IB ■ SB© HHM mm JB KhiSIi n mSmmM SH ^ c *< *+ ^ A V * ,s •x^ >*/\ ^ r >- V* w* ." -0 V - \> ••*■ x^ X 0O x. •^ ^ X ' 00 .^ •\ A" ^ yC% ^ ^ x ^ f ^ j> V- o o X ^. •f5 'v^ / V.A ^ V ,^ AMERICAN /yK DICTIONARY ' OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE; EXHIBITING THE ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS. . By NOAH WEBSTER, LL.D. ABRIDGED FROM THE QUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR. TO WHICH IS ADDED A SYNOPSIS OF WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. REVISED AND ENLARGED BY CHATOCEY A. GOODRICH, PROFESSOR IN YALE COLLEGE. PRONOUNCING VOCABULARIES OF SCRIPTURE, CLASSICAL, AND GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 1867. DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. CPE rSHejI^ered. That on the tenth day of July, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of the United States of Anwica, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have deposited in this offlco the title of a book, thought whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: 'An^American Dictionary of the English Language; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation and Definitions of Words : by Noah Webster, LL.D. : abridged from the Quarto Edition of the Author : to which are a'dded, a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scrpture Proper Names." In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the timos therein men- tioned ;" and also to the act, entitled, "An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." CHAS. A. INGEKSOLL, Cleric of the, District of Connecticut DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to wit: District Clerk's Office. Be it remembered, That on the thirteenth day of July, A.D. 1829, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : "An American Dictionary of the English Language, exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definitions Df Words: by Noah Webster, LL.D.: abridged from the Quarto Edition of the Author: to which are added, a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists; and Walker's Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned;" and also to an act, entitled, "An Act supplementary to an act, entitled, 'An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned ;' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and othet prints." JNO. W. DAVIS, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts, Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, by CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut. Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by EMILY W. ELLSWORTH, JULIA W. GOODRICH, ELIZA S. W. JONES, WILLIAM G. WEBSTER, AND LOUISA WEBSTER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut. Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by G. & C. MERRIAM, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. : a *t *>. r PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. I.n laying 1 ell re the public a revised edition of this work, the fruit of nearly three years oi care and attention,, the editor will be expected to give some brief account of the principles on which he has conducted the revision, and the results of his labors as exhibited in the present volume. The plan of this abridgment, as made under the author's direction in 1829, by Joseph E. Worcester, Esq., of Cambridge, Mass., is thus stated in the original preface : "The leading and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are here retained. The defi- nitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their statement. All the sig- nifications of WQrds as exhibited in the larger work are here retained, but the illustrations and authorities are^generally omitted. In doubtful or contested cases, however, they are carefully retained." In accordance with this plan, Dr. Webster directed the additions and alterations of the larger work, in the edition of 1840, to be inserted in this abridgment. This was done at the time, as far as possible, by means of an appendix ; and is now more perfectly accomplish- ed by carrying all the improvements then made, into their proper places in the body of the work. The subsequent improvements of the larger work, down to the period of the author's death, have also been introduced, in substance, into this edition, under the heads to which they belong. The present revision has been extended equally to both the works, and the results have been embodied in each, on the principles stated above, in their due proportion. By these successive revisions a very great amount of valuable matter has been added to this abridgment. It is now made, in all important respects, consistent with the larger work, and is designed to present, on a reduced scale, a clear, accurate, and full exhibition of the American Dictionary in all its parts. One new feature is now added to this volume, by making it a Synonymous Dictionary. Every one engaged in literary composition has felt, at times, the want of such a work ; a work not intended, like Crabb's, to discriminate nicely between the shades of meaning in similar terms, but to present, under each of the important words, an extended list of others having the same general import, out of which a selection may be made according to the exigencies of the case. Carpenter's Comprehensive Dictionary of English Synonyms was designed to supply this want, but is far too meager. The only extensive work of this kind is Perry's Synony- mous Dictionary, which is now entirely out of print, and is, likewise, too exclusively synony- mous, and too much behind the progress of our language, to answer the purposes of a denning dictionary. An attempt is here made to combine the advantages of Carpenter and Perry with that fullness and accuracy of definition which are essential, at the present day, in a complete dictionary of the English language. Under each of the important words, all others having the same general signification are arranged together, except in cases where they have been previ ously exhausted in framing the definitions. This arrangement, it is hoped, will be found of fre- quent use even to those who are practiced in composition; while it will afford important aid to young writers in attaining grace, variety, and copiousness of diction. The chief value of a dictionary consists in its definitions, — in giving a clear, full, and accurate exhibition of all the various shades of meaning which belong, by established usage, to the words of a language. It is in this respect especially, that Dr. Webster's Dictionary has been gener- ally considered superior to every other, both of this country and of England. To this point, therefore, the labors of the editor have been mainly directed. No efforts have been spared to obtain the most recent and valuable works, not only in lexicography, but in the various depart- ments of science and the arts embraced in the American Dictionary. As these subjects are in a state of continual progress, every important word, in its various applications, has been liligently examined and compared with the statements made on each topic by the latest and most approved authorities. Smart's English Dictionary, in the edition of 1846, has been care- fully collated with this work, and also the unfinished one in a course of publication by Gilbert, so far as the numbers have appeared. Reference has, likewise, constantly been made to Rich- irdson's Dictionary, although this had been previously examined by Dr. Webster, and also to the Analytical Dictionary of Booth. Each of the articles in Brande's Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art, has been collated with the corresponding portions of this dictionary, as the starting point, when necessary, of investigation in larger treatises. The Penny Cyclope- dia has been consulted at every step, especially in matters of science ; and the Encyclopedia Americana (based on the German Conversations- Lexik on) has been relied upon, particularly on iv PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. *ubjecU of eontfnental literature, philosophy, history, arts, &c. In order to secure greater ao curacy, numerous special dictionaries, or vocabularies ^onfined to some single department, hav« also been collated with this work, and the ablest treatises on important branches of science and art, have been diligently examined. In architecture, the chief reliance has been placed on the Oxford Glossary of Architecture (1845), and the Encyclopedia of Architecture (1842), by Grwiltj author of the articles on this subject in Brande's Encyclopedia. In agriculture, Johnson's Farmer's Encyclopedia (1844), and Gardner's Farmer's Dictionary (1846), have been chiefly used. In general antiquities, the large treatise of Fosbroke has been frequently consulted, while in classical antiquities the principal reliance has been placed on the recent dictionary of Smith (1846), as a work of the highest authority. In respect to the antiquities of the Church, the elaborate work of Coleman (1841) has been often referred to; and Hook's Church Die tionary (1844) has been collated throughout, with reference to the rites, ceremonies, vest- ments, &c, of the Church of England, and also of the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches, In botany, use has principally been made of the writings of Lindley and Loudon. In natural history, Partington's British Cyclopedia of Natural History (1835-7) and Jardine's Natural- ist's Library (1834-43) have been much consulted, in connection with the articles on this sub- ject in the Penny Cyclopedia and similar works. In geology, mineralogy, and some associated branches of natural history, Humble's Dictionary of terms in these departments (1840), has been compared with this work throughout. In respect to mercantile subjects, banking, coins, weights, measures, &c, M'Culloch's Commercial Dictionaiy (1845) has been collated at every step, as the standard work on these subjects. In manufactures and the arts, Dr. Ure's Dictionary of Manufactures, Arts, and Mines, with its Supplement (1845), has been relied upon as of the highest authority. In engineering and mechanical philosophy, Hebert's* E ngineer's and Mechan- ic's Cyclopedia (1842) has been carefully collated, and constant reference has been made to the more popular and recent dictionaries of Francis, Grier, and Buchanan, in the editions of 1846^ In seamanship, the Dictionary of Marine Terms, in Lieut. Totten's Naval Text-book (1841), has been taken as a guide. In military affairs, the dictionary of Campbell (1844) has been fol- lowed, in connection with the more extended articles contained in Brande and the Penny Cy- clopedia, on the kindred topics. In the fine arts, much use has been made of the dictionary of Elmes. In domestic economy, the Encyclopedia of Webster and Parkes on this subject (1844), has furnished important statements on a great variety t of topics, presented for the first time in a scientific form ; and to this has been added Cooley's Cyclopedia of Practical Receipts (1846), as exhibiting much collateral information in respect to the arts, manufactures, and trades. Such, in general, are the authorities which have been relied on in this revision. But it is obviously impossible for any one mind to embrace, with accuracy, all the various departments of knowledge which are now brought within the compass of a dictionary. Hence arise most of the errors and inconsistencies which abound in works of this kind. To avoid these as far as possible, especially in matters of science, the editor first made an arrangement with Dr. James G. Percival, who rendered very important assistance to Dr. Webster in the edition of 1828, to take the entire charge of revising the scientific articles embraced in this work. This revision, however, owing to causes beyond the control of either party, was ex- tended to but little more than two letters of the alphabet ; and the editor then obtained the as- sistance of his associates in office, and of other gentlemen in various professional employments. To these he would now return his acknowledgments for the aid they have afforded. The ar- ticles on law have been collated with Blackstone and Bouvier's Law Dictionary, by the Hon. Elizur Goodrich, formerly Professor of Law in Yale College, and the errors discovered, which were few in number, have been carefully corrected. The departments of ecclesiastical history and ancient philosophy have been thoroughly revised by the Rev. James Murdock, D.D., late Professor in the Andover Theological Seminary, who has furnished, in many in stances, new and valuable definitions. The terms in chemistry have been submitted to Prof. Silliman, of Yale College, and whatever changes were requisite in the explanations, have been made under his direction. In the departments of anatomy, physiology, medicine, botany and some other branches of natural history, Dr. Webster received assistance, in the revision of 1840, from Dr. William Tully, late Professor in the Medical Institution of Yale College Still further aid has been received from the same source in the present revision, and much of the accuracy of the work in these branches, will be found owing to the valuable assistance he has thus afforded. On topics connected with Oriental literature, aid has frequently been obtained from Prof. Gi£bs, of Yale College. A part of the articles on astronomy, meteorology, and natural philosophy, in the edition of 1828, passed under the revision of Prof. Olmsted, of Yale College. This revision has now been extended to all the articles on these subjects throughout the work, and new definitions have been furnished in numerous instances. The definitions in mathematics, after having been compared with those given in the dictionaries of Hutton or Barlow, have been submitted to Prof. Stanley, of Yale College, and the alterations have in all cases been made under his direction. In the sciences of geology and mineralogy, a thorough re- vision of the whole volume has been made by James D. Dana, Esq., Geologist and Mineralogist of the United States Exploring Expedition, and associate editor of the American lournal of Sci ence and Art, to whom the editor is likewise indebted for assistance on various Dther subjects, PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. y which ha& greatly enhanced the value of the work. In practical astronomy ani ihe science o' entomology, aid has been frequently received from Edward C. Herrick, Esq., Librarian of Yale College. The articles on painting and the fine arts have, to a great extent, passed under the inspection of Nathaniel Jocelyn, Esq., Painter, of New Haven, and new definitions have, in many cases, been furnished. A correspondence has likewise been carried on with literary friends in England, and espe- cially with one of the contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, with a view to obtain information on certain points, in respect to which nothing definite could be learned from any books within the reach of the editor. Extended lists of words have been transmitted for examination, and returned with ample notes and explanations. Much obscurity has thus been removed in re- gard to the use of terms which have a peculiar sense in England, especially some of frequent occurrence at the universities, in the circles of trade, and in the familiar intercourse of life. To the friends who have given their assistance in these various departments, the editor would return his cordial thanks. Whatever improvement the work may have gained from this revis- ion in respect to clearness, accuracy, and fullness of definition, is to be ascribed, in a great degree, to the aid which they have thus afforded. With regard to the insertion of new words the editor has felt much hesitation and embar- rassment. Some thousands have been added in the course of this revj^ion, and the number might have been swelled to many thousands more without the slightest difficulty. There ia at the present day, especially in England, a boldness of innovation on this subject, which amounts to absolute licentiousness. A hasty introduction into our dictionaries of new terms under such circumstances, is greatly to be deprecated. Our vocabulary is already encumbered with a multitude of words which have never formed a permanent part of English literature, and it is a serious evil to add to their number. Nothing, on the contrary, is so much needed as a thorough expurgation of our dictionaries in this respect, — the rejection of many thousands of words which may properly find a place in the glossaries of antiquarians, as a curious exhibition of what has been 'proposed, but never adopted, as a part of our language, but which, for that reason, can have no claim to stand in a dictionary designed for general use. All words, indeed, which are necessary to an understanding of our great writers, such as Bacon, Spenser, Shaks- peare, &c, ought, though now obsolete, to be carefully retained ; and in the present revision a considerable number of this class have been introduced for the first time. Other words have likewise been admitted to a limited extent, namely, the familiar terms of common life in En- gland, which have been much used of late by popular writers in Great Britain. Many of these need to be explained for the benefit of readers in this country ; and if marked as "familiar," "colloquial," or "low," according to their true character, they may be safely inserted in our dictionaries, and are entitled to a place there, as forming a constituent part of our written and spoken language. One of the most difficult questions on this subject, relates to the introduction of technical and scientific terms. Most of our general dictionaries are at present without any plan, as to the extent and proportion in which such words should be inserted ; nor can they ever be reduced to order until each department is revised by men of science, who are intimately acquainted with the subjects, and who are competent to decide what terms ought to be admit- ted into a general dictionary, and what terms should be reserved for special dictionaries devoted to distinct branches of science. Something of this kind, on a limited scale, has been attempted in the progress of this revision. Lists of words have been obtained from the gentlemen men- tioned above, which might properly be inserted in this volume, and very few terms of this class have been admitted except under their direction. In accordance with their advice, a small number have been excluded, but in this respect the editor has not felt at liberty to carry out his views in their full extent. With regard to Americanisms properly so called, it is known to those who are conversant with the subject, that they are less numerous than has generally been supposed. Most of those familiar words, especially of our older states, which have been considered as peculiar to our country, were brought by our ancestors from Great Britain, and are still in constant use there, as local terms. The recent investigations of Forby, Holloway, and Halliwell have thrown much light on this subject, and the names of these authors are, therefore, frequently placed under the words in question, to indicate their origin and their present use in England. Notes have also been added to a class of words which are peculiar to our countiy, but their number is comparatively small. In reference to orthography some important alterations have been made, but in strict conform, ity, it. is believed, with the author's principles on this subject. The changes in our orthogra- phy recommended by Dr. Webster, are of two distinct kinds, and rest on very different grounds. These it may be proper for a moment to consider. His main principle was, that the tenden- cies of our language to greater simplicity and broader analogies, ought to be watche I and cher- ished with the utmost care. He felt, therefore, that whenever a movement toward wider anal- ogies and more general rules, had advanced so far as to leave but few exceptions to impede its progress, those exceptions ought to be set aside at once, and the analogy rendered complete. On this ground he rejected the u from such words as favour, labour, &c. Of these we have a large number which came to us, 'n most cases, from Latin terminations in or, through the v [ PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. Norma i-FoD:h, but encumbered with a silent u, as in emperour, authour, editour, &c. b rom this entire class, except about twenty words, the u has been gradually dropped ; and in respect to these scarcely any two persons can be found, however strenuous for retaining it, who are in practice consistent with each other or with themselves, as to the words in which this letter is used. In fact, we have reached a point where, unless we take Webster and the die r.ionaries which agree with him as our guide, we have no standard on the subject ; foi Johnson, Walker, and others retain the u in numerous words, into which no one would think of introducing it at the present day. Public convenience, therefore, demands tha! we do at once what must ultimately be done. No one can believe that the progress of our language will be arrested on this subject. The u will speedily be omitted in ail words of this class, unless, from the sacredness of its associations, it be retained in Saviour, which may stand perhaps for a time as a solitary exception. Nor is it Dr. Webster who is the innovator in this case, but the English mind, which has for two centuries been throwing off a useless encumbrance, and moving steadily on toward greater simplicity in the structure of our language. Such, too, is the case with certain terminations m re pronounced like er, as centre, metre, &c. We have numerous words of this class derived from the French, all of which originally ended in re, as cider (cidre), chamber (chambre), &c. These have been grad- ually conformed to tfye English spelling and pronunciation, till the number in re is reduced to about fifteen or twenty words with their derivatives, and in respect to them, also, the process is still going on. Center is, to a considerable extent, the spelling of the best mathematical writ- ers. Meter is the word given by Walker in his Rhyming Dictionary, from a sense of the gross inconsistency of attaching to this word and its derivative, diameter, a different termina- tion. Others are gradually undergoing the same change. Dr. Webster proposes, therefore to complete the analogy at once, and conform the spelling of the few that remain to the genera! principles of our language. Acre, lucre, massacre present the only difficulty, from their liability, if changed, to be mispronounced, and may, therefore, be suffered to stand as necessary excep tions. Another departure from the principles of English orthography, which Dr. Webster has endeavored to correct, is one that was pointed out by Walker in very emphatic terms nearly fifty years ago. The principle in question is this, that in adding to a word the formatives ing, ed, er, &c, a single consonant (if one precedes) is doubled when the accent falls on the last syllable, as in forgetting, beginning, &c, but is not doubled when the accent falls on any of the preceding syllables, as in benefiting, gardening, &c. Walker, in his fifth Aphorism, says, " Dr. Lowth justly remarks, that an error frequently takes place in the words worshipping, counselling, &c, which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be written worshiping, counseling. An ignorance of this rule has led many to write bigotted for bigoted, and from this spelling has frequently arisen a false pronunciation ; but no letter seems to be more fre- quently doubled improperly than I. Why we should write libelling, levelling, revelling, and yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am totally at a loss to determine ; and unless I can give a better plea than any other letter of the alphabet for being doubled in this situation, 1 must, in the style of Lucian in his trial of the letter T, declare for an expulsion." These were the deliberate and latest opinions of Walker. If he had taken the trouble to carry them into his vocabulary, instead of relying on a mere remark of this kind for the correction of the error, — ii he had simply stated under about forty verbs how the participles should be spelled (for he did not give participles in his dictionary), and had altered a few other words, as worshipper into worshiper, traveller into traveler, &c, the error would probably, by this time, have been wholly eradicated from our orthography ; and Dr. Webster would have escaped much ignorant vitu- peration for following in the footsteps of Walker and Lowth. Walker also says, in his Apho- risms, "Why should we not write dullness, fullness, skillful, willful, as well as stiffness and gruffness ?" The principles of our language plainly require us to do so, and Dr. Webster felt that the change might easily be made. The words which need to be reduced to this analogy are only about eight in number, including installment and inthr aliment, which, if spelled with a single I, are liable to be mispronounced, instalment, &c. Again, the words expense, license, recompense, which formerly had a c in the last syllable, have now taken an s, because the lat- ter consonant is the only one used in the derivatives, as expensive, &c. A similar change is needed in only three words more to complete the analogy, namely, defense, offense, and pre- tense, and these Dr. Webster has changed. It is sometimes asked, " Why not change fence also ?" For the simple reason that its derivatives are spelled with a c, as fenced, fenc- ing, and the word, therefore, stands regularly with others of its own class. Finally, Dr. Webster proposes to drop the u in mould and moult, because it has been dropped from gold and all other words of the same ending. Such are the changes under this head, as introduced by Dr. Webster into his dictionary. In the present edition, the words are spelled in both ways for the convenience of the public, except in cases where this seemed to be unnecessary or was found to be inconvenient. These changes, considering the diffi- culty that always belongs to such a subject, have met with far more favor from the publie than was reasonably to be expected. Most of them have been extensively adopted in our country. They are gaining ground daily, as the reasons by which they are supported are more generally understood; and it is confidently believed that, being founded in established PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. vn anal >g;es, and intended merely to repress irregularities and remove petty exceptions, they must, ultimately prevail. The other class of changes mentioned above rests on a different basis, that of etymology. These will be estimated very differently, according to the acquaintance of different persons with the languages from which the words are derived. When Dr. Webster substituted bridegoom for bridegroom, fether for feather, &c, the German critics highly applauded the change. They predicted its speedy and universal reception, because similar improvements on a much broader scale, had been easily made in their language. But Dr. Webster found the case to be widely different among us. After an experiment of twelve years, he restored the old orthography to a considerable number of such words. In the present edition it is restored to nearly all that remain, from the full conviction that, however desirable these changes may be in themselves considered, as they do not relate to the general analogies of the language, and can not be duly appreciated by the body of the people, they will never be generally received.* On the subject of pronunciation much labor has been bestowed in the progress of this re- vision. A careful comparison has been made with the latest authorities, and wherever changes seemed desirable, and could be made in consistency with the author's principles, they have been here introduced. The key to pronunciation has been somewhat enlarged, and the point- ed letters have been used to a still greater extent. Many thousand words have been re-spelled, and no efforts have been spared to render the work, in all respects, a complete pronouncing dic- tionary. In the progress of these labors, the editor has been frequently struck with the wis- dom of Dr. Webster in not attempting too much, as to marking the pronunciation. Most of the later orthoepists, as Knowles, Smart, &c, have made their system of notation so extensive and complicated, and have aimed to exhibit so many nice shades of distinction, as in many cases to perplex rather than aid the inquirer. The " Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists," which was pre- pared by Mr. Worcester for the edition of 18:29, has been completely remodeled. Three of the authorities there used have been rejected, namely, Fulton and Knight, whose work was never one of much consideration, being a mere school dictionary in Scotland, and Sheridan and Jones, whose dictionaries are wholly out of use. For these, three others have been sub- stituted, viz., Knowles, who founded his work on that of Sheridan ; Smart, who may justly be considered the best exponent of Walker's principles, as modified by the most correct usage of the present day in England ; and to these has been added Mr. Worcester, whose long-con- tinued labors on this subject entitle his decisions to high consideration. " Walker's Key to the Pronunciation of Classical and Scripture Names," which was con nected with- this dictionary as an appendix, in the edition of 1829, has now been enlarged and improved. More than three thousand words have been added from a revised edition of the work by the Rev. W. Trollope, M.A., late of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and the " Clas- sical Pronunciation of Proper Names," by Thomas S. Carr, of King's College School, Lon- don. A careful revision of the work has also been made throughout, in reference to the divi- sion of the words into syllables, &c, in which the editor has derived great assistance from Prof. Thacher, of Yale College. More than three hundred errors of various kinds have been discovered and corrected. The publishers of this work have been desirous to add to the volume a Vocabulary of Mod- ern Geographical Words, with their proper pronunciation. They have, accordingly, had one prepared by an associate editor of Baldwin's Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, an account of which will be found in the preface which accompanies the Vocabulary In conclusion, the editor would acknowledge his obligations to the gentlemen who have aided him, for more than two years, in these labors, Mr. Samuel W. Barnum, M.A., of Yale Col- lege, and William G. Webster, Esq., of New Haven. The intimate acquaintance of the latter with his father's views, has made his counsel and co-operation of great value in the progress of this revision. The editor would also make his acknowledgments to Mr. Peter B. Mead, of New York, who has superintended the mechanical execution of the work, for many valuable suggestions which he has made during the progress of the printing, and for the watchful care and assidu- ity with which he has performed the difficult task of securing the accuracy of this volume* Yale College, August, 1847. * For a more full and detailed statement of Dr. Webster's orthography as exhibited to this volume set page xxiii, SYNOPSIS OF WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTDOEPISTS. *** The marks of pronunciation are the same as in the dictionary, except that a point under vowels indicates that: I he have a light or obscure sound. Webster. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester. AB'DI-€a-TIVE, Ub'deka-fiv AB-DI€'A-Tl VE, $ ab d ?- ka -tiv, ab-dlk'a-tiv, ab'de-ka-tav, C ab-diklta-tiv, I ab'de-ka'-tiv, 1 ab'de-ka-tiv, ab'deka-tiv. 4B'DO-MEN, J abdomen, ( ab-do'men, \ ab'do-men, > ab-do'ioen, ab-do'men, ab-do'men, ab-do'men. AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, ? . -,. . „. „ a AB-SOL'U-TO-RY, J ?b ' S ° l ^ re ' ab'sp-lu-tp-re, ab-sol'u-tur-re, ab-sol'u-tu-re, ab-sol'u-tur-e, ab-sol'u-tQ-re. AB'STRA€T, a., ab-strakf, ab'strakt, ab'strakt, ab'sti'akt, ab'strakt, ab'strakt. Ae-CEPTA-BLE, ak'sep-ta-bl, ak-sep'ta-bl, ak-sep'ta-bL ak-sep'ta-bl, ak-sep'ta-bL ak-sep'ta-bl. A€-CESS', I , g , A€'CESS, passes, ak-ses', ak'ses, ak-ses', ak'ses, ak-ses', ak-ses', ak'sea AD-Ju'VANT, ad'ju-vant, . ad'ju-vant, ad'ju-vant, ad'ju-vant, ad'ju-vant. AD-VER'TfSE-MENT.i A'E-RIE (a'ry or e'ry), e're, • e're, e're, a're, e're, e're, a'e-re. A-GAIN' (a-gen*), a-gen', a-gain', a-gane', a-gen', a-gen', a-gen'. ' A-GAINST (a-gen sf), a-gensf, a-gainsf, a-gansl?, a-gensf, a-gensf, a-gensf. AG-GRAND'iZE-MENT. ) AG'GRAND-lZE-MENT. J AlD'-DE-€AMP K,,, , „ (aid'de-kong), J ade -de-kawng, .... ade'-de-kawng*, ad'-e-kong, ad-e-kong', ad'-e-kawng". AL'€OVE, \.. - . AL-€OVE', J al-kove, al-kove', al-kove', al-k6ve', al-kove', al-kove'. AL'KA-LI (-li or -11), al'ka-le, AL'MOND (a'mond), a'mund, al'ka-le, allta-li, allca-li, al'ka-le, aMca-le, alTta U al'mund, a'mund, a'mund, a'mund, a'mund. AL'MoST, all'most, all-mosf, all'most, all-most' all'mosli all'most. AL'PINE (-pin or -pin), al'pin, al'pin, al'pine, al'pine, al'pin, al'pin, al'pine. AL'TERN-ITE, v., al-ter'nate, al-ter'nate, al-ter-nate , al-ter'nate, al-ter'nate, C al-ter'nate. 1 al'ter-nate. AM'BUS-€IDE, am-bus-kade', am-bus-ka.de', am-bus-kade', amlius-kade, am-bus-kade' , am-bus-kade'. A-MEN', a'men', arinen', a-men', a-men', a'men', a'men' AN-A-MORPH'O-SIS. \ 3 AN-A-MORPH-0'SIS. $ AN-TI Fe'BRILE, > - fo ,-,.-, AN-TI-FEB'RILE, 5 an - te - Ie D nl > an-te-fe'brll, an-te-feb'ril. an-te-fe'brjl, an-te-feb'ril, an-te-feb'rtL AN'TI-NO-MY, an-tin'Q-me, an'te-nQ-me, an-tin'Q-me, an-te'nQ-me, an'tj-nom-e, C an-tin'Q-me. 1 an'te-nQ-me. an-tip'Q-dez. ANTIPODES, ? " .- . ,-' AN-TIP'O-DeS, Jan-tipQ-dez, an-tip'Q-dez, an-tip'Q-dez, an-tip'Q-dez, an-tip'Q-dez, AN-TIP-TO'SIS, an-tip-to'sis, an-tlp'to-sis, an-tip-t6'sjs, an-tip-to'sjs, an-tip-to'sis, an-tip-to'sis A'PRON (a'purn), a'purn, a'purn, a'prun, a'prun, a'prun, a'purn, a'purn. ^J^^^^ak'we-lm, ak'we-lin, ak'we-line, C ak'we-lin, I ak'we-line, > ak'we-lin, C ak'we-lin, I ak'we-line. AR€H-I-PEL'A-GO, ar-ke-pel'a-go, ar-ke-pel'a-go, ar-ke-pgl'a-gc i, ar-ke-pel'a-go AR'I-E-TITE, a-ri'e-tate" ar'e-e-tate, ar'ye-tate, a're-e-tate, ar'e-e-tate. AR'ITH-MAN-CY, ?" '., A-RITH'MAN-C Y, j a " ntb m an-se, ■ . a-rith'man-se, a-rith'man-se, ar'ith-man-se , a-rith'man-se A-RO'MA-TiZE, ar-Q-ma-tize, a-rom'a-tize, a-ro'ma-tize, ar'Q-ma-tize, a-ro'ma-tize, C ar'Q-ma-tize. 1 a-ro'ma-tize. AT-TRi'HENT, aftra-herit, at'tra-hent, at'tra-hent, at'ti-a-hent, aftra-hent, afti-a-hent. A-VANT GUARD, a-vanfgard, a-vanfgard, a-vaung'gard, a-vong'gard, a-vong'gard, C a-vanfg'ard. ( a-vang'gard. av-ow-e'. A-VOW-EE', av-ow-e', . av-ow-e', a-vow'e, a-vow-e', AZtTRE (azh'ur or ) ., , . a'zhur), Ja'zhure, az'ur, a'zhiire, a'zhur, a'zhur, a'zhoor, C a'zhur. 1 azh'ur. BA€K-SLiDE' bak-slide', bak'slide, bak-slide', bak'slide, bak-slide', bak-slide'. BAL'€0-NY, > , , . ., BAL-€0'NY, } bal-ko'ne, bal-ko'ne, C bal-ko'ne, \ bal'kQ-ne, ^bal'kQ-ne, bal'kQ-ne, ( bal'kQ-ne. 1 bal-ko'ne. BAL'LET, ballet, ballet, ballet, bal-la', ballet, balla, bal-la', ballet BA-NA'NA, ba-na'na, BANIAN (ban'yan), ban-yan', ba-na'na, ban'ne-an, ba-na'na, ban-yan', ba-na'na, ban-yan', ba-na'na, ban-yan', C ba-na'na. 1 ba-ua'na. ban-yan'. BEARD (beerd), beerd, beerdj beerd, beerd, beerd, beerd. BELLES-LET'TRES ?, (bel-letfter). J BEL'LOWS (bellus), bellus, bellus, bgl'oze, bellus, bellus, bellus. BER'LIN, ber-lin, ber'Un, ber-lin', berl;n, berljn, ber-lin'. SESTTAL (best'yal), beVche-ai bes'te-al, bes'te-al, besfyal, besfyal, besfyal. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester. &:%!£?i%]f^™^ »***«— i fSSSSfti &***■*» 5 ad-ver'tiz-ment. ad-ver-tize'ment » ag'yran- diz-men! \ ^rtSrtfamffi } a g-STan'djz-ment, ag-gran-dize'ment, ag'gran-dize-ment. 5 ag'gran-dize-ment ag-gran'diz-mpnt. 5n-a-morfGsi8 an-a-mor'fQ-fils, an-a-mor'fo •sis, an-a-mQr-f6'6is, an-a-mor'fo-sis. \ an-a-mor-fo'sis •361-Ja'tyt bSi-leftr, bel-letr', bella.tr, bel-let'ter, an-a-nor'fQ-sja. bel-ieftr Ill SYNOPSIS. Webnir. Walktr. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart Worcester R'.STREW, \ e stro', be-stru', ba stroo', be-stroo', be-stroo', C be-stroo'. 1 be-stro'. BcATSWAlN (fa miliar, bo'sn), - } bote'swane, 5 bo'sn, > bo'sn, C bote'swane, \ bo'sn, > bo'sn, C bote'swane, I bo'sn, bote'swane. bo'sn. BOM'BAST C bum'bast, n., 1 bum-basf, a., ? bum-basf, bum-basf, boni'basf, bum-basf, C bum-basf. ( bumlaast. BOURN, borne, boorn, borne, boorn, borne, borne, boont. BOWL (bole), bole, boul, boul, bole, bole, bole, boul. BIII'VO, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo, bra'vo. BRA-ZIL', bra-zeel', bra-zil', bra-zeel', bra-zeel', bra-zeel', bra-zeel'. BRONZE, BRONZE, I bronze, broch, bronz, bronze, bronze, bronz, bronz, bronz, bronze. BROOCH, brooch, broch, brooch, broch, broch. BUOY (bwoy), booe, boy, boy, bwoy, bwoy, boy, bwoy. BC'REAU, bu-ro', bu-ro', bu-ro', bu-ro', bu-ro', bu-ro', bu'rd. CAB'A-RET, kab'a-ret, kab'a-ra, kab'a-ret, kab'a-ra, C kab'a-ra. \ kab'a-ret CA-GHEXT, kak'ek-se, ka-kek'se, kak-kek'se, ka-keks'e, ka-kek'se, ka-kek'se. CIIS'SON, kas-soon', ka'es-son, ka'soon, ' ka'son, ka-soon', ka-soon'. CAL-ClNE', CAL'CINE, \ kal-sine', kal-sine', kal-sine', kal-sine', kal-sine', kal-sine'. €A-MEL'0-PiUT\ GAM'EL-O-PaRD, I ka-mel'Q-pard, ka-mel'o-pard, ka-mel'Q-pard, kam'e-lo-pard, kam'el-Q-pard C ka-mel'Q-pard. ' i kam'el-Q-pard CAN-TaTA, kan-ta'ta, kan-ta'ta, kan-ta'ta, kan-ta'ta, kan-ta'ta, C kan-ta'ta. 1 kan-ta'ta. €AP'IL-LA-RY, €A-PIL'LA-RY, > kap'pil-la-re, ka-pilla-re, kap'pil-la-re, kap'il-la-re, kap'pil-la-re, C kap'pil-la-re. 1 ka-pilla-re. €AR'A-VAN, kar-a-van'. kar-a-van', kar-a-van', kar'a-van, kar-a-van', kar-a-van'.' GaR-TEL', Cartel, ikar-tel', kar'tel, kiir-teT, kar tel', kar-tel , kar-tel', kar-tel'. CaSE'MENT, kaz'ment, kase'ment, kaz'ment, kaz'ment, kaz'ment, kaz'ment €A3S'A-DA, kas'sa-da, kas'sa-da, kas-sa'da, kas'sa-da, 1 kas-sa'da I kas'sa-da. kach'up, kaf sup C ses'e-te. 1 se'se-te. sel'e-ba-se. CATCHUP, GAT'SUP, Ce'CI-TY, > kach'up, ses'e-te, kafsup, ses'e-te, kech'up, se'se-te, kach'up, 6e'sjt-e, kach'up, se'se-te, CE-LTB'A-CY, CEL'I-BA-CY, i sel'e-ba-se, seu'a-tur-e, sel'e-ba-se, sel'e-ba-se, sel'e-ba-se, sel'e-ba-se, CEN'A-TO-RJ, sen'a-tg-re, sen'a-tur-e, sen'a-tur-e, ee'na-tur-e, sen'a-to-re. CHA-GRlN', sha-green', sha-green', sha-green', sha-green'. 6ha-green', sha-green'. CHAL-CED'O-NY, GHAL'CE-DO-NY, 1 kal'se-do-ne, kal'se-do-ne, kal'se-do-ne, kal-sed'p-ne, C kal'se-do-ne. 1 kal-sed'Q-no. CHALDRON, cha'drun, chal'drun, chawl'drun, chawl'drun, chawl'drun, C chal'drun. 1 chal'dnin. chal'is. CHAL'ICE, chal'is, kails, challs, chal'is, chal'js, cHAM'OIg (shanr or sba-moi'), * > sba-moi', isbam-pane', sham'e, sha-moi', sham'oi, sham'wa, C sham'e. 1 sha-moi'. sham-pann'. 6HAM-PaIGN', sham-pane', sham'pane, sham'pane, sham-pane', CHAP'E-RoN, shap-er-oon', shap'e-rone, shap'er-oon, sha.p'er-6ng, shap'er-ong, shap'er-ono. CHART, kart, chart, chart, kart, chart, chart,' kart, chart,' chart. CHEER'FUL, C cheer'ful, I cher'ful, cha'na, chi'na, > cheer'ful, cheer'ful, C cheer'ful, \ cher'ful, > cheer'ful, cheer'ful. CHI'NA, chi'na, chi'na, chi'na, chi'na, chi'na. GHl'RO-MAN CY, kir'Q-man-se, ki-rom'an-se, ki'ro-man-se, ki'rQ-man-se, krro-man-se, C ki'ro-man-ae. 1 kli-'Q-man-se cHIV'AL-RY chiv'al-re, shiv'al-re, 6hiv'al-re, shiv'al-re, shiv'al-re, C shiv'al-re. 1 chiv'al-re. kwire. CHOIR (kwire), kwire, koir, kwire, kwire, koir, kwire, kwire, CHOP'IN, cho-peen', chop';n, chg-peen', sho'pang, C chop'in. * I chQ-peen kor'is-ter. CHORISTER, kwir'js-ter, C kor'js-ter, I kwir'js-ter, > kSr'is-ter, C kor'is-ter, \ kwir'is-ter, } kor'js-ter, CLAR'I-ON, klare'yun, klar'e-un, klar'e-un, klai-'yun, klar'e-un, klar'e-un. CLI-MAC'TER-IC, klim-ak-ter'4k kli-mak-ter'rik, klim-ak-tSr'rjk, kli-mak-ter'rik, klim-ak-ter'rjk,{[:]J^;|J r I ; r t f^ ,! - CLOTHES (klofhz \ M - a orkloze), ]Woze, klofhz, klofhz, kloze, klofhz, klofhz, kloze. CLYSTER, klis'ter, klis'ter, klis'ter, glis'ter, klis'ter, klis'ter. CO-AD'JU-TANT, kQ-ad'ju-tant, kp-ad-ju'tant, ko-ad'ju-tant, kg-ad-ju'tant, ko-ad'ju-tant, ko-ad'ju tant. CO'BALT (koTDolt), kob'alt, kob'alt, kohalt, ko'b'alt, kohalt, k 613 alt, kob'alt COCH'1-NeAL, kuch'jn-el, kuch'e-nel, kotch'in-eL kuch'jn-el, koch-in-el' kocb'i-nel. COCK'SWAIN (fa miliar kSk'sn), '^kok'sn, kok'sn, C kSk'swan, I kok'sn, > kok'sn, f kok'swan, ) kok'sn, kok'sv/an. kok'sn. COG'NI-ZANCE } , - . (kog'ne-zana or ( ^fe»l?' Kon'e-zans, We-zans), Jkone-zans, $ • • COM'BAT, kum'bat, kom'bat, COM-MENT/A-BLE, J ^'StaS^^-^^ i - , i - / i_- / C kos^ne-7ang. kon e-zans, kon'e-zans, kon'e-zans, 2 kon'e-zans kom'bat, kom'bat, kum'bat, f kSbat' , kgm-men'da-bl, kom-men'da-bl, kQm-men'da-bl. k(?m-mend'a-bl COM'MENT, v., kom'ment, kom-menf, kom'ment, kom-menf, kom'ment, kom'ment. GOM'MIS-SURE, kom-mish'ure, kQm-mis'shure, kpm-mis'ure, kom-mish'ure kpm-mish'ure , iQm-mish'yur. GOM-Pa'TRI-OT, COM-PAT'RI-OT, > kgrn-pa'tre-ut, kgrn-pa'tre-ut, kQm-pa'ti-e-ut, kum-pafre-ut, kpm-pa'tre-ut kQm-pa'ti - e-yt. GOM-PEN'SITE, GOM'PEN-SaTE, > kQm-pen'sate, kQm-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, C kom'pen-sate, I kum-pen'sate, > kQm-pen'sate kQm-pen'sa fe. GOM'PLOT, n., kom'plot, k kon'fes-sur, C kon'fes-sur. } kun-fes'snr. CON'FI-DANT, kon-fe-danf, kon'fe-dant, kon-fe-danf, kon-fe-danf, kon-fe-danf kon-fe-danf CON-FIS'CXTE, v. CONTIS-CaTE, ' > kon-fisTvate, kon-fisTtate, kon-fis'kate, C kun-fisTtate, \ kon'fis-kate, > kpn-fisTtar*', kgn-flslsate C kgn-fruuf . ) l'Qn&'tof, CON FRONT' kpn-frdnf, kun-frunf, kun-fronf, kon-fronf, kgu-frunf, SYNOPSIS. xit Webster. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester eON' kpng-zha', kon-nis-sar*, kon'je, kon'je. GON-NOlS-SEuR' -sur or -saur), > ko-njs-sare', kon-njs-sur', kon-nas-sur', C kon-nis-sur' I kon-nis-sur'. GON-SIST'O-RY, kon'sis-tur-e, k6n's;s-tQ-re, kon'sis-tur-e, kon-sisfur-e, kon'sis-tQr-e, C kon'sjs-tQ-re. 1 kyn-sis'to-re. CON'STEL-LaTE, kon-stellate, kpn-stellate, k(?n-stellate, kon-steTlate, kon'stel-late, kQn-stel'iatr GON'STI-Tu-TIVE ; , kon'ste-tii-tiv, kon'ste-tii-tiv, kon'ste tu-tiv, kons-te-tu'tiv, kon'ste-tii-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv. CON'STROE, c kon'stru, I kon'stur, C kon'sult, I kon-sulf, > kon'stru, kon'stru, kons'troo, kon'stroo, kSn'stroo. GON-SULr, n. kon'sult, kQn-sulf, > kon'sult, kon'sult, kon-sulf, kon'sult. GON-SUM'MITE,», GON'SUM-MITE, '• S kQn-sum'mate, > kQn-tem'plate, , kQn-sum'mate , kQn-sum'mate, kon'sum-mate, kon-sum'mate i, kQn-sum'mate CON-TEMPLATE, GON'TEM-PLaTE, , kQn-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate, C kon'tem-plate, > kon-tern'olate, > kgn-tem'plate, kQn-tem'plate. GONTEM-PL1-TOR, kQn-tem'pla-tur, kQn-tem'pla-tur, kQn-tem'pla-tur, kun-tem'plat-er, kdn'tem-pla-tQr, kon-tem'pla-to CONTENTS, n., GON-TENTS', > kQn-tents', J kon'tents, > kQn-tents', kQn-tents', kon-tents', kQn-tents', C kon-tents' I kon'tents. GON'TRlTE, kon'trite, kpn-trite', kon'trite, kon'trite, kQn-trite', kon'trite. GON-VeN'IENT, kon-ve'ne-ent, kQn-ve'ne-ent, kgn-ve'ne-ent, kun-ven'yent, kQn-ve'ne-ent, kQn-ven'yent. GON'VER-SANT, C kon'ver-sant, I kpn-ver'sant, kon-versele, > kon-ver'sant, kon'ver-sant, kun-vers'ant, kon'ver-sant, kon'ver-sant. GON'VERSE-LY, kun-versele, kon-versele, kun-versele, kQn-verse'le, kon'verse-le. Co'NY, G6NY, I kun'ne, kun'ne, kun'ne, kun'ne, { k ^^ ar }^o,k^ e . GORD'I-AL, kSr'je-al, kor'de-al, kor'de-aL kawrd'yal, kor'de-al, C kordyal. 1 kor'de-al. C kor'ol-la-re. 1 ko-rdlla-re. kors, korse. GOR'OL-LA-RY, kSr'Q-lar-e, kor'Ql-la-re, kor'o-lar-e, kSr'Ql-lar-e, kor'Ql-lar-e, GORSE, GoRSE, > korse, koo'reer, korse, korse, korse, korse, GOU'RI-ER, koo're-a, koo-reer', koor'yer, koor'e-er, koo'rer. GOURTE-OUS, kiir'che-us, kur'che-us, kor'te-ua, kort'yus, korfyus, C kur'te-iis. 1 korfyus. CROG'O-DILE, , krok'g-dil, krok'Q-dil, krok'o-dile, krok'o-dile. krokkQ-dile, C krok'Q-dile. ( krdk'o-dile. GRUP'PER, krup'per, krup'per, krup'per, krup'per, krup'per, krup'per. Cu'GUM-BER, kowltum-ber, kow'kum-ber, kukum-ber, ku'kym-ber, kukum-ber, kukum-ber. CU3£-RASS'(kwe-ras A ), kwe-ras', kwe'ras, kwe-ras', ku'ras, kwe'ras, C kwe-ras'. 1 kwe'ras. kwis. GUISH (kwis), kwis, kwish, kwis, kiish, kwis, •GUP'BOARD (kub burd), " I kub'burd, kup'bord, kub'burd, kuMrarb, kub'bord, kub'burd. CYN'O-SURE (sin' o-shure or sy'no shure), " ( sin'Q-shure, * t si'nQ-shure, si'nQ-sure, sin'o-sure, > si'np-shtire, C sin'o-shor, \ si'no-sb6r, > si'nQ-ziir, Bi'nQ-sure. DXUNT, dant, dawnt, dant, dant, dawnt, dant, dant DEAF, def, def, def, def, def, def. DE-CEPTO-RY, des'ep-tur-e, de-s8p'tg-re, des'ep-tur-e, de-sep'tur-e, de-sep'tur-e, des'ep-to-re DE-GOTtOUS, DEG'O-ROUS, > de-ko'rus, dek'o-rus, de-ko'rus, C dek'g-rus, ( de-ko'rus, >de-k6'rys, C de-ko'rus. ( dek'Q-ruB. DE-GRE'TAL, C de-kre'tal, I dek're-taL / de-kre'tal, C de-kre'tal, \ dek're-tal, > de-kre'tal, de-kre'tal, de-kre'taL PE-FlLE', »., de-file', de-file', de-file', C de-fel', I de-file', de-mon'strate, ^de'fne, de-mon'strate de-file'. DE-MON'STRaTE, DEM'ON-STRaTE, > de-mon'strate, de-mon'strate, de-mon'strate, , de-mon'strate DEM'ON-STRa-TOR.1 DEN'I-GRITE, C den'e-grute, > de-ni'arate. > den'e-grate, den'e-grate, den'e-grate, den'e-grate, den'e-grate. DERTCI-ER (der'ne-? , °. / erordern-yarO, J dem -y are . der'ne-er, dern'yare', der'ne-er, C dern-yar'. ( der'ne-er. DE-SIG'GITE, DES'IG-GITE, > de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sikkate, de-sikkate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate. DE-SIGN', DE-giGN', > de-sine', de-sine', de-zine', de-zine', de-sine', C de-sine'. 1 de-zine'. DES'UL-TO-RY, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-to-re, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tQ-re. Dl'A-MOND (di'a-) ,., ' mond or di'mond), i * a " mun di'a-mund, di'a-mund, di'mund, C df a-mund," I di'mund, di'a-mund. di'mund. DIM'IS-SO-RY, dim'is-sur-e, dim'is-sur-e, di-mis'sQ-re, dim'is-SQr-e, dim'is-sQ-re. DI'O-Ce-SAN, DISCOUNT, v., DISCOUNT, di-os'se-san, > djs-kounf , di-os'e-zan, dis-kounf, di-6s'e-san, djs-kounf, di-os'se-san, dis-kounf, di-5s'e-zan, dis-kounf, C di-6s'3e-sau. 1 di-Q-ce'san. dis-kounf. DIS-CREP'ANCE, diskre-pans, diskre-pans, diskre-pans, dis-krep'ans, disTcre-pans, disTtre-pans. Dl S-GREP'ANT, dis'kre-pant, diskre-pant, diskre-pant, dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant, diskre-pant. DIS'PU-TA-BLE, C dis'pu-ta-bL I djs-pu'ta-bL > dis-pu'ta-bl, C dis'pu-ta-bl, I dis-pu'ta-bl, dis-pu'ta-bl, dis'pu-ta-bl, > dis'pu-ta-bl, dis'pu-ta-bl. DIS-SYLTA-BLE, "DIS'SYL-LA-BLE, |dis'sil-la-bl, dis-silla-bL dis-silla-bl, dis'sil-la-bL diB-silla-bl, C dis-silla-bl. 1 dis'sil-la-bl. 'H-VERT'ISE, Do'CI-BLE, DOC'I-BLE, de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz, de-ve^z, de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz. } dos'e-bl, |dos'6il, I dra'ma, J dram'm a, do'se-bl, dos'e-bl, doa'si-bl, dos'e-bl, dos'e-bl. Do'CILE, DOCILE, do'sil, dos'il, dos'sfl, dos'sil, dSs'sil. DRi'MA, DRI'MA, ? dra'ma, dra'ma, dra'ma, dram'a, C dra'ma. 1 dram'a. DU-RESS', du'res, du'res, du'res, du'res, du'res, du'res. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester. dem-mpn-stra'tur de-mon'stra-tur, > d em-un-stra'tijr, dem-mon-stra'tur, 5 gSSSffi' \ d « m Tr ' i de-monstia-tur, J mQn-stra-tuE j ' dem'un -s tra-tu r de-monstra-tur XlV DY'NAJTY, m r 3PEP'SY, di'nas-te, din'as-te, dis'pep-se, Perry ■ di'nas-te, SYNOPSIS. Jameson. din'as-te, . dis'pep-se, E-€LaIRCI3SE-MENT (ek-klar'sis-mang). E-€LaT' (e-kla'), e-klaw 7 , EDICT, e'dikt, E-Le'JI_-A€, EL-E Sl'AC, EM-B UWHE (em- j em . br& , zhflre( bra mur), ) ■ EM'PIR-IC, ?i., * em'pe-rik, EM-PIR'IC, 5 em-pir'ik, EM-PY-ReAN, {JS|£g^ EN-CgRE' (ang-kore'), 6ng-kore', ■ el-e-ji'ak, EN-FEOFF (-fSf'J EN'VEL-OPE, n., EN-VEL-OP, »., EN-Vl'RONS, EN'VI-RONS, EPH'OD, EP-1-Cu'RE-AN, EP-I-CU-RE'AN, EP'0€H, EP'ODE, EQUE-RY, E-QUER'RY, ER'RAND, ER'U-DlTE, en-feef, > 6n-ve-lope', > on-ve-ronz', > en-vi'runz, ef 'od, e'fod, > ep-e-ku-re'ai ep'ok, e'ppk, e-kla', ed'ikt, e'dikt, e-le'je-ak, el-e-ji'ak, em'bra-zure', em'pe-rik, em-pir'ik, em-pir'e-an, em-pe-re'an, 6n-kore', en-fef', e-kla', e'd;kt, I el-e-ji'ak, em-bra'zhure, > em-pir'ik, em-pe-re'an, em-plr'e-an, ong-kore', en-feef, Knowles. di'nas-te, dis'pep-se, e-klaw', 6'dikt, el-e-je'ak, em-bra-zhur', em'pe-rik, em-pir'ik, Smart. din'as-te, djs-pep'sg, ek-kla', e'dikt, el-e-ji'ak, em-bra-zure', • em-pir'ik, • em-pe-re'an, em-pe-re'an, ongTcore', ong-kore', en-feef, en-fef, en-fef, en've-lope, 6ng-ve-lope', en-vel'up, > en-vi'runz, ' ef pd, ep-e-ku-re'an, e'pplv en've-riinz, en-vi'runz, efod, ep-e-ku-re'an, ep'ok, ep'ode, e'pode, ep'cde, e'pode, ep'ode > e-kwer'e, ek'wer-re, eTtwer-e, ar'rand, er-u-dite', er'rand, er'u-dit, ES-SIY'IST, E-VAN-dEL'I€-AL, EX-A-CER'BaTE, EX'CA-VaTE, EX'EM-PLA-RY (egz-), EX'PRO-BRaTE, EX-SI€'€aTE, EX'SI€-€aTE, SY'RY (a'rvi), FAB'RIC, fab'rik, fa'brik, fab'rik, FA-CADE' (fa-sade*), fa-sade', FAC'UND, fak'und, fa-kund', F ^; C n f° N (faWl '-}fan'chun, fal'che-un, ^ONCfavrlmor J^^ f ^ FAL'CON-ER, fawTm-ur, faPkn-ur, FAN'FA-RON, fan-fa-rone', fan'fa-run, ( fare'wel, 1 fare-weT, Fa RE-WELL', er'rand, er'u-dite, es'sa-ist FE'AL-TY, FeARTUL, Fe'BRILE, FEB'RfLE, Fe'CUND, FEOFF (fef), FEOF-FEE', FETID, FIERCE (fers), FLAUNT, es-sa'ist, es'sa-ist, ev-an-jel'e-kal, e-van-jel'e-kal e-van-jel'e-kal egs-as'er-bate, egs-as'er-bate, egz-a-ser'bate, eks-ka'vate, eks-ka'vate, eks-ka'vate, > egz'em-plar-e, egz-em'pla-re, egz'em-plar-e, eks-pro'brate, eks'pro-brate, > ek-sik'kate, eks-sik'kate, ek-sik'kate, a're, a're, a're, fab'rik, fa'brik, fa-sad', fal'shun, faw'kn, faw'kn-er, fan'fa-ron, ! fare-wel', adv, fare'wel, fare-wel', feel'te, fer'ful fe'bxfl, ong-ve-ronz, en-vi'runz, ef'ud, ep-e-ku-re'an, ep'ok, ep'ode, ek'wer-e, e-kwgfe, e-kefe, ' er'and, er'u-dite, fis'a-ist, ongv'lop, en've-ronz, efod, ep-e-ku-re'an, ep'ok, ep'ode, . ek'wer-re, er'rand, erudite, es'sa-ist, e-van-jel'e-kal, ev-an-jel'e-kal, eks-a-ser'bate, egz-as'er-bate, eks-ka'vate, eks-empler-e, eks'prp-brate, eks-sik'ate, a're, e're, fare-wel', I .„ fare'wel, J f-ir-'TiT^ r aaV -> fir.wol' <^ far'wel, far- w el', { fare-wel', n., fe'al-te, feff ul, feffiil, } feb'ril, fab'rik, fa-sade', fa-kiind', fal'shun, falTcun, falTcun-ur, fan'fa-rong, far-wel' far'wel, fare-wel', a., fe'al-te, fer'ful, feTDril, eksTca-vate, egz'em-plar-e, eks'pro-brate, eks-sik'kate, e're, fa'brik, fa-sad', fak'und, fal'chun, fawTcn, faw'kn-er, fan'fa-rgn, fare-wel', v., Worcester, J di'nas-te. I din'as-te. C dis'pep-se. I djs-pep'se. e'dikt : 61-e-ji'ak. em-bra-zhoor'. em-bra'zhur. em-pir'ik. em'pe-rik. em-pe-re'an. em-pife-an. ang-kdr 1 . ' en-^f. ang-ve-lope'. en-vel'Qp. en-vfronz. en've-ronz. ef'Qd. ep-e-ku-re'an. ep'Qk, e'pok. ep'ode. ek'we-re. e-kwer'e. er'rand. efu^iite, er*u-di» es'sa-ist es-sa'jst. e-van-jel'e-kal. ev-an-jel'e-kal egs-as'er-bate. C eks'ka-vat I eks-ka'vat egz'em-pla-re eks-pro'brate. eks-sik'kate. adv., ~i C fare-wel', v., I > fare'wel', < fare'wel, n, 3 ' j ( adv., or a., fek'und, fe-kund', .... fef, ' fef, feef, fef'fee, fef-fee', fef-fee', fefid, fe'tid, fefid, fers, fers, fers, fers, flant, flawnt, flant, fole-6, fole-6, fore-fa'fhur, fore'fa-fher, fore'fa-fher, fore'fing-gur, fore'fing-ger, ipre'f \nn-y r, fort'nite, forfnit, " fort'nite, FRANK-IN'CENSE, ?, . ,_ _ , . . _ „ , . . „ . FRANK'IN-CENSE X tranlt in -sens, frankln-sens, irankln-sens, Fo'LI-O (fdle-o or? fq fol'yo), ^toleo, FoRE'Fa-THER, F5RE-FIN"GER, FORTNIGHT, fe'al-te, fer'ful, fe^nl, feliund, feef, fef, fef-fee', fefid, fers, flawnt flant fol'yo, fore-fa'fhur, fore-fing'gur, fe'al-te, fer'fui, feb'riL fek'und, fef, fef-fee', fgt'id, fers, flant fole-6, fore'fa-fher, fore'fing-ger, FRAT'BI-ClDE, fraf re-side, FR6NT, frunt front FRONT-IfR'C-eeO^ ^; FtJ'SI-BLE, fu'se-bL FU'SIL, fu-z"ee', • gane-sa', GaIN-SaY', GaIN'SaY, GAL'AX-Y, 6EL'A-BLE, jel'a-bl, 6ISR'-EA-GLE (jer--), jer'e-gL fra'tre-side, frunt, > frSn'ter, fu'ze-bL fu'zil, ga-lak'si je'la-bL frafre-side, frunt fron'ter, fu'ze-bl, fu'zil, gane-sa', gal' jel'a-bl, forfnit, ftrfnite, forfnite, frankln-sens, frankln-sens, frafre-side, frafre-side, front fron'ter, fu'ze-bl, fu-zil', gane'sa, galak-se, jel'a-bl, ' ji'er-e-gL friint, fron'ter, fu'ze-bL fu-zee' t gane'sa, gallak-se, jel'a-bl, ' jefe-gl, afe. fab'rjk. fa-sad'. fak'und. fal'shun. fal'chun. fawltn. faw'kn-er. fan'fa-r6n. fare-wel', 7 adv. fare'wel, }or» fare'wel, n. or a fe'al-te. fer'ful. feT>ril, feb'ril. fek'und. fef. fef'fee, fef-fee'. fefid. fers. flant. fo'le-6, fol'yo. fore'fa-fher. fore'fing-ger. forfnite, ftrt nit frank'in-sens. frafre-side. frunt fron'ter fu'ze-bl fu'ziL fu-zee \ gane-sn'. \ gane'sa. gal'ak-se jel'a-bl. jer'e-gL Walker Perry. ek-klarc'siz-ment, ek-kiare'sis-mon, Jameson. Knoioles. i**"-*-** {S3S$3S- Smart. SYNOPSIS. Webster. &!R'A-SOLE, GLa'CIS, glad'i-a-tor, gold, GOU6E, GoURD, G6VERN-ANTE, GRAN'A-RY, GRANTOR, GYM-NASTI6, &TVES, HAL'CY-ON, HaLE, v., HALE, v., HALF'-PEN-NY (hap- or ha'pen-ne), HATCH'EL, haunt, He'BRA-ISM, He'BRA-IST, HE-antA, HEIGHT, HEPNOUS, HEM'I-STIGH, Walker. jlr'a-sole, gla'.sjs, gla-seez' glad-de-atur, gold, goold, gooje, gord, goord, go-ver-nanf, gran'a-re, grant-tor', jjm-nas'tjk, jlvz, hal'she-un, $hale, halL > ha'pen-ne, hal^d, hant, heb'ra-Izm, heb'ra-Ist, C he-jl'r'a, I hed'je-ra, hite, hate, ha'nus, he-mls'tjk, HER-€u'LE-AN, HER'E-SI-AR€H, ) he . rS>zhe ^v HE-R^SI-aRGH, jie-rezHfrarJE, HER'O-lNE, her'g-in, HER'O-ISM, HET'E-RO-€LlTE, HIG'GOUGH (hik'-) up), 5 HID'E-OUS, $ Hl'E-RO-PHANT, \ HI-ER'O-PHANT, j HO-MOG'E-NY, HO-ROL'0-GY, HOSTI-TAL, HOST'LER (hSsler? or osier), j HOUSE'WlFE. heVo-Izm, hetfer-o-klite, hiklup, 'hik'kof; hid'e-us, hld'je-us, hi-er'o-fant, ho-m5d'je-ne, ho-rol'Q-je, os'pe-tal, Ssler, Perry. je'ra-soL gla'sjs, glad-e-a'tur, gold, goold, gowje, goord, guv'ern-ant, gra'na-re, grant'ur, jjm-nas'tjk, jlvz, hal'she-un, hall, ha'pen-ne, hach'eL hant,' he'bra-izm, he'bra-Ist, I he-ji'ra, hite, ha'nus, hem'js-tik, her-kule-an, he-re'zhe-ark, he'ro-In, he'ro-Izm, hefe-ro-kllt, •hik'kof, > hid'e-us, Jameson. gla'sjs, glad-de-a'tur, gold, gooje, goord, go-ver-nanf, gra'na-re, granftor, gjm-nas'tjk, jivz, hal'she-un, hale, ha'pen-ne, hakld, hant, he'bra-izm, he'bra-Ist, [ he-ji'ra, 1 hed'je-ra, ' hite, " he'nus, he-mls'tjk, her-ku-le'an, her'g-in, her'o-Izm, hefer-o-kllte, ' hik'kup, hik'kof hid'e-us, Knowlea. jeVasol, gla'sjs, gla'sjs, glad'e-a-tur, gold, ' gooje, goord, gn-ver-nanf, gran'a-re, grant'ur, jjm-nas'tjk, givz, Smart. jir'a-soL gla-ses', gl&d'e-a-tor, gold,' gocje, gord, guv'ern-ant, gran'a-re, grant-or', jjm-nas'tjk, jlvz, hale, hale, ha'pen-ne, ha'pen-ne, huz'wjf, HOUSE'WlFE-RY, huz'wjf-re, H6VER, huv'ur, HUMBLE, um'b'l, Hu'MOR, yu'mur, HUNDRED, {g^ HUSWIFE (huz'zjf), huz'zjf, HY-MEN-E'AL, hi-me-ne'i Hy-MEN-e'AN, hl-me-ne'an, HYP-O-GHON'DRI-AG.i ho-mod'je-ne, ho-rol'o-je, hos'pe-tal, dstler, huz'jf, huz'jf-re, hov'er, um'bl, yum'ur, > hun'dred, huz'jf, hl-me-ne'al, hl-me-ne'an, hom'o-je-ne, ho-rdl'o-je, hos'pe-tal, ostler, huz'sjf, huz'zjf-re, hov'er, hum'bl, yu'mur, hun'dred, huz'zjf, hl-me-ne'aL hl-me-ne'an, hak'eL hawnt, he'bra-izm, he'bra-Ist, > he-ji'ra, hite, he'nus, he-mls'tjk, her-kule-an, he-re'se-ark, C her'o-In, I he'ro-In, C he'ro-Izm, I her'Q-Izm, hefer-o-kllte, I hik'kup, hld'yus, hi'e-ro-fant, hp-mog'en-e, ho'ro-16j-e, ds'pe-taL Sstlur, huz'wjf, hach'eL hant, ' he^ra-Izn^ he'bra-Ist, hed'je-ra, hite, ha'nus, hem'js-tik, her-kule-an, heYe-se-ark, > her'o-In, I heVo-Izm, hetfer-o-kllte, C hik'kup, \ hik'kof, Hi'S'SOP (hi'zup or >, - / i.-, ,.- , v.- , us / his'sup), Jhiz'zup,hi'«up, hls'sup, hiz'zup, his'snp, [L-LAQ'UE-aTE, jl-la'kwe-ate, IM'BE-CXLE (ImTse- Hm-bes's'jl, sil or Im-be-seel'), 5lm-be-seel', IM-MeDI-ATE, I Im-mVde-at, ' I lm-me je-at, IM-PORTANT, | jm-por-tant, ' J ;m-por'tant, IM-PRo'PRI-A-TOR. a 1M-P0GN' (im-pune'), jm-pune', IM-PO'IS-SANCE, [N-AM O-Ra'TO, N-CEND'I-A-RY, IN-CENS'O-RY, jl-lak'we-ate, jm-bes'sjl, Im-be-sll', > Im-me'de-at, I jm-p5r'tant, jm-pun', Im-pu-Is'sans, In-am-g-ra'to, C In-sen'de-a-re, } ~ - , •■ S T^oIrT'^o\.J >m-sen'de-a-re, I m-senje-a-re, y ...» In'sen-sur-e, im-puis-sans, IN-GLlN'A-TO-RY, jn-klln'a-tur-e, IN €OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE.3 ' IN-€OM"M5'DI-OUS.4 lN-€ON'DITE, InTton-dite, jn-klfna-tp-re, Jn-kon'dit, jl-la'kwe-ate, jm-bes'sjl, Im-me'de-ate, jm-por'tant, jm-pune', Im-pu'js-3ans, In-am-o-ra'td, In-sen'de-a-re, jn-sen'sQ-re, Jn-klln'a-tur-e, jl-la'kwe-ate, Im-be-seel', Im-med'yat, jm-pSr'tant, jm-pune*, Im-pu'js-sans, In'am ?-ra-to, In-send'yar-e, jn-sen'sp-re, jn-kll'na-tur-e, fcrfcon-dlte, in-kon-dite', hid'e-us, hl'e-r In-kpm-mens'u-ra-bl ln-h )m-mo'de-us. SYNOPSIS. Wei sivf. !5L-€oT;OUS, WaJkir. {n-oe-ko'rus, IN-D EC'O-ROUS, I in-dek'o-rus. IN-DISTU-TA-BLE,J£;^S; IN-DVCI-BLE. 1N-DOCI-BLE, IN-Dd'ClLE, IN-DOC'lLE, IN'FANT-ILE, 1N-Fe'€UND, IN-<\eN'IOUS, IN'GRaIN, 1N-GRIIN', IN-HAB'ILE, 1N-IM1C-AL, I In-dos'e-bl, S In-dos'sfl, In'fan-tile, In-fgk'und, In-je'ne-us, > en-grane', c In-habll, I In-a-beel', C in-im'e-kal, I ln-e-ml'kal, C jn-sid'e-us, I jn-sid'je-us, In'shu-lar, m-ter-kal'a-re, > in-terTsa-late, IN-SID'I-OUS, IN'SU-LAR, N-TER'€A-LA RY INTER-€AL-aTE, IN-TER'€AL-aTE, IN'TER-PO-La-TOR. ?, IN-TER'PO-La-TOR. 5 INTER-STICE, Hn'ter-sfis, IN-TER'STICE, $ jn-teVstjs, IN'VA-LID, n. andv.t., In-va-leed', ;n-vid'e-\is, in-vid'je-us, IR-Ra'TION-AL (Br-) ra'shun-al or Ir- V ir-rash'o-nal rash'un-al), ) 1R-RE-FR1'GA-BLE. > 2 IR-REFHA-GA-BLE. 5 IN-VID'I-OUS, Perry. > In-dek'o-rus, In-dis'pu-ta-bl, In-dis-pu'la-bl, In-do'ee-bl, In-do'eiL, In'fan-tfl, In-fe-kuruT, In-je'ne-us.. en-grane', In-aML In-a-beel', I in-im'e-kal, > jn-sid'e-us, In'su-lar, in-ter'ka-la-r^ in-ter'ka-late, in-ter'po-late, - in'ter-stJs, in-va-leed', • in-vid'e-us, In-de-ko'rus, > In-dls'pu-ta-bL In-dos'e-bl, In-dSs'sfl, In'fan-tile, In-fek'und, In-je'ne-us, en-grane', ( in-im'e-kal. £ ln-e-ml'kal, jn-sid'e-us, In'su-lar, in-teYkal-a-re, in-ter'ka-late, in-feSr-pQ-Wt}, fca-teYi#J, in-va-losd', in-vid'e-ya, Knowlcs. \ In-dek'o-rus, [ in-de-ko'rus, r in-dis'pu-ta-bl, [ In-dis-pu'ta-bl, In-dos'e-bl, In-dos'6fl, in'fan-tile, In-fe-kund', In-jen'yus, in-grane', in-hab'fl, Jn-im'e-kal, in-e-mi'kaL in-sid'yus, in'su-lar, jn-terTia-lar-e, in-ter'ka-late, in-ter'po-late, in-teYstis, In-va-leed', jn-vid-yus, Smart. > in-de-ko'rus, I in-dis'pu-ta-bL in-dos'e-bl, in-d6s's;l, In'fan-til, in-fek'und, In-je'ne-us, in-grane', in-hab'fl, > ln-e-ml'kal, in-sid'e-us, in'su-lar, in-teVka-lar-e, in-ter'ka-late, Worcester ; m-dek'o-rua, [ In-de-ko rus. in-dis'pu-ta-bl, In-dos'e-bl. In-dos'il. in'fan-tile. in'fan-til. In-fek'und. in-jen'yus. in-je'ne-us. in-grano-'. In-bab'jl. ' in-Im'e-kaL ln-e-ml'kal. in-8ld'e-u9. In'su-lar. in-ter'ka-la-re. in-ter'ka-late. in-ter'po-late, in-ter'po-late. in-ter'stis, In-va-leed', in-vid'e-us, r-stas. •'stjs. In-va-leed'. ir-rash'o-nal, ir-rashty-BijJ, ir-rash'un-aL Jr-rash'un-al, C In'ter-8 I jn-ter's In-va-lt in-vld'e-ua. ir-rash'un-al. IR-REF'U-TA-BLE, IR-RE-FOT'A-BLE, JAQK'AL, JAL'AP, JON'QUIL, JUNIOR (jun'yur), 1 Ir-re-fu'ta-bl, » ir-ref 'u-ta-bl, jak-kall', jallup, jun-kwfl', ju'ne-ur, | Ir-re-fu'ta-bl, Ir-re-fu'tR-N, Ir-ref'u-Ofc bL Ir-re-f&'ta-bl, 5 KeEL'SON (kel'sun), keel'sun, KNOWL'EDGE ? nolledje, (nollej), La'€ON-ISM, LAN'DAU, LAR'YNX, LAUD'A-NUM, LAITREL, LA'VA, LEG-A-TOR', legend, LeG'END, LEGEND-A-RY, LEG'IS-LA-TtVE, LEG'IS-La-TOR, LEG'IS-La-TURE (led'jis-lat-yur), LEISURE (le'zhur or lezh'ur), LEP'O-RINE, L EP'O-RINE, LEST, LEVER LS-CEN'TIATE, n., LIEu-TEN'ANT (lu- ten'ant or lef-ten'- ant), 5ATH, OTH, US'TRING, 5 noledje, lakT^Q-nizm, lan-daw', la'rynx, lod'a-num, lor'ril, la'va, leg-ga-tor', > le'jend, led'jen-da-re, led'jis-la-tiv, led'jis-la-tur, > led'jis-la-chure, • le'zhure, • lep'pQ-rine, lest, lest, le'vur, II sen'she-ate, jak-all', jal'up, jun-kwfl', ju'ne-ur, keel'sun, kel'sun, | nolledje, lak'o-nizm, lan-daw 7 , lar'ynx, law'da-num, law'rel, le-ga'tur, le'jend, lej'en-da-re, lej'is-la-tlv,' lej-is-la'tur, lej-is-la'ture, le'zhur, lep'g-rine, lest, le'ver, H-sen'she-at, jak-all', jallup, jung-kwfl', jQ'ne-ur, > keel'sun, nolledje, lakTiQ-nlzm, lan-daw*, la'rynx, lod da-num, lor'rel, la'vaj leg-ga-t5r', le'jend, le'jen-da-re, le'jis-la-tiv, le'jis-la-tur, le'jis-lat-yur, l§'zbur, lep'po-rine, lest, le'ver, U-s6n'she-ate, lev-tgn'nant^ liv-ten'ant, lii-tSn'ant, jloth, lus'strtng, MACTlO-eOSM, maTtro-kozm, MAL'€ON-TENT, male'kgn-tent, MILL (a walk), mal, MAM'MIL-LA-RY, mam'mil-la-re, WAN'TU-A (man'tu-a or man'tu), J man'chu-a, loth, ma/kro-kozm, mal-k(jn-tenf, mal, taam-mil'a-re, mam'mil-a-re, mantu, loth, lus'trmg, mak'rQ-kozm, mal-kpn-tent', mall, mel, > mam'mil-la-re, man'tu-a, jak'all, jol'lup, : jon-keel', cn6n-keel', Jun'yur, keel'sun, taolej, oSl^ lak'. lan-daw', lar'ynx, lod'a-nfiaa, la'rel, la'va, la'va, le-ga'tur, le'jend, led'jen-da-it>, lej'is-la-fiv, ' lej'is-la-tur, lej'is-latyur, le'zhur, lep'Q-rin, lest, le'vur, ll-sens'yat, lef-ten'nant, loth, lu'string, malcro-kSzm, mal-k(?n-tenf, mal, mall, mam-mfl'a-re, man'tu, jak'all, jal'ap, > jungliwfl, ju'ne-ur, kel'sun, nSl'edje, Ir-re-fufa-bl, Ir-ref'u-ta-bL jak'all. jal'ap. jon-kwil'. jun'yur. C kSl'sun. I keel'sun. nol'ej. lak'o-nizm, lan'dBW, lar'ynx, lod'a-num, lor'el, la'va, leg-ga-tor' Ink p-nlzm. lan-daw'. lar'ynx, la'rynx C law'da-num. ) lod'a-num. lor'el, law^reL la'va, la'va. ' leg-a-tor'. led'jend, le'jend, lej'end. lgd'jen-dai- -^ lej'is-la-tlv, Isj'js-la-tur, lej'en-da-re. lej'is-la-tav. lej'is-la-tur. lej'is-la-tur, ldd'jis-lat-yre 16'xhur, le'shu*. ?ep'o-rine, lest, le'ver, ll-sen'she-ate, C l§p>-r\D« I lep'9-da lest le'ver. H-sen'she-t* lev-tSn'ant, ( lev-ten'ant. 5 lu-ten'ant loth, lus'trlng, loth. C lus'trjng. I luf string. ma.'krQ-kozm, ma/kro-kdzm. malTipn-tent, mal'k(?n-tent mal, mal. mam'mil-la-re, mam'mil-la-re. man'tu, " 5 m § n ^' a - ' "" ' l man'tu- Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester ir-ter'po-la-tur, in-tSr'po-la.-tur, in-ter'pQ.la-tur, Jn-teVpo-la-tur, in-tSr'pQ.la-tpr, in-ter'pQ-la-tor. S-re-SS'lS 1, lir-re-frftgra-bl, ir-ref 'fra-ga-bL r-rSfra-ga-bl, Jr-rgfra-ga-bl, Jr-refra-ga-tji. SY^opsrs. xvn Webster. MAR-A-NX'THA, MA-RAUDER, MARTGoLD, MaR'MO-SET, MXR'MOT, MA-THe'SIS, MAT'RI-CIDE, xMATRON, MATRON-AL, MATTJ-RA-TiVE, MiUND'ER, MAUND'ER, ME-D1C1N-AL, MED1-CINE, MEDTJL-LA-RY, MeL'IOR-aTE, ME-Lo'DI-OUS, MEM'OIR (mem'- wor), MEN-AG'E-RIE (men-azh'e-ry), MEN'AO-E-RY (men'a-jer-ry), MEN'SU-RA-BLE (men'shu-ra-blj, MER'€AN-TlLE, ME-RID'I-AN, MES'SIEURS (mesh'yerz), MET'^L (meftl), MET'AL-LlNE, MET'AL-LUR-OY, Me'TE-OR, MET'O-NYM-Y, ME-TON'Y-MY, MEZ-ZO-TINT'O (mez-zo- or med- zo-), MICH'ER, MI-€R0GRA-PHY, MID'WIFE-RY, MIN'A-TO-RY, MIN'IA-TURE (min'e-tttr or mm'- e-a-tur), MIN'UTE (min'it), AH-SOG'Y-NY, McBlLE, MON'AD, MON'AS-TER-Y, MO-NOP'TOTE, MY, Walker. mar-a-nath'a, ma-ro'dur, mar're-gold, mar-mp-zef, mar-moof, ma-the'sis, maftre-side, ma'trun, ; mafrp-nal, > ma-tro'nal, ' mich'u-ra-tiv > man'dur, i me-dis'e-nal, ; med-e-si'nal, med'de-sin, med'ul-lar-e, mele-p-rate, ; me-lo'de-us, me-16'je-us, > mi-moir 7 , \ mem'war, men-azhe-ur-e'. me-na'zhe-re. men-azh-er-e', me-na'zhe-re, men-azh'er-e, J me-na'zhe Perry. mar-an-a'tha, ma-ro'der, mar'e-gold, mar-mp-zef, mar-mof, ma-the'sis, ma'tre-side, ma'trun, ma'trun-al, mat'run-al, ma-tii'ra-tiv, mawn'der, > me-dis'e-nal, med'e-sin, me-dulla-re, mele-Q-rate, > me-lo'de-us, mem'oir, me-nioir', Jameson. mar-a-nath'a, ma-raw'der, mar'e-gold, mar-mQ-zef, mar'mpt, ma-the'sis, math'e-sis, maftre-side, ma'trun, • ma'trp-nal, mat'u-ra-tiv, man'der, me-di3'e-nal, med-e-si'nal, med'de-sin, med'ul-lar-e, me'le-o-rate, me-lo'de-us. me-moir*, mem'war. Knowles. mar-a-na'tha, ma-raw'der, ma're-gold, mar-m.Q-zef, mar'mQt, > math'e-eis, maftre-slde, ma'trun, ma'trun-aL mafu-ra-tiv, mawn'der, > me-dis'jn-al, med'sin, me-diil'ur-e, mel'yo-rate, me-lod'yus, > mem'war, Smart. mar-an-ath'a, ma-raw'der, mar'e-gold, mar'mQ-zet, mar-mof, ma-the'sis, mafre-side, ma'trpn, ma'trQn-aL mafu-ra-tiv, man'der, Worcester mar-a-nath'a ma-rawd'er. mar'e-gold. mar-mp-sef C mar'mpt. ( mar-mof. ma-the'sis. mafre-side. ma'trpn. C maf rpn-aL I ma'trpn- al. mafu-ra-liv, m&n'der. me-dis'e-nal, me-dis'e-naL me-dullar-e, m$d'ul-la-r§. mel'yo-rate', meTyp-rato. me-lo'de-iis. me-lo'de-us, mem'war, me-moir'. mem'war me-na'zhe-re. men'shu-ra-bl, men'su-ra-bl, merTcan-til, me-rid'e-an, > mes'seerz, meftl, mefal-ine, mefal-ur-je, me'te-ur, me-tSn'e-me, me-rid'e-an, mesh'sheerz, mefal, C me-talline, I mefal-line, met-tallur-je, me'te-ur, C me-ton'e-me, ( met' p-nim-e, met-sp-tin'to, mefsp-tin'to, met-zo-tm'to, mi'chur, mi-krog'ra-fe, mid'wif-re, min'na-tur-e, mich'ur, mi-krog'ra-fe, mi-krog'ra-fe, midlf-re, midlf-re, . min'e-ture, min'nit, mm'nute, me-sod'je-ne, mp-beel', mon'nad, mo'nad, mon'na-stre, mon'nas-ter-e, mon'npp-tote, mp-nop'tote, mi, me, mina-to-re, min'e-a-tiire, me-soj'e-ne, mg-beel', mi'na-tur-e, min'e-ture, mis-6d'je-ne, mp-beel', men'shu-ra-bl, mer'kan-tile, me-rid'yan, mes'sieurz, mefal, me-tanine, mefal-line, mefal-lur-je, me'te-ur, I mSf Q-nim-e, C mez-o-tln'to, I mefzQ-tin'to, mich'ur, mT-krg-graf'e, mid'wif-re, min'a-tur-e, men'shu-ra-bl, mens'yu-ra-bl merTian-tile, merTian-tfl. me-rid'e-an, me-rid'e-an. mes'yerz, mefal, • mef al-hn, mefal-lur-je, me'te-Qr, mefp-nim-e, > mgt-zp-tan'to, mich'er, mi-krog'ra-fe, mid'wif-re, min'a-tor-e, min'ya-tyur, min'e-ture, NI'TION-AL (na'- > - , , , S hun-ornash'un-),l nasllun ^' NAT'U-RAL, nafchu-ral, Na'TURE (nafyur), na'chure, NF/ER (nare), nare, N E-GG'TIa-TOR, ne-go'she-a-tur, N E P'O-TISM, ngp'Q-tiz'm, No'MEN-GLl-TtJRE.i NONE (none or nun), nun, NOOSE (nooz), n., noose, NOTHING, ? - + ,„ NOTHING, J nothing, No'VEN-A-RY, nov'en-a-re, mon'as-ter-e, • mon'nQp-tote, mi, nash'un-al, nafu-ral, nafyur, nare, nare, ne-go'she-a-tur, ne-go'she-a-tur, ne'po-tizm, ..... • mon'as-ter-e, mon'op-tote, mp-nop'tote, mi, nash'un-al, nafu-ral, na'ture, OB'DU-RATE, a., DB-I)U'RATE, a., 0-BE'DI-ENCE, O-BEl'SANCE, O-BEI'SANCE, OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, O-BLIoE', < v-)B-LIQUE' (ob-liVe' or ob-leok'), > ob'ju-rate, 5 pb-du'rate, p-be'je-ens, oble-ga-tur-re, P-blidje', p-bleedje', • pb-like', nun, noose, nuth'ing, n5v'en-a-re, > Qb-du'rate, p-be'de-ens, p-be'sans, nun, nooze, nuth'ing, nov'en-a-re, pb-du'rate, p-be'de-ens, p-ba'sans, oble-ga-tp-re, oble-ga-tur-e, p-bleeje', p-blije', ^ p-blidje', pb-leek', pb-hk', pb-leek', min'it, me-sog'e-ne, mp-beel', mo'nad, mon'as-ter-e, mg-nop'tote, mi, ; na'shun-al, nash'un-al, nafyur-al, nafyur, nare, ne-go'she-a-tur, ne'pp-tlzm, nun, nooze, nuth'ing, no'ven-er-e, pb-du'rpt, p-bed'yens, p-ba'sans, 6ble-gat-p-re, p-blije', ^ pb-like', ( pb-leek', min'iite, collog. min'it, mis-od'je-ne, mob'il, mon'ad, ' mon'as-ter-e, collog. mon'- ! as-tre, mon'pp-tote, mi, often me, > nash'un-al, nafchu-ral, na'ture, collog. na'chur, nare, urz. mes'yerz. met'fi, mef aL mefal-line. mefaWur-je. me'te-Qr. me-ton'e-me. mefp-nim-e. med-zp-tin'to. mez-zp-tin'to. mich'er. mi-krog'ra-fe. mid'wif-re. min'a-tp-re. min'ya-ture. min'e-a-tiire. > min'ut, min'it. me-soj'e-ne. mp-beei' mon'ad. mon'as-t6r-e. mon'Qp-tote. mi, me. nash'un-al. nafyu-raL nafyur. nare. ne-go'she-a-tpr, ne-go'she-a-tur nep'Q-tizm, nep'Q-tizm. nun. nooze, noose. nuth'ing. nov'ena-re. nun, nooze, nuth'ing, nov'en-a-re, ob'dii-rate, p-be'de-ens, Q-ba'sans, 6b'du-rate. Qb-du'ratc. Q-be'de-6ns. p-ba'sans. p-be'sans. 6ble-ga-tpr-e. oble-ga-tQ-re. P-blije', p-blije', p-bleeje pb-leek', pb-lik', pb-leek Walker. Perry. nom-en-kla'chure no-men-kla'ture, Jameson. Knotcles. Smart. no-men-klate'yur, no-men-klate'ynr. n5'mpnkla-ture. Worcester. no'men-klate-yur. &7111 Webster Walker. Perry. OCTOdE-NA III O'DI-OUS, CE-TL'IAD (e-il'yad , OPH-THAL'MI€(of OP'TA-TIVE, ORAN-6ER-Y, OR'CHEri-TRA, OR'DE-AL, OR'DI-NA RY, OR'THO-E-PY, o-YEZ' (o-yesO, PA-CIFIC-A-TOR, Fa'6EANT (pa'jent or paj'ent), PI'dEANT-RY, PI6'EANT-RY, PAL'FREY, PAN-E- pa tre-ut, > pa'trun, pafrg-nal, > pa'trun-es, pansh, pe-kule-ur, pa'trun, pafrun-al, pa'trun-es, panch, pe-kule-ur, pe-ku'ne-ur-e, pe-ku'ne-a-re, ped'dal, pe'dal, pe'dal, ped-dg-bap'tlzm, pe-dg-bap'tizm, pen'te-koste, pen'te-kost, per'du-ra-bl, ...... per'rem-tur-e, per-em'tg-re, per-emp tg-re, per'emp-tg-re, per'fekt per-ffune', per'fume, per-funk'tur-e, per-funk'tg-re, • per'mit, per-mif, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate, per'fekt, ■ per'fume, pe'tal, pef al, falanks, fal'anks, far-ma-su'tik, fil'g-mel, fleg'ma-tik, flg-jis'tgn, flg-gis'tgn, pers, pers, piz'mir, pla'ka-bL pla'ja-re, plafe-na, plafg-nist, , ple'yadz, £ plen'a-re, I ple'na-re, plen'che-us, plik'a-chure, p611e-the-izm, pgz-zes', poz'zes-sur-e, posfhu-mus, > pos-til'yun, pufh'er, powr, pref'fek-ture, >preTla-se, > prSlat, pet'al, fal'anks, falanks, far-ma-ku'tjk, fil'g-mel, fleg-mat'jk, flg-jis'tun, flo-gis'tiin, pers, pis'imr, plak'a-bl, pla'je-a-re, plafg-nist, ple'yadz, > pl^u'a-re, plen'te-us. pli'ka-ture, pol-e-tbe'izm, pgz-zgs', poz'zes-sg-re, postliu-mua, pos-til'yun, pufh'er, por, pre-fek'ture, prel'a-se, prel'ato, pa'je-ant, pad'j'ent, ; C pa'je-an-tre, I pad'jen-tre, pal'fre, pan-e-jer'ik, pap'pil-a-re, pa-pfllus, par-al'g-jizm, pas'te, pat'eiit, pa'tent, pa'tre-ut, pa'trun, pa-tro'nal, pa'trun-es, pansh, pe-kule-er, pe-ku'ne-a-re, pe'dal, ped'dal, pe-dg-bap'tizm, pen'te-kost, per'du-ra-bl, per'rem-tur-e, i per-em'tg-re, J C per'fekt, \ I per-fekf, i [ per'fume, per-mit', per-tur'bate, pe'tal, • falanks, far-ma-su'tjk, filg-mel, fleg'ma-tik, flo-jis'ton, flg-gis'tgn, pers, piz'mir, pla'ka-bl, pla'je-a-re, plafe-na, pla'tg-nist, pla'yadz, ple'na-re, plen'te-us, plik'a-ture, polle-the-izm, pgz-zes',' p5z'zes-sur-e, postliu-mus, pos-til'yun, pofli'er. pore, ' pre'fek-ture, preTla-se, prellat, KnowUs. gk-to^e-na-re, od'yus, g-el'yad, gf-thal'mik, op'ta-liv, or'an-jer-e, orlies-tra, 6r'de-al, 8r'de-na-re, 6r-tho'e-pe, 6'yls, pa-sif'jk-a-tur, \ paj'ent, | paj'ent-re, pal'fre, pan-e-jer'ik, pa-pil'er-e, pa-pillus, pai-'a-lg-jizm, pas'te, pafent, pa'tre-ut, pa'trun, pa'tru n - a li pafrg-nes, pawnch, pe-kul'yur, pe-kun'yer-e, ped'al, pe-dg-bap'tizm, pen'te-kost, per'du-ra-bl, per'emp-tur-e, per'fekt, per-fume', perTunk-tur-e, per'mit, per-tur'bate, pe'taL falanks, far-ma-ku'tik, fll'y-mel, fleg-mafik, flg-jis'tgn, pers, pis'mir, pla'ka-bl, pla'jer-e, plafe-na, pla'tgnist, pli'adz, plen'er-e, plen'tyus, plik-a-ture', pg-le'the-izm, puz-zes', puz-zes'ur-e, p5sfhu-mus, post-il'yun, pofh'er, pore, pre'fek-tyur, prel'a-se, prel'et, WorcesttT, 6'de-us, od'yus, o'dyus, o'de^us il'yad, gp-thal'mik, op'ta-tiv, or'an-jer-e, gr-kes'tra, or'de-al, or'de-na-re, orthg-e-pe, 6-yes', ' e-il'yad, el'yad. C gp-thal'mjk. ' \ gf-thal'mjk. op'ta-tir. or'an-jer-e. C oi^kes-trau I gr-kes'tra. or'de-al. CBr'de-na-r^a.&a I 6rd'na-re, n. 6r'thg-e-pe. 6-yes'. C paj'ent I pa'jent. pad'jant, pad'jan-tre, pal'fre, pan-e-jer^k, pap'il-lar-e, pap'il-lus, par-al'g-jizm, pas'te, pafent, pa'tre-gt, pa'trgn, pa'trgn-al, pa'trgn-es, panch, pe-kule-ar, pe-ku'ne-a-re, ped'al, pe-dg-bap'tizm, pe-dg-bap'tizm pen'te-kost, pen'te-kost. per'du-ra-bl, per'du-ra-bl. per'em-tgr-e, per'emp-tg re. paj'en-tre. pal'fre, pal'fre pan-e-jiVik. pap';l-la-re. C pa-pillus. " I pap'il-lus. pa-ral'o-jizm. pas'te, pas'te. pafent, pa'tent. pa'tre-ot pa'trgn. pafro-nal. pa'trgn-es. panch, pawnch C pe-kul'yar. I pe-kule-ar. K pe-kun'ya-re. I pe-ku'ne-a-re. ped'al. per'fekt, per'fekt. „^<>- ma , ? p er-fume'. per-fume, j ^ ffime . per'funk-tg-re, per'mit, per-tur'bate, pet'al, fal'anks, far-ma-su'tik, fil'g-mel, fleg-mafik, flg-jls'tgn, pers, piz'mir, pla'ka-bl, pla'je-re, plafe-na, pla'tg-nist, ple'yadz, ple'na-re, plen'te-us, plik'a-ture, pol'e-the-izm, pgz-zes ; , pgz-zes'sgr-e, posfhu-mus, pos-til'yun, pofh'er, pore, pre'fekt-ure, prel'a-se, prel'ate, per-funk'tg-re. per'funk-tg-re. per'mit, per- mil per-tur'bate. pef al, pe'tal. C falanks. I fal'anks. far-ma-sii'tik. fil'g-mel. C fleg-mafik. I flSg'ma-tik. flg-jis'tgn. pers, pers. piz'mir, pis'mir pla'ka-bl. C pla'je-a-re. [ pla'ja-re. plafe-na. pla'tg-nist ple'yadz. C plen'a-re. I ple'na-re. plen'te-us. plik'a-ture. pol'e-the-izns pgz-zes'. f poz-zes'so-re. I poz'zes-sg-re posfhu-mus. pos-til'yun pofh'er. pore. pref'ek-ture prel'a-se. prel'at Walker. > preTude, S prem'yer, prem'mu-ni-re, \ pres'saje, I pre'she-ens, I pre-teksf , C pri-mor'de-al, I pri-mor'je-ai, C pri'va-se, I prlv'a-se, priv'a-tiv, prob'a-tur-e, > pro-seedz', Webster. r/?.£T r JDE, PUELUDE, PREMIER (prem' yer). PREMU-Nl'RE, PRe'SaGE, PRES'A6E, PRe'SCT-ENCE PRE-TEXT, PRETEXT, PRl-MOR'DIAL PRl'VA-CY, PRIV'A-TIVE, PRO'BA-TO-RY, PRO-CEEDS', PRo'GEEDS, P prSf, (Pr5 ' fil ° r H* «**• *** prol-o-ku'tur, •prol' ra'de-ant, > ra'de-ate, > ra'de-us, ra'zjn, rar'e-te, raze, raspTier-e, rat-a-fe'a, RATH'ER, rafh'er, ra'fher, rafh'er, RA-TIOC-I-NaTION.3 RaTION-AL (ra'- ) shun-al or rash'- >r4sh'un-al, rash'un-al, un-al), ) RA-TTONaLE (ra-) shun-ale or rash- s rash-e-o-nale', rash-e-p-nale, un-ale),' $ RE-CEPTA-€LE, {ggggg' H - **^ AE-CEPTO-RY, res'ep-tur-e, re-sep'tQ-re, RE-^OG'NI-ZANCE ) (re-kog'ne-zana or Vre-k5g'ne-zans, re-kon'e-zans, re-kdn'e-zans^, ) kwQ-tid'e-an, kwo'shent, ra'de-ant, ra'de-ate, ra'de-us, ra'zin, ra're-te, raze, ras'ber-e, rat-a-fe'a^ ra'fher, rash'un-al, ra-she-Q-nale, re-sep'ta-kl, tiz-zan', pu'js-sans, pum'js, pus'tule, pig-me'an, pe-ri'tez, pi'ro-man-se, pi'rp-tek-ne, kwam, kwam, kwgn-da're, ka, ke, kwin-tes'sens, kwote, kwoth, kwo-tid'yan, kwo'shent^ rad'yant, pu'is-sans, pu'mis, pus'tuL pig-me'an, pe-ri'tez, pifo-man-se, pir'p-tek-ne, kwam, ♦ kwQn-da're, ke, kwin-tes'sens, kwot, kwuth, kwQ-tid'e-an, kwo'shent, ra'de-ant, ra'de-at, rad'yat, ra'de-ate, rad'yus, ra'zjn, rar'e-te, raze, rase, razTber-e, rat-a-fe'a, rafh'er, rash'un-al rash-un-ale, re-sgp'ta-kl, re-sep'tur-e, ra'de-us, ra'zn, ra're-te, raze, raz'ber-e, pro i prol'p-ku-tQr. prol'og. C prom'ul-ga-tpr. 1 1 prom-ul-ga'tpr pro-so'de-an. profa-sis. pro'test, profest prow, pro. prow'es. t4z-zan', tiz'an. pu'is-sans. C pu'mis. I pum'mis. piis'tul, pnst yu* pig-me'an. pe-ri'tez. pir'Q-man-se. pifo-tek-ne. kwam, kwam C kwon-da're. I kwon'da-re. ke. C kwm-tes sens. I kwin'tes-sens. kwot. kwuth, kwotfa. kwQ-tid'e-an. kwo'shent. ra'de-ant ra'de-ate. ra'de-us ra'zn. (tihn. raze, rase, raz'ber-e. C rat-a-fe'a, col- > rat-a-fe'a. I log. rat-a-fe', > rat-a-fe' ra'fher, rash'un-al, ra-she-p-nale, re-sep'ta-kl, re-sep'tur-e, 53SS3T }«»*** ans, re-kog'ne-zars, rafh'er rash'un-al. rash-e-o-na'le. re-sep'ta-kl. ros'pp-tp re. re-sep'tQ-re. re-k6g*ne-zans. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. prp-nuJi-she-a'shfl...,prQ-nun-se-a'sbtin, pro-pis>b :-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-mm-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, prp-nun-se-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shim, pro-pish-e-a'sh«in, pro-pish-e-a'shun, Worcester. prp-nun-she-a'shvn prp-pish-e ■• 'rash-e-ds-fc-^a'shun, rash-e-os-e-na'shun, ra-she-os-e-na'shyn, ra-se-6-sin-a'shun, rash-e-6s-$-na'shun, rash-e 6s-e-nashya SYNOPSIS. Websicr. Walker. Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester RE€'OG-NlZE(rek'- ) og-nize or rek'o- > rek'pg-nlze, rek'pn-ize, rek'pg-nize, rek'og-nize, rek'pg-nize, rgkpg-nize. RE-€0'»-NI-ZOR' (re-lci ig-ne-zor* or ^ re-kog-ne-zor', re-kon'e-zdr, re-kog-ne-zor*, re-kon-e-zor', re-kog-ne-zor', re-kog-ne-zd re-k6n-e-z6r'), RE€'ON-DlTE, rek'pn-dite, re-kon'dit rek'on-dite, re-kon-dite', re-kon'dit, C rek'pn-dite. 1 re-kon'djt. REG'ORD, c rek'prd, | re-kord', c re-kii'zant, I rek'ku-zant, '• rek'prd, rek'prd, rek'prd, rek'prd, rek'prd. RE-€0'SANT, . re-ku'zant, re-ku'zant, rek'ku-zant, rek'u-zant, C re-ku'zant I rek'u-zant RE.FE€T'0-RY, f re-fek'tur-e, I ref'ek-tur-e, • re-fek'tp-re, re-fek'tur-e, re-fek'tur-e, re-fek'tur-e, re-fek'tp-re. RE-FRa'GA-BLE, REF'RA-GA-BLE, RE-MED'I-LESS, } refra-ga-bl, '■ rem'e-de-les, re-frag'a-bl, ref'ra-ga-bl, re-med'e-les, S ref'ra-ga-bl, rem'e-de-les, refra-ga-bl, rem'e-de-les, refra-ga-bl, rem'e-de-les, ref'ra-ga-bl. C rem'e-de-les. 1 re-med'e-les. re-mors'. RE-MORSE', C re-mors', I re-morse', re-mors', re-morse', > re-mors', re-mors', re-mors', REN'DEZ-VOUS (ren'de-voo), > ren-de-vooz', ren'de-vooz, ren-de-vooz', ron'de-voo, ren'de-voo, C ren'de-voo. 1 ren-de-vooz'. REN'I-TEN-CY, re-ni'ten-se, ren'e-ten-se, re-ni'ten-se, re-ni'ten-se, re-ni'ten-se, re-ni'ten-se. RE-NUN-C1-a'TION.i REP'ER-TO-RY, rep'er-tiir-e, rep'er-tp-re, rep'er-tur-e, rep'er-tur-e, rep'er-tiir-e, rep'er-tp-re. RE-SIL'I-ENCE, re-zil'e-ens, re-zil'e-ens, re-zil'e-ens, le-sil'yens, re-zil'e-ens, re-zil'e-ens. RE-SPTR'A-BLE, res'pe-ra-bl, re-spir'a-bl, r6s'pe ra-bL re-spir'a-bL re-spir'a-bL RE-TaIL', v., re-tale', re-tale', re-tale', re-tale', re-tale'/ re-tale'.' Re'TaIL, n., re'tale, re'tale, re'tale, re-tale', re'tale, r4'tale. RET'I-NUE, {£*£& * refe-nu, } re-tin nu, $ C ret'e-nii, I re-tin'nu, > ref e-nii, refe-nu, refe-nu. RE-TRJB'UTE, re-trib'ute, re-trib'ute, re-tiib'ute, refre-bute, re-trib'ute, re-trib'ute. REV'fc-NuE, C rev'e-nu, ' I re-ven'nu, ; rev'e-nu, C rev'e-nu, I re-ven'nu, rev'e-nu, re-ven'u, I rev'e-nu, rSVe-nu. REV'E-RIE, REV'ER-Y, > reVer-e, < rev'e-re, rev-e-re', > rev-er-e', rev-er-e', rev-er-e', C rev'e-ns. \ rev-e-re'. RE- VOLT, re-volf, re-volf, re-volf, re-volf, re-volf, re-volf, re-volf, re-v6U RHOMB rumb, rumb, romb, romb, romb, rumb. RTGHT'EOUS (ri chue), " I ri'che-us, ri'che-us, ri'te-us, rifyus, rx^i^ RIS'I-BLE, Rl'SI-BLE, > riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bL RO-MANCE', rp-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', rp-mans', rp-mans', rp-mans'. :tOQ'UE-LAUR (rok'e-lor), Ro'SE-ATE (ro'zhe ate), I rok-e-lor*, rok'e-16, roklor, rok-e-lor*, rok-e-lor'. * > ro'zhe-at, ro'zhe-at ro'zhe-at, ro'ze-at, V^T"-]™^ ROUTE, ROUTE, > rout, rot, rout, rout, rot; rot, rot, rot rout SAB'A-OTH, sab'a-oth, 6a-ba'Qth, eab'a-oth, sa-ba'pth, sa-ba'pth, J sa-ba'pth. \ sao'a-6th. saffurn, &af 'rue SAF'FRON, saffurn, saffurn, 8afrun, saffrun, saf'run, SAGITTAL, sad'je-tal, sad'je-tal, sad'je-tal, sa-jiftal, sad'je-tal, saj'it-tal. Sa'LI-ENT, sa71e-ent, sale-ent, sale-ent, sal'yent, sa'le-ent, sale-ent SA-LlNE', sa-line', saline, sa-line', sa-line', sa-line', sa-line', sa-line'. SA-LI'VAL, C sal'e-val, I sa-li'val, sal'e-val, 6a-li'vaL S sa-li'val, sa-li'val, sa-li'val, sa-li'val. SA-LI'VOUS, C sa-li'vus, I sal'e-vus, sal'e-vus, sa-li'vus, > sa-li'vus, sa-U'vus, 6a-li'vus, sa-li'vus. SiLVE (sav), salv, sav, salv, sav, sav, sav, sav, salv. SAP'PHTRE (saffire 1 -»«» orsaf'ter), {saiijr, saffire, saffir, saPeer, saffir, saffjr. SaR'DO-NYX, sar'dp-niks, sar'dp-niks, sar'do-niks, sartp-niks, sar'dp-niks, sar'dp-niks. SATIRE, C sa'tur, safur, \ I sa'tare, safire, J sa'tur, sa'tur, Eafjr, safer, C sa'tur. ' satlr. ( safur. SATURN, sa'turn, safurn, safurn, sa'turn, sa'turn, sa'turn, safurn, safurn. Sa'TYR, sa'tur, safur, 6a'tur, sa'ter, sa'tir, sa'tur, safur, sa'tur, safjr. SAUN'TER(san'ter) C san'tur, ' ] ' I sawn'tur, J sawn'tur, ean'ter, sawn'tur, san'ter, ean'ter, san'ter. SAUSAGE, C saw'sidj, i I sas'sidj, J saw'saje, saw'saje, sos'ej, saw'saje, saw'saje. S€ATH, skath, skath, skath, " skath, skath. 8€HED'ULE, ( sed'jul, I 6ked'jul, sked'uV sed'ul, sked'iil, shed'ul, | shed'ul, shed'ul, C sked'yU < shed'yul. ( sed'yul. SCHIS-MATT€, siz'ma-tik, siz-mafik, »., siz'ma-tik, sjz-mafik, C siz'ma-tik, n., 1 siz-mafik, a., siz'ma-tik, n. siz-mafik, n. &a 6Cl-OM'A-€HY sl-om'a-ke, si-om'a-ke, si-6m'a-ke, si-6m'e-ke, si-6m'a-ke. S£'€RE-TO-RY, se-kre'tur-e, selcre-tp-re, selo-e-tur-e, se-kre'tur-e, se-kre'tpr-e, C se-kre'tp-re. 1 se'kre-tp-re. SE-MIP'E-DAL, ee-mip'e-dal, sem-e-pe'dal se-mip'e-dal, sem'e-pe-dal, sem-e-ped'aL C sem-e-pe'dal I se-mip'e-daL sen'es-shal. SEN'ES-CHAL, een'es-kal, sen'e-shal, sen'e-shaL sen'es-shal. sen'esh-al, SE-QUES-TRI'TOR, sek-wes-txa'tur, se-kwes-ti-a'tur, seTswes-tra-tur sek-wes-tra'tur, sek'wes-tra-tpr, sek'wes-tra-tpr SER-Pl'GO, j ser-prgo, ) I ser-pe'gp, $ ser'pe-go, ser-pe'go, ser-pe'gp, ser-pe'gp, C ser-pi'go. ) ser-ne'eo. SES-QUIP'E-TJAL, ses-kwip'pe-dal, ses-kwip'e-dal ses-kwe-pe'dal, ses-kwe-pe'dal, " ees-kwip'e-dal SEWER (a ar3Tr^, shore, shore, shore. soo'ur, soor. eoo'er, shore. SEX'A- shere, shive, shon, si'ren, safra, sher-bef, shere, eher-bef, shire, sher'bet, shire, sherbet, shere, C sherbet I sher-bf.f. shere, shi SHIVE, SHONE, SI'REN, SIR'RAH, shive, shun, si'ren, sar'rah, shive, shon, si'ren, ser'ra, shive, shon, shon, si'ren, ear's, shive, shon, si'ren, ser'ra, shi re. Bbon, sh.6r> si t pn. s&" ah, sii ioh SIR'UP, surYup, sir'up, ser'rup, sur'up, {"SPW,"** I SLAB'BER, C slabW, I slob'bur, > slobber, slabber, elob'ur, i slabber, colloq \ slob'ber, Sslabher. SLOTH, SLOTH, I sloth, sloth, sloth, sloth, sloth, sloth. So'CIA-BLE, so'she-a-bl, so'she-a-bl. so'she-a-bl, so'sha-bl, so'she-a-bl, so'she-a-bl. So'JOURN, SO-J6URN', > so'jurn, so'jurn, so-jurr l', so'jurn, C so-jurn', v., \ so'jurn, n., > so'jura, so'jurn. SOL'DER, sol'dur, sol'der, Bol'der, saw'dur, saw'der, sol'der, saw'd^ SOM'BER, SOM'BRE, } some'ber, some'bur, Bomelaur, some'ber. SO-Na'TA, SOQT, SOU-CHONG', SOUS (soo), so-na'ta, soot, sow-chong', souse, boo, sp-na'ta, sut, soo-shong', soo, so-na'ta, SOQt, sow-chong', soo, sp-na'ta, soot, soo-shong*, soo, so-na'ta, SQpt, soo-shong', SOO, so-na'ta, BOOt, sopt. soo-shong'. soo. SOUTH-EAST', SOUTH'ER-LY, south-eesf, C sufh ur-le, \ soufh'ur-le, south-eesf, > sufh'er-le, south-eesf, sufh'er-le, C south'eesf , I sufh'eesf, sufh'ur-le, S south-eesf, c soufli'er-le, < colloq. sufh' south eesf. - s sufh'er-le. S6UTH'ERN, C soufh'urn, I sufh'urn, > sufh'ern, C soufh'ern, I sufh'ern, > sufh'urn, C soufh'ern, col- \ -*., \ log. sufh'ern, J^flieni. SoUTH'WABD (sufh'ard), ? south'ward, 5 sufh'urd, > sufh'ard, south'ward, south'ward, f south'ward, < colloq. sufh' ( ard, _ / southVard. " i sufli'urd. SPAN'IEL, SPERM-A-Ce'TI, SPIKE'NARD, span'yel, sper-ma-se'te, spike'nard, 6pan'el, sper-ma-se'te, spike'nard, span'yel, sper-ma-se'te, spike'nard, span'yel, sper-m'a-sife, spike'nard, ' span'yel, 8per-ma-se'te, spike'nard, span'yel, span'e, sper-ma-se'te. spike'nard. SPIR'A-€LE (spir-l v „ a-kl or spi'ra-kl), J^a-kJ, SQUIR'REL (skwer'-J k , rel or skwur'rel), j SKWerrel . STl-PEND'I-A-RY, f stj-pen'de-a-re ' j sti-pen'je-a-re, spi'ra-kl, skwer'rel, ' > sti-pen'de-a-re, spir'a-kl, skweVrel, sti-pen'de-a-re Bpi'ra-kl, skwer'rel, , sti-pend'yar-e, spi'ra-kl, skwer'rel, sti-pen'de-a-re C spir'a k'l I spi'ra ki ( skwir'reL < skwer'rel ( skwur'rel. , sti-pen'de-a-re. STiRTtUP, sturYup,' STREW (stru or stro), stro. stru, stro, sterYup, stroo, stur'up, stroo, sterr'up, stroo, stur'up, stii^up sti'oo, stro. STUDIOUS, SUB-AL'TERN, C stu'de-us, I stii'je-us, sub'al-tern, C stib-sid'e-a-re, I sub-sid'je-a-re, sub'sul-tur-e, > stu'de-us, sub'al-tern, > sub-sid'e-a-re, sub-sul'to-re, etii'de-us, sub'al-tern, stiid'yus, C sub-al'tern, I 6ub-al'tern, stu'de-us, > sub'al-tern, stu'de-us. C sub'al-tern. 1 sub-al'tern. SUB-SID'I-A-RY, SUB-SUL'TO-RY, sub-sid'e-a-re, sub-sid'ya-re, sub-sul'tur-e, sub-sid'yar-e, sub-sul'to-re, sub-sfd'e-a-re. C sub'sul-tQ-re.' \ sub-sul'to-re. SU€-CESS'OR, SUG-6EST', C suk'ses-sur, \ suk-ses'ur, sug-jesf. > suk-ses'sur, SBg-jesf, suk-ses'ur, sud-jesf, suk-ses'ur, sud-jesf, suk-ses'spr, sud-jesf, suk-ses'sor. C sug-jesf . 1 sud-jesf. SUITE, sweet, ro-RY.i sii-per-fine', sur-va', sur'va, r Wd, sj6-tem'a-tize, sweet, su'per-fine, sur-va', sord, sweet, sii-per-fine', sur'va, sord, sweet SU-PER-E-ROCA-I StJ'PER-FINE, SUR'VEY, n., SWORD (sword o sord), sii-per-fine', sur'va, sord, sii-per-fine', sur'va, sord, sii-per-fine'. sur'va, sur-va'. sord. SYSTEM-A-TIZE, sis'te-ma-tize, ■ sis'tem-a-tize, sis'tem-a-tize, sis'tem-a-tize, sis'tem-a-tize. TAN'TIV-Y, tan-tiv'e, tan-tiv'e, tan'te-ve, tan-tiv'e, tan-tiv'e, C tan-tiv'e. 1 tan'te-ve. TAP'ES-TRY, TAS'SEL, C taps'tre, ) tap'es-tre, tas'sel, > tap'es-tre, tas'sel, tap'es-tre, x tas'sel, tap'es-tre, fas!, tap'es-tre, tas'sel, tap'es-tre. J tas'sex. } tos'sl. Taunt, Te'DI-OUS, TEN'A-BLE, TEN'ET, TEN'URE, Te'TRaR€H, TET'RAR€H-Y, THERE'FORE (fher'fore or fhare'f'ore), tant, tawnt, tawnt, tant, tawnt, tawnt, te'de-us. te'je-us, te'de-us, te'je-us, te'de-us, ted'yus, ten'a-bl, ten'a-bl, " te'na-bl, ten'a-bl, ten'net, ten'et, te'net, te'net, te'nure, ten'ure, ten'yur, ten'yur, te'trark, tet'rark, te'trark, te'trark, tet'rark, te'trark, tet'rar-ke, te'trar-ke, tefrar-ke, te'trar-ke, I fher'fore, fhare'fore, fhare'fore, f^tStoj, tant, " tant, tawnt te'de-us, te'je-us, te'dyus. ten'a-bl, ten'a-bl. ten'et, ten'et. ten'ure, ten'yur, te'nur, tet'rark, te'trark, tefrar-ke, tefrar-ke. THREE'PENCE K, - , (thrip'ens), jthrepens, FHy, fhi, fhe, 'i T-a'RA, ti-a'ra, TlERCE (ters or K - " ters"), < ters « threp'ens, fhi, ti-ar'a, ters. thrip'ens, fhi, ti-a'ra, ters, thre'pens, fhi, ti-a'ra, ters, C thre'pens, col \ log. thrip'ens fhi, often fhe, ti-ar'a, ters, '- > thre'pens, collcq i, y thrip'enf flii, fhe.' ti-a'ra. ters, ters. TINT, ti'ne, ti'ne, ti'ne. ti'ne, ti'ne, ti'ne. C too-pa'. < too-pe'. ( too-pef. < toor'na-ment. 1 tur'na-ment. 6U-PET (too-pa^ T(*>URN'A-MENT, , too-pef, C toor'na-ment, \ tur'na-meut, too-pe', > toor'na-ment, too-pSf, tdre'na-ment, too-pa' f toor'na-mgnt, too-pa', tore'na-ment, Walker Perry. Jameson. Knowles. Smart. Worcester. s&-per-er'rQ-ga-tur e, su-per-er'o-ga-tS -\ to'ard, to'ard, to'urd, to'ard, to'ard, to'ward. TRa'€HE-A, . tra-ke'a, tra/ke-a, traTie-a, tra-ke a TRaIT, tra, trate, tra, tra, trate, tra, tra, trate, tra. TRANS 'LA-TO-RY trans-la'tur-e, trans-la'to-re, tranz-la'tur-e, trans-lafur-e, trans-la'tor-e, trans-la'to-re. TRAVERSE, adv., tra-vers', trav'ers, trav'ers, trav'era, trav'era, trav'ers. TRAVERSE, prep. tra-vers', trav'ers, trav'ers, trav'ers, trav'era, trav'ers. TREB'LE (trib"j), trgb'bl, treblil, treb'bL trebl, trebl)l, treb'bl. TRE-PHlNE', TRE-P FUNS', > tre-fine', tre-fine', C tre-feen', I tre-fine', > tre-feen', C tre-fine' I fre-feen'. TRIG'LYPH, tri'glif, tri'glif, triglif, tri'glif. tri'glif tri'glif. TRIG'O-NAL, trig'o-nal, trig'o-nal, trig'o-nal, tri'go-nal, trig'o-nal, trig'o-naL TRI'POD, tri'pod. trip'od trip'od, tri'pod. tri'pod, tri'pod, tri'pod, tri'pod. ' TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, tris'sil-la-bL tris-silla-M, tris'sil-la-bL tris-silla-bl, tris-siria-bl, tris'il-la-bl. TRI'UNE, tri-une', triune, tri'une, tri'une, tri'unes, tri'une. TROF'FLE, troo'fl, truffl, troo'fl, troo'fl, trpoffl, troo'fl. TUR'CISM, tur'sizm, turklzm, tur'sizm, tur'sizm. TUR-KOi'«' (tur koiz' or tur-keez') ' [tur-keez*, tur-keez', C tur'kwoiz, I tur-kaze', > tur-keez', tur-keez'. TUR MOIL', tur'moil, tur-moil', tur-moil', C tur'moil, n., 1 tur-moil, v., > tur'moil, tiir'moiL TWo'PENCE (too' pens or tup'pens), I tup'pena, tup'pena, tup'pens, too'pens, C too'pens, col- ) too'pens 1 loq. tup'p ons, > tup'ens . T£-PO-GRAPH'l€-AL.i UM'BRA-TILE, umTira-ta, umTDra-til, um-brafil, um'bra-til, umlira-tfl US'QUE-BAUGH, iis-kwe-ba', us-kwe-baw 7 , us-kwe-baw*, us-kwe-baw, us-kwe-baw*, us kwe baw\ U-TEN'SIL, yu'ten-sil, yu-ten'ajl, yu-ten'sjL yu'ten-sil, yu-ten'sil, C yu-ten'sil. 1 yu'ten-sil VAol-NAL, vaj'in-al, va-ji'naL C va-ji'nal. 1 vaj'e-nal. val'et. ' VAL'ET (vallet or valla), > val'et, va-lef, > van-koor-yeer', val'et, val'et, valla, va-lef, val'a, val'et, VAN-€oU'RI-ER (-koo're-er), van-koo're-a. vang-koor'yer , van-koor'e-er, van-koo'rer. VISE, vaze, vaze, vaze, vaz, vase, vaze, vaze, vase. VAULT, vawlt, vawt, vawlt, vawlt, vawlt, vawt, vawlt, VnWlt. VAUNT, vawnt, vawnt, vawnt, vawnt, vawnt, vawnt, vant. VEN'f-SON (ven'e } ven'zn, 5 ven'e-zn, > ven'zn, C ven'zn, l ven'e-zn, ven'iz-un, ven'e-zn, colloq . ven'zn. zn or ven'zn), ven'zun, ven'zn, ven'e an. VER-MI-CEL'LI ^ (ver-me-chelle or > ver-me-chelle, ver-me-selle, ver-me-chelle, ver-me-chelle, v6r-me-chelle ver-me-cheTe, ver-me-selle), 3 VERTIGO, i ver-ti'go, <. ver-te'go, (. ver'te-go, > ver'te-go, C ver-ti-go', ) ver-te'go, > ver-te'go, ver-te'go, C ver'te-go. < ver-ti'go. (. ver-te'go. VET'ER-I-NA-RY, vgf er-e-na-re, C vef er-e-na-re, ( ve-ter'e-na-re, > vef er-e-na-re, vefer-jn-gr-e, ve'ter-e-nar-e, vefer-e-na-re. C vis'e-nal. \ ve-si'nal. VIC'I-NAL, vis'e-nal, vis'in-al, vis-si'nal vis'e-nal, ve-si'nal, VIC'INE, vislne, vis In, ve-sine', ve-sine', ve-sine', vis'jn. VIN'DI-€A-TIVE, vin'de-ka-rlv, vin-dik'a-tiv, vin'de-ka-tiv, vin'dik-at-iv, vin'de-ka-t;v, C vin'de-ka'rv. ( vjn-dik'a-ii* Vi-O-LON-CEL'LO } (ve-o-lon-chello or ve-o-lon-sello), > ve-o-lon-cbeT16 vi-o-lon-seTlo, ve-o-lon-tseTIo ve- 9 -long-cheno,ve-p-lon.chel'lo,J-;^^Sr VtR'TU, ver-too', vir-tu', veer-too', vir-tu'. VIZ'IER (viz'yer), viz'yer, viz'yer, viz'yer, viz'er, viz'yer, viz'yer, viz'yer. VOL'UME (vol'yum), vol'yume, vol'ume, vol'yume. vol'yum, vol'ume, vol'yum. WaIN'S€OT, wen'skut, wan'skot, wane ekut, C wen'akut, I win'akpt, > wen'skot, wane'skot. WXTST€oAT, WARRIOR (war'- yur), wesTsot, > war'yur, wasfkot, war'yur, worire-ur, C was'kot, I WGS'k.Qt, war'yur, wasfkot, wesTiot, worte-ur, > was'kot, wes'kc war'yur. WaY'LaY, wa-la', wa-la', wala, wala, wala, wala, wa-la' WZRE (w6r, cmphat. ware), >wer, hware'fore, wer, wer, wer, wer, wer. WHERE'FoRE, hware'fore, hware'fore, C hwa.r'fore, I hwer'fore, wind, wind, > hware'fore, wind, hware'fore. WIND, n., wind, wind, wind, wind, wind, wind. WOUND (wound or woond), > woond, wound woond, wound, woond, woond, woond, woond, wound. WRXTH, roth, rath, rawth. rawth, rath, rawth, rath, rawth, rath, rawth. WREATH, reeth, reeth, reeth., reeth, reeth, reeth, reeth, reeth. YEA (ye or ya), ye, ye, ya, ya, ya, ya, ye. Ye APT, yeest, yest, yest, yest, yeest. YELK, yelk. yelk, yoke, yelk, yelk, yelk, yelk. YOLK, yoke, yoke, yoke, yoke, yoke, yoko. ZEAL'OUS (zel'us), zel'us, zelus, zel'us, zellus, zel'us, zellus, zellus. ZE'€HIN, che-keen', zeTdn, che-keen', che'ken , ze'kin, che-keen', zo'kiu Sg'NITH, ze'nith, ze'nith, zen'njth, ze'njth, ze'nith, zen'nith, ze'njth. Walker. Perry. Jameson, Knowles. Smart. Worcester. tip-o-graf' e-kai, tip-o-grafe-kal, fi-po-grafe-kal, tl-pc-grafe-kaL tip-o- grafe-kaL Jg-P^JW " *"• 5 tip-Q-g^ al'e-kai ORTHOGRAPHY OF DR. WEBSTER AS EXHIBITED IN THIS VOLUME. 1. Terminations in our changed into or. — Such words as favor, labor, &,c, formerly ending in our, irop the w One word, however, is here given in both ways, viz., Savior, Saviour. 2. Terminations in ck changed into c. — Words of more than one syllable, ending in ic or iac, which formerly ended m k, have dropped the k, as in music, maniac, &c. Add to these almanac, sandarac, limbec (from alembic) ; also havoc. The k is retained (1) in a few derivatives, as colicky, trafficker, mim- icking, &£., to prevent an erroneous pronunciation ; (2) in all monosyllables, as sick, stick, &c., and hence in their compounds, as candlestick, &e. ; (3) in all other terminations except ic and iac, as in arrack, &c. 3. Terminations in re changed into er. — Such words as centre, metre, &c, with their compounds, have the re changed into er, as center, meter, &c. Some hundreds of words like chamber, cider, diame- ter, &c., have already undergone this change, which is here extended to about twenty more, to com- plete the analogy. Acre, massacre, and lucre are necessarily excepted, because the change would lead to an erroneous pronunciation. The above words, however, are here given in both modes of spelling. 4. Words in which the Final Consonant is not doubled in adding sxich Formatives as ing, ed, er, &c. — ■ It is a rule extending to many hundreds of cases, that, in adding to a word such formatives a. ing, ed, er, &c, a single consonant at the end of a word is doubled when the accent falls on the last syllable, as in forgetting, beginning ; butt's not doubled when the accent falls on any preceding syllable, as in benefiting, gardener, &c This rule has been violated in the case of about fifty words ending in Z, whose deriva- tives have had the I doubled, as traveller, &c. These words are here restored to their true analogous spelling, as recommended by Walker, Lowth, Perry, and others, as in traveling, canceled, leveler, coun- selor, duelist, marvelous, &c. On the same principle,- wo olen is spelled with a single /. It does not in- terfere with this rule that chancellor, and the derivatives of metal and crystal, as metalline, metallurgy, crystalline, crystallize, &c., have the I doubled, since they come directly from the Latin cancellarius and mctallum, and the Greek Kavarald.oc. The above rule is also applied to the derivatives of worship and bias, making them worshiping, worshiped, toorshiper, biasing, biased. Bigoted has already taken its true spelling with but one t, and such should be the spelling ol carbureted, sulphureted, &c. 5. Distinction between Verbs in ize and ise. — Verbs from the Greek i£o, and others formed in analogy with them, have the termination ize, as baptize, legalize, &c. Catechise and exorcise are exceptions, Verbs, and also some nouns, derived directly from the French, with a few from other sources, end in ise, as advertise, advise, affranchise, amoHise, chastise, circumcise, comprise, compromise, criticise, demise, despise, devise, disfranchise, disguise, divertise, emprise, enfranchise, enterprise, exercise, manumise, mer- chandise, misprise (to mistake), premise, reprise (to take again), revise, supervise, surmise, surprise. 6. Terminations in able. — Able, when incorporated into words ending with silent e, cuts it off, as in blamable, except after c or g, as in noticeable, changeable. 7. Compounds of Words ending in 11. — Such compounds as befall, miscall, install, forestall, inthralL enroll, retain the double I, to prevent a false pronunciation, befdl, enrol, &c. For the same reason, double / should be retained in the nouns installment, inthrallment, thralldom, and enrollment. 8. Defense, offense, and pretense. — In these words, s is substituted for c, because * is used in the de- rivatives, as defensive, offensive, pretension. The words expense, recompense, and license have, on this ground, undergone the same alteration within comparatively a short period, and a change in the three mentioned above, would complete the analogy. These words are here given in both forms of spelling. 9. Foretell, distill, instill, fulfill. — These words retain 11 of their primitives, for it must be retained in the participles and other derivatives, as foretelling, distiller, &c. In this case it is only necessary to remember the rule, that the spelling of the original words tell, still, fill, is retained in all the derivatives 10 Connection, deflection, inflection, reflection. — These follow the spelling of their verbs conned, &c. 11. Derivatives of dull, skill, will, and full. — These retain the 11, viz., dullness, fullness, skillful, tcillful, to prevent the inconvenience of exceptions to a general rule. Walker says, there is no reason why we should not write dullness, fullness, skillful, and willful, as well as stiffness, gruffness, and crossness. 12. Derivatives of villain. — The derivatives of villain ought to retain the i, as in villainous, villainy. &c. This is the case in all similar words when the ain is not under the accent, as mountainous from mountain, captaincy from captain, &c. Both modes of spelling, however, are given in the volume. 13. Mould and moult. — These words should be written mold and molt, like gold, bold, fold, colt, &c, in which the u has been dropped or was never introduced ; but they are here given in both ways. 14. Terms in Chemistry. — The orthography oxyd (from b^vg) is considered preferable to oxide, be- cause in all other derivatives the Greek v is represented by the English y, as in oxygen, hydrogen, &c. In such terminations as chlorid, ammid, &c, the final e is not used, because they are formed in analogy with acid, and the e is unnecessary, and might lead to the error of giving a long sound to the preceding u Such words as salicin, cerin, veratrin, &c. also omit the final e in most cases, because it is unnecessa- ry, though it is retained in bromine, chlorine, fluorine, iodine, and a very few others. The spelling of •lie last class of words has the authority of Brande, the Penny Cyclopedia, and some others. 15. Woe. — This word takes the final e, like doe, foe, hoe, sloe, toe, and all similar nouns of one sylla- ole. The termination in o belongs among monosyllables to the other parts of speech, as go, so, \V&d. to nouns of more than one syllable, as motto, potato, tomato, &c. 16. Practice, as a Verb. — This verb should be spelled like the noun, with a c, as in notice, apprentice, and all similar words in which the accent precedes the last syllable. The distinction of spelling between the noun and verb belongs properly to words accented on the last syllable, as device, n., devise (pro- lounced de-vize'), v. To apply the distinction here, and spell the verb practise, tends to give it th? same pronunciation (practize), as we often find in uneducated persons ; but as this spelling, though in apposition to the regular analogy, is more prevalent, the verb is here given in both ways. 17. Drouth is given as spelled by Spenser, Bacon, &c, and as still extensively pronounced; and hight as spelled by Milton, and derived from high. They are, however, placed under drought a&tf. height, the more ordinary spelling, though, on some accounts, the old spelling is to be preferred. DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. *-* Compound woids, which in ordinary writing have the parts separated by a hyphen, are arranged directly alter the »vord which fr rms their 'first part. Those compounds which are written as simple words, without a hyphen, will be fc ant in alphabetic a» order after the regular compounds spoken of above. If, then, a compound word is not found in the f rat mentioned place, it should be sought in its strictly alphabetical order. Hebrew. Icelandic. Irish. Italian. Latin. Persic, or Persian. Portuguese. Russian. ABBREVIATIONS. a. stands for adjective. superl. stands for superlative. Gr. stands i adv. " adverb. syn. '' synonyms. Heb. " comp. " comparative. v. i. " verb intransitive. Ice. " con. " conjunction. v. t. " verb transitive. Ir. C exclamation, or inter- l jection. Am. u America, or Ameri- R. cxclam. " Ar. Arabic. [can. Lat. or L. " j. " feminine. Arm. " Armoric. . Per. m. " masculine. Ch. " Chaldee. Port. n. " name, or noun. Corn. " Cornish. Russ. " cbs. " obsolete. Dan. " Danish. Sam. u pi. plural. D. Dutch, or Belgic. Sans. " PP- H participle passive. Eng. England, or English. Sax. " ppr. " participle present. Eth. " Ethiopic. Sp. " prep " preposition. Fr. French. Sw. " pret. " preterit tense. G. or Ger. " German. Syr- pron " pronoun. Goth. " Gothic. TV. KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION. A, E, T, &C ? . C mate, mete, mite, > \ mote, mwte, Aye. EW or EU ? like long u, j as in new, feud. H like yu, longoropon ■G hard, or €H, X, E, I, &c. ? „ ( bat, bet, bit, bot, 3 I but, hjfinn. I like long e, " marine. like k, short or shu i like short u, " bird. C soft, Mke s, A Italian, 01 | " far. 6 " move. CH iU, 6 like short u, " dovs. CH like sh, A broad, AU 1 " fall. O " wolf. 6 soft, like,;, or AW, 01 or OY " oil, boy. Ghard, A " what. OO " moon. S likes, E like long a, " prey, there. oo " book. S EE, M, or CE > " meet, c<2sura. OU or OW " about, town. TH Mke long e, U " bwll. TH Sanscrit. Saxon, or Anglo-Sax Spanish. [on Swedish. Syriac. Welsh. as in wnite. " carry. " certain. " mucA. " machine, M ^em. " give. " as, was. " west. H this. " thin. REMARKS. 1. Impi-oper Diphthongs. — In these, the vowel which is sounded is alone marked, as in ai, ea, or ea, or ea, 6u, &c. 2. Double Accent ("). — This is used in two cases: (1) When in such words as an" ger (pronounced ang'ger), the g /s, a3 it were, drawn back to the preceding syllable, forming with n the sound of ng, while it is also retained with its proper hard sound in its own syllable. Thus the distinction is marked between such words as Ion" ger, of greater length, and longer, one who longs. (2) When, in the case of c or i followed by ci or ti, the sound of sh is drawn back to the preceding syllable, as in spe"cial, discretion, addV'tion, vi"- tious (pronounced spesh'al, diskresh'un, addish'un, vish'us). The double accent is also used when the sound of zh is drawn back, as in transl'tion, vV'sion (pronounced transizh'- un, vizh'un) ; but this peculiarity is also indicated either by respelling or by the marked s. When the single accent (') and double accent (") both occur on the same word, the for- mer is to be considered the primary and the latter the sec- ondary accent, as in cheese 'raon' 'ger. 3. Vowels in Italics. — Vowels which are italicized are not sounded, as the a in metal, the e in used, hazel, burden, the i in evil, cousin, the o in beckon, &c. 4. Accented Syllables.— When an accented syllable ends in a consonant, the vowel which it contains has its regular short or shut sound, unless otherwise denoted according to the key. 5. Unaccented Syllables. — When an unaccented syllable ends in a vowel other than e mute, this vowel has an ob- scure or faint sound, unless otherwise marked. The ob- scure a is usually the short Italian a, as in America. The obscure e, i, and y have the open sound of e shortened, as in rrent,_labial, duty ; and hence, in respelling for pronunciation, Ihe e is used to denote these sounds. The obscure o and u have their regular open sounds, but somewhat shortened, as in monopoly, educate. When the unaccented syllable ends in a consonant, the vowel which it contains, if single, has its regular short or shut sound, as in assign, explain, furnish, connective, cahnnny. But a in monarchy and such words, is the faint a. In neither of these cases should the sound of the other vowels (a, e, i, o, y) run into that of u in tub. 6. Long a before r. — The long sound of a before r in the same syllable, as heard in fare, pair, parent, bfvir, &c, is nearly the same as in fate ; or, more exactly, it begins with the tatter sound, and ends with the faint sound of e or a. In tnis case, however, the a should never be made a distinct syllable, fa'er, pay'rent, but fare, &c. So prayer, though fpelled in two syllables, should be pronounced in one, as prare. By many, however, the first part of this compound Bound is entirely omitted, and the a in fare, &c, is pro- nounced like the a in fat, but much lengthened in quantity. This, according to Smart and all the later orthoepists, as well as Walker, is a departure from true English usage. 7. Italian a. — The sound of a in far, daunt, &c., and its sound in fast, pant, &c, being radically the same, is rep re sented by the same character, a. Yet, in words like fast, clasp, ask, pass, waft, path, pant, &c, the sound is not much prolonged as in far ; and in such words as dance, ad- vantage, it is shortened still more, and by some is changed into the sound of a in fot. 8. Broad a. — The distinction between the broad a (a'> or aio and the same sound shortened (a), as in what, is readi ly perceived. In some words, however, as salt, cobalt, <:kc. the a is not so broad as in all, nor so short as in what ; but in respect to this nicer distinction the ear must decide. 9. Short e before r. — The sound of short e before r at the end of a word, or followed by another consonant than r, in confer, perform, herd, earth, &c., is nearly the same as that of short u before r ; but some, particularly in England, at- tempt in this case to give the e its regular short sound, heard in herald, herring. The same remarks may be made respecting ir, to which some attempt, in such words as vir- gin, mirth, &c, to give the regular sound of short e and r. 10. Short o. — The shut sound of o before r in the same sy lable, as in nor, being unavoidably the same as that of a, is no* marked with any distinctive character. A sound interme- diate in length between that of a in all and of o in not is heard in such words as off. soft, song, cloth, loss, frost, &c. Here, however, a drawl is carefully to be avoided. 11. Long u. —The long or open sound of u has been con- sidered by many as a diphthong composed of e or y and oo Dr. Webster regarded it, in most cases, as a peculiar vowel sound nearly resembling e and oo, but so much closer as to be hardly a diphthong ; and considered it as sounded yoo only when it begins a syllable, or when it is heard in certain term inations, as in ure, Sic. There is a strong tendency, which ought to be carefully avoided, to change this sound into oo after d, t, I, n, and s, as doo'ty for du'ty, &c. ; but in avoid- ing this, as Smart remarks, the u must be kept very close, and not run into dyuty or de-uty. Walker sounds u like oo after r ; but even here, the best speakers, in Dr. Webster's view, give a slight softening between the vowel and the con- sonant, pronouncing rwde in a less broad and open ma/mer than rood, i. e., giving the u its distinctive sound. 12. Respelling for Pronunciation. — (1) In respelling the French en, on, &c, the letters ng are designed simply to mark the vowel as nasal, and are not to be pronouncec themselves. (2) The respelling of a word, when a number of related words follow, applies to all of them down to some other word which is respelled. (3) Compound words, wnich are not respelled or otherwise marked, are to be pro- nounced like the simple words of which they are composed, but of and with at the end of compounds, as hereof, herewith, have their final consonants sounded as in do£ smith AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ABA A Is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known A- languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con- straint, and without any effort to alter the natural position or configuration of the lips. A has, in English, four sounds : the long or slender, as m place, fate; the broad, as in wall fall, which is shortened insgiuid, what ; the open, or Italian, as in father, which is shortened in China ; and the short, as in cat, carry. Its primitive sound was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon an or ane, one, used before word & beginning with a consonant; as. a table, instead of an table, or one table. This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was used before consonants as well as vowels ; as, an tid, a time ; an gear, a year. See An. Ahis letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as m asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing. A is also used for anno, or ante; as in anno Domini, the year of our Lord ; anno mundi, the year of the world ; ante meridiem, before noon ; and for arts, in artium magister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A. U. C. stood for anno urbis condita, in the year from the building of the city, or Rome. AAM, n. [Ch. mQN, or NEX.] A Dutch measure of liquids, varying in different cities from 37 to 41 English gallons. A A-RON'IO, ? a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest- AA-RON'I€-AL, ] hood of which he was the head. AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbey or abbot ; as. Abton, i. e.. Abbeytowi. AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi- tion, as in abrade, is the Greek ano, and the Eng. of, Ger. ab, D. af Sw. Dan. af written in ancient Latin af. It de- notes from, separating or departure. AB, n. The Hebrew name of father. See Abba. AB, n. A name of one of the Jewish months. AB'A-€A, n. A kind of flax in the Philippine Islands. AB-A-CIS'€US, n. In ancient architecture, a term applied to the square compartments of Mosaic pavements. AB'A-CIST, n. [from abacus.'] One that casts accounts ; a calculator. A -BACK', adv. Toward the back ; on the back part ;_ back- ward.— In seamen's language, it signifies the situation of the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the wind. AB'A-€OT, n. The cap of state, formerly used by English kinsrs. AB-ACTOR, n. [L.] In law, one that feloniously drives away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in dis- tincfion from one that steals a sheep or two. AB'A-€US, n. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or buffet 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith- metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper member or crowning of a column and its capital. — Aba- cus harmonious, the structure and disposition of the keys of a musical instrument.— Abacus major, a trough in mines to wash ore in. — Abacus Pythagoricus, the multiplication table. ABADDON, n. [Heb. "DX.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit 2. The bottomless pit.— Milton. A-BAFT, adv. or prep. [Sax. aftan.] A sea term, signifying in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which lie toward the stern ; opposed to afore. Relatively, it denotes further aft, or toward the stern : often contracted into aft. A-BII'SANCE. See Obeisance. B-aLTEN-aTE (ab-ale'yen-ate), v. t. To transfer the title of property from one to another : a term of the civil law. B-aLIEN-a-TED, pp. Transferred from one to another. ABA AB-aLIEN-a-TING, ppr. Transferring from one to an other. AB-aL-IEN-a'TION (ab-ale-yen-a'shun), n. The transferring of title to property. See Alienation. tA-BAND', v. t. To forsake.— Spenser. A-BAN'DON, v. t. [Fr. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entirely ; as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise. — Cowper. 2. To re- nounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never to return ; to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up or resign without control, as when a person yields himself, without restraint, to a propensity. 4. To resign; to yield, relin- quish, or give over entirely. — 5. In commerce, to relinquish to insurers all claim to a ship or goods insured, with a view to recover as for a total loss. — Syn. To give up ; yield ; forego ; cede ; surrender ; resign ; abdicate ; quit ; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from. t A-BAN'DON, n. 1. One who totally forsakes cr deserts. 2. A relinquishment. A-BAN'DON.ED, pp. or a. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted. 2. Given up, as to a vice ; extremely wicked.— Syn. Forsak- en ; deserted ; destitute ; abject ; forlorn ; profligate ; cor- rupt ; vicious ; depraved. ; reprobate ; wicked ; heinous ; criminal; vile; odious; detestable. A-BAN-DON-EE', n. In law, one to whom any thing is abandoned. A-BAN'DON-ER, n. One who abandons. A-BAN'DON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly ; yielding one's self without restraint. A-BAN'DON-ING, n. A forsaking; total desertion. A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of being forsaken ; a relinquishment of property insured to the in- surers. A-BAN'DUM, n. In old law, any thing forfeited or confis- cated. AB-AN-NI"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years for manslaughter. [Little used.] A-BAP-TIS'TON, n. The perforating part of the old treph- ine, an instrument used in trepanning. [Obs.] t A-BaRE', v. t. [Sax. abarian.] To make bare ; to uncover. AB-A.R-TI€-U-LaTION, n. In anatomy, that species of ar- ticulation, or structure of joints, which admits of manifest motion. A-BAS', n. A weight in Persia, one eighth l^ss than a carat —Encyc. A-BaSE', v. t. [Fr. abaisser.] To cast down ; to reduce low; applied to the passions, rank, office, and condition in life. — Syn. To depress ; humble ; degrade ; bring low ; de- base; cast down. A-BaSED' (a-baste'), pp. Reduced to a low state ; humbled , degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of eagles, when the tops are turned downward toward the point of the shield, or when the wings are shut. A-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low j also a state of being brought low. — Syn. Depression ; hu- miliation; degradation. A-BASH', v. t. [Heb. lUir:.] To make the spirits to fail ; to cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed, as by ex citing suddenly a consciousness of guilt, error, inferiority, &.c. — Syn. To confuse ; confound ; disconcert ; shame A-BASH'.ED (a-bashf), pp. Confused with shame ; con- founded ; put to silence : followed by at. A-BASH'ING, ppr. Putting to shame or confusion. A-BASH'MENT, 7i. Confusion from shame. A-BaS'ING, ppr. Humbling ; depressing ; bringing low. A-BAS'SI, \ n. A silver coin of Persia, of the value of A-BAS'SIS, 5 twenty cents. A-BaT'A-BLE, a. That may or can be abated. A-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. abattrc.] 1. To beat down ; to pull down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nuisance * See Synapsis A., E, T, &c, long.— I, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; t Obsolete. MOV?:. BQQK, DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VI"ClOUS.— € as K ; dasJ; SasZ; CHasSH; THasiniAw. AJBB : 2. To lessen ; to 6^ niri.fch ; to moderate ; as, to abate a de- mand. 3. To lessen; to mitigate ; as, to abate pam or mis- ery.— Addisoi. 4. To overthrow; to cause to fail; to frustrate by judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To deject: t> depress; as, to abate the soul, [obs.] 6. To de- duct.— P >pe. 7. To cause to fail; to annul. 8. To remit; as, to abate a man's taxes. A-BaTE', v. i. 1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence ; as, pain abates. 2. To fail ; to be defeated, or come to naught ; as ; a writ abates. — 3. In law, to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4 In horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, working upon cur- vets, he puts both his hind legs to the ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the times. — Syn. To sub- side ; decrease ; intermit ; decline ; diminish ; lessen. A -B1TED, pp. or a. Lessened ; decreased ; destroyed ; mitigated ; defeated ; remitted ; overthrown. A-BaTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of abating ; the state of be- ing abated. 2. A removing or pulling down, as of a nui- sance. 3. A lessening, as of grief or pain. 4. A sum withdrawn, as from an account. 5. Overthrow, failure, or defeat, as of a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a free- hold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. — 7. In heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of the wearer. — Syn. Decrease ; lessening ; de- cline ; mitigation ; reduction ; subsidence ; diminution ; discount; deduction. A-BaTER, n. The person or thing that abates. A-BA.TTNG,£pr. Pulling down; diminishing; defeating; re- mitting. A-BaT'OR, n. A person Who enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. AB'A-TIS, In. [Fr.] Rubbish.— In fortification, piles of AB'AT-TIS, > trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre- vent assailants from mounting the walls. A-BA T- TOIR (a-bat-wor 7 ), n. [Fr.] A place for slaughtering beasts without the walls of French cities. t AB'A-TUDE, n. Any thing diminished. AB'A-TCRE, n. [from abate.} Grass beaten or trampled down by a stag in passing. — Diet. A-BAUM', n. A species of red clay. [Not in use.'] AB-AW.ED (ab-awd 7 ), pp. Abashed.— Cliaucer. [Obs.] ABB, 7i. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yarn for the warp. — Encyc. AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figura- tively, a superior. AB'BA-CY, n. [Low Lat abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and privileges of an abbot. AB-BATI€?AL, ] a - Belonging to an abbey. AB'BE (ab'by), n. [from abba.] In a monastic sense, the same as abbot ; but more generally the title of a class of persons once very numerous in Roman Catholic countries, espe- cially in France, who had but little connection with the church, except in name, and who acted as tutors, editors, &c. Some of them were distinguished for literary ability. AB'BESS, n. [from abba.] A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey. ABT3EY (ahbyl, n. ; pi. Abbeys, [from abba.] A monastery or society of persons, of either sex. secluded from the world, and devoted to religion. The males are called monks, and are governed by an abbot; the females are called nuns, and are governed by an abbess. ABT3EY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con- tempt for their idleness. ABBOT, n. [formerly abbat, from abba, Latinized abbas.] The superior, or governor, of an abbey or monastery. — Encyc. AB'BOT-SHIP. n. The state of an abbot. AB-BRe'VI-aTE, v. t. [It. abbreviare.] 1. To shorten; to make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten ; to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part; to reduce to a smaller compass ; as, to abbreviate a writing. — 3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to lower terms. tAB-BRE'VLATE, n. An abridgment.— Elyot. AB-BRE'VI-A-TED, pp. or a. Shortened ; reduced to lower terms ; abridged. AB-BRe'VI-a-TING, ppr. Shortening ; contracting in length ; reducing to lower terms. AB-BRE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of shortening or con- tracting. 2. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word; as, Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to lower terms.— 4. In music, one dash, or more, through the stem of a note, distinguishing it as a quaver, semiquaver, or demisemiquaver. AB-BReTI-a-TOR, n. One who abridges or reduces to a smaller compass. AB-BRe'VI-a-TORS, n. pi. A college of seventy-two per- sons, assistants in the chancery of Rome. AB-BRe'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening ; contracting. ABE AB-BEe'VI-A-TETRE, n. A letter or character for shorten ing ; an abridgment , a compend. A, B, C. The first three letters of the alphabet, used fortbe whole alphabet. A b c-book, a little book for teaching the elements of reading AB'DALS, n.pl. Religious fanatics, in some Mohammedan countries, who run through the streets, attempting ro kill all of a different religion. AB'DE-RlTE, n. An inhabitant of Abdera.— Whitaker. AB'DEST, n. Purification by washing ; a Mohammedan rite. ' AB'DI-GANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing. AB'DI-GaTE, v. t. [Lat. abdico.] 1. In a general sense, to leave or abandon. 2. To abandon an office or trust, with out a formal resignation to those who conferred it, oi without their consent ; also, to ebandon a throne, without a formal surrender of the crown. — Blackstone. 3. To re- ject; to renounce; to abandon as aright. — 4. In the civil law, to disclaim a son, and expel him from the family, as a father ; to disinherit during the life of the father. — Syn To give up ; quit ; vacate ; relinquish ; forsake ; abandon resign; renounce; desert. AB'DI-GaTE, v. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast off; to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. — Burke. AB'DI-€a-TED, pp. or a. Renounced; relinquished without a formal resignation ; abandoned. AB'DI-€ A-TING, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal resig- nation; abandoning. AB-DI-GITION, ti. 1. The act of abdicating ; the abandon- ing of an office or trust, without a formal surrender. 2. A casting off'; rejection. AB-DI€'A-TSVE ' i a - Causing or implying abdication. AB'DI-TIVE, a. [L. abdo.] Having the power or quality of hiding. [Little used.] AB'DI-TO-RY, n. A place for secretin" or preserving goods. *AB-Do'MEN, or AB'DO-MEN, n. [L. perhaps abdo and omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel- vis. — 2. In insects, the part of the body posterior to the corselet. AB-DOM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly. AB-DOM'IN-AL, n. ; pi. Abdominals. In ichthyology, the abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are placed behind the pectoral, and which belong to the division of bony fish. AB-DOM'iN-AL RING, \n. An oblong, tendinous ring in IN"GUIN-AL RING, $ each groin. AB-DOM'IN-OUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen; having a large belly. — Cowper. AB-DuCE', v. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from; to withdraw, or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy. AB-Du'CENT, a. Drawingfrom ; pulling back ; used of those muscles which pull back certain parts of the body, for sep- arating, opening, or bending them. AB-DUGT', v. t. To take away surreptitiously and by force. AB-DU-GTION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drawing apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac- ture, in which the broken parts recede from each other. — 5. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is not so clear as not to require further proof. — 4. In iae>, the taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wite, &c, either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. AB-DUGTOIl, n. 1. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to withdraw or pull back a certain part of the body. 2. A person guilty of abduction. tA-BEIR (a-bare'), v. t. [Sax. abar an.] To bear; *o b^ have. — Spenser. A-BEaR'ANCE, n. [from abeor.] Behavio: ; demeanor. A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, n. [a word formed from the nisi four letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches me letters of the alphabet, or a learner of the letters. A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, \ a. Pertaining to, or formed by the let- A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, 5 ters of the alphabet A-BED', adv. On or in bed. A-BeLE', I a *.». I..* A'BEL-TREE \ n ' name of the white poplar. A-BeT/IANS, fn pi. In church history, a sect of pro A.B-E-Lo'NI-ANS, \ tended followers of Abel, who, though a'BEL-iTES, J married, lived in continence. A'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or Syrian mallow. a'BER, n. In Celtic, the mouth of a river. A-BER'DE- VINE, n. A bird allied to the goldfinch ; the Eu- ropean siskin. AB-ER'RANCE, 1 n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi AB-ER'RAN-CY, 5 ating from the right way ; an error oi mistake ; a fault ; a deviation from rectitude. AB-ERHANT, a. Wandering; straying from the right way AB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of wander- ing from the right way ; deviation or departure from truth or moral rectitude ; deviation from a straight line.— 2. In astronomy, a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occa See Synopsia. A, E, I, &c, long.— 1, e. 1. &c, short. -TAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY,— MAB INF, BtRD ' -MO PE, BOOK. ABI ABO sioned by the progressive motion of light and the earth's annual motion in its orbit. — 3. in optics, a deviation in the rays of light, when inflected by a lens or speculum. — Grown of aberration, a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, depending on the aberration of its rays. AB-ER'RING. part. a. Wandering; going astray. f AB-ER-RUN€'aTE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To pull up by the roots ; to extirpate utterly. A-BET, v. t. [Sax. betan, gebetan.] 1. To give encourage- ment by aid or countenance ; now used chiefly in a bad sense —2. In law, to counsel, incite, or assist in a criminal act. — Syn. To aid; assist; support; encourage; sustain; back; connive at. I" A-BET", n. The act of aiding in a crime. A BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting. V-BETTED, pp. Incited, aided, or encouraged to a crime. A -BETTING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a crime. A-BET'TOR, n. One who abets, or incites, aids, or encour- ages another to commit a crime. AB-E-VAC-U-A'TION, n. [ab and evacuation.] In medicine, & partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either by nature or art. A-BEY'ANCE (a-bay'ance), n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or abaiz- ance.] 1. In expectation or contemplation of law. The fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is hi abey- ance when there is no person ha being in whom it can vest, though ready to vest when the owner shall appear. 2. The term is also used in a wider sense, to denote a state of sus- pension or temporary extinction. — Eclectic Rev. 1 AB'GRE-GaTE, v. t. To separate from a herd or flock. I AB-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from a herd or flock. AB-HOR', v. t. [L. abhorreo.] 1. To hate extremely, or with contempt ; to loathe, detest, or abominate. 2. To despise or neglect. 3. To cast oiF or reject. AB-HORR.ED (ab-hord'),£p.ora. Hated extremely; detested. AB-HOR'RENCE, \n. Extreme hatred ; detestation; great AB-HOR'REN-CY, j aversion. AB-HOR'RENT, a. 1. Hating; detesting; struck with ab- horrence. 2. Contrary ; odious ; inconsistent with ; ex- pressive of extreme opposition ; followed by to, not from. AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence. AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors. AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion; detesting. As a noun, it is used in Isaiah, lxvi., for the object of hatred ; as, " An abhorring to all flesh." A'BIB, n. 'Heb. iiS!.] The first .month of the Jewish ecclesi- astical year, called also Nisan. It begins at the spring equinox, and. answers to the latter part of March and be- ginning of April. A-BlDE', v. i. ; pret. and pp. abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.] 1. To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a time ; to reside. 3. To continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm and immovable. 4. To remain ; to continue. A-BlDE', v. t. 1. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await ; as, afflictions abide me. 2. To endure or sustain ; as, to abide the anger of the Lord. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear patiently. A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues ; a resident. A-BID'ING, ppr. 1. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en- during; awaiting. 2. a. Permanent. A-BID'ING, n. Continuance ; fixed state ; residence ; an en- during. A-BlD'ING-L Y, adv. In a manner to continue ; permanently. \ A-BIl.'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability. A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. habilete.] 1. Physical power, whether bodily or mental, natural or acquired; force of under- standing ; skill in arts or science. In the plural, abilities is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches ; wealth; substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or le- gal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It is opposed to disability. Cyc. — Syn. Capacity ; talent ; fac- ulty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. AB IN-FTI-0 (ab in-ish'e-o). [L.] From the beginning. AB-IN-TESTATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil law, inheriting the estate of one dying without a will. t AB-JECF, v. t. To throw away ; to cast down.— Spenser. AB JEUT, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2. Low in estimation; without hope or regard. — Syn. Mean; base; worthless; low; groveling; debased; despicable. AB'JECT, n. A person in the lowest condition, and despica- ble ; a wretch. — Ps. xxxv. AB-JECTED-NESS, n. A low or despicable condition. AB-JECTION, n. A state of being cast away ; hence, a low state ; meanness of spirit ; baseness. AB'JEOT-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner; meanly; ser- vilely; basely. AHJE€T-NESS, n. The state of being abject; meanness ; servility. * B-Ju'DI-Ga-TED, pp. or o. Given by judgment from one to another. — Knowles. AB-Ju-DT-Ca'TION, n. Rejection. AB-JU-R1TION, n. 1. The act of abjuring , a renunciation upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity ; ■■:■ solemn renunciation. AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration. AB-JuRE', v. t. [L. abjuro.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to reject. 3. To banish, [not used.] — Syn. To forswear • renounce; retract; recall; recant; revoke. t AB-JuRE', v. i. To abjure the realm. — Burnet. AB-JuR'i£D (ab-jurd'), pp. Renounced upon oath ; solemnly recanted. t AB-JuRE'MENT, n. Renunciation.— J. Hall. AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures. AB-JuR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming' with solemnity. AB-LAC'TITE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the breast AB-LA€-Ta'T10N, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning ot a child from the breast. — 2. Among ancient gardeners, a method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or inarching. AB-LAQ-UE-a'TION, n. [L. ablaqueatio.] A laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. AB-L a'TION, n. [L. ab and latio.] 1. A carrying away. — 2. in medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful; evacuations in general. — 3. In chemistry, the removal of whatever is finished, or no longer necessary. AB'LA-TIVE, a. or n. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. A-BLaZE', adv. On fire ; in a blaze. — Milman. A'BLE, a. [L. habilis; Norm, ablez.] 1. Having physical power sufficient; having competent power or strength, bodily or mental. 2. Having strong or unusual powers of mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister. 3. Having large or competent property ; or simply having property, or means. 4. Having competent strength or fortitude. 5. Having sufficient knowledge or skill ; as, able to instruct. 6. Having competent legal power ; as, a for- eigner is not able to hold real estate. — Syn. Capable ; com- petent; powerful; strong; efficient; effective; skillful, aualified; clever. t A'BLE, v. t. To enable. " I'll able them."— Shah. A'BLE-BOD-I.ED, a. Having a sound, strong body. An able bodied seaman is one who has skill as well as strength. t AB'LE-GITE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad. t AB-LE-GI'TION, n. The act of sending abroad. AB'LET \ n ' "*" smau fresh-water fish, the bleak A'BLE-NESS, n. Ability of body or mind ; force; vigor. AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. aSXe^ta.] Want of sight ; blindness. t AB'LI-GaTE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up from. t AB-LI-GU-Rl"TION, n. [L. abliguritio.\ Prodigal expense on meat and drink. AB'LO-CaTE, v. t. [L. abloco.] To let out ; to lease. AB-LO-C1TION, n. A letting to hire. t AB-LtJDE', v. i. [L. abludo.] To be unlike ; to differ. AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean; cleansing by- water or hquids. AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or sweetens the blood. — Quincy. AB-Lu'TION, n. [L. abludo.] 1. In a general sense, the act of washing; a cleansing or purification by water. 2. Ap- propriately, the washing of the body as a preparation for religious duties. — 3. In chemistry, the purification of bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as water to dissolve salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body externally, as by baths; or internally, by diluting fluids. — 5. Pope ha* used ablution for the water used in cleansing. 6. In the Roman Catholic Church, a small quantity of wine and water, wliich is used to wash the chalice and the priest's fingers after communion, and is then drunk by the priest. AB-Lu'VI-ON, n. [L. abluo.] That which is washed off. A'BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability. AB'NE-GITE, v. t. To deny. AB-NE-Ga'TION, n. [L. abnego.] A denial; a renunciation } self-denial. AB'NE-Ga-TOR, n. One who denies, renounces, or opposes any thing. — Sandys. AB-NET, n. The girdle of a Jewish priest. AB'NO-DaTE, v. t. To cut knots from trees. AB-NO-D a'TION, n. [L. dbnodo.] The act oi cutting away the knots of trees. AB-NORM'AL, \a. [L. dbnormis.] 1. Not conformed to AE-NORM'OUS, 5 rule ; irregular ; deformed.— 2. In bot- any, when the organs of a plant have a greater or less number of parts than the regular number, they are said to be abnormal.— Brande. AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity. A-BoARD', adv. [a for on, and board.] Within a ship, vessel, or boat. — To go aboard, to enter a ship ; to embark- To fall aboard, to strike a ship's side. A-BoARD', prep. On board ; in ; with. t A-BoD'ANCE, n. An omen. DOVE •— Bi;LL. UNITE ;-AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K , 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obeokte. ABO A-B3IH f«4 l4 tMu A-B6DE i The v:t of continuing In a place for a longer or sho'.tA. tune. 2. A place of continuance. 3. To make dwd< or reside. — Syn. Stay; continuance; resi- dence; dwelling; habitation; domicile. A-BoDE', v. t. To foreshow.— Skak. A-B5DE', v. i. To be an omen. — Dryden. A-BODE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu- ture .--Skak. A-BoD'ING, 71. Presentiment; prognostication. AB-O-LETE', a. [L. abolitus.} Old; out of use. A-BQL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. abolir.] 1. To make void; applied cbieiiy and appropriately to established laws, contracts, rites, customs, and institutions; as, to abolish laws by a repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an end to ; as, to abolish idols. — Isa., ii. So, also, to abolish death. — 2 Tim., i. This sense is not common. — Syn. To abrogate; annul; do away ; set aside ; revoke ; repeal ; cancel ; annihilate. A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, or destroyed. A-BOL'ltfH.ED (a-bol'isht), pp. Annulled; repealed; abro- gated, or destroyed. A-BGL'ISH-ER, n. One who abolishes. A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making void ; annulling ; destroying. A-BOL1SH-MENT, n. The act of annulling; abrogation; destruction. — Hooker. AB-0-Ll"TION (ab-o-lish'un), n. 1. The act of abolishing; or the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation ; utter destruction. 2. The putting an end to slavery; emancipation. AB-0-LI"TION-ISM, n. The principles of an abolitionist. AB-O-LI'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any thing, especially slavery. A-BOL'LA, n. [L.] An ancient military garment. AB-O-Ma'SUM, }n. [L. omasum.] The fourth stomach of a AB-O-Ma'SUS, 5 ruminant animal ; the maw. A BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Awakening hatred, or strong disgust ; odious to the mind or senses. — Syn. Loathsome ; detest- able ; execrable ; odious ; hateful ; revolting. A-BOM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being very odious : hatefulness. A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv. 1. Very odiously ; detestably ; sin- fully. — 2._In vulgar language, extremely ; excessively. A-BOM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. aboj/iino.] To hate extremely ; to abhor ; to detest ; to loathe. A-BOM'IN-A-TED,£p. Hated utterly ; detested; abhorred. A-BOM'IN-a-TING, pp r. Abhorring; hating extremely. A-BOM-IN-A'TION, n, 1. Extreme hatred.— Swift. 2. The object of detestation ; a common signification in Scripture. 3. Hence, defilement and pollution, in a physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements, idols, and idolatry, are called abominations. Whatever is an object of extreme hatred is called an abomination. — Syn. Detestation; loathing; disgust; aversion; loathsome- ness ; odiousness. A-BoRD', n. [Fr.] Literally, arrival ; but used for first ap- pearance, manner of accosting, or address ; but not an English word. — Chesterfield. t A-BoRD'. v. t. To approach ; to accost. AB-O-Rl&TN-AL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original. Ab- original people are the first inhabitants of a country. AB-0-RI6TN-AL, n. An original inhabitant The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals. AB-O-RIg'IN-eS, v. pi. The first inhabitants of a country. [This word is not regularly formed, but has become gen- erally prevalent.] t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion. A-BORT, v. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth. 1 A-BORT', n. An abortion.— Burton. 4.-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.} 1. The act of miscarrying, or producing young before the natural time. 2. The fetus brought torth before it is perfectly formed.— 3. In a fig- urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. A-BOR'riVE, o. 1. Brought forth in an immature state; tailing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2. Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing ; as, an abortive scheme. 3. Producing nothing ; as, " an abor- tive gulf."— Milton, [not regular.] 4. Pertaining to abor- tion. — o. In medicine, procuring abortion ; as, abortive medi- cines. Parr.— 6. In botany, an abortive flower is one which falls -rnthout producing fruit. This term is also applied to parta imperfectly lormed ; as, an abortive stamen ; or to such as do not arrive at perfect maturity, as a seed unim- pregnated.— Syn. Immature; untimsly; unsuccessful A-BORT1VE, n. That which is brought forth or bom pre- maturely. r A-BORTI VE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely manner A-BORT'I VE -NESS, n. The state of being abortive ; Tfaib mg in the progress to perfection or maturity ; a failure of producing the intended effect. A-RORTMENT, n. An untimely birth.— Bacon. A -BOUND 7 , v. i. f L. abundo.] 1. To have or possess in great ABR quantity ; to be copiously supplied ; followed by with or in. 2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent. A-BODND'ING, ppr. or a. Having in great plenty ; being in great plenty ; being very prevalent. A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase.— South. A-BOUT", prep. [Sax. abutan.] 1. Around ; on the exterioi part or surface ; as, about the head. 2. Near to ir. place, as, about the town. 3. Near to in time ; as, about the sixth hour. 4. Near to in action, or near to the performance oi some act ; as, about to depart. 5. Near to the person ; ap pended to the clothes ; as, I have it about me. 6. Con cerned in ; engaged in ; relating to ; respecting ; as, aboia my father's business. 7. In compass or circumference ; as, two yards about the trunk. 8. Near to in number' as, about three thousand souls. A-BOUT, adv. 1. Near to in quantity or degree : is, about as high, or as cold. 2. Here and there ; around ; in one place and another. 3. Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half a mile across. A-B6VE', prep. [Sax. abufan.] 1. Literally, higher in place. 2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in num- ber or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater degree . 5. Beyond; in excess. 6. Beyond; in a state to be unat- tainable; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too proud for ; as, above taking advice. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank; having too much dignity for; as, above an act of meanness. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writing, it denotes before, or in a former plaoe ; as, what has been said above , supra. A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before. 3. Chief in rank or power. — Above all is elliptical ; above all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things A-BOVE'-BoARD, adv. Above the board or table ; in open sight ; without trick, concealment, or deception. A-BOVE'-ClT-ED, a. Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing. A-BGVE'-GROUND, a. Alive ; not buried. A-B6VE'-MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before. A-B6VE-SAID (a-buv'-sed), a. Mentioned or recited before AB O'VO US' QUE AD Ml' LA, from the egg to the ap pies; i. e.,from the beginning of a Roman meal to its end Hence, from the beginning of any thing to its end. ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop. AB-RA-€A-DAB'RA, n. The name of a Syrian deity; a word formerly supposed, when written triangularly and worn round the neck, to avert disease. AB-RaDE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp, corrosive medicines. AB-RaD'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn ; scraped. AB-RaDTNG, ppr. Rubbing off ; wearing. AB-RaD'ING, n. In agriculture, the crumbling down of banks of earth, from the effects of frost, or of the alternate action of drought and moisture. — Brande. A-BRA-HAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham. Abraham men, formerly, were impostors, in England, who wandered about the country personating lunacy. — To sham Abraham, to feign sickness. — Goldsmith. f A-BRaID', v. t. To arouse ; to awake. A-BRANCH1-AN, n. "> Terms applied to animals having no A-BRANGH'I-A, n. pi. > branchiae or gills, as leeches. AB-RI'SION (ab-ra'-zhun), n. The act of wearing or rubbing oft"; also, substance worn off by attrition. A-BREAST ^a-brestf), adv. [from a and breast.] Side by side, with the "breasts in a line ; opposite. AB-RE-NFIN-CI-A'TION, n. Renunciation; absolute denial. AB-REPTION, n. [L. abripio.] A carrying away ; or state of being seized and carried away. A-BREU-VOIR' (a-bru-vwori), n. [Fr.] 1. A watering place. 2. The joint between stones, to be filled up with mortar. A-BRIDGE' (a-bridj'), v. t. [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make short- er; to contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense in substance ; used of writings. 2. To bring within narrower limits ; as, to abridge labor. 3. To cut oft* from ; followed by of; as, to abridge one of his rights. — 4. In al- gebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its more simple expression. — Syn. To shorten ; abbreviate ; contract; abstract; epitomize; condense; compress; re trench ; reduce ; curtail ; dimmish ; cut short ; confine. A-BRIDG'.ED (a-bridjd'), pp. or a. Made shorter ; epitomized ; reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived. A-BRIDG'ER, n. One who abridges or makes a compend. A-BRIDG'ING, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving. A-BRIDG'MENT,to. 1. An epitome: a compend, or summary of a book. 2. A cutting off"; as, an abridgment of expens- es or enjoyments. — Syn Diminution; reduction; con- traction ; deprivation ; restraint A-BRoACH,' adv. Broached; letting out or yielding liquo ', or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is 'abroach. Fig- uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loo^e, or in a stale of being diffused ; as, to " set mischief abroc :h." •sis. A, X, I, &c. : long.— a, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE BIRD ;— M WE, BQQK ABS ABS A-BROAD' (a-brawd'), adv. 1. At large; widely; not con- fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond or out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively; before the public at large. 6. Widely; with expansion; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad. AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated. AB'RO-GaTE, v. t. [L. ahrogo.\ To abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor ; applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances the abolition of established cus- toms, &c. — Syn. To repeal ; annul ; set aside ; rescind ; revoke ; abolish ; cancel. AB'RO-Ga-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au- thority. AB'RO-Ga-TING,££>t\ Repealing by authority ; making void. AB-RO-GaTION, ii. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by au- thority of the legislative power ; revocation. fA-BROOD', adv. In the act of brooding. tA-BROOD'ING, n. A sitting abrood.— Barret. t A-BROOK', v. t. To brook ; to endure. — Shak. See Brook. ABROT'A-NOID, n. [Gr. a6f)orovov, and ei^og, form.] A species of coral belonging to the genus madrepora. It is one of the reef-corals in the East Indies. A BROTA-NUM, n. [Gr. a6porovov.] A species of evergreen plant, called also southern-wood. AB-RUPT, a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or broken short 2. Steep ; craggy ; applied to rocks, preci- pices, and the like. 3. Figuratively, without notice to pre- pare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected; having sudden transitions from one subject to another. — 5. In lot- any, terminating abruptly, without a tapering point, or without a leaflet. Brande. — Syn. Sudden; unexpected; hasty ; rough ; blunt ; disconnected ; broken. AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. " Over the vast abrupt." — Milton. AB-RUPT'ED, a. Torn oft"; torn asunder. AB-RUP'TION, to. A sudden breaking off; a violent separa- tion of bodies. AB-RUPTLY, adv. Suddenly ; without givingnotice, or with- out the usual forms. AB-RUPTNESS, n. 1. A state of bein» broken ; cragged- ness ; steepness. 2. Figuratively, suddenness ; unceremo- nious haste or vehemence. AB'SCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] A cavity in some part of the body containing pus, or purulent matter, resulting from suppuration consequent on inflammation. AB-SCIND', v. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off. AB'SCISS, In. [L. abscissus.] In conies, a part of the di- AB-SCIS'S A, > ameter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted between the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi-ordinate. AB-SCIS'SION (ab-sizh'un), n. 1. A cutting off, or a being cut off. — 2. In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or useless part of the body, by a sharp instrument. — 3. In rhetoric, an abrupt breaking oft' in the midst of a sentence ; as, " He is a man of too much honor — but I will not press mat point." AB-S-GOND', v. i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public view, or from the place hi which one resides or is ordina- rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a pri- vate manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of per- sons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. AB-S€OND'ER, n. One who withdraws from public notice, or conceals himself. AB-SCOND'ING, ppr. or a. Withdrawing privately from pub- lic view ; withdrawing to avoid a legal process. AB'SENCE n. [L. absens.] 1. A state of being at a distance in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitution ; im- plying no previous presence ; as, in the absence of all proof on the subject. — 3. In law, non-appearance ; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedlessness; inattention to things present. AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis- tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless; inat- tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation in company. — 3. In familiar language, not at home ; as, the master of the house is absent. AB-SENT, v. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear in presence ; as, to absent one's self. VB-SENTED, pp. Retired or withdrawn. \B-SENT-EE', n. One who absents himself from his country, post or duty. The term is applied, in political economy, to those who leave the country where their property lies, and spend their income in some other country. B-SENT-EE'ISM, n. Absence from one's country, duty, or station ; applied particularly to one's leaving the country where his property lies, and spending its income in some other country. B-SENTER, n. One who absents himself. AR-SENT'ING, ppr. Departing; withdrawing. vBSENT'MENT, n. A state of being absent. — Barrow. AB-SIN'THI-AN, a. Of the nature of wormwood. AB-SINTHI-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood. AB-SIN'THI-UM, n. [Gr. aWtvdiov.] The common worro wood ; a bitter plant, used as a tonic. A species of Art© misia. AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis. AB'SO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a genera sense, free ; independent of any thing extraneous. Hence 2. Complete in itself; positive : as, an absolute declaration 3. Unconditional; as, an absolute promise. 4. Existing independent of any other cause ; as, God is absolute. 5 Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as, an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative ; as, absolute space. 7. Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohoL Syn. Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; arbitrary; despotic. AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Without restriction or limitation.— Syn. Completely ; wholly ; entirely ; unconditionally ; pos- itively; peremptorily. AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. 1. Independence ; completeness in itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to no extraneous restriction, or control. AB-SO-Lu'TION, n. 1. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen- tence of a judge declaring the accused person innocent — 2. In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a priest in favor of a penitent. — 3. Among Protestcnts, a sentence by which an excommunicated person is released from his liability to punishment. AB'SO-LuT-ISM, 7i. State of being absolute ; the principles of absolute government. AB'SO-LuT-IST, n. One who is in favor of an absolute gov ernment. * AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, or AB-SOL'U TO-RY, a. Absolving; that absolves. AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or re- lease ; having power to absolve. AB-SOLVE' (ab-zolv 7 ), v. t. [L. absoico.] To set free or re- lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from a promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil law, the word was used for acquit ; and in the canon law, for forgive, or remit. In ordinary language, its sense is, to set free or reZease-from an engagement Formerly, good writ- ers used the word in the sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to absolve work, in Milton ; but, in this sense, it seems to be obsolete. Young has also used it for resolve or explain ; as, " Absolve we this ?" but this sense is rare. AB-SOL V.ED (ab-zolvd'), pp. Released; acquitted; remit ted ; declared innocent. AB-SOL V'ER, n. One who absolves ; also one that pronoun- ces sin to be remitted. AB-SOL V'ING,ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge ; ac- quitting; remitting. AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; against reason. AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.] Contrary to reason; unmu- sical or untunable. AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.] 1. To drink in; to suck up ; to imbibe ; as, water absorbed by a sponge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or overwhelm with water ; as, a body ab- sorbed in a whirlpool. 3. To waste wholly or sink in ex- penses ; to exhaust ; as, to absorb an estate in luxury. 4 To engross or engage wholly ; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth. AB-SORB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ab sorb able. AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed. AB-SORB' .ED (ab-sorbd'), \pp. Imbibed ; swallowed ; wast AB-SORPT, 5 ed; engaged; lost m study wholly engrossed. AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing ; swallowing. AB-SORB'ENT, n. 1. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes as the lacteals and lymphatics. — 2. In medicine, a substance used for absorbing the acidity in the stomach and bowels as magnesia or chalk. — Dunglison. AB-SORB'ING, ppr. or a. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting. AB-SORP'TION, n. 1. The act or process of imbibing or swallowing; either by water which overwhelms, or by substances which drink in and retain liquids ; as, the ab- sorption of a body in a whirlpool. 2. Entire occupation of mind; as, absorption in business.— 3. In physiology, the taking up matter by the absorbent vessels, as the lacteals, &c. — 4. In chemistry, the conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by union with another substance. AB-SORP'TlVE, a. Having power to imbibe. ABS' QUE HO€. [L.J Without this or that— In law, words used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated. AB-STaIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.] In a general sense, to keep from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to denote a restrain; upon the passions or appetites. — Syn. To refrain; for- bear; withnold; deny one's self ; give up ; relinquish. AB-STE'MI-OUS, a. [L. abstcmius.] 1. Sparing in diet re- fraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind, 3. Spaiingly used, or used with temperance ; belongbig to abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious life. D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, WCIOUS.— € as K <5 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete ABS 6 Temperately , with a sparing use kVisTe Al"j-3-r.t..idv of meat or drink AB-? Te'M]-( >US-N »:&S, n. 'itie qi or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. AB-S VEN'TION, iu The act of restraining. AB-STER6E' (ab-sterj'), v. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or make clean by w,pint,' ; to cleanse by means of lotions, ENT. n. A term applied to lotions for cleansing ulcers, ince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a tiling may be apprc ached; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3. Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre- vious obstacles ; as, by whom we have access. 4. Admis- sion to sexual intercourse. 5. Addition ; increase by some- thing added ; as, an access of territory ; but accession is now used. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. \€'CES-9A.-RI-LY. See Accessorilv. AC'CES-SA-RI-NESS. See Accessoriness. A€'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory. A€-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being approacha- ble, or of admitting access. AC-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reach- ed. 2. Easy of approach ; affable. A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as to be accessible. A€-CES'SION n. IX. accessio.] 1. A coming to ; an acced- ing to and joining. 2. Increase by something added ; that which is added ; as, an accession of territory. — 3. In law, a mode of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at a throne, an office, or dignity. 5. The invasion of a fit of a periodical disease, or fever. — Syn. Increase ; addition ; augmentation ; enlargement. A€-CES'SION-AL, a. Additional. AG-CES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory; as, ac- cessorial agency, accessorial guilt.— Burr's Trial. A€'CES-SO-Rl-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory, by subordinate means. A€'CES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory. AC'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessor ius.~\ 1. Acceding; contrib- uting; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in subor- dination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad sense. 2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a secondary manner ; as, accessory sounds in music. AC'CES-SORY, n. 1. In law, one who is guilty of a felony, not by committing the offense in person, or as principal, but by advising or commanding another to commit the crime, or by concealing the offender. 2. That which ac- cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal. — Syn. Accomplice; abettor; assistant; co-adjutor; ally. AC'OI-A-e-GA-TU'RA (afche-ak-ka-tu'ra), n. In music, a grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed. — Brande. AC'CI-DENCE, n. [See Accident.] A small book, contain- ing the rudiments of grammar. AC'CI-BENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling; an event that takes place without ones foresight or expecta- tion ; an event which proceeds from an unknown cause, or is an unusual effect of a known cause, and therefore not expected. 2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design. — Dwight. 3. An unfortunate event, occurring casually, and involving no guilt in the parties concerned" [This is the most common use of the word.] 4. In logic, a property or quality of a being which is not essential to it ; as, whiteness in paper. — 5. In grammar, something belonging to a word, but not essential to it ; as, gender.— -6. In heraldry, a point or mark not essential to a coat of arms. — Syn. Chance ; contingency; casualty; misfortune. Ae-CI-DENTAL, a. 1. Happening by chance, or rather un- expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord- ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which is constant, regular, or intended; as, an accidental visit. 2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs are accidental to a play. Accidental colors: those which result from some affection of the eye, and are different from the real colors of the object. Accidental sharps and flats, or accidentals, in music, are sharps and flats prefixed to notes which would have been natural according to the signature. — Syn. Casual; fortuitous; incidental; contin- gent; occasional; uncertain. AC-CI-DENTAL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui- tously ; not essentially. AC-CI-DENTAL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual. t A€-CI-DEN'T1A-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence. AC-CI-PEN'SER, n. See Acipenser. t A€-CIP'I-ENT, n. A receiver. A€-CIP'I-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.] 1. A name given to a fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name of the order of rapacious birds. V€-CIP'I-TR1NE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as, the accipitrine order of birds. — Ed. Encyc. t AC-ClTE', v. l. [L. ad and cito.] To call, or summon. A€-CLaIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.) To applaud. [Little used.] A€-€LaIM', n. A 6hout of joy ; acclamation. AC-CLA-MaTION, n. [L. acclamatio.] 1. A shout of ap- plause, uttered by a multitude. — 2. In archeology, a repre- sentation in sculpture, or on medals, of persons express- ing joy. — Elmes. AC-GLAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by shouts, or clapping of hands. A€-€LI'MaTE, v. t. [ac for ad, and climate.] To habituate the ■'See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.-rl. £. i. &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD body to a climate not native, so as not to be peculiarly «» posed to its endemic diseases. AC-CLl'Ml-TED, pp. or a. Habituated to a foreign climate or a climate not native. — Med. Repository. AC-GLI-MA'TION, n. The process or state of becoming habituated to a foreign climate. A€-GLl'MA-TlZE, v. t. To inure plants to a climate differ ent from thejr natural one. — Brande. AC-€Ll'MA-TlZ.ED, pp. or a. Inured to a new climate, as plants. AG-€Ll'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Inuring to a new climate. A€-CLl'MA-TEJRE, n. Act of acclimating, or a state of be- ing acclimated. — Caldwell. AC-GLIV'I-TY, n. [L. acclivus, acclivis.] A slope or inclina tion of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as- cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending; Rising ground ; ascent ; the talus of a rampart. A€-GLi'VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope. AC-CLOY', v. t. To fill ; to stuff; to fill to satiety. AC-COIL', v. i. To encircle ; to gather around. AC-CO-La.DE', n. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony, probably ablow on the neck, formerly used inconferring knighthood, AC'CO-LENT, n. A borderer ; one who dwells en or near the border of a country. A€-€OM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.} AC-€OM'MO-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The capability of accom modating. AC-COM'MO-DiTE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt, or make suitable ; as, to accommodate ourselves to circum- stances. — Foley. 2. To supply with or furnish, followed by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom- modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va- riance ; as, to accommodate a difference between two friends. 5. To show fitness or agreement ; to apply. 6. To lend to, a commercial sense. In an intransitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by Boyle, [obs.] — Syn. To suit ; adapt ; conform ; adjust ; reconcile ; serve ; oblige ; assist ; aid. A€-COM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate to the end. — Ray. A€-€OM'MO-DI-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; also furnished with conveniences. AC-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably; fitly. A€-COM'MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.] AC-€OM'MO-Da-TING, ppr. Adapting ; making suitable ; reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying. AC-COM'MO-DI-TING, a. Adapting one's self to ; obliging ; disposed to comply, and to oblige another. AG-COM-MO-Da'TION, n. 1. Fitness ; adaptation, followed by to. 2. Adjustment of differences ; reconciliation, as of parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conveniences. 4. In the plural, conveniences ; things .furnished for use; chiefly applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile language, accommo dation is used for a loan of money. In England, accommo dation bill is one given instead of a loan of money. Orabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent merely to accom modate the borrower. — 7. In theology, accommodation is the application of a passage to something not originally intend- ed by it, on the ground of resemblance or analogy. — Paley. AC-€OM'MO-DA.-TlVE, a. Furnishing accommodation. AC-COM'MO-Da-TOR, n. One that accommodates; one that adjusts. f AC-C6MTA-NA-BLE (-kum-), a. Sociable. AC-C6MTA-NI.ED, ppr. Attended by ; connected with. AC-C6MTA-NI-ER, n. He who accompanies. AC-C6MTA-NI-MENT, n. [Fr. accompagnement.] Some thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added bj way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of symmetry. AC-C6MTA-NIST, n. The performer in music who takes the accompanying part. — Busby. AC-C6MTA-NY (-kum-), v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go with, or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as con nected. — Syn. To attend ; escort ; wait on ; go with. AC-COM'PA-NY, v. i. 1. To attend; to be an associate. — Bacon, [obs.] 2. To cohabit. — 3. In music, to perform the accompanying part in a composition. AC-C6MTA-NY-ING, ppr. or a. Attending ; going with as a companion. AC-€OM'PLfCE, n. [Fr. complice.] An associate in a crime ; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is wholly ob- solete. — Syn. Abettor ; accessory ; assistant ; associate ; confederate ; co-adjutor. AC-COM'PLJCE-SHIP, n. The state of being an aceom plice. — H. Taylor. AC-COMTLISH, v. t. [Fr. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to finish entirely ; to carry out fully. 2. To gain ; to obtain or effect by successful exertions ; as, to accomplish n de- sign. 3. To fulfill or bring to pass; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 4. To furnish with qualities wh ,ch S'it te to render the mind or body complete. 5. To ari i ap \ e juip Mew Took ACC 9 ACC as," Tit armorers accomplishing the knights." Shah. — Syn. To perform ; fulfill ; realize ; effect ; effectuate ; ob- tain ; complete ; execute ; achieve ; perfect ; equip ; furnish. a.€-€OM'PLISH£D, pp. 1. Finished; completed; fulfilled; executed ; effected. 2. a. Well endowed with good qual- ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a finished education. 3. Fashionable. — Swift. AC-COM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes. A€-GOM'PLISH-ING,£pr. Finishing, completing ; fulfilhng ; executing ; effecting ; furnishing witn valuable qualities. AC-COM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Entire performance, as of a prophecy. 2. The act of carrying into eifect, or obtaining an object designed. 3. Acquirement; that which consti- tutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquir- ed by education. — Syn. Completion ; fulfillment ; perfec- tion , performance ; acquirement ; embellishment ; orna- ment; qualification. * AC-GOMPT (ak-kowntf), n. See Account. fAC-COMPT'ANT (ak-kownf ant), n. See Accountant. AG-GORD', n. [Fr. accord.'] 1. Agreement; harmony of minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2. Concert ; harmony of sounds; the union of different sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in pitch and tone. 3. Agreement ; just correspondence of things. 4. Will ; voluntary or spontaneous motion ; used of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, and preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ; recon- ciliation. — 6. In law, an agreement between parties in con- troversy. 7. Permission; leave. AG-GORD', v. t. 1. To grant or concede ; as, to accord due praise to any one. 2. To make to agree, or correspond; to adjust one thing to another. — Sidney. 3. To bring to an agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. — Hall. AG-GGRD', v. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2. To agree in pitch and tone. AG-GORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant. AG-GORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity with a thing. — Syn. Harmony ; unison ; coincidence. AC-CORD' ANT, a. Corresponding; consonant; agreeable. A€-CORD'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner. AC-GORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted. AC-CORD'ER, n. One that aids or favor3. AG-GORD'ING, ppr. or a. (commonly, though not correctly, classed among prepositions). 1. Agreeing; harmonizing. 2. Suitable ; agreeing ; in accordance with. In these senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. Our zeal should be according to knowledge : according, here, has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is followed by to. It is never a preposition : accordingly to, is an error. AC--GORDTNG-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a manner conformable to. AC-GOR.D'1-ON, n. [from accord.} A small keyed wind in- strument, whose tones are generated by the play of wind upon metallic reeds. t AG-COR'PO-RITE, v. t. To unite.— Milton. AC-COST, v. t. [Fr. accoster.] I. To approach; to draw near ; to front, or face, \not in use.] 2. To speak first to ; to address ; to salute. — Milton. tAC-COST', v. i. To adjoin. — Spenser. [Not in use.] AC-COSTA-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar. A€-€GST'ED, pp. or a. Addressed ; first spoken to. — In her- aldry, being side by side. AC-COSTING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to. AC-€5UcHE'MENT (ak-koosh'mong), n. [Fr.] Delivery in childbed. A-C-GoUcH-EUR' (ak-koo-shaurO, n. [Fr.] A man who as- sists women in childbirth. AC-COUNT', n. [Fr.conte. Formerly, writers used accompt, from the Fr. compt.] 1. A sum stated on paper ; a regis- try of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or charges ; an entry in a book, or on paper, of things bought or sold, of payments, services, &c, including the names of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value of the thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a general statement of particular sums. 3. A computation or mode of reckoning ; applied to other things than money or trade ; as the Julian account of time. 4. A statement of facts ; recital of particular transactions and events, verbal or written ; as, an account of the Revolution in France. Hence, 5. An assignment of reasons ; explanation by a re cital of particular transactions ; answering for conduct ; as. "give an account of thy stewardship." 6. Reason or con sideration, as a motive; as, on all accounts. 7. Value; im portance ; estimation ; as, a thing of no account. 8. Profit advantage ; that is, a result or production worthy of esti- mation ; as, you will find your account in doing it. 9. Re- gard ; behalf : sake ; a sense deduced from charges on book ; as, on account of public affairs. — Syn. Narrative ; narration ; relation ; detail ; recital ; description ; explana- tion ; computation ; bill ; reckoning ; sake ; end ; reason ; advantage; consideration; value; importance. \C-COUNT, v. t. 1. To deem, judge, consider, think, or hold in opinion. 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a dcM These uses are antiquated. AC-COUNT', v. i. 1. To render an account or relation of particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer fo in a responsible character. AC-COUNT-A-BILq-TY, n. 1. The state of being liable ft- answer for one's conduct— R. Hall. 2. Liability to tb e pay ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a !-ust AC-COUNTA-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to accost, answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or mak« good, in case of loss. — Syn. Amenable ; responsible. A€-€OUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer, or to give account ; the state of being answerable. AC-COUNTA-BLY, adv. In an accountable manner. AC-GOUNT'ANT, n. One skilled in mercantile accounts , more generally, a person who keeps accounts. AC-GOUNTANT-SHIP, n. The office or duties of an ac countant. AC-COUNT-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts are kept AC-COUNTED, 'pp. Esteemed ; deemed ; considered ; re- garded; valued. — Accounted fm , explained. AC-COUNTING, ppr. Deeming , esteeming ; reckoning , rendering an account. — Accounting for, rendering an ac- count; explaining. AC-COUNTING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac- counts. AG-€6UP'LE (ak-kup'pl), v. t. To couple ; to join or link to- gether. See Couple. AG-€6UP'LE-MENT (ak-kup'pl-ment), n. A coupling ; con- necting in pairs ; junction. [Little 7ised.] tAG-€6UR'AGE (ak-kur'aje), v. I. To encourage.— Spenser. t A€-€oURT', v. t. To entertain with courtesy. — Spenser. AC-GOU'TER? faiw-rt SV. t [Fr. accoutrer.] In a AG-CoU'TRE, 5 (.a^ooter; [ general sense, to dress ; to equip ; but, appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms ; to equip the body for military service. AG-G5U'TER.ED, ? -n , . . . AG-€oU'TRED \PP- Dressed m arms ; equipped. AG-€oU'TER-ING, ? ppr. Equipping with military habili- AC-C5UTRING, 5 ments. AC-CoU'TER-MENTS, \. , , ,. ..< n.pl. 1. Dress; A€-€oU'TRE-MENTS, \ (ak-koo ter-ments) J equipage . fur '. niture for the body ; appropriately, military dress and arms ; equipage for military service. — 2. In common usage, an old or unusual dress. t AC-COY', v. t. [Old Fr. accoisir.] To render quiet or diffi- dent, to soothe; to caress. — Spenser. AC-CREDIT, v. t. [Fr. accreditcr.] To give credit, or author- ity, especially to an agent or representative ; as, to accredit a consul or minister. — Cowper. AC-CRED-IT-A'TION, n. That which gives title to credit [Little ?ised.] AC-CRED'IT-ED, pp. or a. Allowed ; received with repu- tation: authorized in a public character. — Christ. Obs. A€-€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation. AC-GRES'CENT, a. Increasing— Shuckford. A€-CRe'TION, n. [L. cccretio.] 1. A growing to, or increase. 2. Anjncrease by an accession of parts externally. — Bacon. AG-GRE'TlVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding to by growth tAC-CRIM-IN-I'TION, n. Accusation; reproach. A€-CRoACH', v. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To hook, or draw to as with a hook, [obs.] 2. To encroach ; to draw away from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroachment, is rarely or never used. See Encroach. AC-€RuE' (ak-kru'), v. i. [Fr. accroitre, accru.] Literally, to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added, as increase, profit, or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov- ernment from the coinage of copper ; a loss accrues from the coinage of gold and silver. t AC-CRuE' (ak-kru'), n. Something that accedes to, or fel- lows the property of another. AG-GRu'ING, ppr. Growing to ; arising ; coming ; being added. AG-GRfJ'MENT, n. Addition ; increase. AG-CU-Ba'TION, n. [L accubatio.] A lying or reclining on a couch, as the ancients at their meals. t AC-CUMB' (-kum'), v. i. [L. accumbo.] To recline, as at table* AC-€UM'BEN-CY, n. State of being accumbent ur reclining, AG-€UM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining, as the ancients at their meals. — In botany, the word is used in cases where one organ is applied to another by its edge. t AC-GUM r BE_NT, n. One who is placed at a dinner-table. A€-€u'MU-LaTE, v. t. [L. accumulo.] 1. To heap up; to pile. 2. To collect or bring together. — Syn. To collect • pile up ; amass ; gather ; aggregate ; heap together. AG-Gu'MU-LaTE, v. i. To grow to a great size, number, or quantity ; to increase greatly. AC-CU'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity. AC-Gu'MU-L i-TED, pp. or a. Collected into a heap or great quantity. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— e asK;dasJ:SasZ;CHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete ACE 10 AC-MJ 'MT T uI-TING, ppr. Heaping up ; amassing ; increas- ing araaUy. A-^-fetJ-MW-LA'TION, n. The act of accumulating ; the state •/ being accumulated; a collecting together. — In law, the concurrence of several titles to the same thing. — In univer- sities, an accumulation of degrees is taking several at once. — Syn. Mass; pile; heap; collection; amassing. A€-G0'MU-LA-TIVE. a. That accumulates; heaping up; accumulating. AC-€iJ'MU-LA-TIVE-LY, adv. In an accumulative manner ; in heaps. AC-Cu'MU-La-TOR. n. One that accumulates, gathers, or amasses. ACCURACY, n. [L. accurado.] 1. Exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model ; freedom from mistake ; pre- cision which results from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness ; as. to seal up a tube with accuracy. — Syn. Exactness ; cor- rectness ; exactitude ; nicety ; precision. ACGU-RATE, a. [L. accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity to truth, or to a standard, or rule, or to a model ; free from failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate ; precisely fixed. 3. Close; perfectly tight; as, an accurate junction. — Syn. Cowect; exact; precise; just; nice. AG'GU RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly; in an accurate manner; with precision; without error or defect. 2. Closely; so as to be perfectly tight. — Comstock. AC'CTJ RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy ; exactness ; nicety ; pre- cioh a. AC-CURSE' (ak-kurs,, v. t. [ac for ad. and ciurse]. To de- vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon. [Rarely used.] See Cukse. AC-CURS'ED, pp. or a. {part. pro. ak-kursf, and adj. ak- kuis'od], 1. Doomed to destruction or misery. 2. Sepa- rated from the faithful ; cast out of the church ; excommu- nicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; detestable ; execrable. ■i. Wicked ; malignant in the extreme. AC-CURST. The same as Accursed. AC-€u'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused; chargeable with a crime ; blamable ; liable to censure ; followed by of. AG-Gu'SANT, n. One who accuses.— Hall. A€-€U-Sa'TION, n. 1. The act of charging with a crime or offense ; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice. 2. The charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration con- taining the charge.— Syn. Impeachment; crimination; cen- sure; charge. AG-€u'SA-TlVE, a. or n. A term given to a case of nouns, in grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or falls ; called, in English grammar, the objective case. Cen- suring; accusing. AG-€ O'S A-TIVE-L Y adv. 1. In an accusative manner. 2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar. AC-Cu'SA-TO-RY, a. Accusing; containing an accusation. AC-CUSE', v. t. [L. accuso.] 1. To charge with, or declare to have committed a crime. 2. To charge with a fault.— Syn. To charge; blame; censure; indict; impeach; ar- raign. To accuse falsely, to asperse ; calumniate ; defame ; slander ; vilify ; detract. AG-GuS'ED (ak-kuzdO, PP- or a. Charged with a crime, by a legal process ; charged with an offense ; blamed. AC-GuS'ER, n. One who accuses or blames. AG-CuSTNG, ppr. Charging with a crime ; blaming. AC-CUSTOM, v. t. [Fr. accoutumcr.] To make familiar by use ; to form a habit by practice.— Syn. To habituate ; in- ure ; exercise ; train ; familiarize. AC-CUSTOM, v. i. 1. To be wont, or habituated to do any thins, [little used.] 2. To cohabit.— Milton, [not usedA tAC-CUSTOM, n. Custom.— Milton. AC-CUSTOM- A-BLE, a. Of long custom; habitual; cus- tomary. [Little used.] AC-CUSTOM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom or habit. [Little used.] t AC-CUSTOM- ANCE, n. Custom ; habitual use or practice. — Boyle. AC-CUSTOM-A-RI-LY, adv. According to custom or com- mon practice. [Little used.] J tf^I^^ Y ' a ; Usua ^ customary. [Little used.] AC-CUSTOMSE Kpp. 1. Bemg familiar by use ; habituated; trained; inured. 2. a. Usual; often practiced. AG-€USTOM£D-NESS, n. Familiarity AG-CUSTOM-ING, ppr. Making familiar by practice; in- _ unng. r ' ACE. n. [L. as.] 1. A unit ; a single point on a card or die : or the card or die so marked. 2. A very small quantity a particle an atom ; a trifle. •CEL'DA-MA, n [Ch. *>pH, afield, and K»"7, Ch. Syr. and bam., blood.] A field purchased with the bribe which Ju- das took for betraying his Master, and therefore called the field of blood. A-CH1'HA LAN, n. ) Terms applied to a class of mollus- A-CP^i'H'A-LA, n. plu. $ can animals having no head, as the oyster and muscle. — Bell. A-CEFH'A-Lf, n. pi. [Gr. a and K£$ON-OUS, a. Having no seed-lobes. A-GOUcH'Y (a-koosh'y), n. [Fr. acouchi.] A small species of cavy ; the olive cavy ; sometimes called the Surinam rabbit. A-€OUS'TIC, a. [Gr. axovfrtKo?.] Pertaining to the ears, to the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds. A-€OUS'TI€S, to. 1. The science of sounds, teaching their cause, nature, and phenomena. — 2. In medicine, thi3 term is sometimes used for remedies for deafness. ACQUAINT, v. t. [old Fr. accointer.] 1. To make known , to make fully or intimately known ; to make familiar. 2. To communicate notice to ; as, he acquainted me with his plans. 3. To acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or particular knowledge of; followed by with. — Syn. To in- form ; apprise ; disclose ; communicate ; make known. ACQUAINTANCE, to. 1. Familiar knowledge ; a state of being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than slight or superficial knowledge. 2. A person or persons well known ; usually, persons we have been accustomed to see and converse with, though not on the footing of close friend- ship. — Acquaintances, in the plural, is used as applied to in- dividual persons known ; but, more generally, acquaintance is used for one or more. — Acquaintant, in a like sense, is not used.— Syn. Familiarity ; intimacy ; fellowship ; knowledge. A€-QUaINT'ANCE-SHIP, to. State of being acquainted. ACQUAINTED, pp. Known ; familiarly known ; informed ; having personal knowledge. ACQUAINTING, ppr. Making known to ; giving notice or information to. AC-QUEST, to. [L. acquisitus.] 1. Acquisition; the thing gained. — Bacon. 2. Conquest; a place acquired by force. AC-QUI-ESCE' (ak-que-ess'), v. i. [L. acquiesco.] 1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposi- tion and discontent 2. To assent to upon conviction ; as, to acquiesce in a given sentiment — Acquiesced in, in a pass- ive sense ; complied with ; submitted to without opposi- tion. — Syn. To repose ; rest in ; submit ; comply ; yield , assent; agree; consent; accede. A€-QUI-ES'CENCE, to. A quiet assent ; a silent submission, or submission with apparent content. A€-QUI-ES'CENT, a. Resting satisfied; easy; submitting; disposed to submit. — Johnson. ACQUI-ES'CING, ppr. Quietly submitting ; resting content ACQUIR-A-BIL'I-TY, to. State of being acquirable.— Patey A€-QUlR'A-BLE, a. That may be acquired. AC-QUIRE', v. t. [L. acquiro.] To gain, by any means, some thing which is in a degree permanent, or which becomes vested or inherent in the possessor. — Syn. To obtain; gain ; attain ; procure ; win ; earn ; secure. ACQUIRED (ak-quird'), pp. or a. Gained, obtained, or re- ceived from art, labor, or other means, in distinction from those things which are bestowed by nature. •ACQUIREMENT, to. The act of acquiring, or that \ Inch D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.~ € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolei t. ACR 12 ACT 8 ac pedestal, usually without a base. A-GRO-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the acroteria ; as, acrote- rial ornaments. — P. Oyc. A-€RO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. axpog and Svuog.] Among phy- sicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus. A-GROTO-MOUS, a. In mineralogy, having a cleavage par- allel with the top of a crystal. ACT, v. i. [Gr. ayix), L. ago.] 1. To exert power; as, the stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ; to move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices. — To act up to, is to equal in action ; to fulfill, or perform a correspondent action. ACT, v. t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. — Dry den, [improper.] 3. To put in motion ; to actuate ; to regulate movements. — Locke, [obs.] AG!*, n. 1. The exertion of power ; the effect, of which pow- er exerted is the cause. 2. That which is done ; a deed, exploit, or achievement whether good or ill. 3. Action ; performance ; production of effects ; as, an act of charity. 4. A state of reality or real existence, as opposed to a pos- sibility. 5. In general, act denotes action completed ; but preceded by in, it denotes incomplete action ; as, taken in the very act. 6. A part or division of a play, to be perform- ed without interruption ; after which the action is suspend- ed to give respite to the performers. 7. The result of pub- lic deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative body, council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, law, judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as. an act of par- liament — Act, in English universities, is a thesis maintain- ed in public by a candidate for a degree. — Act of faith, auto da fe, in Roman Catholic countries, is a solemn day held by the Inquisition for the punishment of heretics. ACTED, pp. Done; performed; represented on the stage. ACTI-AN, a. Relating to Actium. ACTING, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; representing the character of another. ACTING, n. Action ; act of performing a part of a play. AC-TIN1-A, n. [Gr. uktiv, a ray.] A genus of acalephans ; soft animals having a circle of tentacles or rays round the mouth. They are called sea anemones. See Animal Flower. AG-TIN'I-FORM, a. Having a radiated form. AC-TIN'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. uktlv and hOo;.] The bright-green variety of hornblende, occurring usually in glassy, pris- matic crystals, and also fibrous. AC-TIN-O-LIT'IG, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite. AG-TIN-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. uktiv, a ray, and uerpov, meas- ure.] An instrument for measuring the intensity of solar radiation. — Daubeny. ACTION, n. [L. actio.] 1. Literally, a driving; hence, the state of acting or moving; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done; a deed. — 3. In mechanics, agency ; operation ; driving , im- pulse ; effort of one body upon another. — 4. In ethics, the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a moral agent; conduct; behavior; demeanor. — 5. In poetry, a se- ries of events, called also the subject or fable. — 6. In orato- ry, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deportment of the speaker. — 7. In physiology, the motions or functions of the body, vital, animal, and natural. — 8. In law, a suit or pro- cess, by which a demand is made of a right ; a claim made before a tribunal. In France, action is a share in the capi- tal stock of a joint-stock company, equivalent to our term share ; and consequently, in a more general sense to stocks. Brande' s Cyc. — 10. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or position of the several parts of the body, by which they seem to be actuated by passions. 11. Battle; figflt: engage ment between troops in war, whether on land or water. W - X..CRON'I€, la. [Gr. a Kpo<, end vvl-] In astronomy, a term I l-CRON'IC-AL, j applied to the rising of a star at sunfiet, J AG^i6^BLE,^That wUl b"earTsui£ ^Tfor whfch '«*n o r its setting at sunnse. ^ 3 action at law may be sustained. *See Synopsis. X, fi. I, &c, long^l, t, t, &a, short.— FIR, FALL- WHAT ;- PRET ;— MARINE, BIRD ;-M5rF,. Ji?GK ACU 13 ADD A€TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal process. A€"TON-A-RY \n. In France, a proprietor of stock in a AfJ'TION-IST, ) joint-stock company ; one who owns ac- tions or shares of stock. AGT'iV-aTE, v. t. To make active. — Bacon. AGTlVE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actif.] 1. That has the power or quality of acting ; that contains the principle of action, independent of any visible external force. 2. Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move with speed. 3. Busy ; constantly engaged in action. 4. Requiring ac- tion or exertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real ef- fects ; opposed to speculative ; as, the active duties of life. — Syn. Agile ; alert ; brisk ; vigorous ; nimble ; lively ; quick ; sprightly ; prompt : industrious ; operative ; laborious. AGTlVE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim- bly ; briskly. — In grammar, in an active signification. AGT'fVE-NESS, n. The quality of being active ; the facul- ty of acting ; quickness of motion. AGT-IV'I-TY, n. The quality of being active; the active faculty ; also, the habit of diligent and vigorous pursuit of business. — Syn. Agility ; nimbleness ; liveliness ; briskness ; quickness. ACTLESS, n. Without action or spirit. ACTOR, n. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent. 2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ; a stage-player. — 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. A€TRESS, n. A female who acts or performs, and espe- cially on the stage or in a play. AGTH-AL, a . [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that ex- ists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in op- position to speculative. 3. Existing at the present time ; as, the actual situation of the country. — Burke. AGT-U-AL'I-TY, n. Reality.— Haweis. A€TD"-AL-lZE, v. t. To make actual. A€TD-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making actual.— Coleridge. AGTD-AL-LY, adv. In fact ; really ; in truth. t AGTD-AL-NESS. n. The quality of being actual. APTO-A-RY, n. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk. The manager of an insurance office is usually called an actuary in England, as one of a life insurance office is in the U. S. AGT'-ET-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.] AGTF-aTE, v. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to action. — Syn. To move ; impel ; incite ; rouse ; instigate ; animate. AGTD-a-TED, pp. Put in action ; incited to action. A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; inciting to action. AGT-U-ITION, n. The state of being put in action ; effect- ual operation. — Glanville. A-GT'US, n. Among the Romans, a measure in building, equal to 120 Roman feet. AGU-aTE, v. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent or corrosive. — Harvey, [little used.] A£MJ-Bf,NE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude. AG-U-f TION, n. The act of sharpening. A-Gu'LE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having prickles, or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, having a sting, or prickles. A-Gu'LE-I, n. plu. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles. AGD-LON \ n. [Gr. ukv\o?.] The fruit or acorn of the ilex, AGU-LOS, 5 or scarlet oak. A-Gu'MEN, n. [L.] A sharp point; and, figuratively, quick- ness of perception ; the faculty of nice discrimination ; pen- etration of mind. — Syn. Sagacity ; keenness ; sharpness. A-Gu'MIN-ATE, a. [L. acuminatum.] Having a long, tapering sharp point. A-Gu'MIN-a-TED, a. Sharpened to a tapering point. A-Gu-MIN-I'TION, n. A sharpening ; termination in a sharp point. A C-U-PUNGTURE, n. [L. acus and punctura.] A surgical operation, performed by pricking the part affected with a needle. AG-SJ-PUNG-TtTR-A'TION. See Acupuncture. A-€uTE', a. [L. acutus.] 1. Sharp at the end ; ending in a sharp point ; opposed to blunt or obtuse. 2. Figuratively, applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; having nice dis- cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; oppos- ed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses ; having nice or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight impressions ; hav- ing power to feel or perceive small objects. 4 An acute disease is one which is attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a pleu- risy ; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that which elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute is ap- plied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to grave. — 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle. — Syn. Sharp; pointed ; keen ; shrewd ; penetrating ; piercing ; sagacious ; mbtile. A-GuTE', v. t. To render the accent acute. A - G CT E'L Y, adv. Sharply ; keenly ; with nice discrimination. A-G0TE'NESS,«. 1. Sharpness. 2. The faculty of nice dis- cernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the under- standing. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4. VI lence of a disease. — Syn. Penetration sagacity; keea ness; ingenuity; shrewdness. A-GU-TIa'TOR n. In the middle ages, a person whose office was to sharpen instruments. AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to th man, in logic, an argument addressed to the interests, fee/ ings, &c, of a person. — Ad inquirendum, in law, a jud' cial writ, commanding inquiry to be made. — Ad libitum [L. t at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the value, in com merce and finance. A-DAGTYL, a. Having no digits or fingers. ADAGE, n. [L. adagium, or adagio.] An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use ; a wise observation, hand ed down from antiquity. — Syn. Maxim ; proverb ; apho- rism ; apophthegm ; saying. AD-a'GI-O, n. [It J In music, a slow movement. — An adagio. a slow piece of music. — As an adverb, slowly, leisurely, and with grace. ADAM, 7i. [In Heb., Ch., Syr., Eth., Ar., man.] Primarily, the name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately, the first man ; the progenitor of the human race. ADAM'S AP'PLE, n. A species of citron [see Citron] ; also, the prominent part of the throat ADAM'S NEEDLE, n. The popular name of the plant yucca. ADA-MANT, n. [Gr. a5auug ; L. adamas.] The name of a. supposed impenetrable stone ; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness. AD-A-MANT-EAN, a. Hard as adamant.— Milton. AD-A-MANTINE, a. Made of adamant ; having the qualities of adamant; that can not be broken, dissolved, orpenetrated. Adamantine spar. A variety of corundum, with gray, brown, or greenish shades. It is of extreme hardness. AD-AMTG, a. Pertaining to Adam. ADAM-lTES, n. plu. In church history, a sect of visionaries, who pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like Adam, went naked. AD-AM-IT'IG, a. Like the Adamites.— Taylor. AD-AN-So'NI-A, n. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, or African calabash tree. The largest of trees. ADA-PIS, n. An animal of the pachydermatous order of mammals, somewhat resembling a hedge-hog; now ex- tinct. — Buchland. A-DAPT, v. t. [Sp. adaptar ; L. ad and apto.] To make suit, able ; as, to adapt an instrument to its uses. — Syn. To suit ; fit ; accommodate ; adjust. A-DAPT-A-BIL1-TY, n. The quality of- adaptation. A-DAPTA-BLE, a. That may be adapted. A-DAPTA-BLE-NESS, n The quality of being capable of adaptation. AD-APT-i'TION, n. The act of making suitable, or the state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness. A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable ; fitted. A-DAPTED-NESS, n. The state of being fitted ; suitable- ness; fitness; adaptation. ADAPTER, n. One who adapts. See Adopter. A-DAPT'ING, ppr. Suiting; making fit. A-DAFTION, n. Adaptation ; the act of fitting. t_A-D APTNESS, n. A state of being fitted. aT)XR n. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part ot February and the beginning of March. AD aR-BITRI-UM. [L.] At will or pleasure. A-DiR'CE, n. [Gr. adapts.] A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. A-DaR'ME,to. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce ADA-TIS, n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. t A-DiUNT, v. t. To subdue. t AD-AW, v. t. To daunt ; to subject. — Spenser. A-DaYS', adv. On or in days ; as in the phrase now adays. AD -eAP-TAN'DUM. [L.] To captivate ; ad captandum vul- gus, to please and attract the populace. t AD-GOR'PO-RaTE, v. t. To unite one body with another. ADD, v. t. [L. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate. 2. To unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To increase number. 4. To augment. AD-DEC'I-MaTE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.] To take, or to ascertain tithes ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass, or aggregate ; in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put together. AD-DEEM', v. t. To award; to sentence. [Little used.] ADDENDUM, n. ; plu. Addenda. [L.J A thing or tilings to be added ; an addition, or an appendix. ADDER, n. [Sax. aetter, or aettor.] A venomous serpent of several species, belonging to the viper family. ADDER-FLy, n. A name of the dragon-fly. ADDER'S-GRaSS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk. ADDER'S-T6NGUE, tj. A plant whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. ADDER'S-W6RT, n. Snakeweed, so named from its sup- posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents. AD-DI-BIL'1-TY, n. The possibility of being added. ADDI-BLE, a. That may be added.— Locru. DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. VT"CIOUS.—G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in thv>. t Obsolete. ADE 14 ADI f ADThCE, See Adz. AD-l>l€'i\ z. Addicted. [Not much used.] AD-DIG'P. o. t. [L. addlco.) To apply one's self habitually; to tie vote time and attention by customary or constant practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a <:ad one. AD-DIGTED, pp. Devoted by customary practice. AD-DIGTED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ad- dicted. AD-D IGT'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; practicing customarily. AD-DIG'TION, n. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in prac- tice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Romans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence ; also, an nssignment of debtors in service to their creditors. ADDING, ppr. Joining-, putting together ; increasing. AD-DITA-MENT, n. [L. add/tamentum.] An addition, or, rather, the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any mate- r'al mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound. [Little used.] AD-Df"TION, n. [L. addido.] 1. The act of adding; op- posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added, whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the unit- ing of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In law, a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occupation, or place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the right side of ■ anote, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In heraldry, some- thing added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor. — 7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state of fermentation. — 8. In popular language, an advantage; ornament ; improvement. — Syn. Increase ; accession ; aug- mentation ; appendage ; adjunct. AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon for addition ; but improperly. AD-Di"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition. ADD'I-TfVE. a. That may be added. ADD'I-TO-RY, a. That adds, or may add. AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl] Unimpregnated ; not fecundated ; also, in a morbid state ; putrid ; applied to eggs. Hence, barren, producing nothing. — Dryden. AD'DLE, v. t. To make corrupt or morbid. — Scott. ADT)L.£D, pp. or a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren. AD'DLE-HE AD-ED (-hed-ed), ? '„. „ om . . . „ AD'DLE-Pa-TED, l a - Having empty brains. AD-DOOM', v. t. To adjudge. See Doom. AD-DORS' ED (ad-dorstO, a. In heraldry, having the backs turned to each other, as -beasts. AD-DR.ESS', v. t. [Fr. adresser.] 1. To make suitable dispo- sitions for, or to enter upon ; as, he now addressed himself to the business. 2. To direct words or discourse ; to ap- ply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter, or to direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimony of respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In com- merce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor. AD-DRESS' n. 1. A speaking to; verbal application; a for- mal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal application ; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, petition, &c. ; as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speaking to an- other ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Courtship ; more generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Dextrous manage- ment. 6. Direction of a letter, &c, including the name, title, and place of residence of the person for whom it is intended. — Syn. Dexterity; tact; management; adroit- ness ; skill ; readiness. AD-DRESS'JSD (ad-dresp, pp. Spoken or applied to ; di- rected; courted; consigned. AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions. AD-DRESSTNG, ppr. Speaking or applying to; directing; courting ; consigning. AD-DuCE', v. t. [L. adduco.] To bring forward or intro- duce by way of proof; as, to adduce evidence ; to adduce a witness.— Syn. To offer; present; allege; advance; cite; name; mention; quote. AD-DuCED (ad-duste'), pp. Brought forward; cited; al- leged in argument. AD-Du'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together ; a word ap- plied to those muscles of the body which pull one part to- ward another. AD-DCCER, n. One that adduces. AD-DO'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. AD-DuCTOG, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing hi argument AD-DUCTION, n. The act of bringing forward fcUment - AD-DU€TTVE, a. That brings forward. AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of the body toward another, t AD-DULCE' (ad-duls'), v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To sweet- en. — Bacon. ADTCB, n. An Egyptian weight of 210 okes.— Encyc. AD-E-LAN-Ta'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a province ; a leutenant governor. AIKEL-ING, n. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances- tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is composed of adel, or, rather, (Ethel, the Teutonic term for nobU,jllustrious, and ling, young, posterity. AD'E-LlTE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were con jurers, who predicted fortunes. A-DEL'.O-POD, n. [Gr. a privative, 8n\og, apparent, and ■Kovg, foot.] An animal whose foot is not apparent- Morin. AD-EMP'TION, n. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca tion of a grant, donation, or the like. AD-EN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSnv and ypaw.] That part of anatomy which treats of the glands. AD'EN-OID. a. [Gr. aSnv and £«5oj.] In the form of a gland ; glandiform. AD-EN-0-L061C-AL, a. Pertaining to the doctrine of the glands. AD-EN-OL/0-6Y, n. [Gr. aSrjv and Xoyos.l In anatomy, the doctrine of the glands, their nature, and their uses. AD'E-NOS, n. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also marine cotton. AD-EN-OTO-MY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and ro/xt}.] In anatomy and surgery, a cutting or incision of a gland. — Motrin. AD-EPT, n. TL. adeptus.] One fully skilled or well versed in any art. AD-EPT, a. Well skilled ; completely versed or acquainted with. — Boyle. t AD-EP'TION, n. [L. adeptio.] An obtaining; acquirement. — Bacon. AD-EPT1ST, n. An adept ArXE-QUA-CY, n. [L. adcequatfis.] The state or quality of being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient ; a sufficiency for a particular purpose. — War in Disguise. AD'E-QUATE, a. Correspondent to ; fully sufficient; as, ad equate strength ; an adequate compensation— Syn. Equal; proportionate; sufficient; enough; commensurate, f AD'E-QUaTE, v. t. To resemble exactly.— Shelford. AD'E-QUATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner; in exact proportion ; in a degree equal to the object. AD'E-QUATE-NESS, n. The state of being adequate ; just- ness of proportion or representation. t AD-E-QUa'TION, n. Adequateness.— Bp. Barlow. AD-ES-SE-Na'RI-ANS, n.plu. [L. adesse.] In church history, a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. AD-FEGTED, a. In algebra, compounded ; consisting of different powers of the unknown quantity. See Affected, AD-FIL'I-a-TED, a. Adopted as a son. See Affiliate. AD-FIL-I- a'TION, n. [L. ad and filius.] A Gothic custom, by which the children of a former marriage are put upon ths same footing with those of a succeeding one. AD FTNEM. [L.J To the end. AD-HeRE', v. i. [L. adhcereo.] 1. To stick to, as glutinous substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or held in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figuratively, to hold to, be at- tached, or remain fixed, either by personal union or con- formity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4, To be consistent; to hold together as the parts of a system ; as, " every thing adheres together." Shak. — Syn. To attach; stick; cling; hold ; cleave ; fix. AD-HeR'ENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or ad- hering. 2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment ; fidel- ity ; steady attachment. AD-HER'EN-CY, n. The same as adherence. AD-HeR'ENT, a. Sticking ; uniting, as glue or wax ; united with. AD-HeR'ENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol- lows a leader, party, or profession. — Syn. Follower ; par- tisan ; upholder ; disciple ; supporter ; dependent. AD-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. In an adherent manner. AD-HeR'ER, n. One that adheres ; an adherent. AD-He'SION (ad-he'zhun), n. [L. adhcesio.] 1. The act or state of sticking, or being united and attached to. Adhe sion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a metaphor- ical sense. 2. Sometimes, figuratively, adherence, union, or steady attachment ; opinion. AD-He'SIVE, a. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous substances , apt or tending to adhere. AD-HE'SrVE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner. AD-He'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking or adhering : stickiness; tenacity. AD-HIBIT, v. t. [L. adhibeo.] To use, or apply. [Rarely used.] AD-HI-BF TION, n. Application; use. ADHIL, n. A star of the sixth magnitude in Andromeda AD HOMI-NEM. [L.] To the man; to the interests * principles of the man. AD-HOR-TI'TION, n. [L. adhortatio.] Advice. AD-HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. [L. Adhortor.] Advisory ; com* in ing counsel or warning. A-DI-APH'O-RlTE. See Adiaphorists. I-DI-APH'O-RISTS, n.pl. [Gr. a<5ta0o/>oj.] Moderate Luth',r ans ; a name given in the sixteenth century to certain men that followed Melancthon. See Synopsis. I, E, 1, &c. Umg.~L, % I, &c, short.-FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE BIRD ;— Mo /S,T( »OK. ADJ 15 ADM A-DI-APH'O-ROUS, a. Indifferent ; neutral. — In medicine, denoting a medicine which vnll do neither harm nor good. Ia-DI-APH'O-RY, h. Indifference ; neutrality. A-DIEu' (a-du'), adv. [Fr. a dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an ex- pression of kind wishes at the parting of friends. A-DIEu'. n. A farewell, or commendation to the care of God. AD IN-DEF-I-NT'TUM. [L.] To an indefinite extent. AD IN-FIN-TTUM. [L.] To endless extent. ADTN-OLE. See Pethosilex. AD IN-QUI-REN'DUM. [L.] For inquiry, a writ. AD IN'TER-IM. [L.] In the mean time ; for the present. AD-I-POCER-A.TE, v. t. To convert into adipocere. AD-I-POC-ER-A'TION, n. The act or process of being changed into adipocere. AD'1-PO-CeRE', n. [L. adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance. AD'I-PoSE, a. [L. adiposus.] Fat. Adipose substance, ani- mal fat. Adipose membrane, a cellular membrane contain- ing the fat in its cells. AD'IT, n. [L. aditus.] A horizontal or inclined entrance or passage ; a term in mining, used to denote the opening. t AD-I'TION, n. The act of going to another. AD-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close or contiguous ; a bordering upon, or lying next to. AD-Ja'CENT, a. Lying near; bordering upon. — Syn. Con- tiguous ; near ; adjoining. AD-Ja'CENT, n. That which is next to, or contiguous. — Locke. [Little used.] AD-Ja'OENT-LY, adv. So as to be adjacent. AD-JE^T, v. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing to another. — Macknight. AD-JEGTION, n. The act of adding, or thing added.— Brovm. [Little used.] AD-JE€-Tf"TIOUS, a. Added.— Park kurst. AD'JE-G-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word used with a noun to express a quality of the thing named, or something attrib- uted to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is called, also, an attributive or attribute. Adjective color, a color which requires to be fixed by some base or mordant to give it per- manency. AD'JE€-TIVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective ; as, a word is used adjectively. AD-JOIN', v. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put to by placing in contact ; to unite, by fastening together with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join. AD-JOIN', v. i. To he, or be next to, or in contact ; to be contiguous. t AD-JOIN' ANT, a. Contiguous to.— Carew. AD-JOIN'.ED (ad-joind'), pp. Joined to; united, AD-JOINTNG,ypr.ora. Joining; adjacent; contiguous; near. AD-J6URN' (ad-jurn'), v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] 1. Literally, to put off, or defer to another day ; as, to adjourn the considera- tion of a subject. 2. More distinctively, it denotes a for- mal intermission of business, a putting off to any future meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of pub- he bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with busi- ness. — Syn. To delay ; defer ; postpone ; put off. AD-J6URN', v. i. To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period. AD-J6URN'.ED (ad-jurnd'), pp. 1. Put off, delayed, or defer- red for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or held by adjournment. AD-J6URN1NG, ppr. Deferring; suspending for a time; closir g a session. AD-JdURN'MENT, n. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The putting off till another day, or time specified, or without day. 3. The time or interval during which a public body defei s business ; as, during an adjournment. But a suspen- sion of business, between the forming of a house and an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called a pro- rogation, as the close of a parliament is a dissolution. AD-JUDGE', v. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide in the case of a controverted question by a judicial opinion. — Syn. To de- cree ; award ; determine ; adjudicate. AD-JUD6'ED (ad-judjd'), pp. Determined by judicial opin- ion; decreed; sentenced. AD-JUD6TNG, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion; sen- tencing. AD-JUDfrMENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence. ADJu'DI-GaTE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try and determine, as a court. AD-JuTjI-GaTE, v. i. To try and determine judicially. AD-JuT)I-€a-TED, pp. Adjudged ; tried and decided. \D-.luT>I-€i-TING,£pr. Adjudging; trying and determining. AD JU-DI-CITION, n. 1. The act of adjudging; the act or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A judi- cial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court. t- AD'JU-GaTE, v. t. To yoke to. t AD'JU-MENT, n. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support AD'JUNCT, n. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added to an- other, but not essentially a part of it ; an appendage. — 2. In metaphysics, a quality of the body or the mind, whether nat ural or acquired. — 3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or amplify the force of other words. Adjunct has been used for a colleague, but rarely. — Wotton. AD'JUNCT, a. Added to, or united with ; as, an adjunct pro lessor. AD-JUNCTION, n. The act of joining ; tlie thing joined. AD-JUNGT't VE, a. Joining ; having the quality of joininig AD-JUNCTlVE, n. That which is joined. AD-JUNCT'IVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner. AD-JUN€T'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently. AD-JU-Ri'TION, n. 1. The act of adjuring ; a solemn charg ing on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. The form of oath. — Addison. AD-JuRE', v. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or comraa^ on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath. 3. To conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solemriVy , to entreat earnestly. — Milton. AD-JuR'jED (ad-jiird'), pp. Charged on oath, or witl a de- nunciation of God's wrath ; solemnly urged. AD-JuR'ER, n. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath AD-JuR'ING, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a curse ; beseeching with solemnity. AD-JUST, v. t. [Sp. ajustar.] 1. To make exact ; to fit ; to make correspondent or conformable. — Swift. 2. To put in order; to regulate or reduce to system; as, to adjust the details of a plan. 3. To make accurate ; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the re- sult; as, to adjust an account, or a difficulty. — Syn. To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate ; accommodate ; set right, rectify; settle. AD-JUST' A-BLE, a. That may or can be. adjusted. AD-JUST'ED, pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to a right form or standard ; settled. AD-JUSTER, n. A person who adjusts ; that which regu lates. AD-JUSTING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; making exact or correspondent ; settling. AD-JUSTMENT, n. The act of adjusting ; a reducing to jus. form or order ; a making fit or conformable. — Syn. Suit- ing; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement. AD'JU-TAgE, ~> n. A rube fitted to the mouth of a vessel AJ'U-TA6E, 5 through which water is played in a fountain AD'JU-TAN-CY, n. The office of an adjutant ; skillful ar- rangement. — Burke. AD'JU-TANJF, n. [L. adjutans.] 1. In military affairs, an of- ficer whose business is to assist the superior officers by re- ceiving and communicating orders. — Adjutant-general, in an army, is the chief adjutant. — 2. The adjutant, a very large_ species of crane in India. t AD-JuTE', v. t. To help.— B. Jonson. AD-Ju'TOR, n. A helper. [Little used.] t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping. t AD-Ju'TRIX, n. She who helps. * AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting.— Howell. * AD-Ju'VANT, n. An assistant. — In medicine, an ingredien added to a prescription to aid the operation of the princi- pal ingredient, or basis. * AD-Ju'VaTE, v. t. To help. AD-LE-Ga'TION, n. [L. ad and legatio.] In the public law of the German empire, a right claimed by the states of join- ing their own ministers with those of the emperor in pub- lic treaties. AD LIB'I-TUM. [L.] At pleasure; without restriction. AD-LO-GtJ'TION, n. See Allocution. AD-MeAS'URE (ad-mezh'ur), v. t. 1. To measure or ascer tain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure. 2. To apportion : to assign to each claimant his right , AD-MEAS'URJED (ad-mezh'urd), pp. Measured ; appor- tioned. AD-MeAS'URE-MENT, n. 1. The measuring of dimensions by a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimensions, as- certained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or ascertain ment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. — Blackstone. AD-MSASTEJR-ER, n. One that admeasures. AD-MS AS'UR-ING, ppr. Measuring; apportioning. AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, but not much used. t AD-MIN1-CLE, n. [L. adminiculum.] Help ; support. AD-MIN-ICH-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful. AD-MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. administro.] 1. To act as minister or chief agent in managing public affairs, under laws or a constitution of government, as a king, president, or other supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to administer justice or the sacrament. 3. To afford, give, or furnish ; as, to ad- minister relief. 4. To cause to swear according to law ; as, tc administer an oath. — Syn. To manage; conduct; min- ister ; supply ; dispense ; contribute. AD-MIN1S-TER, v. i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or sup- plies ; to add something. 2. To perform the office of ad ministrator. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— G as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. ADM 16 ADO A ^MINIS-TERM), pp. Executed; managed; governed; afforded , given ; dispensed. AD-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government. &D-MIN'IS-TER-1NG, ppr Executing ; carrying into effect ; giving ; dispensing. AD-MIN'IS-TRA-BLE, a. Capable of administration. AD-MIN'IS-TRaTE, in the place of administer, has been used, but is not well authorized. AD-MIN-IS-TRITION, n. 1. The act of administering ; gov- ernment of public affairs ; the conducting of any office or employment. 2. The executive part of government, con- sisting in the exercise of the constitutional and legal pow- ers, the general superintendence of national affairs, and the enforcement of laws. 3. The persons, collectively, who are intrusted with the execution of la^vs, and the superin- tendence of public affairs. 4. The carrying into effect, or giving forth;* as, the administration of justice, of alms, &c. 5. The management of the estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the proper authority. 6. The power, office, or commission of an administrator. Black- stone. — Syn. Conduct; management; direction; regula- tion ; execution ; dispensation ; distribution. AD-MlN'iS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which one administers. AD-MIN-IS-TRaTOR n. 1. A man who, by virtue of a com- mission from the proper authority, has the charge of the goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dis- penses laws and rights. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, curator, or guardian. AD-MIN-IS-TRi'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an adminis- trator. AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, 7i. A female who administers upon the estate of an intestate ; also, a female who administers government. AD-MI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admirable." AD'MI-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabilis.] To be admired ; wor- thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder, with approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons -or things. — Syn. Wonderful ; excellent ; surprising ; aston ishing. AD'MI-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being admirable ; the power of exciting admiration. AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, min- gled with approbation, esteem, or veneration. AD'MI-RAL, n. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira, ami- ras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the com- mander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral, in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all maritime affairs, and has the government of the navy. 2. The admi- ral of the fleet, the highest officer under the admiralty. 3. The vice admiral is an officer next in rank and command to the admiral. ' 4. The rear admiral is next in rank to the vice admiral. 5. The commander of any single fleet, or, in general, any flag officer. 6. The ship which carries the admiral ; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet. — 7. In zoology, a species of shell-fish. AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral. [Little used.] AD'MI-RAL-TY, n. 1. In Great Britain, the office of lord high admiral. This office is discharged by one person, or by com- missioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admiralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for the trial of maritime causes. In general, a court of admiralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high seas, as prize- causes and the like. 2. The building where the lords of the admiralty transact business. AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo- tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com- pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or excellent. Dry den.— Syn. Wonder; astonishment ; amaze- ment; surprise. AD-MlRE', v. t. [L. admiror.] 1. To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence or affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term for to love greatly.— .Syn. To esteem ; approve ; delight in. [It Is an error to follow this word by an infinitive ; as, " I ad- mire to see a man consistent"] vD-MIRE', v. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur- prise. — Bay. AD-MiIt'ED (ad-mird'), pp. Regarded with wonder minted with pleasurable sensations. ° aD-MiR'ER, n. One who admires ; one who esteems or loves greatly. AD-MIR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with love or esteem. AD-MTR'ING-LY adv. With admiration ; in the manner of on admirer. AD-MIS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible AD-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or con- AD-MIS'SI-BLY, adv. So as to be admitted AD-MIS'SION, n. [L. admissio.] 1. Tne act or practice of admitting; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; powei to approach ; as, admission into the palace. 3. Allowance grant of an argument or position not fully proved ; as, the admissions of the opposing party. — Syn. Admittance ; ac cess ; entrance ; initiation ; concession. AD-MIT. v. t. [L. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or into the mind, or consideration ; as, to admit the thought. 2. To give right of entrance ; as, " This ticket admits the bearer." 3. To allow; to receive as true; as, I admit the fact. 4. To be capable of; as, it admits of doubt. — Syn. To allow ; permit ; grant ; concede ; suffer ; tolerate. AD-MITTA-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed. AD-MITTANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance. 2. Per mission to enter ; the power or right of entrance ; act- ua entrance. 3. Concession; admission; allowance, [not und.] 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom or pre- rogative of being admitted. AD-MITTED. pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow ed; granted; conceded. AD-MITTER, n. He that admits. AD-MITTING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach; al lowing; conceding. AD-MIX', v. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix. AD-MIX'TION (ad-mix'chun), n. [L. admixdo.] A mingling of bodies without chemical change ; a union by mixing dif- ferent substances together. AD-MIX'TURE, n. The substance mingled with another; sometimes the act of mixture, or the state of being mixed. AD-MON'ISH, v. t. [L. admoneo.] 1. To warn of a fault ; to reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against wrong prac- tices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct.. 4. In ecclesiastical affairs, to reprove a member of the church, either publicly or privately ; the first step in church disci pline. AD-MON'ISHED (-isht), pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned , instructed. AD-MONTSH-ER, n. One who reproves or counsels. AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving; warning; counseling, directing. AD-MON'ISH-MENT, n. Admonition.— Shah. AD-MO-Nl"TION, n. 1. Gentle reproof; counseling against a fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction. — 2. In church discipline, a reproof, either public or private, de- siened to reclaim an offender. AD-MO-NI"TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions — Hooker. AD-MON1-TIVE, a. Containing admonition.— Barrow. AD-MON'I-TIVE-LY, adv. By admonition. AD-MON'I-TOR, n. An admonisher ; a monitor. AD-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Containing admonition ; that admon- ishes. AD-MORT-1-Za'TION, n. The reducing of lands or tene- ments to mortmain. AD-M5VE', v. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to; to bring one thing to another. — Brown, [little used.] t AD-MUR-MUR-a'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an- other. AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing to or on something else. AD-Na'TA, n. [L. ad and natus.] 1. In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye. 2. Such parts growing on animal or veg- etable bodies as are usual and natural ; and such, also, as are accidental, as the misletoe. 3. Offsets of plants germ- inating under ground. AD'NITE, a. [L. ad and natus.] In botany, pressing close to the stem, or growing to it. AD'NOUN, n. In grammar, an adjective or attribute. [Lit tie used.] AD-Nu'BI-La-TED, a. Clouded ; obscured. A-Do', n. [qu. a and do.] Bustle ; trouble ; labor ; difficulty as, to make a great ado about trifles. AD-O-LES'CENCE, n. [L. adolcscens.] The state of grow ing, applied to the young of the human race ; youth, or the period of life between childhood and manhood. AD-O-LES'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from childhood to manhood AD-O-Ne'AN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. — Faber. A-Do'Nl-A, n. pi. Festivals, celebrated anciently in honor of Adonis, by females. A-DON'I-G, a. Adonic verse, a short verse, in which the deatb of Adonis was bewailed A-DON'I€, n. An Adonic verse. A-Do'NIS, n. In mythology, the favorite of Venus,. said to be the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. A-DO'NIS, n. In botany, bird's eye, or pheasant's eye. A-Do'NISTS, n. pi. Among critics, a sect or party who main- tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the con- sonants of the word Jehovah are not the natural points be- longing to that word, and that they do not express the true pronunciation of it. t A-DoORS' (a-dorz'), adv. At doors ; at the door. * See Synopsis. A,£,I,&c., long.— i,E, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD;— MoVE. BOOK A.DS 17 ADV COPT", v. fc jL. adopto ] 1. To take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir , to take one who is not a child, and treat him as one. 2. To take or receive, as one's own, that which is not natural^ so ; as, to adopt a theory. 3. To se- lect and take. A-DOPTED, pp. or a. Taken as one's own ; received as son and heir; selected for use. A-DOPT'ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted. A-DOPTER, n. One who adopts. A-DOPTING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son; taking as one's own. A-DOP'TION, n. [L. adoptio.] 1. The act of adopting or the state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a stran- ger as one's own child. 2. The receiving as one's own what is new or not natural. A-DOP'TION-IST, n. One who maintains that Christ was the Son of God by adoption only. — Murdoch. AODOPT'lVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an adopt- ive father ; or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son. A DOPT'IVE, n. A person or thing adopted. A -DoR'A-BLE, a. That ought to be adored ; worthy of di- vine honors. A-DoR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. A-DoR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adoration. AD-O-Rl'TION, n. 1. The act of paying honors to a divine being ; the worship paid to God ; the act of addressing as a god. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem ; profound reverence. A-D5RE',«.t [L. adoro.] 1. To worship with profound rev- erence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god, or as divine. — Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ; to re- gard with the utmost esteem, affection, and respect. — Toiler. 3. To gild or adorn. — Spenser, [obs.] A-DoR'.ED (a-dord 7 ), pp. or a. Worshiped as divine ; highly reverenced ; grealy beloved. t A-DoRE'MENT, n. Adoration.— Brown. A-DoR'ER, n. One who worships or honors as divine ; in popular language, an admiring lover. A-DOR'ING, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine; regarding with great love or reverence. A-DoRTNG-LY, adv. With adoration. A-DORN', v. t. [L. adorno.] 1. To make beautiful; to add to beauty by dress ; to put on external ornaments. 2. To set off to advantage ; to add ornaments to ; to embellish by any thing external or adventitious ; as, to adorn with jew- els. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing. 4. To dis- play the beauty or excellence of; as, "to adorn the doc- trine of God our Savior." — Syn. To deck ; decorate ; em- bellish; ornament; beautify; grace; garnish; dignify; ex- alt; honor. f- A-DORN', n. Ornament. — Spenser. f A-DORN', a. Adorned; decorated — Milton. A-DORN'2£D (a-dornd'), pp. Decked; decorated; embel- lished. A-DORN'ER, 7i. One who adorns. A-DORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting ; decorating ; displaying beauty. A-DORN'ING, n. Ornament; decoration. A-DORN'ING-LY, adv. By adorning. ("A-DORN'MENT, n. Ornament.— Raleigh. AD-OS-€U-La'TION, tj. [L. ad and osculaiio.] The impreg- nation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils ; the inserting of one part of a plant into another. — Qrabbe. A-DOSS'.ED (a-dostf), a. [Fr. adossee.] In lieraldry, placed back to back. A-DOWN', prep, [a and dovm.] From a higher to a lower situation ; downward ; implying descent A-DOWN', adv. Down; on the ground; at the bottom. t A-DREAD' (a-dred'), a. Affected by dread. AD REF-ER-EN'DUM. [L.] For further consideration. I-DRI-AT'IC, a. [L. Adria, or Hadria.] Pertaining to the gulf called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf. I-DRI AT'IC, 7i. The Venetian Gulf. A -DRIFT, a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven ; floating ; im- pelled or moving without direction. AD-RO-Ga'TION, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop- tion in ancient Rome. A -DROIT, a. [Fr.] Active in the use of the hands, and, fig- uratively, in the exercise of the mental faculties ; ready in invention or execution. — Syn. Dextrous; skillful; inge- nious ; expert ; ready. A DROITLY, adv. With dexterity ; in a ready, skillful man ner. — Chesterfield. \. DROITNESS, 7i. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the limbs or the mental faculties. — Home. A- DRY', a. [Sax. adrigan.] Thirsty; in want of drink. AD-SCI-TI"TIOUS, a. [L. ascititius.) Added ; taken as sup- plemental ; additional ; not requisite. iD'SCRIPT, 7i. [L.] One held to service, as attached to some place, &c. ; as, the boors of Russia are adscripts of the soil. D-STRI€TION, 7t. [L. adstrictio.) A binding fast; cos- tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories. AD-STRIC'TO-RY, ? « A3TRINGENT AD-STRIN6'ENT, \ See A3TRINGENT - AD-U-LaTU-A, 71. A semi-transparent variety of albite an feldspar. — Cleaveland. AD-U-La'TION, 7i. [L. adulatio.] Servile flattery; praise in excess ; high compliment. — Shakspeare. AD'H-L a-TOR, 71. A flatterer ; one who offers praise servilely. AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering ; containing excessive praise or compliments ; servilely praising. AD'U-La-TRESS, 7i. A female who flatters with servility. A-DULT, a. [L. adultus.'] Having arrived at mature years.. or to full size and strength. A-DULT, 7i. A person grown to full size and strength, or to the years of manhood. Adult schools are schools intended for persons who were not educated in their youth. t ADTJLT-ED, part. a. Completely grown. A-DUL'TER-ANT, n. The person or thing that adulterates A-DUL'TER-aTE, v. t. [L. adultero.] To make impure by an admixture of baser materials. Boyle. — Syn. To corrupt , defile ; debase ; contaminate ; vitiate ; sophisticate. t A-DUL'TER-aTE, v. i. To commit adultery. A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery; debased by foreign mixture. A-DUL'TER-A-TED, pp. or a. Corrupted ; debased by a mix ture with something of less value. A-DUL'TER-ATE-LY, adv. In an adulterate manner. A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being debased or corrupted. A-DUL'TER-a-TING, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting ; counter- feiting. A-DUL-TER-a'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated, corrupted or debased by foreign ad- mixture. A-DUL'TER-ER, n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul- tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture, an idolater.-— Ezek., xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith ; a very wicked person. — Jer., ix. 4. One devoted to earthly things, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as B A-DUL'TER-ESS, 71. A married woman guilty of inconti- nence. A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous commerce ; spurious. — Hall. A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issuing from an adulterous connection. t A-DUL'TER-lZE, v. t. To commit adultery. A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery ; pertaining to adultery. — 2. In Scripture, idolatrous; very wicked. — Matt., xii. A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner. A-DUL'TER-Y, n. [L. adulterium.] 1. Violation of the mar- riage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person to the marriage bed. — 2. In a Scriptural sense, all manner of lewd- ness or unchastity, as in the seventh commandment. — 3. In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God— Jer., iii. A-DULTNESS, n. The state of being adult AD-UM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow, or slight resem blance. AD-UM'BRITE, tj. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shadow, or slight likeness. AD-UNLBRI'TION, 7i. 1. The act of making a shadow or faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect repre- sentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, the shadow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color darker than the field. t AD-U-Nl'TION, ti. The state of being united; union.— Cranmer. AD-UN'CI-TY, ti. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending in form of a hook. — Arbuthnot. AD-UNCOUS, a. [L. aduncus.] Hooked; bent, or made in the form of a hook. — Bacon. t AD-UN QUE' (ad-unk'), a. Hooked.— Bacon. t A-DuRE', v. t. [L. aduro.] To burn up. A-DUST, a. [L. adustus.] Burned ; scorched ; become 3iy by heat ; hot and fiery. A-DUSTED, a. Become hot and dry ; burned ; scorched. t A-DUSTI-BLE, a. That may be burned up. A-DUS'TION, 71. The act of burning, scorching, or heating to dryness ; a state of being thus heated or dried. AD VA-Lo' REM. [L.J According to the value. An ad va- lorem duty is a certain per centage on the value or price. AD-VaNCE', v. t. [Fr. avancer.] The leading idea is, to bring forward ; as, to advance the standards of an army ; to ad- vance arguments ; hence, to bring or raise to a higher point. 1. In value, to raise ; as, to advance prices. 2. In office, to promote ; as, to advance to the bench. 3. In progress, to accelerate ; as, to advance the growth of any thing. 4. In improvement, to carry forward ; as, to advance the inter- ests of the country. — 5. In money concerns it denotes to pay in advance, or beforehand. — Syn. To bring forward ; allege ; adduce ; assign ; raise ; promote ; elevate ; exalt ; improve; heighten; accelerate. K7 d as'jTs "as~z7 CH as" SH \ TH as in this, t 01 sole*. ADV 18 ADV AD i* NCF.', v. L i. To move or go forward; to proceed. 2. T improve or make progress ; to grow better, greater, wiser, or older. 3. Tc rise in rank, office, or consequence ; to be preferred or promoted. \D-VANCE', n. 1. ^.moving forward or toward the front. 2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an advance in religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement; promotion; pre- ferment 4. First hint by way of invitation ; first step to- ward an agreement. — 5. In trade, additional price ; profit. 6. A giving beforehand; a furnishing of something, on con- tract, before an equivalent is received. 7. A furnishing of mouey or goods for others, in expectation of reimburse- ment ; oi- the property so furnished. — In advance, in front ; belore ; also beforehand ; before an equivalent is received. AD-VaNCE'-GUaRD, > n. 1. The vanguard or first hue of 4 D- VaNCED'-GUaRD, 5 an army. 2. A small party in ad- vance of the mam body of an army. AD-VaNCED' (ad-vansf), pp. Moved forward ; promoted ; improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated in front, or be- fore the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of life. AD-VXN CE'MENT, n. 1. The act of moving forward or pro- ceeding. 2. The state of being advanced in rank or excel- lence ; the act of promoting. 3. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. 4. Provision made by a parent for a child. 5. The payment of money in advance ; money advanced. — Syn. Progress ; progression ; improvement ; proficiency ; promotion ; exaltation ; elevation ; preferment ; enhance- ment. AD-VaNC'ER, n. One who advances ; a prumotei AD-VaNC'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; proceeding; promot- ing ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improving ; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade. AD-VANC'lVE, a. Tending to advance or promote. AD-VANTAGE, n. [Fr. avantage.] 1. Any state, condition, or circumstance favorable to success, prosperity, interest, or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain ; profit. 3. Means to an end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtaining benefit ; as, to operate at an advantage. 4. Favorable state or circum- stances. 5. Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of or over. 6. Superiority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; increase ; overplus ; as, " and with advantage means to pay thy love."— Shaks., [obs.] 8. Additional circumstance to give preponderation. AD-VANTA6E, v. t. 1. To benefit ; to yield profit or gain. 2. To promote ; to advance the interest of. AD-VANTA6E-A-BLE, a. Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Little used.] AD-VaNTAgJ?D, pp. Benefited ; promoted.— Burke. AD-VaNTAgE-GROUND, n. Groimd that gives advantage or superiority ; a state that gives superior advantages for annoyance or resistance. AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage; furnishing convenience or opportunity to gain benefit with to. — Syn. Opportune ; convenient ; profitable ; beneficial ; useful ; gainfu AD- VAN Ta'gEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous manner ; profitably; usefully; conveniently. AD- VAN TI'GEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being advantageous ; profitableness. AD-VaNTAG-ING, ppr. Profiting; benefiting, t AD-VE€-TI"TIOUS, a. Brought in from abroad. AD-VeNE', v. i. [L. advenio.] To accede or come to ; to be added to. [Little used.] AD-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward causes. AD'VENT, n. [L. adventus.] A coming ; appropriately, the coming of our Savior; and in the calendar it includes four Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended as a season of devotion. <- AD-VENTINE, a. Adventitious.— .Bacon. AD-VEN-Ti'TIOUS, a. [L. adventitius.] Added extrinsical- ly; accidental; not essentially inherent; casual; foreign AD-VEN-Ti'TIOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally. AD-VEN-TI'TIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being adventi- tious. AD-VENTJVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious. AD-VENT'iVE, n. The thing or person that comes from without.— Bacon [little used.] AD-VENT'-U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent AD-VENTURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard; 'risk • chance ; that of which one has no direction ; as, at all ad- ven turcs. 2. An enterprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 3. A remarkable occurrence ; a striking event, more or less important ; as, the adventures of one's life. 4. A small amount of property which sailors are permitted to take with them for trading in foreign ports, commonly called a venture. 5. A bill of adventure is a writing or receipt n. [old Fr. advoes.] A chief magistrate of a A-VOY'ER 5 town or canton in Switzerland7 A/D Y, n. The popular name of a species of palm-tree in the West Indies. A-DY-NAMTC, a. Weak ; destitute of strength. A-DYN'A-MY, n. [Gr. a, privative, and Svvap.n, power.] In medicine, weakness occasioned by disease. — Morin. A-D¥'TUM, ?i. [L. ; Gr. cdvrov.] A secret apartment. In an- cient temples, a secret place whence oracles were given. ADZ', v. [Sax. adcse. formerly written in Eng. addicc] An iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the han- dle. M A diphthong in the Latin language, used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Greek at. The Saxon called from Aerius. * a'E-RIE (a'ry, or e'ry), to. [W. eryr.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk ; a brood of such birds. A-ER-I-FI-CI'TION, to. 1. The act of combining air with ; the state of being filled with air. 2. The act ot becoming air, or changing into an aeriform state ; the state of being aeriform. — Fourcroy. aTSR-1-Fi.ED, pp. Having air infused or combined with. A'ER-I-FORM, a. [L. acr and forma.] Having the form or _ nature _of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. A'ER-I-FT, v. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to combine air with. A-ER-0-DY-NAMT€S, to. The science which treats of the mechanical effects of air in motion. A-ER-OG'NO-SY, to. [Gr. anp and yvwai?.] The science which treats of the properties of air, and the part it per- forms in the operations of nature. A-ER-OGHA-PHY, to. [Gr. avp and ypa.] A description of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used. A.'ER-0-LlTE, to. [Gr. avp and Ai0oj.] A stone falling from the air or atmospheric regions ; a meteoric stone. X-ER-0-LOcVI€-AL, a. Pertaining to aerology. A-ER-OL'O-GIST, to. One who isversed in aerology. I-ER-OL'0-GY, to. [Gr. arjp and \oyoq.] A description of the air ; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air. A'ER-O-MAN-CY, to. [Gr. arjp and navrua.] Divination by means of the air and. winds. I-ER-OM'E-TER to. [Gr. arjp and fierpov.] An instrument for making the proper corrections in ascertaining the mean bulk of gases. A-ER-OM'E-TRY, to. The science of measuring the air. now called pneumatics ; the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the gases. A'ER-O-NAUT, to. [Gr. anP and vavrns.] One who sails or floats in the air ; an aerial navigator. — Burke. I-ER.O-NAUTT€,.o. Sailing or floating in the air ; pertain- ing to aerial sailing. A-ER-O-NAUTTCS, to. The doctrine, science, or art of sail- ing in the air by means of a balloon. A'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, to. The practice of ascending and float- ing in the atmosphere in balloons. — Jour, of Scie7ice. A-ER-O-SCEP'SY, to. [Gr. anp and cKz-rouai, to explore.] The faculty of perception by the medium of the air, sup- posed to reside in the antenna? of insects. A-ER-OS'CO-PY, 7i. [Gr. arip and aKz-TuyuiL.] The observa- tion or perception of the air. I'ER-O-PHyTE, to. A plant which lives exclusively in the air. ITR-O-SlTE. See Red Silver. a'ER-O-STAT, n. [Gr. anp and anzros.] A machine or ves- sel sustaining weights in the air ; ar. air balloon. A-ER-O-STATIC, a. Suspending in air ; pertaining to thfl art of aerial navigation. A-ER-O-STATTCS, to. The science of aerial navigation. A-ER-OS-TITION, n. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air — Adams. 2. The science of weighing air. -E-Ru'dlN-OUS. a. Partaking of "copper rust. A'ER-Y-LlGHT. In Milton, light as air ; used for airy light. jES'€HY-NiTE (eske-nite), n. A black or dark brownish yellow ore, from the Ural Mountains, containing titanium, zirconium, and cerium. jES-THETT€ (es-thetik), a. Pertaining to the perception of the beautiful. Sec Esthetic. jES-THET'I€S, n. [Gr. aiaOnag.] The science which treata of the beautiful, or of the theory and philosophy of taste .ES-TI-VaTION (es-te-va'shun), n. See Estivation. a-E-THE-OG'A-MOUS, a. The same as crvptogamic. jE-TI-OL'O-GY, to. [Gr. atria and Aoyo?.] The science of the causes of disease. Sec Etiology jE-Ti'TeS, 7i. Eagle stone. A-FaR', adv. [a and far.] 1. At a distance in place ; to or D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;--AN"GER, Vl"CI0US.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. AFF 20 AFF fr*>j- i }!***$• - 2. In Scripture, figuratively, estranged in a&e a u nl^n^ted. 3. Absent; not assisting. t A.-FEA&D-. a. [Sax. afera\ J Afraid ; affected with fear or aopreiiei«?ion. fFT^A, n. A. weight of an ounce, used on the Guinea coast. AF-FA-F1LI-TY, n. The quality of being affable ; readiness to converse ; courteousness in receiving others, and in con- versation ; condescension in manners. — Syn. Courtesy ; com teousness ; urbanity ; civility ; complaisance. AF'FA-BLE, a. [L. qffabilis.) 1. Easy of conversation ; ad- mitting others to free conversation without reserve ; of easy manners ; condescending ; usually applied to superi- ors. 2. Applied to external appearance, affable denotes that combination of qualities which invites to conversation, and renders a person accessible; opposed to forbidding', as, affable deportment. — Syn. Courteous ; civil ; complai- sant ; accessible ; mild : benign ; condescending. AF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Affability. AF'FA-BLY, adv. In an affable manner ; courteously ; invit- ingly. t AF'FA-BROUS, a. Skillfully made. A F-FAB-U-L A'TION, n. The moral of a fable.— Knowles. AF-FaIR', n. [Fr. affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ; state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the singu- lar, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial en- gagement of troops. 4. Affairs, in the plural, denotes pub- he concerns and their management ; as, " at the head of affairs" — Junius; "a talent for affairs." — Prescott. AF-FAM1SH, v. t. [Fr. affamir.] To starve. tAF-FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Starvation. AF-FeAR' (af-fereO, v. t. To frighten.— Spenser. [Obs.] See Affeer. AF-FE-GT, v. t. [L. officio, affectum.] 1. To act upon ; to pro- duce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or move the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or entertain pretension to ; as, to " affect imperial sway." — Dryden, [lit- tle used.] 4. To tend to by natural affinity or disposition. 5. To love, or regard with fondness ; [this sense is closely connected with the third.] 6. To make a show of ; to at- tempt to imitate in a manner not natural ; to study the ap- pearance of what is not natural or real. — Syn. To influ- ence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue ; overcome : pretend ; assume ; put on. AF-FECT-ITION, n. [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to as- sume or exhibit what is not natural or real ; false pretense ; artificial appearance or show. 2. Fondness ; affection. — Hooker, [not used.] AF-FECTED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved or touched, either in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3. Having the passions moved. — a. 1. Inclined or disposed ; followed by to ; as, well affected to the state. 2. Given to false show ; assuming or pretending to possess what is not natural or real. 3. Assumed artificially ; not naturally. — 4. In algebra, this term, when applied to an equation, denotes that two or more several powers of the unknown quantity enter into the equation. AF-FECTED-LY, adv. In an affected manner; hypocriti- cally ; with more show than reality ; formally ; studious- ly; unnaturally. AF-FECTED-NESS, n. The quality of being affected ; af- fectation. AF-FECT-I-BILl-TY, n. The state of being affectible. AF-FECTI-BLE, a. That may be affected. AF-jr ECTING, ppr. 1. Impressing ; having an effect on ; touching the feelings ; moving the passions ; attempting a false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a. Having power to excite or move the passions ; tending to move the affections.— Syn. Pathetic ; tender ; feeling. AF-FECTING-LY, adv. In an affecting manner ; in a man- ner to excite emotions. A F-FEOTION, n. 1. The state of being affected [little used.] 2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind toward a particular object, holding a middle place between disposition, which is natu- ad, and passion, which is excited by the presence of its ex- citing object. 4. A settled good will, love, or zealous at- tachment; as, the affection ofa parent for his child. 5 De- sire ; inclination ; propensity, good or evil. 6. An attri- bute, quality, or property, which is inseparable from its object; as, love, fear, and hope are affections of the mind. — 7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid state of the body ; as, a gouty affection.— 3. In painting, a lively representation of passion.— Syn. Passion; attach- ment ; tenderness ; fondness ; kindness ; love ; good will AF-FEC'TION-ATE, a. [Fr. affectionne.] 1. Having great love or affliction ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous. 3. Proceeding from affection ; indicating love ; benevolent. 4. Strongly inclined to.— Syn. Tender ; attached ; loving ; devoted ; warm ; fond ; earnest. With affection; fondly; ten- Fondness ; good will ; affec 1 AF-FE€TION-ATE-LY, adv. derly ; kindly. — 1 Thess., ii, AF-FEC'TION-ATE-NESS, n tion. AF-FE-G'TIOKED, a. 1. Disposed; having an affection of heart. — Rom., xh. 2. Affected ; conceited. — Shak., [obs.] t AF-FEC'TIOUS-LY, adv. In an affecting manner. AF-FECTIVE, a. That affects or excites emotion ; suited to affect, [little used.] AF-FE-GTiVE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man- ner. AF-FE-GTOR, > n. One who affects ; one whe practices af- AF-FE€T'ER, j fectation. t AF-FECTU-OUS, a. Full of passion.— Lcland. t AF-FECT-U-OSI-TY, n. Passionateness. t AF-FEER, v. t. [Fr. affier.] To confirm. AF-FEER', v. t. [Fr. offerer.] In law, to assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum. — Black- stone. AF-FEER'.ED (af-feerd*), pp. Moderated in sum ; assessed ; reduced to a certainty. AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of affeering. AF-FEER'OR, n. One who affeers.— Cowel. AF-FE T- TV- O'S O, or CON AF-FE 7" TO. [It.] In music, a direction to render notes soft and affecting. AF-Fl'ANCE, n. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con- tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust, especially in God ; confidence ; reliance. AF-Fl'ANCE, v. t. 1. To betroth ; to pledge one's faith or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To give confidence. — Pope. AF-Fl'ANCED (af-f l'anst), pp. or a. Pledged in marriage > betrothed ; bound in faith. AF-Fi'ANC-ER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage between parties. AF-Fl'ANC-ING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising fidelity. t AF-FI-D a'TION, ? , r h , r . t AF-FI-D a/TURE i n ' ^ utual contract. AF-FI-D a'VIT, n. '[an old law verb in the perfect tense; he made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in writing, sworn to before a magistrate. AF-Fl'ED (af-f ide*), part, or a. Joined by contract ; affianced. t AF-FlLE', v. t. [Fr. affiler.] To polish.— Chaucer. AF-FILI-aTE, v. i. [Fr. affilier.] 1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son. 2. To receive into a society as a member, and initiate in its mysteries, plans, or intrigues ; a sense in which the word was much used in France during the revolution. AF-FILI-a-TED, pp. or a. Adopted ; associated ; received into a society or union. AF-FIL'1-A.-TING, ppr. or a. Adopting ; associating ; receiv- ing into a society or union. AF-FIL-I- a'TION, n. 1. Adoption ; association in the same famil y or society. — 2. In English law, the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father. — Branded Cyc. AFTIN-AGE, n. A refining of metals. t AF-FiN'JED (af-flnd), a. [L. affinis.] Joined by affinity ; re- lated. — Spenser, [obs.] AF-FIN1-TY, n. [L. affinitas.] 1. The relation contracted by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred and between a wife and her husband's kindred ; in contradis- tinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; relation ; conformity; resemblance; connection. — 3. In chemistry, attraction at insensible distances between the heterogene - ous particles of bodies, causing them to form compounds. AF-FiRM', v. t. [L. affirmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to tell with confidence ; to declare the existence of something ; to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To make firm ; as, to affirm the decision of a court. — Syn. To assert ; aver ; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch ; confirm ; establish ; ratify. AF-FiRM', v. i. To declare solemnly. AF-FiRM' A-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declai ed. AF-FiRM'A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation. AF-FIRM'ANCE, n. 1. Confirmation ; ratification ; as, the affirmance of a judgment 2. Declaration ; affirmation, lit- AF-FiRM'ANT, n. One who affirms. AF-FiRM- A'TION, n. 1. The act of affirming or asserting as true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared as true ; averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an establishing of what had been before done or decreed. 4. A solemn declaration, made under the penalties of perjury, in lieu of taking an oath. AF-FiRM'A-TfVE, a. 1. That affirms or asserts ; declarato- ry of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirmative; ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive ; as, affvrw,ative quantities 4. Positive ; dogmatic. — Taylor, [obs.] AF-FIRM' A-Tf VE, n. That side of a question which affii ms or maintains ; opposed to negative. AF-FiRM'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner , pos itively ; on the affirmative side of a question. ' See Synopsis. A, E, I, iUew; again ; recently , after intermission. iFR! C*A, *. [qu '.. a neg., and frigus.] One of the four quartvrs oi lary>st divisions of the globe. AFRIC, ?i. Airica.— Shak. AFRlS) AN \ a - 1Jertainin a t0 Africa - AF'RI-CAN,' n. A native of Africa. This name is given, also to the African marigold. A-FR6N'l v (a-fruntf), adv. In front— Shah. 'AFT, a. i-r adv. [Sax. aft, eft.] In seamen's language, a word used tti denote the stern of a sliip ; toward the stern. Fore and aft is the whole length of a ship. AFTER, a. [the comparative degree of aft.] 1. In marine language, more aft, or tpAvard the stern of the ship ; as, the after sails. — 2. In common language, later hi time ; as, an after period ot life. — Marshall. In this sense the word is often combined with the following noun, as in afternoon. AFTER, prep. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as, after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind ; fol- lowing ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. According to. 6. According to the direction and influence of. XFTER adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the apace of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many- words, forming compounds, but retaining its genuine sig- nification. XFTER-AG-CEPT-a'TION, n. A sense not at first admit- ted. — Knowles. aFTER-AG-COUNT, n. A subsequent reckoning. AFTER-ACT, n. A subsequent act. aFTER-a'GES, n. pin. Later ages ; succeeding times. — After-age, in the singular, is not improper. — Addison. AFTER-ALL' is a phrase, signifying when all has been con- sidered, said, or done ; at last ; in the final result. — Pope. AFTERr-BAND, n. A future link or connection. — Milton. AFTER-BIRTH, n. The placenta in which the fetus is in- volved, and which comes away after delivery. — Wiseman. AFTER.-CLAP, n. An unexpected and disagreeable subse- quent event. — Halliwell. AFTER-CoM'ER, n. A successor. aFTER-€6M'FORT, n. Future comfort.— Jonson. aFTER-CON'DUGT, n. Subsequent behavior. XFTER-CON-VIC'TION, n. Future conviclfen. AFTER-COST, n. Later cost; expense after the execution of the main design. — Mortimer. AFTER-BOURSE, n. Future course.— Brown. aFTER-GROP, n. The second crop in the same year. — Mortimer. AFTER-DaYS, n.pl. Future days.— Congreve. aFTER-DI-VULg'ER, n. A subsequent divulger.— Baxter. XFTER-eATAgE, n. Part of the increase of the same year.— Burn. [Local] aFTER-EN-DeAV'OR, n. An endeavor after the first or former effort. [ AFTER-EYE', v. t. To keep one in view.— Shak. aFTER-GaME', n. A subsequent scheme or expedient. — Wotton. iFTER-GUXRD, n. The seamen stationed on the poop of the ship to attend the after-sails. AFTER- HoPE, n. Future hope.— Jonson. AFTER- HOURS, n. pi. Hours that follow.— Shah. aFTER-IG'NO-RANCE, n. Subsequent ignorance. aFTER-INGS, n.plu. The last milk that can be drawn from a cow in milking ; strokings. — Grose. aFT'ER-KJNG, n. A succeeding king.— ShncJcford. aFTER-LiFE, n. 1. Future life, or the life after this.— __ Dry den. 2. A later period of life ; subsequent life. AFTER-LIVER, n. One who lives in succeeding times. — Sidney. AFTER-LOVE (-luv), n. The second or later love. AFTER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice.— Dryden. XFTER.-MATH, n. A second crop of grass in the same sea- son ; rowen.— Holland. FTER-MoST, a. superl. In marine language, nearest the stem ; opposed to foremost ; also, hindmost. XFTE R-NOON', n. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening. »Ov FR_PaINS ' n - pl The P 3 ^ which succeed child-birth. IF I LR -PaRT, n. The latter part.— In marine language, the part of a ship toward the stern. CE, n. A piece performed after a play ; a farce qual- or other small entertainment. AFTTSR-PROOF, 7i. Subsequent proof or evidence ities known by subsequent experience. AFTER-RE-PENTANCE, ti. Subsequent repentance AFTER-RE-PoRT, 7i. Subsequent report.— South aFTER-SaILS, n.pl. The sails on the mizzen-mast and etayri between the main and mizzen masts. aFTKR-STagE, 7i. A subsequent stage. A'T'ER-STaTE, 7i. The future state.— Glanville aFTER-STTNG, ti. Subsequent sting.— Herbert. AFTER-STORM, n. A succeeding storm. AFTER-SUP'PEIt, 7i, to bed.— Shak. The time between supper and going AFTER-SWARM, 7t. A swa. m of bees which leaves tho hive after the first. AFTER-TASTE, ti. A taste which succeeds eating and drinking. AFTER-THOUGHT (-thawt), n. Reflections after an act ; later thought, or expedient occurring too late. AFTER-TlME, ti. Succeeding time —Dryden. AFTER-TOSS'lNG, ti. The swell or agitation of the set after a storm. — Addison. AFTER- WARD, adv. In later or subsequent time. AFTER-WlSE, a. Wise afterward, or too late. AFTER-WIT, 7i. Subsequent wit; wisdom that comes too late. — L' Estrange. AFTER-WITNESS, ti. A subsequent or future witness. AFTER- WRATH, 7i. Later wrath ; anger after the prove cation has ceased. — Shak. AFTER-WRiTER, ti. A succeeding writer. A'GA, ti. In the Turkish dominions, a commander or chiet officer. * A-GAIN' (a-gen'), adv. [Sax gean, agen, agean. ongean.] 1. A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something further, or additional to one or more particulars. — Again and again, often ; with frequent repetition. * A-GAINST (a-gensf), prep. [Sax. togeanes.] 1. In opposi tion ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition, noting contrariety, contradiction, or repugnance ; as, against justice. 3. In opposition, noting competition, or different sides or parties ; as, two against three. 4. In an opposite direction ; as, against the stream. 5. Opposite in place ; abreast ; as, against the light-house. 6. In. opposition, not- ing adversity, injury, or contrariety to wishes ; as, against my wishes. 7. Bearing upon ; as, against the house. 8. In provision for ; in preparation for ; as, against the time of need. t AGA-LAX-Y, ti. Want of milk. AG'AL-LOCH, )n. A resinous wood, of a highly aro- A-GAL'LOCH-UM, 5 matic smell, brought from the East Indies, and used hi making pastils, &c. AG-AL-MATO-LlTE, n. [Gr. aya^a and Xi0 os .] A soft stone, carved into images in China, and hence called fig- ure-stone. It appears like soap-stone, but contains alumina instead of magnesia. t AG'A-MIST, ti. One who is unmarried. — Coles. AGA-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and yapus-] In botany, having no vis- ible organs of fructification. — Lindley. A-GAPE', adv. or a. Gaping, as with wonder ; expectaticn or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open. — Milton, AG'A-Pe, ti. ; pi. Agapje. [Gr. ayairn.] Among the primitive Christians, a love feast, or feast of charity. AGAR-IC, ti. [Gr. ayapiKov.] 1. In botany, a genus of fun gi, containing numerous species. The agaric of the oak is called touchwood, from its readiness to take fire. 2. In mineralogy, the agaric mineral is a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, formed in caverns and fissures of lime stone. It is used as an astringent and styptic. A-GAST, } a. [qu. a contraction of agazed.] Struck with A-GHAST, j terror or astonishment ; amazed ; struck si- lent with horror. A-GAS'TRI-A, n. plu. [Gr. a and ya$np.] A class of marine animals, supposed to be destitute of intestines. — Kirby. t A-GITE', adv. On the way ; going. AGATE, ti. [Fr. agate.] A semi-pellucid, uncrystallized va riety of quartz, presenting various tinfe in the same speci men. The colors are delicately arranged in stripes, bands, or clouds. When they take an angular shape, like that of a fortification, it is called the fortification agate, as in tho Scotch pebble. AGATE, ti. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so called from the agate in the middle of it. AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to agate. AG'A-TlNE, ti. A genus of shells, oval or oblong. AGA-TlZ-ED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of ag ate. Agatized wood, a kind of agate resulting from the pet rifaction of wood, and still showing something cf its tex ture. AG'A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate.— Woodward. A-Ga'Ve. ti. [Gr. ayavog.] The American aloo. t A-GaZE', v. t. To strike with amazement. t A-GaZ'£D (a-gazd 7 ), pp. Struck with amazement. AGE, 7i. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being whether animal, vegetable, or other kind 2 That part of the duration of a being which is between its beginning and any given time. 3. The latter part of life, or long-contin- ued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of human life- marked by a difference of state. 5. The period when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for himself, or when he ceases to be controlled by parent, or guardians ; as, in our country, both males and females are of age at twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ; ri j?eness r J'stre % gth or discretion. 7. The time of life for con-eivh % < chil 4-en. 8. A particular period of time, as distingu^sheu/'from oth ers ; as, the golden age. 9. The people w ho live at a par ticular period; hence, a generation and 3 succession oJ Sec Synopsis. A, E. T, &c, long.—S., fi, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MAHINE~BiRD ; " M0\ F !" QQR- AGG 23 AG! generations; as, ages yet unborn. 10. A century; the peri- od of one hundred years. — Syn. Time ; period ; genera- tion ; date ; era ; epoch ; maturity ; ripeness. A '* in all its aspects, eifner alone or in discus- sions vviti 1 others. — Syn. To move ; shake ; excite ; rouse ; disturb; distract ; revolve ; consider; deliberate; discuss; debate; canvas «; controvert; examine. aG'1-Ta-TED, pp or a. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; moved violentl/ and irregularly; disturbed; discussed; tensidered. •Vdl-TI-TING, p^r. Shaking; moving with violence; dis- turbing; disputing; contriving. A.6-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of shaking ; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action ; commotion. 2. Disturbance of tranquillity in the mind ; excitement of passion. 3. Discussion ; examination of a subject in con- troversy. 4. A state of being deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance or plan to be adopted. — Syn. Disturb- ance ; commotion ; excitement ; emotion ; trepidation ; tremor. Ad'I TA-TIVE, a. Having a tendency to agitate. A A-I- Ta'TO (aj-i-ta'to), [It.] In music, a broken style of per- formance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation. Ad'I-TA-TOR, n. One who agitates ; also, an insurgent; one who excites sedition or revolt In Cromwell's time, certain officers, appointed by the army to manage their concerns, were called agitators. AG'LET, In. [Fr. aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a point curved XIG'LET, J into the representation of an animal, generally of a man : a small plate of metal. — 2. In botany, a pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the rose and tulip. AG'LET-BI'BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace. — Shah. AG'MIN-AL, a. [L. agmen.] Pertaining to an army or troop. [Little used.] AG'N ILL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflamma- tion round the nail. AG'NITE, a. [L. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's side. AG'NaTE, n. Any male relation by the father's side. — En- cyc. AG-NITl, n. pi. [L.] Relations by the father's side. AG-NATTG, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of an- cestors. — Blackstone. AG-Na'TION, n. Relation by the father's side only, or de- scent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which in- cludes descent in the male and female lines. AGNEL, n. [from agnus.] An ancient French coin, value twelve sols, six deniers. AG-NI"TION, n. [L. agnitio.] Acknowledgment. — Pearson. [Little used.] t AG-NlZE', v. t. To acknowledge.— Shalt. AG-No'MEN, n. [L.] An additional name given to a person bv way of praise or dispraise. AG-NOM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. agnomino.] To name. [Rare.] 4G-NOM-IN-ATION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional name or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of some act, achievement, &c. ; a surname. 2. Allusion of one word to another by sound. AG'NUS -GAS'TUS, n. [L.] A plant, a species of vitex, so called fromjts imagined virtue of preserving chastitv. AG'NUS DEfl, n. [L. Lamb of God.] In the Roman Catholic Church, a cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, supporting the banner of the cross ; also, a prayer begin- ning with these words. AG'NUS SCYTH'I-GUS, n. [L. Scythian lamb.] A name applied to a species of fern resembling a lamb. A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago. AGOG', adv. [Fr. agogo, It. agognare, ardently to desire.] In a state of desire ; highly excited by eagerness after an object. A-GoTNG. In motion ; as, to set a mill agjing. . I S'GON, n. [Gr.] The contest for the prize. A-GONE' (a-gawn'). pp. Ago; past; since, [nearly obs.] AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. ny^vin/.toc.] Contention for a prize. AG'O-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in public games. Milton has used Asronistes in this sense. AG-O-NISTIC, ) a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, contests AG-0-NIST'I€AL, S of strength, or athletic combats.— Eh- field. AG-O-NISTTC-AL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner; like prize-fighting. AG'O-NlZE, v. i. [Gr. ay tdvi^w.l To writhe with extreme pain :_to suffer violent anguish. — Pope. AG'O-NlZE, v. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to torture. — Pope. A-G'O-NlZ'JSD, pp. Distressed with excessive pain ■ tor- tured. AG'O-NlZ-ING.jppr. 1. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with torture. 2. a. Giving extreme pain. ACO-NlZ-lNG-LY. adv. With extreme anguish. ♦ AG-O-NO-THkTE', n. An officer who presided over the games in Greece. * AG-0-NO-THET1C, a. Pertaining to the president of the games. AG'O-NY, n. [Gr. rzywv.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme * See Synopsis A, E. T, rodentia, of the size of a rabbit. [ A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. An illiterate person. A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrarian.] 1. Relating to lands. Appro- priately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of lands, as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the con- quered and other public lands equally among all the citi- zens. 2. Pertaining to agrarianism. A-GRa'RI-AN, n. One in favor of an equal division of prop- erty among the inhabitants of a country. A-GRaHI-AN-ISM, n. An equal division of lands ctt prop- erty, or the principles of those who favor such a dn ision. A-GREE', v. i. [Fr. agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har- monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or without con- tention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit : follow- ed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of par- ties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a com- promise of differences ; to be reconciled. 6. To come to one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to contradict or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be simi- lar. 9. To suit; to be accommodated or adapted to. — Syn. To assent; agree; concur; consent; acquiesce; comply; correspond ; answer ; harmonize ; quadrate ; tally ; coin- cide ; comport. A-GREE', v. t. To admit or come to one mind concerning ; as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make frieads ; to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual- and hardly legitimate. t A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Easiness of disposition.— CJtaucer. A-GREE' A-BLE, a. 1. Suitable ; conformable ; correspond- ent ; consistent with. 2. In pursuance of ; in conformity with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree- able manners. A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Suitableness ; conformity ; consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness, [obs.] A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. 1. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man- ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist- ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner, [obs.] A-GREED', pp. 1. Being in concord or harmony of opinion; of one mind. 2. Assented to ; admitted. 3. Settled by consent ; implying bargain or contract. A-GREE'ING, ppr. Living in concord ; concurring ; assent ing ; settling bv consent. A-GREE'ING-LY, adv. In conformity to. [Little used.] t A-GREE'ING-NESS, n. Consistency ; suitableness. A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Concord; harmony; conformity. 2- Union of opinions or sentiments ; accordance. 3. Resem- blance ; conformity ; similitude. 4. Union of minds in re- gard to a transfer of interest; bargain; compact; con- tract ; stipulation. — 5. In grammar, concord. t A-GRES'TIAL, ~i a. [L. agrcstis.] Rural ; rustic ; pertain- A-GRES'TI€, > ing to fields or the country ; in opposi- A-GRES'TI€-AL, ) tion to the city ; unpolished. A-GRIC-O-LI'TION, n. Cultivation of soil. AG'Rl-€UL-TOR n. One whose occupation is to till the groxmd ; a fanner ; a husbandman. AG-RI-€UL'TUR-AL, a. Pertaining to husbandry, tillage, or the culture of the earth. ACRI-CUL-TURE, n. [L. ager and cultura.] The cultiva- tion of the ground, for the purpose of producing vegeta- bles and fruits, for the use of man and beast on a large scale, in distinction from horticulture, or the cultivation of gardens. — Syn. Husbandry ; tillage ; culture. AG-RI-€UL'TUR-ISM, n. The art or science of agriculture. [Little used.] AG-RI-CUL'TUR-IST, n. One skilled in agriculture ; a. skill ful husbandman. ACRI-MO-NY, n. [L. argemonia.] A genus of plants of sev- eral species ; a mild astringent and stomachic. AG-RIP-PINI-ANS, n. plu. In Church history, the followers of Acrrippinus, bishop of Carthage. — Encyc. t A-GRlSE', v. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver. t A-GRlSE', v. t. To terrify ; also, to make frightful A'GROM. n. A disease frequent in Bengal. AG-RO-STEM'MA, n. A genus of plants. A-GROS'TIS, n. [Gr. nyp^an;.] Bent grass. A-GROS-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the grasses. A-GROS-TOL'0-6Y, n, The science of the grasses.- Brande A-GROUND', adv. 1. On the ground ; a marine te-'rn, signi- fying that the bottom of a ship rests on the givund, foi want of a sufficient depth of water. 2. Figuratively, stop ped; impeded by insuperable obstacles. FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;- M* : ffi fi" OK, AIM 25 AIR X'GSE (a'gu), n, [Sax. age, oga, or hoga.] 1. The cold fit which precedes a fever, or a paroxysm of fever in inter- mittents. It is accompanied with shivering. 2. Chilliness ; a chi .1, or state of shaking with cold, though in health. 3. It is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan. — Ague of ill* face, a term popularly applied, though not with medical propriety, to a swelling of the sides of the face, attended with inflam- mation. — Forby. A'GOE, v. t. To cause a shivering in ; to strike with a cold fit — Haywood. A'G OE-G IKE, n. A hard tumor on the left side of the belly, lower than the false ribs. A'Gu ED (a'-gude), a. Chilly ; having a fit of ague ; shiver- ing with cold or fear. — Shak. A'GuE-FIT, n. A paroxysm of cold, or shivering ; chilli- ness. A'GuE-PROOF, a. Able to resist agues ; proof against agues. r A-GUERHY, v. t. f Fr. aguerrir.] To inure to the hardships of war ; to instruct in the art of war. A'GuF-SPELL, 7z. A charm or spell to cure or prevent ague. — Gay. A'GuE-STRUGK, a. Struck with ague— Heicyt. A'Gt5E-TREE, n. A name sometimes applied to sassafras. t A-GUlSE' (a-gize'), v. t. To dress ; to adorn. — Spenser. t A-GUlSE', 7t. Dress.— More. A'GU-ISH, a. Chilly ; somewhat cold or shivering ; having the qualities of an ague. A'GU-ISH-NESS, n. Chilliness ; the quality of being aguish. A-GUIL-LA-NEuF', n. A form of rejoicing among the an- cient Franks on the first day of the year. I'GUL, n. A shrub, a species of the hedysarum. 1H. An exclamation expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c, according to the man- ner of utterance. a-Ha'. 1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or simple surprise ; but the senses are distinguished by veiy different modes of utterance, and different modifica- tions of features. 2. n. A sunk fence, not visible without near approach; it has been, however, more commonly called ha-ha — Mason. A-HAN'I-GER, n. A name of the gar-fish. A -HEAD' (a-hed / ), adv. 1. Further forward than another thing ; in front ; originally a sea term, denoting further for- ward than another ship. 2. Onward ; forward ; toward the point before the stem or head ; as, move ahead. 3. Headlong ; precipitantly. — L 1 Estrange. t A-HElGHT' (a-hite'), adv. Aloft ; on high t A-HlGH', adv. On high. t A-HoL_D', adv. Near the wind. — Shak. A-H5U'aI. n. A poisonous species of plum. A.-HOY', exclam. A sea term used in hailing. aH'RI-MAN. See Amman. A-HULL', adv. With the sails furled and the helm lashed, as a ship in a storm. f-A-HUN"GRY. a. H\msry.—Shak. A.I, n. The three-toed sloth. — Brande. AID, v. t. [Fr. aider.] To afford assistance. — Syn. To help ; assist ; support ; sustain ; succor ; relieve. AID, n. 1. Help; succor; support; assistance. 2. The per- son who aids or yields support ; a helper ; an auxiliary. — 3. In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament. — 4. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation. aID'ANCE, n. Aid; help; assistance. — Shak., [little used.] \ AIDANT, a. Helping ; helpful ; supplying aid. * AIH-DE—6AMP (aid'de-kong), ?i. In military affairs, an officer whose duty is to receive and communicate the or- ders of a general officer. [It is desirable that this word should be naturalized, and no longer pronounced aid-de- kong.] _ID'ED, pp. Assisted ; supported ; furnished with succor. AlD'ER, n. One who helps ; an assistant or auxiliary. AlD'ING, ppr. Helping ; assisting. AlD'LESS, a. Helpless ; without aid ; unsupported ; unde- fended. — SJuik. til'GRE, a. Sour.— Craven dialect. Al'GRET, > 7i. 1. In zoology, the name of a small white AIGRETTE, 5 heron.— 2. In botany, [see Egret.] 3. A tuft, _ as of feathers, diamonds, &c. aI'GU-LET, n. A point or tag, as at the ends of fringes. See Aiglet. aIKHAW, ti. A name of a species of lichen or moss. AlL, v. t. [Sax. eglian.] To trouble ; to affect with uneasi- _ ness, either of body or mind. \IL, ib. Indisposition, or morbid affection. AlL/ING, ppr. Diseased; indisposed; full of complaints. AiL'MENT, 7i. Disease ; indisposition ; morbid atfection of the body. AIM, v. i. [qu. Ir. oigham.] 1. To point at with a missive weapon.. 2. To direct the intention or purpose ; to attempt *o reach or accomplish ; to tend toward ; to endeavor ; to guess. — Shah., [obs.] Followed by at. DAVE AIM, v. t. To direct or point as a weapon; to direct to s p» _ ticular object ; as, to aim a musket. AIM, 7i. 1. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon the direction of any thing to a particular point or object with a view to strike or affect it. 2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be affected. 3. A purpose , intention ; design ; scheme. 4. Conjecture ; guess. — Sperp ser, [not used.]— Syn. End; object; scope; drift; design purpose ; intention ; scheme. AIMED, pp. Pointed ; directed ; intended to strike or affect aIM'ER 7t. One who aims, AIMING, ppr. Pointing a weapon at an object; directing any thing to an object ; intending ; purposing. IIM'LESS^ a. Without aim.— May. AIR, 7i. [Fr. air; L. aer; Gr. anp.] 1. The fluid which we breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless, elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied, and condensed. Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consisi ing of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote. The body of ail surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. 2. An aer iform body ; a gas ; as, oxygen is called vital air. 3. All in motion; a light breeze. 4. Vent; utterance abroad, publication ; publicity. 5. A tune ; a short song, or piece of music adapted to words ; also, the peculiar modulation of the notes, which gives music its character ; as, a soft air. A song or piece of poetry for singing ; the leading part of a tune. 6. The peculiar look, appearance, manner, or mien of a person. It is applied to manners or gestures, as well as to features. 7. Airs, in the plural, is used to denote an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; as, he puts on airs. — 8. In painting, that which expresses the life of action ; manner ; gesture ; attitude. 9. Any thing light or uncertain ; that is light as air. 10. Advice ; intelligence ; information. — Bacon, [obs.] To take the air, to go abroad for an airing. To take air, to come before the public. AIR, v. t. 1. "To expose to the air; to give access to the open air ; to ventilate ; as, to air a room. 2. To expose to _ heat ; to warm. 3. To dry by a fire ; to expel dampness. aIRA, 7i. Hair-grass, a genus of plants. AlR'-BAL-LOON'. See Balloon. aIR'-BAL-LOON'IST, n. One who makes or uses air-bal- loons. — Kirby. AlR'-BLAD-DER, n. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air; also, the bladder of a fish containing air, by which it main- _ tains its equilibrium in the water. IIR'-BORN, a. Born of the air. — Congreve. AlR'-BoRNE, a. Borne in or by the air. IIR'-BRaV-ING, a. Braving^ the winds.— Shak. HR'-BUILT, a. Erected in the air ; having no solid founda tion ; chimerical. aIR'-CELLS, n.pl. Cells containing air. Such cells render some plants buoyant in water. aHL'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air ; imaginary. — Shak. AlR-ED, pp. Exposed to air; cleansed by air; heated or dried by exposure to a fire ; ventilated. aIR'ER 71. 1. One who exposes to the air. 2. A stand for airing clothes. HR'-GUN, 7i. A pneumatic enerine resembling a musket, to discharge bullets by means ol air. AlR'-HoLD-ER 7i. An instrument for holding air. AlR'-HoLE, 7i. An opening to admit or discharge air. . IIR'I-LY, adv. In an airy manner. AlRT-NESS, n. 1. Exposure to a free current of air; open- ness to the air. 2. Gayety ; liveliness. AlR'ING, ppr. Exposing to the air ; warming ; drying. AIRING, 7i. 1. An exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warm- ing or drying. 2. A walk or ride in the open air ; a short excursion. XHt'-JAGK-ET, 7i. A jacket with air-tight cavities or ceus, which, being inflated, will sustain a perssn in water. AlR'LESS, a. Not open to a free current of air ; wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air. IHl'LING, 7i. A thoughtless, gay person. — Jonson. AlR'-PIPE, 7i. A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship s hold. AlR'-PLANT, 7i. A plant which grows by nutriment derived from the air, without being rooted in earth or any other substance. aIR'-POISE, 7i. An instrument to measure the weight of the air. aIR'-PUMP, ti. A machine for exhausting the air of a vessel- AHt'-SACS, ti. plu. Air-bags hi birds. aIR'-SHXFT, 7i. A passage for air into a mine. IHl'-SLA€K'.ED (air'-slakt), a. Slacked or pulverized by exposure to air ; as, air-slacked lime. AlR'-S.TIR-RING, a. Putting the air in motion. aIR'-THReAD, n. A name given to the spider's webs which are often seen floating in the air. aIR'-THReAT-EN-ING, a. Threatening the air lofty. AlR'-TIGHT, a. [air and tight.] So tight or compact as to be impermeable to air. AlR'-TRAP, 7i. A contrivance for the escape of foul air from drains, sewers, &c. BUI- i . UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOU.<3.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as i- lis. t Obsolete. ALA. 28 4 Tt V%&>} SI ,. v '.. A spiral duct in plants containing air. 2. In i-ue-is, \ cuIai by which air is conveyed through the body >>r respiration. 2UB/Y, a. 1. Consisting of air. 2. Relating or belonging to air ; high in air. 3. Open to a free current of air. 4. Light as ail , resembling air ; thin ; unsubstantial ; without so- lidity. 5. Without reality ; having no solid foundation ; vain ; trifling. 6. Gay ; sprightly ; full of vivacity and lev- ity ; light of heart; lively. A.IRT, In. [SccAekie.] Among sportsmen, the nest of the i'E-RIE, > hawk or eagle. aIR'Y-FLy'ING, a. Flying like air. — Thomson. AlR'Y-LIGHT, a. Light as air. A.IS'€HY-NlTE, n. A black or dark brownish yellow ore from the Ural Mountains, containing titanium, zirconium, and cerium. See jEschynite. AISLE (ile), I n. [Fr. aile.} 1. The side portions of a church, AILE, y in distinction from the nave or center. 2. A walk or passage in a church. ATSLiL'D' (lid"), a. Furnished with aisles. — Byron. SIT (ate), n. A small island in a river or lake. 1I-ZOON', n. [Sax. aizon.] A genus of plants. A-JaR', adv. Partly open, as a door. A-J A'VA, n. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar. A-JU'GA, n. Bugle, a genus of plants. — Encyc. AJ'U-TAgE, \ n. [Fr.] A tube fitted to the mouth of a ves- AD'JU-TAgE, 5 sel. A-KIN', n. 1. Related by blood; used of persons. 2. Allied by nature ; partaking of the same properties ; as, envy and jealousy are near akin. AL. In Arabic, an adjective or inseparable prefix, answer- ing to the Italian il, and Spanish el and la. Its use is to render nouns definite, like the English the ; as, alkoran, the koran, or the book, by eminence ; alcove, alchemy, alembic, almanac, Sic. AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon athel, noble, or illustrious. More generally, al, in compo- sition, is a contraction of aid, or alt, old, and it is prefixed to many names ; as, Alburg. Sax. eald; Germ, alt, old. AL, in the composition of Latin words, is written before I for ad. for the ease of pronunciation ; as ia allcvo, alludo, for ad levo, ad ludo. AL A-BAS-TER, n. [L., from Gr. aAu§aor/>oi'.] A compact variety of sulphate of lime or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white or semi-pellucid. It is also sometimes yel- low, red. or gray. The name has sometimes, but errone- ously, been applied to a compact variety of carbonate of lime. Among the ancients, alabaster was also the name of a vessel in which odoriferous liquors were kept, so called from the stone of which it was made. AL A-BAS-TER, a. Made of alabaster. AL-A-BAS'TRI-AN, a. Pertaining to. or like alabaster. AL-A-BAS'TRlTE, n. A box, or other vessel of alabaster, used by the Greeks and Romans for holding perfumes. — Ehnes. A-LA€K', exclam. An exclamation expressive of sorrow. A-LA€KA-DaY. An exclamation uttered to express regret or sorrow. A-LACRI-OUS, a. Cheerful. \ A-LACRI-OUS-LY, adv. Cheerfully ; with alacrity. f A-LAC'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Briskness. A-LACRI-TY, n. [L. alacritas.] A cheerful readiness or promptitude to do some act. — Syn. Cheerfulness ; gayety ; sprightlkiess. A-LAD'IN-ISTS, n. plu. Free thinkers among the Moham- medans. AL'A-LiTE, n. A bright green stone, a variety of pyroxene in _ prisms, first discovered near the village of Ala, in Piedmont. X-LAMY'RE (a-la-me'ra), n. The lowest note but one in Guido Arctine's scale of music. — Johnson. AL-A-MO-DAL'I-TY, n. Conformity to the prevailing mode or fashion of the times.— Encyc. [Little used.] AL-A-MODE', adv. [Fr. a la mode.] According to the fash- ion orjnevailing mode.— Whklock. AL-A-MuDE', n. A thin, black, glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, &c. A LA-MORT', a. [Fr. a la mort.] Depressed ; melancholy. A-LAND', adv. At, or on land.— Sidney. A-LAN'TEM, ) . ... ,. . A-LAN'TUM, ( adv - At a distance.— Grose, Craven dialect. A-LANTIN, n. A starchy substance, identical with inulin. A.'LAR, a. [L. ala.] Pertaining to, or having winn-s. A-LaKM', n. [Fr. alarme, alarmer.] 1. Any sound^ outcry, or information, intended to give notice of approaching dan- ger. 2. A summons to amis. 3. Sudden surprise with fear or terror. 4. A sensation excited by an apprehension of dan- cer. 5. Some mechanical contrivance for waking persons from sleep, or exciting attention. — 6. In fencing, an appeal or challenge.— Syn. Fright; affright; terror; consternation ; dismay ; agitation ; disquiet ; disquietude. A-LaRM', v. t. 1. To give notice of danger ; to rouse to vig- ilance. 2. To call to arms for defense. 3. To surprise with apprehension of danger ; to disturb with terror. * See S'j?topsis. I, E . 1, &c. lo ng.—l, E, 1, &zc, short.— F aR, F A LI W\ I AT ,— PE.E Y : ALB A-LaRM'-BELL, n. A bell that gives notice of danger A-LaRM'~€LO€K, n. A clock with machinery which can be so set as to ring an alarm at a given hour, to excite atten- tion. A-LaRM'.ED (a-larmd'), pp. Notified of sudden danger; sur prised with fear ; roused to vigilance or activity by appre hension of approaching danger. A-LaRM'ING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger rousing to vigilance. A-LaRMTNG, a. Exciting apprehension; terrifying; awak- ening a sense of danger. A-LaRMTNG-LY, adv. With alarm ; in a manner to excite apprehension. A-LaRM'IST, n. One who excites alarm ; one who is con tinually prophesying danger. A-LiRM'-PoST, n. A place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm. A-L ARM'- WATCH, n. A watch with machinery which can be so set as to ring an alarm at a given hour, to excite at- tention. A-LiRTJM, n. The same as alarm, but now disused except in poetry. ALA-RY, a. Of the nature of wings. A-LAS', exclam. [Dutch helaas ; Fr. hclas.] An exclamation expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil ; sometimes followed by day or while ; as, alas the day, like alack a day ; or, alas the while (Spe7iser,) [ob*. j, expressing an unhappy time, t A-LITE', adv. Lately. a'LaTE, ia. [L. alatus.] Winged; with dilatations like a'La-TED, > wings. In botany, bordered by a membra- nous or leafy expansion. AL-A-TER'IS US, n. A name of a species of buckthorn. ALB, n. [L. albus.] A white linen tunic worn by priests un- der the cassock, reaching to the feet ; a Turkish coin. AL'BA-TROSS, 7i. A very large sea-bird, having in some cases wings extending seventeen feet : the body is some- times white throughout, but usually the back is spotted or clouded with brown. AL-Be'IT. [Albeit is supposed to be a compound of all, be, and it, and is equivalent to ad7iiit, or grant it all.] Be it so ; admit all that ; although ; notwithstanding. [Now nearly antiquated.] AL'BE-LEN, n. A fish of the trout kind. AL-BES'CENT, a. [L. albesco.] Becoming white, or rather whitish ; moderately white. AL'BI-CORE, n. [Port, albacor.] A marine fish, like a runny, t AL-Bl-FI-ei'TION, n. Making white.— Chaucer. AL-BI-gEN'SeS, In. pi. A party of Reformers, who sepa AL-BI-GEOIS', 5 rated from the Church of Rome in the 12th century, so called from the Albigeois, a small territory in France, where they resided. They are sometimes con- founded with the Waldenses. AL'BIN, 7i. [L. albus.] An opaque, white mineral ; a variety of apophyllite, from Aussig, in Bohemia. AL'BKNISM, 7i. The state or condition of an albino. AL-Bl'NO, 7i. [L. albus.] 1. A white descendant of black pa- rents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. 2 One of a class of persons who are pale or cadaverous, with white hair, and, commonly, reddish eyes ; which are often weak or short-sighted. AL-Bl'NO-ISM, 7i. The state of an albino. AL'BI-ON, 7i. An ancient name of England, still used in po etry AL'BlTE, 7i. [L. albus.] A species of the feldspar family, of a white color, differing from common feldspar in contain ing soda instead of potash. It is a constituent hi many va rieties of granitic rocks. AL-BoRA, 7i. A sort of itch, or, rather, leprosy. AL-Bo'RAK, 7i. The white mule on which Mohammed is said < • have journeyed from the temple of Jerusalem to he? "en. AL-B(J-(JIN'E-OUS, a. [L. albugo.] Pertaining to, or resem- bling the white of the eye, or of an egg. AL-Bu'GO, 7t. The white speck in the eyo ; also, a disease of the eye. AL'BUM, n. [L. albus.] 1. Among the Romans, a white ta- ble, board, or register. 2. A book, in which foreigners or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in which friends insert pieces as memorials for ea'-h other. 3. A book in which visitors at public places eiiter their names, remarks, &c. — Gray. AL-Bu'MEN, 7i. 1. The white of an egg. 2. A substance found in most animal bodies, and existing neaT y pure in the white of an egg. — 3. In botany, the substance interposed between the embryo and integument of the sfitsd in 6ome plants. AL-Bu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or having the pK^rties of albumen. AL-BURK'UM, n. [L. alburnum.] The white and soft rr part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wjoil, or duramen. In America, it is popularly called tit i iap-vcod. MARINE, B1RDT--MO 7e EOl K,~ ALE 27 ALG ALBURN'US, 71. [L. alburnus.] A fish caUed the bleak. AL€aDE'. See Alcaic. AL'€A-HEST, ??i. [Arabic] A pretended universal solv- AL'KA-HEST, > ent, or menstruum. See Alkahest. AL-€a'I€, a. Pertaining to Alcaeus, a lyric poet. AL-€a'I€S, n.plu. Several kinds of verse, so called frora Alcteus, their inventor. AL-€aID', 72. [Sp. alcayde ; Port, alcaide.] Among the Moors, Spaniards, and Portuguese, a governor. Also, in Port igaC a magistrate ; and in Spain, a jailor. AL-GAL/DE, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judge. This word is often improperly confounded with Alcaid. — P. Cyc. AL-€AN'NA, n. [Arabic] See Henna. AL-GA-Va'LA, n. In Spain, a tax on every transfer of prop- erty, real or personal. — Encyc. AL-CE'DO n. [L.] The king-fisher. AL-GHEMTG, \ a. Relating to alchemy, or produced by AL-€HEM'I€-AL, } it. AL-GHEMTG-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of alchemy. AL'-GHE MIST, n. One who practices alchemy. AL GHE-MIST1G, \a. Practicing alchemy, or relating AL-GHE-MISTIG-AL, j to it. AL'-GHE-MY, n. [It. alchimia.] 1. A pretended science, aim- ing at the transmutation of metals into gold, the finding a universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest, or univer- sal solvent, and other things now treated as ridiculous. It was much cultivated fromthe thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries, but is now held in contempt. 2. Formerly, a mixed metal used for utensils. [This word, from its deri- vation, would be more properly spelled alchimy.] A.L€-Ma/NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet AL'GO, n. The native Mexican dog. AI/GO-HOL, n. [Ar.] Pure or highly rectified spirit, obtain- ed from fermented liquors by distillation. L'€0-HOL-aTE, n. A salt, in wbich alcohol seems to oc- cupy the place of the water of crystallization. — Brande. AL-GO-HOLTG, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities. — Med. Rep. AL-GO-HOL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rectifying spirit till it is wholly freed from mixture, or of reducing a substance to an impalpable powder. AL'€0-HOL-lZE, v. t. To convert into alcohol ; to rectify spirit till it is wholly freed from mixture ; also, to reduce a substance to an impalpable powder. AL'€OR, n. [Ar.] A small star in the Great Bear. AL'GO-RAN. See Koran and Alkoean. AL-€0-HOL'ME-TER, n. An instrument for determining the amount of pure alcohol hi spirits. — Ure. A similar in- strument, invented by Gay Lussac, was AlcDometer. * AL'GOVE, or AL-€oVE', n. [Sp. alcoba.] 1. A recess, or part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of col- umns, or by other corresponding ornaments, in which is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. 2. A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for books. 3. A covered building or recess in a garden. 4. A recess in a grove. AL'CY-ON, n. The name of a species of king-fisher. See Halcyon. AL-CY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the alcyonce, a family of zoophytes. AL'CY-ON-lTE, n. A fossil zoophyte, somewhat resembling a fungus. — J. of Science. AL-C Y-o'NI-UM, n A family of zoophytes, branching some- what like a plant, and when alive, covered with small pol- yps, having the shape of a pink when expanded. AL-DE-BITlAN, n. [Ar.] The bull's eye, a star of the first magnitude in the constellation Taurus. AL'DER, n. [L. alnus.] A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus alnus. AL'DER, n. The ancient genitive plural of the Saxon eal, alL It was formerly prefixed to adjectives in the superlative ; as, alder-first, first of ah ; aider-best, best of all ; alder-lief- est (from lief), dearest of all. — Toone. rAL-DER-LIF:V'EST,a. Most beloved.— Sliak. S^Aldee. AL'DER-MAN, n. ; plu. Aldeemen [Sax. old or eald, old, comp. alder, older, and man.] 1. Among our Saxon ances- tors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to princes, dukes, earls, senators, bishops, &c. 2. In present usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next in rank be- low the mayor. <-AL-DER-MAN'I-TY, n. The behavior and manners of an alderman ; the society of aldermen. Al,'DER-MAN-LlKE, a. Like an alderman. Al.'DER-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman. — Swift. AL'DERN, a. Made of alder. AL'DINE EDITIONS, ti.;?Z. Editions chiefly of the classics, printed with great care, oy the family of Aldus Manutius, in Venice, m the seventeenth century The term has been recently applied to certain elegant'editdons of English ■ works. ALE, 5i. [Sax. eala, ealc, or aloth.] 1. A liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation : it differs from beer 1>6VE in having a smaller proportion of hops. 2. A merxyme ing in English country places, so called from tut liqjc. _ drank.— Ben Jonson. aLE'-BENCH, n. A bench in or before an ale-house. aLE'-BER-RY, n. A beverage made by boiling sin with spice, sugar, and sops of bread. aLE'-BREYV-ER, n. One whose occupation is to brew ai« ILE'-OON-NER, n. [ale and con.] An officer in London, in former -times, whose business it was to inspect the meas ures used in public houses, to prevent frauds in selling liq uors. ILE'-GOST, n. Costmary, a piant ILE'-FED, a. Fed with ale.— Stafford. aLE'-HOOF, n. [D. ciloof] Ground-ivy; used formerly in making ale, and hence the name. ALE-HOUSE, n. A house where ale is retailed. aLE'-HOUSE-KEEP'ER, n. One who keeps an ale-house ILE'-KNlGHT (ale'nite), n. A pot companion. — Chaucer. aLE'-SHOT. n. A reckoning to be paid for ale. ALE'-SIL-VER, 7i. A duty paid to the lord mayor of Lou don by the sellers of ale within the city. aLE'-STaKE, n. A stake set as a sign before an ale-houso, — Chaucer. ILE' -TaST-ER, 7i. An officer appointed, in former times, to inspect ale, beer, and bread. — Cowel. ILE'- VAT, 7i. A vat in which ale is fermented. A-LEW, 7i. Shouting; same as halloo. — Spenser. [Obs.\ ILE- WASHED (ale'wosht), a. Steeped in ale. aLE'-WiFE, 7i. A woman who keeps an ale-house. ILE'WIFE, \n. [Tiiis word is properly aloof, the Indian A'LOOF, ) name of a fish.] An American fish, resem- bling the herring. The established pronunciation is ale- wife, plural alewives. A-LE€-TO-ROM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. aXiKrup, a cock, and naxn, a fight.] Cock-fighting. A-LEGTRY-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. aXttcrpvuv and ^avrzia.] An ancient practice of foretelling events by mean3 of a cock. A-LEE', adv. In seamen's language, on the side opposite to, the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it strikes. ALT1-GAR, 7i. [ale, and Fr. aigre, sour.] Sour ale ; acid made of ale. t AL'E-GER, a. [Fr. ; Sp. alegre ; L. alacer.] Gay ; cheerful , sprigh tly. — Bacon. t A-LEGGE', v. t. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage. A-LEMBTJAR,, 7i. A standard-bearer of the Turkish sultan. A-LEMTBLG, n. [Ar.] A chemical vessel used in distillation usually made of glass or metal. A-LEM'BROTH, n. A compound of corrosive sublimate and sal ammoniac. A-LENGTH', adv. At full length ; along ; stretched at full length. — Chaucer. A-LEP1-DOTE, 7i. [Gr. a and Xems.] Any fish whose skin is not covered with scales. A-LERT, a. [Fr. alerte; Sp. alerto.] 1. Watchful; vigi- lant ; active in vigilance ; hence the military phrase, upon the alert, upon the watch. 2. Moving with celerity. — Spec- tator. — Syn. Brisk; nimble; active; agile; lively; quick; prompt; sprightly; assiduous. A-LERTNESS, n. Briskness ; nimbleness ; sprightliness ; levity. — Addison. AL-EU'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. a \evpov and uavrtia.] A kind of divination by meal. A-LEuTIAN, la. Designating certain isles in the Pacific A-LEiJ'TLG, 5 Ocean eastward of Kamtschatka. AL-EX-AN'DER, n. The name of a plant. AL-EX-AN'DER'S FOOT, n. The name of a plant AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria. AL-EX-AN'DRINE, \n. A kind of verse, consisting of AL-EX-ANT>RI-AN, J twelve syllables, or of twelve ana thirteen alternately. A-LEX-I-PHXRM'I€, la. [Gr. aA^ui and d-apimnov.] Ex- A-LEX-I-PHIRM'IG-AL, 3 pelling or resisting poison ; anti- dotal ; also, sudorific ; that has the quality of expelling pois- on or infection by sweat. A-LEX-I-PHXRM'IG, 7i. A medicine that is intended to ob- viate the effects of poison ; an antidote to poison or infec- tion. A-LEX-I-TER'I€5, 1 a. [Gr. «a^w and b^nrnpiov.] Re- A-LEX-I-TE'RI-AL, V sistino: poison ; obviating the effects A-LEX-I-TER'I€-AL, > of vehoin. A-LEX-I-TERTG, n. A medicine to resist the effects of pois- on ; nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. AL'GA, 7i. [L.] Sea-weed. AL'&M, n. plu. [L.] A tribe of submerged plants. AL'GA-ROT, / 7i. The name of an emetic powder, prepar- AL'GA-R.OTH, > ed from antimony, so called from its in- ventor, Algarotti. t AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way. AL'gE-BRa, 7i. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general, or universal arithmetic Algebra is a general method of computation, in which signs and symbols, wbich are commonly the letters of the alphabet, are made to rep- resent numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown t Obsolete. „ WA1TF, , AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this \L1 28 ALK cnantitj Bought, as if „ ranted, and by means of one or =aore or .entities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is dwcrfered by some other known quantity to which it >£ equal. AL-ONJ:D, a. Abandoned by all. ALL-AB-HORR.ED, a. Detested by all.— Shak. ALL-AB-SORBTNG, a. Engrossing ; that drowns or super- sedes all other considerations. ALL-A€-€OM'PLISRED (-isht), a. Fully accomplished ; whose education is highly finished. ALL-AD-MIR'ING, a. Wholly admiring.— Shak. ALL-AD- ViS'.ED, a. Advised by all.— Warburton. ALL-AP-PRO VED, a. Approved by all.— More. ALL-A-ToN'ING, a. Atoning for all.— Dryden. ALL-BEaR'ING, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous. ALL-BEAu'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautiful.— Pope. ALL-BE-HoLD'ING, a. Beholding all things. aLL-BLaSTLNG, a. Blasting all; defaming or destroying all. — Marston. ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, \a. Perfectly bountiful; of infinite ALL-BOUNTI-FUL, 5 bounty. ALL-CHANGING, a. Perpetually changing.— Shak. ALL-CHEERTNG, a. That cheers all ; that gives gayety or eheerfulness to all. — Shak. AEL-GOM-MiNDTNG, a. Having command or sovereign- ty over all. — Raleigh. ALL-COM-PLY'ING. a. Complying in every respect <\LL-€OM-PoSTNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peaceful. — Crashaw. ALL-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. Comprehending all things. ALL-CON-CeALTNG, a. Hiding or concealing all. ALL-€ON'QUER-ING (-konk'er-), a. That subdues all. ALL-€ON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing. ALL-CON-STRaIN'ING, a. Constraining all.— Drayton. ALL-GON-SuM'lNG, a. That consumes or devours alL ALL-CON-TRoLLTNG, a. Controlling all.— Everett. ALL-DaRTNG, a. Daring to attempt every thing. — Jonson. £ LL-DE-SlGNTNG, a. Designing all things. ALL-DE-STROYTNG, a. Destroying every thing.— Fan- shato. ALL-DEV'AS-Ta-TING, a. Wasting every thing. iLL-DE-VOURTNG, a. Eating or consuming all.— Pope. ALL-DIM'MING, a. Obscuring every thing. — Marston. ALL-DI-RECTTNG, a. Directing: ; governing all things. ALL-DIS-CERN'ING, a. Discerning every thing. ALL-DIS-C6VER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing every thing. — More. ALL-DIS-GRa'C JETD (-aste), a. Completely disgraced.— Shak. 1LL-DIS-PENSTNG, a. Dispensing all things; affording dispensation or permission. — Mikon. ALL -D I- VINE', a. Supremely excellent— Howell. ALL-DI-VlN'ING, a. Foretelling all things.— Fanshaw. ALL-DReAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all.— Shak. ALL-EF-FI-€A'CIOUS, a. Having all efficacy.— Everett ALL-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. Of perfect or unlimited effi-acy efficiency. ALL-EL'O-QJJENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degr**e. ALL-EM-BRa'CING, a. Embracing all things.— CrasMm ALL-END'ING, a. Putting an end to all things.— Shak ALL-EN-LIGHT.EN-ING, a. Enlightening all things. ALL-EN-RiG'£D (-rajd), a. Highly enraged.— Hall. ALL-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Wholly essential.— Evsrett. ALL-FLaM'ING, a. Flaming in all directions. — Beaumont ALL-FOOLS'-DIY, n. The first of April. ALL-FOR-GlVING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all. ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, so called from the foor chances of which it consists, viz., high, low, jack, and game Encyc. Amer. — To go on all fours, is to move or walk on four legs, or on the two legs and two arms. ALL-GIVER, n. The Giver of aU things.— Mikon. ALL-GLo'RI-OUS, a. Glorious to the full extent. ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. — Dryden. ALL-GOOD', n. The name of the plant Good-Henry. ALL-GRA'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious. ALL-GUlDTNG, a. Guiding or conducting all things. ALL-HaIL', exclam. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or safe- ty to the person addressed. ALL-HAL'LoW, \n. All Saints' day, the first of Novem ALL-HAL'LoWS, $ ber ; a feast dedicated to all the saints. ALL-HAL'LoW-TlDE, n. The time near All Saints, or No vember first ALL-HAPTY, a. Completely happy. ALL-HeAL', n. The popular name of several plants ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things. — Selden. ALL-HELP'ING, a. Assisting all.— Selden. ALL-HlD'ING, a. Concealing all things.— Shak. ALL-Ho'LY, a. Completely, perfectly holy. ALL-HOL'LOW, ad. Completely ; by very great odds [ Colloquial.] ALL-HON'ORM) (-on'ord), a. Honored by all.— Shak. ALL-HURTING, a. Hurting all things.— Sliah. ALL-I'DOL-lZ-ING, a. Worshiping every thing. ALL-IL-LtJ'MIN-A-TING, a. Enlightening every thing. ALL-IM'I-Ta-TING, a. Imitating every thing. — More. ALL-IM-P5R'TANT, a. Important above all things. ALL-IM-PRESS'lVE, a. Impressive to the utmost extent ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers. ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting hi the highest degree. ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING, a. Explaining all things.— Mikon. ALL-JUDgTNG, a. Judging all ; possessing the sovereign right of judging. — Rowe. ALL-JUST, a. Perfectly just ALL-KlND', a. Perfectly kind or benevolent. ALL-KNoW'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient — Atterbury. ALL-Ll'CENSJSD (-senst), a. Licensed to every thing. ALL-L6VES, n. pi. A former mode of adjuration, meaning, for thtf love of all things ; as, speak, of all loves. — Shak. ALL-LOVING, a. Of infinite love.— More. ALL-MaK'ING, a. Making or creating all ; omnific. — Dry den. ALL-MA-TuRTNG, a. Maturing all things.— Dryden. ALL-MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. ALL-MURDER-ING, a. Killing or destroying every thing ALL-0-BE'DI-ENT, a. Entirely obedient~Cras/>.a». ALL-O-BEYTNG, a. Receiving obedience from all. ALL-OB-LIVI-OUS, a. Causing total oblivion.— Shak. ALL-OB-S€uRTNG, a. Obscuring every thing.— King. ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur- murs. ALL-PEN'E-TRa-TING, a. Penetrating every thing. ALL-PER'FECT, a. Completely perfect. ALL-PER'FECT-NESS, n. The perfection of the whole ; entire perfection. — More. ALL-PIeR'CING, a. Piercing every thing. — Marston. 4LL-P5TENT, a. Having all power.— Irving. ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty ; omnipotent— Svnft ALL-PRaIS'.ED, "a. Praised by all.— Shak. ALL-PRES'ENT, a. Omnipresent. ALL-PRO-TFCTTNG. a. Furnishing complete protection. ALL-RuL'ING, a. Governing all things. — Milton,. ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis- cernment. ALL-SaINTS'-Da Y, n. The first day of November, called, " also, All-hallows ; a feast in honor of all the saints. ALL-SANC'TI-Ff-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole.— West. ALL-SI VING, a. Saving all.— Selden. 4LL-SEARCH1NG, a. Pervading and searching every thing. — South. ALL-SEEING, a. Seeing every thing.— Drydm. A.LL-SEER'. n. One who sees every thing. — Shak. ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things.— Shak. ALL-SHROUD'ING, a. Shrouding ; covering all things. ALL-SHUN'N J2D (-shund'), a. Slmnned by all. ALL-SoULS'-DaY, n. The second day of November ; a D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS ;— 6 as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, t Obsciete. ALL 30 ALL fast tu solemnity held by the Roman Catholic Church, to fiupp'Jortte for the souls of the faithful deceased. A LL' -SPICE, n. The berry of the pimento, a pleasant, aro- matic spice. It was supposed to combine the flavor of cinnamon nutmeg, and cloves, and hence the name. ALL-SUF-Ft'ClEN^CY, n. Complete or infinite ability. ALL-SUF-FI"C1ENT, a. Sufficient to every thing ; infinite- ly able. — Hooker. ALL-SUF-Fi"ClENT, n. The all-sufficient Being ; God. ALL-SUR-ROUNDTNG, a. Encompassing the whole. ALL-SUR-VEYTNG, n. Surveying every tiling. ALL-SUS-TaTN'ING, a. Upholding all things. ALL-TELL'ING, a. Telling or divulging every thing. ALL-TRl'UMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or over All. — Jonson. ALL-WATCHED (-wocht), a. Watched throughout. — Shdk. ALL-WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. — South. ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit.— Jonson. ALL-W6R'SHIP£D (-shipt), a. Worshiped or adored by all. ALL-WoR'THY, a. Of infinite worth ; of the highest worth. AL'LA-GlTE, n. An impure, brownish variety of magnesian spar. AL'LAH, n. The Arabic name of the Supreme Being. AXL-A-MORT See Alamort. AL'LAN-lTE, n An ore of the metal Cerium and Lantha- num, having a pitch-black or brownish color. It was first discovered, as a species, by Allan. AL-LAN-TDTG, a. Pertaining to, or contained in, the allan- tois. Allantoic acid, a peculiar acid found in the allantois of the fetal calf, formerly called anuiiotic acid. AL-LAN-TOID', In. [Gr. aXXas and udog.] A thin mem- AL-LAN-TOIS', ) brane, situated between the chorion and amnios, in quadrupeds. AL'LA-TRITE, v. t. [L. allatro.] To bark, as a dog. AL-LaY', v. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To repress or bring down that which is excited or raised up ; as, to allay dis- sensions ; to allay the violence of passion, or the severity of a disease. 2. Formerly, to reduce the purity of; as, to allay metals. But in this sense alloy is now exclusively used. [Sec Alloy.] — Syn. To check ; repress ; assuage ; appease ; abate ; subdue ; destroy ; compose ; soothe ; calm ; quiet ; alleviate. AL-LIY', n. 1. Formerly, a baser metal mixed with a finer, but in this sense it is now written alloy, which see. 2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities. — Newton. AL-LaY'.ED (al-lade 7 ), pp. Layedatrest; quieted; tranquil- ized ; abated ; reduced by mixture. AL-LaY'ER, n. He, or that, which allays. AL-LaY'ING, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ; abat- ing ; reducing by mixture. AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting; a state of rest after disturbance ; that which allays ; abatement ; ease. — Shak. AL'LE (ally), n. The little auk, or black and white diver. t AL-LE-GT', v. t. To entice.— Huloet's Diet. ? AL-LECT-XTION, n. Allurement ; enticement.— Coles. \ AL-LECT'IVE, a. Alluring.— Chaucer. I AL-LE€T'iVE, n. Allurement.— Eliot. AL-LEDGE'. See Allege. [This spelling, corresponding to abridge, was once the prevailing one, and would still be preferable.] AL-LE-Ga'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains called Al- legany, or Allegenny. AL'LE-GA-NY, n. The chief ridge of the great chains of mountains which run from N.E. to S.W. through the Mid- dle and Southern States of North America. AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion or declaration. 2. That which is affirmed or asserted ; that which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification.— 3. In ecclesiastical courts, declaration of charges. ALLEGE' (al-ledj'), v. t. [L. allego.] 1. To prodi\ce, as an argument, plea, or excuse ; as, to allege a recent decision of some court. 2. Hence, to affirm or pronounce with positiveness.— Dryden, [less common.]— Syn. To bring for- ward ; adduce ; advance ; assign ; produce ; cite ; quote ; to declare ; affirm ; assert t AL-LEGE'A-BLE, a That may be alleged.— Brown. AL-LftG' ET) (alledjd'), pp. or a. Affirmed; asserted, whether as a charge or a plea. AL-Lf.G'ER. n. One who affirms or declares. AL-LftG'ING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring. AL-LE'GE-AS, In. A stuff manufactured in the East In- AL-LP/GI-AS, <, dies. tAL-LEGE'MENT, n. Allegation. AL-LE'GI-ANCE, n. [old Ft., from L. alligo.] The tie or ob- ligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the duty or fidelity to a king, government, or 6tate. 1AL LE'GI-ANT, a. "Loyal.— Shak. AL-LE-GOR'IC, (a,. In the manner of allegory ; figura- AL-LE-GOR'ICAL, $ tive. AL-LE-GOPv-'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner ; by way of allegory. AL-LE-GOR'I€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being allegorical. AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who uses allegory, or allegorizes, as Bunyan or Spenser. — Whiston. AL'LE-GO-RlZE, v. t. 1. To form an allegory; to turn into an allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense. AL'LE-GO-RlZE, v. i. To use allegory. AL'LE-GO-RlZ£D, pp. Turned into allegory. AL'LE-GO-RlZ-ER, n. One who allegorizes or turns filings into allegory. AL'LE-GO-RlZ-ING, ppr. Turning into allegory ; using al- legory ; understanding in an allegorical sense. AL'LE-GO-RY, n. [Gr. aWriyopia.] A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and circum- stances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the wr.ter or speaker by the resemblance of the secondary to the pri- mary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyphics are in painting. We have a fine example of an allegory In the eightieth psalm. AL-LE-GRET'TO [from allegro] denotes, in music, a move ment or time quicker than andante, but not so quick as ai legro. — Busby. AL-Le'GRO. [It merry, cheerful. In this sense it is used is the poem of Milton so named.] In music, a word denoting a brisk movement. As a noun, a piece of music to be per- formed with a brisk movement. AL-LE-LuTAH, n. [Heb. !"P l^lT] Praise to Jehovah ; a word used to express pious joy and exultation, chiefly in hymns and anthems. AL-LE-MaNDE', n. A slow air in common time, or grave, solemn music, with a slow movement. Also, a brisk dance. AL-LE-MAN'NLG, a. Belonging to the Alemanni, ancient Ger- mans, and to Alemannia, their country. AL-Le'RI-ON, n. In heraldry, an eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. AL-LE-VE_TfR', n. A small Swedish coin. AL-Le'VI-aTE, v. t. [Low Lat. allevio.] 1. To make light, but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part, ap- plied to evils ; as, to alleviate sorrow. 2. To make less by representation ; as, to alleviate a charge or imputation, [rare.] — Syn. To lessen ; diminish ; soften ; mitigate ; as- suage ; abate ; relieve ; nullify ; allay. AL-Le'VI-a-TED, pp. Made lighter ; mitigated ; eased ; ex tenuated^ AL-Le'VI-a-TING, ppr. and a. Making lighter or mo" Ua- erable ; extenuating. AL-LE-VI-I'TION, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying, oi extenuating ; a lessening or mitigation. 2. That which lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. t AL-LE'VI-A-TlVE, n. That which mitigates. AL'LEY (ally), n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a nar row passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. 3. A choice taw, originally made of alabaster, is so called by boys.— Halliwell. AL-LI-1'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or garlic, or having its smell. — Barton. AL-Ll'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union be- tween families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union be- tween nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league. 3. The treaty, league, or compact which is the instrument of confederacy. 4. Any union or connection of interests be tween persons, families, states, or corporations. 5. The persons or parties allied. Addison. — Syn. Connection ; affinity ; union ; confederacy ; league ; coalition. t AL-Ll'ANT, n. An ally.— Wotton. AL-LrcIEN-CY, n. [L. allicio.] The power of attracting any thing ; attraction ; magnetism. — Glanville. [Rare.] t AL-Ll"CIENT, n. That which attracts. AL-Ll'iJD (al-llde'), pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or similitude. AL'LI-GITE, v. t. [L. alligo.] To tie together ; to unite by some tie. AL'LI-Ga-TLNG, ppr. Tying together ; uniting by some tie. AL-LI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of tying together, [rare.] 2. A rule of arithmetic for finding the price or value of com- pounds consisting of ingredients of different values. AL'LI-Ga-TOR, n. [Sp. lagarto.] The American croco- dile. AL'LI-Ga-TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit t AL-LIG'A-T¥RE, n. See Ligature. AL-LISTON (al-lizh'un), n. [L. allido.] A striking against. - Woodward. AL-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. ad and litcra.] The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words im mediately succeeding ea^h other, or at short intervals. AL-LIT'ER-A-TlVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, allit- eration. AL-LO-Ca'TION, n. [L. ad and locatio.] The act of putting one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is 'he admis- sion of an article of account, or an allowance made upon an account ; a term used in the English exchequer. AL-LO-Ca'TUR, n. [L.] In law, a certificate of allowance of cost by the proper officer. Set Synopsis, a. e I. &c , long.— a, e, t &c. t short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARXNE, BtRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, ALL 31 ALM AL'LO-€HRO ITE, n. A fine-grained, massive garnet, of a dingy, reddish-yellow color, found in Norway. AL-LO-€u'TION. n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner of speaking to. 2. An address ; a formal address. — Addison. [Rarely used.] AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independent of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal, AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized. AL-LoTJl-UM, n. [Fr. alien,.] Freehold estate ; land which is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus op- posed to feud. In England there is no allodial land, all land being held of the king; but in the United States most lands are alio dial. AL-L6NgE' (al-lunj'), n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extending the arm; a term used in fencing, often contracted into hinge. 2. Along rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand. — Johnson. AL-LOO', v. t. or i. See Halloo. AL-LO-PATH'IG, a. Pertaining to allopathy. AL-LO-PATHTG-AL-LY, adv. In a manner conformable to allopathy. AL-LOP'A-THIST, n. One who practices medicine accord- ing to the principles and rules of allopathy. AL-LOPA-THY, n. [Gr. a'AAos and -ddog.] The ordinary mode of medical practice, in opposition to homeopathy ; a seeking to cure disease by the production of a condition of the system different from the condition essential to the disease to be cured. ALTO-PHANE, n. [Gr. aAAoj and range of mountains in Central Asia. AL'TAR, n. [Lat. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated place, on which sacrifices were anciently offered to some deity. 2. In Episcopal churches, the communion table ; and, figuratively, a church ; a place of worship. AL'TAR-CLOTH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar in churches. AL'TAR-FIRE, ti. Fire on an altar. AL'TAR-PIeCE, 7i. 1. A painting placed over the altar in ' a church. — JVarton. 2. The entire decoration of an altar taken collectively. — Gwilt. AL'TAR-WlSE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar.— Howell. AL'TAR.- AGE, 7i. The profits arising to priests from oblations. AL'TAR-IST,_ > ti. In old laws, the priest to whom the ALTAJL-THaNE, 5 altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain. ALTER, v. t. [Fr. alter er ; L. alter.] 1. To make some change in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change entirely or materially. AL'TER, v. i. To become, in some respects, different ; to vary. AL-TER-A-BIL1-TY, ti. The quality of being susceptible of alteration. AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That may become different : that may vary. AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting altera- tion ; variableness. AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, or varied. AL'TER- AGE, ti. [from L. alo.] The breeding, nourishing or fostering of a child. [Not an English word.) AL'TER- ANT, a. Altering; gradually changing ALTER-ANT, ti. A medicine which gradually corrects the state of" the body ; an alterative. I,B, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &.c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MoVE, BOOK. ALT 33 AMA AL-TER-A'TION, n. [L. alteratio.] The act of making dif- ferent, or of varying in some particular ; an altering, or partial change or variation. ALTER-A-Ti VE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power to alter. — In medicine, producing a salutary effect, but without exciting any sensible evacuation. ALTER-A-TiVE, n. A medicine which gradually induces a change in the habit or' constitution, and restores healthy functions, but without exciting sensible evacuations. ALTER-CITE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words ; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger ; to wrangle. AL-TER-€a'TION, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention in vrords; dispute carried on with heat or anger; contro- versy ; contest ; wrangle. A). TERN, a. [L. alternus.] Acting by turns; one succeed- ing another ; alternate, which is the word generally used. —In crystalology, exhibiting ou two parts of a crystal, faces which are alternate among themselves, but, when the two parts are compared, correspondent to each other AL-TERN'A-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns. [Little used.] AL-TERN'AL, a. Alternative. [Little used.] AL-TERN'AL-LY, adv. By turns.— May. [Little used.] AL-TERN'ANT, a. In geology, composed of alternating layers. AL-TERNATE, a. [L. alternants.] Being by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place ; hence, reciprocal. AL-TERNATE, n. 1. That which happens by turns with something else ; vicissitude. — Prior. 2. In the Presbyterian Church, a substitute, or second ; one designated to take the place of another in performing some duty, in case of failure. * AL'TERN-aTE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns, or in succession ; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change one thing for another reciprocally. * AL'TERN-aTE, v. i. 1. To happen or to act by turns. 2. To follow reciprocally in place. AL-TERNATE-LY, adv. In reciprocal succession ; by turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, as night follows day, and day follows night. AL-TERN'ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being alternate, or of following in succession. AL'TERN-A-TING, ppr. Performing or following by turns. AL-TERN-a'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place ; the act of following and being followed in succession. 2. The different changes, or alterations of orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of the congregation speaking alternately with the minister. 4. Alternate per- formance, in the choral sense. AL-TERN'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. alternatif.] Offering a choice of two things. AL-TERN'A-TIVE, n. That which may be chosen or omit- ted; a choice of two things, so that, if one is taken, the other must be left. This word is sometimes applied to a choice between more than two things, but not with exact propriety. AL-TERN'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In the manner of alternatives ; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of two things. AL-TERN'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being alternative. AL-TERNT-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation. AL-THeA, n. [Gr. aXOaia.] In botany, a genus of plants, of several species, called in English marsh-mallow. The mucilaginous roots and leaves of the common species have been much used in medicine as an emollient. AL-THoUGH' (all-fho'), obs. verb, or used only in the imper- ative (commonly classed, though less correctly, among conjunctions) ; [all and though ; Sax. thah, or thcah ; Ir. dai- ghim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it so ; allow all ; suppose that; admit all that; as, "although the fig-tree shall not blossom." — Hab., Hi. That is, grant, admit, or suppose what follows — " the fig-tree shall not blossom." t AL'TI-GRaDE, n. Rising on high. AL TIL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.] Lofty speech ; pompous language. AL-TIL'O-QUENT, a. High-sounding; pompous.— Ashe. AL-'l'IM'E-TER, n. [L. alms and Gr. uerpov.] An instru- ment for taking altitudes geometrically, as by a qiiadrant. AL-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes by tak- ing angles with a proper instrument, and the use of trigo- nometrical calculations. A LTIN, n. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks. AL-TINC'AR, n. A species of factitious salt or powder. AL-TIS'O-NANT, \ a. [L. altus and sonans.] High-sounding, AL-TIS'O-NOUS, 5 lofty, or pompous. ALTI-TUDE, n. [L. altitudo.] 1. Space extended upward ; the elevation ot an object above its foundation ; the eleva- tion of an object or place above the surface on which we stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation of a point, a etar, or other object above the horizon. 3. Figuratively, high degree ; highest point of excellence. A.L-TIVO-LANT, a. [L. altus and volan*.] Flying high. AL'TO. [It, from L. altus.] High. In mu^sic, 1. See Alt. 2. The counter-tenor part, or that between the tficor and treble. 3. The tenor violin. — Alto et basso, in old la hisrh and low, i. e., every thing in dispute. AL'TO-GLEF, n. The counter-tenor or clef, or the C cl/rf placed on the third line of the staff. AL'TO-0€-Ta'VO, adv. [It.] An octave higher. AL'TO-RE-LIE'VQ, n. [It.] High relief. In sculpture, the projection of a figure hall or more, without being entirels detached. — Cyc. AL'TO-RI-PIE'NO, n. [It.] The tenor of the great chorus AUTO-VTO-La, n. [It.] A small tenor viol. AL'TO-VT-O-LY'NO, n. [It.] A small tenor violin. AL-TO-GETH'ER, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; completely : without exception. AL'U-DEL, n. In chemistry, a pear-shaped vessel, open at both ends, used for connecting other vessels in sublima tion, &c. AL'UM, v. t. In dyeing, to impregnate or steep in a solution of alum — Ure. AL'UM, n. [L. alumen.] A mineral salt, of great use in medicine and the arts. It is a triple sulphate of alumina and potassa. ALTJM.ED, pp. or a. Impregnated with alum ; mixed with alum. — Barret. AL'UM-EARTH, n. A massive but rather soft mineral, consisting chiefly of carbon, silica, and alumina ; an im- pure earthy variety of lignite. A-Lu'MIN-A, ) n. One of the earths, consisting of the metal AL'U-MINE, 3 aluminum and oxygen. It is the character- istic ingredient of common clay. A-LU-MIN-IF'ER-OUS. a. Containing alum. A-LU'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having the form of alumina. A-Lu'MIN-lTE, n. Subsulphate of alumina, a mineral. A-Ltl'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing alum. A-Lu'MIN-UM, n. The metallic base of alumina. ALTJM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re- sembling alum. A-LUM'NUS, n. [L. from alo.] A pupil; ona educated at a seminary is called an alumnus of that institution. AL'UM-SLaTE, n. A slate containing alum. AL'UM-SToNE, n. The silicious subsulphate of alumina and potash. — CUaveland. A-Lu'TA, n. [L.] A species of leather-stone. AL-U-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. aluta.] Of a pale brown color. , AL-U-Ta'TION, 7i. [L. aluta.] The tanning or dressing of leather. AL'VE-A-RY, n. [L. alvearium.] 1. A bee-hive. — Barret. 2. In anatomy, the hollow of the external ear, or bottom of the concha. AL'VE-O-LAR, 1 a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets, hol- AL'VE-O-LA-RY, > low cells, or pits : pertaining to sockets. AL'VE-O-LaTE, a. [L. alveolatus.] Deeply pitted, so as to resemble a honey-comb. AL'VE-OLE. \ n*. [L. dim. of alvcus.] 1. A cell in a honey AL-Ve'O-LUS, 5 comb. 2. The socket in the jaw, in which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil. AL'VE-O-LlTE, n. [L. alveolus and Gr. \idos.] In natura history, a genus of coral zoophytes. AL'VINE, a. [From alvus, the belly.] Belonging to the lower belly, or intestines. — Darwin. AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover. AL WaY, 7 adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time. AL'WaYS, 5 2. Continually ; without variation. 3. Con ' tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals. 4. At all convenient times ; regularly. Alway is now seldom used. A. M. stand for artium magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges ; called, in some countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. M. stand also for anno mundi, in the year of the world. AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative mood, present tense. [Sax. eom; Gr. eif/i ; Goth, im; Pers. am.] A'MA, In. [D.aam.] In Church affairs, a vessel to contain Ha'MA, 5 wine for the eucharist. Ama is also a kind of wine measure. AM-A-BIL'I-TY, 7i. [L. amabilis.] Loveliness ; the power of pleasing. — Taylor. AM'A-DOT, n. A sort of pear. — Johnson. AMA-DoU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarhts, called spunk or German tinder, and also black match, and pyro- technical sponge, on account of its inflammability. A-MaIN', adv. [Sax. a and mcegn.] With force, strength, or violence ; violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once. A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. jxaXayixa.] 1. A cempound of mer- cury or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A compound of different things. A-MAL'GAM-ITE, v. t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another metal. Gregory uses amalgamize. 2. To mix different things ; to make a compound ; to unite. A-MAL'GAM-aTE, v. t To compound or unite in an amal gam ; to blend. A-MAL'GAM- a-TED, pp. Compounded with quicksilver; blended. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;- C AN'GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. AMB 34 AMB A-MAL'G \ J i A TIN', ppr. Compounding quicksilver with anothei mettil ; compounding. A-MAL-GAM A'TIONj n. 1. The act or operation of com- pounding mercury with another metal; applied particu- larly to the process of separating gold and silver from their eros, by means of mercury. — Ure. 2. The mixing or blending of different tilings. tA-MAL'GAME, v. t. To compound metals by amalgama- tion. — Chanesr. tA-MaND', v. t. To send one away. — Cockeram. tAM-AN-Da'TION, n. Sending on a message. A-MAN'DO-LA, n. A variety of green marble. A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, n. [L. from manus.] A person whose employment is to write what another dictates, or to copy what another has written. AM'A-RANTH, In. [Gr. a/iafiavTos.] 1. Flower-gentle ; a AM-A-RANTH'US, > genus of plants, of many species. — 2. In poetry, an imaginary flower that never fades. — Milton. AMA-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple. AM-A-RANTH'INE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consisting of, containing, or resembling amaranth. A-MAR'I-TuDE, n. [L. amartiudo.] Bitterness. [Rare.) tA-MAR'U-LENCE, n. Bitterness. tA-MARU-LENT, a. Bitter. AM-A-RYL'LIS, n. In botany, lily-asphodel. A-MaSS', v. t. [Fr. amasscr.] 1. To collect into a heap , to gather a great quantity. 2. To collect in great numbers ; to add many things together. — Syn. To accumulate ; heap up; pile. A-MaSS', n. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This is superseded by mass.] A-MaSS'_ED (a-masf), pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great quantity or number ; accumulated. A-MISS'ING, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan- tity or number. A-MASS'MENT, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation. tA-MATE^, v. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to perplex. AM-A-TEuR', n. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting. More particularly, one who cultivates any study or art from taste or attachment, without pursuing it professionally. AM'A TlVE-NESS, n. Propensity to love. tAM A-TOR'€U-LIST, n. An insignificant lover. AM-A -To'RI-AL, ) a. [L. amatorius.] 1. Relating to love ; AM-A-To'RI-OUS, V causing love ; produced by sexual in- AMA-TO-RY, J tercourse. — 2. In anatomy, a term ap- plied to the oblique muscles of the eye. aM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In an amatorial manner. AM-A-To'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to love ; as, aviator ian odes. AM-AUR-o'SIS. n. [Gr. anavpog.] A loss or decay of sight, without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova- ble pupil ; called, also, gutta serena, the " drop serene" of Milton._ A-MAUS'lTE, n. See Petrosilex. A-MaZE', v. t. To fill with fear, sudden surprise, or won- der. — Syn. To astonish ; confound ; perplex. A-MaZE', n. Astonishment ; confusion ; perplexity, arising from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, and is nearly synonymous with amazement. A-MaZ'ED (a-mazd'), pp. Astonished; confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder. A-MaZ'ED-LY, adv. With amazement; in a manner to confound. [Little used.} A-MaZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment ; great wonder. A-MaZE'MENT, n. A feeling created by a sudden im- pression of fear, surprise, or wonder.— Syn. Astonish- ment ; wonder; surprise; confusion; perplexity; admi- ration. A-MaZ-ING, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful; exciting astonishment orperplexity. A-MaZ'ING-LY, adv. In an astonishing degree. AM'A-ZON, 7i. [Gr. a and nafys.] 1. The Amazons are said, by historians, to have been a race of female warriors, who founded an empire on the River Thermodon, in Asia Mi- nor. 2. A warlike or masculine woman ; a virago. AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling an Ama- zon. Applied to females, bold; of masculine manners; warlike. 2. Belonging to the River Amazon or Maranon, in South America, or to Amazonia. AMB, ) About ; around ; used in composition. [Sax. emb, AM, J ymb ; W. am ; Gr. a^i ; L. am or amb.) AM-Ba'GkS, n. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution; a circuit of words to express ideas which may be expressed in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning. AM-Ba'(VI-OUS, a. Circumlocutory. tAM-BAS-SA.DE', n. Embassy.— Shak. AM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [This is the more common orthogra- phy ; but good authors write also embassador ; and, as the orthography of embassy is established, it would be better tc write embassador. See Embassador.] AM BAS'SA-DRESS, n. The wife of an ambassador. f AM'BAS-SA«E,? ; fAM'BAS-SY, T l - An embassy. AM'BE, ^ n. [Gr. ajx6n.} Literally, a brim ; but in svrgery, AM'Bl, > an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders. Also, the mango-tree. AM'BER, n. [Fr. ambre; Sp. ambar.] A hard, semi-pellucid substance, of vegetable origin, tasteless, and without smell, except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is fo'und in alluvial soils, or on the sea-shore, in many places, particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the Uniied States. AM'BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber. AM'BER, v. t. To scent with amber. AM'BER-DRINK, n. A drink resembling amber in color. AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. Dropping amber.— Milton. AM'BER-GRlS (am'ber-grese), n. [amber and Fr. gris.] A solid, opaque, ash-colored, inflammable substance, varie- gated like marble, remarkably light, rugged on its surfs**, and highly valued as a material in perfumery. AM'BER-SEED, n. Musk-seed, resembling millet. AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species ( f av thospermum, a shrub. AM-BI-DEX'TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility. 2. A double dealer ; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes — 3. In law, a juror who takes money from both parties for giving his verdict. AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, \n. The faculty of using both AM-BI-DEX'TROUS-NESS, > hands with equal facility , double dealing ; the talcing of money from both parties for a verdict. AM-BI-DEX'TROUS,a. Having the faculty of usingboth hands with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both parties. AM'BI-ENT, «. [L. ambiens.] Surrounding ; encompassing on all 6ides ; investing. AM-BIg'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and genu.] An ambigenal hy- perbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an angle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without. AM'BI-GU, n. An entertainment, or feast, consisting of a medley_ of dishes. — King. AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, n. [L. ambiguitas.] Doubtfulness cr uncer- tainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible of different meanings ; double meaning. AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L. ambiguus.] Having two or more meanings ; being of uncertain signification ; susceptible of different interpretations. — Syn. Indeterminate ; indefinite ; doubtful; uncertain; unsettled; indistinct; equivocal. AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an ambiguous manner; with doubtful meaning. AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, 7i. The quality of being ambiguous ; uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity; and, hence, obscurity. AM-BIL'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and Iczvus.] Left-handed; on both sides. AM-BIL'0-(iY, n. [L. ambo and Gr. Xoyog.] Talk or lan- guage of doubtful meaning. AM-BIL'O-QUOUS, a. [L. ambo and loquor.} Using ambig- uous expressions. AM-BIL'O-QUY, n. The use of doubtful or ambiguous ex pressiims. AM'BIT, n. [L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses & thing. — In geometry, the perimeter of a figure. The periph ery or circumference of a circular body. AM-Bl"TION, n. [L. a?nbitio.] A desire of preferment or of honor ; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is thus used in a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a laudable ambition. It denotes more commonly, however, an inordinate desire of power or eminence, often accom- panied with illegal means to obtain the object. AM-Bl"TION, v. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek after. — King. [Little used.] AM-Bl"TION-LESS, a. Devoid of ambition.— Pollok. AM-Bl"TIOUS (am-bish'us), a. 1. Desirous of power, boiv or, office, superiority, or excellence ; aspiring ; eager foi fame. 2. Showy; adapted to command notice or praisuj as, an ambitious style. 3. Eager to swell or rise higher as, the ambitious ocean. — Shak. AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY, adv. In an ambitious manner. AM-Bl"TIOUS-NESS, n. Tho quality of being ambitious. AM'BI-TUS, n. [L.] 1. The circuit border or outer edge of any thing. — 2. In Roman law, the open space surround- ing a building or tomb. — 3. In Roman history, a canvassing for offices and honors. AM'BLE, v. i. [Fr. ambler.] 1. To pace ; to move with a certain peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move easy, without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or to move affectedly. AM'BLE, n. A peculiar motion of a horse ; it pace or pacing. AM'BLER, n. A horse which ambles ; a pacer. AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two log? on the same side, at first going off, and then lifting the .*> ther two Sec Synopsis A. K. I, &c, long.— a, t, I, -3HT.L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as A MeL'IOR-A-BLE, a. That may be ameliorated. A-MkL'IOR-aTE (a-mel'-yor-ate), v. t. [Fr. ameliorer.-, To make better ; to improve ; to meliorate. — Christ. Obs,- Buchanan. A-MeL'IOR-aTE, v. i. To grow better ; to meliorate. A-MeL'IOR-a-TED, pp. Grown better ; improved. A-MeL'IOR-a-TING, ppr. Becoming or making better. A-MeL-IOR-a'TION (a-mel-yor-a'shun), n. A making or he coming better ; improvement ; melioration. * A-MEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthogra phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a verb it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust or givt confidence ; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confidence , as an adjective, firm, stable In English, after the Orienta. manner, it is used at the beginning, but more generally ai the end of declarations and prayers, in the sense of. be u firm, be it established. The word is used also as a noun. " All the promises of God are amen in Christ ;" that is, firmness, stability, constancy. [In singing, pron. amen."] A-ME-NA-BIL'I-TY, \n. State of being amenable or an- A-ME'NA-BLE-NESS, j swerable.— Judge Story. A-ME'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare; Fr. metier.] Liable to an- swer ; liable to be called to account. — Syn. Accountable ; answerable ; responsible. A-Me'NA-BLY, adv. In an amenable manner. t AM'EN-AgE, v. t. To manage. — Spenser. t AM'EN-ANCE, n. Conduct : behavior.— Spenser. A-MEND', v. t. [Fr. amender; L. emendo.] 1. To correct, to rectify, by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by quitting bad habits ; to make better in a moral sense. 3. To cor- rect, or emend ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make better, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging what is wrong. A-MEND', y. i. To grow or become better, by reformation, or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. A-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be amended ; capable of cor- rection. A-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. That amends ; supplying amend- ment ; corrective. A-MENDE', n. [Fr.] Reparation, or retraction. Amende honorable, originally an infamous punishment inflicted, in France, on traitors, parricides, &c. The phrase also de- noted a simple recantation made in open court, or in the presence of the injured party. Hence it is now applied to a public recantation, or apology, for any injury done. A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv- ed, or altered for the better. A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends. t A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement. A-MENDTNG, ppr. Correcting ; reforming ; altering for the better. A-MEND'MENT, n. 1. An alteration or change for the bet- ter ; reformation of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph, added, or proposed to be added, to a bill before a legisla ture.— - 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ oi process. — Syn. Correction ; improvement ; reformation emendation. A-MENDS', n. pi. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an in jury. — Syn. Reparation ; satisfaction ; recompense ; atone- ment; restitution; equivalent. A-MEN'I-TY, n. [L. am&nitas; Fr. amenite.] Pleasantness, agreeableness of situation ; that which delights the eye. A MEN'S A ET To'RO. [L.] From board and bed. A di- vorce from board and bed, is when husband and wife sep- arate, but the husband maintains the wife. AM'ENT, > n. A kind of inflorescence, such as is found A-MENT'UM, 5 on the chestnut, willow, &c. AM-EN-TI'CEOUS (am-en-ta'shus), a. _ 1. Growing in an ament ; resembling a thong. 2. Furnished with aments ; having flowers arranged in aments. t A-MEN'TY, n. [Fr. amende.] Madness. A-MERCE' (a-mers*), v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci.] I To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecuniary penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, br-t left to the discretion or mercy of the court. 2. To inflict a pe- cuniary penalty; to punish in general. A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. A-MER'CED (a-merst'), pp. Fined at the discretion of a court A-MERCE'MENT (a-mers'ment), n. A pecuniary penalty inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. A-MER'CER, n. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an offender. t A-MER'CIA-MENT, n. Amercement.— Selden. A-MER'I-€A, n. [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the great continents, lying west of the Atlantic Ocean. A-MEPJI-CAN, a. Pertaining to America. A-MER'I-GAN, n. A native of America ; originally applied to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by the Europeans ; but now applied to the descendants or Europeans bom in America, especially to inhabitants of the United States. A-MER'I-€AN-ISM, n. An American idiom ; the love whicl' American citizens have for their own country K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete AMM 36 fi MER ; IV* ft £,, v. . 1c renier American; to natural- Izct ia \meria a MES- * "'■ E S.e Am^ s-ace, A-Mlv a-Bo'LI iN, n. \ In zoi/ogy, a term denoting a di- A-ME'l- A. Bo'LJ-A, n. pi. > vision of insects which do not unflfTgQ any metamorphosis.- -Brande. f AM-E-PHOD'HD-AL, a. Out ol method; irregular. tA-METH'O-DIoT, n. A quack. AM'E-7 II ~i ST, n. [L. amethystus.] A variety of quartz, of a bluish- v iolet color, occurring in crystals, and also in rolled fragments. The coloring matter is an oxyd of manga- nese. Oristital amethyst, the violet-blue variety of transpa- rent crystallized corundum. AM'E-THyST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. AM E-THySTINE, a. Pertaining to, resembling, or com- posed of, amethyst. !• Ml- A, 7i. A genus of fish in Carolina. A- M I-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Amiableness. I'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amable; L. amabilis.] 1. Worthy of love ; deserving of aifection ; applied usually to persons. 2. Pretending or showing love. Shak. — Syn. Lovely ; charm- ing ; delightful ; pleasing. A MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving love ; love- liness. A'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner ; in a manner to excite or attract love. AM-I-AN'THUS, n. [Gr. a/xiavTos.] Earth flax, or mount- ain flax ; a mineral substance, somewhat resembling flax, belonging either to the species pyroxene or horn- blende. AM-I-AN'THI-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of amianthus. AM-I-AN'THIN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral, a variety of actinolite. AM-1-AN'THOID, n. [amianthus, and Gr. eiSog.] A variety of asbestus, composed of long capillary filaments, flexible and very elastic. AM-I-AN'THOID, a. Resembling amianthus in form. AM'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. amicabilis.] 1. Harmonious in social or mutual transactions. 2. Disposed to peace and friend- ship.- -Syn. Friendly ; peaceable ; kind ; harmonious. AM1-CA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being peaceable or friendly; lriendliness. AM'I-GA-BLY, adv. In a friendly manner. tA-Ml'€AL, a. Friendly.— W. Watson. AM'ICE, } n. [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Ro- AMTGT, 5 man Catholic priest 'ties about his neck, hanging down behind under the alb, when he officiates at mass. A-MID', \prep. [a, and Sax. midd.] 1. In the midst or A-MIDST', > middle. 2. Among; mingled with. 3. Sur- rounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is used mostly in poetry. AMO AMIDE, See Ammid. AM'I-DET, . AM'I-DlNE, n. Starch modified by heat so as to become transparent, and soluble in cold water. A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a ship, with regard to her length and breadth. A- MISS', a. 1. Wrong; faulty; out of order; improper. 2. adv. In a faulty manner ; contrary to propriety, truth, law, or morality. tA-MISS', n. Culpability; fault.— Shak. tA-MIS'SION, n. Loss.— More. fA-MIT', v. t. To lose. — Broicn. AM'I-TY, n. [Fr. amitie.] Friendship, in a general sense, be- tween individuals, societies, or nations ; good understand- ing. — Syn. Harmony ; kindness ; affection ; friendship ; good-wili. AJPMA, n. [Heb. .] 1. An abbess, or spiritual mother. 2. A girdle or truss used in ruptures. [Gr. ajiyt.a.] AMMAN, n. [G. amlmann; D. amptman.] In some European nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes. In France, a notary. AOIID, n. [From ammonia.'] A compound of ammidogen -spith an element, in which ammidogen is an electro-nega- tive ingredient. AM-MID'O-GEN, n. A basifying and basic principle, com- posed of two equivalents of hydrogen and one of nitro- gen, AMMI-RAL, n. An obsolete form of admiral. AM'MITE, \n. [Gr. a^o*;.] A sand-stone, or free-stone, HAM'MlTE, 5 of a pale-brown color. AM'MO-CHRySE, n. [Gr. « W o5 and xP^aog.] A yellow, soft stone, found in Germany. AM-MO-D?'TeS, n. [Gr. auuos and Svu.] The sand eel, a genue offish of the apodal order. AM-MG'NI-A, n. Volatile alkali; a substance which, in its uncombined form, exists in a state of gas. It is composed of three equivalents of nitrogen and one of hydrogen. AM-Mo'NI-AG, }a. Pertaining to ammonia, or possess- VM-MO-Nl'-A€-AL, 5 ing its properties. AM-Mo'NI-A€, \n. The concrete juice of a plant, GUM AM-Mo'NI-AC, 5 brought from Persia. AM-Mo'NI-AN, a. Relating to Ammonius, surnamed Saccas of Alexandria, the founder of the eclectic system of phi losophy^ AM'MON-lTE, n. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Ammon.\ Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved into a spiral form, like a ram's horn. AM-Mo'NI-UM, n. A compound radical, consisting of hydro gen and nitrogen. AM-MO-Ni'U-RET, 1 n. A term once applied to certain sup AM-MO-NlA-RET, ) posed compounds of ammonia and a pure metal, but now entirely disused. AM-MU-Ni"TION, n. [L. ad and munitio.] Military stores, or provisions for attack or defense. In modern usage, the signification is confined to the articles which are used in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds ; as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, surrounding the fetus in the womb. AM-NI-OTIC, a. Pertaining to, or obtained from, the am- nios ; as, amniotic acid, the same with the allantoic acid. AM-CE-BiEAN, a. Alternately answering. — Warton. AM-CE-BiE'UM, n. [Gr. afioidaiog.] A poem in which per sons are represented as speaking alternately. t A-MO-LI'TION, n. A removal. A-Mo'MUM, n. [Gr. a^w/^ov.] A genus of plants, all natives of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape. A-M6NG' (a-mung'), }prep. [Sax. onmang, ongemang.] A-M6NGST (a-inungst / ) J 1. In a general or primitive sense, mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated with, ormaking part of the number. 3. Of the number. A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [from Amon or Hamon.] Pertaining to Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and worship in Upper Egypt. AM-O-Ra'DO, n. [L. amor.] A lover. See Inamorato. whichis chiefly used. AM-O-ReANS, n. pi. A sect of Gemaric doctors or com- mentators on the Jerusalem Talmud. AM'O-RET, n. [L. amor.] A lover. AM-O-RETTE', n. [Fr. 'amourette.] An amorous woman , also a love-knot, or a trifling love affair. — Chaucer. AM'O-RIST, n. [L. amor.] A lover; a gallant; an inamo- rato. — Boyle. t A-MORN'INGS, adv. In the mornings. AM-O-Ro'SA, n. [It.] A wanton woman. AM-O-Ro'SO, n. [It.] A lover ; a man enamored. AM'O-ROUS, a. [Fr. amoreux.] 1. Inclined to love ; having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment. 2. In love ; enamored. — Shak. 3. Pertaining or relating to love ; pro- duced by love ; indicating love. — Milton. Waller. — Syn. Loving; fond; tender; passionate. AM'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner. AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined to love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness. A-MORPH'OUS (a-mor'fus), a. [Gr. a and ixofKpn.] Having no determinate form ; of irregular shape. A-MORPH'Y, n. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de- terminate shape. — Swift. A-MORT, adv. [L. mors, mortuus.] In the state of the dead ; dejected ; spiritless. — Shak. A-MORT-I-ZI'TION, In. The act or right of alienating A-MORTIZE-MENT, > lands or tenements to a corporation . A-MORT'lZE, v. t. [Norm, amortizer.] In English law, to alienate in mortmain ; that is, to sell to a corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their success- ors. This was considered as selling to dead hands. A-Mo'TION, n. [L. amotio.] Removal. Warton. — In law, deprivation of possession. — Blackstone. A-MOUNT, v. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by an accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole ; to compose in the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend to, in effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence, wben all things are considered. A-MOUNT', n. 1. The sum total of two or more particular sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result ; the siim. A-MOUNTING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addition ; resulting, in effect or substance. A-MoUR', n. [Fr.} An unlawful connection in love ; a Jove intrigue ; an affair of gallantry. t A-MoVAL, n. [L. amoveo.] Total removal. t A-M5VE', v. t. [L- amoveo.] 1. To remove.- Hall. 2. In law, to remove from a post or station. — Hale, A-MoVTNG, a. Moving away. St e Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—!, E I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARYNE, BiRD ;— MOVE BOOK. AMP 37 AMY AM'If:-: ITE, n. [Gr. ainre\o<;.] A kind of earth used by ttie ancients to kill insects on vines ; hence the name. Also, a compound of alum and graphic schist. AM-PHIB'I-AL, to. ) [Gr. a/xcbi and j3ios-] In zoology, the AM-PHIB'I-AN, n. > amphibia are a class of animals, so AM-PHIB'I-A, n. pi. > formed as to live on land, and for a long time under water. AM-PHIB'I-O-LlTE, to. [Gr. a^iBiog and > t 0o?.] A term denoting the fossil remains of the amphibia of Linnaeus. AM-PHIB-I-O-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiology. AM-PHIB-1-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. af x(pi, j8to?, and \oyog.] A dis- course or treatise on amphibious animals, or the history and description of such animals. AM-PHIB'I-OUS (am-fib'e-us), a. 1. Having the power of living in two elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed na- ture ; partaking of two natures. AM-PHIB'I-OUS-NESS, to. The quality of being able to live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures. AM-PHIB'I-UM, to. That which lives in two elements, as in air and water. AM'PHl-BoLE, to. [Gr. an phy, the inhabitants between the trop- ics, whose shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to the north, and in the other, to the south. AM'PHI-TANE, to. A name given by ancient naturalists to a fossil, called by Dt. Hill pyricubium. VM-PHI-THE'A-TER ) (am-fe-the'a-ter), to. [Gr. anVE ;- _3ULI/. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH a > in tiis. t Obsolete ANA 38 . An acid obtained from bitter ANA lir?H-ML IG AZ 1 abv-mds. & M YG'DA- UlN V-, a. Pirn taming to or resembling tbo almond. A MYG'DA-LIN lb, «. A crystalline substance obtained from the keiuel oi'tlie bitter almor d. /-MYG'Dn-LOID, n. [Gr. a ixv-SaXsa.] A variety of trap reck containing small -.avitien, occupied wholly or in part by nodules cr geedes of diiierent minerals, particularly urates, quartz, calcareous spar, and the zeolites. aMYG-DA-LOID'AL, a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, imygdaloid, AM. Y-La'CEOUS a. [L. amylnm.] Pertaining to starch, or the farinaceous part of grain; resembling starch. A.-MYLTG ACID, n. A yolati.e acid obtained irom starch. — Turner. AM'Y-LiNE, n. [L. amylum.] The insoluble part of starch. AM'Y-RALD-ISM, n. In Chuich history, the doctrine of uni- versal grace, as explained by Amyraldus. AN a. [Sax. an, ane, one; D. een; Ger. ein; Sw. and Dan. en ■ Fw on, un, une ; Sp. un, uno ; It. uno, una ; L. unus, u no, unum ; Gr. h ; Ir. ein, tan, aon ; W. un, yn.\ One ; not- ing an individual ; either definitely, known, certain, speci- fied or understood; or indefinitely, not certain, known, or specified. Definitely ; as, " Noah built an ark of gopher wood." " Paul was an eminent apostle." Indefinitely ; as, •'■ Bring me an orange." Before a consonant, the letter n is dr ->pped ; as, a man ; except before h silent ; as, an hour. AN, in old English authors, signifies if; as, "an it please _ youi honor." A'NA, ad, or a. [Gr. ava.] In medical prescriptions, it de- notes an equal quantity of the several ingredients ; as, wine and honey, ana, da, or a fii, that is, of wine and _ honey each two ounces. A'NA, as a termination, denotes a collection of memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligeraua is a book containing the say- lags ot'Sealiger. Similar collections existed among the an- cients, as the Dicta Collectanea, or sayings of Julius Cesar. AN-A-BA PTISM, n. The doctrine of the Anabaptists. AN-A-BAPTIST, n. [Gr. ava and i3uittiottis.} One who holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults alone, or of the invalidity of infant baptism, and who, of course, main- tains that persons baptized in their infancy ought to be baptized again. AN-A-BAP-TISTTC, \a. Relating to the Anabaptists, or AN-A-BAP-TI8TI-G-AL, j to their doctrines. AN-A-BAP'TIST-ItY, n. The sect of Anabaptists. tAN-A-BAP-TlZE', v. t. To rebaptize.— W hillock. AN-A-BRo'SIS, n. A wasting away of the body. AN-A-€AMP'Ti€, a. [Gr. ava and Mfra ra).] Reflecting or reflected. Anacamptic sounds, among the ancients, were those produced by reflection or reverberation, as echoes. AN-A-€AMP'T.€-AL-LY, adv. By reflection; as echoes are sounds anacamptically produced. — Brande. AN-A-CAMP'TIGS, n. The doctrine of reflected light or re- flected sound. AN-A-€aR'DI-UM, n. A genus of plants to which ..elongs the cashew-nut. or marking nut. AN-A-€A-THaRTI€, a. [Gr. ava and Kadapmg.] Cleansing, by exciting discharges from the mouth and nostrils. AN-A-GA-THaR'T1€, n. A medicine which excites dis- charges by the mouth or nose. AN-A-CEPH-A-LiE-o'SIS, n. [Gr. avaKi-paXdioiuig.] Reca- pitulation of the heads of a discourse. AN-ACH'O-RET. See Anchoret. AN-A-CHO-RET'IC AL, a. Relating to an anachoret, or an- choret. AN-A€H'RO-NISM (an-ak'ro-nizm), n. [Gr. ava and xpovog.] An error in chronology, by which events are misplaced in regard to the order of then occurrence. AN-ACH-RO-NISTLG, a. Erroneous in date ; containing an anachronism. — Warton. AN-A-€LASTI€, a. [Gr. ava and icXaois.] Refracting ; breaking the rectilinear course of light. A N-A-€LAS'TI€S, n. That part of optics which treats of the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, winch see. AN-ACCE-No'SIS (an-a-se-no'sis), n. [Gr. avaKoivuoig.] A figure of rhetoric, by which a speaker applies to his op- ponents lor their opinion on the point in debate. A N-A-eO-Lu'THON, n. [Gr. avatcoXovOov.] A grammatical term denoting the want of sequence in a sentence, one of whose members does not correspond with the remainder. — Brande. AN-A-€ON'D A, n. A name given in Ceylon to a large snake, a species of boa. A-NAC-RE-ONTIC, a. Pertaining to Anacreon. A NA€-RE-ON'TI€, n. A poem composed in the manner of Anacreon. AN'A-DEM, n. [Gr. avadvfia.] A garland or fillet ; a chap- let or crown of flowers. — W. Browne. AN-A-DI-PLo'SIS, n. [Gr. ava and dmXoog.] Duplication, a figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repetition of the last word or words in a fine or clause of a sentence in the beginning of the next. I AN'A-DROM, n. [See below.] A fish that ascends rivp'-s.— Morin. ! A-NAD'RO-MOUS, a. [Gr. ava and £pop.os.) Ascending ; 3 word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh waters at stated seasons. j AN'A-GLyPH (an'a-glif), n. [Gr. ava and yXv into first principles ; that separates into parts, or original principles; that resolves a com- pound body or subject. It is opposed to synthetic. AN A-LyTTC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of analysis. AN A-LyTTGS, ». The science of analysis. AN A-LyZA-BLE, n. That can be analyzed. AN A-LYZA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being analyzable. ANA-LYZE, v. t. [Gr. ava\vu>.] To resolve a "body into its elements ; to separate a compound subject into its parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination of each separately. AN'A-LYZ ED (an'a-hzd), pp. Ptesolved into its constituent parts or principles for examination. ANA-LYZ-ER, n. One who analyzes ; that which analyzes, or has the power to analyze. AN'A-LYZ-ING, ppr. Resolving into elements, constituent jparts, or first principles. AN-AM-Ne'SIS, n. [Gr. uvauvrjoi;.] A figure in rhetorie which calls to remembrance something omitted. — Knowlcs. AN-AM-NES'TIC. a. That aids the memory. * AN-A-MORPHO-SIS, or AN-A-MORPH-o'SIS, n. [Gr. ava and uoptpwai j.] 1. In perspective drawings, a distorted por- trait or figure, which, in one point of new, is confused or unintelligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular rep- resentation. — 2. In botany, any part of a plant hi which there is an unusual cellular development, is said to be in a state of anamorphosis. A-N a'NAS, n. The name of a species of pine-apple. AN-AN"GU-LAR, a. Without angles. [Bad.] ANA-PEST, n. [Gr. ava and iraiui.] In poetry, a foot con- sisting of three syllables, the first two short, the last long. AN-A-PEST'IC, n. The anapestic measure. AN-A-PESTT€, a. Peilmning to an anapest ; consisting of anapests. A-NAPH'O-RA (a-naf 'o-ra), n. [Gr. from avatpepu).] 1. A fig- ure in rhetoric, when the same word or words are re- peated at the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses of a sentence. — 2. Among physicians, the dis- charge of blood or purulent matter by the mouth. AN-A-PLE-ROTI€,a. [Gr. ava~\nj>ou.] Fillingup; promot- ing granulation, as oi wounds. AN-A-PLE-ROT'IC, n. A medicine which promotes the gran- ulation or incarnation of wounds and ulcers. — Parr. AN'aRGH (an'ark). n. The author of confusion ; one who excites revolt — Milton. ANaP>CH'IG, I a. Without rule or government; in a A-NaRCH'IG-AL, 5 state of confusion ; applied to a state or society. Fielding uses anarchial. tAN'ARCH-ISM (an'ark-izm), n. Confusion. AN'AR€H-IST, n. An anarch ; one who excites revolt, or promotes disorder in a state. AN-ARCH-Y, n. [Gr. avapxia.] Want of government ; a state of society when there is no law or supreme power, or when the laws are not efficient ; political confusion. A-NARHI-CHAS, n. The sea wolf. AN- ARTHROUS, a. [Gr. av and apdpov.] lagrammar, with- out the article. A'NAS, n. [L.] A genus of water fowls, embracing the va- rious species of ducks. AN-A-SIR'CA, n. [Gr. ava and aap\.] A dropsy of the cellu- lar membrane, occasioning a soft, pale, unelastic swelling of the skin. AN-A-SaR'€OU3, a. Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy ; dropsical. AN-A-STAL'TIG, a. [Gr. avaareWw.] In medicine, ashing, eat; styptic. — Coze. AN-A-STAT'I€-PRINTTNG, n. A mode of obtaining a fac- simile of any printed page, engraving, &c, on a plate of zinc, from which an impression can be taken as from the stone of the lithographic press. A-NAS-TO-MAT'IC, a. Having the quality of removing ob- structions. A-NAS'TO-MoSE, v. i. [Gr. ava and croua.] To inosculate ; to communicate with each other, as the arteries and veins. A-NAS-TO-Mo'SING, ppr. or a. Inosculating. A-NAS-TO-Mo'SIS, n. The inosculation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another, as an artery into an- other artery, or a vein into a vein. A-NAS-TO-MOTIC, a. Pertaining to anastomosis, or the opening of one vessel into another. V-NAS-TO-MOTTC, n. A medicine supposed to have the power of opening vessels into each other, and promoting circulation. A-N AS'TRO-PHE, n. [Gr. avaarpo^.] In rhetoric an&gram- mar. an inversion of the natural order of words. *lVA-TASE, n. [Gr. uvaTauis.] A native oxyd of titanium, occurring in brilliant octahedral crystals of a brown or somewhat bluish color externally, but greenish yeh( w by transmitted light. It is also called octalizdr.te. A-NATH'E-MA, n. [GT.avade^a.] 1. Excommunication will 1 , curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiasticu authority, accompanying excommunication. — 2. In lieailie* antiquity, an offering or present made to a deity, and d posited in his temple, especially as a token of gratitud for deliverance from danger, or success in some great un dertaking. A-NATH-E-MATIG-AL, a. Pertaining to anathema. A-NATH-E-M AT'!€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of anathema A-NATH'E-MA-TJSM. n. Excommunication. — Tooker. A-NATH-E-MA-TI-ZaTION, n. The act of anathematizing A-NATH'E-MA-TlZE, v. t. To excommunicate with a de nunciation of curses ; to pronounce an anathema against. A-NATHE-MA-TiZjED, pp. Excommunicated with curses. A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who anathematizes. A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Pronouncing an anathema. AN-A-TIF'ER-OUS,a. [L.anas and/ere] Producing ducks. A-NAT'O-CISM, n. [L. anatocismus.] Interest upon inter- est ; the taking of compound interest. [Rarely used.] AN-A-TOMTC-AL, a. Belonging to anatomy or dissection; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or sep- arated. AN-A-TOMTG-AL-LY, adv. In an anatomical manner; by means of dissection. A-NATO-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies; one who ie skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrine and principles of anatomy. A-NAT-O-MI-ZA'TION, n. The act of anatomizing. A-NAT'O-MlZE, v. t. To dissect an animal ; to divide inte the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining each by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the parts of a body or subject. A-NATO-MiZ£D, pp. Dissected, as an animal body. A-NAT'O-MlZ-ING, ppr. Dissecting. A-NATO-MY, n. [Gr. avaro/iv] 1. The art of dissecting, or artificially separating the different parts of an animal body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy. 2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by dis- section. 3. The act of dividing any tiling, corporeal or in- tellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts. 4. The body stripped of its integuments and muscles ; a skele- ton ; an improper use of the sioord. 5. Ironically, a meager person. AN-A-TREP'TIG, a. [Gr. ava r/>£7ro).] Overthrowing; defeat- ing; prostrating. ANA-TRON, n. [Gr. virpov.] 1. Soda, or mineral fixed al- kali. 2. Spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon melted glass in the furnace, and, when taken off, dissolves in the air, and then coagulates into a salt. 3 The salt which collects on the walls of vaults. AN'BU-RY, n. 1. A soft tumor on horses, containing blood, 2. A sort of gall produced by insects on the roots of turnips, cabbages, &c. AN'CES-TOR, n. [Fr. ancestres ; L. antecessor.] One from whom a person descends, either by the father or mother, at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth genera- tion. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or blood ; a predecessor in the order of office. AN-CES-TdTtl-AL, a. Ancestral.— Pollok. AN-CES'TRAL, a. Relating or belonging to ancestors ■ claimed or descending from ancestors. AN-CES'TRESS, n. A female ancestor. AN'CES-TRY, n. A series of ancestors or progenitors ; lin- eage, or those who compose the line of natural descent Hence, birth, or honorable descent IN'CHEN-TRY. See Ancientby. AN€H'I-LOPS, n. [Gr. aiyiXuip.] The goat's eye ; an ab- scess in the inner angle of the eye ; an incipient fistula lachrymalis. ANCHOR, ii. [L. anchora.] 1. An iron instrument for holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. — At anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence, to lie or ride at anchor. — To cast aiichor, or to anchor, is to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest. — To weigh anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground. 2. In a fig- urative sense, that which gives stability or security ; that on which we place dependence for safety. — 3. In architec- ture, anchors are carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor. — In heraldry, anchors are emblems of hope. ANCHOR, v. t. 1. To place at anchor. A ship is anchored- but not moored, by a single anchor. 2. To fix or fasten on to fix in a stable condition. ANCHOR, v. i. 1. To cast anchor ; to come to anchor. 2. To stop ; to fix or rest on. ANCH'OR-A-BLE, a. Fit for anchorage. ANCHOR-AGE, n. 1. Anchor-ground ; a place where a ship can anchor. 2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or, rather, the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring. 3. A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor. ANCHORED, pp. Lying or riding at anchor ; held by an anchor ; fixed in safety. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— C as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cL as SH; TH as in 'hi* t Obsolete. AND 40 ANG AN€H 041ESS, n. A finale anchoret. ANGHO-RET, \n. [G- avax^pnrm- Written by some au- AN€H )-RITE, 5 then s, anachoret.] A henn.t ; a recluse; one who retires from society into a desert or solitary place, to avoid the temptations of the world, and devote himself to religious duties. ANCH-OR-ET'IG, \a. Pertaining to a hermit, or his ANCH-OR-ET'IG-AL, J mode of life. ANCH'OR-GROUND, n. Ground suitable for anchoring. ANCH'OR-HOLD, u. The hold or fastness of an anchor; security. ANGH'OR-ING, ppr. Coming to anchor, as a ship ; casting anchor. ANG.H'OR-SMITH, n. A maker of anchors. AN-CHO VY, n. [Port, and Sp. anchova.] A small fish of the herring kind, caught in vast numbers in the Mediterranean, and used as a sauce or seasoning. AN-CHo'VY-PEaR, n. A fruit of the West Indies. It re- sembles the mango in taste, and, like it, is sometimes pickled when areen. ANGHT-L5S.ED (ank'y-lost), a. Immovably united or fix- ed, as joints of bones. — Mantell. AN€H-Y-Lo'SIS, n. [Gr. ayxuAwtris.] In medicine, stiffness or immobility of a joint naturally movable. ANGH-Y-LOT'IC, a. Pertaining to anchylosis. AN'CIENT (an'shent), a. [Fr. ancien.] 1. Old; that hap- pened or existed in former times, usually at a great dis- tance of time ; as, ancient authors, ancient days. 2. Old ; that has been of long duration ; as, an ancient city. 3. Known from ancient times ; as, the ancient continent, opposed to the new continent. — Syn. Old; primitive ; pristine; antique; antiquated; old-fashioned; obsolete. AN'CIENT, n. Generally used in the plural, ancients. 1. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns. — In Scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, polit- ical and ecclesiastical. Hooker uses the word for seniors. 2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a ship of war, and also the colors of a regiment. aN'CIENT-LY, adv. In old times ; in times long since past. aN'CIENT-NESS, n. The state of being ancient; antiquity; existence from old times. aN'CIENT-RY, n. Dignity of birth ; the honor of ancient lineage. — Shah. t AN'CIENT- Y, n. Age ; antiquity. — Martin. AN'CIENT- Y, n. In some old English statutes and authors, eldership, or seniority. AN-Cl'LE, n. [L.] In Roman antiquity, the sacred shield of Mars, said to have fallen from heaven in the reign of Numa. AN'CIL-LA-RY, a. [L. ancilla.] 1. Literally, pertaining to a maid-servant, or female service. 2. Subservient or sub- ordinate ; as, a court which is ancillary to another. AN-CIP'I-TAL, a. [L. anceps.] Doubtful, or double ; double- faced or double-iormed. — In botany, double-edged. AN'€6ME, n. A small, ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly. — Boucher. AN'GON, n. [L. ancon.] The olecranon, the upper end of the ulna, or elbow". — Coxe. AN'CoNES, n. pi. [L. ancon.] In architecture, the brackets sup- porting a cornice on the flanks, as in doorways, &c. Also, the corners or quoins of walls, cross-beams, or rafters. AN'GO-NY, n. In iron works, a piece of half-wrought iron, in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and un- wrought at the ends. AND, conj. [Sax. and ; Ger. und.] And is a conjunction, connective, or conjoining word. It signifies that a word or part of a sentence is to be added to what precedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange ; that is, give me an apple, add, or give, in additicn to that, an orange. tAN'DA-BA-TISM, n. Uncertainty. AN-DA-Lu'SlTE, n. A mineral first found in Andalusia, in Spain, usually occurring in thick, lamellar forms of a grayish or pale-reddish tint, and sometimes in rhombic prisms. It consists of silica and alumina. AN-DAN'TE. [It.] In music, a word used to direct to a movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro. ANT)AR,-A€, n. Red orpiment. — Coze. ANDE-AN, a. Pertaining to the Andes. AN-Dl'EA, n. The genus of plants to which belongs the cabbage-bark tree of Jamaica. AlSDl-I'tON (nnd-i'urn), n. [Teutonic, andena, or andela ; Sax. brand-isen.] An iron utensil, used, in Great Britain, where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a spit; but, in America, used to support the wood in fire- places. AN-DRA-NAT'O-MY, n. [Gr. av v p, avSpos, and avaropn.] The dissection of a human body, especially of a male. AN'DRE O-LlTE, n. A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-stone. AN-DR06'Y-NAL. la. [Gr. avrjp and yvvr,.] Having two AN-DROG'Y-NOUS, $ sexes; being male and female ; "her- maphroditical. — In botany, the name is applied to plants bearing both staminifcrous and pistilliferous flowers on the Bame root. AN-DROG'Y-NAL-LY, adv. With the parts of both sexes. AN-DROG'Y-NUS, n. A hermaphrodite.— Johnson. AN-DROID'ES, n. [Gr. avvp and eidos.] A machine in the human form, which, by internal springs, performs some of the natural motions of a living man. AN-DROM'E-DA, n. A northern constellation, behind Pege sus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus. The name of a celebrated tragedy of Euripides, now lost. Also, a genus of plants. AN'DRON, n. [Gr. avrjp.] in Grecian and Roman architec ture, the apartment of a house for the males ; this was ii the lower part of the house, and the gyneccea, or apart ments for females, in the upper part. — Braude. AN-DRO-PETAL-OUS, a. [Gr. avnp and ireraXov.] A tern. applied to double flowers, produced by the conversion of the stamens into petals, as in the garden ranunculus — Brande. AN-DPlOPH'A-GI, n. pi. [Gr. avnp and cJayoi.] Man-eaters but the word is little used, being superseded by anthro- pophagi. AN-DROrO-MY, n. [Gr. avnp and ropn.] A cutting of hu- man bodies ; dissection of the human body, as distin- guished from zootomy. A-NEAR',jprep. Near. — Atterbwy. AN'EG-Do-TAL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. AN'EG-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and ckSotos] 1. In its original sense, secret history, or facts not generally known. But in more common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact of an interesting nature ; a biographical incident ; a single passage of private life. 2. A narration of a particu lar incident or event. — Mclmouth. AN-EC-DOTTG-AL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. t A-NeLE', v. t. [Sax. cell.] To give extreme unction. AN-E-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avepos and ypaQn.] A descrip- tion of the winds. AN-E-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. aveuog and Xoyos.] The doctrine of winds, or a treatise on the subject. AN-E-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ave/xos and /terpen).] An instru- ment or machine for measuring the strength or velocity of the wind. A-NEM'O-NE, n. [Gr. avefiuvn.] Wind-flower ; a genus of plants, of numerous species. — Sea-Anemone. See Animal Flower. A-NEM'O-NIN, n. An acrid, cry stahiz able substance obtained from some species of anemone It burns like camphor. — Brande. A-NEM'O-SGOPE, n. [Gr. avziips and ckottzw.] A machine which shows the course or direction of the wind. A-NENT', prep. About ; concerning ; over against [A Scottish word.] ANES. See Awns. AN'EU-RISM, n. [Gr. ava and cvpvvw.] A soft, pulsating tumor, arising from a preternatural dilatation or rupture of the coats of an artery. AN-EU-RIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to an aneurism. A-NEW (a-nu 1 ), adv. Over again ; another time ; in a new form; as, to create anew. AN-FRAC'TU-OUS, a. [L. anfractus.] Winding ; full of windings and turnings ; written less correctly, anfractuose, AN-FRAG-TU OS'I-TY, \n. A state of being full of wind- AN-FRAGTU-OUS-NESS. 5 ings and turnings. AN-FRAGTURE (an-frakfure), n. A mazy winding. AN-GA-RI-a'TION, n. [L. angario.] Compulsion ; exertion. AN-GEI-OT'O-MY. See Angiotomy. XN'GEL, n. [L. angclus; Gr. ayyeXo*;.] 1. Literally, a mes- senger ; one employed to communicate news or informa- tion from one person to another at a distance. 2. A spirit, or a spiritual, intelligent being, employed by God to com- municate his will to man. — 3. In a bad sense, an evil spirit ; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. 4. Christ, the Mediator and Head of the Church. — Rev., x. 5. A minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. — Rev., ii. and iii. 6. Any being whom God employs to execute his judg ments. — Rev., xvL — 7. In the style of love, a very beautiful person. — Shah. aN'GEL, n. A fish found on the coast of Carolina, aN'GEL, n. A gold coin formerly current in England, buar ing the figure of an angel, worth ten shillings sterling. aN'GEL, a. Resembling angels ; angelic. — S ; iak. aN'GEL-AGE, n. The existence or state of angels. aN'GEL-BED, n. An open bed, without posts. — Know^es. aN'gEL-FISH, n. A species of shark. AN-GEL'IG, 1 a. [L. angelicus.] Resembling angels ; be- AN-GEL'IG-AL, } longing to angels, or partaking of their nature ; suiting the nature and dignity of angels. AN-GEL'I-GA, n. A plant of a pungent, aromatic taste, uaed in confectionery and medicine. AN-GELTG-AL-LY, adv. Like an angel. AN-GEL'IG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being angelic ; ex cellence more than human. IN'GEL-lTES, n. pi. In Church history, a sect go called from Angelium, in Alexandria, wnere they h -Id their first meetings. They held that each perso?. ol the T-.wty is a God, existing by a participation oJ a .ommoii na- ture. SceSynopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— A, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y :— MARINE, BiiVp- -' M6\f* WsSlL ANG 41 ANI Aff-GEL- LIKE, a. Resembling, or having the manners of angels aN-gEL OL'OgY, n. A discourse on angels; or, the doc- triva of angelic beings. — Ch. Spectator. AN'gE-LOT, n. [Fr. anche.] 1. An instrument of music, somewhat resembling a lute. 2. An ancient English coin. 3. A small, rich sort of cheese. A.N'gEL-PeOTL.ED, a. Peopled with angels. — Jewsbury. XN'GF.L-SHOT, n. [Fr. ange.] Chain-shot, being two halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain. JN'gEL-WEL'CoME, n. Welcome by angels. — Botoring. AN'GEL-WINGJSD, a. Winged like angels. AN'gEL-WOR-SHIP, n. The worshiping of angels. AN 'GER (ang'ger), n. [L. a?igor.] 1. A violent passion of the mind, excited by a real or supposed injury ; usually accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to obtain satisfaction from the offending party. 2. Pain or smart of a sore or swelling ; the literal sense of the word, but little used. — Syn. Resentment; wrath; rage; fury; passion ; ire ; gall ; choler ; indignation ; displeasure ; vex- ation ; grudge ; spleen. AN"GER, v. t. 1. To excite anger ; to rouse resentment. 2. To make painful ; to cause to smart. — Syn. To irritate ; enrage ; intiame ; provoke ; exasperate ; rouse ; incite. AN"GER£D, pp. Provoked ; made angry. AN''GER-LY, adv. In an angry manner; more generally written angrily. tAN"GER-NESS, n. The state of being angry. AN-gi'NA, n. [L. from ango.] In medicine, a term applied to all inflammatory affections of the throat or fauces, from the accompanying difficulty of breathing ; it includes the quinsy, croup, malignant sore-throat, &c. AN-gi'NA PE€'TO-RIS, n. [L.J A periodical nervous af- fection of the chest, occasionmg great pain. — Coze. AN-Gl-OG'RA-PHY, it. [Gr. oyyeiov and ypan. T<. remark; criticise; blame; censure; comment. VLRT'ER, n. One who animadverts, or makes rem".,- 1 *' bv way of censure. AN-I-MAP-VERTING, ppr. Considering ; remarking by way jf jricicism or censure. AN'I-M \L, n. [L.] An organized body, endowed with life, eensMi .a, and the power of voluntary motion ; a living, eenativ c, locomotive body ; as, man is an intelligent animal. By way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid animal. AN I MAL, a. That belongs or relates to animals. AN-I MAL'-SU-LAR, \a. Pertaining to animalcules. — Lon- 4N-I-MAL'€U-LlNE. > don Quarterly Review. AN-I-MAL'CULE, n. [L. animalculum, animalcvla.~\ A little animal ; an animal whose figure can not be discerned with- out the aid of a magnifying glass. The Latin animalcule is often used in the plural. AN-I-MAL'CU-LIST, n. One versed in the knowledge of an imalc ules. — Keith. AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER, n. A name applied to several spe- cies of zoophytes, but especially to the Sea- Anemone. They are usually fixed to rocks, and appear, when ex- panded, like a large flower, at whose center is the mouth of the animal. AN'I-MAL-MAG'NET-ISM, n. A supposed agent of a mys- terious nature, said to have a powerful influence on the patient when acted on by contact or voluntary emotion on the part of the operator. See Mesmerism. AN'I-MAL-ISH, a. Like an animal. — Cudworth. AN'I-MAL-ISM, n. The state of mere animals, actuated by sensual appetites only. — Beecher. fAN-I-MAL'I-TY, n. Animal existence. — Smith. AN-I-MAL-I-ZI'TION, n. 1. The act of giving animal life. 2. Conversion into animal matter, by the process of assim- ilation. AN'I-MAL-IZE, v. t. To give animal life to ; to endow with the properties of animals. iN'I-MAL-lZi£D, pp. Endowed with animal life. AN'I-MAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Giving animal life to. AN'I-MAL-NESS, n. The state of animal existence. AN'I-MaTE, v. t. [L. animo.] 1. To give natural life to ; to make alive. 2. To give powers to, or to heighten the powers or effect of a thing. 3. To give spirit orvigor ; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening passion. — Syn. To enliven ; inspirit ; stimulate ; exhilarate ; inspire ; insti- gate ; rouse ; urge ; cheer ; prompt ; incite ; quicken ; gladden. AN'I-MATE, a. Alive ; possessing animal life. [Used chiefly in poetry for animated.} AN'I-Ma-TED, pp. or a. 1. Being endowed with animal life. 2. a. Lively ; vigorous ; full of spirit; indicating animation. AN'I-Ma-TING, ppr. Giving life ; infusing spirit ; enlivening. AN'I-M A -TING-LY, adv. In an animating manner. AN-1-MaTION, n. 1. The act of infusing life ; the state of being animated. 2. The state of being lively, brisk, or full of spirit and vigor. — Syn. Life ; vivacity ; spirit ; buoy- ancy £ sprightliness ; liveliness ; airiness ; promptitude. AN'I-Ma-TIVE, a. That has the power of giving life or spirit. — Johnson. AN'1-MA-TOR, n. One that gives life ; that which infuses life or spirit. AN'IM-E, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a term denoting that the eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tinct- ure from the animal itself. AN1M-E, n. [Sp.] A resin of an amber color, used as a varnish. AN-I-METTA, n. Among ecclesiastical wr iters, the cloth which covers the cup of the eucharist. AN'I-MISM, n. The doctrine that the living phenomena of organized bodies is produced by some actuating or vital principle distinct from those bodies ; also, as taught by Borne, the doctrine that all the phenomena of the animal system are produced by the agency of the soul. iN'1-MISr, n. One who maintains the doctrines of ani- mism. kN'I-MO_ FU-RAN'DT. [L.] In law, with intent to steal. tAN-I-MoSE', a. Full of spirit ; resolute tAN-I-MoSE-NESS, n. Spirit; heat. AN-I-MOS'I-TY, n. [L. animositas.] Violent hatred leading to active opposition ; active enmity. A-NIN GA, n. A root growing hi the West Indies, like the China plant, used in refining sugar. ANTON, n. [Gr. ava, upward, and twv, going.] A term ".quivalent to electro-negative element ; being that element oi electro-chemical decompositions which is evolved at the surface where the electrical current enters the elec- trolyte ; opposed to cation. AN'ISE, n. [L. anisum.] An annual aromatic plant, placed by Linnaeus under the genus pimpinclla. ANISE SEED, n. The seed of anise. Used against flatu- »?nce and for making cordials. AN-IS-ETTE', n. A cordial flavored with anise seed. ANK'ER, n. A measure of liquids, formerly used in Eng land, and now in Holland, containing about ten wine gallons. ANK'ER-ITE, n. A mineral consisting of the carbonates erf lime, iron, and magnesia. It resembles carbonate of lime in color and crystalline structure, but turns brown on ex- posure, owing to the iron it contains. ANK'LE (anMd), n. [Sax. ancleow ; D. enkel.] The joint which connects the foot with the leg. ANK'LE-BoNE, n. The bone of the ankle. ANK'LJED, a. Relating to the ankles. ANK'LET, n. A little ankle ; an ornament for the ankle. AN'L ACE, n. A kind of dagger shaped like a scythe. [ Obs.^ ANjM, ? ». In Scotch law, the right of the executors of a AN'NAT, 5 deceased clergyman to a half year's revenue of his benefice. — Ed. Encyc. AN'NAL, n A mass said for a person either every day in the year, or on a particular day every year. — P. Cue. AN'NAL-IST, n. A writer of annals. AN'NAL-lZE, v. t. To record ; to write annals. [Rare.] ANNALS, n. pi. [L. annales.] 1. A species of history di- gested in order of time, or a relation of events in chrono- logical order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened. 2. The books containing annals. AN'NATS, n. pi. [L. a?mus.] A year's income of a spiritual living. AN-NeAL', v. t. [Sax. anczlan.] 1. To heat, as glass, cast iron or other metals, and then cool very slowly, for the purpose of rendering them less brittle, or to fix colors. AN-NeAL-ED' (an-neeW), pp. or a. Heated ; tempered ; made malleable and less brittle by heat. AN-Ne ALTNG, ppr. or a. Heating ; tempering by heat AN-Ne AL'ING, n. The process of applying heat to remove brittleness from metals, glass, &c. AN-NECTANT, a. Connecting ; annexing. AN'NE-LID, n. "> [L. annellus and Gr. £j<5o?.] Terms AN-NEL'I-DAN, n. I applied in 7iatural history tc the AN-NE L'I-Dx\, n. pi. f common earth-worm, and the va AN-NEL-Li'TA, n.pl.) rious allied animals. They con- stitute one division of the articulata, or articulate animals. AN-NEX', v. t. [L. annecto.] 1. To unite at the end; to sub- join ; to affix. 2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a greater, 3. To unite to something preceding, as the main object , to connect with. AN-NEX', v. i. To join ; to be united.— Tooke. t AN-NEX^, n. The thing annexed. — Brown. AN-NEX-a'TION, n. The act of annexing, or uniting at the end; conjunction; addition: the act of connecting ; union AN-NEX.ED' (an-nexr/), pp. Joined at the end ; connected with ; affixed. AN-NEX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; affixing. AN-NEXTON (an-nek'shun), n. The act of annexing ; an. nexation ; addition. [Little used.] AN-NEX'MENT, n. The act of annexing ; the thing an- nexed. — Shah. AN-Nl'HI-LA-BLE, a. That may be annihilated. AN-Ni'HI-LaTE, v. t. [L. ad and nihilum.] 1. To reduce to nothing ; to destroy the existence of. 2. To destroy the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the specif)** thing no longer exists. AN-Ni'HI-LATE, a. Annihilated.— Swift. AN-Ni'HI-La-TED, pp. Reduced to nothing ; destroyed. AN-Ni'HI-La-TING, ppr. Reducing to nothing ; destroying the_specific form of. AN-Ni-HI-LaTION, n. 1. The act of reducing to nothing or non-existence ; or the act of destroying the form or combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that the name can no longer be applied to it. 2. The state of being reduced to nothing. AN-NI-VERS'A-RI-LY, adv. Annually.— Hall. AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, a. [L. anniversarius.] Returning with the year, at a stated time ; annual ; yearly. AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, n. 1. A stated day, returning with the revolution of the year. The term is applied to h day on which some remarkable event is annually celebrated. 2 The act of celebration ; performance in honor of an event. — Anniversary days, in the Roman Catholic Church, are days in which an office is yearly performed for the souls of the deceased, or in which the martyrdom of a saint is celebrated. — P. Cyc. t AN'NI-VERSE, n. Anniversary. AN'NO DOM'I-NI. [L.] In the year of our Lord, noting the time from our Savior's incarnation ; as, Anno Domini^ or A.D. 1800. t AN-NOI'SANCE, n. A nuisance. AN-NOM-IN-A'TION, n. [L. ad and nominatio.] 1. A pun ; the tise of words nearly alike in sound, but of different meanings ; a paronomasia. 2. Alliteration. AN'NO MUN'Dl. [L.] In the year of the world. AN-No'NA, 7i. [L. anno7ia.] 1. A year's production or in- crease ; hence, provisions. — 2. A tax payable in corn, im- posed, in the Roman empire, on the mnr; fertile provin- ces. — Bra ^de. See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long -a, E, 1, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT —PREY —MARINE, BiRD , MfJVE, B{)QK, \N0 43 ANS AN'NO-TaTE, v. i. [L. annoto.] To comment ; to make remarks on a writing. — Tatlcr. AN-NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. annotation 1. A remark, note, or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to il- lustrate its meaning. 2. The first symptoms of a fever, or attack of a paroxysm. — Coxe. AN'NO-Ta-TOR, u. A writer of nates ; a commentator ; a scholiast. AN-NoTA-TO-RV, a. Containing annotations See Anotta. AN-NOT'TA, I AN-NOT'TO, 5 AN N OUNCE' (tin-nouns'), v. t. [Fr. anno?icer.] 1. To pub- lish ; to give notice, or first notice. 2. To pronounce ; to declare by judicial sentence. — Syn. To proclaim ; pub- lish ; make known ; promulgate. AN NOUN'CED (an-nounsf), pp. Proclaimed ; first pub- lished. AN-NOUNCE'MENT (an-nouns'ment), n. The act of giving notice ; proclamation ; publication. — Month. Mag. AN-NOUN'CER, n. One that announces, or first gives no- tice ; a yroclaimer. AN-NOUNCING, ppr. Introducing notice ; first publishing ; proclaiming. AN-NOY', v. t. [Norm, annoycr.] To incommode, or disturb, by continued or repeated acts. — Syn. To molest ; vex ; trouble ; pester ; embarrass ; perplex ; tease. AN-NOY', n. Injury or molestation from continued acts or inconvenience. — Shak. AN-NOY'ANCE, n. That which annoys, or injures ; the act of annoying ; the state of being annoyed. AN-NOY'jED (an-noyd'), pp. Incommoded, injured, or mo- lested by something that is continued or repeated. AN-NOY'ER, n. One that annoys. tAN-NOY'FUL, a. Giving trouble; incommoding; molest- ing. — Chaucer. AN-NOYTNG, ppr. Incommoding; hurting; molesting. tAN-NOY'OUS, a. Troublesome.— Chaucer. AN'NU-AL, a. [Ft. annuel] 1. Yearly; that returns every year ; coming yearly. 2. Lasting or continuing only one year or season ; that requires to be renewed every year. 3. Performed in a year. AN'NU-AL, n. A plant that lives but one year, or rather but one summer — Martyn. AN'NU-AL, n. A book published yearly, containing select compositions and elegant engravings. AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Yearly ; returning every year ; year by year. tAN'NU-A-RY, a. Annual— J. Hall. AN-Nu'I-TANT, n. One who receives or is entitled to re- ceive an annuity. AN-Nu'I-TY, n. [Fr. annuite.] A sum of money, payable yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life, or forever ; an annual income, charged on the person of the v grantor ; or an annual allowance. AN-NUL', v. t. [Fr. annuller.] 1. To make void or of no effect. 2. To reduce to nothing. — Syn. To abolish ; nul- lify; abrogate; repeal; cancel; reverse; rescind; revoke; destroy ; set aside ; obliterate. AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. annulus.] Having the form of a ring ; pertaining to a ring. — Annular eclipse, an eclipse of the sun obscuring the entire disc, except a bright ring found the border. — Brande. AN'NU-LA-RY, a. Having the form of a ring. — Ray. AN'NU-LATE, 1 a. Furnished with rings, or circles, like AN'NU-L a-TED, > rings ; having belts ; surrounded by rings, AN-NU-La'TION, n. A circular or ring-like formation ; a ring or belt. AN'NU-LET, n. [L. annulus.] In architecture, a small, square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter round ; also, a narrow, flat molding ; a fillet. — In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge in coats of arms. AN- NUL'LED (an nuW), pp. Made void ; abrogated. & N NUL'LING, ppr. Abrogating; abolishing. i N NUL'MENT, n. The act of annulling. AN NU-LoSE, a. [L. annulus.] Furnished with rings ; com- posed of rings. The annulose animals {annulosa) are the same as the articulate animals, or articulata. — Partington. &N-N D'ME-RITE, v. t. [L. annumero.J To add to a former number ; to unite to something beiore mentioned. — John- son. AN-NU-ME-RI'TION, n. Addition to a former number. AN-NUN'CIaTE, v. t. To bring tidings ; to announce.— — Chaucer. AN NUN-CI-A'TION, n. 1. An announcing; the tidings brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of Christ. Also, the day celebrated by the chxirch, in mem- ory of the angel's salutation of the blessed Virgin, which 's the 25th of March. 2. Proclamation ; promulgation. hX-a UN-CI-A'TOR,. n. One who announces. AN ODE, n. [Gr. ava and o<5oj.] In electro-chemistry, the way by which the electric current enters substances through which t oasses Deposed to cathode, and equivalent to Positive poie. AN'O-DYNE, n. [Gr. a or av, and oSvvt}.\ Any medicio which allays pain. AN'O-DYNE, a. Assuaging pain. AN'O-Dy-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of an asodyne. Coles. A-NOINT', v. l. [Fr. oindre. J 1. To pour oil upon ; to smen. or rub over with oil or unctuous substance* aitso, » s spread over, as oil. 2. To consecrate by unctioi., or t£«» use of oil. 3. To smear or daub. 4. To prepare, in DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vt'ClOUS.— € as K ; (J as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t -Obsolete. ANT 44 ANT of explanation, refutation, or justification. 9. To solve. i0. To respond to, or attend upon ; as, to answer the bell. •N'SWER, v. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return. ?.. To be accountable, liable, or responsible. 3. To vindi- cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond with ; to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever- berated ; to echo. 8. To succeed; to effect the object in- tended ; to have a good effect. A-N'SWER (an'ser), n. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in return to a call, a question, an argument, an allegation, or an address. 2. An account to be rendered to justice. — 3. In laic, a counter-statement of facts, in a course of plead- ings ; a confutation of what the other party has alleged. 4. A writing, pamphlet, or book, in reply to another. 5. A reverberated sound ; an echo. 6. A return ; that which is sent in consequence of some petition. 7. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation. — Syw. Reply ; re- joinder ; replication ; response. AN'SWER-A-BLE (an'ser-a-ble), a. 1. That may be an- swered ; to which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to give an account, or liable to be called to account : amena- ble ; responsible ; accountable. 3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify, or make good. 4. Correspondent ; agree- ing with ; in conformity with. 5. Suitable ; suited ; pro- portionate. 6. Equal ; correspondent ; proportionate. AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being answer- able, liable, responsible, or correspondent. aN'S WER-A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence, or conformity ; suitably. Atf'SWER-ED (an'serd), pp. Replied to ; fulfilled ; paid ; complied with ; accomplished ; solved ; confuted. AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which makes a return to what another has spoken ; he who writes an answer. iN'S WER-ING, ppr. Replying ; corresponding to ; fulfill- ing; solving; succeeding; reverberating; confuting. AN'SWER-JOB'BER, n. One who makes a business of writing answers to letters, &c. — Swift. AN'SWER-LESS, a. That has no answer, or that can not be answered. — Byron. AN'T. In old authors, for an it ; that is, if it. See An. INT. In vulgar use, for am not, are not, or is not. ANT, n. [Sax. '6E, n. [Gr. avrt and avayuyr).] In rhetoric, a figure, which consists in replying to an adv^sary, by way of recrimination. ANT APH-RO-DIS'I-A€, a. [Gr. avn and arra An animal which has a tongue resembling that of a man of which kind are parrots. ANTHRO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avdp^og and ypafn.] A description of man, or the human race ; or of the Iistriba tion of our race in respect to situation, language, customs &c. AN-THRO-PO-LOGlC-AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology : according to human manner of speaking. AN-THRO-POL'6-GIST, n. One who describes, or is ve rsed in the physical history of man, or the human body. AN-THRO-POL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avfywiroc and Xoyog.) 1. A discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the structure of the human body ; the natural history or phys- iology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that manner of expression by which the inspired writers at- tribute human parts and passions to God. ANTHRO-PO-MAN-CY,7i. [Gr. avBpumog and M avma.] Div- ination by inspecting the entrails of a human bein^. AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ISM, n. 1. The representation of the Deity under a human form, or with human affections, &c. 2. The heresy of the anthropomorphites. AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'IST, n. One who believes in the ex- istence of deity in a human form, as the ancient Greeks AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ITE, n. [Gr. avdptoirog and H op

f poison, or of any thing noxious. See 'Juirpsis. a, K, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FiR, AN-TI-Do'TAL-LY, adv. In the mannet of an antidote ; by way of antidote. — Brown. AN-T1 Do'TA-RY, a. Serving for a counter poison. AN'TI DOTE, n. [Gr. avndoros.] 1. A medicine to counter- act the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken into the stomach. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mischievous effects, or to counteract the evil which something else migni produce. — Syn. Remedy ; counteraction ; preventive. AN-TI-DoTTG-AL, a. Serving as an antidote. AN-TI-DoTIC-AL-LY, adv. By way of antidote. AN-TI-DYS-EN-TERTC, a. Good against the dysentery, or bloody flux. AN-TI-DYS-EN-TERTC, n. A remedy for dysentery. AN-TI-DYS-U'RIC, a. Counteracting or curing dysury. AN-TI-E-METTC, a. [Gr. avn and e/xenKoi.] Having the quality of allaying vomiting. AN-TI-E-MET1C, n. A remedy to check vomiting. AN-TI-EN-NE-A-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. avn, ivvta, and ccf>a.] In crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite paria of the crystal. INTIENT. See Ancient. AN-TI-EN-THU-SI-AST'IC, a. Opposing enthusiasm. aN'TIENT-RY (an'shent-ry), n. [More correctly, ancientry. \ Cast of antiquity ; that which is ancient ; applied to lan- guage. AN-TI-EP-1-LEP'TIC, a. Opposing epilepsy. AN-TI-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy. AN-TI-E-VAN-GEL'IC-AE, a. Contrary to orthodoxy, or the genuine sense of the gospel. AN'TI-FaCE, n. Opposite face. — Jonson. AN-TI-FA-NAT'IC, n. An opposer of fanaticism. * AN-TI-Fe'BRiLE, or AN-Ti-F£B'RILE, a. That has the quality of abating fever. * AN-TI-FE'BRlLE, or AN-TI-FEBTIILE, n. A medicine that cures, abates, or tends to allay fever. AN-TI-FED'ER-AL, a. Opposing the federal constitution. AN-TI-FED'ER-AL-ISM, n. Opposition to the ratification of the constitution of the United States. AN-TI-FED'ER-AL-IST, n. One who, at the formation of the constitution of the United States, opposed its adoption and ratification. AN-TI-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Opposite to flattering.— Delany. AN-TI-FLAT'U-LENT, a. Opposing flatulence. AN-TI-GA-LACTIC, n. A medicine which tends to dimin- ish the secretion of milk, AN'TI-GRAPH, n. A copy. AN-TI-GUG'GLER, n. A crooked tube of metal, used to pre vent the gurgling of a bottle. AN-TI-HEGTIG, a. [Gr. avn and hnKof.] That has the quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders. AN-TI-HEC'TIC, n. A medicine that is good in the cure of hectic disorders. AN-TI-HE'LIX, n. The semi-circular prominence of the ex- ternal ear, situated before and within the helix. AN-TI-HYP-NOTIC, a. [Gr. avn and vttvos.] Counteract ing sleep ; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy. AN-TI-HYP-NOTTG, n. A medicine that prevents or tends to prevent sleep. — Coxe. AN-TI-HYP-0-€HON'DRI-AC, a. [Gr. avn and vnoxovbpia kos-] That counteracts, or tends to cure, hypochondriac affections. Atf-TI-HYP-0-CHONT>RI-A€, n. A remedy for hypochon- driac affections and low spirits. AN-TI-HY-POPH'O-RA, n. [Gr. avn and birotpopa.} In rivet- oric, a figure, which consists in refuting an objection by the opposition of a contrary sentence. AN-TI-HYS-TER'IC, a. [Gr. avn and iarepa.] Counteract ing hysterics. AN-TI-HYS-TER'IC, n. A medicine that cures or counter- acts hysterical affections. AN-TI-LITHTC, a. [Gr. avn and \l9os.] Tending to prevent the formation of stone in the bladder, or to remove it when formed. AN-TI-LITH'IG, a. [Gr. avn and XidoS.] A remedy against stone in the bladder. AN-TI-LITH-O-TRIPTIST, n. One opposing lithotripsy. AN-TI-LOG'A-RITHM, n. The complement of a logarithm ; or, more generally, the number which a logarithm repre- sents. — P. Cyc. AN-TIL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avn and Aoyoff.] A contradiction be- tween any words or passages in an author. AN-TI-LOI'MI€, a. [Gr. avn and XoinoS .] Pertaining tc rem- edies against the plague. — Brande. t AN-TIL v O-QUIST, n. A contradictor.— Diet. t AN-TIL'O-QUY, n. [Gr. avn, and L. loquor.] An old word, denoting preface, proem, or peroration. t AN-TI-MA-GIS'TRI€-AJL, a. Opposed to the office oi' mag- istrates. — South. AN-TI-Ma'NI-AC, ? a. Counteracting or curing madnesa AN-TI-MA-Nl'A€-AL, 5 or phrensy. AN'TI-MiSK, n. A lesser mask, in distinction from the prin cipal or main mask. — Bacon. AN-TI-Ma'SON, n. One opposed to freemasonry. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE^ WRD7 ^*1C W B^Ol/ ANT 47 ANT AN TI-MA-SON I€, a. Opposing frsemasonry. AN TI-Ma'SON-RY, to. Opposition to freemasonry. AN-TI-ME-TAB'O-LE (an-te-me-tab'o-ly), to. [Gr. avn and /xETttfioA^.] In rhetoric, a setting of two things in opposition to each other. AN-TI-METATH'E-SI8, to. [Gr. avn and ^£-a8eatS.] In rhet- oric, an mversion of the parts or members of an antithesis. AN-TLM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avn and perpc-.'.] An optical in- strument for measuring angles. AN-TI-METRIG-AL, a. "Contrary to the rules of meter or verse. AN-TI-MIN-IS-TeHI-AL, a. Opposed to the ministry, or ad- ministration of government. AN-TI-MIN-IS-Te^RI-AL-IST, to. One that opposes the min- istry. AN-TI MO-NaR€H'I€-AL, a. Opposed to monarchy ; that oppjses a kinglv government. AN-TI-MO-NAR€H'IG-AL-NESS, to. The quality of being opposed to monarchy. AN-TI-MON'aR€H-IST, to. An enemy to monarchy. AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony ; composed of antimony, or partaking of its qualities. AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, to. A preparation of antimony ; a medicine in which antimony is a principal ingredient. AN-TI-Mo'NI-aTE, to. A compound or salt composed of an- timonic acid and a base. AN-TI-Mo'NI-I-TED. a. Partaking of antimony ; mixed or prepared with antimony. AN-TI-MON'IG, a. Pertaining to antimony. AN-TI-MON'IG ACID, ra. An acid composed of two equiv- alents of antimony and five of oxygen. AN-TI-Mo'NI-OUS ACID, to. An acid consisting of two equivalents of antimony and four of oxygen. ANTI-MO-JslTE, to. A compound of antimonious acid and a base. ANTI-MO-NY, to. [Fr. antimmne.] Primarily, a metallic ore, consisting of sulphur combined with a metal. The sul- phuret of antimony, the stibium of the Romans, is a black- ish mineral, which stains the hands ; hard, brittle, full of long, shining, needle-like stria, and used in medicine and the arts. AN-TI-MOR'AL-IST, to. An opposer of morality. AN-TI-Mu'SI-G-AL, a. Opposed to music ; having no ear for music. — Amer. Review. AN-TI-NE-PHRIT'IG, a. Counteracting diseases of the kid- neys. AN-TI-NE-PHRITIG, to. A medicine that tends to remove diseases of the kidneys. AN-Tl-No'MI-AN, a. [Gr. avn and vo/io?.] Against the law ; pertaining to the Antinomians. AN-Tl-No'MI-AN, to. One of a sect who maintain, that, un- der the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or obliga- tion ; or who hold doctrines which supersede the necessity of good works and a virtuous life. AN-TI-No'MI-AN-ISM, to. The tenets of the Antinomians. * AN'TI -NO-MIST, to. One who pays no regard to the law, or to good works. * AN'TI-NO-MY, to. 1. A contradiction between two laws, or between two parts of the same law. 2. A law or other things which is opposite or contrary. — Milton. AN-T1-0'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder of a sect of philosophers. AN-TI-Pa'PAL, a. Opposing popery. AN-TI-PA-PIST'IG, "> a. Opposed to pcoery or papacy. AN-TI-PA-PISTI€-AL, J —Jorlin. AN-TI-PAR'AL-LEL, a. Running in a contra:} direction. — Hammond. AN-TI-PAR-A-LYTTC, a. Good against the palsy. AN-TI-PAR-A-LyTIG, to. A remedy for the palsy. AN-TI-PA-THKT'IC, \a. Having a natural contrariety, or AN-TI-PA-TIE :TI€-AL, J constitutional aversion to a thing. AN-TI-PA-THETTG-AL-NESS, to. The quality or state of having an aversion or contrariety to a thins;. AN-TI-PATH'IG, a. [Gr. avn and iraOoS-] Having opposite affections. — In medicine, the same as allopathic. AN-TIP'A-THOUS, a. Adverse ; having a natural contrariety. AN-TIP'A-THY, to. [Gr. avn and TradoS.} 1. Instinctive con- trariety or opposition in feeling ; an aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular object. — 2. In ethics, antipathy is hatred, aversion, or repugnancy; hatred to persons ; aversion to persons or tilings ; repugnancy to actions.— 3. In physics, a contrariety in the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and water. — Syn. Aversion ; dislike ; disgust ; distaste ; repugnance ; contrariety ; op- position. AN-TI-PA-TRI-OTIG, or AN-TI-PAT-RI-OTIG, a. Not pa- triotic ; opposing the interests of one's country. aN-TI-PE-DO-BAPTIST, n. [Gr. avn, iratS, xaiSoS, and (iai:- rcCw.] One who is opposed to the baptism of infanta. AN-T1-PE-RI-ODTG, to. In medicine, a remedy against the return of periodic diseases, as intermittents. AN-TI-PER-1-STAL'TI€, a. Opposite to peristaltic; coun- teracting peristaltic motion. AN-TI-PE-RIS'TA-SIS, to. [Gr. am and ^epiaracni.) The opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality up posed acquires strength. AN-TI-PER-I-STAT'I€ra. Pertaining to antiperistasis. AN-TI-PES-TI-LENTIAL a. Counteracting contagion oi infection. AN-TI-PHLO-GISTIAN (an-te-flo-jis'chan), to. An opposer of the theory of phlogiston AN-TI-PHLO-GlSTIC, a. Counteracting preternatui al heat ; opposed to the doctrine of phlogiston. AN-TI-PHLO-GISTIG, to. Any medicine or diet which tends to counteract preternatural heat. AN'TI-PHON, n. The chant or alternate singing in chnlrs of cathedrals. AN-TIPHON-AL, ) ^ „ . . AN TI PHONTG > °" -^ ertamir, S to antiphony or alter n- AN-ThPHONIG-AL, J ate shx ^S- AN-TIPH'O-NAL (an-tif o-nal), to. A book of antiphons or anthems. AN-TIPH'O-NA-RY, to. [Gr. avn and <£aw/.] A service book in the Roman Catholic Church. AN-TIPH'O-NER, to. A book of anthems or antiphons Chaucer. AN-TIPH'O-NY (an-tif' o-ny), to. [Gr. avn and (puvr).] 1. The answer of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung alternately by two choirs ; alternate singing. 2. A species of psalmody, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and each sings the verses alternately. 3. The words given out at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are to accommodate their singing. 4. A musical composition of several verses, extracted from dif- ferent psalms. AN-TIPHRA-SIS (an-tif'ra-sis), to. [Gr. avn and Spaces. The use of words in a sense opposite to their props meaning. AN-TI-PHRASTIG, \a. Pertaining to antiphrasis.— AN-TI-PHRAS'TIG-AL, 5 Ash. AN-TI-PHRAS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an tiphrasis. AN-TI-PHYSTG-AL, a. Contrary to physics or to nature. AN-TIP'O-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes, or thos n. In vrosody, a foot of four syllables, AN-TI-SPAS'TUS, 5 in which the first and last are short, and the two middle ones long. N-TI-SPAS'TIC, a. 1. Causing a revulsion of fluids or hu- mors. — Johnson. 2. Counteracting spasms ; antispas- modic. AN-TI-SPAS'TIC, n. 1. In old writers, a medicine supposed to act by causing a revulsion of the humors. 2. A remedy which counteracts spasm ; an antispasmodic. AN-TI-SPLEN'ET-I€, a. Good as a remedy in diseases of the spleen. — Johnson. AN-TIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and araais.] In oratory, the defense of an action from the consideration that, if it had been omitted, something worse would have happened. AN-TISTeS, n. [L.] ThS chief priest or nrelate. AN-TIS'TRO-PHE, n. [Gr. avri and arpo^.] 1. In grammar, the changing of things mutually depending on each other ; reciprocal conversion. 2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, before the altar, which was performed by turning from the left to the right, in opposition to the strophe. Hence, a stanza or portion of ancient poetry, following the strophe, and corresponding to it AN-TI-STROPK1C, a. Belonging to the' antistrophe. AN-TIS'TRO-PHON, n. A figure which repeats a word often. — Milton. AN-TI-STRU-MAT'IC, \a. [L. anti and struma.] Good AN-TI-STRu'MOUS, ) against scrofulous disorders. AN-TI-SYPH-I-LIT'IC, a. Efficacious against syphilis, or the venereal_disease. AN'TI-TBiMSM, n. Opposition to the belief of a God.— Chalmers. ANTI-TIIE-IST, 7i. One who onnoses the belief of a God. AN-TI-TEIK-ISne-AL, a. Opposing the belief of a God AN-TI-THE-ISTIC-AL-LY, adv. By opposing the belief in u God. AN-TITH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. avriStmi.] 1. In rhetoric, an oppo- sition of words or sentiments; contrast; as, "the prodi- gal robs his heir, the miser robs himself." 2. Opposition of opinions : controversy. AN-Tr-THET'IC, )a. Pertaining to antithesis ; contain- AN- FI-THETIC-AL, J ing or abounding with antithesis AN-TI-THET'IC-AL-LY, adv. By antithesis.— Byron. AN-TITH'E-TON, n. [Gr. avnderov.] An opposite. AN-1 IT"RA-GUS, n. A prominence on the lower posterior poition of the external ear, opposite the tragus. AN-TI-TRIN-I-TI'RI-AN, n. One who denies the trinity, or the existence of three persons in the Godhead. AN-TI-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, a. Opposing the trinity. AN-TI-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. A denial of the trinity. AN-TITRO-PAL, I a. [Gr. avri and Tpeiru).] In botany, a AN-TITRO-POUS, j term denoting that the embryo is in- verted with respect to the seed. — Lindley. ANTI-TYPE, 7i. [Gr. avrnvnov.] That of which the type is the pattern or prefiguration. Thus, the paschal lamb, in Scripture, is the type, of which Christ is the antitype. AN-TI-TYP1C-AL, a. Pertaining to an antitype ; explaining the type. — Johnson. AN-TI-TYPTC-AL-LY, a d v . By way of antitype. AN-TI-VA-Rl'O-LOUS, a. Preventing the contagion of the small-pox. _ AN-TI-VE-NeHE-AL, a. Resisting venereal poison. ANTLER n. A start or branch of a hom, especially of the horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose. ANTLER.ED, a. Furnished with antlers. aNTLIKE, a. Resembling ants. AN-TCE'Cl, n. pi. [Gr. avri and oikeu).] Those inhabitants of the earth who live under the same meridian, and at the same distance from the equator; the one toward the north, and the other toward the south. See Antecian. AN-To'NI-AN, a. Noting certain medicinal waters in Ger- many, at or near Tonstein. AN-TON-O-Ma'SIA, n. [Gr. avri and ovofia.] The use of the name of some office, dignity, profession, science, or trade- instead of the true name of the person ; as when his maj- esty is used for a king. Or, conversely, the use of a proper name instead of an appellative, as when a wise man is called a Cato. AN-TON-0-MAS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. By the figure antono- masia. t AN'TRE, n. [L. antrum.] A cavern. — Shak. AN-U'BIS, n. An Egyptian deity, the conductor of departed spirits, and represented by a human figure, with the head _ of a dog or a fox. a'NUS, n. The opening of the body by which excrement is expelled. AN'VIL, n. [Sax. anfilt, amjilt.] An iron block with a smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their work. Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid. — Shak. To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, forma- tion, or preparation. AN'VILJED, a. Wrought on an anvil. ANX-I'E-TUDE, n. Anxiety; solicitude. [Little used.] ANX-I'E-TY (ang-zi'e-ty), n. [L. anxietas.\ 1. Concern re specting some event, future or uncertain, which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful uneasiness. — 2. In medical language, unceasing restlessness in sickness — Syn. Solicitude ; care , foreboding ; uneasiness ; per- plexity ; disquietude ; disquiet ; watchfulness ; restless- ness. ANX'IOUS (ank'shus), a. 1. Greatly concerned or solicitous respecting something future or unknown ; being in pain- ful suspense. 2. Full of solicitude, applied to things, as, anxious forebodings. 3. Very desirous ; as, anxious to satisfy. Followed by for or about, in respect to the ob- ject — Syn. Solicitous ; careful ; uneasy ; unquiet ; rest less ; concerned ; disturbed ; watchful. ANX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an anxious manner • solicitously ■ carefully ; unquietly. ANX'IOUS-NESS (ank'shus-nes), n. The quality of being anxious ; great solicitude. — Johnson. ANY (en'ny), a. [Sax. anig, cenig , D. eenig ; Ger. einig.~\ 1. One, indefinitely. 2. Some ; an indefinite number, plurally. 3. Some ; an indefinite quantity ; a small portion. 4. It is often used as a substitute, the person or thing being un- derstood. It is used in opposition to 7i07ie. AN'Y-WISE (en'ny-wize). Sometimes used adverbially, but the two words may be separated, and used with a preposition, in any wise. A-o'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in Boeotia. A'O-RIST, ii. [Gr. aopiaros.] The name of certain tenses in the grammar of the Greek language, which express an action as completed in past timefbut leave it in other re- spects wholly indeterminate. A-O-RIST'I-G, a. Indefinite ; pertaining to an aorist or in definite tense. A-ORTA, n. [Gr. aopr-q.] The great artery or trunk of the arterial system, proceeding from the left ventricle of the heart, and giving origin to all the arteries, except the pUl monary arteries. A-ORT1G ' S °" P erta i nui g to tne aorta, or great artery. A-PaCE' adv. With a quick pace ; quick ; fast ; speedily with haste ; hastily. APA-G5-6E, n. [Gr. from a/rayw.] 1. In logic, abduction ; a kind of argument, wherein the greater extreme is evi- dently contained in the medium, but the medium not s.7 evidently in the lesser extreme as not to requir» fsiin x proof. Enc. — 2. In mathematics, a progi-e^s from one prop- « See Synopsis, a, I, T, &c, long.—x, ft, I, , dumbness. APH'O-RISM (af'o-rizm), n. [Gr. apo5unos.] Exciting ven»- APH-RO-DI-Sl'AG-AL, j real desire ; increasing the appo- tite for sexual connection. APH-RO-DIS1-A-G, n. A provocative to venery. APH-RO-Dl'TA, n. In zoology, a genus of marine annelids, characterized by two rows of membranous scales along the back. See Annelid. APH-RO-Dl'TE, 71. [Gr.] A name of Venus. APH'RO-DiTE,_ti. [Gr. AtppoSirr;.] A follower of Venus. APH-THIT'A-LlTE, n. A compound salt, consisting princi- pally of the sulphates of potash and soda, and common salt, formed by volcanic action at Vesuvius. APHTHONG, n. [Gr. ano and fdoyyos.] A letter or com- bination of letters, which, in the customary pronunciation of a word, have no sound. APHTHOUS, a. [Gr. a words or arguments; excusing; said or written in defense, or by way of apology. A-POL-O-GET'IC-AL-LY, adv. By way of apology. A-POL O-GETIOS, n. That branch of theology which de- fends the Holy Scriptures, and sets forth the evidence of their divine authority. A-POL'O-GIST, n. One who makes an apology ; one who speaks or writes in defense of another. A-POI/O-dlZE, v. i. To make an apology ; to write or speak in favor of, or to make excuse for. A.POL'O-GlZ-ER, n. One who makes an apology ; a de- fender. AP'O-LOGUE (ap'o-log), n. [Gr. anoXoyoS.) A moral fable ; a story or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey useful truths. t AP'O-LOG ET-ER, n. Fabler.— Burton. A-POL'O-GY, n. [Gr. anoXoyia.] An excuse ; something said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears to others wrong or unjustifiable. fAPO-ME-€OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. a * , utjkoS, and utrpov.] The art ot measuring things distant. AP-O-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. ano and vevpov.] An expansion of a tendon in the manner of a membrane ; the tendon or teil of a muscle. AP-OPEMPTIO, a. [Gr. ano and ttchttu).] Denoting a hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stranger when departing. It may be used as a noun for the hymn. A-POPH'A-SIS (a-pof'a-sis), n. [Gr. airo and \zy,ui.] Having the quality of exciting discharges of phlegm or mucus° See PhLTCSMATIC. * AP-O-PIILEG-MATIC, n. A medicine which excites dis- 50 APO charges of phlegm or mucus from the mouth or nostrili — Coxe. AP-O-PHLEG'MA-TISM, n. An apophlegmatic. AP-O-PHLEG-MAT'I-ZANT, n. An apophlegmatic. AP'OPH-THEGM, ? (ap'o-them), n. [Gr. ano and (pdeyfia-l AP'O-THEGM, > A remarkable saying; a short, sen- tentious, instructive remark. A-POPH'Y-GE (a-pof'e-je), n. [Gr. arco and vyrj.] 1. la architecture, the part of a column where it springs out of its base ; the spring of a column. 2. A concave part or ring of a column, lying above or below the flat member. A-POPH'YL-LlTE, n. [Gr. a-no and (pvXXov.] A zeolitio mineral, which breaks very readily across, and affords a surface with a pearly lustre. It is composed of silica lime, and potash. A-POPH'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. axo and . Vifll ble ; in opposition to hid or secret ; as, the apparent mu fives of an action. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye seeming, in distinction from true or real ; as, the sun's aj. parent motion. — Heirs apparent are those whose right tf an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor ; ii distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancesto* should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right liable to be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir.- Blackstone. — Syn. Visible; obvious; clear; distinct; plain certain; evident; manifest; indubitable; notorious. AP-PaR'ENT-LY (ap-pair'ent-ly), adv. 1. Openly ; eviden ly. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance. AP-PIR'ENT-NESS (ap-pair'ent-ness), n. Plainness to the eye or the mind ; visibleness ; obviousness. AP-PA-RI"TION, n. 1. In a general sense, an appearance ; visibility. — Milton, [little used,] 2. The thing appearing ; a visible object ; a form. — Milton. 3. A ghost ; a spectre ; a visible spirit; [now the usual sense.] 4. Mere appear- ance, opposed to reality. Denham. — In astronomy, the firal appearance of a heavenly body after having been ob- scured ; opposed to occultation. AP-PAR'I-TOR, n. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the university, who carries the mace. tAP-PlY', v. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy. t AP-PeACK', v. t. To accuse ; to censure. tAP-PEACH'ER, 7i. An accuser. tAP-PEACH'MENT, n. Accusation; charge exhibited. AP-PeAL', v. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. ajypello.] 1. To refer to a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de- pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a ques- tion controverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts. AP-PeAL', v. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior to a superior judge or court. AP-PeAL', v. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ; to accuse ; as, to appeal a person of felony AP-PeAL', n. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a supei-ior tribunal ; also, the right of appeal 2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private person against a man for some crime by which he has been in- jured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A call upon a person ; a reference to another for proof or decis ion. 5. Resort ; recourse ; as, an appeal to arms. AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That may be accused or called to answer by appeal. t AP-PeAL'ANT, n. One who appeals. — Shahs. AP-PeAL'.ED (ap-peeW), pp. Removed to a higher court, as a cause ; prosecuted, for a crime by a private person as a criminal. AP-PeAL'ER, n. One who appeals ; an appellor. AP-PeAL'ING, ppr. or a. Removing a cause to a higher tribunal ; prosecuting as a private person for an offense ; referring to another for a decision. AP-PEAR', v. i. [L. apparco.] 1. To come or be in sight ; to be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ; [a sense frequent in Scripture.] 3. To stand in presence of, as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be tried. 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of ob- servation or comprehension. 5. To be clear or made clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality. 7. To be discovered, or laid open. t AP-PeAR', n. Appearance. AP-PEAR'ANCE, n, 1. The wet of coming into sight ; the act of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen; a phenomenon. 3. Apparent likeness ; as, an ajrpearan.ee o£ fire. 4. External show ; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality or substance ; as, an appearance of candor. 5, Personal presence; exhibition of the person. 6. Exhibi- tion of the character ; introduction of a person to the pub lie in a particular character. 7. Probability; likelihood. — Bacon. 8. Manner of appearing, as presented by the per- son, dress, or manners. 9. A being present in court; a defendant's filing common or special bail to a process. 10. An apparition. Addison. — Syn. Coming ; arrival ; pres- ence ; semblance ; pretense ; air ; look ; mannr ; meir , figure ; aspect. AP-PeAR'ER, n. The person that appears. AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Coming in sight; becoming evident, malting an external show ; seeming: having the semblance. AP-FeARTNG, n. The act of becoming visible: appearance AP-PE AS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, or pacified. AP-PeAS'A-BLE-NESS. n. The quality of being appeasable AP-PeASE', v. t. [Fr. apaiser.] To make quiet; to reduce to a state of peace. — Syn. To pacify; quiet; conciliate ; pro- rOb»leto. ~ APP 52 APP 'tlato ; asauag* , compose ; calm , allay ; hush ; cool ; stothe; trauquiiize. AP-PeAS'.ED (ap-peez(T>, pp. Quieted; calmed; pacified. AP-Pk ASE'MEN1\ n. The act of appeasing ; the state of being in peace. AP-PeAS'ER n. One who appeases, or pacifies. AP-PeA'SIVE (ap-pe'-siv), a. Having the power to appease; mitigating; quieting. tAP-PEL'LAN-CY, n. An appeal ; capability of appeal. AP-PEL'LANT, n. 1. One who appeals, or removes a cause from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who prose- cutes another for a crime. 3. One who challenges or sum- mons another to single combat. — i. In Church history, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus to a gen- eral council. MiUon. — Paity appellant, in law, the party which appeals. 1 AP -PELTATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for a crime. — Ayliffe. See Appellee. AP-PEL'LATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cognizance of appeals ; as, " appellate jurisdiction." Const, of U. S. — Burke. — Party appellate, in law, the party appealed against. AP-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. appellatio.] The word by which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for appeal. — Syn. Name; title; denomination; description. AP-PEL'LA-TlVE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; noting the common name of a species. AP-PEL'LA-TlVE, n. A common name, in distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. AP-PEL'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. According to the manner of nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes or species. AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, ER , T1 ' NE ^ T ' a - Bel °nging; now written appurtenant. 1 AP-PER'TI-NENT, n. That which belongs to something e.se. — Shak. See Appurtenance. a^^S*21xto^ I 71 ' [L - a l>P ctentia ] 1. Desire ; especially ^P PE-1 EN-CY, 5 carnal desire ; sensual appetite. 2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and imbibe such portions of matter as serve to support and nourish them 3. An inclination or propensity in animals to perform cer- tain actions, as in the young to suck, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim. AP'PE-TENT, a. Desiring ; very desirous.— Buck. AP-PE-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being desirable for gratification. APPE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetibilis.] Desirable ; that may be the object of sensual desire. APTE-TlTE, 7i. [L. appctitus.] 1. The natural desire of pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of the oody or of the mind. 2. A desire of food. 3. Stron^ de- sire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desired , as, pow er is the natural appetite of princes. Swift ; [rare.~\~Sst. Craving; longing; appetency; desire. t APTE-TlTE, v. t. To desire.— Sir T. Elyot. AP-PE-TX"TION, n. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used\} t AP-PE-TFTIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable. AP'PE-TI-TIVE, a. That desires ; that has the quality of desiring gratification. APTI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius particularly a way from Rome tir.ough Capua to Brundu sium, now Brindisi, constructed in part by Appius Claudius AP-PLAUD', v. t. [L. applaudo.] 1 To praise by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign- 2. Ti praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap probation of. — Syn. To extol ; praise ; commend ; cry up magnify. AP-PL AUD'ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other means commended. AP-PLAUD'ER, n. One who praises or commends. AP-PLAUD'LNG,£pr. Praising by acclamation ; commending AP-PLAUSE', n. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation approbation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expressed in any way — Syn. Acclaim; acclamation; plaudit; commendation. AP-PLAU'SIVE, o. Applauding ; containing applause. APPLE, n. [Sax. appl, appil ; D. appal ; Germ, apfel ; Dan. able; Sw. aple.] 1. The fruit of the apple-tree [pyrusma lus], from which cider is made. 2. The apple of the eye is the pupil. — Apple of love, or love-apple, the tomato, o\ solanum lycopersicum. APPLE, v. t. To form like an apple. — Marshal. APPLE-GRIFT, ti. A scion of the apple-tree ingrafted APTLE-HiR'VEST, n. The gathering of apples, or the time of gathering. APPLE-JOHN. An apple which keeps long, but becomes withered. — Shak. APPLE-PlE, 7i. A pie made of apples inclosed in paste, or covered with paste. APPLE-SAUCE, ti. A sauce made of stewed apples. APPLE-TART, 7*. A tart made of apples baked on paste. APTLE-TREE, ti. A tree arranged by Linnaeus under the genus pyrus. The fruit of this tree is indefinitely various. The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. APTLE-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells apples and other fruit APPLE-YaRD, n. An orchard ; an inclosure for apples. AP-PLl'A-BLE, a. That may be applied. Sec Apply. AP-PLl'ANCE, ti. The act of applying, or thing applied. AP-PLI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being applicable, or fit to be applied APPLI-CA-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be applied, as related to a thing ; that may have relation to something else. APPLI-GA-BLE-NESS. n. Fitness to be applied; the quail ty of being applicable. APTLI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap- plied. APPLI-CAN-CY, n. The state of being applicable. APPLI-CANT, 7i. One who applies ; one who makes re quest ; a petitioner. APPLI-CATE, 7t. A right line drawn across a curve, so as to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate. t APPLI-CiTE, v. t. To apply.— Pearso n. APPLI-GATE-OR'DI-NATE. A right fine applied at right angles to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the curve. — Bailey. AP-PLI-€aTION, 7i. [L.applicatio.] 1. The act of laying on. 2. The thing applied. 3. The act of making request, or soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means , the employ- ment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind; intense- ness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6. The act of di- recting or referring something to a particular case, to dis- cover or illustrate the agreement or disagreement. — 7. In sermons, that part of the discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are applied to practical uses. APPLI-CA-TiVE, a. That applies.— Bramhall. AP'PLI-CA-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a manner which applies. APPLI-GA-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying. APPLI-CA-TO-RY, ti. That which applies.— Taylor. AP-PLl'£D (ap-pHde'), pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em- ployed. t AP-PLl'ED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied. AP-PLl'ER, ti. One who applies. t AP-PLl'MENT, ti. Application.— Marston. AP-PLY, v. t. [L. applico.] 1. To lay on ; to put one thing to another; as, to apply a plaster to a wound. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case ; as, to apply a remedy. 3. To put, refer, or use, as suitable or relative to something ; as, to apply an a. gument 4. To fix the mind ; to betake ; to engage and employ with at tention. 5. To address or direct; as. "sacred vows ap- See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— I, £, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; Mi VE, BOOJ^ APP 53 APP plied to Pluto." — Pope; [rare.] 6. To make application ; to have recoui-se by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at work ; to ply — Sidney ; [obs.] AP-PLY', v. i. 1. To iuit ; to agree ; to have some connec- tion, agreement, oj analogy. 2. To make request ; to so- licit^ to have recourse, with a view to gain something. A.P-PLYTXG. ppr. Laying on ; making application. AP-P0g-6I-A-TU'RA, n."[lt] A small note in music, be- tween other notes, used for transition or expression. A.P-POINT, v. t. [Fr. appointer.) 1. To fix ; to settle ; to es- tablish; to make fast; as, to ''appoint times and seasons." 2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order, or decis- ion ; as, to appoint officers. 3. To allot, assign, or desig- nate ; as, to appoint tasks. 4. To purpose or resolve ; to fix the intention. 5. To ordain, command, or order. 6. To settle ; to fix, name, or determine by agreement ; as, to appoint a meeting. Milton uses the word in a peculiar sense: "Appoint not heavenly disposition." i.e., blame not (do not point at by way of censure) the disposition which God makes of tilings. AP-POINT, v. i. To ordain ; to determine.— 2 Sam., xvii., 14. AP-POINT A-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constituted. — Madison. AP-POINTED,£p. or a. 1. Fixed; set: established; decreed; ordained; constituted; allotted. 2. Furnished; equipped with things necessary. AP-POINT-EE', n. 1, A person appointed.— Wheaton's Re ports. 2. A foot soldier in the Frencn army, who, for long service and bravery, receives more pay than other privates. AP-POINTER, n. One who appoints. AP -POINTING, ppr. Setting; fixing; ordaining; constitut- ing; assigning. AP-POINTMENT, n. 1. The act of appointing to office. 2. The act of fixing by mutual agreement ; as, an appoint- ment for transacting business. 3. Decree ; established or- der or constitution. 4. A direction given ; as, it was done by the appointment of the magistrates. 5. Equipment ; fur- niture, as for a ship, or an army ; whatever is appointed for use and management 6. The accoutrements of mil- itary officers, as belts, gorgets, &c. : used in the plural. 7. An allowance to a person ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer: properly used only in "the plural. 8. A de- vise or grant to a charitable use. — Syn. Designation ; com- mand; order; direction; establishment: equipment. t AP-PoRTER, m, [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in ; one who bi-ings into the realm. AP-PoRTION, v. t. [L. ad and portio.] To divide and as- sign in just proportion ; to distribute, among two or more, a just part or share to each. tAP-PoRTION-ATE-NESS. n. Just proportion. AP-PoRTION£D, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit- able parts or shares. AP-P5RTION-ER, n. One who apportions. AP-PoRTION-ING, ppr. Distributing out in just propor- tions or shares. AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a divid- ing into just proportions or shares. AP-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. apposer.) 1. To put questions ; to ex- amine. — Bacon. 2. To apply. — Harvey. AP-PoS'ER, n. An examiner ; one whose business is to put questions. AP'PO-StTE (ap'po-zit), a. [L.appositus.] Suitable; fit; very applicable ; well adapted. AP'PO-SlTE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly. APTO-SITE-NESS, n. Fitness ; propriety ; suitableness. AP-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition ; accre- tion to. — 2. In grammar, the state of two nouns denoting the same thing and put in the same case, without a con- necting word between them. T AP-POSI-TlVE, a. Apposite; applicable.— Knatchbull. AP-PRaIS'AL, n. A valuation by authority; an appraise- ment. AP-PRaISE' (ap-praze'), v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a value en ; to estimate the worth of, particularly by persons ap- pointed for the purpose. See Apprize. AP-PRXISE'MENT, n. The act of setting the value ; a val- uation. See Apprizement. AP-PPv-aIS'ER, n. One who values. See Apprizer. f AP-PRE-€aTION, n. [L. apjrrecor.) Earnest prayer.— Hall. + APTRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good. AP-PRK'CIA-BLE (ap-pre'sha-bl), a. 1. That may be appre- ciated; valuable. 2. That may be estimated or determin- ed ; as, an appreciable quantity. AP-PRe'CIaTE (ap-pre'shate), v. t. [Fr. apprecier.) 1. To val- ue ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To raise the value of. — Ramsay. [Not used in this latter sense in England, and but little in America.} AP-PRe'CIXTE, v. i. To rise in value ; to become of more value. [Not used in England, and but little in America.] ^-PPe'CIa-TED,^. Valued; prized; estimated; advanced in value. £P-PRk'CIa-T1NG, pp-. Setting a value on ; estimating ; rising in value. AP-PRE-CI-a'TION, n. 1. A setting a value on ; aj- as t vai uation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consiu eration. 2. A rising in vame ; increase of worth or valun, — Marshal. [Not used in this^latter sense in England, an j but little in America.] AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L.appr«.hendo.] 1. To take or seize to take hold of physically; as, to apprehend a criminal. 4 To take with the understanding ; that is, to conceive in the mind ; to understand, without passing a judgment, or making an inference. 3. To think j to believe or be oi opinion, but wichout positive certainty. 4. Tc fear; to entertain suspicion or fear of future evil.— Sy v. To catch . seize ; arrest ; detain capture ; conceive ; understand imagine: believe; fear: dread. ; AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken; seized; aiTested; conceiv ed ; understood : believed ; feared. ! AP PE-E-HEND'ER n. One who takes ; one who conceives in his mind ; one who fears. I AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Seizing; taking; conceiving; un- derstanding: believing; fearing. AP-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or con- ceived. AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. 1. The act of seizing or taking hill of; as, the hand is an organ of apprehension. 2. The act of taking or arresting. 3. The mere contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judg- ment ; simple intellection. 4. An inadequate or imperfect idea. 5. Opinion; conception. 6. The faculty by which new ideas are conceived. 7. Fear; dread; suspicion; the prospect of future evil, accompanied with uneasiness of mind. ■ AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Quick to understand. 2. Fear- ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious ; inclined to be- lieve ; as, I am apprehensive he will disappoint us. 4. Sens- ible ; feeling ; perceptive. — Milton. j AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner. j AP-PRE-HEN'SiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being appre- hensive ; readiness to understand : tearfulness. AP-PREN'TICE, n. [Fr. apprcnti.] 1. One who is bound by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a cer- tain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or occu- pation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. — 2. In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law. AP-PREN'TICE, ». t. To bind to, or put under the care of a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge of a trade or business. AP-PRENTlCE-FEE, n. A premium received by a master for instructing an apprentice. t AP-PRENTf CE-HOOD, n. Apprenticeship.— Shah. AP-PREN'TfCE-SHD?,' n. 1. The term for which an ap- prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service, state, or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a person is gaining instruction under a master. t AP-PRENTlS-AAE, n. Apprenticeship.— Bacon. AP-PRESS'jED, I (ap-presf), a. In botany, pressed close ; ly- AP-PRE3T, $ ing near the stem, or applying its upper surface to the stem. AP-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr. appris.] To give notice, verbal or writ- ten. — Syn. To inform ; acquaint ; make known ; commu- nicate. AP-PRiS'£D (ap-prizd'), pp. Informed ; having notice or knovvledge communicated. AP-PRlS'lNG, ppr. Informing ; communicating notice to. AP-PRlZE', v. t. [ad and price, prize ; D.prys; Ger. preis ; W. pris ; Fr. priscr. to prize.] To value ; to set a value, in pursuance of authority. AP-PRlZ'£D (ap-prizd^, pp. Valued-; having the worth fixed by authorized persons. AP-PRIZE'MENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment ; a valuation. — Blackstc\&. 2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed, or valuation. AP-PRlZ'ER, n. A person appointed to rate, or set a vaiu« on articles. AP-PRiZ'ING, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under author- ity. _ AP-PRiZ'ING, n. The act of valuing under authority. AP-PRuACH', r. i. [Fr. approchcr.] 1. To come or go near, in place : to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To draw near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative serjse ; to advance near to a point aimed at in science, literature, government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4. To draw near_in duty, as in prayer or worship. AP-PRoACH'. v. t. 1. To come near t6. 2. To have access carnally. — Lev. xviii. AP-PRoACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or advancing near. 2. Access ; as, the approach of kings. — Milton. 3. A jjath or avenue leading from the public road to a house or dwelling. — i. In fortification, works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in their advances tc- ward a fortressr AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approached ; access ible. DOVE : -Bl/ 1 -L, eNITE ;— AN"GER, Yf ClOUS.— € as K ; O as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in Ms. t Obsolete. APP 54 APS 4P-PR5A "HA *il I- *ESS, «. The state of being approach- able A P-PP. HA^U'R w ? n. One who approaches or draws near. A P-PRoACH'IMJ, ppr. or a. Drawing nearer; advancing toward . AP-PRu ACHING, n. In gardening, the act of ingrafting a sprig or dhoot of one tree into another without cutting it from the parent stock; called, also, inarching, or graftin by approach. AP-PR6ACH"LESS, a. That can not be approached. A P-PRo ACH MENT, n. The act of coming near. AP'PRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved. AP'PRO-BaTE, v. t. [L. approbo.] To express approbation of; to manifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; as, the cause of this battle every man did allow and approbate.— Hall, as quoted in Richardson's Dictionary. [This word is obsolete in England, but is sometimes used in America.] APTRO-Ba-TED} pp. Approved; commended. AP'PRO-BI-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. AP-PRO-BaTION, n. [L. approbation 1. Tbe act of ap- proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind, in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction. 2. Attestation ; sup- port ; that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of what is tpproved. 3. The commendation of a book, licensed or permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly the case in England. — Syn. Approval ; liking ; sanction ; consent; concurrence. AP'PRO-Ba-TIVE, a. Approving; implying approbation. — Milne?: AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation ; express- ing approbation. — Scott. tAP-PROMPT, for Prompt.— Bacon. t AP-PROOF', n. 1. Approval. 2. Certain knowledge. — Shak. f AP-PROP'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten. tAP-PRO-PIN'QUATE (ap-pro-pink'wate), v. i. [L. appro- pinquo.] To draw near. tAP-PRO-PIN-QUa'TION, n. A drawing nigh.— Hall. tAP-PRO-PINQUE', v. i. To approach.— Hudibras. AP-PRoPRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. approprier.] 1. To set apart for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others ; to claim or use, as by an exclusive right. 3. To make pecu- liar; as, to appropriate words to ideas. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corpora- tion, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. 5. To set apart or vote a sum of money to be expended for a given purpose ; as, Congress has appropriated a mill- ion of dollars for the construction of ships. AP-PRo'PRJ-ATE, a. 1. Belonging peculiarly; peculiar ; set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, tit, or proper ; as, appropriate language. tAP-PRo'PRI-ATE, n. Peculiarity.— Bacon. AP-PRo'PRI-A-TED, pp. or a. Assigned to a particular use ; claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical corporation. AF-PRo'PRl-ATE-LY, adv. In an appropriate manner ; fitly; properly. AP-Pllo'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Peculiar fitness ; the quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. AP-PRoTRI-A-TING, ppr. Assigning to a particular person or use ; claiming or using exclusively AP-PRo-PRI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of sequestering, or as- signing to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all others; application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In luw, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per- petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. 3. The setting apart by vote of a sum to be expended for a given purpose ; and, also, the money thus set apart ; as, an appropriation has beenjnade to increase the navy. A P-PRo'PRI-A-Tl V E, a. That appropriates.— AT' Culloch. A P-PRo'PRl-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice. AP-PRoTRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice. A .M'KoVA-BLE, a. That may be approved; that merits approbation. .tP-PB.0 V'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being approvable. AP-PR.WAL, n. Approbation. AP-PRiWANCE, n. Approbation.— Thomson. AP-PRoVE', v. t. [Fr. appro uv er ; L. approbo.'] 1. To like; to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ; to prcrj oy trial.— Shak. ; [not used.] 4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve. Black- stone. — 7. In military affairs, to sanction officially ; as, to approve the decision of a court-martial. AP-PROVED (ap-proovd'), pp. Liked; commended; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation ; having the appro- bation and support of. Shakspeare uses the word fo proved ; as, " an approved wanton." AP-PR5VE'MENT n. 1. Approbation; liking.— 2. In law when a person indicted for felony or treason, and ar raigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap peals or accuses bis accomplices of the same crime, to obtain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement, and the person an approver. — Blackstone 3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and con- verting them to the uses of husbandry. — Blackstone. AP-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who proves cr makes trial. — 2. In law, one who confesses a crime, and accuses another. Also, • anciently, one who acted as the king's agent for letting small manors, or as steward of a manor, was called an approoer. AP-PROVING, pvr. Liking ; commending ; giving or ex- pressing approbation. AP-PRoV'ING, a. Yielding approbation. AP-PRoVTNG-LY, adv. By approbation. t AP-PROX'I-MANT, a. Approaching.— Bering. tAP-PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. ad and proximus] Nearest to next ; near to. [This word is superseded by proximate.] — Approximate quantities are those which are nearly, but not absolutely equal. — Brande. AP-PROX'1-MaTE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to cause to approach. — Burke. AP-PROXI-MaTE, v. i. To come near ; to approach. AP-PROX'1-Ma-TED, pp. Carried or advanced near. AP-PROX'I-MA-TING,#pr. Advancing near ; causing to ap- proach. AP-PROX-I-MI'TION, n. 1. Approach ; a drawing, moving, or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and algebra, continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever to arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a disease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. AP-PROX'I-MA-TIVE, a. Approaching; that approaches. — Ed. Encyc. AP-PULSE' (ap-pulsO, n. [L. appulsus.] 1. The act of strik- ing against. 2. Arrival ; landing. Bryant. — 3. In astrcnv my, the approach of any planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. AP-PUL'SION, n. The act of striking against by a moving body. AP-PULS'lVE, a. Striking against ; driving toward. AP-PULS'lVE-LY, adv. By appulsion. AP-PUR'TEN-ANCE, n. [so written for appertenence.] [Fr. appartcnance.] That which belongs to something else ; an adjunct ; an appendage. Appropriately, such buildmgs, rights, and improvements as belong to land, are called the appurtenances. AP-PURTEN-ANT, a. 1. Belonging to; pertaining to of right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is an- nexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or immemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special grant— Blackstone. a'PRI-GaTE, v. i. [L. apricor.] To bask in the sun.— Ray. [Little used.] A-PRIC'I-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.] A'PRl-COT, n. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.] A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, allied to the plum, of an oval figure and delicious taste. A'PRIL, n. [L. Aprilis ; Fr. Avril] The fourth month of the year. ITRIL-FOOL, n. One who is sportively imposed upon by others, on the first day of April. A PRI-6'RI. [L.] Reasoning or argument a priori deduces consequences from definitions formed, or principles as- sumed, or infers effects from causes previously known ; _opposed to a posteriori. — Hedge. * a'PRON (a'purn), n. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather, worn on the fore part of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury. 2 The fat skin covering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece of lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. — 4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, against which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. * a/PR ON .ED (a'purnd), a. Wearing an apron. — Pope-. * I'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron ; a labor ing man ; a mechanic. APTIO-P6S (ap'ro-po), adv. [Fr.] 1. Opportunely ; season ably. 2. By the way ; to the purpose : a word used to in troduce an incidental observation, suited to the occasion, though not strictly belonging to the narration. AP'SIS, n. ; pi. Ap'si-des. [Gr. uipis.] 1. In aitto onomy, the apsides are the two points in the orbit of a primary planet which are at the greatest and least distance front the sun, corresponding to the aphelion and venhcli-Tn of our planet. In the secondary plsuets, "fle apsides cor respond to the moon's apogee and pe> ifee. The line cca * Sec Synopsis. A, E, 1, &c, long.— A. K. I, Sec, short.— FaR. FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARiNE, BtRL ,— MHf W, 4QCK, ARA 55 ARB necting these is called the line of the apsides. 2. A dome ; and hence, particularly, a domed semi-circular or polyg- onal termination of the choir or aisles of a church. AJPT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fitted to some use or occasion ; as, a -ery apt remark. 2. Having a tendency to some act or result; as, he is apt to he angry, damp seasons are apt to be unhealthy. 3. Peculiarly prompt and ready; as, apt for war, apt wit — Syn. Fit; meet; suitable ; qualified; inclined; disposed; liable; ready; quick; prompt. I APT, v. t. To fit; to suit or adapt. t APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. tAP'TITE, v. t. To make fit— Bailey. AP'TER-A, n. pi. [Gr. a and nrepov.] A term applied to in- sects without wings. AP'TE R-AL, a. In architecture, a term applied to buildings which have no columns along the sides, but only in front or rear. APTER-OUS, 7i. 1. In zoology, destitute of wings.— 2. In tetany, destitute of membranous expansions. A P TER- YX, n. [Gr. a and nrepvl] A bird of New Zealand, with only short rudiments of wings, and without a tail. APTI-TUDE, n. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect 2. Fitness ; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness in learning ; docility. APT-I-Tu'DIN-AL, a. Containing aptitude. APT-I-Tu'DlN-AL-LY, adv. In an aptitudinal manner. APTLY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just cor- respondence of parts ; fitly ; properly ; justly ; pertinently. APTNESS, n. 1. Fitness; suitableness. 2. Disposition of the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ; readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. AP'TOTE, n. [Gr. a and tttwcis.] In grammar, a noun which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable noun. AP'Y-REX-Y, n. [Gr. « and ixvptcaw.] The absence or in- termission of fever. A-PY'ROUS, a. [Gr. a-nvpos.] Incombustible, or that sus- tains a strong heat without alteration of form or properties. I'QUA, n. [L. aqua; Sp. ague] Water; a word much used in pharmacy, and the old chemistry. A-QUA FOR'TIS, n. In the old chemistry, nitric acid. A'QUA MA-RI'NA, n. A name which jewelers give to a variety of the beryl, on account of its color. A-QUA Re'N, n. The chief beacon, place of prospect, or signal. XRCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. XRCH-BISH'OP-RIC, ti. The jurisdiction, place, or prov- ince of an archbishop. aRCH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, iron- ically. — Corbet. ARCH-BUILDER (-bild'er), n. Chief builder.— Harmar. ARCH-BUTLER, n. A chief butler ; an officer of the Ger- man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor on solemn occasions. This, and the other offices under the empire, became extinct when the empire was dissolved in 1806, and the Germanic Confederation took its place in 1814-15. XRCH-CHXM'BER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain ; an offi- cer of the German empire. aRCH-CHaN'CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor ; an officer in the German empire. XRCH-CHINT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of the chanters of a church. — Henry. XRCH-CHEM'IC, a. Of supreme chemical powers. XRCH-CON-SPIR'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator. aRCH-COUNT, n. A chief count ; a title formerly given to the Earl of Flanders. ARCH-CRITIC, n. A chief critic. XRCH-DAP'I-FER., n. An officer in the German empire. aRCH-DeA'CON (arch-dekn), n. [See Deacon.] In Eng- land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the whole diocese. aRCH-DeA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or resi- dence of an archdeacon. aRCH-De A'C ON-SHIP, ti. The office of an archdeacon. XRCH-Di'O-CeSE, n. The diocese of an archbishop. XRCH-DI-VlNE', n. A principal theologian. aRCH-DRu'ID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient druids. — Henry. XRCH-Du'CAL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. aRCH-DUCH'ESS, n. A title given to the females of the house of Austria. iRCH-DUCH'Y, n. The territory of an archduke or arch- duchess. — Ask. IRCH-DuKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of Austria. aRCH-DuKET>6M, n. The territory or jurisdiction of an archduke or archduchess. XRCH-e'AL, a. Belonging to the archeus ; as, at cheat ideas IRCE'ED (archt), pp. or a. Made with an arch or curve ; covered with an arch ; in the form of an arch. aRCH-EN'E-MY, n. A principal enemy. — Milton. aRCH'ER. n. [Sp. archero ; It. arciern ; Fr. archer.] A bow- man ; one who uses a bow in battle ; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. aRCH'ER-ESS, n. A female archer. — Marltham. aRCH'ER-Y, 72. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac- tice, art, or skill of archers ; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow. iRCH'ES-CoURT. In England, so called from the church of St. Mary le bow (de arcubus), whose top is raised of stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging tothe archbishop of Canterbury. IR-cHET (ar-sha/), n. [Fr.] The bow of a violin or other similar instrument of music. The French phrase d arche (with the bow) denotes generally musical insrjumnnts played with a bow, as the violin, Sic. ARCH'E-TYP-AL, a. Original ; constituting a model or pat- tern. ARCH'E-TYPE, n. [Gr. apxervTrov.] 1. The oiiginal pattern or model of a work ; or the model from which a thing is made. — 2. Among winters, the standard weight by which others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonists, the archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of God before the creation. aRCH-e'US, n. [Gr. aj>x*l> beginning, or ap\oS, a chief; W erchi.] A term used by the old chemists, to denote the ir. ternal efficient cause of all things. XRCH-FEL'ON, n. A chief felon.— Milton. XRCH-FIeND' (arch-feend'), n. A chief fiend or foe. XRCH-FLa'MEN, ti. A chief flamen or priest. XRCH-FE ATTER-ER, n. A chief flatterer. aRCH-FoE', n. A grand or chief enemy. ARCH-FOUND/ER, n. A chief founder.— Milton. ARCH-G6VERN-OR, n. The chief governor XR.CH-HER'E-SY. tj, The greatest heresy.- Buher ARCH-HER'E-TIC, n. A chief heretic— Shak. A chief heretic- See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.— a, £, I, stone. aRCH-TRaIT'OR, to. A principal traitor. IRCH-TREAS'UR-ER (arch-trezh'ur-er), to. The great trea* urer of the German empire. XRCH-TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, to. The office of archtreasur er. — Collins 1 s Peerage. XRCH-T? TtANT, to. A principal or great tyrant.— Hall. XRCH-VIL'LALN, to. A chief or great villain. XRCH-VIL'LALN-Y, to. Great villainy. aRCH'WaY, 7i. A way or passage under an arch. aRCH'WaY.ED, a. Having a way under an arch. t XRCH-WlFE', to. A woman in the higher rank of society — Chaucer. ARCHWISE, adv. In the form of an arch. t XRCH'Y, a. In the form of an arch. — Partheneia Sacra. TAR-CIT'E-NENT, a. [L. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing.— Dirt. aRC'O-GRAPH, to. An instrument for drawing a" circulai arc without a central point. XRC-Ta'TION, >to. [L. arctus.] Preternatural straitness - XRG'TI-TUDE, > constipation from inflammation or spasm aRG'TIG, a. [Gr apKros.] Northern ; pertaining to the norm em constellation called the Bear ; as, the arctic pole. — The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equator, 23° 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic circle are called the polar circles, and within these he the frigid zones aRG'TO-E-GYPTIAN, n. [Gr. apKros and Egyptian.] 1. A northern Egyptian, apparently originating from Circassia. 2. a. Pertaining to the northern Egyptians. aR€-Tu'RUS, 74. [Gr. apKros and ovpa.] A fixed star of the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes. aRG'U-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or curved in the form of a bow. t aRCU-A-TILE, a. Bent— Diet. XR€-U-A'TION, 74. 1. The act of bending ; incurvation ; the 6tate of being bent ; curvity ; crookedness ; great convex- ity of the thorax. 2. A method of raising trees by layers ; that is, by bending branches to the ground, and covering the small shoots with earth. XR'GU-BAL-IST, 74. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow. aR-€U-BAL'IS-TER, to. A cross-bowman ; one who used the arcubalist iRD, the termination of many English words, is the Ger art, species, kind; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature, genius, form. We observe it in Goddard, a divine temper ; Gif fard, a disposition to give, liberality ; Bernard, filial affec- tion ; standard, drunkard, dotard, &c. AR-DAS'SlNES, to. A very fine quality of Persian silk, the finest used in the looms of France. aRTDEB, to. A Turkish measure, a little more than eight bushels. AR'DEN-CY, to. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affec- tion ; ardor, eagerness. XR'DENT, a. 1. Hot ; burning ; that causes a sensation of burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire ; as, ardent eyes. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affec- tions ; much engaged. — Syn. Burning ; hot ; fiery ; in- tense ; fierce ; vehement ; eager ; zealous ; keen ; fervid ; fervent ; passionate ; affectionate. XR'DENT-LY, adv. With warmth ; affectionately ; passion- ately. XR'DENT-NESS, to. Ardency. XR'DERS, n.pl. Fallowings or plo wings of grounds. — Grose aRTjOR, to. [L.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, or hejit, applied, to the passions and affections; eagerness. t aR-Du'I-TV, 74. Height; difficulty.— Diet. aR'DU-OUS (ard'yu-us), a. [L. arduus.] 1. High, lofty, in a literal sense. 2. Attended with great labor, like the as- cending of acclivities ; as, an arduous employment, task, or enterprise. — Syn. Difficult ; trying ; laborious ; pain- ful ; exhausting. XRDU-OUS-LY, adv. In an arduous manner ; with labori- ousness. aR'DU-OUS-NESS, to. Height ; difficulty of execution. ARE (ar). The plural of the substantive verb to be. ARE, to. [L. area.] In French measure, the new square perch, containing a hundred square meters. /CRE. See Alamibe. DOVE ; ByLL, UNITE ;— AN'GER VFCIOUS ;— € as K ; G as I ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete ARG 58 ARG A**l 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a roi „-n, <>- .? » hrreh. or other building, or of the ground. 2. The inclosed space or site on which a building stands , a sunk, o -:>lac-e around the basement of a building. — 3. In ftomclry, the superficial contents of any figure ; the sur- ice included within any given lines ; as, the area of a square or a triangle. — 4. Among physicians, baldness ; an empty space ; a bald space produced by alopecy ; also a name of the disease.— 5. In mining, a compass of ore al- lotted to diggers. rAliEAD'. \v.t. [Sax. aredan.] To counsel; to advise. — fA-REED', 1 Spenser. AllF.-AL, a. Pertaining to an area.— Bar ion. A-RE'GA, n. A kind of palm-tree, one of whose species pro- duces the areca-mit, or betel-nut, which is so extensively chewed in India, with the leaf of the pepper, betel, and lime. AREEK'. adv. In a reeking condition. — Swift. AR-E-FAC'TION, n. [L. arefacio.] The act of drying ; the state of growing dry. — Bacon. AR'E-FY, v. t. To dry or make dry. — Bacon. A-RE'N A, n. [L. sand.} 1. An open space of ground, strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient Rome, ex- hibited shows of fighting for the amusement of specta- tors. Hence, 2, figuratively, any place of public contest or exertion ; as, the arena of debate, the arena of life. — 3. The middle of a temple or inclosed place. Elmes. — 4. Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys. AR-E-Na'CP'.OUS, a. 1. Sandy; having the properties of sand. 2. Friable. 'AR-E-Na'R.I-OUS, a. [From arena, sand.] Sandy, abound- ing in sand ; as, an arenarious soil. — Brande. AR-E-Na'TION. n. Among physicians, a sand bath ; a sprinkling of hot sand upon a diseased person. A-R-EN'DAL-TTE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epi- dote, or pislacite. AR-EN-Da'TOR n. [Rus. arenda.\ In Livonia, and other provinces of Russia, a fanner of the farms or rents. A-REN-I-LIT'IC. a. [L. arena, and Gr. Xidus.] Pertaining to sand-stone ; consisting of sand-stone. AR-E-NoSE', a. Sandy; full of sand. — Johnson. t-A-REN'B-LOUS, a. Full of small sand. AR'E-OLE, )n. [L.] The colored circle round the nipple, A-R.E'0-LA. > or round a pustule. A-Re'O-LAR, a. Pertaining to an areola. — Lawrence. A-Rf'.'O-LATE, a. Divided into small spaces or areolafions. A-RE-0 La'TION, n. Any smail space bounded by some part differing in color and structure. AR-E-OM'E-TER. n. [Gr. apaios and uerpeio.] An instru- ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. AR-E-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to an areometer. AR-E-OM'E-TRY, n. The measuring or art of measuring the specific gravity of fluids. AR-E-OPA-GTTE, n. A member of the Areopagus. AR-E-OP-A-GlTIC, a. Pertainingto the Areopagus.— Mitford. AR-E-OP'A-GUS, n. [Gr. AptiS and -uyos.] A sovereign tri- bunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality of its decisions. \.TtE-0-STYLE, n. [Gr. apaios and l 3. Addicted to argument : as, an argumentative t'-rJ^r rijoC AEI 59 ARM XR-GU-MENTA-TIVE-NESS, n. State of being argument- ative. XR-GU-MENTA-TIVE-LY, ado. In an argumentative man- ner. — Taylor. t XR'GU-MENT-lZE, v. i. To debate. t aR'GU-MENT-iZ-ER, ii. One who debates or reasons. 1 AR-GU-MENTUM AD HOM'I-NEM. [L.J An argument ^ derived from the principles or conduct ol an antagonist. XR'GUS, n. A tabiilmis being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, who was placed by Juno to guard Io XR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautiful- ly variegated with spots. s t A.R-GU-T a'TION, n. [L. argutatio.} Debate ; cavil ; dis- putation. ! XR-GuTE', a. [L. argutus.] Sharp; shrill; subtile; witty. [Little used.] I AR-GOTE'NESS, n. Acuteness; wittiness.— Dryden. [Rare.] aRI-A, n. [It] An air, song, or tune. ARI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arius, who held that Christ was not God, but the highest of created beings, and that the , _ Holy Spirit was not God. A RI-AN, n. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius. A RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Arians. A'RI-AN-lZE, v. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians. 1 A-RIC'I-NA, n. A vegetable alkaloid from the bark of a spe- cies of cinchona, first brought from Arica, in Peru. ARID, a. [L. aridus.] Dry ; exhausted of moisture ; parch- 1 ed with heat. AR'ID-AS, n. A kmd of taftety, from the East Indies. ' A-RID'I-TY, ) n. 1. Dryness ; a state of being without moist- AR'ID-NESS, 5 ure. 2. A dry state of the body ; emacia- _ tion ; marasmus. A'RI-kS, n. [L.J 1. The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ; the first of the twelve signs hi the zodiac. 2. The batter- 1 ing ram. *t AR'I-E-TaTE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. AR-I-E-T A'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram ; the act of battering with the aries, or battering ram. 2. The act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.] AR-I-ET'TA, u. [It.] A short song ; an air, or little air. A-RlGHT (a-rite'), adv. [Sax. gerickt.] Rightly; in a right iorm ; without mistake or crime. ARIL, ) n. The exterior coat or coverina; of a seed, A-RIL'LUS, 5 fixed to it at the base only. AR'1L-La-TED, ) a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, as AR'1LL£D, j coffee.— Encyc— Eaton. A'RI-MAN, ■> rD . . . __ X'RI-MA (n. [Per. ahriman.] The evil genius or demon A H'B I-MAN, S of the Persians. AR-I-O-La'TION, \n. [L. ariobts, or hariolus.] A eooth- 1 HA R-J-O-L A'TION, $ saying; a foretelling.— Brown. AR'I-oSE, a. Characterized by melody as distinguished from harmony. — F. Q. Rev. AR-1-o'SO a [It.] Light ; airy. Literally, in the manner of an air. When prefixed to an air, it denotes a sustained, elaborate style — In instrumental music, a sustained, vocal style. A-RlSE', v. i. ; pret. arose ; pp. arisen : (a-rize', a-roze', a-rfzn') [Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move to a high- er place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 3. To get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ; or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to spring up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death"; to leave the grave. 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become known ; to become visible, sensible, or operative. 8. To be put in morion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, assault or begin hostility ; followed by against. A-RlS'ING, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating, ° r P roceedin S from; getting up ; springing up; appearing. A-RIS'TA, n. [L.] In botany, the awn ; the poinded beard, which issues trom the husk, or scaly flower-cup of the grasses called the glume.— Milne. ARIS-TaRCH, n. [From Aristarchus, a critic of great se- verity among the ancients.] A severe critic. — Knowles. AR-IS-TAR€H'I-AN, a. Severely critical, like the ancient critic Aristarchus. AR'IS-TaRCH-Y, n. [Gr. apiaros and op X n-] A body of good men in power, or government by excellent men. — Harington. A-RIS'TaTE, a. Awned ; having a pointed, beard-like proc- ess, as the glumes of wheat. AR-J.S-TOC'RA-CY. n. [Gr. opiums and KpaTeu.] 1. A form of government, in which the whole supreme power is vtsted in the principal persons of a state, or in a privileged order. 2. The nobility, or chief persons in a state. AR'IS-TO-€RAT, or A-RIS'TO-€RAT, n. One who favors an aristocracy in principle or practice.— Burke. AR-IS-TO-€RAT'I€, la. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy. A.R-IS-TO-€RATT€-AL, 5 2. Partaking of aristocracy. AR-IS-TO-oicAl i-t'-A L-LY, adv. In an aristocratical manner. AR-lS-TO-€RATl€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being ar- istocratical AR-IS-TO€'RA-TY, n. Tne same as ra-istocracy.—Burtcn. AR-IS-TO-PHAN'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristophanes.—// A Rev. AR-IS-TO-TE'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle. AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Ai istotle, who founs ed the sect of the Peripatetics. AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines* of Aristotle. AR-IS-TO-TEL'IC, a. Pertaining to Aristotle, or to his phi losophy. * AR'ITH-MAN-CY, or A-RITH'MAN-CY, n. [Gr. apiO^oS ana pavreia.] Divination, or the foretelling of future events by the use or observation of numbers. A-RITH'ME-TI€!, n. [Gr. apS^TiKr].] The science of num bers, or the art of computation. AR-ITH-METTG, \a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; accord AR-ITH-MET'IC-AL, j ing to the rules or method of ar ithmetic. AR-1TH-METIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules, prin- ciples, or method of arithmetic. A-RITH-ME-Ti"CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers. ARK, n. [Fr. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel, chest, or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the ta bles of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrush- es. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which Noah and Ins family were preserved during the deluge. 3. A deposit- ory. 4. A large boat, used on American rivers to transport produce to market. 5. In early English and Scottish writ- ers, a chest or coffer ; as, an ark for meal. ARKTIZ-lTE, (n. A mineral, now called Wernerite ; a va- AR€'TIZ-lTE, 5 riety of scapolite. ARM, n. [Sax. arm, earm; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. armus.] 1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis 3 A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figuratively, power, might, strength ; as, the secular arm. ARM, v. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ; Sp. armar ; It. armare.] 1 . To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with means of defense to prepare for resistance ; to fortify, in a moral sense. 4. To fit up ; to furnish with means of action or effect ; as, to arm a hook, in angling ; to arm a dressing, in surgery. To arm a loadstone, is to provide it with an armature. ARM, v. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of at- tack^ or resistance ; to take arms. aR-Ma'DA, «. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships ; a squadron. The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the Invincible Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended to act against England hi the reign of Elizabeth. XR-MA-DIL'LO, ii. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to South America, called also tatou, and in zoology the dasypus It is covered with a hard, bony shell, divided on the back into movable belts. aRMA-MENT, n. [L. armamenta.] 1. A body of forces equipped for war ; used of a land or naval force. 2. In naval affairs, the guns and other munitions of war witi] which a ship is armed. ARM-A-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory; a magazine or arsenal [Rarely used.] XRMA-TURE, n. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor; that which de fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per formed with missive weapons, as darts, spears, and ar- rows. The armature of a magnet is a piece of iron which connects the two poles, for the purpose of keeping the magnetic power undiminished. AR'MAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses — Diet. XRM'-CHaIR, n. A chair with arms. aRM£D'-CHaIR, it. An elbow-chair. See Arm-chair. ARMED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with weapons of offence or defense ; furnished with the means of security ; forti- fied, in a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or feet of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body. 3. Furnished with an armature, as the loadstone — .4. In botany, having prickles or thorns. — Aiined en jlute. A ship is said to be armed en Jlute, i. e., after the manner. of a transport, when part of the guns are taken out to make room, and her effective force is thus reduced below that at which she rates. aR-Me'NI-AN. a. Pertaining to Armenia. aR-Me'NI-AN, n. A native of Armenia, or the language of the country. XR-Me'NI-AN BoLE. A species of clay from Armenia, and found in other countries. [Disused.] aR-Me-NI-AN STONE. A soft blue stone, consisting ol cal- careous earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. t AR-MEN'FAL, \a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove t AR-MENTTNE, 5 or herd of i4fttle.--.0fc*, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in t his 1 Obsolete. ARO 60 ARR T XR M SN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle.— Diet. iRM E I'fJIS-JANT, a. Powerful in arms.— Weever. iRM FUL, n. As much as the arms can hold. hiSJEUt'GAUNT, a. Slender, as the arm.— Shak. ARM HuLE, n. 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. XRM'1-dER, n. [L. One who bears arms.] An esquire, a knight's companion ; but in present usage, armiger is a ti- tle of dignity next in degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained'as a title of respect, being the Latin word for es- quire, which see. XR-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. armiger.] Bearing arms. A.RMTL-LA-RY, a. [L. armilla.] Resembling a bracelet, or ring ; consisting of rings or circles. The armillary sphere is an astronomical machine, composed of a number of hoops or circles representing the different circles in the system of the world, as the equator, ecliptic, arms, anciently used, which was cock ed with a wheel. aR-QUE-BUS-IeR', n. A soldier armed with an arquebuse. aR'OUI-FoUX (arike-foo), n. A kind of lead ore used by potters to give their ware a green varnish. — M'Culloch. t iRR, n. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. — Relph. t AR'RA, n. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. — Anderson. AR'RACH, n. A plant. Sec Oreach. ARRACK.', n. Contracted into rack. A term used in India to designate any kind of spirituous liquor, especially that distilled from the cocoa-nut rice, or sugar-cane. AR'RA-GON-lTE, n. In mineralogy, carbonate of lime crys- tallized in rhombic prisms, or forms derived from the same. It is also harder than common carbonate of lime. AR-RaIGN' (ar-rane), v. t. [Norm, arraner.] 1. To call or set a prisoner at the bar of a court to answer to the mpt- ter charged against him in an indictment or information. 2. According to law writers, to sePin order ; to fit for trial 3. To charge with faults ; to call before the bar of reason or taste as faulty. — Syn. To accuse ; impeach ; charge ; censure. AR-RaIGN' (ar-rane'), n. Arraignment; as, clerk of the Ar- raigns. — Blackstone. AR-RaIGN'£D (ar-rand'), pp. Called before a tribunal to answer, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question. AR-RaIGN'ER, n. One who arraigns. — Coleridge. AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal ; accusing. AR-RaIGN'MENT (ar-rane'ment), n. [Norm, arresnement, arraynement.] 1. The act of arraigning. 2. Accusation. 3. A calling in question for faults, t AR-RaI'MENT, n. Clothes ; garments ; now raiment t AR'RAND, n. Errand; message. — Howell. AR-RaNGE', v. t. [Fr. arranger.] 1. To put in proper ox der; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in tended, or best suited for the purpose. 2. To adjust; to settle ; to put in order ; to prepare. AR-RaN6'.ED (ar-ranjd'), pp. Put in order ; disposed ji the proper order : adjusted. AR-RaN6E'MENT. n. 1. The act of putting in prr rer i r der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition h. suu*. ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system ,>f ♦See Synopsis. 1, S, f, The vassal of a vassal. ARTEtlS, n. In architecture, the edge formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plain or curved ; applied to the edges of moldings, &c. The fine or edge at which two bodiesforming an exterior angle meet each other. AR-R13'ION (ar-rizh'un), n. [L. arrisio.} The act of smiling. AJi-RI V'AL, n. 1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of PTij object Ijf effort ; as, an arrival at the summit of one's desires. ,1 The persons or things arriving ; as, news by the lost at rivals. t AR-Rl VANCE, n. 1. Company coming.— Shah. 2. Arriv ai ; a. reaching in progress. — Brown. AR-RlVE', v. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literally, to come to thi- shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive motion ; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, .in- quiry, reasoning, or experiment. 4. To happen or occur; as, " he to whom this glorious death arrives."— Waller, \ob-s.] t AR-RlVE', v. t. To reach.— Shah. AR-RlVTNG, ppr. Coming to, or reaching by water or land j gaining by research, effort, or study. t AR-RoDE', v. t. [L. arrodo.] To. gnaw or nibble. — Diet. AR'RO-GANCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of taking much upon one's self ; that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation, or power ; proud contempt of others. — Syn. Assumption , haughtiness ; lordliness ; presumption ; pride ; disdain , overbearing; conceit; conceitedness. AR'RO-GAN-CY, n. Arrogance. [Little used.] AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estimation ; giving one's self an undue degree of importance ; haughty; com ceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked with arrogance , proceeding from undue claims or self-importance. — Syn Lordly ; proud ; assuming ; overbearing ; presumptuous ; haughty. AR'RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner ; with un- due pride or self-importance. AR'RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Little used.] AR'RO-GaTE, v. t. [L. arrogo.] To lay claim to more thai: is proper ; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit. — Syn. To assume ; chal- lenge ; claim; demand; appropriate. AR'RO-GX-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions. ARTtO-GX-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow- er or respect than is just or reasonable. AR-RO-Ga'TION, n. The act of arrogating, or making ex orbitant claims ; the act of taking more than one is justly entitled to. AR'RO-GA-TiVE, a. Assuming or making undue claim and pretensions. — More. AR-RON'DISSE-MENT (ar-ron'dis-mang), n. [Fr.] Litm> ally, a circuit or district, applied in France to the immedi- ate subdivision of a department. That kingdom, since the revolution, has been divided into departments ; these into arrondissements ; these into cantons; and the latter into communes. AR-Ro'SION (ar-ro'zhun), n. [L. arrodo.] A gnawing. ARTtoW, n. [Sax. aretca.] A missive weapon of offeuse, straight, slender, pointed, and barbed, to be shot with a bow. AR/R5W-GRXSS, n. A popular name of plants of the gd- nus triglochin. — Muhlenberg. AR'RoW-HeAD, n. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. The pop- ular name of different aquatic plants, species of the genus sagittaria, so called from their resemblance to an arrow. AR'RoW-HeAD'ED, a. Shaped like the head of an arrow The arrow-headed characters are characters formed by a combination of triangular or wedge-like figures ; hence- called, also, cuneiform characters. They are found in the ruins of Persepolis, Babylon, Nineveh, and other places of thejEast. AR'Ro W-ROOT, n. 1. A popular name of the different species of the genus maranta, one of which, the arundi- nacea, or starch plant, produces the arrow-root of the shops. 2. The starch of the maranta arundinacea, or ar- row-root, a nutritive medicinal food. AR'RoW-SHaP'PD (-shapt), a. Shaped like an arrow. AR'R-oW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an arrow. iRSE, n. [Sax. earse,] The buttocks or hind part of an an imal. t aRSE'FOQT, n. A kind of water-fowl.— Diet. aR'SE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fr.] 1. A repository or mag- azine of arms and military stores. 2. In England, and other European countries, a public establishment where naval and military engines are manufactured or stored — P. Cyc. aR-Se'NI-ATE, n. A salt, formed by arsenic acid combined with any base. iR'SEN-IC, n. [Gr. apaeviKov ; Fr. arsenic] A brittle metal, of a steel-gray color and brilliant lustre. The virulent poison known as arsenic in the shops is the arsenious acid, ^ called, also, oxyd of arsenic and white arsenic. A.R-SENTG ACID, n. An acid composed of two equivalents of arsenic and five of oxygen. aR-SEN'IC-AL. a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or containing arsenic. Dc\ E ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VfClOUS ■—£ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete. ART XU SLN'H)-aTE, v. t. To combine with arsenic. X I ; S i ". N 'l€-A-TED, pp. or a. Combined with arsenic. Xlv rfE'NI-OUS, a. Fertaming to, or containing arsenic. XF^SE'Nl-OU.3 ACID, n. An acid composed of two equiv- alents of arsenic and three of oxygen. XR'.^KN-lTE. n. A salt formed by the arsenious acid with a base. XRSF/-SMaRT, 72. The vulgar name of a species of .poZj^- 011117*, or knot-grass. XRSiriNE. n, A Russian measure of more than two feet. XR'SIS n. [Gr.] 1. In prosody, that part of a foot on which the stress (ictus, beat) of the voice falls. The rest of the foot is called the thesis. — 2. In mnsic, the elevation of the voice accompanying the ictus, now called musical accent- uation. 3. The elevation of the hand in beating time. XRSON, n. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law, the mali- cious burning of a house of another man, which, by the common law, is felony. XRT. The second person, indicative mode, present tense, of the substantive verb am. XRT, n. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. In this~sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions : opposed to science, or to speculative principles. 3. Business or employment ; as, the various arts of life. — Swift. 4. The power of performing certain actions, ac- quired by experience, study, or observation 5. Cunning ; artifice ; as, to rely on art instead of strength. Crabbe. — 6. The arts, or the liberal arts, denote the whole circle of the arts and sciences, or of an academical education ; hence, the degrees of A.B., Bachelor of Arts, and A.M., Master of Arts. — Art and part, in Scotch law, denotes the charge of contriving or partaking in a criminal act ; said to be an abridgment of artifex and particeps. — Syn. Apti- tude ; readiness ; skill ; dexterity ; adroitness ; contriv- ance ; profession ; business ; trade ; calling ; cunning ; artifice ; deceit ; duplicity. XR-TE-MiS'lA. n. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm- wood ; a genus of plants. aR-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 2. Contained in an artery. XR-Te-RI-AL-iZ-a'TION, n. The process of making arte- rial. — Watts. XR-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To make arterial; to communi- cate, as to venous blood, the qualities of arterial blood. — Proia. XR-Te'RI-AL-iZ-ED, pp. or a. Made arterial. a R-Tk'RI-AL-iZ-ING, ppr. Rendering arterial. XR-Te-RI-OL'O-gY, n. [Gr. aprripia and XoyoS-] A treatise or discourse on the arteries. — Morin. XR-TE-RI-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. u pr«pia and row] The open- ing of an artery for the purpose of letting blood, or dis- section. XR'TE-RY, n. [Gr. aprrjpia.] A vessel or tube which con- veys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. There are two principal arteries ; the aorta and. the pul- monary artery. XR-Te'SIAN, a. [from Artois. in France.] Artesian wells, those made by boring into the earth till water is reached, and which, from internal pressure, flow like a fountain. XRT'FUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial. 3. Practicing art, or stratagem. 4. Proceeding from art or craft. — Syn. Skillful ; adroit ; dextrous ; cuuning ; crafty; deceitful. XRT'FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cunning; skillfully; dex- trously. XRT'FUL-NESS, n. Art ; craft ; cunning ; address. Xli-THRITIC, \a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the XR-TH11IT'I€-AL, ) gout ; aft'ecting the joints. XR-THRl'TIS, n. [Gr. apOpins.] Any inflammation of the _ joints ;_but more particularly, the gout. XR-THRo'DT-A, n. In anatomy, a species of articulation. XRjTHROD'IC, a. Pertaining to arthrodia. aJITTG. Erroneously used by some authors for arctic. aR'TI-CEIOKE, n. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat re- sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sun-flower. This is the plant commonly called arti- choke in America. The term Jerusalem is a corruption of the Italian girasole, sun-flower. XRTI-CLE, n. [L. articulus.] 1. A single clause in a con- tract, account, treaty, or other writing: ; a particular, sep- arate charge, or item, in an account; a term, condition, or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. Com- prehension ; as, " a soul of great article."— Shak., [obs.] 4. A distinct part.— Foley. 5. A particular commodity, or substance.— 6. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem which is between two jcints. — 7. In grammar, an adjec- tive used before nouns, to limit or define their applica- tion ; as, hie, Me, ipse, W Latin ; o, r), to, in Greek ; the this. that, in English ; le, la, les, in French ; il, la, lo, in Italian. — In the article of death (L. articulo mortis), literally, in the moment of death, in the last struggle or agony.— * Sec Smopsis. A, £, I, &c, hng.—]L, E, I, &c, short.— F\R, 62 ART Articles of war, the code or regulations for the government of the- army in Great Britain, and the army and navy in the United States. — Articles of the navy, the code or regu- lations for the government of the navy in Great BritainT AR'TI-€LE, v. t. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. iRTI-CLE, v. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate. AR'TI-CLUD, pp. Drawn up in particulars ; accused or bound by articles. aR-TICU-LAR, a. [L. articularis.] Belonging to fhe joints. XR-TIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. So as to sound every letter. aR-TI€-U-La'TA, 7i. pi. [L. articulatus.] Animals having a jointed structure, but no internal skeleton. The term em- braces one grand division of the animal kingdom, com- prising insects, spiders, the Crustacea, or animals of tho crab and lobster kinds, and annelids or worms. XR-TIC'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.] 1. Foimed by join* ing, or articulation of the organs of speech ; clear, ,iis- tinct, applied to sound. 2. Expressed in articles [ntH used.] 3. In natural history, jointed ; formed with joint* aR-TI€'U-LaTE, v. i. To utter articulate sounds ; to utter distinct syllables or words. aR-TICU-LaTE, v. t. 1. To form into distinct elementary sounds ; to form into syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. — Sliak., [obs.] 3. To treat, stipulate, or make terms. — Shak., [obs.] 4. To joint. Smith. — Syn. To_ speak; utter; pronounce; enunciate. aR-TICU-La-TED, pp. or a. 1. Uttered distinctly in sylla- bles or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant. AR-TIC'U-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of syllables or words. 2. Article by article : in detail. — Paley. AR-TICU-LATE-NESS, 7i. The quality of being articulate. aR-TIG'U-La-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or words. aR-TI€-U-La'TION, ti. 1. In anatomy, the joining or junc- ture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words or syllables by the organs of speech. 4. A consonant. aRTT-FxCE, n. [L. artificium.] 1. An artful or ingenious contrivance or device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud. 2. Art ; trade ; skill acquired by science or practice, [obs.] — Syn. Trick ; finesse ; stratagem ; de ception; cheat; fraud; guile; imposition; cunning; craft aRT-IF'1-CER. 7i. [L. artifex.] 1. An artist ; a mechanic, or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives ; an inventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. — Ben Jo?ison, [not used.] aRT-I-Fi"C[AL (art-e-fish'al), a. 1. Made or contrived ry art, or by human skill and labor. 2. Feigned ; fictitious ; not genuine or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated ; not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous growth. t ART-I-Fi"CIAL, 7i. The production of art.— Sir T. Pet's. aRT-I-Fi"CI-AL'I-TY, it. The quality of being artificial appearance of art. — Shenstone. aRT-I-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and con- trivance ; with art or ingenuity. ART-I-Fl"CIAL-NESS, ti. The quality ofbeing artificial. t aRT-I-Fi"CIOUS, a. Artificial. t XRT'IL-lSE. I v. t. To give the appearance of art to. — t XRT'IZE, 5 Bolingbroke. XR-TIL'LE-RIST, 7i. A person skilled in gunnery. AR-TIL'LE-RY, 7i. This word has no pluraL [Fr. artillcric. 1 1. Offensive weapons of war. 2. Cannon ; great guns • ordnance. In a more extended sense, it includes the car- riages, horses, powder, and all that belongs to a train cf artillery. 3. The men who manage camion and mortars, with the officers, engineers, and persons who supply the artillery with implements and materials. 4. The sci: ace of gunnery or artillery. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. AR-TIL'LE-RY-MAN, 7i. One who serves the artillery. ARTl-SAN, 7i. [Fr. See Art.] One trained to manual dex- terity ; one skilled m any art, mystery, or trade ; a hand- crafts-man ; a mechanic. ARTIST, 7i. [Fr. artiste; It. artista ; from L. ars. See Art.] 1. In a general sense, one who is skilled in the prac tice of some art. — Dry den. 2. Appropriately, in present usage, one who professes and practices one of the liberal arts, in which science and taste preside over the manuri execu- tion. It is thus that the artist is distinguished from the artisan, who follows mechanically the rules of his hand- craft or art. The terra is particularly applied to painters, sculptors, engravers, and architects. — Elmes. aR-TYSTE' (ar-teesf). [Fr.] A term of very extersive ap- plication among the French, to denote one who is pecu liarly dextrous and tasteful in almost any art, as an opera dancer, and even a hair-dresser or a cook. This term should not be confounded with the English word artist. aRT-IST'IC, \ a. [From artist.] Pertaining to an aitist ; aRT-IST'IC-AL, S conformed to art. ART-ISTTG-AL-LY, adv. In an artistic manner. ARTLESS, a. 1. Unskillful; wanting art, c r skill ; as "these FALL, WHAT ;■- -PREY ; MARiNE, BIRD ; M VE, <*OJDK, ASC 63 ASH artless lines." — Gray. 2. Free from guile, art. craft, or stratagem ; as, an artless tale. 3. Contrived without skill or ait. — Syn. Simple; unaffected; sincere; undesigning; guileless ; open ; frank ; candid. AlET'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless manner. 2. Without guile ; naturally. XRT'LES'S-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or guile : simplicity ; sincerity : unaffectedness. aRTO-TY-RiTE, 7i. [Gr. aprot and -vpos.] One of a sect of heretics, in the primitive Church, who celebrated the eucharist with bread and cheese. t ARTS-MAN. n. A learned man. — Shak. AR-UN-DEL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arundel ; as, Arundelian marbles. These marbles, now at the University of Ox- ford, were brought from the East at the expense of the Earl of Arundel, and contain the Grecian chronology from about 1582 years to 264 years before Christ. This is call- ed the Parian Clironicle. A-RUN-D [N-A'CEOUS, a. [L. arundo.] Pertaining to a reed ; resembling the reed or cane. AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. A-Ru'RA, n. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a ploughed field ; a Grecian measure. A-RUS'PEX, n. [L.] A soothsayer.— Dry den. A-RUS'PICE. n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or haruspcx.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, and by them to foretell future events. A-RUS'FI-CY, n. The act of prognosticating by inspection of the entrails of beasts slain in sacrifice. t 'iR'VEL, n. A funeral. — Grose. AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Literally, like ; even ; similar ; in like manner ; as, do as you arc commanded. 2. It was formerly used where we now use that, [obs.] 3. It was formerly used for as if, [obs.] 4. While ; during ; at the same time. "He trembled as he spoke." — As, hf a subse- quent part of a sentence, answers to such ; give us such things as you please. AS, n.[L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to the libra, or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ; a whole. ■AS'A. A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum ; literally, the healer ; from the Hebrew asa, a physician or healer. See Ooze. AS-A— DUL'GIS. The same as benzoin. AS-A-FCET'I-DA, ) (as-a-fefi-da), n. [as s a and L.fatidiis.] A AS-A-FET'I-DA, ) fetid inspissated sap from the East In- dies, used as a stimulant and antispasmodic. AS-A -RA-BA€'€A, n. [L. asarum.} A plant. AS'A-RIN, n. A crystallized substance resembling camphor, obtained from the Asarum Europenm. AS-BESTl-FORM, a. Having the structure of asbestus. AS-BES'TlXE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its nature and qualities ; incombustible. 4S-BESTIN-ITE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.—Calcif- erous asbestinite, a variety of actinolite AS-BESTUS, )n. [Gr. aaSearos.] A variety of hornblende, iS-BESTOS, > or pyroxene, in long fibres, having the del- icate texture of wool, and of a white or gray color. It is incombustible, and has been wrought into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies. It is employed hi the manufacture of iron safes and for lamp-wicks. AS'BO-LIN, n. [Gr. aifioXq.] A yellow, oil-like matter, acrid and bitter, obtained from soot. AS'€A-RIS, n. ; pi. AS-€AR'I-D£S, [Or.] In zoology, a ge- nus of intestinal worms ; the pin-worm. AS-CEND', v. i. [L. ascendo.] 1. To move upward; to mount ; to go up ; to rise. 2. To rise, in a figurative sense; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, >r or influence ; and lord of the ascendant, denoting one who possesses such power or influence. — Burke. AJ-CENDANT, a. 1. Superior; predominant; surpassing. 9. In astrology, above the horizon. AS-CEJS'D'EB, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to heaven. «»VE ;- WJLITbNITE ;— AWGER, Vf"C\QU§.-^ aa AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Governing or controlling influence — Syn. Control ; authority ; influence ; sway ; dominion prevalence ; domination. AS-CENDTUG, ppr. or a. Rising ; moving upward ; pro ceeding from the less to the greater ; proceeding from modern to ancient from grave to more acute. — Ascending latitude is the latitude of a planet when moving toward the north pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planefs orbit wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed north- ward. — Ascending vessels, in anatomy, are those which carry the blood upward. AS-CEN'SION, n. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending, a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible e "fcvaticn of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending, [not au- thorized.] 3. In astronomy, right ascension is the angular distance from the venial equinox, measured on the equa- tor.—!). Olmsted. ' AS-CEN'SION-DIY, n. A festival held on Holy Thursday. in commemoration of our Savior's ascension inft heaven, after his resurrection. AS-CEN'SIVE, a. Rising; tending to rise, or causing to rise. — Jonrn. of Science. AS-CENT n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising ; motion upward ; rise ; a mounting upward. 2. The way by which one ascends; the means of ascending. 3. An em- inence, hill, or high place. 4. The degree of elevation of an object, or the angle it makes with aliorizontal line. 5. Acclivity_. the rise of a hill. AS-CER-TaIN', v.t. [L. ad certum.] 1. To make certain; to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination, or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. 3. To make sure by previous measures, [unusual] 4. To fix ; to establish with certainty; to render invariable. AS-CER-TUNA-BLE, a. That may be made certain in fact, or reduced to certainty. AS-CER-TaIN'£1) (as-ser-tand'), pp. Made certain ; defined; established ; reduced to a certainty. AS-CER-TaIN'ER,, ii. The person who ascertains or makes certain. AS-CER-TaIN'ING, ppr. Malting certain ; fixing ; establish- ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge. AS-CER-TIIN'MENT, n. The act of ascertaining ; a educ- ing to certainty ; certainty ; fixed rule. — Swift. AS-CES'SANT ' s ^ ee -A- CESCENCV > Acescent. AS-CETIC, a. [Gr. aoKtiToS.) Retired from the world ; mi duly rigid in devotions and mortifications. — Syn. Recluse ; rigid ; severe ; austere. AS-CETTC, n. 1. In the early Cliurch, one who retired from the business of life, and devoted liimself to piety and devo- tion ; a hermit ; a recluse. 2. One who practices undue rigor and sell-denial in religious things. 3. The title of certain books on devout exercises. AS-CETI-CISM, n. The state or practice of ascetics.— Warburton. AS'CI-T, ) n. pi. [L. ascii.\ Persons who, at certain times AS'CI-ANS, 5 of the year, have no shadow at noon. AS'Cl-TANS. n. pi. [Gr. aacas.] A sect or branch of Monte, nists, who appeared in the second century. AS-Cl'TES, n. [Gr. nanus.] Dropsy of the belly, or tense, equable swelling of the belly, with fluctuation, from a col- lection of serous fluid. AS-CITIC, ? a. Belonging to an ascites ; dropsical ; hy- AS-CITTC-AL, 5 dropical. AS-CI-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. ascitus.] Additional : added ; sup- plemental : not inherent or original. AS-CLE'PI-AD. n. In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet AS-CRlBA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed. AS CRlBE', v. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, cr set to, as to a cause ; to reier an effect to its cause. 2. To attribute, as a quality ; to consider or allege to belong. AS-€RIB'£D (as-kribd'), pp. Attributed of imputed; con- sidered or alleged as belonging. AS-€RIB'ING,^r. Attributing; imputing; alleging to belong. AS-CRIPTION. n. The act of ascribing, imputing, or affirm- ing to belong. AS-€RIP-Ti"T"IOUS, a. That is ascribed. A-SEX'U-AL, a. Destitute of sex. ASH, n. [Sax. cesc; Dan. ask.] 1. A well-known tree, whose hard, tough wood is valuable for many purposoa. i. The wood of the ash-tree. ASH, a. Pertaining to or like the ash ; made of ash ASH, v. t. 1. To strew or sprinkle with ashes. Howel. — 2. To strew with ashes for the purpose of manure. t A-SHaME'. v. t. To shame. A-SHaM'^JD (a-shamd'), a. Affected by shame ; confused by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment tA-SHSM'ED-LY, adv. Bashfully. t A-SHELF', adv. On a shelf or rock. — Massinger. ASH'-€6L'OR ED, a. Of a color between brown and gray ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash. K ; 6 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsclue. ASP 64 ASP AS&TlS. Y. n. 1. A place for ashes. 2. A place where pot- ash 13 ma ie. [A?nerica.] ASHES, n. pi , without the singular number. [Sax. asca.] 1. The earthy particles of combustible substances remain- ing after combustion. 2. The remains of the human body when baraed. Hence, figuratively, a dead body or corpse. —Volcanic ashes, the loose, earthy matter ejected by vol- canoes. ASH'-FlRE, 7i. A low fire used in chemical operations. ASH'-FLY, n. The oak-fly.— Complete Angler. ASH'-HoLE, n. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of a furnace. ASH'LAR, I n. In architecture, a facing of wrought and ASH'LER, ) squared stones, to cover walls of brick or rubble, as in the basements of buildings. The term has also been applied, in England, to common or free stones as they are brought from the quarry. — Gwilt. ASH'LER-ING, n. Quartering for lathing to, in garrets. A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on the land adjacent to wa- ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On the ground. ASH-PAN, n. A pan beneath a grate or furnace to receive ashes. ASH'TO-RETH, n. A goddess of the Sidonians and Philis- tines, the same as Venus of the Romans. ASH'-TUB, n. A tub to receive ashes for leaching. ASH-WEDNES'DAY (ash-wenz'de), n. The first day of Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin- kling ashes on the head. ASH'- WEED, n. A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout- wort, goat's-foot, or herb-gerard. ASH'Y, a. 1. Belonging to ashes. 2. Ash-colored ; pale ; inclining to a whitish gray. — Shah. 3. Made or composed of ashes ; as, the ashy womb of the phoenix. — Milton. 4. Filled with ashes ; as, ashy hairs. — Chaucer. ASH'Y-PaLE, a. Pale as ashes.— Shah. A'SIAN (a^h'yan), a. Pertaining to Asia. a'SI-aR€H (a'she-ark) n. A term applied to the chiefs or pontiffs of Proconsular Asia ; one who had the superin- tendence of the public games. A-SI-AT'IC (a-she-at'ik), a. Belonging to Asia. A-SI-ATI€ (a-she-at'ik), n. A native of Asia. A-SbATI-CISM, n. Imitation of the Asiatic manner. A-SlDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the main part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the company ; at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate from the person, mind, or attention ; in a state of abandonment AS-IN-J'GO, n. [Sp. asnico.] A foolish fellow. AS'I-NlNE, rarely AS'I-NA-RY, a. [L. asinus.] Belonging to the ass ; having the qualities of the ass. aSK, v. t. [Sax. ascian, acsian, or axian.] 1. To seek to ob- tain by words ; with of, in the sense of from, before the person to whom the request is made. 2. To lay claim to ; as, I ask only my own. 3. To put a question, with a view to an answer. 4. To require, or make claim. 5. To re- quire as the price or value of a commodity ; to set a price, fi. To invite. — Syn. To request; seek; petition; solicit; beg ; entreat ; require ; demand ; claim ; exhibit ; inquire ; interrogate. ASK, v. i. 1. To request or petition, followed by for. 2. To inqiiire, or seek by request. ASK. See Asker. AS-KANCE', \adv. [D. schuinsA Toward one corner of A3-KANT, 5 the eye. ASKiSD (askt), pp. Requested ; petitioned ; questioned ; in- terrogated. aSK'ER, ?i. 1. One who asks ; a petitioner ; an inquirer. 2. A water newt. — Johnso?i. A-SKE W, adv. [Germ, schicfi] With a wry look ; aside ; __ askant; sometimes indicating scorn, contempt, or envy. ASKING, ppr. 1. Requesting ; petitioning ; interrogating ; inquiring. 2. Silently expressing request or desire. tA-SLaKE', v. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit; to slacken. — Spenser. AS-L& NI, 7U A Turkish silver coin. A SLANT', a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen- dicularly or with a right angle. A-SLEEP, a. or adv. 1. Sleeping; in a state of sleep ; at rest. 2. To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleeri. 3. Dead ■ in a state of death. 4. To death. A-SLoPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill. t A-SLUG' ; adv. In a sluggish manner.— Fotherby. AS-MO-Nk'AN, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus. ASMO-Nf.'AN, n. One of the family of Asmoneus. A-Sii'MA-TOUS, a. [Gr. a and cw^.] Without a material body ; incorporeal. XSP. .See Aspen. aSP, In. [L. aspis; Gr. ao-rtis.] A small, poisonous ser- ASP'I€, 5 pent of Egypt. AS-PAL'A-THUM, n. The calambac, a variety of the aloes- wood ; also, the rosewood. oblique- AS-PAL'A-THUS, n. A plant. AS-PAR'A-6IN, n. A crystallizable substance first discov ered in the juice of asparagus. AS-PAR-A6TN-OUS, a. Properly, allied to the asparagus but denoting, in horticulture, plants whose tender shoots are eaten like asparagus. — Brande. AS-PAR'A-GUS, n. [L. and Gr.] A well-known culinary plant, vulgarly called sparrow-grass. AS-Pa.RTa.TE, n. Any compound of the aspartic acid with a salifiable base. AS-PaR'TI-G ACID, n. A concrete or crystalline acid from asparagus, composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. AS'PE-GT, n. [L. aspectus.] 1. Look ; view ; appearance to the eye or the mind. 2. Countenance ; look, or particular appearance of the face. 3. Look ; glance ; act of seeing 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or, in a more general sense, position in relation to the points of the com- pass ; as, a house with an eastern aspect. — 5. In astrology the situation of one planet with respect to another. t AS-PEGT, v. t. To behold.— Temple. t AS-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be seen. t AS-PECTED, a. Having an aspect. — Ben Jonson. t AS-PEC'TION, n. The act of viewing.— Brown. ASP'EN, ? n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, aspe ; Sax. cespc.] A species ASP, > of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air. ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made of aspen wood. ASTER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. [Little used.] ASTER, n. [L. aspiroA In grammar, the Greek aspirate. ASTER, n. A Turkish coin. AS'PER-aTE, v. t. [L. aspero.] To make rough or uneven. — Boyle. AS'PER-a-TED, pp. Made rough or uneven. AS-PER-A'TION, n. A making rough. AS-PER-gIL'LUS, n. The brush used in the Roman Cath- olic Church to sprinkle holy water on the people. AS-PER-GOIRE' (-gwor), n. [Fr. aspersoir.] A holy-water sprinkle. — Warton. AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper and folium.] Having rough leaves. AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Having leaves rough to the touch AS-PER'1-TY, 72. [L. asperitas.] 1. Roughness of surface ; unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Roughness of sound; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the taste ; sourness. 4. Roughness or ruggedness of temper. 5. Sharpness. — Syn. Moroseness ; crabbedness ; harsh ness ; sourness ; acrimony ; tartness. A^KE^'' ]"**.• Rou S n] y; sharply. A-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. a and oncpna.] Destitute of seeds. AS-PER-Na'TION, n. [L. aspcrnatio.] Neglect ; disregard. —Diet. AS'PER-OUS, a. [L. asper.] Rough ; uneven. — Boyle. AS-PERSE' (as-pers'), v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1. To be- spatter with foul reports or fasle and injurious charges; to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name. 2. To cast upon. — Syn. To slander; defame; detract from; calum- niate; vilify. AS-PERS'ER, 7i. One who asperses, or vilifies another. AS-PER'SION, n. 1. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of calumnious reports or charges ; calumny ; censure. AS-PERS'O-RY, a. Tending to asperse ; defamatory. AS-PHALT', \n. [Gr. aafaXroS-] Bitumen Judaicum, AS-PHALT'UM, $ Jew's pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, black or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts easily when heated, and, when pure, burns without leaving ariy ashes. AS-PHALT'IC, a. Pertaining to asphaltum, or containing it ; bituminous. — Milton. AS-PHALT'lTE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphaltum. AS-PHALT'US, 7i. Asphaltum.— Milton. AS'PHO-DEL, 7i. [L. and Gr.] A name of different species of the genus asphodelus, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. AS-PHU-RE-Ll'TA, 7i. [Gr. a and aepvpa.] A series of semi- metallic fossils. AS-PHYX'I-A, in. [Gr. ao(PvliaA Originally, cessation of AS-PHYX'Y, > motion in the heart and arteries : as now used, suspended animation, particularly from suffocation, drowning, or inhaling irrespirable gase-s ; applied also to the collapsed state of the cholera. ASPTG, 7i. 1. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ordnance, carrying a twelve-pound shot. ASP'IC, 7i. A species of lavender, a plant. AS-PiR'ANT, 7i. 1. One who aspires, breathes after, or seeks with eagerness. 2. A candidate. — Hurd. AS-PIR'ANT, a. Aspiring. ' AS'PI-RaTE, v. t. [L. aspiro.] To pronounce with a b) eath ing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the words horse and house. See Synopsis. A, £, 1, &c, long.— I, E. I, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY :— MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, BOOK, ASS 65 ASS ASl'l-R^TE, v. i. To give or impart a strong breathing; as, the letter h aspirates. — Dry den. AS'PI-RATE, n. A letter marked with an asper, or note of breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent '. AS'PI-RATE, a. Pronounced with a full breath. AS'PI-Ra-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of breath. AS'PI-RX-TING, ppr. Pronouncing with a fua breath. AS-PI-Ri'TION, n. 1. The pronunciation ol a letter with a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent wish or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de- siring what is noble or spiritual. AS-PI'RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to breathing ; suited to the inhaling of air. AS-PlREs v. i. [L. aspiro.] 1. To desire with eagerness ; to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated. — Pope. 3. To rise ; to ascend.— Waller. Note. This word has been used transitively ; as, to aspire the clouds (Skak.) ; but here to is more properly understood. tAS-PIRE-MENT, n. The act of aspiring.— Brewer. AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise. AS-PlRTNG, ppr. Desiring eagerly ; aiming at something noble, great, or spiritual. AS-PlR'ING, a. Ambitious ; animated with an ardent desire of power, importance, or excellence. AS-PlR'ING, n. 1. Ambition; eager desire of eomething grejt 2. Points ; stops, [not used.] AS-PlRTNG-LY, adv. In an aspiring manner. AS-PlR'ING-NESS, n. The state of being aspiring. AS-PORT-a'TION, n. [L. asportatio.} A carrying away.— In law, the felonious removal of goods. A-SQUINT', adv. [D. schuinte.] 1. To the corner or angle of the eye ; obliquely ; toward one side. 2. Not with re- gard, or due notice. .XSS, n. [W. asyn; Ir. asan; L. asinus.] 1. A quadruped of. the equine genus. 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow ; a dolt AS-SA-FET'I-DA, n. A fetid gum from the East Indies, used as a stimulant and antispasmodic. See Asafoxtida. AS-SaI'. [It] A term of augmentation in music ; added to a word signifying slow, it denotes quite slow ; and to a word signifying quick, it denotes quite quick. AS-Sa.IL', v. I. [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by violence-, to attack suddenly, as an individual. 2. To in- vade or attack in a hostile manner, as a nation. 3. To at- tack with arguments, censure, abuse, or criticism. — Syn. To assault; invade; attack; encounter; fall upon. AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be assailed, attacked, or in- vaded. AS-SIIL'ANT,n. [Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or assaults. AS-SaIL'ANT, a. Assaulting ; attacking ; invading with violence. AS-SaIL'.ED (as-saW), pp. Assaulted; invaded; attacked with violence. AS-SaIL'ER, n. One who assails. AS-SaIL'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading by force ; attack- ing with violence. fAS-SAlL'MENT, n. Attack; particularly an attack of dis- ease. — Johnson. AS-SA-PAN'I€, n. The flying squirrel. AS'SA-RON, n. A Hebrew measure of five pints. AS-SART', n. [old Fr. assarter.] 1. In ancient laws, the offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets or coverts of a forest 2. A tree plucked up by the roots ; also, a piece of land cleared. — Ash. AS-SaRT, v. t. To grub up trees ; to commit an assart. AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who kills, or attempts to kill, by sur- prise or secret assault. tAS-SAS'SIN, v. t. To murder.— Stillingflee'. AS-SAS'SIN-aTE, v. t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by sur- prise or secret assauit; to murder by sudden violence. 2. To waylay ; to take by treachery. tAS-SAS'SIN-ATE, n. A murder or murderer. AS-SAS'SIN-i-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret assault. AS-SAS'SIN-I-TING, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret assault AS SA8-SIN-ITION, n. The act of killing or murdering by surprise or secret assault ; murder by violence. AS-SAS'SIN-A-TOR, n. An assassin, which see. fAS-SAS'SIN-OUS, a. Murderous. AS-SAS'SINS, n. pi. In Syria, a tribe or clan called Ismaeli- ans, formerly remarkable for their assassinations. tAS-SA'TION, n. [Fr.] A roasting. AS-SAULT', n. [Fr. assault, now assaut.] 1. A violent on- set. 2. An attack by hostile words or measures. — 3. In law, an unlawful setting upon one's person ; an attempt or offer to beat another, without touching his person. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery. — Syn. Attack ; inva- sion; incursion; descent; onset; onslaught; charge; storm. AS-SAULT, v. t. 1. To fall upon by violence, or with a hostile intention. 2. To invade or fall on with force. 3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures, with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow.— Syn. To a» tack ; assail ; invade ; encounter ; storm ; charge. AS-SAULTA-BLE, a. That may be assaulted.— Wm.ia.m~ . AS-SAULT'ED, pp. Attacked with force, arms, violence, hostile views. AS-SAULT'ER, n. One who assaults, or violently attacK-s. AS-SAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostil measures. AS-SIY', n. [Fr. essai ; Sp. ensayo.] 1. The determination of the quantity of metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound; and, more especialby, of the quantity of gold or silver in coin or bullion. 2. The substance to be as- sayed, lire. — 3. In law, an examination of weights arad measures by the standard. 4. Examination ; trial ; effort , first entrance upon any business ; attempt. 5. Vabae [obsolete.] AS-SaY', v. t. 1. To determine the amount of a particular metal in an ore, alloy, or other metallic compound 2. Figuratively, to apply to ; as, to the touchstone. — Milton AS-SaY', v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. AS-SaY -BALANCE, n. A balance used in assaying. AS-SiY'^D (as-sade'), pp. Examined; tested; proved by experiment. AS-SaY'ER, n. One who examines ores and other metallic compounds, to determine the amount of any metal which they contain. An officer of the mint, whose business is to determine the amount of gold or silver in coin or bullion. AS-SaY'-FUE/NACE, n. A furnace used in the process of assaying. — lire. AS-SaY'ING, n. The determination of the amount of any particular metal in a metallic compound. AS-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying by some standard ; examining by experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting. AS-SaY'-MaSTER, n. An assayer ; an officer appointed t« determine the amount of gold or silver in coin or bullion. t AS-SE-6-Ta'TION, n. [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or wait- ing upon. — Diet. t AS'SE-CLE, n. [L. assecla.] A dependent ; a follower Sheldon. tAS-SE-€fJ'RANCE, n. Assurance.— Sheldon. t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, n. Assurance : a making secure. tAS-SE-GuRE', v. t. To secure.— Bullokar. AS-SE-GU'TION, n. [L. assequor.] An obtaining or acquir ing. — Ayliffe. AS-SEM'BLA6E, n. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals, or of particular things ; the state of being assembled. 2. The act of assembling, [rare.] t AS-SEM'BLANCE, n. Representation ; an assembling. AS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [Fr. assembler.] To bring together a number of individuals or particulars into one place, or body ; to bring or call together. — Syn. To convene ; col lect; congregate; muster; convoke. AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together ; to convene, as a number of individuals. AS-SEM'BL ET>, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated. AS-SEM'BLER, n. One who assembles. AS-SEM'BLING, ppr. Coming together ; collecting into one place. AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together. — Heb., x. AS-SEM'BLY, It. [Sp. asamblea ; It. assemblea ; Fr. assemblee.] 1. A company or collection of individuals in the same place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congregation or religious society convened. 3. In a political sense, a meeting convened by authority, for the transaction of pub- lic business. In some of the United States, the legislature. 4. A collection of persons for amusement. 5. A convoca- tion, convention, or council of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery. — 6. In armies, the second beating of the drum before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents. 7. An assemblage, [not in use.] — Pri- mary assevibly, a meeting of the people, or legal voters. in a town or neighborhood, to discuss and decide in per son. AS-SEM'BL Y-ROOM, n. A room in which persons assem- ble, especially for amusement. AS-SENT, n. [L. assensus:] 1. The act of the mind in ad- mitting or agreeing to the truth of a proposition. 2. Con sent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right oi interest. Strictly, assent is an act of the understanding ; consent, of the will. — Tlnyal assent, in England, the assent of the sovereign to bills passed by Parliament. — Syn. Ac- cord ; agreement ; concurrence ; approbation. AS-SENT', v. i. To admit as true ; or, rather, to express a* agreement of the mind to what is alleged or proposed, j Syn. To yield ; asree ; concede ; concur ; approve. AS-SENT- X'TTON, n. [L. assentatio.] Compliance with tt* opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation AS-SENT-a'TOR, n. A flatterer. t AS-SENT- A-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation. AS-SENT'ER, n. One who assents, agrees to, or admits. AS-SENT'ING, ppr. Agreeing to, or admitting as true ; yielding to. Dove ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as K ; Q as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. A-"»S 66 AS-SENTING-LY, adv. In a manner to express assent ; by agreement AS-SENTMENT/h. Assent ; agreement.— Brown. \Rare.\ A8-SERT, v. t. [L. assero, assertion.] 1. To declare posi- tively, and with assurance. 2. To maintain or defend by- words or measures ; to vindicate a claim or title to ; as, to assert one's rights. — Syn. To affirm ; aver ; asseverate ; protest •. pronounce : declare. AS-SERTED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained ; vindi- cated. ASSERTING, ppr. Declaring with confidence; maintain- ing; defending. AS-SERTION, n. 1. The act of asserting the maintaining of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment ; affirma- tion : position advanced. AS-SERT'lVE, a. Positive ; affirming confidently. AS-SERT'lVE-LY, adv. Affirmatively.— Bedell. AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator. AS-SERT'O-RY, a. Affirming; maintaining. tAS-SERVE', v. t. [L. asservio.] To serve.— Diet. AS-SESS', v. t. [Fr. asseoir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge a cer- tain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the value of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To set, fix, or ascertain. j- AS-SESS', n. Assessment. AS-SESS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed. AS-SESS'A-BLY, adv. By assessment. AS-SESS'£D (as-sesf), pp. Charged with a certain sum; valued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained. AS-SESS'ING, ppr. Charging with a sum ; valuing ; fixing ; ascertaining. t AS-SES'SION, n. A sitting down by a person. AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors. AS-SESS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax, or spe- cific sum charged on the person or property. 3. The act of assessing ; the act of determining the amount of dam- ages by a jury. 4.S-SESS'OR, n. 1. One appointed to assess the person or property. 2. An inferior officer of justice, who sits to assist the judge. 3. In England, a term applied to persons chosen to assist the officers of corporations during elec- tions. 4. One who sits by another, as next in dignity. AS-SES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to assessors, or a court of assessors. — Coze. AS'SETS, n. pi. [Fr. assez.] 1. Goods or estate of a deceased person, subject to the payment of his debts. 2. The prop- erty of an insolvent debtor for the same purpose. 3. The stock in trade and entire property of a merchant or trading association. — M'Cullock. AS-SEV'ER, _ > v.t. [L. assevero.] To declare positively, AS-SEV'ER-aTE, i or with solemnity.— Syn. To affirm ; assert ; protest ; pronounce ; assure ; declare. AS-SEV'ER-a-TED, pp. Affirmed or averred positively. AS-SEV'ER-a-TING, ppr. Affirming positively. AS-SEV-ER-A'TION, n. Positive affirmation or assertion ; solemn declaration. iSS'-HE AD (-hed), n. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of apprehension ; a blockhead. AS-SI-De'ANS, In. pi. A sect of Jews, who followed the GHAS-I-De'ANS, $ Maccabean princes. AS'SI-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidens.] Assident signs, in medicine, are such as usually attend a disease. f-AS-SID'F-ATE, a. Daily.— K. Charles. AS SI-Du'I-TY, n. [L. assiduitas.] 1. Constant or close ap- plication to any business or enterprise. 2. Attentiveness to persons. — Assiduities, in the plural, are studied and per- severing attentions.— Syn. Diligence ; constancy ; care ; attention ; watchfulness ; perseverance. AS-SID'U-OUS, a. [L. assiduus.] 1. Constant in applica- tion. 2. Regular in attendance. 3. Performed with con- stant diligence or attention.— Syn. Diligent ; attentive ; sedulous ; unwearied ; unintermitted ; persevering ; la- borious ; indefatigable. AS-SID'U-OUS-LY, adv. Diligently ; attentively ; with ear- nestness and care ; with regular attendance. AS-SID^T-OUS-NE8S, n. Constant or diligent application. lAS-SlErtE', v. t. [Fr. assicger.} To besiege. — Diet. AS-SI-ENT'IST, n. One concerned in the assiento contract. ASSIENTO, n. [Sp. asiento.] A contract or convention for furnishing slaves to the provinces of Spanish America. A company existed for this purpose, called the Assiento Cmnpany. AS-SlGN' (as-slne'), v. t. [Fr. assigner.] 1. To allot; to ap- point or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix, specify, or designate. -1. To make or set over ; to trans- fer, sell, or convey by writing. 5. To allege or show in particular. — 6. In laic, to show or set forth with particu- larity. AS-SlGN' (as-sine'). n. A person to whom property or an interest is transferred. ASS AS-SlGN'A-BLE (as-sine'a-bl), a. 1. That may be allotted appointed, or assigned. 2. That may be transferred by writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision, or designated. AS'SIG-NAT, n. A public note or bill issued by the revoiu tionary government of France. — Burke. AS-SIG-Na'TION, n. 1. An appointment of time and plaoo for meeting ; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making over by transfer of title. AS-SlGN'ED (as-sind), pp. or a. Appointed; allotted; made over ; shown or designated. AS-SIGN-EE' (as-si-ne 7 ), n. A person to whom an assign- ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed by another to do some act, or enjoy some right, privilege, or proper ty. — Assignees in bankruptcy, in England, persons ap~ pointed under a commission of bankruptcy to manage the estate of a bankrupt for the benefit of his creditors. AS-SlGN'ER (as-si'ner), n. One who assigns, or appoints. AS-SlGN'ING, ppr. Allotting; appointing; transferring ; showing specially. AS-SlGN'MENT (as-sine'ment), n. An allotting, or an »p« pomtment to a particular person or use. — In law, 1. A transfer of title or interest by writing. 2. The writing by which an interest is transferred. 3. The appointment or designation of causes or actions in court, for trial on par- ticular days. 4. The conveyance of the whole interest which a man has in an estate, usually for life or years.- Assignment in bankruptcy, the transfer of a bankrupt's property to assignees for the benefit of the creditors. AS-SIGN-OR' (as-si-nori), n. An assigner; a person who as- signs or transfers an interest. AS-SIM'I-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated. AS-SIM'I-LaTE, v. t. [L. assimilo.] 1. To bring to a like- ness ; to cause to resemble. 2. To convert into a like substance. AS-SIM'I-LaTE, v. i. 1. To become similar.— Burke. 2. To perform the act of converting food into the substance of the body. 3. To be converted into the substance of the body. AS-SIM'I-La-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed into a like substance. t AS-SIM'I-LATE-NESS, n. Likeness.— Diet. AS-SIM'1-La-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble ; converting into a like substance. AS-SIM-I-LI'TION. n. 1. The act of bringing to a resem- blance. 2. A state of resemblance. 3. The act or process by which bodies convert other bodies into their own na- ture and substance. — 4. In physiology, the conversion of nutriment into the substance of the body. AS-SIM'I-LA-TlVE, a. Having power of converting to a likeness, or to a like substance. AS-SIMTL-A-TO-RY, a. Tending to assimilate. t AS-SIM'U-LaTE, v. t. [L. assimulo.] To feign. t AS-SIM-U-LITION, n. A counterfeiting. See Simula- tion. AS-SI-NS'GO, n. [Port.] An ass.— Sir T. Herbert. AS-SIST, v. t. [L. assisto.] To give support to in some un- dertaking or effort, or in time of distress. — Syn. To aid ; help ; second ; back ; support ; farther ; relieve ; succor ; befriend ; sustain ; benefit ; favor. AS-SIST'. v. I 1. To lend aid. 2. To attend or be present — Prtscott, [a Gallicism.] AS-SIST'ANCE, n. A contribution of aid or support. — Syn. Help; aid; support; relief; furtherance; succor. AS-SI8TANT, a. Helping; lending aid or support; auxiliary. AS-SISTANT, n. 1. One who aids, or who contributes his strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare of another ; an auxiliary. 2. An attendant. — Dry den, [lit- tle 'used.] 3. Formerly, in some of the New England States, a member of the upper house of the legislature. t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist— Sternhold. ASSISTED, pp. Helped; aided. AS-SIST'ER, n. One who lends aid. AS-SIST'ING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with strength or means. AS-SISTLESS, a. Without aid or help.— Pope. AS-SlZE', n. I [Fr. assises, and sometimes so written AS-SIZ'ES, n. pi. $ in English.] 1. Originally, an assem- bly of knights and other substantial men, with a baililF or justice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held in every county by at least one of the judges of the supe rior courts, for trying issues at nisi prius, and criminal cases. 3. A jury, ~[obs.] 4. A writ 5. A particular spe- cies of rents. 6. The time or place of holding the court of assize. 7. In a more general sense, any court of justice. 8. A statute of regulation ; an ordinance regulating the weight, measure, and price of articles sold in market; and hence the word came to signify the weight, measure, o* price itself. This word is, in a certain sense, now cor rupted into size, which see. AS-SlZE', v. t. 1. To fix the weight, measure, or price of commodities by an ordinance or regulation of avthorUy 2. To fix the rate of ; to assess, as taxes. * See Synopsis. a.E. I. &c..lon#.— I. E.I, &c, sliort.— FaR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ~ MARINE, BIRD ;~ JVH /B B9#Ki ASS 67 AST A-S-SIZ'jED (as-sizd), pp. Regulated in weight, measure, or price, by an assize or ordinance. AS-SlZ'ER, n. An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures. AS-SlZpR, n. In Scotland, a juror.— Bailey. iSS'-LlKE, a. Resembling an ass. — Sidney. ^Ad-So'BER, v. t. To keep under. — Gower. AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of as- sociation ; the quality of suffering some change by sympa- thy. — Darwin. AS-So'CIA-BLE (as-so'sha-bl), a. 1. That may be joined to or associated. 2. Sociable ; companionable. — In a medi- cal sense, liable to be affected by sympathy. AS-So'CIABLE-NESS, n. As sociability. AS-So'CIaTE (as-so'shate), v. t. [Fr. associer; L. associo.] 1. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, or confederate. 2. To unite in the same mass. &.S-So'CIaTE, v. i. 1. To unite in company; to keep com- pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be affected by the" action of a different part of the body. Ais-So'CIATE, a. 1. Joined in interest, purpose, or office ; confederate. 2. Joined in employment or office ; as, asso date judges. — 3. In medicine, connected by habit or sym pathy ; as, associate motions. Ac-So'CIATE, n. 1. One frequently in company with an other. 2. A partner in interest, as in business ; or a con federate in a league. 3. A companion in a criminal trans action ; an accomplice. — Syn. Companion ; mate ; fellow friend; ally; partner; coadjutor. AS-So'CIX-TED, pp. United in company or in interest joined. AS-So'CIATE-SHIP, n. The state or office of an associate, A^-SG'CIa-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest juiuing. AS-SO-CI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of associating ; union ; con nection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy 3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter. 4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly pro- duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex- treme part of the sensorium residing in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant fibrous contractions. Darwin. — 6. Among Con- gregationaiists, a meeting of neighboring clergymen, held at stated times, fur mutual consultation and improvement. A.S-SO-CI-A'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of clergymen. AS-So T CIA-TlVE, a. Having the quality of associating, or of being affected by sympathy, t AS-So-CIa'TOR, n. A confederate, or associate. — Dryden. r AS-SOIL', *. t. [Old Fr. ; L. absolvo.] To solve ; to release ; to absolve. — Mede. f AS-SOIL', v. t. [Fr. smaller.] To soil; to stain. AS-SOIL'MENT, n. Act of assoiling ; absolution.— More. AS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.] Resemblance of sounds.— In rhet- oric and poetry, a concurrence of words or lines ending in sounds, which resemble each other without forming rhymes. AS'SO-NANT, a. Having a resemblance of sounds. f-AS'SO-NATE, v. i. [L. assono.] To sound like a bell. AS-SOR'f", v. t. [Fr. assortir.] I. To separate and distribute Inttj classes. 2. To furnish with all sorts. AS-SORT*, v. i. To agree; to be in accordance with. AS-SORT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Distributed into sorts, kinds, or classes. 2. Furnished with an assortment 3. Fitted or adapted to. — Burke. AS-SURTTNG, ppr. Separating into sorts ; supplying with an assortment ; agreeing. AS-SORT'MENT. n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts. 2. A mass or quantity of things, either of the same or of various kinds or sorts ; or a number of things assorted. lAS-SOT, v. t. To infatuate ; to besot— Spenser. AS-SUaCjE' (as-swaje'), v. t. To soften, in a figurative sense ; to bring down, or reduce, as pain of body or mind ; to pacify, as passion or tumult. — Syn. To allay ; mitigate ; appease ; soothe ; calm ; alleviate ; tranquilize ; pacify ; reheve. A.S-SUA&E', v. i. To abate or subside. — Gen., viii. A.S-SUa6'jED (as-swajd'), pp. Allayed; mitigated; eased; appeased. •IS-SUaGE'MENT, ?! Mitigation ; abatement ■iS-SUAd'ER, n. One who allays or pacifies ; that which mitigates or abates. A£-SUa6'iNG. vpr. Allaying; mitigating; appeasing: abating. iS-SUI'Sf *":., a. Softening ; mitigating ; tranquilizing. — . AS ,-UB'JECT, v. t. [Fr. assoubjectir.] To make subject *A5-SUB'JU-GaTE. b. t. To subject to.— Shak. AS-SUE-F ACTION, n. [L. assuefacio.] The act of accus- totninir. — Brown. AS'SUE-TUDE, n. [L. assuetudo.] Custom; habit; t«»btt ualjuse. — Bacmi. AS-SuME', v. t. [L. assztmo.] 1. To take, or take upon ono'a self; as, to assume the debts of another. 2. To seize un justly. 3. To take for granted, or without proof : to sup- pose as a fact. — Syn. To arrogate ; usurp ; appropriate. AS-SuME', v. i. 1. To be arrogant ; to claim more than is due. — 2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation ; to undertake or promise. AS-SuM'£D (as-sumd'), pp. Taken; arrogated; taken with out proof; pretended. t AS-Su'MENT, n. [L. assumentum.] A piece or patch set on AS-SuM'ER, n. One who assumes ; an arrogant person. AS-SuMTNG, ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for granted pretending. AS-SuMTNG, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one's sell more than is just ; haughty ; arrogant AS-SuMTNG, n. Presumption. — Jonson. AS-SUMP'SIT, n. [Pret tense of L. assumo.] 1. In law, • promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. 3. An action founded on a promise. t AS-SUMPT, v. t. To take up : to raise.— Sheldon. t AS-SUMPT, n. That which is assumed. AS-SUMP'TION, n. [L. assumptio.] 1. The act of taking to one's self. 2. The act of taking for granted ; supposition. 3. The thing supposed; a postulate or proposition as- sumed. — In logic, the minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the proposition of which an argument is composed. 5. Un- dertaking ; a taking upon one's self. — Kent. 6. The taking up a person into heaven. Hence, a festival in honor of the miraculous ascent of the Virgin Mary to heaven. 7 Adoption. AS-SUMP'TiVE, a. That is or may be assumed. AS-SUMP'TlVE-LY, adv. By way of assumption. AS-SuR'ANCE (ash-shfir'anse), n. [Fr.] 1. The act of assur- ing. 2. Firm persuasion; full confidence or trust; freer dom from doubt ; certain expectation ; the utmost cer tainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ; in- trepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5. Free- dom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashfulness ; laudable confidence. 6. Insurance; a contract to pay a given sum in a certain event as a person's death. In England, assurance is more used of life contingencies, and insurance of other contingencies. [See Insurance.] 7. Any written or other legal evidence of the conveyance of property. 8. Conviction. — 9. In theology, full confidence of one's interest in Christ and of final salvation. AS-SuRE' (ash-shure'), v. t. [Fr. assurer.] 1. To make cer- tain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or secure. 3. To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make secure, with of before the object secured. 5. To affiance ; to be- troth. — Shak., [obs.] 6. To insure ; to covenant to indem- nify for loss. [See Insure.] — Syn. To declare ; aver ; avouch ; vouch ; assert ; asseverate ; protest AS-SuR'_ED' (ash-shurd'), pp. Made certain or confident ; made secure ; insured. AS-SuR'JD (ash-shurd'), a. Certain; indubitable ; not doubt- ing ; bold to excess. AS-SuR'ED-LY (ash-shur'ed-ly), adv. Certainly; indubitably. AS-SuR'ED-NESS (ash-shuried-ness), n. The state of being assured ; certainty ; full confidence. AS-SuR'ER (ash-shurier), n. One who assures ; one who insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. AS-SUR'OENT, a. [L. assurgens, assurgo.] In botany, rising upward in a curve from a declining base. AS-SuRTNG (ash-sharing), ppr. Malting sure or confident ■ giving security ; confirming ; insuring. AS-SuR'ING-LY, adv. In a way to create assurance AS-SWa6E'. See Assuage. AS-SYR'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Assyria, a country of Asia. AS-TaRTE, n. Ashtoreth.~a goddess of the Sidonians. AS'TE-ISM, n. [Gr. acraoc.] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a polite and ingenious maimer of deriding another. AS'TER, n. [Gr. aa-r t p.] A genus of plants with compound flowers. AS-TeTH-AS, n. [Gr. aarpp.] Stella marina, or star-fish ; a subdivision of the radiata, or radiate animals, the fourth division of the animal kingdom. It has usually the for u of a star L with five broad rays, and a mouth at the center. AS-Te'RI-a-TED, a. Radiated; presenting diverging rays, like a star. — Cleavcland. ASTER-ISK, n. [Gr. aaTcpiaicoS.] The figure of a star, thus, * used in printing and writing. AS'TER-ISM, n. [Gr. anrepinuos.] 1. Formerly a constella- tion ; as now used, a small cluster of stars either included or not in a constellation. — P. Cyc. 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. A-STERN', adv. 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or toward the hinder part, or backward. 2. Behind a ship, at any indefinite distance. AS'TER-OID, n. [Gr. acrrjp and ctJof ", A name given by IK VE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. AST ATA ii&Wfet! •« 'tie - a . vly -discovered planets between the orb- its of fc'«ri> a^il Jspiter. AS-TJ.IJt-OTX)'Al» a. Resembling a star; or pertaining to thd astei ~AfLi.~rJnwrn. of Science. AP-TER-O-Pg OI-LM, ?t.*[Gr. aorrjp and ttouS, ttoJoS.J A kini of e.xtraneous fossil. — Encyc. t A-STERT, v. i. To startle.— Spenser. AS-THENTG, «. [Gr. a and adevos.] Weak ; characterized by debility. A8-THEN-OL'0-gY, n. [Gr. a, <70evo<;, and Aoyos.] The doc- trine of diseases connected with debility. ASTHMA (asrmii), n. [Gr. aadjxa.] A chronic, intermittent disorder of respiration, commonly attended with cough, straitness, and wheezing. The term is also often applied to any chronic difficulty of breathing. ASTHMATIC, a. Pertaining to asthma; also, affected by asthma. ASTHMATIC, n. A person troubled with asthma. tAS-TIP'U-LATE, for Stipulate. tASTIPU-LXTION, for Stipulation. tAS-ToNE', \v.t. [See Astonish.] To terrify or astonish. t AS-TONY, 5 —Chaucer. tAs"ToVli?D iPP r - ora - Astonished. — Spenser. — MiUon. t AS-TON1.ED-NESS, ?i. The state of being astonished. AS-TON'iSH, v. t. [Old Fr. estonncr, now etonner ; L. attono.] To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, surprise, or wonder ; to confound with some sudden passion. — Syn. To amaze ; astound ; overwhelm ; surprise. AS-TON'ISfLED (as-ton'isht), pp. or a. Amazed; confound- ed with fear, surprise, or admiration. AS-TON'ISH-ING, ppr. Amazing ; confounding with won- der or fear. AS-TON'ISH-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex- cite great admiration or amazement. — Syn. Amazing ; surprising ; wonderful ; admirable ; marvelous. AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex- cite amazement. — Bp. Fleetwood. AS-TON'ISH-ING-NESS, n. The quality of exciting aston- ishment. AS-TON'ISII-MENT, n. Confusion of mind from fear, sur- prise, or admiration, at an extraordinary or unexpected event. — Syn. Amazement; wonder; surprise; admiration. AS-TOUND', v. t. [from Old Fr. estonncr.} To astonish; to strike dumb with amazement. t AS-TOUND', v. i. To shake ; to stun.— Thomson. AS-TOUND'ED, pp. Astonished to dumbness. AS-TOUND'ING, ppr. 1. Astonishing. 2. a. Adapted to as- tonish. ASTOUNDMENT, n. Amazement.— Coleridge. A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on different sides. AS-TR^A, ? n. [Gr. aaryp.] 1. The goddess of justice. 2. AS-TReA, > A small planet, or asteroid, discovered in De- cember, 1845, and revolving round the sun in 1510 days. 3. A species of coral zoophytes, having a rounded form, and covered, when alive, with animal flowers. See Ani- mal Flo web. ASTBA-GAL, n. [Gr. aarpaya^oS.] 1. In architecture, a lit- tle round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round molding on cannon near the mouth. AS-TRAGA-LUS, n. [L.] In anatomy, the huckle, ankle, or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot, supporting the tibia. ASTRAL, a. [L. astrum; Gr. aarnp-] Belonging to the stars ; starry. — Dryden. ASTRAL LAMP, n. An Argand lamp, having the oil con- tained in a flattened ring, and surmounted by a hemis- phere of ground glass ; the whole arrangement being de- signed to throw a strong and uninterrupted light on the objects below. A-STRaY', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place. AS-TReA, n. See Astr;ea. ASTRICT, v. t. [L. astringo, astrictus.] 1. To bind fast ; to confine. ^ 2. To constrict ; to contract. [Not much used.] AS-TRJGT, a. Compendious; contracted — Wcever. AS-TRICT'ED, pp. Bound fast; confined; constricted. ASTRICT'ING, ppr. Binding close ; constricting A8-TRICTION, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A con- traction of parts by applications ; the stopping of fluxes or hemorrhages.— Coze. 3. Constipation. AS-TRICT1VE, a. Binding; constricting; styptic ASTRICT'0-RY, a. Astringent ; binding ; apt to bind. A-STRlDE', adv. With the legs open and across a thing. AS-TRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. astrifcr.) Bearing or containing stars. [Little used.] t AS-TRI&'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars AS-TRINgE', v. t. [L. astringo.] 1. To bind fast°; to con- strict ; to cause parts to draw together. 2. To bmd by ob- ligation. — Wolscy. AS-TRING'7?D (as-trinjdO. pp. Bound fast; contracted. AS-TEING'EN-CY, n. The power of contracting the parts of the body ; that quality in medicines which causes con traction of the soft solids. AS-TRING'ENT, a. Binding; contracting, strengthening, opposed to laxative. — Astringent principle, in chemistry tannic acid or tannin. AS-TRING'ENT, n. An astringent medicine, or one whicb causes vital contraction in the soft solids. AS-TRING'ER., n. A falconer that keeps a goshawk. AS-TRING'ING,#pr. Constricting; bmdingfast; contracting AS-TROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aarnp, or aarpov a.n&yp a metry.— More. [Little used.] A-SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr.a and cv/j^erpia.] The want of pro portion between the parts of a thing. ASYMPTOTE, n. [Gr. a, ovv, and tttow.] Sometimes pro- nounced asymptote. A line which approaches nearer and nearer to some carve, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. AS-YMPTOT'IC-AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote. A-SYN-AR-TETE', a Literally disconnected. — Asynartete sentences. Those whose members are not united by con- nective particles ; as, " I came, I saw, I conquered."-— Brande. — Asynartete verse. A verse consisting of two mem- bers, having different rhythms. A-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. a and ovvScio.] In grammar, a fig- ure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici. — AT, prep. [Sax. at ; Goth, at.] In general, at denotes ?iear ness or presence; as, at the ninth hour, at the house, but t is less definite than in or on ; at the house, may be in or near the house. It denotes, also, toward, versus ; as, to aim an arrow at a mark. From this original import are derived all the various uses of at. At ike sight, is with, present, or coming the sight ; at this news, pi csent the news. on or with the approaclfor arrival of this nexvs. At pcaoa at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or war existing, being present; at ease, at play, at a loss, &•<■ convey the like idea. ATA-BAL, n. [Sp.] A kettle-drum ; a kind of tabor uswj by the Moors. A-TACA-MITE, n. A native chlorid of copper, found 01 lg inally in the desert of Atacama, between Ga'M and Peru. *See Synovsis. A, 6, T, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD -W VE, BOQK ATL 69 ATR ATA-GHAN i A long dagger worn in a belt, with pistols, in a meted ftuabbard.— Bifron: ATA-MAN, n. A hetman (headman), or chief of the Cossacks. AT-A-MAS'CO, r... A species of lily of the germs amaryllis. AT'A-RAX-Y. n. [Gr. arapayps .] Calmness of mind; a term used by tht Stoics. A-TAX'I-A, )n. [Gr. a and r«£a. Pertaining to atoms; consisting of at- A-TOM'I€-AL, 3 oms ; extremely minute. — Atomical phi- losophy. This taught that atoms arranged themselves into the universe without the agency of God. — Atomic theory, in chemistry, or the doctrine of definite proportions, teach- es that all chemical combinations take place between the supposed ultimate particles, or atoms of bodies ; and that these unite, either one atom with ong atom, or by sums oi atoms which are integral multiples of unity. AT'OM-ISM, 7i. The doctrine of atoms. ATOM-IST, n. One who holds to the atomical philosophy. AT'OM-lZE, v. t. To reduce to atoms. — Baxter. AT'OM-LlKE, a. Resembling atoms. — Browne. AT-OM-OL'0-6Y, n. The doctrine of atoms. — Knowles. AT'O-MY, n. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also, an abbreviation of anatomy. AT-ONE', adv. [at and one.] At one ; together. — Spenser. A-TONE', v. i. [supposed to be compounded of at and one.] 1. To agree ; to be in accordance , to accord. [This sense is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep- aration, amends, or satisfaction for an offense or a crime. 3. To atone for, to make compensation or amends. A-ToNE', v. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfac- tion for. — Pope. 2. To reduce to concord; to appease. [Not now used.] A-ToN'£D (atond*), pp. Expiated, appeased; reconciled, A-ToNE'MENT, n. 1. Agreement; concord; reconciliation after enmity or controversy.— Rom., v. 2. Expiation ; sat- isfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury. — 3. In theology, the expiation of sin made by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ A-ToN'ER, n. He who makes atonement A-TON'IC, a. Debilitated ; wanting tone. Iu medicine, char- acterized by atony, or want of vital energy. A-ToN'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends or satisfaction. ATO-NY, m. [ Gr. arovia.] Debility ; a want of tone ; defect of muscular power ; palsy ; particularly, want of vital en» ergy and strength in the heart and arteries. A -TOP', adv. On or at the top. — Milton. AT-RA-BIL-A'RI-AN, \a. [L. atra bills.] Affected with AT-RA-BIL-A'RI-OUS, 5 melancholy, which the ancients attributed to the black bile ; replete with black bile. AT-RA-BIL-a'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being melan- choly, or affected with disordered bile. AT-RA-BIL'IA-RY, a. Melancholic or hypochondriacal, from the supposed predominance of black bile. A-TRA-Bl'LIS, n. [L.] Black bile ; a morbid state of the proper bile. AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thia. t Obsolete. ATT 70 ATT AT P. >. )II'.!* ' k/CEOUS, a. Black like ink ; inky. A V !-, \ Mf V'i < L, ? «■ [L- atramentum.] Inky ; black like AT-ft 4 MINT JUS, 5 ink. AT-RA-MEN'i'-C'RI GUS, o. Like ink; suitable for making ink. t A'TRJJD, a. [h. ater.) Tinged with a black color. ATRIP', adv. In nautical language, the anchor is atrip when"' drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc- tion. ATRo'CIOUS 'a-tro'shus), a. [L.atrox.] 1. Extremely hem- ous, criminal, or cruel. 2. Very grievous ; [obs.] — Syn. Fla- grant ; enormous ; outrageous ; flagitious ; violent ; hein- ous; horrible. A TRo'CIOUS-J .Y, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with enor- mous cruelty or guilt. A TRo'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being enormously criminal or cr del. ATROCITY, n. Enormous wickedness ; extreme heinous- ness or cruelty. AT'RO-PHY, n. [Gr. a and rp£0w.] A consumption or wast- ing of the fiesb, with loss of strength, without any sensible cause ; a washing from defect of nourishment. AT-RO-ITNA, In. A vegetable alkaloid extracted from the A-TRo'PI-A, 5 atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. ATTACH', e. t. [Fr. attacker.] 1. In a general sense, to seize and Yiold fast. Hence, 2. To take by legal authority ; to arrest the person or lay hold of property by writ; to answer for a debt or demand. 3. To cause to adhere ; to connect as an adjunct ; as, to attach a car to a locomotive. 4. To connect with, in a figurative sense; as, to attach im- portance to some act. 5. To take, seize, and lay hold on by moral force, as by affection or interest; to win the heart ; to fasten or bind by moral influence. — Syn. To af- fix ; bind ; tie ; tack ; fasten ; connect ; subjoin ; annex ; win ; gain over; charm; enamor. ATTACH' A-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; liable to be taken by writ or precept. ATTACHE' (at-ta-sha'), n. [Fr.] One attached to another, as a part of his suit or attendants ; particularly one attach- ed to the suit of an embassador. ATTACHED (at-tachf), pp. Taken by writ or precept; drawn to and fixed, or united by afl'ection or interest; eon nected with. AT-TACH'ING, ppr Taking or seizing by commandment or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning the affections ; fastening ; connecting with. ATTACHMENT, n. 1. A taking of the person, goods, or estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a debt or demand 2. A writ directing the person or estate of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a court. It is called a foreign attachment when laid on property of the debtor in the hands of a third person. 3. Close adherence or affection ; fidelity ; regard ; any pas- sion or affection that binds a person. 4. That by which one thing is attached to another ; as, to cut the attachments of a muscle. 5. Some adjunct attached to an instrument, machine, or other object; as, the Eolian attachment to the piano-forte. ATTACK', v* t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon with force. 2. To fall upon with unfriendly words or writing ; to begin a controversy with. — Syn. To assail ; as- sault ; invade ; beset ; besiege ; beleager ; combat ; im- pugn; encounter. ATTACK; n. A falling on, with force or violence, or with calumny, satire, or criticism. — Syn. Assault; invasion; en- counter; onset; inroad; charge. ATTACK'A-BLE, a. That can be attacked ; assailable. ATTACKED (at-takf), pp. Assaulted; invaded; fallen on by force or enmity. ATTACK'ER, n. One who assaults or invades. ATTACKING, ppr. Assaulting; invading; falling on with force, calumny, or criticism. ATTA-COT'TIC, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of ^azpxient Britons, allies of the Scots. AT'TA-GAS, \n. A variety of the hazel-grouse, found in ATTA-OEN, 5 the south of Europe. ATTA-GHAN. See Ataghan. AT-TaIN v. i. [Fr. and Norm, atteindre.] 1. To reach ; to ■some to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or arrive at by an effort of mind. ATTAIN', v. t. 1. To gain or compass; that is, to reach by eflorts. 2. To reach or come to a place or object by progression or motion. 3. To reach in excellence or de- gree ; to equal.— Syn. To reach ; achieve ; accomplish ; acquire; obtain; procure; gain; get. t AT-TaFN', n. AXUimmvnt.—Glanville. ATTajN-A-BIL'1-TY, v. Attainableness.— Coleridge. ATTajN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained; that may be reached. ATTA/N'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being attainable. ATTaiN'DER, n. [Norm. Fr. atteindre.} 1. Literally, a stain- ing, corruption, or rendering impure; a corruption of bk-o<3. 2. By the common law of England, a deprivation of * See Synopsis power to inherit or transmit property; and, in general, a loss of all civil rights, consequent on a sentence of death or outlawry for treason or felony. [No attainder exists in America; and in England it is limited, by a recent statute, to the life of the person attainted.] 3. The act of attainting ATTAINED (at-taind'), pp. Reached; achieved. AT-TaINTNG, ppr. Reaching ; arriving at ; achieving. ATTIIN'MENT, n. 1. The act of attaining; the act of ar riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or ob- tained by exertion ; acquisition. ATTAINT", v. t. 1. To taint or corrupt ; to extinguish the pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, convict- ed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain. 4. To taint or corrupt. — Shah. ATTAINT' (at-tanr/), n. 1. A stain, spot, or taint.— Shak. 2. Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. — Shak., [obs.] 3. A blow or wound on the legs or feet of a horse. 4. A writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a false verdict in any court of record. t ATTAINT, part. a. Convicted. ATTAINTED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa- mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting. ATTAINTING, ppr. Staining ; corrupting ; rendering in- famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood. ATTaINT'MENT, n. The being attainted. ATTaINT'URE, n. A staining or rendering infamous ; re- proach; imputation. t ATTAM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. attamino] To corrupt ATTAR OF Ro'SES, n. A highly fragrant, concrete oil, obtained in India from the petals of the rose. t AT-TASK', v. t. To task ; to tax..— Shak. t AT-TaSTE', v. t. To taste. AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L. attempero.] 1. To reduce, modify, or* moderate by mixture. 2. To soften, mollify, or moder- ate. 3. To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To accommodate ; to fit or make suitable. tjAT-TEMTER-ANCE, n. Temperance.— Chaucer. AT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. attemperatus.] Tempered; pro- portioned ; suited. t ATTEM'PER-aTE, v. t. To attemper. ATTEMTER.ED, pp. Reduced in quality ; moderated ; softened ; well mixed ; suited. ATTEM'PER-ING, ppr. Moderating in quality; softening; mixing in due proportion ; making suitable. t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner. ATTEM'PER-MENT, n. A tempering or due proportion. ATTEMPT', v. t. [Fr. attentgr.] 1. To make an effort to effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try ; to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at- tack ; to make an effort upon. This verb is not always followed by an object, and appears intransitive ; but some object or verb in the infinitive is understood. ATTEMPT', n. An essay, or an effort to gain a point. — Syn. Endeavor; trial; undertaking; enterprise; attack; onset; ATTEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried, or attacked ; liable to an attempt. ATTEMPTED, .pp. Essayed; tried; attacked. AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks. ATTEMPTING, ppr. Trying ; essaying ; malting an effort to gain a point ; attacking. ATTEND', v. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attend™.} 1. To go with, as a companion, minister, or servant 2. To be present ; to be united with ; as, a disease attended with fever. 3. To be present on duty, or to take care of; as, to attend the sick. 4. To be present on business, or from connection with affairs ; as, to attend court. 5. To be conseq uent to, from connection of cause. 6. To await ; to remain, abide, or be in store for. 7. To wait for ; to he in wait. 8. To wait or stay for. 9. To accompany with solicitude; to regard. 10. To regard with interest ; to fix the mind upon. 11. To expect. — Raleigh, [not in use.] — Syn. To accompa- ny ; escort ; wait on ; hearken ; listen ; give ear. ATTEND', v. i. 1. To listen ; to regard with attention ; fol- lowed by to. 2. To fix the attention upon, as an object of pursuit ; to be busy or engaged in. 3. To wait on ; to accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty ; with on or tipon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve. 5. To stay ; to delay, [obs.] 6. To wait ; to be within call. — Spenser. ATTENDANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or serving. 2. A waiting on ; a being present on business of any kind. 3. Service ; ministry. 4. The persons attend- ing; a train; a retinue. 5. Attention; regard; careful application of mind. 6. Expectation. — Hooker, [obs.\ ATTENDANT, a. 1. Accompanying ; being present, or in the train. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or imme- diately following, as consequential. — 3. In law, depending on or owing service to. ATTENDANT, n. 1. One who attends oi accompani<>g ; one who belongs to the train. 2. Dne who is present • - 3. In law, one who owes duty or service to, or depenus A, E, I, Sec, long.— A, K, I, Sec, short.- FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-- PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MOVE. B^OK. ATT 71 ATT on another 4. That which accompanies or is consequent to. AT-TEND'ED pp. Accompanied ; haying attendants ; served; waited on AT-TEND'ER, n. One who attends ; a companion ; an as- sociate. [Little used.} ATTENDING, ppr. Going with; accompanying; waiting on ; being present ; serving ; listening. t AT-TEND'ING-LY, adv. With attention.— Olcy. AT- TENT', a. Attentive.— 2 Citron., vi. AT-TENT', n. Attention ; as, with due attent. — Spenser. ATTENTATES, n. pi. Proceedings in a court of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. AT-TENTION, n. pi. 1. The act of attending, or heeding. 2. Act of civility, or courtesy. 3. The word of command given to soldiers before performing an exercise or evolu- tion. — Syn. Care; heed; study; consideration; applica- tion; advertence; respect; regard. ATTENTIVE, a. [Fr. attentif.] Regarding with attention. — Syn. Heedful; intent; observant; mindful; regardful; circumspect ; watchful. ATTENT'iVE-LY, adv. Heedfully; carefully; with fixed attention. ATTENT'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ; needfulness ; attention. AT-TENT'LY, adv. Attentively. —Barrow. ATTEN'U-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids ; diluting ; ren- dering less dense and viscid. ATTEN'U-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the fluids, sub- tilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the fluids to motion, circulation, and secretion ; a diluent. ATTEN'U-XTE, v. t. [L. attenuo.] 1. To make thin, or less consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the body into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To comminute ; to break or wear solid substances into finer or very minute parts; to pulverize. 3. To make slender; to reduce in thickness. ATTEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; made slender. ATTEN'U-a-TED, pp. or a. Made thin or less viscid ; com- minuted ; made slender. — In botany, growing slender to- ward the extremity. ' ATTEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean. ATTEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin, as fluids. 2. The act of making fine, by comminution or attrition ; pulverization. 3. The act or process of making slender, thin, or lean. AFTER, n. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. — Skinner. ATTER-XTE, v. t. [L. attero.] 1. To wear away. 2. To form or accumulate by wearing. AT'TER-I-TED, pp. Formed by wearing.— Ray. ATTER-a'TION, n. The operation of forming land by the wearing of the sea, and the wearing of the earth in one place and deposition of it in another. AT-TEST', v. t. [Fr. attesier ; L. attestor.] 1. To bear wit ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness to, or support the truth of a fact, by other evidence lutm »vords. 3. To call to witness ; to invoke as conscious. ATTESTyre. Witness ; testimony ; attestation. [Little used.] AT-TEST- A'TION, n. Testimony ; witness ; a solemn or official declaration. AT-TEST'ED, pp. or a. Proved or supported by testimony, solemn or official ; witnessed to ; supported by evidence. AT-TEST'ING, ppr. Witnessing to ; calling to witness ; af- firming in support of. AT-TESTOR, n. One who attests. ATTIC, a. [L. Atticus; Gr. AttikoS.] Pertaining to Attica, in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens ; marked by such qualities as were characteristic of the Athenians. Thus, Attic wit, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians. An Attic style, a style pure, classical, and ele- gant. Attic faith, inviolable faith. Attic dialect, the dialect of the ancient Greek language, spoken by the Athenians. ATTIC 7i. 1. A small square pillar, with its cornice on the ■uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian ; an Athe- nian author. ATTIC, }n. A story above the regular building, ATTIC-STo'RY, J with small windows either in or above the cornice. ATTIC-AL, a. [L. atticus.] Pertaining to Athens ; pure ; classical. — Hammond. ATTI-CISM, 7i. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians ; refined and ele- gant Greek. 2. A particular attachment to the Athenians. —Mitford. ATTI-ClZE, v. t. To conform or make conformable to the language or idiom of Attica. 4TTI-CIZE, v. i. 1. To use Atticisms, jr the idiom of the Athenians. 2. To side with the Athenians — Smith's Thv.cvdidcs. ViTlCS, n. pi. The title of a book in Pausanias, which treats of Attica. ATTINgE', v. t. [L. attingo.} To touch lightly .- Diet. AT-TlRE', v. t. [Norm, attyrer.] To dress ; to array , adorn ; particularly to adorn with elegant or splendid garments. AT-TlRE', n. 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but, appropriate^ ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer.— 3. In botany the generative parts of plants. AT-TlR'JSD (at-tird'), pp. Dressed ; decked with ornament or attire. ATTIR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire. ATTlR'ING. ppr. Dressing ; adorning with dress or attire t ATTTTLE, v. t. To entitle.— Gower. ATTITUDE, n. [Fr. attitude.] 1. The posture or position of a person, or the manner in which the parts of Ms body are disposed, particularly in relation to some purpose o., emotion ; as, an attitude of entreaty. — In painting ant sculpture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue is placed. 2. Posture or position of things ; as, let the na tion preserve a firm attitude. AT-TI-Tu'DIN-AL, a. Pertaining to attitude. AT-TOL'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up ; raising,- Derham. AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, as the ear, the eye-ball, or the upper eye-lid ; otherwise called levator or elevator. AT-ToNE'. See Atone. AT-T6RN' (at-turn), v. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal law, to turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord to another. ATToRN'EY (at-tur'ny). n. ; pi. ATToRN'EYS. [Norm, at- toumon.} 1. One who is legally qualified to act for an- other in courts of law. 2. One who is duly authorized to transact business for another, as his agent or factor.— Attorney-general is an officer appointed to manage business for the state or public ; and his duty, in particular, is tc prosecute persons guilty of crimes. — Letter, power, or tear rant of attorney, is a writing by which a person author- izes another person to transact business for him, as his agent or factor. t ATToRN'EY, v. t. To perform by proxy ; to employ as proxy. — Shak. AT-TORN'EY-SHIP, n. The office of an attorney ; agency for another. — Shak. ATToRN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans- ferring homage and fealty to the purchaser of an estate. ATToRN'MENT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or tenant, by which he consents to receive a new lord or superior. ATTRACT', v. t. [L. attraho, attractus.] 1. In physics, to draw to, or cause to tend toward; particularly, to cause to approach, adhere, or combine ; or to cause to resist divulsion, separation, or decomposition. 2. To draw by an influence of a moral land ; as, to attract all hearts. 3. To engage ; as, to attract attention. — Syn. To draw ; allure; invite; entice. t ATTRACT, n. Attraction.— Hitdibras. ATTRAGT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attractable — Asiat. Researches. AT-TRACT'A-BLE, a. That may be attracted; subject to attraction. AT-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn toward ; invited ; allured ; en gaged. t AT-TRACT'IC ? t ATTRACTTG-AL \ a ' Having power to draw to. — Ray. ATTRAGT'iLE, a.' That has power to attract.— Med. Rep. ATTRACTING, ppr. Drawing to or toward , inviting ; al luring; engaging. AT-TRACT'ING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner. ATTRACTION, n. 1. In physics, the force or law which draws bodies or their particles toward each other, or which resists their tendency to separate. Attraction, when exerted at sensible distances, may be divided into that of gravitation, of magnetism, and of electricity. When exert- ed at insensible distances, it may either take place between homogeneous particles, and is then called the attraction oj aggregation, or cohesion, or between heterogeneous parti- cles, and is then called chemical attraction. 2. The act of attracting ; the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging. — Elective attraction, or affinity, in chemistry, is the tend- ency of those substances, in a mixture, to combine which have the strongest attraction. — Syn. Allurement ; entice- ment; charm. ATTRACTIVE, a. [Fr. attractif] 1. Having the quality of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral influ- ence ; alluring ; inviting ; engaging. ATTRACTIVE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting, or drawing to. ATTRACT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive or engaging. ATTRACT'OR, n. The person or thing that attracts. * AT-TRa'HENT, a. [L. attrahens.] Drawing to or attractir 3. AT-TRa'HENT, n. That which draws, as a magnet, oj t medicine. DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; C'H as SH ; TH as hi this. \ Obsolete. AUD 72 f AT HUP, o t. To .lothe; to dress. AIM RECT-A HON, a. fL. attrectatio.] Frequent handling. —Did. AT-TRIB'U-T A-BLE a. That may be ascribed, imputed, or attributed; ascribuble; imputable. AT-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, m contemplation; to consider as belonging. 2. To give as due ; to yield as foi act of the mind. 3. To point to as a cause. — Syn. To ascribe ; impute ; assign. A TTRI-BUTE, n. 1- That which is attributed ; that which is considered as belonging to or inherent in. 2. Quality ; characteristic disposition. 3. A thing belonging to an- other ; an appendant. 4. Reputation ; honor. — Shah. AT-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed. AT-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Ascribing; yielding or giving as due; imputing. AT-TRI-Bu'TlON, n. The act of attributing, or the quality ascribed; commendation. AT-TRIB'U-TlVE, a. 1. Pertaining to or expressing an at- tribute. 2. That attributes ; attributive ; as, attributive justice. — Bacon. AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, n. In grammar, a word significant of an attribute ; as an adjective, verb, participle, or adverb. AT-TRITE', a. [L. attritus.] 1. Worn by rubbing or friction. —Milton. 2. In Roman Catholic theology, penitent only through fear of punishment. AT-TRITE'NESS, n. The being much worn. AT-TRl"TION, n. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric- tion, or rubbing substances together. 2. The state of be- ing worn. 3. With Roman Catholic divines, grief for sin arising only from fear of punishment ; the lowest degree of repentance. — Wallis. AT-TuNE', v. t. 1. To tune, or put in tune; to adjust one sound to another; to make accordant. 2. To make mu- sical ; as, to " attune the trembling leaves." Milton. — 3. Figuratively, to arrange fitly ; to make accordant ; as, ' to attune the thoughts. AT-TuN'ED (at-tund 7 ), pp. Made musical or harmonious ; accommodated in sound; made accordant. AT-TuN'ING, ppr. Putting in tune ; making musical; mak- ing accordant. tA-TW a IN', adv. In twain; asunder. — Shak. tA-TWEEN', adv. Between. — Spenser. tA-TWIXT, adv. Betwixt.— Spenser. tA-TWo' (a-too'), adv. In two. — Chaucer. AU-BaINE '(o-bane'), n. [Fr. auba,i?i.] The droit dJaubaine, in France, is the right of the king to the succession or in- heritance of an alien dying within his jurisdiction. It is now abolished. AU'BIN, n. A broken kind of gait in a horse, between an amble and a gallop, vulgarly called a Canterbury gallop. AU'BURN, a. [from brun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.] Red- dish brown. AUCTION, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. Contracts for services, supplies, &c, are disposed of to the lowest bidder. 2. The things sold at auction ; as, " to buy the whole auc- tion." — Pope. Dutch Auction, the setting up of property above its value, and gradually lowering the price, till some one takes it. — P. Cyc. i- AUCTION, v. t. To sell by auction. AUCTION-A-RY, a. Belonging to an auction or public sale. — Dryden. AUC-TION-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who sells at auction. AUC-TION-EER, v. t. To sell at auction.— Cowper. fAUCTlVE, a. Of an increasing quality. — Diet. AU-€U-PaTION, n. [L. aucupatio.] The act or practice of taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. [Little used.] AU-Da'CIOUS (au-da'shus), a. [L. audaz ; Fr. audacicux.] 1. Very bold or daring. 2. Committed with, or proceed- ing from daring effrontery ; as, an audacious insult. — Syn. Impudent ; effrontive ; daring ; bold. AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an impudent manner ; with ex- cess_ of' boldn ess. — Shak. AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, ii. The quality of being audacious ; impudence ; audacity. — Sandys. AU-DAC'I-TY, n. 1. Boldness, sometimes in a good sense ; daring spirit, resolution, or confidence. 2. Audacious- ness, in a bad sense ; implying a contempt of law or moral restraint.— Syn. Impudence; effrontery; hardihood. AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism, or the doctrine of Audeus, a Syrian of the fourth century. AUD'I-BLE, a. [L. audibilis.] That may be heard; perceiv- able by the ear ; loud enough to be heard. t AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of hearing.— Diet. AUD'l-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible. AUD'1-BL Y, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as .' to be heard. AUD'I-ENCF, 7i. i. The act of hearing, or attending to sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; reception to an in- terview, especially with a sovereign or the head of a gov- AUG eminent, for conference or the transaction of business , as. Mr. Pitt had an audience of the king. The term is also applied to an interview of mere ceremony between the head of a government and the representatives of foreign powers, as when an embassador requests an audience of leave. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers. — 4. In the Spanish dominions, a court, and the territory over which its jurisdiction extended. Robertson. — 5. In England, a court held by the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, from St. Augustin. AU-GUST'NESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi- cence. AUK, n. [contracted from alca.] The name of various spe- cies of aquatic birds, of the genus alca; as, the great auk, or northern penguin ; the little auk, or diver ; the Lab- rador auk, or puffin. AUieWARD. See Awkward. AU-La'RI-AN, n. [L. aula.} At Oxford, the member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian. — Chalmers. tAULD, a. [Sax. aid.] Old.— Shak. AU-LETIC. a. [Gr. av\rjTiKoi.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a ' pipe. [Little used.] AU'LIC, a. [L. aulicus.'l Pertaining to a royal court. The Aulic Council of the "former German empire was the su- preme court of the emperor. The term Aulic Council is now applied to a council of the war department in the Austrian empire. .MJLN, n. [Ft. aulne.] A French measure of length ; an ell. t AU-MaIL', v. t. [Fr. email.} To figure or variegate. AUM'BRY. See Ambry. AUME, n. A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine. A.UNE (own), n. [Fr. a contraction of aulne; L. ulna.] A French cloth measure. AUNT (ant), n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tantc.] The sister of one's father or mother, correlative to nephew or niece. t AUN'TER, ?i. Old word for adventure. ■4U'RA, 71. [L.] Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of air, but technically used to denote any subtile, invisible fluid supposed to flow from a body ; as, the electric aura. AU'RATE, n A sort of pear. 4-UTla.TE, n. [L. aurum.} A combination of auric acid with a base. AU'Ra-TED, a. 1. Resembling gold. 2. Combined with auric acid, r AU'RE-ATE, a. [L. auratus.} Golden ; gilded.— Shelton. A^U-Re'LI-A, n. In natural history, the nymph or chrysalis of an insect ; a term applieu to insects in their second stage of transformation, when inclosed in a hardish case, which reflects a brilliant color. £U-R.K'LI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia. 4U-Re'LI-AN, 71. An amateur collector or breeder of in- sects, especially of the Lepidcptera,. A.U-Re'0-LA, 7;. [L. aurum.} A circle of rays with which " painters surround the head cf Christ and the saints. AU'RIC, a. [from aurvm.] Pertaining to gold. The auric ecid is a combination of gold and oxygen, in which the oxygen is in the greatest proportion to the gold. A«U'RI-€LE, 71. [L. auricula.} 1. The external ear, or that part which is prominent from the head. 2. The auricles of the heart are two muscular sacs, situated at its base, and exterior to the ventricles ; so calkd from their resem- blance tc the auricle, or external ear jf some animals. A.V.tl-CL.ED (aw're-kld), a. Having appendages like ears. £.1 'O.GV LA, ?i. A species of primrose, called, from the shi*f>e of its leaves, bear's ear. A-U-RIC'U-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing. 2. Secret ; told in the ear. 3 Recognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing 4. Traditional ; known by report. 5. Pertaining to th auricles of the heart. Auricular feathers, in birds, the cir cle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear. AU-RICU-LAR-LY, adv. In a secret manner ; by way o! whisper, or voice addressed to the ear. AU-RI-G'U-LATE, a. Having appendages shaped like the ear. — Botany. AU-RI€'U-La-TED, a. Having appendages like the ear. AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurifer.] That yields or produces gold. AU'RI-FORM, a. [L. auris, the ear, and forma.] Ear-shaped , having the form of the human ear. AU-Rl'GA, 71. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the director of a car or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagottcr a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. The fourth lobe of the liver ; also, a bandage for the sides. AU-RI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. auriga/] The act or practice cf driving horses harnessed to carriages. AU-RIG'RA-PHY, 71. The art of writing with dquid gold instead of ink. AU-RI-PIG-MEN'TUM. See Orpiment. AU-RI-SCALP'I-UM, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument to clean the ears. AITRIST, 71. [L. auris.] One skilled in disorders of the ear, or who professes to cure them. AU'RI-TED, a. [L. auritus.} Eared ; having lobes or ap- pendages like the ear ; a term used in botany and zoology, AUROCHS, 71. [G. urochs, the urus, and ox.} The urus or bison of Poland ; considered by some as the common ox in a wild state, but by Cuvier as a distinct species. Bones, analogous to those of the aurochs, but much larger, have been found fossil in the northern parts of both contl nents. AU-Ro'RA, 71. [L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the morn- " ing ; the dawn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The god- dess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. 3. A species of crowfoot. Auro'ra borea'lis, or lu'men borea'le; popularly called northern lights. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending toward the zenith from a dusky line a few de- grees above- the horizon. Auro'ra austra'lis, a correspond- ing phenomenon in the southern hemisphere ; streams of light ascending in the same manner from the southern hor- izon. AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora, or to the northren lights ; resembling the twilight. — E. Goodrich. AU'RUM, 71. Gold. Au'rum ful'minans, fulminating gold, is gold dissolved in nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by ammonia. AUS-CUL-TI'TION, 71. 1. The act of listening or hearken- ing to. — 2. In medicine, a method of distinguishing diseases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds in the part, generally by means of a tube applied to the surface. AUS-CULTA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to hearing or listening. AU'SPI-CaTE, v. t. [L. auspicor.] 1. To give a favorable turn to in commencing. — Burke. 2. To foreshow. AU'SPiCE, 71. ? [L. auspicium.] 1. The omens of an un- AU'SPI-CES, 71. pi. 3 dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury. " 2. Protection ; favor shown ; patronage ; influence. In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices. t AU-SPl"CIAL, a. Relating to prognostics. AU-SPI"CIOUS, a. 1. Having omens of success, or favora ble appearances ; applied to both persons and things. — Syn. Favorable ; fortunate ; propitious ; kind ; favoring ; pros- perous. AU-SPi"CIOUS-LY, adv. With favorable omens ; happily ; " prosperously ; favorably ; propitiously. AU-SPl"CIOUS-NESS, 71. A state of fair promise ; prosperity. AUS'TER, 71. [L.] The south wind.— Pope. AU-STeRJE', a. [L. austerus.] 1. Rough and astringent to " the taste, applied to things ; as, austere berries. 2. Rough and forbidding in manner or life, applied to persons; as, austere deportment. — Syn. Harsh ; sour ; rough ; rigid ■ stern ; severe ; rigorous. ATI STeRE'LY, adv. Severely ; rigidly ; harshly. AU-STeRE'NESS, 7i. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness ; austerity. 2. Roughness in taste. AU-STER'I-TY, 71. [L. austeritas.] Severity of manners or life ; rigor ; strictness ; harsh discipline. AUSTRAL, a. [L. australis.] Southern ; lying or being in the south. Austral signs, the last six signs of the zodiac, or those lying south of the equator. AUS-TRAL-A'SIA, 71. [austral and Asia.] A name given to the countries situated to the southeast of Asia, compre- hending New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c. AUS-TRAL-i'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Australasia. AUS-TRa'LI-A, 71. A term applied to all the oceanic re- gions between Asia and America, especially to New Hol» land, which is sometimes called the continent of Australia AUS-TRI'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Australia. AUS-TllA'LI-AN, 7i. A native of Australia. D6V2 — ETJLL, UNITE ;- -AN"G Ctt, VI"C!OUS.— € asK;6asJ; SasZ; PHasSH; THosin this, t Obsolete. ACT 74 AUX [L. .] To tend southward. duster. yj iTHJklN, a. Pertaining to Austria. AS 'i'T\ LI- AN, n. A native of Austria. At S TRTNE, a. } L. austrinus.] South ; southerly ; southern. AU3-TTv v-E-(Vy?'TIAN, n. 1. A southern Egyptian, sup- "" posed to ha-»<; originated in Ethiopia. 2. a. Pertaining to tiie soiuaern Egyptians. A^JSTRO-MAN -CY, n. [from auster, and Gr. uavrua.] ' Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observa- tion of hne winds. j-AUTAR-GHY, ?i. [Gr. avrapKeia.] Self-sufficiency.— Coles. AU'TER DROIT (6'ter drwa). [Law French.] Another's right. Thus, a person may sue or be sued in another's right, as an executor, &c. — Bouvier. AU^TER-FOITS (6'ter-fwa). A word composed of the French autre, another, and foits, fois, time. It signifies formerly ; as, auterfoits acquit, auterfoits attaint, auterfoits convicl, formerly acquitted, attainted, or convicted, which being specially pleaded, is a bar to a second prosecution for the same ofl'ense. — Blachstone. AU'TER ViE (6'ter vee). [Law French.] Another's life. AU-THENTIG, ? a. [Fr. authentique.] 1. Having a gen- •AU-THEN'TIG-AL, $ uine original or authority, in opposi- ' tion to that which is false, fictitious, or counterfeit ; being what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Of approved authority for truth and correctness ; as, authentic history. — 3. In law, vested with all due formalities, and legally at- tested. — 4. In music, having an intermediate relation to the key-note or tonic, in distinction from plagal. . AU-THENTIG-AL-LY, adv. In an authentic manner ; with ' the requisite or genuine authority. AU-THEN'TIG-ALvNESS, n. The quality of being authen- tic ; authenticity. AU-THENTIG-aTE, v. t. L To render authentic ; to give * authority to, by the proof. 2. To determine as genuine ; as, to authenticate a picture. — Walpole. AU-THENTIG- A-TED, pp. Rendered authentic ; having re- ceived the forms which prove genuineness. AU-THENTIG-a-TING, ppr. Giving authority by the nec- essary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms. AUTHENTIC- A'TION, n. The act of authenticating ; the giving of authority by the necessary formalities ; confirm- ation. AUTHENTICITY, n. 1. The quality of being authentic ; of established authority for truth and correctness. 2. Genuineness ; the quality of being of genuine original. [In later writers, especially those on the evidences of Christianity, this term is confined to the first of the above meanings, and distinguished from genuineness.'] AUTHENTIG-LY, adv. After an authentic manner. AU-THENTIC-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarchj used.] AUTHOR, n. [L. auctor; Fr. auieur ; Sp. autor ; It. autore.] 1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being. 2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing ; hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original work, t AUTHOR, v. t. To occasion ; to effect. AUTHOR-ESS, n. A female author. AUTHo'RIAL, a. Pertaining to an author.— Ed. Rev. AUTHORITATIVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2. Having an air of authority ; positive ; peremptory. AU-THOR'I-TA-TlVE-LY, adv. In an authoritative man- ner ; with due authority. AU-THORI-TA-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of being au- thoritative ; an acting by authority. AU-THOR'ITY, n. [L. auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a right to command or to act ; power ; rule ; sway. 2. The power derived from opinion, respect, or esteem ; influ- ence of character or office; credit. 3. Testimony; wit- ness ; or tiie person who testifies. 4. Weight of testimony ; credibility. 5. Weight of character; respectability ; dig- nity. 6. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. Precedents ; decisions of a court; official declarations; respectable opin- ions and sayings ; also the books that contain them. 8. Government; the persons or the body exercising power er command.— Syn. Power ; sway ; rule ; force ; ascend- ency ; control ; influence. AU-THOR-1-Za'TION, n. The act of giving authority, or legal power ; establishment by authority. AU'THOR-lZE, v. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority, warrant, or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em- power. 2. To give authority, credit, or reputation to. 3. To justify ; to support as right. 4.UTHOR-IZ ED, pp. or a. Warranted by right ; supported by authority ; derived from legal or proper authority • having power or authority. ' AUTHOR-IZ-1NG, ppr. Giving authority, or legal power, credit, or permission. AUTHOR-LESS, a. Without author or authority, UTHOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author. -Shaftesbury. AU-TO-HI-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to, or containing autobiography. AUTO-BI-O-GRAPHTG-AL-LY, adv. In tho way 01 _ ner of autobiography. AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avroS, and biography.] Biog- raphy or memoirs of one's life written by one's self— Walsh AUTOCHTHON, n. [Gr.] 1. Literally, one who springs from the soil he inhabits ; hence, an aboriginal or native. This title was assumed by the ancient Greeks, especially the Athenians. 2. That which is original to a particular country, or which had there its first origin. AU-TOGH-THON'IG, > T ,. AU-TOGHTHO-NOUS, 5 a - fr&genaus. AU-TOG'RA-CY, n. [Gr. avros and ttparoS.] 1. Independent power ; supreme, uncontrolled authority. 2. Sole right of self-government in a state. AUTO-GRAT, ) n. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a AU-TOG'RA-TOR, 5 title assumed by the emperors of Russia. AU-TO-GRAT'IC, ? a. Pertaining to autocracy : abso AU-TO-GRAT'IG-AL, j lute. AU-TO-GRAT-OR'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to an autocrator ; supreme; absolute. AU-TOG'RA-TRIX, n. A female absolute sovereign. AU-TO DA FE (aw-to da fa'). [Port, act of faith.] 1. In the Roman Catholic Church, a solemn day held by the Liquid tion, for the punishment of heretics. [Span. Auto de fe. 2. A sentence given by the Inquisition, and read to a crim- inal, or heretic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisition- t AU-TO-6K'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avroyevnS.) Self-begotten. AU-TOG'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. avros and yevvaw.] Generating itself. AUTO-GRAPH, In. [Gr. avros and ypa(/>n.] A person's AU-TO G'RA-PHY, 3 own hand- writing ; an original manu- script. AU-1 OG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand-writing of a person. AU-TO-GRAPH'IG, \ a. 1. Pertaining to an autograph, AU-TO-GRAPH'IG-AL, 5 or one's own hand-writing. 2. Pertaining to, or used in autography, which see. AUTOG'RA-PHY, n. A process in lithography, by which a writing or drawing is transferred from paper to stone. t AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automatous. AUTO-MATH, n. [Gr. avros and navdavu).] One who ia self-taught. — Young. AU-TO-MAT'IG, \a. 1. Belonging to an automaton, AU-TO-MAT'IG-AL, $ having the power of moving itself; mechanical ; applied to machinery. 2. Not voluntary ; not depending on the will ; applied to animal motions. 3. The term automatic is now applied to machinery which, though moved by a force from without itself, has tho power of regulating its own movements ; and automatic arts are arts carried on by such machinery. AU-TOM'A-TON, n. ; pi. Automata. [Gr. avronaros.) A self-moving machine, or one which moves by invisible machinerv. AU-TOM'A-TOUS, a. Having in itself the power of motion. AU-TOM'O-LITE, n. [Gr. avjouo\os.] A mineral occurring in small, dark-green octahedrons, and allied to spinel, b:t containing about thirty per cent, of oxyd of zinc, in com- bination with alumina and oxyd of iron. AU-TO-NOM'A-SY, n. [Gr. avroS and ovo/xa.] In rhetoric, a word of common or general signification, used for the name of a particular thing ; as, the man has gone to the city, instead of New York. AU-TO-No'MI-AN, a. Pertaining to autonomy. AU-TON'O-MOUS, a. Independent in government ; having the right of self-government. — Mitford. AU-TON'O-MY, n. [Gr. avros and vopos.] The power or right of self-government. AU'TO-PIST-Y, n. [Gr.] Worthiness of belief in itself con sidered. AU-TOP'SIG-AL. Sec Autoptical. AUTOP-SY. n. [Gr. avro'ipia.] Personal observation or ex- amination ; ocular view. [Autopsy and its derivatives are rarely used, except by physicians.] AU-TOP'TIG-AL, a. Seen with cue's own eves. AU-TOPTIG-AL-LY, adv. By means of ocular view, or one's own observation. — Brown. t AU-TO-SGHED-I-ASTIG-AL, a. Hasty ; slight.— Mart- n. AUTUMN (aw'tum), n. [L. autumnus.] The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter, Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun en- ters libra, and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in tvpular language, autumn comprises September, October, and No vember. AU-TUM'NAL, a. Belonging or peculiar to autumn ; as, an autumnal tint ; produced or gathered in autumn ; as, au- tumnal fi-uits ; flowering in autumn ; as, autumnal plarts. AU-TUM'NAL, n. A plant that flower: in autumn. t AU-TUM'NI-TY, n. The season of autumn.— Hall. AUX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. av\riais.] Literally, an increasing.- -In rhetoric, a figure by which any thing is magnified too much. AUX-ET'IG, a. Ampli^ing ; increasing.— Hatch. * See Synopsis. 1, E, I, j. , v. i. j. o come oeiore ; to aavai N T T, ) NTANCE, > n. Boasting.— Chaucer. NTRY, 5 fA-VENGE', n. Revenge. — Spenser. t A- VENGEANCE, n. Punishment. A-VENG'iJD (a-venjd'), pp. Satisfied by tne jsymscment o the offender ; vindicated ; punished. A-VENGF/MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act o* taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or e^ on the offender ; revenge. A-VENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates ; a vind cator ; a revenger. A-VENG'ER-ES8, n. A female avenger.— Spenser. A-VENG'ING, ppr. Executing vengeance ; taking satisfac tion for an injury ; vindicating. AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet.— Miller. AVENT-A.ILE, n. The movable part of a helmet in frcct AV'EN-TlNE, a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus. A- VENTURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] A mischance causing a person's death without felony. A-VENTU-RINE, > n. A variety of translucent quartz, span A-VANTU-RINE, $ gled throughout with scales of yellow mica. AV'E-NuE, n. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden or park, planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, &c. 3. A wide street A-VER', v. t. [Fr. averer.] 1. To affirm with confidence ; t* declare in a positive manner. Prior. — 2. In law, to offer to verify. [See Averment.] — Syn. To declare ; assert , affirm ; avouch ; protest ; asseverate. AVER-AGE, n. 1. A mean proportion, medial sum, o* quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. — 2. In commerce, a contribution (called general average) to a gen eral loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, anj destruction of property is incurred, either by cutting away the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, ah persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, contribute to the loss according to their average, that is the goods of each on board. 3. A small duty (called petty average) payable by the shippers of goods to the mastei of the ship, over and above the freight for his care of the goods. — 4. In England, the breaking up of cornfields, ed- dish, or roughings. 5. The averages, in the English corn trade, denote the average of prices for the several ltinds of grain in the principal corn-markets. — Upon, or on an av- erage, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quantities. AVER-AGE, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion. — Price. — Beddoes. AV'ER-AgE, v. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or quantities ; to reduce to a medium. AVER-AGE. v. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quantity. AV'ER-Ag£D (aVer-ajd), pp. Reduced or formed into a mean proportion. — Jefferson. AV'ER-AG-ING, ppr. Forming a mean proportion out of unequal s\ims or quantities. A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; tho act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi- dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify or prove what he alleges. A-VER'NAT, n. A sort of grape.— Ash. A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Campania, in Italy. AV'ER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid toward the king's carriages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind. — Bum. A-VER'R2?D (a-verd 7 ), pp. Affirmed ; laid with an averment A-VERTtlNG, ppr. Affirming ; declaring positively ; offer- ing to justify or verify. A-VERTtO-IST, n. One of a sect of peripatetic philoso- phers, so denominated from Averroes. AV-ER-RUN'€aTE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] 1. To root up ; to scrape or tear away by the roots. 2. To prune. AV-ER-RUN-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of tearing up or raking away by the roots. 2. The act of pruning. AV-ER-RUN-CaTOR, n. An instrument for pruning trees, consisting of a pair of shears fixed on the end of a rod or polo. AV-ER-SITION, n. [L. aversor.] A turning from with dis- gust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It is nearly superseded by aversion. A- VERSE' (a-vers'), a. 1. Having a repugnance of mind. 2. Unfavorably inclined ; as, Pallas, now averse, refused her aid. Milton uses this word in its literal sense of turned away ; and Dryden for turned backward ; as, " with tracks averse :" but these are irregular uses. This word was for merly followed by from, but now by to. — Syn. Hostile ; disinclined ; reluctant ; unfavorable ; indisposed ; back- ward. A-VERSETY (a-versly), adn With repugnance ; unwill- ingly. — Brown. A-VERSE'NESS (a-vers'ness), n. Opposition of mind ; dis- like ; unwillingness ; backwardness. A-VER'SION, n. [Fr. aversion.] 1. Repugnance of ml^d. 2. Opposition or contrariety of nature. 3. The cause of dis- like. — Syn. Dislike ; disinclination ; unwiHin t -»ness .* iudis position; reluctance; antipathy; repugnai/;e ; oppo-ii tiou : disgust. Do V £, ■— BU I,L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS.— Q asK; Gas.T; SasZ; CBasSH; THasin this. I Obsolete AVO 76 AWE A-VEItT, v t. [L. averto.] 1. To turn from ; to turn off or away. 1 To^keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To cause to dislike. — Hooker, [improper.] A- VERT, v. i. To turn away.— Thomson. A-VERT'ED, pp. Turned from or away. A-VERTER, n. One who turns away or averts ; that which turns away. A-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning from; turning away. A'VI-A-RY, n. [L. aviarium.] A building or inclosure for keeping birds confined. A-VID1-OUS, a. Eager; greedy. A-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly ; with greediness. A-VID'I-TY, n. [L. aviditas.} 1. Greediness ; strong appe- tite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire. AV-I-Ga'TO. See Avocado. A-ViGN'ON BER'RY (a-veen'yong-), n. pi. The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, used as a yellow dye or paint. The Turkish berry is a superior quality of the same plant. f- A- VILE', v. t. [Fr. avilir.] To depreciate. — Ben Jonson. 1 A-Vrlo' \ 11 ' f Fr- avis ^ Advice ' intelligence. •f -VVlSE', v. i. To consider. — Spenser. A VlSE'MENT, n. Advisement. See Advice and Advise. t AVl-TOUS, a. [L. avitus.] Ancient. 1 A-VlZE', v. t. To counsel ; to consider. — Spenser. A. V-O-CX'DO, n. [Sp.] The name of a West India fruit, about the size of an apple, with a pulp which has the firmness and delicate flavor of the peach, but is more delicious. — Encyc. of Bom. Econ. A V-0~€A'F (av-o-ea/), n. An advocate ; the higher class of French lawyers, corresponding to the English counselor at law, and the Scottish advocate. 1 AV'O-GaTE, v. t. [L. avoco.] To call off, or away.— Boyle. A V-O-CXTION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting from some employment. 2. The business which calls aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which 6ummon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this word for vocation is very improper. tA-VO'€A-TIVE, a. Calling off A-Vo'€A-TIVE, n. That which calls aside ; dehortation ; dissuasion. AV'O-CET, n. See Avoset. A VOID', v. t. (Fr. vuider, or vider.] 1. To keep at a distance from ; that is, literally, to go or be wide from ; as, to avoid danger. 2. To endeavor to shun or prevent ; as, to avoid exposure. 3. To evacuate ; to shun by leaving ; as, to avoid [i. e., leave void] a house ; [obs.] 4. To evade or escape ; as, to avoid a blow. 5. To emit or throw out ; [void, is now used.] — 6. In law, to make void ; to annul or vacate ; as, to avoid a grant. To avoid, in pleading, is to set aside and defeat opposing allegations, by introducing new matter. — Syn. To quit ; shun ; leave ; eschew ; de- part from ; flee ; abandon ; elude ; evade ; escape. A- VOID', v. i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw, [improper.] 2. To become void, vacant, or empty. A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That maybe avoided, left at a distance, or escaped. 2. That may be vacated or annulled. A.-VOID'ANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding or shunning. 2. The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant. 3. The act of annulling. 4. The course by which any thing is carried off A-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned ; evaded ; made void ; ejected. A-VOID'ER, n. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2. The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in which things are carried away. A-VOIDTNG, ppr. Shunning; escaping; keeping at a dis- tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant A-VOID'LESS, a. That can not be avoided; inevitable. — Dryden. AV-OIR-DU-POIS' (av-er-du-poiz'), n. or a. [Fr. avoir du poids.] A weight, of which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a pound Troy is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the larger and coarser commodi'ies. t A-VoKE', v. t. [L. avoco.] To call back.— Cuc/ceram. A V'O-L aTE, v. i. To fly away ; to escape ; to exhale.— RoyZe. AV-O-La'TION, n. [L. avolo.] The act of flying away; flight: escape. [Little used.] A V OS ET, ) n. In ornithology, the popular name of dif- AV-O-SETTA, 5 ferent species of aquatic birds, with long legs and long, slender bills turned up toward the tip. A-VOUCIF, v. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm; to declare or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call in • to affirm in favor of, maintain, or support. 3. To maintain vindicate, or justify. — Shale. A-VOUCH', n. Evidence; testimony; declaration. — Sliak. [LiV.lt used.] A-VOUCH'A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little used.] A- T 'OUCH'JE:D (a-vouchtf), pp. Affirmed; maintained; called in to support. A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches. VOUCHING, ppr. Affirming ; calling in to maintain ; vin- dicating. A-VOUCH'MENT, n. Declaration ; the act of avouching.— Shak. A-VoU-E' (a-voo-a'), n. A French law term, corresponding to the English attorney, and applied to the lower class of French lawyers. A-VOW, v. t. [Fr. avouer.] 1. To declare openly ; to con- fess frankly. — 2. In law, to admit and justify in one's own right, as when one avows the taking in one's own right, and pleads that such taking was legal. — Syn. To acknowl- edge ; own ; confess ; recognize. t A-VOW, n. A vow or determination. — Gower. A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That may be avowed, or openly ac- knowledged with confidence. — Donne. A-VOWAL, n. An open declaration; frank acknowledg- ment. — Hume. A-VOWANT, n. The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. — Cowel. A-VO Wi?D (a-vowd'),j>p. Openly declared; owned; frank- ly acknowledged. A-VOW'ED-L Y, adv. In an open manner ; with frank ac- knowledgment * A-VOW-EE', n. Sometimes used for advowee, the person who has a right to present to a benefice ; the patron. — Cowel. See Advowson. A-VOWER, n. One who avows, owns, or asserts. A-VOW'ING, ppr. Openly declaring; frankly acknowledg- ing; justifying. A-VOW'RY, n. In law, the act of the distrainer of goods, who, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the tak- ing in his own right. — Blackstone' t A-VOW'SAL, n. A confession.— Diet. A-VOWTRY. See Advowtry. A-VOY'ER, n. [L. advocatus.] The chief magistrate of an imperial town or Swiss city. [Disused.] A-VULS'£D (a-vulsr), a. Plucked or pulled off.—Shenstone. A-VUL'SION, n. [L. avulsio.] A pulling or tearing from or asunder ; a rending or forcible separation. A-WaIT', v. t. Literally, to remain, hold, o>: stay. 1. To wait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for; to attend ; to be ready for. A-WaIT', n. Ambush ; a state of waiting for. — Spenser. A-WaITING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; expecting ; being ready or in store for. A-WaKE', v. t. ; pret. awoke, awaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax. geweccan, wacian, or weccan.] 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death or inaction ; to put into action, or new hie. A-WaKE', v. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state cf natural sleep. 2. To bestir, revive, or rouse from a state of inaction ; to be invigorated with new life. 3. To rouse from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. — Job, xiv. A-WaKE', a. Not .sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or action. A-WaON (a-wa'kn), v. t. and v. i. The same with awalta. — Syn. To arouse ; excite ; stir up ; call forth. A-WaK'M£D, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or mor- al sense. A-WaK'£N-ER, n. He or that which awakens. A-WaK'.EN-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep ; exciting ; awak- ing. A-WaK'EN-ING, n. Arerival of religion, or more general attention to religion than usual. A-WaK'.EN-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to awaken. A-WARD', v. t. [Scot, warde.] To adjudge ; to give by sen- tence or judicial determination; to assign by sentence. A-WARD' v. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an award. A-WARD', n. 1. A judgment, sentence, or final decision ; as, the awards of posterity. — 2. More particularly, the de- cision of arbitrators in a given case. 3. The paper cou- taining such a decision. A-WARD'ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence or by the decision of arbitrators. A-WARD'1'.R, n. One who awards, or assigns by sentenaw or judicial determination ; a judge. A- WARDING, ppr. Adjudging; assigning by judicial sei*- tence ; determining. A-WaRE', a. [Sax. gewarian.] 1. In early usage, guarded watchful; cautious. — 2. In modern usage, having previous knowledge of an event from information or probable evi dence. — Syn. Informed ; apprised ; conscious ; acquainted. A-WaRE', v. i. To beware ; to be cautious. — Milton. A- WARN', v. t. To warn, which see. — Spenser. A-WaY', adv. [Sax. aweg.] 1. Absent ; at a distance. 2. It is much used in phrases signifying moving, or going from. ; as, go away, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an exclama- tion, it is a command or invitation to depart ; away, that is, be gone, or let us go. 4. Away with has a peculiar signifi cation in the phrase, " I can not away with it' — ~*ai., i. The sense is, " I can not bear, or endure it." To make way with, is to_destroy. Away with him, denotes take him s.vryf. t A-WaY' WARD, adv. [Sax. aweg weard.] Away.- - Gowa AWE (aw), n. [Dan. ave.] 1. Fear mingled with admira tion or reverence ; reverential fear or veneration. « Fear; dread inspired by something great or terrific. See Sywpsis. A, E , I side by a branch with the stem, or by a leaf with the stem or branch. AX'ILE, a. Lying in the axis of any thing, as tne embrv of a seed. AX-IL'LA. n. [L.] In anatomy, the arm-pit. AX'IL-L AR, ) a. Pertaining to the arm-pit, or to the axi AX'IL-LA-RY, 3 of plants. Axillary leaves are those which proceed from the angle formed by the stem and brat-ch or the axilla. AX'IN-iTE, 7j. A mineral occurring in brilliant glassy crys tals, with thin and shai-p edges, something like an ax. It consists chiefly of silica, alumina, lime, and oxyd of iron. AX-LN'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. a \ivr) and uavrua.] A species ol divination, by means of an ax or hatchet AXIOM, 7i. [Gr. altiana.] 1. A self-evident truth, or a prop- osition whose truth is so evident at first sight, that no proe ess of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer. % An established principle in some art or science. AX-I-O-MATIC, ) a. Pertaining to an axiom ; having the AX-I-O-MAT'IC-AL, $ nature of self-evident truths. AX-I-O-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. By the use of axioms. AX'1-O-PIST-Y, 7i. Worthiness of being believed. AX'IS, 7i. ; pi. Ax'es. [L.] 1. The straight line, real or im- aginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may revolve. — 2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid. —3. In conic sections, a right line dividing the section into two equal parts, and cutting all its ordinates at right angles 4. In mechanics, the axis of a balance is that fine about which it turns. The axis of oscillation is a right fine par- allel to the horizon passing through the center, about which a pendulum vibrates. The axis in pcritrochio, or wheel and axis, is a mechanical power, consisting of a wheel concentric with a cylindrical axis, with which it revolves, the power being applied to the circumference of the wheel, and the weight to that of the axis. — 5. In optics, a partic- ular ray of light from any object falling perpendicularly on the eye ; called, also, the optic or visual axis. — 6. In architecture, spiral axis is the axis of a twisted column spi- rally drawn. Axis of the Ionic capital is a line passing per- pendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute. The axis of a vessel is an imaginary line passing through the middle of it, perpendicular to its base. — 7. In botany, axis is the central part or column of a plant, around which the other parts are disposed. — 8. In anatomy, axis is the name of the second vertebra of the neck ; it has a tooth which enters into the first vertebra, and this tooth is by some called the axis. — Encyc. AX'LE (ak'sl), \n. [Sax. cex and tree.] A piece of AX'LE-TREE (ak'sl-tre), $ timber, or bar of iron, fitted for insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the wheels turn. AX'O-LOTL, 7i. A water lizard found in the Mexican lake. AX-OTO-MOUS, a. [Gr. a\u)n and re^vu).] In mineralogy, having a cleavage with a single face, perpendicular to the axis. — Shepard. AX'SToNE, 7i. A light green mineral called jade, or nephrite, used by some savages for malting axes. AX'UNGE, ti. [L. axungia.] Hog's lard. — Vre. AY, ) (a'e), adv. [G. D. Dan. Svr.ja, pron. ya ; Fr. out] Yes, AYE, 5 yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative an- swer to a question. [The word is written I, in the old editions of Shakspeare.] A YE, adv. [Sax. aa, a, or awa.] Always ; ever ; continually ; for an indefinite time ; used in poetry. For aye, forever ; t AY'-GREEN, 7t. Houseleek.— Diet. 1YLE, ti. In law, a grand-father. AY ME, exclam. Used by Milton for ah me! a'Y-RY. See Aerie. AZA-ROLE, 7i. [Fr.] A species of thorn. AZ'I-MUTH, ti. 1. In astronomy, an arch of the horizon in- tercepted between the meridian of the place and the azi- muth, or vertical circle, passing through the center of any object. — 2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the horizon, in- tercepted between the azimuth, or vertical circle, passing through the center of any heavenly body, and the magnet- ic meridian. — 3. Azimuth compass, an instrument for find- ing either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of a heaven- ly object. — 4. Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon.— 5. Azimuths, or vertical circles, are great circles intersecting each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the horizon at right angles. AZ'I-MUTH-AL, a. Pertaining to the azimuth. A-Z5'I€, a. Wholly destitute of organic life. A-ZoTE', ti. [Gr. a, and ^cor/ or ^wtikos.] A species of gas, called azote from its destructive effects on animal life, and nitrogen, from its forming nitric acid when combined with oxygen. It exists, together with oxygen, in atmospheric air, and forms about 79 parts in 100 of it by volume. It enters into the composition of most animal substances, es- pecially of the animal fibre. f AZ'OTH, ti. 1. Among alchemists, the first principle, or the mercury of metals ; a universal medicine ; the uquor ol sublimated quicksilver ; brass. "DOVE ,— BUIiL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. BAB \ZC 1'IC, a. T »rtaining to azote ; formed or consisting of azote ; as, azMC gas. AZ'O-TlTE, n A name given by Thompson to a salt sup- posed by Da /y to be formed by the combination of nitrous oxyd wirh a base, and called by him nitroxic. AZ'O-TlZE, v. t. To impregnate with azote or nitrogen. AZ'0-TlZ.ED, pp. Impregnated with azote. AZ'O-TlZ-ING, ppr. Impregnating with azote. AZURE (azh'ur or a'zhur), a. [Fr. azur; Sp. azul, or azur; It. azzurro.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue color of the sky. AZURE (azh'ur or a'zhur), n. 1. The fine blue color of the sky. 2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In her- aldry, a blue color in coats of all persons under the degree of baron. — Jones. AZURE (azh'ur or a'zhur), v. t. To color blue. AZUR.ED (azh'urd or a'zhurd), a. Colored azure ; being of an azure color. — Sidney. AZURE-SToNE, n. Lapis-lazuli ; also, lazulite. AZ URE-T INT-ED, a. Having a tint of azure color. AZUR-lTE, n. Lazulite ; also, blue malachite. AZ'URN (azh'urn),a. Of a blue color. — Milton. [Littleused.) AZ'Y-GOS, a. [Gr. a^vyov.] In anatomy, not one of a pair." t AZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread. AZ'Y-MlTE, n. In Church history, a term applied to Christ- ians who administer the eucharist with unleavened bread. AZ'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and {vun.] Unleavened ; unferment- ed; as sea-biscuit. '8 BAC B, Bis the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso- nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and most other alphabets. It is a mute and a labial, being form- ed by pressing the whole length of the lips together, as in pronouncing eb. The Modern Greek B is always pro- nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre- sponds with the Greek. B A A (ba), n. The cry or appropriate bleating of sheep. BSA, v. i. To cry or bleat as sheep. Ba'AL, n. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri- ans, representing the sun. BAB'BLE, v. i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imperfectly or indistinctly, as children. 2. To talk idly or irrational- ly ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; hence, to tell secrets. — Shah. 4. To utter sounds frequently, incessant- Jy, or indistinctly. — Syn. To prate ; prattle ; chatter. BAB'BLE, v. t. To prate ; to utter. BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. — Shak. LAB'BLE-MENT, n. Idle talk; senseless prate; unmean- ing words. — Milton. BAB'BLER, n. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler ; a tell- er of secrets. BAB'BLING, ppr. or a. 1. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2. Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. — 3. In hunt- ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they have found a good scent. BAB'BLING,?!. Foolish talk. — Syn. Loquacity; talkative- ness. Ba.BE, n. [Ger. bube; Ir.baban.] An infant; a young child of either sex. Ba'BEL, n. [Heb.] Confusion; disorder. BaB'ER-Y, n. Finery to please a child.— Sidney. BaB'ISH, a. Like a babe; childish. — Ascham. B a B'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly. BaB'ISH-NESS, n. Childishness. BAB'LAH, n. The shell or rind of the fruit of the Mimosa cineraria. It contains gallic acid and tannin, and is used in dyeing drab. BAB-OON', n. [Fr. babouin.] A name applied to several of _the larger species of monkeys, having short tails. BaT.Y, a. Like a young child; pertaining to an infant. Ea 'BY, n. 1 . An iniant or young child of either sex ; a babe ; [used in familiar language.] 2. A small image in form of _an infant, for girls to play with; a doll. B.VBY, v. t. To treat like a young child.— Young. Ba'BY-I-IOOD, n. The state of being a baby.— Ash. EaTSY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls and babies. BI'BY-ISIl, a. .Like a baby; childish.— Bate. B A'BY-ISM, n. The state of being babyish. B AB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, ) a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon. 2. Like the BAB-Y-Lo'NISH, 5 language of Babel; mixed; confused. BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia.— In an- cient writers, an astrologer. BABYLON'IC, \a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made BAB-Y-LON'I€-AL, 5 there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly BAB-Y-LON1CS, n. The title of a fragment of the history of the world, by Berosus, a priest of Babylon. BAB-Y-ROUS'SA, n. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native of Celebes and of Buero. I^a'BY-SHIP, % Infancy; childhood. Reveling in intemperate drink- ing ; riotous ; noisy. Pertaining to reveling and drunk- BAC, ? n. [D. bnk, a bowl or cistern.] 1. In navigation, a BACK, > ferry-boat or praam. 2. A large tub or vessel used for holding liquors, ?t. [from Bacchus, Gr. Bwkxo?.] One BAC-CHA-NI'LI-AN, 5 who indulges in drunken revels ; a drunkard. BAC'CHA-NAL, BACGHA-NX'LI-AN, BAC-CHA-Na'LI-AN, enness. BAC-€HA-Na'LI-AN-LY, adv. In the manner of bacchanak. BAG'CHA-NALS, )n. pi. Drunken feasts, the revels ai BAC-CHA-Na'LI-A, 5 bacchanalians. — In antiquity, fiuatx in honor of Bacchus. BACCHANTE \ n ' ^ ma( * P r * est or priestess of Bacchus BACCHIC, a. 1. Jovial; drunken; mad with intoxication. 2. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine. BAC-CHl'US, n. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones ; as. avari. BACCHUS, n. The god of wine, and son of Jupiter by Semele, daughter of Cadmus. BAC-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. baccifer.] That produces berries, BAC-CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. bacca and voro.] Eating or sub- sisting on berries. BACH'E-LOR, n. [Fr. bachelier; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A young man who has not been married. 2. A man somewhat ad- vanced in years who has not been married ; often with the word old. 3. A person who has taken the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences. 4. A knight of the lowest order, or, more correctly, a young knight, styled a kiiighi bachelor. BACH'E-LOR'S-BUTTONS, n. A plant with a double flower ; a kind of ranunculus. BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, n. 1. The state of being a bachelor 2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a college or university. BACK, n. [Sax. bac, bcec] 1. The upper part of an animal, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. — In human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out- ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm. 3. As the back of man is the part on the side opposite to the face, hence, the part opposed to the front ; as, the back of a book. 4. The part opposite to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the back of a knife. C. The place behind or nearest the back ; as, the back of a city. 7. The outer part of the whole body, a part of the whole ; as, he has not clothes for his back.— 8. To turn the back on one, is to treat with contempt or forsake him. 9 To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior. 10. To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove, or be absent. 11. Behind the back, is in secret, or when one is absent. 12. To cast be- hind the back, in Scripture, is to forget and forgive, or to treat with contempt. 13. To plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. 14. To bow the back, is to submit to op- pression. BACK, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In a figurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station. 3. Behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for- ward ; as, to keep back a part. 4. Toward times or things past. 5. Again ; in return ; as, to give back. 6. To go or come back, is to return, either to a former pla:e or state. 7. To go or give back, is to retreat, to recede. BACK, v. t. 1. To mount; to get upon the back; some- times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support ; to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid ; as, to back a person in his cause. 3. To put backward ; to cause to re- treat or recede. 4. To back a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a warrant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender. 5. To back an anchor, is to carry out a small anchor ahead of a larger one, connecting the two by a cable, to lessen the strain. 6. To back tht sails, is so to arrange them as to take the wind out of them, with a view to check the progress of a ship. To back the oa- s, to row backward with the oars. 7. To back ihe field, m horse-racing, is to bet against a particular horse or horsea, that some one of all the other horses in the field will beat them. — Racing Calendar. BACK, v. i. To more or go back ; as, the horse refuse? to back. BACK'BlTE, v. t. To censure, slander, ;-.-ie ixiprarW abb 4. To prohibit , to restrain or ex- clude by -xjr'^ss or K; lied prohibition. 5. To obstruct, prevent, or hinder by Any intervening obstacle. 6. To ex- cept ; to exchide by exception. 7. To cross with stripes of a different col or. 8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an operation upon the bgs of a horse, to stop malignant hu- uiois. 9. To adorn with trappings ; a contraction of barb. BaRB, n. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it. 2. The down, or pubes, cov- ering the surface of some plants. 3. Anciently, armor for horses, made of leather set with iron spikes ; formerly, barbe or barde. 4. A common name of the Barbary pig- eon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a contraction. 6. The points that stand backward in an ar- row, fish-hook, or other instrument for piercing, intended to prevent its being extracted. — 7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth pointing backward, like the sting of a bee. B i-RB, v. t. 1 . To shave ; to dress the beard. — Shalt., [obs.] 2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse. — Milton. BaR'BA-€AN, n. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or outer defense to a city or castle. 2. A fort at the end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a fortress, through which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy. 1 BaR'BA-€ AN-A&E, n. Money paid to keep up a barbacan. EaR-BI'DI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Barbadoes. BaR-BI'DoES-CHER'RY, n. A tree of the West Indies, of the species malpighia, which bears an agreeable though art fruit. BaR-Ba'DoES-LEG, 7i. A disease of warm climates, char- acterized by a great enlargement and deformity of the leg ; the elephant-leg of the Arabians. BaR-Ba'D5ES TaR, n. A mineral fluid, of the nature of the thicker fluid bitumens. BaR-Ba'RI-AN, n. [L. barbarus; Gr. RapSapos.] 1. A man in his rude, savage state ; an uncivilized person. 2. A cruel, savage, bi-utal man ; one destitute of pity or human- ity. 3. A foreigner. BaR-Ba'RI-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; rude ; uncivil- ized. 2. Cruel; inhuman. BiR-BAR'IC, a. [h.barbaricus.] Foreign; imported from foreign nations. BaR'BA-RISM, n. [L. barbarismus.] 1. A form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of any language. 2. Ignorance of arts ; want of learning. — Dry den. 3. Rudeness of man- ners ; savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a savage state of society. — Spenser. 4. Brutality; cruelty; barbarity. BaR-BAR'I-TY, n. 1. The manners of a barbarian ; savage- ness ; cruelty ; ferociousness ; inhumanity. 2. Barbarism ; impurity of speech. BaR'BAR-IZE, v. t. To make barbarous. — Burke. f BaR'BAR-iZE, v. i. To commit a barbarism. — Milton. BaR'BAR-OUS, a. 1. In a state of barbarism ; unacquaint- ed with arts ; stranger to civility of manners. 2. Having the spirit of barbarians ; as, a barbarous decree. — Syn. Un- civilized; unlettered; uncultivated; untutored; ignorant; cruel; ferocious; inhuman; brutal. BaR'BAR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a barbarian ; ignorantly; without knowledge or arts; contrary to the rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious, or inhu- man manner. BiR'BAR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Rudeness or incivility of man- ners. 2. Impurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity ; barbarity. BXR'BA-RY, n. A Barbary horse ; a barb. BaR'BAS-TEL, n. A species of bat with bearded lips. BaR'BATE, I a. [L. barbatus.] In botany, bearded ; also, BaR'Ba-TED, 5 gaping or ringent. B iRBE, n. Armor of leather, for a horse, covered with sharp spikes.— Booth. In the military art, to fire in barbe is to fire_the cannon over the parapet. BiR'BE-€uE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole. —In America, an ox, or any large animal, dressed in like manner. Hence, also, a large social entertainment in the o»en air, at which animals dressed whole, and provisions oi other kinds, are consumed. BaRTBE-CuE, v. i. To dress and roast a hog whole; to roast any large animal whole. BXRBED. pp. or a. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded ; jagged with hooks or points. 3. Shaved or trimmed ; having the beard dressed. BaRBE-FkATH'EBS. n. pi. The feathers under the beak of a hawk. BaRB'EL, n. [L. barba.] 1. A fish of the genus cijprinus, having on its upper jaw four beard-like appendages ;' wnence the name. 2. A knot of superfluous flesh, grow- ing in the channels of a horse's mouth ; written also barbie, or barb. BXR.P/ER, n. [Persian barbr.] One whose occupation is to shave men, or to shave and dress hair. — Shak. BaRB'ER, v. t. To shave and dress hair.— Shak. 84 BAR Ba.RB'ER-€HI-RUR/6E0N, n. One who joins the practice of surgery with that of a barber, a practice now unusual a low practitioner of surgery. Ba.RB'ER_ED, pp. Dressed by a barber. t BaRB'ER-ESS, n. A female barber. BaRB'ER-M6N"GER, n. A man who frequents the barber' shop ; a fop. — Shak. BaR'BER-RY, n. [L. berberis.] A thorny shrub, bearing yellow flowers and a small red, acid fruit; called in Eng- land piper idge-bush. BaR'BET, n. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The name of certain climbing birds found in warm climates 3. A dog, so called from his long hair. BaR'BULE, n. A very minute barb or beard. — Bo-nh. BaR'CA-RELLE, n. A popular song or melody sung By Venetian gondoliers. BaB.D, n. [W. bardd.] 1. A poet and a singer among th* ancient Celts. 2. In modern usage, a poet. — Pope. BaRD, n. Armor of leather for a horse, 6tudded with sharp spikes. See Barbe. BAR-DASH, n. A boy kept for unnatural purposes. Rxr- dashing- occurs in Hudibras. BaRD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned. BXR-DES'A-NISTS, n. pi. A branch of the Gnostics of the second century, so called from Bardesanes of Mesopota- mia. They held to two Gods, one good, the other evil ; that Christ had only the semblance of a body, and did not die on the cross, with other gross heresies. BXRDTG, a. Pertaining to bards, or their poetry. BaRD'ISH, a. Pertaining to bards ; written by a bard. BaRD'ISM, n. The science of bards ; the learning and maxims of bards. — Owen. B1RE n. [Sax. bar, or beer.] 1. Naked ; without covering. 2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3. Plain ; simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined man- ners. 4. Laid open to view; detected; no longer con- cealed. 5. Poor ; destitute ; indigent ; empty ; unfur- nished. 6. Mere ; unaccompanied. 7. Thread-bare ; much worn. 8. Wanting clothes, or ill supplied with garments. — Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles when all the sail _is taken in on account of the wind. BaRE, v. t. [Sax. abarian.] To strip off the covering ; to make naked. t BaRE. _ The old preterit of bear, now bore. BaRE'BoNE, n. A very lean person. BaRE'BoN£D, a. Lean, so that the bones appear, or rather, so that the bones show their forms. BaRET>,jpp. Made bare ; made naked. BaRE'FaOED (-faste), a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not masked. 2. Undisguised; unreserved; without conceal- ment ; hence, shameless ; impudent ; audacious ; glaring. BaRE'FaOED-LY, adv. Without disguise or reserve ; open- ly; impudently. BaRE'FIGED-NESS, 7i. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda- ciousness. BIRE'FOOT, a. With the feet bare ; without shoes and stockings. BaRE'FOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare. BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare. BaRE'GNAWN (bare'nawn), a. Eaten bare. — Shak. BaRE'HeAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either from respect or other cause. BaRE'HeAD-ED-NESS, n. The state of being bareheaded. BaRE'LEGG-ED, a. Having the legs bare. BaRE'LY, adv. Nakedly ; poorly ; indigently ; without dec oration ; merely ; only ; without any thing more. BaRE'NECKED (-nekt), a. Having the neck uncovered. BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness ; leanness ; poverty ; indigence , defect of clothes. BaRE'PI-GK£D (-pikt), a. Picked to the bone.— Shak BaRE'RIBB£D, a. Lean.— Shak. BAR'ET, n. A cardinal's cap. BaR'FUL, n. Full of obstructions.— Shak. BaR'GAIN (bar'gin), n. [Fr. barguigner.) 1. An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property. 2. A gainful transaction; as, an excellent bargain. — Caicper. 3. Purchase, or the thing purchased. 4. The final result ; as, to make the best of a bad bargain. — Syn. Contract ; stipulation ; purchase ; engagement. BaR'GAIN, v. i. To make a contract or agreement. BaR'GAIN, v. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration. BaR-GAIN-EE', n. The party in a contract who receives or agrees to receive the property sold. BXR'GAIN-ER, n. The party in a contract who stipulates to sell and convey property to another. BaR&E (barj), n. [D. ba?gie.] 1. A pleasure-boat ; a vessel or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bottomed vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships. BaRGE'-BoARD, n. A term applied to inclined projecting boards placed at the gable of a building, and hiding tha horizontal timbers of the roof. BaR6E'-€6UP-LES, n. pi. In architecture, two beams mor- tised the one into the other, to strengthen the bui.ding. $e* Synopsis. A, K, I, appropriately, a ship which carries three masts without a mizzen top-sail. BARK, v. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs, when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur- sue with unreasonable clamor or reproach. BaRK, n. The peculiar noise made by a dog, wolf, nd earth, in order to obstruct the prog- ress of ?n enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction ; that which defends B4R-R1-€aDE', v. t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct. 3. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap- proach of an enemy. BAR RI-€a'DO. The same as barricade. BAR'RI-ER, n. [Fr. barriere.] 1. In fortification, a kind of fence made in a passage. — Encyc. 2. A wall for defense. 3. A fortress or fortified town on the frontier of a country. 4. Any obstruction; any thing which confines, or which hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation. BiR'RING, ppr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex- cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes. It is also used for excepting : as, " barring accidents, I war- rant the goods to be sound." The word thus used is truly a participle, though reckoned by some amoiig prepositions. BXR'RING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ; especially of a schoolmaster from his school-room, a boy- ish sport in the English schools. — Swift. BAR'RIS-TER, n. A'counselor, learned in the laws, quali- fied and admitted to plead at the bar. BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. berewe.] 1. A light, small carriage. A hand-barrow is a frame covered in the midi 1 " with boards, and bome by and between two men. A wheel-barrow is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel, and roiled by a single man. 2. A wicker case, in salt-works, where the salt is put to drain. BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. berga, or beorgh.] 1. In England, a hog ; and, according to Ash, obsolete. Barrow grease is hog's lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; [a word in common use.] BAR'PlOW. n. [Sax. beara, or bearewe.] In the names of places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove. BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound of earth, intended as a repository of the dead. PARSE, n. An English name for the common perch. BaR'-SHoE, n. A kind of horseshoe, designed to protect a tender frog from injury. BaR'SHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a half ball or round head at each end. BXR'TER, v. i. [Sp. baratar.] To traffic or trade, by ex- changing one commodity for another. BARTER, v. t. To give one thing for another in commerce. BARTER, n. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities. — Syn. Exchange ; dealing; traffic; truck; interchange. BARTERED, pp. Given in exchange. BaRTER-ER, n. One who traffics by exchange of com- modities. BaRTER-ING, ppr. Trafficking or trading by an exchange of commodities. t BARTER- Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade. B\R-THOL'0-MEW-TlDE, n. Time of the festival of St. Bartholomew, August 24th. — Shak. BaRTI-ZAN, n. A small overhanging turret, projecting from the walls of ancient fortifications. B'iRTON, n. [Sax. bere-ton.] The demain lands of a manor ; the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses. BiRTRAM, n. [L. pyrcthrum.} A plant; pellitory. B All' WOOD, n. A red dye-wood from Africa. BAli-Y-STRONTIAN-ITE, n. \Gv. (3„pvS, and stro?itian,] A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Ork- xey. It is a compound of carbonate of strontian and sulphate of baryta. B i RY'TA, n. [Gr. @apm, heavy.] The heaviest of the earths, the specific gravity being as high as 4. It is an oxyd ofbarytum, or barium. BA-Ry'TkS. n. [Gr. (iapvrns, weight] Sulphate of baryta, generally called heavy spar, which see. BA-RYTTG, a. Pertaining to barytes; formed of barytes, or containing it. — Kinoan. B.VRY'TO-GAL'CiTE, n. A compound of carbonate of lime with carbonate of barytes, of a dark, or b>ht-"ray color. o a j BAR'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. fapvs and rnvos.] Pertaining to. or noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. — Walker. BAR'Y-TONE, ??. 1. In music, a male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. 2. In Greek grammar, a word which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. BA-RY'TUM, n. A metal, the basis of baryta. See Barium. Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base. BA-SALT, n. A rock of igneous origin, consisting of the minerals augite and feldspar, with grains of magnetic or ■■ See Synopsis, a, E I &c , long.—l, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD titanic iron, and bottle-green particles of olivin. It is usu ally of a greenish-black color, or some dull brown shade or black. BA-SALTTG, a. Pertaining to basalt ; formed of or contain- ing basalt. BA-SALTI-FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar. BA-SALT'INE, n. 1. A variety of common h irnblenda found in basalt and lavas ; [the term it not now i sed.] 2. A column of basalt. BAS'A-NITE, n. [Gr. fiaoavos-] Lydian stone, or tiack jasper ; a varietv of siliceous or flint"- slate. BaS BLEUE' (ba-blew'), n. [Fr.] A nterary lady , a blue- stocking, which see. B1SE, a. [Fr. has, low; W. bas ; It. basso.] 1. Low in place, [obs.] — Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; that is low in value or estimation; used of things. 3. Of low station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti- mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit ; disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; dishonorable ; without dig nity of sentiment. 5. Of little comparative value; applied to metals. 6. Deep ; grave ; applied to soimds. 7. Of ille- gitimate birth ; born out of wedlock. — Shak. 8. Not held by honorable tenure. BASE, n. [Gr. PqoiS ; L.basis.] 1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support, or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedes- tal and the bottom of a shaft. — Encyc. 2. The part of any* ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4. The place from which racers or filters start ; the bottom of the field : the starting-post. 5. The lowest or gravest part in music. 6. A rustic play, called also bays, or prison bars. — 7. In ge- ometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure. — 8. In war, a fortified line from which the operations of an army proceed. — 9. In chemistry, that with which an acid unites to form a compound ; or, more exactly, the electro-posi- tive ingredient of a salt. — 10. In botany, the base of a leaf is the extremity next the stem ; the base of fruit is the part where it rests on the peduncle. — 11. Thorough base, in music, is continued base ; the fundamental base contin- ued throughout a composition. Also, the accompaniment of a continued base, marked by figiires on the base. The term is likewise used, like counterpoint, as synonymous with the science of harmony. BaSE, v. t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad- mixture of meaner metals. — Bacon, [little used.] 2. To found; to lay the base or foundation. — Edinburgh Review. BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of wedlock. 2. Born of low parentage. 3. Vile ; mean. BlSE'-GoURT. n. [Fr. bassc-cour.] The back yard, opposed to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm-yard. BaSjED (baste), pp. Reduced in value ; founded. BaSE'-HEaRT-ED (base'-hart-ed), a. Vile in heart. BaSE'LESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, or support. BaSE'LY, adv. 1. In a base manner; meanly; dishonora- bly. 2. Elegitimately ; in bastardy. BaSE'MENT, n. In architecture, the ground floor of a build- ing, which is often sunk a story below the level of the street. BaSE'-MIND'ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean. BaSE'-MiND'ED-LY, adv. With a base mind. BaSE'-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Meanness of spirit. BaSE'NESS, 7i. 1. Meanness ; vileness ; worfhiessness. 2- Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little compara tive value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4. Deep- ness of sound. BAS'E-NET, n. A helmet.— Spenser. BaSE'-SoULED (base'-sold), a. Vile in soul. BaSE'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. Low in courage ; mean ; cowardly. BaSE'-STRING, n. The string of an instrument wnich produces the lowest note. BaSE'-Vi-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing the base, or gravest part. See Bass-Viol. BASH, v. i. [Heb. tj*l*2-] To be ashamed ; to be confounded with shame. — Spenser. BA-SHAW', n. [Ax.basha; Pers. pasha; Sy.baxa; It. bascia, Turk, basch.] 1. A title of honor in the Turkish domin- ions ; appropriately, the title of the prime vizier, but given to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to generals, and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyrannical, over- bearing man. BASHFUL, a. 1. Properly, having a downcast look ; hence, very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; diffident ; sheepish. 3. Exciting shame. BASH'FUL-LY, adv. Very modestly ; in a timorous man- ner. BASH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty ; a quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as id blushing, a downcast look, contusion, ifec. 2- Vicious oi rustic shame. BASH'LESS, a. Shameless ; unblushing.— S]*enscr. BAS 81 BAS BASTIf LE. See Basyle. Ba'SIC a. 1. Relating to a base ; performing the office of a base in a salt. 2." A term applied to a neutral salt in which the base is in excess, or constitutes a large propor- tion of the salt- -Kane. Ba'SI-Fi-ER, n. That which converts into a salifiable base. Ba'SI-Fy, v. l. To convert iukO a salifiable base. Ba'SJ-Fy-ING, ppr. Converting into a salifiable base. BAS-I-gYN'I-UM, n. [Gr. (jaats and yvi/77.] The pedicel on which the ovary ol certain tlowers is situated. BaS'IL, n. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as of a chisel or plane. BA S'lL, v. t. To grind or form the edge of a tool to an angle. BAS'IL, 71. [Fv.^ basilic; It. basilico.] A highly aromatic plant, allied to thyme, used in salads and soups, especially in mock-turtle soup, which derives from this pot-herb its peculiar flavor. — Farmer's Encyc. BAS'IL, n. The skin of a sheep tanned ; written also basan. BASiL-AR, )a. [Sec Basilic] Chief ; an anatomical term BAS'lL-A-RY, 5 applied to several bones, and to an artery of the brain. BA-SIL'IAN M6NKS, monks of the order of St. Basil. BA-SIL'IC, In. [Gr. j3aai\iKri.] Anciently, a public hall, BAS-IL'I-€A, j or court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to administer justice. The term basilica is now applied to some of the great churches of Rome. BA -SIL'i€, ) 11. The middle vein of the arm, or the in- BA-S'L'I-CA, 3 terior branch of the axillary vein. BA-SIjl.'1-G, ~) a. 1. Belonging to the middle vein of the BA-SIL'I€-AL, ) arm. 2. Noting a particular nut, the wal- nut. 3. Being in the manner of a public edifice, or ca- thedral. BA-SIL'I-CON, n. [Gr. QaaiXiKos.] An ointment. BAS'I-LISK, n. [Gi\ fimthioicos-] 1. A fabulous serpent, called a cockatrice. The term is now applied to the spe- cies of a genus of lizards (basilicas). — 2. In military affairs, a large piece of ordnance, so called from its supposed re- semblance to the serpent of that name, or from its size. BAS'IL-WEED, n. Wild basil, a slightly aromatic plant of the genus chenopodium. — Muhlcnburg. Ba'S/N (ba'sn), n. [Ft. bassin.] 1. A "hollow vessel or dish, to hold water for washing and for various other uses. — 2. In hydraulics, any reservoir for water. 3. That which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond. — 4. In geology, a depression in strata, forming a hollow. — 5. In physical geography, a circular or oval valley ; also, the en- tire tract of country drained by some river. — 6. Among glass grinders, a concave piece of metal, by which convex glasses are formed. — 7. Among hatters, a large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, in which the hat is molded into due shape. — In anatomy, a round cavity between the anterior ventricles of the brain. — 9. The scale of a balance, when hollow and round. Ba'S/N.ED (ba'snd), a. Inclosed in a basin. — Young. Ba'S7N-SHaP'.ED (-shapt), a. Having the form or shape of a basin. BI'SIS, n. ; pi. Bases. [L.] 1. The foundation of any thing ; that on which a thing stands or lies ; the bottom or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. [See Base.] 2. The ground-work, or first principle ; that which sup- ports. 3. Foundation ; support. 4. Basis, in chemistry. See Base. Ba'SIST, n. A singer of base. BASK, v. i. To lie in warmth ; to be exposed to genial heat; to be at ease and thriving under benign influences. BASK, v. t. To warm by'continued exposure to heat ; to warm with genial heat. — Dryden. BXSKiSD (baskt), pp. Exposed to warmth or genial heat. BASKET, n. [W. basged, or basgawd.] 1. A domestic ves- sel made of twigs, rushes, splinters, or other flexible things interwoven. 2. The contents of a basket ; as much as a basket will contain. BiSK'ET. v. t. To put "n a basket. — Cowper. BaSK'ET-FISH, 71. A species of sea-star, or star-fish. BI S K'ET-HILT, n. A hilt of a sword which covers the hand with a kind of basket-work, and defends it from injury. BaSK'ET-HILTED, a. Having a hilt of basket-work. BaSK'ET-SALT, n. A very pure kind of salt, put up in small baskets. BaSK'ET-WOM'AN, 71. A woman who carries a basket to and from market. BaSK'ING, ppr. Exposing or lying exposed to the contin- ued action of heat or genial warmth. BaSK'ING-SHaRK, n. The sun-fish of the Irish, a large species of shark inhabiting the northern seas. BSS'QLTSH (bask'ish), a. Pertaining to the people or lan- guage of Biscay. BaS-RE-LIeF' (ba-re-leef). See Bass-relief. BaSS, n. fit has no plural.] The name of several species of fish, much esteemed for food. BaSS, v. 1. The American name of the linden, lime, or tiel tree ; calleu aiso bass-wood. 2. [pro. bas.] A hassock or tiick mat on which persons kneel at church. BaSS, n. In music, the base ; the lowest part in the harm ny of a musical composition. This word is thus vvrittep in imitation of the Italian basso, which is the English bas n low ; yet with the pronunciation of bass and plural base.? , an error that ought to be corrected, as the word used h\ pronunciation is the English word base. BaSS, v. t. To sound in a deep tone. — Shah. BISS-RE-LIkF' (bas-re-leef). n. 'It. basso and relievo., Sculpture whose figures do not stand out far from lb.* ground .or plane on which they are formed. When t.% ures do not protuberate so as 10 exhibit the entire bod? they are said to be done in relief and when they are low flat, or little raise 1 from the plane, the work is said to he, in low relief. When the figures are so raised as to be strikingly prominent, they are said to be bold, strong, cr high, alto relievo. See Relief. BaSS'-Vi-OL (base'-vi-ol), n. A musical instrument, used for playing the bass or gravest part. BAS'SA. See Bashaw. BAS'SET, n. [Fr. bassctte.] A game at cards. BAS'SET, v. i. Among coal-diggers, to incline upward, as strata. BAS'SET, a. Inclined upward ; as, me basset edge of strata. BAS'SET-HORN, n. A musical instrument resembling a clarinet, but of much greater compass. BAS'SET-ING, ppr. Having a direction upward. BAS'SET-ING, n. The upward direction of a vein in a coal mine. BAS-SET'TO, n. A tenor or small base-viol. BAS'SIN-ET, 71. A wicker basket, with a hood over one end, in which infants are placed, as in a cradle.™ Encyc. oj Dom. Econ. BASS-MAT, n. Matting made of the inner bark of trees, particularly the lime-tree. BAS'SOGK, n. The same as bass, a mat. BASSOeON-CERT-AN'TE. In music, the base of the lit- tle chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece BASSO-GOX-TIN'U-O. Thorough base, which see under Base. BAS-SOON', n. [Fr. basson.] A musical wind instrument, blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, which are stopped as in other large flutes. BAS-SOON'IST, n. A performer on the bassoon. BAS'SO-RE-LIE'VO. See Bass-relief. BASSO-RE-PI£'I\ r O is the base of the grand chorus, which plays only occasionally, or in particular parts. BAS'SO-RlNE, ?i. A substance found in gum bassora, and also in gum trasacanth and some other substances. BASSO-Vi-O-LfNO is the base of the base-viol. BAST, n. 1. The inner bark of the lime-tree ; and hence matting or cordage made of this material. 2. A hassock or thick mat to kneel on in churches. — Ashe. BASTARD, n. [Arm. bastard ; Ir. basdard ; Fr. bdtard.] A natural child ; a child begotten and bom out of wedlock ; an illegitimate or spurious child. t BASTARD, n. A kind of sweet wine.— Sluik. BASTARD, a. 1. Begotten and born out of lawful matri. mony ; Ulegitimate. 2. Spurious ; not genuine ; false ; supposititious ; adulterate ; counterfeit. BAST ARD, v. t- To make or determine to be a bastard. BASTARD-ISM, ?t. The state of a bastard. BAS'TARD-IZE, v. t. 1. To make or prove to be a bastard ; to convict of being a bastard ; to declare legally, or decide a person to lie ille~gitimate. 2. To beget a bastard. — Shah. BASTAR.D-LY, adv. In the manner of a bastard ; spurious- ly. — Donne. BAS'TARD-LY, a. Spurious.— Bp. Taylor. BASTARDS, n.pl. An appellation given to a faction or troop of bandits, who ravaged Guienne, in France, in the 14th century. BASTARD-WING, n. In ornithology, a term applied to from three to five quill-like feathers rising from the middle part of a bird's wing. BAS'TARD-Y, n. A state of being a bastard, which condi tion disables the person from inheriting an estate. BAS-TARN'I-G, a. Pertaining to the Bastarnce.—Bastar^nic Alps.the Carpathian Mountains, so called from the ancient inhabitants, the Bastarna. BASTE, v. t. [Arm. baz ; Fr. baton.] 1. To beat with a stick. 2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon the spit, in roasting ; to moisten with fat or other liquid. BaSTE, v. t. [Sp. bastear.] To sew with long stitches; to sew slightly. BaST'ED, pp. Beat with a stick ; moistened with fat or oth- er matter in roasting ; sewed together with long stitches, or slightly. t BaSTER, 71. A blow with a stick or other weapon.— Wagstaff. BAS'tiLE (bas'teel). n. [Fr. bdtir, bastir.] An old casZle ia Paris, built between 1369 and 1363, used as a state prison. It was demolished in 1789. f BAS'TI-MENT-O \ «■ bastument.] A rampart 1>6VE —BULL. -UNITE ;— AN'GER. VT'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH bjsSII ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. BAT BAT BA S-T 1 -V a DE', ) 7t. [Fr . bastonnade. | A sound beating with FAS-T HVDO, 5 a stick or cudgel; the blows given with H stick c c staff. A punishment in use among the Turks, of seating An offender on the soles of his feet. B ASTI-N^T>o' } V - tm T ° ^'^ With a StiGk ° r cudgeL Ba STING ppr. Bearing with a stick ; moistening with drip- ping : se wing together with long stitches. BaSTING n. A beating with a stick; a moistening with dripping; a sewing together slightly with long stitches. BAS'TION (bas'chun), n. [Fr. and Sp. bastion.] A huge mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with brick or stones, standing out from the angles of a fortified work to defend the wall ; formerly called a bulwark. BAS'TO, n. The ace of clubs at quadrille. B ASTON, } n. In architecture, a round molding in the base BA-TOON', > of a column ; called, also, a tore. BAS'yLE, 7i. [Gr. fiaais and fjAr/.] In chemistry, a term re- cently employed to denote any electro-positive ingredient of a compound, whether elementary or compounded, per- forming the functions of an element. The term radical has the same meaning. See Radical. BAT, n. [Sax. bat.) 1. A heavy stick, broad at the lower end. and used to strike the ball in the game of cricket. 2. Bat or bate, a small copper coin of Germany. 3. A term given by miners to shale, or bituminous shale. 4. A sheet of cotton prepared for quilting into garments, bedding, &c. BAT, v. i. To manage a bat, or play with one. BAT, n. A mammiferous animal {cheiroptera, a hand and wing), having a body resembling that of a mouse. The fore feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expand- ed into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. The species are numerous. BaT'A-BLE. a. Disputable. BAT-aRD-EAU (bat-ard-o'), n. [F.] A coffer-dam, which see._ BA-Ta'TAS, n. A species of tick or mite. BA-Ta'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Holland, or the isle of Betaw in Holland. BA-Ta'VI-AN, n. A native of Betaw, or Holland. r AT'-FOWL-ER, n. One who practices or is pleased with ;>at-f o wlin g. — Barringto n. BAT-FOWL-ING, n. A mode of catching birds at night, by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or perch where they roost. BAT'-HaUNT-ED, a. Haunted with hate.— Wordsworth. BATCH, n. [D. balczel.) 1. The quantity of bread baked at one time ; a baking of bread. 2. Any quantity of a thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities. BATCH'E-LOR. See Bachelor. BaTE, n. [Sax. bate.] Strife ; contention ; retained in make- bate. [Bate, with its derivatives, is little used.] BITE, v. t. [Fr. battre.] To lesson by retrenching, deduct- ing, or reducing. We now use abate. BaTE, v. i. To grow or become less; to remit or retrench a part. — Dry den. BA-TEAIT (bat-toO, n. [Fr.] A light boat, long in propor- tion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the ends. r lUTE'-BREED-ING, a. Breeding strife.— Shak. BaTE'FUL, a. Contentious ; given to strife. EaTE'LESS, a. Not to be abated.— Shak. R aTE'MENT, n. Abatement ; deduction ; diminution. fHTEN-ITES ") B AT'EN ISTS ' \ n ' ^" ^ sect °* a P ostates from Moham- BA-Tf/NI-ANS, S medism - tBAT'FUL, a. Rich, fertile, as land. — Mason. BXTH. n. [Sax. bath, batho.] 1. A place for bathing; a vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash their bodies in, and is either warm or cold. 2. A place in which heat is applied to a body immersed in some substance ; as, amporbath, a s . - AI-'iV V, 50/K." BAW 89 BE eggs, salt, &c, beaten together with some liquor, used in cookery. BATTERED (baf terd), pp. Beaten; bruised; broken; im- paired by beating or wearing. BATTER-ER, n. One who batters or beats. BATTER-IN G, ppr. Beating; dashing against ; bruising or demolishing by beating. BATTER-ING-RAM, to. In antiquity, a military engine used to beat down the walls of besieged places. BATTER- Y, n. [Fr. batterie.] 1. The act of battering or bearing. 2. The instrument of battering. — 3. In the mil- itary art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners, and others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with the guns employed. — 4. In law, the unlawful beating of another. — 5. Electrical battery, a number of coated jars placed in such a manner that they may be charged at the same time, and discharged in the same manner. — 6. Gal- vanic battery, a pile or series of plates, of copper and zinc, or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action. BATTING, n. The management of a bat at play. BATTING, n. Cotton, in sheets, prepared for quilts, &c. BATT1SH, a. Resembling a bat— Vernon. BATTLE, n. [Fr. bataille.] 1. An encounter between ene- mies, or opposing armies. 2. A body of forces, or division of an army. — Syn. Engagement ; fight ; contest ; conflict ; combat. BATTLE, v. i. [Fr. batailler; Sp. batallar.] To join in bat- tle ; to contend in fight. BATTLE, v. t. To cover with armed force. BATTLE-AR-R1Y', n. Array or order of battle; the dis- position of forces preparatory to a battle. BATTLE- AX, n. An ax anciently used as a weapon of war. BATTLE-DOOR (baftl-dore), n. 1. An instrument of play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to strike a ball or shuttle-cock ; a racket. 2. A child's horn-book. [Not in use in 17. S.] BATTLE-MENT, n. A wall raised on a building with open- ings or embrasures, or the embrasure itself. BATTLE-MENT-ED, a. Having battlements. BATTLE ROY'AL, n. A fight with fists or a club, in wnich more than two persons are engaged. The term is also applied to a fight of more than two game cocks at once. — A pitched battle is one in which the armies are previous- ly drawn up in form. — A drawn battle is one in which nei- ther party gains the victory. BATTLING, n. Conflict.— Thomson. BAT-TOL'O-GlST, n. One who repeats the same thing in speaking or writing. [Little used.] BAT-TOL'O-GlZE, v. t. To repeat needlessly the same thing. — Herbert. [Little used.] BAT-TO L'O-gY, to. [Gr. (3aTTo\oyia.] A needless repetition of words in speaking. BATTON, n. The same as batten, which see. BATTO-RY, to. Among the Hanse- 1'owns, a factory or mag- azine in foreign countries. BAT'TuE, n. [Fr.] A beating up of game ; the game beat- en up. BATTU-LITE, v. t. To interdict commerce. BAT-TU-La'TION, n. A prohibition of commerce. BAT-Tu'TA, n. [It.] The measuring of time by beating. BATTY, a. Belonging to a bat— Shak. BaTZ, n. A small Swiss coin, worth about four cents, or two pence sterling. BAU-BEE', to. In Scotland and tlie North of England, a half- penny. BAU'BLE, n. A trifling piece of finery; a gewgaw; that which is without real value. See Bawble. BAUgE, to. A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with thread spun thick, and of coarse wool. SAULK. See Balk. BAV'A-ROY, to. A kind of cloak or surtout BAVIN, 71. A stick like those bound up in fagots ; a piece of waste wood. — In war, fagots of brush-wood. BAW'BLE, n. 'Fr. babiole.] A trifling piece of finery ; a gewgaw ; that which is gay or showy without real value. For fool's bawble, see Fool. t-BAWB'LING, a. Trifling ; contemptible.— Shak. BAW'-€0€K, to. A fine fellow.— Sluik. BAWD, n. A procurer or procuress. A person who keeps a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. BAWD, v. i. 1. To procure ; to provide women for lewd purposes. 2. To foul or dirty.— Skelton, [not in use.] 3AWD'-BORN, a. Descended from a bawd.— Shak. SAWD'I-LY, a*. Obscenely; lewdly. B^WD'I-NESS, to. Obscenity ; lewdness. BAWD'RICR, to. [See Balde.ick.1 A belt— Chapman. BAWD'RY, to. 1. The practice of procuring women for the gratification of lust. 2. Obscenity ; filthy, unchaste lan- guage. 3. Illicit intercourse ; fornication. — Shak. •MWTDY, a. Obscene ; filthy ; unchaste. BAWDY-HOUSE, to. A house of prostitution. BAWL, v. i. [Sax. bellan.] To cry out with a loud, full sound ; to hoot ; to cry loud, as a child. BAWL, % l. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier BAWL'ED, pp. Proclaimed by outcry. BAWL'ER, to. One who bawls.— Ecliard. BAWL'ING, ppr. Crying aloud. BAWLING, to. The act of crying with a loud sound. BAWn' S v ' tm T ^° a< * orn > t0 dress. — Westmoreland, Eng. t BAWN, to. An inclosure with mud or stone walls for keej ing cattle ; a fortification. BAWREL, to. A kind of hawk.— Todd. BAW'SIN, to. A badger. — Ben Jonson. BAX-TE'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Baxter. BaY, a. [Fr. bai or baie.] Red, or reddish ; inclining to a chestnut color ; applied to the color of horses. BaY, to. [Fr. baie ; Sp. Port, bahia.] 1. An aim of the sea extending into the land, not of any definite form, bu« smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. 2. A pond- head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driv- ing mill-wheels. — 3. In a barn, a place between the floor and the end of the building, or a low, inclosed place for depositing hay. Brande. — 4. In ships of war, that part on each side between decks which lies between the bitts. 5. _Any kind of opening in walls. BaY, n. 1. The laurel-tree. 2. Bays, in the plural, an hon- orary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory, anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. — 3. In some parts of the Un ited States, a tract of land cov ered with bay- trees. — Drayton. BaY, to. At bay ; to keep at bay, denotes to ward off an at tack ; to keep an enemy from closing in ; watching ; as, to keep a man at bay. [When a stag turns upon the dogs he keeps them at bay or barking [see To Bay], since they dare not close in upon him ; hence comes the meaning oi the phrase, viz., to ward off an attack ; to keep an enemy from closing in. — Rich. Diet.] BaY, v. i. [Fr. aboyer ; It. baiare.l t. To barft. as a dog at his game. — Spenser. 2. To encompass, or inclose, from bay. We now use embay. BaY, v. t. To bark at ; to follow with barking. BaY'-BER-RY, n. The fruit of the bay-tree. In some parts of the United States the name is applied to the fruit of the wax-myrtle, and to the plant itself. BaY'-BER-RY TALToW, to. A waxy substance obtained from the bay-berry, or wax-myrtle ; called, also, myrtle wax. BaY'-RUM, to. A spirit obtained by distilling the leaves of the bay-tree. BaY'-SALT, n. Salt which crystallizes or receives its con- sistence from the heat of the sun or action of the air. BaY'-TREE, 7i. A species of laurel. BaY'-WIN'DOW, to. A window jutting out from the wall, as in shops. BaY'-YaRN, to. A denomination sometimes used piomia- cuously with woolen yarn. — Chambers. BaY'ARD, 7i. 1. A bay horse. — Philips. 2. An unmannerly beholder. — Ben Jonso7i. BaY'ARD-LY, a. Blind; stupid.— Taylor. BaY£D, a. Having bays, as a building. BaYO-NET, n. [Yr.baionctte; Q^.bayoneta ; It. baionettai so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were made at Bayonne.] 1. A short pointed, broad dagger, fixed at the end of a musket. 2. In maclmiery, a term applied to pins which play in and out of holes made to receive them, and which thus serve to engage or disengage parts of the ma- chinery. BaYO-NET, v. t. 1. To stab with a bayonet 2. To compel or drive by the bayonet. — Burke. BAY'OU (by'oo), to. [Fr. boyau, a gulf. J In Louisiana, the outlet of a lake ; a channel for water flowing out of a rivei into the lower country adjoining. Bay!'e.}^ Baize - BA-ZaR', ) n. [Pers. ; Russ. bazari.] 1. In the East, an ox- BVZaAR', 5 change, market-place, or place where goodn of various kinds are exposed to sale. — 2. In Europe, a spa- cious hall or suite of rooms, fitted up with separate ccrunt- ers or stands, for the sale of goods. BAZ'AT, ?to. A long, fine-spun cotton from Jerusalem, BAZ'A, 5 whence it is called Jerusalem cott07i. BDELL'IUM (del'yum), ?i. [L.] A gum-resin, produced by a tree in the East Indies. It is semi-ppnucid, and not unlike myrrh in appearance, of a bitterish taste, and moderately strong smell. BE, v. L substa7itive ; -p-pv.being; pp. beat. [Sax. beon i G.bin, bist; D. ben.] 1. To be fixed; to exist; to have a real state ( r existence. 2. To be made to be ; to become. 3. To remain. This verb is used as an auxiliary in forming the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to them the passive form. — Let be, is to omit, or to let alone. BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bede.r.k, is the same word as by; Sax. be, big ; Goth. bi. It denotes nearness, closeness, about on. at from some root signifying to pass or to press. D(W£ ;— BU LL, UNITE ;- -AN"GER, V TCIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as In tAu? f Obsolete. liEA 90 BE A 3SA0 I w fha jhore of the sea, or of a lake, which is wnsliej t« the -de ai.d waves; the strand. BkACKKD (b«echt), a. 1. Exposed to the waves ; washed by the tide and waves.— Shalt. 2. Stranded or driven on a Leach ; as. the ship is beached. Bf A CH'Y, a. Having a beach or beaches.— Shak. Be A €ON (fce'kn), n. [Sax. beacen, beccn ] 1. A signal erect- ed on an eminence, consisting of a pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at night, or to cause a smoke by day, to make known the approach of an enemy. 2. A signal erected on rocks or shoals to warn of danger. Hence a light-house is sometimes called a beacon. 3. Fig- uratively, that which gives notice of danger. BfiA'-GON, v. t. To afford light as a beacon ; to light up. BeA'-(3C>N-A6E (be'kn-aje), n. Money paid for the mainte- nance of a beacon. — Encyc. — Ash. BeA'€«9N-jGD (be'knd), pp. or a. Lighted as by a beacon ; haviDg a beacon. BE AD, 7i. [Ger.bethe; Sax. bead.] 1. A little perforated ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn about the neck for ornament. 2. Any small globular body ; hence a bub- ble on spirits is called a bead. 3. A small piece of metal on a gun-barrel to take sight by. — Among Roman Catholics, a string of beads is used in saying prayers, a bead being dropped at the close of each Pater Noster ; hence, to be at one's beads, or to tell one's beads, is to be at prayer. — 4. In architecture, a round molding. BeA'DLE, n. [Sax. bydel, or bcedel.] 1. A messenger or crier of a court ; a servitor ; one who cites persons to appear and answer. 2. An officer in a university, whose chief business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a public procession; or, as in America, before the president, trustees, faculty, and students of a college. 3. A parish officer, whose business is to punish petty offenders. BeA'DLE-SHIP, n. The office of a beadle. BeAD'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes beads. BeAD'-PROOF, a. Spirit is bead-proof when, after shaking, a crown of bubbles will stand on the surface. BeAD'-RoLL. n. Among Roman Catholics, a list or catalogue of persons, for the rest of whose souls they are to repeat a certain number of prayers; which they count by then- beads. BeAD'-TREE, n. The azedarach, a species of melia. BeADS'-MAN, n. A man employed in praying, generally in praying for another, dropping a bead at each prayer. BeADS'-WoM'AN, n. A praying woman ; a woman who resides in an alms-house. — Ash. BeA'GLE (be'gl), re. [Fr. biglc.] A small hound, or hunting dog, formerly kept to hunt hares. They are now chieily superseded by harriers. BEAK, n. [D. bek.] 1. The bill or nib of a bird. 2. A point- ed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a beak, Kiitened to the end of ancient galleys, intended to pierce the vessels of an enemy. 3. Any thing ending in a point, like a beak. This, in America, is more generally pronounc- ed peak. BeAK, v. t. Among cock -fighters, to take hold with the beak. Be AK'ET) (beekt), a. Having a beak ; ending in a point, like a beak. BeAK'ER, n. [Ger. bechcr.] A cup or glass. BeAK'i-RON (beekl-urh), n. Abickern; an iron tool, end- big in a point, used by blacksmiths. BeAL. n. A pimple; a whelk; a small inflammatory tu- mor , a pustule. BeAL, v. i. To gather matter , to swell and come to a head, as a pimple. BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.\ 1. The largest, or a principal piece of timber in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to support the principal rafters. 2. Any large piece of timber. 3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended. 4. The part on the head of a stag which bears the antlers, royals, and tops. 5. The pole of a carriage, which runs between the horses. 6. A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weav- ers wind the warp before weaving; and this name is given ako to the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove. 7. The straight part or shank of an anchor.— 8. In ships, a great, main, cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship from falling together. A ship is on her beam ends when thrown over on one side till the beams of the deck stand upright. 9. The main piece of a plow, in which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn. BEAM, n._ [Sax. beam.] A collection of rays emitted from the sun, or other luminous body. 8£AM, v. i. To send forth ; to emit : followed ordinarily by forth ; as, to beam, forth fight. &KAM. v. i. To emit rays of light, or beams, to shine. BEAM'S!), a. The head oi'a stag is said to be beamed when all its antlers are put forth. bEAM'-Biitf) n. A small European bird, which often builds its nest on the end of a beam or rafter in a building . also called the spotted tly-catcher. — Ed. Encyc. I Be AM-Fe ATH'ER (-fefh'er), n. One of the long feataere ia the wing of a hawk. — Booth. Be AM'-FILL'ING, n. The tiffing in of mason-work between beams or joists. BEAMING, ppr. or a. Emitting rays of fight, or beams. BEAMING, n. 1. Radiation ; the emission or darting of light in rays. 2. The issuing of intellectual fight ; as, the beam- ings of genius. BeAM'LESS, a. Emitting no rays of light. BeAM'-TREE, n. 1. A species of wild-service. The crat& gus aria. 2. A tree bearing a very tough wood, used fol beams. BeAM'Y, a. 1. Emitting rays of light ; radiant; shining. 2. Resembling a beam in size and weight ; massy. 3 Ilav ing horns, or antlers. BEAN, n. [Sax. bean.] A well-known kind of pulse, which _is among the most nutritious of vegetable productions. BeAN'-€a-PER, /i. A plant, a species of zygophylhtm, a na tive of warm climates. BeAN'-GOD, n. A small fishing vessel or pilot-boat. BeAN'-FED, a. Fed with beans.— Shak. BeAN'-FLy, n. A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color. BeAN'-GOOSE, 7i. A species of anas, a bird. Be'AN'-TRe'FOIL. The cytisus.— Earn, of Plants. BEAN'-TRES-Si'L, n. An herb. BEaR (bare), v. t. ; pret. bore : pp. bom, borne. [Sax. baran, beran, beoran.] 1. To support ; to sustain, as a weight. 2. To carry ; to convey ; to support and remove from place to place. 3. To wear ; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction ; as, to bear a sword. 4. To keep afloat, as a ship. 5. To support or sustain without sinking or yield- ing ; to endure. 6. To entertain ; to carry in the mind as ill-will. 7. To suffer ; to undergo. 8. To suffer with- out resentment, or interference to prevent ; to have pa- tience. 9. To admit or be capable of; as, the words will bear but one meaning. 10. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the young of animals. 11. To give birth to, or be the native place of. 12. To possess ami use as power ; to exercise. 13. To gain or win, [obs.] 14. To carry on, or maintain ; to have ; as, to bear a part. 15. To show or exhibit ; to relate ; as, to bear witness. 16. To sustain the effect, or be answerable for. 17. To sustain, a.= expense ; to supply the means of paying. 18. To be the object of. 19. To behave ; to act in any character. — Shah. 20. To remove; or to endure the effects of; and, hence, to give satisfaction for. To bear off, is to restrain ; to keep from approach ; and, in seamanship, to remove to a distance. — To bear down, is to impel or urge ; to overthrow or crush by force. — To bear down upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come up with. — To bear hard, is to press or urge. — To bear on, is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite, or animate. — To bear through, is to conduct or manage , to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to the end; to defend to the last. — To bear up, to support; to keep from filling. — To bear vp, to keep afloat. — To bear date, is to have the mark of time when written or execu- ted. — To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To bear a hand, in SMmaiiship, is to make haste, be quick. — To bear in hand, is to carry along with one, and hence, to de- lude with uniounded hopes. — Shak. BEaR, v. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ; to endure. — LYyden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit- ful 4. To press, with on ; as, to bear heavily on the spir- its. 5. To take effect; to succeed. 6. To act in any character. 7. To be situated as to the point of compass. 8. To relate or refer to, with on ; as, how does this bear on the question ? 9. To have weight on the neck, as oxen attached to the neap of a cart. 10. To convey intelli- gence, as letters. — W. Scott. To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a ship, when close-hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and make her run before the wind. — To bear up, is used in a lika sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the wind, ward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To bear in, is to run or tend toward.— To bear up, is to tend or move toward ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. — To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To bear against, to approach for attack or seizure.- To bear %pt n, to act upon ; "to be pointed or situated so as to affect . hence, figuratively, to operate or press ; as, to bear hard upon an antagonist. — To bear with, to endure what is uu- pleasing ; to be indulgent. BEaR, n. [Sax. bera; Ger. bar.] 1. A wild quadruped, of the genus ursus. 2. The name of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called the greater and Ze.sv*? bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is the pdle-star.- Bears and bulls, cant terms applied to persons who gam- ble in stocks. The bear contracts to deliver, at a specified future day, stock which he does not own ; the bull con tracts to take it. Hence, in the intervening time, it is the interest of the former to depress stocks, as the bee. £ub down with his strong paws, and of the latter to rai?'. - Set Synopsis A. E, I, &c, long.—t, E, I. <&}., shorl.—FUl, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— i MAIiiENE, BiRD ;"— Mt> T F BOOK BEA 91 BE1 them, as the bulL throvi « upward with his horns When Me day arrives, the loser pays the difference between the ■^rice of stock then and before. BE IR, >?t. A kind of barley, cultivated in Scotland, and BE RE, j the north of England and Ireland, called also big, but less esteemed than the common sort. BEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne ; tolerable.— Ed. Rev. BEaR'A-BLY, adv. In a bearable manner. — Westm. Rev. BEaR-BaIT'INU, ii. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. REaR'-BER'RY, n. A medicinal plant, the uva ursi. BEaR'-BiND, n. A species of bind-weed. BEaR'-€LOTH, )n. A cloth in which a new-born 3EaR'ING-GLOTH, 5 child is covered when carried to church to be baptized. BEa.R'-FLY, n. An insect. — Bacon. BEaR-GaR-DjEN, n. 1. A place where bears are kept for sport or fighting. Hence, 2. A rude, turbulent assembly. BEaR'-GaR-D.EN, a. Rude ; turbulent.— Todd. BEaR'-HERD, n. A man who tends bears.— Mail. BEaR'S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursinc, or acanthus, a genus of plants. BEa.R'S'-eAR, n. A name of primula auricula. IJEaR'S'-eAR SAN'I-€LE, n. A species of cortusa. BEaR'S'-FOQT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore.. BEaR'S'-GReASE, n. The fat of bears, an article extens- ively used for promoting the growth of hair. BEaR'S'-W6RT, n. A plant— Shak. BEXR'-WHELP, n. The whelp of a bear.— Shak. * BEARD (beerd), n. [Sax. beard ; D. baard.] 1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips, and adjacent parts of the face. A gray beard and reverend beard, are terms for old age. 2. Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 5. The beard or chuck of a hot-se, is that part which bears the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted toward that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems to direct it. 7. The gills or breathing organs of the oyster, and other bivalves, are vulgarly called the beard ; and also the fine threads or hairs of the muscle and similar shell-fish. * BEARD (beerd), v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize, pluck, or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set at defiance. * BeARD'-GRXSS, n. A plant, the andropogon. * BeARD'ED (beerd'ed), a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed or jagged, as an arrow. * Be ARD'ED (beerd'ed), pp. Taken by the beard ; opposed to the face. •BeARDTNG (beerd'ing), ppr. Taking by the beard; op- posing to the face. *BeARD'LESS (beerdless), a. Without a beard; young; not having arrived to manhood. *BeARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being destitute of beard. BEaR'ER, it. [See Beak,] 1. In a general sense, one who bears, sustains, or carries. 2. One who carries a package or letter, often called the bearer. 3. One who bears a corpse to the grave, at a funeral. 4. One who wears any thing, as a badge or sword. 5. A tree or plant that yields its fruit. — 6. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends of a piece of timber, to support it.— 7. In herald- ry/, a figure in an escutcheon, placed by the side of a shield, and seeming to support it. SEaR'ING, ppr. Supporting; carrying; producing. BEARING, n. 1. The manner in which a person~bears or conducts himself.— Shak. 2. The situation of an object, with respect to another object ; hence, relation, connec- tion ; as, the bearings of a subject. — 3. In architecture, the distance or length which the ends of a piece of timber rest upon, or are inserted into the wall which supports it. Bearing of a timber, the length or distance from one of its points of support to another. — 4. In navigation, the situa- tion of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee-quarter, used for salad — Ash - BEE'TLE, n. [Sax. Mtl or bytl, a mallet ; betel, the insect, beetle.) 1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to drive wedges, &c, having one, two, or three handles, for as many men to use it. — 2. In zoology, the popular name of a genus of insects, the scarabceus, of many species. This term is popularly applied to all insects with hard or shelly wing-cases. BEE'TLE, v. i. To jut ; to be prominent ; to hang or ex- tend OUt. BEETLE-BROW, n. A prominent brow. BEETLE-BROW.ED, a. Having prominent brows. BEETLE-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow.— Scot. BEETLE-HEAD-ED (be'tl-hed-ed), a. Having a head like a beetle ; dull ; stupid. — Shak. BEETLE-STOCK, n. The handle of a beetle. BEETLING, ppr. or a. Jutting ; being prominent. BEEVES, n.,plu. of beef. Cattle; quadrupeds of the bovine genus, called, in England, black cattle. BE-FALL', v. t.; pret. befell; part, befallen. [Sax. beftellan.] To happen to ; to occur to. It usually denotes ill. BE-FALL'. v. i. To happen ; to come to pass. BE-FALL'£N (be-fawlnO, pp. Fallen on. BE-FALL'ING, ppr. Happening to ; occurring to ; coming to pass. n. That wluch befalls. BE-FELL', pret. of befall. BE-F1T', v. t. To suit ; to be suitable ; to become. BE-FIT'TTNG, ppr. or a. Having the quality of fitness or 3E-G propriety. — Syn. Fit ; becoming ; suitable ; meet ; decent ; appropriate. BE-FLATTER, v. t. To flatter much. BE-FbAM', v. t. To cover with foam. [Little used.) BE-FOGG.ED (be-fogd'), a. Involved in a fog.— Irving. BE-FOOL', v. t. To fool ; to infatuate ; to delude. BE-FOOL'£D (be-foold'), pp. Fooled; deceived; led into error. BE-FOOLTNG, ppr. Fooling ; making a fool of; deceiving ; infatuating. BE-FoRE', prep. [Sax. before, or beforan.] 1. In front; on the side with the face, at any distance ; used of persons. 2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, re- spect. 3. In sight of; as, before the face. 4. In the pres- ence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction. 5. In the power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess ; free to the choice. 6. In front of any object. 7. Preced- ing in time. 8. In preference to. 9. Superior ; preceding in dignity. 10. Prior to ; having prior right ; preceding in order. 11. Previous to ; in previous order ; in order to. 12. Before the wind, denotes in the direction of the wind and by its impulse. BE-FoRE', adv. 1. In time preceding. 2. In time preced- ng to the present, or to this time ; hitherto. 3. Further onward in place, in progress, or in front. 4. In front ; on the fore part. BE-FoRE'ClT-ED, a. Cited in a preceding part. BE-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In a state of anticipation or pre- occupation ; often followed by with. 2. Antecedently ; by way of preparation or preliminary ; aforetime. 3. In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been received than expended. 4. At first ; before any thing is done. BE-FoRE'MEN-TIONiSD, a. Mentioned before. \ B E-FoRE'-TlME, adv. Formerly ; of old time. BE-FORTUNE. v. t. To happen to ; to betide. BE-FOUL', v. t. [Sax. befylan.} To make foul; to soil. BE-FRIEND' (be-frend'), v. t. To favor ; to act as a friend to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit. BE-FRIEND'ED, pp. Favored; countenanced. BE-FRIEND'ING, ppr. Favoring ; assisting as a friend ; showing kindness to. BE-FRINgE' (be-frinj'), v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to adorn as with fringe. BE-FR1Ng'£D (be-frinjd'), pp. Adorned as with a fringe. BE-FURR.ED (be-furd'), a. Covered with fur. BEG, ? ft. [the Turks write this word begh, or bek, but pro- BEY, 5 nounce it bey (ba).l In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a town or district; more particularly the lord of a sangiac or banner.— In Tunis, the beg, or bey is the prince or king, answering to the Dey of Algiers. BEG, v. t. 1. To ask. earnestly, or with humilityr 2. To ask or supplicate in charity. 3. To take for granted ; to as- sume without proof; as, to beg the question. — Syn. To intreat ; solicit ; implore ; supplicate ; beseech ; petition ; crave ; request ; ask. BEG, v. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to live by aski. g alms. BE-GET', v t. pret. begot, begat; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax. begetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to gener- ate. 2. To produce, as an effect ; to cause to exist ; to generate ; as, to beget strife. BE-GET'TER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father. BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged.— Butler. BEG'GAR, n. 1. One who lives by asking alms, or makes it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates with humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who assumes in ar- gument what he does not prove. BEG'GAR, v. t. 1. To reduce to beggary; to impoverish. 2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust ; as, " to beg- gar all description." BEGGAR-MaID, n. A maid who is a beggar. — Shak BEG'GAR-MAN, .n. A man who is a beggar. — Shak. BEG'GAR-WoM-AN, n. A female beggar.— Shak. BEG'GARiSD, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty. BEG'GAR.-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of beggary. BEG'GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean- ness ; extreme poverty. — Barret. BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean ; poor ; in the condition of a beg- gar ; extremely indigent. — Shak. [ Used of persons and things.] BEG'GAR-LY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably. BEGGAR'S LlCE, n. The name of an obnoxious weed (Echinaspernum Virginicum), having a bur-like fruit, or nuts, furnished with hooked prickles, which fastens on those who pass by. BEG'GAR- Y, n. A state of extreme indigence. BEGG.ED, pp. Entreated ; supplicated ; asked in charity. BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming without proof. BEG'GING, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of asking alms. A German word, denoting one who BE-GUaRDS', 5 begs hard, or with importunity ; applied formerly to some of the Franciscan and other mendicant orders of Rome. The name was also given to certain classes of persons distinguished for the frequency and fervor of their prayers. BE-GILT', a. Gilded.— Ben Jonson. BE-GIN', v. i. ; pret. began; pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin nan, and beghman.] 1. To have an original or first exist- ence ; to come into existence. 2. To do the first act ; to enter upon something new ; to take the first step. BE.-GIN', v. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the first ground ; to lay the foundation. — Syn. To commence ; originate ; enter upon ; set about. BE-GIN'NER, n. 1. The person who begins. 2. One who first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one who is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner. BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon ; commencing ; giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin. BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause ; origin. 2. That which is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance into being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials. t BE-GIN'NING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning. BE-GiRD', v. t. ; pret. begirt, begirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax be gyrdan.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To pur- round ; to inclose ; to encompass. 3. To besiege.— To begirt, used by Ben Jonson, is a corrupt orthography. BE-GiRD'ED, ) pp. Bound with a girdle ; surrounded ; in- BE-GtRT. > closed; besieged. BE-GIRD'ING, ppr. Binding with a girdle ; surrounding ; besieging. BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province in the Turkish empire, next in dignity to the grand-vizier. His province is called beglerbeglic. tBE-GLOOM', v. t. To make gloomy; to darken.— Bad- cock. BE-GNAW' (be-nawO, v. t. [Sax. begnagan.] To bite or gnaw • to eat away ; to corrode ; to nibble. 1 BE-GOD', v. t. To deify.— More. BE-GONE' (pro. nearly be-gawn'). Go away; depart. These two words have been improperly united. Be retains the sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle. BE-GoR'.ED, a. Besmeared with gore. BE-GOTTJEN S VP ' of get " Procreated > generated. t BE-GRaVE', V t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury. 2. To engrave. — Gower. BE-GR1ASE', v. t. To soil or daub with grease, or otlnr oily matter. BE-GR,lME', v. t. To soil with dirt deep impressed, so that the natural hue can not easily be recovered. — Shak. BE-GRiM'iSD (be-grimd'), pp. Deeply soiled. BE-GRlM'ER, n. One who begrimes. BE-GRUDgE' (be-grudj'), v. t. To grudge ; to en"y the pos session of. BE-GRUDg'.ED (be-grudgd'), pp. Having excited envy BE-GRUDG'ING, ppr. Envying the possessii a of. See Synops* I, E, I, &c, long.—X ft. 1. &a, short.— FUR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;- M,' VI BOQK, BEH 95 BEL BE-GUlLE'(be-gfle') v. t. 1. To impose en by artifice or craft. 2. To elude by craft. 3. To elude any thing disa- greeable by amusement, or other means ; to pass pleas- ijugly^— Syn. To delude; deceive; cheat; insnare; amuse. BE-GUlL'UD (be-gild'), pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled by craft ; eluded by stratasem ; passed pleasingly. BE-GUlLE'MENT, n. Act of beguiling or deceiving. BE-GUlL'ER (be-giler), n. He or that which beguiles or deceives. BE-GUlL'ING, ppr. or a. Deluding; deceiving by craft; eluding by artifice ; amusing. BE-GUIL'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to deceive. BE-GUILTT (be-gil'te), v. t. To render guilty.—- Sanderson. [A barbarous word.] BE-GUiNE' (ba-geen 1 ), n. One of a congregation of half nuns in Flanders. Similar societies of males were called beghards or beguins. See Beghard. Be 'GUM, \n. In the East Indies, a princess or lady of BE'GAUM, 5 high rank.— Malcom. BE-GUN', pp. of begin. Commenced ; originated. BE-HaLF' (be-haf 7 ), n. [Sax. behefe.] 1. Favor ; advantage ; convenience ; profit ; support ; defense ; vindication ; as, to speak in behalf of some one. 2. Part ; side ; noting substitution, or the act of taking the part of another ; as, to appear in behalf of a client. BE-HAP'P^EN (-hap'pn), v. i. To happen to.— Spenser. BE-HaVE', v. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain : to govern ; to subdue. [This sense is obsolete.] 2. To carry; to con- duct ; used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves himself manfully. BE-HIVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and in a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill. BE-H1V.ED (be-havdO, pp. Conducted. BE-Ha V'ING, ppr. Carrying; conducting. BE-Ha VIOR (be-hav'yur), n. Manner of behaving, whether I good or bad ; conduct ; manners ; carriage of one's self, with respect to propriety, or morals : deportment. — To be upon one's behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct. The modern phrase is, to be, or to be put, upon one's good behavior. Judges hold their offices during good behavior, i. c, while they conduct with integrity and fidelity. — Syn. Deportment ; condxict ; demeanor ; carriage ; manner ; address ; breeding. BE-HkAD' (be-hed'), v. t. To cut off" the head; to sever the head from the body with a cutting instrument. BE-H£AD'ED (be-hed'ed), pp. Having the head cut off. BE-HeAD'ING (be-hed'ing), ppr. Severing the head from the body. BE-HeAD'ING (be-hedSng), n. The act of separating the head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation. BE-HELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see. f- BE-HEL', v. t. To torture as with the pains of hell. — Hewyt. BeTIE-MOTH, n. [Heb. nlGriS.] Authors are divided in opinion as to the animal intended in Scripture by this name ; some supposing it to be an ox or elephant, and others the hippopotamus, or river-horse. It seems to unite some of the peculiar characteristics of all ; and nence, some consider it as a kind of type or representa- tion of the largest land animals, under the general name of behemoth, which is a plural, denoting, literally, beasts. — Kitto. Be'HEN, ~in. A plant. The belt en of the shops, or white BEN. \ behen, is spatling poppy. Red bchen is sea- BEK'EN. ) lavender. BE-HEST', n. [be, and Sax. hcesc] Command ; precept ; injunction ; charge ; mandate. f BE-HlGHT' (he-hite'), v. t. ; pret. bchot. [Sax. behetan.] To promise; to intrust; to call, or name; to command; to adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon. BE-HlND', prep. [Sax. behindan.] 1. At the back of anoth- er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in the rear. 3. Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis- tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a person ; on the other side. — Behind the back, in Scripture, signifies out of notice, or regard; overlooked; disregarded. BE-HlND', adv. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited tc view ; remaining ; as, there is still much evidence be- hind 2. Backward ; on the back part ; as, to come behind. 3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid. 6. Remaining after the departure of; as, to be left behind. BE-HIND'HAND, a. InaiTear; in an exhausted state; in a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them. In popular use, a state of pc verty. Behindhand with, de- notes I ehind in progress. tJE HoLD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax. behealdan, beheol- don.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention ; to observe with care. 2. To look upon : to see. — Syn. To look upon ; consider; eye; view; contemplate, observe.; regard ; attend to. BE-HoLD', ?;. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob- ject. 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to direct or fix the mind. BE-HoLD'£N (be-hol'dn), pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in grat- itude ; indebted. BE-HoLD'ER, n. One who beholds ; one who looks upon, or sees. — Syn. Spectator . observer ; witness ; looker on. BE-HoLD'ING. ppr. 1. Fixing the eyes upon ; looking on ; seeing. 2. Fixing the attention ; regarding with attention 3. Obliged. A mistaken use of the word" for beholden.— 4. n. Obligation. — Carew, [not used.] t BE-HoLD'ING-NESS, n. The state of being obliged. BE-PI6N'EY, v. t. To sweeten with honey.— Sherwood. BE-HOOF', n. [Sax. behofian.] 1. Need ; necessity. Hence. 2. In present usage, that which is advantageous ; advan tage ; profit ; benefit. BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful ; profitable. BE-HOOVE' (be-hoov'), v. t. [Sax. behofian.] To be neces- sary for; to be fit for; to be meet for, with respect to necessity, duty, or convenience. It may, perhaps, be sometimes used intransitively ; as, let him behave as it be hooveth. BE-HOOVE'FUL (be-hoov'ful), a. Needful ■ useful; profit able ; advantageous, t BE-HOOVE'FUL-LY (be-hoov'tul-ly), aav. Usefully; prof itably. t BE-HOOVE'LY, a Profitable.— Gower. t BE-HOT', pret. of behight. BE-HoVE' (be-hoov'), and its derivatives. See Behoove t BE-HOWL', v. i. To howl at.— Shale. BEING, ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state. Be'ING, n. 1. Existence ; a particular state or condition 2. A person existing. 3. An immaterial, intelligent exist ence, or spirit. 4. An animal ; any living creature, t Be'ING-PLaCE, n. An existence.— Spenser. BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so; or of permission, let it be so. — Shak. t BE-JaDE', v. t. To tire.— M ilton. TBE-JaFE', v. t. To lauah at; to deceive. — Chaucer. BE-JES'U-IT, v. t. To initiate in Jesuitism.— Milton. f BE-KISS', v. t. To kiss or salute. — Jonson. t BE-KNaVE', v. t. To call knave.— Pope. t BE-KNoW (be-no'), v. t. To acknowledge. — Chaucer. BE-La'BOR, v. t. To ply diligently; to beat soundly; to thump. — Dryden. BE-L1CE', v. t. 1. To fasten, as with a lace or cord. 2. Tr beat ; to whip. BE-LaC'-ED (be-lasteO, a. Adorned with lace. — Beaumont t BE-L AM', v. t. To beat ; to bang. t BEL'A-MOUR, n. [Fr. bel-amour.] A gallant; a consort. — Spenser. t BEL'A-MY, n. [Fr. bel-ami.] A good friend • an intimate — Spenser. 1 BE-LaTE', v. t. To retard or make too late. BE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Benighted ; abroad late at night. 2. Too late for the hour appointed or intended; later than the proper time. BE-LaT'ED-NESS. n. A being too late.— Milton. t BE-LaVE', v. t. To wash. t BE-LAW'GlVE, v. t. To give a law to.— Milton. BE-LaY', v. t. 1. To block up, or obstruct. 2. To place in ambush. 3. To adorn, surround, or cover. 4. In seaman ship, to fasten, or make fast, by winding a rope round a cleat, kevil, or belaying-pin. BE-LaY'£D (be-lade'), pp. Obstructed ; ambushed ; made fast BE-LaY-ING, ppr Blocking up ; laying an ambush ; mat- ing fast. BE-LaYTNG-PIN, n. A strong pin in the side of a vessel, or by the mast, around which ropes are wound, when they are fastened or belayed. BELCH, v. t. [Sax. bealcan.] 1. To throw or eject wind from the stomach with violence. 2. To eject violently from within ; as, to belch forth curses. BELCH, v. i. [Sax. bealcan.] 1. To eject wind from th-a stomach. 2. To issue out, as by eructation. BELCH, n. 1. The act of throwing out from the stomach, or violently from within ; eructation. 2. A cant name for malt liquor. BELCH.ED (belcht), pp. Ejected from the stomach, or from a hollow place. BELCHING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep, hollow place. BELCH'ING, n. Eructation.— Barret. BEL'DAM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in contempt, or as a cant term.] 1. An old woman. — Shak. 2. A hag. — Dryden. BE-LeA'GUER (be-le'ger) v. t 'Ger belagern.] To surround with an army, so as to preclude escape. — Syn. To block up; besiege; environ; invest; encompass. D6 VE ;- -BIJL L, UNITE ; -AN'GER, VI "CIOUS.— € as K ; -DICT'lNE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet BEN-E-DI€T'iNES, n. pi. An order of monks, who profess to follow the rules of St. Benedict. In thr canon laio, they are called black friars. BEN-E-DIC'TION, n. [L. benedir.tio.] 1. The act of blessing ; a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his favors : a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or kind winh- es, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a*solcran or affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ; express 1 of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by blessing. 4. The form of instituting an abbot answering to the conse- cration of a bishop. t BEN-E-DICTIVE, a. Tending to bless ; giving a blessing. — Gauden. BEN-E-FACTION, n. [L. benefacio.] 1. The act of confer- a benefit 2. A benefit conferred, especially a ehari- ™& — • table donation. BEN-E-FAC'TOR, n. BEN-E-FAC'TRESS, BO'E-FICE, a. [L. He who confers a benefit. n. A female who confers a benefit beneficium.] 1. Literally, a benefit, ad DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE;— AN"GER, VI"C10US.— -G as K . 6 as J G as Z ; BH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. BEIS 98 vab tage ;r kindness. But, in present wage, an ecclesiastic- al living interior to that of a bishop. 2. In the middle ages, benefice was used for a fee, or an estate in lands. BEN'E-FXOED (beu'e-fist), a. Possessed of a benefice or church preferment. — A uliffe. + BEN'E-FlCE-LESS, a. Having no benefice. BE-NEF'I-CENCE, rt, [h. benefice ntia.] The practice of doing good ; active goodness, kindness, or charity. BE-NEF1-CENT-, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind- ness and charity. — Syn. Bountiful ; bounteous ; fiber al ; munificent: generous; charitable. BE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, adv. In a beneficent manner. BEN-E-Fl"CIAL (ben-e-fish'al), a. 1. Conferring benefits ; contributing to a valuable end. 2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advantage, use, or benefit ; as, the bene- ficial proprietor of an estate. — Syn. Advantageous ; use- ful ; profitable ; helpful. tBEN-E-Fl"CIAL, n. A benefice.— Spenser. BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-LY,ac2u. Advantageously ; profitably ; help- fully. BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness. BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY (ben-e-fish'a-ry), a. [L. beneficiarius.] Holding some office or valuable possession in subordina- tion to another. BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY (ben-e-fish'a-ry), n. 1. One who holds a benefice. 2. One who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by charity. BEN-E-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. Kindness or favor bestowed. BEN-E-FrcIENT, a. Doing good.— Adam Smith. BEN'E-FIT, n. [L. beneficium ; Fr. bienfait.\ 1. An act of kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. That which is useful or beneficial ; a word of extensive use, and expressing what- ever contributes to promote prosperity and happiness. 3. A performance at a theater, the proceeds of which go to one of the actors as part of his recompense. The term is also applied to a performance for the benefit of some indi- gent, deserving person, or some public institution or chari- ty. — 4. In law, benefit of clergy. [See Clergy.] — Syn. Ad- vantage ; profit ; service ; use •, avail. BEN'E-FIT, v. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance in health or prosperity. BEN'E-FIT, v. i. To gain advantage ; to make improvement. BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit. BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining ad- vantage. tBE-NE'GRO, i'. L To make extremely dark. — Haoyt. tBE-NKME', v. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise ; to give. tBE-NEMP'NE. v. t. To name.— Spenser. BE'NE PLACI-TO. [It] In music, at pleasure. tBEN-E-PLAC'I-TURE, n. [L. bencplacitum.] Will ; choice. — Glanville. tBE-NET, v. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare. BE-NEV'O-LENCE, n. [L. benevolentia.] 1. The disposition tc do good ; the love of others, accompanied with a desire to promote their happiness! 2. An act of kindness ; good done ; charity given. 3. A species of contribution or tax, nominally a gratuity, but in tact illegally exacted by arbi- trary kings "of England. — Syn. Love; kindness ;' good- will ; goodness ; tenderness ; affection ; charity ; benigni- ty ; generosity. BE-NEV'O-LENT, a. [L. beuevolens.} Having a disposition to do good; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness. — Syn. Kind ; af- fectionate ; tender ; loving ; charitable ; generous ; hu- mane. tBE-NEV'O-LENT-NESS, n. Benevolence. tBE-NEV'O-LOUS, a. Kind; friendly; benevolent. BE-NEV'O-LENT-LY, adv. In a kind manner ; with good will. BEN-GAL', n. 1. That portion of Hindostan which lies on the lower part of the River Ganges. 2. A thin stutf, made of silk and hair, for women's apparel ; so called from Bengal. BEN'GAL-LlGHT, n. A species of fire-works, used as sig- nals by night or otherwise, producing a steady and vivid blue-colored fire. BEN'GAL STRIPES, n. A kind of cotton cloth, covered with colored stripes. BEN-GAL-EE', n. The language or dialect spoken in Bengal. BEN-GAL-eSE', n. sing, and pi. A native, or the natives of Bengal. — As. Res., vii., 171. BE-NlGHT, v. t. 1. To involve in darkness ■ to shroud with the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night. 3. To in- volve in moral darkness or ignorance ; to debar from in- tellectual light. BE NlGHTED, pp. or a. Involved in darkness, physical or moral ; overtaken by the night. BE-NlGN' (be-mne ; ), a. [L. benignus.] 1. Having qualities or dispositions which tend to produce good ; having a sal- utary influence; [applied to persons and things.}— Syn. Kind ; propitious ; favorable ; salutary ; gracious ; whole- some : liberal ; generous. BE-NKi'NANT, a. Kind, gracious; favorable. * See. Syitopsis, a, k, i, &c, long —X, £, i, & c, short.— F'IrTfALLTwHAT !; -PREY ;— MAR WE, JliRD j XOVR, BOOK BEJEL BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart ; kind- ness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ; benefi- cence. • 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that which tends to promote health. — Wiseman. BE-NIGN'LY (be-ninely), adv. Favorably , kindly ; gra- ciously. BEN'I-SON (ben'e-zn), n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing; benediction. [Nearly antiquated.] BEN'JA-MIN, n. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called, also, spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or, rather, a balsam. Set Benzoin. BEN'NET, 7i. The herb bennet, or avens ; known in botany by the generic term geum. BEN'NET-FISH, n. An African fish of two feet in length. BENT, pp. or a., from bend. Incurvated ; inflected ; in( Uned . prone to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. - Bent on, having a fixed inclination. BENT, n. 1. The state of being curving, or crooked , flex- ure ; curvity. 2. Declivity ; as, the bent of a hill — J&y den, [unusual.] 3. A leaning or bias of mind. 4. Flexion . par ticular direction. 5. Application of the mind. — Syn. Incline tion ; tendency ; disposition ; prepossession ; fixed purpose. BENT, in. LA land of grass, called ifi botany BENT'-GRaSS, 5 agrostis. 2. A withered stalk of grass.' BENT'ING-TlME, n. The time when pigeons feed onbenta, before pease are ripe. BE-NUMB' (-num), v. t. [Sax. beniman, benyman ; pp. benum* en.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of sensation. 2. To stupefy ; to render inactive. BE-N UMB'JED (benumd'), pp. Rendered torpid ; deprived of sensation; stupefied. BE-NUMB'ED-NESS, n. Destitution of feeling.— Smith. BE-NUMB'ING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupefying BE-NUMB'MENT, n. Act of benumbing— Kirby. BEN'ZO-aTE, 7i. A salt formed by the union of the benzoic acid with any salifiable base. BEN-ZOTG, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, or flow- ers of benzoin, is*, peculiar vegetable acid, obtained from benzoin and other balsams by sublimation or decoction BEN-ZOIN', ) 7i. Gum benjamin ; a fragrant, concrete rea- BEN'JA-MIN, 5 inous juice, flowing from the styrax benzo- in, a tree of Sumatra, &c. BEN'ZULE, n. A compound of carbon, hydrogen, and ox- ygen, regarded as the base of benzoic acid ; [also spelled benzyle.] BE-PaINT, v.t. To paint ; to cover with paint. — Shak. [Lit tie used.] 1 BE-PaLE', v. t. To make pale. — Carew. BE-PINCH', v. t. To mark with pinches. BE PINGHT {PP- Marked with pinches. — Chapnu.ni. BE-PLaIT'ED, a. Plaited.— Mrs. Butler. BE-POW'DER, v. t. To powder ; to sprinkle or cover with powder. BE-PR1ISE'. v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. BE-PU€K'ER£D, a. Puckered. BE-PUFF'£D (be-puff), a. Puffed. BE-PUR'PLE, v. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color. BE-QUeATH', v. t. [Sax. becweetlum.] 1. To give or leave by will ; to devise some species of property by testament Hence. 2. To hand down to posterity ; as, to bequeath a family quarrel. BE-Q.U KATH'JED (be-kweeflid'), pp. Given or left by will. BE-UUkATH'ER, n. One who bequeaths ; a testator. BE-QUEATHTNG, ppr* Giving or devising by testament BE-OUeATH'MENT, n. The act of bequeathing ; a bequest. BE-QUEST, n. Something left by will ; a legacy. BF-QUoTE', v. t. To quote frequently, t BE-RaIN', v. t. To rain upon. — Chaucer. BE-RaTE', v. t. To chide vehemently ; to scold. BE-RATTLE, v. t. To fill with rattling sounds or noise. — Shak. t BE-RaY', v. t. To make foul; to soil.— Milton. BER'BE-RIN, n. A yellow, bitter principle, contained in the alcoholic solution of the extract of the barberry plant BER'BER-RY, n. [L. berberis.] See Barberry. BeRE, n. The name of a specif? of barley in Scotland. BE-REAVE', v. t.; pret bereaved, bereft; pp. bereaved, bereft. [Sax. bercafia7i.] 1. To deprive ; to strip ; to make desti- tute; with of before the tiling taken away. 2. To tsko away from. — Shak. BE-REA \"E~D (be-reevd'), pp. or a. Deprived ; stripped, and left destitute. BE-Re AVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, pi rticibirly by the loss of afriend by death. BE-ReAV'ER, n. He who bereaves. BE-ReAV'ING, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving. BE-REFT, pp. of bereave. Deprived; made destitute. BER-EN-Ga'RI-ANS, n. pi. A sect in the eleventh century, named from Berengarius. who denied the doctrine of transubstantiation. t BERG, 7i. [Sax. beorg.] A borough; a town that sends burgesses to parliament ; £> castle.- -Ash. Ste Burg. BES 99 BES BERG'A-MOT, n. [Fr. bergamotte.] 1. A variety of pear. 2. A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from the citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with bergamot 5. 5. A coarse tapestry. BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck; a duck that breeds in holes under cliffs ; the sheldrake. tBERG'E-RET, n. [Fr. berger.] A song.— Cliaucer. BERG'MAN-iTE, n. A variety of scapolite, found in Nor- way. BERG'MaS-TER, n. [Sax. beorg, and master.] The bailiff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners. BERG'MOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding controversies between the miners. BE-RHyME', v. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used hi contempt. — Sliak. *BER'LIN, n. A vehicle of the chariot kind. BERLIN BLUE, n. Prussian blue. BER-LU€'CIO, n. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow- hammer, but less, and more slender. BERME, n. 1. In fortification, a space of ground of three, four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and the moat or foss. — 2. In canals, the slanting bank of a canal on the side opposite the towing-path; called, also, the bermc-bank. BER'NA-GLE. See Barnacle. BER'NARD-iNE, a. Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the monks of the order. BER'NARD-iNES, n. pi. An order of monks, founded by Robert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St Bernard. tBE-ROB', v. t. To rob.— Spenser. BER'O-E, n. An oceanic animal of the Medusa family, hav- ing an oval or globular body, of a transparent, gelatinous consistence. This is one of the animals that produce the phosphorescence of the ocean. BER'RIiL'D (ber'rid), a. Furnished with berries. BER'RY, n. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy fruit, con- taining naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A mound, [for barrow.\ BER'RY, v. i. To bear or produce berries. BER'RY -BEaR-ING, a. Producing berries. BER'RY-FORMED, a. Formed like a berry.— Smith. BERT, n. [Sax. bcorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word enters into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ; as, Egbert, Sigbert. See Bright. BERTH, n. 1. A station in which a ship i-ides at anchor, comprehending the space in which she ranges. 2. A room or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers or men mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleeping, at the sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammock, or a repository for chests, &c. 4. A place or employment. BERTH, v. t. To berth, in seamen's language, is to allot to each man a place for his hammock. BER'THI-ER-lTE, n. [from M. Berthier.] A dark, steel-gray ore of antimony, consisting of antimony, iron, and sulphur. BERTRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant. BER'YL, n. [L. beryllus.] A mineral of great hardness, oc- curring in green or bluish-green, six-sided prisms. It is identical with the emerald, except in color, the latter hav- ing a purer and richer green. Beryl crystal is not now used except when speaking of the beryl. BERTL-LfNE, a. Like a beryl; of alight or bluish green. BE-RYL'LI-UM, n. The same as glucimim, which see. tBE-SAlNT, v. t. To make a saujt. BE-SaYLE', n. [Norm, a yle ; Fr. atcul.] A great-grand-father. tBE-SCATTER, v. t. To scatter over.— Spenser. t BE-SGORN', v. t. To treat with scorn ; to mock at— Cliaucer. t BE-SGRATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails.— Ohniteer. BE-SGRAWL', v. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over. BE-SGREEN', v. t. To cover with a screen; to shelter; to conceal. — Shah. BE-SGREEN'.SD (be-skreend'), pp. Covered ; sheltered , concealed. BE SGRIB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over.— Milton. tBE-SGUM'BER, v. t. To encumber.— Sera Jonson. tBE-SEE', v. i. To look ; to mind.— Wicklijfe. BE-SEECH', v. l. ; pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. be and seran.] To ask or pray with urgency— Syn. To entreat ; plead ; implore ; supplicate ; beg ; crave. BE-SEECH'. n. Request. EE-SEECH'ER, n. One who beseeches. BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating. BE-SEECH'ING-LY. adv. In a beseeching manner. fBE-SEEK', v. t. To beseech.— Chaucer. BE-SEEM', v. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of; to be decent for. BE-SEEM1NG, ppr. or a. Becoming;; fit; worthy of. PE-SEEM'ING, n. Comeliness.— Barret. ME-SEEM'ING-LY, adv. In a beseeming manner. BE-SEEM'ING-NESS, n. Quality of being beseeming. SESEEM'LY, a. Becoming; fit; suitable. t BE-SEEN', a. Adapted ; adjusted. — Spenser. BE-SET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] 1. To so upon or encircle. Hence, 2. To press on all sides, so as t. perplex ; to entangle, so as to render escape difficult or hn possible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall upon.— Syn. To sur- round ; inclose ; environ ; hem in ; besiege ; encircle , encompass ; embarrass ; urge ; press. BE-SETTING, ppr. Surrounding; besieging; waylaying. BE-SETTING, a. Habitually attending, or pressing. t BE-SHlNE', v. t. To shine upon. BE-SHREW, v. t, 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. 2 To happen ill to. — Shah. [Not in use.] BE-SHROUD'ED, a. Shrouded, t BE-SHUT, v. t. To shut up.— Chaucer. BE-SlDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person ar thing- ; near 2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out of the regular course or order ; not according to, but nol contrary. 4. Out of ; in a state deviating from. 5. Witls the reciprocal pronoun, beside one's self, is out of the wit* or senses. BE-SlDE', > adv. Moreover ; more than that ; over and BE-SlDES', 3 above; distinct from; not included in the number, or in what has been mentioned. BE-SlD'ER-Y, n. A species of pear. — Johnson. BE-SlDES', prep. Over and above ; separate or distinct from. BE-SIegE', v. t. [be and siege ; Fr. siege.] 1. To lay siege to, or surround with anned forces, for the purpose of com- pelling to surrender, either by famine or by violent at- tacks. 2. To throng round, and press upon ; as, besieged by applicants for office. — Syn. To beleaguer ; beset ; en- viron ; hem in ; invest ; block up ; encompass. BE-SIeg'jED (be-seejd'), pp. or a. Surrounded or beset with hostile troops. BE-SIEgE'MENT, n. Act of besieging ; state of being be- sieged. BE-SIeg'ER, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a siege. BE-SIegTNG, ppr. Laying siege ; surrounding with armed forces. BE-SlEG'ING, a. Surrounding in a hostile manner ; em- ployed in a siege. BE-SIeg'ING-LY, adv. In a besieging manner. t BE-SIT, v. t. To suit ; to become. — Spenser. t BE-SLXVE', v. t. To subjugate ; to enslave. BE-SLaV'ER, v. t. To defile with slaver. BE-SLaV'ER£D, pp. Defiled with slaver.— Heber. BE-SLaV'ER-ING, ppr. Defiling with slaver. t BE-SLlME', v. t. To daub with slime ; to soil. BE-SLOB'BER-ING, ppr. Beslubbering.— Ed. Rev. BE-SLUB'BER, v. t. To soil or smear with spittle, or any thing running from the mouth oi nose. [ Vulgar.] BE-SLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Smearing *vith spittle. BE-SMeAR', v. t. To bedaub ; to ovei spread with any vis- cous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that ad- heres. Hence, to foul ; to soil. BE-SM£AR'_ED (be-smeerd'), pp. Bedaubed ; overspread with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soiled. BE-SM£AR'ER, n. One who besmears. BE-SMEAR1NG, ppr. Bedaubing; soiling. BE-SMiRCH' (-smurch), v. t. To soil ; to foul; to discolor. BE-SMoKE', v. t. To foul with smoke ; to harden or dry in smoke. [Little used.] BE-SMoK'£D (be-smokt), pp. Fouled or soiled with smoke ; dried in smoke. BE-SMUT. v. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot. BE-SMUTTED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot. EE-SNoW, v. t. To scatter like snow. [Little used.] BE-SN0W.ED (be-sndde'), pp. or a. Covered or sprinkled with snow, or with white blossoms. — Hanbury. BE-SNUFF'j v. t. To befoul with snuff. BE-SNUFF'-ED (be-snuft'), pp. Foul with snuff.— Young. BE'SOM. n. [Sax. besm.] A broom ; a brush of twiggs for sweeping. BE'SOM, v. t. To sweep, as with a besom. — Barlow. BE'SOM-ER, n. One who uses a besom. BE-SORT', v. t. To suit ; to fit; to become.— Shah. t BE-SORT, n. Company ; attendance ; train — Shah. BE-SOT, v. t. I. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; to stupefy ; to make dull or senseless. 2. To make to dote. BE-SOTTED, pp. or a. Made sottish or stupid.— Besotted on. infatuated with foolish afl'ection. BE-SOTTED-LY. adv. In a foolish manner. BE-SOTTED-NES3, n. Stupidity; arrant tolly; infatuation, BE-SOTT1NG, ppr. Infatuating; making sottish or foolish. BE-SOT'TING-LY, adv. In a besotting manner. BE-SOUGHT (be-sawf), pp. of beseech. Entreated; im plored ; sought by entreaty. BE-SPAN"GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles ; to dot ot sprinkle with something brilliant. BE-SPAN"GL£D, pp. Adorned with spangles, or something shining» BE-SPAN"GLING, ppr. Adorning with 6pangles or glitter- ing objects. t> JV E ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, \T'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. tObsolete B£S 100 BET BE-S! H TF^ >■ i 1. To soil by spattering; to sprinkle wi:b w ;tor. o» w Ith lirt and water. 2. To asperse with calumny or r-jpn ach — Sw Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be- fore it is late. 2. Soon ; in a short time. BE-ToK'£N (be-toltn). v. t. [Sax. bctctccn.) 1. To signify by some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow by present signs. — Syn. To presage ; portend ; indicate , mark ; note. BE-T5K'£N£D, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated BE-ToK'-EN-ING, p}rr. Indicating by pre~v ious signs. BET'O-NY, n. [L. betonica.) The popular name of a genua of plants, of which one species was for.nerly much used in medicine. BE-TOOK', prist, of betake. BE-ToRN', a. Torn in pieces. BE-TOSS', v. t. To toss ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to put in violent motion. — Sliak. BE-TOSS'ED (be-tosf), a. Tossed ; violently agitated. t BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to insnare. — Occlcve. BE-TRaY', v. t. [betray seenio to be a compound of be and dragan, to draw.] 1. To deliver into th.3 hands of an en emy by treachery or frawl. 2. To violate by fraud or un faithfulness, as a trust. J. To violate confir.dnc. by dis- VI BOOS 13EV 10] BEW Closing ii set. ret. 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what i Is intended to be kept secret, or what prudence would conceal, as one's feelings. 5. To mislead or expose to in- convenience not foreseen. 6. To show ; to disclose ; to indicate what is not obvious at first view, or would other- wise be concealed. 7. To fail, or deceive. BETRaY'AL, n. Betrayment. BETRIY'ED (be-trade'), pp. Delivered up in breach of trust ; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten- tion ; made known. BETRaY'ER, n. One who betrays ; a traitor. BETRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violating confidence ; disclosing contrary to intention ; exposing ; discovering. BE-TRaY'MENT, n. Act of betraying; breach of trust. BE-TRIM', v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace ; to embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. BE-TRIM'MED (be-trimd'), pp. Adorned ; decorated. BE-TRIM'MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing. BE-TROTH' v. t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the fu- ture spouse ot another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with one for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to a bishopric, in order to consecration. BETROTHED (be-trothtf) pp. or a. Contracted for future » marriage. BETROTH'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting with one for a future wife, as the intended husband ; espousing. BE-TROTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be- tween two parties, for a future marriage between the persons betrothed ; espousals. BE-TRUST, v. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con- Ifidence of fidelity ; to confide. BE-TRUSTED, pp. Intrusted ; confided ; committed in trust. BE-TRUST1NG, ppr. Intrusting ; committing in trust. BE-TRUSTMENT, n. The act of intrusting ; the thing in- trusted. BETSO, n. The smallest Venetian coin. — Mason. BETTED, pp. Laid as a wager. BETTER, a. comp. [Sax. bet, more, better; betere, betera, better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another ; applied to physical, acquired, or moral qualities. 2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable. 4. More safe. 5. Improved in health ; less affected with disease. — 6. To be better off. to be in a better condition. — 7. To have the better, is to have the advantage or superiority. — 8. To get or gain the better, is to obtain the advantage, superiority, or victory. — 9. For the bettSr, is for the advantage or im- provement. BETTER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner ; with more skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage, or success. 2. More correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. With more affection ; in a higher degree. BETTER, v. t. [Sax. bcterian, betrian.] To make better. either in the internal state, or external condition. — Syn. To improve ; meliorate ; mend ; amend : correct ; emend ; reform ; rectify ; advance ; promote. BETTER n. A superior ; one who has a claim to prece- dence on account of his rank, age, or office. BETTERED, #p. Improved; meliorated; made better. BETTER-ING, ppr. Making better ; improving. BETTER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of offenders. BETTER-MENT, n. Improvement. W. Montague. — Bet- terments, in law, are those improvements of an estate which render it better than mere repairs. — Bouvier. BETTER-NESS, n. Superiority.— Tooker. BETTING, ppr. Laying a wager. BETTING, n. The laying of a wager. BETTOR, n. One who bets or lays a wager. BETTY, n. A small instrument to break open doors. BETUM'BLED, a. Rolled about , tumbled ; disordered. BE-TOTORjED, a. Tutored; instructed.— Coleridge. BE-TW ATTL.ED, a. Confounded ; overpowered ; stupefied. BETWEEN', prep. [Sax. bclweouan, betwynan.] 1. In the intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex- change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or more, in common or partnership ; as, having property between them. 4. Having mutual relation to two or more ; %s, contests between them. 5. Noting difference, or dis- crimination of one from another. BETWIXT', prep. [Sax. betwyx, betwyxt.] 1. Between ; in the space that separates two persons or things. 2 Pass- ing between ; from one to another, noting intercourse. 8EVEL, n. [Fr. buveau.] 1. Among masons, carpenters, joiners, &c, an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an arch or vault. It is movable on a point or center, and eo may be set to any angle. An angle that is not a right angle is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute. 2 A slant or inclination of a surface from a right line. BEVEL, a. Slant ; having the form of a bevel. BEVEL, v. t. To cut to a bevel angle. — Moxon. BEVEL, v.i. To slant, or incline off to a bevel edge. BEV'EL-GeAR (-geer), n. Wheel-work whose cogs stana beveling, or at oblique angles to the shaft. BEVELED, pp. or a. Formed to a bevel abgle.--In miner alogy, replaced (as an edge) by two planes inclining equally to the adjoining planes. BE VEL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle. BEVEL-ING, a. Slanting toward a bevel angle ; bending from a right line. BEVEL-ING, n. 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and regular slant toward a bevel angle, according to a ruol«& laid on one side of its surface. 2. The slant or beve* ot timber. BEVEL-MENT, n. In mineralogy, the replacement of an edge by two similar planes, equally inclined to the in- cluding faces or adjoining planes. Be'VER. See Beaver. t Be'VER, n. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals. Be'VER, v. i. To take a small repast between meals. BEVER-AGE, n. [It. beveraggio.\ 1. Drink; liquor for drinking. It is generally used ot an agreeable liquor. 2. Formerly, a drink or treat given for labor. Hence, 3. A treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first coming into prison ; a garnish. — 3. In England, water- cider, a mixture of cider and water. BEV'lLE, n. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a carpenter's bevel. BEVY, n. 1. A flock of birds. (Sportsmen now confine tho term to quails. — Rich. Diet.) Hence, 2. A company ; an assembly or collection of persons ; [usually applied to fe- males.] BE-WaIL', v. t. To bemoan ; to lament ; to express deej* sorrow for. BE-Wa.IL', v. i. To express grief. — Shah. BE-WaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. BE-Wa1L'£D (be-wald'), pp. Lamented; bemoaned. BE-WaIL'ER, n. One who laments or bewails. — Ward. BE-WaIL'ING, ppr. Lamenting ; bemoaning ; expressin grief for. BE-WaIL'ING, it. Lamentation. — Raleigh. BE-WaIL'ING-LY, adv. In a mournful manner. BE-WaIL'MENT, n. The act of bewailing, t BE-WaKE', v. i. To keep awake.— Gower. BE-WaRE', v. i. [Sax. bewerian, bewarian, gewarian.] Lit- erally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to re- gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care. [It is hardly correct to use the word, as in Exodus, xxiii., in the sense, " to have a special regard tz "] BE-WEEP', v. t. To weep over ; to bedew with tears.— Shak. [Little used.] BE-WEEP', v. i. To make lamentation. [Little used.] BE-WEl'T,pp. Wept over ; bedewed with tears. [Little used.] t BE- WET, v. t. To wet ; to moisten. BE-WHoRE' (-hore'), v. t. To corrupt with regard to chas- tity. — Beaum. and Fletch. To pronounce a whore. — Shak BE-WIL'DER, v. t. [Dan. forvilder, vilder ; D. verwildcrcv .] To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless places. — Syn. To perplex ; puzzle ; entangle ; confuse ; lead astray. BE-WIL'DERJED, pp. Lost in mazes ; perplexed with dis- order, confusion, or intricacy. BE-WIL'DER-£D-NESS, n. State of being bewildered. BE-WIL'DEB.-ING, ppr. or a. Losing in a pathless place perplexing with confusion or intricacy. BE-WIL'DER-ING-LY, adv. So as to bewilder. BE-WIL'DER-MENT, n. State of being bewildered, t BE-WINTER, v. t. To make like whiter. BE- WITCH', v. t. 1. To fascinate; to gain an ascendency over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci- nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow- er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling tricks or imposture. BE-WITCH'ED (be-wicht), pp. Fascinated ; charmed. BE-WITCH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitche L— Bp. Gauden. BE-WITCH'ER. n. One who bewitches or fascinates. BE-WiTCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow- er of any thing that pleases. BE-WITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating. BE-WITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating; charming. BE-WITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or fasci- nate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing. BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner. BE-WITCH'ING-NESS, n. Quality of bewitching. BE-WITCH'MENT, n. Fascination ; power of charming. Be'WITS, n. pi. Straps of leather by which bells are last ened to a hawk's legs. — Booth. t BE-WON'DER£D, a. Amazed.— Fairfax. BE- WRAP' (be-rap'). v. t. To wrap up. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as hi this, t OIsomi BIB 102 BID 8E- *VH> "^ ' v ba /a" 1 ; v. [Sax. wrecan, to tell ; awrcon, on- trrcrn, to rev< i>I.J !<. disclose perfidiously ; to betray ; to show or 11 '$£« risible. [7%/s word is nearly antiquated.] BE-WRaY'*JD be-rade'), pp. Disclosed; indicated; be- trayed ; < xpo'fcd to vi'W. BE-WRaY' LIK, n. A di /ulger of secrets ; a discoverer. BE-WR A.y l'Nf i, ppr. Disclosing ; making known or visible. BE-WRa}' ING-LY, adv. In a manner to bewray. BE-WRaY'MENT, n Act of bewraying. fBE-WRECK' (be-rek'), v. t. To ruin ; to destroy. tBE-WROUGH'f (be-rawf), a. Worked.— Ben Jonson. BEY (ba), n. In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a ~town or particular district of country ; also, in some places, a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg. BE-YOND', pry. [Sax. begeond, begeondan.] 1. On the further side of; on the side most dist;uit, at any indefinite distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet r; ached. — Pope. 3. Past; out of reach of; further than iziy given limit. 4. Above ; in a degree exceeding or sur- passing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go beyond, is n phrase which expresses an excess in some action or scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circumvent. BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. — Spenser. BEZ'AN, n. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped. B E-ZANT', n. A gold com of Byzantium. See Byzant. BE-Z ANTLER, n. [from antler.] The branch of a deer's horn, next above the brow antler. BEZ'EL, n. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the col- let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone. BE'ZoAR, n. [Pers.] 1. An antidote; a general name for certain intestinal concretions of a calculous nature, for- merly supposed to be efficacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison. 2. In a more general sense, any sub- stance formed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of animals. — Fossil bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous body, which serves as a nucleus ; found chiefly in Sicily, in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar-mineral, an oxyd of antimony. BEZ-O-aR'DIC, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar. BEZ-O-aR'DIG, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar. BEZ-O-aR'TIG-AL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote. tBEZ'ZLE, v. t. To waste in riot. BHU-CHAMP'A€, n. A beautiful plant of India. Bl'A, n. In commerce, a small shell called a cowry, much used in the East Indies. BI-AN"GU-LaTE, ) rT ,■ , , , TT . Bi-AN-GU-La-TED, \ a - f L \ bls and «W*fe»-] Having two BI-AN"GU-LOUS S an S les or corners. [Little used.] Bl'ARM'I-AN, a. Noting n race of Finns in Northern Europe. Bi-aR-TI€'U-LATE, a. Having or consisting of two joints. Bl'AS, n. [Arm. bihays, or vies; Fr. Mais.] 1. A weight on the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight fine. 2. A leaning of the mind toward an object. 3. That which causes the mind to lean or incline from a state of indiffer- ence to a particular object or course. This word is fa- miliarly used as an adjective or adverb for sloping, slant, crosswise; as, a bias cheek; to fall bias [Shak.] ; to cut cloth bias. — Syn. Tendency ; inclination ; propensity ; disposition ; bent ; prepossession ; prejudice ; warp. Bl'lS, v. t. To incline to one side ; to give a particular di- rection to the mind. — Syn. To warp ; incline ; prejudice ; pervert ; prepossess. t Bl'AS-DRAW-ING, n. Partiality.— Shak. BIASED (bi'ast), pp. or a. Inclined from a right line ; warped; prejudiced. Bl'AS-lNG. ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro- pensity; warping; prejudicing. 1 Bl'AS-NESS, n. Inclination to some side. Bl-AU-Rl€U-LATE, a. Having two auricles in the heart. Bl-AX AL, a. Having two axes. — Brewster. BIB, 7i. 1. A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by children over the breast. 3. A fish about a foot in length, the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly white. J BIB, v. i. [L. Mho.] To sip ; to tipple ; to drink frequently. — Locke. [Litilt nsed.] BI-Ba r .:iOUS (bi-ba'shus). a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drink- ing ; disposed to imbibe. tBl-BAC'I-TY, n. ' The quality of drinking much. BJB'BER, n. A tippler; a man given to drinking; chiefly used in composition ; as, wine-bibber. BIB'BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk; prating to no purpose. Shak. [A low word, and not used.] BIB'I-O, n. A name of the wine fly, a small insect. Bl'BLE, n. [Gr. fitfXtov, (SifiXoi, £. book.] THE BOOK, by way of eminence ; the sacred volume, in which are con- tained the revelations of God. Bl'BLE SO-CTE-TY, n. A society for the distribution of the Bible. BIB'LER, n. A tippler; a great drinker. BIB'L1€-AL, a. Pertaining to the Bible. BIB'LI€-AL-LY, adv. In accordance with the Bible BIB'LI-CIST, n. One skilled in biblical knowledge. BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. pi6\os and r pa(pu.] One who composes or compiles the history of books ; one skilled u» literary history ; a ti anscriber. BIB-LI-O-GRAPH'ie, \a. Pertaining to the history oi BIB-LI-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, j books. BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHY, «. A history or description of books ; an account of books and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, and other information tending to illustrate the history of lit- erature. BIB-LI-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. (iiS\i 0i and Xarpeta.] Worship or homage paid to books. — Southev. BIB'LI-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. /MAos and fiavreia.] A kind of divination, performed by means of the Bible, consisting in selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning things future. — Southey. BIB-LI-O-MI'Nl-A, n. [Gr. (UXwv and navia.] Book-mad- ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books. BIB-Ll-O-MA'NLA-G, ai. One who has a rage for books. BIB-LI-O-MA-Nl'AC-AL, a. Pertaining to a passion for books. — Quart. Rev. BIB-LIO-PEtt'IC, a. Relating to the binding of books. BIB-LI-OP'O-LIST, In. [Gr. [ii6Xtov and ™A £ w.j A book- BIB'LI-O-POLE, J seller. BIB-LI-0-THe'€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a li- brary. BIB-LI-OTH'E-€A-RY, n. A librarian.— Hall. BIB'LI-O-THEKE, n. A library.— Bale. BIB'LIST, n. 1. With the Roman Catholics, one who makes the Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2. One who is conver- _sant with the Bible. Bl-BRACTE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate.— Eaton. BIB'U-LOUS, a. [L. bibulus.] Spongy ; that has the quality of imbibing fluids or moisture. Bl-€ AL'€AR-ATE, a. Armed with two spurs, as the limb of an animal. Bl-€AP'SU-LAR. a. [L. Ms and capsula.] In botany, having two capsules containing seeds to each flower. BI-GaR'BON-ATE, n. A carbonate, containing two parts or equivalents of carbonic acid to one of base ; one of the supercarbonates. BICE, )n. Among painters, a pale blue color, prepared BISE, 5 from smalt. By the addition of orpiment a green _color is produced, bearing the same name. Bl-CEPHA-LOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr. Ke.*iai» ciously. BIG'OT-RY, n. 1. Obstinate or blind attachment to a pa tieular creed ; unreasonable zeal or warmth in favor of a party, sect, or opinion ; excessive prejudice. 2. The prac- tice or tenet of a bigot. — Pope. Bl-HY-DROC'U-RET, n. A compound of two atoms of hy drogen, as the electro-negative ingredient, with one atom of some other substance, as the electro-positive ingredient. BI-J6 IT (be-zhoo'), n. , pi. Bijoux. [Fr.] A trinket, or a lit- tle box ; a jewel. Bl-JOUTRY (be-zhoo'try), n. The making or dealing in jew- _elry ; jewelry. Bl-Ju'GOUS, \a. [L. bis andijugum.] Having two pairs of BI-JO'GATE, ) leaflets. Bt-LA'BI-ATE, a. [L. bis and labium.] Having two lips, m the corols of flowers. Bl-LAM'EL-LATE, a. [L. bis and lamella ] Having the form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid. BILAN-DER, n. [D. bylander.] A small merchant vessel, used chiefly on the Dutch canals ; so called, as moving _close by land. Bl-LATER-AL, a. [L. bis and lotus.] Having two sides. BIL'BER-RY, n. The name of a shrub and its fruit ; a spe- cies of vaccinium, or whortle-berry, of a blue color. BIL'BO, n. A rapier ; a sword ; so named, it is said, from Bilboa, in Spain, where the best are made. BIL'BoES, n. pi. On board of ships, long bars of iron with shackles, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders. BIL'BO-QUET (biTbo-ket), n. [Fr.] The toy called a cup and boll. BILD'STEIN, n. See Agalmatolite. BlLE, n. [L. bilis ; Fr. bile.] A yellow liquor, separated from the blood in the liver, collected in the hepatic duct, and thence discharged by the common duct into the duo- denum. BlLE, n. An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct or- thography.] BILE'DUCT, n. [bile, and L. ductus.] A vessel or canal to convey bile ; the hepatic duct and its branches. BILE'SToNE, n. A concretion of viscid bile. BILGE, n. [a different orthography of bulge.] 1. The pro- tuberant part of a cask at the middle. 2. The breadth of a ship's bottom on which she rests when aground. BIL-jE, v. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge ; to spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. BILGE'-PUMP, n. A pump to draw the bilge-water from a ship. BILGE'-WA-TER, n. Water which lies on the bilge or bot- tom of a ship, and ordinarily very offensive. BILG.ED, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilge. This participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive. BIL'IA-RY, a. [L. bilis.] Belonging to the bile ; conveying the bile. — Biliary calculus, a gaff stone or concretion form- _ed in the gall-bladder. SLrawifej* Intwolan ^s es - Bl-LIN'GUOUS, a. [L. bis and lingua.] Having two tongues, or speaking two languages. BIL'lOUS (bil'yus), a. [L. biliosus.] Pertaining to bile ; ccn- _sisting or partaking of bile. Bl-LITER-AL, a. [L. bis and litem.] Consisting of two let- ters. BILK, v. t. [Goth, bilaikan.] To frustrate or disappoint; to deceive or defraud by non-fulfillment of engagement. BILK'ivD, pp. or o. Disappointed; deceived; defrauded. BILK'ING, ppr. Frustrating ; defrauding. BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An instru- ment in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a handle, used in cutting, pruning, &c. 3. A kind of halberd, or bat- tle-ax, formerly used by English infantry. 4. A pickax. BILL, n. [Norm, bille.] 1. In law, a declaration in writing, expressing some wrong or fault. — 2. In late, and in com- merce, in England, an obligation or security given for money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3. A ibna or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not enact- ed. 4. An advertisement posted up. 5. Any written pa- per, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of goods sold. — o. A bill of exchange is mi order drawn on a person, requesting him to pay money to some person as- signed by the drawer. — 7. A bill of entry is a written ac« count of goods entered at the custom-house. — 8. A bill of sight is a provision;!! entry, at the custom-house, of goods respecting which the importer has not lull information so as to describe them exactly. — 9. A bill of lading is a writ- ten account of goods shipped by any person. — 1). A bill of mortality is an account of the number of deaths in a place in a given time. — 11. Bank-bill. [Sie Bank.] — 12. A bill of rights is a summary of rights and privileges t Obsolete bJN 104 BIP clamed ij t peo/le. — 1.3 A bill of divorce, in the Jewish law,weu ft writing given ny the husband to the wile, by which Uie marriage relation was dissolved.— 14. Bill of credit. A bill or note for 1 aising money on the mere credit of a state. — 15. Bill of sale. A written conveyance of per- sonal property, corresponding to a deed of real estate. It must be a sealed paper in England, but in the United States it may be without seal. — 16. Bill of health. A certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship company at the time of her leaving port. BILL, z. i. To join bills, as doves ; to caress in fondness. t BILL, v. t. To advertise by a bill or public notice. BILL'-BOOK, n. A book in which a person keeps an ac- count of his notes, bills, bills of exchange, &c. ; thus show- ing all that he issues and receives. — Bouvier. tBILL'-MAN, tv. He who uses a bill; applied particularly to soldiei's. BILL'-STICK'ER, n. One employed to stick up bills or placards in public places. BILL'ET, n. [Fr. billet.] A small paper or note in writing, used for various purposes ; sometimes it is a short letter, addressed to some person ; sometimes a ticket, directing soldiers at what house to lodge. — In heraldry, a billet is a bearing of an oblong square form. — Brande. BILL'ET, n. [Fr. billot.] 1. A small stick of wood. 2. An ornament in Norman architecture. BILL'ET, v. t. To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where to lodge ; to quarter, as soldiers. BILLET-DOUX (bil'le-doo), n. [Fr.] A love note or letter. BILL'ET-ING, ppr. Quartering, as soldiers in private houses. BILL'IARD (bil'yard), a. Pertaining; to the same of billiards. BILLIARDS (bil'yardz), n.pl. [Fv.'billard.] A game played on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth, with small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into haz- ard-nets, or pockets, at the sides and corners of the tables, by impelling one ball against another, with maces or cues. BIL'LING, ppr. or n. Joining of bills ; caressing. BIL'L1NG6-GaTE, n. [from a market of this name in Lon- don, celebrated for fish and foul language.] Foul language ; ribaldry. BILL'ION (bil'yun), n. [L. bis, and million.] A million of millions. Among the French, a thousand millions. — Brande. BILLOT, n. Gold or silver in the bar or mass. BIL'LoW, n. [Dan. bulge ; S'w. bblja.] A great wave or surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. BIL'LoW, v. i. To swell ; to rise and roll in large waves or surges. — Prior. BIL'LoW-BkAT- j EN, a. Tossed by billows. BIL'L5W£D. jjp. Swelled, like a billow. BIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Swelled into large waves or surges. BIL'LoW- Y, a. Swelling, or swelled into large waves , wavy; full of billows or surges. EITLoB^D, \a. [L. bis, and Gr. AoSoj.] Divided into two Bl-Lo'BATE, 5 lobes. Bl-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. bis and loculus.] Divided into two _cells, or containing two cells internally. Bl-MA€'U-LATE, a. Having two spots. BI-Ma'NA, n. A term applied to the highest order of mam- malia, of which man is the type and sole genus BI-Ma'NOUS, a. [L. bis and manus.] Having two hands. _Man is bimanous. — Lawrence. Bi-MaR'GIN-ATE, a. Having a double margin. Bi-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. bis and medial.] In matliematics, if two medial lines, A B and B C, commensurable only in power, and containing a rational rectangle, are compound- ed, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is called a first bimcdial line. Bi-MEN'SAL, a. Occurring once in two months. Bl-MUS'CU-LAR, a. [6:s"and muscular.] Having two at- taching muscles and two muscular impressions, as a vi- valve mollusk. BIN, n. [Sax. binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest, used as a repository of corn or other commodities. tBIN. The old word for be and been. BIN'A-GLE, n. [formerly biuaclc.] A wooden case, or box, in which the compass is kept on board a ship. Bl'NA-RY, a. [L. binus.] Compounded of two. — Binary number is that which is composed of two units. — Binary compound, in chemistry, a compound of two elements. — Binary star, a double star, whose members have a revolu- tion round their common center of gravity. Bl'NA-RY, n. The constitution of two. — Folherby. BI/NaTF, a. [L. binus.] Being double, or in couples ; ing in pairs. BIND, v. t. ; pret. bound ; pp. bound, and obs. bounden. [Sax. biiidan.] 1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, or any thing that is flexible ; to fasten, as with a band, fillet, or ligature. 2. To gird, inwrap, or involve; to confine by a wrapper, cover, or bandage. 3. To confine, or restrain, as with a chain, fetters, or cord. 4. To restrain in any manner. 5. To oblige by a promise, vow, stipulation, cov- enant, law. duty, or any other moral tie ; to engage. 6. To confirm or ratify. 7. To distress, trouble, or confine grow- by infirmity. 8. To constrain by a powerful in fluence oi persuasion; as, I am botnul to do it. 9. To restrain the natural discharges cf the bowels ; to make costive 10. To form a border; to fasten with a band, or any thing that strengthens the edges ; as, to bind, a carpet. 11. To cover with leather, or any thing firm ; to sew together and cover. 12. To cover or secure by a band. 13. To oblige to serve by contract. 14. To make hard or firm. — To bind to, is to con- _tract. — To bind over, is to oblige by bond to appear ata court. BIND, v. i. 1. To contract ; to grow hard or stiff. 2. To _grow or become costive. 3. To be obligatory. BIND, n. 1. A stalk of hops, so called from its wincing round a pole or tree, or being bound to it. 2. The cr. Ju- rated clay of coal mines. Brande. — 3. In music, a ligature or tie which groups notes together. BIND'- WEED, n. A troublesome weed, of the genus con- volvulus. BlND'ER, n. 1. A person who binds ; one whose occupation is to bind books ; one who binds sheaves. 2. Ar.y thing that binds, as a fillet, or band. BlND'ER- Y, n. A place where books are bound. BlND'ING, ppr. Fastening a band; confining; restraining covering, as a book; obliging by a promise, or other mora _tie ; making costive ; eontractin natc leaves on each side of tho petioK Bl-PIN-NAT'I-FID, a. [L. bis, pinna, and findo.] Loudly pinnatifid ; having the primary segments 01 che leaves pinnatifid. Bl-Po'LAR, a. Doubly polar. — Coleridge. Bl-PUNCTILAL, a. Having two points. Bi-1'u'PIL-LaTE, a. In entomology, a term appl : « 4 to \h eye-like spot on the wing of a butterfly, havi' g t_ it do'u of a different color. Bee Syjwpsis. UI, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARJN*3, BIR.D ;- f/rtVE B< >C K BIR 105 BIS BIQUAD'RATE, n. [L. bis and quadratus.] In nuztteetaalics the fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a square by itself. BE-QUAD-RATIC, n. The same as biquadrate. Bl-QU AD-RA T'I-6, a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or fourth pcwer. Bl-QUINTILE, n. [L. bis and quintus.] An aspect of the planets, when they are distant from each other by twice the fifth part of a great circle. BI-Ra'DI-aTE, \a. [L. bis and radiatus.] Having two BI-Ra'DI-a-TED, J rays. BIRCH, n. [L. Sax. birce.] A genus of trees, the betula, of which there are several species. Its smaller branches, being tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods, especially in schools. BiROH'EN \°" Made of birch ; consisting of birch. BiRCH WINE, n. Wine made of the vernal juice of the birch. BIRD, 71. [Sax. bird, or bridd, a chicken.] 1. Properly, a chicken, the young of fowls, and hence, a small fowl. 2. In modem use, any fowl, or flying animal. BIRD, v. t. To catch birds.— Shak. BIRD OF PAR'A-DlSE, n. A genus of birds found in the Oriental isles, some of them remarkably beautiful. BlRD'-BoLT, n. An arrow for shooting birds. BIRD'-GagE, n. A box or case for keeping birds. BiRD'— GALL, n. A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is put a leaf of some plant, for imitating the cry of birds. BiRD'-GATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch birds ; a fowler. B1RD'-€ATCH-ING, n. The art of taking birds. BiRD'-CHER-RY, n. A tree, a species of prunus, whose fruit is peculiarly grateful to birds. BIRD'ER, n. A bird-catcher. B1RD'-Ey£D (-Ide), a. Quick-sighted ; catching a glance as one goes. BlRD'-FAN-CI-ER, n. 1. One who takes pleasure in rear- ing birds. 2. One who keeps for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages. BiRD'ING-PlECE, n. A fowling-piece. BtRD'-LlKE, a. Resembling a bird. BIRD'-LlME, n. A viscous substance, used to catch birds. BiRD'-LiM-ED, a. Smeared with bird-lime; spread to in- snare. — Howell. BIRD'-MAN, n. A fowler, or bird-catcher. BIRD'-OR-GAN, n. A small barrel-organ, used in teaching birds to sing. BiRD'-PEP-PER, n. A species of capsicum, affording the best Cayenne pepper. BiRDS'-EYE, a. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird ; seen at a glance : hence, general ; not minute, or detailed ; as, a birds-eye view of a subject. SIRDS'EyE, n. The popular name of a genus of flower- ins plants, called, also, pheasant' s-cye. ritRDS'EYE-MA-PLE, n. A kind of maple having spots like the eye of a bird, much used in cabinet work. BIRDS'FOOT, n. A flowering plant, the ornithopus. LiRDS'FOOT-TItE'FOIL, n. A genus of plants. BIRDS'MOUTH, n. A term applied to an interior angle, or notch, cut at the extremity of a piece of timber, across the grain, to receive the edsje of another piece to be inserted. BiRDS'NEST, n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs, and hatches her young. 2. A plant— 3. In cookery, the nest of a small swallow, of China and the neighboring countries, delicately tasted, and esteemed a luxury. BiRDSTXRES, ? XT , , . BiRDSTONG UE, \ n - Names of P lants - BiRD'-WIT-TED, a. Flighty ; passing rapidly from one subject to another ; not having the faculty of attention. Bi'ReMLO, n. [h.biremis.] A vessel with two banks or tiers of oars.— Mhford. RtRG'AN-DER, n. The name of a wild goose. Bl-RIIOM-BOID'AL, a. Having a surface composed of twelve rhombic faces, t BiRK'EN, v. t. [from birch, Sax. birce, byre] To beat with a birch or rud. BJ-ROSTRaTE, i a. [L. bis and rostrum.] Having a Bi-ROSTRa-TED, > double beak, or process resembling BtRT, n. A fish, called, also, turbot. 3iRTH, n. [Sax. byrd, beorth.) 1. The act of coming into life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it is generally applied to human beings. 2. Lineage ; extraction ; de- scent. 3. The condition in which a person is born ; as, an Englishman by birth. 4. That which is born ; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable. 5. The act of bringing forth. 6. Origin ; beginning ; as, a nation's birth. RtRTH ) "tfr/„;7' S n. A station in which a ship rides. See Berth. JiRTH'-NTGHT, n. The night in which a person is born ; and the anniversary of that night in succeeding years. BIRTH-PLACE, n. The town, city, or country where a person is born. BiRTH-RiGHT (-rite), n. Any right or privilege to which a person is entitled by birth. „ BIRTH'-SONG, n. A song sung at the birth of a person. B1RTH-STRAN"GLjETJ, a. Strangled or suffocated in being born. — Shak. BIRTHDaY, n. 1. The day in which any person is born 2. The same day of the month in which a person waa born, in every succeeding year. t BiRTH'D6M, n. Privilege of birth.— Shak. BIRTHING, n. Any thing added to raise the sides of ship. B1RTHLESS, a. Destitute of birth B1RTH'W6RT, n. A genus of plants, aristolochia. BIS. In music, it denotes repetition of a passage. Bl'SA, \n. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a ducat Bl'ZA, > also, a weight. BIS'CO-TIN, n. [Ft.] A confection, made of flour, sugar, marmalade, and eggs. BIS'CUIT (bisTrit), n. [Fr. ; compounded of L. bis, twice, and cuit, baked.] 1. A kind of bread, formed into cakes, and baked hard for seamen. 2. A cake, variously made, for the use of private families. — 3. Earthen-ware, or por- celain, after the first baking, but before it has been glazed. 4. In sculpture, a kind of unglazed porcelain, of which _groups and figures are formed in miniature.— Brande. Bl-SECT, v. t. [L. bis and seco.] To cut or divide into two parts. Bl-SE€T'ED, pp. Divided into two equal parts. Bl-SE€T'ING, ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. Bl-SEC'TION, n. The act of cutting into two equal parts ; the division of any line or quantity into two equal parts. BT-SEG'MENT, n. "One of the parts of a line, divided into _two equal parts. Bi-Se'RI-ATE, a. Existing in two series. BI-sI'TOul' } a - f L- setosus '] Havin g tw « bristles. BT-SEX'OUS, a. Consisting of both sexes. — Brown. Bl-SEX'H-AL. a. In botany, hermaphrodite ; a term applied to flowers which contain both stamens and pistil in the same envelope. BISHOP, n. [L. episcopus ; Gr. citiokottos ; Sax. biscop.] 1. An overseer; a spiritual superintendent, ruler, or director. 2. In the primitive Church, a spiritual overseer ; an elder or presbyter ; one who had the pastoral care of a church. 3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant Churches, a prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual govern- ment and direction of a diocese. BISHOP, n. 1. A cant word for a mixture of wine, oranges, and sugar. — Swift. 2. Part of a lady's dress. BISHOP, v. t. 1. To confirm ; to admit solemnly into the church. 2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an old horse look like a young one. BISHOP-LIKE, a. Resembling a bishop ; belonging to a bishop. BTSH'OP-DOM, n. Jurisdiction of a bishop. BISH'OP£D (bish'opt), pp. Confirmed. BISHOP-ING, ppr. Confirming. BISH'OP-LY, adv. In the manner of a bishop. — Hooker. BISH'OP-LY, a. Belonging to a bishop. BISH'OP-RI€, n. [bishop and ric] 1. A diocese ; the dis- trict over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2 The charge of instructing and governing in spiritual con- cerns ; office. BISH'OPS-WEED, n. A genus of plants, with the generic name ammi. BISHOPS-W6RT, n. A plant. BISK, n. [Fr. bisque.] Soup or broth, made by boiling sev- eral sorts of flesh together. BISK'ET, n. A biscuit. This orthography is adopted by many respectable writers. BIS'MUTH, n. [G. wissmuth.] A metal of a yellowish, or reddish-white color, and a lamellar texture. BIS'MUTH o'CHER, n. Native oxyd of bismuth, some- times containing a small portion of carbonic acid. BIS'MUTH- AL, a. Consisting of bismuth, or containing it. BIS'MUTH-I€, a. Pertaining to bismuth. BIS'MUTH-INE, n. A rare mineral, composed of bismuth and sulphur ; a native sulphuret of bismuth. Bl'SON, n. [L.] A quadruped of the bovine genus, usually, but improperly, ca"ed the buffalo. BIS-SEX'TiLE, n. ~. bissextilis.] Leap-year, every fourth year, in which a day is added to the month of February on account of the excess of six hours, which the civil year contains above 365 days. BIS-SEX'TILE, a. Pertaining to the leap-year. t BIS SON, a. [Sax. biscn.] Blind.— Shak. BIS'IER, )n. [Fr. bistre.] A dark-brown pigment, prepared BISTRE, 5 from the soot of wood. Bl-STIP'UL-ED (bi-stip'«ld), a. Having two stipules. BISTORT, n. [L. bistorta.] A plant, a species of polygo- num, popularly snakeweed. DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. BIT 106 BLA B'SV )T,-r, T (bir-u-ry), n [Fr. bistouri.] A surgical instru- ;a.n\ l . Ibr makWg incisions. B*8UL'CATE, i. Two-furrowed. B.V-SJL'OOUS, a. [L. bisulcus.] Cloven-footed, as swine or oxon. Bf-S\JL'"HU-RET, n. In chemistry, a sulphuret with two atoms )f sulphur as the electro-negative ingredient. B T, n. ,Sax. bitoi] The iron part of a bridle which is in- serted in the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to which the reins are fastened. B IT, v. t. To put a bridle upon a horse ; to put the bit in the mouth. B IT. pret. and pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth. BIT, ??. [Sax. bita.] 1. A small piece ; a mouthful, or mor- Btl; a bite. 2. A small piece of any substance. 3. A eina 1 ! c >in of the West Indies. 4. A small instrument for boriiig noles. — This word is used, like jot and whit, to ex- press t/'ie smallest degree; as, he is not a bit wiser or better. BITCIi, n. [Sax. bicca, bicce, bice.] 1. The female of the canine >ind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. A name of reproach for a woman. — Pope. BITE, v. t. ; pret. bit ; pp. bit, bitten. [Sax. bitan.\ 1. To break or crush with the teeth, as in eating ; to pierce with the teeth, as a serpent ; to seize with the teeth, as a dog. 2. To pinch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4. To pierce, cut, or wound ; as, a biting falchion. 5. To make to smart ; as, a biting pain. 6. To cheat ; to trick. — Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor. — To bite the thumb at another was formerly a mark of contempt, intended to provoke a quar- rel ; as, in Shakspeare, "Do you bite your thumb at us?" BlTE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an- imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3. 4 morsel ; a mouthful. 4. A cheat ; a trick ; a fraud ; [a low word.] 5. A sharper ; one who cheats. BlT'ER, n. 1. One who bites ; that which bites ; a fish apt _to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds. Bl-TERNATE, a. [L. bis and ternus.] In botany, doubly temate. BiTTNG, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re- jproaching with severity, or treating sarcastically ; cheating. BlTING, a. Sharp ; severe ; sarcastic. BlT'ING, n. Act of biting. BlTTNG-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner. B1TLESS. a. Not having a bit or bridle. — Fanshaw. BITMOUTH, n. The bit, or that part of a bridle which is put in a horse's mouth. BlTTA-GLE, n. The box for the compass lights on board a ship. See Binnacle. BITTED, pp. Having the bit put in the mouth. BITT.EN (biftn), pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth ; cheated. BITTER, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ; acrid ; like wormwood. 2. Sharp ; cruel : severe ; as, bitte? enmity.— Heb., i. 3. Sharp, as words ; reproachful ; sarcastic ; satirical. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; piercing ; painful . cruel ; severe ; that makes to smart. 5. Painful to the mind ; calamitous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; dis- tressed. 7. Hurtful ; very sinful. 8. Mournful ; distress- ing ; expressive of misery. BITTER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitters. BITTER, n. In marine language, a turn of the cable which is round the bitts. BITTER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species of cucumis. BITTER-SALT, n. Epsom salt ; sulphate of magnesia. BITTER-SPaR, n. A mineral resembling calc spar, but consisting of carbonate of magnesia and carbonate of lime. Dolomite is another name. BITTER-SWEET, n. A slender, climbing plant.— Encyc. BITTER-VETCH, n. 1. A species of ervum, or lentil, cul- tivated for fodder. 2. A genus of plants, known by the generic name orobus. BITTER- WORT n. The plant called gentian. tBITTER-FU L, a. Full of bitterness. BITTER-ISH. a. Somewhat bitter ; bitter in a moderate degree. — Goldsmith. BITTER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately bitte r. — Encyc. BITTE R-LY, adv. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a manner severely reproachful. — Syn. Keenly; sharply; severely ; cruelly ; painfully ; poignantly ; angrily. BITTERN, n. [D. butoor.] A bird of the grallic order, the ardea stellaris. It has long legs and neck, and stalks among reeds and sedge, feeding upon fish. BITTERN, n. [from bitter.] 1. m salt-works, the brine re- maining after the salt is concreted. 2. A very bitter com- pound of quassia, cocculus indicus, open and shut, as the oyster, and the BI-VALV'OUS, ) seed vessels of certain plants. Bl- VAULTED, a. [L. bis and vault.] Having two vaults or arches. — Barlow. Bl- VENTRAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies, — Bailey. BIVI-OUS, a. [L. bivius.] Having two ways, or leading two ways. BIVOUAC (biv'wak), n. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a whole army ; the encamping of soldiers for the night, with out covering or tents, in readiness for immediate action. BIVOUAC (biv'wak), v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a whole army ; to encamp during the night, without tent on covering. BIX'WORT, n. A plant. BIZ'AN-TlNE. See Byzantine. BI-ZaRRE', (be-zaV), a. [Fr.] Odd; fantastical ; whimsical , extravagant. BLAB, v. t. [W. llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought- less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre- tion. 2. To tell or utter ; in a good sense. — Shdi. BLAB, v. i. To tattle ; to tell tales.— Shak. BLAB, n. A babbler ; a tell-tale ; one who betrays secrets BLAB'BER. n. A tattler ; a tell-tale. t BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter , to fib. BLAB'BER-LIPP.ED (dipt). See Blobber-lipped. BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be concealed ; tattling. BLACK, a. [Sax. Mac, and blcec] 1. Of the color of night ; destitute of light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul- len ; having a cloudy look or countenance. 4. Atrociously wicked ; horrible. 6. Dismal ; mournful ; calamitous. — Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. BLACK, n. 1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness ; the darkest color, or, rather, a destitution of all color. 2. A negro ; a person whose skin is black. 3. A black dress, or mourning. BLACK, v. t. To make black ; to blacken ; to soil. BLACK'-ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, &c, or to hunt or steal deer, &c, with the face blacked, or disguised. BLACK'-XRT, n. Conjuration. BL ACK'BALL, n. 1. A composition of tallow, &c, for black- ing shoes. 2. A ball of a black color, used as a negative in voting. BLACK'BALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by putting black balls into a ballot-box. BLACK'BAR, n. A plea obliging the plaint.ff to assign the place of trespass. BLA€K'BER-RI£D-H£ATH', n. A plant. BLACK'BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The berry of the bramble, genus rubus. of a pleasing tastt BLACK'BIRD, n. In England, a specie* / 'shrush, a sing See Sy?topsis. a, k, I, &.C., long.— a, E, I, &e.. short.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY •— MARINE, BlRI/ ,- M Wi BOOK. BLA 107 BLA % ng bird with a fine note. The American black-bird differs aiaterially from the European. BLACK'BoARD, n. A board used in schools, &c, for writ- ing, drawing lines, and various other purposes of instruc- tion. BUACK'-BQOK, n. 1. The Black-booh of the exchequer in England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors of monasteries, under Henry VIIL, containing a detailed account of the enormities practiced in religious houses, to blacken, them, and to hasten their dissolution. BLACK'-BROWED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy ; dismal ; threatening. BLA€K-BRY'0-NY, 7i. A plant; the tamus. BLACK-CAN K'ER, n. A disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. — Farm. Enc. BLACK'CAP, n. 1. A bird; the mock -nightingale. 2. In cookery, an apple roasted till black. BL ACK'-CAT-TLE, 7i.pl. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows, whatever may be their color. [English.] BLACK'-CHALK (black'-chawk), n. A mineral of a bluish- I black color ; a variety of argillaceous skte. BLACK'-CoAT, n. A common and familiar name for a clergyman, as red-coat is for a soldier. B1.A€K'€0€K, 7i. A fowl, called, also, black-grouse and black-game. BLACK'-DAY, n. A day of gloom and disaster. — Shak. BLACK-DeATH (-deth), n. The black plague. BL ACK'DROP, n. A liquid preparation of opium in vinegar. BLACK'-eA'GLE, n. In Scotland, a name given to the falco fulvus. BLACK'-EARTH (-erth), n. Mold; earth of a dark color. BLACK'-EyED (-ide), a. Having black eyes. BLA€K'-FaG£D (-faste), a. Having a black face. BLACK'FISH, n. 1. A fish caught on the rocky shores of New-England ; the tautog. 2. A small kind of the whale, about twenty feet long. BLA€K'-FLUX, n. A mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, used as a flux. BLACK'-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany. B L ACK'FRl-AR, n. A name given to the Dominican order ; called, also, preaching friars. BLA€K'-GUM. An American tree, of the genus Nyssa, whose wood is tough, and much used for naves of wheels, and in ship-building. BLACK'-HEaRT-ED (-harfed), a. Having a black or ma- lignant heart. BLACK'-JACK, n. 1. A name given by miners to blende. 2. A leathern cup of old times. BLACK'-LEAD (-led), n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray color, called plumbago. BLA€K'-L£G, 7i. A notorious gambler and cheat. BLA€K'-LEGS, n. In some parts of England, a disease among calves and sheep. BLA€K'-LETTER, a. 1. Written or printed in the black- letter character. 2. Studious of bocks in black-letter. BLACK'-LET'TER, n. The old English, or modern Gothic letter or character. BLACK'-MaIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in the north of England, to certain men who were allied to rob- bers, to be by them protected from pillage. — 2. Black-rent, or rents paid in com or flesh. BLACK'-MoN'DAY (-mun'dy), ?i. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. HI., which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on horseback. — Stowe. BLACK'-MoNKS, 7i.pl. • A name given to the Benedictines. BLACK'-MOOR, 7i. A negro; a black man. B LACK-MOUTHED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language. — Killingbeck. t BLACK'-PeOTLED, a. Having people of a black color. BLACK'-PIG'MENT, ». A very fine lamp-black, used in muking printer's ink. BL A CK'-PUD'DING, n. A kind of food made of blood and grain. B LACK'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] In Engknid, the usher belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and usher of parliament. BLACK'-SkA, n. The Euxine Sea. BLACK'-SHEEP, ?i. In Oriental history, the ensign or stand- ai 1 of a race of Turkmans. BLACK'-SIL'VER, n. A mineral, called, also, brittle silver ore, consisting of silver, antimony, and sulphur. BLACK'SMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and makes iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith. BLACK'-SNaKE, ?i. A serpent of a black color; two spe- cies are found in America, neither of which is poisonous. BLACK'STRAP, n. A coarse liquor drank by the vulgar. BLACKTaIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch. BLACKTHORN, n. A species oi primus, called sloe. BLACKTTN, ?t. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and wash- ed, ready for melting. £ r .\&K'- TRESS'ED (-trest), n. Having black tresses. ""DOVE BL ACK'-VIS'A6ED, a. Having a dark visage. BLACK'-VOM'IT, n. A copious vomiting of dark colored matter, resembling coffee-grounds ; one of the most i.'ia 1 attendants of the yellow fever. BLACK'- WADD, n. An ore of manganese BLACK- WAL'NUT, n. A well-known American free, W[..*1 wood is of a dark color, forming a beautiful materia ft' cabinet work. BLACK'-WASH, n. A lotion composed of calomel aa. lime-water. BLACK-W6RK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths. BLACK'A-MOOR, 7i. A negro ; a black man. BLACKED (blakt), pp. Made black ; soiled. BLACKEN (blak'kn), v. t. [Sax. blacan) 1. To make black — Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to cloud. 3 To soil. 4. To sully reputation ; to make infamous. BLACK'EN, v. i. To grow black, or dark. BLACK'ENED (blak'nd), pp. Made black. BLA€K'EN-ER, n. He who blackens. BLACK'EN-ING, ppr. Making black; darkening. BLACK'GUaRD, 7i. One who uses abusive, scurrilous Ian guage, or treats others with foul abuse. BLACK'GUaRD, v. t. To revile in scurrilous language [Low.] BLACK'GUaRD, a. Scurrilous ; abusive. BLACK'GUIRD-ISM, n. The conduct or language of a blackguard. BLACKING, ppr. Making black. BLACKING, n. A substance used for blacking shoes ; anj factitious matter for making things black. BLACKISH, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or dark. BLACK'LY, adv. Darkly ; atrociously. BLACK'NESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color ; darkness ; afrociousness or enormity in wickedness. BLAD'-AP-PLE. n. In botany, a species of cactus. BLAD'DER, n. [Sax. blwdr, blotdra, bleddra.] 1. A thin sac or bag in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, &c. By way of emi7ie7tce, the word, in common language, de- notes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle, blister, or pus- tule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery liquor. — 3. In botany, a distended, membranaceous pericai'p. BLAD'DER-AN"GLING, n. Fishing by means of a baited hook attached to an inflated bladder. BLAD'DERED, a. 1. Swelled like a bladder. 2. Put up in bladders ; as, bladdered lard. BLAD'DER-NUT, n. A genus of plants frequently culti- vated as ornamental shrubs. BLAD'DER-SEN'NA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants, called, in botany, colutea. BLAD'DER- Y, a. Resembling a bladder. BLaDE, n. [Sax. bUd, bled.] 1. Properly, the leaf or flat part of the leaf of gramineous plants, though the term ig often applied to the spire. — [In the Southern Stales, the leaves of maize are called blades, or corn blades.] 2. Tho cutting part of an instrument, as the blade of a knife, or sword. 3. The blade of the shoulder, shoulder-blade, or blade-bone, is the scapula, or scapular bone. 4. A brisk man ; a bold, forward man ; a rake. BLaDE, v._ t. To furnish with a blade. BL aDE'BoNE, 7i. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoulder. BLaD'ED, pp. 1. Having a blade or blades. It may be used of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or the cutting part of an instrument. — 2. In mineralogy, composed of long and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife. BLaDE'SMITH, n. A sword cutler. BLaD'ING, ppr. Furnishing with a blade. BLaIN, 7i. [Sax. blegene ; D. blein.] A pustule ; a botch , a blister. — In farriery, a small bladder at the root of an ani- mal's tongue. BLaKE, a. Yellow.— North of England. BLaM'A-BLE, a. Deserving of censure. Dryden. — Syn Culpable ; faulty ; wrong ; inexcusable ; reprehensible ', censurable ; blame-worthy ; guilty. BLIM'A-BLE-NESS, n. Culpableness ; fault. BLaM'A-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner deserving of censure. BLaME, v. t. [Fr. bldmer.] 1. To express disapprobation of; to find fault with. 2. To bring blame or reproach upon ; to blemish; as, "she had blamed her noble blood." Spe7iser, [ohs.] — Syn. To censure ; disparage ; condemn ; cry down ; upbraid ; reprove ; reproach. BLaME, n. 1. Imputation of a fault; disapprobation; an expression of disapprobation. 2. That which is deserv ing of censure or disapprobation. 3. Hurt ; injury. — To bla -ne, in the phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable, to be blamed. — Syn. Censure ; reprehension ; conden natioa reproach ; fault ; sin ; crime ; wrong-doing. BLaMED, />/}. Censured; disapproved. BLaME'FUL, a. Faulty; meriting blame ; reprehensible. BLaME'FUL-LY, adv. In a blamefvl manner. BLa.M K'FUL-NESS, n. State of being blameful. BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"C10US ;- C as K ; Q as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as iu his. t ObsoUte. BLA 108 BLA BL.WfE LESS, 9 Without fault; not meriting censure.— Svn. ) mocn 1 faultless ; spotless ; unblemished ; un- blamable . irre^/oaehaMe ; irreprovable. BLAME'LESS-LY adv. Innocently; without fault. BLAME'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; a state of being not worthy of censure. — Hammond. B ,IM'ER, n. One who blames, finds fault, or censures. B jIME'WoR'THI-NESS, n. The quality of deserving cen- sure. BLaME'W6R-THY, a. pable; reprehensible. BLAMING, .ppr. Deserving blame ; censurable ; cul- finding fault. A kind of linen cloth, manu- Censurmg BLANCARD, n. [Fr. blanc] factured in Normandy. BLANCH, v. t. [Yv.blanchir.] 1. To whiten; to take out the color, and make white; to obliterate. 2. To slur; to balk; to pass over; that is, to avoid; to make empty; [obs.] 3. To make white by peeling ; as, to blanch almonds. — 4. la gardening, to whiten by excluding light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up, or tying them to- gether. BLANCH, v. i. To evade: to shift; to speak softly; to be reserved ; to remain blanlt, or empty ; as, books will speak, when counselors blanch. — Bacon, [obs.] BLANCHED (blancht), pp. Whitened. BLaNCH'ER, n. One who whitens; also, one who anneals and cleanses money. BLANCH-IM'E-TER, n. [blanch, and Gr. utrpov.] An in- strument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymu- riate of lime and potash. BLANCHING, n. The act of whitening. BLANCHING, ppr. or a. Whitening. — In coinage, the op- eration of savins: brightness to pieces of silver. BLANCHING LIQ'UOR (-lick'or), n. A solution of chlorid of lime for bleaching, called, also, by workmen, chemic. BLANC-MANGE, 1 (blo-miiiije'). [Fr. white food.} In BLANC-MANGER, J cookery, a preparation of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar, cinnamon, &c, boiled into a thick consistence. BLAND, a. [L. blandus.] Mild; soft; gentle ; as, bland words. tBLAND-ATION, n. Gross flattery.— Camden. BLAND-IL'O-QJUENCE, n. [L. blandus and loquor.] Fair, mild, flattering speech, BLANDISH, v. t. [L. blandior; Old Eng. blandise.— Chaucer.] To soften ; to caress ; to flatter by kind words or aifec- tionate actions. BLAND'ISH-ER, n. One who flatters with soft words. BLAND'ISH-ING, ppr. Soothing or flattering with fair words. BLAND'ISH-ING, n. Blandishment. BLAND'ISH-xMENT, n. Soft words ; kind speeches ; caress- es ; expression of kindness ; words or actions expressive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the heart. BLAND'NESS, n. State of being bland.— Chalmers. BLANK, a. [Fr. blanc] 1. Void ; empty ; consequently, white ; as, a blank paper. 2. White or pale ; as, the bla?ik moon. — Milton. 3. Pale from fear or terror ; hence, con- fused ; confounded ; dispirited ; dejected. 4. Without rhyme ; as, blank verse. 5. Pure ; entire ; complete, as a blank falsehood. 6. Not containing balls or bullets ; as, a blank cartridge. BLANK, n. 1. Any void space ; a void space on paper, or in any written instrument. 2. A lot by which nothing is gained ; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize. 3. A paper unwritten ; as, to sign a blank. 4. A paper contain- ing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, with va- cant spaces left to be filled. 5. The white part of a target point to which an arrow is directed ; [little used.] 6. Aim ; shot.— Sh-aJc, [obs.] 7. Object to which any thing is di- rected. 8. A smallcopper coin, formerly current in France. —Point blank shot, in gunnery, the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. BLANK, v. t. 1. To make void ; to annul.— Spenser. 2. To deprive of color, the index of health and spirits; to damp the spirits; to dispirit or contuse.— Tillotso'i. BLANK-CARTRIDGE, n. A cartridge without a ball or bullet. BL ANK'-VKRSE, n. Any kind of verse in which there is not rhyme; npphed particularly to the heroic verse of live feet without rhyme. BLANKED (bhmkt), pp. Confused; dispirited. BLANK'ET, n. [Fr. blanchct.] 1. A cover for a bed, made of wool. 2. A kind of pear.— 3. Among printers, woolen cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans. BLANK'ET, v. t. 1. To toss in a blanket by way of punish- ment ; an ancient custom. 2. To cover with a blanket BLANK'ET-INC, ppr. Tossing in a blanket. BLANK'ET-ING, n. 1. The punishment of tossing in a blank- et. 2. Cloth for blankets. BLANK'LY, adv. In a blank manner; with paleness or con- fusion. BLANK'NESS, n. State of being blank. BLAN-Q.UETTE' (blan-kef), n. [Fr.] A white fricassee. BLARE, v. i. [Old Belgic blaren ; Teut. blarren.] 1. To roar: 2. To sweal. or melt away, as a ■ Barlow, [little used.] 2. A flatteiy. — Irish, [col to bellow ; [little used.] candle. BLARE, n. 1. Roar ; noise.- small copper coin of Bern. BLARNEY, n. Smooth, deceitful talk ; loquial.] BLAS-PHeME', v. t. [Gr. fiXaafriutu.} 1. To speak of the Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence. 2. To speak evil of: to utter abuse or calumny against ; to speak reproachfully of. BLAS-PHeME', v. i. 1. To utter blasphemy. 2. To arro- gate the prerogatives of God. BLAS-PHeM'ER, n. One who blasphemes ; one who speafea of God in impious and irreverent terms. BLAS-PHeM'ING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful words concerning God. BLAS'PHE-MOUS,~a. Containing blasphemy ; calumnious ; impiously irreverent to God. BLAST HE-MOUS-L Y, adv. Impiously; with impioislz rev erence to God. BLAS'PHE-MY, n. 1. An indignity offered to God by words or writing. 2. That which derogates from the prerogatives of God. BLAST, n. [Sax. blast.] 1. A gust or puff" of wind ; or a sud- den gust of wind. 2. The sound made by blowing a wind instrument. 3. Any pernicious or destructive influence upon animals or plants. 4. The infection of any thing pes- tilential; a blight on plants. 5. A sudden compression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the discharge of cannon. 6. A flatulent disease in sheep. 7. A forcible stream of air from the mouth, from a bellows, or the like. 8. A violent explosion of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, and the explosion of inflammable air in a mine/ !). The whole blowing of a forge necessary to melt one supply of ore ; a common use of the word among workmen in forges in America. — Syn. Gust; gale; rush; breeze; storm. BLAST, v. t. 1. To make to wither by some pernicious in- fluence; to blight, as trees or plants. 2. To affect with some sudden violence, plague, or calamity, which destroys or causes to fail ; as, to blast pride or hopes. 3. To con- found, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din. 4. To split rocks by an explosion of gunpowder. BLAST'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace for smelting ores, in which the supply of air is furnished by very powerful bellows or other pneumatic apparatus. BLaST'-PiPE, n. A pipe in locomotive engines to convey waste steam up the chimney ; also, a pipe to urge the fire, by creating a stronger current of air. BLASTED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth, injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive ; split by an explosion of gunpowder. BLASTER, 7i. He or that which blasts or destroys. BLASTING, ppr. Affecting by a blast; preventing from coming to maturity ; frustrating ; splitting by an explosion of gunpowder. BLASTING, n. 1. A blast; destruction by a pernicious cause. 2. The act of splitting by an explosion of gunpowder. t BLAST'MENT, n. Blast ; sudden stroke of some destruc- tive cause. — Shak. BLAS-TO-CAR'POUS, a. A term applied to fruit which germinates inside of the pericarp, as the mangrove. t BLATANT, a. Bellowing as a calf. BLATE, a. Bashful.— Scottish. t BLAT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. blateratio.] Noise.— Cote*. BLATTER, v. i. To make a senseless noise. BLAT'TER-ER, n. A noisy, blustering boaster. BLAT'TER-ING, n. Senseless blustering. BLaY, 71. A small river fish, the bleak. BLaZE, 72. [Sax. blaze.] 1. Flame; the stream of light anc heat from any body when burning. 2. Publication*; w.'d* diffusion of report. 3. A white spot on the forehead o* face of a horse. 4. A white spot made on trees by remov- ing the bark with a hatchet. 5. Light ; expardod light. 6. Noise ; agitation ; tumult. BLAZE, v. i. 1. To flame. 2. To send forth or show a bright and expanded light. 3. To be conspicuous. BLAZE, v. t. 1. To make public far and wide. 2. To blazon. [Not used. See Blazon.] 3. To set * white mark on £. tree, by paring off a part of the bark ; as, to blaze a path through a forest. — Todd. BLAZED, pp. or a. Published far and wide ; marked with a white spot, as a tree. BLAZ'ER, 7i. One who publishes and spreads reports. BLAZING, ppr. Flaming; publishing far and wide; mark- ing with a white spot, as a tree. BLAZTNG, a. Emitting flame, or lipht. BLAZTNG-STAR, n. A comet; a star that is accompanied with a coma, or train of light. BLA'ZON (bla'zn), v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To explain, iz, proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial. 2. To deck, to embellish ; to adorn. 3. To display ; to uet to phow ; to celebrate by words or writing. 4. To b?aze re out; t* make public far and wide. See Synopsis. A,E,I, &c.,long.— A, 6,1, Sz.c, shoj-t.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD^ V.'6\ L, BOQKJ BLE 109 BL1 BLa'ZOTs, re. 1. The ct of drawing, describing, or explain- ing coats of arras. 2. Puolication ; show ; celebration ; pompous display. BLa'ZONED (bla'znd), pp. Explained; deciphered in the mam:?'- of heralds ; published abroad ; displayed pom- pously. BLl'ZON-ER (bla'zn-er), re. One who blazons; a herald; an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal. BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Explaining; describing, as heralds; showing ; publishing ; blazing abroad ; displaying. BLa'ZON-RY (bla'zn-ry), re. The art of describing or ex- plaining coats of arms in proper terms. BL.EA, n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under the bark. — Chambers. BLEi'BER-RY, re. A British plant and its fruit, having small leaves like those of box- wood, and little purple berries. BLeACH, v t. [Sax. blacan.] To whiten ; to make white or whiter by taking out the original color. BI.EACH, v. i. To grow white in any manner. BLeACH'-FIeLD, re. A field where cloth or yarn is bleached. BLEACHED (bleecht), pp. or a. Whitened ; made white. BLEACHER, re. One who whitens, or whose occupation is to whiten cloth. BL£ACH'ER-Y, n. A place for bleaching. BLEACHING, ppr. Making white; becoming white. BLEACHING, re. The act or art of whitening, especially cloth. BLEACHING POW-DER, re. A powder for bleaching, con- sisting of chlorid of lime. BLeAK, a. [Sax. Mac, Mac.] 1. Pale. — Gower. 2. Open ; ex- posed to a free current of air ; hence cold, as a bleak hill. BLeAK, n. A small river fish, five or six inches long, with silvery scales. BLeAK'LY, adv. Coldly.— May. BLeAK'NESS, n. Openness of situation ; exposure to the wind ; hence, coldness. BLeAK'Y, a. Bleak; open; unsheltered; cold. BLeAR, a. [D.blaar.] Sore, with a watery rheum ; applied only to the eyes. BLEAR, v. t. To make sore; to affect with soreness of eyes, or a watery humor. — Dry den. BLEARED (bleerd), pp Dimmed by a watery humor. BLEAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being bleared, or dimmed with rheum. — Wiseman. BLeAR'EyED (-ide), a. Having sore eyes ; having the eyes dun with rheum ; dim-sighted. BLEARING, pp}". Dimming with a humor. BLeAT, v. i. [Sax. Mcetan.] To make the noise of a sheep; to cry as a sheep. BLEAT, n. The cry of a sheep. BLEATING, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep. BLEATING, n. The cry of a sheep. BLEB, re. A little tumor, vesicle, or blister. BLEB'BY, a. Abounding with blebs. BLED, pret. and pp. of bleed. tBLEE, n. [Sax. bleo.] Color; complexion. — Spenser. BLEED, v. i. ; pret. and pp. bled. [Sax. bledan.] 1. To lose blood ; to run with blood, by whatever means. 2. To die a violent death, or by slaughter. 3. To issue forth, or drop as blood, from an incision ; to lose sap, gum, or juice ; as, a vine branch bleeds when cut. BLEED, v. I To let blood ; to take blood from, by opening a ,r ein. BLE EDTNG, ppr. Losing blood; letting blood; losing sap or juice. BLEUD'ING, re. A running or issuing of blood, as from the nose, a hemorrhage; the operation of letting blood, as in surgery ; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant. B'-ELT, )a. [Ger. blode.] Bashful; used in Scotland and B LITE, 5 the north of England. BLEMISH v. t. 1. To mark with any deformity ; to injure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excellent; to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or character ; to de- fame. BLSMT3H, re. 1. Any mark of deformity ; any scar or de- fect that diminishes beauty. 2. That which impairs rep- utation, and brings discredit. — Syn. Spot; speck; flaw; deformity ; stain ; defect ; fault ; taint ; reproach ; dishon- or ; imputation ; turpitude ; disgrace. BLEMISHED (blem'isht), pp. Injured or marred by any mark of deformity ; tarnished ; soiled. BLEM'ISH-ING, ppr. Marking with deformity; tarnishing. BLEM'ISH-LESS, a. Without blemish ; spotless. BLEM'ISH-MENT, re. Disgrace. [Little used.} BLENCH, v.i. To shrink; to start back; to give way. — Shak. BLENCH, v. t. To hinder or obstruct, says Johnson. But, _ in the passage he cites, it means to render ineffectual. BLENCH, re._ A start or shrinking back. — Shak. BLENCH'-HoLD-ING, n. A tenure of lands upon the pay- ment of a small sum in silver. BLENCH'ED (blencht), pp. Shrunk ; rendered ineffectual. BLENCH'ER, re. That which frustrates. BLENCHING, ppr. Shrinking. BLENCHING, re. A shrinking back ; a giving way. BLEND, v. t. [Sax. blendian.] ]. To mix or mingle tngeth er; hence, to confound. 2. To pollute by mixture; I spoil or corrupt. — Spenser, [obs.] 3. To blind ; [obs. \ BLEND, v. i. To be mixed ; to be united. — Irving. BLEND'-WA-TER, ». A distemper incident to cattle, u. which the liver is affected. BLENDE, re. [Ger. blenden.) An ore, the native suiphuret of zinc. BLEND'ED, pp. Mixed ; confounded by mixture. BLEND'ER, re. One who mingles or confounds. BLENDING, ppr. Mingling together ; confounding by mix ture. ELEND'OUS, a. Pertaining to blende. BLEN-NOR-RHCE'A, n. An inordinate discharge of macus BLEN'NY, re. [Sax. blinnan.] The name of different ip* cies of small fishes, of the genus Blennius. BLENT. The obsolete participle of blend. BLESS, v. t. ; pret. and pp. blessed, or blest. [Sax. bledsianj 1. To pronounce a wish of happiness to one ; to express n wish or desire of happiness. 2. To make happy ; to mak.s successful ; to prosper in temporal concerns. 3. To make happy in a future life. 4. To set apart or consecrate to holy purposes ; to make and pronounce holy ; as, H*j blessed the seventh day. 5. To consecrate by prayer ; to invoke a blessing upon ; as, to bless the bread. 6. To praise ; to glorify for benefits received. 7. To praise ; to magnify ; to extol for excellences. 8. To esteem blessed, or count happy ; as, " they shall bless themselves in him.* 9. In this line of Spenser, " His sparkling blade about his head he blest," the meaning is threw, which idea is closely connected with this word. BLESS-ED (blest), pp. Made happy or prosperous ; ex- tolled ; pronounced happy. BLESS'ED, a. Happy ; prosperous in worldly affairs ; en joying or pertaining to spiritual happiness and the favor of God ; enjoying or pertaining to heavenly felicity. BLESS'ED-THIS'TLE, re. A plant of the genus ce'ntawrea formerly supposed to possess great medical powers. BLESS'ED-LY, adv. Happily ; in a fortunate manner. BLESS'ED-NESS, re. 1. Exalted enjoyment ; heavenly joys; the favor of God. 2. Sanctity. — Syn. Beatitude; felicity ; bliss ; happiness ; joy. BLESS'ER, n. One who blesses or prospers ; one who be- stows a blessing. BLESSING, ppr. Making happy ; wishing happiness to ; praising or extolling , consecrating by prayer. BLESSTNG, re. 1. Benediction ; a wish of happiness pro- nounced ; a prayer imploring happiness upon another. 2. A solemn prophetic benediction. 3. Any means of hap- piness ; a gift, benefit, or advantage. 4. Among the Jens, a present ; a gift. BLEST, pp. of bless. BLEST, a. 1. Made happy. 2. Making happy; cheering. BLE'TON-ISM, n. The faculty of perceiving and indicating subterraneous springs and currents by sensation ; so called from one Bleton, of France, who was said to possess this faculty. BLe'TON-IST, re. One who possesses the faculty of per ceiving subterraneous springs by sensation. BLEW, pret. of blow. BLE YME, re. An inflammation in the foot of a horse, be> \ tween the sole and the bone. BLI-CE'A, re. A small fish. BLIGHT (blite), re. [qu. Sax. blcectha.] 1. A disease inci- dent to plants. 2. Any thing nipping or blasting. BLIGHT (blite), v. t. To affect with blight ; to blast ; to prevent growth and fertility ; to frustrate. BLIGHTED, pp. or a. Blasted. BLIGHTING, ppr. or a. Blasting. BLIGHTING, re. Act of blighting. BLIGHT'ING-LY, adv. By blasting. t BLIN, v. t. [Sax. blinnan.] To stop, or cease. — Spenser. BLIND, a. [Sax. blind.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing ; not having sight. 2. Not having the faculty of discern- ment ; destitute of intellectual light ; unable to understand or judge ; ignorant 3. Unseen ; out of public view ; pri- vate ; dark. 4. Dark ; obscure ; not easy to be found ; not easily discernible. 5. Heedless ; inconsiderate ; unde- liberating. — Jay. BLIND, v. t. 1. To make blind ; to deprive of sight. 2. To darken ; to obsc ure to the eye. 3. To darken the under- standing. 4. To darken or obscure to the understanding. f>._ To eclipse. BLIND, re. 1. Something to hinder the sight. 2. Something to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. A screen ; a cover, as for a window or the eyes. BLINDE s See Blend:e > an ore - BLIND'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of sight; deprived of intel- lectual discernment ; made dark or obscure. BLiND'FoLD, a. Having the eyes cover3d ; having tlie mental eye darkened. D6YE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; Q as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. BLO 110 BLO BL!M)-FM J To cover the eyes , to hinder from BL"tj\ t D'Fo • .T> id), pp. Having the eyes covered ; hindered from seeing BLTND'I'TjLB ING, ppr. Covering the eyes; hindering from seeing. BLTND'JNG, ppr. or a. Depriving of sight, or of under- standing : obscuring. BLiND'LY, adv. 1. Without sight or understanding. 2. Without discerning the reason; implicitly. 3. Without judgment. BLlND'MAN'S-BALL, n. A species of fungus. BLIND'MAN'S-BUFF, n. A play, in which one person is blindfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company. BLIND'NESS, n. Want of bodily sight; want of intellect- ual discernment; ignorance. BLJND'NET-TLE, n. A plant. BLiNDS, n. pi. In the military art, a defense made of osiers or branches interwoven, to shelter and conceal the work- men. BLIND'SlDE, n. The side which is most easily assailed ; weakness ; foible ; weak part. » BL!NI)-SERTENT, n. A reptile. BLlND-VES'SEL. With chemists, a vessel with an opening on one side only. BLlND'WORM, n. A small reptile. BLINK, v. t. To shut out of sight; to avoid, or purposely evade ; as, to blink the question at issue. BLINK, v. i. [Sax. blican.] 1. To wink; to twinkle with the eye. 2. To see obscurely. — Johnson. To see with the eyes half shut. BLINK, n. A glimpse, or glance. — Hall. BLINK, n. Blink of ice, is the dazzling whiteness about the horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields of ice at sea. BLINK'ARD, n. [blink, and ard, kind.] A person who blinks, or has bad eyes ; that which twinkles, or glances. BLINK'EIIS, n. pi. Blinds on a horse's bridle, to cover his eyes on the side. BLINKING, ppr. and a. Winking; twinkling; avoiding. BLISS, n. [Sax. bliss.] The highest degree of happiness ; heavenly joys. — Syn. Blessedness ; felicity ; beatitude ; happiness ; joy ; enjoyment. BLISS'FUL, a. Full of joy and felicity. BLISS'FyL-LY, adv. In a blissful manner. BLISS'FUL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness ; felicity ; fullness of joy. — Barrow. BLISS'LESS, a. Destitute of bliss.— Hawkins. BLIS'SOM, v. i. [W. blys, blysiaw] To be lustful ; to cater- waul. [Little used.] BLIS'TER, n. [Ger. blase, and blatter.] 1. A pustule ; a thin bladder on the skin, containing watery matter or serum. 2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film or skin, as on plants ; or by the swelling of the substance at the surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory ; a plaster of Spanish flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle. BLIS'TER, v. i. To rise in blisters. — Dryden. BLIS'TER, v. t. 1. To raise a blister, by any hurt, burn, or violent action upon the skin. 2. To raise tumors on iron bars, in converting them into steel. BLISTER-FLY, n. The Spanish fly, used in raising a blister. BLISTER-PLASTER, n. A plaster designed to raise a blister. b BLISTERED, pp. Having blisters or tumoj 8. B L IS'TER-ING, ppr. Raising a blister ; applj ing a blistering plaster, or vesicatory. BLISTER- Y, a. Full of blisters. BLlTE. n. [L. blitum; Gr. fiXirov.] 1. A genus of plants, called strawberry spinach. 2. A species of amaranth, or flower gentle. - BLITHE, a. [Sax. blithe.] Gay ; merry ; joyous ; sprightly ; mirthful. BLlT HE'FUL, a. Gay ; full of gayety. BLlTETL'LY, adv. In a gay, joyful manner. BLlTHE'NESS, n. Gayety; sprightliness ; the quality of being; blithe. BLlTHE'SOME, a. Gay; merry; cheerful. BLlTHE'SOME-NESS, n. The quality of being blithesome ; gayety. BLoAT, v. t. [W. blwth, a pufF.] 1. To swell, or make tur- gid, as with air ; to inflate ; to puff up ; hence, to make vain. 2. To swell or make turgid with water or other means. 3. To dry by smoke ; applied to fish, and espe- cially to herring, called, in some parts of England, bloaters. See Blote. BLoAT, v. i. To grow turgid; to dilate. r BLoAT, a. Swelled ; turgid. BLoAT'ED, pp. or a. Swelled; grown tur aid ; inflated. BL5ATED-NESS, n. A turgid state ; turgidness ; dilatation from inflation or any morbid cause. BLoAT'ER, n. A dried herring. See Bloat. BLOATING, ppr Swelling; inflating. BLoAT'lNG, n. A*state of being swelled or bloated. BLOB'BER, n. [Ir. plub, or phiiUn.j A bubble: pronounced, by the common people in America, blubber. — Carew. BLOB'BER-LIP, n. A thick lip.— Dryden. BLOB'BER-LIPP.ED (blob'ber-lipt)., a. Having thick lips. BLOBTaLE, n. A tell-tale ; a blab. BLOOK, n. [D. blok ; Ger. block.] 1. A heavy piece of tim ber or wood, usually with one plain surface. 2. Any mass of matter with an extended surface. 3. A massy bor'y, solid and heavy. 4. A continuous row of buildings. 5 The wood on which criminals are beheaded. 6. Any ob- struction, or cause of obstruction ; a stop ; hindrance ; obstacle. 7. A piece of wood, with one or more sheaves or wheels for ropes, used to increase the purchase. 8- A blockhead ; a stupid fellow. 9. Among cutters in wood, a solid piece of hard wood, on which figures are cut or en- graved. 10. The wooden mold on which a hat is formed. BLO€K, v. t. [Fr. bloquer.] To inclose or shut up, so as to hinder egress or passage ; to stop up ; to obstruct. BLO€K'-HOUSE, n. A military edifice, so called because constructed chiefly of timber. BLO€K'-LlKE, a. Like a block ; stupid. BLOGK'-PRINT'ING, n. A mode of printing from engraved wooden blocks. BLO€K'-TIN, n. Tin which is pure and unwrought, as it comes in blocks from the foundery. BLO€K-aDE', n. [It. bloccato.] The shutting up of a place, by surrounding it with hostile troops or ships. BLO€K-aDE', v. t. To shut up a town or fortress by troops or ships. BLO€K-aD'ED, pp. Shut up or inclosed by an enemy. BLO€K-aD'ING, ppr. Besieging by a blockade. BLO€K'HicAD (-hed), n. A stupid fellow ; aHolt ; a person deficient in understanding. BLO€K'HEAD-ED, a. Stupid ; dull.— Shak. BLO€K'HEAD-LY, a. Like a blockhead. BLOGK'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; deficient in understanding. BLO€K'ISH-LY, adv. In a stupid manner. BLO€KTSH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness. BLoMA-RY, n. The first forge through which iron passes, after it is melted from the ore. BLONDE, n. A person of a very fair complexion, with light hair and light blue eyes. BLOND'-LaCE, n. Lace made of silk. tBLONK'ET, a. Gray.— Spenser. BLOOD (blud), n. [Sax., Sw., and Dan. blod ; Ger. Uul , 1. The fluid which circulates through the arteries an ■ veins of the human body, and of other animals, which ir. essential to the preservation of life. 2. Kindred ; relation by natural descent from a common ancestor ; consanguin ity. 3. Royal lineage ; blood royal. 4. Honorable birth ; high extraction. — Shak. 5. Life. 6. Slaughter ; murder, or bloodshedding. 7. Temper of mind ; state of the pas- sions ; but, in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm. 8. A hot spark ; a rake. 9. The juice of any thing, espe- cially if red. — 10. In law, kinsmen of the whole blood, are those who are born of the same ancestors on both sides, Kinsmen of the half blood, are those who have the same ancestors only on one side. BLoOD, v. t. 1. To let blood; to bleed by opening a vein 2. To stain with blood. 3. To enter; to inure to blood, as a hound. 4. To heat the blood ; to exasperate ; \uu usual.] BLoOD'-BAPTISM, n. In the ancient Cliurch, a name given to the martyrdom of those who had not been baptized ; if being considered a full substitute for literal baptism. BL60D'-BE-SPOTTED, a. Spotted with blood.— Shak t BL60D'-BoLTERJE:D, a. Sprinkled with blood. BL60D'-BR6TH'ER, n. A brother by birth from the same parents. BLOOD'-COL-OR.ED (bludTml-lurd), a. Having the coloi of blood. BL60D'-P!ON-SuMTNG, a. Wasting the blood. BL60D'-i)RENCH.ED (blud'drensht), a. Drenched in blood, BL60D-DRUNK, a. Drunk with blood.— More. BL60D'-DY£D (blud'dide), a. Dyed with blood. BL60D-FLOW-ER, n. Hnmanthus. BL60D-FR5Z-EN, a. Having the blood chilled. BL60D'-GUILTI-NESS (blud'gilte-ness), n. The guilt o crime of shedding blood. BLoOD'-GUILTY, a. Guilty of murder.— Fairfax. BL60D'-HORSE, n. One whose blood or lineage is derived from the purest and most highly -prized origin or stock. BLuOD'-HOT, a. Warm as blood in its natural temperature BL60D-HOUND, n. A variety of dog, remarkable for the acuteness of its scent for blood. BL60D'-LET, v. t. To bleed ; to let blood. BL60D'-LET-TER, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases ; a phlebotomist. — Wiseman. BLoOD'-LET-TING, n. The act of letting blood, or bl<»ed ing by opening a vein. BLoOD'-MaRKED (blud'markt), a. Marked with blood. BLOOD'-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made wl*n blood an other materials. See Synopsis. A, E, I, 7E. BQ^K. BLO 111 BLO BLOOD'-RED, n. Red as blood. BLOOD -ROOT, n, A plant, so named from the color of its root tBLoOD'-SHAK-£N, a. Having the blood in commotion. — Ben Jonson. BLOODSHED, n. The shedding or spilling of blood ; slaughter ; waste of life. BLOOD SHED-DER, n. One who sheds blood. BLOOD'S HED-DING, n. The shedding of blood ; the crime of shedding blood. BLOOD'SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the blood-vessels. BLOOD'SHOT-TEN-NESS, n. The state of being blood- shotten, as applicable to the eye. BLOOD'-SIZ.ED. a. Smeared or sized with blood. BLOOD'-SNaKE, n. A species of snake. BLOOD'-SPAV-IN, n. A dilatation of the vein that runs along the inside of the hock of a horse. BLOOD'-SPILL-ING, a. Shedding blood. BLOOD'-SPIT-TER, n. One who spits blood. BL0OD-STIIN.ED, a. Stained with blood ; also, guilty of murder. BLOOD'-SToNE, n. A green silicious stone, spotted with jasper, as if with blood ; hence the name. BL0OD'-SU€K-ER, n. Any animal that sucks blood, spe- cifically applied to the leech. A cruel man; a murderer. BLOOD'-SUCK-ING, a. That sucks or draws blood. BL0OD-SWELL.ED. a. Swelled with blood. BLOOD'-SWoLN, a. Suffused with blood. BLOOD'-THiPST-I-NESS, n. Thirst for shedding blood. BLOOD'-THiRST-Y, a. Desirous to shed blood. BLOOD'-VES-SEL. n. Any vessel in which blood circu- lates in an animal body ; an artery or a vein. BLOOD'-WARM, a. Warm as blood ; lukewarm. BLOOD-WITE, n. In ancient law, a fine paid as a compo- sition for the shedding of blood. BLOOD'-WON, a. Won by shedding blood. — Scott. BLOOD'-WOOD, n. A name given to log-wood, from its color. BLOOD'WORT. 77. A plant, a species of sanguinarku BLOOD'-WOR-THY. a. Worthy of blood. BLOOD'F.D, pp. Bled ; stained with blood ; inured to blood. BLOOD'I-LY, adv. In a bloody manner; cruelly; with a disposition to shed blood. BLOOD'I-NESS, n. The state of being bloody; disposition to shed blood. BLOOD'ING, ppr. Letting blood; staining with blood; in- uring to blood, as a hound. BLOOD'LESS, a. 1. Without blood; dead. 2. Without shedding of blood. 3. Without spirit or activity. BL0OD'LES3-LY, adv. Without bloodshed. BLOODY, a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Cruel ; murder- ous ; given to the shedding of blood ; or having a cruel, savage disposition 3. Attended with bloodshed ; marked oy cruelty. BLOOD'Y, v. t. To stain with blood. — Overbunj. BLOOD'Y. adv. Very ; as, bloody sick, bloody drunk. [This is very vulgar.] BLOOD'Y-EV.ED, a, Having bloody or cruel eyes. BLOOD'Y-FaCED (blud'dy-faste), a. Having a bloody face or appearance. BLOOD' Y-FLUX, n. The dysentery. BL0ODT-FLUX£D (blud'dy-fluxt), a. Afflicted with the bloody-flux. BLOOD'Y-HAND, n. A hand stained with the blood of a deer. — Ask. BLOOD'Y-HUNT-ING, a. Hunting for blood. BLOODT-MlND'ED, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposi- tion : barbarous ; inclined to shed blood. BLOOD'Y-RKT). a. Having the color of blood. BLOOD'Y-SCKPTELED, \a. Having a sceptre obtained BLOOD'Y-SCKP'TER-^ED, 5 by blood or slaughter.—- Shak. BLOOD'Y-SWEAT (blud'dy-swet), n. A sweat accompanied by a discharge of blood ; also, a disease, called sweating sickness. BLOOD'Y-ING, ppr. Staining with blood. BLOOM, n. (Goth, bloma.} 1. A blossom; the flower of a plant ; an expanded bud. 2. The opening of flowers in general : flowers open, or in a state of blossoming. 3. The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms ; a state of opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor. 4. The blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered. BLOOM, n. [Sax. bloma.) A mass of iron that has passed the blpmary, or undergone the first hammering. BLOOM, v. i. 1. To produce or yield blossoms ; to flower. 2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vigor ; to show the beauty of youth. t BLOOM, v. t. To put forth as blossoms. BLOOM'AR-Y. See Blojiary. BLOOMING, ppr. or a. 1. Opening in blossoms; flower- ing. 2. Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor ; showing the freshness and beauty of youth. Bl OOM'ING-LY, adv. In a blooming manner. BLOOM'ING-NESS, n. State of being blooming. BLOOM'Y, a. Full of bloom ; flowery ; flourishing with tne vigor of youth . as, a bloomy spray, bloomy beauties. t BLoRE. n. The act of blowing ; a blast. BLOS'SOM, n. [Sax. blosm.] 1. The flower or corol of a plant ; a general term, applicable to every species of tree or plant. 2. This word is used to denote the color of a horse, that has white hairs intermixed with sorrel and bay hairs. BLOS SOM, v. i. 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers ; to bloom ; to blow ; to flower. 2. To flourish and prosper. BLOS'SOMi?D, pret. of Blossom. BLOS'SOM-ING, ppr. Putting forth flowers ; blowing. BLOS'SOM-ING, n. The blowing or flowering ol plants. t BLOS'SOM- Y, a. Full of blossoms. BLOT, v. t. [Goth, blauthjan.] 1. To spot with ink ; to 6taip or bespatter with ink. 2. To obliterate writing or lelo^Tf with ink. 3. To obliterate, in a figurative sense; to c-srxae to be unseen and no more remembered ; as, to blci &B& one's offenses. 4. To destroy ; as, to blot out a nation OJ" people. 5. To stain with dishonor or infamy; as, to blot one's innocence or reputation. 6. To darken. — Syn. To obliterate ; expunge ; erase ; efface ; cancel ; tarnish ; dis- grace. BLOT, n. 1. A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to ink. 2. An obliteration of something written or printed 3. A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a disgrace ; a reproach , a blemish. 4. Censure ; scorn ; reproach. 5. In backgam- mon, when a single man lies open to be taken up. BLOTCH, n. [Sax. blcectha.] A pustule upon the skin ; an eruption, usually of a large kind. BLOTCH, v. t. To blacken.— Harmar. BLoTE. v. t. To dry and smoke, as a fish. Sec Bloat. BLoT'ED, pp. Smoked and dried. BLOTTED, pp. Stained; spotted; erased. BLOTTER, n. In counting-houses, a waste book- BLOTTING, ppr. Spotting with ink ; obliterating ; staining. BLOTTING, n. The making of blots. BLOTTING-Pa'PER, n. Unsized paper, serving to imbibe ink. and thus prevent blots. BLOTTING-LY. adv. By blotting. BLOUSE, i (blowze), n, A light, loose garment, resem- BLOWSE, 5 bling a frock-coat. BLoW, n. 1. The act of striking: more generally, the stroke. 2. The fatal stroke ; a stroke that kills ; hence, death. 3. An act of hostility. 4. A sudden calamity ; a sudden or severe evil. 5. A single act, or stroke ; as, to gain the victory by a single blow. 6. An ovum, or egg de- posited by a fly, and teimed a fty-blow. BLoW, v. i. ; pret. blew ; pp. blown. [Sax. blawen, blowanJ] 1. To make a current of air ; to move as air. 2. To pant, to puff; to breathe hard or quick. 3. To breathe ; as, to blow hot and cold. 4. To sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet. 5. To flower; to blossom; to bloom, as plants. — To blow over, to pass away without effect ; to cease or be dissipated. — To blow up, to rise in the air; also, to be broken and scattered by the explosion of gunpowder. BLOW, v. t. 1. To throw or drive a current "of air upon. 2. To drive by a current of air ; to impel. 3. To breathe upon, for the purpose of warming. 4. To sound a wind instrument. 5. To spread by report ; as, to blow abroad. 6. To deposit eggs, as flies. 7. To form bubbles by blow- ing. 8. To swell and inflate, as veal. 9. To form glass into a particular shape by the breath, as in glass manufac- tories. 10. To melt tin, after being first roasted to get rid of the sulphur and arsenic. 11. To put out of breath ; as, to bloio a horse. — To blow away, to dissipate ; to scatter with wind. — To blow down, to prostrate by wind. — To blow off, to shake down by wind ; as, to blow off fruit from trees ; to drive from land; as, to blow off a. ship. — To blow out, to extinguish by a current of air, as a candle. — To blow up. 1. To fill with air; to swell. 2. To inflate; to puff up. 3. To kindle. 4. To burst, to raise into the air or to scat- ter, by the explosion of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scat ter or bring to naught suddenly. BLOW, n. 1. A flower; a blossom. This word is in gen- eral use hi the United States. In the Tatler, it is used for blossoms in general. 2. Among seamen, a gale of wind. This, also, is in general use in the United States. BLOWBALL, n. The downy head of the dandelion. BLoW-FL?, 11. A fly which is troublesome in summer from depositing its eggs in meat. BLoW'PlPE, n. An instrument by which a blast or cur- rent of air is driven through the flame of a lamp or candle, and that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse or vitrify it. — Compound blow-pipe, an instrument in which oxygen and hydrogen are made to unite in a small stream, at the moment of ignition, thus producing the most in tense heat. BLo W'POINT, n. A kind of play among children. BLOWER, n. 1. One who blows ; one who is employed in melting tin. 2. A fender or plate of iron used to increase the draft of a chimney. "i)0VE -BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete BLU 112 BOA BLovV'ING, ppf Making a current of air ; breathing quick ; sounding a wind instrument; inflating; impelling by wind. BL7 WING, n. The motion of wind, or act of blowing. BLo\VN,#p. Driven by wind; fanned; put out of breath, as a horse ; sounded by blowing ; spread by report ; swelled ; inflated ; expanded, as a blossom. — Blown upon, made stale or common, as a passage in a writer. — Addison. BLO WSE, n: A light loose garment, resembling a frock-coat. BLoWTH, n. [Iv^blath, blaith.] Bloom, or blossom, or that which is exuanded ; the state of blossoming. — Rich. Diet. BLOWZE (blouz), n. 1. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. 2. A kind of cap. BLOWZ'Y, a. Ruddy-faced ; fat and ruddy ; high-colored. tBLUB, v. t. To swell, fe Bleb. BLUB'BER. n. [See Blobbek, Blob, and Bleb.] 1. A blob- bcr or bubble {Chaucer) • [a common, vulgar word.] 2. The fat of whales and other large sea animals, of which is made train-oil. 3. Sea-nettle, or sea-blubber, the medusa. BLUB'BER, v. i. To weep hi such a manner as to sweU the BLUB'BER, v. t. To swell the cheeks, or disfigure the face with weeping. BLUB'BER£D, pp. Swelled; big; turgid. BLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Weeping so as to swell the cheeks. BLUD'GJEON, n. [Goth, blyggioan.] A short stick, with one end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other, and used as an offensive weapon. BLUE (blu), a. [Sax. bleo, bleoh, Meow.] One of the seven colors, into which the rays cf light divide themselves when refracted through a glass prism. There are various shades of blue, as sky blue, or azure, Prussian blue, indigo blue, smalt blue, &c. — The blues (a contraction for blue devils), lowness of spirits ; melancholy. To look blue, to be confounded or terrified. — Grose. BLuE, v. t. To make blue ; to dye of a blue color ; to make blue by heating, as metals, &c. BLuE'BiRD, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla. BLuE'BON-NET, n. A plant, a species of centaurca. BLuE'BOOK, n. A book statedly published, giving the names of all who hold offices under the government of the United States. BLuE'BOTTLE, n. 1. A plant, a species of centaurea. 2. A_fly with a large blue belly. BLuE'BRe AST (blu'brest), n. A small European bird, called, also, the blue-throated warbler. BLuE'-GAP, n. 1. A fish of the salmon kind. 2. A small bird, called, also, blue titmouse, or tomtit. BLuE'-DEVTLS, n. pi. Lowness of spirits ; hypochondria. [Colloquial] BLuE'-EY^D (-ide), a. Having blue eyes.— Dry den. BLuE'FISH, n. 1. A fish, a species of coryphana. 2. A fish allied to the mackerel, common on the coast of New Eng- land. BLuE'-HaIR£D, a. Having hair of a blue color. BLuE'-JOHN, n. Among miners, fluor spar, a mineral. BLuE'-LlGHT (-lite), n. A composition burning with a blue flame, used as a night signal by ships. BLuE'PE'TER, n. In the British marine, a blue flag with a white square in the center, used as a signal for sailing, to recall boats, i cyc. BoDE, v. t. [Sax. bodian, bodigan.] To portend ; to fore- show ; to presage ; to indicate something future by signs , to be the omen of. BoDE, v. i. To foreshow ; to presage. — Dryden. BoDE, 71. 1. An omen. — Chaucer. 2. A stop. See Akj-dj Bd'DED, pp. or a. Presaged; omened. tBoDE'MENT, n. An omen ; portent; prognostic t BODGE, v. i. To boggle ; to stop.— Shak t BODGE, 7i. A botch.— Whitlock. BOD'ICE, 7i. Stays ; a waistcoat, quilted with whalebone worn by women. BOD'l ED (bod'id), a. Having a body.— Shak. BOD'I-LESS, a. Having no body or material form ; incor poreal. t BOD1-LI-NESS, 7?,. Corporality.— Minsheu. BOD'I-LY, a. 1. Having or containing a body, or material form ; corporeal. 2. Relating or pertaining to +he body, in distinction from the mind. " 3. Real ; actual. BOD'I-LY, adv. 1. Corporeally ; united with a body oi matter. 2. In respect to the whole body or mass ; en _tircly ; completely ; as, to carry away bodily. BoD'ING, ppr. or a. Foreshowing ; presaging. BoD'ING, 7i. An omen.— Bp. Ward. BOD'KIN, 7i. 1. An instrument for making holes by peirc- DO VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. BOI 114 BOL insr. An instrument v-ith an eye for drawing thread, tape, or ribbon through a loop, n. In the Russian empire, a nobleman ; a lord ; BOYAR S a person of quality : a soldier. BOI'A-RIN, n. In Russia, a gentleman. BOIL, v. i. [Fr. bouillir ; L. bullio.} 1. To swell, heave, or be agitated by the action of heat ; to bubble ; to rise in bubbles. 2. To be agitated by any other cause than heat, as waves. 3. To be hot or fervid ; to swell by native heat, vigor, or irritation, as the blood. 4. To be in boiliii"- water ; to sutler boiling heat in water or other liquid, for cookery or other purpose. 5. To bubble ; to effervesce ; as a mixture of an acid and some carbonate.— To boil away, to evaporate by boiling. — To boil over, is to run over the top of a vessel. BOIL, v. t. 1. To dress or cook in boiling water ; to seethe ; to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling. 2. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor. To form by boiling and evaporation. BOIL. n. [D. buil; Ger. beuie; Dan. bylde; Sax. bi'«e.] A tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and in- flammation ; a sore, angry swelling BOILA-RY, n. The water which arises from a salt well, belonging to one who has no right in the soil. — Bouvier. BOIL_ED, pp. or a. Dressed or cooked by boiling ; subject- ed to the action of boiling liquor. BOIL'ER, n. 1. A person who boils. 2. A vessel in which any thing is boiled. BOIL'ER- Y, n. A place where salt is boiled. — Johnson. BOIL'ING, ppr. or a. Bubbling ; heaving in bubbles ; being agitated, as boiling liquor ; swelling with heat, ardor or passion ; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot water. — Boiling point, the temperature at which a fluid is converted into vapor with ebullition. That of water is 212° of Fahrenheit. BOIL'ING, n. The act or state of bubbling ; agitation by heat ; ebullition ; the act of dressing by hot water ; the act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heai BOIS'TER-OUS, a. [D. byster; W. bwyst.] 1. Pertaining to noise, confusion, or violence ; applied to persons or thing j „• as, the boisterous ocean, boisterous behavior. 2. Larg j j ; unwieldly ; huge; clumsily violent. — Syn. Loud; ioai* Lag ; violent ; stormy ; turbulent ; furious ; tumultuous ; noisy ; violent ; impetuous ; vehement. BOISTER-OUS-LY, adv. Violently; furiously; with loud noise ; tumultuously. BOIS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being boisterous ; turbulence ; disorder ; tumultuousness. Bo'LA-RY, a. Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of its nature and qualities-. — Brown. BOL'BI-TrNE, a. An epithet given to one of the channels or mouths of the Nile. BoLD, a. [Sax. bald, beald.] 1. Having courage or intrepid- ity; as, a bold chieftain. 2. Requiring courage in the ex- ecution ; executed with spirit or boldness ; planned with courage and spirit ; as, a bold undertaking. 3. Confident ; not timorous. — 4. In an ill sense, rude, forward, impudent. 5. Showing great liberty of fiction or expression ; as, a bold image. 6. Standing out to view ; striking to the eye, as bold figures in painting. 7. Steep ; abrupt ; prominent ; as, a bold shore. — To make bold, to take freedoms; a com- mon, but not a correct phrase. To be bold is better. — Syn. Courageous ; daring ; brave ; intrepid ; fearless ; dauntless ; valiant ; manful ; audacious ; stout-hearted ; high-spirited ; adventurous; confident; strenuous; forward; impudent, t BoLD, v. t. To make daring.— Hall. BoLD'-FaCE, n. Impudence ; sauciness ; a term of repre- hension and reproach. BoLD'-FaCjED (-faste), a. Impudent— Bra?nhall. BoLD'-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having bold spirit or courage. BoLD'_EN (bold'dn), v. t. To make bold ; to give confidence. — Ascham. This is nearly disused. BoLD'LY, adv. In a bold manner; courageously; intrep- idly ; without timidity or fear ; with confidence. Some- times, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently. BoLD'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from timidity or apprehension. 2. Prominence ; the quality of exceeding the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution. 3. Freedom from distrust; liberty. 4. Confidence; confident assurance. 5. Freedom from bashfulness ; confident mien. 6. Prom- inence ; steepness. 7. Excess of freedom, bordering on impudence. — Syn. Courage; bravery; intrepidity ; daunt- lessness ; hardihood; assurance. BoLE, n. [Sw. bol] 1. The body or stem of a tree. 2. A measure of corn, containing six bushels. BoLE^ n. A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron. BO-Le'RO, n. A favorite dance in Spain ; so called from the name of its inventor. BO-LETIC, a. Boletic acid is the acid of boletus. BO-Le'TUS, 7i. [L.] A genus of mushrooms. BO'LIS, n. [L.] A fire-ball darting through the air, followe-i by a train of light or sparks. BoLL, n. [W. bul; Sax. bolla.] The pod or capsule of & plant, as of flax ; a pericarp. Bole, a measure of six bissb- els, is sometimes written in this manner. BoLL, v. i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel. BoLL'INGS, n. pi. Pollard-trees, whose tops and branches are cut off. — Ray. BO-LoGN'A-SAU'SAg.E, n. A large sausage made of bacon, veal, and pork-suet, chopped fine, and inclosed in a skin. BO-LoGN'I-AN ST5NE (bo-16'ne-an stone). Radiated sul- phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna. BoL'STER, n. [Sax. and Sw. bolster.} 1. A long pillf w or cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a "ced. 2. A pad, or quilt. — 3. In saddlery, a part of a sad- dle raised upon the bows or hinder par'., to hold the rider's thigh. — 4. In ships, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or _chafed by the masts. BoL'STER, v. t. 1. To support with a bolster, pillow, or -and ^oft pad or quilt. 2. To support ; to hold up ; to miintain BoL'STER, v. i. To lie together in a bed --Slwk. * See Spiopsu. A, E, I, &c, long.— x, E, 1, iHsplosion. BOMB'-KETCH, In. A small ship or vessel, constructed B JMB'~VES-SEL, J for throwing bombs. B OMB'-PROOF, a. Secure against bombs. BOMB;-SHELL (bum'shell), n. A bomb, or hollow globe, tilled with gunpowder, to be discharged from a mortar. BOM'BIRD (bum'bard), n. [Fr. bombardc] 1. A piece of short, thick ordnance. 2. An attack with bombs ; bom- bardment. — Barlow. 3. A barrel ; a drinking vessel ; [obs.] BOM-BiRD', v. t. To attack with bomba thrown from mor- tars. BOM-BXRD'ED, pp. Attacked with bombs. BOM-BARD-IeR', n. 1. One whose business is to attend the loading and firing of mortars. 2. A kind of beetle, called, also, the bombadier beetle, from its discharging from behind an aeriform fluid with a slight explosion." BOM-BaRDING, ppr. Attacking with shells or bombs. BOM-BXRD'MENT, n. An attack with bombs ; the act of throwing bombs into a town, fort, or ship. BoM-BXR ; DO, n. A musical instrument of the wind kind, much like the bassoon, and used as a bas3 to the hautboy. —Encyc. . [Fr.] A twilled fabric, of which the warp is silk and the weft worsted. — B6M-BA-SYN', tfOM-BA-ZlNE', Br nude. BOM'BAST, n. used to swell garments inflated style , fustian. Originally, a stufF of soft, loose texture, Hence, high-sounding words ; an * BOM'BAST, a. High-sounding ; inflated ; big without mean ing. — Swift. t B^M-BAST, v. t. To inflate.— Bp. Hall. BOM-BAST'I€, a. Swelled; high-sounding.— Syn. .inflated jrumid; turgid. BoM'BAST-RY, n. Swelling words without much meaning fustian. — Swift. BOM'BaTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of the bom bic acid and any base. — Lavoisier. BOM'BAX, n. The cotton tree. BOM-BA-ZET, n. A sort of thin woolen cloth. BOM-BA-ZlNE', n. A twilled fabric, of which the warp is silk and the weft worsted ; ordinarily black. BOM'BIC, a. Pertaining to the silk-worm. BOM'BIC ACID, n. An animal acid, obtained from the silk worm and from raw silk. Its existence as a d&fioct acid has been denied. BOM-BI-LI'TION, n. [L. bombilo.] Sound ; report ; noisa. — Brown. [Little used.] BOM'BlTE, n. A bluish black mineral found at Bcmbay, and apparently a variety of flinty slate. BOM-BYC'I-NOUS, a. [L. bombycinus.] 1. Silken ; made of* silk. 2. Being of the color of the silk-worm ; transpa rent, with yellow tint. BOM'BYX, n. [Gr. p 0l i8vl] The silk-worm. BON (bong), n. [Ft.] A good saying ; a jest ; a tale. — Spenser Bo'NaFi'De, a. [L.] With good faith; without fraud" or deception. tBO-NAlR', a. [It. bonario.] Complaisant; yielding. B5-NA-PaRT'E-AN, a. Pertaining to Bonaparte. Bo'NA-PaRT-ISM, n. Attachment to Bonaparte and his principles. Bo'NA-PaRT-ISM, n. The policy or manners of Bonaparte. — Lamartine. Bo'NA-PaRT-IST, n. One attached to the person or prin- ciples of Bonaparte. Bo'NA PER-I-TU'RA. [L.] Perishable goods. Bo'NA-RO'BA, n. [It.] A showy wanton.— Shak. BO-Na'SUS, n. [L.] A species of bison, or wild ox. BON' BON (bong'bong), n. [Fr.] Sugar confectionery; a sugar plum. BON'-CHIeF, n. [Fr. bon chef.] Good consequence. BON -CHRETIEN (bon-krefyen), n. [Fr.] A species of pear, BOND, n. [Sax. bond.] 1. Any thing that binds, as a cord, a band. 2. Ligament; that which holds things together 3. Union ; connection ; a binding. — 4. In the plural, chains , imprisonment ; captivity. 5. Cause of union ; cement which unites ; link of connection. 6. An obligation im- posing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by law or other means. — 7. In law, an obligation or deed, by which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and administra- tors, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future day ap- pointed. Commonly, a condition is announced that if the obligor performs a certain act (as paying a sum of money, &c.) before a given time, the obligation shall be void ; oth- erwise, in force. — Syn. Chains; fetters; captivity; im- prisonment. BOND, a. [for bound]. In a state of servitude or slavery , captive. BOND, v. t. To give bond for ; to secure payment of, by giving a bond. — War in Disguise. BOND-CRED'IT-OR, n. A creditor who is secured by a bond. BOND'MaID, n. A female slave. BOND'MAN, n. A man slave. BOND'SERV-ANT, n. A slave. BOND'SERV-ICE, n. The condition of a bond-servant; slavery. _ BOND'SLaVE, n. A person in a state of slavery. B§nE S W0M-AN N ' } - A w ™ slave._R C , Jonson. BOND'AftE, 7i. 1. Slavery, or involuntary servitude; cap- tivity; imprisonment; restraint of a person's liberty by compulsion. 2. Obligation; tie of duty. — Syn. Thrallac-m ; captivity; bond-service; imprisonment. BOND'ED. pp. or a. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the custom-house. BONDS'MAN, n. 1. A slave; [obs.] 2. A surety; one who is bound, or who gives security for another. BON'DUC, n. A species of guilandina, or nickar-tree. BONE, n. [Sax. ban.] 1. A firm, hard substance, of a dull white color, composing the skeleton or frame-work of the body in the higher order of animals. 2. A piece of bone, with fragments of meat adhering to it. — To be upon the bones, is to attack; [little used, and vulgar.] -To make no bones, is to make no scruple. BONE, v. t. 1. To take out bones from the flesh, as in cook _ery. — Johnson. 2. To put whalebone into stays. — Ash. BoNE'-aCE, 7i. A came at cards. B0NE'-a€HE (-ake), n. Pain in the bone-.— Shak. BoNE'BLACK, 7i. Animal charcoal, a black substance pro- duced by burning bones in close vessels. DOVE ,— BU. LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS — C as K ; ft as J7~S as Z?f II as SIT 'V J « In ihis [ Obsolete ttOO 1 6 BOO BoNK'-DdSV, *. /Vmes ground for the purpose of being .ised as rnnnvifV-— Brandt B5NE-E AR TIT , n. T'ae e," rthy residuum after the calcina- tion of bones, «>onsis-ting ohiefly of phosphate of lime. BdNE'-SET, v. t. To set a dislocated bone ; to unite broken bones. — Wisem an. BoNE'-SET, n. A plant; the thoroughwort. BoNE'-SET-TER, n. One whose occupation is to set and restore broken and dislocated bones. BoNE'-SET-TING, n. The act or art of setting bones. BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence, or hard swelling, on the inside of the hock of a horse's leg. B5N .ED, pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery. BONED, a. Having bones ; used in composition ; as, large- boned, &c. IBoNE'LaCE, n. A lace made of linen thread, so called because woven with bobbins of bone. B5NELESS, a. Without bones ; wanting bones. BONES, n. A sort of bobbins, made of bones or ivory, for weaving lace ; also, dice. BO-NETTA, n. A sea fish.— Herbert. BON'FlRE, n. [Fr. bon and fire.] A fire made as an ex- pression of public joy and exultation. BON'GRaCE, n. [Fr. bonne and grace.] A covering for the forehead. — Beavmont and Fletcher. Bo'NI-FORM, a. Of a good shape. t BON'I-F^, v. t. To convert into good. — Oudworth. BoN'ING, ppr. Depriving of bones. BO-Ni'TO, n. [Sp.] A fish of the tunny kind. tBON'I-TY, n. Goodness. BONMOT'(b In a clov/nish manner. BOORTSH-NESS, n. Clownishness ; rusticity; coarseness of manners. tBOOSE, n. [Sax. bosig, bosg.] A stall or inclosure for an ox, cow, or other cattle. BOOSE, \ (bocz), v.i. [W. bozi.] To drink hard; to guzzle. BOOZE, S —Mav.nder. [ Vulgar.] BOOZ'ER, } * A & uzzler of Uc l uor • a ti PP ler - BOO'SY (boo'zy), a. A little intoxicated ; merry with liquor. — Holloway. [ Vulgar J] BOOST, v. t. To lift or raise by pushing; to push up. [A common, vulgar word in New England.] BOOT, v. t. [Sax. bot. bote.] 1. To profit; to advantage. — Hooker. 2. To enrich ; to benefit. — Skak., [obs.] BOOT, n. 1. Profit ; gain ; advantage ; that which is given to make the exchange equal. — 2. To boot, in addition to ; over and above. 3. Spoil ; plunder. — Shak. See Booty. BOOT, n. [Fr. botte.] 1. A covering for the leg, made of leather, and united with a shoe. 2. A kind of rack for the leg, formerly used to torture criminals. 3. A box covered with leather in the fore part of a coach. Also, an apron or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend persons from rain and mud. This latter application is local and im- proper. 4. In the plural, boots, a servant at hotels who blacks the boots. BOOT, v. t. To put on boots. I-BOOT-OATCH-ER, n. The person at an inn whose busi- ness is to pull off boots. — Swift. BOOT'CRIMP, n. A frame used by bootmakers for draw- ing in and shaping the body of a boot. BOOT'-HoSE, n. Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. BOOTJACK, n. A machine for drawing off boots. BOOT-TOP-PING, 7i. The operation of cleansing a ship's bottom, near the surface of the water, and rubbing on grease. BOOT'-TREE, \ n. An instrument to stretch and widen BOOT-LiST, S the leg of a boot. BOOTED, pp. or a. Having boots on. — Dryden. BOOT-EE', n. A word sometimes used for a half or short boot. _ BO-o'TeS, n. A northern constellation. BOOTH, n. [W. bwth ; Ir. boith, or both.] A house or shed built of slight materials, for a temporary residence. BOOTLEG, n. Leather cut out for the leg of a boot BOOTLESS, a. Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; with- out advantage or success. — Skak. BOOT'LESS-LY, adv. Without use or profit. BOOTLESS-NESS, n. The state of being useless, or with- out avail. BOOTY, n. [Sw. byte ; Dan. bytte.] 1. Spoil taken from an enemy in war. 2. That which is seized by violence and robbery. — To play booty, is to play dishonestly, with an in- tent to lose. — Syn. Plunder ; pillage ; spoil ; prey. BO-PEEP', n. The act of looking out from behind some- thing, and drawing back, as children in play, for the pur- pose of frightening each other. BoR'A-BLE, a. That may be bored. [Little used.] BO-RACH'IO. n. [Sp. borracho.] 1. A bottle or cask; [not used.] 2. A drunkard. BO-RAC'IC ACID, n. A compound of boron (a peculiar base obtained from borax) and oxygen. Bo'RA CITE, n. Native borate of magnesia. BOR'AdE (bur'raje), n. A plant of the genus borago. BOR'A-MEZ. See Barometz. Bo'RaTE, n. A salt formed by the combination of boracic acid with any base. Bo'RAX, n. [k-uss. bura.] A compound of boracic acid and soda. It is found native in some lakes of Thibet and Per- sia, and is used by workers in metal as a flux, and also in pharmacy. BOR'BO-RYGM (-rim), n. [Gr. {3op6o()vyuos.] A rumbling noise of wind in the bowels. BoRD'AoE. See Bordlands. BORD'EL, )n. [Fr. bordel; It bordello.] A brothel ; a BOR-DEL'LO, 5 bawdy-house ; a house devoted to prosti- tution. BORD'EL-LER, n. The keeper of a brothel.— Gower. BORD'ER, n. [Fr. bord.] The outer edge of any thing ; the extreme part or surrounding line ; the confine or exterior limit of a country ; the edge of a garment ; a bank raised at the side of a garden. — Syn. Edge ; verge ; brink ; mar- gin ; brim ; rim ; boundary. BORD'ER, v. i. 1. To touch at the edge, side, or end; to be contiguous or adjacent ; with on or upon. 2. To ap- proach near to. BORD'ER, v. t. 1. To make a border; to adorn with a border of ornaments. 2. T~> reach to ; to touch at the edge or end ; to confine upon ; to be contiguous to. 3. To confine within bounds ; to limit; [not used.] BORD'ER.ED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border BORD'ER-ER, n. One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of land ; one who dwells near to a place. BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Lying adjacent to ; forming a borde= BoRD-HALF'PEN-NY (bord-hap'pen-y), n. Money paid for setting up boards or a stall in market. — Burns. BoRD'-LAND, n. In old law, the demain land which a lord kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bord, board or table. BoRD'-LoDE, 1 n. The service required of a tenant to BoARD'-LoAD, j carry timber from the woods to the Jord's house. BoRD'-MAN, n. A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his lord withprovisions. t BORD'-RaG-ING, n. An incursion upon the borders of a country. — Spenser. BoRD'-SERV-ICE, n. The tenure by which bord-land iraa held. BORDTJRE, n. In heraldry, a tract or compass of metai, within the escutcheon, and around it. BoRE, v. t. [Sax. borian.] 1. To perforate or penetrate a solid body, and make a round hole. 2. To eat out or make a hollow, by gnawing or corroding, as a worm. 3. To penetrate, or break through by turning or labor. 4. To weary by tedious iteration. BoRE, v. i. 1. To be pierced or penetrated by an instru- ment that turns. 2. To pierce or enter by boring. 3. T6 push forward toward a certain point ; as, to bore through a crowd. — Gay. 4. With horsemen, a horse bores when he carries his nose to the ground. — 5. In a transitive or in- transitive sense, to pierce the earth with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with them samples of the different strata through which they pass. This is a meth- od of discovering veins of ore and coal, without opening a mine. BoRE, n. 1. The hole made by boring ; the cavity or hollow of a gun, or other fire-arm ; the caliber. 2. Any instru- ment for making holes, by boring or turning, as an auger, gimblet, or wimble. 3. A person or thing that wearies by iteration. BoRE, n. A rush of the tide in certain narrow estuaries, conflicting with the water from above.— Burke. BoRE, pret. of bear. BoRE'GoLE, n. A kind of cabbage whose leaves are not formed into a compact head, but are loose, and generally purled or wrinkled. Bo'RE-AL, a. [L. borealis.] Northern ; pertaining to the north or the north wind. — Pops. Bo'RE-AS, n. [L.] The northern wind; a cold, northerly wind. BoRjED, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning in- strument ; made hollow ; wearied by iteration. BO-REE', n. [Fr.] A certain dance. BoR'ER, n. 1. One who bores ; also, an instrument to make holes with by turning. 2. A . genus of worms, or grubs, that pierce wood. BoR'ING, n. 1. The act of perforating a hole. 2. A hole made by perforating a body. 3. The chips produced in perforation are called borings. B6R1NG, ppr. Piercing or penetrating with an auger or other instrument that turns ; wearying by iteration. BORN, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal. — To be born, is to be produced, or brought into life. BoRNE. pp. of bear. Carried ; conveyed ; supported ; de- frayed BOR'NlTE, n. A tellurite of bismuth. BoTR-ON, n. The elementary base of boracic acid. B6R'5UGH (bur'ro), n, [Goth, bairgs ; Sax. burg, burh ; Fr. bourg.] Originally, a fortified city or town. At pres- ent, the name is given, appropriately, to such towns and villages as send representatives or burgesses to parlia- ment B6R/OUGH (bur'ro), n. [Sax. borhoc.] In Saxon times, a main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or free pledges to the king for tne good behavior of each other. — In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a town, or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated with certain privileges. — In Scotland, a l.orough is a body cor- porate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district. BoR'O UGH EN"GLISH. A customary descent of lands and tenements to the youngest son, instead of the eldest. BoR'OUGH-HeAD. The same as head-borough, the chief of a borough. BoR'oUGH-HoLD-ER, n. A head-borough ; a borsholder BOR'oUGH-MaS-TER, n. The mayo:, governor, or bailiff of a borough. — Ash. BoR'oUGH-MoN'GER, 77. One who buys oc sells the pat- ronage of a borough. — Booth. tBOR'REL, a. Rustic; Hide.— Spender. BOR'RoW, v. t. [Sax. borgian.] 1. To tain from another by request and consort, with a view t< lse the thing taken for a time, and r< turn it. 2. To takt from another *^.VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;■— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as P-J; r i FI af ?'u ihh. \ Ob.iclcle. BOT 118 BOT ( n. [It. boschetto.] In gardening, a grove ; a ( compartment formed by branches of trees. Woody ; covered with thickets. [Sax. bosm, bosum.] 1. The breast of a human thi r >rt v,, '* own use ; to o enser. [A vulgar word.] BOU-STRO-PHe'DON, n. [Gr.] An ancient mode of writ ing, in which the lines go from right to left, and then frora left to right, like oxen in ploughing. BoUSY (boo'zy), a. Drunken ; intoxicated. — Dryden. 'Vul- gar.] BOUT, n. [Fr. bout.) A turn ; as much of an action as is performed at one time ; a single part of an action carried on at successive intervals ; essay ; attempt. BOUT, n. [It. beuita, or bevuta.) We use this word tauto- logically in the phrase, a &vmking-bout. BOU-TaDE', n. [Fr.l Properly, a~~start ; hence, a whim.— Swift. [Not English.] BoU-TANT.'_ See Arc-boutant. BoUTE'FEU, n. [Fr.] An incendiary; a make-bate.— Ba con. [Not English.] t BoU'TI-SaLE, n. A cheap sale; or, according to others, a sale by a lighted match, during the burning of which a man may bid; BOUTS-RIMES' G)Oo-rc-ma), n. pi. [Fr.] Words which rhyme, given out to be formed into verses. Bo'VaTE, n. [in law L. bovato.) An ox-gate or as much land as a yoke of oxen can plow in a year. D6VE;— BULu UNITE; -AN'GER, Vl"C!OUS._ € as K; (i as J; S as Z; CH as SH ; TH ae in this. iOosclae. BOW 120 BOY BO'VKY C5AL, n. Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil. BOV'ID, C-. [L. bot I Relating to that tribe* of ruminant mammal.?, of whi ih the genus bos is the typ ■■>. Bo'VINE. a. [low L. bovinus.] Pertaining to oxen and cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus bos. BO JV, v. t. [Sax. bugan, bygan.] 1. To bend ; to inflect. 2 To bend the body in token of respect or civility. 3. To bend or incline toward, in condescension. 4. To de- press ; to crush ; to subdue ; as, to bow the nations ; to bow one's will. BOW, v. i. 1. To bend ; to curve ; to be inflected ; to bend, in token of reverence, respect, or civility ; often with dovin. 2. To stoop : to fall upon the knees. 3. To sink under pressure. BOW, n. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submis- sion. — The bow of a ship, is the forward part, commencing where the planks begin to bend inward till they meet. BOW'-GRXCE, n. In sea language, a frame or composition of junk, laid out at the sides or bows of ships, to secure them from injury by ice. BOW'-PIeCE, n. A piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. BoW, n. 1. An instrument of war and hunting, made of wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to each end, to throw arrows. 2. Any thing bent, or in form of a curve ; the rainbow ; the doubling of a string in a knot ; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck, &c. 3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which, being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, causes it to sound. 4. A beam of wood or brass, with three long screws, that direct a lathe of wood or steel to any arch. 5. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea. 6. An instrument in use among smiths for turn- ing a di-ill ; with turners, for turning wood ; with hatters, for breaking fur and wool. 7. Bows of a saddle are the two pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part of a horse's back, to give the saddle its due form, and to keep it tight. — 8. In architect are, a circular end of a church, apartment, or building. — Elmes. B^W'-BEIR-ER, n. An under officer of the forest, whose duty is to inform of trespasses. BoW'-BENT, a. Crooked.— Milton. BoW'-€6M'PAS-SES, n. Compasses, one leg of which slides on a bow, or curved plate of metal, which is riveted into the other leg. Hence there is a greater accuracy in their use. BoW'-DRILL, n. A drill worked by a bow and spring. BoW'-DYE. n. A kind of scarlet color. BoW'-HAND, n. The hand that draws a bow. BoW'-LEG. n. A leg crooked as a bow. — Bp. Taylor. BoW'-LEGG-ED, a. Having crooked legs. B5W-NET, n. An engine for catching lobsters and craw- fish, called, also, bow-wheel. BoW'-PEN. n. A metallic ruling-pen, having the part which holds the ink bowed out toward the middle. BoW'-SHOT, n. The space which an arrow may pass _when shot from a bow. BOWSPRIT, n. A large boom or spar, which projects over _the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward. BoW'-STRING, n. The string of a bow. The Turks use the bow-string as an instrument of execution by stran- gling. Hence, the verb to bow-string is sometimes used. BoW-STRINGED, a. Furnished with bow-strings. BoW-WIN-DoW, n. See Bay-window. BoW'MAN, n. A man who uses a bow ; an archer. BOWMAN, n. The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat. i BOWA-BLE, a. Of a flexible disposition. BOWED, pp. Bent; crushed; subdued. Bo WED. pp. or a. Bent ; like a bow. BOWEL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate ; to penetrate the bowels.— Ash. BOWEL-LESS. a. Without tenderness or pity. BOWELS, n. pi. [G. baiich ; Fr. bo/fan.] 1. The intestines of an animal ; the entrails, especially of man. The heart. 2. The interior part of any thing ; as, the bowels of the earth. 3. The seat of pity or kindness ; hence, tender- ness, compassion ; [a Scriptural sense.]— Bowel, in the sin- gular, i« sometimes used for gut. BOWER, n. An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. BOWER, n. [Sax. bur.] 1. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with houghs of trees bent and twined to- gether. 2. A bed-chamber ; any room in a house except the hall.— Spenser; [obs.] 3. A country seat ; a cottage.— ghenstone. 4. A shady recess ; a plantation for shade. BOWER, v. t. To embower ; to inclose. — Shak. BOWER, v. i. To lodge. — Spenser. BOW'ERS ) BOWRf? ' \ n ' ^ usc ^' s mat bend the joints. — Spenser. BOW'ER-Y, a Covering; shading as a bower taifling bowers. — Thomson. BOvSeT \ n - A youns hPwk^-Ash. iso, con- BOW6E, v. i. To swell out. See Bouge. BOW6E, v. t To perforate.— Ainsworih. BoWIE-KNlFE (bo'e-nife), n. A long knife, or dagger used by hunters and others in the Western States. BOWING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; making a bow. BOWLNG-LY, adv. In a bending manner. BoWL (bole), n. [Sax. bolla.] 1. A concave vessel tc hold liquors, rather wide than deep. 2. The hollow part of any thing ; as, the bowl of a spoon. 3. A basin ; a foi'jtain. * BOWL, ii. [D. bol ; Fr. boule.] A ball of wood, used for play on a level plat of ground. * BoWL, v. i. 1. To play with bowls, or at bowling. 2. To roll the ball at cricket. 3. Hence, to mo\e smoothly ani rapidly like a ball ; as, the carriage bowled along. * BoWL, v. t. To roll as a bowl ; also, to pelt with any thing rolled. Shah. — To bowl out at cricket, is to break down one's wicket by bowling. BoWL'DER, n. 1. A moderately-sized stone, of a rounded form. — 2. In geology, a rounded mass of rock lying on the surface, and apparently borne by water or ice from ltd original position. BoWL'DER-SToNE. See Bowlder. BoWL'DER-WALL, n. A wall constructed of pebbles er bowlders. One who plays at bowls, or who rolls in * BoWL'ER, n. cricket. BoW'LESS, a. bowline, «. Destitute of a bow. [Sp. and Port, bolina.] A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, to keep them out to windward. * BoWLING, ppr. Playing at bowls ; rolling the ball at cricket ; moving smoothly and rapidly. * BoWLTNG, n. The act of rolling bowls, or the ball at cricket. BoWLTNG-AL'LEY, n. In the United States, a place for playing at bowls. BoWLTNG-GREEN, n. 1. A level piece of ground kept smooth for bowling. — 2. In gardening, a parterre in a grove, laid with fine turf, with compartments of divers figures, with dwarf trees and other decorations. * BoWL'ING-GROUND, n. The same as bowling-green. BOWSE, v. i. In seamen's language, to pull or haul hard. t BOWSS'-EN, v. t. To drink ; to drench. BoW'YER., n. An archer ; one who uses a bow ; one who makes bows. [Little used.] BOX, n. [Sax. box.] 1. A coffer or chest, either of wood or metal. 2. The quantity that a box contains. 3. A cer- tain seat in a play-house, or in any public room. 4. The case which contains the mariner's compass. 5. A money- chest. 6. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus buxus. 7. A blow on the head with the hand, or on the ear with the open hand. 8. A cylindrical hollow iron used in wheels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hollow tube in a pump, closed with a valve. BOX, v. i. To fight with the fist ; to combat with the hand or fist. BOX, v. t. 1. To inclose in a box ; also, to furnish with boxes. 2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the ear or side of the head. 3. To rehearse the several points of the compass in their proper order. 4. To make a hole or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. 5. [Sp. boxar.] To sail round. — To box off, to divide into light compartments. BOX'-€oAT, n. An overcoat used first by coachmen. BOX'-DRaIN, 11. An under-ground drain, boxed up on the sides and on the top, and covered with earth. — Brande. BOX-EL'DER, n. The ash-leaved maple, a native of North America. BOX-HAUL, v. t. To veer a ship in a particular manner in going from one tack to another. BOX'-LOB-BY, ii. In a theater, the lobby leading to the BOX'-THORN, n. A plant, the lycium. BOX'-TREE, n. The box. BOX.ED (boxt), pp. Inclosed in a box ; struck on the head with the fist or hand ; furnished with a box or hollow iron, as a wheel. BOX' EN (boks'sn), a. Made of box-wood ; resembling box. BOX'ER, n. One who fights with his fist. BOX'ING, ppr. or a. Inclosing in a box ; striking with the fist ; furnishing with a box. BOX'ING, n. The act of fighting with the fist ; a combat with the fist BOY, n. [Pers. bach; W. bacgen.] A male child; in gen- eraly applied to males under ten or twehe years of age; a lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a yoking man. BOY, v. t. _To act a part in the manner of a boy. t BOY'-BLlND. a. Blind as a boy; undiscerning. BOY'S'-PLaY, n. Childish amusement ; any thin 5 tiifing. BOY'AR, n. A nobleman of Russia, Transylvania, k.c. See Botar. BOY'AU (boy'o), n.; pi. Boyaux. [Fr.] In fortifi* AUi r*■ BRA 121 BRA BOYHOOD, n. The state of a boy, or of immature age. BOYISH, a. Belonging to a boy : childish ; trifling ; resem- bling a boy in manners or opinions ; puerile. BOY'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly ; in a trifling manner. BOY'ISH-NESS, n. Childishness ; the manners or behavior of a boy. BOY'ISM, n. 1. Childishness ; puerility.— Dryden. 2. The state of a boy. BO-Yu'NA, n. A large serpent of America. BP. An abbreviation of bishop. BRA-BANT'INE, a. Pertaining to Brabant fBRAB'BLE, n. [D. brabbelen.] A broil ; a clamorous con- test ; a wrangle. — Shak. tBRAB'BLE, v. i. To clamor ; to contest noisily. f BRAB'BLER, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow ; a wrangler. — Shak. fjBRAB'BLING, ppr. Clamoring ; wrangling. BRAC'CaTE, a. [L. bracca, breeches.] Having feathers which descend to, and cover the feet. BRICE, n. [Fr. bras.] 1. In architecture- a piece .of timber, framed in with bevel joints, to keep the building from swerving either way. 2. That which holds any thing tight ; a cincture or bandage. 3. A pair ; a couple ; as, a brace of ducks. — 4. In music, a line or bracket placed per- pendicularly at the beginning of each set of staves, in a score, serving to bind them together. 5. A thick strap, which supports a carriage on wheels. 6. A crooked line in printing, connecting two or more words or lines ; thus, , ° \ > — 7. In marine language, a rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard. 8. Brace, or brasse, is a for- eign measure answering to out fathom. 9. Harness; war- like preparation. 10. Tension ; tightness. 11. Braces, pi. Suspenders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, &c. 12. The braces of a drum are the cords on the sides of it, for tightening the heads and snares. 13. A curved instrument of- iron or wood for boring holes or driving screws, by pressure against the breast. BRICE, v. t. 1. To draw tight ; to tighten ; to bind, or tie close ; to make tight and firm. 2. To make tense ; to strain up. 3. To furnish with braces. 4. To strengthen ; to increase tension. — 5. In marine language, to bring the yards to either side. BRaCED (brast), pp. Furnished with braces ; drawn close and tight ; made tense. BBRaCE'LET, n. [Fr. brasselet and bracelet.] 1. An orna- ment for the wrist. 2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm. BRa'CER, n. 2. That which braces, binds, or makes firm ; a band or bandage ; also, armor for the arm. 2. A med- icine which braces or strengthens the body. BRACH, n. [Fr. braque.] A bitch of the hound kind. BRACHIAL, a. [L. brachium.] Belonging to the arm. BRACH'I-ATE, a. In botany, having branches in pairs, de- cussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right an- gles with the next. BRACH'I-O-POD, ?i. One of a class of molluscous animals, having, instead of feet, two fleshy arms, which they can protrude or withdraw. 3RaGH'MAN, ) (bra'min), n. One of the sacerdotal order in 3RXM'IN. 5 India. BRACH-Y-CAT-A-LEC'TIC, n. A verse wanting two sylla- bles at its termination. BRACH-Y-DI-AG'O-NAL, n. The shortest of the diagonals of a rhombic prism. BRA-CHYG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand.— Gavton. BRA-CHYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 0pa%vi and ypa

Ml. BRi KE'MAN, n. One whose business it is to manage the brake in rail-road carriages. BRAK'Y, a. Full of brakes ; rough; thorny. prttat' i 1 I n - The chief deit 5 r of tne Indian nations, con- BRAH'MA S sidered as the creator of a11 things. BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembel.] A general name of the ge- nus rubus, of which there are several species, as the black- berry, the raspberry, &c. BRAM'BLE-BySH, n. The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together. BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch birds. BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles. BRAM'BLING, \n. A bird, a species of fringilla, the BRAM'BLE, } mountain finch. BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles. BRXM'IN, in. [See Brachman.] A priest among the BRAHMIN, $ Hindoos and other nations of India. BRXM-IN-EE; ' } n - The wife of a Bramin - 8RA-MJNTG-AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their doctrines and worship. BRAM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. 3RAN, n. [W. bran.] The proper coat of wheat, rye, or other farinaceous grain, separated from the flour by bolt- ing. BRAN'-NEW. See Brand New. BBRANC'ARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter. BRANCH, n. [Fr. branche.] 1. The shoot of a tree or other plant ; a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from another branch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 3. Any member or part of a body or system ; a distinct article ; a section, or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a family descending in a collateral line ; any descendant from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. 6. A warrant or commission given to a pilot — Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier. — Ash. BRANCH, 'o. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram- ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2. To divide into separate parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral subject; to ramify. 3. To speak diffusively; to make many distinctions or divisions in a discoiu-se. 4. To have horns shooting out. BRANCH, v. t. 1. To divide, as into branches ; to make subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work, representing branches, flowers, or twigs. BRANCH'-Le AF, n. A leaf growing on a branch. JJRANCH'-PE-DUN'CLE (-pe-dunkl), n. A peduncle spring- ing from a_branch. BRaNCH'-Pi-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public commission. — Laws of Mass. BRANCHED (brancht), pp. Divided or spread into branches ; separated into subordinate parts ; adorned with branches ; furnished with branches. BRaNCILED'-WORK (branchfwurk), n. The carved and sculptured leaves and branches in monuments and friezes. BRANCH'ER. n. 1. One who shoots forth branches. 2. A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches. BRaNCH'ER- Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. BRANCH'I-jE, n. pi. Gills, the organs of respiration in cer- tain aquatic animals, as fish, &c. BRaNCII'I-NESS, v. Fullness of branches. BRANCHING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into several subordinate parts. BRANCH iNG, a. Furnished with branches ; shooting out branches. BRANCH'JO POD, n., MGr. (ipayxia, gills, and novg, BRANCH-I-OP'O-DA, n. pi. $ foot] A small fresh-water crustr- cean, having some resemblance, in form, to the shrimp ; tiie legs look like gills. BRANCH-i-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. j3p a y X m and creyoS.] Having gill-covers, or covered gills ; belonging to gill- covers. BRANCH'I-REME, n. [Gr. Ppnyxta, and L. remus.] An animal that has legs terminating in a bundle of setiform branches, connected with its respiration. — Kirby. BRANCHLESS, a. Destitute of branches or shoots ; with- out any valuable product: barren; naked. bR ANCII'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig. BRANCHY a. Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches. — Pope. BRAND, n. [Sax. bravd.] 1. A burning piece of wood ; or a stick or piece of wood partly burned. 2. A sword ; [now obsolete., unless in poetry.] Milton. — 3. A thunder-bolt. • Granville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron as upon a criminal, or upon a cask ; hence, a stigma ; any note of infamy. 5. A disease in vegetables, called, also, burn, by which their leaves and tender bark are partially destroyed, as if burned. BRAND, v. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot iron ; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or to brand a cask, or any thing else, for the purpose of fixin'' a mark upon it. 2. To fix. a mark or character of infamy, in allusion to the branding of criminals ; to stigmatize as infamous. BRAND'-GOOSE, n. A species of wild goose, usually called brant. BRAND'-I-RCN (-i'urn), n. 1. A branding-iron. 2. An iron frame to set a pot on. BRAND'-NEW (-nu), a. Quite new ; bright as a brand of •fire. [This word, though now vulgar, v.as considered b§ Spelman as peculiarly elegant and appropriate.] — Rich. Diet BRAND'ED, pp. or a. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized. BRANDING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a h it iron ; fix- ing a stigma, or mark of reproach BRANDTNG-I-RON (-i-urn), n. An iron to brand with. BRAN'DIJED (bran'did), a. Mingled or strengthened with brandy. BRAND'ISH, v. t. [Fr. brandir.] 1. To. move or wave, as a weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to shake, vibrate, or flourish. 2. To play with ; to flourish. t BRAND'ISH, n. A flourish.— Ben Jonson. BRANDISHED (bran'disht), pp. Raised and waved in the air with a flourish. BRAND'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes. BRAND'ISH-ING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air ; flourishing. t BRAN'DLE, v. i. [Fr. brandillcr.] To shake.— Cotgrave. BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm.— Walton. BRAN'DY, n. [D. branden.] An ardent spirit, distilled from wine. This is the appropriate sense, though the term is extended in America to spirit obtained from other sour- ces ; as, peach brandy, cider brandy. BRAN'DY-WlNE, n. Brandy.— Wiseman. BRAN"GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle ; a squabble ; a noisy contest or dispute. — Swift. BRAN"GLE, v. i. To wrangle ; to dispute contentiously • to squabble. — Swift. BRAN"GLE-MENT, n. Wrangle ; brangle. BRAN"GLER, n. A quarrelsome person ; a wrangler. BRAN"GLING, n. A quarrel.— Whitlock. BRANK, n. 1. Buckwheat, a species of polygonum. 2. In some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding -bridle, an instrument for correcting scolding women. BRANK'UR-SINE, n. [brank, and L. ursus.] Bear' s-breech, or acanthus, a genus of plants. BRAN'LIN, n. A species offish of the salmon kind. BRAN'NY, a. Having the appearance of bran ; consisting of bran. — Wiseman. t BRAN'SLE, n. A brawl, or dance. — Spenser. BRANT, n. A species of goose ; called, also, brent and brand- goose, which see. BRANT, a. Steep.— Todd. BRANT'-FOX, n. A kind of fox with black feet ; it ia smaller than the common fox. BRA'SEJN (bra'zn), a. Made of brass. BRASH, a. 1. Hasty in temper ; impetuous; rash.— Gross. 2. Brittle.— Pick. Voc, [local.] BRI'SIER (bra'zhur), n. 1. An artificer who works in brass. 2. A pan for holding coals. BRA-SIL'. See Brazil. BRASS, n. [Sax. bras.] 1. An alloy of copper and zinc, of a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face. BRASS'-BAND, n. A company of musicians who perform on instruments of brass, as the trumpet, bugle, &c. BRASS'-FOIL, 7i. Dutch leaf, formed by beating out plates of brass to great thinness. BRASS'-PaV\ED. a. Hard as brass.— Spenstr. BRASS'- VIS-A6ED, a. Impudent. BRASS'A6E, n. A sum formerly levied to defray the ex- pense of coinage. BRASS' ART, n. [Fr. bras, the arm.] In plate armor, the piece which protects the upper part of the arm, between the elbow and shoulder. BRASSE, n. The pale-spotted perch. BRAS'SET, n. A casque, or head-piece of armor. BRAS'SI-CA, n. [L.] Cabbage.— Pope. BRASS'I-NESS, n. A quality of brass ; l he appearance of brass. BRASS'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass ; hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent, impudently bold. t BRAST, a. Burst.— Spenser. BRAT, n. [Germ, brut.] 1. A child, so called in contempt 2. Offspring; progeny. BRAUL, 72. Indian cloth, with blue and white stripes. * Set Synopsis. A, E, I, &c. long— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARif'E, MRD — M0\ E, BOOK BRA 123 BRE BRA-VaTJO, n. (£.n- yellow color. BRIM'SToN-Y, a. Full of brimstone, or containing it; e- sembling brimstone ; sulphurous. * Scr. SyJiopsis . 1,2. I, &c loi E, I. &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— tot- VE BQOE, BRI 127 BRO d:1IN'1)ED, a. [It. brinato.] Marked with spots; tabby; having differ 3nt colors. — MiUon. BRIN'DLE, n The state of being brindled ; spottedness. — Richardson. BRINDLED, a. Spotted; variegatea with spots of differ- ent colors. — Addison. BRlftE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, so called from their saltness. BRlNE. v. t. To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut; also, to mix salt with. — Encyc. BRINE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action if the sun, salt is formed by crystallization. IR-lNE'-PIT, n. A salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt ERlNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water. BRING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. brought. [Sax, bringan.] 1. To fetch ; to bear, convey, or lead from a distant to a nearer place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a cause ; as, wealth brings care. 3. To attract or draw along. 4. To cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a point, by moral influence. The primary sense is, to lead, draw, or cause to come; the sense of conveijing or bearing is secondary. Its use is extensive, and, in general, it im- plies motion from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring bach, is to recall implying previous departure, either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring about, to bring to pass ; to effect ; to accom- plish ; to bring to the desired issue. — To bring forth, is to produce, as young or fruit ; also, to bring to light ; that is, to make manifest ; to disclose. — To bring forward, to cause to advance ; to produce to view. — To bring in, to import ; to introduce ; to place in a particular condition ; to collect things dispersed ; to reduce ; to produce, as in- come, rent, or revenue ; to induce to join, constructed as"to enable travelers to re- cline at their length by night, when on a journey. — Smart. BRlZE, n. The gad-fly. See Breeze. BRoACH, n. [Fr. b?-oche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu- sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a vest. [-See Brooch.] 4. A start of the head of a young stag. 5. A candle-rod. — Hebert. BRoACH, v. t. [W. prociaw.] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with a spit. 2. To trap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a store ; [unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first ; to make public what was before unknown. — To broach to, in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward. BROACHED (brocht), pp. Spitted ; tapped ; opened ; ut- tered ; first published. BR5ACHER, n. A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut- ters ; a first publisher. — Dryden. BROACHING, ppr. Piercing with a spit ; tapping ; first di- vulging. BROAD (brawd), a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Extended in breadth, or from side to side. 2. Extended in all directions ; as, the broad earth. 3. Not hemmed in, confined, or con- cealed ; as, in broad day. 4. Not restrained by delicacy ; coarse ; gross ; as, broaa humor. 5. Not restricted in sense or application ; as, a broad statement. — It is as broad as it is long, means it is equal on the whole. — Syn. Wide ; large ; ample ; extensive ; vast ; comprehensive ; vulgar coarse ; obscene. BROAD'-AX (brawd'-ax), n. Formerly, a military weapon. In modern usage, an ax for hewing timber. BROAD'-BACKED (-bakt), a. Having a broad back. BROAD'-BLoWN, a. Full blown.— Shak. BROAD'-BOTTOMED, a. Having a wide bottom. BROAD'-BREAST-ED, a. Having a broad breast. BROAD'-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim. BROAD'CaST, n. Among farmers, a casting or throwing seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing. BROAD'CaST, adv. By scattering or throwing at large from the hand. BROAD'CaST, a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with the hand, as seed in sowing ; opposed to planting in bills or rows. BROAD'-CHESTED, a. Having a broad chest or thorax. BROAD'CLOTH, n. A species of woolen cloth, so called from its breadth. BROAD'-EyED, a. Having a wide view or survey. Shak BROAD'-FR6NT-ED, a. Having a broad front. BROAD'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a broad head.— Scott. BROAD'-HORNED, a. Having wide spread horns BROAD'-LeAFED, ) T T QTn - , „hi mm - BROAD'-Le AVEI), \ °* Havul S broad leaves ' BROAD'-MOUTHED, a. Having a wide mouth.— Irving BROAD'-PIeCE, n. A piece of gold coin, larger and broad" er than a guinea. DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER. Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. iObsolet BRO 128 BRO BH'jAD'-SeAL, n The great seal of England ; the public B3 ii of a countrj or state ; [as a verb, not used.] U tlOAD'-SHoUL'DERJED, a. Broad across the shoulders. BROADSIDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one bide of a ship, above and below, at the same time. 2. The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the quar- ter — 3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one large pagt., at printed on one side only. BROAD'-SPReAD (-spred), a. Wide-spread. BROAD'-SPReAD-ING, a. Spreading widely.— Shalt. BROAD'SWoRD (brawd'sord), n. A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge. — Ash. BROAD'-TaILED, a. Having a broad tail.— Sandys. BROAD'WlSE, adv. In the direction of the breadth. BROAD '.EN (brawd'dn), v.i. To grow broad. [Unusual] BROADEN, v. t. To make broad ; to extend in breadth. BROAD'ISH, a. Rather broad.— Russel. BROADLY, adv. In a broad manner. BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth; extent from side to side; coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomenes3. BRO-CaDE', n. [Sp. brocade] Silk shift", variegated with gold and silver, or raised and enriched with flowers, foli- age, and other ornaments. BRO-CaDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the conus ge- ographicus. BRO-CAD'ED, a. 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade. BRo'CA6E, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker. 2. The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade of a broker ; a dealing in old things. 4. The business of a broker. 5. The act of pimping. — Ash. BRo'CA-TEL, ) n. [Sp. brocatel.] 1. A calcareous stone. BRo-CA-TEL'LQ, J 2. A kind of coarse brocade, used chiefly for tapestry. BROC'CO-LI, n. [It. broccolo.] A sub-variety of the cauli- flower, having the head of a dark-green or purple color. BROCHAN-TlTE, n. [from Brochant de Villiers.] A basic sulphate of copper occurring in emerald-green crystals. BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of broach. BROCK, n. [Sax. broc] A badger. BRO€K'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes this brock or brocket. The French write it brocard. BROD'E-KIN, n. [Fr. brodequin.] A buskin or half boot. BRo'GANS, n. pi. Stout, coarse shoes. See Brogue. f BROG'GLE, v. i. To fish for eels. BRoGUE (brog), n. [Ir. brog.] 1. A coarse shoe. 2. A cant word for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3. Brogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish brog. BRoGUE'-MaK-ER. n. A maker of brogues. tBROID, v. t. To braid. See Braid. BROID'ER, v t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of nee- dle-work. BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders. BROID'ER-Y, n. Embroidery ; ornamental needle-work wrought upon cloth.— Tickel. See Embroider. BROIL, n. [Fr. brouillerie.] A noisy quarrel; discord, ei- ther between individuals or in the state. — Syn. Feud ; contention ; fray ; affray ; tumult ; altercation ; dissension ; discord. BROIL, v. t. [Fr. brouiller.] To dress or cook over coals, or before the tire. BROIL, v. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like meat over the fire ; to be greatly heated, or to sweat with heat. BROILED, pp. or a. Cooked or dressed by heat. BROIL'ER, n. One who excites broils ; that which dresses by broiling. BROIL'ING, ppr. or a. Cooking over coals ; sweating. BRoKE, v. i. [Sax. brucan.] To transact business for an- other in trade. BRoKE,- ;??■#. and^p. of break. BRf/K-EN (brolui), pp. or a., from break. Parted by vio. lence ; rent asunder ; infirm ; made bankrupt. BRo'K£N-BA€K£D (bro'kn-bakt), a. A broken-backed ship is one which is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end. BRo'KEN-BEL-LIED, a. Having a ruptured belly. BRo'KEN-HEaRT-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair. BRo'KEN-MeAT, n. Meat that has been cut up; frag- merits.— Swift. BRo'K.EN-WiND, n. A disease in the lungs of horses, lead- ing to the necessity of two expirations for one inspiration. — Farm. Encyc. BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse. BRo'K.EN-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner • without a regular series. — Hakewill. BRo'K£N-NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; uneven- ness. 2. Contrition. BRo'KER, n. 1. An agont or negotiator, who is employed by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in old household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. — Shak. BRo'KER-AdE, n. 1. The business or employment of a broker. — Burke. 2. The fee, reward, or commission given or charged for transacting business as a broker. BRo'KER-LY, a. Mean ; servile. — Jonson. T BRo'KER- Y, n. The business of a broker.— [Ml. BRo'KING. ppr. Pertaining to, or practiced by broker*. BRo'MAL, n. A. fluid formed from bromine and alcohol. BRo'MATE, n. A compound of bromic acid with a base. BRoME, n. [Gr. (ipooixoi.] See Bromine. BRoME'-GRaSS, n. A name common to many species of coarse grass, of little value as fodder. BRo'MIG ACID, n. An acid compound of bromine and oxygen. BRo'MID, n. A compound of bromine with a metallic or combustible base. BRo'MINE, n. [Gr. fipoouos.] An elementary acidifying and basifying substance, found in sea-water and marine pro- ductions. It is a deep-red fluid, very offensive in smell. BRONCH'I-AL, a. [Gr; (3poyx°S-) Belonging to the bronchick, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs. BRONCH'IG, a. The same as bronchial. BRONCHIA ' ( n ' ^" ^ e rairunca tions of the trachea In BRONCH'l", ' > the lungs. BRONCH-I'TIS, 7i. An inflammation of some part of tbu bronchial membrane. BRONCH'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. Ppoyxos and K T}\r).] An enlarged thyroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part of the goiter ; the Derbyshire neck. part of the neck, called BRONCH-OPH'O-NY, n. [Gr. l3poy X oS and 0wv^.l In med- icine, the sound of the voice audible in the bronchial tubed , occurring only in certain diseases. BRONCH-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. PpoyxoS and tow.] An incision into the wind-pipe or larynx, between the rings ; called, also, tracheotomy. BRONCHUS, n. [L. from Gr. (SpoyxoS-] The wind-pipe BROND, n. A sword. See Brand. BRON-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. (ipovTrj and \oyos-] A discourse or dissertation upon thunder. * BRONZE (bronze or bronze), n. [Fr. bronze.] 1. A com- pound of copper and tin, to which other metallic sub- stances are sometimes added, especially zinc. 2. A co^r prepared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among antiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among medalists, any copper medal. * BRONZE, v. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper- dust or leaf fastened on the outside. 2. To harden. 3. To make of the color of bronze. * BRoNZ'JED, pp. or a. Made to resemble bronze ; browned. * BRONZING, ppi Imitating bronze ; turning to the color of bronze. * BR5NZTNG, n. The act or art of imitating bronze BR5NZTTE, n. A variety of hornblende, having nearly the lustre of bronze. * BRoOCH (broche), n. [Slav, obrutsh.] 1. An ornamental utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2. A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color. BRoOCH, v. t. To adorn or famish with brooches or jew- els. — Shak. BROOD, v. i. [Sax. hrod 1 ] To sit on and cover, as a fowl on her eggs. 2. To sit on ; to spread over, as with wings. 3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous thought 4. To mature any thing with care. BROOD, v. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. Tc cherish ; as, to brood sorrow. — Dryden. BROOD, n. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring; progeny. 2. A hatch; the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is bred ; species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The act of covering the eggs, or of brooding. — Shak. ; [unusual ] BROOD'-MIRE, n. A mare kept for breeding. BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished. BROODING, ppr. Sitting on ; covering and warmipg ; dwelling on with anxiety. BROOD'Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching : in- clined to sit. — Ray. [ Un usual.] BROOK, n. [Sax. broc, or brooc] A small natural stream of water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less than a river. BROOK, v. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest To bear ; to endure ; to support. — Dryden. t BROOK, v. i. To endure.— Sidney. BROOK'-LlME, n. A plant. BROOK'-MINT, n. The water mint BROOK'-WEED, n. A plant ; water pimpernel. BROOK'LET, n. A small brook. BROQK'Y, a. Abounding with brooks. — Dyer. BROOM, n, [Sax. brum.] 1. A branched evergreen shrub, with yellow flowers, and growing on sandy soils. — Irand&. 2. A besom, or brush with a long handlo, for sweeping floors. BROOM. See Bream. Ste Synopsis, a, e, I, &c, long.—X i, I &c. short.— FA - R, FALL, WHAT ,— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M'WE, BOOK. BRO 129 BEU BROOM'-GORN, n. A species of Guinea-corn, bearing a head, of which brooms are made. BROOM-LAND, n. Land producing broom. BROOM'-RaPE, n, A plant, orobanche, or strangle-weed, a genus of British perennial epiphyte plants. BROOMTNG a ship. See Bream. BROOM'STAFF, \n. The staff or handle of a broom.— BROOM'STICK, 5 Swift. BROOM'Y, a. Full of broom; containing broom. BRo'SiSN, a. Burned. — Craven dialect. [Not used.] BROTH, n. [Sax. broth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled and macerated. 2. In America, the word is often applied to f cdnung water, or snow and water mingled ; as, snow- ING-NESS, n. State of 1 udding. MoVE.BOQK, BUG 131 BUL BUD 'DUE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards, used in washing tin ore. — Ash. BUD'DLE, v. i. Among miners, to wash ore. BODE' LIGHT, n. [from Bude, the residence of the invent- or, G. < Juruey.] An intense white light, produced by burn- ing pi -ified coal-gas in a compound Argand lamp of a pe- culiar construction. BUDGE, v. t. [Fr. and Norm, bouger.] To move off; to stir ; to wag. In America, wag is much used as equivalent to budge ; but the use of both words is vulgar. BUDgE, re. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. BUDgE, a. 1. Brisk; jocund 2. Surly; stiff; formal. [Obs.] BUDgE'-BACH'E-LORS, n. pi. A company of men who accompany the lord-mayor of London at his inauguration. BUDgE'-BAR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head, used for carrying powder. IBUDgE'NESS, n. Sternness ; severity. BUDg'ER, n. One who moves or stirs from his place. BUDg'E-RO, 7i. A large Bengal pleasure-boat. BUDG'ET, n. [Fr. bougette.] 1. A bag; a little sack, with its contents. Hence, a stock or store. 2. The papers re- specting the finances of the British nation. The word is now used in a similar sense in France. — To open the budg- et, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates of the government. r BUDG'Y, a. Consisting of fur. BUD LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud. BUFF, n. [contracted from buffalo, or buffskin.] 1. Buff- skin ; a sort of leather, prepared with oil, like chamois, from the skin of the buffalo, and also the elk and some othes animals. 2. A military coat, made of buffskin or similar leather. 3. The color of a buff; a light yellow. 4. A yellow, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood drawn in inflammatory diseases. — Fair. BUFF, v. t. To strike. See Buffet. BUF'FA-LO, n. [It. and Sp. bufalo.] The bubalus, a species of the bovine genus. The name is also applied to wild oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of North America. See Bison. BUF'FA-LO-RoBE, n. The skin of the bison of North America, incorrectly called buffalo, prepared with the hair on. BUF'FEL-DUCK, n. Buffers-head duck, a bird. BUFF'-CoAT, n. A military bodice without sleeves, made of buffalo or other thick leather. BUFF'ER, n. A cushion to deaden the buff or percussion of a moving body, as a rail road car, when striking some other object : called, also, buffing apparatus. BUFF'ET, n. [Fr. buffet.] A cupboard, or set of shelves, for plates, glass, china, and other like furniture. BUFF'ET, n. [It. buffetto.] A blow with the fist; a box on the ear or face ; a slap. — Milton. BUFF'ET, v. t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box ; to beat. 2. To beat in contention; to contend against. BUFF'ET, v. t To exercise or play at boxing. BUFF'ET-ED, pp. Struck; beaten. BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buffets ; a boxer. BUFF'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with the hand; boxing; con- tending against. BUFF'ET-ING, 7i. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. A suc- cession of blows ; contention"; attack ; opposition. BUFFTN, 7i. A sort of coarse stuff. BUF'FLE, n. [Fr.] The buffalo. DUFFLE, v. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss. — Swift. BUF'FI.F.-HeAD, ?i. One who has a large head. BUF'FLE-He AD-ED (buffl-hed-ed), a. Having a large head, like a buffalo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. BUF'FO. [It] The comic actor in an opera. BUF-FOON', n. [Fr. bouffon.] 1. A man who makes a prac- tice of amusing others by low tricks, antic jestures and postures, jokes, and other vulgar pleasantries. A droll; a mimic. 2. He who uses indecent raillery. BUF-FOON', v. t. To make ridiculous. BUF-FOONTER-Y, n. The arts and practices of a buffoon ; low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and postures. BUF-FOONTNG, n. Buffoonery.— Dry den. BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon ; consisting in low jests or gestures. BUF-FOON'ISM, n. The practices of a buffoon. \ BUF-FOON'IZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or buffoon. BUF-FOON'-LIKE, a. Resembling a mrffoon. BUF-FOON'L Y, a. Consisting of low, vulgar tricks. 8UFTY, a. 1. Resembling the buff of blood in color and texture ; as, the buffy coat of the blood. 2. Pertaining to buff on the blood. BnTON-ITE, n. [L. bnfo.] Toadstone. BUG, n. [qu. W. bac, bycan.] The name of a vast multitude of insects, which infest houses and plants. BUG, ) n. [W. bwg.] A frightful object ; a walking BUG'BEIR, 5 spectre ; any thing imaginary that is consid- ered as frightfu'.. — Locke. HUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. — A^ch^ieltcp King. BUG'GER, n. [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime agains* nature. A vile wretch; a term of reproach. BUG'GER- Y, n. The unnatural and detestable crime, of car nal intercourse of man or woman with a beast; or of hu man beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy. BUG'GI-NESS, 7t. The state of being infected with bugs. BUG'GY, 7i. A small one-horse carriage. — Smart. BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs. Bu'GLE, \n. [W. bugail] I. A hunting-horn - Bu'GLE-HORN, <, Shak. 2. A military instrument of music. Bu'GLE, n. An elongated glass bead, of various colors, Jhough more commonly black. Bu'GLE, n. [L. bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants, aju- ga, of several species. Bu'GLE, n. [L. buculus.] A sort of wild ox. Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the lycopus virginicus, some- times used in medicine. Bu'GLOSS, n. [L. buglossus.] A genus of plants, anchusa, used for dyeing and coloring. BUG'WoRT, n. A plant, the cimicifuga. BuHL (bule), n. The name of fight and complicated figures of brass, unburnished gold, &c, let as an ornament into jurfaces of ebony or other dark wood, or tortoise-shell. BuHL'-YVoRK, 7i. "Work in which wood is inlayed with buhL BUHR'SToNE (bur'stone), n. A sub-species of silex or quartz. This word is often written burr-stone. BUILD (bild), v. t. ; pret. built; pp. built. The regular pret and pp., builded, is sometimes used. [Sax. byldan.] [The spelling bild would be more accordant with the deriva- tion.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice. 2. To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular form , as, to build up a theory. 3. To raise any thing on a sup- port or foundation ; as, to build one's hopes. — 4. In Scrip- ture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement and knit to- gether ; to settle, or establish and preserve. BUILD (bild), v. i. 1. To exercise the art, or practice the business of building. 2. To construct, rest, or depend on as a foundation. BUILD'ER (bild'er), n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator. BUILD'ING (bild'ing),£7jr. Framing and erecting ; resting on. BUILDING (bild'ing), n. A fabric'or edifice constructed for use or convenience, as a house. BUILT (hilt), pp. Framed and raised ; constructed. BUILT (bilt), it. 1. Form , shape ; general figure of a struc- ture. — Dry den. 2. Species of building. BUL, 72. The common flounder. — Chambers. BULB, it. [Gr. [io\6oS-] A round body, applied to many ob- jects. But in botany, it is appropriately a scaly body, either above or below ground, emitting fibrous roots from its base, and a stem from its center, as the onion. BULB. v. i. To bulb out, is to project, or be protuberant. — Evelyn. [Little used.] BULB-a'CEOUS (bul-ba'shus), a. Bulbous. BULBED, a. Round-headed. BULB-IF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. BULB'OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs, or a bulb ; growing from bulbs ; round, or roundish. 2. Containing a knob, or protuberant part; swelling out; presenting rounded elevations. BUL'B UL, n. The nightingale of the Persians, represented as enamored of the opening rose-bud. BUL'CHIN, 7i. A young male calf.— Marston. BULGE, 72. A different orthography of bilge. [W. bwlg.\ The bilge or protuberant part of a cask ; protuberance. EULgE, v. i. 1. To swell out; to be protuberant. 2. To bilge, as a ship. See Bilge. BULg'ING, ppr. or a. Swelling out; bilging. As an adjec- tive, protuberant. Bu'LI-MY, \n. [Gr. Pov'Sinia.] A voracious appetite; a BU-LIM'I-A, _S disease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food, and often faints, if not in- dulged. BULK, n. [W.biclg.] 1. Magnitude of material substance; whole dimensions ; size of a thing. 2. The gross ; tho majority ; the mam mass or body. — Swift. 3. Main fabric. 4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out. — Shak. To break bulk, hi seamen's language, is to begin to unload.— In bulk, in a mass, or solid state ; as, pork in bulk, or bulk pork, i. e., pork net cut up or prepared for packing. — Sale by bulk, is a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure. — Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. — Syn. Size ; magnitude; greatness; largeness; extent; majority. BULK'-He AD, 72. A partition in a ship, made with boards, &c, to form separate apartments. BULK'I-NESS, 7?.. Greatness in bulk, size, or stature. BULK'Y, a. Large ; of great dimensions. BULL, 7i. [GermT bull.] 1, The male of the bos, or bovine genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female. 2. In a Scriptural sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. D6VE ; -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Qboo'ete. BUM 132 BCJO BIJLL, •>. [It. be a. This name t^as given to the seal whki wt.-a appe ,ded to the edicts and briefs of the pope, and, it process of time, applied to the edict itself.— Spel- man.] 1. A letter, edict, or rescript of the pope, pub- lished or transmitted to the churches over which he ia head, containing some decree, order, or decision. BULL, n. A verbal blunder, or contradiction. More exactly, an apparent congruity, but real incongruity of ideas, sud- denly discovered.— Rev. Syd. Smith. BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large head. BULL'-BaITING, n. The practice of baiting or exciting 'bulls with dogs. — Addison. BULL'-BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef. BULL'-BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful. BI/LL'-GaLF (-kaf ), n. A male calf; a stupid fellow. BULL'-DOG, n. A species of dog, of remarkable courage. BULL'-FaC-ED (-faste), a. Having a large face.— Dryden. BULL'-FeAST. See Bull-fight. BULL'-FlGHT, n. A combat with a bull; an amusement among the Spaniards and Portuguese. BULL'-FINCH, n. A bird of the grosbeak kind. BULL'-FLY, \n. The gad-fly, or breeze, a tormentor of BULL'-BEE, J cattle. BULL'-FROG, n. A large species of frog. BIJLL'-HeAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus, having a spinous head, which is broader than the body. 2. A stupid fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black water vermin. BULL'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout. BULL-WEED, n. Knap-weed. — Johnson. BiJLL'-WqRT, n. Bishop's-weed. — Johnson. BULL'S-EYE (-1), n. 1. Among seamen, a piece of wood in the form of a ring. 2. A small circular window or open- ing. 3. A thick, round glass let into a ship's deck to give light below. 4. Aldebaran, a star. 5. A small, obscure cloud, portending a great storm. BULL'S'-NoSE, n. In architecture, the external angle of a polygon, or of two lines which meet at an obtuse angle. BUL'LA, n. 1. A genus of univalvular testaceous mollusca. 2. A bleb ; a vesicle, or elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid. BULLACE. n. A wild, sour plum, of a light color. BULL-ANTIC, a. Designating certain ornamental capital letters, used in apostolic bulls. [It is used, also, as a ?ioun.] BULLA-RY, n. A collection of papistical bulls. BUL'LATE, a. [L. bullatus.] Having elevations, like blisters. BUL'LEN-NaILS, n. pi. Nails with round heads and short shanks, turned and lackered. BULL'ET, n. [Fr. boulet.] A ball of iron or lead, used to load muskets, rifles, pistols, &c. BULL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. A report of a state of facts, issued 'by authority, as of military events, or the health of some distinguished personage. 2. In a wider sense, any public notice or announcement, especially of recent news. BUL'LE-TIN-BoARD, ri. A board for posting up recent in- telligence, as at news-rooms, printing-offices, &c. BULL'LED (buHid), pp. Insulted. BULLION (bull'yon), n. [Fr. billon.] Uncoined gold or silver in the mass. — In political economy, the word denotes gold and silver, both coined and uncoined. — P. Cyc. BUL'LI-RAG, v. t. To insult in a bullying manner. BULLISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. — Milton. BULLTST, 7i. A writer of papal bulls.— Harmar. BUL'LlTE, n. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of shells, of the genus bulla. \ BUL-Li"TION, n. [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling. Superseded by ebullition. BULL'OCK, n. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull. — In America., it is applied to a full-grown ox. BULL'0€K'tS-EYE (-i), n. A small, thick glass or sky-light in a covering or roof. BULLY, n. [3w. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing, quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and empty menaces than for courage. — Addison. BULLY, v. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus- tering menaces. King.—&YN. To bluster ; 6wagger ; va- por; crow; hector; domineer. BULLY, v. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome. BULLYING, ppr. Insulting with threats. BUL'RUSH, n. [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of rush, growing in wet land or water. BUL'RUSH-Y, a. Made of bulrushes.— Huloet. BULSE, n. A certain quantity of diamonds. Wraxall [India] \ BUL'TEL, 7i. A bolter, or bolting-cloth ; also, bran. BULWARK, n. [Sw. bolvarck.] 1. In fortification, a bas- tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any means of defense. 3. That which secures against an enemy or externa] annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means of pro- tection and safety. BJJL'WARK, v. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by a fortification ; to protect. — Addison. BUM, 7i. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit. BUM, v. i. To make a noise. — Marston. BUM-BIIL'IFF, 71. [a corruption of bound bailiff.] In Eng land, an under-bailiff. BUM'-BoAT, 7i. A small boat, for carrying provisions to - 8 ship at a distance from shore. BUM'BARD. See Bombard. BUM'BAST, 7i. [a different spelling of bombast, which see. 1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon another ; patch work. 2. Linen stuffed with cotton ; stuffing ; wadding. BUM'BLE-BEE, n. [L. bombus.] A large bee, sometime." called humble-bee ; so named from its sound. — Forby. BUM'KIN, 7i. [See Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting from each bow of a ship. 2. A small out-rigger over the stern of a boat. BUMP, 7i. [W. ptomp.] 1. A swelling or protuberance. 2. A thump ; a heavy blow. BUMP, v. i. To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern. It is also written boom ; [ W. bump.] BUMP, v. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or solid ; to thump. BUMP'ER, 7i. 1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over. Hence, 2. A crowded house at a thea tre, &c, in honor of some favorite performer. BUMP'KIN, 7i. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, oi country iout. — Locke. t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish.— Richardson. BUN. See Bunn. BUNCH, 7i. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a knob, or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind growing together. 3. A number of things tied together. 4. A collection of things ; a knot. BUNCH, v. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be pro. tuberant, or round. BUNCH, v. t. To form or tie in a bunch or bunches. BUNCH'-BACKED (bunch'-bakt), a. Having a bunch on th, back ; crooked. BUNCHI-NESS, n. The quality of being bunchy, or grow ing in bunches. BUNCHY, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; havinj tufts. BUN'DLE, n. [Sax. byndel.] 1. A number of things put to- gether. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a con- venient form for conveyance. BUN'DLE, v. t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often followed by up. — Swift. To bundle off, to send away in a hurry or pet— Halloway. BUNG, 7i. [Fr. bondon.] The stopple of the orifice in the bilge of a cask. BUNG, v. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with a bung ; to close up. BUNG'-DRA W-ER, n. A wooden mallet, of a peculiar form, for taking the bung out of a cask. [Local.] BUNG'-HoLE, 7i. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask. Sometimes shortened into bung. BUN 'GA-LoW, 7i. In Bengal, a country-house, erected by Europeans, and made of wood, bamboo, mats, and thatch. BUN"GLE (bung'gl), v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk- ward manner. — Dryden. BUN'GLE, v. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to manage awkwardly ; with up. — Dryden. BUN"GLE, 7i. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy performance. — Ray. BUN'GLER, 71. A clumsy, awkward workman ; one who performs without skill.— Peacham. BUN"GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly. BUN"GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwardly done. BUN"GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. BUNION (bun'yon), n. An excrescence on the great too, corresponding to a corn. BUNK, 7i. {Dan. bynke.] A case or frame of boards for a bed ; a word used in some parts of America. BUNK'ER, 7i. A large bin or receptacle for various things, as coals, &c. BUNN, ) 7i. [Scot, bun, bunn,] m A small cake, or a kind of BUN, £ sweet bread. — Gay' BUN'SING, 7i. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hopo. BUNT, 7i. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail. BUNT, v. i. 1. To swell out. 2. In popular language, to push with the horns ; to butt. BUNT'ER, 7i. A cant word for a woman who picks up rags in the streets ; hence, a low, vulgai woman. BUNTTNG, n. A bird of the genus emberiza ; as, the rice bunting, or bobolink. BUNTING, I 7i. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen stuff, of which BUN TINE, 5 the colors or flags ai .d signals of ships are made. BUNTLINES, n. pi. Ropes fastened to cringles on the bot- toms of square sails, * BUOY (bwoy), n. [Fr. bouee.] 1. A float. 2. A floating mark (as a large cask, &c), to point out the position of objects beneath the water, as shoals, rocks, an anchor, &e — Life buoy, a float to sustain persons who hive fallen overboard, till relief can be afforded them. See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—X, t, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— M ARJ'NE, B tRD ;— MO V ¥;■, BQ#K. BUR 133 BUR 'BTJoT (bwoy) v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid ; to bear up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water 01 air; with up. 2. To support or sustain ; to keep from sink- ing into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direc- tion to mariners. * BUOY (bwoy), v. i. To float : to rise by specific lightness. * BUOY'-RoPE, n. The rope which fastens a buoy to an anchor. * BUOY'AN-CY (bwoy'an-sy), n. 1. The quality of floating on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific lightness. 2. Figuratively, lightness of spirits ; animation ; vivacity. * BUOYANT (bwoy'ant), a. 1. Floating ; light ; that will not sinli; having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid. — Dry den, [unusual.] BUOY'ANT-LY, adv. In a buoyant manner. — Coleridge. BUoY'.ED, pp. Kept afloat on water ; supported. BUoYlNG, ppr. Keeping afloat ; sustaining. BU-PRES'TI-DANS, n. pi. A tribe of coleopterous insects, of brilliant metallic colors. — Kirby. BUR, > B6UR, \n. [Sax. bur.] A chamber, or a cottage. BOR, > BUPc, n. [Sax. burre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A rough- ness in sounding the letter R. 3. A broad ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used in tilting. BUPt/BOT, n. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus gadus, shaped like an eel. BUR'DE-LIIS (bur'de-lay), n. A sort of grape. BUR'D_EN (bur'dn), n., written, also, burthen. [Sax. byrden, byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carried. 2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty ; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. 3. A birth. — Skak. 4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus. 5. In common language, that which is often repeated ; a subject on which one dwells ; as, the burden of a man's complaint 6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities. 7. The contents of a ship ; the quantity or number of tons a vessel will carry. 8. A club. — Spenser, [not in use.] — Byn. Load; encumbrance; weight; freight; cargo. BURT) .EN (bur'dn), v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy load ; to encumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any thing grievous. 3. To surcharge. BURD.EN.ED (bur'dnd), pp. or a. Loaded with weight ; en- cumbered ; oppressed. BUR'D£N-EPc. n. One who loads ;* an oppressor. BUR'D_£N-OUS, a. 1. Grievous ; heavy to be borne ; op- pressive. 2. Cumbersome ; useless. — Milton. BUR'D EN-S6ME, a. Grievous to be borne; causing un- easiness or fatigue. — Syn. Heavy ; weighty ; ponderous ; cumbersome ; oppressive ; vexatious ; afflictive ; weari- some. BUR.'D£N-S6ME-LY, adv. In a burdensome manner. BUR'D EN-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden- some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness. BUR'DO€K, n. A genus of well-known troublesome plants. Bu'REAU (bu'ro), n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers, for keeping papers, or clothes. 2. A department for the transaction of business by a public functionary. BU-REAU'€RA-CY (bu-roltra-sy). A system in which the government is administered in departments, each under the control of a chief; opposed to a system in which the officers have co-ordinate authority. — Brande. BU-RETTE', n. In chemistry, an instrument for dividing a fluid into hundredths or thousandths. BURG, n. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif- ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A borough ; originally, a fortified town, but now, a city or town which sends members to parliament. See Borough. BURG'-MoTE, n. A borough court.— Burke. BURGAGE, n. [from burg.] in English law, a tenure, ap- Klied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are eld of some lord, in common socage, by a certain estab- lished rent. BTJRGA-MOT, n. 1. A species of pear. [See Beegamot.] 2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. BURG A -NET, ) n. [Fr. bourguignote.] A kind of helmet, BURG O-NET, 5 the Spanish murrion. BUR-GEOIS' (boor-zhwa'), n. [Fr. bourgeois.] A burgess. BUR-GEOIS' (bur-Jens'), 'Vt. . A species of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and larger than brevier. See Bourgeois. BUR'GWON. See Bourgeon. BURGEON (bur'jun), n. In gardening, a knot or button, put forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring. — Chambers. SURG'ER-MaSTER, n. An aquatic fowl. 'UR'GESS, n. [Fr. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor- ough, or walled town ; or, one who possesses a tenement therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre- sentative of a borough in parliament. 3. A magistrate of certain towns. BUR'G ESS-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a burgess. BURG'GRaVE, n. [Ger. burggraf.] In Germany mi hereon tary commander of a burg or castle. BURGH (burg), n. A different orthographj of bisg, bo? ough, which see. BURGH'-Bof E, n. In old laws, a contribution toward th* building orrepairing of castles, &c. BURGH'-BReCH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh, for • breach of the peace. BURGH'-MaS'TER, n. A burgomaster ; also, aa officer be the tin-mines. BURGH'-MoTE, n. The court of a burg or borough. BUB.GHER, n. An inhabitant of a burgh or borough, or one who enjoys the privileges of a place. BURGH'ER-SHIP, n. The state or privilege of a burgher. BURG'LAR, n. [burgh, or burg, a house, "and Arm. laer, a thief.] _ One guilty of nocturnal house-breaking. BURG-La'RI-AN, n. A person guilty of burglary. BURG-LI'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting the ciime of burglary. BURG'La'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With an intent to commit burglary ; in the manner of a burglar. BURG'LA-RY, n. The act or crime of nocturnal house- breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. BURG'O-JMaS'TER, n. 1. A burgh-master; a magistrate, or one employed in the government of a city. 2. An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull. BUR'GoUT, n. A kind of thick gruel used by seamen. BUR'GRaVE, n. [burg, and Ger. graf.] In some European countries, a hereditary governor of a town or castle ; more properly, burggrave. BUK'GUN-DY. n. A kind of wine, so called from Burgundy, in France. — Shenstone. BUR'GUN-DY-PITCH, n. Turpentine from which the es- sential oil has been distilled oil', used for plasters. BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate. It is Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower. BUR'I-AL (ber'e-al-), n. 1. The act of burying a deceased person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any thing under earth or water. 3. The church service for funerals. BUR'I-AL-PLaCE, n. A place appropriated to the burial of the dead : a grave-yard. BUR'I-AL-SERV'ICE, n. The church service for burials. BUR'I-ED (ber'rid), pp. or a. Deposited in the earth, or in a grave. BUR'I-ER (berie-er), n. One who buries a deceased person. Bu'RIN, n. [Fr. burin.] A graver; an instrument for en- graving. BURKE, v. t. [from the name of the Irishman who first com- mitted the crime, in 1829.] To murder a person with the intention of selling the body for dissection. BURK ED (burkt), pp. Murdered, as above. [Modern.] BURK'ING, ppr. Murdering, as above. BURK'ISM, n. The practice of killing persons for the pur- pose of obtaining bodies for dissection. — West. Rev. BURL. v. t. To pick burls, or knots, and other inequalities from cloth in the process of fulling. — Booth. BUR'LACE, 11. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of grapo BURL'ER, ii. A dresser of cloth. BUR-LESQUE' (bur-leskO, a. [Fr. ; It burlesco.] Jocular tending to excite laughter by ludicrous images. BUR-LESQUE', n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a con- trast between the subject and the manner of treating it which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2. A compo- sition in which the contrast between the subject and tho manner of considering it renders it ludicrous or ridiculous. — Syn. Satire ; irony ; wit ; humor ; buffoonery. BUR.-LESQUE', v. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to make ludicrous by representation. EUR-LESQ'UER (bur-lesk'er), n. One who burlesques, or turns to ridicule. BUR-LET'TA, n. [It] A comic opera ; a musical farce. BUR'LI-NESS, n. Bulk ; bluster. BUR'LY, a. Great in size ; bulky ; timid ; falsely great ; boisterous. — Dry den. BURN, v. t.; pret and pp. burned or burnt. [Sax. bernan, barnan, or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the volatile parts, and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To cleanse of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in the fire ; to bake or harden by heat. 5. To scorch ; to af- fect by heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to affect the flesh by heat 7. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry ex- cessively ; to cause to wither by heat. 9. To heat or in- flame; to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. 11. To calcine with heat. 12. To affect with ex- cessive heat; as, the fever burns the patient To subject to the action of fire ; to heat, or dry ; as, to bum colors. — To bzirn up, to consiime entirely by fire. — To burn oui, to burn till the fuel is all consumed. BURN, v. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete BUR 134 BUS spuria - ! ?. ^o b<« Inflamed with passion or desire. 4. To act Midi &

u>, or E-NIG-MA-TOL'0-6Y, j Aoyoj.J The art of making and solving riddles. EN-JSIL', v. t. To put into jail. — Smart. EN-JOIN', v. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com- mand ; to prescribe. Says Johnson, " This word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than com- mand.' — 2. In law, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct a legal injunction to stop proceedings. EN-JOINi?b' (en-joind'), pp. Ordered ; directed ; admon- ished with authority ; commanded. EN-JOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins. EN-JOIN'ING, ppr. Ordering ; directing. — Brown. EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction; command; authoritative admonition. EN-JOY', v. t. [Fr.jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with pleas- ure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction; to take pleasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos- sess, and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold, or occupy, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. EN- JOY', v. i. To live in happiness.— Milton. [Unusual.'] EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed.— Pope. EN-JOYED' (en-joyd'), pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat- isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure ; occupied with content. EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys. EN-jpY'ING, ppr. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with satisfaction. EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. A state of pleasurable sensation. 2. Possession with satisfaction ; occupancy of any thing good vr desirable.— Syn. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; gratification ; fruition ; happiness. JN-KIN'DLE, v. t. 1. To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame. 2. To excite ; to rouse into action ; to inflame. EN-KIN'DL£D (-kin'dld),£p. Set on fire; inflamed; roused into action : excited. EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming ; rousing ; excitinar. EN-LSCE'. See Inlace. EN-LaRD', v. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste EN-LXRDED, pp. Basted with lard. EN-LXRD'ING, ppr. Greasing. EN-LXRdE' (en-larj'). v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth, or size ; to expand in bulk. 2. To dilate ; to expand, as with joy or love. 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4. To increase in appearance ; to magnify to the eye. 5. To set at liberty; to release from confinement or pressure. See Synopsis. A, E, I. &c, long — a, E, 1, p. Fixed by the root ; planted or fixed deep EN-ROOT'ING, ppr. Fixing by the root; planting deep. t EN-ROUND', v. t. To environ ; to surround ; to inclose. EN ROUTE' (ang-rootO. [Fr.] Upon the road ; in progress. ENS, n. [L. ens.] Entity ; being ; existence. — Among tho old chemists, the concentrated power, virtue, or efficacy of any thing. [Little used.] t EN-SXFE', v. t. To render safe.— TV. Bell. EN-SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemjrfum.] An example; a pattern or model for imitation. [Rarely used.] EN-SAM'PLE, v. t. To exemplify; to show by example. [Seldom used.] EN-SAN"GUJNE (-sang'gwin), v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain or cover with blood ; to smear with sore. EN-SAN"GU1NED, pp. or a. Suffused or stained with blood. EN'SaTE, a. [L. ensis.] Having sword-shaped leaves. EN-SCHED'ULE, v. t. To insert in a schedule.— Shak. See Schedule. EN-SCONCE' (en-skonsO, v. t. To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure, or hide. EN-SCONCED' (en-skonstf), pp. Covered or sheltered, as by a sconce or fort ; protected ; secured. EN-SCONCING, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a fort EN-Se AL', v. t. To seal ; to fix a seal on ; to impress. EN-SeALED' (en-seeldO, pp. Impressed with a seaL EN-SEALTNG, ppr. Sealing ; affixing a seal to. EN-SeAL'ING, n. The act of affixing a seal to. EN-SeAM', v. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam. EN-SE AMED', a. Greasy.— Sluik. EN-Se AMED' (en-seemd'), pp. Sewed up. EN-SeAM'ING, ppr. Sewing up. EN-Se AR', v. t. To sear; to cauterize; to close or stop by burning to hardness. — Shak. . t EN-SE ARCH' (en-serchO, v. i. To search for ; to try to find. EN-SE ARE D' (en-seerd'), pp. Seared to hardness. EN-SeAR'ING, ppr. Searing to hardness. EN-SEM'BLE (ang-sanrbl), n. [Fr.] 1. The whole ; all the parts taken together. — 2. In the fine arts, this term da- notes the masses and details considered with relation to each other. — Brande. EN-SHIeLD', v. t. To shield ; to cover ; to protect [Shak* peare uses enshield for enshielded.] EN-SHIeLD'ED, pp. Protected. DOVE :— BUL L, UNITE ;— AN"GE h, Vf "CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; " OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, ENT 358 ENT EN-.3ft F.LDTNG ppr. Covering with a shield. EN-SH tli'NE', v. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest ; to de- posit for safe-keeping n a cabinet. EN-SHRiNjED' (en-shri ad), pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved in a shrine or chest. I Inclosed ; placed, as in a shrine. EN-SHRlN'ING, ppr.. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet EN-SHROUD', v. t. To cover with a shroud. EN-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L ensis and fero.] Bearing or carry- ing a sword. F.N'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.] Having the shape of a sword. EN'SiGN (en'sine), n. [Fr. enseigne.] 1. The flag or banner of a military band, or of a vessel; a banner of colors ; a national flag or standard. 2. Any signal to assemble or to give notice. 3. A badge ; a mark of distinction, rank, or office. 4. The officer who carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry. EN'SiGN-BEaR'ER, n. He who carries the flag ; an ensign. ENSIGN-CY, n. The rank, office, or commission of an en- sign. fEN-SKl.ED' (en-skide'), a. Placed in heaven; made im- mortal. EN-SL1VE', v. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage; to deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 2. To reduce to servitude or subjection, as to habits or passions. EN-SLAV.ED' (en-slavd'), pp. or a. Reduced to slavery or subjection. EN-SL1 V'ED-NESS, n. State cf being enslaved. EN-SLaVE'MENT n. The state of being enslaved ; slavery ; bondage ; servitude. — South. EN-SLaV'ER, n. He who reduces another to bondage. EN-SLaV'ING, ppr. Reducing to bondage. EN-SNaRE'. See Insnare. EN-SNARL', v. t. To entangle. — Spenser. EN-SNARL', v. i. To snarl ; to gnash the teeth. — Cockeram. EN-SN;vR,L£D' (en-snarld'), pp. Entangled. EN-SNAftL'ING, ppr. Entangling. EN-So'BER, v. t. To make sober.— Taylor. EN-So'BERjED, pp. Made sober. EN-SO'BER-ING, ppr. Making sober. EN-SPHeRE', v. t. 1, To place in a sphere. 2. To make into a sphere. EN-SPHER.ED' (en-sferd'), pp. Placed in a sphere. EN-SPHeR'1NG, ppr. Placing in a sphere. EN-STAMP', v. t. To impress, as with a stamp ; to impress deeply. EN-STAMP.ED' (en-stamptf), pp. Impressed deeply. EN-STAMP '1NG, ppr. Impressing deeply. EN-STyLE', v. t. To style ; to name ; to call. [Little used.] fEN-SuE', v. t. [Fr. ensuivre.] To follow; to pursue. EN-SoE', v. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises. 2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to suc- ceed ; to come after. EN-Su'ING, ppr. or a. Following as a consequence ; corn- ing next after ; succeeding. EN-SORE', and its derivatives. See Insure. EN-SWEEP', v. t. To sweep over; to pass over rapidly. EN-TAB'LA-TURE, )n. [Sp. entablamento ; Fr. entablement.] EN-Ta'BLE-MENT, 5 In architecture, that part of the order of a column which is over the capital, including the archi- trave, frieze, and cornice. tEN-TACK'LE, v. t. To supply with tackle.— Skclton. EN-TaIL', n. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entailed, or limited hi descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2. Rule of descent settled for an estate. 3. Delicately carved or- namental work ; [obs.] EN-TAIL', v. t. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene- ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To cut ; to carve for ornament ; [obs.] EN-TaILED' (en-taW), pp. or a. 1. Settled on a man and certain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his descendants. EN -TaIL'ING, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv- ing, as lands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of descent. EN-TaIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un- alienably on a man and his heirs. EN-TaME', v. t. To tame ; to subdue.— Gower EN-TaMED', pp. Tamed; subdued. EN-TaM'ING, ppr. Taming. EN-TAN"GLE (en-tang'gl), v. t. 1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated , to make confused or disordered. 2. To involve in any thino- com- plicated, and from which it is difficult to extricate one's eelf. 3. To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 4. To involve in difficulties ; to perplex ; to embarrass". 5. To puzzle; to bewilder. 6. To insnare by captious questions; to catch; to perplex. 7. To perplex or dis- * Sec Synopsis. tract, as with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difil culties. EN-TAN"GL£D (en-tang'gld), pp. or a. Twisted together interwoven in a confused manner ; intricate ; perplexed involved; embarrassed; insnared. EN-TAN"GLE-MENT, n. State of being entangled ; invo lution ; a confused cr disordered state ; intricacy ; pel plexity. — Locke. EN-TAN"GLER, n. One who entangles. EN-TAN"GLING, ppr. Involving ; interweaving or inter locking in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring. ENTA-SIS, n. [Gr.J The almost imperceptible swelling ot the shaft of a column. — Brande. EN-TASS'MENT, n. [Fr.] Aheap; accumulation. EN-TASTIC, a. Relating to all diseases characterized by tonic spasms. EN-TEN'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness. EN'TER, v. t. [Fr. entrer.] 1. To move or pass into a place, in any manner whatever ; to come or go in ; to walk or ride in ; to flow in ; to pierce or penetrate. 2. To advance into, in the progress of life ; as, to enter one's twentieth year. 3. To begin in a business, employment, or service ; to enlist or engage in, as a soldier. 4. To become a mem- ber of; as, to enter the university. 5. To admit or intro- duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll. 8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and gain admittance or permission to land. 9. To cause to enter ; to insert, as one piece of carpentry into another. EN'TER, v. i. 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To flow in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate ; as, a ball entered his brain. 4. To penetrate mentally ; as, to enter into the details of a scheme. 5. To engage in, as a project. 6. To be initiated in. 7. To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part. t EN'TER-DEAL, n. Mutual dealings.— Spenser. EN'TER.E D, pp. or a. Moved in ; come in ; pierced; pene- trated ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing. EN'TER-ER, n. One who is making a beginning. — Seward. EN'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; piercing ; penetrating ; setting down in writing ; enlisting ; engaging. 2. a. Beginning ; preparing the way ; as, an entering wedge. EN'TER-ING, n. Entrance ; a passing in. EN-TE-Ri'TIS, n. [Gr. evTepov, intestine.] An inflammation of the intestines. EN-TER-LACE'. See Interlace. EN-TER'O-CeLE, n. [Gr. evrepov and KT)\r].] In surgery, a herniai rumor, in any situation, whose contents are intes- tine. EN-TER-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. evTspov and XoyoS.] A treatise or discourse on the bowels or internal parts of the body, usually including the contents of the head, breast, and belly. EN-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. zvrtpov and o/i^aAo?.] An umbilical hernia, whose contents are intestine. EN-TER-PXR'LANCE, n. [Fr. entre and parler.] Parley ; mutual talk or conversation ; conference. EN-TER-PLeAD'. See Interplead. EN'TER-PRlSE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken or at- tempted to be performed ; particularly, a bold, arduous, or hazardous undertaking, either physical or moral. — Syn. Undertaking ; adventure ; attempt. EN'TER-PRlSE, v. t. To undertake ; to begin and attempt to perform. — Dryden. EN'TER-PRIS.E D, pp. Undertaken; attempted. EN'TER-PRlS-ER, n. An adventurer ; one who under- takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard- ous one. EN'TER-PRlS-ING, ppr. 1. Undertaking, especially a bold design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute ; adventurous ; venturesome ; active or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. EN'TER-PRlS-ING-LY, adv. In an enterprising manner. EN-TER-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. entretenir.] 1. To receive into the house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table only, or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversation ; to amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to engage the attention and retain the company of one, by agreeable conversation, discourse, or argument. 3. To keep in one's service; to maintain. 4. To keep, hold, or mair'-ain in the mind with favor'; to reserve in the mind ; to harbor ; to cherish ; as, to entertain high thoughts of God. 5. To receive or admit, with a view to consider and decide ; as, to entertain a proposal. — T. Chalmers. 6. To maintain ; to support ; as, to entertain a hospital ; [obs.] 7. To please , to amuse: to divert. 8. To treat, to supply with provi- sions and liquors, or with provisions and lodging, for re- ward ; as, a tavern-keeper entertains company. t EN-TER-TaIN', n. Entertainment.— Spen^r. EN-TER-TaIN ED' (en-ter-tand'), pp. Received with hospi- tality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the mind. EN-TER-TaIN'ER, n. 1. He who entertains he who re- ceives company with hospitality, or for rev Hi a. V 7 [e fi, I, &c, long.— A, E. 1, &c., short,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. EiRD - -M ; VE, 1?Q0*. ENT 359 ENT vho retains others in his service. 3. He that amuses, ^lajses, ir diverts. EN-TERA'aIN'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving with hospitality; receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda- tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with f avor ; en- gaging the attention ; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing , amusing ; diverting. fiN-TER-tXINTNG-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. EN-TER-TaIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of entei raining. -■■Coleridge. EN-TER-TaIN'MENT, n. 1. The receiving and accommo- dating of guests, either with or without reward. 2. Pro- visions of the table ; hence, also, a feast ; a superb dinner or supper. 3. The pleasure or instruction derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oratory, music, dra- matic performances, &c. ; the pleasure which the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which holds or arrests the attention. 4. The act of receiving or admit- ting. 5. The state of being in pay or service ; [obs.] 6. Payment of those retained in service; [obs.] 7. That which entertains ; that which serves for amusement ; the lower comedy ; farce. — Syn. Amusement ; diversion ; recreation ; pastime ; sport ; reception ; admission ; feast ; banquet; repast; carousal. EN-TER-TIS'SUED (-tish'ude), a. Interwoven ; having va- rious colors intermixed. — Shak. ENTHE-AL, a. [Gr. ev and $eoS-] Divinely inspired. EN-THE-ASTIG, a. [Gr. ev and §eos.] Having the energy of God. EN-THE-ASTIG-AL-LY, adv. According to deific energy. \ EN'THE-AT, a. [Gr. evOeos-] Enthusiastic. EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Inthrall. EN-THRILL', v. %. To pierce. -See Thrill. EN-THRoNE', y. t. 1. To place on a throne ; to exalt to the seat of royalty. 2. To exalt to an elevated place or seat. 3. To invest with sovereign authority. 4. To induct or in- stall a bishop into a vacant see. EN-THRoKE D' (en-thrond'), pp. or a. Seated on a throne ; exalted to an elevated place ; inducted into a vacant see. EN-THRoNE'MENT, n. Act of enthroning. EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Seating on a throne ; raising to an exalted seat ; inducting into a vacant see. EN-THRoN-I-ZS'TION, n. The placing of a bishop in his stall or throne, in his cathedral. — Hook. * EN-THRoN'lZE, v. t. To enthrone ; to induct into a stall, as a bishop. EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder. EN-THu'SI-ASM (en-thu'ze-azm), n. [Gr. evdovata^ios.) 1. A belief or conceit of private revelation; the vain confi- dence or opinion of a person that he has special divine communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in- tercourse with him. 2. Heat of imagination ; violent pas- sion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some object, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of success. EN-THu'SI-AST (en-thu'ze-ast), n. [Gr. evdovaiaareS.] 1. One who imagines he has special or supernatural converse with God, or special communications from him, 2. One whose imagination is warmed ; one whose mind is highly excited with the love or in the pursuit of an object ; a per- son of ardent zeal. 3. One of elevated fancy or exalted ideas. Dryden. — Syn. Visionary ; fanatic ; devotee. \ EN-THU-SI-AST'IC, n. An enthusiast.— Sir T. Herbert. EN-THU-SI-AST'IG, \a. 1. Filled with enthusiasm, or EN-THU-SI-AST'IC-AL, 5 the conceit of special intercourse' with God or revelations from him. 2. Highly excited in the pursuit of an object ; heated to animation. 3. Eleva- ted ; tinctured with enthusiasm. — Syn. Warm ; ardent ; zealous ; heated ; inflamed ; devoted ; visionary ; fanatical. EN-THU-SI-AST'IG-AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm. EN-THY-ME-MATIG-AL, a. Pertaining to an enthymeme ; including an enthymeme. ENTHY-MEME, n. [Gr. evdv/irjua.] In rhetoric, an argument consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and a consequent deduced from it EN-TlCE', v. t. [Sp. atizar; Fr. attiscr.] 1. To incite or in- stigate, by exciting hope or desire ; to induce to sin ; to urge or lead astray. 2. To incite ; to allure. — Enfield ; [in a good sense.} — Syn. To allure; attract; decoy; tempt; seduce ; inveigle ; persuade ; induce ; prevail on. EN-TfCED' (en-rlsf), pp. Incited; instigated to evil; se- duced by promises or persuasions ; persuaded ; allured. EN-TlCE'MENT, n. 1. The act or practice of inciting to evil. 2. Means of inciting to evil ; that which seduces by exciting the passions. — Syn. Instigation ; allurement ; at- traction • seduction ; blandishment ; temptation ; wile ; .rtcoy. EN-TlC'ER, n. One who entices ; one who incites or insti- gates to evil ; one who seduces. EN-'J ICING, ppr. 1. Inciting to evil ; urging to sin by mo- tives, flattery, or persuasion ; alluring. 2. a. Having the qualities that entice or ailure. EN-TlC'ING-LY, adv. Charmingly ; in a winning manner. tEN-TIER'TY, n. [Old Fr. enticrtie.] The whole.— Bacon, ~~, HC VE ;— BULL^lpNlTE7^N''GER _ VrclOUS.-€"^ EN-TlRE', a. [Fr. entier ; Sp. rttero ; Port vum* It.inte ro.] 1. Whole; undivided, unbroken; coir.f v a. Pertaining to ^Eolia or iEolis, in Asia Mi- E-OL'I-G, 5 nor, inhabited by Greeks. — Eolian lyre or harp is a simple stringed instrument that sounds by the impulse of air, named from JEolus, the deity of the winds. E-O'LI-AN AT-TACH'MENT, to. A contrivance attached to a piano-forte, by which a stream of air can be thrown on the strings, which greatly increases the volume of sound. E-OL'I-PlLE, to. [L. JEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of metal, with a pipe or slender neck having a small orifice, used in experiments with steam. E'ON, to. [Gr. aiu)v.] In the Platonic philosophy, virtue, at- tribute, or perfection existing from eternity. The Gnostics considered the eons as emanations from the Deity, having divine attributes. EP'I i [Gr. £7n 'l * n com P os iti° n > usually signifies on. E'PACT, to. [Gr. e-naKrog.] In chronology, a term denoting the moon's age at the end of the year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the be- ginning of the year. — Brande. EP-AN-A-DIP-Lo'SIS, n. [Gr.] Repetition; a figure of speech by which a sentence is made to begin and end with the same word. — Buchanan. EP-AN-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr.] Resumption ; a figure of rhet- oric, by which the same word is repeated in resuming the subject after a long parenthesis, &c. — Buchanan. EP-AN'O-DOS, n. [Gr.] A rhetorical figure, when a sen- tence or member is inverted or repeated backward. EP-AN-OR-THo'SIS, n. [Gr.] A figure of rhetoric, in which a speaker recalls what he has said for the sake of making it stronger. EP'aRCH, n. [Gr. sxapxas.] The governor or prefect of a province. — Ash. EP'aRCH- Y, n. [Gr. e-rapxia.] A province, prefecture, or territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. EP-AULE', n. [Fr.] The shoulder of a bastion.— Brande. EP-AULE'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, fascines, or bags of earth. EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an orna- mental badge worn on the shoulder by military men. EP-E-NETIC, a. [Gr. etraivnrtKoS.] Laudatory; bestowing praise. — Phillips. E-PENTHE-SIS, n. [Gr. eirevQsots.] The insertion of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word, as alituum for alitum. EP-EN-THET'IC, a. Inserted in the middle of a word. E-PERGNE' (a-parn'), n. An ornamental stand for a large ~ dish in the center of a table. — Smart. EP-EX-E-GETTC-AL, a. Explanatory of that which imme- diately precedes. — Gibbs. E'PHA (e'fa), n. [Heb. H£N.] A Hebrew measure, equal, ac- cording to Josephus, to the Attic mcdimnus, or about 1 1-2 (more exactly, 1 4-9) bushel English. — Robinson's Gesenius. E-PHEM'E-RA (e-fem'e-ra), n. [L.] 1. A fever of one day's continuance only. 2. The day-fly, or May-fly, a genus of insects ; strictly, a fly that fives one day only ; but the word is applied also to insects that are very short-lived. E-PHEM'E-RAL, ) a. 1. Diurnal; beginning and ending E-PHEM'E-RIG, V in a day ; continuing or existing one E-PHEM'E-ROUS, ) day only. 2. Short-lived : existing or continuing for a short time only. [Ephemeral is generally used. Ephemerous is not analogically formed.] E-PHEM'E-RIS, n. ; pi. Eph-e-mer'i-des. [Gr. eQwtpiS.) 1. A journal, or account of daily transactions ; a diary. — 2. In astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions of the planets or heavenly orbs ; a table, or collection of tables, exhibiting the places of the planets every day at noon. E-PHEM'E-RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions and positions c f the planets ; an astrologer. E-PHEM'E-RON, n. The being of a day. E-PHEM'E-RON- VV6RM, n. A worm that lives one lay only. — Derham. C-PIlE'SIAN, (e-fe'zhan), a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Minor. — As a noun, a native of Ephesus. Hence, one of dissolute life. — Shak. EPH-1-AL'TkS, n. [Gr.] The night-mare. ~~D6~VE * EPH'OD (ef'od), n. [Heb. "1£K-] In Jewish antiquity, * part of the sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle. EPH'OR, n.; pi. Ephoes or Ephoki. [Gr. c(pop<^.] In a* dent Sparta, a magistrate chosen by the people to checB the power of the king. They were five in number - EPH'OR-AL-TY, n. The office, or term of office, o\ ar ephor. EPTG, a. [L. epicus.] Narrative ; containing narration ; ro hearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a poen; which narrates a story, real or fictitious, or in part both, representing, in an elevated style, some signal action oi series of actions and events, usually the achievements of some distinguished hero. EPTG, n. An epic poem. EP'I-CIRP, n. [Gr. em and icap-noS.] In botany, the cutei coating of the pericarp. — Lindley. EP'I-CeDE, n. [Gr. eTziKndios.] A funeral song cr discourse. EP-I-Ce'DI-AL, a. Epicedian ; elegiac. EP-I-Ce'DI-AN, a. Elegiac ; mournful. EP-I-CE'DI-UM, n. An elegy. EP'I-CENE, a. or n. [Gr. emuoivoS-] Common to both sexes. A term applied to such nouns as have only one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate ani- mals of both sexes ; as (iovs, bos, for the ox and cow. EP-I-CE-RAS'TIC, a. [from the Greek.] Lenient ; assuaging. EP-I€-Te'TIAN (ep-ik-te'shan), a. Pertaining to the Stoio Epictetus. EP'I-€URE, n. [L. epicurus.] Properly, a follower of Epi- curus ; a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who indulges in the luxuries of the table.— Syn. Voluptuary ; * EP-I-€u'RE-AN or EP-I-€U-Re'AN, a. [L. Epicureus.] 1. Pertaining to Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher. 2. Luxurious ; given to luxury ; contributing to the luxuries of the table. * EP-I-€fJ'RE-AN or EP-I-€U-I 2. Designating the method of repre- senting ideas by letters and words. E-PIS'TO-LlZE, v. i To write epistles or letters. E-PlSTO-LlZ-ER, n. A writer of epistles.— Howel. E-PIS-TO-LO-GRAPHTC, a. Pertaining to the writing of letters. E-PIS-TO-LOGRA-PHY, n. [Gr. EmaroXn and ypa D . . - . .. , ,,., EP-I/TAPHTG \ a ' P ertamm o to an epitaph. — Milton. E-PITA-SIS, n. [Gr.] In the ancient drama, that part which embraces the main action of a play and leads on to the catastrophe ; opposed to protasis. The term has some- times been applied to that part of an oration which is ad- dressed to the passions. — Buclianan. EP-I-THA-La'MI-UM, In. [Gr Emba\ ai uov.] A nuptial song EP-I-THAL'A-MY, j or poem in praise of the bride ana bridegroom, and praying for their prosperity. EP'I-THEM, n. [Gr. Emdrjua.] In pharmacy, any external application ; especially applied to liquids in which cloths are dipped and applied to a part. EP'I-THET, n. [Gr. e-iOetuv.] An adjective expressing some real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an attri- bute expressing some quality ascribed to it. [It is improper to nse this word for title, name, or phrase, as is sometimes done.] EP'I-THET, v. t. To entitle ; to describe by epithets. EP-I-THET'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to an epithet or epithets ; containing or consisting of epithets. 2. Abounding with epithets. EP-I-THU-METTC, \ a. [Gr. etti9vi.ujtikoS.] Inclined to EP-I-THU-MET'IC-AL, 5 lust ; pertaining to the animal passion. — Brown. E-PITO-ME, n. [Gr. Emrop-rj-} An abridgment; a brief summary or abstract of any book or writing ; a compend ium. E-PIT'O-MIST, n. An epitomizer. E-PIT'O-MlZE, v. t. 1. To shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to abstract, in a summary, the principal matters of a book ; to contract into a narrower compass. 2. To dimmish ; to curtail. — Syn. To abridge ; reduce ; curtail; condense; contract. E-PIT'OMIZjED,^. or a. Abridged; shortened; contracted into a smaller compass, as a book or writing. E-PIT'O-MiZ-ER n. One who abridges; a writer of an °pitome. E-PIT'O-MlZ-ING, ppr. Abridging ; shortening ; making a summary. EPl-TRlTE, n. [Gr. smrpiToe.] In prosody, a foot, consist- ing of three long syllables and one short one ; as incan tare. — En eye. E-PITRO-PE, n. [Gr. Emrpoirv] In rhetoric, conr-ssi.m , a * See Synopsis. 1, K, I, &c., long— I, E, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT,— PREY;— MARINE, BiRI ; -Mo VE, bOUfc, EQU 363 EQU figure by which a thing is granted with a view to obtain an advantage. EP-I-ZEuX'IS, n. [Gr.l A figure, in rhetoric, in which a word is repeated with vehemence , as, You, you, Antony. EP-I-Z5AN, n., > [Gr. sin and Ijaov.] Terms applied to a EP-I-Zo'A, n. pi. 5 class of animals, usually vermiform, which live parasitically on other animals ; opposed to the entozoa. — Dana. EP-I-ZO-OT'!€. a. [Gr. em and t>oi'.] 1. Pertaining to the animals called epizoans. — 2. In geology, an epithet formerly given to such mountains as contain fossil remains. 3. De- noting a disease among animals corresponding to epidem- ic among men. — Buchanan. EP-I-Zo'O-TY, n. A murrain or pestilence among irrational animals. t PLU'RI-BUS U'NUM. [L.] One composed of many; the motto of the United States, consisting of many states confederated. *±jP'0€H, > n. [L. epocha.] 1. A fixed point of time, from EP'O-CHA, 5 which succeeding years are numbered ; a point from which computation of years begins. 2. Any fixed time or period ; the period when any thing begins, or is remarkably prevalent. — Syn. Time ; period ; era ; date ; age. * EP'ODE, n. [Gr. sttwcV] In lyric poetry, the third or last part of the ode ; that which follows the strophe and anti- strophe. [The word is now used as the name of any little verse or verses that follow one or more great ones.J EP-OD'IC, a. Pertaining to or resembling an epode. EP-O-PEE' n. [Gr. mos and irouu).] An epic poem. More properly, the history, action, or fable, which makes the subject of an epic poem. EP'OS, n. [Gr. tirof;.] An epic poem, or its fable or subject. EPR6U-VETTE' (a-proo-vef), n. In gunnery, a machine for proving the strength of gunpowder. EPSOM-SALT, n. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. EP'U-LA-RY, a. [L. epularis.] Pertaining to a feast or ban- quet. — Bailey. EP-U-LI'TION, n. [L. cpulatio.] A feasting or feast EP1T-LoSE, a. [L. epulum.] Feasting to excess. EP-U-LOS'I-TY, 11. A feasting to excess. EP-U-LOTIC, a. [Gr. £7rouAum/ca.] Healing; cicatrizing. EP-U-LOTI-G, n. A medicament or application which tends to dry, cicatrize, and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fungous flesh, and dispose the parts to recover soundness. EP-U-Ra'TION, n. A purifying. [Bad.] E-QUA-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Equality in motion ; continued equal- ity, at all times, in velocity or movement; uniformity. 2. Figuratively, continued equality ; evenness or uniformity, _ as of mind or temper. fi'OUA-ELE, a. [L, cequabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at all tunes, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uniform _ surface or form. E'QUA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being equable. E QUA-BLY, adv. With an equal or uniform motion ; with _ continued uniformity ; evenly. E'QUAL, a. [L. cequalis.] 1. Having the same magnitude or dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. 2. Having the same value. 3. Having the same q\ialities or condi- tion ; as, of equal density. 4. Having the same degree ; as of rapidity. 5. Even ; uniform ; not variable ; as tem- per. 6. Being in just propo/tion. 7. Impartial ; neutral ; not biased. 8. Indifferent ; of the same interest or con- cern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same or similar rights or advantages. 10. Being on the same terms ; enjoying the same or similar benefits. 11. Adequate ; having com- petent power, ability, or means. — Syn. Even ; equable ; uniform ; adequate ; proportionate ; commensurate ; fair ; _ just ; equitable. E'QUAL, n. One not inferior or superior to another ; hav- ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, &c. E'QUAL, v. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of the same quantity, dimensions, or quality as another. 2. To raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with another ; to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To make equivalent to ; to recompense fully ; to answer in full proportion. 5. To be of like excellence or beauty. E'QUALED. pp. Made equal. E'QUAL-ING, ppr. Making equal. S-QUAL'I-TY (e-quol'e-te), n. [L. cequalitas.] 1. An agree- ment of things in dimensions, quantity, or quality ; like- ness, similarity in regard to two things compared. 2. Tha same degree of dignity or claims. 3. Evenness ; uni- formity , sameness in state or continued course, as of temper. 4. Evenness ; plainness ; uniformity, as of a road. 1£-QTJAL-I-Za.TION. n. The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized. E'QUAL-lZE, v. t. To make equal. E'QUAL-lZ ED, pp. Made equal ; reduced to equality. £'QUAL-lZ-lNG, ppr. Making equal. S 'QUAL-LY. adv. 1. In the same degree with another.; alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially with equal justice. [ Equally should not oe followed by as _ but by with.] E'QUAL-NESS, n. 1. Equality ; a state of being equm. 2 Evenness ; uniformity. E-QUAN"GU-LAR (e-quang'gu-lar), a. [L. cequus an. >ngu- lus.] Consisting of equal angles ; equiangular. E-QUA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. cequanimitas.] 1. Evenness 01 ateti; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easilj elated or depressed. E-QUAN'I-MOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind _ of a steady temper, not easily elated or depressed. E'QUANT, n. In the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, an imag- inary circle, used for regulating and adjusting certain mo tions of the planets. E-QUa'TION (e-kwa'shun), n. [L. cequatio.] 1. Literally, a making equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a prop osition asserting the equality of two quantities, and ex- pressed by the sign = between them ; or an expression o» the same quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal val- ue, as 3s. = 36d. — 3. In astronomy, equation of time is the interval by which apparent time differs from mean time. E-QUa'TOR, n. [L.] In astronomy and geography, a great circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of the world, or having the same poles as the world. E-QUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. E-QUA-To'RI-AL, 11. An astronomical instrument with a telescope, whose motion is on an axis parallel to the axis of the earth, so that when a celestial object is once witliin the field of view of the telescope, it continues constantly, while above the horizon, in the field.— D. Olmsted. E-QUA-To'RI-AL LY, adv. So as to have the motions of an equatorial. * E'QUE-RY (eTcwe-ry), 1 n. [Fr. ecuyer.] 1. An officer of E-QUER'RY (e-kwer'y), 5 princes or nobles, who has the care of their horses. 2. A large stable or lodge for horses. E-QUESTRI-AN, a. [L. equester.] 1. Pertaining to horses or horsemanship ; performed with horses. 2. Being on horseback, as a lady. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. Representing a person on horseback, as a statue. 5. Cele- brated by horse-races, as games. 6. Belonging to knights ; as, the equestrian order. E-QULAN"GU-LAR, a. [L. cequus and angulus.] In geome- try, consisting of, or having equal angles. E-QUI-BAL'ANCE, n. [L. cequus and bilanx.] Equal weight E-QUI-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To have equal weight with some- thing. E-QUI-BAL'ANCED (e-que-bal'anst), pp. Giving equal weight. E-QUI-BAL'ANC-ING, ppr. Having equal weight. E-QUI-€Ru'RAL, a. [L. cequus and crus.] l7 Having legs of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than the base \_ isosceles, as a triangle. E-QUI-€RuRE', a. The same as equicrural. E-QUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith- metically proportional. E-QUI-DIS'TANCE, n. Equal distance.— Hall. E-QUI-DIS'TANT, n. Equal distance or remoteness. E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. [L. cequus and distajis.] Being at an equal distance from some point or thing. E-QUI-DISTANT-LY, adv. At the same or an equal distance. E'QUI-FORM, a. Having the same form. — Humble. E-QUI-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. cequus and forma.] Uniform equality. — Brown. E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. cequus and lateralis.] Having all the sides equal. E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to others. — Herbert. E-QUI-Li'BRaTE, v. t. [L. cequus and libro.] To balance equally two scales, sides, or ends ; to keep even with equal weight on each side. E-QUI-Li'BRa-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides or ends. E-QUI-LfBRI-TING, ppr. Balancing equally on both sides or ends. E-QUI-LI-BRa'TION, n. Equipoise ; the act of keeping the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. E-QUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised. E-QUI-LIB'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In equal poise. E-QUIL'I-BRIST, n. One who keeps his balance in unnatu- ral positions and hazardous movements ; a balancer. — Encyc. Am. E-QUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. [L. cequilibritas.] The state of being equally balanced; equal balance on both sides; equilibri- um. — Gregory. E-QUI-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. Equipoise ; equality of weight or force ; a state of rest produced by the mutual counter- action of two or more forces. 2. A just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm ; as, to pre- serve the equilibrium of the body. 3. Equal balancing of the mind between motives or reasons. — In equilibrio, in a state of equilibrium. E-QUI-MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. cequus and multiplico.] A term applied to quantities multiplied by the same number. 5rt VE ;— RUI L, UNITE ;— AN "GEB, VI 'CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; VH 09 in this, t ObseUt*. EQU 364 ERA E-Q.'f'teULTPLE » In mathematics, the product of a q* entity muitipliea by the same number as another quan- tity E'QLlNE, \a. [L. equinus.] Pertaining to a horse; de- E-QUl'NAL, > noting the horse kind. E-QUI-NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the same degree. — Hudibras. E-QUI-NO€"T"AL, a. [L. cequus and nox.] 1. Pertaining to the equinoxes; designating an equal length of day and ni^ht. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi- noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; as, the equinoctial gale. — Equinoctial flowers, flowers that open at a regular, stated hour. — Equinoctial points, the two points where the ecliptic and the equator intersect each other. — Equinoctial time is reckoned from a fixed instant common to all the world. E-QUI-NOCTIAL, n. In astronomy, the celestial equator ; the intersection of the plane of the equator with the con- cave surface of the heavens. E-QUI-NOC'TIAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the equinox. — Brown. E'QUl-NOX, n. [h. cequus and nox.] The precise time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, making the day and the night of equal length. The sun enters the first point of Aries about the 21st of March, and the first point o_f Libra about the 23d of September. E-QUI-NU'MER-ANT, a. [L. cequus and numerus.] Having or consisting of the same number. [Little used.] E-QUIP', v. t. [Fr. equiper.] 1 Properly, to dress , to fur- nish ; as, to equip a person with a suit of clothes. Hence, 2. To furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for military service. 3. To furnish with men, artillery, and munitions of war as a ship ; to fit for sea. EQ1JI-PA6E (ek'we-paje), n. 1. The furniture of a military man, particularly arms and their appendages. 2. The furniture of an army or a body of troops, infantry, or cav- alry. 3. The furniture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses, carriages, &c. 5. Carriage of state, vehi- cle. 6. Accouterments ; habiliments ; ornamental furni- ture. EQ'UI-P A(J ED (ek'we-pajd), a. Furnished with equipage; attended with a splendid retinue. — Cowper. E-QUI-PEN'DEN-CY, n. [L. cequus and pendeo.] The act of hanging in equipoise ; a being not inclined or determined either way. E-QUIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for a voyage or expedition. 2. Any thing that is used in equip- ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; warlike apparatus ; neces- saries for an expedition, or for a voyage. — 3. In civil engi- neering, the necessary adjuncts of a rail-road, as locomo- tives, cars, &c, are called equipments. 6'QUI-POISE, n. [L. cequus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced. E-QUI-POL'LENCE, \ n. [L. cequus and pollenda.] 1. Equal- E-QUI-POL'LEN-CY, 5 ity of power or force.— 2. In logic, an equivalence between two or more propositions. E-QUI-POL'LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv- alent. — In logic, having equivalent signification. E-QUI-POL'LENT-LY, adv. With equal power.— Barrow. E-QUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. [L. cequus andpondus.] Equal- ity of weight ; equipoise. E-QUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight. E-QUI-PON'DER-aTE, v. i. [L. cequus and pondero.] To be equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thing. E-QUI-PON'DI-OUS, a. Having equal weight on both sides. — Glanville. E-QUIPP£D' (e-quipf), pp. Furnished with habiliments, arns, and whatever is necessary for a military expedition, o) for a voyage or cruise. E-€VJIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or war- £k2 apparatus; supplying with things necessary for a voyage^ F QUI-Ro'TAL, a. Having wheels of the same size or di- ameter.— Encyc. of Bom. Econ. EQ-UI-SeTUM, n. ; pi. Equiseta. [L. equus, a horse, and seta, a bristle.] In botany, a genus of plants called horse- tail— The equisctum hyemale, known as the Dutch rush, or ecouring rush, is much used for scouring and polishing. S-QUIS'O-NANCE, n. An equal sounding ^ft'UI-TA-BLE (ek'we-ta-bl), a. [Fr. equitable.] 1. Equal in -egard to the rights of persons ; distributing equal justice ; giving each his due ; assigning to one or more what law or justice demands. 2. Having the disposition to do jus- tice, or doing justice. 3. Held or exercised in equity, or vnth chancery powers; as, equitable jurisdiction.— Syn. Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid* upright. EQTJI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just. 2. Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to each according to his legal or just claims. * See Synopsis. 1, E, I, ?i. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal much like the ER'MIN, J weasel, and valued for its snowy white fur. Its tail is tipped with black. In the summer it is brown, and is then called stoat. 2. The fur of the ermine. When used, the white is artificially spotted with the black. 3. Figuratively, the dignity of judges and magistrates, whosff state robes of ermine were emblematical of purity. ER'MlN^D, a. Clothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur of the ermine.— Pope. ERN, n. [Dan., Sw. am.] In Scotland, the sea-eagle ; als? applied to other eagles, particularly the golden eagle.— Percival. ERNE, >a Saxon word, signifying a place or receptacle. iERNE, 5 forms the teraiination of some English words, aa well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern. E-RoDE', v. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away ; to corrode. E-RoD'ED, pp. 1. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded. — 2. a. In nat- ural history, having the edge irregularly jagged, as if gnawed E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding. t ER'O-GaTE, v. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out; to give ; to be- stow upon. — Elyot. t ER-O-Ga'TION, n. The act of conferring.— Elyot. E-RoSE', a. [L. erosus.] In botany, an erase leaf has small sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed. E-Ro'SION (e-ro'zhun), n. [L. erosio.] 1. The act or opera- tion of eating away. 2. The state of being eaten away ; corrosion ; canker. E-R-O'SlVE, a. Having the property of eating away or cor roding ; corrosive.— Humble. E-ROT'1-G, \ a. [Gr. e/swj.] Pertaining to love • treating E-ROT'IG-AL, 5 of love. E-ROTTG, n. An amorous composition or poem. ER-O-TO-Ma'NI-A, \n. [Gr. epw and fxavia.] Melancholy, E-RO-TOM'A-NY, 5 which is the effect of love. ER-PE-TOI/O-GIST, n. [Gr. epneTos and hoyo^.] One who is versed in erpetology. .See Herpetologist. ER-PE-TOL'O-GY, n. That part of natural history which treats of reptiles. See Herpetology. ERR, v. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis- take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble. ERR, v. t. To mislead ; to cause to err. — Burton. ER'RA-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.] ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to mistake or error. * ER'RAND, n. [Sax. arend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man- date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any spe- cial business to be transacted by a messenger. ER'RANT, a. [Fr. errant.] 1. Wandering; roving, ram- bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the Middle Ages, wandered about to seek adventures and display their heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devia ting from a certain course. 3. Wandering from a regular course ; and hence, wild, extravagant, notorious ; as, an er ™ Vh ,— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. ERY 366 ESC rant fo k.- Slick.; [now spelled arrant.] 4. Itinerant; [obs.] GR-Ra'TA, n pi. See Erratum. ER/RANT-RY, n. 1. A wandering; a roving or rambling about. — Addison. 2. The employment of a knigbt errant. ERRATIC, {a. [L. erraticus.] 1. Wandering; having ER-RATTG-AL, 5 no certain course ; roving about without a fixed destination. 2. Moving; not fixed or stationary. 3. Irregular ; mutable. — In geology, applied to substances on the earth's surface which have been transported from their original location ; as, erratic blocks, gravel, Sic. Er- ratic phenomena are the phenomena that relate to such substances. ER-RAT'IG, n. A rogue. — Cocker am. ER-RATie-AL-LY, adv. Without rule; irregularly.— Brown. f ER-Ra'TION, n. A wandering. ER-RaTUM, n. ; pi. Errata. [L.] An error or mistake in writing or printing. ERR.ED', pret. of .Err. ElfRHlNE (er'rine), a. [Gr. eppivov.] Affecting the nose, or to be snuffed into. the nose; occasioning discharges from the nose. ER'RHiNE (er'rine), n. A medicine to be snuffed up the nose to promote discharges of mucus. ERR'ING, ppr. or a. Wandering from the truth or the right vay ; mistaking ; irregular. ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; unsettled; [rare.] 2. Deviating ; devious; irregular; [rare.] 3. Mistaking; misled; deviating, by mistake, from the truth. 4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; erring from truth or justice. ER-Ro"NE-OUS-LY, adv. By mistake ; not rightly. ER.-Ro'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being erroneous ; deviation from right ; inconformity to truth. ER'ROR, n. [L. error.] 1. In a general sense, a wandering or deviation from the truth. 2. A mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or believe what is not time. 3. A mistake made in writing or other performance ; a blunder. 4. A wandering ; irregular course ; [rare.] 5. Deviation from law, justice, or right ; oversight ; mistake in conduct. — 6. In Scripture and theology, sin ; iniquity ; transgression ; fault. — 7. In law, a mistake in pleading or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an alleged error in judgment, which carries the suit to another" tribunal for redress. ERUGR, v. t. To determine a judgment of court to be er- roneous. [Not well authorized.] ER'ROR-IST, n. One who errs, or who encourages and propagates error. ERSE, n. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or Celts, in the Highlands of Scotland. fiARSH, } n - The stUDble of SF»to- ERST, adv. [Sax. cerest.] 1. First; at first; at the beginning. 2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or now ; hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.] 4 ERSTWHILE, adv. Till then or now ; formerly. ER-U-BES'CENCE, n. [L. erubescens, erubesco, from rubeo, to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sur- face of any thing ; a blushing. ER-U-BES'CENT, a. Red, or reddish; blushing. E-RUGT,_ ?». t. [L. eructo.] To belch; to eject from E-RUG'TaTE, 5 the stomach, as wind. [Little used.] E-RUG'Ta-TED, pp. Belched; ejected. E-RUG'Ta-TING, ppr. Belching. ER-U-S-Ta'TION, n. [L. eructatio.] 1. The act of belching wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth. — Woodward. * ER'U-DlTE, a. r L. eruditus.] Instructed ; taught ; learned. — Chesterfield. EB/U-DiTE-LY, adv. With erudition or learning. ER-U-DI"TION (er-u-dish'un), n. Learning ; knowledge gained by study, or from books and instruction ; particu- Icrhj, learning in hterature, as distinct from the sciences. E-Ru'6IN-OUS, a. [L. aruginosus.] Partaking of the sub- stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem- bling rust. f E-RUPT, v. i. To burst forth. E-RUPT'ED, pp. or a. Forcibly thrown out, as lava from a volcano. — Humble. E-RUPTION, 7i. [L. erxptio.] 1. The act of breaking or bursting forth from mclosure or confinement; a violent emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from a volcano. 2. A sudden or violent rushing forth of men or troops for invasion ; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of voice ; -violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a break- ing out of humors ; a copious excretion of humors on the skra in pustules. E-RUPTtVE, a. 1. Bursting forth. 2. Attended with erup- tions or efflorescence, or producing it. 3. Produced by eruption ; as, eruptive igneous rocks. £-RYN"GO, 7i. [Gr. npuyyiov.] The sea-holly, eryngium. ER-Y-SIP'E-LA3, n. [Gr. epvanr^ai.] A disease called St. Anthony's fire ; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor on some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling erysipelas or partaking of its nature. Ez-ysip" elous has sometimes been used, but is unnecessary. ER-Y-THe'MA, n. [Gr.] A specific inflammation attended with burning pain, and a red, tumid fullness of the integu- ments. — J. M. Good. ER-Y-THE-MAT'IG, a. Pertaining to erythema. ES-GA-LiDE', n. [Fr.] In the military art, a furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart. ES-GA-LIDE', v. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or Miter by means of ladders. — Life of Wellington. ES-GA-LXD'ED, pp. Scaled, as a wall or rampart. ES-GA-L1DTNG, ppr. Scaling, as troops. ESGAL'OP (skolfup), n. [D. schulp.] 1. A bivalve shell of the genus pecten. Its surface is mostly marked with ribs radiating from the hinge outward. 2. A regular curving indenture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop ana Scollop. ES-GA-PXDE', n. [Fr.] 1. The fling of a horse. 2. An im- propriety of speech or behavior of which an individual is unconscious. — Brande. ES-GaPE', v. t. [Fr. echapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid ; to get out of the way ; to shun ; to obtain security from ; to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved; to evade 3. To avoid the danger of. ES-GaPE', v. i. 1. To flee, shun, and be secure from dan- ger ; to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm ; as, others fell, but I escaped. ES-GaPE', 7i. 1. Flight to shun danger or injury ; the act of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without receiv- ing injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion. — 4. In laio, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sheriff without due course of law. 5. Sally; flight; irregularity. 6. Oversight ; mistake. ES-GaPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or watch by which the circulating motion of the wheels is converted into a vibrating one, as that of the pendulum in a clock, or the_balance of a watch. ES-GaP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger. ES-G aP'ING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evi' ; being passed unobserved or unhurt ; shunning"; evading ; securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law without warrant. ES-GaP'ING, n. Avoidance of danger. — Ezra, ix. ES-G1R-GA-TOIRE' (-twori), n. [Fr.] A nursery of snails, ES-GXRP', v. t. [Fr. escarper] To slope suddenly: to form a sudden slope. — Carleton. " [A military term.] ES-GaRP', n. In fortification, any tiling high and precipi tous; sometimes, the side of the ditch next the ramparS — Bra7ide. ES-GAR.P.ED' (es-karpf), pp. Cut or formed to a sudden slope. ES-GARP'ING, ppr. Forming to a sudden slope. ES-GaRP'MENT, a. A steep declivity ; a precipitous side of any hill or rock. — P. Cyc. ES-CHA-LOT (-esh-a-lotO, n. [Fr. echalote.] A species of small onion or garlic. ES'CHaR (es'kar), n. [Gr. scxapa.] 1. In surgery, the crust or scab occasioned by burns or caustic applications. ES'GHA-RA, n. [Gr.] A species of net-like coral. ES-GHA-ROTIG, a. Caustic ; having the power of searing or destroying the flesh. ES-GHA-ROT'lG, n. A caustic application. — Coze. ES-GHA-T0L'0-4Y, n. [Gr. eaxaroi and Xoyo;.] The doc- trine of the last or final things ; as death, judgment, &c. ES-CHeAT, n. [Fr. echeoir.] 1. Any land or tenements which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall- ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through failure of hens or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es- cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands which fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law, the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a rebc-L ES-CHeAT, v. i. 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blocd of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit ure for treason, t ES-CHeAT, v. t. To forfeit.— Bishop Hall. ES-CHeATA-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. ES-CHeAT'A(JE, n. The right of succeeding to an escheat ES-CHeATED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or b> for- feiture. ES-CHe ATTNG, ppr. Reverting to the lord tbr ough failure of heirs, or to the state for want of an ow«-er, r r bv for- feiture. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, e, 1, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BIRD/- MWE. &QOK, ESP 367 ESS ES CIIe ATOR, n. An officer who observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. ES-CHEW, v. t. [Norm, eschever.] To flee from ; to shun ; to avoid. ES-CllEW ED' (es-chude r ), pp. Shunned; avoided. ES-CHE WING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding. ES-COCH'EON, n. [Fr.] The shield of the family. ES'CORT, n. [Fr. escorte.] 1. A guard ; a body of armed men which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions, or munitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, used for naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call a convoy. — 2. In a more general sense, protection or safe- guard on a journey or excursion ; as, to travel under the escort of a friend. ES-€ORT, v. t. To attend and guard on a journey or ex- cursion. ES-€ORTED, pp. Attended and guarded on a journey or excursion. ES-CORTING, ppr. Attending and guarding on a journey or excursion. ES-GOT. See Scot. ES-CQT", v. t. To pay the reckoning for; to support. — Shak. ES-GoU-IDE'. See Squad. ES-€OUT. See Scout. fES-CRIPT', n. [Fr. escripl.] A writing; a schedule.— Cockeram. ES-CRI-TOIR' (es-kre-twor 1 ), n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ecri- toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir. ES-GRI-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an escritoir. ES-CRoW, n. [Fr. ecrou.] In law, a deed of lands or tene- ments delivered to a third person, to hold till some condi- tion is performed by the grantee. ES'€U-A6E, n. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal law, service of the shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war ; afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. ES-€U-La/P.I-AN, a. [from Msculapius.] Medical; pertain- ing to the healing art. — Young. ES'CU-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable ; that is or may be used by man for food. ES'€U-LENT, n. Something that is eatable. ES-€u'RI-AL, n. A vast edifice in Spain, about 22 miles from Madrid, built in the shape of a gridiron, and contain- ing the royal palace, a convent, church, and place of sepul- ture for the royal family of Spain. ES-€UTCH'E6N (es-kuch'un), n. [Fr. ecusson.] 1. The shield on which a coat of arms is represented ; the shield of a family ; the picture of ensigns armorial. 2. That part of a vessel's stern where her name is written. — R. H. Dana, Jun. ES-CUTCHE6N.ED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign. fES-LOIN', v. t. [Fr. eloigner.] To remove. E-SOPH-A-GOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. oiao^ayos and tow.] In sur - gery, the operation of making an incision into the esopha- gus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance. E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. otoofaycx;.] The gullet; the canal through which food and drink pass to the stomach. E-So'Pl-AN, n. [from JEsop.] Pertaining to ^Esop. ES-O-TER'IG, a. [Gr. eourepoS.] Private; interior; [an epithet applied to the private instructions and doctrines of philosophers ;] opposed to exoteric, or public. ES-O-TER'IC-AL-LY, adv. In an esoteric manner. — Rich. Diet. ES'O-TER-Y, n. Mystery ; secrecy. [Little used.] 'ES-PAL1ER (es-palyer), n. [Fr. espalier.] 1. A row of trees in a garden, having the branches trained and spread out like a fan. 2. A lattice-work of wood, on which to train fruit-trees and ornamental shrubs. — Brande. ES-PAI/IER, v. t. To form an espalier. ES-PAL'IERJED, pp. Protected by an espalier. ES-PAL'IER-ING, ppr. Protecting by an espalier. ES-PaR'CET, n. A kind of sainfoin. — Mortimer. ES-PJiR'TO, n. [Sp.] A kind of rush, in Spain, of which cordage, shoes, baskets, &c, are made. — M'Culloch. ES-Pe"CIAL (es-pesh'al), a. [Fr. special.] Principal ; chief; particular. ES-PE"CIAL-LY, adv. In an uncommon degree. — Syn. Specially ; principally ; chiefly ; particularly ; peculiarly. ES-Pe'CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being especial. f-ES'PE-RANCE, n. [Fr.] Hope.— Shak. ES-PI'AL, n. A spy ; the act of espying. — Elyot. ES-PlED' (es-pide'), pp. Seen ; discovered. ES-Pl'ER, n. One who espies, or watches like a spy. — Harmar. ESTI-NEL, n. A kind of ruby. Sec Spinel. SS'PI-ON-AciE (es'pe-on-aj or es'pe-on-azh), n. [Fr.] The practice or employment of spies ; the practice of watching others without being suspected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made. ES-PLA-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, the glacis of the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the covered- way toward the country ; or the void space between the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town. — 2. In gardening, a grass-plat ES-POUS'AL (es-pouz'al), a. Used in or relating to tiie act of espousing or betrothing. — Bacon. ES-POUS'AL, n. 1. The act of espousing or Letroihing. 2 Adoption ; protection. ES-POUS'AL S, n. pi. The act of contracting or affiancing a man and woman to each other; a contract or mutual promise of marriage. ES-POUSE', v. t. [Fr. epouser.] 1. To betroth. 2. To be- troth; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry; to wed. -J. To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace: to take to one's self, with a view to maintain ; as, to espouse a cause. ES-POUSiJD' (es-pouzd'), pp. or a. Betrothed ; affianced ; promised in marriage by contract; married; united i»- timately; embraced. ES-POUSE'MENT, n. Act of espousing. ES-POUS'ER, n. One who espouses. ES-POUSTNG, ppr. Betrothing; marrying; uniting indis- solubly ; taking part in. ES-PRIT' BE €ORPS (es-pre' de kor 7 ). [Fr.] The spirit of the body or society ; the common spirit formed by men in association. ES-PY', v. t. [Fr. epier, espier.] 1. To see at a distance ; to have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or dis- cover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover un- expectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly; to examine and make discoveries.— Syn. To discern ; discover ; find out ; descry. ES-PY', v. i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch ES-PY', n. A spy ; a scout. ES-PY'ING, ppr. Discovering ; seeing first. ES'QUI-MAUX (es'ke-mo), n. A nation of Indians inhabiting the northwestern parts of North America. — Encyc. Am. ES-QUlRE', n. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or ar- mor-bearer, scutifer; an attendant on a knight. Hence, in modem times, a title of dignity next in degree below a knight. — In the' United States, the title is given to public officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices and attorneys. Indeed, the title, in addressing letters, is bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex pression of respect. ES-QUlRE', v. t. To attend ; to wait on. ES-QUlRED', pp. Attended ; waited on. ES-QUlR'ING, ppr. Attending, as an esquire. ES-QUi'SSE' (es-kes'), n. [Fr.] The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue, &c. ES-S1Y', v. t. [Fr. essayer.] 1. To try; to attempt; to en- deavor ; to exert one's power. 2. To make experiment of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. See Assay. ES'SaY, n. 1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of any thing. — 2. In literature, a com- position intended to prove or illustrate a particular sub- ject. 3. A trial or experiment. 4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities of a metal. [See Assay.] 5. First taste of any thing. — Syn. Attempt ; trial ; endeavor ; effort ; tract ; treatise ; dissertation ; disquisition. ES-SAY.ED' (es-sade'), pp. Attempted; tried. ES-SaY'ER, n. One who writes essays. — Addison. ES-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying; making an effort. * ES-SaYTST, n. A writer of an essay, or of essays. ES'SENCE, n. [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others. 2. Formal existence ; that which makes any thing to be what it is ; or, rather, the peculiar nature of a thing ; the . very substance. 3. Existence ; the quality of being. 4. A being ; an existent person. 5. Species of being. 6. Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined, or rectified from grosser matter ; or, more strictly, a volatile or essen- tial oil. 8. Perfume, odor, scent ; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. ES'SENCE, v. t. To perfume ; to scent. ES'SENCED (es'senst), pp. Perfumed. — Addison. ES-SeNE3', n. pi. [Gr. Eaarivoi.] Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for their strictness and abstinence. ES-SEN'TIAL (es-sen'shal), a. [L. essentialis.] 1. Necessary or indispensable to the constitution or existence of a thing. 2. Important in the highest degree. 3. Pure ; highly rec- tified. — Essential oils are such as are obtained from plants, usually by distillation with water. They dissolve in alco- hol, are inflammable, and much used in perfumery. — Es- sential character, in natural history, that single quality or property which serves to distinguish one genus, species, &c, from another. ES-SEN'TIAL, n. 1. Existence ; being ; [little used.] 2. First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point ; that which is most important. ES-SEN-TI-ALI-TY, \n. The quality of being essential ; first ES-SEN'TIAL-NESS, 5 or constituent principles.— Swift. DOVE ;— By LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete ES'x 368 ETC Ey &ENTIAL-LY, adv. 1. By the constitution of nature ; in essence. 2. In an important degree. ES vJJjN'TIaTE, v. i. To become of the same essence. ES-SEN'TIXTE, v. t. To form the essence or being of. ES-SENTTI TED. pp. Formed into the same essence. ES-SEN TIa-TIN G, ppr. Forming into or becoming of the aame essence. ES-SOIN', n. [Old Fr. ezonier, esso?iier.] 1. An excuse ; the alleging oi an excuse for him who is summoned to appear in court. 2. Exemption. 3. He who is excused for non- appearance in court at the day appointed. — Essoin days are three days allowed for the appearance of suitors in court. [This word is sometimes spelled essoign.] ES-SOIN', v. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in court ; to excuse for absence. — Cowel. ES-SOINER, n. An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another. ES'SON-lTE, n. Cinnamon-stone, which see. ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. ctablir.] 1. To set and fix firmly or unalterably ; to settle permanently, as a covenant. 2. To found permanently ; to erect and fix or settle, as an em- pire. 3. To enact or decree by authority and for perma- nence ; to ordain ; to appoint, as laws. 4. To settle or fix permanently, as a person in business, or an army in a place. 5. To make firm ; to confirm ; to ratify. 6. To settle or fix what is wavering, doubtful, or weak ; to con- firm, as faith. 7. To confirm ; to fulfill ; to make good. 8. To set up in the place of another, and confirm. ES-TAB'LISH£D (es-tablisht), pp. or a. Set ; fixed firmly ; founded; ordained; enacted; ratified; confirmed; setup and supported by the state ; as, an established religion. E3-TAB'LISH-ER, n. He who establishes or confirms. ES-TAB'LISH-ENG, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently ; founding ; ratifying ; confirming ; ordaining. ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. [Fr. etablissement.] 1. The act of establishing. 2. Settlement ; fixed state ; as, in sure estab- lishment. — Spenser. 3. Confirmation ; ratification, as of a covenant. 4. Settled regulation ; form ; ordinance ; sys- tem of laws ; constitution of government. 5. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence ; income ; salary. 6. That which is fixed or established, as a permanent mili- tary force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agen- cy, a factory, &c. 7. A place of residence or of transact- ing business. 8. That form of religious worship which is established and supported by the state. 9. Settlement or final rest. ES-TA-GADEf, n. [Fr. ; Sp. estacado.] A dike constructed of piles in the sea, a river, or morass, to check the ap- proach of an enemy. — Buchanan. ES-TA-FET', ) n. [Fr. , Sp. cstafeta.] A courier ; an ex- ES-TA-FETTE', $ press of any kind. ES-TaTE', n. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness ; a fixed condition ; [now generally written and pronounced state.] 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank ; quality. — 4. In law, the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune ; possessions ; property in general. 6. The general business or interest of government ; a political body ; a commonwealth ; a re- Eublic. [See State.] 7. An order or class of men in the _ ody politic ; one of the estates of the kingdom. — Estates, in the plural, dominions ; possessions of a prince. ES-TaTE', v. t. 1. To settle as a fortune.— Shak. 2. To establish ; [little used.] ES-TaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate.— Swift. ES-TEEM', v. t. [Fr. estimer.] 1. To set a value on, whether high or low. 2. To set a high value on ; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion ; to repute ; to think. 4. To compare in value ; to estimate by proportion. — Syn. To regard; estimate; prize; value; respect ; revere. ES-TEEM', v. i. To consider as to value. — Spenser. ES-TEEM', n. 1. Estimation ; opinion or judgment of merit or demerit. 2. High value or estimation ; "great regard; favorable opinion. ES-TEEM' A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem ; estimable. £S-TEEM£D' (es-teemd'), pp. or a. Valued ; estimated ; highly valued ; thought ; held in opinion. E3-TEEM'ER, n. One who esteems. — Locke. ES-TEEM'ING, ppr. Valuing ; estimating -. valuing highly ; prizing ; thinking ; deeming. ES-THETIC; a. Pertaining to the science of taste. ES-THETICS, n. [Gr. aiadrjriKo?.] The science which treats of the beautiful, or of the tneory of taste.— Sec ^Esthetics ES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cestus and/ero.l Producing heat ESTI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That is capable of being esti- mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3 Worthy of esteem or respect ; deserving our good opin- ion or regard. ESTI-MA-BLE, n. That which is worthy of regard ES'TI-MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving esteem. ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In an estimable manner. ES'TI-MaTE, v. t. [L. astimo.] 1. To judge and form an opin- ion cf the value of ; to rate by judgment. — Syn. To count ; calculate ; compute ; reckon ; number ; rate ; appraise ; appreciate ; esteem ; value ; prize. ES'TI-MATE, n. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a judg- ment or opinion of the value, degree, extent, or quantity of anything. 2. Value. — Shak. ES'TI-Ma-TED, pp. or a. Valued ; rated in judgment. ES'TI-MA-TING,£p?\ Valuing; rating; forming an opinion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity, or degree of worth of any object , calculating ; computing. ES-TI-Ma'TION, n. [L. cestimatio.] 1. The act of estimating. 2. An opinion or judgment of any thing as to size, quanti- ty, &c, formed without precise aata. 3. Favorable opin- ion. — Syn. Calculation ; computation ; estimate ; appraise- ment ; esteem ; honor ; regard. ES'TI-Ma-TIVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth or preference ; [little used.] 2. Im- aginative. ESTI-Ma-TOR, n. One who estimates or values. ES'TI-VAL, a. [L. astivus.] Pertaining to summer. ES'TI-VITE, v. i. To pass the summer. ES-TI-Va'TION, n. [L. cestivatio.] 1. The act of passing the summer. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petals withia the floral gem or bud. ES'TO PER-PET'U-UM, \ ES'TO PER-PETV-A. j ES-TOP', v. t. [Fr. ctouper.] one's own act. ES-TOPP.ED' (es-toptO, pp. [L.] May it be perpetual. In law, to impede or bar, by Hindered ; barred. ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding ; barring by one's own act ES-TOP'PEL, n. In law, a stop ; a plea in bar, grounded on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes him from averring any thing to the contrary. ES-To'VERS, n. pi. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, or supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for the use of a tenant. ES-TR1DE', ra. [Fr.] An even or level space ; a level and slightly raised place in a room. — Smart. ES-TRAM'A-CON (-son), n. [Fr.] A sort of two-edged sword formerly used. ES-TRaNgE', v. t. [Fr. etranger.] 1. To keep at a distance ; to withdraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar with. 2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or possess- or. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from kind- ness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To withdraw ; to withhold. ES-TRING.ED' (es-tranjd'), pp. Withdrawn ; alienated. ES-TRaNg'ED'NESS, n. The state of being estranged. - Prynne. ES-TRaNgE'MENT, n. Alienation ; a keeping at a distance ; removal ; voluntary abstraction. ES-TRANG'ING,£pr. Alienating; withdrawing; keeping at or removing to a distance. ES-TRA-PaDE', n. [Fr. strappado.] The action of a horse who, to get rid of his rider, rises before, and at the same time kicks furiously with his hind legs. ES-TRaY', v. i. To stray. See Stray. ES-TRaY', n. [Norm, esiraycr.] A tame beast, as a horse, ox, or sheep, which is found wandering or without an owner. Sec Stray. ES-TReAT', n, [Norm, estraite.] In law, a true copy of an original writing. ES-TReAT, v. i. To extract ; to copy.— Blackstone. ES-TREAT'ED,^p. Extracted; copied. ES-TREATTNG, ppr. Extracting; copying. ES-TREPE'MENT, n. [Norm, estreper.] In law, spoil ; waste ; a stripping of land hy a tenant, to the prejudice of the owner. ES'TRICH, )n. 1. The ostrich, which see; [obs.] 2. In ES'TRID&E, J commerce, the fine down of the ostrich ly- ing under the feathers. — M'Oullack. t ESTU-ANCE, n. [L. crstus.] Heat.— Brown. ES'TU-A-RY, n. [L. cestuarium.] 1. An arm of the sea ; a frith ; a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2. A vapor bath. ES'TU-A-RY, a. Belonging to or formed in an estuary ; as, estuary strata. — LyeU. ES'TU-aTE, v. i. [L. cestuo.] To boil ; to swell and rage ; to be agitated. ES-TU-A'TION, n. A boiling ; agitation.— Brown. t EST-URE', n. [L. astuo.] Violence ; commotion. E-Su'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.] Inclined to eat ; hungry. ES'U-RlNE (ezh'yu-rin), a. Eating; corroding. E-TaT'-Ma'JOR (a-ta'-ma'zhor), n. [Fr.] Officers and sub- officers as distinguished from their troops. Also, the su- perior officers.— 'Diet, de VAcad. ET CMT'E-RA, [L.] and the contraction etc. or 6fC, denote the rest, or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth. ETCH, v. t. [G. etzen.] 1. To produce figures or designs on copper or other metallic plates by means of fines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten or corroded by aquafortis. 9, To sketch ; to delineate. — Locke ; [not in use.] ■.Synopsis. A, E. I, &c, long.— &,%i,&c, short.— FXR. FALL. WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE. BiRD ; —M«VE BOQK ETH 369 EUD ETCH, v. i. To practice etching. ETCH, I n. Ground from whkh a crop has been taken. ED'DISH, 5 —Mortimer. ETCHED (etcht), pp. or a. Marked and corroded by aqua- fortis. ETCHING, ppr. Marking or producing a design on a me- tallic plate with aquafortis. ETCHING, n. 1. The act or art of etching ; a mode of en- graving. 2. The impression taken from an etched p.ate. ETCHING-NEE'DLE, n. An instrument of steel with a fine point, used in etching, for tracing outlines, &c, on the plate. — Brande. ET-E-OSTIC, n. [Gr. ereos and anxoS-] A chronogram- matical composition. — Ben Jonson. f E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless. — Shah. E-TER/NAL, a. [Fr. eternel ; L.atermis.] 1. Without begin- ning or end of existence. 2. Without beginning of exist- ence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ; everlast- ing ; endless ; immortal. 4. Continued without intermis- sion ; as, fires eternal in thy temples shine. — Dry den. . 5. Unchangeable ; existing at all times without change ; as, eternal truth. — Stn. Everlasting ; endless ; infinite ; cease- less ; perpetual ; interminable. E TER/NAL, n. An appellation of God.— Milton. ETER'NAL-IST, n. One who holds the past existence of the world to be infinite. — Burnet. TE-TER'NAL-IZE, v. t. To make eternal; to give endless duration to. [We now use eternize.] E-TER'NAL-iZ J2D, pp. Made eternal. E-TER'NAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering eternal. E-TER'NAL-LY, adv. 1. Without beginning or end of dura- tion, or without end only. 2. Unchangeably ; invariably ; at all times._ 3. Perpetually ; without intermission. f E-TER'NI-FY, v. t. To make famous ; to immortalize. E-TER'NI-FlSD, pp. Mado. famous ; immortalized. v E-TEE/NI-FY-ING, ppr. Making famous ; immortalizing. E-TER'NI-TY, n. [L. ceternitas.] 1. Duration or continu- ance without beginning or end. 2. The state or time after death ; _as, at death we enter on eternity. E-TER'NlZE, v. t. [Fr. eterniser.] 1. To make endless. 2. To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize. E-TER'NlZiSD, pp. Made endless ; immortalized. E-TER'NIZ-ING, ppr. Giving endless duration to. E-TE'SIAN (e-te'zhan), a. [L. etesius.] Stated ; blowing at stated times of the year ; periodical. Encyc. — Etesian teind, a periodical wind ; especially, a northerly or north- easterly wind, which prevails in summer in the Mediter- ranean. ETHAL, n. [The first syllables of ether and alcohol.] A pe- culiar oily substance obtained from spermaceti. — Prout. t ETHE, a. Easy.— Chaucer t ETHEL, a. Noble. ETHER, n. [L. eetfier.] 1. A thin, subtile matter, much finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers suppose, be- gins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occupies the heavenly space. Newton. — 2. In chemistry, a very li^t, volatile, and inflammable fluid, produced by the distillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid, especial- ly with sulphuric acid. E-THe'RE-AL, a. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled with ether. 2. Heavenly; celestial. 3. Consisting of ether or spirit. E THE-RE-AL'I-TY, n. The state or condition of being ethereal. E-THe'RE-AL-IZE, v. t. 1. To convert into ether, or into a very subtil fluid. — 2. Figuratively, to render ethereal or spiritual. E-THe'RE-AL-IZJED, pp. or a. Converted into ether ; made ethereal or spiritual. E-THeHE-AL-LY, adv. In an ethereal or heavenly manner. ETHe'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly.— Milton. BTHER-I-FORM, a. [ether and/«m.] Having the form of ether. — Prout. 1THER-INE, n. Carbureted hydrogen, so called from be- ing supposed to exist in ether. — P Cyc. t THER-rZE, v. t. To convert into ether.— Med. Rep. ETHER-lZ ED, pp. Converted into ether. ETHER-IZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether. ETHIC, } a. [L. ethicus.] Relating to manners or mor- ETH'IC-AL, 5 als ; treating of morality ; delivering pre- cepts of morality. ETH'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality. ETHICS, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of moral duty. 2. A system of moral principles ; a system of rules for regulating the actions of men. ETH1-OP, to. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. — Shah. E'THI-OPS MARTIAL. Black oxyd of iron. ETHI-OPS MIN'ER-AL. A combination of mercury and sulphur. ETHMOID, la. [Gr. y^os and etSos.] Resembling a ETH-MOID'AL, ) sieve. — Ethmoid bone, a bone at the top of the root of the nose. ETHNXRCH, n. [Gr. iBvog and apxr)-] The governor of a province or people. ETHNIC, ) a. [L. ethnicus.] 1. Heathen ; pagan ; per- ETHNIC-AL, ) taming to the gentiles or nations not con verted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or classes of mankind. ETHNIC, n. A heathen ; a pagan. ETHNI-CISM, n. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry ETH-NOG'RA-PHER, ) n. One who writes on the differen ETH-NOL'O-gIST, j races of men. ETH-NO-GRAPH1C, > „ t . . ' iT . . ETH-NO-GRAPH'IG-AL, \ a - Staining to ethnography. ETH-NOG'RA-PH Y, \ n. [Gr. edvos, ypaQn, and AoyoS.] The ETH-NOL'O-gY, 5 science which describes the differ ent races of men, or a work on that science. ETH-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Treating of ethics. E-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who writes on morality. E-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. e 0os, or ndog, and Aoyo S .] A treatiaa _ on morality, or the science of ethics. E'THyL, 7i. [Gr. aidrjp and vXn-] A hypothetical radical or _ base existing in ether and its compounds. — Graham. E'TI-O-LaTE, v. i. [Gr. aidu>.] To become white or whiter ; _ to be whitened. E'TI-O-LaTE, v. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the _ sun's rays, as plants. e'TI-O-La-TED, pp. or a. Blanched ; whitened by excluding _ the sun's rays. e'TI-O-La-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding the sun's rays. E-TI-O-La'TION, n. The operation of being blanched, ae plants, by excluding the light of the sun. E-TI-O-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to etiology.— Arbuthnot. E-TI-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. atria and Aoyo?.] That branch of medical science which treats of the causes of diseases. ET-I-QUETTE' (et-e-kef), n. [Fr. etiquette.] Forms of cer- emony or decorum; tbe forms which are observed to- ward particular persons, or in particular places. ET-Ne'AN, a. [from /Etna.] Pertaining to Etna. t ETT1N, n. A giant.— Beailmont and Fletcher. t ETTLE, v. t. To earn.— Boucher. E™'(et-we'), \ n , [Yr. etui.] A case for pocket instru- ET-WEE'-CaSE, > • rET-Y-MOL'O-GER, n. An etymologist.— Grijfrth. ET-Y-MO-L06'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety- mology. ET-Y-MO-LOG'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to etymology. ET-Y-MO-LOg'I€-ON, 7i. A treatise in which the etymolo« gies of words are traced ; as, Whiter 's Etijmologicon. ET-Y-MOL'O-gIST, 7i. One versed in etymology ; one who searches into the original of words. ET-Y-MOL'O-GiZE, v. i. To search into the origin of words ; to deduce words from their simple roots. ET-Y-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. srv^ios and Aoyof.] 1. That part of philology which explains the origin and derivation of words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduction of words from their originals ; the analysis of compound words into their primitives. ETY-MON, n. [Gr. itvixov.] An original root, or primitive word. EU'CHA-RIST (yulia-rist), n. [Gr. evxapicria.] 1. The sac- rament of the Lord's Supper. 2. The act of giving or re- turning thanks. EU-CHA-RISTTC, \a. 1. Containing expressions of EU-CHA-RIST'I€-AL, 5 thanks. 2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. Eu'CHLOR-E (yulriore), a. [Gr. ev and xAwpo?.] In miner- alogy, having a distinct green color. — Mohs. EU-€HLo'RIC (yu-klo'rik), a. Of a distinct green color.— Euchloric gas, the same as Euchlorine. Eu'CHLO-RlNE, n. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine. EU-CHOL'O-GY (yu-kol'o-je), n. [Gr. tvxo^oyiov.] A form- ulary of prayers ; the Greek ritual. Eu'€HRO-ITE, n. [Gr. tvxpoia.] A transparent brittle min- eral of a light emerald green color. Eu'€HY-MY (yu/ke-me), n. [Gr. ivxv^io..] A good state of the blood and other fluids of the body. Eu-CHY-SID'ER-iTE, n. A mineral occurring in Norway. Eu'CLaSE, n. A brittle gem of the beryl family, occurring in fight green transparent crystals. It comes from the topaz localities in Brazil. Eu'€RA-SY (yulira-se), n. [Gr ev and Kpacrig.] In medicine, such a due or well-proportioned iwixture of qualities in bodies, as tends to constitute health or soundness. EfjCTIC-AL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving. — Mede. EU'DI-AL-YTE, n. [Gr. cv and <5i«Ai;'i).] A rose-red or brown- ish-red mineral occurring in nearly opaque crystals. EU-DI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. evdios, cv, Sws, and ixerpov.] An instrument for ascertaining the purity of the atmosphere, or, rather, the quantity oi oxyg m in any given bulk «f elastic fluid. — lire. DOVE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, vr"CIOUS.--G as K ; Ai O as J ; SaaZ; CH as SII ; TIJ is in this, t Obsolete. EUR 370 EVA EU-IX ) METRIC, la. Pertaining to a evidiometer ; EU-DI O-MET'RIC-AL, > performed or ascertained by a eudiometer. EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining the purity of the air by the eudiometer. \ Efj'GE, n. Applause. — Hammond. EfJ'GEN-Y, n. [Gr. ev and yevog.] Nobleness of birth. EuGH (yu), n. A tree. See Yew. EU-HaR-MONTG, a. [Gr. ev, and harmonic] Producing harmony or concordant sounds. Eu'KAI-RiTE, n. [Gr. svKaipos.] Cupreous seleniuret of silver, a mineral of a shining lead-gray color. FTirnWAT i a ' Containing praise ; commendatory. EU-LOG'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a manner to convey praise. Eu'LO-GlST, n. One who praises and commends another. EU-LO-GlSTIC, a. Commendatory ; full of praise. EU-LO-GlSTIC-AL-LY, adv. With commendation. EU-Lo'Gl-UM, n. A speech or writing in commendation of some one ; eulogy. EO'LO-giZE (yulo-jize), v. t. To praise ; to speak or write in commendation of another ; to extol. Eu'LO-GlZ.ED, pp. Praised; commended. EuTO-GlZ-LNG, ppr. Writing or speaking in praise of. Ku'LO-GY, n. [Gr. Ev\oyia.] A speech or writing in com- mendation of a person. — Syn. Praise ; encomium ; pane- gyric ; applause. Eu'NO-MY, n. [Gr. Evvoixia.] Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. — Mitford. Eu'NU-GH (yu'nuk), n. [Gr. evvovx°S-] A male of the human species castrated. fEu'NTJCH, v. t. To make a eunuch. — Creech. Eu'NUCH-aTE, v. t. To make a eunuch ; to castrate. Eu'NUCH-a-TED (yu'nuk-), pp. Made a eunuch. Eu'NU€H-a-TING, ppr. Making a eunuch. Eu'NUCH-ISM, n. The state of being a eunuch. ' EU-ONT-MUS, n. [L.] A shrub caUed spindle-tree. EU-OTO-MOUS, a. [Gi\ ev and te/xvu).) In mineralogy, easi- ly cleavable. — Shepard. Eu'PA-THY, n. [Gr. Ev-adsia.} Right feeling.— .Harm. EU-PA-TOR'I-NA, n. A supposed alkaloid, having a pecu- liar sharp, bitter taste, obtained from eupatorium cannabis num, or hemp agrimony. Eu'PA-TO-RY, n. [L. eupatorium.] The hemp agrimony. EU-PEP'SY (yu-pep'se), n. [Gr. Ev^Eipia.] Good concoction in the stomach ; good digestion. EU-PEPTIC, a. Having good digestion. EtJTHE-MISM (yu'fe-mizm), n. [Gr. sofwiioftos.] A repre- sentation of good qualities ; particularly, in rhetoric, a fig- ure by which a delicate word or expression is substituted for one which is offensive. ETJ-PHE-MIS'TIG (yu-fe-mis'tik), a. Containing euphe- mism ; rendering more decent or delicate hi expression. EU-PHQ.NTG, ? a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the EU-PHON'IC-AL, 5 ear. EuTHO-NISM (yu'fo-nizm), n. An agreeable combination of sounds. EU-PHo'NI-OUS, a. Agreeable in sound. EU-PHo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With euphony ; harmoniously. Eu'PHO-NiZE (yu'fo-nize), v. t. To make agreeable in sound. Eu'PHO-NY (yu'fo-ne), n. [Gr. ev^mvui.] An agreeable sound : an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds. EU-PHOR'BI-A, n. [Gr. £v(pop8ia.] In botany, spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species. EU-PHOR'BI-UM, n. [L.] In materia medica, an inspissated sap exuding from an African plant, of a biting taste, and extremely acrimonious. Eu'PHO-TlDE, n. A name given by the French to the ag- gregate of diallage and saussurite. Su'PHRA-SY (yu'fra-se), n. [Gr. svcppaaia.] Eyebright, a genus of plants. Eu'PHU-ISM, n. [Gr. ebQvrjs.] An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language ; high-flown diction. Eu'PHU-IST (yu'fu-ist), n. [Gr. EV(pvrj S .] One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language ; applied particularly to a class of writers in the age of Elizabeth, whose unnatural and high-flown diction is ridiculed' in Sir Walter Scott's Monastery, in the character of Sir Per- cy Shafton. £^"£?U-ISTT€, a. Belonging to euphuism, or the euphuists. E U-RA'fclAN, n.ova. [A contraction of European and Asian.] A term applied in India to one born of a European on the one_side and an Asiatic on the other. EU-Rl'PUS, n. [Gr. cvpnrog.] A strait; a narrow tract of water. Eu'RlTE, n. The French name of feldspathic granite • the white stone (weiss stein) of Werner. EU-ROC'LY-DON, ra. [Gr. Evpos and kXvSuv.] A temuestu- ous wind, such as drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in which St. Paul was sailing to Italy. EfT'ROPE, n. The great quarter of the earth that lies be- tween the Atlantic Ocean and Asia, and between the Med- iterranean Sea and the North Sea. EU-RO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to Europe. EU-RO-Pe'AN, n. A native of Europe. Eu'RUS, n. [L.l The east wind. EfJ'RYTH-MY (yu'rith-me), n. [Gr. ev and pvBuoS.) In archi- tecture, painting, and sculpture, ease, majesty, and elegance of the parts of a body, arising from just proportions." EU-Se'BI-AN, n. A follower of Eusebius of Mcomedia, who was a friend and protector of Arius. EU-STI'CHI-AN (yu-sta/ke-an), a. The eustachian tube is a small pipe or duct running from a cavity of the ear into the back part of the mouth. Eu'STyLE, n. [Gr. ev and otuAo?.] In architecture, a term denoting a building in which the columns are placed at the most convenient distances from each other, t. e., two and one fourth diameters apart. tEu'TAX-Y, n. [Gr. Evra\ia.] Established order.— Waterh. EU-TER'PE, n. In mythology, the muse who presided over wind instruments ; and to whom, also, was ascribed the invention of tragedy. EU-TER'PE-AN, a. Pertaining to Euterpe ; an epithet fre- quently bestowed on musical associations. Eu'THA-NI-SY or EU-THAN'A-SY, n. [Gr. evOavama; L. euthanasia.] An easy death. EU-TY€H'I-AN, n. A follower of Eutychius, who held that the divine and human natures of Christ, after their union, became so blended together as to be but one nature ; a Monophysite. — J. Murdoch. EU-TYCH'I-AN-ISM (yu-tik'e-an-izm), n. The doctrine of Eutychius. t E-VI'CaTE, v. t. [L. vaco.] To empty.— Harvey. E-VACTJ-ANT, a. [L. evacuans.] Emptying; freeing from. E-VACTJ-ANT, n. A medicine which procures evacuations, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions. E-VACU-aTE, v. t. [L. evacuo.] 1. To make empty ; to free from any thing contained. 2. To throw out ; to eject ; to void ; to discharge, as the contents of the stomach. 3 . To empty ; to free from contents, as the stomach. 4. To quit ; to withdraw from a place. 5. To make void ; to nullify ; [in this sense, vacate is more used.] E-VACF-a-TED, pp. or a. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from the contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ; discharged ; vacated. E-VA-G'U-'a-TING, ppr. Emptying ; making void or vacant ; withdrawing from. E-VA€-tJ-a'T10N, n. 1. The act of emptying or clearing of the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army or garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or other natural means , a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. 3. Abolition ; nullification. E-VACST-A-TlVE, a. That evacuates. E-VACC-A-TOR, n. One who makes void. — Hammond. E-VIDE', v. t. [L. evado.] 1. To avoid by dexterity. 2. To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem; to slip away 3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address, or ingenu- ity. 4. To escape as imperceptible. — South. E-VaDE', v. i. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt %o escape ; to practice artifice or sophistry, for the purpose of eluding. — Syn. To prevaricate ; equivocate ; shuffle. E- VaD'ED, pp. Avoided ; eluded. E-VaD1NG, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping away from danger, pursuit, or attack. EV-A-Ga'TION, n. [L. evagatio.] The act of wandering ; excursion ; a roving or rambling. E-VAg-IN-a'TION, n. [L. e and vagina.] The act of un- sheathing. t E'VAL, a. [L. avum.] P^elating to time or duration. E-VAL-U-A'TION, n. [Fr.] Valuation ; apprizement, [Not used.] EV-A-NES'CENCE, n. [L. evanescens.] 1. A vanishing ; a gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The state of being liable to vanish. EV-A-NES'CENT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ; fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation. EV-AN-ES'CENT-LY, adv. In a vanishing manner. t E-VAN'oEL, n. [L. evangelium.] The Gospel. — Chaucer t EV-AN-GE'LI-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors. *E-VAN-GEL'I€, \a. [Low L. evangelicus.] 1. Accord- E-VAN-fiEL'IC-AL, 5 ing to the Gospel ; consonant to the doctrines and precept3 of the Gospel. 2. Contained in the Gospel. 3. Sound in the doctrines of the Gospel ; orthodox. E-VAN-GEL'IC-AL-ISM, n. Adherence to evangelical doc- trines. E-VAN-GEL'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner according to tho Gospel. E-VAN'GEL-ISM, n. The promulgation of the Gospei. E-VAN'gEL-IST, n. 1. A writer of the history of our bless- ed Savior, Jesus Christ. 2. A preacher of the Gospel, li- censed to preach, but not having charge of a particular church. E-VAN'GEL-IST-A-RY, it. A selection of passages from the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. E-VAN-GEL-I-Z a'TION, n. The act e imit ited. 2. A pattern, in morals or manners ; a copy or model. 3. Precedent; a former instance. 4. Precedent or former instance; [in a bad sense, intended for caution] 5. A per- son fit to be proposed for a pattern ; one wh< se conduct is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which disposes to imitation. 7. Instance serving for illustration of a iule or precept ; or a particular case or proposition illustrating this, t Ubtcieze.. sxc 374 EXC gOi^ll .. . jolrule position, or truth. — 8. In logic or rhetoric, an ddii '.tico iff what may happen from what has happened. , KX-AM'PI V- i. t. To exemplify ; .to set an example. tEX-AM'PL 5 LESS, a. Having no example. — Ben Jo?ison. EX-AM'PLER, "i. A patt ;rn ; now sample or sampler. ?EX-AN'GUI-CUS, a. Having no blood. See Exsanguious. EX-AN"GU-LOUS, a. Having no corners. EX-AN'1-MA f E (egz-an'e-mate), a. [L. exanimatus.] Life- less ; sp'ritless ; disheartened ; depressed in spirits. EX-AN'IMaTE, v. t. To dishearten; to discourage. EX-AN'IMa-TED, pp. Disheartened. EX- AN'l -MI-TING, ppr. Discouraging. EX-AN-I-M i'TlON, n, Deprivation of life or of spirits. EX AN'I-MO. [L.] Literally, from the mind; sincerely; heartily. EX-AN'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless ; dead. EX-AN-THE'MA (eks-an-the'ma), n. ; pi. Exanthem'ata. Among physicians, eruption ; a breaking out. The term is now confined to such eruptions as are attended with fever. — Good. EX-AN-THE-MAT'IG, \a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; noting EX-ANTHEM'A-TOUS, 5 morbid redness of the skin. I- EX-ANT'LiTE, v. t. [L. exantlo.] To draw out. EX-ANT-LaTION, n. The act of drawing out. EX-A-Ra'TION, 7i. [L. exaro.] The act of writing. EX'aRGH (eks'arfc), n. [Gr. apxoi-] 1. A viceroy of the Byzantine emperors ; as, the exarch of Ravenna. — 2. In the Greek Church, formerly, a title assumed • by certain bishops. — 3, More recently, an inspector of the clergy, ap- pointed by the Eastern patriarchs. EX-aRGH'aTE, n. The office, dignity, or administration of an exarch. — Taylor. EX-aR-TIG-U-La'TION, n. Dislocation of a joint. EX-ASTER-aTE (egz-as'per-ate), v. t. [L. exaspero.] 1. To excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. 2. To aggravate; to imbitter, as enmity. 3. To augment vio- lence; to increase malignity; to exacerbate, as pain or disease. — Syn. To anger ; irritate ; enrage ; inflame ; pro- voke ; excite ; rouse. EX-AS'PER-ATE, a. Provoked ; imbittered ; inflamed. EX-ASTER-A-TED, pp. or a. Highly angered or irritated ; provoked; enraged; imbittered. EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmity, or violence. EX-AS'PER-A-TING, ppr. or a. Exciting keen resentment ; inflaming anger ; irritating; increasing violence. EX-AS-PER-A'TION, n. 1. Irritation ; "the act of exciting violent anger ; provocation. 2. Extreme degree of anger ; violent passion ; rage ; fury. 3. Increase of violence or mali v. t. [L. exauctoro.] To dismiss from EX-AUTHOR-aTE, > service ; to deprive of a benefice. EX-AUG-TOR- a'TTON, > n. Dismission from service ; dep- EX-AU-THOR-A'TION, J rivation; degradation. EX-AUTHOR-iZE, v. t. To deprive of authority. EX-AU'THOR-lZSD, pp. Deprived of authority. EX-AUTHOR-lZ-ING, ppr. Depriving of authority. EX-GAL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. excalceo.) Deprived of shoes ; unshod; barefooted. EX-CAN-DES'CENCE, n. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A grow- ing hot ; or a white heat ; glowing heat. 2. Heat of pas- sion ; violent ans;er ; or a growing angry. EX-CAN-DES'CENT, a. White withheat. EX-GAN-TITION, n. [L. excanto.] Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Little used.] EX-GaR'NaTE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.] To deprive or clear of flesh. — Grew. 9 EX-GaR'Na-TED, pp. Deprived of flesh. EX-GaR'Na-TING, ppr. Depriving of flesh. EX-GaR'NI-FI-GaTE, v. t. To cut offtlesh. EX-GXR'NI-FI-Ga-TING, ppr. Cutting off flesh. EX-GaR-NI-FI-Ga'TION, n. [L. excamifico.] The act of cutting oft' flesh, or of depriving of flesh. EX -GA-THE'DRA. [L.] Literally, from the chair, as of au- thority or instruction. Hence with authority or dogma- tism. [The Latin will allow of cath'e-dra or ca-the'dra, but the latter is most common in English.] EX'GA-VaTE, v. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow ; to cut, scoop, dig, or wear out the inner part of any thing, and make it hollow. EX'GA-Va-TED, pp. or a. Hollowed ; made hollow. EX'GA-Va-TING, ppr. or a. Making hollow ; making or ca- pable ofmaking an excavation ; as, an excavating machine. EX-GA-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A hollow era cavity, formed by removing the interior sub- stance. j5X'GA-Va-TOR, n. 1. One who excavates. 2. A machine for excavating. EX-GaVE', v. t. To hollow.— Coclccram. EX-Ce'GaTE, v. t. [L. exececo.} To make blind. EX-C ^-Ga'TION, n. The act of making blind. EX-CvDENT, n. Excess. [Not authorized.] EX-CEED' (ek-seed'X v. t. [L. excedo.] 1. To pass or go be- yond ; to proceed beyond any given or supposed limit measure, or quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2. To go beyond in any excellence, or any desirable quality. — Syn To surpass; excel; outgo; transcend; outdo; outvie. EX-CEED', v. i. 1. To go too far ; to pass the proper bounds ; to go over any given limit, number, or measure. 2. To bear the greater proportion ; to be more or larger. EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may surmount or exceed. EX-CEED'ED, pp. Excelled ; surpassed ; outdone. EX-CEED'ER, n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of fitness. — Montagu. EX-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Going beyond ; surpassing ; excel : ling; outdoing. 2. a. Great in extent, quantity, or dura- tion ; [rare.] 3. adv. In a very great degree ; unusually. EX-CEED'ING, n. Excess ; superfluity.— Smollett. EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree ; in a de- gree beyond what is usual ; greatly ; very much. t EX-CEED'ING-NESS, n. Greatness in quantity, extent, oi duration. EX-CEL' (ek-soF), v. t. [L. excello.] 1. To go beyond; to exceed ; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds ,* to outdo. 2. To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities oi deeds ; as, excelling envy itself in mischief. — Spenser ; [rare.] 3. To exceed; to surpass. EX-CEL' (ek-sel'), v. i. To have good qualities, or to per- form meritorious actions in an unusual degree ; to be em- inent, illustrious, or distinguished. EX-CELL.ED' (ek-seld'), pp. Surpassed; outdone. EX'CEL-LENCE, >«,. [Fr.; L. excellentia.) 1. The state of EX'CEL-LEN-CY, 3 possessing good qualities in an unus- ual or eminent degree ; the state of excelling in any thing. 2. Any valuable quality ; any thing highly laudable, meri- torious, or virtuous in persons, or valuable and esteemed in things. 3. Dignity ; high rank in the scale of beings. 4. A title of honor formerly given to kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, governors, and other persons below the rank of kings. — Syn. Superiority ; perfection ; supereminence ; worth ; greatness ; purity ; goodness. EX'CEL-LENT (ek'sel-lent), a. 1. Being of great virtue or • worth ; eminent or distinguished for what is amiable, val- uable, or laudable. 2. Being of great value or use ; [ap- plied to things ;] remarkable for good properties. 3. Dis- tinguished for superior attainments. 4. Consummate ; complete ; as, an excellent hypocrite. Hmne. — Syn Wor- thy ; choice ; prime ; valuable ; select . exquisite trans- cendent. EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner ; well in a high degree ; in an eminent degree. EX-CEL'LING, ppr. Surpassing; outdoing; going beyond. EX-CEL' SI-OR, a. [L.] More lofty; more elevated ; high- er. The motto of the State of New York. EX-CEN'TRIG. See Eccentric. EX-CEPT' (ek-sepf), v. t. [Fr. excepter.] 1. To take or leave out of any number specified ; to exclude. 2. To take or leave out any particular or particulars from a general de- scription. EX-CEPT', v. i. To object; to make objection; followed by to, sometimes against. EX-CEPT', pp. [contracted from excepted.} Taken out; not included. Ah were involved in this affair, except one, that is, one excepted, the case absolute, or independent clause. It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes exclusion. — Except and excepting are commonly, though incorrectly, classed among prepositions. EX-CEPT'ED, pp. See Except. EX-CEPT'ING, ppr. 1. Taking or leaving out ; excluding. 2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting three. EX-CEP'TION (ek-sep'shun), n. 1. The act of excepting, of excluding from a number designated, or from a descrip- tion ; exclusion. 2. Exclusion from what is comprehend- ed in a general rule or proposition. 3. That which is ex- cepted, excluded, or separated from others in a general description ; the person or thing specified as distinct or not included. 4. An objection ; that which is or may be offered in opposition to a rule, proposition, statement, or allegation : with to. 5. Objection with dislike ; offense ; slight anger or resentment; as, to take exception to some remark. — 6. In law, the denial of what is alleged and considered as valid by the other party, either hi pcint of law or in pleading. 7. A saving clause in writing. — Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to evidence. EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection. EX-CEP'TION-AL, a. Forming or making an exception.— Lyell. EX-CEP'TION-ER, n. One who makes objections.— Milton. EX-CEP'TIOUS (-shus), a. Peevish ; disp osed or apt to cavil. — Burke. EX-CEP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to ci yjL EX-CEPT'IVE, a. 1. Including an exception —Watts. 2 Making or being an exception. — Milt07i. t EX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception. -Jhtk. See Synopsis, a, E, T, &c, long.—X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MAR*N X, BiRD ; -M/ t i B )OK. EXC 375 EXC EX-CEPTOR, n. One who objects, or makes exceptions. EX-CER'E BR5SE, a. Having no brains. EX-CERN', v. t. [L.exrrrno.] To separate and emit through the pores, or through sniull passages of the body ; to strain out ; to excrete. EX-CERN.ED' (ek-sernd'), pp. Separated; excreted; emit- ted through the capillary vessels of the body. EX-CERN'ING, ppr. Emitting through the small passages ; excreting. EX-CERP', v. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.] t EX-CERPT, v. t. [L. excerpo.) To select.— Barnard. EX-CERP'TA,n.pl. |L.] Passages extracted. EX-CERPTION, n. [L. excerptio.] 1. A picking out; a gleaning ; selection. 2. That which is selected. EX-CERPTOR, n. A picker ; a culler.— Barnard. EX-CERPTS', n.pl. Extracts from authors. [A bad word.} EX-CESS' (ek-ses'), n. [L. excessus.] 1. Superfluity ; that which is beyond necessity or wants ; as, excess of light. 2. That which is beyond the common measure, propor- tion, or due quantity ; as, excess of bile in the system. 3. Superabundance of any thing. 4. Any transgression of due limits ; as, a pardonable excess. — 5. In morals, any in- dulge? ce of appetite, passion, or exertion beyond the rules A God's word, or beyond any rule of propriety ; in- temperance. — 6. In arithmetic and geometry, that by which one number or quantity exceeds another. EX-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Bej r ond any given degree, measure, or limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion. 2. Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, ex- pedience, or utility. 3. Extravagant; unreasonable, as expenses. 4. Vehement ; violent, as rage. EX-CESS'iVE-LY, adv. 1. In an extreme degree ; beyond measure ; exceedingly. 2. Vehemently violently. EX-CESS'IVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being ex- cessive ; excess. EX-CHaNgE' (eks-chanj'), v. t. [Fr. echanger.] 1. In com- merce, to give one thing or commodity for another ; to barter. 2. To lay aside, quit, or resign one thing, state, or condition, and take another in the place of it. 3. To give and receive reciprocally ; to give and receive in com- pensation the same thing. 4. To give and receive the like thing. — Syn. To change ; commute ; interchange ; bar- gain ; truck ; swap. EX-CHINGE', n. 1. In commerce, the act of giving one thing or commodity for another ; traffic by permutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be equivalent to the thing given. 2. The act of giving up or resigning one thing or state for another, without contract. 3. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The contract by which one commodity is transferred to another for an equivalent commodity. 5. The thing given in return for something received, or the thing received in return for what ia given. 6. The form of exchanging one debt or credit for another ; or the receiving or paying of mon- ey in one place for an equal sum in another, by order, draft, or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile language, a bill diawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current price between two places, which is above or below par, or at par. — 9. In law, a mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. 10. The pkce where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet to transact business, at certain hours ; often contracted into change. — Syn. Barter ; dealing ; trade ; traffic ; inter- change ; reciprocity. EX-CHaNgE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being exchangeable. — Washington. EX-CHaNgE'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable, fit, or jiroper to be exchanged. — Marshall. EX-CHaN££D' (eks-chanjd'), pp. Given or received for something else ; bartered. EX-CHaNg'ER, n. One who exchanges ; one who prac- tices exchange. EX-CH aNgING, ppr. Giving and receiving one commodity for another ; giving and receiving mutually ; laying aside or relinquishing one thing or state for another. EX-CHEQUER (eks-chek'er), n. [Fr. cchiquier.] In Eng- land, an ancient court of record, intended principally to collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or rev- enues. The financial part of its business is now transact- ed by the Bank of England ; and the judicial part, which consists of a court of common law and a court of equity, is now opened to the nation generally. Smart. — Exchequer bills, in England, bills for money, or promissory bills, is- sued from the exchequer by authority of Parliament. EX-CHEQ'UER, v. t. To institute a process against a per- son in the court of exchequer. — Pegge. EX-CHEQ'UER£D (eks-chek'erd), pp. Proceeded against in chancery. EX-CHEQ'UER-ING (eks-chek'er-ing), ppr. Instituting pro- cess against in chancery. EX-CIP'I-ENT. n. One who excepts. DOVE —BULL. UNITfc ;— Aft"GER. VJ"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; ClI EX-ClS'A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise. EX-ClSE', n. [L. excisum.] An inland tax or impost on *rti cles produced and consumed in a country, and also oj 1 censes to deal in certain commodities. Formerly, in Eng land, the excise embraced some imported articles, bu these are now transferred to the customs. EX-ClSE', v. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles pro- duced and consumed at home. EX-ClS ED' (ek-sizd'), pp. Charged with the duty of excise. EX-ClSE'MAN, n. An officer who inspects commodities, andrates the excise duty on them. — Johnsou. EX-ClSTNG, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise. EX-CIS'ION (ek-sizh'un), n. [L. exdsio.} 1. In surgery, a cutting out or cutting off any part of the body ; amputa- tion. 2. The cutting off of a person or nation, as a judg- ment ; extirpation ; destruction. 3. A cutting off from, the Church ; excommunication. EX-Cl-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of ex citement ; susceptibility of increased vital action. EX-ClTA-BLE, a. Capable of being excited. EX-ClTANT, n. That which produces or may produce in- creased action in a living body ; a stimulant. t EX-ClTjATE, v. t. To excite.— Bacon. EX-CI-Ta'TION, n. The act of exciting or putting in mo- tionj the act of rousing: or awakening. EX-ClT'A-TIVE. a. Having power to excite.— Barrow. EX-ClTA-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite.— Miller. EX-ClTE', v. t. [L. excito.] 1. To call into action ; to stir up ; to cause to act that which is dormant, stupid, or in- active. 2. To give new or increased action to, as the blood. 3. To raise ; to create ; to put in motion, as an in- surrection. 4. To raise to high state of feeling or action ; as, to excite the passions. — Syn. To awaken ; animate ; in- citej arouse; stimulate; inflame; irritate; provoke. EX-ClT'ED, pp. or a. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; puc, in motion ; stimulated ; inflamed. EX-ClTE'MENT. n. 1. The act of exciting ; stimulation. 2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation ; a state of being roused into action. 4. That which excites or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces action ; a motive. — Shah. EX-CIT'ER, n. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts in motion, or the cause which awakens and moves. — 2. In medicine, a stimulant. EX-ClTING, ppr. or a. Calling or rousing into action ,- stim- ulating. EX-ClT'ING, n. Excitation.— Herbert. EX-ClTTNG-LY, adv. In an exciting manner. EX-CiriVE, a. Tending to excite. EX-CLaIM', v. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice with vehemence ; to make a loud outcry in words. 2. To de- clare with loud vociferation. — Syn. To call out ; cry out ; shout. t EX-CL AIM', n. Clamor ; outcry.— Shak. EX-€LaIM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence , one who speaks with passion or much noise. EX-€LaIM'ING, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating. EX-CLA-MI'TION, n. 1. Outcry; noisy talk; clamor. 2 Vehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance ; a ve hement extension or exertion of voice ; ecphonesis. 4. A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is marked ; thus, !- -5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry ; an in- terjection , a word expressing some passion, as wonder, fear, or grief. EX-CLAMA-TIVE, a. Containing exclamation. EX-CLAM'A-TO-RY. a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Contain- ing or expressing exclamation. EX-CLuDE', v. t. [L. excludo.] Properly, to thrust out or eject; but used as synonymous with preclude. 1. To thrust out ; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad- mission ; to shut out, as from office. 3. To debar ; to hin der from participation or enjoyment, as from trade. 4. To except ; not to comprehend or include. EX-€LuD'EI), pp. or a. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or prohibited from entrance or admission ; debarred. EX-CLtJDING, ppr. Ejecting ; hindering from entering ; debarring ; not comprehending. EX-CLO'SION (eks-klu'zhun), n. 1. The act of excluding ; ejection. 2. The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 3. The act of debarring. 4. Rejection. 5. Exception; non-reception, in a general sense. 6. Ejection. EX-€Lu'S10N-IST (eks-klu'zhun-ist), n. One who would preclude another from some privilege. — Fox. EX-€Lu'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en- trance ; as, exclusive bars. — Milton. 2. Debarring from par ticipation ; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of oth- ers. 3. Not taking into the account ; not including or com- prehending; opposed to inclusive. EX-GLu'SlVE, n. One of a coterie who exclude others. EX-CLu'SIVE-LY, adv. 1. Without admission of others to participation ; with the exclusion of all others. 2. With- out comprehension in : not inclusively. EX-€LU'SIVE-NESS, n. State of being exclusive "Sll7 TH aTiiwH - T Oblolae EX.C 376 EXE £X CLfJ'SIV-IiSM, n. Act or practice of excluding. EX-CLiTSO-RY i Exclusive ; excluding ; able to exclude. — Walsh. [Little used.] \ EX-€OGT,_v. t. [L. excoctus.] To boil.— Bacon. EX-COg'1-TaTE, v. t. [L. excogito.] To invent ; to strike out by thinking ; to contrive. — Hale. EX-€Og'I-Ta-TED, pp. Contrived ; struck out in thought EX-COg'1-Ta -TING, ppr. Contriving. EX-€Og-I-Ta'TION, n. Invention ; contrivance ; the act of devising in the thoughts. t EX-€OM-MuNE', v. i. To exclude.— Gayton. EX-COM-Mu'NI-GA-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex- communicated. — Hooker. EX-€OM-M0'NI-€aTE, v. t. [L. ex and communico.] To ex- pel from communion ; to eject from the communion of the Church. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-CATE, n. One who is excommunicated. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A.TED,_£p. or a. Expelled cr separated from communion with a church. EX-€OM-MO'NI-0A-TING, ppr. Expelling from the com- Bmnion of a church. EX-COM-MU NI-ClTlON, n. The act of ejecting from a church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and daprivation of its rights, privileges, and advantages. The lesser excommunication was a debarring from the eucha- rist; the greater excomviunication was a total excision from the Church. EX -eON-CES'SO. [L.] From that which is conceded. EX-€o'RI-aTE, v. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip or wear ofl" the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to break and re- move the cuticle. EX-€o'RI-I-TED, pp. Flayed ; galled ; stripped of skin. EX-CoRI-A-TING, ppr. Flaying ; galling ; stripping of the cuticle. EX-CO-RI-a/TION, n. 1. The act of flaying,, or the opera- tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abrasion. 2. Plunder ; [not used.] EX-COR-TI-Ca'TION, n. [L. ex and cortex.] The act of stripping off bark. — Coze. EX'€PvE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting. EX'CRE-XTE, v. t. [L. excrco.] To hawk and spit. EX'€RE-I-TED, pp. Discharged from the throat by hawk- ing and spitting. EX'€RE-I-TING, ppr. Discharging from the throat by hawk- ing and spitting. EX-€RE-X'TION, n. A spitting out. EX'CRE-MENT, n. [L. excremcntum.] Matter excreted and ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body after digestion ; alvine discharges. EX-CRE-MENTAL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural passages of the body. EX-€RE-MEN-TI"TIAL, a. Pertaining to excrement. EX-GRE-MEN-Tl"TIOUS (eks-kre-men-tish'us), a. Pertain- ing to, consisting of, or containing excrement. — Harvey. EX-€RES'CENCE, n. [L. excrescens.] 1. In surgery, a pre- ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ; a superfluous part. 2. Any preternatural enlargement of a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc- tion. EX-CRES'CENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a preternatural manner ; superfluous. EX-CReTE', v. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw off; to discharge. EX-€ReT'ED, pp. or a. Passed from the body by excretion. EX-€P.ETTNG,pp"- Discharging; separating by the natural ducts. EX-CRE'TION, n. [L. excretio.] 1. The throwing off of ef- fete, or no longer useful, matter from the animal system. 2. That which is excreted. EX'CRE-TIVE, a. Having the power of separating and ejecting fluid matter from the body. EX'€RE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or throwing ofl" excrementitious matter by the glands. EX'CRE-TO-RY, n. A little duct or vessel destined to re- ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secreto- ry vessel. EX-€Ru'CIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment. EX-€Ru'CIaTE, v. t. [L. excrucio.] To torture; to tor- ment^ to inflict most severe pain on. EX-CRvj'CIa-TED,;^. Tortured; racked; tormented. EX-€Ru'ClA-TING, ppr. 1. Torturing; tormenting; put- ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis- tressing. EX-€RU-CI-A'TION, n. Torture ; vexation.— Frttham. EX-CU-BXTION, n. The act of watching all night. EX-€UL'PATE, v. t. [It. scolpare ; L. ex and ~culpo.] To clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or guilt. — Syn. To exonerate ; absolve ; excuse ; justify. EX-CUL'PA-BLE, a. That may be exculpated. EX-€UL'Pa-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa- tion of fault or guilt. EX-€UL'Pa-TING, ppr. Clearing by words from the charge of fault or crime. * See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY :— MARINE. BtRD EX-CUL-1 A'TION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge of fault or crime ; excuse. EX-CUL'PA-TO-RY, a. Able to clear from the charge ol fault or guilt ; excusing; containing excuse. EX-CUR'RENT, a. In botany, a termnsed in describing the ramification of any body whose axis remains always in the center, the other parts being regularly disposed round it — Lindley. EX-€UR'SION, n. [L. cxcursio.] 1. A rambling ; a deviating from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond fixed limits. 3. Digression; a wandering from a subject oi main design. 4. An expedition or journey ; any rambling from a point or place, and return to the same point of place. — Syn. Ramble ; tour ; trip ; jaunt. EX-CUR'SIVE, a. Rambling; wandering; deviating. EX-€UR'SiVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. EX-€UR'SlVE-NESS, re. The act of wandering, or of pass ing usual limits. EX--eUR'SUS, n. [L.] Literalltj. digression ; a dissertation containing a more full exposition of some important point or topic, appended to a work. EX-€uS'A-BLE, a. 1. That maybe excused; pardonable; [applied to persons.] 2. Admitting of excuse or justifiea- tionj [applied to acts.] EX-€uS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being excusable ; pardonableness ; the quality of admitting of excuse. EX-GfJSA-BLY, adv. In an excusable manner; pardonably EX-^H-SaTION, «■ Excuse ; apology. [Little used.] EX-€U-Sa'T0R, n. One who makes' an excuse. EX-€uSA-TO-RY. a. Making excuse , containing excuse or apology ; apologetical. EX-CuSE'^. t. [L. excuso.] 1. To pardon; to free from the imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To pardon, as a fault; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an ob- ligation or duty ; as, to excuse from service. 4. To remit ; not to exact, as a forfeiture. 5. To pardon ; to admit an apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation by apology. 7. To justify ; to vindicate. EX-€fJSE', n. 1. A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing or apologizing. 3. That which excuses or extenuates a fault EX-CuS-ED' (eks-kiizd'), pp. Acquitted of guilt or fault ; for- given; overlooked. EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for which no excuse or apology can be offered. EX-€uS'ER, n. LOne who offers excuses, or pleads for another. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. EX-€ USING, ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault; forgiving; overlooking. t EX-CUSS', v. t. [L. excussus.] To shake off; also, to seize and detain by law. f EX-€US'SION (eks-kush'un), n. A seizing by law.— Ayliffe. EXE- AT. [L.] Literally, let him depart ; leave of absence given to a student in the English universities. EX'E-€RA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed ; verv hateful. — Syn. Detestable ; abominable ; accursed. EX'E-€RA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably. EX'E-CRaTE, v. t. [L. execror.] To curse ; to denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil on ; hence, to detest utterly ; to abhor ; to abominate. EX'E-€RA-TED,#p. or a. Cursed; denounced; imprecated EX'E-CRX-TING, ppr. Cursing; denouncing; imprecating. EX-E-CRaTION, n. The act of cursing ; a curse pro- nounced ; imprecation of evil ; malediction ; detestation expressed EX'E-€RA-TO-RY, n. A formulary of execration. EX-ECT, v. t. [L. execo.] To cut off or out. [Little used.] EX-EC'TION, re. A. cutting off or out. [Little used.] EX'E-CuTE, v. t. [Ft. executer.] 1. To perform; to do ; to carry into complete effect. 2. To inflict, as judgment. 3. To carry into effect, as the laws. 4. To carry into effect the law, or the nidgment or sentence on a person ; to in- flict capital punishment on ; tc put to death. 5. To kill without form of law. — Shah. 6. To complete, as a legal instrument ; to perform what is required to give validity to a writing, as by signing and sealing. — Syn. To accom- plish ; effect ; fulfill ; achieve ; consummate ; finish ; com- plete. EX'E-€fJTE, v. i. To perform the proper office. EX'E-€tJ-TED, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished ; car- ried into effect ; put to death. EX'E-€u-TER, re. One who performs or carries into effect EX'E-€u-TING, ppr. Doing; performing: finishing: ac complishing: inflicting; carrying into effect EX-E-€uTlON, re. 1. Performance ; the act of completing or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a sentence or judgment of court. 2 The instrument, war- rant, or official order by which an officer is empowei<>d to carry a judgment into effect 4. The act of signing and sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the la v in the punishment of criminals; capital punishment; ik'wth ia- EXE 377 EXH Meted according to the forms of kw. 6. Effect ; some- thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction ; slaughter.— 8. In the fine arts, the mode of performing a work of art, and the dexterity with which it is accomplished. EX-E-€u'TION-ER, n. 1. One who executes ; one who car- ries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant 2. He who kills; he who murders. 3. The instrument by which any thing is performed. EX-ECU-Tl VE (egz-ek'yu-tiv), a. Havii ig the quality of ex- ecuting or performing. EX-E-GU-TIVE, n. The person who administers the gov- ernment ; executive power or authority in government. — J. Qjiincy. EX-ECU TfVE-LY, adv. In the way of executing or per- forming. EX-ECU-TOR (egz-ek'yu-tor), n. The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into effect. — Executor in his own wrong, is one who, without authority, intermeddles with the goods of a deceased per- son, and thus subjects himself to me trouble of executor- ship without the profits or advantages. EX-EC-U-TOTtl-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor ; executive. EX-ECU-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an executor. EX-ECU-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties.— 2. In law. to be executed or carried into effect in future. EX-ECU-TRESS, In. A female executor ; a woman ap- EX-ECU-TRIX, 5 pointed by a testator to execute his will. EX'E-DRA or EX-ETJRA, n. [Gr. £ £ and (Spa.] A portico or vestibule ; also, a recess of a building. — Among the an- cient§,a small room for conversation.— Gloss, of Arch. EX-E-GE'SIS (eks-e-je'sis), n. [Gr. eXnynuis.] Exposition; explanation ; the science of interpretation ; particularly, interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. EX'E-eETE, n. One skilled in exegesis. EX-E-GETTG-AL, a. Pertaining to exegesis ; explanatory ; tendine to unfold or illustrate ; expository. EX-E-GETTC-AL-LY, adv. By way of explanation. EX-EM'PLAR (egz-em'plar), n. i. A model, original, or pat- tern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image of a thing, formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con- ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to im- itate. * EX'EM-PLA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to deserve imi- tation ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner that may warn others, by way of terror ; in such a man- ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. * EX'EM-PLA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a pattern for imitation. t EX-EM-PL AR'I-TY, n. A pattern worthy of imitation. * EX'EM-PLA-RY (egz'em-pler-ry), a. 1. Serving for a pat- tern or model for imitation ; worthy of imitati on. 2. Such as may serve for a warning to others ; such as may deter from crimes or vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and imitation. 4. Illustrating. *t EX'EM-PLA-RY, n. [Ft. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or writing. — Donne. EX-EM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of exemplifying ; a showing or illastrating by example. 2. A copy ; a tran- script ; an attested copy. EX-EMTLI-FI.ED, pp. Illustrated by example or copy. EX-EM'PLI-Fl-ER, n. One who exemplifies. EX-EM'PLI-FY (egz-em'ple-fi), v. t. [Low L. exemplo.] 1. To show or illustrate by example. 2. to copy ; to tran- scribe ; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show by an attested copy. EX-EM'PLl-FY-ING, ppr. Illustrating by example; tran- scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attest- ed copy. EX-EM'PLl GRITI-A (gra'she-a). For the sake of an ex- ample ; for instance. EX-EMPT (egz-eint), v. t. [Fr. exemvter.] To free, or per- mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, evil, or requisition to which others are subject ; to privi- lege ; to grant immunity from. EX-EMPT", a. 1. Free from any service, charge, burden, tax, duty, evil, or requisition to which others are subject ; not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege, as from the jurisdiction of a court. 3. Free ; clear ; not included. 4. Cut off from; [obs.] 3X-EMPT, n. One who is exempted or freed from duty ; one not subject. EX-EMPTED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax, or evils to which others are subject; privileged. EX EMPTT-BLE, a. Free; privileged. ■JX-EMPTING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax, or evil ; granting immunity to. ?X-EMPTION (egz-em'shun), n. 1. The act of exempting ; the state of being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, charge, burden, tax, evil, or requisition to which others are subject; inmranity; privilege. »EX-EMP-TY"TIOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from. EX-ENTER-XTE, v. t. [L. exentero.) To take out the bow els or entrails ; to embowel. — Brown. EX-EN-TER-A'TION, n. The act of taking out the bowels EX-E-QUa'TUR, n. [L.] A written recognition of a persol in the character of consul or commercial agent. EX-E'QUI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.] Pertainingto funerals. EX'E-QUlES (eks'e-quiz), n. pi. [L. exequice.] Funeral rites the ceremonies of burial ; funeral procession. EX-ER'CENT, a. [L. exercens.] Using ; practicing ; follow- ing.— Ayliffe. [Little used.] EX'ER-ClS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised. EX'ER-ClSE (eks'er-size). n. [L. exercitium.] 1. Use ; prac- tice ; the exertions and movements customary in the per- formance of business. 2. Practice ; performance, as Oi patience. 3. Use : employment ; exertion, as of the eyes. 4. Exertion of the body, as conducive to health ; action } motion, by labor, walking, riding, or other exertion. 5. Exertion of the body ; the habitual use of the limbs. 6L Exertion of the body and mind or faculties for improve- ment. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill; preparatory practice. 8. Exertion of the mind ; application of th» mental powers. 9. Task : that which is appointed for one to perform. 10. Act of divine worship. 11. A lesson or example for practice. EX'ER-ClSE, v. t. [L. exerceo.] 1. In a general sense, to move ; to exert ; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To use ; to exert. 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4. To exert one's powers or strength ; to practice habitually. 5. To practice ; to perform the" duties of. 6. To train to use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to use efforts. 8. To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep busy in action, exertion, or employment. 10. To pain or afflict ; to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy. EX'ER-ClSE, v. i. To use action or exertion. EX'ER-ClSJE'D, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained ; disciplined ; employed ; practiced ; pained ; afflicted ; rendered uneasy EX'ER-CiS-ER, n. One who exercises. EX'EFt-ClS-ING, ppr. Exerting; using; employing; train- ing; practicing. EX-ER-CI-TI'TION, n. [L. exercitado.] Exercise ; practice ; use. — Brown. EX-ERGUE' (egz-erg), n. [Gr. i\ and epyov.] In numismat- ics, the place on a medal or coin around and without the type or figure, which has generally the date or other par- ticular inscription. — Ehnes. EX-ERT (egz-erf), v. t. [L. exero.] 1. Literally, to thrust forth ; to emit ; to push out. 2. To bring out ; to cause to come forth ; to produce ; as, to exert one's powers. 3. To put or thrust forth, as strength, force, or ability ; to strain ; to put in action ; to bring into active operation. 4. To put forth ; to do or perform ; as, to exert an act. South. — To exert one's self, is to use efforts ; to strive. EX-ERT'ED, pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action. EX-ERTTNG, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action. EX-ERTION, n. The act of exerting or straining ; the act of putting into motion or action ; endeavor ; a striving or strujshng. EX-ERTlVE, a. Exerting ; haviny dra fins, out the contents, as a well. 3. To draw out or to » se "and expend the whole ; to consume, as the wealth of a country. 4. To use or expend the whole by exertion, as one's strength or patience. EXHAUST', a. Drained; exhausted. [Little used.] EX-HAUST'ED, pp. or a. Drawn out; drained off; emp- tied by drawing, draining, or evaporation; wholly used or expended; consumed. EX-HAUST'ER, n. He or that which exhausts. EX HAUST'I-BLE, a. That may be exhausted. EX-HAUST'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing out , draining off; empty- ing ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust. EX-HAUST'ION (egz-hawstfyun), n. 1. The act of drawing out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2. The state of being exhausted. — 3. In mathe- matics, a method of proving the equality of two magni- tudes by a reductio ad absurdum. EX-HAUST'IVE, a. That exhausts. EX-HAUST'LESS, a. Not to be exhausted ; not to be whol- ly drawn off or emptied ; inexhaustible. EX-HAUSTMENT, n. Exhaustion ; drain. EX-HAUSTtJRE, n. Exhaustion. EX'HK-DRA or EX-H£'DRA. See Exedka. EX-HER'E-DaTE, v. t. To disinherit. EX-HER-E-Da'TION, n. [L. exharedatio.] In the civil law, a disinheriting. EX-HIBTT (egz-MMt). v. t. [L. exhibeo.] 1. To offer or pre- sent to view; to present for inspection ; to show. 2. To show; to display; to manifest publicly; as, to exhibit a noble independence. 3. To present; to offer publicly or officially; as, to exhibit charges against any one. 4. To ad- minister, as a medicine. EX-HIB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, or in proof of facts ; a voucher or document produced. — 2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed on it by the examiner or commissioner. EX-H1B'IT-ED, pp. Offered to view ; presented for inspec- tion ; shown ; displayed. EX-HIB'IT-ER, u. One who exhibits ; one who presents a petition or charge. — Shah. * EX-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Offering to view ; presenting ; show- ing ; displaying. EX-HI-Bl'TION (eks-he-bish'un), n. [L. exhibitio.} 1. The act of exhibiting for inspection ; a showing or presenting to view ; display. 2. The offering, producing, or showing of titles, authorities, or papers of any kind before a tribu nal in proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of feats or actions in public ; display of oratory in public ; any public show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pen- sion, as to indigent students in the English universities. Hence, 5. Gift or recompense, as to servants. Shak. — 6. Tn medicine, the act of administering a remedy. EX-HI-Bl"TION-ER, n. In English universities, one who has a pension or allowance, granted for the encourage- ment of learning. EX-HIB'IT-IVE (egz-), a. Serving for exhibition; repre- sentative.— J\orris. EX-HI B'lT-lVE-LY, adv. By representation. EX-HIB'IT-O-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying. EX-HI L'A-R ANT, a. Exciting joy. mirth, or pleasure. EX-HI L'A-R ANT, n. That which exhilarates. EX-HIL'A-RaTE (egz-hil'a-rate), v. t. [L. exhilaro.] To make cheerful or merry; to make glad or joyous. — Syn. To cheer ; enliven ; animate ; inspire ; inspirit ; gladden. EX-HIL'A-RaTE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous. EX-HIL'A-Ra-TED, pp. Enlivened; animated ; cheered ; gladdened - L made joyous or jovial. EX-HIL'A-Ra-TING. ppr. or a. Enlivening ; giving life and vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening. EX-IIIL'A-Ra-TING-LY, adv. "in an exhilarating manner. EX-HIL-A-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of enlivening the spir- its ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2: The state of being enliveneu or cheerful. — Syn. Animation ; joyous- ness ; gladness ; cheerfulness ; gayety. EX-HORT (egz-horf), v. t. [L. exhortor.) 1. To incite by words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a good deed. 2. To advise; to warn"; to caution. 3. To incite or stimulate to exertion. £X-HORT, v. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds. f EX-HORT', n. Exhortation.— Pope. EX HORT-a'TION (eks-), n. 1. The act or practice of ex- horting ; the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 2. The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 3. Advice; counsel ° EX-HORT' A-TIVE (egz-;, a. Containing exhortation EX-HORTA-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; ani- mated to a laudable course of conduct; advised. EX-HORT'ER, n. One who exports or encourages. EX-HORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words oi arguments ; encouraging ; counseling. EX-Hu'Ma-TED, a. Disinterred. EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1 The digging u of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse 2 The digging up of any thing buried. EX-HDME', v. t. [L. ex and humus.] To disinter. EX-H0MJED', pp. Disinterred. EX-HuMING, ppr. Disinterring. IS?-l™bN.}^ Ex3IC - TH - EX'I-GENCE, In. [L. exigens.] 1. Urgent need or want EX'I-GEN-CY, > 2. Pressing necessity ; any case which de- mands immediate action, supply, or remedy. — Syn. De- mand ; urgency ; distress ; pressure ; emergency ; ne- cessity. EX'I-GENT, n. 1. Pressing business ; occasion that calls for immediate help ; [not used.] — 2. In la?o, a writ which lie9 where the defendant is not to be found, or after a return of non est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; extremity —Shak. ; [obs.] EX'I-dENT, a. Pressing; requiring immediate aid or ac- tion. — Burke. EX'I-GtENT-ER, n. An-officer in the court of common pleas in England, who makes out exigents and proclamations in cases of outlawry. EX'I-GLBLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable. EX-I-Gu'I-TY, n. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slenderness.- Boyle. [Little used.] EX-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exiguus.] Small ; slender ; minute ; diminutive. — Harvey. [Little used.] EXILE, n. [L. exilium, exul] 1. The state of being ex. pelled from one's country or place of residence. 2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a foreigr country for residence, called voluntary exile. 3. The per- son banished or separated from his country. — Syn. Ban- ishment ; proscription ; expulsion. EX'ILE (eks-ile), v. t. 1. To banish from a country or home ; to drive away, expel, or transport from one's coun- try. 2. To drive from one's country by misfortune, ne- cessity, or distress. — To exile one's self, is to abandon one'a country never to return. EX-lLE', a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine. EX'lL EI) (ekslld), pp. or a. Banished ; expelled from one's country by authority. EX'lLE-MENT, n. Banishment. EX IL-ING, ppr. Banishing ; expelling from one's country, departing from one's country. EX-I-Li'TION (eks-e-lish'un), n. [L. exilio.] A sudden springing or leaping out. — Brown. [Little used.] EX-IL'I-TY, n. [L. exilitas.] Slenderness; thinness. EX-IM'I-OUS, a. [L. eximius.] Excellent. [Little used.] t EX-IN'A-NlTE, v. fe [L. exinanio.] To make empty ; to weaken. EX-IN-A-Ni"T10N, n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying cr evac uation ; hence, privation ; loss ; destitution. [Rare.] EX-1ST' (egz-isf), v. i. [L. existo.] 1. To be ; to have an es- sence or real being. 2. To live ; to have life or animation. 3. To remain ; to endure ; to continue in being. EX-IST'ENCE, n. 1. The state of being or having essence. 2. Life ; animation. 3. Continued being ; duration ; con- tinuation. EX-IST'ENT, a. Being ; having being or existence. t EX-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence— ftp. Barlow. t EX-IS-TI-Ma'TION, n. [L. existimatio.] Opinion ; esteem. EX-IST'ING, ppr. or a. Having existence, being, or life. EX'IT, n. [L. ; the 3d person of exeo.] 1. The departure ol a player from the stage. 2. Any departure ; the act oi quitting the stage of action or of hfe ; death ; decease. 3. A way of departure ; passage out of a place. 4. A going out ; departure. EX-I"TIAL (egz-ish'al), ? a. [L. exitialis.] Destructive to EX-I"TIOUS (egz-ish'ous), 5 hfe. — Homilies. EX ME'RO MO'TU. [L.] Of mere good pleasure ; a phrase occurring in grants, charters, &c. EX NE- CES-SI- T3 TE. [ L . ] Of necessity. EX'ODE, n. [Gr. z\o5iov.] In the Greek drama, the conclud- ing part of a plav. EX'O-DUS, \n. [Gr. eloiog.] 1. Departure from a place, EX'O-DY, 5 particularly, the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2. The second book of the Old Testament. EX-OF-FI"CIAL (-of-fish'al), a. Proceeding from office or authority. EX OF-FJ"CI-0 (eks-of-fish'e-o). [L.] By virtue o office, and without special authority. EX'0-(JEN, n. [Gr. el and ytvog.] In botany a plant whose stem is formed by successive additions to the outside al the wood. — Lindley. EX-06'EN-OUS, a. Growing by success! re additions to the outside of the wood. — Lindley. EX'O-GLOSS, n. [Gr. ei>o and yAowua.] A gem:s of fishes. * See Synopsis A, E. I &c, lang.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE. BiR/. ;--Mn V 2, h C)QK. EXP 379 EXP EX-0 LETF.', a. [L. exoletus.] Worn ; faded ; obsolete ; [ra? e.\ tEX-O-Lu'TION, n. Laxation of the nerves.— Brown. fEX-OLVE', v. t. To loose. EX-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. <;£ and oix.] 1. To ad- jure by some holy name ; but chiefly, to expel evil spir- its by conjurations, prayers, and ceremonies. 2. To pu- rify from unclean spirits by adjurations and ceremonies ; to deliver from the influence of malignant spirits or de- mons. EX'OR-ClS^D (eks'or-sizd), pp. Expelled from a person or place by conjurations and prayers ; freed from demons in like manner. EX'OR-ClS-ER, n. One who pretends to cast out evil spir- its by adjurations and conjuration. EX'OR-ClS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and ceremonies. EX'OR-CISM, n. [L. exorcismus.] The expulsion of evil spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and ceremonies. EX'OR-CIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers, and ceremonies. EX-OR'DI-AL (egz-), a. Pertaining to the exordium. EX-OR'DI-UM, n.; pi. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the beginning ; the introductory part of a discourse ; the pref- ace or proemial part of a composition. EX-OR-Na'TION, n. [L. exornatio.] Ornament ; decora- tion ; embellishment. — Hooker. EX-O-RHl'ZiE, n. pi. [Gr. s\ and pi^a.] In botany, plants whose radicle elongates downward, directly from the base of the embryo. — Lindley. EX-O-RHi'ZOUS, a. Pertaining to the exorrhizsB. EX-ORT'lVE, a. [L. exortivus.] Rising; relating to the east. EX'OS-MoSE, n. [Gr. el and wajjios, impulsion.] The pass- age outward of gases, vapors, or liquids through porous media. — Brande. EX-OS'Sa-TED, a. Deprived of bones. EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and ossa.] Without bones ; des- titute of bones. EX'OS-ToME, n. [Gr. c\u and arofia.'] The small aperture or foramen of the ovule of a plant. — Beck. EX-OS-To'SIS, n. [Gr. £ * and ooteov.) Any protuberance of a bone that is not natural. — Also, in botany, a disease in which knots are formed on or in the wood. EX-O-TER'IG, ?a. [Gr. zlurzpos.] External; public; op- CX-O-TEE IG-AL, 5 posed to esoteric or secret. The exo- teric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those which were openly professed and taught. KXO-TER-Y, n. What is obvious or common. fcJX-OTIC. a. [Gr. c\wtikoS .] Foreign ; introduced from a x>rei. tent ; a wide extent of space or body. EX-PANS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded : capacity of extension in surface or bulk. EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] Capable of being expanded W spread ; capable of being extended, dilated, or diffused. EX-PANS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Expansibility. EX-PANS'I-BLY, adv. In an expansible manner. EX-PANS'lLE, a. Capable of being expanded. EX-PAN'SION, n. [L. expansio.] 1. The act of expanding 2. The state of being expanded ; the enlargement of sur- face or bulk, as by heat ; dilatation. 3. Extent ; space to which any thing is enlarged ; also, pure space or distance between remote bodies. 4. Enlargement. — 5. In commerce., an increase in the circulation of bank-notes. EX-PAN'SION-GURB, n. A contrivance to counteract eX' pansion and contraction by heat, as in chronometers. EX-PANS'lVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Having the power to expand, to spread, or to dilate. 2. Having the capacity of being ex- panded. 3. Widely extended. EX-PANS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive. EX PARTE. [L.] On one part ; as, exparte evidence, that which is brought forward by one side only ; an ex parte council, one which assembles at the request of only one of the parties in dispute. EX-Pa'TIaTE, v. i. [L. expatior.] 1. To move at large ; to rove without prescribed limits ; to wander in space with- out restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing ; to be copious in argument or discussion. EX-Pa'TIa-TING, ppr. Roving at large; enlarging in dis- course or writing. EX-Pa-TI-a'TION, n. Act of expatiating. EX-Pa'TIa-TOR, n. One who amplifies in language. EX-Pa'TIA-TO-RY, a. Expatiating. EX-Pa'TRI-aTE or EX-PAT'RI-aTE, v. t. [Fr. expatrier.] In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one's self, is to quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and allegiance in that country. EX-Pa'TRI-a-TED or EX-PATRI-I-TED, pp. Banished, removed from one's native country, with renunciation of citizenship and allegiance. EX-Pa'TRI-a-TING or EX-PAT'RI-a-TING, ppr Banish- ing ; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of al- legiance. EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION or EX-PAT-RI-I'TION, n. Banishment More generally, the forsaking of one's own country, with a renunciation of allegiance. EX-PEGT', v. t. [L. expecto.) 1. To wait for. 2. To look for ; to have a previous apprehension of something future whether good or evil ; to entertain at least a slight belief that an event will happen. 3. To require or demand ; as, payment will be expected when the note falls due. [It & a vulgar and gross error to use this word in speaking of the past ; as, I expect the mail has arrived.] t EX-PEGT, v. i. To wait; to stay.— Sandys. EX-PEGT' A-BLE, a. That may be expected. EX-PEGT' ANCE, ) n. 1. The act or state of expecting ; ex- EX-PEGT'AN-CY, 5 pectation. 3. Something expected. 3. Hope. EX-PEGTAN-CY, n. In law, a state of waiting or suspen- sion. — An estate in expectancy is one which commences after the termination of another estate. EX-PEGT'ANT, a. 1. Waiting ; looking for.— Swift. 2. An expectant estate is one which is suspended till the deter- mination of a particular estate. EX-PEGT'ANT, n. One who expects ; one who waits in expectation ; one held in dependence by his belief or hope of receiving some good. EX-PEGT-ITION, n. [L. expectation 1. The act of expect- ing or looking forward to a future event with at least some reason to believe the event will happen. Expectation dif- fers from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some reasons which render the event probable. Hope is directed to some good ; expectation is directed to good or evil. 2. The state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3. Prospect of good to come. 4. The object of expectation ; the ex- pected Messiah. 5. A state or qualities in a person which excite expectations in others of some future excellence. — 6. In Chances, the value of any prospect of prize or prop- erty which depends on the happening of some uncertain event. — Expectation of life, in annuities, the mean or aver* age duration of human life after a specified age. — Syn. An- ticipation ; confidence ; trust. K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; W. an to this, t Obsolete. EXP 380 EXP tEX-PECI 'a-TI E n. That which is expected. tEX-PE€TA-Tl'/E. a. Expecting. — Coigrave. EX-PECT'ER, n. One who expects; one who waits for something or for another person.— Swift. EX-PECT'ING, ppr. Waiting or looking for the arrival of. EX-PECT'ING-LY, adv. In a state of expectation. EX-PE€TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting discharges from the lungs. £X-PE€T O-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis- charges from_ the lungs. EX-PE€TO-RaTE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the trachea or lungs ; to discharge phlegm, &c, by coughing. EX-PECTO-Rl-TED, pp. or a. Discharged from the lungs. P,X-PE€TO-RI-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs. EX-PE€-TO-Ri'TION, n. The act of discharging phlegm or mucus from the lungs, by coughing ; also, the matter thus discharged. EX-PEGTO-RA-Tf VE, a. Having the quality of promoting expectoration. E± PE'DE HER£U-LEM. [L.] From the remaining foot of Hercules' statue, learn the size of his entire person ; from a partial exhibition, learn the full extent of a man's powers. t EX-PfvDI-ITE, v. t. To expedite. EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, In. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect EX-PeDI-EN-CY, j some good end, or the purpose in- tended; propriety under the particular circumstances of a case ; advantage ; usefulness. 2. Expedition ; adven- ture ; [obs.] 3. Expedition ; haste ; dispatch ; [obs.] EX-PE'DI-ENT (eks-pe'de-ent), a. [L. expediens.] 1. Tend- ing to promote the object proposed: fit or suitable for the purpose ; proper under the circumstances. 2. Use- ful ; profitable ; advantageous. 3. Quick ; expeditious ; [obsj EX-PE'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad- vance ; any means which may be employed to accomplish an end. 2. Means devised or employed in an exigency. — Svn. Shift : contrivance ; resort ; substitute. EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly; suitably; conveniently. 2. Hastily; quickly; [obs.] EX-PED'I-TXTE, v. t. [L. ex andjpes.] In the forest laws of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet, for the preservation of the king's game. EX-PED-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of" cutting out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet. EX'PE-DlTE, v. t. [L. expedio.] 1. To hasten ; to quicken ; to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy. EX'PE-DlTE, a. [L. expeditus.] 1. Quick; speedy; expe- ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ; ready; prompt. 4. Light-armed; [obs.] EXTE-DlT-ED, pp. Facilitated : freed from impediment. EX'PE-DlTE-LY, adv. Readily; hastily; speedily ; promptly. EXTE-DlT-ING, ppr. Facilitating ; hastening. EX-PE-DI"TION (eks-pe-dish'un), n. [L. expeditio.] 1. Haste ; speed; quickness ; .dispatch. 2. The march of an army, or the voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hos- tile purposes. 3. Any enterprise, undertaking, or attempt by a number of persons ; or the collective body which undertakes. EX-PE-DI TION-A-RY, a. Consisting in an expedition. EX-PE-Dl"TIOUS (eks-pe-dish'us), a. 1. Quick; hasty; speedy ; prompt 2. Nimble ; active ; swift ; acting with celerity. EX-PE-Dl"TIOUS-LY, adv. Speedily ; hastily ; with celeri- ty or dispatch. EX-PED'1-TiVE, a. Performing with speed.— Bacon. EX-PEL', v. t. [L. expello.] 1. To drive or force out from any inclosed place. 2. To drive out; to force to leave. 3. To eject ; to throw out. 4. To banish ; to exile. 5. To reject ; to refuse. 6. To exclude ; to keep out or off. — 7. In college government, to command to leave ; to dissolve the connection of a student. EX-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out EX-PEL L£D' (eks-peld'), pp. or a. Driven out or away; forced to leave ; banished ; exiled ; excluded. EX-PELLER, n. He or that which drives out or away. EX-PEL LING, ppr. Driving out ; forcing away ; compelling to quit or depart; banishing; excluding. D', v. t. [L. expendo.] To lay out ; to disburse ; to ieliver or distribute, either in payment or in spend; to deli donations. 2. To lay out; to use, to employ; t con- sume; as time or labor. 3. To use and consume. 4. To consume ; to dissipate ; to waste. tfX-PEND', v. i. To be laid out used or consumed. EX-PEND'ED, pp. Laid out; spent; disbu.-ned; used. EX-PEND'ING, ppr. Spending; using; employing EX-PEND'I-TURE, n. 1. The act of expending fa laying out, as of money; disbursement— Price. 2. Money ex- pended; expense. EX-PENSE' (eks-pens"), n. |L. expensum.] 1. A laying out or expending ; the disbursing of money, or the employ- ment and consumption, as of time or labor. 2. Money expended; cost; charge; price; that which is disbursed in payment or in charity. 3. That which is used, employ- ed, laid out or consumed. EX-PENSE'FUL, a. Costly ; expensive. [Rare.] t EX-PENSE'FUL-LY, adv. In a costly manner.— Weever. EX-PENS E'LESS (eks-pens1e3), a. Without expense. EX-PENS'fVE, a. 1. Costly: dear; requiring much ex- pense. 2. Given to expense ; free in the use of money ; extravagant ; lavish. 3. Liberal ; generous ; as, an ex pensive, indefatigable goodness ; [rare.] EX-PENS'lVE-LY, adv. With great expense ; at great cost or charge. — Swift. EX-PENSTVE-NESS, n. 1. Costliness; the quality of in- curring or requiring great expenditures of money. 2. Ad- dictedness to expense ; extravagance. EX-PE'RI-ENCE, n. [L. experiential 1. Trial, or a series of trials or experiments; active effort or attempt to do or to prove something, or repeated efforts. A single trial is usually denominated an experiment ; experience may be a series of trials, or the result of such trials. 2. Observation of a fact or of the same facts or events happening under like circumstances. 3. Trial from suffering or enjoyment; suffering itself; the use of the senses. 4. Knowledge de- rived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of obser va- tions. — Syn. Trial; proof; test; experiment. EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, v. t. 1. To try by use, by suffering, or by enjoyment 2. To know by practice or trial; "to gain knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observa- tions. EX-Pe'RI-ENCED (eks-pe're-enst), pp. 1. Tried; used; practiced. 2. a. Taught by practice or by repeated ob- servations ; skillful or wise by means of trials, use, or ob- servation. EX-PeTU-EN-CER, n. One who makes trials or experi- ments. EX-PE'RI-EN-CLNG,£pr. Making trial; suffering or enjoying. EX-Pe'RI-ENT, a. Having experience. — Beaumont, and Fletcher. EX-PER'I-MENT, n. [L. experimentum.] A trial ; an act or operation designed to discover some unknown truth, prin- ciple, or effect or to establish it when discovered. EX-PER1-MENT, v. i. 1. To make trial ; to make an exper- iment ; to operate on a body in such a manner as to dis- cover some unknown fact, or to establish it when known. 2. To try ; to search by trial. 3. To experience ; [obs.] EX-PER'I-MENT, v. t. To try ; to know by trial. EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to experiment. 2, Known by experiment or trial; derived from experiment 3. Built on experiments ; founded on trial and observa- tions, or on a series of results, the effects of operations. 4. Taught by experience ; having personal experience ; as. experimental Christians. 5. Known by experience ; de- rived from experience ; as, experimental religion. EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-IST, n. One who makes experiments. EX-PER-I-MENTAL-LY, adv. 1. By experiment ; by trial ; by operation and observation of results. 2. By experi- ence ; by suffering or enjoyment. EX-PER-I-MENT'A-TlVE, a. Experimental. EX-PER'I-MENT-ED, pp. Tried ; searched out by trial. EX-PER'I-MENT-ER, n. One who makes experiments; one skilled in experiments. EX-PER'I-MENT-ING, ppr. Making experiments or trials. EX-PER'I-MENT-IST, n. One who makes experiments. — Good. [This is more analogical than experimentalist.} EX-PER-I-MEN'TUM €RU'CIS. [L.] Experiment of 'the cross ; a test of the severest and most searching nature ; a decisive experiment EX-PERT, a. [L. expertus.] 1. Properly, experienced , taught by use, practice, or experience ; hence, skillful , well instructed; having familiar knowledge of. 2. Dex- trous ; adroit ; ready ; prompt ; clever ; having a facility of operation or performance from practice. t EX-PERT, v. t. To experience.— Spenser. EX-PERT, n. An expert person.— Ed. Rev. EX-PERTLY, adv. In a skillful or dextrous manner ; adroit- ly ; with readiness and accuracy. EX-PERTNESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readi- ness ; dexterity ; adroitness ; cleverness ; tact. t EX-PETI-BLE, a. [L. expetibilis.] That may be wished for; desirable. EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [L. expiabilis.] That may be expiated; that may be atoned for and done away. EX'PI-ITE, v. t. [L. expio.) 1. To atone for; to wi&s satisfaction for ; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by sub- sequent acts of piety or worship, by which the obligation to punish the crime is canceled. 2. To make t eparatior. for ; as, to expiate an injury. 3. To avert the threats oi prodigies. EX'PI-a-TED, pp. Atoned for ; done away by satisfaction offered and accepted. EXTI-a-TTNG, ppr. Making atonement or satisfaction for : destroying or removing guilt and canceling th.i (bdgatioo to punish. See Synopsis I. E, I, a. Serving to unfold or explain , tend- EXTLICA-TO-RY, > ing to lay open to the understanding. EX'PLL€a-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains. SX-PLIC'IT (eks-plis'it), a. [L. explicitus.] Literally, un- foldid. Hence, plain in language ; clear, not obscure or ambiguous; express, not merely implied; open; unre- served ; definite ; having no disguised meaning or reser- Tation. t EX'FLIC-IT. [L.] A word found at the conclusion of ot» old books, signifying the end, as we now UBeftnib. EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly ; expressly ; without duplicity without disguise or reservation of meaning. EX-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language or expression , clearness ; direct expression. EX-PLoDE', v. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with sud- den violence ; to burst and expand with force and a vio lent report. EX-PLoDE', v. t. 1. To decry or reject with noise ; to ex press disapprobation of, with noise or marks of contempt 2. To reject with any marks of disapprobation or disdain to treat with contempt, and drive from notice; to driv& into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to reject ; to cry down. 3. To drive out with violence and noise. EX-PLoD'ED, pp. or a. Driven away by hisses or noise , rejected ; condemned ; cried down ; burst violently. EX-PLoD'ER n. One who explodes or rejects. EX-PLoD'ING, ppr. Bursting and expanding with force and a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning. EX-PLOIT, n. [Fr. exploit.} 1. A deed or act ; more espe- cially, a heroic act ; a deed of renown ; a great or nobla feat or achievement. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in use.] — 2. In a ludicrous sense, a Great act of wickednesa t EX-PLOIT, v. t. To achieve.— Camden. t EX-PLo'RaTE, v. t. To explore. See Explore. EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ; strict or careful examination. EX'PLO-Ra-TOR, n. One who explores. EX-PL OR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining. EX-PLoRE', v. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making dis- covery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the eye. 2. To search by any means ; to try, as the sea with a plummet. 3. To search or pry into ; to scrutinize , to inquire with care ; to examine closely with a view to dis- cover truth. EX-PLoR-ED' (eks-plord'), pp. or a. Searched ; viewed ; ex- amined closely. EX-PLoRE'MENT, n. Search ; trial. [Little used.] EX-PLoR'ER, n. One who explores. EX-PLoRTNG, ppr. or a. Searching ; viewing ; examining, EX-PLo'SION (eks-plo'zhun), n. 1. A bursting with noise , a bursting or sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a loud report. 2. The discharge of a piece of ordnance. 3. The sudden burst of sound, in a volcano, «fec. EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence »nd noise ; causing explosion. EX-PLo'SlVE-LY, adv. In an explosive manner. EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. expoliatio.] A spoiling ; a wastirg. See Spoliation. t EX-POLISH, for polish ; [a useless word.] EX-Po'NENT, n. [L. exponens.) 1. In algebra, the exponent or index of a power is the number or letter which, placed above a quantity at the right hand, denotes how often that quantity is repeated as a factor to produce the power. A fractional exponent is used to denote the /~JOt of a quantity. — 2. Exponent of a ratio, a term or phr&se sometimes used to denote the quotient arising when the antecedent is di- vided by the consequent Some mathematicians consider logarithms as the exponents of ratios. — 3. Figuratively, one who stands as an index or representative ; as, the leader of a party is the exponent of its principles. EX-PO-NEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to exponents. — Exponential quantity, in algebra, one whose exponent is unknown or variable. — Exponential equation, one which contains an ex- ponential quantity. — Exponential curve, one whose natuie is defined by means of an exponential equation. — Hulton. EX-PoRT, v. t. [L. exporto.] To carry out ; to convey or transport, in traffic, produce and goods from one country to another. EX'PoRT, n. A commodity actually conveyed from one country or state to another in traffic, or a commodity which may be exported. EX'PoRT-TRIDE, n. The trade which consists in the ex- portation of commodities. EX-P5RTA-BLE, a. That may be exported. EX-PoR-Ta'T LON, n. 1. The act of exporting; the act of conveying goods and productions from one country ot state to another. 2. The act of carrying out. EX-?oRTED,#p. or a. Carried out of a country or state in traffic. EX-PoRTER, n. The person who exports. EX-PoRTTNG, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country. t EX-PoS'AL, n. Exposure.— Swift. EX-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to pub- he view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from conceal- ment, as secret councils. 2. To make bare ; to uncover ; to remove from any thing that which guards or protects, as the body or chest. 3. To remove from shelter; to place in a situation to be affected or acted on. 4. To lay open to attack, by any means, as a fortress. 5. To make liable ; to subject. 6. To put in the powei of. 7. To lay DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. EXP 382 EXS 'ipon to census, ridicule, or contempt. 8. To lay open, in almost any Manner. 9. To put in danger. 10. To cast out to chance , to place abroad, or in a situation unpro- tected. 11 To lay open ; to make public. 12. To offer ; to place in a situation to invite purchasers. 13. To offer to inspection. EX-POSE' (ex-po-za'), n. [Fr.] A laying open; a formal recital, statement, or exposition. EX-PoSED' (ex-pozd'), pp. or a. Laid open; laid bare ; un- covered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack : offered for sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed; open to attack, or unprotected. — Edwards. EX-PoS'ER, n. One who exposes. EX-P5STNG, ppr. Lying or laying open ; making bare ; putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale. fiX-PO-ST "TION (eks-po-zish'un), n. 1. A laying open ; a setting to public view. 2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in which a free passage to it is open. 3. Ex- planation : interpretation. 4. A work containing explana- tions or interpretations. EX-POS'I-Tf VE, a. Explanatory ; laying open. EX-POS'I-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who expounds or explains ; an interpreter. 2. A book which expounds and ex- plains. EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate. EX POST FA-&TO. [L.] In law, done after another thing. — An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in declar- ing an act penal or criminal which was innocent when done. — An ex post facto law is one that renders an act pun- ishable in a manner in which it was not punishable at the time it was committed. — Cranch. EX-POSTU-LITE (-posfyu-late), v. i. [L. expostulo.] To reason earnestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct. — Syn. To remonstrate ; reason. t EX-POS'TU-LITE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine. EX-POSTU-La-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging arguments against any improper conduct. EX-FOS-TU-LaTION, n. 1. Reasoning with a person in opposition to his conduct; remonstrance. — 2. In rhetoric, an address containing expostulation. EX-POS'TU-Ll-TOR. n. One who expostulates. EX-POSTU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation. EX-Po'SURE (eks-po'zhur), n. 1. The act of exposing or laying open. 2. The state of being laid open to view, to danger, or to any inconvenience. 3. The situation of a place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of air and light. EX-POUNr/, v. t. [L. expono.] 1. To lay open the meaning ; tc clear of obscurity. 2. To lay open ; to examine ; [obs.] — Syn. To explain ; interpret ; unfold. EX-POUND'ED,£p. Explained; interpreted. EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets. EX-POUNDING, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making clear to the understanding ; interpreting. EX-PRESS', v. t. [Sp. expresar.] 1. To press or squeeze out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To set forth in words ; to speak. 3. • To write or engrave ; to represent in writ- ten words or language. 4. To represent; to exhibit by copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by imita- tion or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. 6. To show or make known ; to indicate, as one's wishes. 7. To de- note ; to designate ; as, expressed by name. 8. To extort ; to elicit. — Syn. To declare; utter; signify; testify; in- timate. EX-PE.ESS', a. 1. Plain ; clear ; expressed ; direct ; not ambiguous. 2. Given in direct terms ; not implied or left to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur- pose, or on a particular errand. EX-PRESS', n. 1. A messenger or vehicle sent on a par- ticular occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A direct declara- tion ; [obs.] 4. A regular conveyance for packages, &c. EX-PRESS.ED' (eks-presf), pp. or a. Squeezed or forced out, as juice or liquor; uttered in words; set down in writingor letters ; declared ; represented ; shown. EX-PRESS1-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may be uttered, declared, shown, or represented. 2. That may be squeezed out. EX-PRESSING, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering ; declaring; showing; representing. EX-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of expressing; the act of forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declaring, or representing ; utterance ; declaration ; representation 3. A phrase or mode of speech. — 4. In rhetoric, elocution ; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suited to the eubject and sentiment. — 5. In painting and sculpture, a natural and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In music, the tone, grace, or modulation of voice or sound suited to any particular subject ; that manner which gives life and reality to ideas and sentiments.— 7. Theatrical ex- pression is a distinct, sonorous, and pleasing pronunciation, accompanied with action suited to the subject. — 8. In al- gebra, the representation of any quantity by its appropri- ate characters or signs. EX-PRES'SION-LESS, a. Destitute of expression. EX-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Serving to express ; serving to uttei or represent 2. Representing with force ; significant emphatical. 3. Showing ; representing. EX-PRESS'iVE-LY, adv. In an expressive manner ; clear ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. EX-PRESS'IVE-NESS, %, 1. The quality of being express- ive ; the power of expression or representation by words. 2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind. EX-PRES-S'l'VO (ex-pres-se'vo). [It] With expression. EX-PRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly. t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The state of being express. EX-PRESS'URE (eks-presh'ur), n. Expression ; utterance , representation ; mark ; impression. [Little used.] * EX'PRO-BRaTE, v. t. (L. exprobro.] To upbraid ; to cen- sure as reproachful ; to blame ; to condemn. EX-PRO-BRa'TION, n. The act of charging or censuring reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up- braiding. EX-PRo'BRA-TlVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach. EX PRO-FES SO. [L.] Professedly; by profession. EX-PRo'PRI-ITE, v. t. [L. ex and proprius.] To disengage from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one's own ; to give up a claim to exclusive property. EX-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. The act of discarding appropria- tion^ or declining to hold as one's own. EX-PuGN' (eks-pune'), v. t. [L. expugno.] To conquer ; to take by assault. — Johnson. EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced. EX-PUG-Na'TION, n. Conquest; the act of taking by as- sault. EX-PuGN'ER (eks-piin'er), n. One who subdues. EX-PULSE' (eks-puis'), v. t. [Fr. expulser.] To drive out ; to expel. — Shak. r Little used.] t EX-PULS'ER, n. An expeller.— Cotgrave. EX-PUL'SION, n. 1. The act of driving out or expel'ing ; a driving away by violence. 2. The state of being driven out or away. EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out oe away; serving to expel. — Wiseman. EX-PUNG'TION, n. The act of expunging ; the act of bl ac- ting out or erasing. — Milton. EX-PUNgE' (eks-punj'), v. t. [L. expungo.] 1. To blot oat, as with a pen ; to rub out as words. — 2. Figuratively, to do away or wipe out ; as, " to expunge the offense." San- dys. — Syn. To efface ; erase ; obliterate ; strike out ; de- stroy; annihilate. EX-PUNa£D' (eks-punjd), pp. Blotted out; obliterated ; destroyed. EX-PUNG'ING, ppr. or a. Blotting out ; erasing ; effacing. EX-PUNG'ING, n. The act of blotting out or destroying. EX-PUR'GaTE or EX'PUR-GaTE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To purge ; to cleanse ; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive, or erroneous. EX-PUR'Ga-TED or EX'PUR-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Purged ; cleansed ; purified. EX-PUR'GI-TING or EX'PUR-GI-TING, ppr. Purging; cleansing ; purifying. EX-PUR-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of purging or cleansing , evacuation. 2. A cleansing ; purification. EX'PUR-Ga-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies. t EX-PUR-GA-To'RI-OUS, a. That expurgates or expunges. EX-PUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Cleansing ; purifying ; serving to purify from any tiling noxious or erroneous. t EX-PURgE' (eks-purj 7 ), v. t. [L. expurgo.] To purge away. —Milton. t EX-QUlRE', v. t. [L. exquiro.] To search into or out EX'QUI-SI TE, a. [L. exquisitus.] Literally, sought out with care ; whence, choice ; select. Hence, 1. Highly finished or perfected ; very excellent or complete ; as, exquisite workmanship. 2. Capable of great delicacy of percep- tion ; as, exquisite sensibility. 3. Capable of great ninety of discrimination, as last 4. Existing in the highest de- gree, as pain or pleasure. 5. Very sensibly felt ; as, exqui- site impressions. Cheyne. — Syn. Nice ; delicate ; exact ; accurate ; refined ; extreme ; matchless ; consummate ; perfect. EX'QJJI-SlTE, n. One dressed with extreme care ; a fop. EX'QUI-SfTE-LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; accurately ; with great perfection 2. With keen sensation or with nice perc^i* tion. EX'OUI-SiTE-NESS, n. 1. Nicety ; exactness ; accuracy completeness ; perfection. 2. Keenness ; sharpness ; ox tremitv. t EX-QUIST-TTVE, a. Curious ; eager to discover. t EX-QUlSI-TlVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely. EX-SAN"GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsanguis.] Destitute of b'r-trft See Synopsis. A, E, T, &c, long.—&, E I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— XVJE, BQ^C, EXT 383 EXT or, rather, of red blood. [Exsanguineous and ezsanguinous are also sometimes used.] EXSCIND' (eks-sind'), w. t. [L. exscindo.] To cut off. EX-SCIND'ED, pp. Cut off. EX-SCIND'ING, ppr. Cutting off. \ EX-S€RiBE\ v. t. [L. exscribo.) To copy ; to transcribe, f EX-SCRIPT, n. A copy; a transcript. EX-SECTION, n. [L. ezsectio.] A cutting off. EX-SERT, I a. [L. exsero.) Standing out ; projecting EX-SERT'ED, 5 beyond something else. EX-SERT'3£LE, a. That may be thrust out. EX-SIC'CANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having the quality of drying. * EX-SICCI.TE or EX'SIC-CITE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. — Brown. *EX-SI€'€a-TED or EX'SIC-CI-TED, pp. or a. Dried. * EX-SIC'C a-TING or EX'SIC-€ A-TING, ppr. or a. Drying ; evaporating moisture. EX-SIC-Cl'TION, n. The act or operation of drying ; evap- oration of moisture ; dryness. — Brown. EX-SIC'CA-TlVE, a. Tending to make dry. EX-SPU-i"TION (-ish'un), n. [L. expuo.] A discharge of sal- iva by spitting. EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botany, having no stipules. EX-SUC'€OUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Destitute of juice; dry.— Brown. EX-SUCTION, n. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out— Boyle. EX-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] 1. A sweating ; a discharge of humors or moisture from animal bodies. 2. The dis- charge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, &c. [This orthography would be preferable, but exuda- tion is most common.] EX-SUF-FLa'TION, n. [L. ex and sufflo.] 1. A blowing or blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism. tEX-SUF'FO-LATE, a. Contemptible.— Shah. t EX-SUS'CI-TaTE, v. t. [L. exsuscito.] To rouse ; to excite. f EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A stirring up ; a rousing. (• EX'TANCE, n. [L. extans.] Outward existence. EX'TAN-CY, n. [L. exstans.] 1. The state of rising above others. 2. Parts rising above the rest. — Boyle; [little used.] EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans.] 1. Standing out or above any surface ; protruded. 2. In being ; now subsisting ; not suppressed, destroyed or lost, as books or writings. EX-TATTC S ^ ee ^ CSTASY ' Ecstatic. EX-TEM'PO-RAL, a. [L. extemporalis.] 1. Made or uttered at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking with- out premeditation. [Instead of this word, extemporaneous and extemporary are now used.] EX-TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without premeditation. t EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-AN. See Extemporaneous. EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. extemporaneus. ] Com- posed, performed, or uttered at the time the subject oc- curs, without previous study ; unpremeditated. EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Without previous study. EX-TEM-PO-RI'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being unpremeditated. EX-TEMTO-RA-RI-LY, adv. Without previous study. EX-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ex and temporarius.] Composed, performed, or uttered without previous study or prep- aration. EX-TEM'PO-RE (ex-tem'po-ry), adv. [L.] 1. Without pre vious study or meditation ; without preparation ; sudden- ly. 2. It is used as an adjective improperly, or at least without necessity, for extemporaneous. EX-TEM'PO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi- tated ; the state of being composed, performed, or uttered without previous study. EX-TEM'PO-RlZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak without previous study or preparation. 2. To discourse without notes or written composition. EX-TEM'PO-RTZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previ- ous study, or_without written composition. EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ING, ppr. or a. Speaking without previous study, or preparation by writing. EX-TEND', v. t. [L. extendo.] 1. To stretch in any direc- tion ; to carry forward, or continue in length, as a line ; to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To stretch forth ; to reach out, as the hand. — 3. Figuratively, to spread forth on every side ; as, to extend trade. 4. To continue ; to prolong ; a3, to extend the time of payment. 5. To communicate ; to bestow on ; to use or exercise toward, as kindness. 6. To impart; to yield or give, as relief. — 7. In law, to value lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt ; or to levy on lands, as an execu- tion. — Syn. To enlarge; expand; widen; diffuse. EX-TEND', v. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in length or breadtb. EX-TEN D'ED, pp. or a. Stretched ; spread ; expanded ; enlarged ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied. EX-TEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches. EX-TENDT-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. EX- TENDING, ppr. Stretching ; reaching ; continuing in length; spreading; enlarging; valuing. t EX-TEND'LESS NESS, n. Unlimited extension. EX-TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being extended, or of suffering extension. EX-TENS'I-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible of enlargement. EX-TENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Extensibility. EX-TENS'lLE, a. Capable of being extended. EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending; a stretching. 2. The state of being extended ; enlarge- ment in breadth, or continuation of length.— 3. In philoso- phy, that property of a body by which it occupies a por- tion of space. — 4. In mercantile language, an extension is a written engagement on the part of creditors, allowing a debtor further time for the payment of his debts. t EX-TEN'SION-AL, a. Having great extent.— More. EX-TENS'lVE, a. 1. Wide ; large ; comprehensive ; having great enlargement or extent. 2. That may be extended , [obs.] EX-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent. EX-TENS'lVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness ; extent. 2. Extent ; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extended. — Ray. EX-TENS'OR, n. [L.] In anatomy, a muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body. EX-TENT', a. Extended.— Spenser. EX-TENT, n. [L. extentus.] I. Space or degree to which a thing i3 extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length. 3. Communication ; distribution. — 4. In law, a writ of ex- ecution, or extendi facias, against the body, lands, and goods, or the lands only, of a debtor ; also, the act of the sheriff or officer upon the writ. EX-TEN'U-aTE, v. t. [L. extemio.] 1. To make thin, lean, or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime or guilt 3. To lessen in representation; to palliate; [opposed to aggravate.] 4. To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To make thin or rare ; [opnosed to condense.] t EX-TEN'U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender. EX-TEN-U-a-TED, pp. Made thin, lean, or slender ; made smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated. EX-TEN'U- A-TING, ppr. or a. Making thin or slender; lessening ; diminishing ; palliating ; making rare. EX-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin ; the process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh. 2. The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty, or criminal than it is in fact ; palliation. 3. Mitigation ; alle- viation. EX-TENU-A-TOR, n. One who extenuates. EX-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External ; outward ; applied to the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to in- terior. 2. External ; on the outside, with reference to a person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na- tions. EX-TE'RI-OR, n. 1. The outward surface ; that which is external. 2. Outward or visible deportment ; appearance. t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Surface ; superficies. EX-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Outwardly ; externally. EX-Te'RI-ORS, n. pi. 1. The outward paits of a thing. 2- Outward or external deportment, or forms and eeremo nies ; visible acts. EX-TERM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. extermino.] 1. To destroy ut- terly ; to drive away ; to extirpate, as nations. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; to extirpate, as vices. 3. To root out, as plants ; to extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away ; to cause to disappear, as an unknown quantity from an equation. EX-TERM1N-I-TED, pp. or a. Utterly driven away or de- stroyed ; eradicated ; extirpated ; taken away. EX-TERM1N-I-TING, ppr. or a. Driving away, or totally destroying ; eradicating ; extirpating ; taking away. EX-TERM-IN- I'TION, n. 1. The act of exterminating; total expulsion or destruction ; eradication ; extirpation excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away, or causing to dis- appear. EX-TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. He or that which exterminates. EX-TERM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate. t EX-TERM'INE, v. t. To exterminate.— Shak. EX-TERN', a. [L. externus.] 1. External ; not inherent 2. n. A pupil in a seminary who lives without its walls. EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward ; exterior ; as, the external surface of a body ; [opposed to internal.] 2. Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within, as causes or effects. 3. Exterior ; visible ; apparent conduct. 4. For- eign ; relating to or connected with foreign nations. EX-TER-NAL'I-TY, n. External perception.— A. Smith. EX-TERN AL-LY, adv. 1. Outwardly ; on the outside. 2. In appearance ; visibly. EX-TERN' ALS, n. pi. 1. The outward parts ; exterior form. 2._Outward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms. EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. exterraneus.] Foreign ; com* ins from abroad. DAVE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VrCIOUS ;— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; €H as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. EXT 384 EXT EX OT'S ON, n. [L. extersio.] The act of wiping or rub- Tiing out. EX-TILL', v. i. [L. extillo.] To drop or distill from. L'.X-TJL-La'TION, n. The act of falling in drops. EX-TILL ED' (eks-tild'), pp. Distilled ; falling by drops. * EX-TIM'U-LaTE. See Stimulate. EX-TIM-U-I 1'TION. See Stimulation. EX-TINCT a. [L. extinctvs.] 1. Extinguished; put out; quenched 2. Being at an end; having no survivor. 3. Being at ai end ; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by abolition or disuse ; having no force. f EX-TIN-GT, v. t. To put out ; to destroy. [Improper.'] EX-TINGTION, n. [L. eztinctio.] 1. The act of putting out or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being extin- guished, quenched, or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex- cision, as of a race or people. 4. Destruction ; suppres- sion ; a putting an end to, as of hopes. EX-TIN"GU1SH (eks-ting'gwish), v. t. [L. extinguo.] 1. To put out ; to quench ; to suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To de- stroy ; to put an end to, as hopes. 3. To cloud or obscure ty superior splendor, as glory. 4. To put an end to by union or consolidation. See Extinguishment. EX-TIN"GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de- stroyed, or suppressed. EX-TIN"GUISH£D (eks-ting'gwisht), pp. or a. Put out; quenched ; stifled ; suppressed ; destroyed. EX-TIN"GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes. 2. A hollow, conical utensil to be put on a candle or lamp to extinER-aTE, v. i. [L. exubero.] To abound ; to be in great abundance. [Little used.] EX-UC'GOUS. a. Without juice. See Exsuccous. EX-U-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] 1. A sweating; a discharge of humors or moisture from animal bodies. 2. The dis- charge of the juices of a plant moisture from the earth, &c. EX-UDE', v. t. To discharge the moisture or juices of a fly- ing body through the pores ; also, to discharge the liquid matter of a plant by incisions. [Exu'date is not now used.] EX-UDE', v. i. To flow from a living body through tho pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice. EX-UD'ED, pp. Emitted, as juice. EX-UD'ING, ppr. Discharging, as juice. EX-UL'CER-ITE, v. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To caus6 an ulcer. 2. To afflict ; to corrode ; to fret or anger. — Milton. EX-UL'CER-aTE, v. i. To become an ulcer, or ulcerous. EX-UL'CER-ATE, a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged.— Brown. EX-UL'CER-I-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers. EX-UL'CER-a-TING, ppr. Producing ulcers on ; fretting ; becoming ulcerous. EX-UL-CER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of causing ulcers on a body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning - erosion which wears away the substance, and forms an ulcer. 2. A fretting ; exacerbation ; corrosion. EX-UL'CER-A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ulcers. EX-ULT (egz-ult), v. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in triumph to rejoice" exceedingly at success or victory; to be glad above measure ; to triumph. + EXULTANCY \ n ' Exultation. — Hammond. EX-ULT'ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly.— More. EX-ULT-I'TION, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at suc- cess or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great glad- ness ; rapturous delight ; triumph ; transport ; rapture ; ecstasy. EX-ULTING, ppr. or a. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph. EX-ULT'ING-LY, adv. In an exulting manner. f EX-UN'DITE, v. i. Tc overflow. EX-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. exundatio.] An overflowing abund- ance. — Ray. [Little used.] EX-UN"GU-LaT£, v. t. [L. ex and ungula.] To.pare off su- perfluous parts, or nails. EX-UN"GU-L 1-TED, pp. Deprived of nails, &c. EX-UN"GU-La-TING, ppr. Paring off, as nails, &c. EX-UTER-A-BLE, a. That may be overcome or surpassed. EX-U'PER-ANCE, n. Overbalance. EX-UTER-ANT. a. Overcoming. t EX-U'PER-ITE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount EX-U'PER-a-TED, pp. Conqxiered; excelled. EX-UTER-A-TING, ppr. Excelling. EX-U-PER-aTION, n. The act of excelling. t EX-UR'GENT, a. [for exsurgent.] Arising. t EX-US'CI-TaTE, v. t. [L. exsuscito.] To stir up ; to rouse. t EX-UST. v. t. [L. exustus.] To burn. — Cockeram. EX-US'TION (eks-ustyun), n. [L. exustus.] The act or op- eration of burning up. EX-U'VI-A-BLE, a. Capable of being cast or thrown off in the form of exuviae. EX-U'VI-iE, n. pi. [L.] 1. Cast skins, shells, or coverings of animals. — 2. In geology, the fossil shells and other re- mains which animals have left in the strata of the earth.— LyelL EX Vo'TO, n. [L.] In consequence of a vow; applied to votive offerings, as of a picture, a chapel, &c. EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle. EVAS, 7i. [Fr. niais.] A young hawk just taken from the nest not able to prey for itself'. — Shah. t EY'AS, a. Unfledged. — Spenser. EY 'AS-MUS'KET, n. A young unfledged male hawk, el the musket kind, or soarrow-hawk. — Shah. D6VE -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.- Bi -G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete. F 386 FAC E TE 1), i. f Sax. eag, cah.] 1. The /gan of sight or vision ; properly, *s e:lobe or ball movable in the orbit. 2. Sight; view ; rcaiajf knowledge ; as, before one's eyes. 3. Look ; countenance. 4. Front , face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. Aspect; regard; respect; view. 7. Notice; observation; vi°ilanee ; watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed by observation or contemplation. 9. Sight; view, either in a liteial or figurative sense. 10. Something resembling the eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perfo- ration. 12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks and eyes ■ also, a loop or ring for fastening the rigging of ships. 13. The bud of a plant; a shoot 14. A small shade of color ; [uttle used.] 15. The power of percep- tion. 16. Oversight; inspection. — The eyes of a ship, are the parts which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in the lower apartments.— To set the eyes on, is to see ; to have a sight of. — To find favor in the eyes, is to be graciously re- ceived and treated. EYE, n. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants. EYE, v. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view ; to ob- serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly. EYE, v. i. To appear ; to have an appearance.— Shak. EYE'-AT-TRA€T'iNG, a. Attracting the eyes. EyE'-Be AM, n. A glance of the eye. — Shak. EYE'-BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye at one end, formed to be driven into the deck or sides, the eye being left out, to hook tackles or fasten ropes to. EyE'-BE.iGHT, n. A beautiful little plant of the genus eu- phrasia, formerly much used as a remedy for diseases of the eye. EyE'-BRiGHT-jEN-ING, n. A clearing of the sight. EyE'-DROP, n. A tear.— Shak. EyE'-FLAP, n. A blinder on a horse's bridle. EyE'-GLaNCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look. EyE'-GLaSS, n. A glass to assist the sight ; spectacles. — In a telescope, the same as eye-piece, which see. f EyE'-GLUT-TING, n. A feasting cf the eyes.— Spenser. EyE'-OF_-FENDTNG, a. That hurts tne eyes.— Shak. EyE'-PIeCE, n. In a telescope, the lens or combination of lenses with which the image is viewed and magnified. EyE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eje.—Davies. EyE'-SaLVE (I'-sav), n. Ointment for the eye. EYE'-SER-VANT, n. A servant who attends to his duty only when watched. EYE'-SER-VlCE, n. Service performed only under inspec- tion or the eye of an employer. EYE'-SPLlCE, n. In seamen's language, a sort of eye or circle, formed by splicing the end of a rope into itself. EYE'-SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes.— Spenser. EYE'-SToNE, n. A small calcareous stone, used for taking substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. EYE'-STRING, n. The tendon by which the eye is moved. EYE'-TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ; a pointed tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine tooth ; a fang. EYE'-WA-TER, n. A medicated water for the eyes. EyE'-WINK, n, A wink, or motion of the eyelid. EYE'-WIT-NESS, n. One who sees a thing done ; one who has ocular view of any thing. Ef ETBALL, n. The ball, globe, or apple of the eye. EyE'BROW, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. EYED (Ide), pp. 1. Viewed ; observed ; watched. 2. a. Having eyes ; [used in composition.] EyE'LASH, n. The line of hair that edges the eyelid. EYETESS, a. Wanting eyes ; destitute of sight. EfE'LET, ) n. [Fr. ceillet.] A small hole or perfora- EYE'LET-HoLE, } tion, to receive a lace or small rope of cord. EfE'LI-AD, 7i. [Fr. ozillade.] A glance of the eye.— Shak. EYELID, n. _ The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova- ble skin with which an animal covers the eyeball, or un- covers it, at pleasure. |;|-' E R »■ One who eyes another. — Gayton. EYE'SHOT, n. Sight ; view ; glance of the eye.—Dryden. EYE'SlGHT (i'site), n. 1. The sight of the eye ; view ; ob- servation. 2. The sense of seeing. p-™^"^' n ' Sometnin & offensive to the eye or sight. £-!^? (I'ing), #pr. Viewing; watching;; observing. EY'OT.n. A little isle. —Blackstone. EYRE (axe), n [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or circuit. — in England, the justices in eyre were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the different coun- ties. 2. A court of itinerant justices. * EY'RY (a're), n. The place where birds of prey construct their nests and hatch. It is written, also, eyrie. See Aerie. I the sixth etter of the English alphabet, is a labial ar- J ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath. F, in English, has one uniform sound, as in father, after. Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from f by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, as may be perceived by pronouncing ef ev. F stands for fellow ; F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society. F or Fa, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in the_gamut, do, [or ut,] re, mi, fa. FA-Ba'CEOUS, a. [Low L. fabaceus.] Having the nature of a bean ; like a bean. [Little used.] Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying; dilatory; avoiding battle, in ixmta» tion of Fabius Maximus, a famous Roman general. Fa'BLE, n. [L. f alula ; Fr. fable.] 1. A feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious nan ation intended to enforce some useful truth or precept ; an apo- logue. 2. Fiction ; [in a general sense.] 3. An idle story ; vicious or vulgar fictions. — 1 Tim. iv., 7. 4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an epic or dramatic poem. — Dryden. 5. Falsehood ; a softer term for a lie. Fa'BLE, v. i. 1. To feign ; to write fiction. 2. To tell falsehoods. Fa'BLE, v. t. To feign ; to invent ; to devise and speak of as true or real. Fa'BL ED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a. Told or celebrated in fables. — Ticket. Fa'BLER, n. A writer of fables or fictions ; a dealer in feigned stories. — Johnson. F a'BLING, ppr. or a. Feigning ; devising, as stories ; writ- ing or uttering false stories. Fa'BLING, n. The act of making fables.— -Story. * FAB'RIC, n. [L. fabrica.] 1. The structure of any thing ; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or structure of a building; construction; the building itself; an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c. 3. Any system composed of connected parts ; as, the fab- ric of society. — Erskine. 4. Cloth manufactured ; as, wool' en fabrics. * FAB'RIC, v. t. To frame ; to build ; to construct. [Little, used.] FAB'RI-S-ITE, v. t. [L. fabrico.] 1. To form a whole by connecting its parts ; as, to fabricate a building. 2. To form by art and labor, as cloth. 3. To form or devise falsely, as a story or lie. 4. To coin ; [umisual.] — Syn. To frame ; build ; construct ; make ; manufacture ; forge : invent; feign. FAB'RIG-1-TED, pp. Framed: constructed; built; manu factured ; invented ; devised falsely ; forged. FABRIG-A-TING, ppr. Framing; constructing; manufac- turing ; devising falsely ; forging. FAB-RIC-a'TION. n. 1. The act of framing or construct- ing ; construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. The act of devising falsely ; forgery. 4. That which is fabric- ated ; a falsehood ; a fiction. FAB'RIG-A-TOR, n. One who constructs or makes. fFAB'RlLE, a. [L. fabrilis.] Pertaining to handicrafts. FAB"U-LIST, n. The inventor or writer of fables FAB'U-LlZE, v. t. To invent, compose, or relate fables. FABIT-LlZISD, pp. Related in fable. FAB'U-LlZ-ING, ppr. Composing or relating in fable. FAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Fabulousness ; fullness of fables. [Rare.] FAB'U-LOUS, a. 1. Feigned, as a story ; devised ; fictitious. 2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fables : in- vented; not real 3. 'The fabulous age of Greece and Rome was the early age of those countries. FAB'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabulous manner. FAB'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous. FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbourdon.] In music, simple coun- terpoint. *FA-CIDE' (fa-sadeO, n. [Fr.] Front ; front view or eleva- tion of an edifice. — Warton. Fa.CE. n. [Fr.face; It. faccia.] 1. In a general sense, the surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the view of a spectator. 2. A surface of a thing ; [a term ap- plied to the bounding planes ;] the plane surfaces of a sol- id. 3 The surface of the fore part of an animal s head, particularly, of the human head ; the visage. 4. Counte- nance ; cast of features; look; air of the face. 5. The front of a thing ; the fore part ; the flat surface that pre- sents itself first to view. — Ezek., xli, 14. 6. Visible state ; appearance ; as, the face of affairs. 7. Appearance ; look ; as, a face of probability. 8. State of confrontation. 0. Confidence ; boldness ; impudence ; a bold front ; as, to have the face to do a thing. 10. Presence ; sight ; as, be- fore one's face. 11. The person. — 12. In Scripture, face is used for anger or favor; as, to seek one's face. — To ac- cept one's face, is to show him favor or grant his request — To set the face against, is to oppese. 13. A distorted form of the face ; as, to make fa^es it one. — Face to f&cc in immediate presence; as, they xaetftce to face, to see face to face. FaCE, v. t. 1. To meet in front , to oppose with iramess ; Set 3yiwpsi$ A, E, T, &c. long.- I, fi, f, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MiJtfNE, BIRD ;-, -MOV E BQOK, FAC 387 F&C io resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or op- posing ; to confront. 2. To stand opposite to ; to stand with the face or front toward. 3. To cover with addition- al superficies ; to cover in front ; as, to face a building with stone. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impudently. FXOE, v. i. 1. To carry a false appearance ; to play the hypocrite. 2. To turn the face. FICE'-CLOTH, n. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse. Brande. FaCE'-GUaRD, n. A land of mask to defend the face and eyes from accidents, as in various chemical and mechan- ical processes. — Hebert. FICE'-PIINT-ER, n. A painter of portraits ; one who draws the likeness of the face. FICE'-PIINT-ING, n. The act or art of painting portraits. FICED (taste), pp. 1. Covered in front. — 2. a. In composi- tion, denoting the kind of face, as full-faced, — Bailey. FICE'LESS, a. Without a face. FACET, n. [Fr. facette.] A little face ; a small surface ; as, the facets of a diamond. fFA-CETE'.a. [L.facetus.] Gay; cheerful.— Burton. FACET-ED, a. Having facets. f FA-CeTE'NESS, n. Wit ; pleasant representation. fFA-CETE'LY, adv. Sportively; with good humor. — Burton. FA-Ce'TI-M (fa-se'she-e), n.pl. [L.] Witticisms. FA-Ce'TIOUS (fa-se'shus), a. [Fr. facetieux.] 1. Abounding with wit and good humor. 2. Full of pleasantry ; exciting laughter ; [applied to persons or things.] — Syn. Witty ; jocular ; jocose ; merry ; sprightly ; sportive ; playful ; lively ; gay ; cheerful. FA-CeTIOUS-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly ; wittily ; with pleasantry. FA-CE'TIOUS-NESS, n. Sportive humor ; pleasantry ; the quality of exciting laughter or good humor. FI'CIAL (fa'shal), a. [L. fades.] Pertaining to the face ; as, the facial artery, vein, or nerve. — Facial angle, in anato- my, is the angle formed at the nostrils by drawing two lines, one to the forehead and the other to the opening of the ear. It serves to measure the elevation of the fore- _head. FI'CIAL-LY, adv. In a facial manner. f FI'CIENT (-shent), n. A doer ; one who does any thing, good or bad. FACILE (fas'il), a. [Fr. facile.] 1. Properly, easy to be done or performed ; easy ; not difficult ; performable or attainable with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed; easily conquerable. — Milton. 3. Easy of ac- cess or converse ; mild ; courteous ; not haughty, austere, or distant. — Ben Jonson. 4. Pliant; flexible; easily per- suaded to good or bad; yielding; ductile to a fault. — Milton. t FACf LE-LY, adv. Easily.— Herbert. FACILE-NESS, n. Easiness to be persuaded. FA-CIL'I-TaTE, v. t. [Fr. faciliter.] To make easy or less difficult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to di- minish it ; to lessen the labor of. FA-CILI-Ta-TED, pp. Made easy or easier. FA-CIL'1-Ta-TING, ppr. Rendering easy or easier. FA-CIL-I-TI'TION, n. The act of making easy. FA-CIL1-TIES (fa-sil'e-tiz), n.pl. The means by which any thing is rendered easy ; convenient advantages or oppor- tunities. FA-CIL'I-TY n. [Fr. facilite ; L.facilitas.] 1. Easiness to be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. Ease of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ; dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easiness to be persuad- ed ; readiness of compliance ; [usually in a bad sense.] 4. Easiness of access ; complaisance ; condescension ; affa- bility. — Smith. FAC-I-Ne'RI-OUS. See Facinorous. Fa'CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face toward ; op- posite. 2. Covering the fore part. 3. Turning the face. Fa'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense. FI'CING-LY, adv. In front ; in the way of facing. FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L.f acinus.] Atrociously wicked. [Lit- tle used.] FA-CIN'O-ROUS-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. FAC-SIM'I-LE, n. [L.facio and similis.] An exact copy or likeness, as of handwriting. FACT, n. [L. factum.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes to pass ; an effect produced or achieved. 2. Reality ; truth ; verity ; as, in fact. — Syn. Act ; deed ; performance ; event ; incident ; occurrence ; circumstance. FACTION, n. [Fr.] 1. A party, in political society, com- bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov- ernment, or state ; a junto. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissen- sion. — 3. In ancient history, an appellation given to the dif- ferent troops or companies of combatants in the games of the circus. — Brande. FACTION- A-RY, n. A party man ; one of a faction. [Rare.] FACTION-ER, n. One of a faction.— Bishop Bancroft. "ACTION-IST, n. One who promotes faction. FACTIOUS (fak'shus), a. [Fr. factieux ; L. factiosus.] 1. Given to faction , addicted to form parties and raise dig sensions in opposition to government ; turbulent ; pron« to clamor against public measures or men. 2. Pertaining to faction ; proceeding from faction. FACTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factious manner ; by means Oi faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner. FACTIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo- sition to the government or to the public interest ; dispo- sition to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness fox a party. FACTITIOUS (fak-tish'us), a. [L. factitius.] Made by art, in distinction from what is produced by nature ; artifi cial. FAC-TI"TIOUS-LY, adv. In a factitious or unnatural man- ner. t F ACTIVE, a. Making ; having power to make. FACTOR, n. [L. factor.] 1. In commerce, an agent employ- ed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and sell, and to transact business on their account 2. An agent , a substitute. — Factor, in Scotland, is synonymous with steward in England. Brande. — 3. In arithmetic and alge- bra, a term applied to the multiplier and multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds the product. FACTOR-A&E, n. The allowance given to a factor by his employer, as a compensation for his services ; called, also, a commission. FACTo'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a factory ; consisting in a factory. FACTOR-SHIP, n. A factory ; the business of a factor FACTO-RY, n. 1. A house or place where factors reside, to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manufactory, a building or collection of buildings, appropriated to the manufacture of goods. FACTo'TUM, n. [L.] A person employed to do all kinds of work. — Ben Jonson. FACTURE, n. [Fr.] The art or the manner of making. FACUL-TY, n. [Fr. faculte ; L. faculias.] 1. That power of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive, or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing ; ability. 3. The power of performing any action, natural, vital, or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the pecu- liar skill derived from practice, or practice aided by na- ture ; habitual skill or ability. 5. Personal quality ; dis- position or habit, good or ill.— Shak. 6. Power ; authori- ty. — Shak. 1. Mechanical power; [not used.] 8. Natural virtue; efficacy; [not used.] 9. Privilege ; a right or pow- er granted to a person. 10. The individuals constituting a scientific profession, or a branch of one, taken collective- ly; particularly, the medical profession. — 11. In colleges, the masters and professors of the several sciences ; one of the members or departments of a university. — In America, the faculty of a college or university consists of the presi- dent, professors, and tutors. — The faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a respectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before the courts of session, justiciary, and ex- chequer. Their president is styled dean of the faculty. — Syn. Talent ; gift ; endowment ; dexterity ; adroitness . knack. *FACUND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. FA-€UND'I-OUS, a. Eloquent ; full of words. FA-CUND'I-TY, n. [L. facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness of speech. FAD'DLE, v. I To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.] t FADE, a. [Fr.] Weak ; slight; faint.— Berkeley. FIDE, v. i. [Fr. fade.] 1. To lose color; to tend from n stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. To wither, as a plant ; to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually ; to van- ish ; as, ideas fade. 4. To lose lustre ; to grow dim, as the stars. 5. To decay ; to perish gradually ; to waste. 6. To decay ; to decline ; to become poor and miserable. — James, i., 11. 7. To lose strength, health, or vigor ; to de- cline ; to grow weaker. 8. To disappear gradually ; to vanish. FIDE, v. t. To cause to wither ; to wear away ; to deprive of freshness or vigor. FID'ED, pp. or a. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; decayed; vanished. FIDE'LESS, a. Unfading.— Coleridge. FAD6E (faj), v. i. [Sax. fcegen, gefegen.] 1. To suit ; to fit ; to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have one part consistent with another. 2. To agree ; to live in am- ity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. [A vulgar word.] FIDTNG, ppr. 1. Losing color; becoming less vivid; do caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay , liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not jiurable ; transient. FaD'ING. n. Decay ; loss of color, freshness, or vigor. FaD'ING-LY, adv. In a fading manner. FIDTNG-NESS, n. Decay ; liableness to decaj FaD'Y, a. Wearing away ; losing color or strength. FjE'CAL. See Fecai.. DGVE :— BULL UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. PAI 388 FAI FACES, n pi. p-J Excrement; also, settlings; sediment after inf tsios or distillation.— Quincy. FI/EK-Y, a. or n. Fairy, which see. FAFF Sec Fuff. f FAFFEL, v. i. To stammer.— Barret. FA.G,v.t. To beat ; to compel to drudge. [Colloquial] FAG, n. A laborious drudge ; a school-boy who acts as a drudge f>r another. — Edgeworth. [Colloquial.] FAG, v. i. [Scot faik.] To drudge ; to labor to weariness ; to become weary. [Colloquial.] tFAG, to. A knot or coarse part in cloth. FAG -END', to. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of coarser materials. 2. The refuse or meaner part of any thing. — 3 Among seamen, the untwisted end of a rope ; hence, to he fagged or fagged out, is to become untwisted and loose*. FAG'GING to. Laborious drudgery ; the acting as drudge for another at an English school. FAGOT, to. [W.fagod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs, or small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising bat- teries, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification. 2. A bundle of pieces of iron for re-manufacture. 3. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not full, and hide the deficiency. FAG'OT, v. t. To tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col- lect promiscuously. — Dryden. FAG'OT-ED, pp. Bound together ; tied in bundles. FAG'OT-ING, ppr. Binding together. FXH'LERZ, to. Gray copper, or gray copper ore. FXH'LUN-lTE, to. [from Fahlun.] A mineral occurring in opaque, brownish-green, six-sided prisms, transversely fo- liated. It has nearly the composition of iolite. Fa'I-ENCE' (fa-yans'), to. [from Faenza, the original place of manufacture.] In the fine arts, imitation porcelain ; a kind of fine pottery, embellished with painted designs. — Brande. Encyc. Am. FML,v.i. [Fr.faillir.] 1. To become deficient; to be in- sufficient; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be entirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to be diminished; as, one's strength fails. 3. To decline; to decay; to sink; to become weaker ; as, a sick man fails. 4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely wanting ; to be no longer produced. 5. To be entirely exhausted ; to be wanting ; to cease from supply. 6. To cease ; to perish ; to be lost. 7. To die.— 7s., xxxi, 3. 8. To decay ; to de- cline, as sight. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. To miss ; not to produce the effect, as an experiment or attempt. 11. To be deficient in duty ; to omit or neglect. 12. To miss ; to miscarry ; to be frustrated or disappoint- ed. 13. To be neglected ; to fall short ; not to be exe- cuted, as a promise. 14. To become insolvent or bankrupt. FAIL, v. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg- lect or omit to afford aid, supply, or strength. 2. To omit ; not to perform. 3. To be wanting to. FaIL, to. 1. Omission ; non-perfcrmance. 2. Miscarriage ; feilure ; deficience ; want ; death ; [little used.] f FaIL'ANCE, to. Fault ; failure. FaIL.ED, pret. and pp. of fail. Become deficient; ceased. FaIL'ER. See Failure. FaIL'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming deficient or insufficient ; becoming weaker ; decaying ; declining ; omitting ; not ex- ecuting or perftn-ming; miscarrying; neglecting; want- _ing ; becoming bankrupt or insolvent. FILL'ING, n. 1. The act of failing ; a fault of ignorance or carelessness. 2. The ac* of failing or becoming insolvent. — Syn. Imperfection; defect; deficiency; weakness; foi- ble ; failure ; miscarriage ; misfortune. F1ILTNG-LY, adv. By failing. FIIL'URE (fail'yur), n. 1. A faffing ; deficience ; cessation of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform- ance, as of a promise. 3. Decay, or defect from decay, as of sight. 4. A breakinc:, or becoming insolvent. 5. A failing; a slight fault ; [little used.] £- !*J* °" ^^ f a g en ' f a # an -] G1 gin hastily and eagerly. 2. To apply one's self to. — To fad under. 1. To .come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected to. 2. To come under ; to become the subject D6 VE — BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"C10US.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FAL 390 FAL it, aa to J nil wadiT notice. 3. To come within, to be ranges' or i sckoned with ; as, to fall under this class. — To Jali upon. 1. To attack. 2. To attempt; as, to fall upon philosophical disquisitions. 3. To rush against. FALL. v. t. 1. To let fal 1 ; to drop ; [obs.] 2. To sink ; to tep ess, as the voice '. To diminish ; to lessen or low- er ; ["Me used.] 4. To bring forth; as, to fall lambs; llitth nsed ] 5. To fell ; to cut down ; as, to fall a tree. r ?roi incial in England, and occasionally heard in America.] FALL, n. 1. The act of dropping or descending from a irigbrr to a lower place by gravity ; descent. 2. The act of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. 3. Death ; d jstruotion ; overthrow. 4. Ruin ; destruction. 5. Down- fall ; degradation ; loss of greatness or office. 6. Declen- s ; on oi greatness, power, or dominion ; ruin. 7. Diminu- tiin; decrease of price or value ; depreciation. 8. Decli- nation of sound ; a sinking of tone ; cadence. 9. Declivi- ty ; the descent of land or a hill ; a slope. — Bacon. 10. Descent of water ; a cascade ; a cataract ; a rush of water down a steep place. 11. The outlet or discharge of a river or current of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond. 12. Extent of descent ; the distance which any thing falls. 13. The fall of the leaf ; the season when leaves fall from trees ; autumn ; [provincial in England ; still used in America.] 14. That which falls ; a falling ; as, a fall of rain. 15. The act of felling or cutting down. 16. Fall, or the fall, by way of distinction, the apostasy ; the act cf our first parents in eating the forbidden fruit ; also, the apos- tasy of the rebellious angels. — 17. Formerly, a kind of vail. Ben, Jonson. — 18. In seame?i , s language, that part of a tackle to which the power is applied in hoisting. — 19. In Great Britain, a terra applied to several measures, linear, superficial, and solid. FAL-La'CIOUS (fal-la'shus), a. [Yr.fallacieux.] 1. Wearing a false appearance ; producing error or mistake ; as, fal- lacious reasoning. . 2. Not well founded ; producing dis- appointment ; mocking expectation; as, fallacious prom- ises. — Syn. Deceptive ; deceiving ; misleading ; sophistic- al ; deceptious ; delusive ; elusory ; false ; illusive ; de- ceitful. FAL-La'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a fallacious manner ; deceit- fully ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to de- ceive. FAL-La'CIOUS-NESS, n. Tendency to deceive or mis- lead ; inconclusiveness. FAL'LA-CY, n. [L. fallacia.] 1. Deceptive or false appear- ance ; deceitfulness ; that which misleads the eye or the mind. 2. Deception ; mistake. Shak. — 3. In logic, an ar- gument, or apparent argument, which professes to be de- cisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not — Brande. tFAL'LAX, n. [L.] Cavillation. — Abp. Cranmer. FALL'jEN (fawl'n), pp. or a. Dropped ; descended ; degrad- ed ; decreased ; ruined. f FAL'LEN-CY, n. Mistake. FALL'ER, n. One who falls. FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. [It. fallibilita.] L Liableness to de- ceive ; the quality of being fallible ; uncertainty ; possi- bility of being erroneous. 2. Liableness to err or to be deceived in one's own judgment. FAL'LI-BLE, a. [It.faU&ile.] 1. Liable to fail or mistake ; that may err or be deceived in judgment. 2. Liable to error ; that may deceive ; as, fallible judgment. FAL'LI-BLY, adv. In a fallible manner. — Huloet. FALLING, ppr. or a. Descending ; dropping ; disembogu- ing ; apostatizing ; declining ; decreasing ; sinking ; com- ing. FALLTNG, \n. An indenting or hollow; opposed to FALL'I.JG IN, ) rising or prominence. — Falling away, apostasy. — Falling off, departure from the line or course ; declension. — Falling down, prostration. — 2 Mac. FALL'ING-SICK'NESS. n. The epilepsy. FALL'ING^-STaR, n. See Shooting-star. FALLTNG-SToNE, n. A stone falling from the atmosphere ; a meteorite ; an aerolite. FAL-Lo'PI-AN, a. [from Eallopius.] A term applied to two ducts arising from the womb, usually called tubes. FAL'LoW, a. [Sax./atoe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yellow; as, a fallow deer. 2. Unsowed ; not tilled ; left to rest after a year or more of tilla 2 e. 3. Left unsowed after plowing. 4. Unplowed; uncultivated.— Shak. 5. Unoc- cupied ; neglected ; [obs.] FAL'LoW, n. 1. Land that has lain a year or more untill- ed or unseeded. 2. The plowing or tilling of land, with- out sowing it, for a season.— A green fallow, in England, is that where land is rendered mellow and clean from weeds_by some green crop, as turnips, &c. t FAL'LoW, v. i. To fade ; to become yellow. FAL'LoW, v. t. To plow, harrow, and break land without seed'ns; it. FAL LoW CROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground. — Sinclair. FAL'LoW-DEER, n. [Sax. falewe, pale yellow.] The cer- vus dama, a kind of deer smaller than the stag, and >ost common in England, where it is almost domestica^d in the parks. — Partington. FAL'LoW-FINCH, n. A small bird, the wheat-ear. FAL'LoW£D, pp. Plowed and harrowed for a season, without being sown. FAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Plowing and hariowinsj land without sowing it. FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of plowing and harrow- ing land without sowing it. FAL'LoW-IST, n. One who favors the practice of fallow- ing land. [ Unusual.] FAL'LoW-NESS, n. A fallow state ; barrenness ; exemp- tion from bearing fruit. — Donne. t FALS'A-RY, n. A falsifier of evidence.— Sheldon. FALSE, a. [L. falsus.] 1. Not true ; not conformable to fact ; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is done, said, or thought ; untrue. 2. Not well founded ; unfounded. 3. Not true ; not according to the lawful standard ; as, false weights. 4. Substituted for another ; succedaneous ; supposititious. 5. Counterfeit ; forged , not genuine, as coin. 6. Not solid or sound ; deceiving expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propriety. & Not honest or just ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or loyal ; treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaithful ; in- constant. 11. Deceitful ; treacherous ; betraying secrets. 12. Counterfeit; not genuine or real ; as, a false diamond. 13. Hypocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the pur- pose of deception. — False fire, a combustible composition used in vessels of war for making signals dtiring the night — False imprisonment, the arrest and imprisonment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law ; or the unlawful detention of a person in custody. FALSE, adv. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely. t FALSE, v. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity ; to de- ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade. FALSE'-FaCSD, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful.— Shak. t FALSE'-HE ART, \ a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; FALSE'-HEaRT'ED, 5 perfidious. FALSE'-HE iRT'ED-NESS, n. Perfidiousness ; treachery. FALSE'-KEEL, n. The timber added below the main keel to serve both as a defense and an aid in holding a better wind. — Brande. FALSE'-ROOF, n. In architecture, that part between the ceiling of the upper floor and the covering of the roof. — Gwilt. FALSE'HOOD (fawlsTiud), n. 1. Contrariety or inconformi- ty to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; an un- true assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; deceit fulness ; perfidy ; [see Falseness.] 4. Counterfeit ; false appearance; imposture. Milton. — Syn. Untruth; falsi- ty ; fiction ; fabrication ; he. FALSE'LY (fawlsly), adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth and fact ; not truly. 2. Treacherously ; perfidiously. 3. Erroneously : by mistake. FALSE'NESS (fawls'nes), n. 1. Want of integrity and ve- racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit ; double dealing. 3. Unfaithfulness ; treachery ; perfidy ; traitorousness. FALS'ER, n. A deceiver. FAL-SETTE', ) n. [It.] Literally, a false or artificial voice. FAL-SETTO, } That part of a person's voice which lies above its natural compass. FAL' SI -GRl'MEN. [L.] The crime of forgery. FALS'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeited, or corrupted. FALS-I-FI-€aTION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of making false , a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appearance of something winch it is not. 2. Confutation. — Broome FALS'I-FI-CI-TOR, n. A falsifier.— Bp. Morton. FALS'I-FIjED, pp. Counterfeited. FALS'1-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false coin 2. One who invents falsehood ; a bar. 3. One who proves a thing to be false. FALS'1-FY, v. t. [Fr. falsifier.] 1. To counterfeit ; to forge; to make something false, or in imitation of that which is true. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false ; as, to falsify a prediction. 3. To violate ; to break by falsehood. \. To show to be unsound, insufficient, or not proof ; [not in use.] FALS'I-FY. v. i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth. FALS'I-FY-ING,£p?\ Counterfeiting; forging; lying; prov- ing to be false ; violating. FALS'I-TY. n. [L.falsitas^] 1. Contrariety or inconformity to truth ; the quality of being false. 2. Falsehood ; a lie, a false assertion ; [less proper.] FALTER, v. i. [Sp. faltai a 1. To hesitate. ! tf , o*- break ir the utterance of wordc to speak with a l>;tHe;J oi - trem bling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, ti emW „, c r yield in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail ir tha regular exercise of the understanding. — Ilccki. t FALTER, v. t. To sift.— Mortimer. * See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, shon.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ; -MOV E. £ pOH " FAM 391 FAN FALTER-IN G, ppr. or a. Hesitating ; speaking with a fee- ble, broken, trembling utterance ; failing. FALTERING, re Feebleness; deficiency. FALTER-ING-LTr, adv. With hesitation; with a trembling, broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness. Fa'LUN, re. [F.'| A French provincial name for certain ter- tiary strata, abounding in shells, corresponding to the Nor- folk crag. — Lyell. FaME, re. [L. fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa- vorable report ; report of good or great actions ; report that exalts the character.— Syn. Notoriety ; celebrity ; re- nown ; reputation; credit; honor. FAME, v. t. To make famous. — Ben Jonson. 2. To report. FXME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame. FaM-ED, a. Much talked of; renowned; celebrated; dis- tinguished and exalted by favorable reports. FIME'LESS, a. Without renown. — Beaumont and Fletcher. FaME'LESS-LY, adv. In a tameless manner. FA-MIL'IAR (fa-mil'yar), a. [L. familiaris.] 1. Pertaining to a family; domestic. — Pope. 2. Accustomed by frequent converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3. Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4. Well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use ; as, fa- miliar with a book. 5. Well known ; learned or well un- derstood by frequent use ; as, a familiar book. 6. Un- ceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Common ; frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ; not formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. — Familiar spirit, a demon or evil spirit, supposed to attend at a call. FA-MIl/IAR, re. 1. An intimate; a close companion; one long acquainted. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a person who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the accused. FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. 1. Inthnate and frequent converse, or association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation ; freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimate acquaintance ; un- constrained intercourse. — Syn. Fellowship ; intimacy ; affability. FA-MIL'IAR-lZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate ; to habituate ; to accustom ; to make well known, by practice or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or customary use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a state of distant superiority. — Addison. FA-MIL'IAR-lZ£D, pp. Accustomed; habituated; made fa- miliar ; made easy by practice, custom, or use. FA-MIL'IAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming ; making familiar ; rendering easy by practice, custom, or use. FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner ; uncere- moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2. Commonly ; frequently ; with the ease and unconcern that arise from long custom or acquaintance. FAM'I-LISM, re. The tenets of the Familists. F AMI-LIST, re. [from family.] One belonging to the Family of Love, a sect in Queen Elizabeth's reign, much like the Roman Catholic Quietists. FAM-I-LIST'IG, a. Pertaining to Familists.— Baxter, Fa-MYLLE/. [Fr. enfamille.] " In a family state ; domestical- ly. — Swift. [This word is never used without en before it.] FAM'I-LY, re. [L., Sp.familia ; Fr. famillc] 1. The collective body of persons who live in one house, and under one head or manager ; a household, including parents, children, and servants. 2. Those who descend from one common pro- genitor ; a fribe or race : kindred ; lineage. 3. Course of descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. — Pope. 4. Honor- able descent ; noble or respectable stock. 5. A collection or union of nations or states. E. Everett. — 6. In popular language, an order, class, or genus of animals, or of other natural productions, having something in common, by which they are distinguished from others. FAM'lNE, n. [Yr.fami.ne.] 1. Scarcity of food; dearth; a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants of a country or besieged place. 2. Want ; destitution. FAMISH, v. t. [Fr. ajfamer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or destroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by hunger or thirst; tc distress with hunger. 3. To kill by deprivation or denial jf any thing necessary for life. FAM'ISH, v. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis- tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitution. FAM'ISHA'D (fam'isht), pp. or a. Starved ; exhausted by want of sustenance. FAM'ISH-1 NG, ppr. or a. Starving; killing; perishing by W£.~tof food; FAJVi'ISH-MENT, re. The pain of extreme hunger or thirst; e^lremc want of sustenance— Hakewill. fFA-MOSl-TY, n. Renown.— Diet Fa'MOUS, a. [L. famosus.] I. Celebrated in fame or public report ; much talked of and praised j distinguished in story. 2. Distinguished or notorious ; in a bad sense ; as, a famous robber.— Syn. Noted ; remarkable ; signal ; con- spicuous ; renowned ; illustrious ; eminent ; excellent ; -transcendent Fa'MOUSED, a. Renowned. — Shah. [An ill-formea v&ra % Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity. f FAM'U-LaTE, v. t. [L.famulor.] To serve.— CockeraTs. FAN, n. [Sax. fa?in.] 1. An instrument used by ladies ti agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weathev. 2 Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread. 3 An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. A small vane oi sail, used to keep the large sails of a wind-mill always i& the direction of the wind. 5. Something by which the ail is moved; a wing. — Dry den. 6. An instrument to raise- the fire or flame ; as, a fan to inflame love. FAN, v. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fan. 2. To venti- late ; to blow on ; to affect by air put in motion. 3. To move as with a fan ; as, " the air, fanned with plumes.'' — Milton. 4. To winnow; to ventilate; to separate chafl from grain, and drive it away by a current of air. FAN'-LlGHT, n. A window in form of an open fan. FAN'-LiKE, a. Resembling a fan. — Kirby. FA-NAT'I€, )a. [L.fanaticus.] Wild and extravagant ia FA-NATI-G-AL, 5 opinions, particularly in religious opin- ions: excessively enthusiastic; possessed by a kind of phrensy. FA-NAT'IC, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion. — Syn. Enthusiast | visionary. FA-NATIG-AL-LY, adv. With wild enthusiasm. FA-NATTC-AL-NESS, n. Fanaticism. FA-NA1T-CISM, n. Excessive enthusiasm ; wild and ex- travagant notions of religion ; religious phrensy. FA-NAT'I-ClZE, v. t. To make fanatic. FA-NAT'I-ClZ ED, pp. Rendered fanatic. FA-NAT'I-ClZ-lNG, ppr. Rendering fanatic. FAN'CISD, pp. or a. Imagined; conceived; liked. FAN'CI-ER, ?2. One who fancies. This word often occurs in composition ; as, bird-fancier, dog-fancier, rose-fancier, &c, denoting one who has a taste for the things specified, and who keeps them for sale. FAN'CI-FUL, a. 1, Guided by the imagination rather than by reason and experience ; subject tefthe influence of fan- cy ; [applied to persons.] 2. Dictated by the imagination j full of wild images ; [applied to things.] — Syn. Imagina- tive , ideal ; visionary ; capricious ; chimerical ; whim- sical ; fantastical ; wild. FAN'CI-FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a fanciful manner; wildly; whimsically. 2. According to fancy. FAN'CI-FUL-NESS, re. 1. The quality of being fanciful, or influenced by the imagination rather than by reason and experience; the habit of following fancy ; [applied to per- sons.] 2. The quality of being dictated by imagination ; [applied to things.] FANCY, re. [L. phantasia.] 1. The faculty by which the mind forms images or representations of things at pleas- ure. It is often used as synonymous with invagination ; but imagination is rather the power of combining and modifying our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. Taste ; conception. 4. Image ; conception ; thought ; idea. 5. Inclination ; liking. 6. Love. — Shak. 7. Caprice ; hu- mor ; whim ; conceit. 8. False notion. 9. Something that pleases or entertains without real use or value. — Fan- cy stocks, among brokers, stocks which, having no deter- minate value from any fixed probable income, fluctuate in price according to the fancy of speculators. — The fancy, a cant name for sporting charactei'S. FAN'CY, v. i. To imagine ; to figure to one's self; to be- lieve or suppose without proof. FAN'CY, v. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par ticularly on account of external appearance or manners. FAN'CY-BALL, n. A ball at which persons appear in fan- cy dresses, imitations of antique costumes, &c. FAN'CY-FRaM^D, a. Created by the fancy. FAN'CY-FREE. a. Free from the power of love.— Shak. FAN'CY-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), re. One who deals in tricks of imagination. — Shak. FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or whose distemper is in his own mind. FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining ; conceiving ; liking. f FAND. old pret. of find. — Spenser. FAN-DAN"GO, 72. [Sp.] A lively dance. FINE, n, [L. faninn.] A temple; a place consecrated to religion ; a church. — Pope. [ Used in poetry.] FAN'FARE, n. [Fr.] A flourish of trumpets, as in coming into the lists, &c. * FAN'FA-RON, re. [Fr. favfaron,} A bully ; a hector ; a swaggerer ; an empty boaster; a vain pretender FAN-FAR-ON- IDE'. 72. A swaggering; vain boasting; os- tentation; a bluster. — Swift. tFANG, v.t. [Sax. fengtm.] To catch; to seize; to lay hold ; to gTipe ; to clutch. — Shak. FANG, re. [Sax., fang.] 1. The tusk of a boar or other ant Do VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S us Z ; cH us S.H ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. FAR 392 FAR jia., by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed tooth. 2. A Llaw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, ky which hold is taken.— Evelyn. FA.NGED (fangd), a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or some- thing long and pointed. — Shak. fFAN" jLE (fang'gl), n. [from Sax. fengan.} A new at- temp t ; a trifling scheme. FAWGLED (fang'gld), a. Properly, begun, new-made ; hence, gaudy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except with new. See New-fangled.] FANG'LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks , toothless. FAN"GOT, n. A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c, from one to two hundred weight and three quarters. FAN 'ION (fan'yun), n. [Fr.] In armies, a small flag earned with the baggage. — Encyc. FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated. FANNEL, ) n. [Fr. fanon.] A sort of ornament like a scarf, FAN'ON, 5 worn about the left arm of a Roman Catho- lic priest when he officiates. FAN'NER. n. 1. One who fans. 2. A contrivance for pro- ducing a current of air, as in a window, &c. FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing ; ventilating. FANNTING-MA-CHlNE', f n. A machine for cleansing seeds FAN'NING-MILL, 5 from chaff, husks, dirt, &c. FAN-Ta'SI-A (fan-ta'ze-a), n. [It. fancy.] A fanciful air in music, not restricted to the laws of composition. |FAN'TA-SI.ED (-sid), a. Filled with fancies or imagina- tions; whimsical. — Shah. FAN'TASM (fan'tazm), n. [Gr. (Pavraoixa. Usually written phantasm.'] That which appears to the imagination ; a phantom ; something not real. FAN-TASTIG, la. [Fr. fantastique.} 1. Fanciful; pro- FAN-TASTIG-AL, ) duced. or existing only in imagina- tion ; imaginary ; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having the na- ture of a phantom ; apparent only. Shak. — 3. Unsteady ; irregular. — Prior. 4. Whimsical ; capricious ; fanciful ; in- dulging the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical ; odd. FAN-TAS'TIG. n. A whimsical person. — Dr. Jackson. FAN-TASTIG-AL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina- tion. 2. In a fantastic manner ; capriciously; unsteadily. 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. — Grew. FAN-TASTIG-AL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy ; hu- morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice. FAN-TAS'TIG-L Y, adv. Irrationally ; whimsicaUy. — Ben Jonson. FAN-TAS'TIC-NESS. The same as fantasticalness. FAN'TA-SY. n. and v. Now written fancy, which see. FAN-TOC-CTNI (im-to-che've). [It.] Dramatic represent- ations in which puppets are substituted in the scene for human performers. — Brande. FAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantdme.] Something that appears to the imagination ; also, a spectre ; a ghost ; an apparition. It is generally written phantom. FANTOM-GORN, n. Lank or light corn.— Grose. [North of England.} fFAP, a. Fuddled.— Shak. FA-QUlR. See Fakir. FaR, a. [Sax. feor, for, or fyr.] 1. Distant, in any direction ; separated by a wide space from the place where one is, or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively, remote from purpose ; contrary to design or wishes. 3. Remote in affection or obedience ; at enmity with : alienated. — Psalm lxxiii., 27; [in a spiritual sense.} 4. More or most distant of the two ; as, the far side or a yoke of cattle. FaR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space. 2. Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely. --3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ; very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance ; as, good as far as it goes. — By far, in a great degree , very much. — From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place.— Far from, at a great distance. — Far of. 1. At a great distance; as, to be far off. 2. To a great distance; as, to go far off.— 3. In a spiritual sense, alienated ; at en- mity ; in a state of ignorance and alienation.— Far other, very different. FAR, n. [Sax. farh, fearh.] The young of swine; or a lit- ter of pigs.— Tusser. [Local.] t FaR'-A-BOUT', n. A going out of the way.-- Fuller. FaR'-BeAMTNG, a. Sending beams to a distance.— Cow- per. FXR'-BROUGHT (-brawt), a. Brought from far. FaR'-GAST, a. Cast to a far distance. — More FaR'-EX-TEND'ED, a. Extended to a great distance.— Coleridge. FaR'-FaM£D, a. Widely celebrated.— Pope. FAR-FETCH, n. A deeply-laid stratagem. [Little used 1 FAR'-FETCHED (-fetcht), a. 1. Brought from a remote place. 2. Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally de- duced or intra duced ; forced ; strained. [Far-fet, the same, is not used.] FAR'-G LANCING, a. Glancing to a great distance. FaR' LOOKING, a. Looking to a great distance.— Allen. FaR'-PIeRCTNG, a. Striking or penetrating a great way. — Pope. FaR'-RE-SOUND'ING, a. Resounding to a great Jistance. FAR'-RuL'ING, a. Ruling to a great extent of country. FaR'-SEE'ING, a. Seeing to a great distance. FAR-SHOOTING, a. Shooting to a great distance.— Dryden. FaR'-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing to a great distance. FaR'-SiGHTED-NESS, n. The power of seeing far FAR-STRETCHED (-stretcht), a. Stretched far. FARANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly; decent; respectable. 'Cra- ven dialect.] 2. Comely ; handsome. — Ray ; [not used.] FaRCE (fars), v. t. [h.farcio; Fr. far cir.] 1. To stuff"; to fill with forced meat. 2. To extend; to swell out. [A ?vord little used.] FaRCE (fars), n. [Fr. farcer, to stuff.] Literally, that which is stuffed out with strong seasoning ; hence, a short play, in which ridiculous qualities and actions are greatly exag. gerated, for the purpose of exciting laughter. — Smart. FAR'CI-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to farce. 2. Droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 3. Illusory ; de- ceptive. FAR'CI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence, ludicrously. FAR'CI-CAL-NESS, n. State of being farcical or ludicrous. tFAR'CI-LlTE, n. Pudding-stone.— Kirzcan. FaR'CIN, \n. la farriery, a disease of the absorbents affect- FAR'CY, ) ing the skin and its blood-vessels; allied to the glanders. FaB-'CING, n. Stuffing composed of forced meat FARG'TATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; crammed, or full ; without vacuities : opposed to tubular or hollow. t FARD, v. t. [Fr.] To paint.— Shenstone. FaPv/DEL, n. [It. fardello ; Fr. fardeau.] A bundle or little pack. — Shak. FAR'DEL, v. t. To make up in bundles. — Fuller. FaR'DING-BAG, n. The first stomach of a cow or other ruminating animal, where green food lies till it is chewed _over again. — Gardner. FaRE, v. i. [Sax. and Goth, faran.} 1. To go ; to pass; to move forward ; to travel. — Milton ; [not in common use. ] 2. To be in any state, good or bad ; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfor- tunate. 3. To feed ; to be entertained. 4. To proceed in a train of consequences, good or bad. — Milton. 5. To hap- pen well or ill : with it, impersonally. FaRE, k. 1. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2. Food ; provisions of the table. 3. The person conveyed in a ve- hicle — Drummond ,- [not used in the United States.] * FARE-WELL'. A compound of fare, in the imperative, and well. Go well ; originally applied to a person depart- ing, but, by custom, now applied both to those who depart and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun ; as, fare you well. Sometimes it is only an expression oi separation ; as, farewell, ye groves. * FARE-WELL', n. 1. A wish of happiness or welfare at parting ; the parting compliment 2. Leave ; act of de- parture. — Shak. FA-Rl'NA, n. [L. farina.] 1. In botany, the pollen, fine dust, or powder contained in the anthers of plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and fructify the plant 2. The flour of any species of corn, or starchy root, such as the potato, &c. Ure. — 3. In chemistry, starch or fecula, one of the proximate principles of vegetables. FAR-I-NI'CEOUS, a. 1 Consisting or made of meal or flour, as food. 2. Containing meal; yielding farina, or flour, as seeds. 3. Like meal ; mealy ; pertaining to meal ; as, a farinaceous smell. FAR'I-NoSE, a. In natural history, mealy covered with a sort of white, scurfy substance. FaPlM, tj. [Sax. farma, fearm, or feorm.] 1. In Great Brit, ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved; ground let to a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annual- ly or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2. In the Un itr.d States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of grass-land, meadow, pasture, tillage, and wood-land, cultivated by odp man, and usually owned, by him in fee. 3. The state of land leased on rent reserved ; a lease. — Spenser. FARM, v. t. 1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let to a tenant on condition of paying rent ; [not used in Amer- ica.} 2. To take at a certain rent or iate; [not -used in America.} 3. To lease or let, as taxes, impost, or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4. To tak°. qj hire for a certain rate per cent. 5. To cultivate land. T* farm let, or let to farm, is to lease on rent FaRM'-HOUSE, n. A house attached to i farm, and foi iie residence of a farmer. FARM'-OF-F*CE, ?i. Farm-offices are tne outbuildings per- taining to a farm. FARM'-YARD, n. The yard or inclosuie attached to a barr\ or the inclosure surrounded by the farrA bubd "> .gs. See Si nopsis. 1, E, I, &c., long.— a e I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL. WHAT :— PRE Y ;— MARINE ^IR.r- . —MOV L t" }qS FaS 393 FAS FXRM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed.— Slierwood. FIRMED, pp. Leased on rent ; let out at a certain rate or price. FiRM'ER, n. 1. In Great Britain, a tenant; a lessee ; one who hires and cultivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased ground. The term is also now applied to one who culti- vates his own land. 2. One who takes taxes, customs, ex- cise, or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. — 3. In the United States, one who cultivates a farm ; a husbandman, whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4. In mining, the lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king. FaRM'ER-6EN'ER-AL, n. One to whom the right of levy- ing certain taxes in a particular district was farmed out, under the French monarchy, for a given sum paid down. — En eye. Am. FiRM'ER- Y, n. The buildings and yards necessary for car- rying on the business of a farm. — Brande. FIRMING, ppr. or a. 1. Letting or leasing land on rent re- served, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent. 2. Taking on lease. 3. Cultivating land ; carrying on the business of agriculture. FXRM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land. FaR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. — Dry den. FiR'NESS, n. Distance ; remoteness. — Carew. FaR'O, n. A game at cards, in which persons play against the bank belonging to the proprietor of the establishment. Originally written pharaon. FiR'O-BANK, n. A bank or establishment against which persons play at the game of faro. — Hoole. FAR-RAdTN-OUS, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various ma- terials ; mixed. — Kirwan. FAR-RI'GO, n. [L.] A mass composed of various materi- als confusedly mixed ; a medley. FAR'RAND, > n. Manner ; custom , numor.— Grose. [Lo- Fa'RAND, 5 cal] FAR-RE- ITION See Confarreation. FAR'RI-ER, n, [Fr. ferrant; It. ferraio.] 1. A shoer of horses ; a smith who shoes horses. 2. One who profess- es to cure the diseases of horses. FAR'RI-ER, v. i. To practice as a farrier. FAR'RI-ER- Y, n. The art of preventing, curing, or mitiga- ting the diseases of horses and cattle. Now called the vet- erinary art. FAR'RoW, n. [Sax. fearh, farh.] A litter of pigs. FAR'RoW, v. t. or i. To bring forth -pigs.— Tusser. FAR'RoW, a. [D. vaare ; "een vaare koe," a dry cow.J A cow is so called when she fails to produce a calf for that year. — Forby. [New England] FARTHER, a. comp. [Sax. farther, from forth. Further is the better spelling.] 1. More remote ; more distant than something, else. 2. Longer; tending to a greater distance. FARTHER, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance ; more re- motely ; beyond. 2. Moreover ; by way of progression in a subject. FARTHER, v. t. To promote ; to help forward. [Rare.] f FARTHER- ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion. FaRTHER-MoRE, adv. Besides ; moreover. [Little used.] Instead of the last three words, we now use furtherance, furthermore, further, which see. FARTHEST, a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.] Most distant or remote. FARTHEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See Fur- thest. FARTHING, n. [Sax.feorthung.] 1. The fourth of a pen- ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2. Farthings, in the plural, copper coin. 3. Very small price or value ; as, not to be worth a farthing. 4. A division of land, equal to thirty acres ; [obs.] FaRTHWGALE, n, A hoop petticoat ; or circles of hoops, formed of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat. FARTH1NGS-W6RTH (-wurth), n. As much as is sold for a farthing. — Arbuthnot. FAS' CSS n. pi. [h.fascis.] In Roman antiquity, a bundle of rods, bound round the helve of an ax, and borne before the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. FAS'CI-A (fash'e-a) n. ; pi. Fascije. [L.] 1. A band, sash, or fillet. — In architecture, any fiat member with a small projecture. Also, in brick buildings, the jutting of the bricks beyond the windows. — 2. In astronomy, the belt of a planet.— 3. In surgery, a bandage, roller, or ligature. — 4. In anatomy, a thin, tendinous covering, which surrounds the- muscles of the limbs, and binds them in their places. J-AS'CI-AL (fash'e-al), a. Belonging to the fasces. fc AS'CI-A-TED (fash'e-a-ted), a. Bound with a fillet, sash, or Nandage. ^AS-CI-aTION (fash-e-a'shun), n. The act or manner of binding up diseased parts ; bandage. #AS'CI-GLE, n. [L. fasciculus.] In botany, an aggregate or cluster of fastigiate flowers, whose foot-stalks or pedun- cles spring irregularly from several points at the top of the main stem. fAS-OICU-LAR, a. [L.fascicularis.] United in a bundle. In the form of bundles. Growing in bundles or buncbos from the same point. P6VE ;— BULL, UNITE :-AN"QER. Vl'dOUS.— € as K; . or a. Bewitched; enchanted; charmed. FAS'CI-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Bewitching ; enchanting f charming; captivating. FAS-CI-Na'TION, n. The act of bewitching or enchanting, enchantment; witchcraft; a powerful or irresistible in- fluence on the affections or passions ; unseen, inexplicable influence. FAS-ClNE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood. FAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. —Harvey FASH, v. t. [Old Fr. fascher.] To vex; to tease.— Waliei Scott. FASHION (fash'un), n. [Fr. facon.] 1. The make or form of any thing ; the state of any thing with regard to its ex- ternal appearance ; shape ; as, to have the fashion of a man. 2. Form ; model to be imitated ; pattern. — 2 Kings, xvi., 10. 3. The form of a garment ; the cut or shape of clothes. 4. The prevailing mode of dress or ornament 5. Manner; sort; way; mode; [applied to actions or behav- ior.] 6. Custom; prevailing mode or practice. 7. Gen- teel life or good breeding ; as, a lady of fashion. 8. Any thing worn ; [obs.] 9. Genteel company. 10. Workman- ship. — Overbury. FASHION (fash'un), v. t. [Fr. faconner.] 1. To form ; to give shape or figure to ; to mold; to shape 2. To fit ; to adapt ; to accommodate : with to. — Spenser. 3. To make according to the rule prescribed by custom. — Locke. 4. To forge or counterfeit ; [obs.] FASH'ION-M6N"GER (fash'un-mung'ger), n. One who stud- ies the fashion ; a fop. FASH'ION-M6N"GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion-mon- ger. — Shak. FASHION-PIE-CES. In ships, the hindermost timbers, which form the shape of the stern. — Mar. Diet. FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1. Made according to the prevailing form or mode. 2. Established by custom or use ; cur- rent ; prevailing at a particular time. 3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode ; dressing or behaving accord- ing to the prevailing fashion. 4. Genteel ; well bred. FASHION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being fashiona- ble ; modish elegance ; such appearance as is according to the prevailing custom. FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion, custom, or prevailing practice. FASHIONED,, pp. Made ; formed ; shaped ; adapted. FASHION-ER, n. One who forms or gives shape to. FASH'10N-ING,£pr. Forming; shaping; fitting; adapting FASH'ION-IST, n. An obsequious follower of fashions. FASH'ION-LESS, a. Having no fashion. FAS'S A-lTE, n. [from Fassa.] A variety of pyroxene. FIST, a. [Sax. fast, fast.] 1. Literally, set or pressed close ; hence, close ; tight. 2. Firm ; immovable. 3. Close ; strong ; as, fast places. — Spenser. 4. Firmly fixed ; closely adhering. 5. Close, as sleep; deep; sound. 6. Firm in adherence. — Fast and loose, variable ; inconstant ; as, to play fast and loose. FAST, adv. Firmly ; immovably. — Fast by, or fast beside, close or near to. FAST, a. [W. fast.] Swift ; moving rapidly ; quick in mo- tion. FIST, adv. Swiftly ; rapidly ; with quick steps. FAST, v. i. [Sax. fastan.] 1. To abstain from food beyond the ustial time ; to omit to take the usual meals for a time. 2. To abstain from food voluntarily. 3. To abstain from food partially, or from particular kinds of food ; as, the Roman Catholics fast in Lent. FIST, n. 1. Abstinence from food ; properly, a total absti- nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particu- lar kinds of food for a certain time. 2. Voluntary absti- nence from food, as a religious mortification or humilia- tion. 3. The time of fasting, whether a day, week, or long- er time. FaST, n. That which fastens or holds ; the rope which fas- tens a vessel to a wharf, &c. FaST'-DaY, n. The day on which fasting is observed. FaST-HAND-ED, a. Close-handed; covetous; close-fisted; avaricious. — Bacon. FaST-RE-CkD'ING, a. Receding rapidly.— Wordsworth. FAST-SINK'ING, a. Rapidly sinking. FASTEN (fas'n), v. t. [Sax. fastnian.] 1. To fix firmly ; to make fast or close. 2. To lock, bolt, or bar ; to securo. 3. To hold together ; to cement or to link ; to unit e close - ~ TH~aaTnWs~rT Oh wiete. FA1 394 FAT ty h. » -\j W4.J . *. To affix or conjoin ; [not common.] 5. To fn ; * co impre*3.—Skak. 6. To lay on with strength. Dry Jen, -Syn. T, fix ; cement ; stick ; link ; attach ; af- fix; annex. FXS'TjBN, v. i. To fasten on, is to fix one's self; to seize and hold on ; to clinch. FASTENED (fas'nd), pp. Made firm or fast; impressed. VAS'Ti?N-ER, n. One who makes fast or firm. f&S'TE N-ING, ppr. Malting fast. FaS'T.EN-iNG, n. Any thing that binds and makes fast; or that which is intended for that purpose. FASTER, a. 1. More rapid; swifter. 2. adv. More rapidly. FaST'ER, n. One who abstains from food. FASTEST, a. I. Most rapid ; swiftest. 2. adv. Most swiftly. FAS'Tl, n. [L.] 1. The Roman calendar, which gave the days for festivals, courts, &c., corresponding to a modern almanac. — 2. The fasti anna'les were historical records. — Smith's Diet. \ FAS-TlD-I-OSi-TY, n. Fastidiousness.— Swift. FAS-TID'I-OUS, a. [L. fastidiosus.] 1. Disdainful ; squeam- ish ; delicate to a fault ; over nice ; difficult to please ; [apvlied to persons or minds.] 2. Squeamish ; rejecting what is common or not very nice ; suited with difficulty ; dainty ; [applied to the appetite.] FAS-TID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Disdainfully; squeamishly; con- temptuously. FAS-TID'1-OUS-NESS, n. Disdainfulness; contemptuous- ness ; squeamishness of mind, taste, or appetite. FAS-TIG'I-ATE, ) a. [L. fastigiatus.] 1. In botany, a fas- FAS-TlG'l-A-TED. 5 tigiate stem is one whose branches are of an equ;:l height Peduncles are fastigiate when they elevate the fructifications in a bunch, so as to be equally high. 2. Roofed ; narrowed to the top. FAS-TIg'I-UM. n. [L.] The summit, apex, or ridge of a house or pediment. — Elmes. FASTTNG, ppr. Abstaining from food. FISTING, n. The act of abstaining from food. FaSTTNG-DIY, n. A day of fasting ; a fast-day. FAST'LY, adv. Firmly; surely. FASTNESS, n. [Sax. fastenesse.] 1. The state of being fast and firm ; firm adherence. 2. Strength ; security. 3. A strong-hold ; a fortress or fort ; a place fortified ; a castle. 4. Closeness; conciseness of style ; [obs.] FASTU-OUS. a. [L. fastuosus.] Proud ; haughty ; disdain- ful. — Barrow. FAT, a. [Sax. fat, fett.] 1. Fleshy ; plump ; corpulent. 2. Coarse; gross. — Dryden. 3. Dull; heavy; stupid; un- teachable. -Isa., vi., 10. 4. Rich; wealthy; affluent. — South. 5. Rich; producing a large income ; as, a fat sala- ry. 6. Rich ; fertile ; nourishing, as soil or pastm-e. 7. Abounding in spiritual grace and comfort. Ps. xcii. — 8. Among printers, a page having many blank spaces or lines is called fat. FAT, n. 1. An oily, concrete substance, deposited under the skin and in various other parts of animal bodies. 2. Figuratively, the best or richest productions ; as, to live on the fat of the land. AT, v. t. To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with abundant food. FAT, v. i. To grow fat, plump, and fleshy. FAT, 1 n. [Sax. fat, fat, fet ; D. vat.] A large tub, cistern, or VAT, 5 vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers, to run their wort in ; by tanners, for holding their bark and hides, &c. FAT, n. A measure of capacity, differing in different com- modities. FAT'-BRAlN^D, a. Dull of apprehension.— Shak. FAT-KID-NEYJ5D, o. Fat ; gross.— Shak. [Used in con- tempt.] FAT'-WIT-TED, a. Heavy ; dull ; stupid.— Shak. Fa'TAL, a. [L. fatal is.] 1. Proceeding from fate or destiny ; necessary ; inevitable ; [little used.] 2. Appointed by late or destiny ; [little used.] 3. Causing dea'th or destruction ; deadly ; murtal, as a disease. 4. Destructive ; calamitous, as ail event. Fi'TAL-ISM. n. The doctrine that all things are'subject to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity. Fl TAL-IST, n. One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity.— Watts. f A-TAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. fatalite.] 1. A fixed, unalterable course of things, independent of God or any controlling cause ; an invincible necessity existing in things themselves ; a doctrine of the Stoics. 2. Decree of fate. 3. Tendency to danger, or to some great or hazardous event.— Brown. 4. Mortality. FITAL-L Y adv. I. By a decree of fate or destiny ; by in- evitable necessity or determination. — Bentley. 2. Mortal- ly ; destructively ; in death or ruin. Fa'TAL NESS. n. Invincible necessity. F/i'TA MOU-GA'NA, n. [It.] An optical illusion at Recgio, on the Straits of Messina, in Italy, in which, by atmospher- ic refraction, multiplied images of objects on the coast around appear in the air over the sea. — Brande. FaTE, n. [L. fatum.] 1. Primarily, a decree or word pro- nounced by God. Hence, inevitable necessity ; destiny depending on a superior cause, and uncontrollable. 2. Event predetermined ; as, disappointment is our fate. 3. Final event ; death ; destruction. — Pope. 4. Cause of death ; as, feathered fates, i. e., arrows. Dryden. — Syn. _Destiny; doom; lot; fortune; chance. FaTED, a. 1. Decreed by fate ; doomed ; destined. 2. Modeled or regulated by fate. 3. Endued with any qual- ity by fate. 4. Invested with the power of fatal determi- nation. [The last two senses are hardly legitimate.] FITE'FUL, a. Bearing fatal power ; producing fatal events. — J. Barlow. FaTE'FUL-LY, adv. In a fateful manner. FaTE'FUL-NESS, n. State of being fateful. FaTES, n. pi In mythology, the destinies or parca ; god- desses supposed to preside over the birth and life of men. They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropoa. FATHER, n. [Sax. fader, feder ; Ger. vater ; D. vader ; Ice., Sw., and Dsn. fader ; Gr. irarnp ; L. pater.] 1. He who begets a child. 2. The fxst ancestor ; the progenitor of a race or family. 3. The appellation of an old man, and a term of respect. 4. The grand-father, or more remote ancestor. 5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises paternal care over another. 6. He who creates, invents, makes, or composes any thing; the author, former, or contriver; a founder, director, or instructor. God, as Creator, is the Father of all men. 7. A father-in-law. 8. The appellation of the first person in the adorable Trinity. 9. The title given to dignitaries of the Church, superiors of convents, and to Roman Catholic confessors. — 10. Fa- thers, in the plural, ancestors. 11. The appellation of the ecclesiastical writers of the first centuries, as Pol ii -nip, Jerome, &c. 12. The title of the senators in ancient Rome ; as, conscript fathers. Adoptive father, he who adopts the children of another, and acknowledges them as his own. — Natural father, the father of illegitimate children. — Putative father, one who is only reputed to be the father ; the supposed father. FATHER, v. t. 1. To adopt ; to take the child of another as one's own. 2. To adopt any thing as one's own ; to profess to be the author. 3. To ascribe or charge to one as his offspring or production : with on. FATHER-IN-LAW, n. The father of one's husband or wife. FATHER-LAND, n. The native land of one's fathers or ancestors. FATHERED, pp. 1. Adopted; taken as one's own; aa- cribed to one as the author. 2. Having had a father of particular qualities ; [unusual.] FATHER-HOOD, n. The state of being a father, or the character or authority of a father. FATHER-IN G, ppr. Adopting ; taking or acknowledging as one's own ; ascribing to the father or author. FATHER LA SH-ER,'ra. A small salt-water fish, allied to the river bull-head. FATHER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2. With- out a known author. Fa'THER-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a fa* ther. FATHER-LI-NESS, n. The qualities of a father ; parental kindness, cai'e, and tenderness. FATHER-LY, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care ; tender ; paternal ; protecting ; careful. 2. Per taining to a father. FATHER-LY, adv. In the manner of a father. [Not proper."] FATHER-SHIP, n. The state of being a father. FATH'OM, n. [Sax. fathem.] 1. A measure of length, con taining six feet, the space to which a man may extend hia arms. 2. Reach ; penetration ; depth of thought or con- trivance. — Shak. FATH'OM, v. t. 1. To encompass with the arms extended or encircling. 2. To reach ; to master ; to comprehend. 3. To reach in depth ; to sound ; to try the depth. 4. To penetrate ; to find the bottom or extent. FATH'OM-A-BLE, Diet. FATHOMED, pp. comprehended. FATH'OM-ER, n. a. Capable of being fathomeu. — Rick. Encompassed with the arms ; reached reach- One who fathoms. FATH'OM-ING, ppr. Encompassing with the arms ; ing; comprehending; sounding; penetrating. FATH'OM-LESS, a. 1. That of which no bottom can be found ; bottomless. 2. That can not be embraced or en- compassed with the arms. 3. Not to be penetrated o; comprehended. FA-TID'I€-AL, a. [L. fatidicus.] Having power to loretel. future events ; prophetic. FA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fatifer.] Deadly ; mort-J , destine, tive. — Diet. FATI-GA-BLE, a. That may be wearied; eashy tired. FATI-GaTE, v. t. [L. fatigo.] To weary; to tire. [TH usual.} -See Synopsis. A, E. I. &c. long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— MoV-Tv ? QQK, FAU 395 FAW F ATI-GATE, a. Wearied ; tired. \ Little used.] FAT-I-GI'TION, n. Weariness.— W. Montagu. FA-TIGUE' (fa-teegO, n. [Fr.] 1. Weariness with bodily- labor or mental exertion ; lassitude or exhaustion of strength. 2. The cause of weariness ; labor ; toil ; as, to endure fatigues. 3. The labors o' military men, distinct fiom the use ol arms. FA-Ti'GUE' (fa-te»gO, *■ *• [L./a^c] h To tire ; to weary with labor or •ny bodily or mental exertion; to harass with toil ; to exaaust the strength by severe or long-con- tinued exertion. 2. To weary by importunity ; to harass. FA-Ti'GUED (fa-teegd'), pp. or a. Wearied; tired; har- FA-TiGUTNG (fa-teeg/ing), ppr. 1. Tiring ; wearying ; har- assing. 2. a. Inducing weariness or lassitude. FA-TIL'O-QUIST, n. [L. fatum and loquor.] A fortune- teller. FA-TIS'CENCE, n. [L. fatisco.] A gaping or opening ; a state of being chinky. FAT'LING, n. A lamb, kid, or other young animal fattened for slaughter ; a fat animal. FATLY, adv. Grossly ; greasily. FATNER, n. That which fattens, or gives fatness. FATNESS, n. 1. The quality of being fat, plump, or full- fed ; corpulency ; fullness of flesh. 2. Unctuous or greasy matter. 3. Unctuousness ; sliminess ; [applied to the earth:] hence, richness ; fertility ; fruitfulness. 4. That which gives fertility. — Philips. 5. The privileges and pleasures of religion ; abundant blessings. — Isa., lv. FATTED, pp. or a. Made fat. FATTEN (fatftn), v. t. 1. To make fat; to feed for slaugh- ter ; to make fleshy or plump with fat. 2. To make fer- tile and fruitful ; to enrich. 3. To feed grossly; to fill. — Dryden. FATTEN (faftn), v. i. To grow fat or corpulent ; to grow plump, thick, or fleshy ; to be pampered. FATT.E N£ D (fat'tnd), pp. or a. Made fat, plump, or fleshy. FATTEN-ER, n. See Fatner. FATTEN-ING (fat'tn-ing), ppr. Making fat; growing fat; making or growing rich and fruitful. FATTI-NESS, n. The state of being fat ; grossness. FATTING, ppr. Making fat. FATT1SH, a. Somewhat fat.— Slierwood. FATTY, a. Having the qualities of fat ; greasy. FA-TO'I-TY, n. [L. fatuitas.] Weakness or imbecility of mind ; feebleness of intellect ; foolishness. FATU-OUS, a. [L. fatuus.] 1. Feeble in mind ; weak ; sil- ly ; stupid ; foolish. 2. Impotent ; without force or fire ; illusory ; alluding to the ignis fatuus. FA TJ'Bo URG (fo"ooorg), n. [Fr.] A suburb in French cities. The name is also given to districts now within the city, but which were formerly suburbs without it, when the walls were less extensive. FAU'CeS, n.pl. [L.] The posterior part of the mouth, ter- minated by the pharynx and larynx. — Brande. FAU'CET, ?i. [Fr. fausset.] A pipe, to be inserted in a cask, for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spigot. FAU'CHION. See Falchion. FAU'FEL, n. [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species of the palm-tree. FAUGH (faw). An exclamation of contempt or abhorrence. FAULT, n. [Fr. faute.] 1. Whatever impairs excellence ; [applied to things.'] — 2. In morals or deportment, any devia- tion from propriety ; a slight offense ; a neglect of duty or propriety. 3. Deficiency ; want ; absence 'obs. See De- fault.] 4. Puzzle ; difficulty ; as, to be at" fault. — 5. In mining, a disturbance of the strata, which interrupts the miner's operations, and puts him at fault, to discover where the vein of ore or bed of coal has been thrown by the convulsions of nature. Ure. — To find fault, to express blame ; to complain. — To find fault with, to blame ; to cen- sure. — Syn. Error ; blemish ; defect ; imperfection ; weak- ness; blunder; failing; vice. t FAULT, v. i. To fail; to be wrong. — Spenser. FAULT, v.t. To charge with a fault ; to accuse. FAULT-FlND-ER., n. One who censures or objects. FAULTED, pp. Charged with a fault ; accused. F^ULTER, n. An offender; one who commits a fault. FAU LT'F U L, a. Full of faults or sins.—- Shak. FAULTI-LY, adv. Defectively; erroneously; imperfectly; improperly ; wronglv. FAULTI-NESS, n. 1." The state of being faulty, defective, or erroneous ; defect. 2. Badness ; viciousness ; evil dis- position. 3. Delinquency ; actual offenses. — Hooker. FAULTING, ppr. Accusing. FAULTLESS, a. 1. Without fault ; not defective or imper- ii st ; free from blemish : free from incorrectness ; per- fect. 2. Free from vice or imperfection. £AULTLE3S-LY, adv. Without being guilty of a fault. FAULTLESS-NESS. n. Freedom from faults or defects. FAULTY, a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes, or defects ; defective ; imperfect. 2. Guilty of a fault or of faults ; hence, H«™Rble ; worthy of censure. 3. Wrong; erro- neous ; as, a faulty polity. — Hooket . v. Defective ; imps* feet; bad; as. a faulty helmet. — Bacjn. FAUN, n. [L. faunus.] Among the Romans, a kind of dent god, or rural deity ; called, also, sylvan. FAU'NA, n. [from the L. Fauni, or rural deities among th. Romans.] The various animals belonging to a eou#trY constitute its fauna.- Lyeil. FAUNTST, n. One who attends to rural disquisition* a naturalist. — White. FAU'SiSN, n. A large eel. — Chapman. FAUSSE'-BRAYE (foshra), n. [Fr.] A small mound of earth thrown up about a rampart. FAU-TEUIL' Cfo-teul'), n. [Fr.] An arm-chair; an easy- chair. FAU'TOR, n. [L.] A favorer ; a patron ; one who give« countenance or support. [Little used.] FAU'TRESS, n. A female favorer ; a patroness. FAUX PaS (fo'pa'). [Fr.] A false step ; a mistake. FA-VIL'LOUS, a. [L. favilla.] 1. Consisting of or pertain- ing to ashes. 2. Resembling ashes. Fa'VOR, n. [L. favor ; Fr. faveur.] 1. Kind regard ; propi- tious aspect; friendly disposition. 2. A disposition to aid, befriend, support, promote, or justify ; as, to be in favor of a person or measure. 3. A kind act or office ; benevo- lence shown by word or deed ; any act of grace or good will. 4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment. 5. Leave ; good will ; a yielding or concession to another ; pardon. 6. Tie object of kind regard ; the person or thing favored. — Milton. 7. Something bestowed as an evidence of good will; a token of love ; a knot of ribbons ; something worn as a token of affection. — A marriage favor, is a bunch or knot of white ribbons, or white flowers, worn at wed- dings. 8. A feature ; countenance ; [not used.] 9. Advan- tage; convenience afforded for success; as, to approach under favor of the night. 10. Partiality; bias. — A chal- lenge to the favor, in law, is the challenge of a juror on ac- count of some supposed partiality. — Syn. Kindness ; coun- tenance ; patronage ; defense ; vindication ; support ; be- half; lenity; grace; gift, present; benefit. Fi'VOR, v. t. 1. To regard with kindness ; to support ; to aid cr have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to ; to be propitious to ; to countenance ; to befriend ; to en- courage. 2. To afford advantages for success ; to facili- tate. 3. To resemble in features. 4. To ease ; to spare. Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. [L. favorabilis ; Fr., Sp. favorable ; It. favorahile, or favorevole.] 1. Kind; gracious; auspicious, propitious ; friendly ; affectionate. 2. Palliative ; tender , averse to censure. 3. Conducive to : contributing to ; tending to promote ; as, favorable to health. 4. Conven- ient ; advantageous ; affording means to facilitate, or af- fording facilities ; as, favorable for manufacturing. 5. Beau- tiful ; well-favored ; [obs.] FI'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Kindness ; kind disposition or regard. 2. Convenience ; suitableness ; that state which affords advantages for success ; conduciveness. FI'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; with friendly dispositions ; with regard or affection ; with an inclination to favor. Fa'VORED, pp. 1. Countenanced ; supported ; aided ; sup- plied with advantages; eased; spared. 2. a. Regarded with kindness. 3. With well or ill prefixed, featured ; as, ■well-favored, ill-favored. — Well-favoredly, with a good ap- pearance ; [little used.] Ill-favoredly, with a bad appear- ance ; [little zised.] Fa'VOR-jEJD-NESS, n. Appearance.— Dent. Fa'VOR-ER, n. One who favors ; one who regards with kindness or friendship ; a well-wisher, t Fa'VOR-ESS, n. A female who countenances or favors. FI'VOR-ING, ppr. or a. Regarding with friendly disposi- tions ; countenancing > wishing well to ; facilitating. FX'VOR-ING-LY, adv. By favoring. Fa'VOR-ITE, n. [Fr. favori, favorite.] A person or thing regarded with peculiar favor, preference, and affection ; one greatly beloved. Fa'VOR-ITE, a. Regarded with particular kindness, affec- tion, esteem, or preference. Fa'VOR -IT-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of favoring. 9. The disposition to favor one or more persons, or classes, to the neglect of others having equal claims. — Paley. 3. Exercise of power by favorites. — Burke. Fa'VOR-LESS, a. 1. Unfavored; not regarded with favor. 2. Not favoring ; unpropitious. — Spenser. FA-V5SE', a. Honey-combed ; like the section of a honey- comb.— Lindley. FAVO-SlTE, n. [L. favus.] A name given to certain fossii corals, having a minute prismatic structure. FAWN, n. [Fr.faon.] A young deer ; a buck or doe of the first year. FAWN,?;.?. [Fr. faonner.] To bring forth a fawn. FAWN, v. i. [Sax. fagevian.] 1. To court favor or show attachment to by frisking about one, as a dog. 2. To soothe ; to flatter meanly ; to blandish ; to court servilely ; to cringe and bow to gain favor. It is followed by on ox upon. DoVE -BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as Z ; ell as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoU FEA 396 FEC PAWN, n A ser Ac cringe or bow ; mean flattery. FAWN'EK n. One who fawns ; one who cringes and flat- ters meanly. . FAWNING, ppr or a. Courting servilely ; flattering by cringing and meanness ; bringing forth a fawn. FAWN'ING, n. Gross flattery.— S/iak. FAWN'ING-LY. adv. In a crinaing, servile way ; with mean flattery. f FAXED (faxt), a. [Sax. /eaz.] Hairy.— Camden. FlY,n. [Ft. fee.] A fairy; an elf.— Pope. FIY, n. Faith ; as, "by my fay."— Shah. FiY, v. t. f Sax fcegan.] To fit ; to suit ; to unite closely with. [Not elegant.] See Fadge. FAZ-ZO-LET' (fat-so-letf), n. [It.] A handkerchief.— Perciv. t FeA'BER-R Y, 7i. A gooseberry.— Did. f FeAGUE (feeg), v. t. [G.fegen.] To beat or whip. Fe'AL, a. Faithful. FE AL, v. t. [Icel. fel.] To hide ; to conceal. [North of Engl.] * FEAL-TY, n. [Fr. feal ; It. fedelta.] Fidelity to a lord ; a faithful adherence of a tenant or vassal to the superior of whom he holds his lands ; loyalty. FeAR, n. 1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an expectation of evil or the apprehension of impending dan- ger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and dread less than terror and fright. 2. Anxiety ; solicitude. 3. The cause of fear. — Shah. 4. The "bject }f fear. — Gen., xxxi., 42. 5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by its color or noise. — 6. la Saipture, fear is used to express a. filial or a slavish passion. 7. The worship of God. 8. The law and word of God. 9. Reverence ; re- spect ; due regard. FIAR, v. t. [Sax. fceran, afaran.] 1. To feel a painful ap- prehension of some impending evil ; to be afraid of ; to consider or expect with emotions of alarm or solicitude. 2. To have a reverential awe of. 3. To affright ; to terri- fy ; to drive away by fear ; [obs.] — Syn\ To" apprehend ; _dread ; reverence ; venerate. FE AR, v. i. To be in apprehension of evil ; to be afraid ; to feel anxiety on account of some expected evil. tFEAR, it. [Sax. fera, gefera.] A companion. See Peer. FeARSD (feerd), pp. Apprehended or expected with pain- ful solicitude ; reverenced *FeAR'FUL, a. 1. Affected by fear; feeling pain in ex- pectation of evil; as, fearful of death. 2. Wanting cour- age. 3. Impressing fear ; as, & fearful death. 4. Impress- ing awe ; to be reverenced. Deut., xxviii., 58. — Syn. Ap- prehensive ; afraid; timid; timorous; horrible; distress- ing ; shocking ; frightful ; dreadful ; awful ; terrible. * FeAR'FTJL-LY, adv. 1. Timorously; in fear. 2. In a manner to impress terror. 3. In a manner to impress ad- miration and astonishment. *FeAR'FUL-NES3, n. 1. Amorousness ; timidity. 2. State of being afraid ; awe ; dread. 3. Terror ; alarm ; appre- hension of eviL FeAR'LESS, a. 1. Free from fear ; as, fearless of evil. 2. Full of courage ; as, a fearless soldier. — Syn. Bold ; daring ; courageous ; intrepid ; valorous ; valiant ; brave ; undaunt- ed; dauntless; heroic. FeAR'LESS-LY, adv. Without fear ; in a bold or coura- geous manner ; intrepidly. FeAR'LESS-NESS, ». Freedom from fear ; courage ; bold- ness ; intrepidity. FeAR'NAUGHT (feerinawt), n. A woolen cloth of great thickness ; dreadnaught. FE AS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of execu- tion: nracticability. FeAS'I-BLE (fez'e-bl), a. [Fr. faisable.] 1. That may be done, performed, executed, or effected; practicable. 2. That may be used or tilled, as land.— B. Trumbull. FeAS'I-BLE, 7*. That which is practicable ; that which can be performed by human means. FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Feasibility; practicability. FeAS'I-BLY, adv. Practicably. Fe AST, n. [L. festum ; Fr. fete.] 1. A sumptuous repast, of which a number of guests partake. 2. A rich or delicious repast or meal ; something delicious to the palate. 3. A ceremony of feasting ; an anniversary, periodical, or stated celebration of some event. 4. Something delicious and entertaining to the mind or soul. 5. That which delights and entertains.— In the English Church, immovable feasts occur on the same day of every year ; movable feasts oc- cur on different days in different years. — Syn. Entertain- ment; regale; banquet; treat; carousal: festivity; festival. Ff AST, v. i. 1. To eat sumptuously ; to dine or sup on rich provisions.— Job, i. 2. To be highly gratified or delighted. FEAST, v. t. 1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions ■ to treat at the table magnificently. 2. To delight ; to pam- per ; to gratify .uxuriously. FEASTED, pp. or a. Entertained sumptuously ; delighted. FeASTEK, n. 1. One who fares deliciously. 2. One who entertains magnificently. — Johnson. FEASTTUL, a. 1. Festive; joyful.— Milton. 2. Sumptu- ous; luxurious. — Pope. FeASTFUL-LY, adv. In a luxurious manner; festively FEASTING, ppr. I. Eating luxuriously. 2. Delighting, gratifying. 3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table. FEASTING, n. The act of eating luxuriously ; a feast. FeASTRiTE, n. Custom observed in entertainments. FE AT, n. [Fr. fait.] 1. An act ; a deed ; an exploit ; achieve- ment; as, feats in war. — 2. In a subordinate sense, any ex- traordinary act of strength, skill, or cunning. tFEAT, a. Ready; skillful; ingenious. — Shah. t FEAT, v. t. To form ; to fashion.— Shak. t FeATE-OUS, a. Neat; dextrous. f FeATE-OUS-LY, adv. Neatly; dextrously FeATH'ER, ii. [SaJLf ether; G.feder.] 1. A plume; a gen- eral name of the covering of birds. 2. Kind ; nature • spe- cies ; from the proverbial phrase, " birds of a feather ;" [unusual.] 3. An ornament ; an empty title. — 4. On a horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair, in shape re- sembling the tip of an ear of wheat. — A feather in the cap is an honor or mark of distinction. — To be in high feather, to appear in high spirits and health, like birds when their plumage is full after molting. — To show the white feather, to give indications of cowardice; a phrase borrowed from the cockpit, where a white feather in a cock's tail is con- sidered a token of weakness and cowardice. — Grose. FeATH'ER, v. t. 1. To dress in feathers ; to fit with feath- ers, or to cover with feathers. 2. To cover with foliage in a feathery manner. — Sir W. Scott. 3. To tread, as a cock. 4. To enrich; to adorn; to exalt. Bacon. — Ta feather one's nest, to collect wealth, particularly from emol- uments derived from agencies for others. FEATHER-BED, n. A bed filled with feathers • a soft bed. Fe ATH'ER-BoARDTNG, n. A covering of boards, in which .the edge of one board overlaps another, like the feathers of a bird. — Loudon. FEATH'ER-DRlV'ER, n. One who beats feathers to make them light or loose. Fe AIH'ER-EDgE, n. A term used in reference to a board that has one edge thinner than the other, like a feather. FEATHER-EDG.ED, a. Having one edge thinner than the other. FEATHER-FEW. A corruption of fever-few. FeATH'ER-GRaSS, n. A species of grass distinguished by its feathered beard. — Loudon. FEATH'ER-SELL'ER, n. One who sells feathers for beds. FEATHERED, pp. I. Covered with feathers; enriched. 2. a. Clothed or covered with feathers. 3. Fitted or fur- nished with feathers, as an arrow. 4. Smoothed, like down or feathers. — Scott. 5. Covered with things grow- ing from the substance. — Coze. FEATH'ER-ING. ppr. Covering with.feathers. FEATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged. t FE ATH'ER-LY, a. Resembling feathers.— Brown. " FeATH'ER- Y, a. 1. Clothed or covered with feathers.— Milton. 2. Having the appearance of feathers. FeATLY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; adroitly. [Little usea.] FEATNESS. n. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skillfulness. [Rare.] FEATURE, n. [Norm, faiture.] 1. The make, form, or cast of any part of the face ; any single lineament. 2. The make or cast of the face. 3. The fashion ; the make ; the whole turn or cast of the body. 4. The make or form of any part of the surface of a thing ; as, the features of the country. 5. Lineament ; outline ; prominent parts, as of a bill or law. FEATURED, a. Having features or good features. FeATURE-LESS, a. Having no distinct features. FeAZE, v. t. To untwist the" end of a rope. FEAZ.ED (feez&),pp. Untwisted. FeAZ'ING. ppr. Untwisting. FE-BRICU-LA n, [L.] A slight fever. t FE-BRICU-L5SE. a. Affected with slight fever.— Dta FE-BRI€-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Feverishness. FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, a. Causing fever.— Pekoes. FEBTvI-Fa-CIENT, n. That which produces fever. FE-BRIF1C, a. [L. febr is and facio.] Producing fever, fe verish. FEB-RI-Fu'GAL, a. [Infra.] Having the quality of mitiga- ting or curing fever.— Lindley. [Not used by physicians.} FEB'RI-FUgE, n. [L. febris and fugo.] Any medicine that mitigates or removes fever. FEBTJ-FUgE, a. Having the quality of mitigating or sub- duing fever; antifebrile. — Arbuthnot. * FE'BRlLE or FEB'RILE, a. [Fr. ; L. febr His.] Pertaining to fever ; indicating fever, or derived from it. FEB'RU-A-RY, n. [L~ Februarius.] The name rf the second month in the year. FEB-RU-A'TION, n. Purification. -Spenser. Fe'CAL, a. Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sedi- ment, or excrement. Fe'CeS, n. pi. [L. feces.] 1. Dregs; lees; sediment; tiw matter which subsides in casks jf liquor. 2. t^cTemr-jxu FE'CIAL (f e'shal), a. [L. fecialis.] Pertaining to heralds and the denunciation of war to an enemy - Kent. Fe'CIT, n. [Lat., he made.] ' A word ^ascribed oy audits See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— A, E, 1, &c. ; short —FIR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARYW2, BiRD ;— M8 ^ 4$A 7 ~K FEE 397 FE1 Biter ttinir names on a work, to denote the designer ; as, Guide J ecit. tF£€K'LESS. a. Spiritless ; feeble ; weak ; perhaps a cor- ruption of effectless. [Scottish.] FECU-LA, n. 1. The green matter of plants; chlorophyl. — Tire. 2. Starch of farina; called, also, amylaceous fecula. FEC'U-LENCE, \n. [L. fmculentia.] 1. Muddiness; foul- FEC'U-LEN-C Y, J ness ; the quality of being foul. 2. Lees ; sediment ; dregs ; or, rather, the substances mixed with liquor or floating in it, which, when lying separate at the bottom, are called lees, &c. FECU-LENT, a. Foul, or abounding with extraneous or impure substances ; muddy ; thick ; turbid. * FJE'€UND, a. [L. fcecund us.] Fruitful in children ; prolific. — Graunt. * FE'CUN-DITE, v. t. 1. To make fruitful or prolific. 2. To impregnate. ■ Fe'€UN-Da-TED, pp. Rendered prolific or fruitful * Fe'CUN-Da-TING, ppr. or a. Rendering fruitful. FE-GUN-D a'TION, n. The act of making fruitful or prolific ; impregnation. FE-€UND'I-Fy,^£. To make fruitful ; to fecundate. [Rare.] FE-€UND'I-TY, n. [L. fcecunditas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the quality of producing fruit ; particularly, the quality in fe- male animals of producing young in great numbers. 2. The power of producing or bringing forth. — Ray. 3. Fer- tility ; the power of bringing forth in abundance ; richness of invention. FED, pret. and pp. of feed, which see. FED'ER-AL, a. [L.fwdus.] 1. Pertaining to a league or contract ; derived from an agreement or covenant. — Grew. 2. Consisting in a compact between parties, chiefly be- tween states or nations ; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement 3. Friendly to the Constitution of the United States. See the Noun. FED'EPl-AL, \ n. An appellation, in America, given to FED'ER-AL-IST, j the friends of the Constitution of the United States, at its formation and adoption, and to the political party which favored the administration of Presi- dent Washington. FED'ER-AL-ISM, n. The principles of the federalists. FED'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. or i. To unite in compact, as differ- ent states ; to confederate for political purposes. — Barlow. FED'ER-AL-IZSD, pp. United in compact. FED'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Confederating. tFED'ER-A-RY, \n. A partner; a confederate ; an accom- tFED'A-RY, 5 plice.— Shak. FEDTER-ATE, a. [L. fozderatus.] Leagued ; united by com- pact, as sovereignties, states, or nations ; joined in confed- eracy. FED-ER- a'TION, n. 1. The act of uniting in a league. 2. A league ; a confederacy. — Burke. FED'ER-A-TlVE, a. Uniting ; joining in a league ; forming a confederacy. FED'I-TY, n. [L.fceditas.] Turpitude; vileness. FEE, n. [Sax. feo, feoh.] A reward or compensation for services ; recompense, either gratuitous or established .by law, particularly, for professional services ; as, a lawyer's v T EE, n. [a contraction of feud or fief.] Primarily, a loan -of land, an estate in trust, granted by a princeor lord, to be held by the grantee on condition of personal service, or other condition ; and if the grantee or tenant failed to per- form the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or do- nor, called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. A fee, then, is any land or tenement held of a superior on certain conditions. It is synonymous with fief and feted. — In the United States, an estate in fee or fee-simple is what is called in English law an allodial estate an estate held by a person in his own right, and descendible to the heirs in FEE, v. t. 1. To pay a fee to ; to reward. Hence, 2. To en- gage in one's service by advancing a fee or sum of money to, as a lawyer. 3. To hire ; to bribe. — Shak. 4. To keep in hire. — Shak. FEE'-FXRM, n. A kind of tenure of estates without hom- age, fealty, or other service, except that mentioned in the fee anient, which is usually the full rent ^EE'-SIM'PLE. See Fee. FEE-TIIL, n. An estate entailed ; a conditional fee. .'EE'BLE, a. [Ft. foible; Sp.feble.] 1. Weak; destitute of much physical strength, as infants. 2. Infirm ; sickly ; de- bilitated by disease. 3. Debilitated by age or decline of life. 4. Not full or loud, as a sound. 5. Wanting force or vigor, as attempts. 6. Not bright or strong ; faint ; imper- fect as light. 7. Not strong or vigorous, "as mental pow- era. 8. Not vehement or rapid ; slow ; as, feeble motion. FEE'BLE, v. t. To weaken.— See Enfeeble. FEF/BLE-MlND'ED, a. Weak in mind ; wanting firmness or constancy ; irresolute. FEERLE-MiND'ED-NESS, n. State of having a feeble mind. FEE'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Weakness of body or mind from any cause ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of strength, phys- ical or intellectual. 2. Want of tidiness or loi>Aess. 8 Want of vigor or force. 4. Defect of brightness FEEBLY, adv. Weakly ; without strengtn. FEED, v. t. ; pret. and pp. fed. [Sax. fedan.] 1. To give foo* to. 2. To supply with provisions. 3. To supply : to fur. nish with any thing of which there is constant consump- tion, waste, or use ; as, to feed a stream with water. 4 To graze ; to cause to be cropped by feeding, as herbage by cattle. 5. To nourish ; to cherish ; to suppiy with nu- triment ; as, to feed desires. 6. To keep in hope or ex- pectation. 7. To supply with fuel. 8. To delight ; to sup. ply with something desirable ; to entertain ; as, to feed th« eye. — Bacon. 9. To give food or fodder for fattening ; tt fatten. 10. To supply with food, and to lead, guard, and protect ; [a Scriptural se?ise.] FEED, v. i. 1. To take food ; to eat. 2. To subsist by eat- ing ; to prey. 3. To pasture ; to graze ; to place cattle to feed. 4. To grow fat. — Johnson. FEED, 72. 1. That which is eaten ; provender ; foddor • pasture ; [applied to the food of beasts.] 2. A certain por. tion or allowance of provender given to a horse, cow, (Se- as, a feed of corn. 3. A meal or act of eating.— Milton. FEED, pp^ or a. Retained by a fee. FEED'-PiPE, n. A pipe which feeds or supplies the boiler of a steam-engine, &c, with water. — Hebert. FEED'ER, n. 1. One who gives food or supplies nourish- ment. 2. One who furnishes incentives ; an encourager. 3. One who eats or subsists. 4. One who fattens cattle for slaughter ; [ U. States.] 5. A fountain, stream, or channel that supplies a main canal with water. — Feeder of a vein, in mining, a short cross vein. — Cyc. FEEDING, ppr. Giving food or nutriment ; furnishing pro- visions ; eating; taking food or nourishment; grazing; nourishing ; supplying. FEEDING, n. 1. The act of eating. 2. That which is eat- en ; pasture. — Drayton. FEEING, ppr. Retaining by a fee. FEEL, v. t. ; pret and pp. felt. [Sax. felan, fedan, gefelan.] 1. To perceive by the touch ; to have sensatio excited by contact of a thing with the body or limbs. 2^,?o have the sense of; to suffer or enjoy. 3. To experience ; to suffer. 4. To be affected by ; to perceive mental? .' 5. To know ; to be acquainted with ; to have a real andlust view of. 6L To touch ; to handle ; with or without o/.-^fo feel, or to feel out, is to try ; to sound ; to search for ; to explore.— To feel after, to search for ; to seek to find. FEEL, v. i. 1. To have perception by the touch. 2. To have the sensibility or the passions moved or excited. 3. To give perception ; to excite sensation. 4. To have per ception mentally ; as, to feel hurt. FEEL, n. 1. The sense of feeling. 2. The perception caused by the touch ; as, a greasy feel. FEEL'ER, n. 1. One who feels. 2. A term applied to cer- tain organs, called palpi, situated near the mouths of in- sects, and used in searching for food. It is also applied to the antenna of insects and mollusks. — 3. Figuratively, an observation, remark, &c, put forth or thrown out, as if casually, in order to ascertain the views of others. FEELTNG, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the touch ; having per- ception. 2. a. Expressive of great sensibility ; affecting ; tending to excite the passions. 3. Possessing great sensi- bility; easily affected or moved. 4. Sensibly or deeply affected; as, & feeling sense of favors. — Southerne. FEELING, n. 1. The sense of touch ; one of the five sens- es. 2. Sensation ; the effect of perception. 3. Faculty or power of perception ; sensibility ; susceptibility. 4. Nice sensibility. 5. Excitement; emotion. FEEL'ING-LY, adv. 1. With expression of great sensibility tenderly. 2. So as to be sensibly felt. — Shak. t FEESE, to. A race.— Barret. FEPIT, n. ; pi. of foot. See Foot. FEETLESS, a. Destitute of feet FEIGN (fane), v. t. [Ft. feindre.] 1. To invent or imagine; to form an idea or conception of something not real. 2. To make a show of; to pretend ; to assume a false appear- ance ; to counterfeit 3. To represent falsely ; to pretend; to form arr! relate a fictitious tale. 4. To dissemble ; to conceal; [obs.] FEIGN (fane), v. i. To relate falsely ; to image from the in vention. — Shak. FEIGN.ED, pp. or a. Invented ; imagined ; assumed. FEIGN'ED-LY, adu. In fiction ; in pretense ; not really FEIGN'ED-NESS, n. Fiction ; pretense ; deceit. FEIGN'ER, n. One who feigns ; a deviser of fiction. FEIGNING (failing), ppr. Imagining ; inventing , pretend- ing ; making a false show. FEIGNING, n. A false appearance ; artful contrivance ; de- ception. FEIGN'ING-LY, adv. With false appearance FEINT (fante), n. [Ft. feinte.] 1. An assumed or false appear- ance; a pretense of doing something not intended to be done. 2. A mock attack ; an appearance of aiming at one part when another is i?itended to be struck. — Prior. — Encyc. P6VE ;— BJJL L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete FEL 398 FEM fFLINT pf FEL'AN*«-E. FELD'SPiR, )n FEL'SPaR, I FELD'SPATH, ? Feigned; counterfeit; seeming. — Locke. tSee Filandehs.] — Ainsworth. [G. feld and spar.] A mineral occur- ring in crystals and crystalline masses, somewhat vitreous in lustre, and break- FEL'SPATH, J ing rather easily in two directions with smooth surfaces. Its color is usually white or flesh-red, sometimes bluish or greenish. It consists of silica, alu- mina, and potash. Feldspar is a constituent part of gran- ite, gneiss, mica slate, porphyry, and most volcanic rocks. — Dana. FELD-SPATH1C, la. Pertaining to feldspar ; consisting FELD-SPATH'oSE, J of feldspar. FE-LIC'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. feliciter.] 1. To make very hap- py. 2. To congratulate ; to express joy or pleasure to ; to compliment FE-LIC'I-TATE, a. Made very happy.— Shak. FE-LIC'1-Ta-TED. pp. Made very happy ; congratulated. FE-LIC'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Making very happy ; congratu- lating. FE-LIC-I-Ta'TION, ti. Congratulation.— Diet. FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Very happy ; prosperous ; delightful. FE-LICI-TOUS-LY, adv. Happily.— Diet. FE-LICI-TOUS-NESS, n. State of being very happy. FE-LIC'I-TY, n, [L. felicitas.] 1. Happiness, or, rather, great happiness ; appropriately, the joys of heaven. 2. Pros- perity ; blessing ; enjoyment of good. — Syn. Bliss ; beati- tude ; blessedness ; blissfulness. Fe'LTNE, a. [L. felinus.] Pertaining to cats or to their spe- cies ; like a cat. FELL, pret. of fall. FELL, a. [Sax., fell.] 1. Cruel; barbarous; inhuman. 2. Fierce ; savage ; ravenous ; bloody. — Pope. F 2LL, n. [Sax. fell.] A skin of a beast. FELL, n. [G.fels.] 1. A barren or stony hill; [local] 2. A field. — Drayton. fFELL, n. [Sax./eZZe.] Anger; melancholiness. — Spenser. FELL, v. t. [D.. vellen ; G. fallen.] To cause to fall ; to pros- trate ; tt? 'ling to the ground by cutting or striking. FELL'-Mc^.^GER. (-mung'ger), n. A dealer in hides. FELLED ($§3), pp. Knocked or cut down. FELL'ER, n. Idae who hews or knocks down. FEL-LIF'LU-OlJS, a. Flowing with gall.— Diet. FELLTNG,/ p ,\ Cutting or beating to the ground. FELL'NES'S, »>.-. Cruelty ; barbarity ; rage. FEL'LoE. See Felly. FEL'LoW, n. [Sax./eZaw.] 1. A companion; an associate. 2. One of the same kind. 3. An equal. — Zech., xiii., 7. 4. One of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each other. 5. One equal or like another. 6. An appella- tion of contempt ; a man without good breeding or worth ; an ignoble man • as, a mean fellow. 7. A member of a college that shares its revenues ; or a member of any in- corporated society. 8. A member of a corporation ; a trustee ; [ U. States.] FEL'LoW, v. t. To suit with ; to pair with ; to match ; [little used.] — In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, station, or employment. FEL'LoW-CITI-ZEN (-sife-zn), n. A citizen of the same state or nation. — Eph., ii. FEL'LoW-COM'MON-ER, n. 1. One who has the same right of common. — 2. In Cambridge, England, a student who commons or dines with the fellows. FEL'LoW-€OUN'CIL-OR, n. An associate in council. FEITLoW-CdUN'TRY-MAN, n. One of the same country. [This word seems unnecessary, but is sometimes used in England, and often in America. — Ed.] FELToW-CRe ATtJRE, n. One of the same race or kind. FEL'LoW-FEELTNG, n. 1. Sympathy ; a like feeling. 2. Joint interest ; [not in use.] FEL'LoW-HEIR (-ar), n. A co-heir or joint-heir ; one en- titled to a share of the same inheritance. FEL'LoW-HELP'ER, n. A co-adjutor ; one who concurs or aids in the same business. FEL'LoW-La'BOR-ER, n. One who labors in the same business or_design. FEL'LoW-LlKE, ? a. Like a companion ; companionable ; FELLoW-LY, 5 on equal terms.— Carew. FEL'LoW-MIID'EN, n. A maiden who is an associate. FEL'LoW-MEM'BER, n. A member of the same body. FELToW-MIN'IS-TER, n. One who officiates in the same ministry or calling. — Shak. FEL'LoW-PEER, n. One who has the like privileges of nobility.— Shak. ° FEL'LoW-PRIS'ON-ER (-priz'zn-er), n. One imprisoned in the same place. — Rom., xvi. "\EL'LoW-RaKE, n. An associate in vice. f EL'LoW-SCHOL'AR, n. An associate in studies. FEL'LoW-'SERV'ANT, n. One who has the same mas- ter. FEL'LoW-SoL'DIER, n One who fights under the same commander or is engaged in the same service. FEL'LoW-STREAM, n. A stream in the vicinity. FEL'LoW -STu'DENT, n. One who studies in the -same company or class with another. FEL'LoW-SUB'JECT, n. One who is subject to the same government with another. FEL'LoW-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who shares in the same evil or partakes of the same sufferings with another. FEL'LoW-TRAV'EL-ER, n. One who travels in company with another. FEL'LoW-WORK'ER (-wurk'er), n. One employed in the same occupation. FEL'LoW- WRITER, n. One who writes at the same time. — Addison. FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. 1. Companionship ; society , consort ," mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms ; familiar intercourse ; intimacy. 2. Association ; confed- eracy; combination; [unusual.] 3. Partnership; joint in- terest, as in suffering. 4. Company ; a state of being to- gether. 5. Frequency of intercourse ; familiarity. 6. Fit- ness and fondness for festive entertainments : with good prefixed. 7. Communion; intimate familiarity. — 8. In arithmetic, the rule by which profit or loss is divided among those who are to bear it, in proportion to their investments or interests in the transaction. 9. An establishment in colleges for the maintenance of a fellow. FEL'LY, adv. Cruelly ; fiercely ; barbarously. FEL'LY, n. [&&3L. failge.] The exterior part or rim of a wheel, supported by the spokes. FE'LO DE Se. [L.] In law, one who commits felony by suicide. FEL'ON, n. [Fr. felon.] 1. In law, a person who has com- mitted felony. 2. A whitlow ; a painful swelling formed in the periosteum at the end of the finger. — Syn. Criminal ; convict; malefactor; culprit. FEL'ON, a. 1. Malignant ; fierce ; malicious ; proceeding from a depraved heart. 2. Traitorous ; disloyal. FEL'ON-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus solanum. FE-Lo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Malignant; malicious; indicating or proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose ^vil- lainous ; traitorous ; perfidious. — 2. In law, proceeding from an evil heart or purpose ; done with the deliberate pur- pose to commit a crime. FE-Lo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a felonious manner; with the deliberate intention to commit a crime. t FEL'ON-OUS, a. Wicked'; felonious.— Spenser. FEL'ON- Y, n. In common law, any crime which incurs the forfeiture of lands or goods. All offenses punishable with death are felonies ; and so are some crimes not thus pun- ished, a3 suicide, homicide by chance-medley or in self defense, and petty larceny. FEL'SlTE, n. A species of compact feldspar. FEL'SPaR, n. See Feldspar. FEL-SPATH1C, a. Pertaining to, or composed of, feldspar. FELT, pret. &nd.pp. or a. from feel. FELT, n. [Sax. felt.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure with lees or size. 2. A hat made of wool. 3. Skin. FELT, v. t. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling. FELT-HAT, n. A hat made of wool. FELT-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make felt. FELTED, pp. or a. Worked into felt FELTER, v. t. To clot or meet together like felt. FELTING, n. The process of making felt FELTING, ppr. Working into felt. FE-LU€'€A, n. [It. fcluca.] A boat or vessel, with oars and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. FELW6RT, n. A plant, a species of gentian. FE'MALE, n. [Fr. femelle.] 1. Among animals, one of that sex which conceives and brings forth young. — 2. Among plants, that which produces fruit ; that which bears the pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flowers. FE'MALE, a. 1. Noting the sex which produces young ; not male. 2. Pertaining to females ; as, female delicacy. 3. Feminine ; soft ; delicate ; weak. — Female rhymes, double rhymes; [so called from the French, in which language they end in e feminine.] FS'MALE-FLOW'ER, n. In botany, a flower which is fur- nished with the pistil. FE'MALE-PLANT, n. A plant which produces female flowers. Fe'MALE-SCREW (-skrii), n. The spiral-threaded cavity into which another screw turns. — Nicholson. FEME-ebV'ERT Kfem-kuv'ert), n. [Ft.] A married FEMME-GdV'ERT $ woman, who is under covert of her baron or husband. FEME-SOLE' Hfem-sole'), 7i. [Fr.] An unmarried worn- FEMME-SoLE' > an. — Femme-sole merchant or trader, a woman who uses a trade alone, or without her husband. FEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The female nature.— Brown t FEM'I-NATE, a. Feminine.— Ford. FEM'I-NINE, a. [Fr. feminin.] 1. Pertaining #> a woman, or to women, or to females. 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate 3. Effeminate ; destitute of manly qualities. Raleigh.— 4. * See Synopsis 1, E, I, &c, long.—x, E, I, n - ° ne wil0 htfeoffs or grants a fee. FEOFF'MENT (feff'ment), n. [Law ~L. feoff amentum.] Tha gift or grant of a fee or corporeai hereditament, as land honors, or other immovable things. FE-Ri'CIOUS (fe-ra'shus), a. [L.ferax.] Fruitful ; produc- ing abundantly. — Thomson. FE-RACI-TY, n. [L.feracitas.] Fruitfulness. FtfRJE NA-TU'RM. [L.] Wild ; not tamed or not tamable, FeTIAL, a. [L. feralis.] Funereal ; mournful. t FeRE, n. [Sax. fera.] A mate or companion, either mtb or female. FER'E-TO-RY n. [L. feretrum.] A place in a church for a bier. FER GU-SON-TTE. n. A brownish-black ore, consisting of columbic acid and yttria, with some oxyd of cerium and zirconia. FeTII-AL, a. [L.ferialis.] Pertaining to holidays. — Richard- son's Dictionary. FE-RI-I'TION, n. [L. feriatio.] The act of keeping holi day ; cessation from work. t FE'RIE (f e're), n. A holiday. FE'RlNE, a. [L. ferinus.] Wild; untamed; savage. Fe'RiNE-LY, adv. In the- manner of wild beasts. FeUiNE-NESS, n. Wildness ; savageness.— Hale. FER'I-TY, n. [L. feritas.] Wildness ; savageness ; cruelty. — Woodward. tFERM, n. A farm or rent; a lodging-house. Sec Farm. FER'MENT, n. [L. fermentum.] 1. A gentle boiling ; or the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid ; [rarely used. See Fermentation.] 2. Intestine motion ; heat ; tumult ; agitation. 3. That which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting beer. FER-MENT, v. t. [L. fermento.] To set in motion ; to ex- cite internal motion ; to heat ; to raise by intestine motion. FER-MENT, v. i. To work ; to effervesce ; to be in mo- tion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion. FER-MENT- A-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being fermented. FER-MENTA-BLE, a. Capable of fermentation. FER-MENTAL, a. Having the power to cause fermenta tion. — Brown. • FER-MENT- a'TION, n. [L. fermentatio.] The sensible in. ternal motion of the constituent particles of animal and vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of gas and heat. It is of three principal kinds, vinous, acetous^ and putrefactive. The term is also applied to other proc- esses, as the panary fermentation, or the raising of bread. FER-MENT'A-TIVE, a. 1. Causing, or having power to cause, fermentation. 2. Consisting in fermentation. FER-MENTA-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being ferment- ative. FER-MENT'ED, pp. or a. Worked ; having undergone the process of fermentation. FER-MENTING, ppr. or a. Working ; effervescing. FER'MIL-LET, n. [Old Fr. fermaillet.] A buckle or clasp. FERN, n. [Sax. fearn.] The popular name of the order of cryptogamic plants called filiccs, which have their repro- ductive organs inserted on the back surface of the frond or leaf. Ferns delight in a humid soil, and often grow parasitically on trees. — Loudon. — Partington. FERN'-OWL, n. The European goatsucker, or night-jar FERN'TI-CLES (-klz), n. pi. Freckles on the skin, resem- bling the seeds of the fera. [Little used.] FERNY, a. Abounding or overgrown with fern. — Barret, FE-Ro'CIOTJS (fe-ro'shus_), a. [Fr. feroce ; L. ferox.] 1. Fierce ; savage ; wild ; indicating cruelty, as the features. 2. Ravenous ; rapacious, as beasts. 3. Fierce ; barbarous ; cruel, as men. FE-Ro'CIOUS-LY, adv. Fiercely ; with savage cruelty. FE-Ro'CIOUS-NESS, n. Savage fierceness ; cruelty ; fe- rocity. FE-ROCI-TY, n. [L. ferocitas.] 1. Savage wildness or fierceness ; fury ; cruelty. 2. Fierceness indicating a savage heart. FERHE-OUS, a. [L. ferreus.] Partaking of iron ; pertain. ing to iron; like iron ; made of iron. — Brown. FER'RET, n. [D. vret; Fr. furet.] 1. An animal allied to the polecat and weasel, employed in unearthing rabits, or driving them out of their holes. 2. A kind of narrow tape made of woolen, sometimes of cctton or silk.— 3. Among glass-makers, an iron used to make the rings at the mouths of bottles. FERTcET, v. t. Tc ufive out of a lurking-place. FER'RET-ED, pp. i/riven from a lurking-place. FERHET-ER, n. One who hunts another in his private retreat D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER. VI"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; Til as in this, t Obsolete. FES 400 FET FER'RET-ING, ppr. Driving from a lurking-place. FER-RET'TO, n. Copper calcined with brimstone or white vitriol, used to color glass. — Hebert. FER'RI-AoE, n. The fere to be paid at a ferry. FER'RIC, a. Pertaining to or extracted from iron.— La- voisier. FER-RI-€Al/CiTE, n. [L. ferrum and calx.} A species of calcareous earth having much iron in it. FERHI-ED (feririd), pp. Carried over in a boat. FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ferrum and fero.] Producing or yieidingiron. — Phillips. FER'RI-LlTE, n. [L. ferrum, and Gr. \i9os ■] Rowley ragg ; a variety of trap, with oxyd of iron in it. FER-RO-CY'AN-ATE, n. A compound of the ferro-cyanic acid with a base. FER-RO-CY-AN'I€, a. [L. ferrum and cyanic.} Ferro-cyanic acid, proto-cyanid of iron. FER-RO-CY'AN-ID, n. A compound of proto-cyanid of iron with some other cyanid. FER-Ru' which constitutes a part of the frame of animals. 2. A filament of 6lender thread in plants or minerals ; the small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine, slender thread- Fl'BER^D, ? t, • ~ Fl'BR-ED, J a - Havm S fibres - Fl'BER-LESS, FI'BRE-LESS, • a. Having no fibres. Fl'BRIL, n. [Fr. fibrille.] A small fibre ; the branch of a fibre ; a very slender thread. — Oheyne. FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Pertaining to fibres.— Dr. Kinnier. Fl'BRIN, n. A peculiar organic compound substance found in animals and vegetables. It is contained in the clot of coagulated blood, and constitutes muscular fibre. Fl'BRlN-OUS, a. Having or partaking of fibrin. FIBTcO-LlTE, n. A fibrous mineral from the Carnatic. sup- posed to be identical with bucholzite. An American mm- _eral, so called, is nothing but kyanite. — Dana. Fl'BROUS, a. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con- taining fibres. — In mineralogy, a fibrous fracture is that which presents fine threads or slender lines. FIB'U-LA, n. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. — Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle. FICK'LE (fikl), a. [Sax. ficol] 1. Of a changeable mind, not firm in appearance or purpose. 2. Not fixed or firm ; liable to change or vicissitude. Milton. — Syn. Wavering; irresolute ; unsettled ; vacillating ; unstable ; inconstant ; unsteady ; variable ; mutable ; changeful ; capricious. FLGK'LE-NESS, n. 1. A wavering; wavering disposition, inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur- pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness, as of fortune. FICK'LY, adv. Without firmness or steadiness. Fi'CO (fe'ko), n. [It.] An act of contempt by placing the thumb between two of the fingers, expressing a fig for you. FICTILE, a. [L.fictilis.] Molded into form by art; manu- factured by the potter. FICTION, n. [L.fictio.] 1. The act of feigning, inventing, or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented, or imagined. — 3. Fiction, in law, an assumption made of what is not literally true, for the sake of passing more rapidly over those part3 of the subject which are not disputed, and arriving at the points really at issue. Encyc. Amer. — Syn. Fabrication; invention; fable; falsehood. FICTION-IST, n. A writer of fiction.— West. Rev. t FICTIOUS, for fictitious. FICTITIOUS (fik-tish'us), a. [L. fictitius.] 1. Feigned; imaginary ; not real. 2. Counterfeit ; false ; not genuine. FI€-Tl"TIOUS-LY, adv. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeitly. FICWTIOUS-NESS, n. Feigned representation. t FICTIVE, a. Feigned. FICTOR, n. [L.] An artist who models statues and reliefs in clay. — Elmes. FID, n. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A pin of hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing. FID'DLE (fid'dl), n. [G.fiedel] A stringed instrument of music ; a violin. FID'DLE, v. i. 1. To play on a fiddle or violin, to shift the hands often and do nothing, like plays on a fiddle. FID'DLE, v. t. To play a tune on a fiddle. FIDTJLE-FAD'DLE, n. A trifle ; trifling talk. [Low.] FID'DLE-FAD'DLE, a. Trifling; making a bustle about nothing. [ Vulgar.] FID'DLE-STICK, n. The bow and string with which a fiddler plays on a violin. FID'DLE-STRING, n. The string of a fiddle. FID'DLE-WOOD, n. A plant of the genus citharcxylon- FID'DLER, n. One who plays on a fiddle or violin. FID'DLING, ppr. or a. Playing on a fiddle ; trifling.— Swift FID'DLING, n. The act of playing on a fiddle. Fl-DE-JUS'SION (-jush'un), n. [L.fidejussio.] Suretyship; _the act of being bound for another. — Farindon. Fi-DP:-JUS'SOR, n. [L.] A surety; one bound for another. — Blackstone. FI-DEL'I-TY, n. [L. fidditas.] 1. Careful and exact ob- servance of duty, or performance of obligations. 2. Firm adherence to a person or party with which one is united, or to which one is bound. 3. Observance of the marriage covenant. 4. Veracity; adherence to truth ; as, fidelity in a witness. Hooker. — Syn. Faithfulness; honesty; integ- rity; faith; loyalty. FIDOE, lv. i. To move one way and the other; to move FID6'ET, \ irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word,] 2. To trifle ; i fellow that D6VE; -BU T 'L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. CO TIE 402 FIG FIIXi'El,n. ^regular -notion ; restlessness. [Vulgar.] FIDG'ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [ Vulgar.] FI-1 'U'CIAL (fe-du'shal), a. [L. fiducia.] 1. Confident ; un- dulibtin^; firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust, as power. FI-Du'CIAL-LY. adv. With confidence. — South. FI-D U'CIA-RY, a [L. fiduciarius.] 1. Confident ; steady ; undoubting ; unwavering ; firm. 2. Not to be doubted. ; as, fiduciary obedience. 3. Held in trust. FI-Du'CIA-RY n. 1. One who holds a thing in trust; a trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation, with- out works ; an antinornian. — Hammond. FlE (fi). An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. FIeF (feef), n. [Fr. fief.] A fee ; a feud; an estate held of a superior on condition of military service. FIELD (feeld), n. [Sax.- field; G.feld; D. veld.] 1. A piece of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in- closed. 3. The ground" where a battle is fought. 4. A battle ; action in the field. — 5. To keep the field, is to keep the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of active operations. 6. A wide expanse. — Pope. 7. Open space for action or operation ; compass ; extent ; as, a field for investigation. 8. A piece or tract of land. 9. The ground or blank space on which figures are drawn. — 10. In heraldry, the whole surface of the shield, or the continent. - 11. In Scripture, field often signifies the open country, ground not inclosed. — 12. A field of ice, a large body of floating ice. — 13. Field of view, in a telescope or microscope, is the space within which objects are visible when the in- strument is adjusted to its focus. — Brande. FISLD'-BAS-IL, n. A name given to various plants. FlELD'-BED, n. A bed contrived for carrying into the field.— Shak. FIeLD'-BOOK, n. A book used in surveying, in which are set down the angles, stations, distances, &c. FlE"LD'-€6L-OR.S, n. pi. In war, small flags, used to mark out the ground for the squadrons and battalions. FISLD'-DaY, n. A day when troops are drawn out for in- struction in field exercises and evolutions. FIeLD'-DUGK, n. A species of bustard. FIeLD'-MaR'SHAL, n. The commander of an army; a military oflicer of the highest rank but one in England and some other countries. FIELD -MOUSE, n. A name given to several species of mice that live in the field, burrowing in banks, &c. — Mortimer. FIILD'-OF'FI-CER. ii. A military officer of the rank of major, lieutenant-colonel, or colonel ; all of higher rank are general officers. *TeLD'-PIeCE, n. A small cannon which is carried along with armies, and used in the field of battle. F IeLD'-PReACH'ER, n. One who preaches in the open air. — Lavington. FIeLD'-PReACHTNG, n. A preaching in the field or open air. — Warburton. /FIELD -ROOM, n. Open space.— Drayton. FIeLD'-SPoRTS, n. pi. Diversions of the field, as shooting and hunting. — Chesterfield. ' FIeLD'-STaFF, n. A weapon carried by gunners. FIeLD'-VoLE, n. The short-tailed field-mouse.— Brande. FlELD'-W6RKS (-wurks). n. pi. In the military art, works thrown up in besieging or defending a place. FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped. — Shak. FIeLD'FaRE, n. A bird of the thrush tribe, found in Great Britain during the winter. f FlELD'Y, a. Open like a field.— Wickliffe. FIEND (feend),?*. [Sax./ecmd] An enemyin the worst sense ; an implacable or malicious foe ; the devil ; an infernal being. FIeND'-FRaY-ING, a. Terrifying fiends.— More. FIeND'-HEaRT-ED, a. Having the heart of a fiend. FIeND'-LiKE, a. Resembling a fiend ; maliciously wicked ; diabolical. FIEND 'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices. FIeND'FUL-LY, adv. In a fiend-like manner. FIENDISH, a. Like a fiend ; malicious. FIeND'ISH-NESS, n. Maliciousness. FIERCE (fers), a. [Fr.^er.] 1. Vehement; violent; furi- ous ; rushing ; impetuous ; as, fierce winds. 2. Savage ; ravenous ; easily enraged. 3. Vehement in rage ; eager for mischief. 4. Violent ; outrageous ; not to be restrain- ed, as anger. 5. Passionate; angry; furious. 6. Wild; staring ; ferocious ; as, a fierce look. 7. Very eager ; ardent^ vehement ; as, to he fierce for a thing. * FlERCE'-MIND'ED, a. Vehement; of a furious temper. FlERCE'LY (fersly), adv. 1. Violently ; furiously ; with rage. 2. With a wild aspect. * FlERCE'NESS (fers'nes). n. 1. Ferocity; savageness. 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Quickness to attack ; keen- ness in anger and resentment. 4. Violence; outrageous passion. 5. Vehemence; fury; impetuosity. FTE-Rl FICI-AS (f I'e-ri-fa'she-as), n. [L.] In law, a writ of execution requiring a sheriff to levy in behalf of one who has recovered in debt or damages. FTER-INESS, n. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat ; acri- mony. 2. Heat of temper ; irritability. See lopsis. A, E, I, Sec, long.— I. e. I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRF Y i -MARINE, BiRP Fi'ER-Y, a. 1. Consisting of fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3. Ve hement; ardent; veiy active; impetuous. 4. Passionate; easily provoked ; irritable. 5. Unrestrained ; fierce. 6. _Heated by fire. — -Hooker. 7. Like fire ; bright ; glaring. FlFE, n. [Fr. fifre.] A small pipe, used as a wind instru- ment, chiefly in martial music with drums. FIFE, v. i. To play on a fife. FiFE'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or superintendent of the _fifers of a regiment. — Booth. FlF'ER, ii. One who plays on a fife. FIFTEEN, a. [Sax. fiftyn.] Five and ten. FIFTEENTH, a. [Sax. fiftyntha.] 1. The ordinal of fifteen ; the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in fifteen. FIFTEENTH, n. 1. A fifteenth part. 2. An ancient tax laid on towns boroughs, &c, in England, being one fifteenth part of what each town, Sec, had been valued at, or it was a fifteenth of each man's personal estate. — 3. In music, the double octave. FIFTH, a. [S&K.fifta.] 1. The ordinal of five ; the next to the fourth. — 2. Elliplically, or as a noun, a fifth part. FIFTH, ii. In music, an interval of three tones and a semitone. FIFTH-MON'ARCH-Y-MEN, n.pl. A fanatical sect in En- gland, who expected a fifth great monarchy, during which Christ should reign on earth a thousand yeai-s, and consid ered the government of Cromwell as its commencement — Brande. FIFTHLY, adv. In the fifth place. FIFTI-ETHa. [Sax. fifteogetha.] The ordinal of fifty. Used elliptically, or as a noun, a fifteenth part. FIFTY, a. [Sax. fij 'tig.] Five tens ; five times ten. It may be used as a noun in the plural. FIG, ii. [L. ficus ; Sp. figoj 1. The fruit of the fig-tree, much used for food. 2. The fig-tree. FIG, v. t. 1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions of the fingers ; [little used.] 2. To put something useless into one's head; [not used.] FIG, v. i. [Su. Goth, fika.] To move suddenly or quickly. — Sylvester. FIG'-AP-PLE, n. A species of apple. — Johnson. FIG'-GNAT (-nat), n, An insect of the fly kind.— Johnson. FIG'-LeAF, n._ The leaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering. FIG-MAR'I-GoLD, n. The mesembryanthemum, a succulent plant, resembling houseleek. FIG'-PE€K-ER, n. [L.ficedula.] A bird. FIG-TREE, n. A tree of the genus ficus, much cultivated in warm climates for its fruit. To dwell under one's vine and fig-tree, is to live in peace and safety. — 1 Kings, iv., 25. FIG-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus scrophularia. FIG'ARY, n. A frolic. FIG'A-RY, for Vagary, is not English. FlGHT (fite), v. i. ; pret. and pp. fought, pronounced fawt [Sax. feahtan, feohtan.] 1. To strive or contend for victo- ry, in battle or in single combat; to contend in arms ; fol- lowed by with or' against. 2. To contend; to strive; jtruggle to resist or check. 3. To act as a soldier. — Sltak. FlGHT (fite), v. t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with in battle; to war against ; [elliptical, with being understood.] _3. To cause to fight ; as, to fight cocks ; to fight one's ship. FlGHT, n. 1. A struggle for victory, either between indi- viduals or between armies, ships, or navies. 2. Something to screen the combatants in ships. Dryden. — Syn. Com- bat; contest; struggle; encounter; fray; affray; duel- battle ; action ; engagement ; conflict. FlGHT'ER, n. One who fights; a combatant; a warrior. FIGHTING, ppr. I. Contending in battle ; striving for vic- tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war; fit for battle. 3. Occupied in war ; being the scene of war. FIGHTING, n. Contention ; strife ; quarrel. FIG'MENT, n. [L. figmentum.] An invention , a fictioa ; something feigned or imagined. FIGU-L ATE, a. [L.figulo.] Made of potter's clay ; molded ; shaped. [Little used.] FIG-U-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of a certain fixed or stable form. FIG'P-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a ceitain fixed form or shape. FIG'U-RAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation. — Fig- ural numbers, see Fig urate. FIG'U-BJNT, n. m. ? [Fr.] 1. One who dances at the opera, FIG'U-RMVTE, n.f. > not singly, but in groups or figures. 2. An accessory character on the stage, who figures in its scenes, but has nothing to say. Hence applied to those who figure in any scene without taking a prominent part FIG'U-RATE, a. [L. figuratus.] 1. Of a certain determinate form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate form ; as, figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling shells. 3. Figurative ; [not used.] — Figurate counterpoint, in m?ieic, that which contains a mixture of discords and concords. — Figurate numbers, in mathematics, numbers formed accord- ing to certain laws, and having peculiar relations to difi'e. ent geometrical figures, as triangles, squares, pentagons, Si..:. FIG'U-Rl-TED, a. Having a determinate form ~m HE, BOOK, FIL 403 FIL' FIGU-RATELY, adv. In a figurate manner. FIC-U-Ra'TION, 7i. 1. The act of giving figure or determ- inate form. 2. Determination to a certain form.— Bacon. 3. Mixture of concords and discords in music. FIGU-RA-TIVE, a. [Fr. figuratif.] 1. Representing some- thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical 2. Representing by resemblance; not literal or direct. 3. Abounding with figures of speech. FIG ,J EJ-RA-TlVE-LY, adv. By a figure ; in a manner to ex- hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense different from that which words originally imply. FIG't7-RA-Tl VE-NESS, n. State of being figurative. FIGURE (fig'yur), n. [Fr. figure; L.figura.] 1. The form of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating extremities. 2. Shape; form; person. 3. Distinguished appearance; eminence; distinction; remarkable charac- ter ; as, to make a figure in Congress. 4. Appearance of any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splendor. — Law. 6. A statue ; an image ; that which is formed in resemblance of some- thing else. 7. Representation in painting; the lines and colors which represent an animal, particularly a person. — 8. In manufactures, a design or representation wrought on damask, velvet, and other stuffs. — 9. In logic, the form of a syllogism with respect to the order or disposition of the middle term. Watts. — 10. In arithmetic, a character de- noting a number ; a digit, as 2, 7, 9. — 11. In geometry, a diagram. — 12. In astrology, the horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses. Shak.+- -13. In tlteology, type j representative ; emblem ; symbol. — 14. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or wilting, in which words are deflected from their ordinary signification. In strict- ness, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of a sentence a figure ; but these terms are often confounded. — 15. In grammar, any deviation from the rules of analogy or syntax. — 16. In dancing, the several steps which the dancer makes in order and cadence. FIGURE (fig'yur), v. t. 1. To form or mold into any determ- inate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, as in picture or statuary. 3. To make a drawing of; as, to figure a plant, a shell, &c. ; [used chiefly in natural science.] 4. To cover or adorn with figures or images ; to mark with figures ; to form figures in by art. 5. To di- versify ; to variegate with adventitious forms of matter. G. To represent by a typical or figurative resemblance. 7. To imagine ; to image in the mind. — Temple. 8. To pre- figure ; to foreshow. — Shah. 9. To form figuratively ; to use in a sense not literal; [little used.] 10. To note by characters. — 11. In music, to pass several notes for one ; to form runnings or variations. FIGURE, v. i. To make a figure ; to be distinguished. ! HgISIJ m T G E fk } n - A P«teiider to astrology. FIGURE-HeAD, n. The figure, statue, or bust on the pro- jecting part of the head of a ship. — Brande. FIGURE-SToNE, n. A name of the agalmatolite. FIGURED (fig'yurd), pp. or a. 1. Represented by resem- blance ; adorned with figures ; formed into a determinate figure. — 2. In music, free and florid. FIGUR-ING, ppr. Forming into a determinate shape ; rep- resenting by types or resemblances ; making a figure. FIGUR-ING, w. Act of making figures. FI-La'CEOUS (fe-la'shus), a. [L.filum.] Composed or con- sisting of threads. — Bacon. FH/A-CER, n. [Nonn. filicer.] An officer in the English court of common pleas, so called from filing the writs on which he makes process. FIL'A-MENT, n. [Fr.] A thread; a fibre. — In anatomy and natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, plants, roots, &c, are composed. FIL-A-MENTOTJS, a. Like a thread ; consisting of fine fila- ments. FIL'AN-DERS, n. pi. [Fr.filandres.] A disease in hawks, con- sisting of filaments of coagulated blood ; also, small worms, wrapped in a thin skin or net, near the veins of a hawk. FIL'A-TO-RY, 7i. [L. filum.] A machine which forms or spins threads. FIL'A-TURE, n. 1. The reeling of silk from cocoons. 2. A reel for this purpose, or an establishment for reeling cocoons. FIL'BERT, n. The fruit of the cultivated corylus or hazel. FILCH, v. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer ; to steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. — Dry den. FILCHED (filcht). pp. Stolen; taken wrongiuuy from an- other; pillaged; pilfered. FILCH'ER, n. A thief; one guilty of petty theft. flLCHTNG, ppr. Stealing; taking from another wrong- fully ; pilfering. rtLCHTNG-LY, adv. By pilfering; in a thievish manner. flLE, n. [Fr. file ; L. filum.] 1. A thread, string, or fine ; particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung. 2. The whole number of papers strung on a fine or wire. 3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each in- dorsed. 4. A roll, list, or catalogue. — Burke. 5. A row of eolv '. I. ^a str'te with the nail of the finger, forced from the thuB..b with a sudden spring. FIL'LIP, n. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb. . FIL'LIP-ING, #?>r. Striking with the end of the finger. FIL'LY, n. [W.filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt ; a young mare. 2. A wanton girl. FILM, 7i. [Sax.^Zm.] A thin skin ; a pellicle, as on the eye. FILM, v. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle. FILM'I-NESS, n. State of being filmy. FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. Fl'LoSE, a. In zoology, that ends in a thread-like process. — Brandt. FIL'TER, n. [Fr. Jiltre.] A strainer ; a piece of woolen cloth, paper, or other substance through which liquors are passed for defecation. FIL'TER, v. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it through a filter, or a porous substance. FIL'TER, v. i. To percolate ; to pass through a filter. FIL'TER. Set Philter. FIL'TER-ED, pp. or a. Strained ; defecated by a filter. FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining ; defecating. FIL'TER-ING, n. Vhe act of passing through a filter. FILTH, n. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter ; any thing that soils or defiles ; waste matter ; nastiness. 2. Corruption ; pollution ; any thing that sullies or defiles the moral character. FILTH'I-LY, adv. In a filthy manner ; foully ; grossly. FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foulness ; dirtiness ; filth ; nastiness. 3. Corruption ; pollution ; de- filement by sin ; impurity. FILTHY, a. 1. Abounding in filth. 2. Defiled by sinful practices ; morally impure. 3. Obtained by base and dis- honest means. — Syn. Nasty ; foul ; dirty ; muddy ; miry ; sloughy ; squalid , unclean ; sluttish ; gross ; impure ; pol- luted ; vulgar. PIL'TRITE, v.t. [Sry. filtrar.] To filter; to defecate, as liquor^by straining or percolation. FIL'TRaTE, n. The liquid which has been passed through a filter. — Dana. FIL-TRa'TION, n. The act or process of filtering ; the me- chanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved par- ticles floating in it FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [female-hemp.] Light, summer hemp, that bears no seed. — Mortimer. FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [L. fimbria.) In botany, fringed; having the margin bordered by filiform processes thicker than hairs. FIM'BRI-ATE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe.— Fuller. FIMRRI-A-TED, pp. Hemmed ; fringed. FIM'BRI-A-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, a8 an ordina- ry, with a naiTow border of another tincture. FIMBRI-i-TING, ppr. Hemming; fringing. FIN, n. [Sax.. Jinn.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem-' brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os- sicles. FIN, v. t. To carve or cut up a chub. FIN'-F T SH, n. A species of slender whale. FIN'-FOOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes connected by a membrane. FIN'-SCaLE, n. A river fish, called the rudd. FIN'-ToJED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes con- nected by a membrane. FlN'A-BLE, n. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine _or penalty. Fl'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. final; L. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the end or conclusion ; last ; ultimate. 2. Conclusive ; de- cisive ; ultimate ; as, a final judgment. — A final cause, is the ultimate end or object aimed at, and which thus causes a certain course of action to be adopted. 3'1-Na'LE (fe-nala), n. [It.] 1. The last note or end of a piece of music. 2. The last performance in any act of an opera, or that which closes a concert; close ; termination. F1-NAL1-TY, 7i. Final state— Baxter. FfNAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end or conclusion ; ultimately ; lastly. 2. Completely ; beyond recovery.— Davies. FI-NANCE' (fe-nans'),7i. [Fr.] Revenue ; income of a king or state. [Generally used in the plural] f I-NAN'CfiS, n.pl. 1. Revenue ; funds in the public treasury, or accruing to it; public resources of money. 2. Th; in- come or resources of individuals. FI-N A.NCIAL (fe-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to public revenue. FI-N AN'CIAL-LY, adv. In relation to finances. FTN-AN-CIeR' (fin-an-seer'), n. 1. An officer who receives and manages the public revenues ; a treasurer. 2. One who is skilled in the principles or system of public rev- enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and management of the revenues of a corporation. 4. One skilled in banking operations. Fl'NA-RY. See Finery. FINCH, n. [Sax. fine ; G. fmlt.] A small singing bird. The word is used chiefly in composition ; as, goldfinch, chaf finch. FlND, v. t.; pret. and pp. found. [Sax. findan; G.finden!] 1. Literally, to come ; to meet ; hence, to discover by the eye ; to gain first sight or knowledge of something lost ; to recover. 2. To meet ; to discover something not before seen or known. 3. To obtain by seeking. 4. To mee with. 5. To discover or know by experience. 6. To reach ; to attain to ; to arrive at. 7. To discover by study, experiment, or trial. 8. To gain ; to have ; as, to find time for visiting. 9. To perceive ; to observe ; to learn. 10. To catch ; to detect ; usually with out. 11. To meet. 12. To have ; to experience ; to enjoy, as pleasure. 13. To select ; to choose ; to designate. 14. To discover and de- clare the truth of disputed facts ; to come to a conclusion, and decide between parties, as a jury. 15. To determine and declare by verdict. 16. To establish or pronounce charges alleged to be true. 17. To supply ; to furnish, aa with money. 18. To supply with provisions ; as, to pay a man a dollar a day and find him. 19. To discover or gain knowledge of, by touching or by sounding ; as, to faid bottom. To find one's self, to be ; to fare in regard to ease or pain, health or sickness. — To find in, to supply ; to furnish ; to provide. — To find out. 1. To invent ; to discover some- thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle ; to solve. 3. To discover ; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden ; to as- certain. 4. To understand; to comprehend. 5. To de- tect ; to discover ; to bring to light. — To find fault with, to _blame ; to censure. FlND'-FAULT, n. A censurer ; a caviler. — Shak. FTND-FAULTING, a. Apt to censure ; captious. FlND'ER, n. 1. One who meets or falls on any thing ; ona who discovers by searching, or by accident. — 2. In ast r on^ omy, a smaller telescope, attached to a larger telescope for the purpose of finding an object more readily. FTND'ING, ppr. Discovering. FlND'ING, n. 1. Discovery ; the act of discovering. — 2. In law, the return of a jury to a bill ; a verdict. FINDINGS, n. pi. The tools which a journeyman shoe- maker is to furnish in his employment, together with thread and wax. t FIN'DY, a. [Sctx..findig.] Full ; heavy ; or firm, solid, sub- stantial. FINE, a. [Fr. fin.) 1. Small ; thin ; slender ; minute ; of very small diameter. 2. Subtile ; thin ; tenuous. — Bacon. 3. Thin; keen; smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; not coarse. 5. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or for- eign matter. 6. Refined. — Bacon. 7. Nice ; delicate ; per- ceiving or discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8. Subtile ; artful ; dextrous ; [see Finesse.] 9. Subtle ; sly ; fraudulent. — Hubberd's Tale. 10. Elegant ; beautiful in thought. 11. Very handsome ; beautiful with dignity. 12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners. 13. Accomplish- ed in learning ; excellent. 14. Excellent ; superior ; brill- iant or acute. 15. Amiable ; noble ; ingenuous ; excellent. 16. Showy; splendid; elegant. — 17. Ironically, worthy of contemptuous notice; eminent for bad qualities. — Fine arts, or polite arts, are the arts which depend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and whose object is pleasure, as poetry, music, painting, and sculpture. FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sum of money paid by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuniary punishment; amercement; forfeiture. — In fine. [Yr.cn fin; L. in and finis.) In the end or conclusion ; to conclude ; _to sum up all. FINE, v. t. 1. To clarify ; to refine ; to purify; to defecate; to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, as a metal. 3. To make less coarse; [obs.] 4. To dec- orate ; to adorn. — Shak. ; [obs.] FINE, v. t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty for an offense ; to set a fine on by judgment of a court; to pun- ish by fine. 2. v. i. To pay a fine ; [obs.] FlNE'-FIN"GER.ED, a. Nice in workmanship. FiNE'-GRa1N.ED (-grand), a. Having a fine grain. FINE'-SPoK'£N (spok'n), a. Using fine phrases. FWE~D,pp. 1. E.efined; purified; defecated. 2. Subjected to a pecuniary penalty. FINE'DRAW, v. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety that it is not perceived. FlNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws. FlNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew _ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs. FlNE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a fine thread ; minute ; subtile. FlNE'STILL, v. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle, or some preparation of saccharine matter. FiNE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle or molasses. — Encyc. FlNE'STILL-ING, n. The operation of distilhng spirit from molasses or treacle. See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long— a, e, I, &c. : short.— FaR, FALL.WHAT ;— PREY —MARINE, BiRD ;— USVi:. BQQK. FIN 405 nil tFTNE'LESS, a. Endless ; boundless.— Shak. FINELY, adv. 1. In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp edge. 3. Gayly ; handsomely ; beautifully ; with elegance and taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advan- tage ; very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; completely. Clarendon.— 8. By way of irony ; wretchedly ; in a manner deserving of contemptuous notice. FINENESS, n. [Fr. finesse.] 1. Thinness; smallness ; slen- derness. 2. Consisting of fine threads. 3. Smallness ; minuteness, as of sand or particles. 4. Clearness ; purity ; freedom from foreign matter. 5. Niceness ; delicacy. 6. Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 7. Elegance ; beauty. 8. Capacity for delicate or refined conceptions. 9. Show; splendor ; gayety of appearance ; elegance. 10. Clear- ness. 11. Subtiity ; artfulness ; ingenuity. 12. Smooth- ness. — Drayton. FlN'ER n. 1. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara- _tive of/me. FlN'ER-Y, n. 1. Show ; splendor ; gayety of colors or ap- pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew- els, trinkets, ^'t^" /a ^° ke ; f written - also - ferk ; but rarely used.] MR KIN (fur'kin), n. A measure of capacity, beinsr the Kurth part of a barrel. In America, it is rarely used ex- cept lor butter or lard. FiR'LOT, ,n. A dry measure, used in Scotland ; bein? about a bushel of wheat, and a bushel and a half of barley FIRM (form), a. [L. firmus ; Fr. ferme.} 1. Closely com- pressed ; as, firm wood. 2. Not easily moved ; as, firm friends, firm persuasions. 3. Not civing way ; opposed to fluid ; as, firm ground. — Syn. Compact ; dense ; hard ; solid ; stable ; stanch ; robust ; strong ; sturdy ; unshaken ■ fixed; 6teady; resolute; constant FIRM, n. A partnership or house ; or the name or title under which a company transact business. FiRM, v. t. [L. firmo.) To fix ; to confirm ; to establish.— Dryden. [Rare, except in poetry. See Confirm.] FIRM'-FOOT-ED, a. Having firm feet; standing firmly FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.^ The region of tha air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse ; a wide extent. FtRM-A-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; celes- tial ; being of the upper regions. FiR'MAN, n. An Asiatic word, denoting a decree, or grant of privileges. A firman, given to a traveler, is a kind of passport, insuring to him protection and assistance. [Oft« en pronounced^rmaw?;/] FIRMED, pp. Established; confirmed. FiRMTNG, ppr. Settling; making rirrn and stable. t FiRM'I-TUDE, ii. Strength ; solidity.— Bp. Hall. t FiRM'I-TY, n. Strength ; firmness. FiRMTESS, a. Detached from substance. — Pope. FiEM'LI-ER, adv. More firmly.— Milton. FiRM'LY (furm/ly), adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely 2. Steadily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; steadfastly. FiRM'NESS, n. 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or structure ; compactness ; hardness ; solidity. 2. Stabili- ty ; strength. 3. Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness. 4. Certainty ; soundness. FIRST (furst), a. [Sax. first, or fyrst.] 1. Advanced before or further than any other in progression ; foremost in place. 2. Preceding ah others in the order of time. 3. Preceding all others in numbers or a progressive series ; the ordinal of one. 4. Preceding all others in rank, dig- nity, or excellence. — Syn. Primary ; primordial ; original , primitive; pristine; highest; chief; principal. FIRST, adv. 1. Before any thing else in the order of time. 2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Beforo any thing else in order of proceeding or consideration. 4. Before all others in rank. — At first, at the first, at the be- ginning or origin. — First or last, at one time or another ; at the beginning or end. FiRST-BE-GOT, ? a. First produced ; the eldest of FIRST-BE-GOT'TEN. 5 children.— Milton. FiRST-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth ; first in the order of nativity; eldest 2. Most excellent ; most distinguished or exalted. FtRST'-BORN, n. The eldest child ; the first in the order of birth. FiRST-CRE-IT'ED, a. Created before any other. FtRST-FLoOR, n. In England, the floor or tier of apart- ments next above the ground-floor; called, in America, the second story. FiRST-FRuIT, n. s., 11. The fruit or produce first ma- FIRST-FRUITS, n.pl. j tured and collected in any sea- son. 2. The first profits of any thing. 3. The first or earliest effect of any thing, in a good or bad sense. FiRST-MoV'ER. n. The original propelling power, whether natural or artificial. FiRST'-RITE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; pre-emi- nent 2. Being of the largest size, as a ship. FIRSTLING, a. First produced. FIRSTLING, n. 1. The 5rst produce or offspring ; [applied to beasts.] 2. The thing first thought or done ; [net used.] FIRSTLY, adv. Improperly used instead of first. FiRTH, n. A narrow passage of the sea. ^ee Frith. FI3€, n. [L. fiscus ; Fr. fisc^] The treasury of a prince or state. FISCAL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury or revenue. FISCAL, n. 1. Revenue; the income of a prince or state. 2. A treasurer. — 3. In Spain and Portugal, the king's solic- itor. — 4. In Sp*in, an informer. FISH, n. [Sax. fisc] 1. An animal that fives in water. Fish, in the singular, is used for fishes in general, or the whole race. 2."The flesh offish, used as food. 3. A coua ter, used in various games. FISH, v. i. 1. To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets 2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth. FISH, v. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping. — 2. In sea- manship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of timber. 3. To catch ; to draw out or up. FISH, n. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up tb-j flukes of an anchor upon the gunwale. 2. A long picco of timber, which bellies out in the form of a fish, and is used to strengthen a lower mast or a yard, when sprung or damaged. Hence, the terms fish beam, fish back, fish-bel- lied rail, are applied to a beam or rail which bellies out on the under side. — Francis. FISH'-BiSK-ET, n. A basket for carrying fish. FISH'-GLtjE, n. A name sometimes given to isinglass. — Booth. FISH'-KET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish >vh.)le. FISH'-LTKE, a. Resemblin 2 fish.— Shak. FISH'-MaR-KET, n. A place where fish are exposed for sale. FISH'-MeAL, n. A meal of fish ; diet on fish , a^s emious diet. Sec Synopsis. 1, E. I. &c. long.— i. E I &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;- Jiff VE, P.)(, v 8 FIT 407 FIX FISH'-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), n. A seller of fish. FISH-POND, n.~ A pond in which fishes are bred. FISIJ'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship, between the after- hold and the spirit-room. FISH'-SPE AR. n. A spear f< r taking fish, by stabbing them. FISH-TROW-EL. «. A broad knife, commonly of silver, for cutting up fisn at table. FISH -WiFE, n. A woman that cries fish for sale. FISH'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells fish. FISH'ER, n. 1. One who is employed in catching fish. 2. A carnivorous quadruped, of the weasel family ; the pekan. FISH'ER-BoAT, n. A boat emploved in catching fish. FISH'ER-TOWN, n. A town inhabited by fishermen. FISH'ER-MAN, n. 1. One whose occupation is to catch fish. 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak- ing fish. FISH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of catching fish. 2. A place for catching fish. FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish.— Carew. FISH'GiG, \n. An instrument used for striking fish at FIZ'GIG, 5 sea FISHHOOK, n. A hook for catching fish. FISH'I-FY, v. t. To turn to fish.— Shak. [A cant word.] FISH'ING, ppr. 1. Attempting to catch fish ; searching ; seek- ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece of timber to a mast or spar, to strengthen it. 2. a. Used or employed in fishing, or by fishermen; as, fishing boat, fishing tackle, fishing village. FISH'ING, n. 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A fishery. — Spenser. FISH'ING-FROG, n. A rapacious, spinous-finned sea-fish, also called angler and frog-fish, having a very large head. FISH'ING-PLaCE, n. A place where fishes are caught with seines ; a convenient place for fishing ; a fishery." FISHY, a. 1. Consisting of fish. 2. Inhabited by fish. 3. Having the qualities of fish ; like fish. tFISK, v. i. [Su.fiesca.] To run about. — Cotgrave. FIS'SILE, a. [L. fissilis.] That may be split, cleft, or divid- ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. FIS-SIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being cleavable. FIS'SION (fish'un), n. A breaking upinto parts. FIS-SIPA-ROUS, a. [L. fissus and pario.] An epithet ap- plied to certain animals and vegetables of the lower or- ders, which are propagated by a spontaneous breaking up into minute portions, each of which has life and growth. FIS-SIP'AR-ISM, n. The breaking up of certain animals and vegetables into minute portions, each having life and growth. — Dana. FIS-SI-ROS'TRAL, a. [L. fissus and rostrum.] In ornitholo- gy, having a bill with a very wide gape ; a term applied to swallows, goat-suckers, &c. — Swainson. FIS'SI-PED, a. [L. fissus.] Having separate toes. FIS'SI-PED, n. An animal whose toes are separate, or not connected by a membrane. FIS'SURE (fish'yur), n. [Fr. from h.fissnra, from findo, to split.] 1. A cleft ; a narrow chasm made by the' parting of any substance ; a longitudinal opening. — 2. In surgery, a crack or slit in a bone^ either transversely or longitudi- nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a" deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. FIS'SURE (fish'yur), v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to crack or fracture. FIS'SUR^D (fish'yurd), pp. Cleft; divided; cracked. FIST, n. [Sax. fyst.] The hand clinched; the hand with the fingers doubled into the palm. FIST, v. t. 1. To strike with the fist.— Dryden. 2. To gripe with the fist. — Shak. ; [little used.] FIST'IC, a. A term used colloquially in England for pugil- istic ; as, fistic exploits, fistic heroes. FIST'1-€UFFS, n. pi. Blows or a combat with the fists ; a boxing. — Swift. FIS'TI NUT, n. A pistachio nut. FIS 1 J-L A, 7i. [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of music, originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow, sinuous ulcer. — Fistula lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder accompanied with a flowing of tears. FISTU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. FISTU-LaTE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. FISTU-LaTE, v. t. To make hollow, like a pipe. [Rare.] FIS-TULl'DANS, n. pi. A tribe of echinodermatous ani- mals, including tlose which have an elongated, tube-like body. FISTU-LI-FORM. a. Being in round, hollow columns, as a mineral. — Phillips. rlSTU LOUS, a. 1. Having the nature of a fistula. — Wise- man 2. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. IT, "?. [qu. W. fith.] 1. The invasion, exacerbation, or * paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and some- times senseless ; a convulsion. 3. Any short return after intermission ; a turn ; a period or interval ; as, to move by fits and starts. 4. A temporary affection or attack 5. Disorder ; distemperature. 6. [Sax. fitt, u. cv,£.g.j Ah ciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain ; a canto. 7 The close and easy setting of an article of dress. FIT, a. [Flemish vitten.] 1. Suited to the nature and pro priety of things ; as, fit to be done. 2. Having the requ» site qualifications ; as, fit to rule. — Syn. Suitable ; proper . appropriate ; meet ; becoming ; expedient ; congruous correspondent ; convenient ; apposite ; apt ;. adapted prepared ; qualified ; competent ■ adequate. FIT, v. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit ; to make suitable. 2. T* accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare to put in order for ; to furnish with things proper or nee essary. 4. To qualify; to prepare. — To fit out, to fur nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means.— To fit up, to prepare ; to furnish with things suitable ; to make proper for the reception or use of any person. FIT, v. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be suitable ; to be adapted; as, a garment fits well. FITCH, n. A chick-pea FITCH'ET, \n. [W. gwicyll or gwicyn.] A pole-cat ; a FITCHEW, j foumart FITFUL, a. Varied by sudden impulses. FIT'LI-ER, a. or adv. More fit or fitly. FIT'LI-EST, a. Most fit.— Coleridge. FIT'LY, adv. 1. Stutably; properly; with propriety. 2. Commodiously ; conveniently. f FITMENT, n. Something adapted to a purpose. FITNESS, n. 1. Suitableness ; adaptedness ; adaptation. 2. Propriety ; expediency ; meetness ; justness ; reason- ableness. 3. Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; the state of being fit. t FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable.— Sherwood. FITTED, pp. Made suitable ; adapted; prepared; qualified, FITTER, n. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who adapts ; one who prepares. FITTING, ppr. 1. Making suitable ; adapting ; preparing ; qualifying; providing with. 2. a. Fit, or appropriate. FITTING-LY, adv. Suitably.— Afore. FITZ. [Norm, fites, fiuz, or fix, a son.] Used in names, as in Fitzherbert, Fjfzroy, Carlovitz. FIVE, a. [Sax. fifi] Four and one added ; the half of ten. FI VE'-BXRR^D, } a - Hayin ° five bar3 - FT VE'-CLEFT, a. Qtiinquefid ; divided into five segments. F)VE'-FIN"GER, n. A species of cinquefoil.— Mass. Rep. Fi VE'-FIN"GER.E D, a. Having five fingers, or parts resem* _bling fingers. FiVE'-LeAF, n. Cinquefoil. — Drayton. FiVE'-Le"AF_ED (-left), a. Having five leaves. FlVE'-LoB£D, a. Consisting; of five lobes. FlVE'-P ART-ED, a. Divided into five parts. FlVE'-TOOTH^D (-tootht), a. Having five teeth FlVE'-VALVJJD, a. Having five valves. [Botany.] FlVE'FoLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; five- _double ; five times repeated. FIVES, n. A kind of play with a ball, against the side of a building, resembling tennis. So called because three, five. _or fifteen are counted to the game. — Smart, VlVES \ n ' ^ ^ sease Q 1 * horses, resembling the strangles. FIX, v. t. [Fr. fixer.] 1. To make stable ; to set or establish immovably ; to settle ; to determine ; to institute ; to ap- point. 2. To set or place permanently ; to establish. 3. To make fast; to fasten; to attach firmly. 4. To set or place steadily ; to direct, as the eye. without moving it , to fasten. 5. To set or direct steadily, without wander- ing, as attention. 6. To set or make linn, so as to bear a high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of volatility. 7. To transfix; to pierce. — Sandys; [little used.] 8. To withhold from motion. — 9. In America, to put in order ; to prepare ; to adjust. [This last sense is not sanctioned by English usage. There is a vulgar use of fix as a noun for piedicament ; as, to be in a had fix, which should be studiously avoided. — Ed.] FIX, v. i. 1. To rest ; to settle or remain permanently ; to cease from wandering. 2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to congeal ; to become hard and malleable. Bacon. — To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing ; to determine on. FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered firm. FIX-A'TION, n. 1. The act of fixing. 2. Stability; firm ness; steadiness; a state of being established. 3. Resi- dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little used.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo- ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid, and becoming firm ; state of beina fixed. FIX.ED (fikst), pp. or a. Settled; established; firm; fast; stable. — Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixca bodies, are those which can not be volatilized or sepaiated by heat or a corrosive menstruum without great diftimuty, D6VE :— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as R; 6 as J ; S as Z ; <2H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete FLA 408 FLA as • >\& &•♦. Francis. Fixed oils or alkalies, are those i infected with scandalous crimes or vices; a3, flagitious which reiii iii ha permanent state and are not easily vol- | times. — Syx. Atrocious ; villainous ; flagrant ; heinous , atilized- su named as distinguished from volatile oils and I corrupt; profligate; abandoned, alkalies' 6z.c— Fixed stars, are such stars as always retain ; FLA- al let into the joints of a wall, so as to lap over the gutter and prevent the plashing of rain in the interior works. FLASHY, a. 1. Showy, but empty ; dazzling for a moment but not solid. 2. Showy; gay. 3. Insipid; vapid, witfc. out taste or spirit. 4. Washy ; plashy ; see Plash. FL ASK, n. [G. flasche.] 1. A kind of bottle. 2. A vessel fo powder. 3. A bed in a gun-carriage. FLaSK'ET, n. 1. A vessel in which viands are served up. — Rope. 2. A long, shallow basket. — Spenser. FLAT, a. [D. plat.] 1. Having an even surface, without ris- ings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2. Horizontal ; level ; without inclination, or with a moderate inclination, as a roof. 3. Prostrate ; lying the whole length on the ground 4. Not elevated or erect ; fallen. 5. Level with the ground ; totally fallen. — 6. In painting, wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 7. Tasteless ; stale ; vapid ; insipid ; dead. 8. Dull ; unanimated ; frigid ; lifeless ; without point or spirit ; [applied to discourses and compositions.] 9. De- pressed ; spiritless ; dejected. 10. Unpleasing ; not afford- ing gratification. 11. Peremptory ; absolute ; positive ; downright, as a refusal. 12. Not sharp or shrill ; not acute, as a sound. 13. Low, as the prices of goods ; or dull, as sales. FLAT, n. 1. A level or extended plain. — In America, it is applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev- el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some ex- tent. 2. A level ground lying at a small depth \mder the surface of water ; a shoal ; a shallow ; a strand ; a sand- bank under water. 3. The broad side of a blade. — Dryden. 4. Depression of thought or language. — Dryden. 5. A sur- face without relief or prominences. — Bentley. 6. In music, a mark of depression in sound, thus [b]. 7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. 8. A hat made of straw braid with a low crown and broad brim. 9. A story or loft in a build- ing ; [Scottish.] 10. One who is easily duped ; opposed to one who is sharp. — Rich. Diet. ; [vulgar.] FLAT, v. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To level ; to depress ; to lav smooth or even ; to make broad and smooth ; to flatten. 2. To make vapid or tasteless. 3. To make dull or unan- imated. FLAT, v. i. 1. To grow flat ; to fall to an even surface. 2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated. — 3. In music to depress the voice ; to flatten. FLAT-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a fiat bottom, as a boat^ or a moat in fortification. FLAT-FISH, 7i. A fish with a flat body, which swims on the side, and has both eyes on one side, as the flounder, halibut, &c. In and 'near New York, a small salt-water fish of the_flounder kind, esteemed excellent food. FLAT'-I-RON (-I-um), n. An instrument used in smoothing clothes. FLAT'-LONG, adv. With the flat side downward ; not edge- wise. — Shak. FLAT'-NoSED (-nozd), a. Having a flat nose.— Burton. FLAT-ROOFED (-rooft), a. Having a flat roof. tFLI'TIVE, a. [L. flatus.] Producing wind ; flatulent. FLATLY, adv. 1. Horizontally ; without inclination. 2. Evenly ; without elevations and depressions. 3. Without spirit; dully; frigidly. 4. Peremptorily; positively; down- right. FLATNESS, n. 1 Evenness of surface ; levelness ; equal- ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead- ness ; vapidness ; insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune ; low state.— Shak. 5. Dejection of mind ; a low state of the spirits ; depression ; want of life. 6. Dullness ; want of point ; insipidity ; frigidity. 7. Gravity of sound, as op- posed to sharpness, acuteness, or shrillness. FLATTED, pp. Made flat; rendered even on the surface ; also, rendered vapid or insipifi. FLATTEN (flatfta), v. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To make flat ; to reduce to an equal or even surface; to level. 2. To teat down to the ground ; to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in- sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress ; to deject, as the spirits ; to dispirit. — 5. In music, to depress, as the voice ; to render less acute or sharp. — To flatten a sail, in m.arin* language, is to extend a sail lengthwise of the vessel, so that its effect is only lateral. — Brande. FLATTEN (flat'tn), v. i. 1. To grow or become even on the surface. 2. To become dead, stale, vapid, or tasteless. 3. To become dull or spiritless.— 4. In music, to depress the voice; to render a sound less sharp. FLATTENED, pp. or a. Made flat. FLAT'TEN-ING, ppr. Malting flat. FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing ia flattened. FLAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. flatter.] 1. To soothe by praise ; to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness ; to please a person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please ; to gratify. 3. To praise falsely ; to encourage by favorable notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations or indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations DC VE ;— BULL, UNITE •- AN"GER, VfCIOUS.—G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FLA 410 FLE ft » "t-d ' ^lded 6 To please; to soothe. — DTyden, 7. Tt vVhee.Jt •; to coax; to attempt to win. FLATTERED, pp. Soothed by praise ; pleased by com- mend itiou; gratified with hopes, false or well founded ; wheedled. PLATTEB.-ER, n. One who flatters; a fawner; a wheed- ler ; one who praises another. FLATTER-ING, ppr. 1. Gratifying with praise ; pleasing by applause; wheeiling; coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride or vanity ; gratifying to self-love. 3. Pleasing ; favorable ; encouraging hoj e. 4. Practicing adulation ; uttering false praise; adulatory; parasitical. FLAT'TER-JNG-LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2. In a manner to favor ; with partiality. FLATTER- Y, 7i. [Fr. flatterie.] 1. False praise; commend- ation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Adula- tioc ; obsequio isness ; wheedling ; sycophancy ; parasit- ism. 3. Just commendation which gratifies self-love. FLATTING, n. 1. A mode of painting, in which the paint, being mixed with turpentine, leaves the work fiat, or with- out gloss. — Brandt. 2. A method of preserving gilding un- bumished by touching it with size. — Kuowlcs. FLATTISH, a. Somewhat flat.— Woodward. FLAT'U-LENCE, In. 1. Windiness in the stomach; air FLAT'U-LEN-CY, ) generated in a weak stomach and in- testines. 2. Airiness"; emptiness ; vanity. — Glenville. FLATtJ-LENT, a. [L. flatulent^. | 1. Windy ; affected with air generated in the stomach and intestines. 2. Turgid with air ; windy. 3. Generating or apt to generate wind in the stomach. 4. Empty ; vain ; big ; without substance or reality ; puffy. FLATH-LENT-LY, adv. In a flatulent manner. fFLAT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Windiness: flatulence. f FLAT'U-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Windy ; generating wind. — Bacon. FLATUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath ; a puff of wind. 2. Wind generated in the stomach ; flatulence. FLATWISE, a. or adv. With the flat side downward or next to another object; not edgewise. * FLAUNT, v. i. 1. To throw or spread out; to flutter ; to display ostentatiously. 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap- pearance. — Boyle. * FLAUNT, n. Any tning displayed for show. * FLAUNTING, ppr. or a. Making an ostentatious display. FLAUNT'ING-LY, adv. In a flaunting way. FLA-VIC'O-MOUS, a. [L.flavus and coma.] Having yellow hah. FLA'VOR, n. [qu. Fr. flairer.] The quality of a substance which affects the taste or smell in any manner ; taste, odor, fragrance, or smell. FLa'VOR, v. t. To communicate some quality to a thing, that may affect the taste or smell. FLa'VORED, pp. or a. Having a quality that affects the sense of tasting or smelling. FLa'VOR-ING. ppr. Giving a flavor to. FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Without flavor ; tasteless. FLa^VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. fFLA'VOUS, a. [L.flavus] Yellow.— Smitk. FLAW, n. JfW. flaw.] 1. A breach ; a crack ; a defect made by breaking or splitting ; a gap or fissure. 2. A defect ; any defect made by violence or occasioned by neglect. 3. A sudden burst of wind ; a sudden gust or blast of short duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and disorder ; a tu- mult ; uproar ; [not used in the United States.] 5. A sudden commotion of mind ; [not used.]— Syx. Blemish ; fault ; imperfection ; spot ; speck. FLAW, v. t. 1. To break ; to crack. 2. To break ; to vio- late ; [little used.] FLAWED (flaud').£p. Broken; cracked. FLAWING. ppr. Breaking; cracldng. FLAWLESS, a. Without cracks ; without defect. \ FLAWN. n. [Sax. fieri a.] A sort of flat custard or pie. t FLA W'TER, v. t. To scrape or pare a skin. FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks ; broken ; defective ; faulty. 2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind. FLAX, n. [Sax. fieax, flex.] 1. A plant of the genus linum, consisting of a single slender scalk, the skin or herl of which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambne. lawn, lace, hasten away. 3. To avoid ; to keep at a distance from. — To flee the question, in legislation, is said of one who leaves his seat to avoid giving his vote. FLEECE (flees), n. [Sax. fleos, flys, flese.] The coat of wooJ shorn from a sheep at one time. FLEECE, v. t. 1. To shear off a covering or growth of wool. 2. To strip of money or property ; to take from, by severe exactions. 3. To spread over, as with wool ; tc make white. FLEECED (fleest), pp. Stripped by severe exactions. FLEECED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces. FLEECE'LESS, a. Having no fleece. FLEE'CER, n. One who strips or takes by severe exac- tions. FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by se- vere demands of fees, taxes, or contributions. FLEE'CY, a. 1. Covered with wool ; woolly. 2. Resem bling wool os 1 a fleece ; soft ; complicated. FLEER, v. i. [Scot. fiyre or fieyr.] 1. To deride; to sneer; to mock ; to gibe ; to make a wry face in contempt, or to grin in scorn." 2. To leer ; to grin with an air of civility. FLEER, v. t. To mock ; to flout at. — Beaum. and Fl. FLEER, n. 1. Derision or mockery, expressed by words or looks. — Shak. 2. A grin of civility. — South. FLEER'ER, n. A mocker ; a fawner. FLEERTNG, ppr. or a. Deriding ; mocking ; counterfeiting an air of civility. FLEER'ING-LY, adv. In a fleering manner. FLEET. [Sax. fieot.] In English names, denotes a flood, a creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river ; as in Fleet street, North-ficte, Fleet Prison. FLEET, 77. [Sax. fiota, fiiet.] A navy or squadron of ships a number of ships in company. FLEET, a. [Ice. fiiotr.] 1. Swift of pace ; moving or able to move with rapidity ; nimble ; light and quick in motion, or moving with lightness and celerity. 2. Moving with velocity, as the wind. 3. Light ; superficially fruitful ; or thin; not penetrating deep, as soil. — Mortimer. 4. Skim- ming the surface. — Mortimer. FLEET, v. i. 1. To fly swiftly ; to hasten ; to flit as a light substance. 2. To be in a transient state. 3. To float. FLEET, v. t. 1. To skim the surface ; to pass over rapidly. — Spenser. 2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and jny ; [not used.] 3. To skim milk ; [local, in England.] FLEET'FOOT, a. Swift of foot; running or able to ruB with rapidity. — Shak. FLEETING, ppr. 1. Passing rapidly ; flying with velochy 2. a. Not durable ; as, a fleeting show. T. Moore. — S\ N Transient; temporary; momentary; transitory, evo-ies cent. • See Synopsis. A, E, f, &e., long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— Mo r E BC* »». FLE 411 FLI FLEETING-DISH. n. A skimming bowL [Local] FLEETING-LY, adv. In a fleeting manner. FLEET'LY, adv. Rapidly; lightly and nimbly; swiftly. FLEETNESS, n. Swiftness ; rapidity ; velocity ; celerity ; speed , nimhleness ; quickness. FLEMING, n A native of Flanders. FLEMISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders. FLENSE, v. t. To cut up a whale and obtain the blubber. FLENS'ING. ?'. The act of cutting up a whale and obtain- ing its blubber. FLESH, n. [Sax. flac, flee, or flasc] 1. A compound sub- stance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the flu- ids. 2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable. 3. The body of beasts and birds used as food, distinct from fish ; as, Roman Catholics eat fish, instead of flesh, in Lent 4. The body, as distinguished from the souL 5. Animal na- ture ; animals of all kinds. 6. Men in general : mankind. 7. Human nature. 8. Tenderness ; human feeling. — Cowper. 9. Carnality; corporeal appetites. 10. A carnal state; a state of unrenewed nature. 11. The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature. 12. The present life ; the state of existence in this world. 13. Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services. 14. Kindred ; stock ; family. — 15. In botany, the soft, pulpy substance of fruit; also, that part of a root, fruit, n, or circmr, stances ; ductility of mind ; readiness to comply ; facility FLEX'I-BLE, a. [L. flexibilis.] 1. That may be bent ; caps ble of being turned or forced from a straignt line or form without breaking; yielding to pressure ; not stiff. 2. Cfi pable of yielding to entreaties, arguments, or other mora force ; that may be persuaded to compliance ; not invinci bly rigid or obstinate ; not inexorable ; not firm. 3. Easi ly managed or turned ; as flexible minds. 4. That mat be turned or accommodated ; as, a flexible principle. Rogers. — Syn. Pliant ; pliable ; supple ; tractable ; man- ageable ; ductile ; obsequious ; inconstant ; wavering. FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Possibility to be bent or turned from a straight line or form without breaking ; easiness to be bent ; pliantness ; pliancy ; flexibility. 2. Facility of mind ; readiness to comply or yield ; obsequiousness 3. Ductility ; manageableness ; tractableness. FLEX'I-BLY, adv. In a flexible manner. FLEX'lLE (fleks'il), a. [L. flexilis.] Pliant; pliable; easily bent ; yielding to power, impulse, or moral force. FLEXING, ppr. Bending. FLEX'ION (fleks'yun), n. [L.flexio.] 1. The act ot bending 2. A bending ; a part bent ; a fold. — Bacon. 3. A turn ; a cast. — Bacon. See Inflection. FLEX'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle whose office is to bend the part to which it belongs ; onnosed to extensor. FLEX'U-OUS (flek'shu-us), la. [L. flexuosus.] 1. Winding. FLEX'U-oSE (flek'ahu-ose), j having turns or windings. 2. Bending; winding; wavering; not steady. — 3. In bota- ny, bending or bent ; changing its direction in a curve. FLEX'URE, n. [L. flexura.] LA winding or bending ; t&ff form of bending ; incurvation. 2. The act of bending. 3. The part bent ; a joint. 4. The bending of the body ; ob- sequious or servile cringe. FLICK. See Flitch. FLICKER, v. i. [Sax. fliccerian.] 1. To flutter ; to flap the wings without flying. 2. To waver, fluctuate, or twinkle , as. the light flickers at a distance. FLICKERING, ppr. 1. Fluttering ; flapping the wings with- out flight. 2. a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; having a flutter- ing motion. FLICKER-ING, n. A fluttering; short, irregular move- ments. FLI€K'ER-ING-LY, adv. In a flickering manner. FLICKER-MOUSE, n. The bat— Ben Jonson. FLl'ER, 7i. 1. One who flies, or flees. 2. A runaway ; a fu- gitive. — Shak. 3. A part oT a machine which, by moving rapidlv, equalizes and regulates the motion of the whole. FLIGHT (flite), n. [Sax. fl'iht.] 1. The act of fleeing ; the act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil ; hasty departure. 2. The act of flying ; a passing through the air by the help of wings ; volitation. 3. The manner of flying. 4. Removal from place to place by flying. 5. A flock of birds flying in company. 6. A number of beings flying or moving through the air together. 7. A number of things passing through the air together ; a volley, as of arrows. 8. A periodical flying of birds in flocks. — 9. In England, the birds produced in the same season. 10. The space passed by flying. 11. A mounting ; a soaring ; lofty elevation and excursion, as of fancy. 12. Excursion ; wandering; extravagant sally. 13. The power of flying. Shak. — 14. In certain lead-works, a substance that flies off in smoke. — 15. Flights are the husks or glume of oats. — Flight of stairs, the series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to another. FLIGHT-SHOT. n. Th<- distance which an arrow flies. t FLIGHTED, a. Taking flight ; flying. FLIGHTT-LY (flife-le), adv. In a flighty manner. FLlGHTI-NESS (flife-nes). n. 1. The state of being flighty or volatile. 2. A slight delirium. — Syn. Levity: giddi ness : volatilitv ; lightness ; wildness. FLIGHTY (flife). a". 1. Fleeting ; swift.— Shak. 2. WTd , indulging the sallies of imagination. 3. Disordered in mind! somewhat delirious. FLIM'FLAM, n. [Ice. flim.] A freak ; a trick. FLIM'SI-LY. adv. In a flimsy manner. FLIM'SI-NESS, n. State or" quality of being flimsy; thin, j weak texture ; weakness ; want of soliditv. ! FLIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] 1. Without strength or i^>lid sub- stance, as an excuse. 2. Without strength or ion t ; spil | itless ; as, flimsy lines. — Pope. 3. Thin; of loose tes*ure, [little used.] — Syn. Weak ; feeble ; light ; superficial ; shah low ; vain. FLINCH, r. i. 1. To shrink ; to withdraw from ; to fail of proceeding, or of performing anv thins:. 2. To fail. FLINCH'ER, n. One who flinches or fails. FL1NCHTNG, ppr. Failing to undertake, perform, or pro- ceed ; shrinking ; withdrawing. FLINCHTNG, n. A shrinking or drawing back undei pain or difficulty. FLINCHTNG-LY, adv. In a flinching manner. FLINDERS, 7i. pi. [D. flenter.] Small pieces or splinters j fragments. [Local in England, sonuliues used in America.^ DftVE ;— bLTLL, UNITE •— AN"GER Vl"CIOUS.— € as K • (1 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as H '.his Obsolete. FLI 412 FLO fLiM^'i:)! MOUSE, n. A bat.— Oooge.. FLING, « t. ; pret. and pp. flung: [Ir. lingim.} 1. To cast, send or throw from the hand ; to hurl. 2. To dart ; to cast with violence ; to send forth. 3. To send forth ; to emit ; to scatter, as colors.— Pope. 4. To throw ; to drive by violence. 5. To throw to the ground; to prostrate. 6. To baffle ; to defeat ; as, to fling a party in a law-suit. —To fling away, to reject ; to discard.— To fling down. 1. To demolish ; to ruin. 2. To throw to the ground.— To fling off, to baffle in the chase ; to defeat of prey.— To fling out, to utter ; to speak. — To fling in, to throw in ; to make an allowance or deduction. — To fling open, to throw open ; to open suddenly or with violence. — To fling up, to relin- quish ; to abandon. FLING, v. i. 1. To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent and irregular motions. 2. To cast in the teeth ; to utter harsh language ; to sneer; to upbraid. — To fling out, to grow unruly or outrageous. — Shak. FLING, n. 1. A throw ; a flounce ; a cast from the hand. 2. A gibe ; a sneer ; a sarcasm ; a severe or contemptuous remark. FLING'ER, w. One who flings ; one who jeers. FLINGING, ppr. Throwing ; casting ; jeering. FLINT, n. [Sax. flint.] 1. In natural history, a sub-species of quartz. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones, or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is generally uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, is very hard, and strikes fire with steel. 2. A piece of this stone used in fire-arms, to strike fire. 3. Any thing proverbially hard. FLINT-GLaSS, n. The purest and most beautiful kind of glass, distinguished by its containing oxyd of lead, to which it owes some of its most valuable qualities. It was origin- ally made of pulverized flints, whence the name. — Brande. Cf TNT'-HFaRT ~) FLINT-HEA.RT-ED s °" Havin S a nard > unfeeling heart. *LINT'Y, a. 1. Consisting of flint. 2. Like flint ; very hard ; not impressible. 3. Cruel ; unmerciful ; inexorable. 4. Full of flint-stones. FLIP, n. A mixed liquor, consisting of beer and spirit sweetened, and also warmed by a hot iron. F LIP'-DOG, n. An iron used, when heated, to warm flip. FLIP'FLAP, adv. or a. Noting the repeated stroke and noise of something broad andloose. — Ash. FLIP'PAN-CY, n. Smoothness and rapidity of speech; vol- ubility of tongue ; fluency of speech. FLIP'PANT, a. [W. llipanu.) 1. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid speech ; speaking with ease and rapidity ; having a voluble tongue ; talkative. 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish. FLIP'PANT-LY, adv. Fluently ; with ease and volubility of speech. FLIPTANT-NESS, n. Fluency of speech ; volubility of tonaue ; flippancy. FLIP'PER, n. The paddle of a sea-turtle ; a large fin of a fish. FLIRE. See Fleer. FLIRT (flurt), v. t. [qu. Sax. fleardian.] 1. To throw with a jerk, or sudden effort or exertion. 2. To toss or throw ; to move suddenly. FLiRT, v. i. 1. To jeer or gibe ; to throw out bantering or sarcastic words. 2. To run and dart about; to act with giddiness, or from a desire to attract notice ; to play at courtship ; to coquet ; to be unsteady or fluttering. FLIRT, n. 1. A sudden jerk ; a quick throw or cast ; a dart- ing motion. 2. A young girl who acts with giddiness, or plays at courtship ; a coquette. FLiPvT, a. Pert; wanton.— Shak. FLIRT- A'TION, n. 1. A flirting ; a quick, sprightly motion. 2. Playing at courtship ; coquetry. FLIRTED, pp. Thrown with a sudden jerk. FLiRTI-GIG, n. A wanton, pert girl.— Grose. FLIRTING, ppr. or a. Throwing ; jerking ; tossing ; darting about ; giddy ; coquettish. FLIRTING-LY, adv. In a flirting manner. FLIT, u. t. [D. vlieden; Sw.flyta.) 1. To fly away with a rapid motion; to dart along; to move with celerity through the air. 2. To flutter ; to rove on the wing. 3. To remove ; to migrate ; to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from one place to another.— 4. In Scotland, to remove from one hab- itation to another. 5. To be unstable ; to be easily or oft- en moved. — Dry den. \ FLIT, a. Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet. FLITCH, n. [Sax. flicce.] The side of a hog salted and cured. —■Swift. FLlTE, v. i. [Sax. flytan.] To scold.— Grose. \ Local 1 FLITTED, pp. Removed ; flown swiftly ; mivg of the tide ; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water i.'i the oc~ar» ; opposed to ebb. 5. A great quantity; an ii>u) da/* in; an ' See Syn jpsis. I. E. I, &c. long.— X. E, 1, &c. short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— M ARtNE, BiR? * ;— M ' \ "«!.' Bf 4. K," FLO 413 FLO cverflowing; abundance; superabundance. 6. A great body or stream of any fluid substance. 7. Menstrual dis- charge. FLOOD, v. t. To overflow ; to inundate ; to deluge. FLOOD'-GITE, n. 1. A gate to be opened for letting water flow through, or to be shut to prevent it. 2. An opening or passage ; an avenue for a flood or great body. FLOOD- MaRK, n. The mark or line to which the tide rises ; high-water mark. FLOOD'ED (flud'ed), pp. Overflowed ; inundated. FLOODING, ppr. Overflowing; inundating. FLOOD'ING, n. Any preternatural discharge of blood from the uterus. FLOOR, n. The arm of an anchor. See Fluke, the usual orthography. FLOORING, n. In mining, an interruption or shifting of a lode of ore by a cross vein or fissure. FLOORT, a. Furnished with flooks, or flukes. FLOOR (flore), n. [Sax. flor, ftore.] 1. That part of a build- ing or room on which we walk. 2. A platform of boards or planks laid on timbers. 3. A story in a budding ; as, the first floor, which, in England, is the pne above the ground-floor, called, in America, the second story. 4. A flat, ard surface, made of loam, lime, &c., used in some kinds of business, as in malting. 5. The bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson. FLOOR, v. t. 1. To lay a floor ; to cover timbers with a floor; to furnish with a floor. 2. To strike down; to prostrate ; as, to floor an antagonist ; [applied to boxing or wrestling.] — 3. Figuratively, to put down or silence by some decisive argument, retort, &c. — Coleridge. FLOOR'-CLOTH, n. Oil-cloth, or painted cloth, for cover- ing floors. FLOOR'-TIM-BERS, n. pi. The timbers on which a floor is laid. FLOORjED, pp. Covered with boards, plank, or pavement ; furnished with a floor ; struck down. FLOORING, ppr. Laying a floor ; furnishing with a floor ; striking down. FLOORING, n. 1. A platform ; the bottom of a room or building ; pavement. 2. Materials for floors. FLOOR'LESS, a. Having no floor. FLOP, v. t. [a different spelling of flap.] 1. To clap or strike the wings. 2. To let down the brim of a hat. FLO'RA, n. [L.] 1. In antiquity, the goddess of flowers. — 2. In modern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or plants. 3. The plants of a particular country. FLORAL, a. [L. floralis.] 1. Containing the flower ; imme- diately attending the flower. 2. Pertaining to Flora, or to flowers. FLOR'EN, In. An ancient gold coin of Edward III., of FLORENCE. 5 six shillings sterling value. FLORENCE, n. 1. A kind of cloth. 2. A kind of wine from Florence, in Italy. FLOR'EN-TiNE, n. 1. A native of Florence. 2. A kind of silk cloth, so called. "LO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. florescens.] In botany, the season when plants expand their flowers. FLO'RET, n. [Fr. fleurette.] A little flower ; the partial or separate little flower of an aggregate flower. FLO'RI-AOE, n. [Fr. florl] Bloom ; blossom.— J. Scott. FLORTD, a. [L. floridus.] 1. Literally, flowery ; covered or abounding with flowers ; [little used.] 2. Bright in color ; flushed with red ; of a lively red color. 3. Embellished with flowers of rhetoric ; enriched with lively figures ; splendid ; brilliant. FLO-RID'I-TY, n. Freshness or brightness of color ; flor- idness. FLOR'ID-LY, adv. In a showy and imposing way. — A. Wood. FLORTD-NESS, n. 1. Brightness or freshness of color or complexion. 2. Vigor; spirit; [little used.] 3. Embellish- ment ; brilliant ornaments ; ambitious elegance ; [applied to style.] FLO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.florifer.] Producing flowers. ?LOR-I-FI-€ 1TION, n. The act or time of flowering. FLOTtl-FORM, a. In the form of a flower. FLORTN, n. [Fr. florin ; It. fiorino.] A coin, originally made at Florence. The silver florins vary in value from Is. to 25 id. sterl. ; the geld florin of Hanover is valued at 6s. lid. t LoTJST, n. [Fr. fleuristc] 1. A cultivator of flowers ; one skilled in flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an ac- count of plants. tFLOR'U-LENT, a. Flowery ; blossoming. FLOS'-GU-LAR, > a. In botany, aflosculous flower is a com- FLOS'CU-LOUS, i pound flower, composed of florets with funnel-shaped petals. FLOS'CULE, n. [L.flosculus.] In botany, a partial or lesser floret of an aggregate flower. FLOS FER'RT^n. [L.] A mineral, a variety of arragonite, called coralloidal arragonite. FLOSS, n. [L. flos.] 1. A downy or silky substance in the husks of certain plants. — Tooke. 2. A fluid gloss floating on iron in the furnace, produced by the vitrification of ^""dove^buli oxyds and earths. — lire. 3. Untwisted filaments of ths finest silk, used in embroidery on satin, &c. FLOSS'-SILR, n. An inferior kind of silk, from bad co- coons, ravelings, &c, which is carded and spun like flax, and used in making the coarser fabrics. FLOS-SI-FI-Ca'TION, n. A flowering ; expansion of flow ers. — Med. Repos. [Novel] FLO'TA, n. [Sp.l A fleet ; but appropriately, a fleet of Span. ish ships which formerly sailed every year from Cadiz to Vera Cruz. FLoTAoE, n. [Fr. flottage.] That which floats on the eea or on rivers. [Little used.] FLO-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating, t FLOTE, v. t. To skim.— Tusser. FLO-TIL'LA, n. [dim. of flota.] A little fleet, or fleet o. small vessels. FLOTSAM, \n. Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on FLOT'SON, 5 the sea. t FLOTT.EN, pp. Skimmed. FLOUNCE (flouns), v. i. [D. plonssen.] 1. To throw the limbs and body one way and the other ; to spring, turn or twist with sudden effort or violence ; to struggle, as a horse in mire. 2. To move with jerks or agitation. FLOUNCE, v. t. To deck with a flounce. FLOUNCE, n. 1. A sudden jerking motion of the body. 2. A narrow piece of cloth sewed to a petticoat, frock, or gown, with the lower border loose and spreading. FLOUNCED (flounst), pp. Decked with a flounce. FLOUN'CLNG, ppr. Decking with a flounce. FLOUNDER, n. [Sw. fiundra.] A flat-fish, smaller than the halibut, and generally found in rivers near the sea. FLOUNDER, v. i. To fling the limbs and body, as in making efforts to move ; to struggle, as a horse in the mire ; to roll, toss, and tumble. FLOUNDER-ING, ppr. Making irregular motions ; strug- gling with violence. FLOUR, n. [originally flower ; Fr. fleur.] The edible parj of ground corn or grain ; meal. FLOUR, v. t. [Sp. flor ear.] 1. To grind and bolt ; to convert into flour. 2. To sprinkle with flour. FLOURED (flourd), pp. Converted into flour ; sprinkled with flour. FLOURING, ppr. Converting into flour ; sprinkling with flour. FLOURTNG, n. The business of converting gram into flour FLOURISH (fiur'ish), v. i. [L. floresco.] 1. To thrive ; to grow luxuriantly ; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy, growing plant. 2. To be prosperous ; to increase in wealth or honor ; to prosper. 3. To grow in grace and in good works ; to abound in the consolations of religion 4. To be in a prosperous state ; to grow or be augmented 5. To use florid language ; to make a display of figures and lofty expressions ; to be copious and flowery. 6. To make bold strokes in writing ; to make large and irregular fines 7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. — 8. In music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without settled form. 9. To boast ; to vaunt ; to brag. FLOURISH (fiur'ish), v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers or beautiful figures, either natural or artificial ; to ornament with any thing showy. 2. To spread out : to enlarge into figures. — Bacon. 3. To move in bold or irregular figures ; to move in circles or vibrations by way of show or tri- umph ; to brandish, as a sword. 4. To embellish with the flowers of diction ; to adorn with rhetorical figures ; to grace with ostentatious eloquence ; to set off with a parade of words. — Collier. 5. To adorn; to embellish. — ShaJc. 6. To mark with a flourish or irregular stroke. FLOURTSH (fiur'ish), n. 1. Beauty ; showy splendor.— Crashaw. 2. Ostentatious embellishment ; ambitious co- piousness or amplification ; parade of words and figures ; show. 3. Figures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fan- ciful strokes of the pen or graver. 4. A brandishing ; the waving of a weapon or other thing. FLOURISHED (flur'isht), pp. Embellished ; adorned with bold and irregular figures or fines ; brandished. FLOUR'ISH-ER (flur'ish-er), n. 1. One who flourishes ; one who thrives or prospers. 2. One who brandishes. 3. One who floras with fanciful figures. FLOUR/ISH-LNG (flurtsh-ing), ppr. or a. Thriving ; pros- perous ; increasing ; making a show. FLOUR'ISH-ING-LY (fluriish-mg-ly), adv. With flourishes ; ostentatiously. FLOUT, v. t. [Scot, flyte.] To mock or insult ; to treat with contempt. — Walton. FLOUT, v. i. To practice mocking ; to sneer ; to behave with contempt. FLOUT, 7i. A mock ; an insult. FLOUTED, pp. Mocked ; treated with contempt FL OUTER, n. One who flouts and flings ; a mocker. FLOUTING, ppr. Mocking j insulting ^fleering. FLOUTING-LY, adv. With flouting ; insultingly. FLOW, v. i. [Sax. flowan.] 1. To move along an inclined plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of grav- UNITE ,— AN"GER, VJ"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FLO 414 FLU ity, ai 1 with a continual change of place among the par- ticles or parts, as a fluid. 2. To melt ; to become liquid. 3 To proceed ; to issue ; as, to flow from any cause. 4. To abound ; to have in abundance. 5. To be full : to be copious ; as, flowing cups or goblets. 6. To glide along smoothly, without harshness or asperity. 7. To be smooth, as composition or utterance. 8. To hang loose and wav- ing. 9. To rise, as the tide ; opposed to ebb. 10. To move in the arteries and veins of the body , to circulate, as blood; 11. To issue, as rays or beams of light. 12. To move in a stream, as air. FLoW, v. t. To cover with water; to overflow ; to inun- date. FLoW, n. 1. A stream of water or other fluid ; a current. 2. A current of water with a swell or rise ; opposed to ebb. 3. A stream of any thing. 4. Abundance ; copious- ness with action ; as, a flow of spirits. 5. A stream of dic- tion, denoting abundance of words at command, and facil- ity of speaking ; volubility. 6. Free expression or com- munication of generous feelings and sentiments ; as, " the flow of soul." FL5W.ED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated. FLOWER, n. [Fr. fleur ; Sp. flor.] 1. In botany, that part of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with their coverings. — 2. In popular language, a blossom or flower is the "flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are expanded. 3. The early part of life, or, rather, of man- hood ; the piime ; youthful vigor ; youth. 4. The best or finest part of a thing ; the most valuable part. 5. The finest part ; the essence ; as, the choice and flower of all things. — Hooker. 6. He or that which is most distinguish- ed for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part of grain pul- verized. In this sense, it is now always written flour, which see. — Flowers, pi. 1. In old chemistry, fine particles of bodies, especially when raised by fire in sublimation ; equivalent to sublimate ; as, the floioers of sulphur. — 2. In rhetoric, figures and ornaments of discourse or composi- tion. 3. Menstrual discharges. .f LOWER, v. i. 1. To blossom ; to bloom ; to expand the petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of life ; to flourish ; to be youthful, fresh, and vigorous. 3. To froth ; to ferment gently ; to mantle, as new beer. — Bacon. 4. To come as cream from the surface. — Milton. I LOWER, v. I.- To embellish with figures of flowers ; to adorn with imitated flowers. FLOWER-BEARING, a. Producing flowers. FLOWER-BUD, n. The bud which produces a flower. FLOWER-eRO WNED, a. Crowned with flowers. FLOWER-FENCE h. The Barbadoes flower-fence is a beau- tiful ti-opical bush, with prickly branches and showy yel- low or red flowers ; so called because sometimes used for hedges in the West Indies. — P. Cyc. FLOWER-GaR'DJEN, n. A garden in which flowers are chiefly cultivated. FLOWER-gEN'TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth. FLOWER-IN-WoV'£N, a. Adorned with flowers. FLOWER-KiR'TL.ED (-kurfld), a. Dressed with garlands of flowers. — Milton. FLOWER-STALK (-stawk), n. In botany, the peduncle of a plant, or the stem that supports the flower. FLOWER-AGE, n. Flowers taken collectively ; the state of beina: in flower. FLOWER-DE-LuCE, n. [Fr. fleur de Us.] In botany, the iris, a genus of herbaceous perennial plants, called, also, flag-flower, and sometimes written flower-de-lis. FLOWERED, pp. or a. 1. Expanded into flowers. 2. Em- bellished with figures of flowers. FLOWER-ET, n. [Fr. fleurette.) A small flower ; a floret. — Dryden. [Floret is used in botany.] FLOWER-FUL, a. Abounding with flowers. FLOWER-I-NESS, a. 1. The state of being flowery, or of abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech ; abund- ance of figures. FLOW'ER-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Blossoming; blooming; ex- panding the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial flowers, or figures of blossoms. FLOWER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants blossom. 2. The act of adorning with flowers. FLOWER-LESS, a. 1. Having no flowers. Chaucer. — 2. In botany, having no flowers or organs of fructification.— Lvndley. FLOWER-LE8S-NESS, n, Destitution of flowers. FLOW ER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers ; abounding with blos- soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the fi°nres of blossoms. 3. Highly embellished with figurative lan- guage ; florid. FLOWING, ppr. or a. Moving as a fluid ; issuing ; pro- ceeding; abounding; fluent or smooth, as style; inun- dating. FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ; an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise or great abundance of water. FL5 W'ING-LY, adv. With volubility ; with abundance. FLoWING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction ; stream of diction. — Nichols. FL5WK, ) n. [Sax.^oc] A flat fish much like the common FLuKE, 5 flounder. — Carew. FL5WN, pp. of fly. FLu'ATE, n. In chemistry, a supposed compound of fluoric acid with a base ; properly, fluorid. FLUCTUANT, a. [L. fluctuans.] Moving like a wave ; wavering ; unsteady. — L 1 Estrange. FLUC'TU-aTE, v. i. [L.fluctuo.] 1. To move as a wave: to roll hither and thither ; to wave. 2. To float backward and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in one direc- tion and now in another ; to be wavering or unsteady. 4. To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise and fall ; to be in an unsettled state ; to experience sudden vicissi- tudes. — Syn. To waver ; vacillate ; hesitate ; scruple, FLUC'TU-A-TING, ppr. 1. Wavering ; rolling as », wave ; moving in this and that direction , rising and faaang. 2. a Unsteady ; wavering ; changeable. FLU€-TU-A'TION, n. [L. fluctuatio.] 1. A motion like thai of waves ; a moving in this and that direction. 2. A wav- ering ; unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly. FLUD'ER, ? n. An aquatic fowl of the diver kind, nearly FLUD'DER, 3 as large as a goose. FLuE (flu), n. A passage for smoke in a chimney. FLuE, ?i. [G. flaum; Lat. pluma.] Light down, such as rises from beds, cotton, Sec. ; soft down, fur, or hair- Tooke. FLU-EL'LEN, n. The speedwell, a plant. tFLu'ENCE, for fluency. FLu'EN-CY, n. [L. fluens.] 1. The quality of flowing , |ap» plied to speech or language ;] smoothness ; freedom from harshness. 2. Readiness of utterance ; facility of words ; volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance ; [obs.] FLu'ENT, a. 1. Liquid; flowing. — Bacon. 2. Flowing; passing. — Ray. 3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble ; copious ; having words at command, and uttering them with facility and smoothness. 4. Flowing ; voluble ; smooth. FLu'ENT, n. 1. A stream ; a current of water ; [little used.] — 2. In analysis, a variable quantity, considered as increas- ing or diminishing. The term integral is now used in- stead of fluent. FLu'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow ; volubly ; without hesitation or obstruction. FLu'G.EL-MAN (flu'gl-man), n. [G.] In German, the leader of a file. — But with us, one who stands in front of a body of soldiers, and whose motions in the manual exercises they all simultaneously follow. FLU'ID, a. [L. fluidus.] Having parts which easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which easily yield to pressure ; that may flow ; liquid, as water, spirit, air. FLu'ID, n. Any substance whose parts easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which yields to the slightest pressure ; a liquid ; opposed to solid. FLU-ID'I-TY, n, The quality of being capable of flowing ; that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to the slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or change their relative position without a separation of the mass ; a liquid state ; opposed to solidity. FLtJ'ID-NESS, n. The state of being fluid ; fluidity, which see. FLuKE, re. That part of an anchor which fastens in the ground. FL8WK \ n - A fl at fish much like the flounder. FLuKE'-WoRM (-wurm), n. A small flat worm often found in the intestines of sheep ; called gourd-worm, from its re- semblance to the seed of a gourd. FLuME, n. [Sax.^zm.J The passage or channel for the water that drives a mill-wheel. FLUM'MER-Y, n. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jeUy made of flour or meal ; pap. Locke. — 2. In vulgar use, any thing insipid or nothing to the purpose ; flattery. FLUNG, pret. and pp. of fling. FLUNK'Y, n. A term of contempt for one who is mean an4 base-spirited ; perhaps from the Scottish flunkie, a livery servant. [England.] From this, the term flunkyism has been formed. FLU-O-Bo'RATE, n. A compound of fluoboric acid with a base. FLU-O-Bo'RIC, a. The fluoboric acid or gas is a compound of fluorine and boron ; also called fluorid of boron. FLU'OR, n. [Low L.] 1. A fluid state ; [rare.] 2. Men- strual flux ; [rare.] — 3. In mineralogy, a beautiful mineral often crystallized, composed of fluorid of r-alcium, and usu ally called fluor-spar. FLU-OR'IC, a. Pertaining to fluor ; obtained from fluor. FLu'OR-ID, n. A compound of fluorine with a n ctallic or combustible base. FLfi'OR-iNE. n. An element in the form of t ?ellowis\j Sec Synopsis. A, E , I, &c. long.— A, K 1. &c, short.— F aR. FA.LL, WHAT — PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD . ■ Mp. Heated with liquor ; agitated; confused. FLtJTE, n. [Fr. flute.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a pipe with lateral holes and keys, played by blowing with the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with the fingers. 2. A furrow or channel cut along the shaft of a column or pilaster ; a similar channel in the muslin of a lady's ruffle. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs or floor timbers. 4. Armed en flute; said of a ship when part of lier guns are taken out. FLuTE, v. i. To play on a flute. — Chaucer. FLuTE, v. t. To form flutes or channels in a column ; to form corresponding channels in the muslin of a lady's ruffle. FLuTE'-STOP, n. A range of wooden pipes in an organ, designed to imitate the flute. — P. Oyc. FLfjT'EB, pp. or a. 1. Channeled; furrowed. — 2. In music, thin ; fine ; flute-like. Busby. FLuT'ER, n. One who plays on the flute. — Chaucer. FLuT'ING, ppr. Channeling ; forming furrows ; as in a column. FLuT'ING, n. A channel or furrow in a column, or in the muslin of a lady's ruffle ; fluted work. FLuT'IST, n. A'performer on the flute. — Busby. FLUTTER, v. i. [Sax. floteran.] 1. To move or flap the wings rabidly, without flying, or with short flights ; to hover. 2* To move about briskly, irregularly, or with great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move with quick vibrations or undulations ; to vibrate ; to un- dulate. 4. To be in agitation ; to move irregularly ; to fluctuate ; to be in uncertainty. FLUTTER, v. t. 1. To drive in disorder ; [little used.] 2. To hurry the mind ; to agitate. 3. To disorder ; to throw into confusion. FLUTTER, n. 1. Quick and irregular motion ; vibration ; undulation. 2. Hurry ; tumult ; agitation of the mind. 3. Confusion ; disorder ; irregularity in position. FLUTTERED, pp. Agitated; confused; disordered. FLUTTExv-ING, ppr. or a. Flapping the wings without flight or with short flights ; hovering ; agitating. FLUTTER-ING, n. Tho act of hovering, or flapping the wings without flight ;' a wavering ; agitation. FLUTTER-ING-LY, adv. In a fluttering manner. FLuTY. a. Having the sound of a flute. FLU'VI-AL-IST, n. One who explains phenomena by ex- isting streams. — Am. Quart. FLU-V1-ATTG, } a. [L. fluviaticus.] Belonging to rivers ; FLu'VT-AL, 5 growing or living in streams or ponds. FLO'VIA-Tf LE, a. [L. fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers ; existing in rivp-rs; as fluviaxile strata. FLUX, n. [L. fluxus.] 1. The act of flowing ; the motion or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of arv thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issu*= of matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or e vacua, tion. — 4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide ; opposed to reflux. — 5. In chemistry and metallurgy, any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals 6. Fusion ; a liquid state from the operation of heat. 7. That which flows or is discharged. 8. Concourse, con- fluence ; [little used.] FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant succession of parts ; inconstant ; variable. [Not well au- thorized.] FLUX, v. t. 1. To melt ; to fuse ; to make fluid. 2. Tc salivate.— South; [little used.] FLUX-a'TION, n. A flowing or passing away, and giving place to others. — Leslie. FLUXED (flukst), pp. Melted ; fused ; reduced to a flow- ing state. FLUX-1-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion. FLUX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused. . FLUX-IL'I-TY, n. [Low h.fluxilis.] The quality of admit- ting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied. FLUX'iON (fluk'shun), n. [L.fluxio.] 1. The act of flowing. 2. The matter that flows.— -3. In mathematics, the same with differential, which see. — 4. Fluxions, a department of analysis. It is the same with the differential and inte- gral calculus. See Calculus. FLUX'ION-AL, \a. Pertaining to mathematical flux- FLUX'ION-A-RY, 5 ions. FLUX'ION-IST, n. One skilled in fluxions.— Berkeley. t FLUX'IVE, a. Flowing ; wanting solidity. — Ben Jonson. t FLUX'UPwE, n. A flowing or fluid matter.— Drayton. FLY, v. i. ; pret. flew ; part, flown. [Sax. fleogan.] 1. To move through air by the aid of winds, as fowls. 2. To pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse. 3. To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or ce- lerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in any manner. 6. To pass away ; to depart ; with the idea of haste, swiftness, or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time, Swiftly the fleeting hours. 8. To part suddenly or with violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To flee ; to mn away ; to attempt to escape ; to escape. 12. To flutter ; to vibrate or play, as a flag in the wind. To fly at, to spring toward ; to rush on ; to fall on suddenly. — To fly in the face. 1. To insult. 2. To assail ; to resist ; to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence ; to act in di- rect opposition. — To fly off. 1. To separate or depart sud- denly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open suddenly or with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out; also, to burst into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3. To stert or issue with violence from any direction. — To let fly. 1. To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence. — 2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly and entirely. FLY, v. t. 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline ; that is, pri- marily, to flee from. 2. To quit by flight. 3. To attack by a_bird of prey ; [obs.] 4. To cause to float in the air. FLY, n. [Sax. fleoge.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of va- rious species, whose wings are transparent. — In common language, the house-fly, of the genus musca. — 2. In me- chanics, a cross with leaden weights at the ends, or some other contrivance to equalize the motion in the various parts of a machine, or to accumulate power for a very great instantaneous impression. 3. That part of a vane which points and shows which way the wind blows. 4. The extent of an ensign, flag, or pendant from the stafl' to the end that flutters loose in the wind. 5. A light carriage. — 6. In printing, one who takes the sheets from the press in cases demanding expedition. FLy'-BaNE, n. An herb called catch-fly. FLY'-BIT-TEN, a. Marked by the bite of flies.— Shak. FLY'-BLoW, v. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly ; to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. FLY'-BLoW, n. The egg of a fly. FLy'-BLoWN, pp. or a. Tainted with maggots. FLY'-BoAT, n. 1. A light, swift kind of boat used on fianals, 2._ A large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel. FLY'-€ATCH-ER, n. 1. One who hunts flies.— 2. In zooU gy, a name common to many species of birds, which catch flies and other insects as they fly. FLY'-FISH, v. i. To angle with flies for bait. FLy'-FISH-ING, n. Angling ; the art of angling for fish with flies, natural or artificial, for bait. FLT'-FLAP, n. Something to drive away flies. — Congrcvc, FLY'-H6N'EY-SI)€K-LE, n. A plant, the lonicera. FLy'-LeAF, n. A leaf of blank paper at the beginning and end of a book. FLY'-POW-DER, n. An imperfect oxyd of arsenic, which, mixed with sugar and water, is used to kill flies. — Brands FLy'-PlaIL, n. That part of a table which turns out to sup- port the leaf. FLY'-SHOOT-ER, n. One who shoots flies. DOVE ;— BULL, UNTL ;- \N"GER, VT'CIOUS.— G as R; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete. FOO 416 FOX FLf'-SI'ECK, n. A name given to excrementitious stains of ins-jets, especially of the common house-fly. FLf'-TRAP, n. A sensitive plant, called Venus' s fly-trap. FLY- WHEEL, n. A wheel in machinery that equalizes its movements, or accumulates power for a very great instan- taneo\is impression. FLf'ER, n. 1. One who flies or flees ; usually written flier. 2. One who uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack. — 4. In ar- chitecture, a term applied to the steps in an ordinary flight of stairs which are parallel to each other, as opposed to winding stairs. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies round an elevated post. — 6. Ityers, that part of a spinning- machine or wheel, which, with a rapid motion, spins the thread. FLY'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass- ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float- ing ; waving. 3. a. Moving ; light, and suited for prompt motion. — Flying colors, a phrase expressing triumph. FLY'ING, n. The act of moving in the air with wings ; flight. FLy'ING-aR-TIL'LE-RY, n. Artillery trained to very rapid evolutions. In passing from one part of the field to an- other, the men spring on the guns, which are drawn by horses at full gallop. F*LY'ING-BRID&E, n. A bridge of pontoons ; also, a large flat-bottomed boat, anchored up stream, which is made to pass like a ferry-bo at from one side of a river to the other by the force of the current. FLY'JNG-BUT'TRESS, n. A contrivance for strengthening the nave or central part of a Gothic edifice, when it rises considerably above the side aisles or wings. It consists of a kind of brace, in a curved form or half arch, thrown across from the tops of the side-aisle buttresses to the nave, propping it up, and preventing it from crowding outward under the pressure from above. From its thus passing through the air over the roof of the side aisles, it is called & flying-buttress. FLY'ING-CAMP, n. A camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. FLY'LNG-FISH, n. A name common to those fishes which nave the power of sustaining themselves in the air for a time by means of their long pectoral fins. FLyTNG-PaRTY, n. In military affairs, a detachment of men employed to hover about an enemy. FL?TNG-PIN'ION. n. The part of a clock having a fly or fan, by which it gathers air, and checks the rapidity of the clock's motion when the weight descends in the strik- ing part. FLY' ING-SQUtR'REL, n. A specie of squirrel having an expansive skin on each side, reaching from the fore to the hind legs, by which it is borne up in leaping. F5AL, n. [Sax. fola, fole.] The young of the equine genus of quadrupeds, and of either sex ; a colt or filly. FoAL, v. t. To bring forth a colt or filly ; to bring forth young, as a mare or a she-ass. FoAL, v. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certaiu other beasts. FoAL-FOOT, n. The coif s-foot, tussilago. FoAL'Blt/n. A plant. FoALiSD, pp. Disburdened of a foal, as a mare. FoALTNG, n. The act of bringing forth a colt. FoALTNG, ppr. Bringing forth a colt. FoAM, n. [Sax. fam, fam.] Froth ; spume ; the substance which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. FoAM, v. i. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a rage ; to be violently agitated. FoAM, v. t. To throw out with rage or violence : with out. FoAM'-€REST-ED, a. Crested with foam. FoAMjED, pp. Thrown out with rage or violence. FoAM'ING, ppr. or a. Frothing ; fuming. FoAMTNG-LY, adv. Frothily. FoAM'LESS, a. Having no foam. FoAMY, a. Covered with foam ; frothy. FOB, n. [qu. G. fitppe.] A little pocket for a watch. FOB, v. t. [G.foppen.] To cheat; to trick; to impose on.— To fob off, to shift off by an artifice ; to put aside ; to de- lude with a trick.— Shak. [A low word.] FOBBED (fobd), pp. Cheated ; imposed on. JOB'BING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. Fo'CAL, a, [L. focus.) Belonging to a focus.— Focal dis- tance, in optics, the distance between the center of a con- vex lens, or concave mirror, and its focus, or the point jnto which the rays of light are collected.— Brande. FO'CJLE, n. [Fr. focilc.] The greater focile is the ulna or tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser focile is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore- arm or lea;. tFOC-IL-LaTION, n. [L.focillo.] Comfort; support Fo'CUS, n.; pi. Focuses or Foci. [L. focus.] 1. In optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet, after bfiing reflected or refracted. — 2. In conic sections, a term applied to certain points in the parabola, ellipse, and hy- perbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; point of con centration. FODTJER n. [Sax. fodder or fother.] 1. Food or dry fooa for cattle, horses, and sheep, as hay, straw, and other kinds of vegetables. — 2. In mining, a weight for lead and some other metals, usually about 2400 pounds ; also written fother. FOD'DER, v. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass. FODTJER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle. FODT)ER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c. Fo'DI-ENT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging ; throwing up with a spade. . [Little used.] F5E (fo), n. [Sax. fall.] 1. An enemy ; one who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge, or malice against another. 2- An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war - with another ; an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op- ponent ; an antagonist ; an enemy ; one who opposes any thing in principle ; an ill-wisher. t FoE, v. t. To treat as an enemy. — Spenser. t FoE'HOOD, n. Enmity.— Bedell. FoE'-LlKE, a. Like an enemy. — Sandys. t FoE'MAN, n. An enemy in war. — Spenser. FCET'I-ClDE (fef e-side), n. [L. foetus and ccedo.] In law, the act by which criminal abortion is produced. — Beck. [New.] FCE'TUS. See Fetus. FOG, n. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vapor near the sur- face of the land or water. 2. A cloud of dust or smoke. FOG, In. 'W. fwg.] After-grass; a second growth of FOGGE, 5 grass ; but it signifies, also, long grass that re- mains in pastures till winter. Dead grass" remaining on land during winter, is called, in New England, the old tore. FOG, v. t. To overcast ; to darken. — Sherwood. FOG, v. i. [Fr. vogue.] To have power. — Milton. FOG'-BANK, n. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather, sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van- ishes as it is approached. FOG'GAdE, n. Rank or coarse grass not mowed or eaten down in summer or autumn. — Farm. Encyc. FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily. FOG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being foggy ; a state of the air filled with watery exhalations. FOG'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex- halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors 3. Producing frequent fogs. 4. Dull ; stupid ; clouded in understanding. Foil. An exclamation of abhorrence or contempt; the same as poh and/y. t FOI'BLE, a. Weak.— Herbert. FOI'BLE, n. [Fr. foible.] A weak point in character.— Syn. Weakness ; failing ; imperfection ; infirmity ; frailty ; de feet; fault. FOIL, v. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 1. To frustrate ; to defeat ; to disappoint, as an adversary ; to render vain or nugato- ry, as an effort or attempt. 2. To blunt ; to dull. — Shak. 3. To defeat ; to interrupt, or to render imperceptible. FOIL, n. Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when on the point of being secured; miscarriage. FOIL, n. [W. fwi/l.] A blunt sword, or one that has a but- ton at the end covered with leather; [used in fencing.] FOIL, n. [Fr.feuille; It. foglia.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of metal ; as, tin foil, &c. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of metal placed under precious stones, to increase their brill- iancy, or to give them a particular color. 3. Any thing of another color, or of different qualities, which serves to adorn, or set off another thing to advantage. — Broome. 4. A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a looking-glass, to cause reflection. 5. The track or trail of game when pursued. FO'IL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled.— Cotgrave. FOILED (foild), pp. Frustrated; defeated. FOIL'ER, n. One who frustrates another, and gains an ad- vantage himself. FOILING, ppr. Defeating ; frustrating ; disappointing of success. FOILING, n. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passing deer on the grass. — Todd. FOIN, v. t. [Fr. poindrc] 1. To thrust with a sword or spear. 2. To prick ; to sting ; [not in use.] FOIN, v. i. [Fr. poindre.] To thrust with a sword or spear. FOIN, n. A push; a thrust. — Robinson. FOIN'ING, ppr. Pushing; thrusting. FOIN'ING-LY, adv. In a pushing manner. t FOIS'ON (foi'zn), n. [L. fusio.] Plenty; abundance. FOIST, v. t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or with- out warrant. t FOIST, n. A light and fast-sailing ship.— Beaum. and Fl FOIST, v. i. To stink; to be fusty. FOISTED, pp. Inserted wrongfully. FOIST'ER, n. One who inserts without authority. FOIST'LED (foist'id), a. Musty. See Fusty. See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I. &c .. short. FXR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD : —MOVE, BOOK, FOL 417 FON FOISTINESS, n. Fustiness, which see. FOTSTING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au- thority. FOISTY, a. Fusty, which see. FOLD, 7i. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for sheep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in the held or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep ; hence, figuratively, the Church. 3. A limit ; [not in use.] FOLD, re. [Sax. feald.] 1. The doubling of any flexible sub- stance, as cloth ; complication : a plait ; one part turned or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the same quantit}'' added ; as, four-fold. FoLD, v. t. [Sax. fcaldan.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another, as a letter. 3. To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To confine sheep in a fold. FoLD, v. i. To close over another of the same kind. FoLD'AGE, n. The right of folding sheep. FoLD'ED, pp. Doubled ; laid in plaits ; kept in a fold. FSLD'ER, 7i. 1. An instrument used in folding paper. 2. One who folds. FOLDING, ppr. 1. Doubling ; laying in plaits ; keeping in a fold. 2. a. Doubling ; that may close over another, or that consists of leaves which may close one over an- other. FoLD'ING, n. 1. A fold ; a doubling.— 2. Among farmers, the keeping of sheep in inclosures. FoLD'ING-DoORS (-dorz), n. pi. Two doors which meet in the middle, and either slide back or turn back on hinges, leaving a wide communication between two apart- ments, &c. FOLD'LESS, a. Having no fold.— Milton. FO-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. foliaceus.] 1. Leafy ; having leaves intermixed with flowers. Foliaceous glands are those sit- uated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin lamina?; having the form of a leaf or plate. Fo'LI-AGE, n. [Fr. feuillage.] 1. Leaves in general. 2. A cluster of leaves, flowers, and branches. Fo'LI-AGE, v. t. To work or to form into the representa- tion of leaves. — Drummond. « Fo'LI-A6jED, a. Furnished with foliage. — Shcnstone. Fo'LI-ITE, v. t. [L. foliatus.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate or lamina. 2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver, adv - Immediately; a word borrowed from hunting— Gower. FOOTING, ppr. Dancing ; treading ; settling. FOOTING, n. 1. Ground for the foot ; that which sustains ; firm foundation to stand on. 2. Support ; root. 3. Basis , Vouijd.Htion 4. Place; stable position. 5. Permanent set- tlement, o. Tread ; step ; walk. 7. Dance ; tread to measure. — Shak. 8. Steps ; road ; track ; [little used.] 9. State ; condition , settlement 10. A plain cotton lacet. without figures. — il. In architecture, a term applied to the broad foundations of a wall. — Brandt. FOOTLESS, a. Without feet See .Synopsis, i, Z, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— MAB INL TtRD ,— M r' VE BOQK, FOR 419 FOR FQQTLICK-ER,' u. A mean flatterer ; a sycophant ; a fawner. — Shak. FOOTMAN, n. 1. A soldier who marches and fights on foot 2. A menial servant ; a runner ; a servant in livery. FOOTMAN-SHIP, n. The art or faculty of a runner. FOOTMARK, n. A track ; mark of a foot— Coleridge. FOOTPRINT, n. Ths impression of the foot. FOOTSTEP, n. 1. A track ; the mark or impression of the foot. 2. Token ; mark ; trace ; vestige ; visible sign of a course pursued. — Footsteps, plural. 1. Example. 2. Way ; course. FOP, n. [Sp. and Port. guapo.] A vain man, of weak un- derstanding and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is to gain admiration by showy dress and pertness ; a gay, trifling man ; a coxcomb ; a popinjay. tFOP'DOO-DLE, n. An insignificant fellow.— Hudibras. FOP'LING. ,i. A petty fop.— Tickell. FOP'PER-Y n. 1. Affectation of show or importance ; showy folly. 2. Folly ; impertinence. — Sfiak. 3. Foolery ; vain or idle practice ; idle affectation. FOP'PISH, a. 1. Vain of dress ; finical ; dandyish ; making an ostentatious display of gay clothing ; dressing in the ex- treme of fashion. 2. Vain ; trilling ; affected in manners. FOP'PISH-LY, adv. With vain ostentation of dress ; in a trifling or affected manner. FOP'PISH-NESS, n. Vanity and extravagance in dress ; showy vanity. FOR, prep. [Sax. for, or fore; D. voor ; G. fur and vor ; Sw. for; Dan. for, for.] 1. Against; in the place of; as equiv- alent to. 2. In the place~of ; instead of ; noting substitu- tion; as, to act for another. 3. In exchange of; noting one thing taken or given in place of another. 4. In the place of; instead of. 5. In the character of; noting re- semblance. 6. Toward ; with the intention of going to. 7. In advantage of; for the sake of; on account of. 8. Conducive to ; beneficial to ; in favor of. 9. Leading or inducing to, as a motive. 10. Noting arrival, meeting, coming, or possession ; as, to wait for a thing. 11. To- ward the obtaining of; in order to the arrival at or pos- session of. 12. Against ; in opposition to ; with a tenden- cy to resist and destroy ; as, a remedy for disease. 13. Against or on accout of; in prevention of; [nearly obso- lete.] 14. Because; on account of ; by reason of. 15. With respect or regard to ; on the part of. 16. Through a cer- tain space ; during a certain time. 17. In quest of; in or- der to obtain. 18. According to ; as far as ; as, it is true for aught I know. 19. Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. 20. Toward; of tendency to. 21. In favor of; on the part or side of; that is, toward or inclined to ; [opposed to against.] 22. With a view to obtain ; in or- der to possess. 23. Toward ; with tendency to, or in fa- vor of. 24. Notwithstanding; against; in opposition to. 25. For the use of ; to be used in : that is, toward, noting advantage. 26. In recompense of; in return of. 27. In proportion to ; ar, rather, looking toward, regarding. 28. By means of. 29. By the want of; as, to suffer for food. -^30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. — 31. For to, be- fore an infinitive, denoting purpose, is now obsolete, except in vulgar language. FOR, con). 1. The word by which a reason is introduced of something before advanced. 2. Because ; on this ac- count that ; properly, for that. — For as much, compounded forasmuch, denotes in regard to that, in consideration of. — For why, [Fr. pour quoi,] because ; for this reason. FOR, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a negative or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or away, aside. FOR'AgE, it. [Fr. fourrage ; Sp. forragc.] 1. Food of any kind for horses and cattle ; as, grass, pasture, hay, corn, and oats. 2. The act of providing forage. 3. Search for . provisions ; the act of feeding abroad. — Milton. FOR'AGE, v. i. 1. To collect food for horses and cattle, by wandering about and feeding or shipping the country. 2. To wander far ; to rove ; [obs.] 3. To ravage ; to feed on spoil. — Shak. FOR'AGE, v. t. To strip of provisions for horses, &c. FORA-6ER, n. One who goes in search of food for horses or cattle. FOR'A-oTNG.ppr. or a. Collecting provisions for horses and cattle, or wandering in search of food; ravaging; stripping. FORA-3ING, n. An incursion for forage or plunder. FO-RI'MEN, n.; pi. Fosam'ina. [L.] A small opening; a perforation. FO-RAMTN-I-TED, a. Having little holes.— Buckland. FO-RAM-IN'1-FER n. One of 'the foraminifera. FO-RAM-IN-IF'ER-A, n. pi. A family of very minute shells, consisting of one or more series of chambers, united by a small perforation called a. foramen. — Lyell. rO-RAM-IN-IF'ER-QUS, a. Pertaining to the foraminifera. FO-RAM'IN-OUS, a. [L. foramen.] Full of holes ; perforated in many places ; porous. [Little used.] FCR AS-MUCH. In consideration of; because that See For. FoTlAY, n. An irregular and sudden excursion in bordet warfare. FOR-BIDE' (for-bad'), pret. of forbid. t FOR-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe.—- Sackville. FOR-BEaR' (for-bare'), v. i. ; pret. forbore ; pp. forborne. [Sax. forbaran.] 1. To stop ; to cease ; to hold from pro- ceeding. 2. To pause ; to delay. 3. To abstain ; to omit; to refrain ; to hold one's self from motion, or entering on an affair. 4. To refuse ; to decline. 5. To be patient; K restrain from action or violence. FOR-BEaR', v. t. 1. To avoid voluntarily ; to decline.— Shak. 2. To abstain from ; to omit ; to avoid doing. 3 To spare ; to treat with indulgence and patience. — Kph,. iv., 2. 4. To withhold.— 2 Chron., xxxiv., 21. FOR-BEaR' ANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding, shunning, omitting, or ceasing from. 2. Command of temper ; re- straint of passions. 3. The exercise of patience ; indulg- ence toward those who injure us ; delay of resentment or punishment. — Syn. Abstinence ; refraining; long-suffezijig] lenity ;_mildness. FOR-BEaR'ER, n. One who intermits or intercepts. FOR-BE1RTNG, ppr. 1. Ceasing ; pausing ; withholding . from action; exercising patience and indulgence. 2. a. Patient; long-suffering. FOR-BEIRTNG, n. A ceasing or restraining from action; patience ; long-suffering. FOR-BEaR'ING-LY, adv. In a forbearing manner ; with forbearance. FOR-BID', v. t.; pret forbade ; pp. forbid, forbidden. [Sax. forbeodaji.] Literally, to bid or command against. Hence, 1. To prohibit ; to interdict ; to command to forbear or not to do. 2. To command not to enter. 3. To oppose ; to hinder ; to obstruct. 4. To accurse ; to blast ; [obs.] FOR-BID', v. i. To utter a prohibition ; but, in the intransi- tive form, there is always an ellipsis. FOR-BID', I pp. or a. 1. Prohibited. 2. Hindered; ob- FOR-BID'D^N, 5 structed. FOR-BID'DANCE, n. Prohibition ; command or edict against a thing. — Shak. ; [little used.] FOR-BID'D£N-LY, adv. In an unlawful manner.— Shak. t FOR-BID'D.EN-NESS, n. A state of being prohibited. FOR-BID'DER, n. He or that which forbids or enacts a pro- hibition. FOR-BID'DING, ppr. 1. Prohibiting; hindering. 2. a. Re- pelling approach ; raising abhorrence, aversion, or dislike. — Syn. Disagreeable; unpleasant; displeasing; offensive; repulsive ; odious ; abhorrent. FOR-BID'DING, n. Hinderance ; opposition.— Shak. FOR-BIDTING-LY, adv. In a forbidding manner. FOR-B5RE', pret. of forbear. FOR-B5RNE', pp of forbear FoE-CE, n. [Fr. force; It forza.] 1. Active power; power that may be exerted. 2. Momentum ; the quantity of power produced by motion, or the action of one body on another. 3. That which causes an operation or moral ef- fect. 4. Power exerted against will or consent ; compul- sory power. 5. Moral power to convince the mind ; co- gency ; as, force of reasoning. 6. Virtue ; efficacy. 7. Va- lidity ; power to bind or hold. 8. Strength or power for war ; ai-mament ; troops ; an army or navy. 9. Destiny ; necessity ; any extraneous power to which men are sub- ject 10. Internal power ; as, force of character. — 11. In law, any unlawful violence to person or property. — Phys- ical force is the force of material bodies. — Moral forceis the power of acting on the reason in judging' and determin- ing. — Force, in mechanics, is any thing that moves, or tends to move a body. Thus, pressure is a force, because it tends to produce* motion. — Syn. Strength ; vigor ; might ; energy ; stress ; vehemence ; violence ; compulsion ; co- action ; constraint ; coercion. FoRCE, n. A water-fall, from its violence or power. — Holloway. [Local.] FoRCE, v. t. . 1. To cause to do or to forbear, by the exer tion of a power not resistible. 2. To overpowerby strength — Milton. 3. To cause to move ; to draw or pxish by main strength ; [a sense of very extensive use.] 4. To enforce ; to urge ; as, to force one's strength. — Dry den. 5. To com- pel by strength of evidence, as conviction. 6. To obtain by force ; to take by violence ; to assault and take ; to storm. 7. To storm ; to assault and take by violence. 8. To ravish ; to violate by force, as a female. 9. To over- strain ; to distort. 10. To cause to produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree ; or to cause to ripen prematurely, as fruit 11. To man ; to strengthen by soldiers ; to gar- rison ; [obs.] — To force from, to wrest from; to extort. — To force out, to drive out ; to compel to issue out or to leave ; also, to extort. — To force wine, is to fine it by a short process, or in a short time. — To force plants, is to urge the growth of plants by artificial heat. — To force meat. [Fr.forcir, to stuff,] is to stuff' it— Syn: To compel ; con- strain ; oblige ; necessitate ; coerce ; drive ; press ; impel FoRCE, v. i. 1. To lay stress on ; [obs.] 2. To strive ; [obs.] 3. To use violence. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FOU 4'JO FOR F5RC5D M n) *p. 1. Compelled red , st impelled ; driven by violence; t.'ged ; stermed ; ravished. 2. a. Affected; overstr?ine ORE-KNo W'ER. n. One who foreknows. f oRE-KNdWING. ppr. Knowing beforehand. ■"6RE-KN0 WL'EDGE (-nollej), n. Knowledge of a thing before it happens ; prescience. FoRE-KNoWN' (-none), pp. Known beforehand. FOR'EL, n. A kind of parchment for the cover of books. FoRE'LAND. n. 1. A promontory or cape ; a point of lana extending into the sea; a head land. — 2. In fortification. a piece of ground between the wall of a place and the moat. FoRE-LXY', v. t. 1. To lay wait for : to entrap by ambush 2. To contrive antecedently. FoRE-LeAD'ER, n. One who leads others. F6RE-LEND', v. t. To lend or give beforehand. F6RE'LO€K, n. 1. The lock or hair that grows from the fore-part of the head. — 2. In sea language, a flat piece ot iron driven through the end of a bolt to retain it firmly uj its place. — To take time by the forelock, to seize an opportu nity when presented. FoRE-LOOK', v. t. To look beforehand or forward. FoRE'MAN, n. 1. The first or ehief man ; particularly, the chief man of a jury, who acts as their speaker. 2. The superintendent in a printing-office or other establishment FoRE'MXST, n. The forward mast in any vessel. FoRE'MoST, a. 1. First in place ; most advanced. 2. First in dignity. FoRE'NOON, n. The former part of the day, from the morning to meridian or noon. FO-REN'SAL, a. Forensic. FO-REN'SI€, a. [L. forensis.] Belonging to courts of judi- cature ; used in courts or legal proceedings. FoRE-OR-D UN', v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand ; to preordain ; to predestinate ; to predetermine. FoRE-OR-DAlNJED', pp. Previously ordained. FoRE-OR-DIIN'ING, ppr. Preordaining. FoRE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. Previous ordination or appoint- ment; predetermination; predestination. FoRE'PaSSED, \ a. Passed before a certain time. [Little FORE'PaST, I used.] FoRE-PRlZE', v. t. To prize or rate beforehand. FoRE-PRlZ ED', pp. Prized beforehand. FoRE-PRiZ'ING, ppr. Prizing beforehand. F6RE-PR0M'IS.ED (-prom'ist), a. Promised beforehand; pre-engaged. FoRE-QUoT'ED, a. Cited before ; quoted in a foregoing part of the work. F5R.E-RAN', pret. of forerun. FoRE-ReACH' upon, v. t. In navigation, to gain or advance upon in progression or motion. f FoRE-ReAD', v. t. To signify by tokens. — Spenser FoRE-ReAD'ING, n. Previous perusal.— Hales. FoRE-RE-ClTED, a. Named or recited before. FoRE-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Called to mind previously. FoRE'RlGHT, a. Ready ; forward ; quick. — Massinger FoRE'RlGIIT, adv. . Right forward ; onward. FoRE-RUN', v. t. 1. To advance before ; to come before as an earnest of something to follow; to introduce as a harbinger. 2. To precede ; to have the start of. FoRE-RUN'NER, n. 1. A messenger sent before to give notice of the approach of others ; a harbinger ; a precur- sor. 2. An ancestor or predecessor; [obs.] 3. A prog- nostic ; a sign foreshowing something to follow. FoRE-RUN'NING, ppr. Running before ; preceding. FoRE'SAID (fore'sed), pp. or a. Spoken before. See Afore- said. FoRE'SIIL, n. A sail extended on the fore-yard, which is supported by the foremast. FoRE-SaY', v. t. To predict ; to foretell.— Shak. FoRE-SaY'ING, n. A pr?diction.— Shertoood. FoRE-SEE', v. t. To see beforehand ; to see or know aa event before it happens ; to have prescience of; to for«- know. FoRE-SEE'ING, ppr. Seeing before the event FoRE-SEEN', pp. Seen beforehand. FoRE-SEER', n. One who foresees or foreknows. FoRE-SeIZE', v. t. To seize beforehand. FoRE SeIZ ED', pp. Seized beforehand. FoRE-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Seizing beforehand. FoRE-SHAD'oW, v. t. To shadow or typify beforehand. FoRE-SHAD'oWED, pp. Typified before. FoRE-SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Shadowing beforehand. FoRE-SHAD'o W-ING, n. The act of shadowing beforehand anticipation. FoRE-SHaME', v. t. To shame ; to bring reproach on. FoRE-SHaMED', pp. Shamed before. FoRE-SHXM'ING, ppr. Shaming before. FoRE-SHEW (-sho). See Foreshow. FoRE'SHIP, n. The fore-part of a ship.— Acts, xxvil. FoRE-SHORTEN, v. t. In painting, to represent figures aa they appear to the eye when viewed obliquely. Thus, a carriage-wheel, when viewed obliquely, appears like an el- lipse. Human figures painted on a ceiling are sometime* so foreshortened that the toes appear almost to touch the chin. So, also, in standing near a lofty building, tbo parta above are foreshortened, or appear shorter to the eye than they really are, because seen obliquely from below. FoRE-SHORTEN-ING, n. 1. The shortening of figures. 2. The representation or appearance of objects when viewed obliquely. See Foreshorten. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FOR 422 FOR F 6l E-tIIO W . v. i I To show beforehand ; to prognosticate. ■2. Toyredht; t> foretell. 3. To represent beforehand. P5RE-FH0W LR, n One who predicts. FoRE-fc: HWV [NG, ppr. Showing before ; predicting. FoRE-SBOWN', pp Shown beforehand ; predicted. FORE'STDE, •%. The front side; also, a spacious outside. FORE'SIGHT (-site), n. 1. Pi-escience , foreknowledge ; prognostication ; the act of foreseeing. 2. Provident care of futurity ; foreknowledge accompanied with prudence ; forethought FORE-SlGHT'ED, a. Looking carefully forward ; watching against evil. FORE-SIGHT'FJJL, a. Prescient; provident. [Little used.} FORE-SIG'NI-FYJ v. t. To signify beforehand ; to betoken previously ; to foreshow ; to typify. FORE'SKIN, n. The skin that covers the glans penis ; the prepuce. 76RE'SKiRT (-skurt), n. The loose and pendulous part of a coat before. — Shah. * FORE-SLACK', v. t. To neglect by idleness.— Spenser. , FORE-SLOW',,;y. t. 1. To delay; to hinder; to impede; to obstruct. 2. To neglect ; to omit. r FORE-SLOW, v. i. To be dilatory; to loiter.— Shah. FoRE-SPeAK', v. t. 1. To foresay; to foreshow; to fore- tell or predict. 2. To forbid ; [not used.) 3. To bewitch ; [not used/} T FORE-SPeAKTNG, n. A prediction ; also, a preface. f- FORE'SPEECH, n. A preface.— Sherwood. FORE-SPENT", a. 1. Wasted in strength; tired; exhaust- ed. 2. Past. — Spenser ; [little used.] FORE-SPOK'£N, a. Previously spoken. r FORE-SPUR'RER, n. One who rides before.— Shah. FOR'EST, n. [It. for esta; Fr. for it; Arm. forest.} 1. An ex- tensive wood or a large tract of land covered with trees. —In America, tho word is ustially applied to a wood of native growth. It diners from wood or woods chiefly in extent. — 2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory of woody giounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts ■ and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure. — Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests and preserving game ; [England.] FOR'EST, v. t. To cover with trees or wood. FOR'EST, a. Sylvan; rustic— Sir G. Buck. FOR'EST-BORN, a. Born in a wild.— Shah. FoRE'STaFF, n. An instrument used at sea, before the sextant was invented, for taking the altitudes of heavenly bodies. FOR'EST-AgE, n. An ancient service paid by foresters to _the king ; also, the right of foresters. FoRE-STALL', v. t. 1. To take beforehand. 2. To hinder by preoccupation or prevention. — 3. In law, to buy or bar- gain for corn or provisions of any kind before they arrive at the market or fair, with intent to sell them at higher prices. 4. To deprive by something prior ; [not in use.] — Syn. To anticipate ; preoccupy ; monopolize ; engross. FoRE-STALL ED' (fore-stawld'), p/>. Anticipated ; hindered ; piirchased before arrival in market. FORE-STALL'ER, n. One who forestalls. FoRE-STALL'ING, ppr. Anticipating; hindering; buying provisions before they arrive in market, with intent to sell th^rn at higher prices. FORE-STALLTNG, n. Anticipation; prevention; the act of buying provisions before they are offered in market, with intent to sell them at higher prices. FOR'EST-ED, pp. or a. Covered with trees or forest ; wooded. FOR'EST-ER, n. 1. In England, an officer appointed to watch a forest and preserve the game. 2. An inhabitant of a forest. 3. A forest tree. FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Covering with trees. \ FoRE'SWART, ? „ , . , , , ♦ FoRE'SWAT s a ' Exhausted by heat. — Sidney. f oRETXSTE, n. A taste beforehand ; anticipation. FoRE-TaSTE', v. t. 1. To taste before possession ; to have previous enjoyment or experience of something ; to an- ticipate. 2. To taste before another. FoRE-TaSTED, pp. Tasted beforehand.— Milton. FORE-TaST'ER, n. One who tastes beforehand. FORE-TaST'ING, ppr. Tasting before. FoRE-TAUGHT (-tawt). pp. Tausrht beforehand. FoRE-TeACH', v. t To teach beforehand.— Spenser. FoRE-TELL', v. t. , pret. and pp. foretold. 1. To tell before an event happens 2. To foretoken ; to foreshow. Whar- ton. — Syn. To predict ; prophesy ; prognosticate ; augur. FoRE-TELL', v. i. To utter prediction or prophesy. FORE-TELL'ER, n. One who predicts or prophesies ; a foreshower. — Boyle. FORE-TELL'ING, n. Prediction. FORE-TELL'ING, ppr. Predicting. FoRE-THINK', v. t. 1. To think beforehand ; to anticipate in the mind. 2. To contrive beforehand. FoRE-THINK, v. i. To contrive beforehand. * See Synopsis. A, e, 1, &c, long. — a, E, I, &c, short. — FIR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; FORE-THOUGHT" (fore-thawf), pret. oiforethiv.lt. FORETHOUGHT (fore'thawt), n. 1. A thinking beforehand 2. Provident care. — Syn. Premeditation ; prescience ; fore* sight; anticipation; forecast. FORE'-THOUGHT'FUL, a. Having forethought. FoRE-TO'KEN, v. t. To foreshow ; to presignify , to prog nosticate. FORE-TO'KEN, n. Prognostic ; previous sign. FORE-TO'KENED, pp. Foreshown. FORE-TO'KEN-ING, ppr. Presignifying. FORE-TOLD', #p. Predicted; told before. FORE'TOP, n. 1. The hair on the fore-part of the head. 2. That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, or the top of a periwig. — 3. In ships, the platform erected at the head of the foremast. FORE-TOP'-MaST, n. The mast erected at the head of the foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop- gallant-mast. FOR-EV'ER, adv. [for and ever.} 1. At all times. 2. To eternity ; through endless ages — Syn. Constantly; con- tinually ; invariably ; unchangeably ; incessantly ; always ; perpetually ; unceasingly ; ceaselessly ; interminably ; ev- erlastingly ; endlessly ; eternally. FORE-VOUCHED' (fbre-vouchr), pp. Affirmed before ; for- merly told. — Shah. FORE 'WARD, n. The van ; the front. FwM I *rv "ARN-, v. t. /ir-To admonish beforehand. 2. To in- form previously ; to give previous notice. 3. To caution beforehand. FORE-WARNED', pp. Admonished, cautioned, or informed beforehand. FORE-WA.RNTNG, ppr. Previously admonishing or inform ing. FoRE-WARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution, or no- tice. t FORE-WEND', v. t. To go before.— Spenser. FoRJEWISH', v. t. To wish beforehand. — Knolles. FORE-WORN', pp. Worn out ; wasted or obliterated by time or use. — Sidney. FOR'FEIT (for'fit), v. t. [Fr. forfaire, forfait.] To lose or render confiscable by some fault, offense, or crime ; to lose the right to some species of property, or that which be- longs to one ; to alienate the right to possess by some neg- lect or crime. FOR'FEIT (for'fit), n. [Fr. forfait; W. forfed.] 1. That which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienated by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of contract ; hence, a line ; a mulct ; a penalty. 2. Something deposit- ed and redeemable by a jocular tine, whence the game of forfeits. — Goldsmith. 3. One whose life is forfeited ; [not used.] FORFEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated foi an offense or crime ; liable to penal seizure. FOR'FEIT-A-BLE (for'tit-a-bl), o. Liable to be forfeited, subject to forfeiture. FOR'FEIT-ED, pp. or a. Lost or alienated by an offense, crime, or breach of condition. FOR'FEIT-ER, n. One who incurs punishment by forfeit- ing his bond. — Shah. FOR'FEIT-ING, ppr. Alienating or losing, as a right, by an offense, crime, or breach of condition. FOR'FEIT-URE, n. 1. The act of forfeiting. 2. That which is forfeited; an estate forfeited. — Syn. Fine; mulct; amercement; penalty. t FOR-FEND', v. t. To prevent ; to forbid. FOR'FEX, ii. [L.] A pair of scissors.— Pope. FOR.-GAVE', pret. of forgive, which see. FORGE, n. [Fr. forge.] 1. A furnace in which iron oi other metal is heated and hammered into form. 2. Any place whei'e any thing is made or shaped. 3. The act of beating or working iron or steel ; the manufacture of met- alline bodies. — Bacon. FORGE, v. t. 1. To form by heating and hammering; to beat into any particular shape, as a metal. 2. To make by any means. 3. To make falsely ; to make in the like- ness of something else. — Syn. To fabricate ; frame ; coun terfeit ; feign ; falsify. FORGED, pp. or a. Hammered ; beaten into shape ; made ; counterfeited. FORg'ER, n. 1. One who makes or forms. 2. One who counterfeits ; a falsifier. FoRg'ER.-Y, n. 1. The act of forging or working metal into shape ; [obs.] 2. The act of falsifying ; the crime of coun- terfeiting. 3. That which is forged or counterfeited. FOR-GET, v. t. ; pret. forgot; [forgat, obs. ] pp. forgot, for- gotten. [Sax. forgetan, forgitan, forgytan.] 1. To lose tho remembrance of; to let go from the memory. 2. To slight ; to neglect. FOR-GET'-ME-NOT, n. A small herb of the genus myoso- tis, having a beautiful blue flower, and exte usively consid- ered the emblem of fidelity. — Encyc.Amer. FOR-GETFUL, a. 1. Apt to forget easily losing the re- membrance of. 2. Unmindful ; negligent ; heedless ; care- MARlNETBtRO ""MovTTs^kT FOR 423 FOR less; neglectful; inattentive. 3. Causing to forget; in- ducing oblivion ; oblivious ; as, forgetful draughts. — Dry- den. FOR-GET'FUL-LY, adv. In a forgetful manner. FOR-G.'j'T'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tie quality of being apt to let any tmng "slip from the mind. 2. Loss of remembrance or recollection ; a ceasing to remember ; oblivion. 3. Neg- lect ; negligence ; careless omission ; inattention ; heed- lessness ; carelessness. tFoRG'E-TlVE, a. [from forge.] That may forge or pro- duce ; inventive. — Shak. FOR-GETTER, n. One who forgets ; a heedless person. FOR-GETTING,.ppr Losing the remembrance of. FOR-GET'TING, n. The act of forgetting ; forgetfulness ; inattention. FOR-GET'TING-LY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness. FORCING, ppr. Hammering ; beating into shape ; counter- feiting. F5R61NG. n. The act of beating into shape ; the act of counterfeiting. FOR-GIVA-BLE, a. That may be pardoned. FOR-Gl VE', v. t. ; pret. forgave ; pp. forgiven, [for and give ; Sax. forgifan.] 1. To pardon ; to remit, as an of- fense or debt ; to overlook an offense, and treat the offend- er as not guilty. It is to be noted that pardon, like forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and by the of- fense ; but remit can be followed by the offense only. We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him. 2. To remit as a debt, fine, or penalty. FOB.-GIV'i'N, pp. Pardoned; remitted. FOR-GlVE'NESS, n. 1. The act of forgiving ; the pardon of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as not guilty. 2. The pardon or remission of an offense or crime. 3. Disposition to pardon ; willingness to forgive. — Dryden. 4. Remission of a debt, fine, or penalty. FOR-GiV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits. FOR-GIViNG, ppr. 1.. Pardoning; remitting. 2. a. Dis- posed to forgive ; inclined to overlook offenses ; mild ; merciful ; compassionate ; tender ; clement. FOP POT" ) FOR-GOT'TEN, \ PP ' ° T a '' from / or ^- tFOR-HXIL', v. t. To draw or distress. — Spenser. FO-RIN'SE-€AL, a. [L.forinsecus.] Foreign ; alien. [Rare.] FO-RIS-FA-MIL'IaTE, v. t. [L. j oris and familia.] Literal- ly, to put one's self out of the family. To renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inheritance. FO-RIS-FA-MIL-I-aTION, n. When a child has received a portion of his father's estate, and renounces all title to a further share, his act is called forisfamiliation. FORK, n. [Sax. fore] 1. An instrument consisting of a han- dle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more points or prongs. 2. A point. — 3. Forks, in the plural, the point where a road parts into two ; and the point where a river divides, or, rather, where two rivers meet and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a fork. FORK, v. i. 1. To shoot into blades, as corn. — Mortimer. 2. To divide into two. FORK, v. t. 1. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay. 2. To dig anci break ground with a fork. 3. To make sharp ; to point. FORKED (forkt), pp. 1. Raised, pitched, or dug with a fork. 2. a. Opening into two or more parts, points, or shoots. 3. Having two or more meanings ; [not in use.] FORK'LESS, a. Having no fork. FORK'ED-LY, adv. In a forked form. FORK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of opening into two or more parts. FORK'He AD, n. The point of an arrow. — Spenser. FORK'TaIL, n. A salmon, in his fourth year's growth. [Load.] PORKY, a. Forked ; furcated ; opening into two or more parts,_ shoots, or points. — Pope. FOR-LaY', v. t. To he in wait for ; to ambush ; as, a thief forlays_a. traveler. — Dryden. tFOR-LlE', v. i., pret. forlay. To he before or in front of. — Spenser. tFOR-LSRE', a. Forlorn. FOB.-LORN', a. [Sax. forloren.] 1. Deserted; stripped or dsprived ; left without resource. Hence, in a state of des- titution and wretchedness. 2. Taken away; [obs.] 3. Small; despicable; [inaludicrous sense.]— Syn. Destitute; lost ; abandoned ; forsaken ; solitary ; helpless ; friendless ; hopeless ; abject ; wretched ; miserable ; pitiable. t OR-LORN', n. A lost, forsaken, solitary person. — Shak. "OR-LORN' HOPE, n. Literally, a desperate case; and hence, in military affairs, a detachment of men appointed to lead in an assault, or perform other service attended witV uncommon peril. FOR-LORN'LY, adv. In a forlorn manner.— Pollok. FOR-LORN'NESS, n. Destitution; misery; a forsaken or wretched condition. — Boyle. \ FOR-LyF.'. See Foelie. FORM, n. L ^. forma; Fr. forme.] 1. The shape or external T)0Ve7— BULl7"¥im ; E"r-AN''GER,"Yr'CIOUS — C as" appearance of a body , the conformation or m^ke ; the fig ure, as defined by linea and angles. 2. Manner of arranging particulars ; disposition of particular things. 3. Mode} draught ; pattern. 4. Beauty ; elegance ; splendor ; dignity 5. Regularity ; method; order; as, to reduce to form. * External appearance without the essential qualities ; emptj show; semblance. 7. Stated method; established prao tice ; ritual or prescribed mode. 8. Ceremony ; formal! ty ; as, a matter of form. 9. Determinate shape. 10. Like ness ; image. 11. Manner ; system, as of government. 12 Manner ot arrangement ; disposition of component parts. 13. A long seat; a bench without a back. [In this, and the two following senses, the English pronunciation is formj — 14. In schools, a class ; a rank of students. — Dryden. La. The seat or bed of a hare. — Prior. 16. A mold ; some- thing to give shape, or on which things are fashioned. — 17. In pri?iting, an assemblage of types, composed and ar- ranged in order, disposed into pages or columns, and in- closed and locked in a chase, to receive an impression. The outer form, always contains the first and last pages, and the inner form the second page. — 18. Essential form is that mode of existence which can not cease without de- stroying the existence of a thing ; opposed to accidental form, which can thus cease. FORM, v. t. [h..formo.] 1. To make or cause to exist; to create. 2. To shape ; to mold or fashion into a particular shape or state ; to construct. 3. To plan ; to scheme ; to modify. — Dryden. 4. To arrange ; to combine in a par. ticular manner. 5. To adjust; to settle; [rare.] 6. To contrive ; to invent, as a design. 7. To make up ; to frame; to settle by deductions "of reason, as an opinion. 8. To mold ; to model by instruction and discipline, as one's character. 9. To combine ; to unite individuals into a collective body. 10. To make ; to establish. 11. To compile. 12. To constitute ; to make ; as, to form part of a thing. — 13. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by affixes or prefixes. 14. To enact ; to make ; to ordain. FORM, v. i. To take a form. FORM'AL, a. 1. According to form ; agreeable to establish- ed mode. 2. Strictly ceremonious ; exact to affectation ; as, formal manners. 3. Done in due form, or with so- lemnity ; express ; according to regular method ; not inci- dental, sudden, or irregular. 4. Regular ; methodical ; as, the formal stars ; [rare.] 5. Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence ; as, formal religion. 6. Depending on customary forms. — Pope. 7. Having the power of making a thing what it is ; constituent ; essen- tial. — Holder. 8. Retaining its proper and essential char- acteristic ; proper. Shak. — Syn. Precise ; punctilious ; stiff ; starched ; affected ; ritual ; ceremonial ; external ; outward. FORM'AL-ISM, n. A resting in mere external forms of re- ligion. FORM'AL-IST, n. 1. One who observes forms. 2. One who rests in external religious forms or ceremonies. FOR-MAL'I-TY, 7i. 1. The practice or observance of forms. 2. Ceremony ; mere conformity to customary modes. 3. Established order ; rule of proceeding ; mode ; method 4. Order ; decorum to be observed ; customary mode of behavior. — L 'Estrange. 5. Customary mode of dress , habit ; robe. — Swift. 6. External appearance. — Glanville. 7. Essence ; the quality which constitutes a thing what it is. Stillingflect.—^S. In the schools, the formal nature of an object, or that by which it is distinguished from another object. t FORM'AL-lZE, v. t. To model.— Hooker. FORM'AL-iZE, v. i. To affect formality. [Little used.] FORM'AL-IZ£D, pp. Modeled. FORM'i\L-iZ-ING,i?pr. Modeling. FORM'AL-LY, adv. 1. According to established form, rule, order, rite, or ceremony. 2. Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; pre- cisely. 3. In open appearance ; in a visible and apparent state. 4. Essentially ; characteristically. — Smalridge. FORMA PAU'PER-IS. [L.] To sue in forma pauperis, is to sue as a poor man, which relieves from cost. — ' Bouvier. FOR'MATE, n. [more correct than formiate, but both are used.] A salt composed of formic acid and combined with a base. FOR-MI'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. formatio.] 1. The act of form- ing or making ; the act of creating or causing to exist ; the operation of collecting things together, or of shaping and giving form. 2. Generation; production. 3. The man- ner in which a thing is formed. — 4. In grammar the act or manner of forming one word from another. — 5. In geology, a single mass of one kind of rock, more or less extensive, or a collection of mineral substances, formed by the same agent, under the same or similar circumstances. — Cleave- land. FORM'A-TIVE, a. 1. Giving form; having the power of giving form ; plastic ; as, the formative arts. — 2. In gram- mar, serving to form ; derivative ; not radical ; as, a termi« nation merely formative. K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; C'H as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. FOR 424 FOR POUM A-TlVE. n. I- grammar, liiat which serves merely to FOX'SHIP, n. The character or qualities of a fox; cud ning. — S?iak. FOX'TIIL, n. A species of grass, the alopecurus. FOX'Y, a. 1. Pertaininsz to foxes ; wily ; [obs ] 2. An epi thet applied to paintings, when the shadows and lowei tones have too much of a yellowish, reddish brown color M'WE.YOC iT The employment of hunting foxes. Pertaining to or engaged in the hunt I, E, I, &c„ short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ; FRA 427 FRA f FOY, n. [Fi . foO Faith.— Spenser. FOY, n. [Tent, foe\.] A feast given bj one who is about to leave a plaje. — England's Jests. FOY'SON. See Foison. FRa'CAS, n. [Fr.] An uproar ; a noisy quarrel ; a disturb- ance ; a brawl. t FRACT, v. t. To break.— Shak. FRACTION, n. [L. /radio ; Fr. fraction.] 1. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. — 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an integral or integer ; any division of a whole number or unit. FRA€TION-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number ; com- prising a part or the parts of a unit. FRACTIOUS (frak'shus), a. Apt to break out into a pas- sion ; apt to quarrel.— Syn. Snappish ; peevish ; waspish ; cross ; quarrelsome. FRA-GTIOU8-LY, adv. Passionately; snappishly. FRACTIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper. FRACTURE (frakfyur), n. [L. fractura.] 1. A breach in any body, especially a breach caused by violence ; a rup- ture of a solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or dis- ruption of a bone ; called simple when the bone is merely divided, compound when it is broken and the integuments are lacerated. — 3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a mineral breaks, and by which its texture is displayed. FRACTURE, v. t. To break ; to burst asunder ; to crack ; to separate continuous parts. FRACTURE D (frakfyurd), pp. or a. Broken; cracked. FRACTCR-ING, ppr. Breaking ; bursting asunder ; crack- ing. FRAg'iLE (fraj'il), a. [L. fragilis.] 1. Easily broken. 2. Liable to fail ; easily destroyed. Milton. — Syn. Brittle ; infirm; weak; frail. FRAgiLE-LY, adv. In a fragile manner. FRA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness ; easiness to be broken. 2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness to fault. FRAG'MENT, n. [L. fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off; a piece separated from any thing by breaking. 2. A part separated from the rest ; an imperfect part. 3. A small detached portion. FRAG'MENT-A-RY, a. Conmosed of fragments FRAGTVIENT-ED, a. Broken into fragments. FRa'GOR, n. [L.j 1. A loud and sudden sound ; the report of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash. 2. A strong or sweet scent ; [obs.] FRi'GRANCE, I n. [L. fragrantia.] Sweetness of smell ; FRa'GRAN-CY, J that quality of bodies which affects the olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation ; pleasing scent ; grateful odor. FRa'GRANT, a. Throwing out or diffusing an agreeable odor. — Syn. Sweet-smelling; odorous; odoriferous; sweet-scented ; redolent ; ambrosial ; balmy ; spicy ; aro- matic. FRa'GRANT-LY, adv. With sweet scent— Mortimer. FRIIL, a. [Fr. frele ; It frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; fragile ; liable to fail and decay; subject to casualties; easily de- stroyed ; perishable ; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in mind or resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak ; easily broken or overset. IRaIL, n. [Norm, fraile.] 1. A basket made of rushes, for holding figs or raisins. 2. A rush, for weaving baskets. 3 A certain quantity of raisins, about 75 pounds. JRaIL'LY, adv. In a frail manner. FRaIL'NESS, n. Weakness ; infirmity. FRaILTY, n. 1. Weakness of resolution ; liableness to be deceived or seduced. 2. Weakness of body. 3. Fault proceeding from weakness or instability. — Syn. Frailness ; infirmity ; imperfection ; failing ; foible. FRaIS'CHEUR (fra'shur), n. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness. — Dryden. [Not English.] FRaISE, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the rampart in a horizontal or inclined position. 2. A pan-cake with bacon in it ; [obs.] FRaISED, a. Fortified with fraise. FRaMA-BLE, a. That may be framed. FRaME, v. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ; to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make suitable. 3. To make , to compose, as laws. 4. To regu- late ; to adjust ; to shaoe ; to conform ; as, to frame con- duct aright. 5. To form and digest by thought as ideas. C To contrive ; to plan ; to devise, as a scheme. 7. To invent; to fabricate; to feign or forge; [in a bad sense;] us, to /rowe lies. FRaME, v. t. To contrive. — Judges, xii., 6. FRaME, n. 1 The timbers of an edifice fitted smd joined in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts united, as of an animal. 3. Any kind of case or structure made for admitting, inclosing, or supporting things. — 4. Among """>'"> *ers, a stand to support the cases in which the types are distributed. — 5. Among founders, a k:rd of ledge, inclosing a board, which, being filled with wet sasd serves as a mold for castings. 6. A sort of loom, on wine* linen, silk, &c, is stretched for quilting or embroidering 7. Order ; regularity ; adjusted series or composition d parts ; as, to be out of frame. 8. Form ; scheme ; strac. ture; constitution; system, as of government. 9. Con- trivance ; projection. — Shak. 10. Particular state, as oa the mind. 11. Shape ; form ; proportion. Hudibras. - Lace-frame, a frame or machine for making lace. — Stock, ing-frame, a loom or machine for making stockings. FRaME'- W6RK (-wurk), n. The frame ; that which sup- ports or incloses any thing else. FRaME D, pp. or a. Fitted and united in due form ; made ; composed; devised; adjusted. FRaM'ER, n. One who frames ; a maker; a contriver. FRaM'ING, ppr. Fitting and joining in due construction, making ; fabricating ; composing ; adjusting ; inventing , contriving. FRAMING, n. The act of constructing a frame ; the frame thus constructed, t FRAM'PoLD, a. Peevish ; cross ; vexatious. — Shak. FRANC, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of France, of the value of eighteen cents and six mills, as established by a law of Congress in 1846. FRANCHISE (fran'chiz), n. [Fr.J 1. A particular privilege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an individual, or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a burden or duty to which others are subject. 3. The district or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege extends ; the limits of an immunity. — Spenser. 4. An asylum or sanc- tuary, where persons are secure from arrest FRANCHISE, v. t. To make free.— Shak. ; [but enfranchist is more generally used.J FRANCHISE T>, t pp. Made free. FRAN'CHISE-MENT (fran'chiz-ment), n. Release from bur- den or restriction ; freedom. — Spenser. FRANCHIS-ING, ppr. Making free. FRAN'CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French. FRAN-CIS'CAN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Francis. FRAN-CIS'CAN, n. . A monk of the order of St. Francis. They are called, also, Gray Friars and Friars Minor. FRANCO-LIN, n. A species of partridge in Europe and Asia. FRAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being frangi- ble. FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. [L. frango.] That may be broken ; brit- tle ; fragile ; easily broken. FRAN'Gl-PANE, n. [Fr.] A piece of pastry containing cream and almonds ; also, a perfume. — Smart. t FRAN'ION (fran'yun), n. A paramour, or a boon compan- ion. — Spenser. FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It., Sp. franco ; Ger. frank.] 1. Free in uttering real sentiments ; not reserved. ; using no dis- guise. 2. Leading to the utterance of one's sentiments without reserve, as a disposition. 3. Liberal : generous ; not niggardly; [rare.] 4. Free; without conditions or compensation, as a gift. 5. Licentious ; unrestrained ; [obs.] — Syn. Ingenuous ; candid ; artless ; plain ; open ; unreserved; undisguised; sincere. FRANK, n. 1. A coin of France ; [see Franc] 2. A letter which is exempted from postage ; or the writing which renders it free. 3. A sty for swine ; [not used.] FRANK, n. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks, and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Eu- rope. 2. One of the Franks, a powerful German tribe, who conquered France. FRANK, v. t. 1. To exempt as a letter from the charge of postage. 2. To shut up in a sty or frank ; [not used. 3. To feed high ; to cram ; to fatten ; [obs.] FR ANK'-CHaSE, n. A liberty of free chase within the pre- cincts of a forest. FRANK'-FEE, n. Freehold ; a holding of lands in fee sim- ple. — Encyc. FRANK'-HEiRT'ED, a. Having a frank disposition. FRANK'-HE aRT'ED-NESS, n. The state of having a frank heart FRANK-LAW, n. Free or common law, or the benefit s person has by it. FRANK'-MAR'RIAGE, n. A tenure in tail special. FRANK'-PLEDgE (-plej), n. A pledge or surety given by the Saxon tythings for the good behavior of freemen. FRANK'-TEN'E-MENT, n. An estate of freehold , the pos- session of the soil by a freeman. FRANK-AL-MOIGNE' (frank-al-moin'), n. [frank, and Norm. almoignes.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure by which a religious corporation hold lands to them and their suc- cessors forever, on condition of praying for the soul of tlio donor. FRANKED (frankt), pp. or a. Exempted from postage. * FRANK-INCENSE or FRANKIN-CENSE, n. [frank and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops, of. a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste, and very inflammable, used as s perfume. DoVE : —BULL, UNITE :— AN'GER, Vi"CIOUS -C as K ; 6 as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, t Obsolete FRE 428 FRE FRANK 'NG, ppr. or a. Exempting from postage. FRANKTNG, n. The act of exempting from postage. FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks.— Verstegan. \ FRANKLIN, n. An English freeholder. — Spenser. FRANKLIN-lTE, n. A mineral containing iron, zinc, and manganese, named from Dr. Franklin. FRANK'LY, adv. 1. Without reserve, constraint, or dis- guise. 2. Without hesitation. Luke, vii., 42. — Syn. Open- ly ; ingenuously ; plainly ; unreservedly ; undisguisedly ; sincerely ; candidly ; artlessly ; fr eely ; readily"; unhesi- tatingly; liberally; willingly. FRANKNESS, n. 1. Plainness of speech ; candor ; freedom in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2. Fair- ness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality ; bounte- ousness ; [little used.] FRAN'TIC, a. [L. phreneticus.] 1. Mad ; raving ; furious ; outrageous ; raging ; desperate ; wild and disorderly ; distracted. 2. Characterized by violence, fury, and dis- order; noisy; mad; wild; irregular; turbulent. FRAN'TI€-LY, \ adv. Madly ; distractedly ; outrageous- FRAN'TIC-AL-LY, J ly. FRAN'TIC-NESS, n. Madness ; fury of passion ; distraction. FRAP, v. t. In seamen's language, to draw together by ropes crossing each other, with a view to secure and strengthen. FRAPPET) (frapt), pp. Crossed and drawn together. FRAP'PING, ppr. Crossing and drawing together. FRA-TER'NAL, a. [Fr. fratemel ; ~L.fr aternus.] Brotherly; pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers. FRA-TER'NAL-LY, adv. In a brotherly maimer. FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [L. fraternitas.] 1. The state or quality of a brother ; brotherhood. 2. A body of men associated for their common interest, business, or pleasure ; a com- pany ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation, or character. FRAT-ER-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of associating and hold- ing fellowship as brethren. — Burke. FRA-TER'NIZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship, as brothers, or as men of like occupation or disposition." FRATER.-NIZ-ER, n. One who fraternizes.— Burke. FRATRI-Cl-DAL, a. Pertaining to fratricide. * FRATRI-ClDE, n. [L. fralricidium.] 1. The crime of murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother. FRAUD, n. [L. fraus.] Artifice by which the right or in- terest of another is injured. — Syn. Deceit ; guile ; subtlety ; craft ; wile ; sham ; strife ; circumvention ; stratagem ; deception; trick; imposition; cheat. FRAUD'FUL, a. 1. Deceitful in making bargains ; trickish ; treacherous. 2. Containing fraud or deceit. FRAUD'FUL-LY, adv. Deceitfully ; with intention to de- ceive, and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treach- erously; by stratagem. FRAUD'LESS, a. Free from fraud. FRAUD'LESS-LY, adv. In a fraudless manner. FRAUD'LESS-NESS, n. State of being fraudless. FRAUD'U-LENCE, in. Deceitfulness ; trickishness in mak- FRAUD'U-LEN-C V, 5 ing bargains, or in social concerns. FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Practicing deceit in making con- tracts. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; proceed- ing from fraud. 3. Obtained or performed by artifice ; as, fraudulerd conquest. Milton. — Syn. Deceitful ; fraudful ; guileful ; crafty ; trickish ; wily ; cunning ; subtle ; de- ceiving ; cheating ; deceptive ; insidious ; treacherous ; dishonest ; designing ; unfair ; knavish. FRAUD'U-LENT-LY, adv. By fraud ; by deceit ; by artifice or imposition. FRAUGHT (frawt), a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. Laden ; loaded ; charged ; freighted, as a vessel ; [poetic] 2. Fill- ed ; stored ; full ; as, fraught with disappointment. F FRAUGHT, n. A freight; a cargo.— Dry den. \ FRAUGHT, v. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd.— Shak. t FRAUGHT A6E, n. Loading; cargo.— Shak. FRaY, n. [Fr. fracas.] 1. A broil, quarrel, or violent riot, that puts men in fear ; an affray. 2. A combat ; a battle ; a fight; also, a single combat or duel. 3. A contest; con- tention ; altercation ; feud. 4. A rub ; a fret or chafe in cloth ; a place injured by rubbing. tFRAY, v. t. To fright ; to terrify.— Spenser. FRaY, v. t. [Fr. frayer.] 1. To rub; to fret, as cloth, by wearing. 2. To rub ; as, to fray away flies. — Butler. FRIYED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn. FRIY'ING, ppr. Frightening; terrifying; rubbing. FRAYING, n. Peel of a deer's horn.— Ben Jonson. FREAK, n. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literally, a sudden starting, or change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn of the mind ; a capricious prank. — Syn. Whim ; fancy ; ca- price ; frolic ; sport. FReAK, v. t. To variegate ; to checker. TReAKEJ) (freekt), pp. Variegated; checkered. FReAKTNG, ppr. Variegating. FREAKISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly ; whim- sical ; capricious. — L 1 Estrange. FReAKISH-LY, adv. Capriciously; with sudden change of mind, without cause. FReAKTSH-NESS, n. Capriciousness , whimsicalneas. FRECK'LE (frekl), n. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin. 2. Any small spot or discoloration. FRECK'LE, v. t. or i. To give or acquire freckles.— Smart. FRECKLE-FICED (frekl-faste), a. Having a face full of freckles. FRECKLED (frekld), a. 1. Spotted; having small, yellow- ish spots on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted, as a cowslip — Shak. FRECK'LED-NESS, n. The state of being freckled. FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled with spots. FRED, Sax. frith, Dan. fred, Sw. frid, G. friede, D. vretdt, peace ; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or rich in peace ; Winfred, victorious peace ; Fredstoie, a seat of peace, i e., a sanctuary. FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] 1. Being at liberty ; not being under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In gov- ernment, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or de- pendence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent. 3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic, as government. 4. Not imprisoned, confined, or under ar- rest. 5. Unconstrained ; unrestrained ; not under compul* sion or control. 6. Not chemically combined ; at liberty to escape ; as, free carbonic acid gas. 7. Permitted ; al- lowed ; open ; not appropriated ; as, a privilege free to alL 8. Not obstructed, as a course or current. 9. Licentious ; unrestrained ; as, free remarks. 10. Open ; candid ; frank ; ingenuous ; unreserved ; as, a, free talk. 11. Liberal in ex- penses ; not parsimonious ; generous ; munificent ; boun- tiful. 12. Gratuitous ; not gained by importunity or pur- chase, as a gift. 13. Clear of crime or offense ; guiltless ; innocent. — Drydtn. 14. Not having feeling or suffering; clear; exempt: with from ; as, free from envy. 15. Not encumbered with. 16. Open to all ; without restriction or without expense, as a school. 17. Invested with fran- chises; enjoying certain immunities: with of. 18. Pos- sessing without vassalage or slavish conditions. — Dry den. 19. Liberated from the government or control of parents, or of a guardian or master. 20. Ready ; eager ; not dull ; acting without spurring or whipping, as a horse. 21. Gen- teel ; charming ; [not in use.] FREE, v. t. 1. To remove from a tiling any encumbrance or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to clear. 2. To set at liberty; to rescue or release from slavery, captivity, or confinement; to deliver; to loose. 3. To disentangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. Tc manumit ; to release from bondage ; to set free ; to liberate ; to affranchise. 6. To clear from water, as a ship by pump- ing. 7. To release from obligation or duty. — To free from, or free of, is to rid of, by removing in any manner. FREE-I'GEN-CY, n. The state of acting freely, or without necessity or constraint of the will. FREE-BENCH', n. A widow's dower in a copyhold. FREE'-BORN, a. Born free ; not in vassalage ; inheriting liberty. FREE'-CHAP-EL, n. In England, a chapel founded by the king, and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. FREE'-CIT-Y, \n. A name given to certain cities, prin- FREE'-TOWN, 5 cipally of Germany, which were really small republics, directly connected with the German Em- pire, and hence often called imperial cities. They were once numerous, but are now reduced to four, viz. : Frank- fort, Hamburgh, Lubeck, and Bremen ; to which was also added Cracow, in Poland. — Encyc. Am. FREE'-COST, n. Without expense ; freedom from charg- es. — South. FREE-DEN'I-ZEN (-den'e-zn), n. A citizen.— Jack son. FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. [free and denizen.] To make free. — Bp. Hall. FREE-FISH'ER-Y, n. A royal franchise or exclusive priv- ilege of fishing in a public river. t FREE'-FOOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching. FREE'-HEaRTED (-harfed), a. [See Heakt.] 1. Open; frank ; unreserved. 2. Liberal ; charitable ; generous. FREF-HEaRTED-LY, adv. In a free-hearted manner. FREFT-HEaRT'ED-NESS, n. Frankness; openness of heart; liberality. — Burnet. FREE'-LIV-ER, n. One who eats and drinks abundantly. FREE'-LIV-ING, n. Full gratification of the appetite. FREE'-MaR-TIN, n. One of the twins of a cow, apparently a female, but imperfect in some parts, and generally bar- ren, produced when the other twin is a male. FREE'-PoRT, n. A name given to certain ports on the Continent of Europe, as Genoa, Leghorn, &c, where ships of all nations may load and unload free of duty ; but if the articles imported are carried into the adjoining country, they pay the ordinary duties at the gates or barriers Diet, de I'Acad. — In the West Indies, a free-port is one when, goods of all kinds may be landed from foreign ships, 01 payment of the ordinary duties. FREE'-SCHOOL, n. 1. A school supported by funds, dec, in which pupils are taught without paying for tuition 2 A school open to admit pupils without restriction. See Synopsis. A. E. t &c.. long.—l, £, 1, &c, short— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;- M* V# |> JQJL FKE 429 FRE FR i'E'-SPoK-JEN, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. FREE'-STaTES, n. pi. Those states of the Union in which slavery has been abolished by law. FREE'-THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist ; an unbe- liever ; one who discards revelation. FREE'-THINK-ING, n. Undue boldness of speculation ; un- belief. FREE -THINK-ING, a. Noting undue boldness of specula- tion; skeptical. FREF-T6NGUED (-tungd), a. Speaking without reserve. FREE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise, or exclusive right, of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain limits. FREE-WILL', n. 1. The power of directing our own ac- tions, without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta- riness ; spontaneousness. FREE-WILL, a. Spontaneous ; as, a free-will offering. FREE'-WILL-BAPTIST, n. One belonging to a branch of the Baptist denomination, who hold to the freedom of the will in opposition to necessity. FREE'-WOM-AN, n. A woman not a slave. FREEBOOT-ER, n. [D. vrybuiter ; G. freibeuter.] One who wanders about for plunder ; a robber ; a pillager ; a plunderer. FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; pillaging. FREED, pp. Set at liberty ; loosed ; delivered from re- straint ; cleared of hinderance or obstruction. FREED'MAN, n. A man who has been a slave and is manu- mitted. FREE'DOM, n. 1. A state of exemption from the power or control of another ; liberty ; independence ; exemption from slavery, servitude, or confinement. 2. Particular privileges ; francmse ; immunity ; as, the freedom of a cor- poration. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. — Swift. 4. Ex- emption from fate, necessity, or any constraint, in conse- quence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any exemp- tion from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of do- ing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License ; im- proper familiarity; violation of the rules of decorum: with a plural. FREEHOLD, n. That land or tenement which is held in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds hi his own right, subject^ to no superior, nor to conditions. FREE'HoLD-ER, n. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for life ; the possessor of a freehold. FREEING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing from confinement; removing encumbrances or hinderances from any thing ; clearing. FREE'LY, adv. 1. At liberty ; without vassalage, slavery, or dependence. 2. Without restraint, constraint, or compul- sion. 3. In abundance. 4. Without scruple or reserve. 5. Without impediment or hinderance. 6. Without ne- cessity, or compulsion from divine predetermination. 7. Without obstruction. 8. Without constraint or persua- sion. 9. With liberality. 10. Gratuitously ; of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration. — Syn. Inde- pendently ; voluntarily ; spontaneously ; willingly ; read- ily ; liberally ; generously ; bounteously ; munificently ; bountifully; abundantly; largely; copiously; plentifully; plenteously. FREE'MAN, n. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another; one not. a slave or vassal. 2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar privilege. FREE'Ma-SON, n. One of an ancient and secret associa- tion or fraternity, said to have been at first composed of masons, or builders in stone, but now consisting of per- sons who are united for social enjoyment and mutual as- sistance. FREEMI'SON-RY (-ma'sn-re), n. That which belongs to the fraternity of free-masons. FREE'MiND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care. £REE'NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un- constrained, unconfined, unencumbered, or unobstructed. 8. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingenuousness ; candor. 3. Liberality; generosity. 4. Gratuitousness. FRe'ER, n. One who gives freedom. FRLE'SToNE, n. Any species of stone composed of sand or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. FREEZE, v. i. ; pret. froze; -pp. frozen, or froze. \?>as..frysan.] 1. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a liquid t; a solid state, by the abstraction of heat ; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. 2. To*be of that degree of cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill ; to stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels, as the blood. 4. To be chilled ; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of cold ; as, to freeze to death. FREEZE, v. t. 1. To congeal ; to harden into ice ; to change from a fluid to a 6olid form by cold, or abstraction of heat. 2. To kill by cold. 3. To chill ; to give the sensation of cold and shivering ; as, to freeze one's blood. FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze. FREEZTN j, n. The process or state of congelation. FREEZING, ppr. Congealing ; hardening into ice. FREEZING-MIXTURE, n. A mixture of two or raort substances, as of salt and snow, but usually of a solid ana a fluid, which, in uniting, absorb heat from contiguou* bodies, and thus produce intense cold. FREEZING-POINT, n. That point of a thermometer at which fluids begin to freeze ; applied particularly to wr ter, whose freezing-point is at 32° of Fahrenheit's ther mometer. FREIGHT (frate), n. [D.vragt; G.fracht.] 1. The cargo or any part of the cargo, of a ship ; lading ; load ; burden , that which is carried by water. 2. Transportation of goods 3. The hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transportation of goods.— Freightage is but little used. FREIGHT (frate), v. t. 1. To load with goods, as a ship or vessel of any kind, for transporting them from one place to another. 2. To load, as the burden. FREIGHTED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel. FREIGHTER (frafer), n. One who loads a ship, or one who charters and loads a ship. FREIGHTING, ppr. or a. Loading or carrying, as a slup or vessel FREIGHTLESS (frateles), a. Destitute of freight. FRElS'LE-BEN, n. A soft mineral, of a bluish color t FREN, n. A stranger. — Spenser. FRENCH, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants. FRENCH, n. The language spoken by the people of France FRENCH-BER'RY, n. The same as Avignon berry. FRENCH-CHALK' (-chawk'), n. A hardened talc, of a pearly white or grayish color, used in drawing lines. FRENCH-HORN', n. A wind instrument of music, made of metal. FRENCHIFIED, pp. or a. Made like the French.— Burke FRENCH'I-FY, v. t. To make French ; to infect with th* manners of the French. — Camden. FRENCHLIKE, a. Resembling the French.— Bp. Hall. FRENCHMAN, n. A man of the French nation. FRE-NET'IC. See Fkantic and Phbenetic. FREN'ZI-CAL, a. Partaking of frenzy. FRENZI.ED, part. a. Affected with madness. FEEN'ZIjED-LY, adv. In a frenzied manner. FREN'ZY, n. [Fr. frenesie ; L. phrenitis.] Madness ; dis- traction ; franticness ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the . mind, approaching to distraction. FRE'QUENCE, ra. [Fr.; L. frequentia.] A crowd; a throng; a concourse ; an assembly. — Milton. [Little used.] FRe'QUEN-CY, n. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd ; a throng [obs.] FRe'QUENT, a. [Fr. ; L.frequens.] 1. Often seen or done ; often happening at short intervals ; often repeated or oc curring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3. Full ; crowded ; thronged ; [obs.] FRE-QUENT', v. t. [L. frequento.] To visit often ; to resort to often or habitually. t FRE-QUENTA-BLE, a. Accessible.— Sidney. FRE-QUENT'A6E, n. The practice of frequenting.— Soutiiey FRE-QUENT- A'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2. The habit of visiting often. FRE-QUENTA-TIVE, a. [It. frequentativo.] In grammar, denoting the frequent repetition of an action. FRE-QUENTA-TIVE, n. A verb which denotes the fre- quent occurrence or repetition of an action. FRE-QUENTED, pp. or a. Often visited. FRE-QUENTER, n. One who often visits, or resorts to customarily. FRE-QUENTING, ppr. Visiting often. FRe'QUENT-LY, adv. Often ; oft ; ofttimes ; oftentimes ; many times ; at short intervals ; commonly. FRE'QUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent, or often repeated. FRERE (frare), n. [Fr.] A brother. FRES'CaDES. n. pi. Cool walks ; shady places. FRES'CO, n. [It. fresco.] 1. Coolness ; shade ; a cool, re- freshing state of the air ; duskiness. — Prior. 2. A picture not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk. — Pope. 3. A meth» od of painting on walls, performed with water-colors on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry 4. A cool, refreshing liquor. FRESH, a. [Sax. fersc] . 1. Moving with celerity; some- what vehement, as a breeze. 2. Having the color and ap- pearance of young, thrifty plants ; not impaired or faded. 3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth ; as, afresh complexion. 4. Recently grown, as vegetables. 5. Re- cently made or obtained, as a supply of merchandise. 6. Not impaired by time; not forgotten or obliterated. 7 Not salt. 8. Recently from the well or spring ; pure and cool ; not warm or vapid. 9. In a state like that of recenl growth, or recentness ; as, to keep fruit fresh. 10. Re- paired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor ; as, to awake fresh. 11. That has lately come or arrived, as news. 12. Sweet ; in a good state ; not stale. 13. Not bo- fore employed; as, afresh hand at any business.— F-esh DOVE — BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t his. t Obsolete FRJE 430 FRI way , the incre sed velocity of a vessel. Totten. — Syn. Brisk ; strong ; vigorous ; lively ; unimpaired ; unfaded ; florid ; ruddy , nev; novel ; recent ; rare ; unpractioed ; unac- customed ; unused ; inexperienced. FRESH, n. A freshet. — Beverly, Hist. Virginia. FRESH'-BLoWN, a. Newly blown. FRESH'-FoRCE, n. In law, a force done within forty days. FRESH-LOOK-1NG, a. Appearing fresh. FRESH- WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only, or in the coasting-trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled. FRESH'-WA-TER.ED, a. Newly watered ; supplied with fresh water. FRESHEN (fresh'n), v. t. 1. To make fresh; to dulcify; to separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive ; [not used.] — 3. In seamen's language, to apply new service to a cable. FRESH'EN, v. i. 1. To grow fresh ; to lose salt or saltness. 2. To grow brisk or strong. FRESHENED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened. FRESH'£N-ING, ppr. or a. Making or growing fresh. FRESHES, n. pi. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt water in rivers or bays. — Beverly. 2. A flood; an over- flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet. PRESH'ET, n. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation ; [New England.] 2. A stream of fresh water. — Browne. FRESH'LY, adv. 1. Newly; in the former state renewed ; in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look ; ruddily. 3. Briskly; stiongly. 4. Coolly. FIJSSH'MAN, n. ; pi. Freshmen. 1. A novice ; one in the rudiments of knowledge. — 2. In England, a student dur- ing his first year's residence at the University. — In Amer- ica, one who belongs to the youngest of the four classes in college, called the freshman class. FRESH'MAN, a. Pertaining to a freshman, or to the class called freshmen. FRESH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of a freshman. f FRESH'MENT, n. Refreshment.— Cartwright. FRESHNESS, n. 1. Newness ; vigor ; spirit ; the contrary to vapidness. 2. Vigor ; liveliness ; the contrary to a faded state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor ; opposed to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness ; invigorating quali- ty or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddmess. 6. Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or qual- ity ; rawness. 8. Briskness, as of wind. tFRESH'NEW (-mi), a. Unpracticed.— Shak. FRET, v. t. [Sw. frdta.] 1. To rub ; to wear away a sub- stance by friction. 2. To corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away. 3. To impair; to wear away. — Sliak. 4. To form into raised work. 5. To variegate ; to diversify. — Shak. 6. To agitate violently. — Shak. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to make rough ; to cause to ripple. 8. To tease ; to irritate ; to vex ; to make angry. 9. To wear away ; to chafe ; to gall. I RET, v. i. 1. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion. — Wiseman. 3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 4. To be vexed ; to be chafed or irritated ; to be angry ; to utter peevish expressions. FRET, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid ; a rip- pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu- ally repeated. 2. Agitation of mind ; commotion of tem- per ; irritation ; vexation ; ill humor. 3. A short piece of wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, Sue., which, be- ing pressed against the strings, varies the tone. Busby. — 4. In architecture, an ornament consisting of email fillets intersecting each other at right angles. — 5. In heraldry, a bearing composed of bars crossed and interlaced. FRET, v. t. To furnish with frets.— As. Res. FRET, n. [L. /return.] A frith, which see. i FRET, a. Eaten away. — Lev., xiii. FRETFUL, a. Disposed to fret ; in a state of vexation. — Syn. Peevish ; ill-humored ; ill-natured ; irritable ; wasp- ish; captious; petulant; splenetic; spleeny; passionate; angry. FRETFUL-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily. FRETFUL-NESS, n. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition to fret and complain. FRETT, n. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a river. — Encyc. FRETTED, pp. or a. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn away ; agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; va- riegated ; ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets. FRETT .EN, a. Rubbed ; marked ; as, pock-fretten, marked with the smah-pox. FRETTER, n. That which frets. FRETTING, ppr. or a. Corroding ; wearing away ; agitat- ing: vexing; making rough on the surface ; variegatinc*. FRETTiNG, n. A state of chafing; vexation; peevish- ness. FRETTY, a. Adorned with fretwork. FReTUM, n. [L.] A strait or arm of the sea.— Ray. FRETWORK, n. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. FRI-A-BIL'I-TY, ? n. The quality of being easily broken. FRlA-BLE-NESS, j crumbled, and reduced to powder. FRlA-BLE, a. [Fr. friable; L. friabilis.] Easily crumbled or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder. FRlAR, u. [Fr. frere.] 1. An appellation common to the monks of all orders. — Friars are generally distinguished into four principal branches ; a brother or member of any religious order, but especially of one of the four mendi- cant orders, viz. : (1.) Minors, Gray Friars, or Franciscans ; (2.) Augustines; (3.) Dominicans, or Black Friars; (4.) White Friars, or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted sense, a monk who is not a priest. — 3. In printing, any part of a page which has not received the ink. FRlAR-LlKE, a. Like a friar ; monastic ; unskilled in the world — Knolles. FRl'AR'S-€OWL, n. A plant, a species of arum, with i flower resembling a cowl. FRlAR'S-LAN'TERN, n. The ignus fatuus.—Miltcm. FRlAR-LY, a. Like a friar ; untaught in the affairs of life FRlAR-Y, n. A monastery ; a convent of friars. FRIAR- Y, a. Like a friar ; pertaining to friars. FRl-ITION, n. The act of crumbling. FRD3'BLE, a. [L. frivolus ; Fr. frivole.] Frivolous ; trifling ; silly. — Brit. Crit. FRIB'BLE, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow. FRIB'BLE, v. i. To trifle ; also, to totter.— Tatter. FRIB'BLER, n. A trifler.— Spectator. FRi'BoRG, \ n. [free and burg.] The same as frank- FRID'BURGH, j pledge.- Cowel. t FRICACE, n. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce , also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. FRWAN-DEAU (frik'an-do). [Fr.] A fricassee of veal.— Cooley. FRIC-AS-SEE', n. [Fr.] A dish or stew of food made by cut- ting chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and dressing them in a frying-pan, or a like utensil. FRICAS-SEE', v. t. To dress in fricassee.. FRICAS-SEED', pp. or a. Dressed in fricassee. FRIC-AS-SEETNG, ppr. Dressing in fricassee. FRI-Ca'TION, n. [L. fricatio.] The act of rubbing ; friction. — Bacon. [Little used.] FRICTION, n. [L.frictio; Fr. friction.] 1. The act of rub- bing the surface of one body against that of another ; attri Hon. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist- ance which a moving body meets with from the surface on which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body with the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c. FRICTION-WHEELS, n. pi. In mechanics, wheels so ar- ranged as to diminish the friction of machinerv. FRICTION-LESS, a. Having no friction. FRl'DAY, n. [Sax. frig-dceg ; G.freitag; from Frigga, the Venus of the north.] The sixth day of the week, former- ly consecrated to Frigga. t FRID6E, v. t. [Sax. frician.] To move hastily. FRID'-SToLE. See Feed. FRIED, pp. or a. Dressed in a frying-pan ; heated ; agitated. FRIEND (frend), n. [Sax. freond.] 1. One who is attached to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2. One not hostile.- -Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity. 4. An attendant ; a companion. — Dry den. 5. A favorer ; one who is propitious. 6. A favorite. 7. A term of salutation ; a familiar compellation. 8. Formerly, a paramour. 9. One of the religious sect frequently called Quakers. — 10. A friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve an- other. FRIEND (frend), v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be- friend ; to support or aid. [We now use befriejid.] FPJSND'-LlKE (frend'-like), a. Having the dispositions of a friend. FRlEND'ED (frend'ed), pp. 1. Favored ; befriended. 2. a. Inclined to love ; well disposed. — Shak. FRIENDING (trending), ppr. Favoring. FRIEND'LESS (trendies), a. Destitute of friends ; want- ing countenance or support ; forlorn. — Pope. FRISND'LI-NESS (frendle-nes), n. 1. A disposition to friendship ; friendly disposition. 2. Exertion of benevo- lence or kindness. FRIEND'LY (frendly), a. 1. Having the temper and dispo- sition of a friend ; land; favorable; benevolent; disposed to promote the good of another. 2. Disposed to peace. 3. Amicable ; social ; neighborly. 4. Not hostile. 5. Fa- vorable ; propitious; salutary; promoting the good of; as, a friendly light. FRIfiMD'LY (frendly), adv. In the manner of friends ; am- icably. — Shak. [Not much used.] FRIEND'SHIP (frend'ship), n. 1. An attachment to a per- son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip- rocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the amiable and respectable qualities of his mind. Friendship differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in general, and from that love which springs from animal ap- petite. 2 Mutual attachment ; intimacy. 3. Favor ; per- sonal kindness. — Swift. 4. Friendly aid; help; assistance, ' See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long. X. E, I, &.c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT-— PREY;— MARiNE, BIRD; ••fcTiVE, %gt ; Sax. fyrhto.] Sudden and violent fear ; a passion excited, by the sudden appearance of danger. — Syn. Aflright; alarm; terror; consternation; dismay. FRIGHT, ~)v. t. To alarm suddenly with danger; to FRlGHT'JTN, ) shock suddenly with the approach of evil. — Syn. To aflright ; terrify ; scare ; dismay ; daunt ; in- timidate. FRlGHT'ED, \ pp. or a. Terrified; suddenly alarmed FRiGHTjEN.ED, 5 with danger. FRlGHT'^N-ING, ppr. Terrifying ; suddenly alarming. FRlGHTTUL, a. Exciting alarm ; impressing terror. — Syn. Terrible ; dreadful ; alarming ; fearful ; terrific ; aw- ful ; horrid ; horrible ; shocking. FRlGHT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Terribly ; dreadfully ; in a man- ner to impress terror and alarm ; horribly. 2. Very disa- greeably ; shockingly. FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror. FRlGHTLESS, a. Free from fright. FRIG'ID, a. [L.frigidus.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth. 2. Wanting warmth of affection ; unfeeling. 3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power ; impotent. 4. Dull ; jejune ; unanimated ; want- ing the fire of genius or fancy ; as, frigid verse. 5. Stiff; formal ; forbidding, as a look. 6. Wanting zeal ; dull ; formal ; lifeless ; as, frigid devotions. FRIG'ID ZoNE. The part of the earth between the polar cir- cle and the pole. FRI-GID'I-TY, «. 1. Coldness; want of warmth. 2. Want of natural heat, life, and vigor of body ; impotency ; im- becility. 3. Coldness of affection. 4. Dullness ; want of animation or intellectual fire. FRIG'ID-LY, adv. Coldly ; dully ; without affection. FR1GTD-NES8, n. Coldness ; dullness ; want of heat or vigor ; want of affection. See Frigidity. FRIG-O-RIFIC, a. [Fr. frigorifique.] Causing cold ; pro- ducing or generating cold. — Quincy. FRILL, n. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt or other similar thing ; a ruffle. FRILL, v. i. [Fr.frileux.] To shake; to quake; to shiver as with cold. TFRIM, a. [Sax. freom.] Flourishing. — Drayton. FRINGE (frinj), n. [Fr. frange.] 1. An ornamental append- age to the borders of garments or furniture, consisting of loose threads. 2. Something resembling fringe ; an open, broken border. FRINGE, v. t. To adorn or border with fringe or a loose edging. FRINGE'-LIKE, a. Resembling fringe. FRINGE'-MaK'ER, ?i. One who makes fringe. FRINGE'-TREE, n. A small tree of the Southern United States, having snow-whit8 flowers, which hang down like fringe. — Farm. Encyc. FRINGED (frinjd), pp. or a. Bordered with fringe. FRINGE'LESS, a. Having no fringe. FRIN-GIL-LI'CEOUS, a. [L. fringilla.] Pertaining to the finches or J 'ring illada. FRINGING, ppr. Bordering with fringe. FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes.— Shale. FRIPTER, n. [Fr. frippicr.] A dealer in old thing3 ; a brok- er. — James. FRIPTER-ER, n. One who deals in old clothes. FRIP'PER-Y, n. [Fr.friperie.] 1. Old clothes; cast dress- es ; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence, waste matter ; useless things ; trifles. 2. The place where old clothes are sold. 3. The trade or traffic in old clothes. FRIPTER- V. a. Trifling ; contemptible.— Gray. FRl-$£C'R (fre-zuri), n. [Fr.J A hair-dresser.— Warton. FR.ISK, v. i. [Dan. frisk.] 1 To leap ; to skip ; to spring suddenly one way and the other. 2. To dance, skip, and gambol in frolic and gayety. FRISK, a. Lively ; brisk ; blithe.- -Hall. FRISK, n. A frolic ; a fit of wanton gayety. t FRISKAL, 7i. A leap or caper. — .Be?* Jonsc^. FRISK'ER, n. One who leaps or dances in gayety ; a wan ton ; an inconstant or unsettled person. FRISK'ET, n. [Fr. frisquette.] In printing, the light framo by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tyinpan to be laid on the form for impression. FRISK'FUL, a. Brisk ; lively.— Thomson. FRISK'I-LY, adv. In a frisky manner. FRISK'I-NESS, n. Briskness and frequency of motion , gayety ; liveliness ; a dancing or leaping in frolic. FRISKING, ppr. Leaping; skipping; dancing about ; mov- ing with life and gayety. FRISKY, a. Jumping with gayety ; gay ; frolicsome ; lively. FRIT, 7i. [Fr.fritte.] In the manufacture of glass, the mat ter of which glass is made, after it has been calcined baked in a furnace, but before fusion. FRITH, 7i. [L. fretum.] 1. A narrow passage of the sea , a strait. [It is used for the opening of a river into the sea] 2. A kind of weir for catching fish. FRITH, n. [W . frith, or friz.] 1. A forest; a woody place 2. A small field taken out of a common. tFRITHT, a. Woody.— Skelto n. FRITTL-LA-RY, n. [L. fritillus.] The crown imperial, a bulbous flowering plant, allied to the tulip and lily, t FRIT'I-NAN-CY, n. [L.fritinnio.] A chirping or creaking, as of a cricket. — Brown. FRITTER, 7i. [It. frittella.] 1. A pancake of fried batter; also, a small piece of meat fried. 2. A fragment ; a shred ; a small piece. FRITTER, v. t. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 2. To break into small pieces or fragments. — To fritter away, is to dimmish ; to take away or waste by degrees. FRITTERED, pp. Cut or broken to pieces. FRITTER-ING, par. Cutting or breaking into small pieces. FRI-VOL'I-TY, n. Acts or habits of trifling. FRIV'O-LOUS, a. [L. frivolus.] Of little weight, worth, or importance; not worth notice. — Syn. Trifling; trivial; slight ; unimportant ; petty ; worthless. FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being trifling, or of very little worth or importance ; want of consequence. FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a trifling manner. FRIZ, v. t. [Sp. frisar.] 1. To curl ; to crisp ; to form into small curls with a crisping-pin. 2. To form the nap of cloth into little hard burs, prominences, or knobs. FRIZZED, pp. or a. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth. FRIZ'ZING, ppr. Curling ; forming little hard burs on cloth, FRIZZLE, v. t. To curl ; to crisp ; as hair.— Gay. FRIZ'ZL£D (frizld), pp. or a. Curled ; crisped. FPtlZ'ZLER, 7i. One who makes short curls. FRIZ'ZLING. ppr. Curling; crisping. FRO, adv. [Sax. fra.] From ; away ; back or backward ; as in the phrase to and fro. FROCK, 7i. [Fr./?-oc] An upper coat, or an outer garment. [The word is now used for a loose garment or shirt, worn by men over their other clothes, and for a kind of gown open behind, worn by females.] FROCK'-CoAT, n. A kind of strait-bodied coat, having the same length before and behind, like a surtout, but shorter. FROCKED (frockt), a. Clothed in a frock. FROGK'LESS, a. Destitute of a frock. FROG, 7i. [Sax. froga.] 1. A common amphibious animal, remarkable for its activity in swimming and leaping. — 2. In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the 6ole of a horse's foot. 3. A cloak button, swelled in the middle. FROG'-FISH, 7i. The fishing-frog, which see. FROG'-GRXSS, ?i. A plant. FROG'-HOP-PER, n. A small insect living on plants, and remarkable for its leaping. Its larvae are found on leaves inclosed in a frothy liquid, and hence called cuckoo-spiitls or frog-spittle. FROG'BIT, 7i. A plant, the hydrocharis. FROGGY, a. Having frogs.— Sherwood. FR.OISE, 7i. [Fr. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying bacon inclosed in a pancake. — Todd. FROLIC, } a. [G. fruhlich.] Gay; merrj ; full of levity; FROL'ICK, 3 dancing, playing, or frisking about ; full of pranks. [Poetic] FROL'IC, ? 7i. l.»A wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay- FROL'ICK, ) ety and mirth ; a gambol ; a freak. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in dancing or play. FROL'IC, ? v. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks cf FROL'ICK, S levity, mirth, and gayety. FROL'I€K£D (frol'ikt), pret. of Fkolic. FROL'IC-FUL, a. Frolicsome. FROLTSK-1NG, ppr. or a. Playing pranks ; frolicsome, t FROL'IC-L Y, adv. With mirth and gsYe.ty.—Beaum. and Fl t FROL'IC-NESS, n. Pranks ; wildness of gayety ; frolic- someness. FROL'I€-S6ME, a. Full of gayety and mirthj given to pranks. Dd VE ;-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH a/ SH . TH as in this, t ObuOete. FRO 432 FRO FKOLTC SOME-LY, adv. With wild gayety. FROLTC-SOME-NESS. n. Gayety ; wild pranks. FROM, prep. [Sax. fram; Goth. /ram.] The sense of from may be expressed by the noun distai .ce, or by the adjec- ti re distant, or by the participle depat sing, removing to a distance.— The sense of from is literal or figurative, but it ia uniformly the same. — In certain p Erases, generally or always elliptical, from is followed by sertain adverbs, de- noting place, region, or position, ind;finitely, no precise point being expressed ; as, From above, from the upper re- gions ; From after, from a distance ; From beneath, from a place or region below ; From below, from a lower place ; From behind, from a place or position in the rear ; From far, from a distant place ; From high, from on high, from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven ; From hence, from this place : but from is superfluous before hence ; From thence, from that place, from being superflu- ous ; From whence, from, which place, from being superflu- ous ; From where, from which place ; From within, from the interior or inside ; From without, from the outside, from abroad. — From precedes another preposition, follow- ed by its proper object or case ; as, From amid, From among, From beneath, From beyond. FROM'WARD, adv. [Sax. fram and weard.] Away from ; the contrary of toward. FROND, n. [L. frons.] In botany, a term applied to the stem of certain plants, as the ferns, whose stalk and leaves are so intimately connected, that it is difficult to determine where the one ends and the other begins. FRON-DX'TION, n. A lopping of trees.— Evelyn. FRON-DESCE' (fron-dess'), v. i. To unfold leaves, as plants. FRON-DES'CENCE, n. [L.frondesco.] In botany, the pre- cise time of the year and month in which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing fronds. FROND'OUS, a. A frondous flower is one which is leafy. "FRONT (frunt), n. [L. frons, frontis ; Fr. front.] 1. Prop- erly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes ; hence, the whole face. 2. The forehead or face, as ex- pressive of the temper or disposition ; as, an impudent front. 3. The fore-part of any thing. 4. The fore-part or van of an army or a body of troops. 5. The part or place before the face, or opposed to it, or to the fore-part of a thing. 6. The most conspicuous part or particular. 7. Impudence ; as, men affront. FRONT (frunt), v. t. 1. To oppose face to face ; to oppose directly. — Dryden. 2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any thing. FRONT, v. i. 1. To stand foremost.— Shah. 2. To have the face or front toward any point of comoass. FRONT-BOX, n. The box in a play-house before the rest. FRONT-ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the fore-part of a house. FRONTAGE (frunt'aje), n. The front part of an edifice or lot. FRONTAL, a. Belonging to the forehead. FRONTAL, n. [L.frontale; Ft. frontal.] 1. In medicine, a medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead. — 2. In architecture, a little pediment or front piece, over a small door or window. — 3. In Jewish ceremonies, a frontal or brow-band, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid on leather, and tied round the forehead in the synagogue ; each piece containing some text of Scripture. FRONTa-TED, a. [L. frons.] Growing broader and broad- er, as a leaf. FRONTED (frunfed), a. Formed with a front— Milton. * FRONT-IeR' (front-eer'), n. [Fr.frontiere.] The marches; the border, confine, or extreme part of a country, border- ing on another country. * FRONT-IeR', a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering ; conterminous. FRONT-IERED' (front-eerd'), a. Guarded on the frontiers. FRONTING, ppr. 1. Opposing face to face. 2. a. Standing with the front toward, front to front, or opposite. FRON-TIN-IAC ? (fron-tin-yak'), n. A species of French FRON-TIG-NAG' 5 wine, named from Frontignac, the place inLanguedoc where it is produced. FRONTIS-PIeCE, n. [L. frojidspicium.] 1. In architecture, the principal face of a building ; the face that directly pre- sents itself to the eye. 2. An ornamental figure or engrav- ing fronting the first page of a book, or at the beginning. FRONTLESS (fruntles), a. Wanting shame or modesty not diffident. — Dryden. FRONTLET, n. 1. A fillet or band worn on the forehead Hence Shakspeare uses it for a frowning brow. 2. In or nithology, the margin of the head behind the bill of birds generally clothed with rigid bristles. — Br ancle f FROP'PISH, a. Peevish ; fro ward.— Clarendon. tFRORE, a. [G. fror, gefroren.] Frozen ; frosty.— Milton. tFRoRNE, a. Frozen.— Spenser. tFRo'RY, a. 1. Frozen. — Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth resembling hoar-frost. — Fairfax. FROST (frost or fraust), n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. frost.] 1. Frozen dew ; also called hoar-frost, or white frost. 2. The act of freezing ; [applied particularly to water.] 3. That state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the congelation of water. 4. The appearance of plants sparkling with icy crystals. — Black frost, which is much more destructive to vegetables than white frost, occurs when plants are frozen without any deposition of moisture upon them. Strictly speaking, no frost is then formed.— Olmsted. FROST (frost or fraust), v. t. 1. In cookery, to cover o. sprinkle with a composition of sugar resembling hoar- frost. 2. To cover with any thing resembling hoar-frost FROST-BIT-TEN, a. Nipped, withered, or affected by frost. FROST-BOUND, a. Bound or confined by frost. FROST'-NaIL, n. A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre- vent the horse from slipping on ice. FROST-NIPPED (-nipt), a. Nipped by frost.— Bowring. FROST-NUMBED, a. Made numb by frost.— Coleridge. FROST-WORK, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs. FROSTED, pp. or a. Covered with a composition like white frost : covered with any thing resembling hoar- frost in color or form. FROSTI-LY, adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold. 2, Without warmth of affection ; coldly. FROSTI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty j freezing cold. FROSTING, ppr. Covering with something resembling hoar-frost. FROSTING, n. The composition resembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c. FROSTLESS, a. Free from frost— Swift. FROSTY, a. 1. Producing frost ; having power to congeal water. 2. Containing frost. 3. Chill in affection ; with- out warmth of affection or courage. 4. Resembling hoat>- frost ; white ; gray-haired. FROTH (froth or frauth), n. [Gr. ay fermenta- tion or agitation. 2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence. 3. Light, unsubstantial matter. FROTH, v. t. To cause to foam. — Beaumont and Fletcher. FROTH, v. i. To foam ; to throw up spume ; to throw out foam or bubbles. FROTH'-SPIT, n. A kind of white froth on the leaves of plants ; cuckoo-spit. FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1. With foam or spume. 2. In an emp- ty, trifling manner. FROTH'I-NESS, n. The state of being frothy ; emptiness ; senseless matter. FROTHING, ppr. Foaming. FROTH'LESS, a. Free from froth. FROTHY, a. 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles. 2. Soft; not firm or solid.. 3. Vain ; light ; empty ; unsubstantial. FR-OUNCE, n. A mass of pimples in the palate of a horse , also, a similar disease in hawks. — Booth. FROUNCE, v. t. [Sp. frimcir.] To gather into plaits ; to form wrinkles ; to curl or frizzle the hair about the face. FROUNCE. n. A wrinkle, plait, or curl ; an ornament of dress. — Beaumont and Fletcher. FROUNCED (frounst),^. Curled ; frizzled. FROTJNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. FROUNCING, ppr. Curling ; Crispins?. FROU'ZY, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim ; cloudy.— Swift. t FROW, n. [G. frau ; D. vrouw.] A Dutch or German woman. FRo'WARD, a. [Sn-K.framwcard.] Turning from with aver- sion or reluctance ; not willing to yield or comply with what is required. — Syn. Perverse ; untoward ; wayward ; unyielding ; ungovernable ; refractory ; disobedient ; pet- ulant ; cross ; peevish. FRoWARD-LY, adv. Perversely ; in a peevish manner. FR5WARD-NESS, n. Perverseness ; reluctance to yield or comply ; disobedience ; peevishness ; petulance. FRoW'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths. FROWN, v. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1. To express displeasure by contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly ; to look stern ; to scowl : with on or at. 2. To manifest dis- pleasure in any manner. 3. To lower; to look threat- ening. FROWN, v. t. To repel by expressing displeasure ; to re- buke. FROWN, n. 1. A wrinkled look, particularly expressing dislike ; a sour, severe, or stern look, expressive of dis- pleasure ; a scowl. 2. Any expression of displeasure FROWNING, ppr. or a. Knitting the brow in anger or dis pleasure ; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern, or angry look ; lowering ; threatening. FROWN'ING-LY, adv. Sternly ; with a look of displeasure. FROWY, a. [The same asfrouzy.] Musty ; rancid ; rank ; as, frowy butter. — Forby. FROWZY. See Frouzy. * See Synopsis 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD • MOVE, BOQIt FRU 433 FUE FRoZ EN Jro'zn;-, pp or a. [from freeze.] 1. Congealed by cold. 2. Cold ; frosty ; chill. 3. Chill or cold in affection. 4. Void of natural heat or vigor. f FROZ'jEN-NESS, n. State of being frozen.— Bp. Gauden. F. It. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. tFRUBISH, for furbish. FRUC'TED, a. [L. fructus.] In heraldry, bearing fruit. FRUG-TES'CENCE, n. [L. fructus.] In botany, the precise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and its seeds are dispersed ; the fruiting season. FRU€-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or producing fruit. FRUC-TI-Fl-Ci'TION, n. 1. The act of fructifying, or ren- dering productive of fruit ; fecundation. — 2. In botany, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to generation. FRUCTI-FlJED (fruk'te-f Ide), pp. Rendered fruitful or pro- ductive. FRUCTI-FY, v. t. [Low L.friLctificb ; Fr.' fruetifier.] To make fruitful ; to render productive ; to fertilize. FRUCTI-FY, v. i. To bear fruit.— Hooker. [Unusual] FRUCTI-FY-1NG, ppr. or a. Rendering fruitful or produc- tive ; fertilizing. f FRUCTU-aTION, n. Produce ; fruit.— Pownall. FRUC'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful ; fertile ; also, impregnating with fertility. — Philips. FRUC'TU-OUS-LY, adv. Fruitfully. FRUC'TU-OTJS-NESS, n. Fruitfulness. tFRUCTSJRE (frukfyur), n. Use ; fruition , enjoyment. FRu'GAL, a. [L. frugalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal] Economical in the use or appropriation of money, goods, or provisions of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense ; sparing ; not profuse, prodigal, or lavish. FRU-GAL'ITY, n. 1. Prudent economy ; good husbandry or housewifery ; a sparing use or appropriation of money or commodities ; a judicious use of any thing to be ex- pended. 2. A prudent and sparing use oi appropriation of any thing. FRu'GAL-LY, adv. With economy ; with good manage- ment ; in a saving manner. FRUG'GTN, n. [Fv.fourgon.] An oven fork; the pole with which the ashes in the oven are stirred. FRU-GlF'ER-OUS, a. [L.frugifer.] Producing fruit or corn. FRU-GIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. fruges and voro.] Feeding on fruits, seeds, or corn, as birds. FRUIT (frute), n. [Ft. fruit ; It. frutto.] 1. In a general sense, whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of ani- mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a tree or other plant ; the last production for the propagation or multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part that contains the seeds. — 3. In botany, the seed of a plant, or the seed with the pericarp. 4. Production; that which is produced. i>. The produce of animals; offspring; young. 6. Effect or consequence, as of one's labor. 7. Advantage ; profit ; good derived. 8. Production, effect, or conse- quence ; [in a bad sense ;] as, the fruit of evil habits. FItuIT, v. i. To produce fruit.— Chesterfield. FROIT-BEXR-ER, n. That which produces fruit. FRuIT-BEaR-ING, a. Producing fruit; having the quality of bearing fruit. — Mortimer. FRoIT-BUD, n. The bud that produces fruit.— De Cand. FRuIT-GRoVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit- trees. FRuIT-LOFT, n. A place for the preservation of fruit. FRurr-TlME, n. The time for gathering fruit. FRuIT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit FRuIT 'AGE (frufaje), n. [Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various fruits. — Milton. FRfiirER-ER, n. One who deals in fruit. FRuIT'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fruilerie.] 1. Fruit collectively taken. 2._ A fruit-loft ; a repository for fruit. FRUITFUL, a. 1. Very productive ; producing fruit in abundance. 2. Bearing children ; not barren. 3. Abound- ing in any thing. 4. Productive of any tiling. 5. Produc- ing in abundance ; generating.— Syn. Prolific ; fertile ; rich ; plenteous ; abundant ; plentiful. FRuITFUL-LY, adv. 1. In. such a manner as to be prolific. 2. Plenteously ; abundantly. -Shah. FROITFUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of producing fruit in abundance; productiveness; fertility. 2. Fecundity; the quality of being prolific, or producing many young. 3. Productiveness of the intellect. 4. Exuberant abundance. FRDITING, ppr. or a. Producing fruit; pertaining to fruit. FRUITING, n. The bearing of fruit. FRU-I"TION (fru-ish'un), n. [L. fruor.] Use, accompanied with pleasure, corporeal or intellectual ; enjoyment ; grat- ification ; the pleasure derived from use or possession. FRu'ITIVE, a. Enjoying.— Boyle. FRUITLESS, a. 1. Not bearing fruit ; destitute of fruit. 2. Productive of no advantage or good effect. 3. Having no offspring. Shah. — Syn. Barren ; unprofitable ; abortive ; ineffectual ; vain ; idle ; profitless ; useless. FRulT'LESS-LY, adv. Without any valuable effect; idly, vainly ; unprofitably. FRC1TLE8S-NESS, n. The quality of being vain or un- profitable. FlluITY, a. Like fruit ; bavins: the qualities of fruit. FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS (fru-men-ta'shus), a. [L. frumenta ceus.] 1. Made of wheat or like grain. 2. Resemblinj wheat. FRU-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [L. frumentarius.] Pertaining t. wheat or grain. FRU-MENTaTION, n. [L. frumentatio.] Among the A, mans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people. FRu'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.] Food made of whea. boiled in milk. FRUMP, n. 1. A joke, jeer, or flout ; [obs.] Bp. Hall— 2. In modern colloquial usage, a cross-tempered, old-fashioned female. — Smart. t FRUMP, v. t. To insult. — Beaumont and Fletcher. tFRUMP'ER, n. A mocker ; a scoffer. — Cotgrave. FRUMP'ISH, a. Old-fashioned; ill-natured.— Smart. [Coll] t FRUSH, v. t. [Fr. froisser.] To bruise ; to crush. FRUSH, n. [G. frosch.] 1. In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot ; the same as frog . 2. A discharge of a fetid or ichorous mat- ter from the frog of a horse's foot ; also called thrush.— Smart. FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That may be frustrated. FRUS-TRA'NE-OUfe,a. Vain; useless; unprofitable.— South [Little used.] FRUSTRATE, v. t. [L. frustro.] 1. To defeat , to disap- point ; to balk ; to bring to nothing. 2. To disappoint ; to foil. 3. To make null ; to nullify ; to render of no ef- fect. FRUSTRATE, part. a. Vain; ineffectual; useless; unprof- itable ; null ; void ; of no effect. — Dryden. FRUSTRATED, pp. Defeated ; disappointed ; rendered vain or null. FRUSTRATING, ppr. Defeating ; disappointing ; making vain or of no effect. FRUSTRATION, n. The act of frustrating; disappoint- ment ; defeat. — South. FRUSTRATIVE, a. Tending to defeat ; fallacious. FRUSTRA-TO-RY. a. That makes void ; that vacates or renders null.— Ayliffe. FRUSTUM, n. [L.] In geometry, the part of a solid next the base, formed by cutting off' the top ; or, the part of any solid, as of a cone, pyramid, &c, between two pianos. FRUTES'CENT, a. [L.frutex.] In botany, from herbaceous becoming shrubby. — Martyn. FRfJTEX, n. [L.] In botany, a shrub. FRu'TI-CANT, a. Full of shoots.— Evelyn. FRuTI-€oSE, \a. [L. fruticosus.] Shrub-like: branching FRfj'TI-COUS, 5 like a shrub. FRUTICU-LoSE, a. Branching like a small shrub. FRY, v. t. [L.frigo.] To dress with fat by heating or roast, ing in a pan over a fire ; to cook in a i:ying-pan. FRY, v. i. 1. To be heated and agitated, as meat in a frying- pan ; to suffer the action of fire or extreme heat. 2. To ferment, as in the stomach. 3. To be agitated ; to boil. FRY, n. [Fr.frai.] 1. A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2 A dish of any •thing fried. 3. A kind of sieve ; [not Ameri- can use.] FRYING, ppr. Dressing in a frying-pan ; heating ;■ agi- tating. FRY'ING-PAN, n. A pan with a long handle, used for fry- ing meat and vegetables. t FUB, n. A plump young person. — Smart. FUB, v. t. To put off'; to delay ; to cheat.— Shah. See Fob. FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby.— Nichols. Fu'CATE, \a. [L.fucatus.] Painted; disguised with paint; Fu'Ca-TED, 3 also, disguised with false show. Fu'COID, n. Fossil sea-weed.— HkcJicock. See Fucus, Fu'COID, a. Resembling sea-weed. FU-€OID'AL, a. Containing fucoids. Fu'CUS, n. [L.]' 1. A paint; a dye; also, false show. 2. pi. Fuci, in botany, a genus of alga, or sea-weeds ; the sea- wrack, &c. FUDTDER of lead. See Fotheh and Fodder. FUD'DLE, v. t. To make drunk ; to intoxicate. FUD'DLE, v. i. To drink to excess. — L'Estrangc. FUDDLED, #p. Drunk; intoxicated. FUD'DLER, n. A drunkard.— Baxter. FUD'DLING, ppr. Intoxicating ; drinking to excess. FUDGE, n. A made-up story ; stuff; nonsense ; an excla- mation of contempt. — Goldsmith. Fu'EL, n. [Fr.fev,; Sp.fuego.] 1. Any matter which serves as aliment to fire ; that which feeds fire ; combustible mat- ter. 2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase flame, heat, or excitement. Fu'EL, v. t. 1. To feed with combustible matter. 2. Ta _store with fuel or firing. — Wotton. Fu'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter ; stored with firing. FC'EL-ER, n. He or that which supplies fuel. FO'EL-ING. ppr. Feeding with fuel ; supplying with fuel. D6VE;-1'IJLL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SII- Til as in this, t Obsolete EH FTrL 434 FCTL FU'E-RO, n [Sp., L'( m the r >ot of force.] 1. A statute ; ju- risdiction. 2. A cLarter of privileges. FUFF,v.i. [G.pfiffen.] To bl ow or puff.— Brocket*. [Local.] FUFF'Y, a. Light and soft— Brockett. [Local] FU-Gl'CIOUS (fu-ga'shus), a. [L. fugax.] Flying or fleeing away; volatile. FU-GI'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of flying away ; vola- tility. FU-GAC'I-TY (fu-gas'e-te), n. [L. fugax.] 1. Volatility ; the _quality of flying away. 2. Uncertainty ; instability. p-rx ' ? An exclamation expressing abhorrence. Fu'Gl-TIVE, a. [Fr. fugitif; L.fugitivus.] 1. Volatile; apt to flee away ; readily wafted by the wind. 2. Not tena- ble ; not to be held or detained ; readily escaping. 3. Un- stable ; unsteady ; fleering ; not fixed or durable. 4. Flee- ing; running from danger or pursuit. 5. Fleeing from duty ; eloping ; escaping. 6. Wandering ; vagabond. — 7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, and con- sidered to be fleeting and temporary. Ffj'ol-TIVE, n. 1. One who flees from his station or duty ; a deserter ; one who flees from danger. 2. One who has fled or deserted, and taken refuge under another power, or one who has fled from punishment. 3. One hard to be _caught or detained. Fu'Gl-TIVE-LY, adv. In a furtive manner. Fu'Gl-TlVE-NESS, n. 1. Volatility ; fugacity ; an aptness to flv away. 2. Instability ; unsteadiness. Fu'GLE-MAN, In. [Ger. flugelmann, file leader.] One FLO'GEL-MAN, > who stands in front of a fine of soldiers when under drill, and whose movements, in the manual exercise, they are all simultaneously to follow. FuGUE (lug), n. [Fr. fugue; L., Sp., It. fuga.] In music, a composition in which the different parts follow each oth- er, each repeating the subject at a certain interval above _or below the preceding part. — Brande. Fu'GUIST (fu'gist), n. A musician who composes fugues, or performs them extemporaneously. — Busby. t FUL'CI-BLE, a. [L.fulcibilis.] Which may be propped up. FUL'CI-MENT, n. [L. fulcimentum.] A prop ; a fulcrum ; that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.] FUL'CRATE, a. [L. fulcrum.] 1. In botany, afulcrate stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2. Furnished with fulcrums. FUL'CBUM, 7i. ; pi. Fulcra or Fulcrums. [L.] 1. A prop or support. — 2. In mechanics, that by which a lever is sus- tained, or the point about which It moves. — 3. In botany, all the appendages of the axis of a plant except the leaves and flowers, were formerly called fulcra, as the bracts, tendrils, &c. ; [disused..] FUL-F1LL', v. t. [full and fill] 1. To accomplish ; to per- form ; to complete ; to answer in execution or event what has been foretold or promised. 2. To accomplish what was intended; to answer a design by execution. 3. To accomplish or perform what was desired ; to answer any desire by compliance or gratification. 4. To perform what is required ; to answer a law by obedience. 5. To com- plete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish ; to complete ; to carry into effect FUL-FILLED' (ful-fiW), pp. Accomplished ; performed ; completed ; executed. FUL-FILL'ER,, 7i. One who fulfills or accomplishes. FUL-FILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com- pleting. FUL-FlLL'MENT, 1 n. 1. Accomplishment ; completion. FUL-FILL'ING, > 2. Execution ; performance. FUL'FRAUGHT (-frawt), a. Full-stored. See Full-fraught. FUL'gEN-CY, n. [L.fulgens.] Brightness; splendor; glit- ter ; effulgence. FUL'(xENT, a. Shining; dazzling; exquisitely bright. FUL'GENT-LY, adv. In a glittering manner. FFUL'GlD, a. [L.fulgidus.] Shining; dazzlin?. IFUL-GlD'I-TY, n. Splendor; dazzling glitter 7— Diet. FUL'GOR, n. [L.] Splendor ; dazzling brightness. — More. [Little used.] t FUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightning. , FUL'GU-RaTE, v. i. to flash as lightning.— Chambers. FUL-GU-Ra'TION, ti. [L. fulguratio.] 1. Lightning ; the act of lightning ; [unusual] 2. The sudden brightening of a fused globule of gold or silver when the last film of the oxydoi lead or copper leaves its surface.— Brande. FUL'GU-RlTE, n. [L. fulgura.] A tube of vitrified sand, supposed to be formed by a stroke of lightning on a sandy plain, f a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection. 4. Repletion ; wtiety, ^s from in- Sei Synopsis a. K I, &c, long.—l, E, I, xe. fFUNuE, n. [ij.fnngus.] A blockhead ; a fool. — Burton. FUN' . . nj T . FUSTI-I UGS \ n ' foss, fat, unwieldy person. — Junius. FUST I NESS, n. A fusty state or quality; an ill smell from inoldiness, or moldiness itself. FUST'Y. a. Moldy ; ill-smelling ; rank ; rancid.— Shak. FiJ'SURE (-zhur), n. A smelting. .See Fuse. Fu'TILE, a. [Fr. ; L. futilis.] 1. Talkative ; loquacious ; tattling ; [obs? 2. Of no weight or importance ; answer- ing no valuable purpose. 3. Of no effect. — Syn. Trifling; trivial : frivolous ; unimportant ; useless ; worthless. FtJ'TiLF.-LY, adv. In a futile manner. *U-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. Talkativeness; loquaciousness; loqua- city : [obs.] 2. Triflingness ; unimportance ; want of weight or effect. 3 The quality of producing no raluable eflect, or of coming to nothing. i Fu'TIL-OUS, a. Worthless ; trifling.— Howell. FUTTOCK, n. [qu. foot-hook, or conupted from foot-lo^k. In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, betweei the floor and the upper timbers. FUTURE (futyur), a. [L.futurus ; Fr. futur.] 1. That ist be or come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar is the modification of a verb which expresses a future act j)r event Fu'TURE, n. Time to come ; a time subsequent to the present \ Fu'TURE-LY, adv. In time to come— Raleigh. FU-TU-Rl"TION (fut-yu-rish'un), n. The state of being to come or exist hereafter. — South. FU-Tu'RI-TY, n. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event to come. 3. The state of being yet to come. FuZE, n. A tube filled with combustible matter, used is blasting, or in discharging a shell. Same as fuse. FUZZ, v. t. To make drunk. [A low word.] See Fuzzle. FUZZ, v. i. To fly off in minute particles. FUZZ, n. Fine, fight particles ; loose, volatile matter. FUZZ'-B ALL, ?i. 1. A kind of fungus, which, when pressed, bursts and scatters a fine dust. 2. A puff. FUZ'ZLE, v. t. To intoxicate. — Burton. FUZ'ZL£D, pp. Intoxicated. FUZZY, a. Light and spongy. [Craven dialect. Written, also fozy by Brockett.] F¥,exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, disap- probation, abhorrence, or contempt. G. Gthe seventh letter, and the fifth articulation of the En- j glish alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin and Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two sounds, one hard or close, as in gave ; the other soft, fike j or dzh, as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases before a, o, and u; but before e, i, and y its sound is hard or soft as custom has dictated, and its different sounds are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as, benign, condign. As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with a dash over it G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the treble cliff"; and, from its being placed at the head, or marking the first sound in Guido*s scale, the whole scale took the name gamut, from the Greek name of the letter. GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and oth- er Teutonic languages. GAB, n. [Scot, gab.] " The mouth ; as in the phrase, the gift of the gab, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar phrase.] GAB, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly; to prate. — Chau- cer. 2. To lie ; to impose upon. GAB-AR-DiNE', n. [Sip.gabcrdma.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment; a mean dress. — Shak. GAB'BLE, v. i. [T>. gabberen.] 1. To prate; to talk fast or to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity. GAB'BLE, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. 2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls. GAB'BLER, n. A prater ; a noisy talker ; one who uttera inarticulate sounds. GAB'BLING, ppr. Prating ; chattering ; uttering unmean- ing or inarticulate sounds. GAB'BLING. n. The making of a confused noise ; rapid, indistinct utterance. — Spectator. GAB'BRO, n. In mineralogy, the name given by the Italians to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. Ga'BEL, ii. [Fr. gabelle.] A tax, impost, or duty ; usually an excise. — Addison. Ga/BEL-ER n. A collector of the gabel, or of taxes. GA-BELLE', n. [Fr.] In France, a tax, particularly on salt — Brande. Ga/BI-ON, n. [Fr. ; It. gabbione.] In fortification, a large basket of wicker-work, of a cylindrical form, filled with earth. Ga-BI-ON-NaDE', n. Obstruction by gabions. Ga'BLE (ga'bl), n. [W. gavael.] The triangular end of a house or other building, from the cornice or eaves to tho top. In America, it is usually called the gable-end. Ga'BLET, n. A small ornamental gable or canopy formed over a tabernacle, niche, &c. — Gloss, of Ar chit. Ga'BRI-EL-ITES, n.pl. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of Auabaptists, in Pomerania; so called from one Gabriel Scherling. G A'BRO-NlTE, n. A mineral : a variety of nepheline. — Ure. Ga'BY, re. A silly, foolish person. -See Gawby. GAD, n. [Sax. gad.] 1. A sharp-pointed rod or pricking instrument ; a goad. Hence, 2. The point of a spear or arrow-head. — Shak. 3. A wedge or ingot of steel or iron. 4. A punch of iron with a wooden handle, used by miners — Upon the gad, upon the spur or impure of the moment D6VL: .—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K ; (J as J; S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in tils, t Obsoltie GAI 438 GAL to rove or ramble 2. To ramble in GA*; v- » -T.gfud.] 1. To walk about i It/ o* t.thot any fixed purpose, j-r vt'a -if Up in. G 4.D •} Ly 7i. [Sax. gad and ./"#.] An insect of the genus ces\ ms, v hich stings cattle ; called, also, the breeze. GAD A -BO (JT, n. One who runs much abroad, without bus/wes [^4 colloquial term.] GAD'D/.R, "i. A rambler; one who roves about idly. GADT'iNG Ppr- Rambling; roving; walking about GAD'DINGLY, adv. In a rambling, roving manner. — Hulntt. GADLING, a. Straggling. Ga'DOID. a. or n. A term denoting a family of soft-finned fishes, of which the cod-fish is tbe type. — Brande. GAD'O-LlN-lTE, ?i. A rare mineral, containing yttria ; named from Prof. Gadolin. GAD' WALL, 71. A migratory, aquatic bird, of the duck kind, whose rlesh is excellent food. GIE'LIC, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] An epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes ot Celtic origin, inhabit- ing the Highlands of Scotland. GaE'LIC (ga'lix), 7t. The language of the Highlanders of Scotland. GAFF, n. A fool. See Goff. GAFF, n. [Ir. gaf.) 1. A light spear used by fishermen. 2. A sort of boom or yard, extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail. GAF'FER, /i. [Sax. gefere.) A word of respect, which seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt ; [applied to an aged, man, or old rustic. Rare.] GAF'FLE (gai'tie), n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur, put on cocks when they are set to tight. 2. A steel lever to bend cross-bows. GAF'TY, a. Doubtful ; suspected. — Cheshire. GAG, v. t. [W. cegiaw.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2. To keck ; to heave with nausea. GAG, n. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to hinder speaking. GagE, 7i. [Fr. gage.) 1. A pledge or pawn ; something laid down or given as a security. — Shah. 2. Something thrown down as a challenge to combat, to be taken up by the one who accepts the challenge. 3. A measure, or rule of measuring; a standard. [5ee Gauge.] 4. The number of feet which a ship sinks in the water. — 5. Among letter- founders, a piece of hard wood, variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, slopes, &c, of the various sorts of letters. 6. An instrument in joinery, made to strike a line p£_rallel to the straight side of a board. 7. The posi- tion of one vessel with respect to another. The weather- gage denotes a position to the windward, and the lee-gage a position to the leeward. Totten. — A sliding-gage, a tool used by mathematical instrument makers, for measuring and setting off distances.— Rain-gage, an instrument for measuring the quantity of water which falls from the cloud.s at a given place. Brande. — Sea-gage, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. — Wind-gage, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface. GIUE, a. t. 1. To pledge ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a pledge or security for some other act ; to wage or wager ; [ois.] 2. To bind by pledge, caution, or security ; to en- gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents oi"~a vessel, cask, or ship , written, also, gauge. GAGivD, pp. Pledged ; measured. G ~\G'P3R, 7i. One who gages or measures the contents. GAG'GER, 7i. One who gags. GAG'GLE, v. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a goose. GAG'GLING, n. The noise of geese. Gag'ING, ppr. Pledging ; measuring the contents. GaHN'iTE, n. [from Gahn.) A mineral ; automolite, which see. QIILLIaRDE' (gal-yard 7 ), n. [Fr.] A sprightly Italian dance. GaI'LY, adv. [better written ga.yly.) 1. Splendidly ; with finery or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily. GaIN. v. t. [Fr. gagner.] I. To obtain by industry or the employment of capital ; to get, as profit or advantage ; to acquire. 2. To win : to obtain by superiority or success. 3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive, as hon- or. 4. To obtain an increase of any thing, as time. 5. To obtain or receive any thing, good or bad. , 6. To draw into any interest or party ; to win to one's side ; to conciliate. 7. To obtain, as a suitor.— Milton. 8. To reach ; to attain to; to arrive at.— TV? gain into, to draw or persuade to join in.— To gain over, to draw to another party or inter- est ; to win or jr. — To gain ground, to advance in any undertaking ; to prevail : to increase. — To gain the wind, in sea language, is to arrive on the windward side of another ship. GAIN, v. i. 1. To have advantage or profit; to grow rich ; to advance in interest or happiness. 2. To encroach ; to advance on ; to come forward by degi ees : with on. 3. To advance nearer ; to gain ground on : with on. 4. Tc get ground ; to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To obtain influence with. GaIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Something obtained, as an advan- tage. 2. Unlawful advantage*. 3. Overplus in computa- tion; any thing opposed to loss. — Syn. Profit; interest lucre ; emolument ; benefit. GaIN, 7i. [W. gdn.) In architecture, a beveling shoulder- a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving timber. t GaIN, a. Handy ; dextrous. GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached. GaIN'AgE, 7i. In old laws, the same as wainage, that is guainage; the horses, oxen, and furniture of the wain, oi the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also, the land it- self, or the profit made by cultivation. GaIN E D, pp. Obtained, as profit or advantage ; won ; drawn over to a party ; reached. GaIN'ER, 7i. One who gains or obtains profit, interest, cs advantage. GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profita- ble; advantageous; advancing interest or happiness. 2. Lucrative ; productive of money ; adding to the wealth or estate. GaIN'FU L-L Y, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably ; advantageously. GaIN'FUL-NESS, 7i. Profit; advantage. t GaIN'GI V-ING, 7i. A misgiving ; a giving against or away. —Shak. GAINING, ppr. Obtaining by industry or activity ; reach- ing; winning. GaIN'INGS, n. pi. Acquisitions made by labor or sticcess- ful enterprise. GaTN'LESS, a. Not producing gain ; unprofitable ; not bringing advantage.— Hammond. GaIN'LESS-NESS, 7i. Unprofitableness ; want of advan- tage. — Decay of Piety. t GaIN'LY, adv. Handily ; readily ; dextrously. * GaIN-SaY' or GaIN'SaY, v. t. [Sax. gean, or ongean, and say.) To contradict ; to oppose in words ; to deny or de- clare untrue what another says ; to controvert; to dispute. * GaIN-SaYI?D', pp. Contradicted ; denied. GaIN-SaY'ER, 7i. One who contradicts or denies what is alleged ^ an opposer. — Tit., i. * GaIN-SaYTNG, ppr. or a. Contradicting ; denying; op- posing. GaIN-SaY'ING, ti. Contradiction; opposition. 'GAINST (genst). See Against. t GaIN'STAND, v. t. [Sax. gean and stand.] To withstand ; to oppose ; to resist. — Sidney. t GaIN'STRTVE, v. i. To make resistance. t GUN'STRlVE, v. t. To withstand. GaIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gearwian.) 1. Gaudy ; showy ; fine , affectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. GaIR'ISH-LY. adv. Gaudily; in a showy manner. GaIR'ISH-NESS, 7i. 1. Gaudiness ; finery ; ostentatious show. 2. Flighty or extravagant joy or ostentation.. Ga.IT, 7i. 1. A going ; a walk ; a march ; a way. — Shak. 2- Manner of walking or stepping. GaIT'ED, a. In compounds, having a particular gait. GaI'TER, 7i. 1. A covering of cloth for the leg. 2. A kind of shoe, consisting chiefly of cloth, and covering the ankles. GaI'TER, v. t. To dress with gaiters. Ga'LA, 7i. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show or festivity, when persons appear in their best apparel. GA-LACTIN, n. A vegetable substance obtained trom the sap of the cow-tree of South America. GAL-A€-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. yaXaKToS, from yaXa and fis rpov.) An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk ; a lactometer. — lire. GAL-AC-TOPHA.-GI8T, n. [Gr. ya\aKTOS, milk, and helmet. — 2. In botamj, having a flower like a helmet, as the monk's-hood. GA-LEE'TO, n. A fish of the genus blennius. GA-Ltt'NA, n. [Gr. yaXrivn.] 1. Originally, the name of the tkeriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead ; the common ore of lead. GA-LEN'I€, la. 1. Pertaining to or containing galena. GA-LEN'I€-AL, 3 2. Relating to Galen, an ancient physi- cian, or to the remedies which he used. Gl'LEN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Galen. Ga'LEN-IST, n. A follower of Galen. GAL-E-RiC'H-LATE, a. Covered, as with a hat.— Smart. GAL'ER-ITE, n. A genus of fossil shells. GA-LICTAN (ga-lish'e-an), a. Pertaining to Galicia. GAL-I-Le'AN, n. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also, one of a sect among the Jews. GAL-I-Le'AN TEL'E-SCOPE. See Telescope. GAL'I-LEE, n. A porch or chapel, usually at the west end of a church. — Gloss, of Ar chit. GAL-I-MITIAS (-ma'sha), n. [Fr.] Nonsense. See Galli- MATIA. GAL'I-OT (gal'e-ot), n. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or sort of brigantine, built for chase. 2. Galiot, or galliott, a Dutch vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast. GAL'I-POT, n. [Sp.] A white, viscid resin found on fir-trees. GALL, n. [Sax. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo- my, a bitter, bottle-green fluid, secreted by the gall-blad- der beneath the liver. 2. Any thing extremely bitter. 3. Rancor ; malignity. 4. Anger ; bitterness of mind. GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.) 1. A hard, round excres- cence on a kind of oak-tree in certain warm climates, said to be the nest of an insect called cynips. It is used in making ink. — 2. Gall of glass, also called sandiver, the neu- tral salt skimmed oft' from the surface of melted glass. — Ure. GALL, v. t. In dyeing, to impregnate with a decoction of gall-nuts. — Ure. GALL, v. t. [Fr. galer.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric- tion ; to excoriate ; to hurt or break the skin by rubbing. 2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound ; to break the surface of any thing by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass ; to annoy. GALL, v. i. To fret; to be' teased.— Shak. GALL, n. A wound in the skin by rubbing. GALL'-BLAD-DER, n. A small membranous sack, shaped like a pear, seated on the under side of the liver, and se- creting a thickish, dark, bottle-green fluid, extremely bit- ter, called gall. GALL'-FLY, n. The insect that punctures plants, and oc- casions galls ; the cynips. — Encyc. GALL'-IN'SECT, n. A name common to a family of in- sects, including the cochineal insect. — Brande. GALL'-NUT, n. An excrescence on a species of oak, used in dyeing, making ink, &c. See Gall. GALL'-SICK-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever in Holland. GALL'-SToNE,^. A concretion formed in the gall-bladder. GAL'LANT, a. [Fr. galant ; Sp. galante.] 1. Gay; well- dressed ; showy ; splendid; magnificent; [obs.] 2. Man- ifesting intrepidity or bravery, as a soldier. 3. Fine ; no- ble. — Shale. 4. Showing politeness and attention to ladies. GAI.-LANT, a. Courtly ; civil ; polite and attentive to la- &J-J3; courteous. GAL-i-ANT, w. 1. A gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash- ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to la- dies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties or to places of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. — 4. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd purposes. 3AL-LANT, v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady.- 2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner. GAL-LANT'ED.#p. Attended or waited on, as a lady. GAL-LANTING, ppr. Waited on by a gentleman. ^at/laNT-LY, adv. 1. Gayly ; splendidly. 2. Bravely ; nobly ; heroically ; generously. (3AL-LANTLY, adv. In the manner of a wooer. GAL'LANT-NESS, n. Elegance or completeness of an ac- quh-ed qualification. — Howell. "iAL'LANT-RY, n. [fin. galauteria; Yr.gala7it.crie.] 1. Spier. dor of appearance ; show ; magnificence ; ostentatious finery : [obs.] 2. Bravery ; cou.rageousjiess ; heroism ; in- trepidity ; boldness; daring; courage. 3. Nobleness; gen- "7" DOVE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as" erosity. 4. Civility or polite artenaons to ladies. 5. V- •cious love or pretensions to love ; civilities paid to female* for the purpose of winning favors ; hence, lewdness • d-i bauchery. GAL'LATE, n. A salt formed by the gallic acid conv.aaet with a base. — Lavoisier. GAL'LE-ASS. Sec Galliass. GALLED, pp. Having the skin or surface worn or torn by wearing or rubbing ; fretted ; teased ; injured ; vexed. GAL'LE-ON, n. [Sp. galeon.] A large ship with three c* four decks, formerly used by the Spaniards to transpor gold and silver from Mexico and Peru to Spain. GAL'LER-Y, n. [Fr. galerie.] 1. In architecture, a covered part of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an am bulatbry or place for walking. 2. An ornamental walk oi apartment in gardens, formed by trees. — 3. In churches, 2 floor elevated on columns, and furnished with pews 01 seats. A similar structure in a play-house. — i. In fortifica- tion, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, made of beams covered with planks and loaded with earth. — 5. la a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the mine carried under ground. — 6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony. — 7. In the fine arts, a term applied to a collection of works in painting or sculpture. — Brande. GAL'LE-TYLE, n. Gallipot.— Bacon. GAL'LEY, n. ; pi. Galleys. [Sp. galera.] 1. A low, flat- built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars ; formerly used in the Mediterranean, and rowed by prisoners or convicts. 2. A place of toil and misery. 3. A light, open boat, used on the River Thames by custom- house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure. 4. The cook- room or kitchen of a ship of war. 5. An oblong reverber- atory furnace, with a row of retorts. GAL'LEY, )n. In printing, a frame which receives the GAL'LY, 5 types from the composing stick. — Ash. GAL'LEY-FOIST, 71. A barge of state.— Hakeiocll. GAL'LEY-SLaVE, 71. A person condemned for a crime to work at the oar on board of a galley. t GAL'LIARD (gal'yard), a. [Fr. gaillard.] Gay brisk : act- ive. — Chaucer. t GAL'LIARD, 71. A brisk, gay man; also, a lively dance — Bacon. Sec Gailliarde. t GAL'LIARD-iSE, n. Merriment ; excessive gayety t GAL'LIARD-NESS, n. Gayety.— Gay ton. GAL 'LI-ASS, 72. A heavy, low-built vessel with two masts, and having both sails and oars. — Shale. GAL'LLG, a. [Gallia.] Pertaining to Gaul or France. GAL'LIC, a. [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples ; derived from galls ; as, gallic acid. GAL'LI€-AN, a. [L. Gallicus.] Pertaining to Gaul or France, GAL'LI-CISM, 7i. [Fr. Gallicis?ne.] A mode of speech pe- culiar to the French nation ; a French idiom. GAL'LI-ClZE, v. t. To render conformable to the French idiom or language. GAL-LI-GASKINS, 72. pi. [qu. Caliga Vasconum.] Large open hose ; [used only hi ludicrous la?i,guagc.'\ GAL-LI-Ma'TIA, 72. Nonsense ; talk without meaning. GAL-LI-MAU'FRY, ?2. [Fr. galimafrcc.] 1. A hash; a dish consisting of difl'erent meats ; a hodge-podge ; [little used.} 2 Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley. 3. A woman ; [obs.] GAL-LI-Na'CEOUS (gal-le-na'shus), a. [L.gallinaceus.] Des- ignating that order of birds called gallin The movement or pace of a quadruped, par- tic darly i-ca horse, by springs, reaches, or leaps. GAL-LOP-XDE', n. A "kind of dance; and also a land of music appropriate to the dance. GAL'LOP-ER, n. 1. A horse that gallops : also, a man that gallops or makes haste. — 2. In artillery, a carriage on which very small guns are conveyed. — Brande. fGAL'LO-PIN, n. [Fr.] A servant for the kitchen. GAL'LOP-ING, ppr. or a. Riding or moving with a gallop. fGAL'LoW^ v. t. [Sax. agcelwan.] To fright or terrify. GAL'LO-WaY, n. A horse, or species of horses, of a small size, originally bred in Galloway, in Scotland. GAL'LoW-GLaSS, n. An ancient Irish foot soldier. GAL'LOWS, n. ; pi. Gallowses. [Sax. galg, gealga.] 1. An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are exe- cuted by hanging. 2. A wretch that deserves the gallows. ~-Shak. ; [not used.] — 3. In the plural, a pair of pantaloon suspenders : [colloquial] GAL'LoWS-FREE, a. Free from danger of the gallows. — Dryden. GAL'LOW-TREE, n. The tree of execution.— Spenser. GALLS, n. pi. Wounds or excoriations produced by the friction of harness. GALL'Y, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. — Cranmer. GAT/LY, n. [Port, gale.] A printer's frame to receive types from the composing-stick. See Galley. GAL'LY-WORM, n. An insect of the centiped kind. GA-LoCHE', n. [Fr., from Sp. galocha.] A patten, clog, or wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe, to keep the foot dry. It is written, also, galoshe. GA-LoRE', n. [Ir. gleire.] In old loriters, plenty ; abundance. Still used by seamen. — Smart. \ GAL'SoME (gawl'sum), a. Angry ; malignant. GALT, n. A stiff, blue marl of the chalk formation. GAL-VANTG, a. Pertaining to galvanism ; containing or ex- hibiting it. GAL'VAN-ISM, n. [from Galvani, of Bologna, the discover- er.] Electrical phenomena, in which the electricity is de- veloped without the aid of friction, and in which a chemical action takes place between certain bodies. — Edin. Encyc. GAL'VAN-IST, n. One versed in galvanism. GAL'VAN-lZE. v. t. To affect with galvanism. GAL'VAN-lZi?D, pp. or a. Affected with galvanism. GAL'VAN-IZ£D I-RON. A name given to sheets of iron which are first dipped into melted zinc, and then into melted tin, and are thus prepared, by the supposed gal- vanic agency of these metals, to resist oxydation. GAL'VAN-lZ-ING. ppr. Affecting with galvanism. GAL-VAN-OL'0-6IST, n. One who describes the phenom- ena of galvanism. GAL-VAN-OL'0-6Y, n. A treatise on galvanism, or a de- scription of its phenomena. GAL-VAN-OM'E-TER, > n. An instrument for measuring GAL-VAN'0-S€OPE, 5 the force or detecting the pres- ence of minute quantities of galvanic electricity. Ga'MA-GRaSS, n. A tall, stout, and exceedingly produc- tive grass, said to admit of being cut six times in a season. — Farm. Encyc. ^A-MASH'ES, n. pi Short spatterdashes, similar to gaiters. GAM-Ba'DoES, n. pi. Leather coverings for the legs in rid- ing on horseback. GAM'BET, n. An Arctic bird of the size of the greenshank. GAMTJT, a. In chess, a term applied to a game begun by moving the king's or queen's pawn two squares, with the intention of moving the adjoining bishop's pawn two squares also, thus leaving the first moved, or gambit pawn, undefended. — Smart. GAM'BI-SON, 7i. [Fr.] A stuffed doublet, worn under armor. GAM'BLE (ganrhl), v. i. To play or game for money. GAM'BLE, v. t. To gamble away, is to squander by gaming. — Ames. GAM'BL.ED, pret. of gamble. GAM'BLER, n. One who games or plays for money or oth- er stake. GAM'BLING, ppr. Gaming for money. GAM'BLING, n. The act or practice' of gaming for money. GAM-B06E', n. A concrete vegetable juice, or inspissated sap, brought from Cambodja, or Cambodia, in Asia, much used as a yellow pigment. GAM-Bo'6I-AN, a. Pertaining to gamboge. GAM'BOL, v. i. [Fr. gambiller.] 1. To dance and skip about in sport ; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frolic. 2. To leap ; to start. GAM'BOL, n. A skipping or leaping about in frolic ; a skip ; a hop ; a leap ; a sportive prank. GAMT>OL-ING, ppr. Leaping ; frisking ; playing pranks. GAM'BREL, n. [It. gamba.] 1. The hind leg of a horse. Hence, 2. A stick crooked like a horse's leg, used by butch- ers. A curb roof is called a gambrel-roof. tAM'BREL, v. t. To tie by the leg. — Beaumont and Fletcher. GaME, n. [Ice. gaman ; Sax. gamen.] 1. Sport of any kind ; diversion ; amusement ; pastime. 2. Jest ; opposed to earnest; [not used.] 3. An exercise or play for amuse- ment or winning a stake. 4. A single match at play. 5 Advantage in play ; as, to play the game into another's hand. 6. Scheme pursued ; measures planned. 7. Field sports; the chase, falconry, > V /. .JO!/* GAR 441 GAR GAN'GLI-UN-A-RY, a. Composed of ganglions. GAIS'GLI-ON'IG; a. Pertaining tJ a ganglion; as, the gan- glionic nerves.— Prout. GAN"GRE-NaTE, v. t. To produce a gangrene. GAN"GRE-Na-TED, pp. Mortified. G AN"GRE-N a-TING, ppr. Mortifying. GAN"GRENE, n. [Fr. ; L. gangrama.] A mortification of living flesh, or of some part of a living animal body. GAN'GRENE (gang'green), v. t. To mortify. GAN"GRENE, v. i. To become mortified. GAN'GRkNED, pp. Mortified. GAN"CRE-NES'CENT, a. Tending to mortification. GaN'GRkN-ING, ppr. Mortifying. GAN"GRE-NOUS, a. Mortified ; indicating mortification of living flesh. GANGUE (gang), n. [Ger. gang, a vein.] The mineral sub- stance which incloses any metallic ore in the vein. — Ure. [Gang would, etymologically, be the more correct spell- >?■] GANG'WaY, n. 1. A passage, way, or avenue into or out of any inclosed place. 2. The part of a vessel on the spar- deck, forming a passage along each side, from the quarter- deck to the forecastle ; more properly called the waist. — To bring to the gangway, among seamen, to inflict punish- ment on a seaman by tying him up and whipping him in tke waist or at the gangway, the usual place of punish- ment. — Totten. GAN'IL, n. A kind of brittle limestone. — Kirwan. GAN'NET, n. [Sax. ganot.] The soian goose, a northern Bea-fowl, allied to the pelican, and belonging to the same genus with the booby. Ga'NOID, \a. Pertaining to the order of fishes called GA-NOID'I-AN, j ganoidians. GA-NOID'I-ANS, n. pi. [Gr. yavos and eiSoS.) An order of fishes having angular scales, covered with bright enamel, as the sturgeon.— Agassiz. GANT'LET, In. Originally, a kind of military punish- GANT'LOPE, i ment. It consisted in compelling a person to run, usually with the upper part of his body naked, be- tween two lines of persons armed with rods or some oth- er instrument of punishment, who inflicted blows as he passed. A similar punishment is used on board of ships. This word is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gant- let or gantlope. GAN'ZA, n. [Sp. ganso.] A kind of wild goose. GAOL (jale), n. [Fr. gedle ; Arm. geol, or jol ; W. geol] A prison ; a place for the confinement of debtors and crim- inals. 6aOL ( iale), v. t. To imprison ; to confine in prison. GaOL-DE-LIV'ER-Y (jale-de-liv'er-y), n. A judicial pro- cess for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemna- tion or acquittal. GlOL'ER (jaler), n. The keeper of a gaol or prisoner ; a jailer. GAP, n. 1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or parting ; a cleft or break. 2. A breach. 3. Any avenue or passage ; way of entrance or departui'e. 4. A breach ; a defect; a flaw; as, a gap in honor or reputation. 5. Any opening, interstice, or vacuity. 6. A hiatus ; a chasm. — To stop a gap, to secure a weak point ; to repair a de- fect. — To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the pro- tection of something. GAP'-TOOTHED, a. Having interstices between the teeth. — Dryden. GaPE, v. i. (pro. gape to a limited extent in Eng.) [Sax. feapan.] 1. To open the mouth wide, from sleepiness, rowsiness, or dullness ; to yawn. 2. To open the mouth for food, as young birds. — 3. To gape for or after, to desire earnestly ; to crave ; to look and long for. — To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct. 4. To open in fissures or crevices. 5. To have a hiatus. 6. To open the mouth in wonder or surprise ; to stare or gaze with astonishment. 7. To utter sound with open throat. 8. To open the mouth with hope or expectation. 9. To open the mouth with a desire to injure or devour. GaPE, ?i. 1. A gaping. — 2. In zoology, the width of the mouth when opened, as of a bird, fish, &c. — The gapes, a disease of young poultry, attended with nrnch gaping. t?-AP'ER, n. 1. One who gapes ; a yawner. 2. One who opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly. 3. One who longs or craves. 4. A fish with six or seven bands, *nd tail undivided. RAPING, ppr. or a. Opening the mouth wide from sleepi- ness, dullness, wonder, or admiration ; yawning ; opening in fissures ; craving. GaR, v. t. To cause or make. — Spenser. *SXR. 1. In Saxon, a dart, a weapon ; as in Edgar, or Ead- gar, a happy weapon ; Ethelgar, noble weapon. 2. Sev- eral kinds offish are known by this name. ^.AR'A-GaY, n. A rapacious bird of Mexico. GAR'AN-CINE, n. An extract of madder by means of sul- phuric acid, prepared in France. — Ure. fiRB, n. [Fr. gar be.] 1. Dress; clothes; habit. 2. Fash- ion or mode of dress. 3. Exterior appearance ; lo'of.4,— Shak. 4. [Sp. garba.] In heraldry, a sheaf oi man. GAR'BAGE, n. The bowels of an animal ; refuse parti flesh ; offal. — Dryden. GaR'BAoED, a. Stripped of the bowels. — Slierwood. GaRBED, a. Dressed ; habited. GAR'BEL, n. The plank next the keel of a ship. See Gar BOARD-STREAK. GaR'BISH, v. t. To exenterate.— Barret. GaR'BISH, n. Corrupted from garbage. — Mortimer. GARBLE, v. t. [Sp. garbillar.] Originally, to separate the fine or valuable parts of a substance from the useles parts. — In present usage, to pick out or separate such parts from a whole as may serve a purpose ■, as, to garble a quotation. GARBLED, pp. or a. Sifted; bolted; separated; culled out to serve a purpose ; as, a garbled quotation. GiR'BLER, n. 1. One who garbles, sifts, or separates. 2. One who picks out or selects to serve a purpose, as in making quotations. GARBLES (-biz), n. pi. The dust, soil, or filth severed from good spices, drugs, &c. — Cyc. GiR'BLING, ppr. Sifting ; separating ; sorting ; culling. GXR'BoARD, n. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first plank fastened on the keel on the outside. — Garboard- streak, in a ship, is the first range or streak of planks laid on a ship's bottom, next the keel. t GaR'BOIL, n. [Old Fr. garbouil; It. garbuglio.] Tumult uproar. GaRD. See Guard and Ward. GAR'D EN, n. [G. garten; W. garth; It. giardino ; Sp., Fr. jardin.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cultiva- tion of herbs, or plants, fruits, and flowers. 2. A rich, well- cultivated spot or tract of country ; a delightful spot. GARDEN, a. Pertaining to or produced hi a garden. GARDEN, v. i. To lay out and to cultivate a garden. GAR'D EN-MoLD, n. Mold fit for a garden. — Mortimer. GAR'D EN-PLOT, n. The plot or plantation of a garden.— Milton. GaR'D EN-STUFF, n. Plants growing in a garden ; vegeta- bles for the table. [Colloquial.] GaR'D EN-TIL'LAgE, n. Tillage used in cultivating gar- dens. t GaR'D EN-WaRE, n. The produce of gardens. GARDENED, pp. Dressed and cultivated as a garden. GaR'D EN-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend, and dress a garden. GaR'D EN-ING, ppr. Cultivating or tilling a garden. GIR'D EN-ING, n. The act of laying out and cultivating gardens ; horticulture. — Encyc. GaR'D EN-LESS, a. Destitute of a garden.— Shelley. GaR'D ON, n. A fish of the roach kind. GaRE, n. Coarse wool growing on the legs of sheep. GAR'FISH, ) n. A marine fish. — In America, the name of GaR, 5 several fishes with long, pointed, bony snouts — Haldeman. . GAR'GA-RISM, n. [L. gargarismus.~\ A gargle ; any liquid ])reparation xised to wash the mouth and throat. GaPi/GA-RIZE, v. t. [Fr. gargariser.} To wash or rinse the mouth with any medicated liquor. GaR'GEJ 1 , 11. A disease in the udders of cows; also in hogs. GAR'GIL, n. A distemper in the heads of geese. — Encyc. GAR'GLE, v. t. [Fr. gargouiller.] 1. To wash the throat and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air. 2. To warble ; to play in the throat ; [not usual.] GaR'GLE, n. Any liquid preparation for washing the mouth and throat. — Wiseman. GARGLED, pp. Washed, as the throat. GaR'GLING, ppr. Washing, as the throat. GAR'GLING, n. The act of washing the throat with a gar- gle. GARGOYLE, n. [Fr. gargouille.] The spout of a gutter in ancient buildings, frequently representing a part o*' the human figure, or some animal with the water issuing from the mouth ; [obs.] Also spelled gargle, gargyle, giirgoyU. GAR'GOL, n. A distemper in swine. — Mortimer. GARISH, a. See Gairish. GAR'LAND, n. [Fr. guirlande.] 1. A wreath or chaplet made of branches or flowers. 2. An ornament of flowers, fruits, and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the gates of temples. 3. The top ; the principal thing. — Shak. 4. A collection of little printed pieces. Percy. — 5. In ships. a sort of bag of net-work used by sailors to keep provi sions in. GaR'LAND, v. t. To deck with a garland.— Ben Jonson. GAR'LAND-ED, pp. Adorned with a garland. GAR'LAND-ING, ppr. Decking with a garland. GaR'LAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a garland. GaR'LIC, n. [Sax. garlec or garlcac] A plant of the genus allium, having a bulbous root and strong smelL GaR'LI€-eAT-ER, h. A low fellow.— Shak. D6VE ;— BJJLL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"C10US.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this * Obsolete GAS 442 GAT G'ATiTAfi t*E ' B -b itEE, n. A tree in Jamaica, the cratcra. Giiil'U^-Y, . Liike or containing garlic. GAR'Ml NT, n. !Norm. garnament.] Any article of cloth- ing, a? a ojat- a gown, &c. — Garments, in the plural, de- votris c'otliin^ in general; dress. GAR/NER «. [F.grenier.] A granary ; a building or place inhere grain is stored for preservation. Ga RNKR, v. t. To store in a granary. — SJiak. '}'A R'TVLR.ED, pp Deposited in a garner. Ga R'NER-ING, ppr. Storing in a garner. GXR'NET, n. [It. granato; Fr. grenat.] 1. A common min- eral, usually occurring in symmetrical, twelve-sided crys- tals of a deep-red color. It consists principally of silica, alumina, and lime. When transparent, it is used as a gem. Dana. — 2. In ships^ a sort of tackle fixed to the main-stay. GARNISH, v. t. [Fr. garnir.] 1. To adorn ; to decorate with appendages ; to set off. — 2. In cookery, to embellish with something laid round a dish. 3. To fit with fetters ; [a cant term.] 4. To furnish ; to supply. — 5. In law, to warn ; to give notice. See Garnishee. GaR'NISH, n. 1. Ornament; something added for embel- lishment ; decoration. — 2. In cookery, something round a dish as an embellishment. — 3. In jails, fetters ; [a cant term.] — 4. Pensiuncula carceraria, entrance money de- manded by the old prisoners of one just committed to jail.- -Grose. , GaR'N1SH£D (garinisht), pp. 1. Adorned ; decorated ; em- bellished. 2. Furnished 3. Warned ; notified. GaR-NISH-EE', n. In law, one in whose hands the property of an absconding or absent debtor is attached. — Bouvier. GaR'NISH-ER, 7i. One who decorates. — Shericood. GaR'NISH-ING, ppr. Adorning; decorating; warning. GaR'NISH-ING, n. That which garnishes ; ornament. GaR'NISH-MENT, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment. 2. Warning ; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an ab- sconding debtor to appear in court. 3. A fee. GaR'NI-TURE, n. Ornamental appendages ; embellish- ment ; furniture ; dress. — Addison. — Bcaiiie. Ga'ROUS, a. [L. garum.] Pertaining to garum ; resembling pickle made offish. — Broic?i. GAR'RAN, )n. [Ir. garran.] A small horse; a highland GAR'RON. 5 horse ; a hack; a jade ; a galloway. — Temple. GAR'RET. n. [Scot, garret.] 1. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof. 2. Rotten wood ; [obs.] GARRET-ED, a. Protected by turrets.— Carcw. GAR.-RET-EER', n. An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor author. GAR'RI-SON (garre-sn), n. [Fr. garnison.] 1. A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. 2. A fort, castle, or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend it. 3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its defense. — Spenser. 4. It is sometimes synonymous with winter-quarters. GAR/RI-SON, v. t. 1. To place troops in a fortress for its defense ; to furnish with soldiers. 2. To secure or de- fend by fortresses manned with troops. GAR'RI-SON-ED, pp. Furnished with troops in a fort for defense. GART, I-S ON-ING, ppr. Furnishing with troops in a fortress for defense. GAR-ROTE', n. A punishment in Spain by strangling the condemned with an iron collar which is tightened by a screw.— Brande. GAR-RfJ'LI-TY, n, [L. garrulitas.] Talkativeness ; loquaci- ty ; the practice or habit of talking much ; a babbling or tattlfha:. GARRU-LOUS, a. Talkative; prating.— Thomson. GAR'RU-LOUS-LY, adv. In a talkative manner. GaR'TER, n. \Fr.jarrctiere.] 1. A string or band used to tie a stocking to the leg. 2. The badge of the highest order of knighthood in "Great Britain, called the order of the garter, instituted by Edward III. Hence, the order it- self. 3. The principal king at arms. 4. A term in her- aldry, signifying the half of a bend. GARTER, v. t. I. To bind with a garter. 2. To invest with the order of the carter. — Warton. GXR'TER-FISJI. n. A "species of fish having a long body. GaRTER-SN aKE, n. The striped snake, a common Amer- ican serpent, not poisonous. — Encyc. Amer. GaR'TF.RjED, pp. Bound with a sarter. GaR'TER-ING. ppr. Tying with a garter. GARTH, rt. [W. garz.] 1. A dam or wear for catching fish. 2. A close ; a little backside ; a yard ; a croft ; a gar- den ; [obs.] GIBUM, n. [L.] A sauce, much prized by the ancients, made of the pickled gills or other preparations offish. CAS, n. [Sax. gast ; G.geist; D. geest.] In chemistry, a per- manently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substnnoo reduced to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combina- tion with caloric. ^AS'-W6RKS (-wurks), n. pi. A place where gas is gener- ated for lighting cities. S/ . Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— A, £, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY GAS'GON, ». A native of Gascon, in France. GAS-CON- aDE', n. [Fr., from Gascon, an inhabitant of Gas cony,- the people of which are noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting ; a vaunt; a bravado ; a bragging. — Swift: G AS-CON-1DE', v. i. To boast ; to brag ; to vaunt ; to bluster GAS-CON- aD'ER, n. A great boaster. GAS'E-OUS, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid GASH, n. A deep and long cut ; an incision of considerable length, particularly in flesh. — Milton. GASH, v. t. To make a gash, or long, deep incision ; to cut. GASH£D (gasht), pp. Cut with a long, deep incision. GASH'FUL, a. Full of gashes ; hideous. GASHING, ppr. Cutting long, deep incisions. GAS'HoLD-ER, n. A vessel for containing and preserving gas ; a gasometer. — Ure. GAS-I-FI-C1TION, n. The act or process of converting into gas. GAS'I-FLED, pp. Converted into an aeziform flu d. GAS'I-FY, v. t. [gas and L. facio.] To convert into gas or an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric. GAS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into gas. GAS'KET, n. [Sp. caxeta.] A flat platted cord fastened to the sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to the yard. Also, the platted hemp used for packing the piston of the steam-engine and its pumps. — Brande. GAS'KINS, n. pi Galligaskins; wide, open hose. — Shah. See Galligaskins. GAS'LiGHT (-lite), n. Light produced by the combustion of carbureted hydrogen gas. GAS'ME-TER, n. [gas and meter.] A machine attached to gas-works and pipes, to show the quantity used. — Haldo man. GAS-OM'E-TER, n. [gas, and Gr. perpov.] In chemistry, an instrument or apparatus intended to measure, collect, pro- serve, or mix different gases. GAS-OM'E-TRY, n. The science, art, or practice of meas- uring gases. — Coze. GaSP, v. i. [Sw. gispa.} 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particu- larly in dying. 2. To long for ; [obs.] GaSP, v. t. To emit breath by opening wide the month GaSP, n. 1. The act of opening the mouth to catch the breath. 2. The short catch of the breath in the agonies of death. GASPED (gaspf),#p. of gasp. GaSPTNG, ppr. or a. Opening the mouth to eatch the breath. GaSP'ING, 7?. 1. The opening of the mouth to catch breath. — 2. Figuratively, strong aspiration or desire. GAS'SY, a. 1. Full of gas. Hence, 2. Inflated; exhilarated-, [colloqidal.] tGAST ) f Ga^T'FR \ v - t ' To make aghast; to frighten —S/ifl/c. t GAST'NESS, n. Amazement; fright— Shak. GASTRIC, a. [Gr. yaarnp.] Belonging to the belly, or, rather, to the stomach. — The gastric juice, or liquor, is & fluid produced by a peculiar set of secretaries in the mu- cous membrane of the stomach. It is one of the agents in digestion. GAS-TRIL'O-QUIST, n. [Gr. yaarnp, and L. loquor.] One who speaks from his belly or stomach ; hence, one who so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another person or place ; a ventriloquist. GAS-TRIL'0-O.UY, n. A speaking that appears to proceed from the belly. GAS-TRlTIS, n. Chronic inflammation of the stomach. GASTRO-CeLE, n. [Gr. yaarnp and Kn\n.] A hernia of the stomach. GAS-TROL'O-GY, n. A treatise on the stomach. GASTRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yaorvp and aavrzw'.] 1. A kind of divination among the ancients by means of words seem- ing to be littered from the belly. 2. Also, a kind of divina- tion by glasses, or other round, transparent vessels, in which figures appear by magic. — Brande. g\s"tp!a0N'O-mist \ n ' < ? ne wl10 ^ kea g00( * u_vin s; an GAS'TRO-NoME, ') e P lcure - GAS-TPO-NOM'IC, a. Pertaining to gastronomy. GAS-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaarpwv.] The art oi science o? good eating. GASTRO-POD, 77, [Gr. yarrnp and noSa.) An animal which moves by a fleshy apparatus under the belly, nr has th» belly and foot joined, as slugs or naked snails. — Bell. GAS-TROP'OD-OUS, a. Having the belly and foot joined. GAS-TROR'A-PHY, n. [Gr. yaarnp and p:upn.] The opera- tion of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. GAS-TROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaarnp and ri/xvu).] The c pera- tion of cutting into or opening the abdomen. GAT, pret. of get. GaTE, 77. [Sax. gate, geat.] Literally, way or goine. 1. A large door which gives entrance into a walled city, a cas. tie, a temple, palace, or other large edifice ; also, the en- trance. 2. A frame of timber, iron, &c, which opens ci marine7bird7^iove } BOO 7 /"" GAU 443 AZ closes a passage into any inclosure ; also, the passage. 3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water through a dam, lock, &c. 4. An avenue ; an opening ; a way. GITED, a. Having gates.— Young. GITE'LESS, a. Having no gate. GITE'VEIN (-vane), n. The vena porta, a large vein which conveys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the liver. — Bacon. GaTEWaY, n. 1. A way through the gate of some in- closure. 2. The gate or entrance itself. GATHER, v. t. [Sax. gaderian or gatherian.] 1. To bring together ; to collect. 2. To get in harvest ; to reap or cut and bring into barns or stores. 3. To pick up ; to glean ; to get in small parcels and bring together, as stones from a field. 4. To pluck ; to collect by cropping, picking, or plucking, as fruit. 5. To assemble ; to congregate ; to bring persons into one place ; to muster. 6. To collect in abundance ; to accumulate ; to amass. 7. To select and take ; to separate from others and bring together. 8. To sweep together. 9. To bring into one body or interest. 10. To draw together from a state of expansion or diffu- sion ; to contract. 11. To gain, as ground.— Dryden. 12. To pucker ; to plait. 13. To deduce by inference ; to collect or learn by reasoning. 14. To coil, as a serpent. — To gather breath, to have respite. — Spenser : [obs.] GATHER, v. i. 1. T« collect ; to unite ; to increase ; to be condensed. 2. To increase ; to grow larger by accretion of like matter. 3. To assemble. 4. To generate pus or matter. See Gathering. GATHER, n. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing. GATHER- A-BLE. a. That may be collected ; that may be deduced. — Godwin. [ Unusual.] GATHERED, pp. or a. Collected ; assembled ; contracted ; plaited ; drawn by inference. LxATHER-ER, n. One who gathers or collects ; one who gets in a crop. GATHER-ING, ppr. or a. Collecting ; assembling ; draw- ing together ; plaiting ; wrinkling. GATHER-ING, n. 1. The act of collecting or assembling. 2. Collection ; a crowd ; an assembly. 3. Charitable con- tribution. 4. A tumor suppurated or maturated ; a col- lection of pus ; an abscess. GATTER-TREE, n. A species of cornus, or cornelian cherry. — Farn. of Plants. f GAT-TOOTH£D, a. Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth ; lustful. — Cliaucer. tGAUD, v. i. [L. gaudeo.] To exult; to rejoice. t GAUD, n. [L. gaudium.] An ornament; something worn for adorning the person ; a fine thing. f GAUD'ED, a. Adorned with trinkets ; colored. — Shak. GAUD'ER-Y, n. Finery ; fine things ; ornaments. GAUD'FUL, a. Joyful ; showy. GAUD'I-LY, adv. Showily; with ostentation of fine dress. GAUD'I-NESS, n. Showiness ; tinsel appearance ; ostenta- tious finery. — Whitlock. GAUD'LESS, a. Destitute of ornament. GAUD'Y, a. 1. Showy j splendid ; gay. 2. Ostentatiously tine ; gay beyond the simplicity of nature or good taste. GAUD'Y, n. A feast or festival — Cheyne. [A word in the university.'] GAUF'FER-ING, n. A mode of plaiting or fluting frills, Pertaining to a genus or kind ; compre- hending the genus. GE-NER'I€-AL-LY, adv. With regard to genus. GE-NER'IG-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being generic. aEN-ER-OS'ITY, n. [Fr. generosite.] 1. The quality of being generous ; liberality in principle ; a disposition to give liberally or to bestow favors ; a quality of the heart or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony. 2. Liberality in act ; bounty. 3. Nobleness of soul ; magnanimity ; [little tised.] OEN'ER-OUS, a. [L.generosus.] 1. Primarily, being of hon- orable birth or origin ; hence, noble ; honorable ; mag- nanimous. — Addison. 2. Liberal ; bountiful ; munificent ; beneficent ; bounteous ; free to give. 3. Strong ; full of spirit, as wine. — Boyle. 4. Full ; overflowing ; abundant. 5. Sprightly ; courageous ; as, a generous horse. 6EN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Honorably ; not meanly. 2. Nobly; magnanimously. 3. Liberally; munificently. 6EN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being generous ; magnanimity; nobleness of mind. 2. Liberality ; munifi- cence ; generosity. JEN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. yevems-] 1. The act of producing. 2. The first book of the Sacred Scriptures of the Old Testa- ment. — 3. In geometry, the formation of a line, plane, or solid, by the motion of a point, fine, or surface. GEN'ET, n. [Fr.] 1. A small-sized, well-proportioned Span- ish horse. 2. An animal allied to the civet, and resembling the polecat in appearance. GE-NET, \n. A name given to cat-skins when made into AE-NETTE', 3 muffs and tippets, as if they were skins of the genet. — Booth. SE-NETH'LI-AG, n. A birth-day poem.— Brande. GE-NETH'IJ-AC, la. [Gr. yevE6\taKoS.\ Pertaining to 6EN-ETII-LlA€-AL, 5 nativities as calculated by astrolo- gers ; showing the position of the stars at the birth of any person [Little used.] GE-NETH'LI-ACS, n. The science of calculating nacMiiea, or predicting the future events of life, from the siarg which preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.] GE-NETH-LI-ATTC, n. He who calculates nativities.- - Drummond. [Little used.] GE-NETIC, a. | Gr. yeveais-] Pertaining to the origin of * thing, or its mode of production. GE-Ne'VA, n. [Fr. genevre, or genievre.] A spirit distilled from grain or malt, with the addition of juniper berries, or often of oil of turpentine. The word is usually con- tracted and pronounced gin. GE-Ne'VA BrBLE, n. The whole English Bible printed at Geneva, first in 1560. gE-Ne'VAN, a. 1. Pertaining to Geneva. 2. n. An inhabi- tant of Geneva. GE-Ne'VAN-ISM, n. [Geneva.] Calvinism. GEN-E-VeSE', 7i., sing, or pi. People of Geneva GEN-E-VOIS' (zhen-e-vwa'), n. pi. People of Geneva. GE'NI-AL, a. [L. genialis.] 1. Contributing to propagation or production ; that causes to produce. 2. Gay ; merry 3. Enlivening ; contributing to fife and cheerfulness ; sup porting life. 4. Native ; natural ; [not usual.] GE'NI-AL-LY, adv. 1. By genius or nature ; naturally ■ [little used.] 2. Gayly ; cheerfully. GE-NI-AL'I-TY, n. Gayety ; cheerfulness. GE'NI-AL-NESS, 7i. The quality of being genial. gE-NICU-LaTE, v. t. [L. geniculo.] To joint or knot — Cockeram. GE-NICU-LATE, 7a. [L. geniculatus.] Kneed; knee- GE-NI€'U-La-TED, J jointed; having joints like the knea a little bent. GE-NICU-La-TING, ppr. Knotting; jointing. gE-NI€-U-La'TION, 7i. Knottiness ; the state of having knots or joints like a knee. — Johnson. tGE'NlE (je'ne), n. [Old Fr. genie.] Disposition; inclina- Jion ; turn of mind. GE'NI-I, n. pi. [L.] A sort of imaginary intermediate beings between men and angels ; some good and some bad. GE'NI-O, 7i. [It, L. genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind. — Tattler. GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. genitalis.] Pertaining to generation or the act of begetting. GEN'I-TALS, n. pi. The parts of an animal which are tha immediate instruments of generation. GEN'I-TING, n. [Fr. janeton.] A species of apple that ripens very early. GEN'I-TiVE, a. or n. [L. genitivus.] In grammar, a term applied to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing primarily the tiling from which something else proceeds. GEN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates ; a sire ; a father. GEN'I-TURE, 7i. Generation ; procreation ; birth. GEN'IUS, ti. ; pi. Geniuses. [L.] 1. The peculiar structure of mind which is given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or bent of mind which is peculiar to every man, and which qualifies him for a particular employment a particular natural talent or aptitude of mind for a par ticular study or course of fife. 2. Strength of mind ; un- common powers of intellect ; particularly, the power of in- vention. 3. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind ; a man of superior intellectual faculties. 4. Mental powers of faculties. 5. Nature ; disposition ; peculiar character. &E'NL US, n. ; pi. Genii. [L.] A good or evil spirit or de- mon, supposed to preside over a man's destiny or life. &E'NI-US LO'Cl. [L.l The presiding divinity of a place ; and hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, aa of a college, &c. gEN-O-eSE', n. An inhabitant, or the people of Genoa, in Italy. t GENT, a. Elegant ; pretty ; gentle. — Spenser. GEN-TEEL', a. [Fr. gentil.] 1. Easy and graceful in man- ners or behavior ; having the manners of well-bred people. 2. Easy and graceful ; becoming well-bred persons ; as, genteel carriage. 3. Graceful in mien or form. 4. Ele- gantly dressed. 5. Decorous ; free from any thing low or vulgar; as, genteel comedy. Addison. — Syn. Polite ; well- bred; refined; polished; elegant; fashionable. GEN-TEEL'i . V, adv. Politely ; gracefully ; elegantly ; in the manner of well-bred people. GEN-TEELNFESS, 7i. 1. Gracefulness of manners or per- son ; elegance : politeness. 2. Qualities befitting a person of rank. GENTIAN Qen'shan), n. [L. gentiana.] The popular name of a genus of herbs of a bitter taste. The officinal gen^ tian is much used in medicine as a tonic. GEN-TIAN-EL'LA, n. A kind of blue color. GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk. GEN'TlLE, n. [L. gentilis.] In' the Scriptures, a pagan , a worshiper of false gods ; any person not a Jew or a Christian ; a heathen. GEN'TlLE, a. 1. Pertaining to pagans or heathens. 2. In grammar, denoting one's race or country; as, a gentil noun. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, WCIOUS.— -G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 5H as SH ; TH aa in this, f Obsolete' GEN 446 GEO f(VEN-TI-LESSE', it. Complaisance. — Hudibras. 6r¥$"i IL-ISH, a. Heathenish ; pagan.— Milton. £ N "1 IL-ISM. n. Heathenism ; paganism. GEN-TI-Ll'TIAL (jen-te-lish'al), ) structure of the earth ; geological. GE-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. yn, the earth, and yvuxrts, knowledge.] That part of natural history which treats of the structure of the earth. The same with geology. GE-O-GON'IO, a. Pertaining to geogony. GE-OG'O-NY, n. [Gr. yn and yovn.] The doctrine of the formation of the earth. GE-OG'RA-PHER. n. One who describes that part of this globe or earth which is exhibited upon the surface. One who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a treat- ise on the subject. GE-0-GRAPH'I€, )a. Relating to or containing a de- GE-O-GRAPHTG-AL, 5 scription of the terraqueous globe ; pertaining to geography. GE-0-GRAPHT€-AL-LY, adv. In a geographical manner. GE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. yn and ypacpu).] 1. A description of the earth and of its several countries, kingdoms, states, cities, &c. 2. A book containing a description of the earth. GE-O-LQGTG-AL, a. Pertaining to geology ; relating to the science of the earth or terraqueous globe. GE-O Lo'Gl AN ( n ' ^ ne verse d i n the science of geology. GE-OL'O-GiZE, v. i. To study geology ; to make geological investigations. GE-OL'0"gY, n. [Gr. yn and \oyog.] The science which treats of the structure and mineral constitution of the j*lobe, and of the causes of its physical features. — Dana. GE'O-MAN-CER, n. One who foretells or divines, by means of lines, figures, or points on the ground or on paper. GE'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yn and ixavrua.] A land of divina- tion by means of figures or lines. GE-0-MANTI€, a, Pertaining to geomancy. GE-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. yzuixErpns] One skilled in geome- try. See Geometrician. GE-OM'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to geometry. GE-0-MET'RIG, I a. [Gr. yecofxcrpLKos.] 1. Pertaining to GE-0-METRI€-AL, ) geometry. 2. According to the rules or principles of geometry , done by geometry. 3. Disposed according to geometry. — Geometrical ratio, is that relation between quantities which is expressed by the quotient of the one divided by the other. — Geometrical proportion, is an equality of geometrical ratios. Quantities are in geo- metrical progression when they increase by a common multiplier, or decrease by a common divisor. — J. Day. GE-0-MET'RI€-AL-LY, adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry. GE-OM-E-TRl"CIAN (je-om-e-trish'an), n. One skilled in geometry ; _a geometer. — Watts. GE-OM'E-TRlZE, v. t. To act according to the laws oi ge- ometry ; to perform geometrically. 6E-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. yeuyuerpia.] Literally, the measure- ment of the earth ; the science of magnitude in general ; the mensuration of lines, surfaces, and solids, with their various relations. GE-0-PON'I€, I a. [Gr. yn and tovo?.] Per tabling to tiil- GE-0-PON'I€-AL, $ age of the earth, or agriculture. GE-0-PON'I€S, n. The art of cultivating the earth. GE-0-Ra.'MA, n. [Gr. yn and opafjia.] An instrument which exhibits a very complete view of the earth. GEORGE (jorj), n. 1. A figure of St. George on horseback, worn by knights of the garter. 2. A brown loaf. — Drydtn. GEORGE'-No-BLE, n. A gold coin in the time of Hepry VIII., of the value of 6s. 8d. sterling. GEOR'GI€, n. [Gr. yewpywos.] A rural pcem; a poetical composition on the subject of husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, in a poetical diess. GEOR'6I€, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and rural affairs. GEOR'6I€-AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture. GEOR'GI-UM Sl'DUS, n. [L.] The name first given, ir hox^ or of George III., to the planet now called Urciifis, which see. — D. Olmsted. See Synopsis. A, K,Z, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;—KC 7 F, "B ^{)K GET 447 GHO GE-OS'€0 PY n. [Gr. yrj and ckottm.] Knowledge of the earth, obtained by inspection. GE-OTIG, a. [from Gr. yr).] Belonging to the earth ; ter- restrial. Ge'RAH, n. The twentieth part of a shekel, or nearly three GE-RI'NI-UM. n. [L.] Crane's-bill, a genus of plants, of numerous species, some of which are cultivated for their fragrance and beautiful flowers. GE'RENT, a. [L. germs.} Bearing ; used in vicegerent. GER'FAL-GON (jer'faw-kn). See Gyrfalcon. GERM,' ' n. [L. germen.] 1. In botany, the ovary, or seed-bud of a plant. 2. Origin ; first principle ; that from which any thing springs. GERMAN, a. [L. germanus.] 1. Cousins german are the sons or daughters of brothers or sisters ; first cousins. 2. Related; [obs] GERMAN, a. Belonging to Germany. GER'MAN, n. A native of Germany; and, by ellipsis, the German language. GER'MAN-SIL'VER, n. An alloy or mixture of copper, zinc, and nickel. GER-MAN'DER, n. A name given to several plants, one of which is used in Jersey, instead of hops, in making beer. GER-MAN'IC, a. Pertaining to Germany. GER'MAN-ISM, n. An idiom of the German language. \ gER-MAN'I-TY, n. Brotherhood.— Cockeram. GERMAN, n. ; pi. Germens. Now contracted to germ, which see. [The spelling germins is less accurate.] GERM'IN-AL, a. Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud. GERM'IN-ANT, a. Sprouting. gERM'IN-aTE, v. i. [L. germino.] To sprout ; to bud ; to shoot ; to begin to vegetate or grow, as seeds. gERM'IN-aTE, v. t. To cause to sprout. [ Unusual.'] GERM'IN-a-TING, ppr. Beginning to vegetate. GERM-IN-ITION, n. 1. The act of sprouting ; the first be- ginning of vegetation in a seed or plant. 2. The time in which seeds vegetate. 6E-RO-€OM'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to gerocomy. gE-ROC'O-MY, n. [Gr. yepuv and ko/^w.] That part of medicine which treats of the proper regimen for old people. GERUND, n. [L. gerundium.] In the Latin grammar, a kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a participle. GE-RUND'I-AL, a. Pertaining to or like a gerund. GES'LING, for gosling. —Hollo-way. [North of England.] 6EST, n. [L. gestum.] 1. A deed; action or achievement; [obs.] 2. Show ; representation ; [obs.] 3. [Fr. gite.] A stage in traveling ; so much of a journey as is made with- out resting ; or, properly, a rest ; a stop ; [obs.] 4. A roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in the journevs of the English kings. — Hanmer. GES-Ta'TION, n. [L. gestatw.} 1. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery ; preg- nancy. 2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments. 3. Exercise by being borne or carried, as on horseback or in a carriage ; passive exercise. GESTA-TO-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy. 2. That may be carried or worn. GES'TIC, a. 1. Pertaining to deeds ; legendary. 2. Relating to bodily motion, as in the dance. — Sir W. Scott. gE8-TI€'U-LaTE, v. i. [L. gesticultor.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking ; to use postures. gES-TIC-U-LaTE, v. t. To represent by gesture ; to act. — Ben Jonson. gES-TI€'U-La-TING, ppr. Making gesticulations. 0ES-TI€-U-LaTION, n. [L. gesticulatio.] 1. The act of making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments. 2. Gesture ; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking or representation 3. Antic tricks or motions. GES-TICU-LI-TOR, ii,. One who shows postures or makes gestures. gES-TICU-LA-TO-RY, a. Representing in gestures, f GES'TOR, n. One who related the gestes, or achievements, of distinguished personages. — Chaucer. flESTUR-AL, a. Belonging to gesture. 6ESTURE (jesfyur), n. [L. gestus.] 1. A motion of the body or limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion ; any fiction, attitude, or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce an argument or opinion. 2. Move- ment of the body or limbs. — Milton. GESTURE, v. t. To accompany with gesture or action. GESTURED, pp. Accompanied with gesture or action. QESTUR-ING, ppr. Accompanying with gesture or action. GESTURE-LESS, a. Free from gestures. GESTURF-MENT, n. Act of making gestures. GET, v. t. ; pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Sax. getan, gyian, or geatan.] 1. To gain possession of. Get differs ire in acquire, as it does not always express permanence of possession, which is the appropriate sense of acquire. 2. To have ; as, " thou hast got the face of a man." — Her- bert, [ This is a common, but gross abuse of this word.] 3. To Vgst; to procreate; to generate. 4. To learn; to con, as a lesson. 5. To prevail on ; to induce , to per suade ; [not elegant.] 6. To procure to be ; as, we couhl not get the work done ; [not elegant.] To get off. 1. To put off; to take or pull off, as a coat; also, to remove, as a stranded vessel. 2. To sell ; to dispose of. — To get on, to put on ; to draw or pull on. — To get in to collect and shelter ; to bring under cover. — To get out. 1. To draw forth ; to extort, as a secret. 2. To draw out ; to disengage. — To get the day, to win ; to conquer ; to gain the victory. — To get together, to collect; to amass. — To get over, to surmount ; to conquer ; to pass without being ob- structed. — To get above, to surmount ; to surpass. — To gel up, to prepare for coming before the public ; to bring for- ward. With a pronoun following, it signifies to betake ; to remove ; to go. — Syn. To obtain ; procure ; attain ; realize. GET, v. i. To arrive at any place or state ; followed by some modifying word. To get away or away from, to depart ; to quit ; to leave ; or to disengage one's self from. — To get among, to arrive in the midst of; to become one of a number. — To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. — To get behind, to fall in the rear ; to lag. — To get back, to arrive at the place frcm which one departed; to return. — To get clear, to disen- gage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, ob- ligation, or burden ; also, to be freed from danger or em- barrassment. — To get down, to descend ; to come from an elevation. — To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling. — To get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed body ; to pass in ; to insinuate one's self. — To get loose or free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confine- ment. — To get of, to escape ; to depart; to get clear ; also, to alight; to descend from. — To get out, to depart from an inclosed place or from confinement ; to escape ; to free one's self from embarrassment. — To get along, to proceed ; to advance. — 'To get rid of, to disengage one's self from ; also, to shift off ; to remove: — To get together, to meet ; to assemble ; to convene. — To get up, to arise ; to rise from a bed or a seat ; also, to ascend ; to climb. — To get through, to pass through and reach a point beyond any thing ; also, to finish ; to accomplish. — To get quit of, to get rid of; to shift off, or to disengage one's self from. — To get forward, to proceed ; to advance ; also, to prosper ; to' advance in wealth. — To get near, to approach within a small distance. — To get ahead, to advance ; to prosper. — To get on, to proceed; to advance. — To get a mile, or other distance, to pass over it in traveling. — To get at, to reach ; to make way to. — To get asleep, to fall asleep. — To get drunk, to be- come intoxicated. — To get between, to arrive between. — To get to, to reach ; to arrive. GETTER, n. 1. One who gets, gains, obtains, or acquires. 2. One who begets or procreates. GETTING, ppr. Obtaining ; procuring ; gaining ; winning ; begetting. GETTING, n. 1. The act of obtaining, gaining, or acquiring ; acquisition. 2. Gain ; profit. — Swift. GEWGAW, n. [qu. Sax. gc-gaf] A showy trifle ; a pretty thing of little worth ; a toy ; a bawble ; a splendid play- thing. GEWGAW, a. Sbowy without value. — Law. GEYSER, n. [Icelandic, raging or roaring.] The name of certain fountains in Iceland which spout forth boiling water. — Mantell. t GHaST'FUL, a. [See Ghastly.] Dreary ; dismal ; fit for walking ghosts. — Spenser. GHaST'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully.— Pope. GHaST'LI-NESS, 72. Horror of countenance ; a deathlike look ; resemblance of a ghost ; paleness. GHaST'LY, a. [Sax. gastlic] 1. Like a ghost in appear- ance ; deathlike ; pale ; dismal ; grim. 2. Horrible ; shock- ing ; hideous ; frightful, as wounds. t GHaST'NESS, n. " Ghastliness.— S7iak. GHAUT (gawt), n. [qu. gate ?] In the East Indies, literally, a pass through a mountain ; hence, also, a range or chain of mountains. 2. Stairs descending to a river. — Malcovi. GHEE-, n. In the East Indies, butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. GHe'BER and GHE'BRE, n. See Gueber. GHER/KIN (gur'kin), n. [G. gurke.] A small pickled cucum- ber. — Skinner. tGHESS, for guess. GHIB'EL-LSNE, n. One of a faction in Italy, in the thirteenth century, which favored the emperors and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the popes. — Brande. GHoLE, n. An imaginary demon of the East, supposed to prey on human bodies ; more properly ghoul. GHoST (gost), n. [Sax. gast ; G. geist.] 1. Spirit; the soul of man. — Shak. 2. The soul of a deceased perscn ; the soul or spirit separate from the body. — To give up the ghost, is to die ; to yield up the breath or spirit ; to expire. Scripture.— -The Holy Ghost is the tnird person in the adorable Trinity. Scriptw .—Syn Apparition ; spectre : phantom; shade. Do Vi" -BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. GIB 448 GIL tGHoST v. i. To die ; to expire.— Sidney. f-GHoST, v. t. To haunt with an apparition. — Shalt. fGHoSPLESS, a. Without spirit ; without life.— R. Clarke. GHoSTLlKE, a. "Withered; having sunken eyes ; ghastly. — -Sherwood. GHoSTLI-NESS, n. Spiritual tendency. [Little used.] GHdST'LY, a. 1. Spiritual ; relating to the soul ; not car- nal or secular. 2. Spiritual ; having a character from re- ligion. 3. Pertaining to apparitions. GHoUL (gool), n. A demon that feeds on the dead. GlAL-LO-Li'NO, n. [It. giallo.] A fine yellow pigment, much used under the name of Naples yellow. — Ure. t&IAM'BEUX (zham'bo), n. pi. [Fr. jambe.] Greaves ; ar- mor for the legs. — Spenser. I'il'ANT, n. [Fr.geant; L. gigas.] 1. A man of extraordi- nary bulk and stature. 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. — Giant's Cause- way, a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, in Ireland. aWANT, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size. fil'ANT-FEN'NEL, n. A tall herb of the genus fenula, whose stalk was formerly used as a rod to punish chil- dren. GY'ANT-KILL'ING, a. Killing or destroying giants. GI'ANT-LlKE, \ a. Of unusual size ; resembling a giant in GI'ANT-LY, 3 bulk or stature ; gigantic ; huge. [Giant- ly is not much used.] GI'ANT-ESS, n. A female giant; a female of extraordina- ry size and stature. — Shah. 4IANT-IZE, v. i. To play the giant— Sherwood. GI'ANT-RY, n. The race of giants. [Little used.] Gl' ANT-SHIP, 71. The state, quality, or character of a giant. GIAOUR (jowr), n. [Infidel.] A name given by Turks to unbelievers in their religion, and especially to Christians. f GIB, n. A cat. — Skelton. \ GIB, v. i. To act like a cat; to caterwaul. — Beaumont and Fletcher. GIB'-€AT, n. A he-cat, or an old, worn-out cat. GIB'-STIFF, n. A staff to gauge water or to push a boat ; formerly, a staff used in fighting beasts on the stage. t GIBBE. n. An old, worn-out animal. — Shah. t GIBBED, a. Having been caterwauling. — J. Bulwer. t GIB'BER, ,v. i. [See Gabble.] To speak rapidly and inar- ticulately. — Shak. GIB'BER-ISH, n. Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligi- ble lanauase ; unmeaning words. GIB'BER'-ISH. a. Unmeaning as words.— Swift. t GIB'BER-ISH, v. i. To prate idly or unintelligibly.— M on- tagu. fiTBTBET, n. [Fr. gibct.] 1. A gallows ; a post or machine in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered to remain. 2. The projecting beam of a crane, on which the pulley is fixed. — Brandc. GIB'BET, v. t. 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet 2. To hang or expose on any thing going traverse. GlBRET-ED, pp. Hanged and exposed on a gibbet. GlB'BET-ING, ppr. Hanging and exposing on a gibbet f GlBRIER, n. [Fr.] Wild fowl ; game.— Addison. GIBTSLE-GAB'BLE, n. Any rude or noisy conversation ; fustian language ; barbarous speech. — Bullokar. GIB-BoSE', a. [L. gibba.] Humped ; a term applied to a surface which presents one or more large elevations. — Brande. GLB-BOSTTY, n. [Fr. gibbosite.] Protuberance; a round or swelling prominence ; convexity. GIB'BOUS, a. [L. gibbus.] 1. Swelling; protuberant ; con- vex; applied to the shape of the moon during the week before and after the full moon. — Barlow. 2. Hunched ; hump-backed ; crook-backed. GLB'BOUS-LY, adv. In a gibbous or protuberant form. GIBTOUS-NES8, n. Protuberance ; a round prominence ; convexity. GIBBS'lTE, n. [from George Gibbs, Esq.] A mineral found it Richmond, in Massachusetts. It is a hydrate of alumina. 6fBE, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions ; to rail at ; to utter taunting, sarcastic words ; to flout; to fleer; to scoff; to sneer. 61 BE, v. t. To reproach with contemptuous words ; to de- ride ; to scoff at ; to treat with sarcastic reflections ; to taunt ; to ridicule ; to jeer ; to mock. GIBE, n. An expression of censure mingled with contempt ; sarcastic scom.— Syn. Scoff; taunt ; railing ; jeer ; sneer ; reproach; insult. GIB'EL-LINE, n. See Ghibelline. 6-TB'eR, n. One who utter3 reproachful, censorious, and contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic reflections ; one who derides ; a scoffer. ©IB'ING, ppr. Uttering reproachful, contemptuous, and cen- sorious words ; scoffing. GlBlNG-LY, adv. With censorious, sarcastic, and con- temptuous expressions ; scornfully. — Shak. 6IB'LET, a. Made of giblets ; as, a giblet pie. GlB'LETS, n.pl. Those parts of poultry which are usually ex eluded in roasting, as the head, feet, pinions, heart, gi*. zard, liver, ing sound ; to ring, as a little bell, or as small pieces of sonorous metal. 2. To utter affected or chiming sounds in periods or cadence. GlN"GLE, v. t. To shake so as to make clattering sounds U. quick succession ; to ring, as a little bell. GlN"GLE, n. 1. A shrill, clattering sound. 2. Affectation iB the sounds of periods in reading or speaking. GlN"GLi2D (jing'gld), pp. Shaken so as to ring or make a clattering sound. GIN"GLING, ppr. or a. Shaking so as to make a clattering sound. GIN"GLING, n. The act of gingling; a gingling. GIN"GLY-MOID, a. [Gr. yiyyAu^oS and eidos-} Pertaining to or resembling a ginglymus. GIN"GLY-MUS, n. [Gr. yiyyXvuoS-] In anatomy, a species of articulation resembling a hinge. GINNED, pp. Caught in a trap ; cleared of seeds, as cotton. GIN'NET, n. A nag. See Jennet. GINNING, ppr. Catching in a trap ; clearing cotton of seeds. GIN'NING, n. The operation by which cotton is separated from its seeds. — Tire. GlN'SENG, n. [this word is probably Chinese.] A plant of the genus panax, the root of which is in great demand among the Chinese. It is found in the northern parts of Asia and America, and is an article of export from Ameri- ca to China. GlP, v. t. To take out the entrails of herrings. GIP'ON. -SeeJuppoN. GlP'SY, n. 1. The Gipsies are a race of vagabonds who infest Europe, Africa, and Asia, strolling about and sub- sisting mostly by theft, robbery, and fortune-telling. The name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian. 2. A reproachful name for a dark complexion. 3. A name of slight reproach to a woman ; sometimes implying artifice or cunning. 4. The language of the Gipsies. GlP'SY, a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Gipsies. GlP'SY-ISM, n. 1. The arts and practices of Gipsies ; de- ception ; cheating ; flattery. 2. The state of a Gipsy, GlP'SlRE, n. A small bag or pouch formerly attached to . the girdle. Gl-RAFFE, n. [Ar. zariffa; Sp.girafa; It. girajfa.] The cam- elopard, an African quadruped, sometimes twenty feet high, having very long fore legs and neck. See Camelo- PARD. GIR'AN-DOLE, n. [It. girandola.] A chandelier ; a larga kind of branched candlestick. *GlR'A-SOLE, )n. [Fr., Sp. ; It. girasole.] 1. The turn- GIR'A-SOL, 3 sole, a plant of the genus heliotr opium. 2. A mineral which, when turned to the sun, reflects a reddish light. GIRD, n. [Sax. gcard,gtjrd, or gyrda.] 1. A twitch or pang , a sudden spasm. — 2. In popular language, a severe stroke of a stick or whip. GiRD, v. t. ; pret. and pp. girded, or girt. [Sax. gyrdan.] 1. To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as with a twig, a cord, bandage, or cloth. 2. To make fast by binding ; to put on : commonly with on. 3. To invest ; to surround ; as, girded with strength. 4. To clothe ; to dress ; to habit. 5. To furnish ; to equip, as with wiles. — Milton. 6. To surround; to encircle; to inclose; to en compass, as with a river. 7. To gibe ; to reproach severe ly ; to lash.— Shak. GIRD, v. i. To gibe ; to sneer ; to break a scornful jest ; to utter severe sarcasms. GtRD'ED, pp. Bound; surrounded; invested; put on. GiRD'ER, n. 1. In architecture, the principal piece of tim- ber in a floor, in which the joists are framed. — Shak. 2. A satirist GiRD'ING, ppr. Binding ■ surrounding ; investing. GIRDING, n. A covering.— 7s., iii. GtRD'LE, n. [Sax. gyrdle, gyrdl.} 1. A band or belt ; some- thing drawn round the waist of a person, and tied or buck, led. 2. Inclosure ; circumference. — Shak. 3. The zodiac 4. A round iron plate for baking. Pegge. — 5. Among jew- elers, the line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon. GtRD'LE, v. t. 1. To bind with a belt or sash ; tc gird. 2. To inclose ; to environ ; to shut in. Shak. — 3. It! America to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark and alburnum of a tree, to kill it. — Dwight. GIRD'LE-BELT, n. A belt that encircles the waist. DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— e as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SB ; TH as hi this, t Obsolete. GlV 450 GLA GiRD'LE-STEA J, n, The part of the body where the gir- dle is worn.— Mason. GtRD'LED, pp Bound with a belt or sash. GiRD'LER, 11. One who girdles ; a maker of girdles. G1RD'LING, ppr. Binding with a belt ; surrounding. GlRE, n. [L. gyrus.] A circle, or circular motion. See Gvhe. GIRL, n. [probably Low L. gerula.] 1. A female child, or young woman ; sometimes familiarly applied to any un- married woman. — 2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old. GiRL'HOOD, n. The state of a girl. GiRL'ISH, a. 1. Like a young woman or child ; befitting a girl. 2. Pertaining to the youth of a female. GiRL'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a girl. f GtRN, v. i. A corruption of grin. — South. Gl-RONDTST, n. A word denoting a celebrated political party, in the French Revolution. — Brande. GIR'RO-GK, n. A species of gar-fish, the lacertus. GiRT, pret. and pp. of gird. GiRT, v. t. To gird ; to surround. — Thomson. GIRT, } n. 1. The band or strap by which a saddle or any GiRTH, ) burden on a horse's back is made fast, by pass- ing under his belly. 2. A circular bandage. 3. The com- pass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage. GIRT'ED, pp. Girded; surrounded. GIRTH, v. t. To bind with a girth. GiRT'ING, ppr. Girding. GISE (jiz), v. t. To feed or pasture. See Agist. f GlS'LE (jizl), n. A pledge. GIST (jist, or jit. Smart and Knowles give jist, Jameson jit), n. [Fr. gesir, gite.] In laic, the main point of a ques- tion ; the point on which an action rests. GITH, n. Guinea pepper GITTERN, n. [L. cithara.] A guitar. See Guitar. GIT'TERN, v. i. To play on a gittern.— Milton. GIUSTO (jus'to). [It.] In music, in just, equal, or steady time. GIVE, v. t. ; pret. gave ; pp. given. [Sax. gifan, gyfan.] 1. To bestow; to confer; to grant or transfer without re- quiring a recompense. 2. To transmit from himself to another by hand, speech, or writing ; to deliver. 3. To impart ; to bestow. 4. To communicate, as a no- tice. 5. To pass or deliver the property of a thing to another for an equivalent ; to pay. 6. To yield ; to lend ; in the phrase to give ear. 7. To quit ; in the phrase to give place. 8. To confer ; to grant. 9. To expose ; to yield to the power of. — Dryden. 10. To grant; to allow; to per- mit. — Rowe. 11. To afford ; to supply ; to furnish. 12. To empower ; to license ; to commission. — Pope. 13. To pay or render, as thanks. 14. To render ; to pronounce, as a decision. 15. To utter ; to vent. 16. To produce ; to show ; to exhibit, as a product or result. 17. To cause to exist ; to excite in another, as pleasure or pain. 18. To send forth; to emit, as. heat. 19. To addict; to apply ; to devote one's self, followed by the reciprocal pronoun. 20. To resign; to yield: often with up. 21. To pledge, aa one's word. 22. To present for taking or acceptance, as one's hand. 23. To allow or admit by way of suppo- sition. To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to make over to another ; to transfer. — To give back, to re- turn ; to restore. — To give chase, to pursue. — To give forth, to publish ; to tell ; to report publicly. — To give tlie. hand, to yield pre-eminence, as being subordinate or inferior. — To give in, to allow by way of abatement or deduction from a claim ; to yield what may be justly demanded. — To give over. 1. To leave ; to quit ; to cease ; to abandon, as an occupation. 2. To addict ; to attach to ; to abandon ; as, to give one's self over to vice. 3. To despair of recov- ery ; to believe to be lost, or past recovery. 4. To aban- don. — To give out. 1. To utter publicly ; to report ; to proclaim ; to publish, as a story. 2. To issue ; to send forth ; to publish, as an order. 3. To show ; to exhibit in false appearance. 4. To send out ; to emit, as fragrance. —To give up. 1. To resign; to renounce; to quit; to yield as hopeless. 2. To surrender. 3. To relinquish ; to cede. 4. To abandon ; to forsake. 5. To deliver. — To give one's self up. 1. To despair of one's recovery ; to conclude to be lost. 2. To resign or devote. 3. To ad- dict ; to abandon.— To give way. 1. To yield ; to with- draw to make room for. 2. To fail : to yield to force ; to break or fall. 3. To recede; to make room for. — i. In seamen's language, give way is an order to a boat's crew to row after ceasing, or to increase their exertions. GIVE, v. i. 1. To yield to pressure. 2. To begin to melt ; to thaw ; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure. 3. To move ; to recede. To give in, to go back; to give way; [obs.]— To give into, to yield assent ; to adopt. — To give off, to cease ; to for- bear. Locke. — To give on, to rush ; to fall on ; [ bs.]—To give out. 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 2. To cease from exeition , to yield ; [applied to persons.] — To give over, to cease ; to act no more ; to desert GIVEN (giv'n), pp. or a. Bestowed ; granted ; conierreu , imparted ; admitted or supposed. GIVER,, n. One who gives ; a donor ; a bestower ; a grant- _or ; one who imparts or distributes. GIVES, n. pi. [Ir. geibhion.] Fetters or shackles for the feet. See Gyves. GIVING, ppr. Bestowing ; conferring ; imparting ; grant- ing; delivering. GIVING, n. 1. The act of conferring.— Pope. 2. An alleg- ing of what is not reaL — Shak. GIZ'ZARD, n. [Fr. gesier.] The strong, musculous stomach of a bird. Dryden.— To fret the gizzard, to harass , to vex one's self, or to be vemed.—Hudibras. t GLa/BRI-aTE, v. t. [L. glabro.] To make smooth. t GLAB'RI-TY, n. Smoothness. GLa'BROUS, a. [L. glaber.] Smooth ; having a sniface without hairs or any unevenness. GLa'CIAL (gla'shal), a. [Fr. glacial] Icy; consisting of ice ; frozen. — Glacial phenomena, those which belong to glaciers. — Glacial theory ; see Glacier theory. GLa'CLITE, v. i. To turn to ice.— Diet. GLa-CI-a'TION (gla-she-a'shun), n. The act of freezing , ice formed. — Brown. GLa'CIeR, n. [Fr. glaciere.] A field or immense mass of ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides of the Alps or other mountains. — Glacier theory, in geology, the theory of an early ice period throughout the globe, when vast masses of rock, &c, were transported on isl- ands of ice to their present localities. GLa'CIOUS (gla'shus), n. Like ice ; icy. — Brown. * GLa'CIS, n. [Fr.] 1. In building, gardening, geology , &c, an easy, insensible slope. — 2. la fortification, a sloping bank. GLAD, a. [Sax. glad, or glad.] 1. Affected with pleasure or moderate joy ; moderately happy : commonly with of; also, with at. 2. Wearing the appearance of joy. 3. Wear- ing a gay appearance ; showy ; bright. 4. Affording or imparting pleasure. 5. Expressing gladness or joy ; ex citing joy. — Sitn. Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; anima- ted; delighted; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; ex- hilarating ; pleasing ; animating. GLAD, v. t. [the pret. and pp. gladded is not used.] To make glad ; to affect with pleasure ; to cheer ; to gladden ; to ex- hilarate. t GLAD, v. i. To be glad ; to rejoice. — Massinger. GLAD'D_EN (glad'n), v. t. [Sax. gladian.] To make glad.— Syn. To cheer ; please ; exhilarate ; comfort ; animate enliven ; gratify ; delight. GLADD.EN (glad'n), v. i. To become glad; to rejoice. G'LAD'DEBEt),pp. Made glad ; cheered. GLAD'DiSN-ING, ppr. or a. Cheering ; exhilarating. GLAD'DER, n. One who makes glad, or gives joy. GLAD'DING, ppr. Making glad ; cheering ; giving joy. GLaDE, n. [Icel. Mad. Qu.] 1. An opening or passage made through a wood by lopping off the branches of the trees. Locally, in the United States, a natural opening or open place in a forest. — 2. In New England, an opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen. GLaDE, n. [D. glad.] Smooth ice. [New England.] GLA/D.EN, }n. [L. gladius.] Sword-grass; the general GLa'DER, ) name of plants that rise with a broad blade like sedge. t GLADTUL, a. Full of gladness.— Spenser. t GLAD'FUT.-NESS, n. Joy ; gladness.— Spenser. GLAD-I'A'i'K. a. [L. gladius.] Sword-shaped. * GLAD'I-A-TOR, k. [L. from gladius.] A sword-player ; a prize-fighter. The gladiators in Rome were men who fought in the arena for the entertainment of the people. GLAD-1-A-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to gladiators. GLAD'I-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to gladiators.— Bp. Partem. f GLAD'I-A-TURE, n. Sword-play ; fencing.— Gayton. GLAD'I-OLE, n. [L. gladiolus.] A plant, the sword-lily, oJ the genus gladiolus. GLAD'LY, adv. With pleasure ; joyfully. GL AD'NESS, n. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy ; pleas- ure of mind ; cheerfulness. [Gladness is rarely or ne-vsr equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, asd it usually expresses less than delight.] t GLAD'SHIP, n. State of gladnese .— Gower. GLAD'SoME (-sum), a. 1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful. 2 Causing joy ; pleasing. — Prior. GLAD'S6ME-LY, adv. With joy ; with pleasure. GLAD'S6ME-NESS, n. Joy, or moderate joy ; pleasure of mind. 2. Showin ess.— Johnson. GLAD'WIN, n. A plant of the genus iris. GL1IR, n. [Fr. glaire.] 1. The white of an egg, used as a varnish for paintings. 2. Any viscous, transparent sub- stance, resembling the white of an egg. 3. A kind of hal- berd. GLaIR, v. t. To smear with the white of an egg ; to varnish. GLaIRED, pp. Smeared with tne white of an egg. GLaIR'Y, a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities. GLaIVE. See Glave. GLa'MOUR, n. Witchery, or a charm on the eyes, making Soc Synopsis. A, E, I, . , : i . , . , .... GLaRTNG-NESS \ n ' dazzling lustre or brilliancy. GLIR'Y, a. Having a dazzling or brilliant lustre. GLASS, n. [Sax. glees ; Sw., Dan., G., and D. glas.] 1. A hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by fusing sand with fixed alkalies.— In chemistry, a substance or mixture, earthy, saline, or metallic, brought by fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, whose fracture is conchoidal. 2. A small drinking vessel of glass. 3. A mirror. 4. A vessel to be filled with sand for meas- uring time. 5. The destined time of man's life. 6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. 7. A ves- sel that shows the weight of the air. 8. A lens or optical instrument through which an object is viewed. 9. The time which a glass runs, or in which it is exhausted of sand. 10. Glasses, in the plural, spectacles. #LaSS. a. Made of glass ; vitreous ; as, a glass bottle. rlLiSto, ■». .. I. To see as in a glass; [obs.] 2. To case in glass ; [littlt used.] 3. To cover with glass; to glaze. — Beyle. [Glaze is more used.] •LXSS'-BLoW-ER, n. One whose business is to blow and fashion glass. D6VE GLXSS'-FaCED (-fast), a. By a glass -faced flatterer, in Shakspeare, is meant one who gives back in his looks b> reflection the looks of his patron. — Johnson. GLaSS'-GoACH, n. In England, a coach superior i*. a hackney-coach, hired for the day or any short period as 8 private carriage ; so called, because originally private car- riages alone had glass windows. — Smart. GLaSS'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the material** of glass are melted. — Cyc. GLaSS'-GaZTNG, a. Addicted to viewing one's self in glass or mirror ; finical. — Shak. GLXSS'-GRIND-ER, n. One whose occupation is to grint and polish glass. — Boyle. GLaSS'-HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made. GLaSS'-MET'^L (-mefl), n. Glass in fusion.— Boyle. GLaSS'-POT, n. A vessel used for melting glass. GLaSS'-W6RK (-wurk), n. Manufacture of glass. GLaSS'-WoRKS, n. pi. The place or buildings where glaaa is made. GLaSS'FUL, n. As much as a glass holds. GLaSS'1-LY, adv. In a glassy manner ; with glassiness GLXSS'I-NESS, n. The quality of being glassy or smooth ; a vitreous appearance. GLaSS'LiKE, a. Resembling glass. GLaSS'MAN, n. One who sells glass.— Swift. GLaSS'WORT, n. A plant growing in moist, salt districts, and yielding much soda, which is used in making glass. The jointed glasswort is often eaten under the name of marsh samphire. GLaSS'Y, a. 1. Made of glass ; vitreous. 2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency. — Dryden. GLAS'TON-BUR-Y-THORN' (glas'n-ber-ry-), n. A variety of the common hawthorn. — Loudon. GLAUB'ER-iTE, n. A yellowish or grayish mineral, found in salt-mines, and consisting of sulphate of soda and sul- phate of lime. GLAUB'ER'S-SALT, n. [from Glauber, the discoverer.] Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. GLAU-€o'MA, 7i. [Gr.] A disease in the eye, giving it a bluish-green color. — Brande. GLAU-Co'MA-TOUS, a. Having the nature of glaucoma.— P. Cyc. GLAU'GON-lTE, n. An argillaceous mail, sometimes con- taining a mixture of green sand. — Mantell. GLAU'GOUS, a. [L. glaucus.] 1. Of a sea-green color ; of a dull green, passing into grayish blue. — 2. In botany, cov- ered with a fine bloom, of the color of a cabbage-leaf. — Lindley. t GLIVE, n. [Fr. glaive.] A broad-sword ; a falchion. GLAV'ER, v. i. [W. glavru.] To flatter ; to wheedle.— L'Estrange. [Little used, and vulgar.] GLAV'ER-ER, n. A flatterer. GLaY'MORE, n. [Gael, claidhamh, and more.] A large, two- handed sword, formerly much used by the Highlanders of Scotland. — Johnson. GLaZE, v. t. [from glass.] 1. To furnish with windows of glass. 2. To incrust with a vitreous substance, as earthen-ware. 3. To cover with any thing smooth and shining ; or to render the exterior of a thing smooth, bright, and showy. 4. To give a smooth and glassy sur- face, as gunpowder ; to make glossy, as muslin. GLAZE, n. The vitreous coating or glazing of potter's ware.— Ure. GL aZjBD, pp. or a. Furnished with glass windows ; incrust ed with a substance resembling glass ; rendered smooth shining. tGLA'Z.EN, a. [Sax. glasen.] Resembling glass. — Wicklife. GLa'ZjENED, pp. Glazed. GL5/Z1ER (gla'zhur), n. One whose business is to set win- dow-glass. — Moxon. GLAZTNG,ppr. 1. Furnishing with window-glass. 2. Crust- ing with a vitreous substance, as potter's ware. 3. Giving a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to muslin. GLAZING, n. 1. The act or art of setting glass ; the art. of crusting with a vitreous substance. 2. The vitreous sub- stance with which potter's ware is incrusted. 3. Any fac- titious, shining exterior. — 4. In painting, a term applied to transparent or semi-transparent colors passed thinly over other colors to modify their effect. GLkAM, n. [Sax. gleam, or glam.] 1. A shoot of light ; a beam ; a ray ; a small stream of light. 2. Brightness ; splendor. GLkAM, v. i. 1. To shoot or dart, as rays of light. 2. To shine ; to cast light. 3. To flash ; to spread a flood of light. —4. Among falconers, to disgorge filth, as a hawk. GLE AM'ING, ppr. Shooting, as rays of light ; shining. GLE AM'ING, n. A shoot or shooting of light. GLeAM'Y, a. Darting beams of light ; casting lisht in rays. GLEAN, v. t. [Fr. glaner.] 1. To gather the stalks and ears of grain which reapers leave behind them. 2. To collect things thinly scattered ; to gather what is left in small par. eels or numbers. By LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH , TH as in this, t Obsolete, GLI 452 GLO gather stalks or ears of grain left by | GLIMPSE, n. [D.glimp.] 1. A weak, faint light. 2. A flash of light. 3. Transient lustre. 4. A short, transitory view 5. Short, fleeting enjoyment. 6. Exhibition of a faint re GLfAd v . reap- rs. *2LeAN, n. A c»i'l :ction made by gleaning, or by gathering here and there a little. GLEANED, pp. Gathered after reapers; collected from small, detached parcels. 2. Cleared of what is left. 3. Having suffered a gleaning. GLeAN'ER, n. 1. One who gathers after reapers. 2. One who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers slowly with labor. — Locke. GLeAN'ING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave; collect- ing in small, detached parcels. GLeAN'ING, u. 1. The act of gathering after reapers. 2. That whicb is collected by gleaning. GLEBE n. [L.gleba.] 1. Turf; soil; ground.— Garth. 2. The land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice. 3. A crystal ; [obs.] — 4. Among miners, a piece of earth in which is contained some mineral ore. GLEBE'LESS, a. Without a glebe. GLeB'OUS, a. Gleby; turfy— Diet. GLEBT, a. Turfy; cloddy. GLeDE, n. [Sax. glida.] 1. A bird of the rapacious kind, the kite, a species offalco. 2. See Gleed. GLEE, n. [Sax..glie.] 1. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. — 2. In music, a composition for voices in three or more parts. 4. An- ciently, music or minstrelsy generally ; [obs.] GLY ' {*"*■ f Teut - gluyeren.} To squint. t GLEED, n. [Sax. gled.] A glowing coal. — Chaucer. GLEE'FUL, a. Merry; gay; joyous. — Shak. t GLEEK, n. 1. Music, or a musician. — Shak. 2. A scoff; a game at cards. \ GLEEK, v. i. To make sport of; to gibe ; to sneer ; to spend time idly. — Shak. tGLEE'MAN, n. An itinerant musician, t GLEEN, v. i. [W. glan.] To shine ; to glisten. tGLEE'SoME (-sum), a. Merry; joyous. GLEET, n. [Sax. glidan.] The flux of a thin humor from the urethra ; a thin ichor running from a sore. GLEET, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor ; to ooze. — Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. — Cheyne. GLEETY, a. Ichorous ; thin ; limpid. GLEN, n. [W. glyn.] A valley ; a dale ; a depression or space between hills. GLe'NE, n. [Gr. yXrjvrj.] In anatomy, the cavity or socket of the eye, and the pupil ; also applied to any slight cavity. GLF/NOID, a. A term applied to some articulate cavities of bones. — Forsyth. GLENT, v. i. [Icel. glenta.] To start aside ; to look aside. [North of England.] GLEW. See Glue. GLl'A-DfNE, n. [Gr. yXia.] In chemistry, a peculiar yellow substance obtained from gluten. GLIB, a. [D. glibberen, glippen.] 1. Admitting a body to shde easily on the surface. 2. Easily moving, as a tongue. — Syn. Slippery ; smooth ; fluent ; voluble ; flippant. t GLIB, n. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over the eyes. — Spenser. GLIB, v. t. 1. To castrate. 2. To make smooth. GLIB'LY, adv. Smoothly; volubly. GLIB'NESS, n. Smoothness; slipperiness. — Chapman. 2. Volubility of the tongue. GLIGKES, n. pi. Ogling or leering looks. — Ben Jonson. GLIDE, v. i. [Sax. glidan.] 1. To flow gently ; to move without noise or violence, as a river. 2. To move silently and smoothly ; to pass along without apparent effort. 3. To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease. — 4. In a general sense, to move or slip along with ease, as on a smooth surface. GLIDE, n. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction. GLlD'ER n. He or that which glides. — Spenser. GLIDING, ppr. Passing along gently and smoothly ; mov- ing rapidly, or with ease. GLlD'ING-LY, adv. GLIFF, fish.] ,IKE, In a gliding manner. 1. A transient glance. 2. A sudden fright. [Scot- GLlkE, n. [Sax. glig.] A sneer; a scoff ; a flout— Shak. GLIM, n. [glimmer.] A light or candle.— Thompson. [Still used among sailors ; as, douse the glims, i. e., put out the lights.] GLlME, v. i. To look out of the corner of the eye ; to glance slyly. GLIM'MER, v. i. [G. glimmen, glimmern.] 1. To shoot fee- ble or scattered rays of light. 2. To shine faintly ; to give a feeble light. GLIM'MER, n. 1. A faint light; feeble, scattered rays of light. — 2. In mineralogy, see Mica. GLfM'MER-ING, ppr. or a. Shining faintly; shooting fee- ble, scattered rays of light. GLIM'MER-ING, n. 1. A" faint beaming of light. 2. A faint view. semblance. — Shak. GLIMPSE, v. i. To appear by glimpses.— Drayton. GLIS'S A, n. A fish of the tunny kind, without scales. GLIST, n. Glimmer ; mica. See Glimmer. GLISTEN (glis'n), v.i. [Sax. glisnian.] To shine; to sparkle with light, GLISTENED, pp. Shone; sparkled. GLISTEN-ING, ppr. or a. Shining; sparkling; emitting rays of light. GLISTER, v. i. To shine ; to be bright ; to sparkle ; to be brilliant.— Shak. GLIS'TER, n. 1. Glitter ; lustre. 2. See Clyster. GLISTER-ING, ppr. or a. Shining; sparkling with light GLIS'TER-ING-LY, adv. With shining lustre. GLITTER, v. i. [Sax. glitenan.] 1. To sparkle with light ; to be splendid. 2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence, attractive. — Syn. To shine ; glare ; gleam ; glisten. GLITTER, n. Brightness ; brilliancy ; splendor ; lustre, t GLITTER-AND, ppr. or a. Sparkling.— Chaucer. GLITTER-IN G, ppr. or a. Shining; splendid; brilliant GLITTER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre. GLoAM, v. i. To be sullen. See Glum. GL5AM1NG, n. 1. Twilight; [Scottish.] 2. Sullenness, melancholy ; [obs.] t GLoAR, v. i. [D. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare. GLoAT, v. i. [Sw.glutta.] To look steadfastly ; to gaze earnestly or with eagerness. — Rowe. GLoAT'ED, pret. and^p. of gloat. GLoAT'ING, ppr. or a. Gazing with earnestness ; looking steadfastly. GLo'BARD, n. [from glow.] A glow-worm. GLo'BATE, la. [L. globatus.] Having the form of a GLo'Ba-TED, 5 globe; spherical; spheroidal. GLoBE, n. [L. globus; Fr. globe.] 1. A round or spherical solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; an orb ; a body whose sur- face is in every part equidistant from the center. 2. Tho earth ; the terraqueous ball ; so called, though not per- fectly spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other matter on whose convex surface is drswn a map or representation of the earth or of the heavens. 4. A body of soldiers formed into a circle. GLoBE, v. t. To gather round or into a circle. GLoBE'-AM'A-RANTH, n. A plant of the amaranth tribe, bearing beautiful heads of red flowers. GLoBE'-AN'I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a globu- lar form._ GLoBE'-DaI-SY, n. A plant of the genus globularia, GLoBE'-FISH, n. A fish of a globular shape. — Johnson. GLoBE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant bearing handsome globu- lar flowers. GL5BE'-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. A species of hellebore. GLoBE'-THIS-TLE (-this!), n. A plant. GLO-B5SE', a. [L. globosus.] Round; spherical; globular. — Milton. GLO-BOS'I-TY, n. The quality oi being round. GLo'BOUS, a. [L. globosus.] Round; spherical. GLOB'H-LAR, a. Round; spherical; having the form of a ball or sphere. — Globular projection, see Projection. GLOB-U-La'RI-A, n. The botanical name of a genus of Eu- ropean plants bearing flowers in globose heads. GLOB'U-LAR-LY, adv. So as to resemble a globe ; spher- ically. GLOB'H-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being globular. GLOB'ULE, n. [Fr. globule; L.globulus.] A little globe ; a small particle of matter of a spherical form. GLOB'U-LIN, n. 1. A substance closely allied to albumen, and forming the principal constituent of the globules of blood. — Graham. 2. The name has been also given to the green globules lying among the ceils of cellular tissue, and to vesicular granules. — Brande. GLOB'U-LOUS, a. Round ; globular ; having the form of a small sphere. — Boyle. GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. — Sherwood. tGLoDE, old pret. of glide. GLoME, n. [L. glomus.] In botany, a roundish head of flowers. — Martyn. GLOM'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. glomero.] To gather or wind into a ball ; to collect into a spherical form or mass. GLOM'ER-ATE, a. Growing in rounded or massive forms. — A glomerate gland,, is one which, without having any cavity, discharges at once into a duct. GLOM'ER-A-TED. pp. Gathered into a ball or round mass. GLOM'ER-1-TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball or round mass. GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. [L. glomeratio.] 1. The act of gath- ering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed nto a ball. — Bacon. GLOM'ER-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. GLOOM, n. [Scot, gloum.] 1. Obscurity ; pirtial or total * Sec Synopsis. A, E, I &c, long.—l £, t, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;- -M'.' VE, BUOK." GLO 453 GLU darkness: thick snaife. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; sadness; aspect of sorrow. ^.Dark- ness of prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness ; moroseness. GLOOM, v. i. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectly. 2. To be cloudy, dark, or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de- jected. GLOOM, v. t. To ob«cure ; to fill with gloom ; to darken ; to make dismal. GLOOM £ D, pp. Filled with gloom. GLOOM'I-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; dimly; darkly; dismal- ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. — Dryden. QLOOM'I-NESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ; dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look. — Syn. Obscurity ; darkness ; duskiness ; dismalness ; gloom ; depression ; heaviness ; melancholy ; dejection ; sadness. GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Imperfectly illuminated ; or destitute of light. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; heavy of heart. 3. Of a dark complexion; [little used.] — Syn. Obscure; dark ; dim ; dusky ; dismal ; cloudy ; sullen ; morose ; melancholy ; sad ; downcast ; depressed ; dejected ; dis- heartened. GLOP'PEN, v. t. To surprise ; to astonish. [North ofEng.] GL5RE, a. Fat. GL&RI-A INEX-CEL'SIS. [L.] Glory in the highest. GL6-RI-A Pa'TRI. [L.J In the Episcopal service, Praise to God the Father. t GLO-RI-A'TION, n. [L. gloriatio.} Boast ; a triumphing. — Richardson. \ GLo'RII? D (glo'rid), a. Illustrious ; honorable. — Milton. GLO-RI-F1-€aTION, n. 1. The act of giving glory, or of ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ; elevation to glory. GLo'RI-FlED, pp. or a. Honored ; dignified ; exalted to glory. GLo'RI-FY, v. t. [Fr. glorifier.] 1. To praise; to magnify and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or words ; to laud ; to bless. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt to glory or to celestial happiness. 3. To praise ; to honor ; to extol_ 4. To procure honor or praise to. — Shak. GLo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Praising ; honoring in worship ; ex- alting to glory ; honoring; extolling. GLo'Rl-OT JS, a. [Fr. glorieux ; L. gloriosus.] 1. Of exalted excellence and splendor ; resplendent in majesty and glo- ry. 2. Conferring splendor or renown ; very honorable. 3. Boastful ; self-exulting ; haughty ; ostentatious ; [obs.] — Syn. Illustrious ; eminent ; noble ; excellent ; renowned ; celebrated ; magnificent ; grand ; splendid. GLo'RI-OUS-L Y, adv. Splendidly ; illustriously ; with great renown or dignity. GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo- rious. GLo'RY, n. [L. gloria ; Fr. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; splendor, as of the sun. 2. Splendor ; magnificence, as of a king. 3. Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 4. Honor ; praise ; fame ; renown ; celebrity. 5. The felic- ity of heaven prepared for the children of God ; celestial bliss. — 6. In Scripture, the Divine presence ; or the ark, the manifestation of it. 7. The Divine perfections or ex- cellence. 8. Honorable representation of God. 9. Distin- guished honor or ornament ; that which honors or makes renowned; that of which one may boast. 10. Pride; boast- fulness ; arrogance ; as, vain glory. 11. Generous pride. Sidney. — 12. In painting, a circle of rays surrounding the heads of saints, &c, and especially of the Savior. — Brande. GLo'RY, v. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to rejoice. 2. To boast; to be proud of; to vaunt. GLo'PiY-SMIT-TEN, a. Smitten with glory.— Coleridge. GLo'RY -1NG, ppr. Exulting with joy ; boasting. GLo'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast- ing ; display of pride. GLOSS, n. [Ger. ghsse, from Gr. yXuxraa.] 1. Brightness or lustre of a body, proceeding from a smooth surface. 2. A specious appearance or representation ; external show that may mislead opinion. 3. An interpretation art- fully specious. — Sidney. 4. Interpretation; comment; explanation ; remark intended to illustrate 1 a subject. 4JLOSS, v. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to ; to make smooth and shining. 2. To. explain; to render clear and evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious appearance to ; to render specious and plausible ; to pal- liate by specious representation ; to cover ; to varnish. RLOSS. v. i. 1. To comment; to write or make explana- tory remarks. 2. ( To make sly remarks. — Prior. 3LOS-Sa'TM-AL, a. ' Containing explanation. |LOSS'A-RlST, n. A writer of glosses or comments. tJLOSS'A-RY, n. [Fr. glossaire.) A dictionary or vocabu- lary, explaining words which are obscure, antiquated, lo- cal, &<:. GLOS SaTOR, n. [Fr. glossateur.] A writer of com- ments ; a commentator. — Ayliffe. GLOSS2JD (glost), pp. Made smooth and shining; ex- plained. GLOSS'ER, ti. 1. A writer of glosses ; a scholiast ; a con> mentator. 2. A polisher ; one who gives a lustre. GLOSS'I-LY, adv. In a glossy manner. GLOSS'I-NESS, n. The lustre or brightness of a smooth surface. — Boyle. GLOSS'ING, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining by comments ; giving a specious appearance. tGLOSS'lST, n. A writer of comments. — Wilton. GLOSS'LY, adv. Like gloss. — Cowley. GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [gloss, and Gr. yp a w.\ A writ- er of a glossary ; a commentator ; a scholiast. GLOSS-O-GRAPH'IC-AL. a. Pertaining to glossography. GLOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of glossaries, or of comments, for illustrating an author. GLOSS-0-LO(jq€-AL, a. Pertaining to glossology. GLOSS-OL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. yXmaaa and Xoyog.] One who defines and explains terms. GLOSS-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yXucaa and Xoyog.] The definition and explanation of terms. GLOSS'Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from a smooth surface ; highly polished. GLOTTAL, a. Pertaining to the glottis. GLOTTIS, n. [Gr. yXuyrra.] The narrow opening at the upper part of the trachea or windpipe. t GLOUT, v. i. [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen.— Garth. t GLOUT, v. t. To view attentively; to gloat. GL6VE (gluv), n, [Sax. glof.] A cover for the hand, or for the hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger. — To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge to single combat. GL6VE, v. t. To cover with a glove. — Shak. GL6V ET> (gluvd), pp. or a. Covered with a glove. GL6VER (gluv'er), n. One whose occupation is to make and sell gloves. GLoW, v. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat ; or, perhaps, more correctly, to shine with a white heat •, to exhibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement heat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To exhibit a strong bright color ; to be red. 5. To be bright or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6. To feel the heat of passion ; to be ardent ; to be animated. 7. To burn with intense heat ; to l age, as passion. t GLoW, v. t. To make hot, so as to shine. — Shak. GLoW, n. 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness of color ; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion. GLOWING, ppr. or a. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white with heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibit- ing a bright color ; red. 4. Ardent ; vehement ; animated. 5. Inflamed. GLoW'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent heat or passion. GLoW'-WoRM (glo'-wurm), n. The female of the lampyris noctiluca, an insect of the order to which the beetle be- longs. It emits a light of a lambent, electric, greenish color. — Brande. GLoZE, v. i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter ; to wheedle ; to fawn ; to talk smoothly. GLoZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition. GLoZE, n. 1. Flattery ; adulation. — Shak. 2. Specious show ; gloss. — Sidney ; [obs.] See Gloss. GLoZ'ER, n. A flatterer.- Gifford. GLoZTNG, ppr. Flattering; wheedling. GLoZTNG, n. Specious representation. — Montagu. GLU-Cl'NA, n. [more properly, glycyna. Gr. yXvKvi.] The oxyd of glucinum, so named from the sweetness of its salts. GLU-Cl'NUM, n. [more properly, glycynum. Gr. yXvKv;.\ A metal in the form of a grayish black powder. It ac- quires a dark metallic lustre by burnishing. GLO'CoSE, n. [Gr. yXvKvc..] A sugar obtained from grapes, honey, and most acid fruits, which is less sweet than that of the sugar-cane.— Graham. GLuE (glu), n. [Fr. gin.] A tenacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite other substances ; extracted from the skins, pairings, &c, of animals, boiled to a jelly. GLuE, v. t. [Fr. glucr.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together.— Newton. GLuE'-BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupa- tion is to make glue. GLU.ED (glade), pp. United or cemented with glue. GLu'ER, n. One who cements with glue. GLu'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous. GLu'EY-NESS, n. The quality of being gluey. GLu'ING, ppr. Cementing with glue. GLu'ISH, a. Having the nature of glue. — Sherwooa. GLUM, a. [Scot, gloum.] Frowning; sullen. [Colloquial'] t GLUM, n. Sullenness. t GLUM, v. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of countenance. GLU-Ma'CKOUS (glu-ma'shus), a. Having glumes ; consist ing of glumes. — Barton. DuVF:— BULL, UNITE,- AK"GER, vf "IOUS.— G as K ; 4 as J-' S asZ: CH as SH; TH as in this, t ObsoleU GNA 454 GO 3L0Mr /:.. [\j. gluma.} In botany, the calyx or corol of gr?in and grasses , the husk or chaff of grain. Gt.L'M'MY, a. Dark; gloomy; dismal. GLfrJV'OUS, a. A glumous flower is a kind of aggregate Hower, with a common glume at the base. GLJJ'l , v. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow greedily; to gov&e— Milton. 2. To cloy; to fill beyond sulibienr.y; to sate; to satiate; to disgust. 3. To feast or delight even to satiety. 4. To fill or furnish beyond suffi- ciency. 5. O'o saturate. — Boyle. iJLUT, n. 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty, even to loathing. 3. More than enough ; superabundance. 4. Any thing that fills or obstructs the passage. 5. A large wood- en wedge ; [New England.'] GLC TE-AL, a. [Gr. y\ov ro$.] The gluteal artery is a branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery. The gluteal muscles, three large muscles constituting the part of the body on which we sit. GLUTEN, n. [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. GLuTE-US, n. The large, thick muscle on which ws sit. GLuTIN-aTE, v. t. To unite with glue ; to cement GLu'TlN-l-TED, pp. United with glue. GLu'TIN-a-TING, ppr. Uniting with glue. GLU-TIN-a'TION, n. The act of uniting with glue. GLu'TIN-A-TIVE, a. Having the quality of cementing; tenacious. GLU-TIN-GS'I-TY, n. The quality of being glutinous ; vis- cqusness. GLu'TIN-OUS, n. [L. glutinosus.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te- nacious , having the quality of glue ; resembling glue. — 2._ln botany, besmeared with a slippery moisture. GLu'TiN-OUS-NESS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality of glue ; tenacity. — Cheyne. GLUTTED, pp. Cloyed ; filled beyond sufficiency. GLUTTON (gluftn), ?i. [Low L. gliUo ; Fr. glouton.] 1. One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, a carnivorous quad- ruped, so called from its greedy appetite. f GLUTTON, v. t. To load; to glut; to over-fill.— Love- lace. GLUTTON-LIKE, a. Like a glutton; greedy. GLUT'TON-lZE, v. i. To eat to excess; to eat voracious- ly ; to indulge the appetite to excess. GLU'FTON-OUS, la. 1. Given to excessive earing. 2. Con- GLUTTON-ISH, ) sisting in excessive eating. GLUTTON-OUS-LY, adv. With the voracity of a glutton ; with excessive eating. GLUTTON- Y, n. 1. Excess in eating; extravagant indul- gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of the table. 3. Voracity of appetite. — Encyc. GLyC'E-RIN, n. [Gr. yXvKvs.] A sweet substance which forms the base of fatty matter. GLY-Go'NI-AN, ? a. [Low L. glyconium.] Denoting a kind GLY-CONTG, ) of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. GLY-CyRRHI-ZIN, n. [Gr. yXvKvs and foa.] A peculiar saccharine matter obtained from the root of glycyrrhiza glabra, or common liquorice. — Brande. GLYN. See Glen. GLYPH (glif), n. [Gr. yXv taining maxims or single de- tached thoughts. [Little used.] GNO-MO-LO(3'IG, ) „ . . . <. , GN0-M0-L06TC-AL, j a ' PertaiMn S to pomology. GNO-MOL'0-(3Y (no-mol'o-je), n. [Gr. yvui^n and Xoyos."] A collection of maxims, grave sentences, or reflections. [Little used.] GNo'MON (no'mon), n. [Gr. yvu)fxwv.] 1. In dialing, the style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the day. — 2. In astronomy, a style or column erected perpen- dicular to the horizon, for making astronomical observa- tions. Its principal use is to find the altitude of the sun, by measuring the length of its shadow. 3. The gnomon of a globe is the index of the hour-circle. — 4. In geom- etry, the part of a parallelogram which remains when one of the parallelograms about its diagonal is removed. Brande. GNO-MON'IC, la. Pertaining to the art of dialing. Cham- GNO-MONTG-AL, j bers. — Gnomonic projection, see Pro- jection. GNQ-MON'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of the gnomonic projection. — P. Cyc. GNO-MON'IGS, n. The art or science of dialing. GNO-MON-OL'O-GY, n. A treatise on dialing. GNOSTIC (nos'tik), n. [L. gnosticus.] One of a sect of philosophers in the first ages of Christianity, who pretend* ed to superior knowledge, and attempted to unite the Pla- tonic philosophy with Christianity. GNOSTIC (nos'tik), a. Pertaining to the Gnostics. GNOSTI-CISM (nos'te-sizm), n. The doctrines or system of philosophy taught by the Gnostics. GNU (nu), n. 1. An animal found in Southern Africa, some- times called the horned horse, partaking in form of the horse, the buffalo, and the stag. 2. The draft-iron attached to the end of a plow-beam (clevis, clevy) ; [local] GO, v. i. ; pret. went ; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root, Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan; Ger. gehen.] 1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from one place, state, or station to another. 2. To walk ; to move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ; not to run. — Shah. 4. To travel ; to journey. 5. To de- part; to move from a place. 6. To proceed; to pass. 7. To move ; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in mental operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed or advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply ; to be applicable. 13. To apply one's self. — Sidney. 14. To have recourse to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to be accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report. 18. To pass ; to be received ; to be accounted or under- stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To move, as a fluid ; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 22. To be in compact or partnership ; as, to go halves in the loss or gain. 23. To oe guided or regulated ; to proceed by sone principle or rule. 24. To be pregnant. 25. To pass ; to be alienated in payment or exenange. 2li. To be loosed or released ; to be freed from restraint. 27. To be ex- pended. 28. To oxtend ; to reach. 29. To extend or lead in any direction. 30. To proceed ; to extend 31 To have effect; to extend in effect; to avjL, to If of force or value. 32. To extend in meaning or parpo t. 33. To " See Synopsis. A, K, I, &c, long.— i, E, I, &c. short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtPD ; - MO VIS, BC-OK, GOA 455 GOB have a currency or use, as custom, opinion, or manners. 34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ; to be an ingre- dient 35. To proceed ; to be carried on. 36. To proceed to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed. 37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences. 38. To fare ; to be in a good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency or effect ; to operate. To go about. 1. To set one's self to a business ; to attempt ; to endeavor. — 2. In seamen's language, to tack ; to turn the head of a ship.— To go abroad. 1. To walk out of a house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed, or published.— To go against. 1. To invade ; to march to attack. 2. To be in opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with- draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To err ; to de- viate from the right way. — To go astray, to wander ; to break from an inclosure ; also, to leave the right course ; to depart from law or rule ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to in- terpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond 2. To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in the conclusion ; [little used.] — To go down. 1. To descend in any manner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To be swallowed or received, not rejected.— To go for nothing, to have no meaning or efficacy. — To go forth, to issue or depart out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go hard with, \ o be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have diffi- culty to escape.— To go in, to enter. — To go in to, to have sexual comme-ce with. — To go in and out. 1. To do the business of life. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty.— To go off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station. 2. To die ; to decease. 3. To be discharged, as fire-arms ; to explode.— To go on. 1. To proceed; to advance for- ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment. — To go out. 1. To Issue forth ; to depart. 2. To go on an expedition. 3. To become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To become public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to study. 2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think over ; to proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To change sides ; to pass from one party to another. 5. To revolt. 6. To pr\ss from one side to the other, as of a river.— To go through. 1. To pass in a substance. 2. To execxite ; to accomplish ; to perform thoroughly ; to finish. 3. To suf- fer; to bear; to undergo; to sustain to the end. — To go through with, to come to the end. — To go under, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To go up, to ascend; to rise. — To go upon, to proceed as on a founda- tion ; to take as a principle supposed or settled. — To go with. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2. To side with; to be in party or design with. — To go ill with, to have ill fortune ; not to prosper. — To go well with, to have good fortune ; to prosper.— To go without, to be or remain destitute. — Go to, come, move, begin, [a phrase of exhor- tation; also, a phrase of scornful exhortation.] Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. An interposer ; one who transacts business between parties. — Shak. Go'-BY, n. 1. Evasion; escape by artifice. 2. A passing without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting oil". — To give a thing the go-by, is to evade it or set it aside. Go'-€aRT, n. A machine with wheels, in which children learn to walk without danger of falling. Go AD, n. [Sax. gad.] A pointed instrument used to stimu- late a beast to move faster. GoAD, v. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To urge forward ; as, to be goaded by revenge. — Syn. To stimu- late ; excite ; arouse ; irritate ; incite"; instigate. GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked; pushed on by a goad ; instigated. GOADING, ppr. Pricking ; driving with a goad ; inciting ; urging on ; rousing. GOAL. 7i. [Fr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race, and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting-post. 3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at. GoAR, n. More usually gore, which see. f GoARTSH, a. Patched; mean. — Beaum. aiid Fl. G5AT, n. [Sax. gait ; D. gcit..] A well-known ruminating quadruped, with long hair and horns. Its fiesh and milk are often used for food. GoAT-BeaRD, n. See Goat's-beaeb. QoAT-CHaF-ER n. An insect, a kind of beetle. GoAT'-FlSH, n. A fish of the Mediterranean. G5AT-MaR'JO-RAM, n. Goat-beard. GoA'T-MILK-EE., n. A land of bird, so called from suck- ing goats ; the goat-sucker. — Bailey. SoAT'-SKIN, n. The skin of a goat.— Pope. GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornithology, a bird of the genus caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck goats ; the night-jar. GoAT'S'-BeARD, n. In botany, a plant of the genus trago- pogon. Go AT'S'-RGE, n. A plant of the genus galega. GoAT'S'-SToNES, n. The greater goaVs-slones is the sa- .yriiiw. ) the ks$»r the orchis. GOAT'S'-TilORN, n. a plant of the genus astragalus-. DO YE: GoAT'HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend g«at& GoATISH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality . of rank smell. — More. 2. Lustful. — Shah. GoAT'ISH-LY, adv. Like a goat ; lustfully. i GoAT'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being goatish; lustful ness. GOB, n. [Fr. gobe ; W. gob.] A little mass or collection , < mouthful. [A low word.] GOB'BET, 7t. [Fr. gobe.] A small piece ; a mouthful ; lump. GOB'BET, v. t. To swallow in masses or mouthfuls.- U Estrange. [A loio word.] \ GOB'BET-LY, adv. In pieces.— Huloet. GOB'BING, n. In mining, the refuse thrown back into th* excavations remaining after the removal of the coal.— Brande. GOB'BLE, v. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces; to swallow hastily. — Swift. GOB'BLE, v. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey, — Prior. GOB'BLE'D, pp. Swallowed hastily. GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste; a greedy eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to too turkey-cock. GOB'BLING, ppr. Swallowing hastily. GOB'E-LIN, a. A term applied to a kind of beautiful French tapestry. GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking ves- sel without a handle. GOB'LIN, n. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit ; a walking spirit ; a frightful phantom. 2. A fairy ; an elf. Go'BY, 7i. The name of certain fishes, mostly small sea- fishes, allied to the blenny. — Jar dine' s Nat. Lib. GOD, 77. [Sax. god ; G. gott ; D. god ; Sw. and Dan. gud ; Goth, goth or guth.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sov ereign of the Universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ; an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; an angel. 4. Any person or thing exalted too much in esti- mation, or deified and honored as the chief good, t GOD, v. t. To deify.— Shak. GOD'-SPEED, n. Good-speed, that is, success. — 2 John, 1(1 GOD'S'-PEN-NY, n. An earnest-penny. — Beaum. and Fl. GOD'CHlLD, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian. GOD'DAUGH-TER (-daw'ter), n. A female for whom ono becomes sponsor at baptism. GOD'DESS, n. 1. A female deity; a heathen deity of the female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of supe- rior charm3_or excellence. GOD'DESS-LlKE, a. Resembling a goddess. GOD'FX-THER, n. [Sax. god and feeder.] A man who be cOmes sponsor for a child at baptism. GOD'Fa-THER, v. t. To act as godfather.— Burke. GOD'HEAD (godhed), n, [god, and Sax. hade.] 1. God- ship ; deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. — Milton. 2. A deity in person ; a god or goddess. GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God , impious , ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no belief in the existence of God. — Milton.. GOD'LESS-LY, adv. In an impious manner ; impiously , atheistically. GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious. GOD'LlKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence. GOD'LlKE-NESS, n. Resemblance to God. GOD'LI-LY, adv. Piously ; righteously.— H. Wharton. GOD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve- lation ; the system of Christianity. GOD'LING, -m." A little deity ; a diminutive god. GOD'LY. a. [godlike.] 1. Reverencing God, and his char- acter and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God's com- mands. 3. Conformed to God's laws. — Syn. Pious ; holy ; devout ; religious ; righteous. GOD'LY, adv. Piously ; righteously, t GOD'LY-HEAD, 7i. [Sax. god and head.] Goodness.— - Spe?i?er. GOD'MoTH-ER (-mufh'er), n. [god and mother.] A woman who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism. GO-DOWN', 7i. In the East Indies, a corruption of the M*> lay word godong, a warehouse. — Smart. GO-DPvOON', n. [Fr. godron, a ruifie or puff.] In architec- ture, a kind of inverted tluting or beading.— Elmes. GOD'SEND, n. An unexpected acquisition or good for> tune. GOD'SHIP, 7i. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god. GOD'SMITH, 7i. A maker of idols.— Dry den. GOD'SON (-sun), n. [Sax., gods una.] A male for whem an- other has been sponsor at the font. GOD'WARD. Toward God. [An informed word.] GOD'WIT, n. A bird allied to the snipe, having long ieg» and a long, flexible bill, and inhabiting marshes. BUI L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ell as till ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. G-OL 456 tfOO • adv. A term of thanks. — Shak. QVirY*:' D, 1 GOD YIELD, 5 tGo'EL, a. [Sax. gealew.] Yellow.— Tusser. t Go'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written. Go'ER. 'i. 1. One who goes; a runner or walker. 2. One who transacts business between parties. 3. A foot. 4. A term app led to a horse ; as, a good goer. — Beaum. and Fl. tGo'E-TY, n. [Or. yorjreia.] Invocation of evil spirits. r GOFF, u. [qu. VV. gofol.] 1. A foohsh clown. 2. See Golf t GOFF'ISH, a. Foolish ; stupid. — Chaucer. GOG, n. [W.gog. See Agog.] Haste ; ardent desire to go — Beaum. and Fl. GOG'GLE 'gog'l), v. i. [W. gogelu.] To strain or roll the eyes. — Hudlbras. GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. — Ben Jonson. GOG'GLE, n._ A strained or affected rolling of the eye. GOG'GLE-EyE, n. A rolling or staring eye. GOG'GLE-EYED (gogl-ide), a. Having prominent, distort- ed, or rolling eyes. — Ascham. GOG'GLED, a. Prominent; staring, as the eye. GOG'GLES (goglz), n. pi. [W. gogelu.] 1. In surgery, in- struments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the eyes which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, du^t, &c. 3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright. Go'ING, ppr. Moving; walking; traveling ; turning; roll- ing ; dying ; sailing, &c. Go'ING, u. 1. The act of moving. 2. The act of walking. 3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course of life ; behavior ; deportment. 6. Procedure ; course of providential agency or government. GOITER. } n. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele : a swelling in GOITRE, 5 the upper and fore part of the neck, seated in the thyroid gland. It occurs chiefly among the Alps, in low, moist valleys. GOITR^D ' } a - Affected wi* S° iter - GOITROUS, a. [Fr. goitreux.) 1. Pertaining to or affected with the goiter. Go'LA, u. [It.] In architecture, the same as cymatium or cyma. * GOLD, n. [Sax., G. gold.] 1. A precious metal of a bright yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of all the metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money. 3. Something pleasing or valuable. — SJiak. 4. A bright, yel- low color. 5. Riches ; wealth. — Gold of pleasure, a plant with yellow flowers, sometimes cultivated for the oil of its seeds. GoLD, a t Made of gold; consisting of gold. GoLD'-BeAT-EN (-befn), a. Gilded. [Little used.] GoLD'-BeAT-ER, n. One whose occupation is to beat or foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Gold-beater's skin, the in- testines of an ox, which gold-beaters lay between the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the mem- brane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be applied to cuts and fresh wounds. G5LD'-BeAT-1NG, n. The art or process of reducing gold to extremely thin leaves, by beating with a hammer. — Ure. GoLD'-BOUND, a. Encompassed with gold.— Shak. GoLD' CoAST, n. In geography, a part of the coast of Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found. GoLD' DUST, n. Gold in very fine particles. GoLD'-FlND-ER, n. One who finds gold; one who emp- ties jakes. — Swift. GoLD'-FISH, > n. A fresh-water fish of the carp kind, GoLD'EN-FISH, 5 having the upper part of the body of a bright orange color. GoLD'-HAM-MER, n. A kind of bird.— Diet. GoLD'-IIiLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt. GoLD'-LaCE, n. A lace wrought with gold. GoLD'-LaCED (-laste), a. Trimmed with gold lace. GoLD'-LeAF, n. Gold beaten into a thin leaf. GoLD'-PLeAS-URE, for gold of pleasure, a plant. GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof against bribery. GoLD'-SlZE, n. A size or glue for burnishing gilding. GoLD'-STI€K, u. An officer in the English court who at- tends on the reigning monarch on occasions of ceremony and state. GoLD'-THReAD, n. 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid over a thread of silk. 2. A small evergreen plant, coptis trifoba, so called from its fibrous yellow roots. [U. States.] GoLD'-WiRE, n. Wire made of gold ; usually, silver-wire superficially covered with gold. G5LD'EN (gol'dn), a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3. Yellow ; of a gold color. 4. Excellent ; most valuable. 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the golden age, which was fabled to be one of primeval inno- cence in rural employments. 6. Pre-eminently favorable OS" auspicious ; as, the golden opportunity, golden opin- ions.— Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the year of the moon's cycle.— Golden rule, in arithmetic, the rule of three, or rule of proportion. G5LBEN-GLUB, n. An aquatic plant bearing yellow flowers. G5LD'EN-€UPS, n. A plant ; also called butter-cups GoLD'EN-FYE, u. A species of duck. GOLD'EN fLEECE, n. In mythology, the fleece of gold taken from the ram that bore Phryxus through the air t Colchis, and L. quest of which Jason undertook the At gonautic expedition. — Ed. En eye. GoLD'EN-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing like gold. GoLD'EN-LUNG'WORT, n. A species of hawk-weea. GoLD'EJN-MaID'EN-HaIR, n. A plant. GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-EAR, n. A species of hawk-weed. GoLD'EN-ROD. n. A tall herb bearing yellow flowers. GoLD'EN-ROD ; -TREE, n. A shrub of the Canary IsW GoLD'EN-SAMTHlRE. n. An herb resembling sampbira GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRAGE, n. A plant growing in wet ground. GoLD'EN-THISTLE (-this!), n. An herb bearing yellow flowers. GoLD'EN-TRESSED (-trest), a. Having tresses like gold. GoLD'EN-WINGED, a. Having wings like gold, t GoLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly ; delightfully.— Shak GoLD'FINCH, n. [Sax. goldfiuc] A beautiful singing bird so named from the color of its wings. GoLDTNG, n. A sort of apple.— Diet. GoLD'LESS, a. Destitute of gold. GoLD'NEY, n, A fish, the gilthead.—Dict. GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments of gold and silver. — 2. Formerly, in England, a banker, because money was deposited with goldsmiths. GoLD'Y-LOGKS, n. A name given to certain plants bearing tufts of yellow flowers. GOLF, n. [D. kolf] A game with a small ball and a bat or club, crooked at the lower end, in which he who drives the ball into a series of small holes in the ground with the fewest strokes is the winner, t GOLL, n. [Gr. yvaXov.] Hands ; paws ; cIh^vs. GO-LoE'-SHoE {go-lo'-anc '■;, n. An over-shoe , a shoe worn over another to keep the foot dry. GO-LoR-E', n. [Irish, gleire.] Abundance. See Galore. GoLT'SHUT, n. A small ingot of gold, in Japan, of silver, serving for money. — Smart. t GOM, n. [Sax. gum ; Goth, guma.] A man. t GOMAN, n. [probably from good man.] A husband ; a master of a family. — Ash. GoME, n. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probablj a cor- ruption of coom. GOM-PHi'A-SIS, n. [Gr. yo^of.j A disease of the teeth, when they loosen and fall out of the sockets. — Brandt. GOM-PHo'SIS, n. [Gr.] The immovable articulation of the teeth with the jaw-bone, like a nail in a board. GO-MOTl, ft, A fibrous substance resembling horse-hair, obtained from a kind ofpalm-tree (boi-assus gomutus) of the Indian islands, and used for making cordage. — M'Culloch. GON'DO-LA, n. [It. ; Fr. gondole.] 1. A long and narrow pleasure-boat, used at Venice, in Italy, on the canals. 2. A fiat-bottomed boat for carrying produce, Sic. ; [U. States.] GON-DO-LIeR', n. A man who rows a gondola. GONE {pronounced, nearly, gawn), pp. of go. 1. Departed, 2. Advanced ; forward in progress : with far ; as, far gone in vice. 3. Ruined; undone. 4. Past: sometimes with by. 5. Lost. 6. Departed from life ; deceased ; dead. I GON'FA-LON, ( n. [gonfanon, Chaucer ; Fr. gonfalon.] \ GON'FA-NON, j An ensism or standard ; colors. I GON-FA-LON-lER', n. A chief standard-bearer. GONG, n. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes. — Chaucer • [obs.] 2. An instrument made of an alloy of copper and tin, of a circular form, which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet. — Todd. GO-NI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ywvia and (inpov.] An instru- ment for measuring solid angles, as of crystals, Sec. — Re- flecting goniometer, an instrument for measuring the an- gles of crystals by reflection. — Wollaston. GO-NI-O-MET'RIC-AL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer. GO-NI-OM'E-TRY, n, The art of measuring solid angles. GON-OR-RHe'A, n. [Gr. yovos and peu).] A contagious in- flammation of the genital organs attended with a" profuse secretion of mucus. GOOD, a. [Sax. god or good ; Goth, goda, gods, golh ; G. gut ; D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid ; legally firm ; not weak or defective ; as, the mortgage is good. 2. Val- id ; sound ; not weak, false, or fallacious. 3. Complete or gufllciently perfect in its kind ; having the physical quali- ties best adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad imperfect, corrupted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities best adapted to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Con- formable to the moral law ; virtuous ; as, a g cod worJi 6. Proper; fit; convenient; seasorable; well adaj. led Ue the end. 7. Convenient; useful; xpedient, conducive to happiness. 8. Sound ; perfect ; uncorrupted ; undam- aged. 9. Suitable to the taste or to health wholesome, salubrious ; palatable ; not disagreeable o\ noxious. It Suited to produce a salutary effect; ada^te 1 to abate 0,1 cure ; medicinal ; salutary ; beneficial ; as, good for sich * See Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PKEY ;— MARi'NE, BtP D ;— M«V % BCQK. GOO 457 GOR ness. 71. Suited to strengthen or assist the healthful func- tions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full; complete; as, 8 goad handful— Addison. 14. Useful ; valuable; having qualities or a tendency to produce a good effect. 15. Equal; adequate; competent; sufficient: as, good securi- ty ; Antonio is a good man.— Shak. 16. Favorable ; con- venient tor any purpose. 17. Convenient ; suitable ; safe. 18. Well qualified ; able ; skillful ; as, a good mechanic. 19. Ready ; dextrous ; as, good at flattering.— South. 20. Kind ; benevolent ; aflectionate. 21. Kind ; affectionate ; faithful. 22. Promotive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreea- ble ; cheering ; gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous ; as, to bid one good day. 24. Honorable ; fair ; unblemished ; unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; favorable to happiness. 26. Great or considerable ; not small nor very great. 27. El- egant ; polite ; as, in good society. 28. Real ; serious ; not feigned ; as, in good earnest. 29. Kind ; favorable ; benev- olent ; humane. 30. Benevolent ; merciful ; gracious. 31. Seasonable ; commendable ; proper. 32. Pleasant ; cheer- ful ; festive. 33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. Brave; [in familiar language.] 35. In the phrases, the good man, applied to the master of the house, and good woman, applied to the mistress, good sometimes express- es a moderate degree of respect, and sometimes slight con- tempt. 36. Comely ; handsome ; well formed. 37. Mild ; {feasant. 38. Mild ; calm ; not irritable. 39. Kind ; friend- y; humane. Good, advice, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great care ; due caution.— /;; good sooth, in good truth; in real- ity; [obs.] — To make good. 1. To perform; to fulfill, as an engagement. 2. To confirm or establish ; to prove ; to verify, as a charge or complaint. 3. To supply deficiency ; to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to give an equivalent for damages. 5. To carry into effect; to ac- complish, as one's escape. — To stand good, to be firm or valid. — To think good, to see good, is to be pleased or satis- fied ; to think to be expedient.- — As good as, equally ; no better than ; the same as. — As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment what was promised; performing to the ex- tent. GOOD, n. 1. That which contributes to diminish or remove pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad- vantage. 2. Welfare; prosperity; advancement of inter- est or happiness. 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement. 4. Earnest ; not jest, as in the phrase for good. So for good and all means finally. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral qualities ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; rich- ness ; abundance. t GOOD, v. u To manure.— Hall. GOOD, adv. As good, as well ; with equal advantage ; as, had you not as good go with me ? GOOD, interj. Well ! right ! GQOD'-BREEDTNG, n. Polite manners, formed by a good education ; a polite education. GOOD-BY'. Farewell. See By. GOOD-€ON-Dl"TION£D, a. Being in a good state ; having good qualities or favorable symptoms. GOOD-DaY', n. or interj. A term of salutation at meeting or parting ; farewell. GOOD'-FEL'I.oW, n. A boon companion. GQOD'-FEL'LoW, v. t. To make a boon companion ; to besot. [Little used.] GOOD'-FEL'I.oW-SHIP, n. Merry society. GOOD-FRl'DAY. n. A fast in memory of our Savior's suf- ferings, kept on the Friday of passion-week. GQOD-HO'MOR, n. A cheerful temper or state of mind. GOOD-Hti'MOR-ED, a. Being of a cheerful temper. i*OOD-Hu'MOR£D-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper ; in a cheerful way. GOOD'-MAN, it. 1. A familiar appellation of civility; [some- times used ironically.] 2. A rustic term of compliment. 3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the master of a family. GOOD-MAN'NERS, n. pi. Propriety of behavior ; polite- ness ; decorum. GOOD -MOR'KoW, n. or interj. A term of salutation ; good- morning. GOOD-N a TURF, (-nafyur), n. Natural mildness and kind- ness of disposition. GOOD-N a'TU RED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi- ly provoked. GQOD-Na'TURED-LY, adv. With mildness of temper. GOOD-NTGHT (-nite), n. or interj. A form of salutation in parting for the night. OOOD'-NOW. L. An exclamation of wonder or surprise. 2. An exclamation of entreaty. — SJiak.; [not. used.] -200D -SPEED, n. Good success. See Speed. "> or salutation. t GOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. — Chaucer. GOOD'LI-EST, a. Most good or excellent. GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace ; elegance. GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently.— Spenser. GOOD'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form ; beautifa graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. Bulkj swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [obs.] t GOOD'LY-HeAD, n. Goodness ; grace.— Spenser. GOOD'NESS, n. 1. The state of being good ; the physica' qualities which constitute value, excellence, or perfectio» 2. The moral qualities which constitute Christian exce; lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence benignity of heart ; but, more generally, acts of kindness . charity; humanity exercised. 4. Kininess; benevolence of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness : favai shown ; &cts of benevolence, compassion, or mercy. GOODS, n. pt 1. Household furniture. 2. Personal or movable estate. 3. Articles bought and sold by merchant* and traders. — Syn. Movables ; chattels ; effects ; wares ; merchandise ; commodities. t GOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace. GOOD'Y, n. [qu. good-wife.] A low term of civility or sport GQOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody. [Low.] GOOd'INGS, n. pi. In seamen's language, clamps of iron on which the rudder is hung; now written gudgeons. GOO-ROO', n. A spiritual guide among the Hindoos. — Malcom. GOOSAN-DER, n. A migratory water-fowl ; the merganser. GOOSE (goos), n. ; pi. Geese. [Sax. gos.] 1. A well-known aquatic fowl of the genus anser ; but the domestic goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A tailor's smoothing-iron. 3. A silly creature. Rich. Diet.— A green goose, in cookery, is one under four months old. GOOSE'- NECK (goos'-nek), n. In a ship, a piece of iron bent like the neck of a goose and fitted to the end of a boom, yard, &c. GOOSE'-QUILL (goos'-kwil), n. The large feather or quiB of a goose, or a pen made with it. GOOSE-T6NGUE (goos'-tung), n. A plant allied to yarrow. GOOSE'-WING (goos'-wing), n. In seamen's language, a name given to the clews or lower corners of a foresail or mainsail when the center or body of the sail is furled. — Totten. GOOSE'BER-RY, n. [D. kruisbes ; L. grosmla. The En- glish word is undoubtedly corrupted from crossberry, gross- berry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a prickly shrub, and the shrub itself, the ribes grossularia. GOOSE'BER-RY-FOOL, n.. A compound made of goose- berries scalded and pounded, with cream. — Goldsmith. GOOSE'CAP (goos'kap), n. A silly person. — Beaum. and Fl. GOOSE'FOOT (goos'fiit), n. An herb whose leaf is shaped like a goose's foot. GOOSE'GRXSS (goos'gras), n. An herb on which goese feed ; a species of bedstraw. GOOS'E-RY, n. A place for geese. Go'PHER, n. 1. The French popular name (Gaufres) of two species of rodents, mischievous burrowing quadru- peds found in the Mississippi Valley and on the Missouri, about the size of a squirrel. 2. [Heb.] A species of wood used by Noah in the construction of the ark. t GOP'PISH, a. Proud ; pettish.— Ray. GOR'-BEL-LI.ED, a. Big-bellied.— Shak. t GOR'-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly. GOR'-COCK, n. The moor-cock or red-grouse. GOR'-CRoW, n. The carrion-crow.— Johnson. GOR'-HEN, n. The female of the gor-cock. t GORCE> n. [Norm., Fr. gors.] A pool of water to keep fish in ; a weir. GORD, n. An instrument of gaming ; a sort ef dice.— Smart. GOR'DI-AN, a. Intricate. — Gordian knot, in antiquity, a knot in the leather or harn.ess of Gordius, a king of Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding where it began or ended. Alexander cut it with his sword. Hence, to out the Gordian knot, is to remove a difficulty by violence. GoRE, n. [Sax. gor.] 1. Blood ; but generally, thick or clotted blood. 2. Dirt; mud; [unusual] GoRE, n. [Scot, gore, or gair.] 1. A wedge-shaped or tri- angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment to widen it in any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land. — 3. In her- aldry, an abatement denoting a coward. GoRE, v. t. [W.gyrn.] 1. To stab ; to pierce ; to penetrate with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce with the point of a horn. 3. To cut in a triangular form ; to piece with a gore. G5R.ED, pp. or a. Stabbed ; pierced w'th a pointed instru- ment ; cut in the form of a gore ; furnished with a core. GORGE (gorj), n. [Fr. gorge ; It. gorga.] 1. The throat the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to I the stomach. 2. A narrow passage between hills or mount 06 VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;- AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete GOS 458 aim. S. 'n architect! re, a concave molding, the cavetto, whlet see.— A. In fa. lifkaHon, the entrance into a bastion or other outwork. 5. That which is gorged or swallowed. GORGf (gorj), v. t. 1. To swallow ; to swallow with greed- iness. 2. To glut ; to till the throat or stomach ; to satiate. GORGE, v. i. To feed.— Milton. GOP.GLD, pp. Swallowed; glutted. GORGED, a. 1. Having a gorge or throat. — 2. In heraldry, bearing a crown or the like about the neck. GOR'GEOLS (gorjus), a. Showy; fine; splendid; glitter- ing with gay colors. GOR'&EOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence ; splen- didly ; finely. GOR'gEOUS-NESS, n. Show of dress or ornament ; splen- dor of raiment. GOR'GET (gor'jet), n. [Fr. gorgette.] 1. A piece of armor for defending the throat or neck ; a kind of breast-plate like a half moon. 2. A pendent metallic ornament worn by officers when on duty ; [Eng.] Campbell's Mil. Diet. — 3. Formerly, a ruff worn by females. — 4. In surgery, gor- get, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used in lithotomy. GORG'ING, ppr. Swallowing; eating greedily ; glutting. GOR'GON, u. [Gr.] 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect, the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any thing very ugly or horrid. GOR'GON. a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific. GOR-Go'NE-AN, \ a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gorgons. GOR-Go'NI-AN, 5 —Milton. GOR-GO-NE'IA, n. pi. In architectural sculpture, masks carved in imitation of Medusa's head ; used as keystones. — Elmes. GOR.-Go'NI-A, n. pi. A family of flexible coral zoophytes, growing in the form of shrubs, twigs, and reticulate fronds. — Dana. GoR'ING, ppr. [from ^ore.] Stabbing ; piercing. GoRTNG, n. A pricking ; puncture. — Dry den. GGR'MAND, }u. [Fr. gourmand; W. gormant.] A GOR'MAND-ER, > greedy or ravenous eater ; a glutton. GOR'MAND. a. Gluttonous ; voracious. GORMAND-ISM, n. Gluttonry. GOR'MAND-lZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora- ciously. — Shah. fGOR'MAND-IZE, n. Voraciousness. GOR'MAND-lZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater. GOR'MAND-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Eating greedily and vora- ciously. GOR'MAND-lZ-ING, n. The act or habit of earing greedily and voraciously. GORSE, \ n. [Sax. gorst.] Furze, or whin, a thick, prickly GORSS, ( , shrub, with yellow flowers, of the genus ulcx. G5RT, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2. Bloody ; murderous. — Shak. GOS'HAWK, n. [Sax. goshafoc] A voracious bird of the hawk family. GOS'LING, n. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose ; a goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and pines. GOSTEL, n. [Sax. godspcll ; god, good, and spell, history.] 1. A revelation of the grace of God to fallen man through a Mediator. 2. A histoiy or narrative of the birth, life, actions, death, resurrection, ascension, and doctrines of Jesus Christ. 3. Divinity; theology. — Milton. 4. Any general doctrine. — Burke. GOSTEL, a. Accordant with the Gospel ; as, Gospel righte- eousness. — Warburton. GOSTEL, v. t. To instruct in the Gospel ; or to fill with sentiments of religion. — Shak. GOS'PEL-GOS'SIP, u. One who is over-zealous in running about among bis neighbors to lecture on religious subjects. Addison. GOSTF.L.ED, pp. Evangelized ; instructed in the Gospel. GOS'PEL-ER, n. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of Wic- lif ; {Utile used.] 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar. GOS'PEL-ING, ppr. Instructing in the Gospel. f GOSTEL-iZE, v. t. 1. To form according to the Gospel. — Milton. 2. To instruct in the .Gospel ; to evangelize. — Boyh ; \obs.] GOSS, n. A kind of low furze or gorse. — SJiak. GOS'SA-MER, n. [L. gossipium.] A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. GOS'SA-MER- Y, a. Like gossamer ; flimsy ; unsubstantial. — Pursuits of Literature. GOSSIP, n. [Sax. godsibb.] 1. A sponser ; one who an- swers for a child in baptism ; [obs.] 2. A tippling com- panion.— Shak. 3. One who runs from house to house, tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A friend or neighbor ; [obs.] 5. Mere tattle ; idle talk. GOS'SIP, v. i. 1. To prate ; to chat; to talk much.— Shak. 2. To be a pot-companion. — Shak. 3. To run about and tattle ; to tell idle tales. GOS'SIP-LIKE, a. Like a gossip. GOSS1P-1NG, ppr. or a. Prating; chatting; running from place to place and tattling ; containing gossip. GOV A prating; a running about to coUecv GOS'SIP-ING, n. tales and tattle. t GOS'SIP-RED, n. Compaternity ; spiritual affinity, for which a juror might be challenged, t GOSSOON', n. [Fr. garcon.] A boy ; a servant. GOS'TLNG. ii. An herb.— Ainsworth. GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced got, is nearly obsolete. got™, } pp- o{ # et GoTE, n. A water passage ; a channel for water. — Grose. GOTH, n. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or un- civilized ; a barbarian. — Addison. 3. A rude, ignorant person. — Chesterfield. Go'THAM-IST, n. A wiseacre ; a person deficient in wis- dom, so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, noted for somepleasant blunders. — Bp. Morton. Go'THAM-iTE, n. A term sportively applied to the inhab- itants of New York. GOTHIC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Denoting a style of architecture with high and sharply-pointed arches, clustered columns. &c. 3. Rude ; ancient. 4. Barbarous. GOTH'IC, n. The language of the Goths. GOTH'I-CISM, n. 1. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness. 2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the Gothic style of building._ GOTH'I-ClZE, v. t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar- barism. — Strutt. GOTH'1-CIZ.ED, pp. Made Gothic ; brought back to bar- barism. t GOUD, n. Woad. * GOUGE (gowj. In most English authorities, gooj), n. [Fr. gouge.] A semicircular chisel, used to cut holes, channels, or grooves in wood or stone. GOUGE (gowj)7 v. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; [a barbarous practice. America.] GOUg£D (goujd), pp. Scooped out, as with a gouge. GOUGING, ii. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or of forcing out the eye with the thumb or finger. See Gouge. GOU'JEERS, n. [Fr. gouge, a camp trull] The venereal disease. — Shak. GoU'LAND. n. A plant or flower. — Ben Jonson. GoU-LaRD'S' EXTRACT. [So called from the inventor.] A saturated solution of the trisacetate of lead, used as a remedy for inflammation. * GoURD, n. [Fr. cotirge.] A well-known plant and ita fruit, the shell of which is often used to dip or hold liq.- uids. GoURD'-TREE, n. A tree, the crescentia. GOURD'I-NESS, n. A swelling on a horse's leg. GOURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs. GOUR'MaND (goor-), n. [Fr.] A ravenous eater ; a glutton GOUR'NET, n. A fish. See Gurnet. GOUT, n. [Fr. goutte.] 1. A chronic disease occurring by paroxysms, and consisting in a peculiar topical inflamma- tion, having its regular seat in the largest joint of the great toe, but sometimes transferred to other parts of the body, particularly the stomach. It is often periodical or inter- mitting. 2. A clot or coagulation ; as, " on the blade of the dudgeon gouts of blood." — Shak. ; [not used.] G5UT (goo), ii. [Fr., from L. gustus.] Taste ; relish. GOUT'-SWELL£D, a. Swelled with the gout. GOUT'I-LY, adv. In a gouty manner. GOUT'I-NESS, ii. The state of being subject to the gout , gouty affections. GOUT W6RT, n. ■ A plant, the cegopodium. GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to tho gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ; [obs.] G5VE, ii. A mow.— Tusser. GoVE, v. t. To mow ; to put in a gove, goff, or mow. — Tusser. GOVERN (guv'ern), v. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by authority ; to keep within the limits prescribed ; to sway. 2. To regulate ; to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; to restrain ; to keep in due subjection ; to command, as the feelings. 4. To dir2ct ; to ' steer ; to regulate the course or motion of a ship.— 5. In grammar, to require to be in a particular case. G6VERN, v. i. l. To exercise authority ; to administer the laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the control G6VERN-A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient ; sub missive to law or rule. — Locke. G6VERN-ANCE, n. Government ; exercise of authority , direction : control ; management. — Shak. 'G6VERN-ANTE. n. [Fr. gouvernante.] A lady who has the care and management of young females ; a gc rernesa G6 VERNjETJ, pp. Directed; regulated by * ithoiiy; con trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained. G6VERN-ESS, n. A female invested with authority to con. See Synopsis. A, K, I, &c. long.- X, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PRE Y :— MARINE, Lt^F .— Mo V E, BOOK, GJRA 459 GRA trol and direct ; a tutoress ; an instructress ; a woman who has the care of instructing and directing young ladies. G6VERN-ING, ppr. 1. Directing ; controlling ; regulating by laws or edicts ; managing ; influencing ; restraining. 2. a. Holding the superiority ; prevalent. 3. Directing ; controlling ; as, a governing motive. G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Direction ; regulation ; rule ; guid- ance, as of one's own actions. 2. Control ; restraint, as of temper or feelings. 3. The exercise of authority ; di- rection and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; the administration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of authority by a parent or householder. 5. The system of polity in a state ; that form of fundamental rules and prin- ciples by which a nation or state is governed. 6. An em- pire, kingdom, or state ; any territory over which the right of sovereignty is extended. 7. The right of govern- ing or administering the laws. 8. The persons or coun- cil which administer the laws of a kingdom or state ; ex- ecutive power. 9. Manageableness ; compliance ; obse- quiousness. — Shak. 10. Regularity of behavior; [obs.] 11. Management of the limbs or body; [obs.] — 12. In grammar, the influence of a word in regard to construc- tion, as when established usage requires that one word should cause another to be in a particular case or mode. G6V-ERN-MENTAL, a. Pertaining to government ; made by government. — Hamilton. G6VERN-OR, n. 1. He who governs, rules, or directs ; one invested with supreme authority ; a ruler. 2. One who is invested with supreme authority to administer or en- force the laws, as of a state or country. 3. A tutor ; one who has the care of a young man. 4. A pilot ; one who steers a ship. 5. One possessing delegated authority. — 6. In mechanics, a pair of heavy balls connected with machin- ery, designed to equalize its speed. G6VERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of bellis or daisy. GOWK. See Gawk. t GOWK, v. t. To stupefy.— Ben Jonson. f GOWL, v. i. [Icel. goela.] To howl.— WicMiffe. GOWN, n. [W. gwn.] 1. A woman's upper garment. 2. A long, loose, upper garment or robe, worn by profession- al men, as divines, students, / are.] 1. To hon- or with a degree or diploma, in a college or university; to confer a degree on 2. To divide anf space into small D6VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vr'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. GRA 460 GRA regu u nervals ; as, to graduate an instrument into de- res or inches. 3. To form shades or nice differences. I o ra.se to a higher place in the scale of metals. — Boyle. 5. To advance by degrees ; to improve, as colors. — Brown. 6. To temper ; to prepare. — Med. Repos. 7. To mark de- 3es or differences of any kind. — 8. In chemistry, to bring grees or differences oi any fluids to a certain degree of consistency. GRAD'U-aTE, v. i. l."To receive a degree from a college or university. — Gilpin. 2. To pass by degrees ; to change gradually. — Kirwan. GRAD'U-ATE. n. One who has received a degree in a col lege or university, or from some professional incorporated society. GRADTJ-I-TED, pp. or a. 1. Honored with a degree or di- ploma from some learned society or college. 2. Marked with degrees or regular intervals ; tempered. GRADUATE-SHIP, n. The state of a graduate. GRAD'U-a-TING, ppr. Honoring with °a degree ; marking with degrees. GRAD-U-a'TION, n. 1. Regular progression by succession of degrees. 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. — Brown. 3. The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees. 4. A division of any space into small, regular intervals ; as, the graduation of a barometer. 5. The pi ocess of bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation. GRAD'U-A-TOR, n. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals. GRa'DUS, n. [L.l A dictionaiy of prosody. GR^FF, n. [See Grave.] A ditch or moat — Clarendon. t GRaFF, superseded by graft. GRAF'FER n. A notary or scrivener. — Bouvier. GRAFT, n. [Fr. greffe.] A small shoot or cion of a tree, in- serted in another tree as the stock which is to support and nourish it GRIFT, v. t. [Fr. greffer.] 1. To insert a cion or shoot, or a small cutting of it, into another tree. 2. To propagate by insertion or inoculation. 3. To insert in a body to which it did not originally belong. 4. To impregnate with a foreign branch. — Shak. 5. To join one thing to another so as to receive support from it. — Pope. GRXFT, v. i. To practice the insertion ot foreign cions on a stock. GRaFT'ED, pp. or a. Inserted on a foreign stock. GRaFT'ER n. One who inserts cions onToreign stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting. GRAFTING, ppr. Inserting cions on different stocks. GRAFTING, n. The act of inserting grafts or cions. GRaIL, n. [L. graduate.] A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church ; a gradual. — Warton. GRaIL, n. [Fr. grele.] Small particles of any kind. GRaIN, re. [Fr. grain; L. granum.] 1. Any small hard mass, as of sand. 2. A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or beast — 3. Gram, without a definitive, signifies corn in general, as wheat rye, barley, oats, and maize. 4. A minute particle. 5. A small weight or the smallest weight ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the 6cruple in apothecaries' weight, and the twenty-fourth of a penny-weight troy. 6. A component part of stones and metals. 7. The veins or fibres of wood or other fibrous substances ; the direction of the fibres. Hence, figurative- ly, crossed-grained and against the grain ; i. e.. against the natural temper or feelings ; [see No. 13.] 8. The body or substance of wood as modified by the fibres. 9. A rough or fibrous texture on the outside of the skin of animals. 10. The body or substance of a thing, considered with re- spect to the size, form, or direction of the constituent par- ticks. 11. Any thing proverbially small ; a very small particle or portion, as of feeling. 12. Dye or tincture ; as, a robe of the darkest grain.— Milton. 13. The heart or temper ; as, united in grain. 14. The form of the sur- face of any thing, with respect to smoothness or rough- ness ; state of the grit of any body composed of grains. 15. A tine, prong, or spike. Ray.— A grain of allowance, a small allowance or indulgence. Watts. — To dye in grain, is to dye in the raw material. fGRIIN, v. i. To yield fruit — Gower. fgRAN N E,} for ^-- GRaIN, v. t. 1. To paint in imitation of the grain or fibres of wood. 2. To form into grains, as powder. GRaIN'-MOTH, n. An insect whose larvee or grubs devour grain in the store-house. GRaIN .ED, pp. or a. Painted in imitation of the grain of wood ; formed into grains ; roughened. GRlINiD, a. 1. Rough ; made less smooth. — Shak. 2. Dyed in grain ; ingrained. — Brown. GRllNEfL n. 1. A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeon's dung in water ; used by tanners. — Ure. 2. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood. GRAINING, ppr. Painting in imitation of the grain of wood ; forming into grains. GRaIN'ING, n. A kind of painting in imitation of the g ain or fibres of wood. GRaIN'ING, n. 1. Indentation. 2. A fish allied to the dace. GRaINS, n. pi. The husks or remains of malt after brew ing, or of any grain after distillation. — Grains of paradise, a very pungent Indian spice. GR a IN'STaP F, h. A quarter-staff. GRaIN' Y, a. Fuil of grains or corn ; full of kernels. GR.IITH, »i t. To prepare. See Greith. GRAL'LjE, 7i.pl. [L.] Wading birds. See Geai*,ig. GRAL-LA-To'RI-AL, \a. [L.grallatorius.] A term denoting GRAL'LA-TO-RY, 5 birds which are waders, havteg long, naked legs. GRAL'LIC, a. [L. grallce.] Stilted; an epithet given to an order of birds having long, naked legs, adapted to wad g. t GRAM, a. [Sax. gram.] Angry. GRAM, } n. [Fr. gramme; Gr. ypanna.] In the Then >js- GRAMME, ) tern of French icciglus. the unity of weights, being about 15| grains troy, or ^j dram avoirdupois [It is desirableihat this word should be anglicized, urr,m-.\ GRAM'A-RyE, u. The art of necromancy. — Walter Scott. t GRA-MER'CY, for Fr. grand-merci. great thanks. An in- terjection formerly used to express thankfulness with sur- prise. GRA-MIN'E-AL, \a. [L. gramineus.] Grassy ; like or per- GRA-MIN'E-OTJS, 5 taining to grass. GRAM-IN-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Bearing leaves like grass. GRAM-IN-lV'O-ROUS, a. [L. gramen and voro.] Feeding or subsisting on glass. GRAM'MAR. n. [Fr. grammaire ; L. grammatim ; Gr. ; pap- nartKij.] 1. The art of speaking or wilting a \.-r.^<---,'^e with propriety or correctness. 2. A system of general principles and of particular rules for speaking of writing a language. 3. Propriety of speech. t GRAM'MAR v. i. To discourse according to the rules of grammar. GRAM'MAR. a. Belonging to grammar. GRAM'MAR-SGHOOL (-skool), n. A school in which rhe learned languages are taught, i. e., Latin and Greek. . GRAM-Ma'RI-AN. n. 1. One versed in grammar, or the consfruction of languages ; a philologist 2. One who teaches grammar. GRAMMAR- L ESS. a. Destitute of grammar . GRAM-MAT'IC. a. Pertaining to grammar.— Milton. GRAM-MAT'IC-AL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to grammar. 2. According to the rules of grammar. GRAM-MATIC-AL-LY. adv. According to the principles and rules of grammar. GRAM-MATIC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being grammat- ical. GRAM-MAT'I€-AS-TER n. [L.] A low grammarian ; a pretender to a knowledge of grammar; a pedant GRAM-MAT'I-CTZE. v. t. To render grammatical— Johnson. GRAM-MAT'1-ClZ.ED, pp. Rendered grammatical GRAM'MA TIST. u. A pretender to a knowledge of gram- mar. — H. Tooke. GRAM'MA-TlTE. See Tremolite. GRAMTLE, n. A crab-fish. GRAM'PUS, n. [Fr. grampoise.] A large fish of the cetaceous order, and genus delphiu us. It is very active and voracious. GRA-NXDEO „ GRA-Na'Do!) *e Grenade. GRAN-A-DIL'LA, n. [Sp.] The fruit of a twining plant, the passifiora quadrangularis, which is sometimes as large as a child's head, and much esteemed as a dessert in tropi- cal countries. — P. Cyc. * GRAN'A-RY, n. [L. gravarium.'] A store-house or reposi- tory of grain after it is thrashed ; a corn-house. GRAN'ATE. n. Usually written garnet, which see. GRAN'A-TTTE. Sec Grenatite. GRAND, a, [Ft. grand; Sp. and It. graiide ; L. gremdis.] 1. Great ; but mostly in a figurative sense : illustrious ; high in power or dignity ; as, a grand lord. 2. Great ; splendid; magnificent; as, a grand design. 3. Great: principals chief; as, grand adversary. 4. Conceived or expressed with great dignity ; as, a grand idea. 5. Old ; more ad- vanced; as, grandfather, &c. ; and so to correspond with {Ms, grandchild, &c. — Syn. Eminent; majestic: dignified; stately ; august ; pompous ; lofty ; elevated ; exalted ; sublime ; noble. GRAND-Ju'ROR, ?i. One of a grand jury. In Connecticut- cm informing officer. GRAND-Ju'RY, n. [grand and*, jury.] A jury whose duty is to examine into the grounds of accusation against of fenders, and, if they see"just cause, then to find bills of in dictment against them, to be presented to the court. GRAND-NEPH'EW, n. The grandson cf a brother t r s : >ter GRAND-SEIGN'IOR, n. The sovereign or sultan ol'Turtey. GRAND-VIZ'IER (-vizh'yer), n. The chief minister cf the Turkish Empire ; the same as vizier. GRANT) AM, n. 1. Grandmother. 2. An old w miau — Dry den,. GRAND'CHILD, n. A son's or dauahtei » child. See Synopsis. I, £. I, &c. long.— X, E, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARiiNE, BIRD . WJ3Y * BOOK GKA 461 URA GRAND-DAUGHTER (daw'ter), re. The daughter of a eon or daughter. GRAN-DEE', n. [Sp. grande.] A nobleman; a man of ele- vated rank or station. GRAN-DEE'SHIP, n. The rank or estate of a grandee. GRAND'EUR (grand'yur), re. [Fr.J 1. In a general sense, greatness ; that quality or combination of qualities in an object which elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable « -motions in him who views or contemplates it. '2. Splendor of appearance ; state ; magnificence. 3. Elevation of thought, sentiment, or expression. 4. Ele- vation of mien, or air and deportment. — Syn. Majesty; sublimity ; stateliness ; augustness ; loftiness. t GRAN-DE VI-TY, n. Great age. t GR AN-DF;'VOUS, a. Of great age. GRAND'Fa-THER, n. A father's or mother's father. \ GRAN-DIF'IC, a. [L. grandis nndfacio.] Making great GRAN-DIL'O-QUENCE, re. Lofty speaking. GRAN-DIL'O-QUENT, a. [L. grandiloquens.] Pompous; bombastic. GRAN-DIL'O-QUOUS, a. [L. grandiloquus.] Speaking in a lofty style. GRAN'DI-NOUS, a. [L. grando.] Consisting of hail. f GRAND'I-TY, n. Greatness ; magnificence. — Gamden. GRAND'LY, adv. In a lofty manner ; splendidly; sublimely. GRAND'MOTII-ER (-mufh-er), re. The mother of one's father or mother. GRAND'NESS, n. Grandeur ; greatness with beauty ; mag- nificence. — Wollaston. GRAND'NiECE (-nees), re. The granddaughter of a brother or sistei\ GRAND'SlRE, re. 1. A grandfather. — 2. In poetry and rhet- oric, any ancestor. — Dryden. GRAND'SoN (-sun), re. The son of a son or daughter. GRaNgE (granj), re- [Fr. grange.] A farm, with the build- ings., stables, a grandmother. [Vulgar.] GRANT, v. t. [Norm, granter.] 1. To admit as true what is not proved; to allow; to yield; to concede. 2. To give; to bestow or confer on without compensation, in answer to request. 3. To transfer the title of a tiling to another, for a good or valuable consideration ; to convey by deed or writing ; to cede. GRANT, n. 1. The act of granting ; a bestowing or confer- ring. 2. The thing granted or bestowed. — 3. In law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as can not pass or be transferred by word only, as land, * SS'-F L A.DE. ra. A blade of grass. GRAS-Sa HON, re. [L. grassatio.] A wandering about. [Little used.} GR.SSS'GREEN, a. 1. Green with grass. — SJienstone. 2. Dark-green, like the color of grass. GRiSSS'GRoWN, a. Overgrown with grass. GRISS'HOP-PER, n. [grass and hop.] An insect that lives among grass, a species of gryllus. GRaSS'I-NESS, n. [from grassy.] The state of abounding with grass ; a grassy state. GRaSS'LESS, a. Destitute of grass. GRaSS'PLOT, n. A level spot covered with grass. GRaSSTOL-Y, n. A plant, a species of lythrum. GRXSS'VETCH. n. A plant of the genus lathyrus. GRASSWRACK (-rak), n. A plant, the zostera. GRASSY, a. 1. Covered with grass ; abounding with grass. 2. Resembling grass ; green. GRaTE, n. [It. grata.] 1. A work or frame, composed of parallel or cross bars, with interstices ; a kind of lattice- work, used for doors, windows, &c. 2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding coals used as fuel. GRaTE, v. t. To furnish with grates ; to make fast with cross bars. GRaTE, v. t. [Fr. gratter.] 1. To rub, as a body with a rough surface against another body ; to rub one thing against another. 2. To wear away in small particles, by rubbing with any thing rough or indented. 3. To offend ; to fret ; to vex ; to irritate ; to mortify. 4. To make a harsh sound, by rubbing on the friction of rough bodies. GRaTE, v. i. 1. To rub hard, so as to offend ; to offend by oppression or importunity. 2. To make a harsh sound by the friction of rough bodies. f GRaTE, a. [L. gratus.] Agreeable. GRaTED, pp. or a. 1. Rubbed harshly ; worn off by rub- bing. 2. Furnished with a grate. GRITE'FUL, a. [from L. gratus. See Ghace.] 1. Having a due sense of benefits ; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received ; walling to acknowledge and repay benefits ; as, a grateful son. 2. Awakening a pleasurable emotion ; as, a grateful reception. 3. Afford- ing pleasure to the senses ; as, a grateful odor. — Syn. Thankful ; pleasing ; acceptable ; gratifying ; agreeable ; welcome ; deUffhtful ; delicious. 1RaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With a due sense of benefits or favors ; In a manner that disposes to kindness, in return for favors : thankfully. 2. In a pleasing manner. 'iRITE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being grateful ; gratitude. 2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant to the mind or to the taste. GRaT'ER, n. An instrument or utensil with a rough, in- dented surface, for rubbing off small particles of a body. GRA-TI-S-U-L I'TION, n. The division of a design or draught into squares, for the purpose of reducing it to smaller di- mensions. — Gwilt. GRAT-I-F1-CITION, n. [L. gratification 1. The act of pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite. 2. That which affords pleasure or enjoyment; satisfaction; delight. _ 3. Reward ; recompense. — Morton. GRATI-FI.ED, pp. or a. Pleased ; indulged according to de- sire. GRATl-Fl-ER, n. One who gratifies or pleases. GRAT'I-FY, v. t. [L. gratificor.] 1. To please; to give pleasure to ; to indulge. 2. To delight ; to please ; to hu- mor ; to soothe ; to satisfy ; to indulge to satisfaction. 3. To requite ; to recompense. GRATI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Pleasing ; indulging to satisfaction. 2._a. Giving pleasure ; affording satisfaction. GRaTTNG, ppr. 1. Rubbing ; wearing oft" in particles. 2. a._ Fretting; irritating; harsh. GRaTING, n. 1. A harsh sound or rubbing. 2. A partition of bars, or lattice-work of wood or iron ; a grate. 3. An open cover for the hatches of a ship, resembling lattice- work ; [usually in the plural.] GRaTTNG-LY, adv. Harshly ; offensively ; in a manner to irritate. GRa'TIS, adv. [L.] For nothing; freely; without recom- pense. GRAT1-TUDE, n. [L. gratitudo.] An emotion of the heart, excited by a favor or benefit received; a sentiment of kindness or good- will toward a benefactor ; thankfulness. GRA-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. gratukus.] 1. Free ; voluntary ; not required by justice ; granted without claim or merit 2. Asserted or taken without proof. GRA-Tul-TOUS-LY, adv. 1. Freely; voluntarily; without claim or merit ; without an equivalent or compensation. 2. Without proof. GRA-T01-TY, n. [Fr. gratuite.} 1. A free gift; a present; a donation ; that which is given without a compensation or equivalent 2. Something given in return for a favor ; an acknowledgment. GRATO-LITE, v. t. [L. gratulor.] 1. To express joy or pleasure to a person on account of his success, or the re- ception of some good ; to salute with declarations of joy; to congratulate. 2. To wish or express joy to. 3. To de- clare joy for ; to mention with joy. [Congratulate Is more used.] GRATU La-TED, pp. Addressed with expressions c-f joy. GRATU-La-TING, ppr. Addressing with expressions of joy, on account of some good received. GRAT-U-La'TION, n. [L. gratulatio.] An address or ex- pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re- ceived by nun ; congratulation. GRATU-LA-TO-RY, n. [L. gratulatio.] An address or ex- pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re- ceived by him ; congratulation. GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing gratulation ; congratu latory^ GRA-Va'MEN, n. [L.] In law, the grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action. — Bouvier. GRaVE, a final syllable, is a grove, Sax. grcef; or it is an officer, Ger. graf. GRaVE, v. t. ; pret graved ; pp. graven, or graved. [Fr. graver ; Sax. grafan.] 1. To carve or cut letters oi fig- ures on stone or other hard substance with a chisel or edged tool ; to engrave. 2. To carve ; to form or shape by cutting with a chisel. 3. To clean a ship's bottom, and cover it with pitch. 4. To entomb. — Shak. ; [unusual.] GRaVE, v. i. To carve ; to write or delineate on hard sub- stances ; to practice engraving. GRaVE. n. [Sax. grcef ; G. grab.] 1. The ditch, pit, or ex cavated place in which a dead human body is deposited ; a place for the corpse of a human being ; a sepulchre. 2. A tomb. 3. Any place where the dead are reposited ; a place of great slaughter or mortality. — 4. Figuratively, death or destruction. — 5. Graves, in the plural, sediment of tallow melted. — Brande. GRaVE, a. [Fr., Sp., It. grave.] 1. In music, low ; depressed ; opposed to sharp, acute, or high. 2. Having a character of seriousness and sobriety ; opposed to gay, light, or jovial. 3. Plain; not gay; not showy or tawdry. 4. Being of weight; of a serious character; as, a grave perform- ance. — 5. Being of importance or moment ; as, grave reasons. — Syn. Solemn ; sober ; serious ; sage ; staid ; demure ; thoughtful ; sedate ; weighty ; momentous ; im- portant. GRIVE'-€LOD, n. Clod of a grave. GRaVE'-CLoTHES, n. pi. The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred. GRaVE'-DIG-GER, n. One whose occupation is to dig graves. GRIVE'-LOOK-ING, a. Appearing grave. GRIVE'-MaK-ER n. A grave-digger.— Shak. GRIVE'-ROB-BER, n. One who robs a grave. GRaVE'-ROB-BING, n. A robbing of the"grave. GRaVE'-SToNE, n. A stone laid over a grave, or erected near it as a monument GRaVE'-YaRD, n. A place set apart for the burial of the dead ; a burying-ground. GRAVED, pp. Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship. GRAVEL, n. [Fr. gravclle.] 1. Small stones or fragments of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles of sand, but often intermi x ed with them. — 2. In medicine, a disease produced by small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder. GRAVEL, v. t. 1. To cover with gravel. 2. To stick in the sand. — Camden. 3. To puzzle ; to stop ; to embarrass. — Prior. 4. To hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe. GRAVEL-WALK (-wawk), n. A walk or alley covered with gravel, which makes a hard and dry bottom. GRAVELED, pp. or a. Covered wdth gravel ; stopped ; embarrassed ; injured by gravel. GRIVE'LESS, a. Without a grave ; unburied. GRAVEL-ING, ppr. Covering with gravel ; embarrassing ; hurting the feet as of a horse. GRAVEL-ING, n. The act of covering with gravel. GRAVEL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel ; consisting of gravel GRaVE'LY, adv. 1. In a grave, solemn manner ; soberly ; seriously. 2. Without gaudiness or show. GRa-VE-MEN'TE. [It] In a grave or weighty manner. See Grave. GRIVE'NESS, n. Seriousness ; solemnity ; sobriety of be- havior ; gravity of manners or discourse. GRa/VE-O-LENCE, n. [L. gravis and oleo.] A strong and offensive smell. GRa'VE-O-LENT, a. Having a strong odor. GRaVER, n. 1. One who carves or engraves -, a sculptor. 2. An engraving-tool ; an instrument for graving. GRAVID, a. [L. gravidus.] Pregnant; being with chLd- t GRAVID-A-TED, a. Made pregnant ; big.— Barrow. t GRAV-ID-A'TION, n. Pregnancy.— Pearson. GRA-VID'I-TY, n. Pregnancy.— Arluthnot. GRA-VIM'E-TER, n. [L. gravis, and Gr. fierpov.] An instru- ment for ascertaining the specific gravity of bod« rent in the earth.— Dryden. 2. An artificial ornamented cave, for coolness and refreshment. Grotxc is now disused. GRO-TESQUE' (gro-tesk'), a. [Fr. grotesque ; Sp.. Port, gru- tesco.] Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extravagant ; of ir- regular forms and proportions ; ludicrous ; antic ; a term derived from the fanciful ornaments found in the subter- ranean chambers of ancient Roman ruins, called by the Italians grottoes. GRO-TESQUE' (gro-tesk'), n. 1. Whimsical figures or seen ery. 2. Artificial grotto-work.— Brande. GRO-TESQUE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner. GRO-TESQUE'NESS, n. State of being grotesque. GROUND, n. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The surface of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to the materials which compose it. 2. Region ; territory ; as, on American ground. 3. Land; estate; possession. A. The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement. 5. Foun- dation; that which supports any thing, as of an argument. 6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason or original prin- ciple. 7. First principles.— 8. In painting, that which is first put on the surface on which a figure or object is rep- resented. — 9. In manufactures, the principal color, tc which others are considered as ornamental. — 10. Grounds, plural, the bottom of liquors ; dregs ; lees ; feces ; as. coffee grounds. The term grounds is also used, in architecture, to denote pieces of wood flush with the plastering, to which moldings, &c, are attached. — Brande. 11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are raised. Shak. — 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or place of action ; as, battle ground. — 14. In music, the name given to a composition in which the base, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a con- tinually varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing off; [obs.] 16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. Ben Joiison. — To gain ground. 1. To advance; to proceed forward in conflict. Hence, to be more or less successful. 2. To gain credit ; to prevail.— To lose ground. 1. To retire ; to retreat, as in battle. Hence, to be more or less unsuccess- ful. 2. To lose credit ; to decline.— To give ground, to re- cede ; to yield advantage. — To get ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used. GROUND, v. t. 1. To lay or set on the ground. 2. To found ; to rest or base ; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason, or principle. 3. To settle in first principles •, to fix firmly. GROUND, v. i. To run aground ; to strike the bottom and remain fixed, as a ship. GROUND, pret. and pp. or a., from grind. GROUND'-AN"GLING, n. Fishing without a float, with a weight placed a few inches from the hook. GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash; a young shoot from the stump of an ash. — Mortimer. GROUND'-BaIT. n. Bait consisting of balls of boiled bar- ley, al3 GRLN1 ^G-LY wood. GRUIST'LE, v. i GRUNT'LING, n Tbr» guttural sound cf swine and other an- adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly. — Sher- To grunt. [Not much used.] A young hog. GRUTCH. irx grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used. GRy, n. [Gr. yf)v.] 1. A measure containing one tenth of a line. 2. Any thing very small or of little value ; [little used.] G R YPH'lTE, 7i.' [L. gryphites.] Crowstone, a fossil bivalve shell, having a hooked beak. GUA-CHa'RO-BiRD, n. A nocturnal bird, of South Amer- ica,_feeding on hard fruits, and valued for its fat. — Humboldt. GUa'IA-CUM (gwa'ya-kum). n. 1. Lignum vita, or pox- wood, a tree produced in the warm climates of America. 2. The resin of this tree, much used in medicine, and sometimes called guaiac. GUANA, n. A species of lizard found in America. GUA-Na'GO, n. The name of a South American quadruped, of the genus to which the lama belongs. GUA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. Yielding guano.— Ure. GUa'NO, n. A rich manure, composed chiefly of the excre- ments of sea-fowls, and brought from the South American and African coasts. GUa'RA, n. A bird of Brazil, the tantalus ruber. GUAR-AN-TEE' (gar-an-tee'), n. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or party, that the stipulations of covenant shall be observed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One who binds himself to see the stipulations of another performed. [This is becoming the prevalent spelling.] GUAR-AN-TEE' (gar-an-tee'), v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To warrant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that an- other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To undertake to secure to another, at all events. 3. To in- demnify ; to save harmless. GUAR'AN-TLm '' \ (gar'an-teed), pp. Warranted. GUAR-AN-TEE'ING, ppr. or a. Giving a guarantee. GUAR' AN -TOR. (gar'an-tor), n. A warrantor; one who en- gages to see that the stipulations of another are performed. GUAR/AN-TY (gar'an-ty), v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To war- rant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that another person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To un- dertake to secure to another, at all events. 3. To indem- nify ; to save harmless. GUAR'AN-TY (gar'an-ty), n. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or party, that the stipulations of covenant shall be observed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One who binds himself to see the stipulations of another performed. [Written, also, guarantee.] GUARD (gard), v. t. [Fr. garder.] 1. To secure against in- jury, loss, or attack ; to keep in safety. 2. To secure against objections or the attacks of malevolence. 3. To accompany, with a view to protection. 4. To adorn with lists, laces, or ornaments ; [obs.] 5. To gird ; to fasten by binding. Ben, Jonson. — Syn. To defend ; protect ; shield ; keep ; watch. GUaRD (gard), v. i. To watch by way of caution or de- fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or safety. G UaRD, n. [Fr. garde.] 1. Preservation or security against injury, loss, or attack. 2. That which secures against at- tack or injury ; that which defends. 3. A man or body of men occupied in preserving a person or place from attack or injury. 4. A state of caution or vigilance ; or the act of observing what passes, in order to prevent surprise or attack. 5. That which secures against objections or cen- sure ; caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword, which protects the hand. — 7. In fencing, a posture of de- fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem, or border ; [obs.] — Advanced-guard, or van-guard, in military affairs, a body of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army ■jr divisiou, to prevent surprise or give notice of danger. — Rcargua~d, a body of troops that march in the rear "of an army or division, for its protection.— Life-guard, a body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person of a prince or other officer.— The guards of a steam-boat are a widening of the deck by a frame-work of strong timbers, which curve out on each side to the water-wheel, and pro- tect it and the shaft against collision with wharfs and oth- er boats.— Syn. Defense ; shield ; protection ; safeguard ; convoy ; escort; care; attention; watch; heed. GUXRD'- Bo AT, n. A boat which keeps guard GUXRD'-CHaM-BER, n. A guard-room. GUaRD'-ROOM, 7i. A room for the accommodation of suards. IUaRD'-SHIP, n. A vessel of war appointed to superin- tend the marine affairs in a harbor. GUXRD'A-BLE, a. That may be protected. * GUXRD'AdE, n. Wardship.— Shak. GUARD'ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [obs.]— 2. In her- aldry, having the face turned toward the spectator. t GUaRD'ANT, n. A guardian.— Shak. GUaRD'ED, pp. 1. Defended; protected; accompanied by a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; circumspect. 3. Framed cr ut- tered with caution. GUARD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection. GUARD'ED-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection GUARD'ER, n. One who guards. GUARD'FUL, a. Wary; cautious. GUARD'I-AN, 7i. [Fr. gardien ; Sp. guardian.] I. A warden ; one who guards, preserves, or secures ; one to >vhom any thing is committed for care or protection. — 2. In law, one who' is chosen or appointed to take charge oi the estato and education of an orphan. — Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is intrusted during the vacancy of the see. GUaRD'I-AN, a. Protecting ; performing the office of a protector. t GUARD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. — Beaum. and Fl. GUARD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian ; protec- tion ; care ; watch. GUARDING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; seeming ; at tending for protection. GUARD'LESS, a. Without a guard or defense. GUARD'SHIP, 7i. Care ; protection. [Little used.] tGUA'RISH (ga'rish), v. t. [Fr. guerir.] To heai.— Spenser. GUa'RY-MiR'A-CLE (gwa're-mir'a-kl), n. [Corn, guare- mirkl] A miracle-play. GUA'VA, n. A tree of warm climates, and its fruit, which is about the size of a hen's egg, and makes a delicious jelly. t GU'BER-NITE, v. t. [L. gubcrno.] To govern. GU-BER-Na'TION, 72. [L. gubernatio.] Government ; rule ; direction. — Watts. [Little used.] GtJ'BER-NA-Ti'VE, a. Governing.— Chaucer. GU-BER-NA-To'RI-AL, a. [L. gubernator.] Pertaining to government, or to a governor. [Sometimes used in America.] GUDGEON (gud'jun), n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fresh- water fish, easily caught; and hence, 2. A person easily cheated or insnared. — ■Swift. 3. A bait; allurement. 4. An iron pin on which a wheel or shaft of a machine turns. — In a skip, a clamp on which the rudder turns. — Sea-gud- geon, the black goby, or rock-fish. GUe'BER, > n. [giaour, infidel.] A name given by the Mo- GUe'BRE, ) hammedans to the Persian fire-worshipers. In India they are called parsees. GUEL'DER-RoSE (gel'der-), n. See Gelder-rose. GUELF, ?(gwelf), n. The Gvelfs, so called from the name GUELPH, j of a family, composed a faction formerly, in Italy, opposed to the Ghibellines. t GUERDON (ger'don), n. [Fr.] A reward ; requital ; rec- omp en se . — Mil to n . t GUERDON, v. t. To reward.— Ben Jonson. t GUER'DON-A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward.— Sir G. Buck. GUERDONED, pp. Rewarded. tGUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed.— Chaucer. GUER-RIL'LA (gwer-rilla), n. or a. [Sp. little war.] A term applied to an irregular mode of carrying on war by the constant attacks of independent bands. It was adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular War. GUESS (ges), v. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To form an opinion without certain principles or means of knowledge. — Pope. 2. To judge or form an opinion from some reas- ons that render a thing probable, but fall short of suffi- cient evidence. 3. To hit upon by accident. 4. To be in- clined to believe. — Syn. To conjecture ; suppose ; sur mise ; suspect ; divine ; think ; imagine. GUESS, v. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random. GUESS, n. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evi- dence or grounds. — Dryden. GUESS'-RoPE. See Guest-rope. GUESS'-W6RK, n. Work performed at hazard, or by mere conjecture. GUESSED (gest),#p. Conjectured; divined. GUESS'ER., n. One who guesses; a conjecturer ; one who judges without certain knowledge. GUESSING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain evidence or grounds of opinion. GUESS'ING, n. The forming of conjectures. GUESS'ING-LY, adv. By way of conjecture. GUEST (gest), n. [Sax. gest.] 1. A stranger; one who comes from 'a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2. A visitor ; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house or at the table of another ; a visitant. t GUEST, v. i. To be entertained in the house or at the ta- ble of another. GUEST-CHaM-BER, n. An apartment appropriated to the entertainment of guests. GUEST'-RlTE, n. Office due to a guest.— Chapman. GUEST'-RoPE, \ n. A rope to tow with, or to uv\ke fast a GUESS'-RoPE, 5 boat.— Mar. Diet. GUESTWlSE, adv. In the manner of a guest. GUG'GLE. See Gurgle. GUHR (gur), n. A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in rocks. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, uyjj and (poptto.] The pedicel on which stands the ovary in certain flowers, as in the passion flower. GYP, 72. [Said to be a sportive application ofyvip, a vulture.] A cant name for a servant at Cambridge, England, as scout is used at Oxford, — Smart. t YT'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of the qualities of gypsum ; containing gypsum. 6YP-5IF'ER-OU8, a. Containing gypsum. iYP'SUM, re. [L.] Sulphate of lime, containing 21 per cent, of water. When white, fine-grained, and translucent, it constitutes alabaster. Gypsunfburned, to drive orf the wa- ter, and ground up, forms plaster of Paris.— Dana. GYTiAL, a. Whirling; moving in a circular form. GV'RITE, v. i. To revolve round a central point, as a tor- nado. — Redfield. GY'RATE, a. In botany, winding or going round, as in a circle. e. HABITU-AL-NESS, n. The state of being habitual. HA-BITU-iTE, v. t. [Fr. habituer.] 1. To accustom ; to make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle, as an inhabitant in a place. — Temple. HA-BITU-ATE, a. 1. Inveterate by custom.— Hammond. 2. Formed by habit. — Temple. HA-B1TU-X-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use. ilA-BFT'U-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and familiar by practice. HA-BIT-U-X'TION, n. The state of being habituated.— Duright. HAB1-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. habitado.] 1. Relation ; respect ; state with regard to something else.— South; [little used.] 2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual] 3. Cus- tomary manner or mode of life ; repetition of the same acts. 4. Custom ; habit. — Dryden. Ha'BLE, a. [L.habilis.] Fit; proper. — Spenser. See Able. HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random ; by chance ; with- out order or rule. — Hudibras. HABRO-NEME, a. [Gr. a 6poS, delicate, and vntxa, a thread.] In mineralogy, having the form of fine threads. HAC-I-EN'DA, n. [Sp.] An isolated farm or farm -house.— Stephens. HACK, v. t. [Sax. haccan; D. hakken.] 1. To cut irregular- ly and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by repeated strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with stops or catches ; to speak with hesitation. — Shak. HACK, n. A notch ; a cut.— Shak. HACK, n. 1. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much used in draught or in hard service : a worn-out horse ; any thing exposed to hire or used in common. 2. A coach or other carriage kept for hire. — H. More ; [from hackney.] — 3. jP^- uratively, a writer employed in the drudgery and details of book-making. 4. Hesitating or faltering speech. — More. 5. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local] HACK, a. Hired ; much used or worn, like a hired horse. HACK, v. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To cough ; to make an effort to raise phlegm. See Hawk. HACKBER-RY, n. An American tree with a tall, straight trunk, and grayish, unbroken bark, covered with asperi- ties unequally distributed over its surface. HACKED (hakt), pp. Chopped ; mangled ; coughed. HACK'E-RY, n. A street-cart in Bengal drawn by oxen. — Malcom. HACKING, ppr. 1. Chopping into small pieces ; mangling ; mauling ; coughing in a broken manner. 2. a. Short and interrupted ; as, a hacking cough. — Forby. HACK'LE (hakl), v. t. [G. hecheln.] 1. To separate the coarse part of flax or hemp from the fine by means of a hackle or hatcheL 2. To tear asunder. — Burke. HACK'LE, n. 1. An instrument with teeth for separating the coarse part of hemp or iiax from the fine : a hatchel ; [the latter word is used in the United States.] 2. Raw silk ; any flimsy substance unspun. 3. A fly for angling, dressed with feathers or silk. HACKLY, a. Rough ; broken as if hacked. — In mineralogy, having fine, short, and sharp points on the surface. HACKMA-TACK, n. The American larch, a very large tree, and highly prized for timber. HACKNEY (hak'ne), n. [Fr. haquenee : Sp. hacanea.] 1. A pad; a nag ; a pony. 2. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and often exposed in the streets of cities. The word is sometimes contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used or used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute. HACK7JEY, a. 1. Let out for hire ; devoted to common use. 2. Prostitute ; vicious for hire. 3. Much used ; com- mon ; trite. HACK'NEY, v. t. 1. To use much ; to practice in one thing ; to make trite_. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach. HACKNEY-CoACH, n. A coach for hire in cities, com- monly at stands in the street. HACKNEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives a hack- ney-coach. HACKNEYED (hak'nid), pp. or a. 1. Used much or in common ; worn out. 2. Practiced ; accustomed. HACKNEY-ING. ppr. Using much ; accustoming. HACKNEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages for hire. — Barret. UACKSTER, ii. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin. HACQUE-TON (hak'e-ton), n. [Fr. Iwqueton.] A stuffed jacket. HAD, pret. and pp. of have. See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, slwrt.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —MARINE, BIRD ; * J : HAD-I-WIST. A proverbial expression. Oh. that I haa hnown ! — Todd. i t HAD'DER, n. [G. heide.] Heath. See Heath. HAD'DOCK, n. [Ir. codog.] A sea-fish allied to the cod, and esteemed excellent food. HIDE, n. 1. Among miners, the steep descent ot a shaft; the descent of a hill. Toad.— 2. In mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of any mineral vein. Ha'DeS, n. [Gr-. aSrjS, qu. a negative, and ei5ui, to see.] The region of the dead ; the invisible world, or the grave. HADJ, n. The Mohammedan pilgrimage to Mecca. HjEC-Ce'I-T Y, n. [L. Iicec, this.] A word used by the school- men to denote the essence of individuality. — Smart. HAF'FLE, v. i. To speak unintelligibly ; to prevaricate. HiFT, n. [Sax. haft.] A handle ; that part of an instru- ment or vessel which is taken into the hand, as of a sword. HAFT, v. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle. t HaFT'ER, n. [W. hajiazv.] A caviler ; a wrangler. HAG, n. [Sax. hcegesse.] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A witch ; a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she-monster 4. A cartilaginous fish found in the bodies of fish, which feeds on their substance. 5. Appearances of light and fire on horses" manes or men's hair were formerly called hags HAG, v. t. 1. To harass ; to torment. — Butler. 2. To tire ; to weary with vexation. HAG'-BORN. a. Born of a hag or witch.— Shak. HAG-RID-D.EN, a. Afflicted with the nightmare. HAG'-SEED, 11. The descendant of a hag. — Shak. HAG'GARD, a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a ragged look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, lean ; meager ; rough ; having eyes sunk in their orbits ; ugly. 2. Wild or intractable ; disposed to break away from duty, like a haggard or refractory hawk.— Shak. HAG'GARD, n. 1. An untrained or refractory hawk which often broke away or flew oft". Hence, 2. Figuratively, any thins: wild or intractable. — Shak. 3. A hag. HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard. HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner ; with deformity. — Dryden. HAG'GED, a. Lean; ugly; like a hag. — Gray. HAG'GESS, }n. A pudding containing the entrails of a HAG'GIS, 5 sheep or lamb, chopped fine with herbs and suet, highly seasoned with leeks and spices, and boiled in the maw. — Perry. HAG'GISH. a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed ; ugly. HAG'GISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a hag. HAG'GLE, v. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to notch or cut in an unskillful manner ; to make rough by cutting ; to mangle. HAG'GLE, v. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate and cavil. See Higgle. HAG'GL ED, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough by cutting ; mangled. HAG'GLER, n. 1. One who haggles. 2. One who cavils, hesitates, and makes difficulty in bargaining. HAG'GLLNG, ppr. or a. Hacking; mangling ; caviling and hesitating in bargaining. HAG'GLING. n. The act of hesitating and malring difficulty in bargaining. HI'gI-aR-CHY, n. [Gr. ayioS and apxn-l The sacred gov- ernment ; government of holy orders of men. — Southey. Ha-gI-OGRA-PHA, n. pi [L., from Gr. ayios and yp<>0VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.- -€ as K ; (J as J ; g as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t Obsolete. HAM 474 HAN &i , J OfJ l This seems to belong to the family of -.all ; Ft daler j To cry out ; to exclaim with a loud voice ; t.v call to by name, or by the word halloo. — Sidney. I1AL-LOO', v. t. i. To encourage with shouts. 2. To chase with shouts. 3 To call or shout to. HAL-LOO'. An exclamation, used as a call to invite attention. HAL-LOOTNG, ppr. Crying out. HAL LOO'tNG, n. A loud outcry. — Smart. HAL'LoW, v. t. [Sax. haligan, or halgian.] L To make holy ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious use ; to sanctify. 2. To devote to holy or religious exer- cises ; to treat as sacred. 3. To reverence ; to honor as sacred. HAL'LoW7?D, pp. or a. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to religious exercises ; treated as sacred : reverenced. HAL'Lo W-EEN, n. The evening preceding All-Hallows' or All-Saints' day. [Scottish.] HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. or a. Setting apart for sacred purpo- ses ; consecrating ; devoting to religious exercises ; rev- erencing. HAL'LoW-MaS, 7i. The feast of All-Souls. HAL-Lu'CIN-aTE, v. i. [L. hallucinatus.] To stumble ; to blunder. HAL-LU-CIN-A'TION, n. [L. Jiallucinatio.] 1. Error; delu- sion. 2. A diseased state of mind, in which a person has a settled belief in the reality of things which have no ex- istence. HAL-Lu'CIN-A-TO-RY, a. Partaking of hallucination. HALM (hawm), n. [Sax. healm.] See Haum. Ha'LO, n. A name given to the circular or elliptical appear- ances surrounding the sun, moon, or other celestial body. HAL'O-gEN, n. [Gr. aXs and yewau).] A substance which, by combination with a metal, forms a haloid salt. HA-LOG'EN-OUS, a. Having the nature of halogen. HI'LOID, a. [Gr. aXs and £«5o?.] Resembling a salt. — In chemiMry, the term haloid salt is applied to binary com- pounds containing chlorine, iodine, and the allied ele- ments. Common salt, which is a chlorid of sodium, is a haloid salt. — Borzelius. fHALSE (hawls), n. [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. — Speuser. *HALSE, v. i. To embrace about the neck ; to adjure ; to greet. ) HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or tongue. — Carew. HALS'ER (haws'er), n. A large rope of a size between the cable and the tow-line. See Hawser. HALT, v. i. [Sax. healt.] 1. To stop in walking ; to hold ; [this sense is retained in military usage ; a3, Jialt !] 2. To limp ; that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesitate ; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do. 4. To fail ; to falter. HALT, v. t. To stop ; to cause to cease marching ; [a mili- tary term.] — Washington. HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame ; that is, holding or stopping in walking. HALT, n. 1. A stopping ; a stop in marching. 2. The act of limping. HALTED, pp. Stopped. HALTER, 7i. One who halts or limps. HALTER, n. [G. halter.] 1. A rope or strap and headstall for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hanging malefactors. 3. A strong cord or string. HALT'ER, v. t. To put a halter on. 2. To catch and hold, or to bind with a rope or cord. HALT'ERiSD, pp. Caught or bound with a rope. HALT'ER-lNG,£>pr. Putting on a halter ; catching ; binding. HALTING, ppr. or a. Stopping ; limping. HALTTNG. n. The act of stopping or faltering. HALT'ING-LY, adv. With limping ; slowly. HiLVE (hav), v. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal parts. HaLVSD, a. In botany, hemispherical ; covering one side ; placed on one side. HALVES (havz), n. ; pi. of half. Two equal parts of a thing. — To cry halves, is to claim an equal share. — To go halves, is to have an equal share. HALVING (hav'ing), ppr. Dividing into two equal parts. HAL'YARD, n. See Halliard. HAM. [Sax. ham, a house.] Our modern word home, [G. hcim.] It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as in Walt-luim, wood-house ; wait, a wood, and ham, a house. HAM, n. [Sax. ham.] 1. The inner or hind part of the knee ; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg of an animal. 2. The thigh of a beast, particularly of a hog, salted and dried in smoke. HAM'A-DRY-AD, ti. [Gr. ayta and 6pvs.] A wood nymph. Spectator. Ha'MATE, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked ; entangled. Ha'Ma-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks. Swift. fHAWBLE, v. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. EJaMES, n. pi. [G. kvmme.t.] Two pieces of wood or iron fastened to a horse's collar, to which the harness is attach ed, by which he draws. — Holloway. HaME'-SU€K.-.EN, n. In Scottish law, the violent seeking and invasion of a person in his own house. — Bouvicr. Ha'MITE, n. The fossil remains of a curved shell ; an ex tinct species of cephalopods. — Mantdl. HAM' LET, n. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hameau.] A small village ; a little cluster of houses in the country. HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country life. — Feltham. HAM'MER, n. [Sax. hamer.] 1. An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like. 2. A piece of steel covering the pan of a musket-lock. — Campbell's Mil. Diet. HAM'MER, v. t. 1. To beat with a hammer. 2. To form or forge with a hammer ; to shape by beating. 3. To work in the mind ; to contrive by intellectual labor. HAM'MER, v. i. 1. To work ; to be busy ; to labor in con- trivance. 2. To be working or in agitation. HAM'MER-BeAM, n. In Gothic architecture, a beam acting . as a tie at the feet of a pair of principal rafters, bi.t not ex- tending so as to connect the opposite sides. — Gwilt. HAM'MER-CLOTH, n. The cloth which covers a coach- box. — Pegge. HAM'MER-HaRD, n. Iron or steel hardened by hammer ing. — Moxon. HAM'MER-MAN, n. One who beats or works with a hammer. HAM'MER- W6RT, n. An herb.— Todd. HAM'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer. — Sherwood. HAM'MER_ED, pp. or a. Beaten with a hammer. HAM'MER-ER, n. One who works with a hammer. HAM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer ; working ; contriving. HAM'MER-ING, n. The act of beating with a hammer. HAM'MOCK, n. [Sp. hamaca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus- pended between trees or posts, or by hooks. HAM-MO-CHRY'SOS, n. [Gr. ap.)xoi and xpvcoS.] A stone with spangles of gold color. Ha'MOUS, [L. hamus.] Hooked ; having the end hooked or curved. [A term of botany.] HAM'PER, n. [contracted from hanaper.] 1. A large basket for conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or some instrument that shackles. HAM'PER, v.t. 1. To shackle ; to entangle ; hence, to im- pede in motion or progress, or to render progress difficult — Tillotson. 2. To insnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with allurements. 3. To tangle ; to render complicated. 4. To perplex ; to embarrass. HAMTER.ED, pp. Shackled ; entangled ; insnared ; per- plexed. HAM'PER-ING, ppr. Shackling ; entangling ; perplexing. HAM'STER, 7i. [G. hamster.] A species of rat, common in some parts of Europe and Asia, having two cheek-pouch. es for holding grain. HAM'STRING, n. The tendons of the ham.— Wiseman. HAM'STRING, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hamstrung, or hamstringed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or disable. HAM'STRING-ING, ppr. Cutting the tendons of the ham, and thus disabling. HAM'STRUNG, pp. Disabled by having the tendons of the ham cut. HAN, for have, in the plural. — Spenser. HAN'A-PER, 11. [Norm, hanap.] The hanaper was a kind of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for holding and carrying with them their money, as they journeyed from place to place ; hence, treasury. — The clerk of the hanaper, in England, receives all money due to the king for the seals of charters, patents, writs, and com missions. — P. Cyc. t HaUNCF \ *° r en ^ ance - $ ee Enhance. HAN'CES, ii. pi. [L. ansa.] 1. In architecture, the ends of elliptical arches. — 2. In a ship, falls of tho fife-rails placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to the gangway. HaNCH, ti. See Haunch. HAND, 7i. [Sax. hand, hond; G. and D. hand.] 1. In man, the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2. In fnicanry, the foot of a hawk ; and, in the manege, the fore-foot of a horse. 3. A measure of four inches ; a palm. 4. Side ; part, right or left ; as, it is admitted on all hands. So, to be on the mending hand, is to be on the side of recovery from illness. 5. Act ; deed ; performance ; external ac- tion ; that is, the effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of action. 6. Power of performance ; skill. 7. Power of making or producing. 8. Manner of acting or performance. 9. Agency ; part in performing or exe- cuting. 10. Conveyance : agency in transmitting. 11. Possession ; power. 12. The cards held at a ga;.ne ; hence, a game. 13. An index, or that which performs the office of the hand or of a finger in pointing ; as, tb 'ia ids of a * See Syiiopsis. A, E, I, &c, Umg.—k K f &c. short— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD ;— M oV E, BOOK, HAN 47, HAN watch. 14. A person; an agent; a man employed in agency or service. 15. Form of writing ; style of pen- manship. 16. Agency ; service ; ministry. 17. Rate ; price : conditions ; as, " bought at a dear hand." — Ba- con; [obs.] A t hand. 1. Nea- ; either pi esent and within reach, or not far distant 2. Near in time ; not distant. — In hand. 1. Present payment ; in respect to the receiver. 2. In a state of execution. — On hand. 1. In present possession. 2. Under one's care or management. — Offhaiid, without delay, hesitation, or difficulty ; immediately ; dextrously ; without previous preparation. — Out of hand. 1. Ready payment ; with regard to the payer. 2. At once ; direct- ly. — To his hand, to my hand, &c, in readiness ; already prepared; ready to be received.-^ Under 'his hand, under her hand, Sec, with the proper writing or signature of the name. — Hand over head, negligently ; rashly ; without see- ing what one does. Bacon. — Hand over hand, by passing the hands alternately one before or above another, as to climb hand over hand ; also, rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand; [used by seamen.] Mar. Diet. — Hand to hand, in close union ; close fight. — Hand in hand, in union ; conjointly ; unitedly. — To join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in concert. — Hand in hand, fit ; pat; suitable. Shak. — Hand to mouth. To live from hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other necessaries as want requires. — To bear in hand, to keep in expectation ; to elude. Shak. ; [obs.] — To bear a hand, to hasten ; [a sea- man's phrase.] — To lend a hand, to give assistance. — To be hand and glove, to be intimate and familiar. — To set the hand to, to engage in ; to undertake. — To take in hand, to attempt ; to undertake. — To take one in hand, to lay hold of or deal with. — To have a hand in, to be concerned in ; to have a part or concern in doing ; to have an agency in. — To put the last hand or finishing hand to, to complete ; to perfect. — To change hands, to change sides ; to shift ; to change owners. — A heavy hand, severity or oppression. — A light hand, gentleness ; moderation. — A strict hand, severe discipline ; rigorous government. — Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep oft', forbear. — In Scripture, to wash the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand, imports adoration. — To lean on the hand imports familiarity. — To strike liands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. — Putting the hand under the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in swearing. — To give the hand is to make a covenant with one, or to unite with him in design. — Clean hands denotes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. — A slack hand de- notes idleness ; carelessness ; sloth. — The right hand de- notes power ; strength. HAND, v. t. 1. To give or transmit with the hand. 2. To lead, guide, and lift with the hand ; to conduct. 3. To manage. 4. To seize ; to lay hands on ; [not used.] — 5. In seamanship, to furl ; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay, or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand down, to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor. HAND'-BALL, n. An ancient game with a ball. HAND'-BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the liands of men, and without a wheel. HAND'-BXSK-ET, n. A small or portable basket. HAND'-BELL, n. A small bell rung by the hand , a table- bell. — Bacon. HAND'-BLoW, n. [hand and blow.] A blow or stroke with the hand. HAND'-BReADTH. n. A space equal to the breadth of the hand ; a palm. — Exod., xxv. HAND-BOOK, n. A book for the hand ; a manual ; a name applied frequently to a guide-book for travelers. HAND'-BoW, n. A bow managed by the hand. HAND'-€LOTH, n. A handkerchief. HAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle. HAND'-GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed. HAND'-GLaSS, n. In gardening, a glass used for placing over, protecting, and forwarding various plants in winter. HAND'-GRE-NIDE', n. A grenade to be thrown by the hand. HAND'-GUN, n. A gun to be used by the hand. HAND'-LAN"GUA nify an army. So Harold is a eeneial of arj HERE. ) army. HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang 7 ), n. [Ft. harangue.^ \ A. speech addressed to an assembly or an army; a popular oration; a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy, pompous, or irregular address. HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang'), v. i. To make an address or speech to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech. HA-RANGUE' (ha-rang'), v. t. To address by oration ; as the general harangued the troops. HA-RANGUED' C-rangd'), pp. Addressed by oration. HA-RANGUE'FUL, «: Full of harangue. HA-RANG'UER (ha-rang'er). n. An orator ; one who aa dresses an assembly or an army ; a noisy declaimer. HA-RANGTJ1NG, ppr. Declaiming ; addressing with noisy eloquence. HARASS, v. t. [Fr. harasser.] 1. To fatigue ?rifh bodily la bor. 2. To fatigue with importunity, care, or perplexity 3. To waste or desolate ; [obs.] — Syn. To weary ; jade . tire ; perplex ; distress ; tease ; vex ; moJ^st ; trouV>U». disturb. •• HARASS, n. Waste; disturbance; devastation. [Little u?ed. HARASSED (hariast), pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased. See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I. E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BiRP,— M6V£. (?OV«, HAJR, 477 HAR EAR' A FS-EE, n. One who harasses or teases ; a spoiler HAR/ASS-ING, ppr.or a. Tiring; fatiguing, teasing. MARTIN gER, n. 1. In England, an officer of the king's household, who rides a day's journey before the court when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo- dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre- cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some- thing else. HAR'BIN-gER.ED, a. Preceded by a harbinger. HaII'BOR, n. [Sax. kcre-berga; D. herberg; Dan., Sw, G. herberge.] 1. A lodging; a place of entertainment and rest. — Dry den. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asy- lum ; a shelter; a place of safety from storms or danger. HAR'BOR. v. t. 1. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2. To entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest, or reside. HaR'BOR, v. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive entertainment. 2. To take shelter. Ha'R'BOR-MaS-TER, n. An officer who has charge of the mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting harbors. [New York.] I HaR'BOR- Art E, iu Shelter ; entertainment.— Shah. HAR'BORED, pp. Entertained; sheltered. HaR'BOR-ER, «. One who entertains or shelters another. HaR'BOR-ING, ppr. Entertaining; sheltering. Ha R'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter or a lodging. f HaR'BoR-oUGH (-bur-ro), n. A harbor or lodging. f HaR'BOR-OUS, a. Hospitable. HaRD, a. [Sax. heard.} 1. Firm ; solid ; compact ; not easily penetrated, or separated into parts ; not yielding to pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi- cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed. 4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not easy to be traveled. 5. Painful; difficult; distressing. 6. Laborious; fatiguing; arduous ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op- pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi- ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of tender affections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10. Un- favorable ; unkind; implying blame of another. 11. Se- vere ; rigorous ; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable ; unjust. 13. Severe; pinching with cold ; rigorous; tempestuous; as, a hard winter. 14. Powerful ; forcible ; urging ; press- ing close on. — L' Estrange. 15. Austere; rough; acid; sour, as liquors. 16. Harsh ; stiff ; forced ; constrained ; unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not prosperous ; pressing ; distressing ; as, hard times. 18. Avaricious ; difficult in making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; coarse ; as, hard fea- tures. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; unpol- ished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse ; unpalatable or scanty. • Hard water is that which contains some mineral sub- stance that decomposes soap, and thus renders it unfit for washing. HARD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2. With pressure ; with urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori- ously ; earnestly ; vehemently ; importunately. 3. With difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously ; as, things go hard. 5. Closely ; as, to press hard. 6. Fast ; nimbly ; rapidly ; vehemently. 7. Violently ; with great force ; tempestu- ously. 8. With violence ; with a copious descent of wa- ter. 9. With force. — Hard-a-lee, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head to the wind ; also, that situation of the helm. — Hard-a-weather, an order to put the helm close to the weather or windward side of the ship ; also, that position of the helm. — Hard-a-port, an order to put the helm close to the larboard side of a ship. — Hard-a-star- board, an order to put the helm close to the starboard side of a ship. HARD'-BE-SETTING, a. Closely besetting or besieging.— Milton. HARD'-BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tisht— Pope. HARD'-DRINK'ER, n. One who drinks to excess. EI aRD'-DRINK'ING, n. Drinking to excess. UaRD'-eARN^D, a. Earned with toil and difficulty.— Burke. HARD'-Fa-VOR.ED, a. Having coarse features; harsh of countenance. — Dryden. IIXR 0-Fa-VOR.ED-NESS, n. Coarseness of features. HARD'-FeAT-UR.ED, a. Having coarse features. HARD'-FIST-ED, a. 1. Having hard or strong hands, as a laborer. 2. Close-fisted; covetous. — Hall. HARD'-FOUGHT (-fawt), a. Vigorously contested. *IARD'-GOT-T.EN, a. Obtained with difficulty. HARD'-HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer. ilARD'-HE AD, n. Clash or collision of heads in contest. ttARD'-HEART'ED, a. Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeel- ing ; inhuman ; inexorable ; barbarous ; savage ; unmer- ciful — Dryden. HARD'-HEART'ED-LY, adv. In a hard-hearted manner. HARD'-HEARTED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender- ness ; cruelty ; inhumanity. — South. H aRD'-La'BOR ED, a. Wrought with severe labor ; elabo- rated ; studied. —Swift. HARD'-MOUTHED, a. Not sensible to the bit, n.n easily governed . — Dryden. HARD'-NIBB.ED (-nibd), a. Having a hard nib or point HaRD'-PAN. See Pan, No. 4. HaRD'-VIS-AG2>:D, a. Having coarse features ; of a hjuar countenance. — Burke. HARD'-W6N (-wun), a. Won with difficulty.— Scott. HARD'-W6RK-ING, a. Laboring hard. HaRD'BeAM. n. A tree of the genus carpinus, so. called from its compact, horny texture ; the horn-beam. HARDEN (hard'n), v. t. 1. To make hard or more hard to make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm is effrontery ; to make impudent. 3. To make obstinate unyielding, or refractory. 4. To confirm in wickedness, opposition, or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm ; to endue with constancy. 7. To inure ; to render firm or less liable to injury by exposure or use. HARD'.EN (hard'n), v. i. 1 To become hard or more hard; to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indurate, as flesh. HiRD'.EN.ED, pp. or a. Made hard, or more hard or com- pact ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or vice. — Syn„ Callous ; obdurate ; unfeeling ; unsusceptible ; insensible ; impenetrable; hard. HaRD'JEN-ER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more firm and compact. HARD'.EN-ING, ppr. or a. Making hard or more compact making obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming more hard. HARD'.EN-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before. — Encyc. t HARD'I-HeAD, \ f , ,., . _ t HaRDI-MENT, 5 for hardihood.— Spenser. HARD'I-HOOD, n. Boldness, united with firmness and con- stancy of mind; dauntless bravery. — Syn. Intrepidity; courage ; stoutness ; audacity ; effrontery. HARDl-LY, adv. 1. With great loudness ; stoutly. — Scott. 2. With hardship; not tenderly. — Goldsmith. HARD'I-NESS, n. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness ; firm cour. age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa- tigue ; [obs.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef- frontery. HARD'LY, adv. 1. With difficulty; with great labor. 2. Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. — South. 3. Not quite or wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; unfa- vorably. 6. Rigorously; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely; harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly. Ha.RD'NESS, n. 1. Firmness ; close union of the compo- nent parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies which resists impression or separation of their particles. 2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Difficulty to be executed or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; penury ; difficulty of ol>- taining money. 5. Obduracy ; impenitence ; confirmed state of wickedness. 6. Coarseness of features; harsh- ness of look. 7. Severity of cold ; rigor. 8. Cruelty of temper ; savageness ; harshness. — Shak. 9. Stiffness ; harsh- ness ; roughness, as of sculpture. — Dryden. 10. Closeness ; niggardliness ; stinginess. — Johnson. 11. Hardship ; se- vere labor, trials, or sufferings. 12. A quality in soma kinds of water which unfits it for washing. See Hard. HARTDOGK, n. Probably hoardock, dock with whitish leaves. — Shak. HARDS, n.pl. Ihe refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow. HARD'SHIP, n, 1. Toil ; fatigue ; severe labor or want. 2 Injury ; oppression ; injustice ; annoyance ; grievance. HARDWARE, n. A general name for all wares made of. iron or other metal, as pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c. HARDWARE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares. HARD'Y, a. [Fr. hardi ; Norm, hardy.] 1. Bold ; brave , stout ; daring ; resolute ; intrepid. 2. Strong , firm ; com- pact. 3. Confident; full of assurance; impudent; stub- born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by exercise, as a veteran soldier. HARD'Y, n. An iron-smith's tool. Ha RE, n. [Sax. hara ; Dan., Sw. hare.] 1. A quadruped of the genus hpus, with long ears, a short taiL soft hair, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves swiftly by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A con stellation situated directly under Orion. t HARE, v. t. [Norm, harer, harier.] To fright, or to excite, tease and harass, or worry. — Locke. HIRE'-HEARTED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened. HARE'-HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or is used to hunting hares. HaRE'-HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of hares. HaRE'S'-eAR, n. A plant of the genus bupleurum HARE'S'-LET-TUCE, n. A plant of the genus sonchus. HXRE'BELL, n. A plant of the genus hyacinthus, with campaniform or bell-shaped flowers. HaRE'BRaIN.ED, a. [hare and brain.] Wild; giddy, vola- tile; heedless. — Bacon. DOVE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VFCIOUS.— £ as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.. HAR 478 HAR HARETPQOT, n. Abhd; a plant. — Ainsworth. HXJELE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares. HiRE'LIP, re. A perpendicular fissure or division of one or both lips, but more commonly the upper one, like that of a hare. mRE'LIPP-Ey (-lipt), a. Having a harelip. JIXRE'MINT, n. A plant. — Ainsworth. (IlRE'PlPE. n. A snare for catching h'ares. H ARE W6RT, n. A plant. HaR'EM, 11. [Ax.harama.] The division allotted to females in ;he larsrer dwelling-houses of the East. — Brande. HA-REN6FFORM, a. Shaped like a herring. HAR'I--eOT (har'e-ko), n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat and roots. 2. The kidney-bean. HAR'I-ER, n. A dog for hunting hares. — Smart. [This spell- ins; is now_disused.] See Harrier. f HAR-I-O-L a'TION, n. [L. hariolatio.] Prognostication ; soothsaying. HXR'ISH, a. Like a hare. HARK, v. i. [contracted from hearken.] To listen ; to lend the ear. — Shah. HARL, n. 1. The skin of flax ; the filaments of flax or hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. — Mortimer. HAR'LE-QUIN (harle-kin), n. {Ft. harlequin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merrv-andrew, to divert the populace. HaR'LE-QUIN (harle-kin), v. i. To play the droll ; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks. HAR-LE-QUIN-aE>E', n. Exhibitions of harlequins. HAR'LOCK, 11. A plant.— Drayton. HAR'LOT, n. [W. herlawd, hcrlodes.] 1. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common woman. — 2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat. — Chaucer; [obs.] HaR'LOT, a. Wanton; lewd; low; base. — Sfiak. HaR'LOT, v. i. To practice lewdness. — Milton. HAR'LOT-RY, n. The trade or practice of prostitution ; habitual or customary lewdness ; prostitution. — Dryden. HaRM, 7i. [Sax. hearm or harm.] 1. Injury ; hurt ; damage ; detriment ; misfortune ; mishap. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; mischief; wickedness. HARM, v. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to damage ; to impair soundness of body. E AR-MATTAN, n. A hot, dry wind from the interior of Af- lica. It corresponds to the samiel or simoom of Arabia, &c. HaRMjED,^. Injured; hurt; damaged. HaR'MEL, n. The wild African rue. HaRM'FUL, a. Hurtful ; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental ; mischievous. HARM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. HARM'FUL-NESS, n. Hurtfumess ; noxiousness. HARMING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. HARMLESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; as, a harmless proceeding. 2. Not receiving damage or injury; as, to save one harmless. 3. Not guilty of crime or wrong ; as, a harmless person. — Syn. Innocent ; innoxious ; innocuous ; inoffensive ; unoffending ; unhurt ; uninjured ; unharmed ; undamaged. H ARM'LESS-L Y, adv. 1. Innocently ; without fault or crime. 2. Without hurt or damage. HARM'LESS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being innoxious ; freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence. HAR-MONT6, }a. 1. Relating to harmony or music. Ha R-MON'I-G-AL, 5 2. Concordant ; musical ; consonant. 3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds which ac- company the predominant and apparently simple tone of any chord or string. — Harmonic triad, in music, the com- mon chord, or chord of a note with its third and fifth. H AR-MON'I-€A, n. A musical instrument, in which the tones are produced by friction against the edges of a se- ries of hemispherical glasses. HAR-MONTC-AL-LY, adv. Musically. HAR-MON'ICS, n. 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances. 2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 3. Deriva- tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro- duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when its whole length vibrates. — i. Grave harmonics, are low sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of two sounds. -ZAR-Md'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other ; having the parts proportioned to each other ; symmetrical. 2. Con- cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical ; melodious. 3. Agreeing ; living in peace and friendship. HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and pro- portion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of Bounds ; musically ; in concord. 3. In agreement ; in peace and friendship. HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Proportion and adaptation of parts ; musicalness. 2. Agreement ; concord. HAR-MON'I-PHON, n. [Gr. ap^ovta and a whale-boat who throws the harpoon. HAR-POON'ING, ppr. Striking with a harpoon. HARP'SI-CHORD, n. An instrument of music with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. HAR'PY, 7i. [Fr. harpie.] 1. In antiquity, the harpies were fabulous winged monsters, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with theii feel and fingers armed with sharp claws. 2. The largest of the eagle tribe, mhabiting Mexico and Brazil. 3. Any ra- pacious or ravenous animal ; an extortioner ; a plun h=rer HAR/QUE-BUSE. See Arquebuse. HAR-RA-TEEN', n. A kind of stuff or cloth.— ShenstonA. HARTR.I-CO, n. A dish of vegetables, as beans, tkf. Tit* ICOT. See Sv?iopsis. A, E, I, carried about on the last day of harvest. HaPJVEST-ED, pp. or a. Reaped and collected, as ripe con» md other fruits. HaR'VEST-ER, n. A reaper ; a laborer in gathering grain. JJa.R'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn and other fruits, n. Act of collecting the harvest. HAS. The third person singular of the verb hav*.. HaSE, v. t. To urge ; drive ; harass. — Booth. [Still used among sailors. — R. H. Dana, Jr.] See Haze. HASH, v. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop into small pieces , to mince and mix. — Garth. HASH, n. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetaDloa chopped into small pieces and mixed. HASHED (hasht), pp. or a. Cut up into small pieces, as meat, t HASK, ii. A case made of rushes or flags. — Spenser. HAS'LET, n. See Harslet. HaSP, n. [Sax. haps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread or silk on ; [local.] HaSP, v. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. — Garth. HAS'SOCK, n. [W hesor.] A thick mat or bass on which persons kneel in church. HAST. The second person singular of have. HAS'TATE, ) a. [L. hastatus.] In botany, spear-shaped , HAS'Ta-TED, 5 resembling the bead of a halberd. HaSTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. hast.] 1. Celerity of motion; ap- plied only to voluntary beings. 2. Sudden excitement of passion. 3. The state of being urged or pressed by busi- ness. — Syn. Speed ; quickness ; nimbleness ; swiftness ; expedition ; dispatch ; hurry ; precipitance ; vehemence , precipitation. HaSTE (hast), ? v. t. [G. hasten ; D. haasten.] To press; HASTEN (ha'sn), 5 to drive or urge forward ; to push on ; to precipitate ; to accelerate movement ; to expedite ; to quicken ; to hurry. HaSTE, > v. I To move with celerity ; to be rapid in HaST'£N, 5 motion; to be speedy or quick. HaST'ED, I pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; iirged HASTENED, 5 with speed. HaST'EN-ER, n. One who hastens or urges forward. HaSTING, ? ppr. Urging forward ; pushing on ; pro- HaST v EN-ING, 5 " ceeding rapidly. HaST1-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ; speedily ; nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without due reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excitement of passion. HaSTI-NESS, n. 1. Haste ; speed ; quickness or celerity in motion or action, as of animals. 2. Rashness ; heedless eagerness ; precipitation ; precipitancy. 3. Irritability ; susceptibility of anger, warmth, or temper. HaST'ING-PEIR, n. An early pear.— Zracyc. HASTINGS, n. pi. Peas that come early. — Mortimer. HaST'iVE, a. [Fr. hdtif] Forward ; early, as fruit.— Encye. [Not much used.] HaSTT, a. 1. Quick; speedy; swift; expeditious. 2. Ea- ger ; precipitate ; rash. 3. Irritable ; easily excited to wrath ; passionate ; irascible. 4. Early ripe ; forward, as fruit HaSTY-PUD'DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and flour boiled. HAT, n. [Sax. hat.] 1. A covering for the head. 2. Tho dignity of a cardinal. HAT-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat. HAT-BOX, In. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's HAT'-€aSE, 5 hat is called a band-box. HAT'-BRUSH, n. A soft brush for hats. HaTA-BLE, a. That may be hated; odious. HATCH, v. t. [G. hecken.] 1. To produce young from eggs by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2. To contrive or plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to orig inate and produce in silence. HATCH, v. t. [Fr. hacher.] 1. To cross with lines in draw- ing and engraving in a peculiar manner, called hatching, which see. 2. To steep."— Beaum. and Fl. ; [obs.] HATCH, v. i. To produce young; to bring the young to maturity. HATCH, n. 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis- closm-e ; discovery. — Shak. HATCH, n. [Sax. haca.] 1. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one deck to another. 2. A half-door, or door with an opening over it. — Johnson. 3. Flood-gates. Ainsworth. — 4. In Cornwall, England, openings into mines, or in search of them. — 5. Hatches, pi., the coverings placed over the hatchways. Totten. — To be under the hatches, to be confined below; to be in distress, depression, or slav^ ery. — Locke. * HATCH'EL, n. [G. hechel ; D. hekel ; hence often pronounc ed, in America, hetch'el.] An instrument formed with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp. HATCH'EL, v. t. 1. To draw flax or hemp through the teeth of a hatchel. for separating the coarse part and bro- ken pieces of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To tease or Tex, by sarcasms or reproaches ; [a vulgar use of the word.] HATCH'EL£D, pp. or a. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed. HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel. DOVE ,-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 aa J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH as in thts. ? Obsolete HAU 480 HAW H ATCH k l-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a hatcbel. HATCH'] .R, n. One who hatches, or contrives a plot — Smart. HATCH' JET, n. [G. hacke.] A small ax with a short handle, to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make war. — To burn the hatchet, is to make peace. HATCH'ET-FaCE, n. A sharp, prominent face like the edge of a hatchet. — Dryden. HATCHET -SHaPjED (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a hatchet. HATCH'ETINE, n. A very soft yellowish white or green- ish mineral of South Wales. HATCHING, ppr. Producing young from eggs. HATCHING, u. The production of young from eggs. HATCHING, n. A mode of execution in engraving, draw- ing, and miniature painting, in which the elfect is produced by courses of lines crossing each other at an angle more or less acute. — Jocelyn. HATCH'MENT, n. [corrupted from achievement.'] An armo- rial escutcheon of a dead person, placed in front of the house, on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. HATCH'WaY, n. In ships, a square or oblong opening in the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or into the hold or lower apartments. HaTE, v. t. fSax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less. — Syn. To abhor ; detest ; abominate ; loathe. HaTE, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hatred. Ha. TED, pp or a. Greatly disliked. HaTE'FUL, a. 1. Exciting great dislike, aversion, or dis- gust 2. That feels hatred. — Svn. Odious ; detestable ; abominable ; execrable ; loathsome ; abhorrent ; repug- nant ; malignant; malevolent. HaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Odiously ; with great dislike. 2. Malignantly ; malickmsly. HITETUL-NESS, n. Odidusness ; the quality of being hateful^ or of exciting aversion or disgust HaT'ER, n. One who hates. — Brown. HaTING, ppr. Disliking extremely ; entertaining a great aversion for. HAT'LESS, a. Having no hat. Ha'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion. — Syn. Ill-will; enmity : hate ; animosity ; malevolence ; rancor ; malig- nity ; odium ; detestation ; loathing ; abhorrence ; repug- nance ; antipathy. HATTED, a. Covered with a hat; wearing a hat 1 HATTER, v. t. To harass.— Dryden. HATTER, n. [from hat.] A maker of hats. HAT'Tl-SHER'IFF, n. An irrevocable order, which comes immediately from the grand seignior. — Encyc. Amer. HAT'TLE, a. Wild; skittish.— Grose. [Local] \ HAT'TOCK, n. [Erse, attock.] A sh jck of corn. 1 HAU'BERK, n. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha- bergeon. HAUD PAS'SI-BUS JS'QUIS. [L.] Not with equal pace or rapidity. HAUGH (haw), n. A little, low meadow. \ HAUGHT (hawt), a. [qu. Fr. haitt.] High ; elevated ; hence, proud ; insolent. — Shak. HAUGHTI-LY (haw'te-ly), adv. Proudly ; arrogantly ; with contempt or disdain. — Dryden. HAUGHT'I-NESS (haw'te-nes), n. The quality of being haughty ; pride, mingled with some degree of contempt for others. — Syn. Arrogance; disdain; contemptuous- ness ; superciliousness ; loftiness. HAUGHTY (haw'ty), a. [from haught ; Fr. haut.] 1. Proud and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one's self with some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant : supercil- ious. 2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride min- gled with contempt ; manifesting pride and disdain. 3. Proud and imperious. 4. Lofty ; bold ; of high hazard.— Spmser ; [obs.] HAUL, v. t. [Ft. halcr. It is sometimes written hale, but haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to drag. Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 2. To drag; to compel to go.— To haul the wind, in sea- manship, is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point violent pull, dragged ; 2. A from which the wind blows. HAUL, n. 1. A pulling with force draught of a net. HAULED (hawld), pp. Pulled with force pelled to move. HAUL'ER, n. He who pulls or hauls. HAULING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; drao-«i n( r HAULM, 1 (hawm), n. [Sax. healm.] 1. The stem or°stalk HAUM, > of grain, of all kinds, or of peas, beans, hops, &c. 2. Straw ; the dry stalks of corn, &c, in general. HaUNCH, n. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip; that part of the body which lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2. The rear ; the hind part. — Shak. ; [obs.] HXUNCH.ED (hansht), pp. or a. Having haimr.hes * HaUNT, v.t. [Fr. lianter.] 1. To frequent; to resort t much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily 2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with frequent visits ; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre- sented by fear and credulity as frequenting or mhatiticij; old, decayed, and deserted houses. * HaUNT, v. i. To be much about ; to visit or be present often. * HaUNT, n. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts. 2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place ; [obs.] 3. Custom; practice. — Chaucer; [obs.] * HaUNT'ED, >pp. or a. 1. Frequently visited or resorted to, especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent vfsits. * HaUNTER, n. One who frequents a particular place, or is often about it. * HAUNTING, ppr. Freqxienting ; visiting often ; troubling with frequent visits. HAUS'MANN-lTE, n. [from M. Hammann.] An ore of manganese, having a brownish-black color, f HAUST, n. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. — Ray. HAUS'TEL-LATE, a. Provided with a haustellum or suck er, as certain insects. HAUTBOY (ho'boy), n. [Fr. haut and bois.] 1. A wind instrument, somewhat resembling a flute. 2. A sort oi strawberry. HA V- TEUR' (ho-ture' or ho-taur'), n. [Fr.J Pride ; haught- iness ; haughty manner or spirit. HAUT G6UT' (ho-goo'), n. [Fr.] 1. High relish or taste. 2. High seasoning. HAU'YNE (how'in), n. A blue mineral, found in volcanic rocks, and named from the French mineralogist Haiiy. HAVE (hav), v. t. ; pret. and pp. had; indie, present, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they have. [Sax. habban ; Goth. habau ; Ger. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in possession or power. 2. To possess, as something that is connected with or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take for a wife or husband. 4. To hold ; to regard ; as, to have in honor 5. To maintain; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by necessity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled by duty. 7. To "seize and hold ; to catch. 8. To contain , as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To gain ; to procure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase. 10. To bring forth ; to produce, as a child. Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after, to pursue. Shak.— To have away, to remove ; to take away. Tusser. — To have at, to encounter ; to assail ; to enter into competition with ; to make trial with. Shak. — Have with you, is, have me with you ; let us go together. Shak. — To have in, to contain. — To have on, to wear; to carry, as raiment or weapons. — To have out, to cause to depart — To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard, or to guard. — To have pleasure, to enjoy. — To have pain, to suf- fer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. — He would have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should have, he ouuht to have, t HAVE r LES3 (havles), a. Having little or nothing. Ha'V_EN (ha'vn), n. [Sax. hcefan ; D haven.] 1. A harbor-, a port; a bay, recess, or inlet of the sea; a station for ships. 2. A shelter ; an asylum ; a place of safety, t Ha'V£N-ER, n. The overseer of a port; a harbor-master HAVER, n. One who has or possesses ; a possessor ; a holder. — Shak. [Little used.] HA V'ER, n. [Ger. kaf&r ; D. haver.] Oats. [A word of local use in the north of England.] HAVER-SACK, n. [Fr. havre-sac] A soldier's knapsack. HAVING, ppr. Possessing; holding in power or possession; containing; gaining; receiving; taking. HAVING,?!. 1. Possession; goods; estate.— Shak. 2. The act or state of possessing.— Sidney. IHaVIOR, n. Conduct ; "manners.— 5i?eraser. HAVOC, n. [W. havog.] Waste; devastation; wide and general destruction. HAVOC, v. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. HAVOC exclam. [Sax. hafoc, a hawk.] Originally, a term of incitement in hunting, but afterward a war-cry, and the signal for indiscriminate slaughter. — Shak. — Toone. HAW, n. [Sax. hag, hag.] 1. The berry and seed of the hawthorn. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad joining a house; a small field. — 3. In farriery, ~an excr«<3 cence resembling a gristle, growing under the nefher eye lid and eye of a horse. 4. A. dale ; [obs.] 5. A hesitatior or intermission of speech. HAW, v. i. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To etop la speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption ana hesitation. HAWFINCH, n. A bird ; a European species of gross beak. HAW-HAW, n. [duplication of haw, a hedge.] A fence or hank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between slopes, and not perceived till approached. — Todd. See Haha. See synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— X, E, 1, &c, short.— F iR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— MO VE, BOOK. HAZ 481 HEA HAWING, ppr or n. Speairing with a haw, or with hesi- tation. HAWK, n. [Sax. hafo^.] A name common to many species of birds of prey, allied to the falcons and eagles. HAWK, v. i. 1. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey ; to practice falconry. 2. To fly at ; to attack on the wing. — Dry den. HAWK, v. i. [W. hoci ; Scot. hawgh.] To make an effort to force up phlegm with noise. — To hawk up, transitively; as. to hawk up phlegm. HAWK, n. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise. HAWK, v. t. [qu. Ger. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. HAWK-Ey_ED (-ide), a. Having a keen eye ; discerning. HAWK'-HeAD'ED, a. Having a head like that of a hawk. — Dr. Warren. HAWK'-N5Si?D, a. Having an aquiline nose. HAWK'-MOTH, n. A very large moth or butterfly, which moves from flower to flower with great rapidity and a loud, humming sound. HAWKE, n. Among plasterers, a small board, with a han- dle beneath, for holding mortar. HAWKED (haukt), pp. 1. Offered for sale by outcry in the street. 2. a. Crooked ; cursing, like a hawk's bill. HAWKER, n. 1. One who offers goods for sale by outcry in the street ; a peddler. — Swift. 2. [Sax. hafcere.] A fal- coner. HAWKING, ppr. 1. Catching wild birds by hawks. 2. Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for sale in the street by outcry. HAWKING, n. 1. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means of hawks. 2. Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for sale in the street by outcry. HAWK'WEED, n. A name of many species of herbs, prin- cipally belonging to the genus hieracium. HAWSE (hawz),~n. [See Halsek.] The situation of the cables before a vessel's stem, when moored with two an- chors from the bows ; as, a clear or foul hawse. The word is also sometimes used to denote a little distance ahead of the vessel : as, to anchor in our hawse. HAWSE'-HoLE, n. A cylindric hole in the bow of a ship, through which a cable passes. HAWSE'-PIeCE, n. One of the foremost timbers of a ship, through which the hawse-hole is cut. HAWS'ER, 7i. [See Halser.] A small cable ; or a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. HaWS'ES. See Hawse-hole. HAWTHORN, n. [Sax. hag-thorn.] A shrub or tree which bears the haw ; the white-thorn, much used for hedges. HAWTHORN-FLY, n. An insect so called.— Walton. H AY, n. [Sax. heg, hig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder ; grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. — Donne. HaY, v. t. [Ger. heue?i.] To dry or cure grass for preser- vation. HaY, n. [Sax. hag.] 1. A hedge.— Chaucer; [obs.] 2. A net which incloses the haunt of an animal. — Hammer. HaY, v. t. To lay snares for rabbits. — Huloet. HaY'-BOTE, n. [Hedge-bote.] In English law, an allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. HaY'-KNIFE (-nife), n. A sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. HaY'-MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder. HaY'-MaK-ING, 7i. The business of cutting grass and cur- ing it for fodder. HaY'-MaR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay. HaYCOCK, n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field. HaY'ING, 7t. Hay-niaking; the getting in of hay. — Bcaum. and Fl. ILiY'LOFT, 7i. A loft or scaffold for hay, particularly in a barn. HaY'MOW, 7i. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. HaYR1€K, 7i. A rick of hay ; usually, a long pile for pres- ervation in the open air. HaY'STACK, n. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the open air, laid up for preservation. HaY'STALK (-stawk), n. A stalk of hay. HaYTHORN, to. Hawthorn.— Scott. UaYWARD, ti. [Fr. haie, hedge.] A person formerly ap- pointed to guard the hedges; and, hence, to keep cattle from doing them injury. — In New England, the hayward is a town officer, whose duty is to impound cattle, and particularly swine, when found at large in violation of law. JIaY'DjEN-ITE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden, resembling chabasite, and perhaps identical with it. HAZ'ARD, n. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance ; accident ; casualty ; a fortuitous event. 2. Danger ; peril ; risk ; jeopardy ; venture; exposure. 3. A game at dice. — To rim the haz- ard, to risk ; to take the chance. HAZ'ARD, v. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance; to put in danger of loss or injury, as one's life. 2. To veiv ture tc incur, or bring on, as the loss of life. — Syn. T*» venture ; adventure ; risk ; jeopardize ; peril ; endanger HAZ'ARD, v. i. To try the chance ; to adventure ; to ra& the risk or danger. HAZ'ARD-A-BLK, a. That is liable to hazard or chance. HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger ; ventured. HAZ'ARD-ER, n. One who ventures or puts at stake. HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril , ventur- ing to bring on. HAZARDOUS, a. That exposes to peril or danger of loss or evil. — Syn. Perilous ; dangerous ; bold ; daring ; adven- turous ; venturesome ; precarious ; uncertain. HAZ'ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with peril. HAZ'ARD-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being hazardous. tHAZ'ARD-RY, n. 1. Rashness; temerity. — Spenser 2. Gaming in general. — Chaucer. HaZE, 7t. Vapor which renders the air thick, though no! as damp as in foggy weather. HaZE, v. i. To be hazy, or thick with haze. — Ray. [Local.] t HaZE, v. t. [Sec Hase.] To urge, drive, harass, especially with labor. — R. H. Dana, Jr. [Used among sailors. J Ha'Z_EL (ha'z.1), 7i. [Sax. hasel.] A shrub of the genus corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farina- ceous taste. Ha'ZEL (ha'zl), a. Pertaining to the hazel, or like it ; of a light-brown color, like the hazel-nut. Ha'Z£ L-E ARTH (-erth), n. A kind of red loam.— En eye. Ha'ZE L-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the hazel. Ha'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color of the hazel-nut; of a light brown. — Mortimer. Ha'ZI-NESS, n The stat^- of being hazy. Ha'ZY, a. Thick with vapor, but not as damp as in foggy weather. — Totten. HE, pronoun of the third person ; nom. he ; poss. his ; obj. him. [Sax. masc. he ; fern, heo ; neut hit.] 1. A pronoun, a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repre- senting the man or male person named before. 2. Man ; a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the jjames of ani- mals, to designate the male kind ; as. a he-goat, a he-bear. HEAD (hed), n. [Sax. heafod, hefed, heafd.) 1. The upper- most part of the human body, or the foremost part of the body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting, and smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal ; an individ- ual. 3. A chief; a chieftain; a principal person; a lead- er ; a commander. 4. The first place ; the place of honor, or of command ; as, at the head of an army. 5. Counte- nance ; presence ; as, to hide one's head. 6. Understand- ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous sense ; as, to trouble one's head. 7. Face ; front ; fore-part ; as, to tvrnhcad. — Drydcn. 8. Resistance; successful opposition: as, to make head against one. 9. Spontaneous will or resolution; as in the phrase, of one's own head. 10. State of a deer's horns, by which his age is known. — Shah. 11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the rest of the thing. 12. The fore-part of a thing, as the head of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an ax, distinct from the helve. 14. A rounded mass of foam, as on a pot of beer, &c. 15. The zipper part of a bed or bedstead. 16. The brain. 17. The dress of the head.— Swift. 18. The principal source of a stream. 19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic of discourse ; chief point or subject ; a summary ; as, the heads of an argument. 21. Crisis ; pitch ; height. 22. In- fluence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; conflux. — Shak. ; [obs.] 24. Power ; armed force. — Shdk. 25. Lib erty ; freedom from restraint ; as, to give a horse his head. 26. License ; freedom from check, control, or restraint ; as, to give passions their head. 27. The hair of the head. 28. The top of corn or other plant ; the part on which the seed grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end, as of a barrel. 30. The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the sea, as of a bay. 31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, espe- cially when referring to immersion. — Head and shoulders, by force ; violently ; as, to bring in, head arid shoulders. — Head or tail, or neither head nor tail, uncertainty; not re. ducible to certainty. — Head, as an adj. or in composition, chief; principal; as, a head workman. — By the head, u: seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too deeply at the fore-end. HEAD (hed), v. t. 1. To lead ; to direct ; to act as leader to, as a company. 2. To behead : to decapitate. — Slwk. 3. To form a bead to ; to fit or furnish with a head, as an arrow. 4. To lop ; to cut off the head, as trees. — Mortimer. 5. To go in front of; to get into the front in order to stop ; as, to head cattle. Hence, figuratively, to head a person, is to check or restrain him. 6. To set on the head ; as, to h*ad a barrel. 7. To oppose ; to veer round and blow in oppo- sition to the course of a ship ; as, the wind heads us. D6VE BULL. UNITE :— AN'GER, VrClOUS — € as K ; Hu £ as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t ObsoleU. xIEA 482 HEA flt.4D {bed), v. i ' V) >riginate; to spring; to have its source, as a ri*er. 2. To be d'r<;cted; as, a ship heads eastward. 3. To form a head , as, the cabbages head early. HEAD' BAND (hed'-band), n. A f ilet ; a band for the head; also, the band at each end of a book. — 7s., ill. H£AD'-B6R-oUGH (hed'-bur-ro), n. In England, formerly, the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing, or decennary. HEAD'-DRESS (hed'-dres), n. 1. The dress of the head; the covering or ornaments of a woman's head. 2. The crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl's head. HEAD'-GIR-GLE (hed'-gar-gl), n. A disease of cattle. HeAD'-GeAR (hed'-geer), n. Covering or ornament of the head. HEAD-M6N-EY (hed'-mun-ny), n. A capitation tax. HEAD'-LUGG£D, a. Dragged by the head.— Shak. HEAD -MIIN, n. The main ditch, by which water is drawn from a river, &c, for irrigation, to be distributed through smaller channels. — Loudon. \ HEAD-PAN (hed'-pan), n. The brain-pan. HeAD'-PIeCE (hed'-pese), n. 1. Armor for the head; a helmet, &c. 2. Understanding ; force of mind. — Shak. ; \ little used.) HEAD'-RoPE (hed'-rope), n. That part of a boltrope which is sewed to the upper edge cr head of the principal sails. HeAD'-SaIL (hed'-sal), n. The general name for all those sails of a vessel which are set forward of the fore-mast. — Totten. _ HeAD'-SeA (hed'-see), n. Waves that meet the head of a ship, or roll against her course. HeAD'-SHaKE (hed'-shake), n. A significant shake of the head. — Shak. HEAD-SPRING (hed'-spring), n. Fountain; source; or- igin. HEAD'-SToNE (hed'-stone), n. 1. The principal stone in a foundation ; the chief or corner stone. 2. The stone at the head of a grave. HEAD'-TIRE (hed'-tire), n. Dress or attire for the head. HEAD-WIND (lied'- wind), n. A wind that blows in a direc- tion opposite to the ship's course. HEAD-W6RK, n. 1. Mental or intellectual labor. 2. An ornament on the key-stone of an arch. — Gicilt. HEAD'-WoRK'MAN, n. The chief workman of a party ; a foreman in a manufactory. — Swift. HEAD'aCHE (hed'ake), n. Pain in the head. HEAD'ED (hed'ed), pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a head; having a top. This is used in composition as an adjective ; as, clear-headed, thick-headed, &c. HEADER (hed'er), n, 1. One who heads nails or pins. 2. One who leads a mob or party. 3. A brick or stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface of the walL EEAD'FaST' (hed'fasrO, n. A rope at the head of a ship, to fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object. HEAD'FiRST' (hed'fursf), adv. With the head foremost HEAD1-LY (hed'e-ly), adv. Hastily; rashly; so as not to be governed. HEAD'I-NESS (hed'e-nes), n. 1. Rashness ; precipitation. 2. Stubbornness ; obstinacy. HEADING (hed'ing), n, 1. That which stands at the head ; title; as, the heading of a paper. 2. Materials for the heads of casks. HEADLAND (hedland), n. 1. A cape : a promontory. 2. A ridge or strip of unplowed land at the ends of furrows or near a fence. HEADLESS (hedles), a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 2. Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under- standing or prudence ; rash ; obstinate. — Spenser. HEAD'LONG (hedlong), adv. 1. With the head foremost. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3. Hasti- ly ; without delay or respite. HEAD'LONG (hedlong), a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash; precipitate. HE AD'MAN (hed'man), n. A chief ; a leader. HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, have their edges shot over one another, pressing on the brain, and often causing death. HE AD'MoST (hed'most), a. Most advanced ; most forward ; first hi a line or order of progression. HEADTENCE (Jied'pens), n. A poll-tax. HEAD-QUARTERS, n. pi. 1. The quarters or place of res- idence ot the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The res- idence of any chief, or place from which orders are issued. HE AD'SHIP (hed'ship), n. Authority ; chief place. HEADS'MAN (hedz'man), n. One who cuts off heads ; an executioner.— Dryden. [ Unusual] HEAr/STALL (hed'stawl), n . Th at part of a bridle which encompasses the head. HEAD'STRONG (hed'strong), a. 1. Resolute to run his own way ; bent on pursuing his own will. 2. Directed by un- governable will, or proceeding from obstinacy. — Syn. Vio- lent ; obstinate ; ungovernable ; untractable ; stubborn ; unruly • venturesome ' headv. t HEAD'STRONG-NESS, n. Obstinacy— Gayton. HeAD'WaY (hed'wa), n. The motion of an advancing ship — To make headway, to advance. HEADT (hed'y), a. 1. Rash ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent 2. Apt to affect the head ; inflaming ; intoxicating ; strong. 3. Violent ; impetuous ; [little used.] HEAL, v. t. [Sax. hcelan, helan, ghelan.] 1. To cure of a dis- ease or wound. 2. To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3. To cause to cicatrize. 4. To restore to soundness. 5. To restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter. 6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile, as parties at variance. — 7. In Scripture., to forgive ; to cure moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify from corruptions, redress grievances, and restore to prosperity 9. To cover, as a roof with tiles, slate, lead, &c. HeAL, v. i. To grow sound; to return to a sound state. HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed.— Sherwood. HeALDS, n. pi. The harness for guiding the warp-threads in a loom. HEAL.ED, pp. Restored to a sound state. He AL'ER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to sound- ness. HEALTNG, ppr. 1. Cming ; restoring to a sound state. 2. a. Tending to cure ; mild ; mollifying. HEALTNG, n. 1. The act or process by which a cure is ef- fected.. 2. The act of covering ; [obs.] HeAL'ING-LY, adv. In a healing manner. HEALTH (helth), n. [from heal?] 1. That state of an and mal or living body in which the parts are sound, well or- ganized and disposed, and in which they all perform freely their natural functions. In this state the animal feels no pain. 2. Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor of faculties. 3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral sense ; purity ; goodness. 4. Salvation or divine favor, or grace which cheers God's people. 5. Wish of health and hap- piness ; [used in drinking.] HEALTHFUL (helfh'ful), a. I. Being in a sound state, sh a living or organized being ; free from disease. 2. Serving to promote health ; wholesome ; salubrious. 3. Indicating health or soundness. 4. Salutary ; promoting spiritual health. 5. Well-disposed ; favorable. — Shak. HEALTH FUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely. HEALTHTUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of being welL 2. Whole- someness "; salubrity ; state or qualities that promote health. HEALTH'1-LY (helth'e-le). a. Without disease. HEALTH'I-NESS, n. The state of health ; soundness ; free- dom from disease. HEALTHLESS, a. 1. Infirm ; sickly. 2. Not conducive to health. — -Taylor ; [little used.] HEALTH'LESS-NESS, n. State of being healthless. IHeALTH'SoME (helth'sum), a. Wholesome.— Shak. HEALTH'Y. a. 1. Being in a sound state ; enjoying health ; as, a healthy person. 2. Conducive to health ; as, a healthy employment. — Syn. Vigorous ; sound ; hale ; salubrious ; healthful; wholesome; "salutary. HeAM, n. In beasts, the same as aftcr-oirth in women. HeAP, n. [Sax. heap, heop.] 1. A pile or mass ; a collectic* of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation. 2. A crowd ; a throng ; a cluster ; [applied to living persons; not in use.] 3. A mass of ruins. HeAP, v. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1. To throw or lay in a heap ; to pile. 2. To amass ; to accumulate ; to lay up ; to col- lect in great quantity. 3. To add something else, in large quantities. 4. To pile ; to add till the mass takes a round- ish form, or till it rises above the measure. HeAPXD (heept),££>. Piled; amassed; accumulated. HeAP'ER, n. One who heaps, piles, or amasses. HeAP'ING, ppr. Piling ; collecting into a mass. HeAPT, a. Lying in heaps. — Gay. HEAR, v. t. ; pret. and pp. heard, but more correctly hcared. [Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1. To perceive by the ear ; to feel an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2. To give audience or allowance to speak. 3. To attend ; to listen ; to obey. 4. To attend favorably ; to regard. 5. To grant an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, eviden ^ and arguments in a cause between parties ; to try in a court of law or equity. 7. To acknowledge a title.- Prior; [Latin usage] 8. To be a hearer of; to sit under the preaching of ; [familiar usage.] 9. To learn. 10. To approve and" embrace. — To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. — Shak. HEAR, v. i. 1. To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. 2. To listen ; to hearken ; to attend. 3. To be told ; to receive by report HEARD (herd), pret. and pv. of hear. Perceived by the ear. HeAR'ER, n. One who hears ; one who attends to What is orally delivered by another ; an auditor ; one of an audi- ence. HEARING, ppr. 1. Perceivirg by the ear, as sound. 2. Listening to; attending to, obeying; obserring what is commanded. 3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in a judicial trial ; trying. See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, £, I, &c., short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARifNE MB. J ;— W) VE, BOOK- HE A 483 HEA HEARING, n. 1. The faculty or sense by which sound is perceived. 2. Audience ; attention to what is delivered ; opportunity to be heard. 3. Judicial trial, attention to the facts, testimony, and arguments in a cause between parties, with a view to a just decision. 4. The act of per- ceiving sounds ; sensation or perception of sound. 5. Reach of the ear; extent within wnich sound may be heard ; as, out of hearing: HEARK'EN (hark'n), v. i. [Sax. heorcnian, kyrc?iian.] 1. To listen ; to lend the " ear ; to attend to what is uttered with eagerness or curiosity. 2. To attend ; to regard ; to give heed to what is uttered ; to observe or obey. 3. To listen ; to attend ; to. grant or comply with. HEARK'EN Chark'n), %, t.\To hear v by listening. [Rare.] HEARK'jEKED, pp. Heard by listening. HEaRK'jEN-ER (hark'n-er), n. A listener ; one who heark- ens. HEARK.EN-ING (hark'n-ing), ppr. Listening; attending; observing. HEAR'SAL (her'sal), for rehearsal. — Spenser. HeAR'SaY, n. Report ; rumor ; fame ; common talk. It is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, hearsay evidence. HeARSE (hers), n. 1. A temporary monument set over a grave. — Shak. ; [obs.] 2. An ornamented car in which the bodies of the great were carried to the cemetery ; [obs.] Hence, 3. A carriage for conveying the dead to the grave. 4. A hind in the second year of her age. — Booth. — Encyc. HeARSE (hers), v. t. To inclose in a hearse ; to bury. — Shak. HEARSE'-GLOTH (hers'-kloth), n. A pall ; a cloth to cov- er a hearse. — Sanderson. PtARSE-LlKE (hers'-like), a. Suitable to a funeral. IxEaRT (hart), n. [Sax. heort ; G. herz ; D. hart.] 1. A muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. 2. The inner part of any thing ; the middle part or interior ; as, the heart of a city. 3. That which has the shape or form of i heart. 4. The chief part ; the vital part ; the vigorous or efficacious part 5. The seat of the affections and pas- sions. — Scripture. 6. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or passion, and particularly for love. 7. The seat of the understanding ; as, an understanding heart. — Scrip- ture. 8. The seat of the will ; hence, secret purposes, in- tentions, or designs. — Scripture. 9. Person ; character ; [■used with respectto courage or kindness.] — Shak. 10. Cour- age ; spirit.— Milton. 11. Secret thoughts; recesses of the mind. 12. Disposition of mind. 13. Secret meaning ; real intention. 14. Conscience, or sense of good or ill. — Hook- er. 15. Strength ; power of producing ; vigor ; fertility. — Dryden. 16. The utmost degree. — Shak. To get or learn by heart, to commit to memory. — To take to heart, to be much affected ; also, to be zealous about a thing. — To lay to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on ; to be very fond of. — To set the heart at rest, to make one's self quiet. — To find in tlie heart, to be willing or disposed. — For my heart, for tenderness or affection. — To speak to one's heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to ; to comfort ; to en- courage. — To have in the heart, to purpose; to have design or intention. — A hard heart, cruelty ; want of sensibility. HEART, v. i. To encourage. [Not much used.] HEXRT-AF-FECT'ING, n. Affecting the heart HEART'-AL-LuRTNG, a. Suited to allure the affections.— Panull. HEXRT'-AP-PALLTNG, a. Dismaying the heart HEART-BREaK, n. Overwhelming sorrow or grief. — Shak. HEART'-BREXK-ER, n. A lady's curl ; a love-lock. HEART'-BREXK-IN G, a. Breaking the heart ; overpower- ing with grief or sorrow. — Spenser. HEaRT'-BREaK-ING, n. Overpowering grief; deep af- fliction. — Hakeioill. HE ART-BRED, a. Bred in the heart— Crashaw. HEART'-BRoK'EN, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. HEART-BUR-IED (harf-ber-rid), a. Deeplv immersed. HEART-BURN, n. Cardialgy ; a disease or'atfection of the stomach. HEART-BURN ED, a. Having the heart inflamed. HEART-BURN-ING a. Causing discontent. HEART-BURN-ING, n. 1. Heart-burn, which see. 2. Dis- content ; secret enmity. — Swift. HEART-CHILLED, a. Having the heart chilled. HEXRT'-€ON-SuM'ING, a. Destroyin? peace of mind. HEaRT'-COR-RoD'ING, a. Preying on the heart HEaRT'-DeAR, a. Sincerely beloved.— Shak. HEaRT'-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart.— Herbert. flEXRT'-DIS-€0UR'A-6ING, a. Depressing the spirits. -3. E A RT'-E ASE, n. Qu*>t ; tranquillity of mind. tlE'lKF EAS-ING, a. Giving quiet to the mind. JEXRT-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart SEXRT-EN-LIV.EN-ING, a. Enlivening the heart. tiEART'-EX-PANDTNG, a. Enlarging the heart; opening the feelings. — Thomson. HEXRT-FELT, a. Deeply felt ; deejr.y affecting, either a & joy or soitow. HEXRT-GRIeF, n. Affliction of the heart.— Milton. HEXRT-GRIND-ING, a. Grinding the heart,— Mrs. Bulla HEXRT'-HARD-.EN£D,.a. Obdurate ; impenitent • unfeoJ ing. — Harmer. HEART'-HARD-EN-ING, a. Rendering cruel. HEXRT'-HeAV'I-NESS, n. Depression of spirits. HEART-HUM-BL.ED, a. Humbled in heart.— Moore. HEXRT'-OF-FEND'ING, a. . Wounding the heart HEXRT'-PaIN-ING, a. Giving pain to the heart HEXRT-PeA, n. A plant heart-seed, which see. HEART-PIeRC-ING, a. Piercing the heart HEXRT'-Pu'RI-FY-ING, a. Purifying the heart HE ART-OX 1 ELL-ING, a. Conquering the affection. HEART-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart overpowering with anguish ; deeply afflictive. HEART-RiS-ING, n. A rising of the heart ; opposition. HEART-ROB-BING, a. 1. Depriving of thought; ecstatic 2. Stealing the heart ; winning. HEARTS-BL66D > (-blud), n. The blood of the heart ; HEXRT'-BLooD J life; essence. HEXRT'S'-EASE, n. A plant a species of violet ; also, a species of polygonum. HEaRT'-SeARCH-ING (-serch'ing), a. Searching the se- cret thoughts and purposes. HEXRT-SEED, n. A climbing plant with round seeds which are marked with a spot like a heart HEXRT-SHaP£D (-shapt), a. Having the shape of a heart HEXRT'-SI-GK, a. Sick at heart ; pained in mind ; deeply afflicted or depressed. HEART-SI€K'£N-ING, a. Sickening the heart.— E. Everett. HEXRT'-SoRE, n. That which pains the heart. HEXRT-SoRE, a. Deeply wounded.— Shak. HEXRT-SOR'RoW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply. HEXRT'-STiR-RING, a. Moving the heart. t HEXRT'-STRlKE, v. t. To affect afheart.—Ben-Jonson. HEART-STRING, n. A hypothetical nerve or tendon, sup- posed to brace and sustain the heart. — Taylor. HEART-STRUCK, a. 1. Driven to the heart; infixed in the mind. 2. Shocked with fear ; dismayed. HEXRT-SWELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart HEART-THRILL-ING, a. Thrilling the hear? HEART-T6UCH-1NG (-tuch'ing) a. Affecting the heart. HEART- WHEEL, n. The name of a well-known mechan- ical contrivance (an elliptic wheel for converting a circu- lar motion into an alternating rectilinear one), common in cotton-mills. — Bran de. HEART'-WHoLE (-hole), a. 1. Not affected with love ; not in love, or not deeply affected. 2. Having unbroken spir- its, or good courage. HEART-WOOD, n. The hard central part of the trunk of a tree, differing in color from the outer layers. HEART-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief; deeply affected with some passion. — Pope. HEART'-WOUND-ING, a. Piercing with grief. HEART a-CHE (harfake), n. Sorrow; anguish of mind. HEARTED, a. 1. Taken to heart ; [obs.] 2. Composed of hearts ; [obs.] 3. Laid up in the heart. — Shak. This word is chiefly used in composition ; as, hard-hearted, faint- hearted, &c. HEARTED-NESS, n. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; [used in composition.] HEARTEN (hartfn), v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ; to incite or stimulate courage. — Sidney. 2. To restore fer- tility or strength to. — May ; [little used.] HEARTEN-ER, n. He or that which gives courage or ani- mation. — Brown. HEARTH (harth. Herth is sanctioned by no recent orthoe- pist), n. [Sax. heorth.] 1. A pavement or floor of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made. — 2. Figur tively, the house itself, as the abode of comfort to its ir- mates, and of hospitality to strangers. — Smart. HE f RTH'-PEN-N Y ' } *■ A tax on heartns -— Blackston e. HEARTH'-SToNE, 'n. Stone forming the hearth ; fireside. HEART'I-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart with sincerity. 2. With zeal; as, heartily engaged. 3. With eagerness ; freely ; largely ; as, eating heartily. — Syn Really ; sincerely ; fully ; cordially ; zealously ; % r igoroua- ly ; actively ; warmly ; eagerly ; ardently ; earnestly. HEART'I-NESS, n, 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnestness. 2. Eagerness of appetite. HEARTLESS, a. 1. Without courage; spiritless; faint hearted.— Dryden. 2. Without feeling or affection. HEARTLESS-LY, adv. 1. Without courage or spirit faintly ; timidly ; feebly. 2. Without feeling or affection. HEXRTLESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of courage or spirit ; da- jection of mind ; feebleness.— Bishop Hall. 2. Destitution of feeling or affection. HEART'LET, n. A little heart. HEARTS6ME (-sum), a. Merry ; cheerful ; lively. [Scot- tish." DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete HEA 484 HEA flEXKT'Y, • 1. /living the heart engaged in any thing. 2. Proceediig from the heart, as a welcome. 3. Being full of health; sound j strong; healthy. 4. Strong; durable, as wcod. — Wotton; [not used in the United States.] 5. Having a keen appetite ; eating much. 6. Strong ; nour- ishing, as food . — Syn. Sincere ; real ; unfeigned ; undis- sembled ; cordial ; earnest ; warm ; zealous ; ardent ; ea- ger ; active ;_vigorous. J HEaRTY-HaLE, a. Good for the heart. — Spenser. IIS AT, 7i. [Sax. heat, hat.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensation, is considered by some to be the result of the vibration of elastic media ; by others as a subtile fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. — In modern chemistry, it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as a sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from surrounding bodies, to the or- gans. 3. Hot air ; hot weather. 4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of heat or caloric ; as, a white heat. Hence, 5. The greatest accumulation of heat, or the time of such accumulation ; as, in the heat of the day. 6. The state of being once heated or hot. 7. A violent action unintermitted ; a single effort. 8. A single effort in run- ning ; a course at a race. 9. Redness of the face ; flush. — Addison. 10. Animal excitement ; violent action or agi- tation of the system. 11. Utmost violence ; rage ; vehe- mence ; as, the heat of battle. 12. Violence ; ardor. 13. Agitation of mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exas- peration. 14. Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or discourse. 15. Fermentation. HeAT, v. t. [Sax. hatan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi- cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish. 3. To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse into action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with action ; to excite animal action. HBAT,/y. i. To grow warm or hot. HEAT, for heated, used by Shakspeare and Ben Jonson, is still sometimes used, and pronounced het ; but it is not el- egant. He AT'ED, pp. or a. Made hot ; inflamed ; exasperated. HeAT'ER, n. I. He or that which heats. 2. A mass of iron which is heated and inclosed in a box or case in or- der to heat or keep something hot : as, a coffee-heater. He ATFUL, a. Full of warmth.— Sylvester. HeATH,' «. [Sax. hath.] 1. A narrow-leafed, evergreen shrub, of many species, having beautiful flowers, and grow- ing naturally on waste land in Britain, &c. 2. A place over- grown with heath. 3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind. HeATH'-€LAD, a. Clothed or crowned with heath.— Wordsworth. He ATH'-€0€K, ) n. A large bird which frequents heaths, He ATH'-GaME, > a species of grouse. — Carew. HeATH'-PeA, n. A species of bitter vetch, orobus. HeATH'-POUT, n. A bird, the same as the heath-cock. HEATH -RoSE, n. A plant.— A insworth. HeA'THEN (he'fhn), n. [Sax. hcethen ; G. heide ; D. heiden ; Gr. edvos.] 1. A pagan; a Gentile; one who worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. [Heathens is sometimes, though rarely, used in the plural.] 2. A rude, illiterate, barbarous person. HeA'THEN, a. Gentile ; pagan. — Addison. HeA'THEN-D6M, n. That part of the world where hea- thenism prevails. — Irving. HeA'THEN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans ; idolatrous ; pagan. 2. Paide ; illiterate ; wild ; uncivil- ized. 3. Barbarous; savage; cruel; rapacious. He A'THEN-ISH-LY, adv. After the manner of heathens. HeA'THEN-ISH-NESS, n. A profane state, like that of the heathens. He ATHEN-ISM, n. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance of the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; igno- rance. HeA'THEN-iZE, v. t. To render heathen or heathenish. JIxA'THEN-lZED, pp. Rendered heathen or heathenish. HeATHEN-iZ-ING, ppr. Rendering heathenish. HeA'THEN-NESS, n. State of being heathens. HEATHER (hefh'er. This is the only pronunciation in Scotland), n. Heath. He ATHEJi -BELLS, n. pi. The blossoms of the heather.— Burns. H£ ATH'ER-Y, a. Heathy ; abounding in heather. — Hemans. KeATH'Y, a. Full of heath, abounding with heath. HEATING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot ; inflaming ; rous- ing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to impart heat to , promoting warmth or heat ; exciting action ; stim- ulating. HfATTNG-LY, adv. In a way to heat. HeATLESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold.— Beaum. and Fl. VLgAVE (heev), v. t. ; pret. heaved, or hove ; pp. heaved, hove, formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, he/an, heofan.] 1. To lift ; to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to swell. — Thom- son. 3. To raise or force from the breast, as a groan. 4. To raise ; to elevate: with high. 5. To puff; to elate. — Hayward. 6. To throw; to cast; to send. 7. To ral forcibly by turning a windlass ; to hoist ■ with up. 8. To turn a windlass or capstan with bars or Wers. — To heavt ahead, to force a vessel forward by any means, when noi under sail. — To heave astern, to cause to recede; to draw back. — To heave down, to throw or lay down on one side ; to careen. — To heave out, to throw out— With seamen, to loose or unfurl a sail, particularly the stay-sails. — To heavt to, to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her mo- tion. — To heave up, to throw up ; to relinquish ; [vulgar.] HEAVE (heev), v. i. 1. To swell, distend, or dilate. 2. To pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to make an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the sea ; to swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave in sight, to appear ; to make its first appearance. HE AVE (heev), n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or ef- fort upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the breast. 3. An effort to vomit. 4. An effort to rise. HeAVE'-OF-FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an offering to God, so called from its being heaved or raised up in the air The same as wave-offering. — Robinson. HeAVED, pp. Lifted ; swelled ; panted ; tried to vomit. HEAVEN (hev'n), n. [Sax. heafen, hefen, htnfcn.] 1. The region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which appears above and around us, like an immense arch Or vault, in which are seen the sun, moon, and stars. — 2. Among Christians, the part of space in which the omni present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani- festations of his glory.— 3. Among pagans, the residence of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of the atmosphere ; or an elevated place ; [in a very iridef- inite sense.] — 5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens ; the air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav- ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. — 6. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and around the earth into two parts : the atmosphere, or aerial heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting medium, called ether. 7. The Supreme Power ; the Sov- ereign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials. 9. Elevation ; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity ; great hap- piness. HeAV'EN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Aspiring to heaven. HeAV'EN-BAN'ISHED (-isht), a. Banished from heaven HE AV'EN-BE-GOT, a. Begot by a celestial being.— Dry den. HeAV'EN-BORN, a. Born from heaven ; native of heaven, or of the. celestial regions. — Pope. HEAVEN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heaven. HeAV'EN-BRiGHT (-brite), a. Bright as heaven. HeAV'EN-BUiLT (-bilt), a. Built by the agency or favor of the gods. — Pope. HeAV'EN-GOM-MIS'SIONED, a. Commissioned divinely. HeAVEN-DaR-ING, a. Offering defiance to heaven, or to the divine will and commands. HeAV'E'N-DI-REGT'ED, a. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2. Taught or directed by the celestial powers. — Pope. HSAVEN-EX-ALT'ED, a. Exalted to heaven. HeAV'EN-FALL'EN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re- volted from God. — Milton. HeAV'EN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven.— Milton HeAV'EN-G1V-EN, a. Given by heaven.— Vaplanck. HeAV'EN-GUiD-ED, a. Divinely aruided.— Milton. HeAV'£N-IN-SPiRED', a. Inspired by heaven.— Milton. HEAV'EN-IN-STRUCTED, a. Taught by heaven.— Gra shaw. HeAV'EN-KISS'ING, a. Touching as it were the sky. HEAVEN-LOVED (-luvd), a. Beloved by heaven.— Milton, HeAV'EN-PRO-TECT'ED, a. Protected by divine power. HeAV'EN-SA-LuTING, a. Touching the sky.— Orasham HeAV'EN-WAR'RING, a. Waning against heaven. HeAV'EN-iZE (hev'n-ize), v. t. To render like heaven.— Bishop Hall ; [not authorized.] HeAV'EN-LI-NESS, n. Supreme excellence. HeAV'EN-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven. 2. Resembling heaven ; supremely excellent. 3. Inhabiting heaven.- Syn. Celestial ; godlike ; divine ; angehc ; spiritual ; bliss- ful; beatific. HeAV'EN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. HeAV'EN-LY-MiND'ED, a. Having the affections placed on heaven, and on spiritual things. HeAV'EN-LY-MIND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having tho affections placed on heavenly things. H£AV'EN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven.— Prior. HeAV'ER, n. One who heaves or lifts.— Among •eamen, a staff for a lever. HeAVES (heevz), n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respiration. IIEAV'I-LY (hev'e-ly), adv. 1. With great weight. 2. W.ith great weight of grief; grievously ;; afiiictively. 5 -Sorrow fully; with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or dejecrii i» * See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—H, E, I, a. Weekly; consisting of seven days, H£B-DOM'AD-A-RY, j or occurring every seven days. HEB-DOM'AD-A-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con- vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir. HEP^DO-MATTCAL, a. Weekly.— Bp. Morton. HEB'EN, n. Ebony.— Spenser. HEB E-TaTE, v. t. [L. hebeto.] To dull ; to blunt ; to stu- pefy. HEB'E-Ta-TED, pp. Made blunt, dull, or stupid. HEB'E-Ta-TING, ppr. Rendering blunt, dull, or stupid. HEB-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of making blunt, dull, or stupid. 2. The state of being dulled. f HEB'ETE, a. Dull ; stupid. HEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. hebetudo.] Dullness ; stupidity. HE-BRa'I€, a. [from Hebrew.] Pertaining to the Hebrews ; designating the language of the Hebrews. HE-Bk i'iC-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew language ; from right to left. — Swift. * He'BRA-ISM, n. A Hebrew idiom. * He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language. HE-BRA-IST'IC, a. Pertaining to or resembling Hebrew. He'BRA-iZE, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to make Hebrew. — J. P. Smith. He'BRA-iZE, v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrews. H£'BRA-IZJ?D, pp. Converted into the Hebrew idiom. He'BREW (heTu-u), n. [Heb. 11n3>, Eber, either a proper name, or a name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants of Eber, or Heber ; but particularly, a descendant of Ja- cob, who was a descendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 2. The Hebrew language. Be'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. I'BREW-ESS, n. An Israelitish woman. -BRF'CIAN (be-brish'an), n. One skilled in the Hebrew language. [Less proper.] See Hebraist. iiE-BRID'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides. *IECA-T5MB (hek'a-toom), n. [L. hecatombe.] In antiquity, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind ; hence, som^^inies. indefinitely, any sacrifice of a large num- ber of victims. HECK, n. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish. » A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local.] 3. A bena in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door ; [local.] HECK'LE (hekl), v. t. A different orthography of hackle, G« hatchel. HECTARE, n. [Gr. zxarov, and L. area.] A French meas- ure containing a hundred ares, or nearly 2£ English acres. HECTIC, \ a. [Gr. cktikoS.] 1. Habitual ; pertaining to HEC'TIC-AL, J hectic. 2. Aftected with hectic fevers. HECTIC, n. An exacerbating and remittent fever, with stages of chilliness, heat, and sweat, variously intermixed. HECTIC-AL-LY, adv. Constitutionally.— JoKnson.. HECTO-GRAM, ) n. [Gr. etcarov and ypauua.] In the HE-G'TO-GRAMME, > French system of weights and meas- ures, a weight containing a hundred grammes, or about 3£ oz. avoirdupois. HEC-TOL'I-TER, \v. [Gr. eKarov and \ lT pa.] A French HE-6'TO-Ll-TRE, j measure of capacity, containing a hundred litres, i. e., nearly 26£ gallons of wine measure, ^r 2| Winchester bushels. HEC-TOM'E-TER, 1 n. [Gr. eKarov and ue-pov.] A French HE£'TO-ME-TRE, } measure equal 'to a hundred metres, or about 328 English feet. HECTOR, n. [from Hector, the son of Priam, and leader of the Trojans.] 1. A bully; a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow. 2. One who teases or vexes. HECTOR, v. t. 1. To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with in- solence. 2. To tease ; to vex ; to torment by words. HECTOR, v. i. To play the bully , to bluster. HECTORED. pp. Bulbed; teazed. HECTOR-IN G, ppr. Bullying ; blustering ; vexing. HECTOR-ISM, n. The disposition or practice of a hector • a bullying. — Ch. Relig. Appeal. HECTOR.-LY, a. Blustering; insolent. — Barrow. HED'DLES (-dlz), n. pi. The harness for guiding the warp threads in a loom. — Buchanan. HED'EN-BERG-lTE, n. A dark, or nearly black, cleavablo variety of augite, containing much oxyd of iron. — Dana. HED-E-Ra'CEOUS (-a'shus), a. [L. hederaceus.] 1. Pertain- ing to ivy. 2. Producing ivy. HED'E-RAL, a. Composed of ivy ; belonging to ivy. HED-E-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. hedera and fero.] Producing ivy. HEDGE (hej), n. [Sax. hege, heag, hag, hegge ; G. heck ; D. heg, haag.] Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or other shrubs or small trees; but appropriately, such a thicket planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate the parts of a garden. — Hedge, prefixed to another word, or in composition, denotes something mean ; as, a hedge- priest ; [not thus used in the United States.] HEDGE (hej), v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge ; to fence with a thicket of shrubs or small trees ; to separate by a hedge. 2. To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any planner. 3. To surround for defense ; to fortify. 4. To inclose for preventing escape. 5. To guard or protect; as, to hedge one's bets, that is, after having bet on one side, to bet also on the other side, and thus guard against any great loss, whatever may be the result. — Smart. HEDGE (hej), v. i. 1. To hide, as in a hedge ; to skulk. 2. To bet on both sides, as a security against loss. See above, No. 5. HEDGE-BILL, \n. A cutting hook used in dressing HEDG'ING-BILL, 5 hedges. HEDGE'-BORN, a. Of low birth, as if born in the woods ; outlandish ; obscure. — Shak. HEDgE'-BoTE, n. Wood for repairing hedges. HEDGE'-CREEP-ER, n. One who skulks under hedges HEDgE-Fu'MI-TO-RY, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. HEDGE'-HYS-SOP, n. A bitter herb of the genus gratiola. HEDGE'-MUS-TARD, n. A plant of the genus erysimum. HEDGE'-NET-TLE, n. An herb or undershrub of the ge- nus stachys, whose flowers grow in spikes. HEDGE'-NoTE, n. A term of contempt for low writing. HEDGE'-SPAR-RoW, n. A small European bird frequent- ing hedges._ HEDgE'-STaKE, n. A stake to support a hedge. HEDgE'-WRiT-ER, n. A Grub-street writer, or low author. HEDGE'HOG, n. 1. A quadruped of the genus erinaceua. The common hedgehog has round ears and crested nos- trils ; his body is about nine inches long, and the upper part is covered with prickles or spines. 2. A term of re proach. — Shak. 3. A plant of the genus medicago, or sn*il- trefoil, having spiny pods. 4. The globe-fish. — Ash. The sea-hedgehog is the echinus, a genus of 70 >phytes. Set Echinus. HEDGE'HOG-THIS'TLE (-thisl), n. A plant, the cactus. HEDGE'LESS, a. Having no hedge. HEDGE'PIG, n. A young hedgehog.— Shak. HEDGE'RoW, n. A row or series of shrubs or trees plant ed for inclosure, or separation of fields. HEDd'ER, n. One who makes hedges. HEDGING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge ; confining. HEDGTNG-BILL, n. A bill or hook, like a &, kle, for prun ing hedges. D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VF'CIOUS.— C as K; G as J: S aa Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t 9b: vletu RE I 486 HEL Jt£\ ON t € ♦. [Gr. fjSovn, pleasure.] la antiquity, the He- dunic sedk was one who considered the enjoyment of pleasure as 1 le highest good. QLE'DY-PHSNi', *. [Gr. f)5vS and Aatvw.] A white or gray- ish minera", o an adamantine lustre, consisting of oxyd rf lead and lime, with arsenic and phosphoric acids, and some chlorine. —Dana. HEED, v t. | Sax. hedan.] To mind ; to regard with care ; to take notice of; to attend to ; to observe ; to notice. EEED, n. 1. Care ; attention. 2. Caution ; care ; watch for danger ; notice ; circumspection. 3. Notice ; observa- tion ; regard ; attention. 4. Seriousness ; a steady look. — Shak. ; [little, used.] HEED, v. i. To mind; to consider. — Warton. HEED'ED, pp. Noticed; observed; regarded. HEED'FUL, a. 1. Attentive ; observing ; giving heed. 2. Watchful ; cautious ; circumspect ; wary. HEED'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively ; carefully ; cautiously. 2. Watchfully. HEED'FUL-NESS, n. Attention ; caution ; vigilance ; cir- cumspection ; care. tHEEDI-NESS, n. ' Caution; vigilance. — Spenser. HEED'LESS, a. Inattentive; careless; remiss; negligent; thoughtless ; regardless ; unobserving. HEEDLESS-LY, adv. Carelessly ; negligently ; inattentive- ly ; without care or circumspection. HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Inattention ; carelessness ; thought- lessness ; negligence. — Locke. HEEL, n. [Sax. hel, hela.] 1. The hind part of the foot. 2. The whole foot. — Dennam. 3. The hind part of a shoe, either for man or beast. 4. The part of a stocking intend- ed for the heel ; as, to be out at the heels, used figurative- ly to denote being in bad condition. 5. Something shaped like the human heel ; a protuberance or knob. — Mortimer. 6. The latter part, as of a legislative session. 7. A spur. 8. The after end of a ship's keel ; the lower end of the stern-post to which it is Connected ; also, the lower end of a mast. — To be at the heels, to pursue closely ; to follow hard ; also, to attend closely. — To show the heels, to flee ; to run from. — To take to the heels, to flee; to betake to flight. — To lay by the heels, to fetter; to shackle; to con- fine. — To have the heels of, to outrun. — Neck and heels, the whole length of the body. HEEL, v. i. To dance.— Shak. HEEL, v. t. 1. To arm a cock. 2. To add a heel to. HEEL, v. i._ [Sax. hyldan.] To incline ; to lean. HEEL'-PIeCE, n. 1. Armor for the heels.— Uiesterfield. 2. A piece of leather on the heel of a shoe. HEEL'-TAP, n. A small piece of leather for the heel of a boot or shoe. HEEL'-TAP, v. t. To add a piece of leather to the heel of a shoe. HEELED, pp. Supplied with a heel. HEEL'ER. n. A cock that strikes well with his heels. HEELING, ppr. Supplying with a heel. HEFT, 7i. [Sax. hefe.] 1. Heaving; effort. ~ Shak. ; [obs.] 2. [B. heft.] A handle; a haft.— Waller; [obs.] 3. Weight; ponderousness. [This use is common in popular lan- guage in America ; and we sometimes hear it used as a verb ; as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or judg- ing of the weight. Provincial in England. See Holloway.] HEFT, v. t. To try the weight of any thing by lifting it.— Holloway. [Provincial in England, colloquial in America.] HEFTED, a. Heaved ; expressing agitation. — Shak. HE-GE-MONTG, \a. [Gv.foenoviKoc;.] Ruling; predom- HE-GE-IVION'IC-AL, ) inant.— Fotherby. * HE-GI'RA, n. [Ar. from hajara, to remove, to desert.] In chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from which they compute time. The event which gave rise to it was the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A. D. 622. HeIF'ER (hef'er), n. [Sax. heafre.] A young cow. HElGH'-Ho (hi'-ho). An exclamation expressing some de- gree of languor or uneasiness. Dry den has used it for the voice of exultation. * HEIGHT 1 (hite), n. [Sax. heahtho, healho. hehthe, heotho, HIGHT 5 hethe, hihtk, hyhthe. The spelling hight, as from high, was once in use, and would be preferable.] 1. Elevation above the ground; any indefinite distance above the earth. 2. The altitude of an object; the dis- tance which any thing rises above its foot, basis, or foun- dation. 3. Elevation of a star or other celestial luminary at 3ve the horizon. 4. Degree of latitude, either north or south. — Johnson. 5. Distance of one thing above another. 6. An eminence ; a summit ; an elevated part of any thing. 7. A hill or mountain ; any elevated ground. 8. Elevation of rank ; station of dignity or office.— Shak. 9. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts. 10. Elevation in fame or reputation. 11. Utmost degree in ex- tent or violence, as of a disease. 12. Utmost exertion. Shak. 13. Advance ; degree ; progress toward perfection or elevation. — Addison. . HEIGHTEN ) (hlfn), v. t. 1. To raise higher ; [but not HIGHT'.EN 5 often used in this literal sense.] 2. To ad- vance in progress toward a better state ; to Improve ; to meliorate ; to increase in excellence. 3. To aggravate j to advance toward a worse state ; to augment in violence, as distress. 4. To increase, as enjoyment. — 5. In painting, to make prominent by touches of light or brilliant colors, as contrasted with the shadows. — Brande. HEIGHTENED \ (hit'nd), pp. or a. Raised higher ; ele- HlGHTENED j vated; exalted; advanced; improved; aggravated; increased. HETGHTEN-ER, > nrio , n , . , . a HlGHT'EN-ER, } n ' 0ne who hei g nt e ns - HEiGHT'EN-ING ? (hifn-ing), ppr. or a. Raising ; eleva- HlGHTEN-ING J ting; exalting; improving; increaa ing ; aggravating. HEIGHTENING ? (hifn-ing), n. 1. The act of elevating ; HIGHT'EN-ING > increase of excellence; improvement. 2. Aggravation ; augmentation. * HEIN'OUS (ha'nus), a. [The orthography hainous, as used by some old writers, would be preferable, as it gives the true pronunciation and derivation of this word, which i3 from the Fr. hainevx.] Properly, hateful ; odious ; hence, characterized by great wickedness. — Syn. Enormous ; ex- cessive ; aggravated; gre at ; monstrous; flagrant; flagi- tious ; atrocious. * HEIN'OUS-L Y, adv. Hatefully ; abominably ; enormously. * HEIN'OUS-NESS. n. Odiousness ; enormity. HEIR (are), n. [Norm, hier, here.] 1. The man who suc- ceeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands, tenements, and hereditaments, by descent. 2. One who inherits, or takes from an ancestor. 3. One who succeeda to the estate of a former possessor. 4. One who is enti- tled to possess. HEIR (are), v. t. To inherit ; to take possession of an es- tate or inheritance after the death of the ancestor. HEIR-AP-PaR'ENT. n. The man who, during the life of his ancestor, has the right to succeed to his estate or crown. HEIR'-LOOM (are-loom), n. [heir, and Sax. loma.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel which, by law, de- scends to the heir with the house or freehold. HEIR-PRE-SUMP'TlVE, n. One who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right of inheritance may be defeated by any contingency as by the birth of a nearer relative. HEIR'DoM (are'dum), n. Succession by inheritance. — Burke. HEIR'ESS (are'es), n. A female heir ; a female who inner its an estate ; an inheritrix. HEIR'LESS (areles), a. Destitute of an heir. HEIR'SHIP "(are'ship), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir ; right of inheriting. HELD, pret. and pp. of hold. t HeLE, v. t. [L. celo.] To hide.— Gower. [This is the ma- sonic heil, or hail, to conceal, which is mistaken for hail, to salute.] He'LLAC, ^a. [L. heliacus.] Emerging from the light HE-LlA€-AL, > of the sun ; [applied to the rising of a star or planet;] passing into the sun's light; [applied to the setting of a star, &c] HE-LlAC-AL-LY, adv. A star rises heliacally when it emerges from the sun's light, so as to be visible. See He- liacal. HEL'I-CAL, a. [Gr. i\i%.] Spiral; winding; coiled in a spi- ral form. HEL'I-ClTE, n. Fossil remains of the helix, a shJll. HEL'I-€OID, a. [Gr. Ai£ and eiSoc.] In geometry, an epi- thet applied to a curve which, when the axis of the com- mon parabola is bent into the circumference of a circle, passes through the ends of the ordinates. — Brande. HEL'I-CON, n. A mountain in Bceotia, in Greece, from which flowed a fountain. The Greeks placed here the residence of the Muses. HEL-I-Co'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Helicon. HE'LING, n. [L. celo.] The covering of the roof of a build- ing ; written, also, hilling. [Not American use.] HE-LI-O-CEN'TRIC, a. [Fr. heliocentrique.] A term denot- ing the position of a heavenly body as seen from the sun ; opposed to geocentric. HE-LI-O-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to heliography. HE-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. faios and ypafyui-] The art of fixing images of objects by the camera obscura. [This name is preferable to that of Daguerreotype, which see.] HE-LI-OLA-TER, n. [Gr. fjXios and larpivu.] A worship- er of the sun. — Drummond. HE-LI-OLA-TRY, n. [Gr. f,).iog and \arpeta.] The worship, of the sun, a branch of Sabiar-.sm. HE-I.I-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ?,\i> j and uerpao.] A WmI of micrometer, for measuring the apj arent diametei of the sun, and also to measure any small celestial space. HE'LI-O-SCOPE, n. [Gr. {fiioS and cwtt-w.] A sort oft' 1- escope fitted for viewing the sun without dazzling Vhs eyes. HE'LI-O-STAT, n. [Gr. f/Xios and oraTor.] An instrument » y See Synopsis. A, E, I. iviorr,S.] 1. A Grecian Jew; a Jew who used the Greek language. 2. One skilled in the Greek language. HEL-LEN-ISTIC, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists ; as, hel- lenistic Greek, i. e., Greek intermingled with Hebraisms. HEL-LEN-ISTIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the Hellenistic dialect.— -Gregory. HEL'LEN-lZE, v. i. To use the Greek language. HEL'LES-PONT, n. A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Dardanelles. HEL-LES-PONTTNE, a. Pertaining to the HeUespont. f HEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele. HELLISH, a. 1. Pertaining to hell. 2. Like hell in quali- ties ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable. HELL1SH-LY, adv. Infernally ; with extreme malignity ; wickedly ; detestably. — Bp. Barlow. HELI/ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabi- tants ; extreme wickedness, malignity, or impiety. HELLWARD, adv. Toward hell.— Pope. HELLT, a. Having the qualities of hell. — Anderson. HELM, a termination, denotes defense ; as in Sighelm, vic- torious defense. HELM, n. [Sax. helma ; G. helm.] 1. The instrument by wfrcb a ship is steered. 2. Station of government ; the place of direction or management ; as, the helm of state. HELM, v. t. 1. To steer ; to guide ; to direct. — Shak. ; [lit- tle used.] 2. To cover witha helmet. — Milton. *HELM, In. [Sax. helm.] 1. Defensive armor for the HELM'ET, £ head ; a head-piece ; a morion. 2. The part of a coat of arms that bears the crest. — Johnson. 3. The upper part of a reto>-* Boyle. — 4. In botany, the hooded pper lip of some flowers. HELM'A6E, n. Guidance. £1eYm'FTFT) \ a ' burnished with a Taelmet. HEL-MDN'THIC, a. [Gr. iX^ivS.] Relating to worms , ex pelling worms. HEL-MINTHIC, n. A medicine for expelling worms. HEL-MIN-THO-L06'I€, \a. Pertaining to worms or HEL-ML\-THO-LOG'I€.-AL, 5 vermes. • HEL-MJiVTHOL'O-GIST, n. One who is versed in the nai ural history of vermes, or worms. HEL-MINTHOL'O-dY, n. [Gr. iX^ivS and Xoyos.] !->.-> *i ence or knowledge of vermes, or worms ; the description and natural history of vermes. HELM'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a helmet 2. Without ■ helm. HELMSTVIAN, n. The man at the helm. HELMWlND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of En- gland, so called. — Burn. He'LOT, n. A slave in ancient Sparta. He'LOT-ISM, n. Slavery ; the condition of the Helots, slaves in Sparta. — Stephens. He'LOT-RY, n. The Helots taken collectively. — T. B. Mac- auley. HELP, v. t. a regular verb ; the old past tense and participle holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. helpan, hylpan.] 1. To aid ; to assist ; to lend strength or means toward effecting a purpose. 2. To assist ; to succor ; to lend means of deliverance. 3. To relieve ; to cure, or to mitigate pain or disease. 4. To remedy; to change for the better. 5. To prevent ; to hinder. 6. To forbear ; to avoid. — To help forward, to advance by assistance. — To help on, to forward ; to promote by aid. — To help out, to aid in delivering from difficulty. — To help over, to enable to surmount. — To help off, to remove by help. — To help to, to supply with ; to furnish with. HELP, v. i. To lend aid ; to contribute strength or means. — To help out, to lend aid ; to bring a supply. HELP, to. [W. help.] 1. Aid ; assistance ; succor. 2. That which gives assistance ; he or that which contributes to advance a purpose. 3. Remedy; relief; cure: with for. 4. A hired man or woman; a servant; [United States.] HELPED (helpt), pp. Aided ; assisted ; relieved. HELP'ER, n. 1. One who helps, aids, or assists ; an assist- ant ; an auxiliary ; an aid. 2. One who furnishes or ad- ministers a remedy. 3. One who supplies with any thing wanted : with to. 4. A supernumerary servant. — Sio{ft. HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance , that furnish- es means of promoting an object; useful. 2. Wholesome ; salutary ; healthful. HELP'FUL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness. HELPING, ppr. or a. Assisting ; aiding ; supporting. HELP'LESS, a. 1. Without help in one's self; destitute of the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. 2, Destitute of support or assistance. 3. Admitting no help ; irremediable ; [not used.] 4. Unsupplied ; destitute ; [obs.] HELP'LESS-LY, adv. Without succor.— Kid. HELP'LESS-NESS, n. Want of strength or ability ; inability HFT P'MFFT \ n ' ^ com P an i on i an assistant; a helper. HELTER-SKELTER. Cant words denoting hurry and confusion. [ Vulgar.] HELVE (helv), n. [Sax. helf] The handle of an ax or hatchet. HELVE (helv), v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an ax HELVED, pp. Fitted with a helve. HEL-VETIC, a. [Sax. Hefelden.] Pertaining to the Helvetii, or inhabitants of Switzerland ; Swiss. HEL'VIN, 11. A cr ystallized mineral of a yellowish color. HELVING, ppr. Furnishing with a helve, as an ax. HEM, n. [Sax. hem.] 1. The border of a garment, doubled and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the raveling of the threads. 2. Edge ; border. 3. A particular sound of tha human voice, expressed by the word hem. HEM. An exclamation whose utterance is a sort of volun- tary half cough, loud or subdued, as the emotion may suggest. — Smart. HEM, v. t. 1. To form a hem or border; to fold and sew down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2. To border; to edge. — To hem in, to inclose and confine; to surround: to environ. HEM, v. i. [D. hemmen.] To make the sound expressed by the word hem. HEMA-CHaTE, n. [Gr. a\p.a and axarnS-] A species of agate, of a blood color. HEM-A-DYN-A-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. aifia, and dynamometer.] A contrivance for ascertaining the pressure of the blood in the arteries. HEM-A-STAT1C-AL, a. [Gr. alpa and otutikos.] Relating to the weight of the blood. HEM'A-TIN, n. The coloring principle of logwood. HEM'A-TlTE, n. [Gr. a'tixaTirnS-] A common ore nf iron. The name is now mostly restricted to the brown hematite,. which is the hydra ted oxyd of iron.— Red hematite is a va- riety of the specular ore of iron. — Dana. HEM-A-TITIC, a. Pertaining to hematite ; like hematite composed of or containing hematite. D6VE ;- ■ BULL, UNITE — AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— £ as K ; (1 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. HEN 488 HER A tumor filled HEMA-IO 6ELE, n. [Gr. a\p.a and Kt]\n.] with blood K£M-A-T5'S;JT, n. One of the proximate principles of the blood, containing its red coloring matter. HEM-A-To'SIS/ra. A morbid quantity of blood. HEM-E-RO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. },uzpa and Qaitro}.] One of a 6ect among the Jews who bathed every day. HEM'I, in composition, from Gr. fjuiovS, signifies half, like demi and semi. HEM'I-CRl-NY, n. [Gr. ^utavs and upaviov.] A pain that affects only one side of the head. HEM'I-CY-CLE (-sl'kl), n. [Gr. fmiKvkXos.] A half circle ; a aemicirclp. HEM-I-Dl'ToNE, n. In Greek music, see Demi-ditone. HEM-1-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. r^pnavi and hop <..] In mineralogy, a term applied to a crystal with half of the similar edges or angles similarly replaced. HEM'I-NA, n. [L.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a measure con- taining half a sextary. — 2. In medicine, a measure equal to about ten ounces. HEM-I-PLE'Gl-A, ? n. [Gr. ^uiavs and ■n'Xvyv-] A palsy that HEM'I-PLE-GY, 5 affects one half of the body. HEM-[-PRIS-MAT'I€, a. Half prismatic. HE-MIP'TER, n,, 1 [Gr. fwiovs and -tzPov.] Terms ap- HE-MIPTER-A, n.pl.y plied to insects having membra- nous wings with wing-covers, usually half membranous and half coriaceous. HE MIP'TER OUS \ °" Pertairun ? to tbe order hemiptera. HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. foio ating from ordinai-y. forms or HET-E-RO-GLITTC-AL, ) rules. HET-E-ROCLI-TOUS, a. Heteroclitic. HET'E-RO-DOX, a. [Gr. hepos and Sofa] 1. In theology, heretical ; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the Scrip- tures. 2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any established church. 3. Holding opinions repugnant to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an established church. HET'E-RO-DOX-LY, adv. In a heterodox manner. HET'E-RO-DOX-NESS, re. State of being heterodox. HET'E-RO-DOX- Y, re. Heresy; an opinion or doctrine contrary to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an established church. HET-E-ROGA-MOUS, a. [Gr. ercpos and ya>?.] In botany, having different essential parts of fructification. fHET'E-RO-G ENE. a. See the next word. *HET-E-RO-GE'NE-AL, I a. [Gr. srspog and yevos.] Of a 'HET-E-RO-geNTE-OUS, j different kind or nature; un- like or dissimilar in kind. HET-E-RO-GE-NeTTY, re. 1. Opposition of nature ; con- trariety or dissimilitude of qualities ; [ill formed.'] 2. Dis- similar part ; something of a different kind. HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS-NESS, re. Difference of nature and quality ; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind. HET-E-RO-PATE'I€. a. The same as allopathic. HET-E-ROPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. erepos and (pvMov.) Hav- ing leaves different from the regular form. HET'E-RO-POD, n. One of an order of molluscous ani- mals, whose foot is compressed into a vertical muscular lamina, serving for a fin. HET-E-ROP'TICS, re. False optics.— Spectator. EET-E-ROS'CIAN, re. [Gr. Irepos and mcia.] Those inhab- itants of the earth are called Heteroscians whose shadows fall one way only. Such are those who live between the tropics and the polar circles. HET-E-ROS'CIAN, a. Having the shadow fall one way only. — Gregory. _ HET'E-RO-SlTE, re. A greenish-gray or bluish mineral, be- coming' violet on exposure. It consists of phosphoric acid and the oxvds of iron and manganese. — Dana. HET-E-ROTO-MOUS, a. [Gr. Irzpos and te^vw.) In miner- alogy, having a different cleavage ; applied to a species of feldspar, whose cleavage differs from that of common feld- spar. — Dana. HET-E-ROTTtO-PAL, \ a. [Gr. Irepos and tjbctw.I In bot- HET-E-ROTTIO-POUS, $ any, when the micropyle is at neither end of the seed, and the embryo neither erect nor inverted, but in an oblique direction with respect to the seed, it is said to be heterotropous, or heterotropal. — Lindley. HET'MAN, re. A Cossack commander in chief. HEu'LAND-iTE, a. A mineral of the zeolite family, occur- ring in amygdaloid. It consists of silica, alumina, and lime, with about fifteen per cent, of water. — Dana. HEW (hti), v. t.; pret. hewed; pp. hewed, or hewn. [Sax. heawian.] 1. To cut with an ax, or other like instrument, for the purpose of making an even surface or side. 2. To chop ; to cut ; to hack. 3. To cut with a chisel ; to make smooth, as stone. 4. To form or shape with an edged in- strument : with out. 5. To form laboriously ; [rare.] HEW, n. 1. Destruction by cutting down. — Spenser. 2. Color. See Hue. HEWED (nude), pp. or a. Cut and made smooth or even ; chopped ; hacked ; shaped by cutting, or by a chisel. HEWER, n. One who hews wood or stone. HEWING, ppr. Cutting and making smooth or even ; chop- ping ; hacking ; forming by the chisel. HEWN (hiine), pp. or a. The same as hewed. IIEX'A-CIIORD (-kord), n. [Gr. !$ and xo/xfy.] In ancient music, an imperfect chord called a sixth ; also, an instru- ment of six chords or strings, and a scale of six sounds. HEX-A-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. |$ and 8uktv\o S .] Having six fingers or toes. ^EX'IDE, n. [Si. !£.] A series of six numbers. HEX'A-GON, n. [Gr. i\ and ywvia.] In geometry, a plane figure of six sides and six angles. HEX-AG'ON-AL, a. Having six sides and six angles. HEX-AG'ON-Y, for hexagon, is not used. HEX A-GYN'I-A, n . [Gr. i\ and yui'77.] In botany, an order "€ plants that have six styles. — Linnaua. HEX-AG'YN-OUS' S °" In iotan y> navin g six styles. D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— G as K; G as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexahed v«« ; hat ing six equal sides. HEX-A-He'DRON, n. [Gr. i\ and It pa.] A reguiar s°j(i body of six sides ; a cube. HEX-A-HE'ME-RON, n. [Gr. t\ and fifiepa.] 1. The term of six days.— Good. 2. The history of the six days' wori of creation, as contained in the first chapter of Genesis — Murdoch. HEX-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. i\ and nzrpov.] In ancient poetry a verse of six feet, consisting of dactyls and spondees. HEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet. HEX-A-MET'RIC, \a. Consisting of six metrical feet— HEX-A-ME'TRIC-AL, \ Warton. HEX-AN'DRI-A, re. [Gr. |£ and avnp.] In botany, a class ot plants having six stamens. — Linnaus. HEX-AN'DRI-AN, ) „ . . . HEX-AN'DROUS! \ a ' Havln S S1X stamens ' HEX-AN"GU-LAR, a. [Gr. t\, and angular.] Having six angles or corners. HEX-A-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. ^ and mraXov.] Having sis petals or llower-leaves. HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. e£ and 4>vX\ov.] Having sis leaves. HEX'A-PLA, n. [Gr. e£ and ax\ou>.] A collection of th© Holy Scriptures in six languages, applied particularly to the collection published by Origen in the third century.— Encyc. Am. HEX'A-PLAR, a. Sextuple ; containing six columns. HEX'A-POD, a. [Gr. e\ and ttou?.] Having six feet. HEX'A-POD, 7i. [Gr. el and irovs.] 1. An insect having six feet. 2. A fathom ; [obs.] HEX'A-STICH (hex'a-stik), n. [Gr. h\ and artxoS.] A poem consisting of six verses. HEX'A-STYLE, n. [Gr. e£ and cruAos-] A building with six columns in front. — Encyc. HEX-0€-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. i\, oktio, and tip*.] A solid contained under forty-eight equal triangular faces. HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation. HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolic and exultation, and sometimes of wonder. — Shale. HEY'DaY, n._A frolic ; wMness.—Shak. tHEY'DE-GUY, n. [perhaps from heyday and guise.] A kind of dance ; a country dance or round. — Spenser. t HI-A'TION, n, [L. Mo.] The act of gaping. Hl-A'TUS, n. [L.] 1. An opening ; an aperture ; a gap ; a chasm. — 2. In grammar, the concurrence of two vowels in two successive syllables or words, occasioning a hard> ness in the pronunciation. 3. A chasm in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced. Hl-BER'NA-CLE, n. [L. hibernacula.] 1. In botany, the leaf. bud, which serves for the winter protection of the young and tender parts of a plant. — Lindley. 2. The winter- lodge of a wild animal. Hl-BER'NAL, a. [L. hibernus.] Belonging to winter. Hi'BER-NaTE, v. i. [L. hiberno.] To winter; to pass the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion. Hi'BER-Na-TING, ppr. or a. Passing the winter in close quarters. Hl-BER-N A'TION, n. The passing of winter in a close lodge, as beasts and fowls. — Darwin. Hl-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. Hl-BER'NI-AN, n. A native of Ireland. Hl-BER'NI-CISM, ) n. An idiom or mode of speech po- Hl-BER'NI-AN-ISM, $ culiar to the Irish. Hl-BER'NO-CEL'TI€, n. The native language of the Irish ; the Gaelic. HIC'CIUS COC'TIUS. [qu. L. hie est doctus.] A cant word for a juggler. — Hudibras. * HICCOUGH (hik'up), n. [Dan. hik, or hihlten.] A convul- sive catch of some of the respiratory muscles. HICCOUGH (hik'up), v. i. To have a convulsive catch of some of the respiratory muscles. HICK'O-RY, n. A name given to several American nut-bear- ing trees of the genus carya, valuable for timber and fuel. They are sometimes called walnut, but not very correctly. HICK'UP, a spelling sometimes given to hiccough. HICK'WALL, ) n. [qu. hitchwall.] A small species of wood- HICK'WaY, 5 pecker. HI-G JICET. [L.J Here lies. HID, } pp. oi hide. 1. Placed in secrecy. 2. a. Not HID'D£N, ) seen or known. 3 Difficult to be known.— Syn. Concealed ; secret ; unseen ; unknown ; private ; dormant ; latent ; covert ; mysterious ; obscure ; occult ; recondite ; abstruse ; profound. HlD'AGE, n. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. HI-D AL'GO, n. [Sp.] In Spain, a nobleman of the lowest class- HIDTJ.EN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret manner, HIDE, v. t. ; pret. kid ; pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To withhold from knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scripture, not to confess or disclose ; or to excuse and extenuate. 4. To keep in safety. — To hide the face, to withhold communion orcon- t Oosolete. HIE 492 HIG •< tation.- -7a tide the face from, t » overlook or forgive, as sin. — Svn. To conceal ; secrete ; cover ; screen ; shelter ; protect ■ ■ rllDE, v. i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view ; to be withdrawn from sight. — Hide and seek, a play of children, in which some hide themselves and another seeks them. HIDE, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain portion of land. HIDE, n. [Sax. hyd, hyde.] 1. The skin of an animal. 2. The human skin, [in contempt.] HIDE'-BOUND, a. 1. An animal is hide-bound when his skin sticks to his sides or back. A tree is hide-bound when the bark will not give way to its 'growth. Hence, 2. Harsh; untractable; [not used.] 3. Niggardly; penurious; [obs.] * HID'E-OUS, a. [Ft. hideux.] 1. Shocking to the eye. 2. Shocking to the ear ; exciting terror. 3. Detestable. Spenser. — Syn. Frightful ; ghastly ; grim ; grisly ; horrid ; dreadful; terrible. * HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfully ; shockingly. * HID'E-OUS-NESS, n. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful- ness; horribleness. HlD'ER, n. One who hides or conceals. HlD'ING, ppr. Concealing ; covering or withdrawing from view ; keeping close or secret. HIDING, n. 1. Concealment. 2. Withdrawment ; a with- holding. — Winer. 3. A beating. — Sharp ; [vulgar.] HiDTNG-PLaCE, %. A place of concealment. HlE, v. i. [Sax. higan, higian.] 1. To hasten ; to move or run with haste ; to go in haste ; to speed. It is sometimes used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, hie tliee home. tHlE, n. Haste; diligence. — Chaucer. Hl'E-RARCH, n. [Gr. hpapxnS-] One who rules or has au- thority in sacred things. Hi'E-RaRCH-AL, a. Pertaining to a hierarch. — Milton. Hl-E-RARCH'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to a hierarchy. Hl-E-RIRCH'IC-AL-LY, adv. After the maimer of a hie- rarchy. Hi'E-RaR€H-ISM, n. The principle of church government by a hierarchy. Hi'E-RaR€H-Y, n. [Gr. hpapxia.] 1. Dominion or author- ity in sacred things. 2. The persons who have the exclu- sive direction of things sacred ; used especially of a body of clergy of different ranks or orders. — 3. The celestial hierarchy, in the writings of pseudo Dionysius, embraced Christ as its head, and the various orders of angels his ministering spirits. — Murdoch. Hl-E-RAT'I€, a. [Gr. hpariKoS-] 1. Sacerdotal ; pertaining to priests; consecrated to sacred uses. — Russell. 2. A term applied to a mode of ancient Egyptian writing, con- sidered as a conversion of hieroglyphics into a kind of running hand, and used by the priests as the demotic was by the people.— P. Cyc. Hl-E-ROC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. hpos and Kparsw.] Government by ecclesiastics. — Jeferson. Hl'E-RO-GLYPH, \n. [Gr. hpos and yXtifai.] Literally, Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, 5 a sacred character, applied to a species of writing first practiced by the ancient Egyptian priests, often called picture-writing, which expressed a series of ideas by representation of visible objects. — Brande. Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'IC, \a. Emblematic HI-E-RO-GLYPH1C-AL, $ some meaning pictures, or figures. Hl-E-RO-GLYPHI€-AL-LY, adv. Emblematically. Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'IST, n. A person conversant with hiero- glyphics. Hl'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. hpos and ypaupa.] A species of sacred writing. Hl-E-RO-GRAM-MATIC, a. [Gr. hpos and ypaufxa.] Denot- ing a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal characters. Hl-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. Literally, a sacred writer ; an Egyptian priest whose duty it was to decipher hieroglyph- ics, and preside over the religious services. — Brande. HI-E-RO-GRAPH'IC, > ^ . , ... , . . HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I€-AL, ) °" Per taimng to sacred writing. Hl-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. hpos and ypcuprj.] Sacred writ- ing. [Little used.] Hl-E-RO-L06'IG, \a. Belonging to the science of hie- Hl-E-RO-L06'IC-AL, 5 rology. Hl-E-ROL'0-(iIST, n. A person conversant with hierolo°y Hl-E-ROL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. hpos and \oyos.] The science which treats of sacred writings and inscriptions, particu- larly among the Egyptians, or a treatise on those subjects. Hl'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. hpos and navreia.] Divination by observing the various thingt offered in sacrifice. Hl-E-ROM-NE'MON, n. [Gr. hpos and fivnuuv.] The most honorable of the two classes of representatives which composed the Amphictyonic council. — Smith's Diet. * HI'E-RO-PHANT or Hl-ER'O-PHANT, a. [Gr. hpo mind ; the former, by social pleasure, drinking, &c, which rouse the animal spirits. — Syn. Glee ; cheerfulness , mirta , merriment ; gayety ; joyousness ; exhilaration ; jovialty jollity. HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The term of courts, &c, which be gins about St Hilary's day, or near the middle of Januarj [England.] HELD [G. and D. held, Dan. heldt, a hero] is retained in names ; as, Hildebert, a bright hero. t HILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. Mjldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry man or woman. — Shak. HILE. See Hilum. HILL, n. [Sax. hill or hyl] 1. A natural elevation cf land or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land; an eminence. 2. A cluster of plants, and the earth raised about them ; as, a hill of maize. [U. States.] HILL, v. t. 1. To raise earth about plants ; to raise a little mass of earth. — Farmers, in New England, hill their maize in July. 2. [Sax. helan.] To cover ; [obs.] HTLL-ED, pp. or a. Raised into hills ; having hills. HILLTNESS, n. The state of being hilly.— Rich. Diet. HILLING, ppr. Raising: into hills. HILLTNG, n. 1. Covering ; [obs.] 2. The act of raising the earth around plants. HILL'OCK, n. A small hill.— Milton. HILL'SiDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill. HILLTOP, n. The top of a hill. HILLT, a. Abounding with hills ; as, a hilly country. HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.] The handle of any thing, particularly of a sword. HILTED, a. Having a hilt. Hl'LUM, n. [L. ; W. Ml] The eye of a bean or other seea where it separates from the placenta. HIM, pron. The objective case of he. [L. mm.] HIM-SELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. L He ; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive of distinct personality, than he ; as, himsdf had done the deed. 2. When himself is added to he, or to a noun, it ex- presses discrimination of person with particular emphasis ; as, he himself went. 3. When used as the reciprocal pro- noun, it is not usually emphatical ; as, he hid himself. 4. It was formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. — Scripture. 5. Himself is used to express the proper char- acter, or natural temper and disposition of a person ; as let him act himself. — By himself, alone ; unaccompanied , sequestered. HIN, n. [Heb. "]n.] A Hebrew measure of liquids, said by Josephus to be double the Greek x°oS, or about six quarts, English measure. HlND, n. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deei or stag. HIND, n. [Sax. hine.] 1. A domestic ; a servant — Shak. [obs.] 2. A peasant ; a rustic ; a countryman ; a swain ; a boor ; or a husbandman's servant. [English.] HIND, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part which follows ; in opposition to the fore-part ; as, the hind legs of a quadruped. HIND'BER-RY, n. A wild fruit allied to the raspberry. HlND'ER, a. ; comp. of hind.- That is in a position contrary to that of the head or fore-part HIN'DER, v. t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To keep back, or prevent from moving forward by any means. 2. To prevent progress, or to render slow in motion. 3. To prevent, in a general sense ; as, what hinders our having that right? — Syn. To stop; interrupt; counteract; thwart; oppose; obstruct; debar; arrest; embarrass; check; re- tard; impede; delay. HIN'DER, v. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments. HIN'DER- ANCE, \ n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining HINDRANCE, j motion. 2. Impediment; that which stops progression or advance ; obstruction. HINDERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; re- tarded. HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which hinders. HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping; impeding; retarding. HlND'ER-LING. n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate animaL HlND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others ; the last [But we now use hindmost.] HiND'MoST, a. The last; that is in the rear of all others HIN'DU ' s n ' '^ n aDor iginal 0I " Hindostan. HIN'DOO-ISM, 7 rc. The doctrines and rites cf the Hir* HIN'DU-ISM, 5 doos. HIN-DOO-STAN'EE, a. or n. A term applied to the Hin- doos or their language. HIN HIPPED, > See Hyp. H1PTISH. S HIP-ROOF, 7t. The same with hipped-roof, which see. fHIP'HALT, a. [hip and halt.] Lame; limping. — Gower. HIPPED'-ROOF (hipf-roof ), n. A roof whose ends slant back at the same angle with the adjacent sides ; also called hip-roof. — Gwilt. HIPPO-CAMP, n. [Gr. iTr-oKa/nros.] A name given to the sea-horse. — Browne. HIP-PO-CENTAUR, n. [Gr. l-iroKcvTavPoS.] In ancient fa- ble, a supposed monster, half man and half horse. HIPTO-GRAS, n. [Ft.] A medicinal drink, composed of wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients. HIP-POCRA-TeS' SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by unit- ing the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel, used for straining sirups atd decoctions. HIP-PO-€RATI€ FaCE. [L. facies hippocratica.] Pale, sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal svmptom in diseases. — Parr. HIP-POC'RA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as it regards medicine. — Chambers. HIP'PO-DAME, n. A sea-horse.— Spenser. HIPPO-DROME, n. [Gr. h~o5ponos.] Anciently, a circus or place appropriated to races and other equestrian exer- cises. The term is still in use. — Brande. HIP'PO-GRIFF, n. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous animal, half horse and half griffin ; a winged horse HIP-P O-P A-THOL'O-GY, n. The science of veterinary med- icine ; the pathology of the horse. — Farm. Encyc. HEP-POPH'A-GOUSfa. Feeding on horses, as the Tartars. HIP-POPHA-GY, n. [Gr. Imrog and

.] The act or prac- tice of feeding on horses. — Quart. Rev. HIP-PO-POTA-MUS, n. [Gr. ImtoS and iroranos.] The river- horse, a large animal, allied to the elephant, that inhabits the Nile and other rivers in Africa. HIP-PuRIC ACID, n. [Gr. bnrp S and ovpov.] An acid alhed to benzoic acid, obtained from the urine of horses, &c. HIP'PU-PaTE, n. An extinct bivalve mollusk occurring in the chalk formations. HIP'SHOT, a. Having the hip dislocated. HIP/W6RT, n. A plant. \ HiR, pron. In old English, her ; sometimes used for the plural, their. HiR'CI€ ACID, n. An acid produced by the saponification of hircin. — Ure. HiR'CIN, n, [L. hircus.] A liquid, fatty matter obtained from mutton suet, and giving it a peculiar, rank smell— Brande. HIRE, v. t. [Sax. hyran.] 1. To procure from another per- son, and for temporary use, at a certain price ; as, to hire a house of a man. 2. To engage in service for a stipulated reward ; to contract with for a compensation ; as, to hire a man for a day. 3. To bribe ; to engage in immoral or illegal services for a reward —To hire out one's self to let ; to engage one's services to another for a reward. To hire or to hire out, to let ; to lease ; as, to hire out a house to a man. HIRE, n. [Sax. hyre.] 1. The price, reward, or compensa- tion paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use of any thing. 2. The reward or recompense paid for personal service. 3. Reward for base or illegal service; a bribe. — Syn. Wages ; salary ; stipend ; allowance ; pay. HIRED, pp. or a. Procured or taken for use at a etipu^ted or reasonable price ; as, a hired farm. 2. Employed in service for a compensation, as a man. HTRE'LESS, a. Without hire. HlRE'LING, n. 1. One who is hired, or who serves for wages. 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute. — Pope. HlRE'LING, a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary ; employed for money or other compensation. t Hl'REN, n. A strumpet.— Shak. HlR'ER n. One who hires ; one who procures the use of any thing for a compensation ; one who employs persons for wages, or contracts with persons for service. HIRTNG, ppr. Procuring the use for a compensation. HiR-SuTE', a. [L. hirsutus.] 1. Hairy ; rough with hair ; shaggy ; set with bristles. — 2. In botany, it is nearly synon ymous with hispid, but it denotes having more hairs or bristles, and less stiff. HtR-StJTE'NESS, n. Hairiness.— Burton. HIS (hiz), pron. possessive of he. [Sax. gen. hys, and hyse, male.] 1. Of him. 2. The present use of his is as a pro- nominal adjective, in any case indifferently, correspond- ing to the L. suus ; as, tell John his papers are ready. — 3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly. 4. It was formerly used as the sign of the possessive ; as, the man his ground, for the man's ground. — 5. His is still used as a substitute for a noun, preceded by of; as, ye ministers of his. — Hisself is no longer used. HISTN-GER-ITE, n. A soft black iron ore, nearly earthy. H1SK, v. i. To breathe with difficulty. [North of England.) HIS'PID, a. [L. hispidus.] 1. Rough with bristles or mi- nute spines ; bristly. — 2. In botany, having strong hairs or bristles. HISS, v. i. [Sax. hysian.] 1. To make a sound by driving the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to give a strong aspiration resembling the noise made by a serpent. 2. To express contempt or disapprobation by hissing. 3. To whiz, as an arrow or other thing in rapid flight. HISS, v. t. 1. To condemn by- hissing ; to explode. 2. To procure hisses or disgrace. — Shak. HISS, n. 1. The sound made by propelling the breath be- tween the tongue and upper teeth ; the noise of a serpent, a goose, &c. 2. An expression of contempt or disappro- bation, used in places of public exhibition. HISSED (hist), pp. Expressed contempt by hissing. HISSING, ppr. or a. Making or resembling the noise of serpents. HISSING, n. 1. A hissing sound ; an expression of scorn or contempt. 2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision. HISSTNG-LY, adv. With a whistling sound.— Sherwood. HIST, exclam. [Dan. hyst.] A word commanding silence ; equivalent to hush, be silent. t HIS-To'RI-AL, a. Historical.— Chaucer. HIS-T6'RI-AN, n. [Fr. historian.] A writer or compiler of history. HIS-TOR'IC, )VE, BO; K HOA 495 HOB exist, as of animals or plants. 5. An account of the ori- gin, life, and actions of an individual person. HIS'TO-RY-PlECE, », A representation of any real event in painting. HIS'TRI-ON, n. A piayer.— Pope. HIS-TRI-ON'IC, \a. [L. histrionicus.] Pertaining to a HIS-TRI-ON'IG-AL, 5 stage-player ; belonging to stage- playing ; theatrical. HIS-TRI-ON'IC- AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a stage-play- er ; theatrically. HIS'TRI-O-NISM, n. The acts or practice of buffoons or pantomimes ; stage-playing. — Southey. HIT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hit. [Sw. hitta.] 1. To strike or touch, either with or without force. 2. To strike or touch a mark with any thing directed to that object ; not to miss. 3. To reach ; to attain to. 4. To suit ; to be con- formable. — Milton. 5. To strike ; to touch properly ; to offer the right bait.— To hit off. 1. To strike out ; to de- termine luckily. 2. To represent or describe exactly. — To hit out, to perform by good luck. — Spenser ; [unusual] HIT, v. i. 1. To strike ; to meet or come in contact ; to clash. 2. To meet or fall on by good luck ; to succeed by accident ; not to miss. 3. To strike or reach the in- tended point; to succeed. — To hit on or upon, to light on ; to come to or fall on by chance ; to meet or find, as by accident. HIT, n. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another. 2. A chance ; a casual event. 3. A lucky chance; a fortunate event. 4. A term in back- gammon. — 5. Figuratively, a striking expression or turn of thought which seems to be peculiarly applicable, or to hit the point. HITCH, v. i. [W. hecian.] 1. To move by jerks, or with stops. 2. To become entangled ; to be caught or hooked. —South. 3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses ; [not American usage.} 4. To hop ; to spring on one leg ; [local] 5. To move or walk. — Grose. HITCH, v.t. 1. To hook; to catch by a hook. 2. To fasten by hitching ; [New England.] HITCH, n. 1. A catch ; any thing that holds. 2. The act of catching, as on a hook, &c.— 3. In seamen's language, a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other object 4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving. HITCHED (hitcht), pp. Caught ; hooked ; fastened. f HlTCH'EL, v. t. To hatchel. See Hatchel. HITCHING, n. A fastening in a harness. HITCHING, ppr. Hooking; fastening. HlTHE, n. [Sax. hyth.} A port or small haven ; as in Qtieenhithe. [English.] HITHER, adv. [Sax. hither, or hider.] 1. To this place ; used with verbs signifying motion ; as, to come hither. — 2. Hither and thither, to this place and that. 3. To this point ; to this argument or topic ; to this end ; [little used.] HITHER, a. Nearest ; toward the person speaking. HITH'ER-MoST, a. Nearest on this side.— Hale. HITHER-To, adv. 1. To this time ; yet. 2. In any time, or every time till now ; in time preceding the present. 3. To this place ; to a prescribed limit. HITHER- WARD, adv. This way; toward this place.— Shah. HITTING, ppr. Striking. HIVE, n. [Sax. hyfe.] 1. A box, chest, or kind of basket for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honey-bees. 2. A swarm of bees ; or the bees inhabiting a hive. 3. A company or society together, or closely connected. HIVE, v. t. 1. To collect into a hive, to cause to enter a hive. — Dryden. 2. To contain ; to receive, as a habitation, or place of deposit. HlVE, v. i. To take shelter or lodgings together ; to reside in a collective body. — Pope. Hi V ED, pp. Lodged in a hive or shelter. HlVER, n. One who collects bees into a hive. HlVES, n. [Scot. qu. heave.] 1. A disease, the croup, or cynanche trachealis ; rattles. 2. A popular name of an eruptive disease allied to the chicken-pox. — Buchanan. HIVING, ppr. Collecting into a hive. t HIZZ, v. i, To hiss.— Shah. f FUZZING, n. A hissing or hiss.— May. Ho, exclam. A word used by teamsters to stop their teams. It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds. This word is pronounced, also, who, or hwu. Ho, ? exclam. [L. eho.] A call to excite attention, or to HoA, 3 give notice of approach. HoAR, a. [Sax. har.] 1. White ; as, hoar frost. 2. Gray ; white with age; hoary. 3. Moldy; musty. — Spenser; [obs.] HoAR, n. Hoariness ; antiquity. — Burke. HoAR, v. i. To become moldy or musty. [Little used.] HoAR'-FROST, n. The white particles of frozen dew. HoAR'-SToNE, n. [Arm. harz, a bound or limit.] A land- mark , a stone designating the bounds of an estate. HoARD, n. [Sax. hord.] 1. A store, stock, or large quanti- ty of any titling accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock ; a treasure. 2. A fence inclosing a house and matrinajs while builders are at work. — Smart ; [Englana.^ HoARD, v. t. To collect and lay up a large quantity of any thing ; to amass and deposit in secret ; to store secretly. HoARD, v. i. To collect and form a hoard ; to lay up store HoARD'ED, pp. or a. Collected and laid up in store. HoARD'ER, n. One who lays up in store ; one who accu mulates and keeps in secret. HOARDING, ppr. I. Laying up in store. 2. a. Instinctive- ly collecting and laying up provisions for winter. HoARDTNG, n. A laying up in store. t HOAR.ED, a. Moldy ; musty. HoAR'HOUND, n. The name of a plant of bitter taste, the marrubium vulgare, much used as a tonic. HoARI-NESS, n. The state of being white, whitish, or gray. HoARSE (hors), a. 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, as when affected with a cold. 2. Rough ; grating ; dis- cordant, as the voice, or as any sound. HoARSE'-SOUND-ING, a. Making a harsh sound. HoARSE'LY, adv. With a rough, harsh, grating voice or sound. — Dryden. HoARSE'NESS, n. Harshness or roughness of voice cr sound ; preternatural asperity of voice. HoAR'Y, n. 1. White or whitish. 2. White or gray with age. 3. Moldy ; mossy. Knolles. — 4. In botany, grayish white, caused by very short dense hairs covering the sur- face. — Lindley. H5AX, n. [Sax. hucse or hucx.] Something done for de- ception or mockery ; a trick played off in sport. H5AX, v. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or without malice. [A colloquial word.] H5AX.ED, pp. Deceived ; played a trick upon for sport. HoAX'ER, n. One who hoaxes or deceives. — Smart. [Col- loquial] HoAX'ING, ppr. Deceiving ; tricking, without malice. HOB, } n. [Dan. hob.] The nave of a wheel ; a solid niece HUB, 5 of timber in which the spokes are inserted. — Wash- ington. HOB, n. The flat part of a grate at the side, where things are placed to be kept warm. — Smart. HOB, n. A clown ; a fairy. HOB OR NOB. See Hobnob. HOB'-LlKE, a. Clownish ; boorish. — Cotgrave. HOB'BISM, n. The principles of the skeptical Thomaa Hobbes. — Skelton. HOB'BIST, n, A follower of Hobbes, the skeptic. HOB'BLE, v. i. [W. hobelu.] 1. To walk lamely, bearing chiefly on one leg ; to limp ; to walk with a hitch or hop. or with crutches. 2. To walk awkwardly. 3. To move roughly or irregularly, as verse. t HOB'BLE, v. t. To perplex. HOB'BLE, n. 1. An unequal, halting gait ; an encumbered, awkward step. 2. Difficulty ; perplexity. — Rich. Diet. HOB'BLE-DE-HOY, n. A stripling ; a cant phrase for a boy between fourteen and twenty-one. — Swift. HOB'BLER, n. One who hobbles. HOB'BLER, n. One who by his tenure was to maintain a hobby for military service ; or one who served as a soldier on a hobby with light armor. HOB'BLING, ppr. or a. Walking with a halting or inter- rupted step. HOB'BLING-LY, adv. With a limping or interrupted step. HOB'BY, n. [W. hobel.] A species of falcon, extremely ac- tive, and formerly trained for hawking. — Jardine. HOB'BY, n. [Norm., Fr. hobyn.] 1. A strong active horse, of a middle size ; a nag ; a pacing horse ; a garran. 2. A stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride. 3. Any favorite object ; that which a person pursues with zeal or delight. 4. A stupid fellow. HOB'BY-HORSE, n. [Tautological] 1. A hobby ; a wood- en horse on which boys ride. 2. A character in the old May games. — Douce. 3. A stupid or foolish person. — Shah 4. The favorite object of pursuit. HOB-BY-HORS'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to or having a hobby- horse ; eccentric. — Sterne. HOB-BY-HORS'IC-AL-LY, ad. Whimsically.— Sterne. HOB'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy ; a frightful apparition. HOB'I-LER, n. A feudal tenant bound to serve as a light- horseman or bowman ; the same as hobbler. — Brande. Ho'BIT, n. [Sp. hobus.] A small mortar, or short gun. See Howitzer, the common orthography. HOB'NIIL, n. [G. hufnagel] 1. A nail with a thick, strong head, such as is used for Bhoeing horses. 2. A clownish person, [m contempt.] — Milton. HOB'NaILED, a. Set with hobnails ; rough. HOB'NOB, adv. [qu. Sax. habban, nabban.] Take or not take ; a familiar call to reciprocal drinking. — Shah. HOB-O-MOK'KO, n. Among American Indiaiis, an evfl spirit. HOB'SON'S CHOICE, n. A vulgar proverbial expression, denoting a choice in which there is no alternative ; the thing offered or nothing. It is said to have its name from a person at Cambridge, England, named Hobson, who let D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ; — AN'GER, VfCIOUS ;— € as K ; (5 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in this t Obsolete, HOG 496 HOL florsos, and obliged every customer to take the horse that was next the doo/.— Encyc. Amer. Ho'BOY. See Hautboy. BOCK, "i. [Sax. hoh.] 1. The joint of an animal between the knee and the fetlock. 2. A part of the thigh. BOCK, \ v. t. To hamstring ; to hough ; to disable by BOCK'LE, > cutting the tendons of the ham. BOCK, n. [from Hochheim, in Germany.] A highly es- teemed Rhenish wine, of a light yellowish color. fHOCKA-MORE, n. A Rhenish wine. — Hudibras. See Hock. HOCK'DaY, ~)n. High day; a day of feasting and mirth, HoKE'DlY, j formerly held in England, to celebrate the destruction of the Danes by Ethelred. BOCK.ED (hokt), pp. Hamstrung ; disabled by cutting the tendons of the ham. HO-GK'EY, n. 1. Harvest-home. 2. A game at ball played with a club which is curved at the bottom. It seems to be the same with hawkey, as described by Holloway. HOCK'HERB (-erb), n. A plant, the mallows. — Ainsworih. HO€K'LE,_a. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To mow. Ho'CUS Po'CUS, n. [W. hoced, and perhaps bwg or pwca.] A juggler ; a juggler's trick ; a cheat used by conjurers. Ho'CUS Po'CUS, v. t. To cheat.— IS Estrange. HOD, n. [Fr. hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar and brick on the shoulder, furnished with a handle. HOD'D.EN-GRaY, n. Cloth made of wool in its natural state without being dyed. [Scottish.] f HOD'DY-DOD'DY, n. An awkward or foolish person. HODgE'-PODgE, 7n. [qu. Fr. hocher.] A mixed mass ; a HOTCH'-POTCH, j medley of ingredients. [Vulgar.] See Hotchpot. HO-DI-ERNAL, a. [L. hodiernus.] Of this day ; belonging to the present day. HOD'MAN, n. A man who carries a hod. HOD'MAN-DOD, n. 1. A shell-fish, otherwise called dod- man. 2. A shell-snail. BoE (ho), n. [G. haue.] A farmer's instrument for cutting up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and gardens. HoE, v. t. 1. To cut, dig, scrape, or clean with a hoe. 2. To clear from weeds. H5E, v. i. To use a hoe. HO-ED, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe. HoE'lNG, ppr. 1. Cutting, scraping, or digging with a hoe. 2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe. HoE'ING, n. The act of scraping or digging with a hoe. f Ho'FTJL, a. [Sax. hohfull, hogfull.] Careful. HOG, n. [W. hwc.] 1. A swine ; a general name of that species of animal. — 2. In England, a castrated sheep of a year old. — Ash. 3. A bullock of a year old. — Ash: 4. A brutal fellow; one who is mean and filthy. — 5. Among seamen, a sort of scrubbing-broom for scraping a ship's bottom under water. HOG, v. t. 1. To scrape a ship's bottom under water. 2. [G. hocken.] To carry on the back. — Grose ; [local.] 3. To cut the hair short ; as, to hog the mane of a horse. — Smart. HOG, v. i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a hog's back. A ship is said to hog, or be hogged, when she 6inks at the two ends, and has her middle the highest, like the back of a hog. HOG'-HERD, n. A keeper of swine. — Browne. HOG'-PEN, n. [hog and pen.] A hog-sty. HOG -PLUM, n. A tropical tree and its fruit, which is some- what like the common plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. HOG'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to put rings in the snouts of swine. HOG'-SKIN, n. Tanned leather made of the skins of swine. HOG'-STEER, n. [Sax. steor.] A wild boar of three years old. — Cocker am. HOG'-STY, n. A pen or inclosure for hogs. HOG'S'-BeAN, n. A plant, henbane. HOG'S'-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus peucedanum. HOG'S'-MUSH-ROOMS, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. HOG'CoTE, n. [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine ; a sty. — Mortimer. HOGGED (hogd),pp. 1. Scraped under water. 2. Curved ; haying the ends lower than the middle. BOG'GER-EL, n. A sheep of the second year. — Ash. A two-year old ewe. — Ainsworth. FIOG'GET, n. [Norm, hoget.] 1. A sheep two years old. 2. A colt of a year old ; called, also, hog-colt. — Grose ; [local.] 3. A young boar of the second year. — Cyc. HOGGING, ppr. Scraping under water. HOGGISH, a. Having the qualities of a hog; brutish; gluttonous ; filthy ; meanly selfish. HOG'GISH-LY, adv. In a brutish, gluttonous, or filthy man- ner. HOG'GISH-NESS, n. Brutishness ; voracious greediness in eating ; beastly filthiness ; mean selfishness. f HoGH (ho), n. [See High.] A hill ; a cliff.— Spenser. Ho'GO, n. [corrupted from haut gout.] High flavor ; strong scent. See Haut Gout. HOGSHEAD (hogzlied), n. [D. oxhoofd.] 1. A measure o capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or abovit 52g imperial gallons. The old ale hogshead contained 54 ale gallons, or nearly 55 imperial gallons. — 2. In America, this name i3 often given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 wine gallons. 3. A large cask. — Bacon. HOG'WASH, n. [hog and wash.] Swill ; the refuse matters of a kitchen for swine. HoHL'SPATH, n. [Ger.] The mineral otherwise called made, and chiastolite. HOFD.EN (hoid'n), n. [W. hoeden.] 1. A rude, bold girl ; a romp. 2. A rude, bold man. — Milton HOFD.EN, a. Rude ; bold ; inelegant ; rustic. HOFD.EN, v. i. To romp rudely or indecently. HOFD.EN-HOOD, n. State of being a hoiden. HOI'DjEN-ISH, a. Having the manners of. a hoiden. HOIST, v. t. [G. hissen ; D. hyssen.] 1. To raise ; to lift ; to heave. 2. To raise ; to lift or bear upward by means of tackle. 3. To lift and move the leg backward; [ap- plied to an animal.] HOIST, n. In marine language, the perpendicular height of a flag or sail, as opposed to the fly, or breadth from the staff to the outer edge. HOISTED, pp. Raised; lifted; drawn up. HOISTING, ppr. Raising; lifting. HOIT, v. i. [Icel. hauta.] To leap ; to caper. — Beaum. and FL HOI'TY TOl'TY. An exclamation, denoting surprise or dis- approbation, with some degree of contempt. — Congreve. HOL'CAD, n. [Gr. b\xaStov.] In ancient Greece, a large ship of burden —Mitford. HOLD, v. t. ; pret. held ; pp. held. Hoiden is obsolete in ele- gant writing. [Sax. healdan.] 1. To stop ; to ci. nfine ; to restrain from escape ; to detain ; to keep fast ; to retain. 2. To embrace and confine, with bearing or lifting. 3. To connect , to keep from separation. 4. To maintain, as an opinion. 5. To consider ; to regard ; to think ; to judge, that is, to have in the mind. 6. To contain, or to have ca- pacity to receive and contain. 7. To retain within itself; to keep from running or flowing out ; as, the cistern holds water. 8. To defend ; to keep possession ; to maintain. 9. To have. 10. To have or possess by title, as land. 11. To refrain ; to stop ; to restrain ; to withhold ; as, to hold one's tongue. 12. To keep. 13. To fix ; to confine ; to compel to observe or fulfill ; as, to hold one to his engage- ment. 14. To confine ; to restrain from motion. 15. To confine ; to bind ; [in a legal or moral sense.] 16. To maintain ; to retain ; to continue, as a purpose. 17. To keep in continuance or practice ; as, to hold anarchy. — Milton. 18. To continue ; to keep ; to prosecute or carry on, as one's course. 19. To have in session, as a court. 20. To celebrate ; to solemnize, as a feast. 21. To main- tain ; to sustain ; to have in use or exercise, as a contro- versy. 22. To sustain ; to support. 23. To carry ; to wiela. 24. To maintain ; to observe in practice. 25. To last ; to endure ; as, this supply will hold us till our arrival. To hold forth. 1. To offer; to exhibit; to propose. — Locks. 2. To reach forth ; to put forward to view. — To hold in. 1. To restrain ; to curb ; to govern by the bridle. 2. To restrain, in general ; to check ; to repress. — To hola off, to keep at a distance. — To hold on, to continue or proceed in. — To hold out. 1. To extend ; to stretch forth. 2. To propose ; to offer. — Ben Jonson. 3. To continue to do or suffer. — To hold over, to remain in after one's term ha3 ex- pired. — To hold up. 1. To raise. 2. To sustain ; to sup- port 3. To retain ; to withhold. 4. To offer ; to exhibit 5. To sustain ; to keep from falling. — To hold one's own, to keep good one's present condition. — In seamen's lan- guage, a ship holds her own, when she sails as fast as an- other ship, or keeps her course. HOLD, v. i. 1. To be true ; not to fail ; to stand, as a fact or truth. 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. — Shak. 3. To last; to endure. Bacon. — To hold out is now more used. 4. To continue. 5. To be fast ; to be firm; not to give w&y, or part. 6. To refrain. 7. To stick or adhere. To hold forth, to speak in public ; to harangue ; to preach ; to proclaim. — To hold in. 1. To restrain one's self. 2. To continue in good luck. — Swift ; [rare.] — To hold off, ro keep at a distance ; to avoid connection. — To hold of, to be dependent on ; to derive title from. — To hold on. 1. To continue ; not to be interrupted. 2. To keep fast hold; to cling to. 3. To proceed in a course.- -To hold out. 1. To last ; to endure ; to continue. 2. Not to yield ; not to surrender ; not to be subdued. — To held to, to cling or cleave to ; to adhere. — To hold under, or from, to have title from. — To hold with, to adhere to , to side with ; to stand up for. — To hold plow, to direct or steer s plow by the hands, in tillage. — To hold together, to be join- ed ; not to separate ; to remain in union. — To hold up. 1. To support one's self. 2. To cease raining ; to cease, as falling weather ; as, it may hold up. 3. To continue the same speed ; to run or move as fast. Collier. — To hold a wager, to lay, to stake, or to hazard * wager See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c., long.— a, e, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M5\ E, BOOK, HOL 497 HOM Swift.— Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop; cease; forbear ; be still. HoLD, n. 1. A grasp with the hand : an embrace with the arms. 2. Something which may be seized for support ; that which supports. 3. Power of keeping.— Milton. 4. Power of seizing. — Shak. 5. A prison ; a place of confine- ment. 6. Custody; safe keeping.— Shak. 7. Power or influence operating on the mind ; advantage that may be employed in directing or persuading another. 8. Lurk- ing-place ; a place of security. 9. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 10. The whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the lower deck. — 11. In music, a mark directing the performer to rest on the note over which it is placed. H6LD'EA€K, n. Check ; hinderance ; restraint. — Hammond. HoLD'ER, n. 1. One who holds or grasps in his hand, or embraces with his arms. 2. A tenant: one who holds land under another.— Carcw. 3. Something by which a thing is held. 4. One who owns or possesses. — 5. In ships, one who is employed in the hold. H5LD'ER-FoRTH, n. A haranguer ; a preacher HoLD'FAST, n. A general name of various contrivances for securing and holding things in their places, as a long, flat-headed nail, a catch, a hook, &c. HOLDING, ppr. Stopping; confining; restraining; keep- ing ; retaining ; adhering ; maintaining, &c. HoLD'ING, n. 1. A tenure ; a farm held of a superior. — Carew. 2. The burden or chorus of a song. — Shak. 3. Hold ; influence ; power over. — Burke. HoLE, n. [Sax. hoi.] 1. A hollow place or cavity in any solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artifi- cial. 2. An opening in or through a solid body. 3. A mean habitation ; a narrow or dark lodging. 4. An open- ing or means of escape ; a subterfuge. — Arm-hole. 1. The armpit ; the cavity under the shoulder of a person. — Ba- con. 2. An opening in a garment for the arm. — Syn. Hol- low ; concavity ; aperture ; interstice ; perforation ; ex- cavation ; pit ; cave ; den ; cell. HoLE, v. i. To go into a hole. — Ben Jonson. HoLE, v. t. 1. To cut, dig, or make a hole or holes in. 2. To drive into a bag, as in billiards. HOL1-BUT. See Halibut. HOL1-DAM, n. Blessed lady. [An ancient oath.] HOL'I-DaY, n. 1. A day set apart for commemorating some important event in history ; a festival. 2. A day of joy and gayety. 3. A day of exemption from labor ; a day of amusement. See Holyday. HOL'I-DaY, a. Pertaining to a festival. HO'LI-LY, adv. 1. Piously ; with sanctity. Sacredly ; in- violably ; without breach. — Shak. ; [little used.] Ho'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being holy ; purity or in- tegrity of moral character ; freedom from sin. 2. Purity of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ; moral good- ness. 3. The state of any thing hallowed or consecrated to God or to his worship. 4. That which i3 separated to the service of God. 5. A title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors. — Syn. Piety ; devotion ; godli- ness; religiousness ; sanctity; sacredness. HoL'ING-AX, n. A narrow ax for cutting holes in posts. HOL-LoA', ) exclam. A word used in calling. — Among sea- HOL-Lo', 5 men, it is the answer to one that hails, equiv- alent to I hear, and am ready. It is also written holla. HOLLO, ? (hollo or hol-16'), v. i. [Sax. ahlowan.] To call HOL'LA, ) out or exclaim. HOL'LAND, n. Fine linen, first manufactured in Holland. HOL'LAND-ER, n. A native of Holland. HOL'LAND-ISH, a. Like Holland. HOLLANDS, n. A kind of cant term for gin. HOL'LEN. See Holly. HOL'LoW, a. [Sax. hoi.] 1. Containing an empty space ; not solid. 2. Sunk deep in the orbit. 3. Deep; resem- bling sound reverberated from a cavity, or designating such a sound. 4. Not sincere or faithful ; not sound ; as, hollow professions. — Syn. Concave ; sunken ; low ; va- cant ; empty ; void ; false ; faithless ; deceitful ; hollow- hearted. HOL'LoW, n. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; any de- pression of surface in a body ; concavity. 2. A place ex- cavated. 3. A cave or cavern ; a den ; a hole ; a broad, open space in any thing. 4. A pit. 5. Open space of any thing a groove ; a channel ; a canal. HOL'LoW, v. t. [Sax. holian.] To make hollow, as by dig- ging, cutting, or engraving ; to excavate. HOL'LoW or HOL-LoW, v. i. To shout.— Dryden.— Smart. See Holloa and Hollo. HOL'LoW, adv. He carried it hollow ; that is, he beat all his competitors, or he beat all hollow, without difficulty. — Grose. [ Colloquial.] HOL'LoW_EY.ED (-Ide), a. Having sunken eyes. HOL'LoW-HEXRT-ED, a. Not sound and true; of prac- tice or sentiment differing from profession. Butler. — Syn. Faithless ; insincere ; dishonest ; deceitful ; false ; treacherous. HOL'LoW ROOT, n. A small plant, tuberous moschatel. HOL'LoW-SPAR, n. The mineral called, also, diiastolUe. HOL'LoW-SQUaRE, n. A body of foot soldiers drawn up to receive the charge of cavalry, having an empty spaas in the middle to receive the officers, artillery-men, &c . and protected on all sides by a fine of bayonets. HOL'LoWSD, pp. or a. Made hollow; excavated. HOL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making hollow ; excavating. HOL'LoW-LY, adv. Insincerely; deceitfully. HOL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hollow ; cav- ity; depression of surface; excavation. 2. Insincerity- deceitfulness ; treachery. HOL'LY, n. [Sax. holegn.] 1. The holm-tree, of the genua ilex, an evergreen shrub or tree, of slow growth, with prickly leaves and scarlet or yellow berries. 2. The holm oak, quercus ilex, an evergreen oak, often called holly-oa,k. HOL'LY-HO€K, n. [Sax. holihoc] A well-known flower- ing plant of the genus althaea. It is called, also, rose-mallow. HOL'LY-RoSE, n. A scentless plant. — Smart. HoLM, n. 1. The evergreen oak ; the ilex. 2. An islet, or river isle. 3. A low, flat tract of rich land on the banks of a river. t HoLM'lTE, n. [from Mr. Holme.] A variety of carbonate of lime. HOL'O-CAUST, n. [Gr. bXos and Kavaros.] A burnt-sacri- fice or offering, of which the whole was consumed by fire. HOL'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. 6Ao s and ypa ; to profess fealty. HOM'AGE-A-BLE, a. Subject to homage. — Howell. HOMA-GER, n. One who does homage, or holds land of another by homage.— Bacon. HOM'BERG'S PY-ROPH'O-RUS, n. An inflammable com. position, whose essential ingredient is sulphuret of potas sium. HoME, n. [Sax. ham ; G., D. heim.] 1. A dwelling-house the house or place in which one resides. 2. One's own country. 3. The place of constant residence; the seat as, the home of war. — Prior. 4. The grave ; death ; or a future state. 5. The pre nt state of existence. — At home, at one's own house or lodgings. — To be at home, to be con- versant with what is familiar. — Syn. Abode ; residence dwelling ; habitation. H5ME, a. 1. Pertaining to one's dwelling or country ; do- mestic ; as, home manufactures. 2. Close ; severe ; poig- nant ; as, a home thrust H5ME, adv. [This is merely elliptical ; to being omitted.] 1. To one's own habitation ; as, go home. 2. To one's own country. — Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign coun- try. 3. Close ; closely ; to the point ; as, to come home to one. HoME'-BOUND. See Homeward-bound. HoME'BORN, a. 1. Native ; natural. — Donne. 2. Domes- tic ; not foreign. — Pope. HoME'BRED, a. 1. Native ; natural. 2. Domestic ; orig- inating at home ; not foreign. 3. Plain ; rude ; artless ; uncultivated ; not polished by travel. HOME'BUlLT (-bilt), a. Built in our own country.— Jeffer- son. HoME'DRrV-.EN, a. Driven home, as a blow; driven closely. HoME'DWELL-ING, a. Dwelling at home. HoME'FELT, a. Felt in one's own breast ; inward ; pri- vate. — Milton. HoME'KEEP-ING, a. Staying at home ; not gadding.— Shak. HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home. HoME'LI-LY, adv. Rudely ; inelegantly. HoME'LI-NESS, n. 1. Plainness of features ; want of beau- ty. 2. Rudeness ; coarseness. — Addison. HoME'LOT, n. An inclosure on or near which the man- sion-house stands. HoME'LY, a. Originally, belonging to home ; domestic ; hence, 1. Of plain features; not handsome. 2. Plain; iike that which is made for common, domestic use ; rude ; coarse ; not fine or elegant. HoME'LY, adv. Plainly ; rudely ; coarsely. [Little used.] HoME'LYN, n. A species of fish. HoME'MaDE, a. Made at home ; being of domestic man- ufacture. — Locke. HO-ME-O-PATH'IC, a. Pertaining to homeopathy. HO-ME-O-PATH'I-G, a. Pertaining or belonging to homeop- athy. HO-ME-O-PATH'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the method of homeop- athy. HO-ME-OP'ATH-IST, n. A believer in homeopathy. IIO-ME-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. b^oiotradaa ; b/ioios, like, and iraOoS, affection.] The theory of curing diseases with very minute doses of medicine, by producing affections similar to those of the disease. — Med. and Surg. Journal. Ho'MER, }n. A Hebrew measure, containing, as a liquid GHo'MER, 5 measure, ten baths, and as a dry measure, ten ephahs. — Gesenius. HO-MER'IC, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry ; re- sembling Homer's verse. HoME'SICK, a. Depressed in spirits, or grieved at a sep- aration from home. HoME'SIGK-NESS, n. In medicine, nostalgia, grief, or de- pression of spirits occasioned by a separation from one's home orcountry. HOME'SPeAK-ING, n. Forcible and efficacious speaking. — Milton. HoME'SPUN, a. 1. Spun or wrought at home ; of domestic manufacture. 2. Not made in foreign countries. 3. Plain ; e&arse ; rude ; homely ; not elegant, as a proverb. HoME'SPUN, n. 1. Cloth made at home. 2. A coarse, un- polished, rustic person.— Shak. HoME'STALL, ) n. 1. The place of a mansion-house; the HoME'STEAD, 5 inclosure or ground immediately con- nected with the m&nsion. 2. Native seat ; original station or place of residence. [Homestall is but rarely used in the United States.] HoMEWARD, adv. Toward home ; toward one's habita- tion or country. HoME'WARD-BOUND, a. Bound or directing the course homeward, or to one's native land. HOM'I-Cl-DAL, a. [from homicide] Pertaining to homi- cide ; murderous ; bloody. HOM1-CTDE, n. TFr., from L. komicidtum.] 1. The killing of one man or human being by another Homicide is of three kinds, justifiable, excusable, and felcnious. 2. A per son who kills another ; a manslayer. HOM-I-LET'IG, \a. [Gr. fyuX>?nKo?.] 1. Peitaining to HOM-I-LETIC-AL, > homoletics. 2. Social ; [rare.] HOM-I-LET'I€S, n. The science which teaches the princi- ples of adapting the discourses of the pulpit to the spirit- ual benefit of the hearers. — E. T. Fitch. HOM'I-LIST, n. One who preaches to a congregation. HOM'I-LY, n. [Fr. homelie.] A sermon. Thebookofhomiltes, in the English Church, is a collection of plain sermons, pre- pared at the time of the Reformation to be preached by those of the inferior clergy who were not qualified to com. pose discourses themselves. HOM'I-NY, n. [Indian.] In America, maize hulled, or hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water and boiled. HOM'MoCK, n. A hillock or small eminence of a conical form, sometimes covered with trees. — Bartram. HOM'MO-NY. See Hominy. HOM-0-CEN'TRI€, a. [Gr. byioS and Ktvrpov.] Having the same center. HO-MOG'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. buos and ydfiog.] In botany, hav- ing the same essential parts of fructification. HO-MO-GE'NE-AL, la. [Fr. homogene; Gr. bfjLoyevrjS-] Of HO-MO-GE'NE-OUS, ) the same kind or nature ; consisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature. HO-MO-Ge'NE-AL-NESS, \ Words not to be encouraged ; HO-MO-GE-Ne'1-TY. 5 equivalent to HO-MO-Ge'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Sameness of kind or nature. * HO-MOG'E-NY, n. Joint nature.— Bacon. HO-MOI-OP'TO-TON, n. [Gr. huoto;, like, and tttutoS, fall- ing.] A figure in rhetoric in which several parts of the sentence end with the same case or a tense of like sound. HO-MOI-OU'SI-AN, n. or a. [Gr. hpioiovaios.] In Church his- tory, a term applied to the Arians, who held that the Son was like the Father in essence, but not the same. HO-MOL'O-GITE, v. t. [It. omologare.] To approve ; to al- low. — WheatorCs Rep. HO-MO-LOG'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to homology. HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. [Gr. h/xos and \oyoS.] Having the same ratio or proportion ; applied to those sides of simi- lar geometrical figures which are opposite to equal and corresponding angles ; also, to the two antecedents or two consequents of a proportion. HO-MQL'O-GY, n. Affinity depending on structure, and not on similarity of form or use. — Dana. HOM'O-NYM, n. [Gr. hfxoS and ovoua.] A term applied to words which are the same in sound, but differ in significa- tion, as the noun bear, and the verb to bear. — Brande. HO-MONY-MOUS, a. [Gr. ^wvu/zo?.] Equivocal ; ambig- uous ; that has different significations. HO-MONY-MOUS-LY, adv. In an equivocal manner. HO-MON'Y-MY, n. [Gr.b/xwvvn'.a.] Sameness between words which differ in signification ; ambiguity. HO-MO-OU'SI-AN, n. or a. [Gr. b/xoovatoi.] In Church his- tory, a term applied in the fourth century to those who held that the Son had the same essence with the Father ; opposed to homoiousian. HOM'O-PHONE, n. [Gr. fyo? and (puvn.] A term applied to letters or characters which represent the same sound HO-MOPH'O-NOUS, a. Having the same sound. HO-MOPH'O-NY, n. Sameness of sound. HO-MOT'O-N OUS, a. [Gr. fyo? and tovoS-] Equable ; of the same tenor; [applied, to diseases.] — Qjiincy. HO-MOTRO-PAL, a. [Gr. b/xog and rponn.] In botany, a term applied to bodies denoting that they have the same direction as the body to which they belong HoNE, n. [Sw. hen.] A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- ening instruments. HoNE, v. t. To rub and sharpen on a hone. t HoNE, v. i. To pine ; to long. [qu. W. hawn.] H0NE-W6RT, n. An umbelliferous plant, of the genns sison. H5N2SD, pp. Sharpened on a hone. HONEST (on'est), a. [Fr. honnete.] 1. Fair in dealing with others ; disposed to act with fairness. 2. Fair; free from fraud. 3. Unreserved ; according to truth, as a statement 4. Proceeding from pure or just principles, or directed to a good object. 5. Fair ; good ; unimpeached, as charac- ter. 6. Decent; honorable, or suitable ; as, things honest in the sight of all. 7. Chaste ; faithrul.— Shalt. [With ref- erence to this last sense, a man who marries liis concu bine is still said to make an honest woman of her. Smart.] — Syn. Upright; trusty; faithful; equitable; just; right- ful ; sincere ; frank ; candid. t HONEST (on'est), v. t. To adorn ; to grace.— Sa n dys. t HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Adornment ; grace. HON'EST-LY (on'est-ly), adv. 1. With integrity and fair- ness. 2. With frank sincerity ; without fraud or disguise ; according to truth. 3. By upright means ; with upright conduct. 4. Chastely; with conjugal loyalty and fidelity See Synopsis, a. K, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;--PREY ;— MARZNE, Bt'U) ~M<> V E, BOO % HON 499 HOO ■ - Syn. Justly ; fairly ; equitably ; faithfully ; truly ; up- rightly; sincerely; frankly. HON'ES-TY (on'es-ty), re. [Fr. honnitetS; L. honestas.] 1. in principle, an upright disposition ; moral rectitude of heart. —In action, conformity to justice and correct prin- ciples, in all social transactions. 2. Conformity in state- ment to fact ; truth, as in a historian. 3. Frank sincerity. — Shalt. 4. A flowering herb of the genus lunaria. — Syn. Integrity ; probity ; uprightness ; trustiness ; faithfulness ; honor; justice; equity ; "fairness ; candor; plain dealing ; veracity. HON'EY (hun'e), n. [Sax. hunig.] 1. A sweet juice, col- lected by bees from the flowers of plants. 2. Sweetness ; lusciousness. 3. A word of tenderness ; sweetness ; sweet one. Sometimes used adjectively ; as, the music of her honey vows. — Sltak. HGN'EY, v. i. To talk fondly. [Rare.] HON'EY, v. t. To sweeten. H6NEY-BAG, re. The receptacle for honey in a honey-bee. — Grew. H6N'E Y-C5MB (-kome), re. 1. A substance formed by bees into cells for repositories of honey. — 2. Figuratively, a casting of iron or other metal, which has little cells like a honey-comb. — Hebert. HAN'EY-CoMBJSD, a. Having little flaws or cells. H6NEY-DEW -(du), re. A saccharine substance, found on the leaves of trees and other plants. H6N'EY-FLOW-ER, re. An evergreen shrub from the Cape of Good Hope, whose blossoms attract bees. HoN'EY-GNAT (-nat), re. An insect — Ainsworth. H6N'EY-GUlDE (-gide), re. A species of cuckoo in Africa, which, by its motions and cries, points out the nests of bees. — P. Cyc. H6N'EY-HAR'VEST, re. Honey collected.— Dryden. H6N'EY-Lo'€UST, n. A North American tree, armed with thorns, and having wood resembling that of the locust. H6N'EY-MOON, \n. The first month after marriage.— H6NEY-M6NTH, $ Addison. H6NTEY-MOUTH.ED, a. Soft or smooth in speech. HON'EY-STALK (-stawk), re. Clover-flower.— Mason. HON'EY-SToNE. See Mellite. HdN'EY-SUCK'LE (hun'e-sukl), re. A name of certain ehrubby vines, including the woodbine, celebrated for the beauty and fragrance of their flowers. H6N'EY-SU€K-L.ED, a. Covered with honey- suckles. H6N'EY-S WEET, a. Sweet as honey.— Chaucer. H6N'EY-T6NGU£D (-tungd), a. Using soft speech.— Shah. H6N'EY-W6RT, n. A European plant with flowers very attractive to bees. H6N'EY£D (hunldl, a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet. HoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of honey.— Shah. UONG, n. The Chinese name for large factories at Canton, where each nation has a separate hong. Hence, a hong merchant is a Chinese who is authorized to trade with these hongs. — Buchanan. HONIED (hun'id). See Honeyed. HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE. [Fr.] Shame be to him that evil thinks. HON'OR (on'ur), n. [L. honor, honos; Fr. honneur; Sp. honor.] 1. The esteem due or paid to worth ; high esti- mation or praise. 2. A testimony of esteem ; any expres- sion of respect or of high estimation by words or actions. 3. Dignity ; exalted rank or place ; distinction ; fame. 4. Reverence ; veneration. 5. Reputation ; good name. 6. True nobleness of mind; magnanimity. 7. An assumed appearance of nobleness ; scorn of meanness, springing from the fear of reproach, without regard to principle. 8. Any particular virtue much valued ; as bravery in men, and chastity in females. — Shah. 9. Dignity of mien ; noble appearance. — Milton. 10. That which honors ; he or that which confers dignity ; as, he is an honor to his country. 11. Privileges of rank or birth ; [in the plural.] 12. Civil- ities paid ; as, to do the honors. 13. That which adorns ; ornament; decoration; as, "the honors of his head." — Dryden. 14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of the king in capite. — Honors, in games, the four highest cards.— Honors of war, distinctions granted to a vanquished enemy, as of marching out from a camp or entrenchments with all the insignia of military etiquette. Also, the com- pliments paid to great personages when they appear be- fore an armed body of men ; likewise, such as are paid to the remains of a deceased officer. Encyc. Am. — On or upon my honor, words accompanying a declaration which pledge one's honor or reputation tor the truth of it. — Laws of honor, certain rules and regulations, which pre- vail in fashionable society, requiring the strictest attention to outward conduct, and yet allowing the most flagrant breach of moral rectitude. ON'OR (on'ur), v. t. [L. honoro ; Fr. honorer.] 1. To re- vere ; to respect ; t*> venerate ; to treat with deference and submission, and perform relative duties to. 2. To reverence ; to manifest the highest veneration for. in words «nd actions ; to entertain the m'jst exalted thoughts of; to worsmp ; to adore. 3. To dignify ; to raise to distinction or notice ; to elevate in rank or station ; to exalt. 4. To glorify ; to render illustrious. 5. To treat with due cinfi ty and respect in the ordinary intercourse of fife. — 6 h> commerce, to accept and pay when due, iu a draft. HON'OR-A BLE, a. [L. honor abilis ; Fr. honorable.] 1. Hold- ing a distinguished rank in society ; illustrious or noble 2. Possessing a high mind ; actuated by principles of hon- or. 3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble deeds. 4. Consistent with honor or reputation. 5. Respected ; wor- thy of respect ; regarded with esteem. 6. Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with testimonies ot esteem. 7. Proceeding from an upright and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end ; not base ; not reproachful. 8. Not to be disgraced. — Shak. 9. Honest ; without hypocrisy or deceit ; fair. 10. An epithet of re- spect or distinction'; as, the honorable senator. 11. Be- coming men of rank and character. HON'OR- A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being honorable ; eminence ; distinction. 2. Conformity to the principles of honor, probity, or moral rectitude ; fairness. HON'OR-A-BLY, adv. 1. With tokens of honor or respect 2. With a noble spirit or purpose. 3. Without reproach, — Syn. Magnanimously ; generously ; nobly ; worthily ; justly ; equitably ; fairly ; reputably. HON-OR-I'RI-UM, ? n. A term applied in Europe to tho HON'OR-A-RY, $ recompense offered to professors in universities, and to medical or other professional gentle- men for their services. It is equivalent to fee, with the additional idea of being given honoris caicsa, as a token of respect. — Brande. HON'OR-A-RY, a. 1. Conferring honor, or intended merely to confer honor. 2. Possessing a title or place withoul performing services or receiving a reward. HON'OR.ED (on'urd), pp. or a. Respected ; revered ; rev- erenced; elevated to rank or office; dignified; exalted; glorified; accepted. HON'OR-ER, n. 1. One who honors ; one who reveres, reverences, or regards with respect. 2. One who exalts, or who confers honors. HON'OR-ING, ppr. Respecting highly ; reverencing ; ex- alting ; dignifying ; conferring marks of esteem ; accepting and paying. HON'OR-ING (on'ur -ing), re. The act of giving honor. HON'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of honor ; not honored. HOOD, in composition, [Sax. had, hade, G. heii, D. heid, Sw. he't, Dan. hed,] as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or fixedness ; hence quality or character, from some root sig nifying to set, [Sax. hadian, to ordain.] It is equivalent to the termination ness in English, and tas in Latin ; a3, good- ness, [G. gutheit ;] brotherhood, [L. fraternitas.] HOOD, n. [Sax. hod.] 1. A covering for the head used by females. 2. A covering for the head and shoulders used by monks ; a cowl. 3. A covering for a hawk's head or eyes, used in falconry. 4. Any thing to be drawn over the head to cover it. 5. An ornamental fold that hangs down the back of a graduate to mark his degree. 6. A low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the steerage of a ship ; the upper part of a galley-chimney ; the cover of a pump. HOOD, v. t. 1. To dress in a hood or cowl ; to put on a hood. 2. To cover ; to blind, as one's eyes. 3. To cover, as flames.— Dryden. HOOD'-WINK, v. t. 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2. To cover ; to hide. — Sliak. 3. To deceive by external ap- pearances or disguise ; to impose on. HOOD'-WINK J BD'(-winkt),^p. Blinded; deceived. HOOD'- WINK-IN G, ppr. Blinding the eyes ; covering ; hid- ing; deceiving. HOOD'ED, pp. or a. Covered with a hood ; blinded. HOODING, ppr. Covering with a hood. HOOD'LESS, a. _ Having no hood. HOOD'MAN BLIND, re. A play, in which a person blinded is to catch another and tell his name ; blind-man's buff. HOOF, n. [Sax. hof] 1. The horny substance that covcra or terminates the feet of certain animals, as the horse, &c. 2. An animal ; a beast. — Washington. HOOF, v. i. To walk, as cattle.— Wm. Scott. [Little used,.] HOOF'-BOUND, a. A horse is said to be hoof-bound when he has a pain in the fore feet, occasioned by the dryness and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which strait- ens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame. — Far. Diet. HOOF'-TReAD, re. The tread of a hoof; a track. HOOFED (hooft), a. Furnished with hoofs.— Grew. HOOF'LESS, a. Destitute of hoofs. HOOK, n. [Sax. hoc] 1. A piece of iron or other metal bent into a curve for catching, holding, and sustaining any thing. 2. A snare ; a trap. — Shak. 3. [W. hoc, a scythe.] A curved instrument for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle. 4. That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post. Hence, to be off the hooks, is the same as to be off the hinges, or in disorder — Swift., 5. A forked timber in D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ,— AN"GER, WCIOUS.— € as K; (1 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. HOP 500 HOB, aeitp, pheti nlKekeel. 6. A catch ; an advantage ; [a mlgarisu .] — 7 In husbandry, a field sown two years run- ning.— A insworth ; [local.] — By hook and by crook, one way or other ■ by any means, direct or indirect. — Dryden. HOOK, v. t 1. To catch with a hook. 2. To seize and draw, as with a hook. 3. To fasten with a hook. 4. To entrap ; to insnare. 5. To draw by force or artifice. HQOK, v. i. To bend ; to be curving. IIOOK'-NoS^D (-nozd), a. Having a curvated or aquiline nose. — Shak. HOOK' AH, n. A Turkish pipe, in which the smoke ia made to pass through water, for the sake of being cooled. HQQKED (hook'ed or hookt), a. 1. Bent into the form of a hook ; curvated. 2. Bent ; curvated ; aquiline. HOOK-ED, pp. Caught with a hook ; fastened with a hook. HOOK'ED-NESS, n. A state of being bent like a hook. HOOKING, ppr. Catching with a hook ; fastening with a hook. HOOK'Y, a. Full of hooks , pertaining to hooks HO0P, n. [D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A band of wood or metal used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c, or for other similar purposes. 2. A piece of whalebone in the form of a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend their petticoats ; a farthingale. 3. Something resembling a hoop ; a ring ; any thing circular. HOOP, v. t. 1. To bind or fasten with hoops. 2. To clasp ; to' encircle ; to surround. — Shak. HOOP'-PoLE, n. A small, young tree, cut for making hoops. HOOP, v. i. [Sax. heafian, heojlan.] To shout ; to utter a loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit. HOOP, v. t. 1. To drive with a shout or outcry. — Shak. 2. To call by a shout or hoop. HOOP, n. [Sw. /to/.] 1. A shout; also, a measure, equal to a peck. 2. The hoopoe. HOOPED (hoopt), pp. Fastened with hoops. HOOP'ER, n. One who hoops casks or tubs ; a cooper. HOOPING, ppr. Fastening with hoops. HOOPING, ppr. Crying out ; shouting. HOOP'ING-COUGH (-kawf), n. A cough in which the pa- tient hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. HOOP'OO \ n ' 1- Fr ' ku PP e -l A bil- d of the genus upupa. HOO'SIER (hoo'zhur), n. A term applied to the citizens of the State of Indiana. [ United States.] HOOT, v. i. [W. hwd, or hwt.] 1. To cry out or shout in contempt. 2. To cry, as an owl. — Dryden. HOOT, v. t. To drive with cries or shouts uttered in con- tempt. — Swift. HOOT, n. A cry or shout in contempt. — Glanville. HOOT'ED, pp. Driven with shouts of contempt. HOOTTNG, ppr. Shouting in contempt. HOOTTNG, n. 1. A shouting in contempt. 2. The cry of an owl. HOOVE, } n. A disease in cattle, consisting in an excess- HOOV.EN, ) ive inflation of the stomach by gas, ordina- rily occasioned by eating too much green food. — Gardner. HOP, v. i. [Sax. hoppan.] 1. To leap or spring on one leg. 2. To leap ; to spring forward by leaps ; to skip, as birds. 3. To walk lame ; to limp ; to halt. [We generally use hobble.] 4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in the veins ; [obs.] 5. To spring ; to leap ; to frisk about. G. To dance. HOP, n. 1. A leap on one leg ; a leap ; a jump ; a spring. 2. A dance ; [colloquial.] — Hop-o'-my-thumb, a very dimin- utive person. — Grose ; [vulgar.] HOP, n. [D. hop.] A bitter plant, much used in brewing. HOP, v. t. To impregnate with hops. — Mortimer. HOP-BIND, n. The stalk or vine on which hops grow. HOP'-5AST, n. In Kent, a kiln for drying hops HOP'-PICK-ER n. One who picks hops. HOP'-PoLE, n. A pole used to support hops. KOP'-VINE, n. The stalk of hops. HOP-YARD, \n. A field or inclosure where hops are HOP'-GaR-D.EN, 5 raised. HoPE, n. [Sax. hopa.] 1. A desire of some good, accom- panied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from wish and dtsire in this, that it implies some expectation of obtaining the good desired, or the possibility of possessing it. Hope, therefore, always gives pleasure or joy ; whereas wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with pain and anxiety. 2. Confidence in a future event ; the highest de- gree of well-founded expectation of good ; anticipation ; trust. 3. That which gives hope ; he or that which fur- nishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good. 4. An opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded on substantial evidence. HoPE, v. i. [Sax. hopian.] 1. To cherish a desire of good, with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable. 2. To place confidence in ; to trust in with confident expectation of good. HoPE, v. t. To desire with expectation of good, or a belief that it may be obtained, HoPE, n. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. HoPE'-DE-SERTED; a. Deserted by hope ; hopeless. HoP.E D (hopt), pp. Desired with expectation. HoPE'FUL, a. 1. Having qualities which excite hopo; promising or giving ground to expect good or success 2. Full of hope or desire, 'with expectation. — Boyle. HoPE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to raise hope; in a way promising good. 2. In a manner to produce a favor- able opinion respecting some good at the present time 3. With hope ; with ground to expect. HoPE'FUL-NESS, n. Promise of good ; ground to expect what is desirable. — Wotton. HoPE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of hope ; having no expecta- tion of that which is desirable. 2. Giving no ground of hope or expectation of good ; promising nothing desirable — Syn. Desponding; despairing; desperate. HoPE'LESS-LY, adv. Without hope.— Beaum. and Fl. HoPE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being desperate, or afford- ing no hope. HoP'ER, n. One who hopes. — Shak. HoP'ING, ppr. 1. Having hope. 2. Confiding in. HoPTNG-LY, adv. With hope or desire of good. HOP'LlTE, n. [Gr. bir'XiTrjS.] In ancient Greece, a heavy, armed soldier. — Mitford. HOPP.ED (hopt), pp. 1. Leaped on one leg; danced. 2. Impregnated with hops. HOP'PER, n. 1. One who hops or leaps on one leg. 2. A wooden trough or funnel, through which grain passes into a mill, fuel into a furnace, &c. 3. A vessel in which seed- corn is carried for sowing. HOP'PER-BOY, 7i. In mills, a rake moving in a circle, to draw the meal over an opening through which it falls. HOP'PERS, n. A play, in which persons hop or leap on one leg ; hopscotch, which see. — Johnson. HOP'PING, ppr. 1. Leaping on one leg ; springing ; frisk- ing ; dancing. 2. Impregnating with hops. HOP'PING, n. 1. A leaping on one leg ; a springing, frisk- ing, or dancing. 2. A gathering of hops. HOP'PLE, v. t. To tie the feet near together, to prevent leaping. HOP'PLES (-plz), n. pi. Fetters for horses or other animals when turned out to graze. — Brandt. HOP'PO, n. In Cfiina, a collector ; an overseer of com- merce. — Malcom. HOP'SCOTCH, ii. A play among boys. The word scotch refers to lines which are scotched, or traced on the ground, over which the player can pass only by hopping. —Toone. Ho'RAL, a. [L. hora.] Relating to an hour. t Ho'RAL-LY, adv. Hourly. Ho'RA-RY, a. [L. horarius.] 1. Pertaining to an hour ; not ing the hours. 2. Continuing an hour. HORDE, n. [D. horde.] A company of wandering people dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating from place tc place. HOR'DE-IN, n. A substance analogous to starch, found in barley. HoREJHOUND, n. [Sax. hara-hune.] See Hoabhound. HO-Ri'ZON, n. [Gr. bpi^wv ; Fr. horizon; Sp. horizoiite.] 1. A circle touching the earth at the place of the spectator, and bounded by the line in which the earth and skies seem to meet. This is called the sensible horizon. 2. The great circle which divides the earth into upper and lower hemispheres, and separates the visible heavens from the invisible. This is called the rational horizon. — Olmsted. HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the horizon, or relate ing to it. 2. Parallel to the horizon : on a level. 3. Near the horizon. — Milton. HOR-I-ZON'TAL-LY, adv. In a direction parallel to the horizon ; on a level. HOR-I-ZON-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being horizontal. HORN, ii. [Sax., Ger., Sw., Dan. horn.] 1. A hard substance growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly on cloven-footed quadrupeds, usually projecting to some length, and terminating in a point. Horns serve for weap- ons. 2. A wind instrument of music, made of horn ; a trumpet. — 3. In modern times, a wind instrument of music, made of metaL 4. An extremity of the moon, when it is waxing or waning, and forming a crescent. 5. The feeler or antenna of an insect. 6. The feeler of a snail, which may be withdrawn. Hence, to pull in the horns, to repress one's ardor. — Johnson. 7. A drinking-cup, horns being used anciently for cups. Hence, in vulgar language, to take a horn, to drink. 8. A winding stream. Dryden. — 9. Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold. — 10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power HORN, v. t. To cuckold.— Ben Jonson. HORN'-BLoW-ER, n. One who blows a horn. HORN'-BOOK, re. The first book of children, or that ia which they learn their letters and rudiments ; so called from its cover of horn. [Now little used.] HORN-BUG, n. A kind of beetle, of a dark mahogany col- or. — Farm. Encyc. mat u may pe ooiauieu. ^^^ or. — Farm. Encyc. See Synopsis. S, 1, I, > stars. HOR'RP^NT, a. [L. horrens.] Bristled; standing erect, as brietles ; pointing outward. — Milton. hOR'RI-BLE, a. [L. horribilis.] Exciting or tending to ex cite horror.— Syn. Dreadful ; frightful ; fearful ; terrible awful; terrific; shocking; hideous; horrid. HOR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qualities that may ex cite horror ; dreadfulness ; terribleness ; hideousness. HOR'RI-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite horror. HORRID, a. [L. horridus. See Horror.] 1. That does of may excite horror. 2. Rough ; rugged. — Dryden. 3. Very offensive or disgusting ; [colloquial.] — Syn. Frightful j hideous ; alarming ; shocking ; dreadful ; awful ; terrific ; terrible; horrible. HOR'RID-LY, adv. In a manner to excite horror ; dread- fully; shockingly. HOR'RID-NESS, n. The qualities that do or may excite horror; hideousness; enormity. — Hammond. HOR-RIFTG, a. [L. horrificus.] Causing horror. HOR'Rl-FlED, pp. or a. Made horrible ; struck with horroR HOR'RI-Fy, v. t. [L. horror and facio.] To make horrible to strike with horror. — E. Irving. HOR-RIP-I-L I'TION, n. A bristling of the hair of the head or body, resulting from disease or terror. HOR-RIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. horrisonus.] Sounding dreadful- ly ; uttering a terrible sound. HOR'ROR, n. [L.] 1. A shaking, shivering, or shuddering, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. 2. An excessive degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a person tremble ; terror ; a shuddering with fear ; terror, accom- panied with hatred. 3. That which may excite horror or dread ; gloom ; dreariness.— Pope. 4. Dreadful thoughts. 5. Distressing scenes. — The horrors, a result of habits of inebriation ; a state of extreme bodily and mental agita- tion, occasioned by a withdrawment of the customary stimulus. HOR'ROR-STRICK'EN, a. Struck with horror. HORS DE -eOM-BAT' (hor'de kom-ba'). [Fr.] Out of the combat ; disabled to fight. HORSE (hors), n. [Sax. hors.] 1. A species of quadrupeds of the genus equus. The horse is a beautiful animal, and of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. 2. A constellation. 3. Cavalry ; a body of troops serving on horseback. 4. A machine by which something is sup- ported ; usually, a wooden frame with legs. 5. A wooden machine, on which soldiers ride by way of punishment. — 6. In seamen's language, a foot-rope along a yard, to sup- port the sailors while they loose, reef, or furl the sails ; also, a rod or rope along which the edge or the corner of a sail traverses by means of hanks. — To take horse. 1. To set out to ride on horseback. 2. To be covered, as a mare. HORSE, v. t. 1. To mount on a horse. 2. To take or carry on the back. 3. To ride or sit on any thing astride. — Shak. 4. To cover a mare, as the male. HORSE, v. i. To get on horseback. — Shelton. HORSE'-BeAN, n. A small bean, given to horses. HORSE-BLOCK, n. A block or stage that assists persons in mounting and. dismounting from a horse. HORSE -Bo AT, n. 1. A boat used in conveying horses over a river or other water. 2. A boat moved by horses. HORSE'-BOY, n. A boy employed in dressing and tending horses ; a stable-boy. — Knolles. HORSE'-BREIK-ER, n. One whose employment is to break horses, or to teach them to draw or carry. HORSE'-CHEST'NUT, n. A large nut, the fruit of a species of asculus ; or the tree that produces it, a common shane tree. HORSE'-CLOTH, n. A cloth to cover a horse. HORSE'-CoURS'ER, n. 1. One who runs horses, or keeps horses for the race. 2. A dealer in horses. HORSE'-CRAB, n. A crustaceous fish. — Ainsworth. HORSE'-CU'CUM-BER, n. A large, green cucumber. HORSE'-DeAL-ER, 7t. One who buys and sells horses. HORSE'-DRENCH, n. A dose of physic for a horse. •. HORSE'-DUNG, n. The dung of horses. HORSE'-EM-MET, n. A species of large ant. HORSE'-FaCjED (-faste), a. Having a long, coarse face. HORSE'-FLESH, n. The flesh of a horse.— Bacon HORSE'-FLY, 7i. A large fly that stings horses. HORSE'-GUaRDS, n. pi. A body of cavalry for guards. HORSE'-HaIR, n. The hair of horses. HORSE'-HoE (-ho), n. A hoe for cleaning a field by means of horses. HORSE'-JO€K-EY, n. A dealer in the purchase and sale of horses, t HORSE'-KNIVE (-nave), n. A groom.— Chaucer. HORSE'-LaUGH (-laf), n. A loud, boisterous laugh. HORSE'-LEECH, n. 1. A large leech. 2. A farrier. HORSE'-LIT-TER, n. A carriage hung on poles, which are borne by and between two horses. — MiUon. HORSE'-LoAD, n. A load for a horse. HORSE'-MXR-TEN, n. A kind of large bee.— Ainsworth. HORSE'-MeAT, n. Food for horses .• provender. HORSE'-MILL, n. A mill turned bv a horse. HORSE'-MIL'LI-NER, n. [horse and milliner.] One wha supplies ribbons or other decorations for horses. — Strnurt. HORSE'-MINT, n. A species of large mint i>6V* •— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS, -€ as K ; A as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. HOS 502 HOT A stealer of horses. BoRS I' At IS CI F '-rnusl), to. A large muscle or shell-fish. siORSE'-r'ATU, n. pp. Called ; named. — Spenser. t HoTEN, ) HOT'-BED, to. 1. In gardening, a bed of earth and horse- dung, covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates. — 2. Fig- uratively, a place which favors rapid growth or develop- ment ; as, a hot-bed of sedition. HOT-BL60D-ED (-blud-), a. Having hot-blond- high-epir- ited ; irritable. HOT-BRa.IN.ED, a. Ardent in temper ; violent ; r*sh ; Iro- cipkate.— Dryden. HOT-FLuE, to. A heated apartment where calict-J are dried after certain operations. — Ure. HOT-HE AD-ED, a. Of ardent passions ; vehement ; vio lent ; rash. — Arbuthnot. See. Synopsis. A. E. I, ZE £7 (6-tel'de-u'). [Fr.] A hospital. HOTLY, adv. 1. With heat. 2. Ardently ; vehemently ; violently. 3. Lustfully. HOTNESS, n. 1. Sensible heat beyond a moderate degree of warmth. 2. Violence ; vehemence ; fury. HOTSPUR., n. 1. A man violent, passionate, heady, rash, or precipitate. 2. A kind of pea of early growth. HOTSPUR, a. Violent ; impetuous. — Spenser. HOTSPURRED, a. Vehement; rash; heady. HQTTEN-TOT, n. 1. One belonging to a South African tribe, formerly esteemed the most degraded of the human race. 2. A savage, brutal man. HOTTEN-TOT-CHER'RY, n. A plant HOU'DAH, 7i. A seat to be fixed on a camel's back. HOUGH (hok), n. [Sax. koh.] 1. The lower part of the thigh ; the ham. 2. An adz ; a hoe ; [not in use.) HOUGH (hok), v. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To cut with a hoe ; [obs.] HOUGHED (hokt), pp. Hamstrung ; disabled by cutting the sinews of the ham. HOU'LET, ». An owl. See Howlet. HoULT. See Holt. HOUND, 7i. [Sax., Ger., Sw., Dan., Scot, hund.] A generic name of the dog : but in English it is confined to a partic- ular breed used in the chase. HOUND, v. t. 1. To set on the chase. "2. To hunt ; to chase. HOUND'-FISH, 7i. A fish of the shark family. HOUND'-TREE, n. A kind of tree.— Ainsworth. HOUNDS, n.pl. In seamen's language, the projecting parts of the head of a mast- — Mar. Diet. HOUND'S'-ToNGUE (-tung), n. A succulent plant, com- mon on the roofs of European buildings. HOUP. See Hoopoo. HOUR (our), 7i. [L., Sp. hora; Fr. heure.] 1. A space of time equal to one twenty-fourth part of a day. It consists of sixty minutes. 2. Time ; a particular time ; as, the hour of death. 3. The time marked or indicated by a chronom- eter, clock, or watch ; the particular time of the day. — To keep good hours, to be at home in good season. — In the Ro- man Catholic Church, hours, in the plural, certain prayers at particular periods of the day, as vespers and matins. — In mythology, the Hours (horae) were divinities regarded either as the goddesses of the seasons or of the hours of the day. — Brande. HOUR'-CtR-GLE, n. In astronomy, a meridian; so called because the arcs of the equator intercepted between the meridians are used as measures of time. — Olmsted. HOUR'-GLXSS (our'-glas), 7i. 1. A chronometer that meas- ures intervals of time by the running of sand from one glass vessel to another through a small aperture. 2. Space of time. — Bacon. HQUR'-HAND, n. The hand or pointed pin which shows the hour on a chronometer. HOUR'-PLITE (our'-plate), n. The plate of a time-piece on which the hours are marked ; the dial. — Locke. HOUR I, 7i. Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise. HOURLY (ourly), a. 1. Happening or done every hour ; frequent ; often repeated. 2. Continual. HOUR'LY (ourly), adv. Every hour ; frequently. \ HOUS'AdE, 7i. A fee for keeping goods in a house. HOUSE (hous), 7i. [Sax., Goth., Sw., Scot, hus.) 1. A build- ing intended or used as a habitation ; a building or edifice for the habitation of man ; a dwelling-place, mansion, or abode for any of the human species. 2. An edifice or building approbated to the service of God ; a temple ; a cnuroii. 6. A monastery ; a college ; as, a religious house. —Addison. 4. The manner of living ; the table ; as, to Keep a good house, a miserable house. Swift. — 5. In astrol- ogy, the station of a planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens. 6. A family of ancestors ; descov.* ants and kindred ; a race of persons from the same stoeK. a tribe ; particularlyapplied to a noble family ; as, the hous. of Brunswick. 7. One of the estates of a kingdom assem bled in parliament or legislature ; a body of men united iv their legislative capacity. 8. The quorum of a legislative body ; the number of representatives assembled who are constitutionally empowered to enact laws. — 9. In mercan- tile affairs, a firm or commercial establishment; as, the house of Barmg and Brothers. — 10. In Scripture, these who dwell in a house, and compose a family ; a household. 11. Wealth ; estate. 12. The grave ; as, the house appointed for all living. — Job, xxx., 23. 13. Household affairs ; do- mestic concerns. 14. The body ; the residence of the 60ul in this world. 15. The church among the Jews. 16. A place of residence. 17. A square Q.r division on a chess- board. — House of correction, a prison for the punishment of idle and disorderly persons, vagrants, trespassers, a. Pained, pinched, or weakened by HUN'GER-BIT-TEN, j hun-er. HUN"GER-STXRVED, a. Starved with hunger; pinched by want of food. — Dryden. HUN"GER-RTUNG, a. Stung by hunger.— Drake. HUN'GERED, pp. or a. Pinched by want of food'; hungry. flUN'GER-ING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of food ; desiring eagerly ; longinsr for ; craving. IIUN"GER-LY, a. Hungry ; wanting food.— Shah. HUN"GP;R-LY, adv. With keen appetite.— Shak. [Rare.] tHUN"GRED, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food. HUN"GRI-LY, adv. With keen appetite ; voraciously Dryden. HUW'GRY, a. 1. Having a keen appetite; feeling pain or uneasiness from want of food. 2. Having an eager desire. 3. Lean ; emai-iated, as if reduced by hungei : as, a hurt, gry look. — Shak. 4. Not rich or fertile; poor; barren; requiring substances to enrich itself ; as, a hungry gravel — Mortimer. HUNKS, n. A covetous, sordid man ; a miser ; a niggard HUNS, n. pi. [L. Hunni.] The Scythians who conquered Pannonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary. HUNT, v. t. [Sax. huntian.] 1. To chase wild animals, par- ticularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for food, or for the diversion of sportsmen ; to pursue with hounds for taking, as game. 2. To go in search of, for the purpose of shooting. 3. To pursue ; to follow closely. 4. To use, direct, or manage hounds in the chase. Addison. — To hunt out or after, also, to hunt up, to seek ; to search for. Locke. — To hunt from, to pursue and drive cut or away. — To hunt down, to depress ; to bear down by per- secution or violence. HUNT, v. i. 1. To follow the chase. 2. To seek wild ani- mals for game, or for killing them by shooting when nox- ious. 3. To seek by close pursuit ; to search. — To hunt counter, to trace the scent backward in hunting ; to go back. Shak. ; [obs.] — To run counter is still used. HUNT, n. 1. A chase of wild animals for catching them. 2. A huntsman ; [obs.] 3. A pack of hounds.— Dryden. 4. Pursuit ; chase. 5. A seeking of wild ammals of any kind for game. 6. An association of huntsmen ; as, the Caledonian hunt. HUNT-COUNTER, n. A dog that runs back on the scent, and hence is worthless. — Shak. HUNTED, pp. or a. Chased ; pursued ; sought. HUNTER, n. 1. One who pursues wild animals with a view to take them, either for sport or food. 2. A dog that scents game, or is employed in the chase. 3. A horse used in the chase. HUNTING, ppr. Chasing for seizure ; pursuing ; seeking ; searching. HUNTING, n. 1. The act or practice of pursuing wild animals, for catching or killing them. 2. A pursuit; a seeking. HUNTING-HORN, n. A bugle ; a horr used tJ cheer the hounds in pursuit of game. HUNTING-HORSE, \n. A horse used in hunting.— But, HUNTING-NAG, $ ler. HUNTING-SeAT, n. A temporary residence for the pur- pose of hunting. — Gray. HUNTRESS, n. A female that follows the chase. HUNTS'MAN, n. 1. One who practices hunting. 2. The servant whose office it is to manage the chase. HUNTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The art or practice of hunting ; the qualifications of a hunter. HUR'DEN, n. A coarse kind of linen. [Local, or obs.] HUR'DLE, n. [Sax. hyrdel.] 1. A texture of twigs, osier9, or sticks ; a crate of various forms, according to its desti- nation. — 2. In England, a crate or sled on which crim- inals were dragged to execution. Bacon.— 3. hi fortifica- tion, a collection of twigs or sticks interwoven croselyand sustained by long stakes. — 4. In husbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks wattled together, serving for gatesi inclosures, &c. HUR'DLE, v. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with hurdles. — Seward. HURDS, n. The coarse part of flax or hemp. See Hards. HUR'DY-GUR'DY, n. A stringed instrument of music whose sounds are produced by the friction of a wheel and regulated by the fingers. — Porter. HURL,.?;, t. [Arm. harlua?] 1. To throw with violence ; to drive with great force. 2. To utter with vehemence ; [not in use.] 3. To play at a kind of game. HURL, v. i. To move rapidly ; to whirl. — Thomson. [Rare.] HURL, n. 1. The act of throwing with violence. 2. Tu- mult ; riot ; commotion. — Knolles. HURL'-BAT, n. A whirl-bat ; an old kind of weapon. HURL'BoNE, n. In a horse, a bone near the middle of the buttock. — Encyc. HURLED, pp. Thrown with violence. HURL'ER, n. One who hurls, or who plays at hurling. HURL'ING, ppr. Throwing with force ; playing at hurling. HURL'WIND, n. A whirlwind, which see. — Sand,ys. HUR'LY; \n. [Dan. hurl om burl ; Fr. hurhi-burlu.] HUR'LY-BTJR'LY, 5 Tumult ; bustle ; confusion.— Shak HUR-RA', > . , . . . . HUR.-RY.H > An exclamation oi joy or surprise. HUR/RI-CANE, n. [Sp. huracan, for furacan.] A vio-en1 storm, distinguished by the vehemence of the wind, and the sudden changes to which it is subject. Brande. — Bur. ricane deck, a name given to the upper deck of sream. boats, which, from its height, is liable to be injured by sudden and violent winds. HUR'RIED (hurYid), pp. or a. Hastened ; urged or im^efr ed to rapid motion or vigorous action. HUR'RIED-LY, adv. In a hurried manner.— Bowring HUR'RIED-NESS, n. State of being hurr'ed.— Scott. HUR/RI-ER, n. One who hurries, urg-.s, or impels. * Sec Synopsh A., E, I, Sec, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE. BiRD ;— Mo VE. BOOK. HUS 507 HYA HUR/RY, v. t. *L. curro ; Fr, courir.] 1. To impel to great- er speed ; to drive or press forward with more rapidity ; to urge to act or proceed with more celerity. 2. To drive or impel with violence. 3. To urge or drive with precip- itation and confusion ; for confusion is often caused by hurry. — To hurry away, to drive or carry away in haste. — Syn. To hasten ; precipitate ; expedite ; quicken ; ac- celerate. HUR'RY, v. i. To move or act with haste ; to proceed with celerity or precipitation. HUR'RY, 7i. 1. A. driving or pressing forward in motion or business. 2. Pressure ; urgency to haste. 3. Precipita- tion that occasions disorder or confusion. 4. Tumult; bustle ; commotion ; as, hurry of thought. HUR'RY-SKURHY, adv. Confusedly ; in a bustle. HUR'RY-ING, ppr. Driving or urging to greater speed ; pre- cipitating. HUR'RY-ING, n. The urging to greater speed ; rapidity of motion. HUR'RY-ING-LY, adv. In a hurrying manner. HURST, n. [Sax. hurst or hyrst.] A wood or grove. HURT, v. t. ; pret and pp. hurt. [Sax. hyrt.] 1. To bruise ; to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to the body. 2. To wound ; to injure or impair the sound state of the body, as by incision or fracture. 3. To harm ; to damage ; to injure by occasioning loss. 4. To injure by dhninution ; to impair. 5. To injure by reducing in qual- ity ; to impair the strength, purity, or beauty of. 6. To harm ; to injure ; to damage, in general. 7. To wound ; to injure ; to give pain to ; to grieve, as one's feelings. HURT, n. 1. Any thing that gives pain to the body. — 2. In a general sense, whatever injures or harms; as, I have done it to my hurt. — Syn. Wound ; bruise ; injury ; harm ; damage; loss; detriment; mischief; bane; disadvantage. HURT'ER, 7i. One who hurts or does harm. HURTERS, 71. pi. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a plat- form, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injuring the parapet. HURTFUL, a. Occasioning loss or destruction ; tending to impair or destroy. — Syn. Pernicious ; destructive ; harm- ful ; baneful ; prejudicial ; detrimental ; disadvantageous ; mischievous ; injurious ; noxious ; unwholesome. EIURTFUL-LY, adv. Injuriously; mischievously. HURT'FtJL-NESS, ti. Injuriousness ; tendency to occasion loss or destruction ; mischievousness. f HURTLE (hur'tl), v. i. [from hurt.] To clash or run against ; to jostle ; to skirmish ; to meet in shock and en- counter ; to wheel suddenly. f HURTLE, v. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity. — Spenser. 2. To push forcibly ; to whirl. HURTLE-BER-RY, ti. A whortleberry, which see. HURTLES, ) ti. pi. A name of horses among the Highland- HURTELS, 5 ers in Scotland. HURTLESS, a. 1. Harmless ; innocent ; doing no injury ; innoxious. 2. Receiving no injury. HURTLESS-LY, adv. Without harm. [Little used.] HURTLESS-NESS, ti. Freedom from any harmful quality. — Johnson. [Little used.] HUS'BAND, ti. [Sax. husbonda.] 1. A man contracted or joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a woman is betrothed. — 2. In seamen's language, the owner of a ship who manages its concerns in person. 3. The male of animals of a lower order. — Dryden. 4. An econo- mist ; a good manager ; a man who knows and practices the methods of frugality and profit ; [7iot used in America.] 5. A farmer ; a cultivator ; a tiller of the ground. [For this last, husbandman is used in America.] HUS'BAND, v. t. 1. To direct and manage with frugality in expending any thing ; to use with economy. 2. To till ; to cultivate with good management. — Bacon. 3. To sup- ply with a husband ; [little used.] HUS'BAND-A-BLE, a. Manageable with economy. [Bad.] HUS'B AND-ED, pp. Used or managed with economy ; well- managed. HUS'BAND-ING, ppr. Using or managing with frugality. IIUS'BAND-ING, ti. The laying up or economizing ; frugal management. HUS'BAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a husband. HUS'BAND-LY, a. Frugal; thrifty. [Little -used.] HUS'B AN D-MAN, n. 1. A farmer ; a cultivator or tiller of the ground ; one who labors in tillage. 2. The master of a family. — Chaucer. HUS'B AND-RY, n. 1. The business of a farmer ; farming ; agriculture. 2. Frugality ; domestic economy ; good man- agement; thrift; usually with good. 3. Care of domestic affairs. — Shak. HUSH, a. [G. huschJ* Silent ; still ; quiet ; as, they are hush aa dsath. HUSH, v. t. To sail , to silence ; to calm ; to make quiet ; to repress noise.— Shak. 2. To appease ; to allay ; to calm. HUSH, v. i. To be still ; to be silent.— Spenser. HUSH, imperative of the verb, used as an exclamation, be still ; D6VE7 be silent or quiet; make no noise.— To husk up, to sup press ; to keep concealed. — Pope. HUSHED (husht), pp. Stilled; silenced; canned. HUSHING, ppr. Silencing; calming. HUSH -M6N-EY (-rnun-ny), 7i. A bribe to secure silence money paid to hinder information, or disclosure * facts. HUSK, ti. [qu. W. gwisg.] The external covering of cer tain fruits or seeds of plants. HUSK, v. t. To strip off the external integument or covel ing of the fruits or seeds of plants. HUSKED (huskt), pp. 1. Stripped of its husks. 2. a. Cov- ered with a husk. HUSK'I-LY, adv. In a husky manner ; dryly ; roughly. HUSK'I-NESS, ti. 1. The state of being dry and rough, like a husk. — 2. Figuratively, roughness of sound ; as,~ huskl ness of voice. HUSK'ING, ppr. Stripping off husks. HUSK'ING, ti. The act of stripping off husks. HUSK'Y, a. 1. Abounding with husks ; consisting of husks 3. Rough, as sound 2. Resembling husks ; dry ; rough harsh; whizzing. Hu'SO, ti. A large fish of eastern Europe, allied to the sturgeon. HUS-SaR', ti. [Tartar, uswar.] A mounted soldier or horse- man, originally among the Hungarians, but now in all tho armies of Europe. Their arms are light, and consist of a sabre, a carbine, and pistols.— Brande. HUSS'lTE, ti. A follower of John Huss, the reformer of Bohemia, who was burned alive in 1415. HUS'SY, ti. [contracted from huswife, housewife.] 1. A bad or worthless woman. 2. An economist ; a thrifty woman. — Tusser. HUSTINGS, n.pl. [Sax. hustinge.] 1. A court held in Guild- hall, in London, before the lord-mayor and aldermen of the city ; the supreme court or council of the city. 2. The place where an election of a member of Parliament is held. — Burke. HUSTLE (hus'l), v. t. [D. hutselen.] To shake together in confusion ; to push or crowd. HUSTLED (husld). pp. Shaken together. HUSTLING, ppr. Shaking together. * HUS'WiFE (huz'zif), ti. 1. A worthless woman.— Shak [See Hussy.] 2. A female economist; a thrifty woman. — Shak. * HUS'WiFE (huz'zif), v. t. To manage with economy and frugality. * HUS'WIFE-RY Chuz'zif-reY n. The business of managing the concerns of a family by a female; female manage- ment HUT, ti. [G. hutte ; D. hut.] A small house, hovel, or cabin ; a mean lodge or dwelling ; a cottage. HUT, v. t. To place in huts, as troops encamped in winter- quarters. — Smollett. HUT, v. i. To take lodgings in huts. — T. Pickering. HUTCH, ti. [Fr. huche.] 1. A chest or box ; a corn-chest or bin ; a case for rabbits. — Mortimer. 2. A rat-trap. HUTCH, v. t. To hoard ; to lay up as in a chest. — Milton. HUTCHED (hutcht), pp. Deposited in a chest. HUTCHING, ppr. Depositing in a hutch. HUTCH-IN So'NI-AN, n. A follower of the opinions of John Hutchinson, of \ orkshire, England. HUTTED, pp. Lodged in huts.— Mitford. HUTTING, ppr. Placing in huts ; taking lodgings in huts. HUX, v. t. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened to floating bladders. — Encyc. t HUZZ, v. i. To buzz.— Barret. HUZ-Za', ti. A shout of joy. See Hurkah. HUZ'Za.', v. i. To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclama- tion in joy or praise. HUZ-Za', v. t. To receive or attend with shouts of joy. HUZ-ZaED'. pp. 1. Uttered in shouts of joy. 2. Received with shouts of joy. HUZ-Z A'ING, ppr. Shouting with joy ; receiving with shouts of joy. HUZZAING, 71. A shouting with joy; a receiving with shouts of joy. HY'A-CINTH, ti. [L. hyacinthus.] 1. In botany, a beautiful bulbous-rooted flowering plant of many varieties. — 2. In mineralogy, a red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. HY-A-CINTH'INE, a. Made of hyacinth , consisting of hy. acinth ; resembling hyacinth. — Milton. Hy'A-DeS, ) n.pl. [Gr. {w<5fy.] In astronomy, a cluster of f»ve Hy'ADS, j stars in the Bull's face, supposed by the an- cients to bring rain. HY'A-LlNE, a. [Gr. ia'XivoS.] Glassy; resembling gVies; consisting of slass. — Milton. H V'A-LlTE, 7i. [Gr. hoXoi.] A variety of opal, looking lik-J colorless gum or resin ; also called Muller's glass. HY'A-LOID, a. [Gr. ia'Xos and aSoS.] A term applied to transparent membranes, especially that which invests th* vitreous humor of the eye. BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S a? Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. HFD 508 HYD EY-iJER'NA-€LE, ) t Hibernacle, HfBER-NiTE, S Seel Hibernate, Hy-BER-Na'TION ) (Hibernation. Hf 'BRED or HYBItlD, n. A mongrel ; an animal or plant, produced from the mixture of two species. — Let Hy'BRID, I a. Mongrel ; produced from the mixture HYB'RID-OUS, > of two species. Hf'BRID-ISM, In. State of being the offspring of two Hf-BRID'I-TY, > species. Hf DAGE, n. In late, a tax on lands, at a certain rate by the hide. — Blackstone. HYD'A-TID, n. A intestinal worm of the genus hydatis, which see. HYD'A-TIS, n. [Gr. vSaris-] A kind of small worm, a genus of entozoa, found in various textures and cavities of the human body. HY'DRA, n. [L. hydra.] 1. A water serpent. — In fabulous history, a serpent or monster, represented as having many heads, slain by Hercules. Hence, any manifold evil. 2. A genus of minute fresh-water polyps. 3. A southern constellation, containing 60 stars. Hf -DRAC'ID, a. [Gr. v6u>p, and acid.] An acid whose base is hydrogen. Hf TJRA-GOGUE (hi'dra-gog), n. 'Gr. v5payioyo$.] A medi- cine that occasions a discharge of watery humor3. HY-DRAN'GE-A, n. [Gr. hSup and ayyeiov.] 1. An aquatic flowering plant. 2. The name of a genus of flowering shrubs. Hf DRANT, n. [Gr. vSpaivw.] A pipe or machine, by which water is raised_and discharged. Hf-DRiR'GlL-LlTE, n. [Gr. i,6up and apyiXXoS-] A min- eral, called also wavellite. Hf -DRARGO-CHLoFtlD, n. A compound of bichlorid of mercury (corrosive sublimate) with another chlorid. — Brande. Hf-DRAR'GY-RUM,7t. [Gr. vSup and apyvpiov.] Quicksilver. HYDRATE, n. [Gr. vdwp.] In chemistry, a compound in definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water. HYDRa-TED, a. Made into a hydrate. HY-DRAUL'I-G, \a. [Fr. hydraulique ; L. hydraulicus.] Hf-DRAUL'I€-AL, > Pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion. — Hydraulic lime, a kind of lime which, when formed into mortar, becomes hard in water ; otherwise called water lime or cement. — Hydraulic press, see Hydro- static Press. — Hydraulic ram, see Ram. Hf-DRAUL IC-ON, n. An ancient musical instrument acted upon by water ; a water organ. Hf-DRAULT€S, ti. The science of fluids in motion; a branch of hydrodynamics. — Edin. Encyc. Hf-DREN-TER'O-CELE, n. [Gr. bSup, evrepov, and Kn\ v .] A hernial tumor, whose contents are intestine, with the addition of water. Hf DRI-AD, ti. In mythology, the name of a kind of water- nymph. HYD'RI-O-DATE, n. A supposed salt formed by the hydri- odic acid with a base. — De Claubry. HYD-RI-OD'I€, a. [hydrogen and iodic] A term denoting a peculiar acid, composed of hydrogen and iodine. Hf-DB.O-BRo'MI€, a. Composed of hydrogen and bromine. Hf-DRO-CIRBON, n. A compound of hydrogen and car- bon. Hy-DRO-€aR'BON-ATE, n. [hydrogen, and L. carbo.] Car- bureted hydrogen gas. HY-DRO-€aR'BU-RET, n. Carbureted hydrogen. Hf TjRO-CeLE, ti. [Gr. ISpoKn^n.] A dropsy of the vaginal tunic of the spermatic cord. Hf-DRO-CEPH'A-LUS, n. [Gr. Uwp and KEipaXn.] Dropsy of the head. — Coze. Hf-DRO-€HLo'RATE, ti. A supposed compound of hy- drochloric acid and a base ; formerly called a muriate. It is reallv a chlorid. — Journ. of Science. Hf-DRO-€HL5Td€, a. Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid, a compound of chlorine and hvdrogen gas. — Brande. Hf-DRO-€Y'A-NATE, ti. A supposed compound of hydro- cyanic acid with a base. HY-DRO-CY-AN'I€, a. [hydrogen, and Gr. Kvavos.} A term applied to an acid whose base is hydrogen, and its acidify- ing principle cyanogen. This acid, as well as some others, has sometimes been called prussic acid. HY-DRO-DY NAM'IC, a. [Gr. v^p and cvvauLS-] Pertaining to the force or pressure of water. Hf -D R O-DY-NAMTCS, n. That branch of P.atural philoso- phy which treats of the properties and relations of water and other fluids, whether at rest or in motion. — Edin. Encyc. Hf-DRO-FLu'ATE, n. A supposed compound of hydroflu- oric acid and a base. H?-DRO-FLU-OR'I€, a. [Gr. viwp, and L.fluorr Consist- ing of fluorine and hydrogen. HfDRO-GiN, n. [Gr. vd~up and yevvao).] In chemistry, a gas which constitutes one of the elements of water. It is file lightest of aeriform bodies, and hence has been used to fill balloons. It is highly inflammable. Hf 'DRO-GEN-1TE, v. t. To combine hydrogen with any thing, Hy'DRO-GEN-a-TED, pp. In combination with hvdrogen. HY'DRO-GEN-lZE. v. t. To combine with hydrogen. Hf 'DRO-GEN-lZ£D, pp. Combined with hydrogen. Hy'DRO-GEN-IZ-ING, ppr. Combining with hydrogen. HY-DROG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to hydrogen. HY-DROG'RA-PHER n. One who draws maps of the sea lakes, or other waters ; one who describes the sea or other waters. HY-DRO-GRAPH'I€, \a. Relating to or containing a HY-DRO-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 description of the sea, sea-cca9t, isles, shoals, depth of water, &c, or of a lake. HY-DROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. h6u>p and ypaQrj.] The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters ; or the art of forming charts of the sea, &c. HY-DROG'U-RET, n. A compound of hydrogen witfc a base ; a hydruret [Little used.] Hf 'DRO-LlTE, n. [Gr. vSwp and XidoS-] A minera^ occur- ring in prismatic crystals. Hy-DRO-LOg'I€-AL, a. Pertaining to hydrology. Hf-DROL'O-GY, 7i. [Gr. bdup and Aoyoc.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and laws. HyDRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. vbwp and fiavrua.] A method of divination by water. Hf -DRO-MAN'TIG, a. Pertaining to divination by water. HY'DRO-MEL, n. [Fr. ; Gr. {><5wp and /xeXi.] A liquor con- sisting of honey diluted in water. Hf-DROM'E-TER, n. An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors. Hf -DRO-MET'RIC, \ a. 1. Pertaining to a hydrometer, or HY-DRO-METRIC-AL, 5 to the determination of the spe- cific gravity of fluids. 2. Made by a hydrometer. HY-DROM'E-TRY, n, [Gr. I6u>p and uerpov.] The ait of de- termining- the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors. Hf -DRO-PATH'IC, a. Pertaining to hydrooathy. HY-DROP'A-THIST, n. One who practices hydropathy. HY-DROP'A-THY, n. [Gr. Uup and midos.] The water- cure ; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and fre- quent use of pure water, both internally and externally. HfDRO-PHANE, n. [Gr. hhup and p and cKoireu).] A kind of wa- ter-clock ; an instrument anciently used to measure time, by the flowing of water through a small orifice. Hf-DRO-STATI€. \ a. [Gr^wp and otutikoS.] Relat- Hf-DRO-STATI€-AL, 5 ing to the science of weighing fluids, or hydrostatics. — Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertain- ing their specific gravities. Brande. — Hydrostatic preas, n machine for obtaining an enormous pressure through the medium of water. — Brande. Hf -DRO-STAT'IC-AL-LY, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. — Bentley. Hf-DRO-STAT'I€S, n. The science which treafe of tlv., properties and pressure of fluids at rest. Hv-DRO-SHL'PHATE, n. The same as hydrosulphurei. Hy-DRO-SUL'PHU-RET, n. A combination of sulphureted hydrogen with an earth, alkali, or metallic oxyd. HY-DRO-SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with sulphur eted hydrogen. _ HY-DRO-SUL-PHu'RIC, a. Hydro sulphuric acid is the same as sulphureted hydrogen, sometimes called hydrotLiomc acid. Hf-DRO-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. ISup and $upal.] Dropsy in the chest. — Core. Hy-DROTIC, a. [Gr. hSwp.] Causing a discharge of watei. Hy-DROTIC, n. A medicine that purges off water. Hf-DROX-AN'THATE, n. [Gr. b&wp and lavBos ] In zhen- istry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a baie. [ > lare. J Set Synopsis. A, E, I. ; Mo V p, and oxyd.] A metallic oxyd combined with water ; a metallic hydrate. HYDRU-RET, 7i. A combination of hydrogen destitute of acidity. HYDRUS, n. [Gr. iSwp.] A water-snake ; also, a new con- . stellation near the South Pole. HY-e'MAL, a. [L. hiems.] Belonging to winter ; done in winter. f HY'E-MITE, v. i. To winter at a place. HY-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. hiemo.] The passing or spending of a winter in a particular place. MY' EMS, n. [L.] Winter.— Shak. HY-E'NA, n. [L. hycena.] A quadruped about the size of a dog, of a fierce and untamable character, which feeds on flesh, and has sometimes the name of tiger-wolf. Shaks- peare has hy'en for hyena. HY-GE'IAN, a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health. H¥-Gl-El'NA, } n. Health, or the art or science of preserv- HY-Gl-El'NE, ^ ing health. That department of medicine HY-Ql-ENE', ) which treats of the preservation of health. HY-Gl-EN'IG, a. Pertaining to health. Hf-GROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. vypos and Xoyog.] In medicine, the doctrine of the fluids or humors of the body. HY-GROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. hypos and nsrtxov:] An instru- ment for measuring the moisture of the atmosphere. HY-GRO-METRIG, \a. 1. Pertaining to hygrometry ; HY-GRO-METRIG-AL, 5 made by or according to the hy- grometer. 2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture, as potash. — Brandt. Hf-GROM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the moisture of the air. Hf'GRO-SGOPE, n. [Gr. hypos and gkotteu).] The same as hygrometer. H?-GRO-SGOP'IG, a. Pertaining to the hygroscope ; having the property of readily imbibing moisture from the at- mosphere. t HY-GRO-STATIGS, n. [Gr. hypos and arariKn.] The sci- ence of comparing degrees of moisture. H?KE, n. [Ar.] A loose Arabian garment. See Haik. HY-LiE-O-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. vXaios, belonging to wood, and ' oavpos, a lizard.] An extinct animal, which blended the osteology of the crocodile and the lizard. — Mantell. [Some- times written hylaosaur.] HY-LaR'GHIG-AL, a. [Gr- vXn and apxv-] Presiding over matter. — Hallywell. HY'LO-IST, n. One who believes matter to be a god. HY'LO-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. bXn and $eos.] The doctrine or belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe. HY-LO-Zo'IG, n. [Gr. bXn and ^wn.] One who holds matter to be animated. — Clarke. HY-LO-Zo'IG, a. Pertaining to hylozoism. HY-LO-Zo'ISM, n. [Gr. iXv, matter, and £>»?, life.] The doc- trine that matter possesses a species of life. — Cudworth. HY-LO-Zo'IST, n. One who holds that matter and every particle of it has a species of life or animation. HYM, n. A species of dog. Qu. — Sfiak. HY'MEN, n. [L.] 1. In ancient mythology, a fabulous deity, supposed to preside over marriages. — 2. In anatomy, the virginal membrane. — 3. In botany, the fine pellicle which incloses a flower in the bud. * HY-MEN e'AL > * HY-MEN-E'AN 5 a - Pertainin g to marriage.— Pope. * HY-MEN-E'AL' ? * HY-MEN-E'AN, $ n - HY-MEN-OP'TE-RA, ».^Z. 5 mol'ogy, terms applied to in- sects like the bee, having four membranous wings. Hy-MEN-OP'TER-AL, a. Having four membranous wings. Blf-MEN-OP'TER-OUS,a. Hymenopteral. HYMN (him), n. [L. hymnus.] A song or ode in honor of God, and, among pagans, in honor of some deity. HYMN (him), v. t. 1. To praise in song ; to worship by singing hymns. — Milton. 2. To sing ; to celebrate in song. HYMN (him), v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. H Y MN.ED (himd), pp. Sung ; praised ; celebrated in song. HYM'NIG, a. Relating to hymns. — Donne. HYMNING (hinrlng), ppr. Praising in song ; singing. HYM-NOL'O-GlST, n. A composer of hymns. HYM-N0L'04Y, n. [Gr. bp.vos and XoyoS-] A collection of hymns. — Mede. HY'OID, a. A term denoting a bone of the tongue. UY-OS-CY'A-JMIN 1 HY-OS-CY-AM'I-NA V 1 ' ^ n a ^ a ^°^ obtained from hen- flY-OS-CY'A-MA ' S nane > or hyoscyamus niger. HYP, n. [a contraction of hypochondria.'] A disease ; de- pression of spirits. HYP, v. U To make melancholy ; to depress the spirits. — Spectator. HY-P,ETHRAL, a. [Gr. irro and aidrjp.] In architecture, a term applied to a building or temple without a roof. A marriage song. — Milton. HY-PAI/LA-GE, n. [Gr. bnaXXayn.] In granunar, a figure consisting of a mutual change of cases. HY-PAS'PIST, n. [Gr. birac-morns.] A soldier in the armie* of Greece, armed in a particular manner. HY'PER. 1. Gr. h-nep, Eng. over, is used in composition to d© note excess, or something over, or beyond. 2. n. A hyper critic. — Prior ; [not used.] HY-PER-AS'PIST, n. [Gr. bntpaamcTriS.] A defender HY-PER-BAT'IG, a. Transposed ; inverted. HY-PER'BA-TON, n. [Gr. bvEpSarov.] In grammar, a figur- ative construction, inverting the natural and proper orde» of words and sentences. HY-PER'BO-LA, n. [Gr. birep and (3a\\o).] In geometry, a curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. — Webber. H?-PER'BO-LE, n. [Ft. hyperbole ; Gr. birepBoXn.] In rhet- oric, a figure of speech which expresses much more or less than the truth, or which represents things much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are. HY-PER-BOL'IG, I a. 1. Belonging to the hyperbola ; HY-PER-BOL'I€-AL, 5 having the nature of the hyperbola. 2. Relating to or containing hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact ; exceeding the truth. HY-PER-BOL'I€-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the form of a hyper- bola. 2. With exaggeration ; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. HY-PER-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form, or nearly the form, of a hyperbola. HY-PER'BO-LISM, n. The use of hyperbole.— Jefferson. Hy-PER'BO-LIST, n. One who uses hyperboles. HY-PER'BO-LlZE, v. i. To speak with exaggeration. Hy-PER'BO-LiZE, v. t. To exaggerate or extenuate. Hy-PER'BO-LOID, n. [hyperbola, and Gr. zi&os.] A solid formed by the revolution of a hyperbola about its axis. HY-PER-BoHE-AN, a. [L. hyperboreus.] 1. Northern ; be- longing to or inhabiting a region very far north ; most northern. 2. Very cold ; frigid. HY-PER-Bo'RE-AN, n. An inhabitant of the most northern region of the earth. HY-PER-GiR'BU-RET-ED, a. Supercarbureted ; having the largest proportion of carbon. — Silliman. HY-PER-GAT-A-LEGTIG, a. [Gr. b^epKaTaXvKTiKoS.] A hyper xatalectic verse, in Greek and Latin poetry, is a versa which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just measure. HY-PER-GRITIG, n. [Fr. hypercritique.] One who is crit- ical beyond measure or reason ; an over-rigid critic ; a captious censor. HY-PER-GRITIG, ) a. 1. Over-critical ; critical beyond HY-PER-GRIT'IG-AL, 5 use or reason ; animadverting on faults with unjust severity.— Swift. 2. Excessively nice or exact. HY-PER-GRITIG-AL-LY, adv. In a hypercritical manner. HY-PER-GRITI-CISM, n. Excessive rigor of criticism. HY-PER-Du'LI-A, n. [Gr. vtrep and SovXaa.] Super-service in the Roman Catholic Church, performed to the Virgin Mary. HY-PER'I-GON, n. 3o\m , s-vrort.—Slukely. HY-PE'RI-ON, n. Apollo, the god of day, distinguished for his beauty. [Pronounced Hyperl'on in the classics.J HY-PERyME-TER, n. [Gr. bttep and fierpov.] Any thing greater than the ordinary standard of measure ; [applied, particularly, to a verse in poetry which has a redundant syllable.] HY-PER-METRIG-AL, a. Exceeding the common meas- ure ; having a redundant syllable. HY-PER-OR'THO-DOX-Y, n. Orthodoxy carried to excess. HY-PER-OX'YD, n. [Gr. bnep, and oxyd.] That which has an excess of oxygen ; a superoxyd. Hy-PER-OXY-gEN-a-TED, ) a. Super-saturated with oxy- HY-PER-OX'Y-GEN-lZ£D, 5 gen. [Obs.] HY-PER-OX-Y-Mu'RI-ATE, n. The same as chlorate. [Obs.\ HY-PER-OX-Y-MU-RI-ATIG, a. The hyper oxymuratic acid is the chloric acid. [Obs.] HY-PER-PHYS'IG-AL, a. Supernatural. HY-PER-SaR-Go'SIS, n. [Gr. iirepaapKioGiS.] Fungous or proud flesh. HY'PER-STENE, > n. [Gr. bittp and udevog.] A mineraL HY'PER-STHENE, j Labrador hornblende, or Schiller- spar, ; a foliated variety of either augite or hornblende, very difficult to break. HY-PER-STHEN'IG, a. Composed of or containing hyper- sthene. HY-PER-THyRI-ON, n. [Gr. vnep and 2-vpiov.] That part of the architrave over a door or window. H?-PER-TROPH'IG-AL, a. Producing or tending to pro- duce hypertrophy. HY-PER'TRO-PHY, n. [Gr. virep and Tpocprj.] The enlargo ment of a part of the body from excess of nourishment HY'PHEN, n. [Gr. vobev.] In writing or printing, a charac- ter, thus (-), implying that two words or syllables are to be connected. L»0VE; -BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K; G as J; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this. Obsolete. HYP 510 1 tl YP-NOT1G, a. [Gr vxvog.] Ha\ing the quality of produc- ing sleep ; tending to produce sleep ; soporific. HYP-NOT'lG, n. A" medicine that produces or tends to pro- duce sleep ; an opiate ; a soporific. HY'PO, a Greek preposition, vtto, under, beneath ; [used in composition.] Thus, hyposulphuric acid is an acid contain- ing less oxysren than sulphuric acid. Hy-POB'0-LE7 n. [Gr. vtto and fiaXXio.] In rhetoric, a figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, and each of them is refuted in order. HYP'O-GAUST, n. [Gr. v-okovotov.] 1. Among the Greeks and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace to heat baths. — 2. Among the moderns, the place where a fire is kept to warm a stove or a hot-house. HYP-0-GHON'DR.ES, n. pi, \ c tt^^™,,, . HYP-O-GHON'DRY. n. \ See Hypochondria. HYP-O-GHON'DRI-A, n. [Gr., from vtto and xovSpog.] 1. In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages of the spurious ribs ; the spaces on each side of the epi- gastric region. 2. Hypochondriac complaints, a combina- tion of melancholia and dyspepsia, consisting in gloomy ideas of life, dejection of spirits, and indisposition to activ- itv. The technical name is hypochondriasis. * HYP-O-GHON'DRI-AG, a. 1. Pertaining to the hypochon- dria, or the parts of the body so called. 2. Affected by a disease, attended with debility, depression of spirits, or melancholy. 3. Producing melancholy or low spirits. * HYP-0-GHON'DRI-AC, n. A person affected with debility, lowness of spirits, _or melancholy. * HYP-0-GHON-DRl'AG-AL, a. The same as hypochondriac. HYP-0-GHON-DRiA.C-AL-LY, adv. In a hypochondriacal manner. HYP-0-CHON-DRlA.-CISM, n. A disease characterized by languor or debility, depression of spirits, or melancholy, with dyspepsy. HYP-0-€HON-DRl'A-SIS, n. Hypochondriacism. HYP-O-CIST'IS, n. [Gr. vtokigtis.] An inspissated juice ob- tained from the cytinus hyposistis, of an astringent nature. HY-PO-GRA-TER'I-FORM, a. [Gr. vtto, KparrjO, and form.) Salver-shaped ; [applied to a calyx, corol, &c, of which the tube is long and slender, and the limb flat.] — Lindlcy. Hy-POG'RI-SY, n. [Fr. hypocrisie ; L. hypocrisis ; Gr. vttok- picis.) 1. Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not ; or dissimulation, a concealment of one's real character or motives; a counterfeiting of religion. 2. Simulation; de- ceitful appearance ; false pretense. HYP'O-CRlTE, n. [Fr. hypocrite; Gr. vrroKpi-eg.] 1. One who feigns to be what he is not; one who has the form of godli- ness without the power, or who assumes an appearance - of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of true religion. 2. A dissembler ; one who assumes a false appearance. IYP-0-GRITiG, la. 1. Simulating; counterfeiting a HYP-O-GRIT'IG-AL, ) religious character ; assuming a false and deceitful appearance. 2. Dissembling ; conceal- ing one's real character or motives. 3. Proceeding from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy. HYP-O-GRIT'IG-AL-LY, adv. With simulation ; with a false appearance of what is good ; falsely ; without sincerity. IlY-PO-GASTRIG, a. [Gr. vtto and yaornp.] 1. Relating to the Jiypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of the belly. 2. An appellation given to the internal branch of the iliac artery. Hy-PO-GASTRO-CELE, n. [Gr. v-oyaarpiov and k^v] A hernia through the walls of the lower belly. — Coxe. HYP'0- x 0vS, Sopv, and XiOoS » The fossil dorsal spine of certain fishes. ICH-THY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. i X Q v ; ind yp a v and XoyoS-] The doctrine of images or representations. — Johnson. I-CO-SA-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. eikogi and edpa.] Having twen- ty equal sides or faces. I-€0-SA-Hfi'DRON, n. A regular solid of twenty equal tri- angular sides or faces. I-€0-SAN'DRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. eikooi and avnp.] In botany, a class of plants having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx. I-CO-SAN'DRI-AN, la. Pertaining to the class icosandria; I-€0-SAN'DROUS, > having twenty or more stamens in- serted in the calyx. IC-TER'IC, n. A remedy for the jaundice.— Swift. IC-TER'IC, I a. [L. ictericus.] 1. Affected with the jaun IC-TERTG-AL, $ dice. 2. Good in the cure of the jaundice. I€-TE-Rl"TIOUS (-rish'us), a. [L. icterus.] Yellow ; having the color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice. I'CY, a. 1. Abounding with ice. 2. Cold ; frosty. 3. "Made of ice. 4. Resembling ice ; chilling. 5. Cold ; frigid ; destitute of affection or passion. 6. Indifferent ; unafl'ect- ed ; backward. — Shak. 1'CY-PeARL.ED, a. Studded with spangles of ice. ID., contracted from idem. I'D, contracted from I would, or I had. I-DeA, n. [L. idea.] 1. Literally, that which is seen ; hence^ form, image, model of any thing in the mind ; that which is held or comprehended by the understanding. — 2. In popular use, idea signifies notion, conception, thought opinion, and even purpose or intention. 3. Image in the mind. 4. An opinion ; a proposition. I-DeAL, a. 1. Existing in idea or conception ; as, ideal ex cellence. 2. Existing in fancy or imagination only . as. ideal good. 3. That considers ideas as images, phantasms, or forms in the mind ; as, the ideal philosophy. — Syn. In- tellectual ; mental ; visionary ; fanciful ; imaginary ; unreal I-De/A-LESS, a. [idea and less.] Destitute of ideas. — Allan I-DeAL-ISM, ra. The system or theory that makes every thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of mate rial bodies. — Walsh. 1-DeAL-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine of idealism. 1-DE-AL'I-TY, n. A lively imagination, united to a love of the beautiful, forming, in its higher exercises, one of the Obsolete. IDL 512 1GN oltef f onstitcents of creative genius in poetry and the fine arte.- -Combe. C-DI' AL-I-Z1TI0N, n. The act of forming in idea. I-Dk AL-IZE, v. i. To form ideas. 1-pH'Ah-LY, adv. Intellectually; mentally; in idea. t I-De'I TE, v. t. To form in idea ; to fancy. — Donne. J'DEM. [L.] The same. I-DENTI-G, ? a. fFr. identique.] The same ; not differ- f-DEN'TIG-AL, $ ent. f DEN'TIC-AL-LY, adv. With sameness.— Ross. ?-DEN'TI€-AL-NESS, n. Sameness. ' X-DEN-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of making or proving to be the same. f-DEN'TI-Fi.ED, pp. Ascertained or made to be the same. J-DENTI-FY, v. t. [L. idem and facio.] 1. To ascertain or prove to be the same. 2. To make to be the same ; to unite or combine in such a manner as to make one inter- est, purpose, or intention ; to treat as having the same use ; to consider as the same in effect. T-DEN'Tl-FY, v. i. To become the same ; to coalesce in in- terest, purpose, use, effect, &c. — Burke. I-DEN'Tl-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Ascertaining or proving to be the same. 2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use, effi- cacy, &c. I-DEN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. identite.] Sameness, as distinguished from similitude and diversity. ID-E-O-GRAPH'IG, ? a. [idea and Gr. ypau.] Repre- ID-E-O-GRAPHTC-AL, 3 senting ideas independently of sound ; as the digit 9, which, to an Englishman, represents nine, and to a Frenchman, neuf. — Brande. ID-E-O-LOG'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to ideology. ID-E-OL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of ideas. ID-E-OL'O-GY, n [idea and Gr. Aoyoj.] 1. A treatise on ideas, or the doctrine of ideas, or the operations of the un- derstanding. — Jefferson. 2. The science of mind. — Stercart. TDES, n. pi. [L. idus.] In the ancient Roman calendar, the 15th day of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th day of the other months. Eight days in each month often pass by this name, but only one strictly receives it, the others being called the day before the ides, the third from the ides, and so on backward to the eighth from the ides. ID EST. [L.] That is. ID-I-OC'RA-SY, n. [Gr. iSios and K pa t> r • «„ * ID-I-O-CRATIC-AL \ a " * ecuUar m constitution. ID'I-O-CY, n. [Gr. idiureia.] A defect of understanding ; properly, a natural defect. ID-I-O-E-LEGTRIC, n. [Gr. iSibs and electric] Electric per se, or containing electricity in its natural state. ID'I-OM, n. [Fr. idiome ; L. idioma.] 1. A mode of expres- sion peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of expression or phraseology. 2. The genius or peculiar cast of a language. 3. Dialect. ID-I-O-MATTG, ? a. Peculiar to a language ; pertaining ID-I-O-MATIC-AL, \ to the particular genius or modes of expression which belong to a language. ID-I-O-MATIC-AL-LY, adv. According to the idiom of a language. DD-I-O-PATHTG, a. Pertaining to, or indicating a disease not produced by any preceding disease ; opposed to symp- tomatic. ID-I-O-PATHTC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an idiopath- ic disease. ID-I-OP'A-THY, 7i. [Gr. t Sio S and Ttadog.] 1. A morbid state or condition not produced by any preceding disease. 2. Peculiar affection. ID-I-O-RE-PUL'SiVE, a. Repulsive by itself. ID-I-O-SYN'CRA-SY, n. (Gr. lSlo;, aw, and Kpanig.] Peculi- arity of constitution ; that temperament or constitution of body or mind which is peculiar to an individual, and which more or less affects his character and actions. ID-I-O-SYN-CRAT'IC, a. Of peculiar temper or disposition. ID'I-OT, n. [L. idiota ; Gr. tSiurns.] 1. A natural fool, or fool from his birth. 2. A foolish person ; one unwise. ID'I-OT-CY, n. State of being an idiot. ID-I-OTIC, > ... t\. ID-I-OT1G-AL, \ a - Like an idiot; foohsh; sottish. ID-I-OTIC-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of an idiot. ID-I-OTI-CON n. [Gr.] A dictionary of a particular dia- lect, or of toe words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country —Z?rarcie. ID'I-OT-ISH, a. Like an idiot ; partaking of idiocy ; fool- ish. — Paley. ID1-OT-ISM, n. [Fr. idiotisme.) 1. An idiom; a peculiarity of expression ; a mode of expression peculiar to a lan- guage ; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases. 2. laio_cy ; [unusual and improper.] EOT-OT-IZE, v. i. To become stupid.— Pers. Letters. FDLE, a. [Sax. idel, ydel.] 1. Not employed with business ; doing nothing. 2. Given to rest and ease ; averse to labor or employment 3. Affording leisure ; not occupied ; as, idle moments. 4. Remaining without use or employment ; as, my pen is idle. 5. Without power or effect ; as, idls efforts. 6. Unfruitful ; barren; not productive of good • [obs.] 7. Of no use or importance ; as, an idle tale. fe» Not tending to edification ; as, idle discourse. — Idle differs from lazy ; the latter implying constitutional or habituai aversion or indisposition to labor or action ; whereas idle, in -its proper sense, denotes merely unemployed. An in- dustrious man may be idle, but he can not be lazy. — Syn. Unoccupied ; unemployed ; vacant ; inactive ; indolent ; sluggish ; slothful ; useless ; ineffectual ; futile ; frivolou*. vain ; trifling ; unprofitable ; unimportant I'DLE, v. i. To lose or spend time in inaction, or withouV being employed in business. — To idle away, in a transitive sense, to spend in idleness. IDLE-HeAD-ED (I'dl-hed-ed), a. 1. Foolish ; unreasona- ble. — Carew. 2. Delirious ; infatuated ; [little used.] I'DLE-Pa-TED, a. Idle-headed; stupid.— Overbury. I'DLE-NESS, n. 1. Abstinence from labor or employment: the state of a person who is unemployed; the state of doing nothing. 2. Aversion to labor ; reluctance to be employed, or to exertion either of body or mind. 3. Un- importance ; trivialness. — Shak. 4. Inefficacy ; useless- ness ; [little used.] 5. Barrenness ; worthlessness ; [little used.] 6. Emptiness ; foolishness ; infatuation ; as, idle- ness of 'brain. — Bacon; [little used.] — Syn. Inaction; indo- lence ; sluggishness ; sloth ; laziness. I'DLER, n. 1. One who does nothing ; one who spends his _time in inaction. 2. A lazy person ; a sluggard. t I'DLES-BY (i'dlz-), n. An idle or lazy person. — Whitlock, I'DLING, ppr. Spending in idleness or inaction. I'DLY, adv. 1. In an idle manner ; without employment. 2. Lazily ; sluggishly. 3. Foolishly ; uselessly ; in a trifling way. 4. Carelessly ; without attention. 5. Vainly ; in- effectually. ID'O-CRASE, n. [Gr. iSea and KpamS-] A mineral occur- ring either massive or in modified square prisms, present- ing a handsome brown or brownish-yellow color. It con- _„sists essentially of silica, alumina, and lime. — Dana. I'DOL, n. [Fr. idole; It, Sp. idolo.] 1. An image, form, or representation, usually of a man or other animal, conse- crated as an object of worship ; a pagan deity. 2. An image. — Dryden. 3. A person loved and honored to ado ration. 4. Any thing on which we set our affections inor- dinately. 5. A representation ; [not in use.] I-DOL'A-TER, n. [Fr. idolatre ; L. idolatra.] 1. A worship, er of idols ; one who worships as a deity that which is not God ; a pagan. 2. An adorer ; a great admirer. — Hurd. I-DOL'A-TRESS, n. A female worshiper of idols. t I-DO-LATRIC-AL, a. Tending to idolatry. 1-DOL'A-TRiZE, v. i. To worship idols. I-DOL'A-TRlZE, v. t. To adore ; to worship.— A insioorth. I-DOL'A-TRlZ^ED, pp. Worshiped; adored. I-DOL'A-TRlZ-ING,£pr. Adoring; worshiping. I-DOL'A-TROUS, a. 1. Pertaining to idolatry; partaking of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods ; consisting in the worship of idols. 2. Consisting in, or partaking of, an excessive attachment or reverence. I-DOL'A-TROUS-LY, adv. In an idolatrous manner. I-DOL'A-TRY, n. [Fr. idolatrie ,• L. idololatria.] 1. The wor. ship of idols, images, or any thing made by hands, or which is not God. 2. Excessive attachment or veneration _ for any thing, or that which borders on adoration. IDOL-ISH, a. Idolatrous.— Milton. lT)OL-lSM, n. The worship of idols.— Milton. [Little used.] I'DOL-IST, n. A worshiper of images. [A poetical word.] I'DOL-iZE, v. t. To love to excess; to love or reverence to adoration. IDOL-IZED, pp. or a. Loved or reverenced to adoration. I'DOL-lZ-ER, n. One who idolizes or loves to reverence. I'DOL-iZ-ING, ppr. Loving or revering to an excess bor- dering on adoration. tl'DOL-OUS, a. Idolatrous.— Bale. I-Do'NE-OUS, a. [L. idoneus.] Fit; suitable; proper, con- venient ; adequate. — Boyle. [Little used.] ID'RI-A-LIN, n. A bituminous substance obtained from the quicksilver mines of Idria. — Brande. I'DYL, n. [L. idyllium.] A short poem ; properly, a short pastoral poem ; as, the idyls of Theocritus. I. E. stands for L. id est, that is. IF, v. t., imperative, contracted from Sax. gif, from gtfa?t, to give (commonly, though not correctly, classed among conjunctions). 1. It introduces a conditional sentence. 2 . Whether or not. I'FaITH', adv. [abbreviation oi in faith.] Indeed ; truly .- Shak. IG-A-Su'RI€ ACID, n. An acid found combined with strychnine in nux vomica and St. Ignatius's bean. — Brande, t IG-NITtO, n. [L.] A term formerly used for blockhead. IG'NE-OUS, a. [L. igneus.] 1. Pertaining to, or consisting of, fire. 2. Containing fire ; having the nature of fire. 3 Resembling fire. — 4. In geology, proceeding from the ac tion of fire. — r — J ~- a l "~^™-jJ^i *. , aa, U.U11 Ul lire. Ste Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— 1, £, i, &c, short.- FaR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY — MARINE, BIRD ;— MOVE, WjQK. ILE 513 ILL IG-NE3 CENT, a. [L. ignescens.] Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel ; scintillating. IG-NES CENT, n. A stone or mineral that gives out sparks when struck with steel or iron. IG-NIF'ER-OUS, 7i. Producing fire. rCNI-FIED, pp. Formed into fire. [G-NIF'LU-OUS. a. [L. ignifluus.] Flowing with fire. IG'NI-Ff. v. t. [L. ignis and facio.] To form into fire. IGNI-FY-ING, ppr. Forming into fire. IG-NId'E-NOUS, a. [L. ignis, and Gr. yevvaw.] Produced by fire. IG-NIP'O-TENT, a. [L. ignis and potens.] Presiding over fire. — Pope. IG'NIS FATV-US, n.; pi. Ignes Fatui. [L.] A meteor or light that appears in the night, over marshy grounds, supposed to be occasioned by the decomposition of an- imal or vegetable substances, or by some inllammable gas ; vulgarly called Will with, the wisp, and Jack with a lantern. IG-NlTE', v. t. [L. ignis.] 1. To kindle or set on fire. 2. More generally, to communicate fire to, or to render lu- minous or red by heat. IG-NlTE', v. i. To take fire ; to become red with heat. IG-NlTED, pp. or a. 1. Set on fire. 2. Rendered red or • luminous by heat or fire. TG-NlTT-BLE, a. Capable of being ignited. IG-NlTING, ppr. 1. Setting on fire ; becoming red with heat 2. Communicating fire to ; heating to redness. IG-NI"TION (ig-nish'un), n. 1. The act of kindling or set- ting on fire. 2. The act or operation of communicating fii-e or heat, till the substance becomes red or luminous. 3. The state of being kindled; more generally, the state of being heated to redness or luminousness. 4. Calcina- tion. IG-NIV'O-MOUS, a. [L. ignivomus.] Vomiting fire. f IG-NO-BIL'I-TY, n. Ignobleness.— Ball. IG-No'BLE, a. [Fr„ from L. ignobilis.] 1. Of low birth or family ; not noble ; not illustrious. 2. Of low and worth- less properties ; as, ignoble plants.— Shah. 3. Not honora- ble, elevated, or generous ; [applied to feelings and actions.] — Syn. Degenerate ; degraded ; mean ; base ; dishonora- ble ; reproachful ; disgraceful ; shameful ; scandalous ; in- famous. lG-No'BLE-NESS, n. Want of dignity ; meanness. IG-No'BLY, adv. 1. Of low family or birth. 2. Meanly ; dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefully; basely. IG-NO-MINI-OUS, a. [L. ignominiosus.] 1. Incurring dis- grace ; cowardly ; of mean character. 2. Very shameful ; reproachful ; dishonorable : infamous. 3. Despicable ; worthy of contempt IG-NO-MIN1-OUS-LY, adv. Meanly; disgracefully; shame- fully. IG'NO-MIN-Y, n. [L. ignominia.] Public disgrace under the imputation of dishonorable motives or conduct — Syn. Opprobrium ; reproach ; dishonor ; shame ; contempt ; infamy. t IG'NO-MY, n. An abbreviation of ignominy— Shaft. IG-NO-Ra/MUS, n. [L.] 1. The indorsement which a grand- jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry, when there is not evidence to support the charges : on which all proceedings are stopped, and th» accused person is discharged. 2. An ignorant person ; a vain pretender to knowledge. IG'NO-RANCE, n. [Ft. ; L. ignorantia.] 1. Want, absence, or destitution of knowledge ; the negative state of the mind which has not been instructed. 2. Ignorances, in the plural, is used sometimes for omissions or mistakes. IG'NO-RANT, a. [L. ignorans.] 1. Destitute of knowledge or information. 2. Unknown; undisco /ered ; as, ignorant concealment. — Shak. 3. Unacquainted with. 4. Unskill- fully made or done ; as, ignorant bawbles. — Shak.; [incor- rect.]— Syn. Uninstructed ; untaught ; unenlightened ; un- informed ; unlearned ; unlettered ; illiterate. IG'NO-RANT, n. A person untaught or uninformed ICNO-RANT-LY, adv. 1. Without knowledge, instruction, or information. 2. Un skillfully ; inexpertly. IG-NoRE', v. t. 1. To be ignorant of.— Boyle ; [not in use.] — 2. In law, the grand-jury are said to ignore a bill when they do not find the evidence such as to induce them to make a presentment — Brande. \ IG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. [L. ignoscibilis.] Pardonable. ? IG-NoTE', a. [L. ignotus.] Unknown. IG-Ua/NA (-wa'na), n. A genus of saurian reptiles allied to the lizard. The common iguana of South America is eat- en, and its flesh is esteemed a delicacy. Ki-Ua'NO-DON, n. An extinct saurian reptile, found in England, sixty or more feet in length. — Mantell. ILE, n. 1. So written by Pope for axle, a walk or alley in a church or public building. 2. An ear qf com. L'E-US, n. [Gr. (Afoff.l 1. The technical specific name of common colic. 2. The running up of one part of an in- testine within another, which has been supposed to take place in common colic. 1'LEX, n. [L.] In botany, the generic name of the hoTUf tree ; also, a species of evergreen oak, quercus ilex. IL'I-A€, a. [L. iliacus.] Pertaining to the lower bowels, u* to the ileum. — The iliac passion is a violent and dangerous kind of cc fie, in which the small intestines have their per istaltic action inverted. IL'I-AD, n. [from Ilium, Hion.] An epic poem, composed by Homer, in twenty-four books. ILK, a. The same ; each. — Spenser. In Scottish, the phrase of that ilk, denotes that a person's surname and title are the same ; as, Grant of that ilk ; i. e., Grant of Grant. ILL, a. [supposed to be contracted from evil, Sax. yfel; Sw. ilia.] 1. Bad or evil, in a general sense ; contrary to good; depraved ; wrong ; wicked ; iniquitous ; criminal. 2. Pro- ducing evil or misfortune; as, an ill planet.— Shak. 3. Bad; evil; unfortunate. 4. Unhealthy; insalubrious; as, ill air. — Bacon. 5. Cross ; crabbed ; surly ; peevish. 6. Diseased ; disordered ; sick or indisposed ; [applied to per- sons.] 7. Diseased ; impaired ; as, ill health. 8. Discord- ant ; harsh ; disagreeable, as sounds. 9. Homely ; ugly. IP. Unfavorable; suspicious. 11. Rude; unpolished, a9 manners. 12. Not proper ; not regular or legitimate. ILL, n. 1. Wickedness; depravity; evil.— Dryden. 2. Mis- fortune ; calamity ; evil ; disease ; pain ; whatever an- noys or impairs happiness, or prevents success. ILL, adv. 1. Not well ; not rightly or perfectly. 2. Not easily ; with pain or difficulty. — Illy is sometimes, but er- roneously, used for ill. ILL, substantive or adverb, and denoting evil or wrong, is much used in composition with participles to express any bad quality or condition ; as, ill-meaning, ill-formed, &c. — 11, prefixed to words beginning with I. stands for in, a3 used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a negation of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal ; or i\ denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces tha sense, as in illuminate. ILL'-AR-RiNd ED', a. Not well arranged. ILL'-AS-SORTED, a. Not well assorted. ILL'-BAL'ANGED (-bal'anst), a. Not well balanced. ILL-BL60D, n. Resentment; enmity. — Quart. Rev. ILL'-BRED, a. Not well-bred ; impolite. ILL'-BREED'ING. n. Want of good-breeding ; impoliteness ILL'-€ON-CERTED, > ^ . ,, . . , ILL'-CON-TRIVE D', \ a - Not wel1 con frived. ILL'-€ON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in bad order or state. ILL'-€ ON-DUCTED, a. Badly conducted. ILL'-€ON-SID'ERED, a. Not well considered. ILL'-DE-FlNED', a. Not well defined. ILL'-DE-SERVED', a. Not well deserved. ILL'-DE-VlSED', a. Not well devised. ILL'-DI-RE€T'ED, a. Not well directed. ILL'-DIS-PoSED', a. Not well disposed. ILL'-E-QUIPPED' (-e-quiptf), a. Not well equipped. ILL -FACED (-faste), a. Having an ugly face.— Hall ILL-FI-TED, a. Unfortunate. ILL -FX'VORED, a. Ugly; ill-looking; deformed. ILL~FA'VORED-LY,a n. Unripeness ; incompleteness ; the IM-MA-TtJ'RI-TY, 5 state of a thing which has not ar- rived to perfection. IM-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of power to pass. [Rare.] IM-MeAS^R-A-BLE (im-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That can not be measured ; immense : indefinitely extensive. IM-ME AS'UR-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being incapable of measure. IM-MeAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. To an extent not to be meas- ured ; immensely ; beyond all measure. — Milton. IM-M6AS'UR.ED, a. Exceeding common measure. t IM-ME-€HAN'I€-AL, a. Not consonant to the laws of me- chanics. — Cheyne. IM-ME-CHAN'IC-AL-LY, adv. Inconsistently with the laws of mechanics. * IM-MeDI-A-CY, n. Power of acting without dependence. —Shak. * IM-MeT)I-ATE, n. [Fr. immediat.] 1. Proximate ; acting without a medium, or without the intervention of another cause or means ; producing its effect by its own direct agency. 2 Not acting by second causea 3 Instant; present ; without the intervention of time ; as, immediate duty, " immediate situation." — Burke. * IM-MeT)I-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Without the intervention of any other cause or event 2. At the present time ; wdthout delay, or the intervention of time. — Syn. Directly ; proxi- mately ; instantly ; instantaneouslv ; quickly ; presently. * IM-Me'DI-ATE-NESS, n. 1. Presence with regard to time. 2. Exemption from second or intervening causes. IM-MED1-CA-BLE, a. [L. immedicabilis.] Not to be healed ; incurable. — Milton. IM-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious.— Drummond. IM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. immemorabilis.] Not to be re- membered ; not worth remembering. IM-ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr.] Beyond memory; an epithet given to time or duration, &c, whose beginnk'g is not re- membered. — In English law, immemorial is applied tn any thing which commenced before the time of King Edwa/ i it Set Synopsis. A £ I, p. Confined within walls. "M-MOR TNG, ppi . Confining within walls. IM-M0'SI€-AL, a. Not musical ; inharmonious ; not ac- cordant ; harsh. — Bacon. IM-MU-TA-BIL'1-TY, n. [Fr. immutabilite.] Unchangeable- ness ; the quality that renders change or alteration impos- sible ; in variableness. IM-MuTA-BLE, a. [L. immutabilis.] Unchangeable ; inva- riable; unalterable; not capable or susceptible of change. IM-MuTA-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness ; immutabil- ity. IM-MO'TA-BLY, adv. Unchangeably; unalterably; invaria- bly ; in a manner that admits of no change. lM-MC'TATE, a. [I,, immutatus.] Unchanged. IM-MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. immuiatio.] Change ; alteration. IM-MuTE', v. t. [L. inimuto.] ■ To change ; to alter. — Salkeld. IMP, 72. [W. imp.] 1. A son; offspring; progeny. — Shak. ; [obs.] 2. A subaltern or puny devil. — Milton. DIP, v.t. [W.impiaw.] 1. To graft.— Chaucer. 2. To length- en ; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or added ; [a term applied originally in falconry to repairing a hawk's wing by adscititious feathers.] IM-Pa'GA-BLE, n. Not to be appeased or quieted. IM-Pa'€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting of being appeased. IM-PACT, v. i. [L. impaclus.] To drive close ; to press or drive firmly together. — Woodward. IM'PACT, n. 1. Touch ; impression. Darwin. — 2. In me- clianics, the single, instantaneous blow or stroke commu- nicated from one body in motion to another either in mo- tion or at rest. — Barlow. 1M-P ACTED, pp. Driven hard; made close by driving. IM-P ACTING, ppr. Driving or pressing close. IM-PIINT, v. t. To paint; to adorn with colors. IM-PaINT'ED, pp. Ornamented with colors. IM-PaINT'ING, ppr. Adorning with colors. IM-PaIR', v. l. [Fr. empire):] 1. To make worse ; to lessen in quantity, value, or excellence. 2. To lessen in power ; to make more feeble ; as, to impair one's health or strength. — Syn. To diminish ; decrease ; injure ; weaken ; enfeeble. IM-PaIE.', v. i. To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.] IM'PALR, a. [L. impar.] 1. Unsuitable.— Shak. ; [obs.] 2. In crystallography, a term applied by Haiiy to crystals whose sides and summits have not the same number of faces_; [disused.] t IM-PaIR', \n. Diminution; decrease; injury. — t IM-PaIR'MENT. 5 Brovm. IM-PaIRED' (im-pard'), pp. or a. Diminished; injured; weakened. IM-PaIR'ER, n. He or that which impairs. IM-P AIRING, ppr. Making worse ; lessening ; injuring ; en- feebling. IM-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Unpalatable. [Little used.] LM-PaLE', v. t. [L. in and palus.] 1. To fix on a stake ; to put to death by fixing on an upright, sharp stake. [See Empale.] 2. To inclose with stakes, posts, or palisades. — 3. In heraldry, to join two coats of arms pale-wise. IM-PaLE'MENT, n. 1. The act of inclosing or surrounding with stakes. — Milton ; [rare.] 2. A punishment formerly used by the Turks and other nations, which consisted in thrusting a stake through the fundament into the body, and thus leaving the victim to a lingering death. Brande. — 1. In heraldry, the division of a shield pale-wise. — Brande. \ IM-PAL'LID, v. t. To make pallid or pale.—Feltham. IM-PaLM' (im-pam'), v. t. [L. in and palma.] To grasp; to take in the hand. 1M-PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being palpable, or perceptible by the touch. — Jortin. IM-P ALT A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be felt ; so fine as not to be perceived by the touch. 2. Not coarse or gross. IM-PAL'PA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be felt. 1M-PAL'SI£D (-pol'zid), pp. Struck with palsy IM-P AL'SY (-pol'ze), v. t. To strike with palsy ; to paralyze : to deaden. IM-PAL'SY-ING, ppr. Affecting with palsy. IM'PA-NATE, a [L. in and panis.] Embodied in bread.— Cranmcr. IMTA-NaTE, v t. To embody with bread.— Waterland. IM'PA-Na-TED pp. Embodied in bread. IM'PA-Na-TING, ppr. Embodying in bread. IM.-PA-Na.TION, n.. The supposed real presence and union of Christ's material body and blood., with the substance of bread in the eucharist. IM-PANNEL, v. t. To write or enter the names of a jury in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a panel ; to form, complete, or enroll a list of jurors. IM-P AN"NEL.ED, pp. Having the names entered in a pan- el ; formed, as a jury. IM-PAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Writing the names on a pane! : forming, as a jury. IM-PAR'A-DlSE, v. t. [It. imparadisare.] To put in a place of supreme felicity ; to make perfectly happy. IM-PAR'A-DlSiSD, pp. Placed in a condition resembling that of paradise ; made perfectly happy. IM-PAR'A-DlS-ING, ppr. Making perfectly happy. t IM-PAR'AL-LEL.£D, a. Unparalleled.— Burnet. IM-PAR-A-SYL-LAB'IC, a. [L. in, par, and syllaba \ Not consisting of an equal number of syllables ; [a term ap plied to a noun, which in declension varies the number oi syllables.] IM-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Unpardonable.— South. IM-PAR'I-TY, n. 1. Inequality ; dispropoi tion. 2. Odd' ness ; indivisibility into equal parts. 3. Difference of de- gree, rank, or excellence. IM-PaRK', v. t. To inclose for a park ; to make a park by inclosure ; to sever from a common. IM-PaRPLED' (im-parkf), pp. Confined in a park. IM-PaRK'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a park. IM-PaRL', v. i. [Norm, emperler.] To hold mutual discourse , appropriately, in law, to have license to settle a lawsuit am- icably ; to have delay for mutual adjustment. IM-PaRL'ANCE, n. 1. Propm-ly, leave for mutual dis- course ; appropriately, in law, the license or privilege of a defendant to have delay of trial to see if he can settle the matter amicably. 2. The continuance of a cause till an- other day. IM-PaR-SON-EE', a. A. parson impar sonee is a parson pre- sented, instituted, and inducted into a rectory. IM-PaRT, v. t. [L. impertior.] 1. To bestow on another a share or portion of something. — 2. In a wider sense, simply to bestow on another ; a3, to impart importance. — Gold- smith. 3. To convey the knowledge of something ; to make known ; to show by words or tokens ; a3, to impart thoughts. Milton. — Syn. To communicate ; share; yield; confer ; grant ; give ; reveal ; disclose ; discover ; divulge. IM-PaRT'ANCE, n. Communication of a share ; grant. IM-PaRT-a'TION, n. The act of imparting or conferring. IM-PART'ED, pp. or a. Communicated ; granted ; con- ferred. IM-PaRT'ER n. One who imparts.— Boyle. IM-PaR'TIAL (-parishal), a. 1. Not partial ; not biased in favor of one party more than another; indifferent; un- prejudiced ; disinterested. 2. Not favoring one party more than another ; equitable ; just. IM-PaRTIAL-IST, ti. One who is impartial. IM-PaR-TIAL'I-TY (im-par-shal'e-ty), n. 1. Indifference of opinion or judgment ; freedom from bias in favor of one side or party more than another ; disinterestedness. 2. Equitableness ; justice. IM-PXRTIAL-LY, adv. Without bias of judgment ; without prejudice ; equitably ; justly. IM-PXRT-I-BIL'I-TY, 7i. 1. The quality of not being subject to partition. 2. The quality of being capable of being com- municated. IM-PaRTI-BLE, a. [Sp. impartible.] 1. Not partible or sub- ject to partition. 2. [from impart.] That may be impart- ed, conferred, bestowed, or communicated. IM-P aRT'ING, ppr. Communicating ; granting ; bestowing. IM-PaRT'MENT, n. The act of imparting ; the communi- cation of knowledge ; disclosure. — Shak. IM-PaSS'A-BLE, a. That can not be passed; not admitting a passage. Milton. — Syn. Impervious; impenetrable; pathless. IM-PaSS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being impassable. 1M-PaSS'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that prevents passing or the power of oassing. IM-PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, I n. ' Exemption from pain or suf- IM-PAS'SI-BLE-NESS, J fering ; insusceptibility of injury from external things. IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. impassible.] Incapable of pain, pas- sion, or suffering ; that can not be affected with pain of uneasiness. IM-PAS'SION (im-pash'un), v. t. To move or affect strong- ly with passion. IM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Excitable; easily roused to an- ger. IM-PAS'SION-aTE, v. t. To affect powerfully. IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Strongly affected. 2. Without passion or feeling. — Burton. IM-PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Actuated or agitated by passion. 2 Animated ; excited ; having the feelings warmed, as a speaker. 3. Animated ; expressive of passion or ardor, as a haransne. IM-PAS'SIVE, a. [L. in and passus.] Not susceptible ol pain or suffering. — Dryden. IM-PAP'SIVE-LY, adv. Without sensibility to pain. IM-PAS'SIVE-NESS, n. The state of being i\susce] Mble of pain. — Montagu. IM-PAS-SIV'I-TY, 7i. The quality r>f being i/i susceptible o feeling, pain, or suffering. IM-PAS-Ta'TION, 7i. A union or mixture of diffei unt sub See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, n. The state of hanging over; near ap IM-PEND EN-CY, j proach; a menacing attitude. LM-PEND'ENT, a. Hanging over; imminent; threatening pressing closely.— Hale. IM-PEND'ING, ppr. or a. Hanging over ; approaching near threatening. IM-PEN-E-TRA-BIL1-TY, n. 1. The quality of being im penetrable. — 2. In natural philosophy, that quality of mat ter by which it excludes all other matter from the spac# it occupies. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual impression IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [L. impenetrabilis.] 1. That can no- be penetrated or pierced; not admitting the passage o; other bodies ; impervious. 2. Not to be affected or moved < not admitting impressions on the mind. 3. Not to be en tered by the sight. 4. Not to be entered and viewed bj the eye of the intellect. IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE-NESS, n. Impenetrability, which see IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY, adv. 1. With solidity that admits noi of being penetrated. 2. With hardness that admits not of impression. IM-PEN'I-TENCE, In. [Fr. impenitence.] Want of penitence IM-PEN'1-TEN-CY, ) or repentance ; absence of contrition or sorrow for sin ; obduracy ; hardness of heart. IM-PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr.] Not penitent; not repenting of sin ; not contrite ; obdurate ; of a hard heart IM-PEN'I-TENT, n. One who does not repent ; a hardened sinner. IM-PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. Without repentance or contrition for sin ; obdurately. IM-PE^N'NATE, a. or n. [L. im and penn a.] A term applied to swimming birds, as penguins, characterized by short wings covered with feathers resembling scales. — Brande. IM-PEN'N_ED, pp. Inclosed in a narrow place. IM-PEN'NING, ppr. Inclosing in a narrow place. IM-PEN'NOUS, a. Having no wings ; wingless. IM-Pe O'PLE (im-pee'pl), v. t. To form into a community — Beaum. and Fl. IM-Pe O'PLJSD, pp. Formed into a community. IM-PeO'PLING, ppr. Forming into a community. IM'PE-RANT, a. [L. impero.] Commanding. — Baxter. t IM'PE-RATE, a. [L. imperatus.] Done by impulse or di- rection of the mind. — South. IM-PER'A-TlVE, a, [Fr. imperatif; L. imperativus.] 1. Com- manding; authoritative; expressive of command; contain, ing positive command. — 2. In grammar, the imperative mode of a verb is that which expresses command, exhor- tation, &c. IM-PER'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With command; authoritatively, t IM-PER-A-To'RI-AL, a. Commanding.— Norris. 1M-PER-CEIVA-BLE, a. Imperceptible. IM-PER-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS,. n. Imperceptibleness. IM-PER-CEPTI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be perceived; not to be known or discovered by the senses. 2. Very small ; fine ; minute in dimensions ; or very slow in motion or progress. IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, n. That which can not be perceived by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little used.] IM-PER-CEPTI-BLE-NESS, \n. The quality of being im- IM-PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, j perceptible.— Hale. IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be perceived, IM-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Not perceiving or having power to perceive. — Baxter. IM-PER-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being imperdible. IM-PER'DI-BLE, a. Not destructible. [Bad.] IM-PER'FE€T,a. [L. imperfectus.] 1. Not finished; not com- plete. 2. Defective ;. not entire, sound, or whole ; wanting a part; impaired, as a volume or book. 3. Not perfect in intellect ; liable to err. 4. Not perfect in a moral view ; not according to the laws of God, or the rules of right ; faulty. — 5. In grammar, the imperfect tense denotes an ac- tion in time past, then present, but not finished. — 6. In music, incomplete ; not having all the accessary sounds. — 7. In botany, wanting either stamens or pistils, as a flower. — Imperfect number, one which is not equal to the sum of its aliquot parts or divisors. -See Perfect. IM-PER-FEC'TION, n. [Fr., and L. imperfecta.] 1. The want of a part or of something necessary to complete a thing.— 2. In book-binding, a sheet or signature wanting to complete a book.— Syn. Defect ; deficiency ; incomplete- ness ; fault ; failing ; weakness ; frailty ; foible ; blemish ; vice. IM-PER'FE€T-LY, adv. In an imperfect manner or degree : not fully ; not entirely ; not completely. IM-PER'FECT-NESS, n. The state of being imperfect IM-PER'FO-RA-BLE, a. That can not be perforated. IM-PER'FO-RATE, a. [L. in and perforatus.] Not perforated or pierced ; having no opening. — Sharpe. K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. f Obsolete IMP 520 IMP iM-l ERFO-RITED. a. 1. Not perforated. 2. Having no pores. IM-PERF 3-B.a'TION, n. The state of being not perforated, or without any aperture. IM-Pe'BI-AL, a [Fr. ; L. imperialis.] 1. Pertaining to an einpir j. or to an emperor. 2. Royal ; belonging to a mon- arch. 3. Pertaining to royalty ; denoting sovereignty. 4. Commanding ; maintaining supremacy. — Imperial chamber, the sovereign court of the German Empire. — Imperial city, a city in Germany having no head but the emperor. — Im- perial diet, an assembly of all the states of the German Em- pire. [M-PeHI-AL, n. 1. In architecture, a kind of dome which is broad below and tapers very rapidly at the top, as in Moorish buildings. 2. A tuft of hair on a man's lower lip. IM-Pe'RI-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to an emperor; a subject or soldier of an emperor, especially, of the German emperor. IM-PE-RI-AL1-TY, n. 1. Imperial power. 2. The right of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c. IM-Pe'RI-AL-iZ.ED, a. Belonging to an emperor. — Fuller. IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, ado. In a royal manner. IM-Pe'RI-AL-TY, n. Imperial power. — Sheldon. IM-PER'IL, v. t. To bring into danger. — Spenser. IM-PER'IL.ED, pp. Brought into danger. 1M-PERIL-IN G, ppr. Bringing into danger. IM-PE'RI-OUS, a. [L. imperiosus.] 1. Having the air or spirit of dictation, haughtiness, or arrogance. 2. Springing from or indicating a spirit of arrogance and dictation, as lan- guage or commands. 3. Powerful ; not to be opposed by obstacles ; as, a vast and imperious mind ; [rare.] 4. Urg- ent; not capable of being resisted; as, imperious necessity. 5. Authoritative ; commanding with rightful authority. — Syn. Dictatorial ; haughty ; domineering ; overbearing ; lordly; tyrannical ; despotic; arrogant; imperative; com- manding; pressing. , IM-Pe'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With arrogance of command ; with a haughty air of authority ; in a domineering manner. 2. With urgency or force not to be opposed. IM-Pe'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Authority ; air of command.— South. 2. Arrogance of command ; haughtiness. IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. [Fr. imperissable.] Not subject to decay ; not liable to perish ; indestructible ; enduring per- manently ; everlasting. EVI-PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imper- ishable. IM-PER'ISH-A-BLY, adv. In an imperishable manner. IM-PE'RI-UM IN IM-Pe'RI-O. [L.] Government within a government. IM-PER'MA-NENCE, n. Want of permanence. IM-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent. 1M-PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality in bodies of not permitting a fluid to pass through them. IM-PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. in and permeo.] A term applied to bodies which do not permit fluids to pass thrcush them. IM-PER'ME-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being impermeable. IM-PER'ME-A-BLY, adv. In an impermeable manner. IM-PER-S-GRU'TA-BLE, a. That can not be searched out. lM-PER-S€Ru'TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being capable of scrutiny. IM-PER'SON-AL, a. [Fr. impersonnel.] In grammar, an im- personal verb is one which is used only with the termina- tion of the third person singular, with it for a nominative in English, and without a nominative in Latin ; as, it rains. IM-PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. Want or indistinctness of per- In the manner of an impersonal sonality. IM-PER'SON-AL-LY, adv, verb. IM-PER'SON-ITE, v. t. 1. To invest with personality or the bodily substance of a living being. 2. To ascribe the qualities of a person ; to personify. IM-PER'SON-a-TED, pp. or a. Made persons of.— Warton. IM-PER-SON-a'TION, n. 1. Embodiment, or state of being invested with personality. 2. The act of personifying. 1M-PER-SPI-€u1-TY, n. Want of perspicuity, or clearness to the mind. IM-PER-SPLGtr-OUS, a. Not perspicuous ; not clear. IM-PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. in and persuasibilis.] Not to be moved by persuasion ; not yielding to arguments. 1M-PERTI-NENCE, In. [Fr. impertinence.] 1. That which LM-PER'TI-NEN-CY, 5 is not pertinent ; that which does not belong to the subject in hand ; that which is of no weight.— Bacon. 2. The state of not being pertinent. 3. Folly ; rambling thought ; [little used.] 4. Rudeness ; im- proper intrusion ; interference by word or conduct which is not consistent vith the age or station of the person. 5. A trifle ; a thing of little or "no value.— Watts. IM-PERTI-NENT, a. [L. impertinens.] 1. Not pertaining to the matter in hand ; of no weight ; having no bearing on the subject ; irrelevant — Tillotson. 2. Meddling with "that which does not belong to the person. 3. Trifling ; foolish ; negligent of the present purpose. Pope. — Syn. Rude ; of- ficious ; intrusive ; saucy ; impudent ; insolent. Imperviousness. — Ed. Rev. Sub Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, (fee, short.— FaR FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MAE INE, B iR] IM-PERTI-NENT, n. An intruder ; a meddler ; one Who interferes in what does not belong to him. IM-PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. 1. Without relation to the mat- ter in hand 2. Officiously ; intrusively ; rudely. IM-PER-TRAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being capable of being passed through. — Hale. IM-PER-TRAN'SI-BLE, a. Not to be passed throu?h. IM-PER-TURB'A-BLE, a. That can not be disturbed or agi- tated ; permanently quiet — Encyc. IM-PER-TUR-BI'TION, n. Freedom from agitation of mind ; calmness. — W. Montague. i IM-PER-TURB.ED' (im-per-turbd'), a. Undisturbed.— Baileif IM-PER'VI-A-BLE, a. Impervious. IM-PER'VI-A-BLE-NESS, ' IM-PER-VI-A-BIL'I-TY, IM-PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. impervius.] 1. Not to be penetrated .or passed through. 2. Not penetrable ; not to be pierced by a pointed instrument. 3. Not penetrable by fight ; not permeable to fluids. — Syn. Impassable ; pathless ; impene- trable ; impervious. LM-PER' VI-OU8-LY, adv. In a manner to prevent passage or penetration. IM-PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of not admitting a passage. t IM-PES'TER v. t. [Fr. impestrer.] To vex ; to tease. IM-PE-TI(i'IN-OUS, a. [L. impetigo.] Of the nature of im- petigo. IM-PF-Tl'GO, a. [L.] A cutaneous eruption of pustules which are yellow and itching, and terminate in a yellow, scaly crust, with cracks. — Good. IM'PE-TRA-BLE, a. That may be obtained by petition. IM'PE-TRaTE, v. t. [L. impetro.] To obtain by request or entreaty. — Usher. IM-PE-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of obtaining by prayer or petition. — 2. In law, the preobtaining of benefices from the Church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of the king and other lay patrons of the realm. IMTE-TRA-TiVE ; a. Obtaining ; tending to obtain by en- treaty.—^. Hall. IMTE-TRA-TO-RY, a. Beseeching ; containing entreaty. Taylor. IM-PET-U-OS1-TY, n. 1. A rushing with violence and great force ; fury ; violence. 2. Vehemence ; furiousness of temper. LM-PET'U-OUS (im-pefyu-us), a. [Fr. impetueux; L. impettt- osus.] 1. Rushing with great force and violence ; moving rapidly. 2. Vehement of mind ; moving with precipitan- cy or violence ; [applied to persons or feelings.] — Syn. For- cible ; rapid ; hasty ; precipitate ; furious ; boisterous ; violent ; raging ; Serce ; passionate. IM-PETU-OUS-LY, adv. Violently ; fiercely ; forcibly ; with haste and force. — Addison. IM-PET'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A driving or rushing with haste and violence ; furiousness ; fury ; violence. 2. Vehemence of temper ; violence. IM'PE-TUS, n. [L.] 1. Force of motion ; the force with which any body is driven or impelled. 2. The force with which one body in motion strikes another. IM-PI€'TUR£D. a. Painted ; impressed— Spenser. IM'PiEP^ See Umpire. t IM-PIeRCE', v. t. To pierce through ; to penetrate. Drayton. IM-PIeRCE'A-BLE (im-peers'a-bl), a. Not to be pierced or penetrated. — Spenser. IM-PIeRCJ£D', (-peersf) pp. Pierced through. IM-PIeK-CTNG, ppr. Piercing through. IM-Pl'E-TY, n. [Fr. impiete; L. impietas.] 1. Irreverence toward the Supreme Being ; contempt of the divine char- acter and authority; neglect of the divvne precepts. 2. Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and scoffing at the Supreme Being, or at his authority. — Syn. Ungodliness- irreligion ; unrighteousness ; sinfulness ; profaneness t IM-PIG'NO-RITE, v. t. To pledge or pawn. t IM-PIG-NO-RI'TION, n. The act of pawning. IM-PIN6E' (im-pinj'), v. i. [L. imping o.] To fall against ; to strike ; to dash against ; to clash upon. IM-PINdE'MENT, n. Act of impinging.— D. Clinton. IM-PIN6'ING, ppr. Striking against t IM-PIN 'GUITE (-gwate), v. t. To fatten ; to make fat. IM'PI-OUS, a. [L. impius.] 1. Irreverent toward the Su- preme Being ; wanting in veneration for Cod und his au- thority; irreligious; profane. 2. Irrevei ant toward God; proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Su- preme Being ; tending to dishonor God or his laws, and bring them into contempt. IM'PI-OUS-LY, adv. With irreverence for G jd, or contempt for Ms authority ; profanely ; wickedly. IM'PI-OUS-NESS, 7i. Impiety , contempt <;f God and his laws. IMPISH, a. Having the qualities of an imp IM-PLa-€A-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality >f rot being ap- LM-PLa'CA-BLF^-NESS. I pt- sablf ; inez irablei^ss ; irrea oncilable enmity or anger. ' "MTyir^xot" IMP 521 IMP IM-PLl'CA-BLE, a. [Fr. ( from L. implacdbilis.] 1. Not to be appeased ; that can not be pacified and rendered peace- able ; stubborn or constant in enmity. 2. Not to be ap- peased or subdued. — Syn. Unappeasable ; inexorable ; ir- reconcilable ; unrelenting ; relentless. IM-PLa'€A-BLY, adv. With enmity not to be pacified or subdued : inexorably. IM-PLANT, v. t. To set, plant, or infix for the purpose of growth, as feelings or ideas in the mind. — Syn. To intro- duce ; instill ; intuse. IM-PLANT-A'TION, n. The act of setting or infixing in the mind or heart, as principles. IM-PLANTED, pp. or a. Set ; infixed in the mind, as prin- ciples or rudiments. IM-PLANTING, ppr. Setting or infixing in the mind, as principles. tM-PLAU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being plausible or specious. IMPLAU'SI-BLE, a. Not specious; not wearing the ap- pearance of truth or credibility, and not likely to be be- lieved. IM-PLAU'SI-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being plausible. [M-PLA U'SI-BLY, adv. Without an appearance of proba- bility. f IM-PLeACH', v. t. To interweave.— Shah. IM-PLeAD', v. t. To institute and prosecute a suit against one in court ; to sue at law. [M-PLeAD'ED, pp. Prosecuted ; sued ; subject to answer to a suit in court. IM-PLeAD'ER, n. One who prosecutes another. IM-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Prosecuting a suit. t IM-PLeAS'ING, a. Unpleasing. IM-PLED6E' (im-plef), v. t. To pawn. IM-PLED6.ED', a. Pledged ; pawned. IM'PLE-MENT, n. [Low L. implementum.] Whatever may supply wants ; particularty applied to tools, utensils, vessels, instruments ; the tools or instruments of labor. IM'PLE-MENT-ING, a. Furnishing with implements.— Ed. B£V. IM-PLE'TION, n. [L. impleo.] The act of filling ; the state of being full. LM'PLEX, a. [L. implezus.] Infolded ; intricate ; entangled ; complicated. IM-PLEX'ION (im-plek'shun), n. The act of infolding or in- volving ; the state of being involved ; involution. [Little used.] IM'PLI-C A.TE, v. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] 1. To infold ; to involve ; to entangle.— Boyle. 2. To involve ; to bring into connection with ; also, to show or prove to be con- nected or concerned, as in an offense. CM'PLI-CI-TED, pp. 1. Infolded ; involved. 2. Involved; connected ; concerned ; proved to be concerned or to have had a part. IM'PLI-G A -TING, ppr. Involving • proving to be concerned. IM-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. implicatio.] 1. The act of infolding or involving. 2. Involution ; entanglement.— Boyle. 3. An implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed ; a tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood, though not expressed in words. 1MTLL GA-TIVE, a. Having implication. IM'PLI-GA-TJVE-LY, adv. By implication.— Buck. [M-PLlC'IT (im-plis'it), a. [L. implicitus.] 1. Infolded ; en- tangled ; complicated ; [little used.] 2. Implied ; tacitly comprised ; fairly to be understood though not expressed in words, as a compact. — South. 3. Resting on another ; trusting to the word or authority of another, without doubting or reserve, or without examining into the truth of the thing itself; as, implicit belief. IM-PLICTP-LY, adv. 1. By inference deducible, but not expressed in words ; virtually ; in reality, but not in name. 2. By connection with something else ; dependency ; with unreserved confidence. IM-PLf CIT-NESS, n. The state of being implicit ; the state of trusting without reserve. FM-PLl£D' (im-plide'), pp. or a. Involved ; contained virtu- ally, though not expressed. iM-PLl'ED-LY, adv. By implication. IM-PLO-Ra'TION, n. Earnest supplication.— Bp. Hall. IIM'PLO-Ra-TOR, n. One who implores.— Shak. £M-PLoRE', v. t. [Fr. implorer; L.imploro.] 1. To call upon or for, in supplication ; to pray earnestly ; to petition with urgency. 2. To ask earnestly. — Syn. To supplicate ; be- seech : entreat ; crave ; beg ; solicit. M-PLoRE', v. i. To entreat ; to beg. f IM-PLoRE', n. Earnest supplication. — Spenser. ers. — Johnson. VH-PLUN6E' (im-plunj'), v. t. To plunge ; to immerse. ""^ovE^^yLLTtJNrrE ; — an'cer, vrcious.-- e as IM-PLy', v. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] 1. Literally, to ia fold or involve ; to wrap up ; [obs.] 2. To involve or con tain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by construction of law, when not expressed in words. — Syn To include ; comprise ; import ; mean ; denote , signify. IM-PLyTNG, ppr. Involving ; containing in substance, or by fair inference, or by construction of law t IM-PO€K'ET, v. t. To pocket. IM-POIS'ON, v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. Tc poison ; to in* pregnate with poison ; to corrupt with poison. 2. To im- bitter ; to impair. 3. To kill with poison ; [rare.] IM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned; cerrupted ; imbittered. IM-POIS' ON-IN G, ppr. Poisoning; corrupting; imbitterina IM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of poisoning. t IM-Po'LAR-I-LY, adv. Not according to the direction of the poles. — Brown. IM-POL'I-CY, n. Inexpedience ; unsuitableness to the 3r4 proposed ; bad policy ; defect of wisdom. IM-PO-LITE', a. Not of polished manners ; uajclto , un- civil ;• rude in manners. IM-PO-LlTE'LY, adv. Uncivilly. IM-PO-LITE'NESS, n. Incivility ; want of good manners. IM-POL'I-TI€, a. 1. Not wise ; devising and pursuing meas- ures adapted to injure the public interest. 2. Unwise; adapted to injure the public interest 3. Not wise in pi> vate concerns ; pursuing measures ill suited to promote private welfare ; not prudenti 4. Not suited to promote private interest. — Syn. Indiscreet ; incautious ; imprudent ; inexpedient. tIM-PO-LITI€-AL, for impolitic. t IM-PO-LITl€-AL-LY, adv. Without art or forecast.— Ba- con. — Nickleson. — Mickle. IM-POLl-TIC-LY, adv. Not wisely ; not with due forecast and prudence ; in a manner to injure public or private in- IM-PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Destitution of sensible weight IM-PON'DER-A-BLE, a. Not having sensible weight. Heat, light, electricity, and magnetism are called impondsrablt IM-PON'DER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being imponder- able. IM-PON'DER-OUS, a. Not having sensible weight— Brown. IM-PON'DER-OUS-NESS, n. State of being imponderous t IM-PoNE', v. t. [L.J To stake ; to wager.— Shak. t IM-POOR', v. t. To impoverish.— Browne. IM-PO-ROS'I-TY, n. Want of porosity ; closeness of tea- ture ; compactness that excludes pores. IM-Po'ROUS, a. Destitute of pores; very close or compact in texture ; solid. — Brown. IM-PoRT, v. t. [Fr. importer ; L. importo.] 1. To bring from a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another state, into one's own country, jurisdiction, or state ; opposed to export. 2. To bear or convey, as signification or meaning. 3. To be of weight to ; to be of moment or ccvnsequence to; to bear on the interest of, or to have a bearing on. Dry den. — Syn. To denote ; mean ; signify ; imply ; inter- est; concern. IM'PoRT, n. 1. That which is borne or conveyed in words ; meaning ; signification ; drift ; tendency ; the sense which words are intended to convey. Import differs from impli- cation in this, that the meaning of a term or number of words in connection is less obscurely expressed. Import depends less on inference or deduction than implication, and is also applied more frequently to a single word. 2. That which is imported or brought into a country from another country or state ; [generally in the plural.] 3. Importance; weight; consequence. — Dryden; [formerly accented no the second syllable.] IM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imported. 2. Insup- portable ; not to be endured. — Spenser ; [obs.] * IM-PORTANCE, n. [Fr. ; Sp. importancia.] 1. Weight; consequence ; magnitude ; moment ; a bearing cu some interest ; that quality of any thing by which it imy affect a measure, interest, or result. 2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being. 3. Weight or consequence in self' estimation. 4. Thing implied; matter; subject; impor- tunity. — Shak. ; [obs^] * IM-PORT'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Weighty; momentcug; of great consequence ; having a bearing on some interest; measure, or result, by which good or Si may be produced. 2. Bearing on; forcible; driving. — Spenser. 3. Importu- nate ; [not used,.] IM-PORTANT-LY, adv. Weightily; forcibly. IM-PoR-Ta'TION, 11. [Fr.] 1. The act or practice of im- porting, or of bringing from another country or state. 2. The wares or commodities imported. 3. Conveyance. IM-PoRTED, pp. or'a. Brought from another country or state. IM-PoRTER, n. He who imports ; the merchant who, by himself or his agent brings goods from another country or state. IM-PoRT'iNG, ppr. or a. 1. Bringing goods, n. [L. impotentia.) 1. Want of strength IM'PO-TEN-CY, 5 or power, animal or intellectual ; weak- ness ; feebleness ; inability ; imbecility ; defect of power. 2. Moral inability; the want of power or inclination to re- sist or overcome habits and natural propensities. 3. Ina- ability to beget. 4. Ungovernable passion. — Milton. IM'PO-TENT, ft. [Fr., from L. impotens.] 1. Weak ; feeble , wanting strength or power; unable by nature, or disabled by disease or accident, to perform any act. 2. Wanting the power of propagation, as males. 3. Wanting the pow- er of restraint ; not having the command over ; as, impo- tent of tongue. — Dry den. IM'PO-TENT, n. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing under disease. — Shak. IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Weakly; without power over the passions. IM-POUND', v. t. 1. To put, shut, or confine in a pound or close pen. 2. To confine ; to restrain within limits. IM-POUND'ED, pp. Confined in a pound. IM-POUND'ER, n. One who impounds the beasts of an- other. IM-POUND'ING, ppr. Confining in a pound ; restraining. IM-POV'ER-ISH, v. t. [Fr. appauvrir.) 1. To make poor ; to reduce to poverty or indigence, as persons. 2. To ex- haust strength, richness, or fertility, as land or soil. IM-POVER-ISH.ED (im-pov'er-isht), pp. or a. Reduced to poverty; exhausted. IM-POV'ER-ISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes others poor. & That which impairs fertility. IM-POV'ER-iSH-ING, ppr. or a. Making poor; exhausting, IM-POV'ER-ISH-LY, adv. So as to impoverish. IM-POV'ER-ISH-MENT, n. Depauperation ; a reducing to indigence ; exhaustion ; drain of wealth, richness, or fer- tility. IM-POW'ER. See Empoweb. IM-PRAC-TI-CA-BIL1-TY, \ n. 1. The state or quality of IM-PRAC'TI-CA-BLE-NESS, \ being beyond human pow- er, or the means proposed ; impossibility ; infeasibility. 2. Untractableness ; stubbornness. — Burnet. IM-PRAC'TI-CA-BLE, a. 1. That can not be done or per- formed ; impossible ; infeasible ; not to be effected by the means proposed. 2. Untractable ; unmanageable ; stub, born. — Rowe. 3. That can not be passed or traveled ; [col- loquial.) IM-PRACTI-CA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that hin- ders practice. IM'PRE -GITE, v. t. [L. tmprecor.) To invoke as an evil on any one; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on one's self or on another person. IM'PRE-Ca-TED, pp. Invoked on one, as some evil. TM'PRE-CI-TING, ppr. Calling for evil on one's self or an- other. IM-PRE-CITION, n. [L. imprecatio.] The act of i?npreca- ting, or invoking evil on any one ; a prayer that {. jvfi ; _RULL UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. Obsolete. IMP 524 IN IMPPWE' (ini-proov'), v. t. [Norm, proper.] 1. To make better ; to advance in value or good qualities. 2. To use or employ to good purpose ; to make productive ; to turn to profitable account ; to use for advantage ; to employ for advancing interest, reputation, or happiness, as an op- poitunity or hint.— Addison. 3. To apply to practical purposes. — Owen. 4. To advance or increase by use ; [in a bad sense.] — Porteus ; [ill.] 5. To use ; to employ. — T. Scott. 6. To use ; to occupy ; to cultivate ; as, the house or farm is now improved by an industrious tenant. [This application is, perhaps, peculiar to some parts of the United States. It, however, deviates little from that in some of the foregoing definitions. Old authors sometimes use this word for censure or impeach, i. e., reprove. Rich. Diet.] — Syn. To better; meliorate; ameliorate ; advance; height- en; mend; correct; rectify. IM-PRoVE' (im-proov'), v. i. To grow better or wiser ; to advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom, or other excel- lence. 2. To advance in bad qualities; to grow worse; as, to improve in cruelty. — Milner. 3. To increase ; to be enhanced ; to rise, as the market price ; [mercantile use.] — To improve on, to make useful additions or amendments to ; to bring nearer to perfection. 1M-PR.oV.ED' (im-proovd'), pp. or a. 1. Made better, wiser, or more excellent; advanced in moral worth, knowledge, or manners. 2. Made better ; advanced in fertility or other good qualities. 3. Used to profit or good purpose. 4. Used; occupied. IM-PR5VE'MENT (im-proov'ment), n. 1. Advancement in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill, or other excellence. 2. Melioration ; a making or growing better or valuable. 3. A valuable addition ; excellence added, or a change for the better. 4. Advance or progress from any state to a better. 5. Instruction; growth in knowledge or refine- ment; edification. 6. Use or employment to beneficial purposes ; a turning to good account. 7. Practical appli- cation. — Tillotson. 8. The part of a discourse intended to enforce and apply the doctrines, is called the improvement. 9. Use ; occupancy. — 10. Improvements, pi. ; valuable ad- ditions or melioration, as buildings, clearings, drains, fences, &c., on a farm. — Kent. IM-PR5VER, n. 1. One who improves ; one who makes himself or any thing else better. 2. That which improves, enriches, or meliorates. tIM-PRO-ViD'ED, a. [L. improvisus.] Unforeseen; unex- pected ; not provided against. IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n. [L. in and providens.] Want of providence or forecast; neglect of foresight, or of the measures which foresight might dictate for safety or ad- vantage. 1M-PRO VI-DENT, a. [L. in and providens.] Wanting fore- cast; wanting care to make provisions for future exi- gences. — Syn. Inconsiderate ; negligent ; careless ; heed- less. IM-PROV'I-DENT-LY, adv. Without foresight or forecast ; without care to provide against future wants. IM-PRo V'ING, ppr. or a. Making better ; growing better ; using to advantage. IM-PR5VING-LY, adv. In a manner to improve. IM-PROV'I-SATE, a. Unpremeditated. IM-PRO V-1-Sa'TION, n. Act of making poetry or perform- ing music extemporaneously. IM-PROV-I-SA- TO' RE, n. [It.] A man who makes rhymes and short p.oems extemporaneously. [This word is usu- ally spelled with but one v by the English and French.] IM-PRO VI-SA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to extemporaneous poetry. IM-PROV-I-SA-TRl'CE (im-prov-ve-sa-tre'cha), n. [It] A woman who makes rhymes or short poems extemporane- ously. [This word is usually spelled with but one v by the English and French.] IM-PRO-V"f SE'. v. i. To speak extemporaneously, especial- ly in verse. — Smart. IM-PRO-VIS'ION (-vizh'un), n. Want of forecast ; improvi- dence. — Brown. [Little used.] IM-PRu'DENCE, n. [Fr., from L. imprudentia.] Want of prudence ; indiscretion ; want of caution, circumspection, or a due regard to consequences ; heedlessness ; inconsid- erateness : rashness. CM-PRC'DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. imprv.dens.] Wanting prudence or discretion ; not attentive to the consequences of words or actions.— Syn. Indiscreet ; injudicious ; incautious ; un- advised ; heedless ; rash. IM-PRO'DENT-LY, adv. Without the exercise of prudence • i*.tLscreetly. IMTU-DENCE. n. [Fr.; L. impudens.] Want of modesty ; assurance accompanied with a disregard of the opinions of others. — Syn. Shamelessness ; audacity ; insolence • efFront-rj ; sauciness ; impertinence ; pertness ; rudeness! IMTU-DENf, a. [Fr. ; L. impudens.] Wanting modesty; bold, with contempt of others.— Syn. Shameless ; auda- cious ; brazen ; bold-faced ; pert ; immodest ; rude ; eaucy impertinent; insolent. *Sx Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.— I, % I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL.WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD IMTU-DENT-LY, adv. Shamelessly; with indecent assur. ance. — Sandys. IM-PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. impudicitia.] Immodesty. IM-POGN' (im-piine'), v. t. [Fr. impagner ; L. impugno.] To oppose; to attack or assail by words or arguments; to contradict. IM-PUG-NaTION, n. Opposition.— Bishop Hall. [Little used.] IM-PuGNi?D' (im-pund'), pp. Opposed ; contradicted. ' IM-PuGN'ER (im-pun'er), n. One who opposes or contra- dicts. IM-PuGN'ING (im-pun'ing), ppr. Opposing ; attacking contradicting. *tIM-Pu'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Impotence; weakness. * IM-Pu'IS-SANT, a. 'Fr.l Weak ; impotent. IM'PULSE (im'puls),*Vi. [L. impulsus.] 1. Force communi- cated instantaneously ; the effect of a sudden or moment- ary communication of motion. 2. Influence acting on the mind ; motive. 3. Impression ; supposed supernatural in- fluence on the mind. IM-PUL'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impulsio.] 1. The act of driving against or impelling; the 6udden or momentary agency of a body in motion on another body. 2. Influence on the mind; impulse. IM-PULS'lVE, a. [Fr. impulsif.] 1. Having the power of driving or impelling ; moving ; impellant. 2. Actuated by impulse ; as, a person who is impulsive. IM-PULS'lVE-LY, adv. With force ; by impulse. IM-PUNCTU-AL, a. Not punctual. IM-PUN€-TU-AL'I-TY, n. .Neglect of punctuality.— A. Hantr ilton. t IM-Pu'NI-BLY, adv. Without punishment.— Ellis. IM-Pu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. impunite; L. impunitas.] 1. Exemp- tion from punishment or penalty. 2. Freedom or exemp- tion from injury. IM-PORE', a. [Fr. impur ; L. impurus.] 1. Not pure; foul; feculent ; tinctured ; mixed or impregnated with extrane- ous substance. 2. Obscene, as thoughts. 3., Unchaste; lewd; unclean, as conduct. 4. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy. 5. Unhallowed ; unholy. 6. Unclean ; [in a legal sense;] not purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses. t IM-PuRE', v. t. To render foul ; to defile.— Bishop Hall. IM-PuRE'LY. adv. In an impure manner ; with impurity. IM-PuRE'NESS, \n. [Fr. impurete ; L. impuritas.] 1. Want IM-Pu'RI-TY, J of purity; foulness; feculence; the ad- mixture of a foreign substance in any thing. 2. Any foul matter. 3. Unchastity ; lewdness. 4. Want of sanctity or holiness ; defilement by guilt. 5. Want of ceremonial purity ; legal pollution or uncleanness. 6. Foul language; obscenity. IM-PUR'PLE, v. t. To color or tinge with purple ; tc make red or reddish. IM-PUR/PL.ED, pp. or a. Tinged or stained with purple color. IM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or coloring with purple. IM-PuT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imputed or charged to a person ; chargeable. 2. That may be ascribed to ; [in a good sense.] 3. Accusable ; chargeable with a fault ; [not proper.] 4. That may be set to the account of another. IM-PtrT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imputable. IM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of imputing or charg- ing; attribution; generally in an ill sense. 2. Sometimes in a good sense. — Shak. 3. Charge or attribution of evil ; censure ; reproach. 4. Hint ; slieht notice. — Shak. IM-PU'TA-TIVE, a. That may be imputed. IM-Pu'TA-TlVE-LY, adv. By imputation.— Encyc. IM-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. imputcr ; L. imputo.] 1. To charge ; to attribute ; to set to the account of. 2. To attribute ; to ascribe. 3. To reckon to one what does not belong to 1 im. — Milton. IM-PuT'ED, pp. or a. Charged to the account of ; attributed; ascribed. IM-PuTER, n. One who imputes or attributes. IM-PuT'ING, ppr. Charging to the account of ; attributing; ascribing. IM-PU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. [in, and L. putresco.] Not subject to putrefaction or corruption. IN, a prefix [L. in], is used in composition as a particle of negation, like the cnglish vm, of which it seems to be a dialectical orthography; or it denotes within, into, or among, as in inbred, incase ; or it serves only to augment . or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is prefixed, as in inclose, increase. — In, before I, is changed into il, as in illusion ; and before r, into ir, a« in irregidxr; and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial, im- patient. IN, prep. [L. in; Gr. sv; Goth, and Sax. in; Fr. era; Sp. en, It. in; G. in, or ein; D. in; Dan. ind; Sw. in; W. yn.] In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded V>y limits ; as in a house. It denotes a state of being mixei ; as. sugar in tea. It denotes present in any state ; as, in sickness o» _ health. It denotes present in time ; as, in \hat I our or M-ytns, bq^bT INA 525 1NA day The ases of in, however, can not, in all cases, be de- fined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase in which it is used ; as, in fact ; in reason, &c— In the name, is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring, praying, &c. — In, in many cases, is equivalent to on. — In signifies by or through. — In a hill, properly denotes under the surface ; but in a valley, denotes on the surface of the land. — In that is sometimes equivalent to because. — In as mucfi, seeing ; seeing that ; this being the fact ; as, I will ride for health, inasmuch as I am infirm. — In is often used without the noun to which it properly belongs ; as, I care not who is in or who is out ; that is, in office, or out of office. — To be or keep in with, to b§ close or near ; as, keep the 6hip in with the land. IN-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. inhabilite.] 1. Want of sufficient physical power or strength. 2. Want of adequate means. 3. Want of moral power. 4. Want of intellectual strength or force. 5. Want of knowledge or skill. — Syn. Impo- tence ; disability ; incapacity ; incompetence ; weakness. flN-A'BLE-MENT, n. Ability.— Bacon. IN-AB'STI-NENCE, n. A not abstaining ; a partaking ; in- dulgence of appetite. — Milton. IN-AB-STRACT'ED, a. Not abstracted.— Hooker. TN-A-Bu'SfVE-LY, adv. Without abuse.— L. North. [N-AC-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality or state of being IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, J inaccessible, or not to be reached. IN-AC-CESS1-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reached; as, an inac- cessible height or rock. 2. Not to be obtained. 3. Not to be approached ; forbidding access. IN-A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be approached. IN-ACCU-RA-C Y, n. Want of accuracy or exactness. — Syn. Mistake ; fault ; defect ; error. IN-A€'€U-RATE, a. Not accurate; not exact or correct; not according to truth ; erroneous. IN-A€'€U-RATE-LY, adv. Not according to truth; incor- rectly; erroneously. IN-AC-QUIINTANCE, n. Unacquaintance.— Good. rN-A€-QUI-ES'CENT, a. Not acquiescing. IN-AC'TION, n. [Ft.] Want of action ; forbearance of la- bor; idleness; rest. — Pope. }N-A€TlVE, a. 1. Not active ; having no power to move, as matter. 2. Not active ; not diligent or industrious ; not busy. — Syn. Inert ; dull ; sluggish ; idle ; indolent ; sloth- ful ; lazy. IN-ACT'IVE-LY, adv. Idly; sluggishly; without motion, labor, or employment, IN-ACT-IV1-TY, n. 1. Inertness. 2. Idleness, or habitual idleness ; want of action or exertion ; sluggishness. — Swift. \ IN-ACTU-ITE, v. t. To put in action.— Glanville. \ IN-ACT-U-I'TION, n. Operation.— Glanville. EN- AD-APT- A'TION, n. Unadaptedness ; unfitness. LN-AD'E-QUA-CY, n. 1. The quality of being unequal or insufficient for a purpose. — Dwight. 2. Inequality. — Burke. 3. Incompleteness; defectiveness. IN-AD'E-QUATE, a. [L.] 1. Not equal to the purpose ; not sufficient to effect the object, as means. 2. Not equal to the real state or condition of a thing ; not just or in due proportion; partial; incomplete; as, inadequate concep- tions. 3. Incomplete ; defective ; not just, as a descrip- tion. — Syn. Unequal ; incommensurate ; disproportionate ; insufficient ; incompetent ; incapable. "N-AD'E-QUATE-LY, adv. Not fully or sufficiently; not completely. rjf-AD'E-QUATE-NESS, n. The quality of being inadequate. — Syn. Inadequacy; inequality; incompleteness. > IN-AD-E-QU A'TION, n. Want of exact correspondence. "N-AD-He'SION, n. Want of adhesion ; a not adhering. IN- AD-MI S-SI-BII/I-TY, n. The quality of being inadmissi- ble, or not proper to be received. IN-AD-MIS'SI-BLE, a. Not admissible ; not proper to be admitted, allowed, or received. IN-AD-VERTENCE, \ n. [Fr. inadvertance. j 1. Anotturn- SN-AD VERTEN-CY, J ing the mind to ; inattention ; neg- ligence ; heedlessness. 2. The effect of inattention ; any oversight, mistake, or fault which proceeds from negli- gence of thought IN-AD-VERT'ENT, a. [L. in and advertens.] Not turning the mind to ; heedless ; careless ; negligent. IN-AD-VERT'ENT-LY, adv. Heedlessly ; carelessly ; from want of attention ; inconsiderately. JN-AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Reservedness in conversation. IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved. [N-AF-FE€T- A'TION, n. Destitution of affected manner. t IN-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Unaffected. ? IN-AF-FECTED-LY, adv. Without affectation.— Cockeram. IN-AlDA-BLE, a. That can not be assisted.— Shah. IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE (in-ale'yen-a-bl), a. [Fr.] Unalienable; that can not be legally or justly alienated or transferred to another. N-a L'lEN-A BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inalienable. — Scott. IN-XLTEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that foroids allen» tion. IN-AL-I-MENTAL, a. Affording no nourishment. IN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being alter able or changeable. — Fourcroy. IN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not or may not be altered or changed ; unalterable. t IN-A'MI-A-BLE, a. Unamiable. t IN-a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unamiableness. IN-A-MIS'SI-BLE, a. Not to be lost.— Hammond. [Rare.] IN-A-MIS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being liable to be lost *IN-AM-0-RA'TO,n.m.,\., „ „ . * W-AM-O-RA'TA, n.f \ A loTer - -Marston. IN AND IN. To breed in and in. See Breed. IN-aNE', a. [L. i?ianis.] Empty; void; sometimes used at a noun, to express a void space, or space beyond the con« fines of the world. IN-AN"GU-LAR (-ang'gu-lar), a. Not angular. [Little used.) IN-ANI-MaTE, v. t. To animate. [Little used.] IN-AN'I-MATE, a. [L. inanimatus.] 1. Destitute of animal life. 2. Destitute of animation or life. — Syn. Dead ; life- less ; inert ; inactive ; dull ; soulless ; spiritless. IN-AN'I-Ma-TED, a. Destitute of animal life. 2. Not ani- mated ; not sprightly. See Unanimated. t IN-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. Animation.— Donne. IN-A-NI"TION (in-a-nish'un), n. [Ft.; L. inanis.] Empti. ness ; want of fullness. IN-AN'I-TY, n. [L. inanitas.] Emptiness ; void space ; va- cuity. — Digby. IN-APTE-TENCE, \n. [L.] 1. Want of appetence, or of a IN-AP'PE-TEN-CY, J disposition to seek, select or imbibe nutriment. 2. Want of desire or inclination. IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being appli- cable; unfitness. IN-APTLI-CA-BLE, a. Not applicable ; that can not be ap- plied ; not suited or suitable to the purpose. — Syn. Unsuit- able ; unsuited ; unadapted ; inappropriate ; inapposite. IN-APTLI-CA-BLY, adv. In an inapplicable manner. JN-AP-PLI-CaTION, n. Want of application ; want of at tention or assiduity ; negligence ; indolence. IN-AP'PO-SITE, a. Not apposite ; not fit or suitable ; not pertinent. IN-AP'PO-Sf TE-LY, adv. In a manner not apposite. IN-AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appreciated ; that can not be duly valued. 2. That can not be estimated. IN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not intelligible.— Milton. IN-AP-PRE-HENS1VE, a. Not apprehensive. IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be approached. IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. Unapproachably. IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Not appropriate ; unsuited ; not proper. — J. P. Smith. 2. Not appropriate ; not belong- ing to. IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Not appropriately. IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness. IN-APT, a. Unapt ; not apt. IN-APTT-TUDE, n. Want of aptitude ; unfitness ; unsu't ableness. — Burke. IN-APT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; unsuitably. IN-APTNESS, 7i. Unfitness. IN-a'QUATE, a. Embodied m water.— Cranmer. IN-A-QUa'TION, n. The state of being inaquate— Gardner IN-AR'A-BLE. a. Not arable ; not capable of being tilled IN- ARCH',, v. t. To graft by approach. IN-XRCHiD' (in-archf), pp. Grafted by approach. IN-ARCH'ING, ppr. Grafting by approach. IN-ARCHING, n. A method of ingrafting, by which a cion, without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to a stock standing near. IN-aR-TIC'U-LATE, a. 1. Not uttered with articulation or junction of the organs of speech ; not articulate ; not dis- tinct, or with distinction of syllables. 2. In zoology, not jointed or articulated. — Dana. IN-AR-TIC'U-LATE-LY, adv. Not with distinct syllables , indistinctly. IN-AR-TICU-LATE-NESS, n. Indistinctness of utterance by animal voices ; want of distinct articulation. IN-aR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. Indistinctness of sounds in speak- ing. IN-aR-TI-FI"CIAL (-ar-te-fish'al), a. 1. Not done by art : not made or performed by the rules of art ; formed without art. 2. Simpk ; artless. IN-aR-TI-FFCIAL-LY, adv. Without art; in an artless man- ner; contrary to the rules of art. — Collier. IN-AS-MUCH', adv. [in, as, and much.] Seeing ; seeing that this being the fact. IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. The want of attention, or of fixing the mind steadily on an object ; heedlessness ; neglect IN-AT-TENT'lVE, a. Not fixing the mind on an object— Syn. Careless ; heedless ; regardless ; thoughtless ; negli- gent; remiss. IN-AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Without attention ; carelessly ; heedlessly. — Johnson. D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; fl as J ; S aa Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. INC 526 INC IN AUD'T-BLE, a. 1. That can not be heard. 2. Making no sound. — Shak. IN-AUD'7-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be heard. IN-AU'G U-RAL, a. [L. inauguro.} 1. Pertaining to inaugu- ration. 2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration. IN-AU'GU-RaTE, v. t. 1. To introduce or induct into an office with solemnity or suitable ceremonies ; to invest with an office in a formal manner. 2. To begin with good omens; [obs.] IN-AU'GU-RATE, a. Invested with office. — Drayton. IN-AU'GU-RI-TED, pp. Inducted into office with appropri- ate ceremonies. IN-AU'GU-Ra-TING, ppr. Inducting into office with solemni- ties. IN-AU-GU-RI'TION, n. The act of inducting into office with solemnity ; investiture with office by appropriate cere- monies. IN-AU'GU-Ra-TOR, n. One who inaugurates.— Coleridge. IN-AU'G U-RA-TO-RY, a. Suited to induction into office; pertaining to inauguration. — Johnson. IN-AU-RI'TION, n. [L. inauratus.] The act or process of gilding, or covering with gold. — Arbutknot. IN-AU'SPI-€ATE, a. Ill-omened.— Buck. IN-4U-SPl"CIOU3 (-spish'us), a. Ill-omened ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; evil ; unfavorable. JN-AU-SPrCIOUS-LY, adv. With ill omens ; unfortunate- ly; unfavorably. IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS-NESS (-spish'us-nes), n. Unluckiness , • unfavorableness. IN-Be'ING, n. Inherence ; inherent existence ; inseparable- ness. — Watts. IN'BoARD, a. Carried or stowed within the hold of a ship or other vessel ; as, an inboard cargo. IN'BoARD, adv. Within the hold of a vessel. IN'BORN. a. Innate ; implanted by nature. — Dryden. IN'BREIK-ING, a. Breaking into.— Ed. Rev. IN-BRfiATHE', v. t. To infuse by breathing.— Coleridge. IN-BRe ATH.ED', pp. or a. Infused by breathing or inspira- tion. — Milton. IN-BRS ATHING, ppr. Infusing by breathing. IN'BRED, a. Bred within ; innate ; natural. — Dryden. IN-BREED', v. t. To produce or generate within. IN'CA (ink'a), n. The title formerly given by the natives of Peru to their kings and to the princes of the blood. IN-GaGE', v. t. To confine in a cage ; to coop up ; to confine to any narrow limits. — Shak. IN-GA&.ED' (in-kajd'), pp. Cooped up ; confined to a cage or to narrow limits. IN-GXgE'MENT, n. Confinement in a cage. IN-€aG'ING, ppr. Confining to a cage or to narrow limits. IN-CAL'€U-LA-BLE, a. That can not be calculated. IN-CAL'CU-LA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapability of being calcu- lated. IN-€AL'€U-LA-BLY, adv. In a degree beyond calculation. IN-€A-LES'CENCE, } n. [L. incalescens.] A growing warm ; IN-€A-LES'CEN-CY, $ incipient or increasing heat. IN-€A-LES'CENT, a. Growing warm ; increasing in heat. IN-GAM-ER-a'TION, n. The act or process of uniting lands, revenues, or other rights to the pope's domain. IN-€AN-DES'CENCE, n. [L. incandescens.] A white heat; or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense heat. IN-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White or glowing with heat. JN-CANT-a'TION, n. [L. incantatio.) The act of enchant- ing ; enchantment ; the act of using certain formulas of words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits. IN-CANTA-TO-RY, a. Dealing by enchantment ; magical. t IN-CANTING, a. Enchanting. IN-CANTON, v. t. [in and canton.'] To unite to a canton or separate community. — Addison. IN-€a-PA-BIL'I-TY, \n. 1. The quality of being incapa- IN-Ca'PA-BLE-NESS, S ble ; natural incapacity or want of power. 2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal power. IN-Ga'PA-BLE, a. 1. Wanting capacity sufficient ; not hav- ing room sufficient to contain or hold. 2. Wanting natu- ral power or capacity to learn, know, understand, or com- prehend ; incompetent. 3. Not admitting ; not in a state to receive ; not susceptible of. 4. Wanting power equal to any purpose. 5. Wanting moral power or disposition ; as, incapable of dishonesty. 6. Unqualified or disqualified, in a legal sense; not having the legal or constitutional qualifications.— Incapable properly denotes a want of pass- ive power, the power of receiving, and is applicable par- ticularly to the mind ; unable denotes the want of active power or power of performing, and is applicable to the body or mind. IN-€a'PA-BLY, adv. In an incapable manner. IN-CA-P a'CIOUS (-ka-pa'shus), a. Not capacious ; not large or spacious ; narrow ; of small content. IN-CA-P A'CIOUS-NESS, n. Narrowness ; want of contain- ing space. IN-GA-PACI-TaTE, v. t. 1. To deprive of capacity cr nat- ural power. 2. To render or make incapable. 3. To dis able ; to weaken ; to deprive of competent power or abil- ity. 4. To render unfit. 5. To disqualify , to deprive of legal or constitutional requisites. IN-CA-P AC'I-TI-TED, pp. Rendered incapable ; deprived of capacity. IN-CA-P AC'1-Ta-TING, ppr Depriving of capacity ; render- ing incapable. IN-CA-P AC-I-Tl'TION, n. Want of capacity.— Burke. IN-CA-P AC'I-TY, n. 1. Want of capacity or power. 2. Want of qualification or legal requisites. 3. Disqualifica- tion ; disability by deprivation of power. — Syn. Inability ; incapability ; incompetency. IN-€aR'CER-aTE, v. t. [L. incarcero.] 1. To imprison ; to confine in a jail. 2. To confine ; to shut up or inclose. m-CARCER-ATE, a. Imprisoned ; confined.— More. IN-€aR'CER-a-TED, pp. Imprisoned. IN-€aR'CER-a-TING, ppr. Imprisoning. IN-CaR-CER-ITION, n. The act of imprisoning or conflm- ing ; imprisonment. IN-CaRN', v. t. [L. incarno.] To cover with flesh ; to invest with flesh. — Wiseman. IN-CaRN', v. i. To breed flesh. — Wiseman. IN-CXRN'A-DINE, a. [Fr. incamadin.] Flesh-colored; of a carnation color ; pale red. — Shak. IN-CaRN'A.-D1NE, v. t. To dye red or flesh-color. [Rare.] IN-€aRN'aTE, v. t. [Fr. incarner ; L. incarno.] To clothe with flesh ; to embody in flesh. — Milton. IN-€aRN'ATE, a. 1. Invested with flesh ; embodied in flesh. — 2. In Scotland, of a red color ; flesh-colored. IN-€aRN'a-TED, pp. Clothed with flesh. IN-€aRN'a-TING, ppr. Investing with flesh. IN-€aRN-a'TION, n. 1. The act of clothing with flesh. 2. The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body and the nature of man.— 3. In surgery, the process of healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh. rN-€iRN'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. incamatif.] Causing new flesh to grow ; healing. — Encyc. IN-CaRN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine that tends to promote the growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the neahng of wounds. IN-€aSE', v. t. 1. To inclose in a case. 2. To inclose ; to cover or surround with something solid. — Pope. IN-€aS_ED' (in-kasf), pp. Inclosed as in a case, sheath, or box. IN-€aSE'MENT, n. An inclosing with a casement IN-CiSTNG, ppr. Inclosing as in a case. IN-€aSK', v. t. To put into a cask.— Sherwood. IN-€AS'TEL-LI-TED, a. Confined or inclosed in a castlo- IN-€AT-E-NI'TION, n. [L. catena.] The act of linking to- gether.— Goldsmith. IN-CAUTION, n. Want of caution.— Rich. Diet. DN-CAU'TIOUS, a. Net cautious ; not circumspect ; not at- tending to the circumstances on which safety and interest depend. — Syn. Unwary ; indiscreet ; inconsiderate ; im- prudent ; impolitic ; careless ; heedless ; thoughtless ; improvident. IN-CAUTIOUS-LY, adv. Unwarily; heedlessly; without due circumspection. IN-CAUTIOUS-NESS, n. Want of caution ; unwarinesa want of foresight ; improvidence. IN'€A-Va-TED, a. Made hollow ; bent round or in. IN-CA-VI'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A hollow made. BJ-CEND', v. t. [L. incendo.] To inflame ; to excite. — Mars- ton. [Little used.] IN-CEND'I-A-RISM, n. The act or practice of maliciously setting fire to buildings. * IN-CEND'I-A-RY, n. [L. incendiarius.] 1. A person who maliciously sets fire to another man's dwelling-house, or to any out-house, being parcel of the same, as a barn or stable ; one who is guilty of arson. 2. Any person who sets fire to a building. 3. A person who excites or in- flames factions, and promotes quarrels. 4. He or that which excites. * IN-CEND'I-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to the malicious burn- ing of a dwelling. 2. Tending to excite or inflame fac- tions, sedition, or quarrek. IN-CEND'I-OUS, a. Promoting faction or quarrel. — Bacon. IN-CEND'I-OUS-LY, adv. In a way to produce onten- tion. IN'CENSE (in'sens), n. [L. incensum.] 1. Perfume exh&led by fire ; the odors of spices and gums, burned in religious rites, or as an offering to some deity. 2. The materials burned for making perfumes. 3. Acceptable prayers and praises. IN'CENSE (in'sens), v. t. To perfume with incense. IN-CENSE' (in-sens'), v. t. To enkindle or inflame to vio- lent anger ; to excite angry passions. — Syn. To enrage exasperate ; provoke ; anger ; irritate ; heat ; fire- IN-CENSED' (in-senstf), pp. or a. Inflamed to violent anger , exasperated. ♦ See Synopsis. 1, E, T, &c, long.— I. % 1, &c, short.— FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARXNE, BIRD j— M5 V E ^QCK. INC 527 INC IN-/?ENSE'MENT (in-sens'ment), n. Violent irritation of the passions ; heat ; exasperation. IN-CENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger ; irritating. IN-CEN'SION, n. [L. incensio.] The act of kindling ; the state of being on fire. — Bacon. IN-CENS'IVE, a. Tending to excite or provoke. IN-CENS'OR, n. [L.] A kindler of anger. * IN-CENS'O-RY, n. The vessel in which incense is hurned and offered. — Ainsworth. [Little used.] See Censer. IN-CEN'SUR-A-BLE, a. Not censurable.— Dwight. IN-CENTIVE, a. [Low L. incentivus.] Inciting; encour- aging or moving. IN-CEN'TlVE, n. [Low L. incentivum.] 1. That which kindles or inflames. 2. That which moves the mind, or operates on the passions ; that which prompts to good or ill. — Syn. Motive ; spur ; stimulus ; incitement ; encour- agement. IN-CENTIVE-LY, adv. So as to encourage or incite. IN-CEPTION, n. [L. inceptio.] Beginning. 1N-CEPTIVE, a. [L. inceptivus.] Beginning ; noting begin- ning ; as, an inceptive verb, one which marks the com- mencement of an action or course of action. rN-CEP'TIVE-LY, adv. In an inceptive manner. IN-CEPTOR, n. A beginner - f one in the rudiments. [N-CER-a'TION, n. [L. incero.] The act of covering with wax. LN-CER'A-TIVE, a. Cleaving to, like wax. IN-CER'TAIN, a. Uncertain; doubtful; unsteady. — Burnet. IN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. Doubtfully. IN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. Uncertainty; doubt.- Davies. IN-CER'TI-TUDE, n. [L. incertitudo.] Uncertainty; doubt- fulness ; doubt. IN-CES'SA-BLE, a. Unceasing ; continual. — Shelton. [Lit- tle used.] IN-CES'SA-BLY, adv. Without cessation ; constantly. IN-CES'SAN-CY, n. Unintermitted continuance ; unceas- ingness. — Dwight. IN-CES'SANT, a. [L. in and cessans.] Having no intermis- sion or cessation. — Syn. Unceasing ; uninterrupted ; un- intermitted ; ceaseless ; continual ; constant ; perpetual. IN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Without ceasing ; continually. EN'CEST, n. [Fr. inceste ; L. incestum.] The crime of co- habitation or sexual commerce between persons related within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the law of a country. IN-CESTU-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of incest. 2. Involving the crime of incest. [N-CEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an incestuous manner ; in a manner to involve the crime of incest. IN-CESTU-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being in- cestuous. — Bp. Hall. [NCH,?i. [Sax. ince.] 1. A lineal measure, being the twelfth part of a foot, and equal to the length of three barley corns. — 2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree ; as, to die by inches. 3. A precise point of time ; [unusual] ENCH, v. t. 1. To drive by inches or small degrees. — Dry- den ; [little used.] 2. To deal out by inches ; to give spar- ingly ; [little used.] INCH, v. i. To advance or retire by small degrees. — John- son. [Little used.] INCHED (incht), containing inches, is added to words of number ; as, four-inched. Shak.— -But in America the com- mon practice is to add only inch; as, a seven-inch cable. fr IN-CHaM'BER, v. t. [Fr. enchambrer.] To lodge in a chamber. IN-CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. Uncharitable. [Little used.] [N-CHAS'TI-TY, n. [in and chastity] Lewdness ; impuri- ty ; unchastity. — J. Edwards. IN-CHEST', v. t. To put into a chest.— Sherwood. IN-CHESTED, pp. Put into a chest. INCH'-MeAL, n. A piece an inch long. — By inch-meal, by small degrees. — Vhak. m'CHO-ATECin'kn-ate),^. [L.inchoo.] To begin. [Rare.] IN CHO-ATE, a. Begun ; commenced.— Raleigh. [N'€HO-ATE-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. LN-CHO-a'TION, n. The act of beginning; commence- ment^; inception.— Hale. [Little used.] iN-CHoA-TIVE, a. Noting beginning ; inceptive. INCH'PIN, n. Some part of the inwards of a deer. — Ains- tcorth. fIN-ClDE', v. t. [L. incido.] To cut; to separate, as medi- cines. — Arbuthnot. IN'CI-DENCE, n. [L. incidens.] 1. Literally, a falling on ; whence, an accident or casualty. Shak. — 0. In natural philosophy, the direction in which a ray of light or heat falls on any surface. — Angle of incidence, the angle which a ray of light falling on any surface makes with a perpen- dicular to that surface.— Olmsted. IN'CI-DENT, a. 1. Literally, falling on ; as, an incident ray. 2. Falling ; casual ; fortuitous ; coming or happening oc- casionally. 3. Happening ; apt to happen. 4. Appertain- ing to or following the chief or principal. IN'CI-DENT, n. 1. "That which falls out or takes place. 2. That which happens aside of the main design ; an episode jr subordinate action. Dry den. — 3. In law, somefhinji necessarily appertaining to and depending on another which is termed the principal. — Syn. Event ; occurrence , fact ; circumstance ; adventure ; chance ; contingenov • accident ; casualty. IN-CI-DENT'AL, a. 1. Happening; coming without de- sign ; casual ; accidental. 2. Not necessary to the chief purpose ; occasional. — Rogers. IN-CI-DENTAL, n. An incident.— Pope. [Little used.] IN-CI-DENTAL-LY, adv. 1. Casually ; without intention ; accidentally. 2. Beside the main design ; occasionally. t IN'CI-DENT-LY, adv. Occasionally ; by the way. IN-CIN'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. in and cinis.] To bum to ashes. — Bacon. t IN-CIN'ER-ATE, a. Burned to ashes.— Bacon. IN-CIN'ER-A-TED, pp. Burned to ashes. IN-CIN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing to ashes. IN-CIN-ER-I'TION, n. The act of reducing to ashes. IN-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Beginning ; commencement. IN-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. incipiens.] Beginning ; commencing , as, the incipient stage of a fever. IN-CIP1-ENT-LY, adv. In a way of commencing ; at first IN-CtR'CLET, n. A small circle.— Sidney. IN-C1R-€UM-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That can not be circum- scribed or limited. — Cranmer. IN-CIR-CUM-SPEC'TION, n. Want of circumspection. IN-ClSE', v.t. [Fr. inciser.] To cut in; to carve; to Gn- grave. IN-CIS.ED' (in-slzd'), pp. or a. [L. incisus.] Cut or engrav- ed^ made by cutting. — Wiseman. IN-ClSE'LY, adv. In the manner of incisions. IN-ClS'ING, ppr. Cutting in ; carving. IN-CIS'ION (in-sizh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. incisio.] 1. A cutting ; the act of cutting into a substance. 2. A cut ; a gash ; the separation of the surface of any substance made by a sharp instrument. 3. Separation of viscid matter by me_dicines ; [obs.] IN-Cl'SIVE, a. [Fr. incisif] Having the quality of cutting or separating the superficial part of any thing. — Incisivi teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters or incisors. IN-Cl'SOR, n. [L.] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts, bites, or separates. IN-Cl'SOR-Y, a. Having the quality of cutting. IN-CISTTRE (in-sizh'yur), n. [L. incisura.] A cut ; a place opened py cutting ; an incision. — Derham. IN-Cl'TANT, n. [from incite.] That which excites action in an animal body. — Darwin. IN-CI-TaTION, n. [L. incitatio.] 1. The act of inciting or moving to action ; incitement. 2. Incitement ; incentive ; motive ; that which excites to action ; that which rouses or prompts. IN-ClTE', v. t. [L. incito.] 1. To move the mind to action by persuasion or motives presented; to stir up. 2. To move to action by impulse or influence. 3. To inspire with courage or animation. — Syn. To stimulate ; insti- gate ; spur ; goad ; urge ; rouse ; provoke ; excite ; en- courage ; prompt ; animate. IN-CITED, pp. Moved to action ; stirred up ; spurred on. IN-CITE'MENT, n. That which incites the mind, or moves to action. — Syn. Motive ; incentive ; spur ; stimulus ; im- pulse ; encouragement. IN-ClTER, n. He or that which incites or moves to action. IN-CITTNG, ppr. or a. Exciting to action ; stirring up. IN-CIT'ING-LY, adv. In a way to incite or stimulate. IN-CIVTL, a. Rude; unpolite. [Rare.] See Uncivil. IN-CI-VIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incivilite.] 1. Want of courtesy or respectful manners toward others. — Tillotson. 2. Any act of ill-breeding. — Syn. Impoliteness ; uncourteousness ; unmannerliness ; disrespect ; rudeness. IN-CIV-IL-I-ZI'TION, n. An uncivil state. IN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; rudely. IN-CIV'ISM, n. Want of civism ; want of love to one's country, or of patriotism. — Ames. IN-CLaSP', v. t. To clasp ; to hold fast— Cudworth. IN-CLXSPJBD' (in-klaspt), pp. Held fast IN-CLXSP'ING, ppr- Holding fast. • IN'CLA-Va-TED, a. Set ; fast fixed.— Did. IN'CLE (inkT), n. See Inkle. IN-CLEM'EN-CY, n. [Fr. inclemence ; L. inclementia.] 1. Want of clemency ; want of mildness of temper ; unmer- cifulness ; harshness ; severity. 2. Roughness ; boister- ousness ; storminess ; or simply raininess ; severe cold, &c, as of the weather or season. IN-€LEM'ENT, a. 1. Destitute of a mild and kind temper ; void of tenderness; unmerciful; severe; harsh. 2. Rough; stormy ; boisterous ; rainy ; rigorously cold, Sec. IN-CLEM'ENT-LY, adv. In an inclement manner. IN-€LlNA-BLE, a. [L. inclinabiUs.] 1. Leaning; tending. 2. Having a 'propension of will ; Waning in disposition ; somewhat disposed. — Milton. IN-CLlNA-BLE-NESS, n. Favorable disposition.— Brady. IN-CLIN-ITION, n. [Fr. ; L. inclinatio.] 1. A leaning, any DOVE —BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K : 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, fr Obsolete, INC 528 INC deviation of a body or line from an upright position, or from a parallel line, toward another body. — 2. In geometry, the angle made by two lines or planes which meet, or which would meet if produced. 3. A leaning of the mind or will ; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to another. 4. A leaning of the taste or feelings ; as, an in- clination for trading. 5 Disposition of mind. — Shah. 6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its tendency to incline toward the earth. 7. The act of decanting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel. — Syn. Tendency ; bent ; proneness ; bias ; propensity ; prepossession ; predilec- tion ; attachment , desire ; affection ; love. * IN-CLXNA-TO-RI-LY, adv. Obliquely ; with inclination. * IN-€LlN'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of leaning or inclining. — Brown. IN-CLINE". v. i. [L. inclino.] 1. To lean ; to deviate from an erect or parallel line toward any object ; to slope ; to bend , to tend. 2. To lean ; [in a moral sense ;] to have a propension ; to be disposed ; to have some wish or de- sire^ 3. To have an appetite ; to be disposed. IN-CLiNE', v. t. 1. To cause to deviate from an erect, per- pendicular, or parallel line ; to give a leaning to. 2. To give a tendency or propension to the will or affections ; to turn ; to dispose. 3. To bend ; to cause to stoop or bow. LN-€LlNED' (in-klmd'), pp. or a. Having a leaning or tend- ency ; disposed. — Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon ; a sloping plane. It is one of the five simple mechanical powers. IN-€LIN'ER, n. An inclined dial. IN-CLlNTNG, ppr. Leaning ; causing to lean. [N-€LlN'ING, a. Leaning. IN-CLIP', v. t. To grasp ; to inclose ; to surround IN-CLIPPJD' (in-klipf), pp. Grasped ; inclosed. IN-CLIPTING, ppr. Grasping; surrounding. IN-CLOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister. [Litue used.] See Cloister. IN-CLoSE', v. t. [Fr. enclos.] 1. To surround ; to shut in ; to confine on all sides. 2. To separate from common grounds by a fence. 3. To include ; to shut or confine. 4. To environ ; to encompass. 5. To- cover with a wrap- per or envelope ; to cover under seal, as a letter. EN-GL5Si or want of the power of thinking.— Decay of Piety. IN-€OG'I-TANT, a. Not thinking ; thoughtless. IN-C061-TANT-LY, adv. Without consideration. IN-€0I-bUS, a. [L. incommodus.] Inconvenient , not atfbrding ease or advantage; unsuitable; giving trouble without much injury. * IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to create in- convenience; inconveniently; unsuitable' . *IN-€OM-MoT>I-OUS-NESS, n. Inconvenience; unsuita bleness. IN-COM-MODI-TY, n. [Fr. incommoditc; L. incommoditas.) Inconvenience ; trouble. — Bacon. [Little used.] IN-COM-MU-NI-CA-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of not bo IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE-NESS, j ing communicable. IN-€OM-Mi;'NI-€A-BLE, a. That can not be communicated or imparted to others. IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be im- parted or communicated. — Hakewill. IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€a-TED, a. Not imparted. IN-COM-Mu'NI-Ca-TING, a. Having no communion or in- tercourse with each other. — Hale. IN-COM-MO'NI-CA-TIVE, a. 1. Not communicative ; unso- cial. 2. Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship, or intercourse with. — Buchanan. IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TIVE-LY, adv. In an incommunicative manner. IN-€OM-MuT-A-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of being in IN-€OM-MuTA-BLE-NESS, S commutable. ignua in me lemimiie. -, IN-COM-MuTA-BLE-NESS, > commutable. Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, £, 1, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD •— M<5 VE BQOIL • See rNC 529 INC [N-€OM-MuTA-BLE, a. Not to be exchanged or commuted with another. IN-€OM-MuTA-BLY, adv. Without reciprocal change. IN-€OM-PA€T", \ a. Not compact ; not having the parts [N-€OM-PA€T / £D, 5 firmly united; not solid. IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLE, a. That admits of no comparison with others ; matchless. IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLE-NESS. n. Excellence beyond compar- ison. IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLY, adv. Beyond comparison ; without competition. IN"GOM-PaR2?D' (in-kom-pard'), a. Not matched ; peerless. — Spenser. f IN-€OM-PAS'SION, n. Want of compassion or pity. rN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Void of compassion or pity ; destitute of tenderness. — Johnson. IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without pity. IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. Want of pity. IN-GOM-PAT-I-BILl-TY, n. 1. Inconsistency; that quality or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it should subsist or be consistent with something else. 2. Irreconcilable disagreement IN.€OM-PAT'I-BLE, a. [Fr. It was formerly incompeiible.] 1. Inconsistent; that can not subsist with something else. 2. Irreconcilably different or disagreeing; incongruous. 3. Legally or constitutionally inconsistent ; that can not be united in the same person, .without violating the law or constitution. — 4. In chemistry, a term applied to saltsmnd other substances which can not exist together in solution without mutual decomposition. — Brande. IN GOM-PAT'I-BLY, adv. Inconsistently. [N-€OM-PENSA-BLE, a. That can not be recompensed. IN-€OM'PE-TENCE, \n. [Fr. incompetence.] 1. Inability; IN-GOM'PE-TEN-CY, 5 want of sufficient intellectual pow- ers or talents. 2. Want of natural adequate strength of body, or of suitable faculties. 3. Want of legal or consti- tutional qualifications. 4. Want of adequate means. 5. Insufficiency ; inadequacy, as of evidence. IN-€OM'PE-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. in and competens.] 1. Want- ing adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties ; inca- pable. 2. Wanting due strength or suitable faculties ; un- able. 3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. 4. Destitute of means ; unable. 5. Inadequate ; insuffi- cient.' 6. Unfit ; improper ; legally unavailable. IN-€OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Insufficiently ; inadequately ; not suitably. IN-€OM-PLeTE', a. [in and complete.] 1. Not finished. 2. Imperfect ; defective. — 3. In botany, lacking calyx or co- rolla, or both. IN-€OM-PL£TE'LY, adv. Imperfectly. IN-GOM-PLETE'NESS, n. An unfinished state ; imperfect- IN-GOM-PLE'TION, n. Incompleteness. — Smart. [Unau- thorized^ IN-€OM-PLEX', a. Not complex ; uncompounded ; simple. [N-€OM-PLl'A-BLE, a. Not compilable. IN-€OM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. Defect of compliance ; refusal to comply with solicitations. 2. Untractableness ; unyielding temper or_constitution.— Tillotson. IN-€OM-PLl'ANT, a. Unyielding to request or solicitation ; not disposed to comply. IN-€OM-PLl'ANT-LY, adv. Not compliantly. fN-COM-PoSED' (in-kom-pozd'), a. Disordered; disturbed. — Milton. [Little used.] See Discomposed. IN-GOM-POS'ITE or IN-€OMTO-SITE, a. Uncompound- ed; simple. IN-€OM-POS-SI-BILl-TY, n. The quality of not being pos- sible but by the negation or destruction of something ; in- consistency with something. [Little used.] fN-€OM-POS'SI-BLE, a. Not possible to be or subsist with something else. [Little used.] IN-€OM-PRE-HENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being in- comprehensible ; inconceivableness. — Campbell. IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That can not be comprehended or understood ; that is beyond the reach of human intellect ; inconceivable. 2. Not to be contained. [Little used.] 'N-eOM-PRE-HENSI-BLE-NESS, n. Incomprehensibility. CN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. Inconceivably. f N-€OM-PRE-HEN'SION, n. Want of comprehension. ■N-GOM-PRE-HENS'lVE, a. Not comprehensive. r N-€OM-PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting com- pression. N-€OM-PRESS1-BLE, a. Not to be compressed ; not ca- pable of being reduced by force into a smaller compass ; resisting compression. N-€OM-P0TA-BLE, a. That can not be computed. 1N-€ON-Ce AL'A-BLE, a. Not concealable ; not to be hid or kept secret. — Brown. IN-€ON-CElV'A-BLE, a. 1. That can not be conceived by the mind ; incomprehensible. 2. That can not be understood. tvPKlV'A-BLE. a. That can not be deprived. TN-DE-SCKlB'A-BLE, a. That can not be described. *N-BE-?CI>IP'TIVE,a. Not descriptive or containing just description. IN-DESERT, n. Want of merit or worth. iN-DESI-NENf , a. Not ceasing; perpetual IN-DES'1-N ENT-LY, adv. Without cessation.— Ray. "N DE-SlR'A-BLE, re. Not desirable. IN-DE-STRUCT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting de composition, or of being incapable of destruction IN-DE-STRUCTI-BLE, a. That can not be destro^ : i» capable of decomposition ; imperishable. IN-DE-STRUCTI-BLY, adv. In an indestructible manner. DN-DE-TERMTN-A-BLE, a. 1 That can not be determined ascertained, or fixed. 2. Not to be determined or ended IN-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLY, adv. In an indeterminable marine IN-DE-TERM1N-ATE, a. 1. tfot determinate ; not settlor or fixed ; not definite ; uncertain. 2. Not certain ; not pre cise. — An indeterminate quantity, in mathematics, a quantity having no fixed value. IN-DE-f ERM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Not in any settled man- ner ; indefinitely ; not with precise limits. 2. Not with certainty or precision of signification. DJ-DE-TERM'IN-ATE-NESSr n. Indefiniteness ; want of certain limits ; want of precision. — Paley. IN-DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, re. 1. Want of determinatica ; an unsettled or wavering state ; vacillation. 2. Want ol iked or stated direction. IN-DE-TERM'IN ED, a. Undetermined ; unsettled ; un&ced. IN-DE-VoTE', a. Not devoted.— Bentlev. IN-DE-VoTED, a. Not devoted.- Clarendon. IN-DE-Vo'TION, n. [Fr. ; in and devotion.] Want of devo- tion ; absence of devout affections. IN-DE-VOUT, a. [Fr. indevot.] Not devout ; not having de- vout affections ; undevout. — Decay of Piety. IN-DE-VOUTLY, adv. Without devotion. INDEX, n. ; pi. Indexes, sometimes In'dices. [L,] 1. That which points out ; that which shows or manifests. 2. The hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the day, the road to a place, &c. 3. A table of the contents of a book. — Watts. A table of references in an alphabetical order. — 4. In anatomy, the forefinger, or pointing finger. — 5. In arithmetic and algebra, the figure or letter which shows to what power any quantity is involved : the exponent [In this sense the plural is always indices.] — 6. The index of a logarithm, is the integral part of the logarithm ; the char- acteristic. — 7. The index of a globe, or the gnomon, is a lit- tle style fitted on the north pole, which, when the globe is turned, serves to point to certain divisions of the hour cir- cle. — 8. Index of refraction, in optics, the sine of the angle of incidence, the sine of the angle of refraction being taken for unity. — 9. In music, a direct, which see. — In the Roman Catholic Oiurch, the index prohibitory is a catalogue of books which are forbidden to be read; the index expurga- tory is a catalogue specifying passages in books which are to be expunged or altered. These catalogues are pub- lished, with additions, from time to time, under the sanc- tion of the pope. — Hooke. DNDEX, v. I. To provide with an index or table ot con- tents ; to reduce to an index ; as, to index a book. BNDEXED (in'dext), pp. Provided with an index ; reduced to an index. IN'DEX-ER. re. He who frames an index. IN DEXIC-AL, a. Having the form of an index ; pertaining to an index. IN-DEX'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an index. IN'DEX-ING, ppr. Providing with an index ; reducing to an index. FN-DEX-TERI-TY, n. 1. Want of dexterity or readiness in the use of the hands ; clumsiness ; awkwardness. 2. Want of skill or readiness in any art or occupation. IN'DIA (ind'ya), n. A country in Asia, so named from the River Indus. IN'DIA RUBBER \ n. The caoutchouc, a substance of ex- IN'DIAN RUBDER,5 traordinary elasticity, called, also, elastic gum or resin. IN'DIA-MAN. n. A large ship employed in the India trade INDIAN (ind'yan), a. "Pertaining to either of the Indiei, East or West, or to the aborigines of America. IN'DIAN (ind'yan), re. A general name of any native of the Indies : a native of the American continent. INDIAN ARTtoW-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus maritnta. INDIAN BERTtY, n. Cocculus Lidicus. which see.— Ure. INDIAN BREAD, n. A plant of the genus jatropha, INDIAN CORN, n. A plant the maize, of the genus zea ; a native of America INDIAN CRESS, n. A plant of the genus tropaolum. INDIAN FIG, n. A plant of the genus cactus. INDIAN INK, In. A substance made of lampblack and an- IN'DIA INK, 5 imal glue, brought chiefly from China, and used for water-colors. INDIAN-LIKE, a. Resembling an Indian. INDIAN RED. n. A species of ochre.— Hill. INDIAN REED. re. A plant of the genus canna. INDIAN TO-BAC'CO. n. A species of lobelia, which see. INDIAN TURNIP, re. An American plant with a head of red berries growing on a stem, and a root resembling a small turnip, but having a very acrid juice. — Farm.Encvc INDIAN-ITE. re. A mineral of the feldspar family. INDI-CANT, a. or n. [L. indicans.] A term applied to that which points out what is to be done to cure disease. r,6 \ ,-; :_EULL. UNITE ;— AN'GER, WCIOUS.— 6 as K ; ., to manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies. — Syn. To show ; mark ; signify ; de- note ; discover. IN'DI-Ga-TED, pp. Shown; pointed out; directed. INDI-Ga-TING, ppr. Showing; pointing out ; directing. IN-DI-GI'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing out. 2. Mark ; token ; sign ; symptom. — 3. In medicine, any symptom or occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suitable remedies. 4. Discovery made ; intelligence given. — Bent- ley. 5. Explanation ; display ; [little used.] £N-DI€'A-TlVE, a. [L. indicativus.] 1. Showing ; giving in- timation or knowledge of something not visible or obvious. — 2. In grammar, the indicative mood is the form of the verb that indicates, that is, which affirms or denies. The word is often used as a noun to denote this mood. IN-DIGA-TlVE-LY, adv. In a manner to show or signify. 1N'DI-€a-TOR, n. He or that which shows or points out. iN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Showing; serving to show or make known^ IN-DI--GAVIT, n. [L.] In English law, a species of the writ of prohibition. It lies for the patron of a church when his incumbent is sued for tithes by another clergyman. lN'DlCE. See Index. IN'DI-€0-LlTE, n. [L. indicum, indigo, and Gr. \i6os.] In mineralogy, an indigo-blue variety of shorl or tourmalin. IN-DlCT (in-dite'), v. t. [L. indictus.] In law, to accuse or charge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a grand- jury under oath. IN-DlCTA-BLE (in-difa-bl), a. 1. That may be indicted. 2. Subject to be presented by a grand-jury ; subject to in- dictment. IN-DICT'ED (in-difed), pp. Accused by a grand-jury. 1N-DICT-EE' (in-dite-e'), n. A person who is indicted. IN-DlCT'ER (in-dit'er), n. One who indicts. IN-DlCT'ING (in-dit'ing), ppr. Accusing, or making a formal or written charge of a crime by a grand-jury. IN-DIGTION, n. [Fr. ; Low L. indictio.) 1. Declaration ; proclamation. Bacon. — 2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine the Great ; it was begun Jan. 1, A. D. 313; originally, a period of taxation. IN-DI€'TlVE, a. Proclaimed ; declared.— Keunet. IN-DlCTMENT (in-dite'ment), n. 1. A written accusation or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by a grand-jury under oath to a court. 2. The paper or parchment containing the accusation of a grand-jury. IN'DIES (ind'yez), n. ; "pi. of India. IN-DIF'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indifferentia.] 1. Equipoise or neutrality of mind between different persons or things ; a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more than the other. 2. Impartiality ; freedom from prejudice, prepossession, or bias. 3. Unconcernedness ; a state of the mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is presented to it. 4. State in which there is no difference, or in which no moral or physical reason preponderates. Hooker. — Syn. Carelessness ; negligence ; unconcern ; ap- athy; insensibility. IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indifferens.] 1. Neutral ; not inclined to one side, party, or thing more than to another. 2. Unconcerned ; feeling no interest, anxiety, or care re- specting any thing. 3. Having no influence or preponder- ating weight ; having no difference that gives a preference. 4. Neutral, as to good or evil. 5. Impartial ; disinterest- ed; as, an indifferent judge, juror, or arbitrator. 6. Pass- able ; of a middling state or quality ; neither good nor the worst. IN-DIF'FER-ENT-ISM, n. State of indifference.— Carlisle. [Bad.] IN-DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or pref- erence. 2. Equally ; impartially ; without favor, preju- dice, or bias. 3. In a neutral state ; without concern ; without wish or aversion. 4. Not well ; tolerably ; passably. INDI-GENCE, )72. [Fr. indigence.] Want of estate or 1 NDI- GEN-C Y, J means of comfortable subsistence.— Syn. Penury ; poverty ; destitution ; need. INDIGENE, n. [L. ivdigena.] One born in a country ; a native animal or plant. — Evelyn. IN-DIG'EN-OUS, a. 1. Native ; born in a country, as persons. 2. Native ; produced naturally in a country ; not exotic, us plants. IN'DI-GENT, a. [L. indigene ; Fr. indigent.] Destitute of property or means of subsistence ; needy ; poor IN'DI -6ENT-LY, adv. With indigence or destitution. \ IN-DI-GEST, n. A crude mass.— Shak. lN-DI-GEST'ED, a. [L. indigestus.] ,1. Not digested; not concocted in the stomach ; not changed or prepared for nourishing the oody ; undigested, crude. 2. Not separa- ted into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form • not regularly disposed and arranged. 3. Not methodized ; not reduced to due form ; crude. 4. Not prepared by heat. 5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of an abscess or boil. — Wiseman. See Synopsis. A, a., I, &c„ long.— I, E I Sec. short.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;--MARiNii IN-DI-GESTT-BLE, a. 1. Not digestible ; not easilj convert- ed into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nourishing the body. 2. Not to be received or patiently endured. IN-DI-gEST'I-BLY, adv. Not digestibly. IN-DI-GES'TION (-jesfyun), n. Want of due coction in the stomach ; a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nutriment ; crudity. — As a disease, dyspepsia. IN-DIG'IT-aTE, v. t. To point out with the finger. IN-DIG'IT-aTE, v. i. To communicate ideas by the fingers ; to show or compute by the fingers. IN-DIg'IT-a-TING, ppr. Showing, directing, or computing by the fingers. IN-DIG-IT-A'TION, n. The act of pointing out with the finger. t IN-DIGN' (in-dine'), a. [L. indignus.] Unworthy ; disgrace- ful.— Shak. t IN-DIG'NANCE, n. Indignation.— Spenser. IN-DIG'NANT, a. [L. indignans.] Affected at once with an- ger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath and scorn or contempt. IN-DIG'NANT-LY, adv. With indignation. IN-DIG-NI'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. indignaiio.) 1. A strong anu elevated disapprobation of what" is flagitious in character or conduct ; anger or extreme anger, mingled with con tempt, disgust, or abhorrence. 2. The anger of a supe- rior ; extreme anger, particularly, of the Supreme Being 3. The effects of anger ; the dreadful effects of God's dis pleasure ; terrible judgments. 4. Holy displeasure at one's self for sin.— Syn. Ire ; wrath ; resentment ; fury ; rage. t IN-DIG'NI-FY, v. t. To treat disdainfully.— Spenser. IN-DIGNI-TY, n. [la.indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptuous conduct toward another ; any action toward another which manifests contempt for him ; incivility or injury, accompanied with insult. — Syn. Contumely ; outrage ; af- front ; abuse ; rudeness. t IN-DlGN'LY (in-dlnely), adv. Unworthily.— Hall. IN'DI-GO, n. [L. indicum, from India ; Fr., It., Sp. indigo.] A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks of the indigo plant, and giving a deep blue color. IN'DI-GO-PLANT, n. A name common to several herbs or shrubs of the genus indigofera, from which is prepared indigo. IN-DI-Go'GEN, n. White or reduced indigo, produced by the action upon blue indigo of any deoxydating body. Graham. IN-DI-GOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the strength of indigo. — Ure. IN-DI-GOT'IC ACID, n. An acid formed by dissolving in- digo in diluted nitric acid. IN-DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Not dilatory or slow.— Cornwallis. IN-DIL'I-GENCE, n. Want of diligence ; slothfulncss. IN-DIL'I-GENT, a. Not diligent ; idle ; slothful. IN-DIL'1-GENT-LY, adv. Without diligence.— Bp. Hall. IN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. That can not be diminished. IN-DI-RECT, a. [L. indirectus.] 1. Not straight or recti- linear ; deviating from a direct line or course ; circuitous. 2. Not direct, in a moral sense ; not tending to a purpose by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordi- nary means, but obliquely or consequentially. 3. Wrong ; improper. — Shak. 4. Not fair ; not honest ; tending to mis- lead or deceive ; as. indirect dealing. Tillotson. — 5. Indi- rect tax, is a tax or duty on articles of consumption, as an excise, customs, &c. IN-DI-REG'TION, n. 1. Oblique course or means.— Shak. 2. Dishonest practice. — Shak. ; [obs.] IN-DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. Not in a straight line or course ; obliquely. 2. Not by direct means. 3. Not in express terms. 4. Unfairly. — Shak. IN-DI-REGTNESS, n. 1. Obliquity ; devious course. 2. Unfairness ; dishonesty. — Montagu. IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE (in-diz-zem'e-bl), a. That Can not be discerned ; not visible or perceptible ; not discoverable. IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS (in-diz-zern'e-bl-nes), n. Incapa- bility of being discerned. — Hammond. IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY (in-diz-zern'e-bly), adv. In a manner not to be seen or perceived. tIN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. In discerptible.— More. IN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being capa- ble of separation of constituent parts. IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapa- ble of dissolution or separation of parts. IN-DIS-CERP'TI-BLE, a. Incapable of being destroyed by dissolution or separation of parts. IN-DIS-CERP'TI-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of sep- aration into parts. IN-DIS'CI-PLlN-A-BLE, a. That can not be disciplined or subjected to discipline; not capable of being improved by discipline. IN-DIS'CI-PLSNE. n. Want of discipline or instruction.— Q Morris. IN-D1S-C6VER-A-BLE (-kuv'er-a-b 1 ), a. Th-.t can not be discovered ; undiscoverable. IN-DIS-C6VE-RY, n. Want of d^overy. {Ihi.tufjL] BiKD,- MjV.'i BOOK, IND 535 IND EN-DIS-€REET , a. 1. Not discreet ; wanting i» discretion, as persons. 2. Not according to discretion or sound judg- ment, as conduct. — Svn. Imprudent; injudicious; incon- siderate; rash; hasty; incautious; heedless. IN-DIS-CREETL Y, adv. Not discreetly ; without prudence ; inconsiderately ; without judgment. IN-DIS-CRkTE', a. Not discrete or separated. iN-DIS-€RE"TION (-dis-kresh'un), n. [in and discretion.} Want of discretion ; imprudence. '.N-DIS-CRIMTN-ATE, a. [L. indiscriminatus.] 1. Undistin- guishing ; not making any distinction. 2. Not having dis- crimination ; confused. 3. Undistinguished or undistin- guishable ; promiscuous. IN-DIS-€RIM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. Without distinction ; in con- fusion. Not making any distinction. Want of discrimination or IN-DIS-CR1MTN-I-TING, a. IN-DIS-CRLM-IN-i'TlON, n. distinction. IN-DIS-CRIMTN-A-TIVE. a. IN-DIS-CUSSED' (-dis-kusf), IN-DIS-PENS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Making no distinction. a. Not discussed. — Donne. Indispensableness. [Rare.] TN-DIS-PENSA-BLE, a. Not to be dispensed with ; that can not be omitted, remitted, or spared ; absolutely necessary or requisite. [N-DIS-PENSA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being absolutely necessary. IN-D1S-PENSA-BLY, adv. Necessarily ; in a manner or de- gree that forbids dispensation, omission, or want. IN-DIS-PERS.SD' (in-dis-perstO, a. Not dispersed. IN-DIS-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. indisposer.] 1. To disincline ; to alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable to any thing. 2. To render unfit ; to disqualify for its proper functions ; to disorder. 3. To disorder slightly, as the healthy functions of the body. 4. To make unfavorable or disinclined. IN-DI3-P0S_ED' (in-dis-pozd"), pp. or a. 1. Disinclined ; averse ; unwilling ; unfavorable. 2. Disordered ; disqual- ified for its functions ; unfit. 3. Slightly disordered ; not in perfect health. LN-DIS-PoS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Disinclination ; slight aversion ; unwillingness ; unfavorableness. 2. Unfitness ; disordered state. [N-DIS-P5STNG, ppr. 1. Disinclining ; rendering somewhat averse, unwilling, or unfavorable. 2. Disordering; ren- dering unfit. IN-DIS-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. Disinclination; aversion; un- willingness ; dislike. 2. Slight disorder of the healthy functions of the body ; illness ; tendency to disease. 3. Want of tendency or natural appetency or affinity. * IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not to be disputed ; too evident to admit of dispute.— Syn. Incontestable ; unquestionable ; incontrovertible ; undeniable ; irrefragable ; indubitable ; certain ; positive. * IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- ing indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy. * IN"DIS'PU-TA-BLY, adv. Without dispute ; in a manner or degree not admitting of controversy ; unquestionably ; without opposition. IN-DI8-P0TED, a. Not disputed or controverted ; undis- puted.— Encyc. IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. bidissolubilite.] 1. The quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dis- solved, melted, or liquefied. 2. The quality of being inca- pable of a breach ; perpetuity of union ; obligation or binding force. [N-DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indissolubilis.] 1. Not ca- pable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied, as by heat or water. 2. That can not be broken or rightfully violated ; perpetually binding or obligatory. 3. Not to be broken ; firm ; stable ; as, indissoluble ties of friendship. IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being incapa- ble of dissolution or breach ; indissolubility. EN-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, adv. In a manner resisting separation ; in a manner not to be dissolved or broken. EN-DIS-SOLVA-BLE, a. 1. That can not be dissolved ; not capable of being melted or liquefied. 2. Indissoluble ; that can not be broken ; perpetually firm and binding. 3. Not capable of separation into parts by natural process. IN-DIS-SOLVA-BLE-NESS, n. Indissolubleness. f IN-DIS'TAN-CY, n. Want of distance or separation. IN-DIS-TINCF, a. [Fr. ; L. indistinctus.] 1. Not distinct or distinguishable ; not separate in such a manner as to be perceptible by itself; [applied to physical objects.] 2. Not clear or distinct, intellectually considered. 3. Imperfect ; faint; not presenting clear and well-defined images, as a prospect. 4. Not exactly discerning. — Shak.; [unusual.] — ^yn. Undefined ; undistinguishable ; obscure ; indefinite ; vague ; ambiguous ; uncertain. >N-DIS-TIN€TT-BLE, a. Undistinguishable.— Warton. [Lit- tle used.] *N-DlS-TJN€'TION, n. 1. Want of distinction ; confusion; uncertainty. 2. Indiscrimination ; want of distinction. J. Equality of condition or rank. IN-DIS-TIN€TLY, adv. 1 . Without distinction or separ tion. 2. Confusedly ; not clearly ; obscurely. 3. N definitely ; not with precise limits. IN-DIS-TINCT'NESS, n. 1. Want of distinction or discrim ination ; confusion ; uncertainty. 2. Obscurity ; faintnesa IN-DIS-TIVGUISl'T-A-BLE (-ting'gwish-), a. That can no» be distinguished or separated; undistinguishable. IN-DIS-TfN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference. IN-DIS-TURBANCE, n. Freedom from disturbance ; calm- ness ; repose ; tranquillity. — Temple. IN-DITCH', v. t. To bury in a ditch.— Bp. Hall. [Rare.] IN-DlTE', v. t. [L. indico, indicium.] 1. To compose ; te write; to commit to words in writing. 2. To direct or dictate what is to be uttered or written. IN-DlTE', v. i. To compose an account of.— Waller. IN-DlT'ED, pp. Composed ; written ; dictated. IN-DlTE'MENT, n. The act of inditing. IN-DlTER, n. One who indites. IN-DlTING, ppr. Committing to words in writing ; dicta ting what shall be written. IN-Dl-VlDA-BLE, a. Not capable of division. IN-DI-VID'ED, a. Undivided.— Patrick. IN-DI-VID'U-AL, a. [Fr. individuel] 1. Not divided, or not to be divided ; single ; one. 2. Pertaining to one only ; as, individual efforts. IN-DI-VID'U-AL, n. 1. A single person or human being. 2. A single animal or thing of any kind. IN-DI- VID'U-AL-ISM, n. The state of individual interest, or attachment to the interest of individuals, in preference to the common interest of society. — De Tocqueville. IN-DI-VID-U-AL'I-TY, n. Separate or distinct existence ; a state of oneness.— Arbuthnot. IN-DI-VID-U-AL-I-ZA'TION, ti. The act of individualizing -, the state of being individualized. IN-DI-VID'U-AL-lZE, v. t. To distinguish; to select or mark as an individual. — Drake. IN-DI- VID'U-AL-TZ.ED, pp. Distinguished as a particular person or thing. — Drake. IN-DI-VID'tJ-AL-lZ ING, ppr. Distinguishing as an individual IN-DI- VID'U-AL-LY, adv. 1. Separately; by itself; to tha exclusion of others. 2. With separate or distinct exist- ence. 3. Inseparably ; incommunicably. IN-DI- VID'U-ATE, a. Undivided. IN-DI- VID'U-aTE, v. t. To make single ; to distinguish from others of the species. — More. IN-DI- VID-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making single or the same, to the exclusion of others. 2. The act of separating into individuals by analysis, t IN-DI- VID-U'I-TY, n. Separate existence. IN-DI-VIN'I-TY, n. Want of divine power. — Brovm. IN-DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being indivisible. IN-DI- VIg'I-BLE, a. That can not be divided, separated, or broken ; not separable into parts. IN-DI- VTS'I-BLE, n. In geometry, indivisibles are the ele- ments or principles, supposed to be infinitely small, into which a body or figure may be resolved. IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indivisibility. IN-DI-VIS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of division. IN-DI-VIS'ION, n. A state of being not divided.— More. IN'DO-BRIT'ON, n. A person born in India, one of whose parents is a native of Great Britain. — Malcom. * IN-Do'CI-BLE or IN-DOC1-BLE, a. 1. Unteachable; not capable of being taught, or not easily instructed ; dull in intellect. 2. Intractable, as a beast. * IN-Do'CI-BLE-NESS or IN-DOC'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indocil. ity. — Taylor. *IN-Do'CILE or IN-DOCILE, a. [Fr.; L. indoczlis.] 1. Not teachable ; not easily instructed ; dull. 2. Intractable, IN-DO-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. indociliti.] 1. Unteachableness ; dullness of intellect, 2. Intractableness. IN-DO€TRIN-7vTE, v. t. [Fr. endoctriner .] To teach; to instruct in rudiments or principles. IN-DOC'TRIN-A-TED, pp. Taught ; instructed in the prin- ciples of any science. IN-D OC'TRIN-a-TING, ppr. Teaching; instructing in prin- ciples or rudiments. IN-DOC-TRIN-a'TION, n. Instruction in the rudiments and principles of any science ; information. IN'DO-LENCE, n. [Fr.; L. indolentia.] 1. Literally, free- dom from pain. — Burnet. 2. Habitual idleness ; indisposi- tion to labor ; laziness ; inaction or want of exertion of body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to toil. — Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or habitual love of ease ; idleness does not. IN'DO-LENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Plabitually idle or indisposed to labor ; lazy ; listless ; sluggish ; indulging in ease. 2. In- active ; idle ; slothful ; as, indolent habits. 3. Free from pain ; as, an indolent tumor. — Johnson. IN'DO-LENT-LY, adv. In habitual idleness and ease ; with- out action, activity, or exertion ; lazily. IN-DOM'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. in and domo.] That can not be subdued ; irrepressible ; untamable. — Herbert. DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete. IND 536 IND n»*S,jMPT A.Ii I, a. [Fr.] Not to be subdued. [Rare.] TN-D'" RS'A BLii, a. That maybe indorsed, assigned, and mude payable to order. IN-DORSE', v, t. [L. in and dorsum.] 1. To write on the back of a paper or written instrument. 2. To assign by writing an order on the back of a note or bill ; to assign or I transfer by indorsement. 3. To give sanction or currency to ; as, to indorse a statement or the opinions of another ; [modern.] — To indorse in blank, to write a name only on a note or bill, leaving a blank to be filled by the holder. IN-DOR-SEE', n. The person to whom a note or bill is in- dorsed, or assigned by indorsement. EN-DORSJED' (indorst), pp. or a. Written on the back ; as- signed ; sanctioned. IN-DORSE'MENT, n. 1. The act of writing on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument. 2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or other paper. 3. Sanction or support given ; as, the indorsement of a rumor. IN-DORS'ER, n. The person who indorses a note, &c., and thus becomes liable for its payment. IN-DORS'lNG, ppr. Writing on the back; assigning; sanc- tioning. iN-DORSTNG, n. Making an indorsement ; sanctioning. INDRAUGHT (in'draft), n. An opening from the sea into the land ; an inlet. — Raleigh. INDRAWN, a. Drawn in. IN-DRENCH, v. t. To overwhelm with water; to drown; to drench. — Shak. IN-DRENCHED' (-drenchtf), pp. Overwhelmed with water. IN-Du'BI-OUS, a. [L. ihdubius.] 1. Not dubious or doubt- ful ; certain. 2. Not doubting ; unsuspecting. IN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indubitabilisA Not to be doubted ; apparently certain ; too plain to admit of doubt. — Syn. Unquestionable ; evident ; incontrovertible ; in- contestable; undeniable; irrefragable. IN-Du'BI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being indubitable.— Ash. IN-Du'BI-TA-BLY, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably; in a manner to remove all doubt. — Sprat. t IN-DU'BI-TATE, a. [L. indubitatus.] Not questioned ; evi- dent; certain — Bacon. IN-DtJCE', v. t. [L. induco.] 1. To lead, as by persuasion or argument ; to prevail on ; to influence by motives. 2. To produce by influence. — Forbes. 3. To produce; to bring on ; to cause, as changes. 4. To introduce ; to bring into view. — Pope. 5. To offer by way of induction or inference ; [not used.] — 6. In electricity, to transmit or exert an electric influence through a non-conducting medium, without any apparent communication of a spark. — Syn. To move ; actuate; urge; incite; impel; instigate. IN-DOCED' (in-dustf), pp. Persuaded by motives ; influ- enced ; produced ; caused ; transmitted, as electric influ- ence through a non-conducting medium. IN-DUCE'MENT, n. 1. Any thing that leads the mind to will or to act. — 2. In law, a statement of facts introducing other material facts. — Syn. Incitement ; motive ; reason ; cause. lN-DuC'ER, n. He or that which induces, persuades, or in- fluences. IN-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. That may be induced; that may be offered by induction. 2. That may be caused. lN-DuC'ING, ppr. Leading or moving by reason or argu- ments ; persuading ; producing ; causing ; transmitting electric influence through a non-conducting medium. lN-DUGT, v. t. [L. inductus.] To introduce, as to a bene- fice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesias- tical living or of any other office, with the customary forms and ceremonies. IN-DUCT'ED, pp. Introduced into office with the usual formalities. IN -DUCTILE, a. Not capable of being drawn into threads, as a metal. 1 N-DU€-TIL'I-TY, n. The quality o f being inductile. IN-DU€T'ING, ppr. Introducing into office with the usual formalities. lN-DUC'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. inductio.] 1. Literally, a bringing m ; introduction ; entrance. 2. The bringing forward of par- ticulars, or individual cases, with a view to establish some general conclusion. 3. A kind of argument which infers respecting a whole class what has been ascertained re- e pectmg one or more individuals of that class.— Whateley. This is the inductive method of Bacon, and is the direct re- verse of logical deduction. It ascends from the parts to the whole, and forms, from the general analogy of nature or (special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strength- ened or weakened by subsequent experience. It relates to actual existences, as in physical science or the concerns of life. Deduction, on the contrary, descends from the whole to some included part ; its inferences are necessary conclusions accoi-ding to the laws of thought, being mere- ly the mental recognition of some particulars, as included ' (in-diid'), pp. Clothed; invested. IN-DuE'MENT (in-du'ment), n. A putting on; endowment IN-DuTNG, ppr. Investing ; putting on. IN-DULgE' (in-dulf), v. t. [L. indvlgeo.] 1. To permit to be or to continue ; to suffer ; not to restrain or oppose, as one's desires or hopes. 2. To gratify, negatively ; not to check or restrain the will, appetite, or desire ; as, to in- dulge the young in their pleasures. 3. To gratify, positive- ly ; to grant something not of right, but as a favor ; to grant in compliance with wishes or desire.— 4. In general, to gratify ; to yield to the wishes of; to withhold restraint from. — Syn. To cherish ; foster ; harbor ; allow ; favor ; humor. IN-DULGE' (in-dulj'), v. i. 1. To permit to enjoy or prac- tice ; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without restraint or control. 2. To yield ; to comply ; to be fa- vorable ; [little used.] IN-DULg£D' (in-duljd'), pp. 1. Permitted to be and to oper- ate without check or control. 2. Gratified; yielded to; humored in wishes or desires. 3. Granted. IN-DUL'gENCE, ) n. 1. Free permission to the appetites, IN-DUL'gEN-CY, ) humor, desires, passions, or will to act or operate ; forbearance of restraint or control. 2. Grati- fication. 3. Favor granted; liberality; gratification. — 4. In the Roman Catholic Church, remission of the punish- ment due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and sup- posed to save the sinner from purgatory. IN-DUL'gENT, a. 1. Yielding to the wishes, desires, humor, or appetites of those under one's care ; kind ; tender ; compliant ; not opposing or restraining. 2. Mild ; favor- able; not severe, as criticism. 3. Gratifying; favoring: with of; as, " indulgent of their ease." — Dryden. IN-DUL-gEN'TIAL, a. Relating to the indulgences of the Roman Catholic Church. — Brevint. [Not well authorized.] IN-DUL'GENT-LY, adv. 1. With unrestrained enjoyment — Hammond. 2. Mildly ; favorably ; not severely. IN-DULG'ER, n. One who indulges. — Montagu. IN-DULo'ING, ppr. Permitting to enjoy or to practice. IN-DULT', > n. [Fr. ; It. indulto.] 1. A privilege or ex- IN-DULT'O, J emption. — 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, a privilege granted by the pope to certain persons, of doing or obtaining something contrary to established rule or law. — 3. In Spain, a duty, tax, or custom paid to the king for all goods imported from the West Indies in tha galleons. IN-Du'PLI-CATE, a. [L. in and duplicatus.] In botany, hav- ing the margins bent abruptly inward, and the external face of the edges applied to each without any twisting.- Lindley. IN'DU-RaTE, v. i. [L. induro.] To grow hard; to harden or become hard. IN'DU-RaTE, v. t. 1. To make hard. 2. To make unfeel- ing ; to deprive of sensibility ; to render obdurate. IN'DU-RA-TED,pp. or a. Hardened: made obdurate. IN'DU-RA-TING, ppr. Hardening ; rendering insensible IN-DU-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of hardening, or process of growing hard. 2. Hardness of heart ; obduracy. IN-DO'SIAL, a. [L. indusia.] Composed of, or containing the petrified indusia, or the cases of the larves of certain insects ; as, indusial limestone. — Brande. IN-Du'SI-UM (-she-um), n. [L.] In botany, a collection of hairs upon the style of a flower, united into the form of a cup, and in closing the stigma. 2. A superincumbent por- tion of cuticle continuing to cover the sari of ferns wlies. they are mature. IN-DUS'TRI-AL, n. Consisting in industry, pertainb** to industry. IN-DUSTRI-AL-LY, adv. With reference to industry IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. [L. iidustrius.] 1. Diligen , .n > tiei- ness or study ; constantly, regularly, o habitually .x-.cu- Ses Synopsis. I, % 3 1, &c„ long - -a. t, 1, &c, s/wrt. —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE BIRD MOVE, BOOS, INE 537 INE pied irj business ; assiduous ; active ; laborious. 2. Dili- gent in a particular pursuit, or to a particular end. 3. Giv- en to industry ; characterized by diligence, as habits. 4. Careful ; assiduous. — Watts. IS DUSTRI-OUS-L Y, adv. 1. With habitual diligence ; with steady application of the powers of body or of mind. 2. Diligently ; assiduously ; with care. IN'D US-TRY, n. [L. industria.] Habitual diligence in any employment, either bodily or mental ; steady attention to business; assiduity. INTJWELL-ER, n. An inhabitant— Spenser. IN'DWELL-ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining in the heart, even after it is renewed, as sin. — Macknight. IN'DWELL-ING, n. Residence within, or in the heart or soul. IN-E'BRl-ANT, a. [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating. IN-E'BRI-ANT, n. Any thing that intoxicates, as opium. IN-e'BRI-aTE, v. t. [L. inebriatus.] 1. To make drunk; to intoxicate. 2. To disorder the senses; to stupefy, or to make furious or frar.tic. IN-e'BRI-aTE, v. i. To be or become intoxicated. IN-E'BRI-ATE, n. An habitual drunkard.— Dartoin. IN-E'BRI-A-TED, pp. Intoxicated. IN-E'BRI-A-TING, ppr. or a. Making drunk ; intoxicating. IN-E-BRI-A'TION, n. Drunkenness ; intoxication. IN-E-BRl'E-TY, n. Drunkenness ; intoxication. IN-ED'IT-ED, a. [in and edited.] Unpublished.— Warton. IN-EF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unspeakableness. IN-EF'FA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; .L. ineffabilis.] That can not be ex- pressed in words. — Syn. Unspeakable ; unutterable ; inex- pressible ; untold ; indescribable. IN-EF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Unspeakableness ; quality of being unutterable. — Scott. IN-EF'FA-BLY, adv. Unspeakably ; in a manner not to be expressed in words. — Milton. IN-EF-FaCE'A-BLE, a. That can not be effaced. IN-EF-FICEA-BLY, adv. So as not to be effaceable. IN-EF-FEGT'IVE, a. 1. Not effective ; not producing any effect, or the effect intended ; inefficient ; useless. 2. Not able ; not competent to the service intended. 3. Pro- ducing no effect. IN-EF-FE€T'iVE-LY, adv. Nc t effectively. IN-EF-FE€T't7-AL, a. Not producing its proper effect, or not able to produce its effect.— Syn. Inefficient; ineffective ; inefficacious ; vain ; fruitless ; weak. 1N-EF-FE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. Without effect ; in vain. IN-EF-FE€T'U-AL-NESS, n. Want of effect, or of power to produce it ; inefficacy. — Wake. m-EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. Want of effervescence; a state of not effervescing. — Kirwan. IN-EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Not effervescing, or not sus- ceptible of effervescence. IN-EF-FER-VES-CI-BIiyi-TY, n. The quality of not effer- vescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence. IN-EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of effervescence. IN-EF-F1-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. inefficax.] Not efficacious ; not having power to produce the effect desired, or the proper effect ; of inadequate power or force. — Ineffectual, says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and inefficacious, an habitual impotence to any effect. But the distinction is not always observed. [N-EF-FI-€a'C10US-LY, adv. Without efficacy or effect. IN-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-NESS, n. Want of power to produce the effect, or want of effect. IN-EF'FI-€A-CY, n. [L. efficacia.] 1. Want of power to pro- duce the desired or proper effect; inefficiency. 2. In- effectualness ; failure of effect. IN-EF-Fl"CIEN-CY (-fish'en-se), n. Want of power or ex- ertion of power to produce the effect ; inefficacy. IN-EF-FI"CIENT, a. 1. Not efficient; not producing the effect ; inefficacious. 2. Not active ; effecting nothing. IN-EF-Fi"CIENT-LY, adv. Ineffectually ; without effect. CN-E-LAB'O-RATE, a. Not elaborate ; not wrought with care. — Cockeram. EN-E-LASTI€, a. Not elastic ; wanting elasticity. IN-E-LAS-TIC'I-TY (-tis'e-te), n. The absence of elasticity ; the want of elastic power. IN-EL'E-GANCE, ? n. Want of elegance ; want of beauty Jf-EL'E-GAN-CY, > or polish in language, composition, or manners ; want of symmetry or ornament in building ; want of delicacy in coloring, &c. tN-EL'E-GANT, a. [L. inelegans.] Not elegant; wanting beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners ; wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice. IN-EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. In an inelegant or unbecoming manner; coarsely; roughly. — Chesterfield. 3*-EL-I-(5I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Incapacity of being elected to an office. 2. State or quality of not being worthy of choice. JN-E1 'I-GI-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being elected to an office. 2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred • not ex- pedient. ^N SL'1-dI-BLY, adv. In an ineligible manner. EN-EL'O-QUENT, a. 1. Not eloquent; not speaki.ig with D6VE ;— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as fluency, propriety, grace, and pathos ; not persuasive. 2 Not fluent, graceful, or pathetic; not persuasive, as Uu\ guage or composition. IN-EL'O-QUENT-LY, adv. Without eloquence, t IN-E-LU€T'A-BLE, a. [L. ineluctabilis.] Not to be resiste* by struggling ; not to be overcome. IN-E-LuD'I-BLE, a. That can not be eluded. IN-EM'BRY-ON-ATE, a. Not formed in embryo. IN-E-NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. inenarrabilis.] That can not bs narrated or told. IN-EPT", a. [L. ineptus.] 1. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuit able. 2. Improper; unbecoming; foolish. IN-EPT'I-TUDE, n. Unfitness ; inaptitude ; unsuitablenesa. IN-EPT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; unsuitably ; foolishly. IN-EPT'NESS, n. Unfitness.— More. IN-E'QUAL, a. Unequal ; uneven ; various. — Shcnstdne. [Rare.] IN-E-QUAL'I-TY, n. [L. inaqualitas.] 1. Difference or want of equality in degree, quantity, length, or quality of any kind. 2. Unevenness ; want of levelness ; the rising and falling of a surface. 3. Disproportion to any office or purpose ; inadequacy ; incompetency. 4. Di- versity ; want of uniformity in different times or places. 5. Difference or disparity of rank, station, or condition. — 6. In astronomy, an irregularity or deviation in the motion of a planet or satellite from its uniform mean motion. — ■ Brande. IN-E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. Not being equally distant. IN-E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having unequal sides. IN E-QUI-LIB'RI-O. [L.] In an even poise; equally bal- anced. IN-EQ'UI-TA-BLE, a. Not equitable ; not just. IN-E'QUI- VALVE, ? a. Having unequal valves, as the IN-E,QUI-VALV'U-LAR, { shell of an oyster. IN-E-RAD'I-€A-BLE, a That can not be eradicated Channing. IN-E-RADL--GA-BLY, adv. So as not to : u«s eiadicable. IN-ER-6ET'I€, ? „ • IN-ER-GET1G-AL, \ a ' Havin g no ener gy- IN-ER-GETT€-AL-LY, adv. Without energy. IN-ERM', } a. [L. inermis.] In botany, unarmed ; desti- IN-ERM'OUS, j tute of prickles or thorns, as a leaf. IN-ER-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Exemption from error or from the possibility of erring ; infallibility. IN-ER'RA-BLE, a. That can not err ; exempt from error or mistake ; infallible. — Hammond. IN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Exemption from error ; inerra- bility. — Hammond. IN-ER'RA-BLY, adv. With security from error ; infallibly. IN-ER-RAT'I€, a. Not erratic ; fixed. IN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without error or mistake. IN-ERI", a. [L.iners.] 1. Destitute of the power of moving itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed. 2. Very slow to act ; indisposed to move or act. — Syn. Inactive ; dull ; sluggish ; slothful ; lazy. IN-ER'TIA (in-er'sha), n. [L.] 1. A property of matter, by which it tends to preserve a state of rest when still, ana of uniform rectilinear motion when moving. — Bigelow. 2, Inertness ; indisposition to move. IN-ER'TION, n. Want of activity ; want of exertion. IN-ERT'I-TUDE, n. The state of being inert.— Good. IN-ERT'LY, adv. Without activity ; sluggishly. IN-ERT'NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being inert. 2. Want of activity or exertion ; habitual indisposition to ac- tion or motion ; sluggishness. IN-ES'€aTE, v. t. [L. inesco.] To bait ; to lay a bait for IN-ES'€a-TED, pp. Baited. IN-ES-€a'TION, n. The act of baiting.— Hallowell. IN ES'SE. [L.] In being ; actually existing ; distinguished from in posse, or in potentia, which denote that a thing is not, but may be. IN-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Not essential ; unessential. IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [L. inastimabilis.] 1. That can not bo estimated or computed. 2. Too valuable or excellent to be rated ; being above all price ; invaluable ; priceless. IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be estimated Or rated. IN-E-VI'SI-BLE, a. That can not be evaded.— Ec. Rev. IN-EV'I-DENCE, n. Want of evidence ; obscurity. IN-EV'I-DENT, a. Not evident ; not clear or obvious ; ob- scure. — Brown. IN-EV-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Impossibility to be avoided; cer- tainty to happen. — Bramhall. IN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inevitabilis.) Not to be avoid- ed ; that can not be shunned ; unavoidable ; that admits of no escape or evasion. IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoidable. IN-EV'I-TA-BLY, adv. Without possibility of escape or eva- sion; unavoidably; certainly. IN-EX-A€ r P (x as gz), a. Not exact , not precisely correct or true. IN-EX-A€T'NESS (x as gz), n. Incorrectness; want of precision. K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in thi». \ Obsolete. INE 538 INF IN LX. Cli A '-atti, a Not susceptible of excitement dull ; lifeless ; loi pid. IN-EX-€{)?5A BI ,E, a. [L. inexcusabilis.] Not to be excused or juiiuied.— Syn. Unjustifiable ; unpardonable , irre- missible. IN-EX-€OS'A-BJE-NESS, n. The quality of not admitting of excuse or justification. — South. IN-EX-€OS'A-BLY, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly be- yoLd excuse or justification. IN-EX-E-€uT'A-BLE, a. That can not be executed or per- formed.— G. Morris. IN-EX-E-€U'TION. n. Neglect of execution ; non-perform- ance. [N-EX-ERTION (x as gz), n. Want of exertion ; want of eifort ; defect of action. — Darwin. IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE (x as gz), a. Not to be exhaled or evaporated ; not evaporable. — Brown. IN-EX-HAUST'ED (x as gz), a. 1. Not exhausted ; not emptied ; unexhausted. 2. Not spent ; not having lost all strength or resources ; unexhausted. IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE (x as gz), a. 1. That can not be ex- hausted or emptied ; unfailing. 2. That can not be wasted or spent. IN-EX-HAUST'1-BLE-NESS (x a3 gz), n. The state of being inexhaustible. IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLY (x as gz), adv. In an inexhaustible maimer or degree. IN-EX-HAUSTlVE (x as gz), a. Not to be exhausted or spent. IN-EX-I3T (x as gz), v. i. Not to exist.— Tucker. EN-EX-IST'ENCE (x as gz), n. 1. Want of being or exist- ence. — Broome. 2. Inherence. EN-EX-ISTENT (x as gz), a. 1. Not having being; not ex- isting. 2. Existing in something else. — Boyle. IN-EX-O-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inexorable or unyielding to entreaty. — Paley. IN-EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inezorabilis.] 1. Not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer ; too firm and determined in purpose to yield to supplication, as a judge. 2. That can not be made to bend ; as, inexorable laws — Syn. Inflexible ; immovable ; unrelenting ; relentless ; im- placable ; irreconcilable. IN-EX'O-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inexorable. IN-EX'O-RA-BLY, adv. So as to be immovable by entreaty. IN-EX-PE€T-a'TIQN, n. State of having no expectation. {TN-EX-PE€T'ED, a. Not expected. IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, )n. [in and. expedience.] Want of fit- IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, ) ness ; impropriety ; unsuitableness to the purpose. IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient ; not tending to pro- mote a purpose ; not tending to a good end ; unfit ; im- proper ; unsuitable to time and place. IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. Not fitly ; not expediently. IN-EX-PENS'lVE, v. Not expensive— Coleridge. IN-EX-PE'RI-ENCE, n. Want of experience or experi- mental knowledge. IN-EX-Pe RI-ENCED (-ex-pe're-enst), a. Not having expe- rience ; unskilled. IN-EX-PERT, a. Not expert ; not skilled ; destitute of knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. IN-EX-PERTNESS, n. Want of expertness. IN-EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpiabilis.] 1. That admits of no atonement or satisfaction. 2. ITiat can not be mod- ified or appeased by atonement. IN-EX'PI-A-BL Y, adv. To a degree that admits of no atone- ment. — Roscommon. t IN-EX-PLIIN'A-BLE, a. That can not be explained ; inex- plicable. tIN-EX-PLE'A-BLY or IN-EX'PLE-A-BLY, adv. Insatiably. — Sandys. IN-EX-PLI-€A-BII/I-TY, n. The quality or state of being inexplicable. IN-EXTLI-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexplicabilis.] That can nntbe explained or interpreted ; not capable of being ren- dered plain and intelligible. EN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being inexplicable. IN-EX'PLi-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be explained. IN-EX-PLIC'iT. a. Not explicit ; not clear in statement. IN-EX-PLoRA-BLE, a. That can not be explored, searched, or discovered. INEX-PoSURE, n. A state of not being exposed. INEX-PRESS'1-BLE a. Not to be expressed in words ; not to be uttered.— Syn. Unspeakable ; unutterable ; ineila- ble ; indescribable ; untold. IN-EX-PRESS'I-BL Y, adv. In a manner or degree not to be expressed. IN-EX-PRESS'lVE, o. Not tending to express; not ex- pressing ; inexpressible. IN-EX-PRESSIVE-NESS, n. The state of being inexpress- ive IN EX-PUCNA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpugnabilis.] Not to be subdued by force ; not to betaken by assault ; impregnable. IN-EX-SuTER-A-BLE, a. [L. incxsupcrabilis.] Not to be passed over or surmounted, insuperable. IN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no extension.— Good. IN-EX-TEN'SiON, n. Want of extension. IN EX-TEN' SO. [L.l Fully ; at full length. IN-EX-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That can not be exterminated. IN-EX-TIN€T, a. Not quenched ; not extinct. IN-EX-TIN" GUISH-A-BLE, a. That' can not be extinguish- ed; unquenchable. IN-EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That can not be extirpated. IN-EXTRI-€A-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. inextricabilis.) 1. Not to be disentangled ; not to be freed from intricacy or per- plexity. 2. Not to be untied. IN-EX'TRI-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inextri- cable. — Donne. IN-EXTRL6A-BLY, adv. To a degree of perplexity not to be disentangled. —Pope. IN-EYE', v. t. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. — Phillips. IN-EYED' (in-ide / ). pp. Inoculated, as a tree or bud. ] IN-FAB'RI-€a-TED, a. Unfabricated ; unwrought. IN-FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being incapable IN-FAL'LI-BLE-NESS, ] of error or mistake ; entire ex emption from liability to error ; inerrability. IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. [Fr. infaillible.] 1. Not fallible ; not ca- pable of erring. 2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive confi- dence ; certain ; as, infallible proofs. IN-FAL'LI-BLY, adv. 1. Without a possibility of erring or mistaking. 2. Certainly ; without a possibility of failure. t IN-FaME', v. t. To defame. — Bacon. — Milton. IN'FA-MlZE, v. t. To make infamous. [Unauthorized.] IN'FA-MOUS, a. [Fr. i?ifame; L. infam'u.] 1. Of ill report, emphatically ; having a reputation of the worst kind ; pub- licly branded with odium for vice or guilt ; notoriously vile ; [applied to persons.] 2. Held in abhorrence ; that renders a person infamous ; as, infamous crimes. 3 Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. — Syn. De- testable ; odious ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; base ; shame- ful ; ignominious. IN'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree to render infamous ; scandalously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. With open reproach. IN'FA-MY, ) n. [Fr. mfamie ; L. infamla.) 1. To- IN'FA-MOUS-NESS, J tal loss of reputation ; public dig. grace. 2. Qualities which are detested and despised; qualities notoriously bad and scandalous. — 3. In law, that loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs, and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a witness or juror. IN'FAN-CY, n. [L. infantia.] 1. The first part of life, be- ginning at the birth. — 2. In law, infancy extends to the aga of twenty-one years. 3. The first age of any thing; the beginning, or early period of existence, as of science. t IN-FAN'DOUS, a. [L. infandus.] . Too odious to be ex- pressed. — Howell. IN-FANG'THEF, n. [Sax. injangan, and theof] In English law, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieves taken on their manors, or within their franchises. INT ANT, n. [Fr. enfant ; L. iufans.] I. A child in the first period of hfe, beginning at his birth ; a young babe. — 2. In law, a person under the age of twenty-one years, who is incapable of malting valid contracts. Spenser uses infant for the son of a king, like the Spanish infante. IN'FANT, a. 1. Pertaining to infancy, or the first period of life. 2. Young ; tender ; not mature ; as, infant strength. IN'F ANT-GAUD, n. A toy for children. IN'FANT-LlkE, a. Like an infant,— Shak. IN-FAN i"A, n. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress ap- parent. IN-FANTE, n. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, except the eldest or heir apparent. IN-FANTI-CIDE, n. [Low L. infjinticidium.] 1. The in- tentional killing of an infant. 2. The slaughter of infants by Herod. 3. A slayer of infants. * lN'FANT-lLE, a. [L. infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy, or to an infant; pertaining to the first period of life. IN'FANT-lNE, a. Pertaining to infants or to young children. — Sir Walter Scott. IN'FANT-LY, a. Like a child.— Beaumont and Fletcher. IN'FANT-RY, n. [Fr. infanterie.] In military affairs, the soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from cavalry. tlN-FARCE' (in-fars'), v. t. To stuff. IN-FaR€TION, n. [L. infarcio.] The act of stuffing or fill ing ; constipation. — Harvey. tIN-FASH'lON-A-BLE, a. Unfashionable.— Bm urn. and Fl. t IN-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Indefatigable. IN-FAT'U-ITE, v. t. [L. infatuoT] 1. To make foolish ; to affect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual pc*vers, or tc deprive of sound judgment. 2. To prepossess or inclic i to a person or thing in a manner not justify-! by pruder.. ; or reason ; to inspire with an extravagant > r foolish pas« * See Synopsis. A, E. I, &c , long.—S., E, I, &c. short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD :— MOVE. B00£. INF 539 INF tlN-FATU-ATE, a. Stupefied; infatuated.— Phillips. !N-FATU-A-TED,_pp. or a. Affected with folly. IN-FAT^M-TING, ppr. or a. Affecting with folly. IN-FAT 0-ITION, n. 1. The act of affecting with folly. 2. A state of mind in which the intellectual powers are weak- ened, so that the person affected acts without his usual Jadgmmt, and contrary to the dictates of reason. flN-FAUtiTTNG, v. [L. infaustus.] The act of making un- lucky. — Bacon. IN-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, \n. Impracticability ; the quality of IN-FeAS'1-BLE-NESS, > not being capable of being done or performed. FN-Fe AS'I-BLE, a. Not to be done ; that can not be accom- plished ; impracticable ; impossible. IN-FECT, v. t. [Fr. infecter.] 1. To taint with disease ; to infuse into a healthy body the virus, miasma, or morbid matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious 'air or substance by which a disease is produced. 2. To taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter ; as, to in- fect the air. 3. To communicate bad qualities to ; to cor- rupt ; to taint by the communication of any thing noxious or pernicious ; as, to infect the mind. 4. To contaminate with illegality. — Syn. To poison ; -vitiate ; pollute ; defile. fIN-FE€T, a. Infected. IN-FECT'ED, pp. or a. Tainted with noxious matter ; cor- rupted by poisonous exhalations ; corrupted by bad qual- ities communicated. IN-FECT'ER, n. He or that which infects. [N-FECT'ING, ppr. Tainting; corrupting. IN-FE€'TlON, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or process of infecting. 2. The thing which infects. Infection and contagion are used as synonymous, though a distinction between them has often been proposed. — 3. Figuratively, that which taints, poisons, or corrupts by communication from one to another. 4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contraband goods. 5. Communication of like qualities ; as, the infection of example. CN-FECTIOUS (in-fek'shus), a. 1. Having qualities that may taint or communicate disease to. 2. Corrupting ; tending to taint by communication. 3. Contaminating with illegality ; exposing to seizure and forfeiture. 4. Capable of being communicated by near approach. (N-FECTIOUS-LY, adv. By infection. iN-FEC'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being infectious, or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to another. IN-FECTIVE, a. Having the quality of communicating disease or taint from one to another. * IN-FE'€UND, a. [L. infozcundus.] Unfruitful ; not pro- ducing young ; barren. IN-FE-€UND'I-TY, n. [L. infmcunditas.] Unfruitfulness ; barrenness. — Med. Repos. IN-FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Not felicitous ; unhappy. IN-FE-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. infelicite.] 1. Unhappiness ; mis- ery ; misfortune ; adversity ; calamity. 2. Unfortunate state ; unfavorableness. LN-FeOFF'. See Enfeoff. IN-FER', v. t. [Fr. inferer ; L. infera.] 1. Literally, to bring on ; to induce ; [little used.] 2. To deduce ; to draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. 3. To offer ; to pro- duce ; [not used.] IN-FER' A-BLE, n. That may be inferred from premises ; deducible ; derivable. — Burke. [Also written inferrible.] OJ'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr.] A truth or proposition drawn from another which is admitted or supposed to be true. — Syn. Deduction ; conclusion ; consequence. IN-FEREN'TIAL, a. Deduced or deducible by inference. rN-FE-REN'TIAL-LY, adv. By way of inference. 1N-FE'RI-M, n. pi. [L.] Sacrifices offered by the Greeks and Romans to the Dii Manes, or souls of deceased he- roes. — Brande. IN-Fe'RI-OR. a. [L.] 1. Lower in place. 2. Lower in sta- tion, age, or rank in life. 3. Lower in excellence or value. 4. Subordinate; secondary; of less importance. IN-Fe'RI-OR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower station or rank in society. — South. JN-FERI-OR'l-TY, n. [Fr. inferiorite.] A lower state of dig- nity, age, value, or quality. OJ-Fe'RI-OR-LY, adv. In an inferior manner, or on the in- ferior part [A word that deserves no countenance.] 'N-FEICNAL, a. [Fr. ; L. infernus.] 1. Properly, pertaining to the lower regions, or regions of the dead, the Tartarus of the ancients. 2. Pertaining to hell ; inhabiting hell. 3. Resembling the temper of infernal spirits ; very wicked and detestable. — Syn. Tartarean ; Stygian ; hellish ; dev- ilish ; diabolical ; satanic ; fiendish ; malicious. JT-FER'NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower re- gions. vF FER'NAL ST5NE. [L. lapis infei-nalis.] A name former- ly given to lunar caustic. — Hill. W-FER'NAL-LY, adv. In a detestable and infernal way. — Hacket. EN-FERRED', pp. Deduced, as a consequence. ITcvf" IN-FERHING, ppr. Deducing, as a fact or consequenca IN-FERTILE, a. [Fr. ; L. infertilis.] Not fertile ; not fru> ful or productive ; barren. IN-FERTlLE-LY, adv. In an unproductive manner. IN-FER-TIL'I-TY, n. Unfruitfulness ; unproductiveness , barrenness. — Hale. IN-FEST, v. t. [Fr. infester ; L. infesto.] To trouble great ly. — Syn. To annoy ; harass ; torment ; plague vex ii» turb. t IN-FEST, a. Mischievous.— Spenser. — Smart. IN-FEST-a'TION, n. The act of infesting ; molestation. IN-FEST'ED, pp. Troubled ; annoyed ; harassed ; plagued. IN-FESTERED, a. Rankling ; inveterate. IN-FEST'ING, ppr. Annoying ; harassing ; disturbing. IN-FESTIVE, a. Having no mirth. IN-FES-TIV'I-TY, n. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness and mirth at entertainments. t IN-FESTU-OUS, a. [L. infestus.] Mischievous.— Bacon, IN-FEOD-A'TION, n. [L. in and feudum.) 1. The act of put- ting one in possession of an estate in fee. 2. The granting of tithes to laymen. IN-FIB-U-La'TION, n. [L. infibulo, from fibula, a clasp.] A clasping, or confining with a small buckle or padlock.— Miner. IN'FI-DEL, a. [Fr. infidele ; L. inf delis.] Unbelieving; dis- believing the divine institution of Christianity ; deistical ; skeptical. — Knox. IN'FI-DEL, n. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the divine origin of Christianity. In the wars springing out of the crusades, infidel was applied particularly to the Mohammedans, who in return called Christians giaours, or infidels ; the name was also given by the older writers to pagans. — Syn. Deist ; ireethinker ; skeptic. IN-FI-DEL'I-TY, n. [Yr.infidelUe; L.infidelitas.] 1. In gen- eral, want of faith or belief ; a withholding of credit. 2. Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the divine original of Christianity ; skepticism ; deism ; unbeiief. 3. Unfaithfulness, particularly in married persons ; a viola- tion of the marriage covenant, by adultery or lewdness. 4. Breach of trust ; treachery ; deceit. IN'FIELD, n. Land kept continually under crop. [Scottish.] IN-FIeLD', v. t. To inclose, as a field. [Not in good use.] IN-FILTERED, a. Infiltrated. IN-FILTRaTE, v. i. [FT.filtrer.] To enter by penetrating the pores or interstices of a substance. IN-FILTRa-TED, pp. or a. Filtered in. IN-FILTRA-TING, ppr. Penetrating by the pores or inter- rN-FIL-TRA'TION, n. 1. The act or process of entering the pores or cavities of a body. 2. The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body. IN'FI-NITE, a. [L. infinitus.] 1. Without limits ; not cir- cumscribed in extent, duration, attributes, portunity or persuasion ; with unyielding pertinacious- ness ; inexorably. IN-FLEX'ION. See Inflection. IN-FLI€T, v. t. [L. inflictus.] To lay on ; to throw or send on ; to apply, as punishment or disgrace. IN-FLI€T'ED, pp. Laid on; applied, as punishments or * See. Synapsis, a, fi, I, quainted. M?TYE7BQ0k'" INF 541 ING t IN I ORMMy (in-formd'), a. Hi-formed ; misshapen.— Spen- ser. IN-FORMED' STIRS. See Unformed. IN-FORM'ER, n. 1. One who animates, informs, or gives intelligence. 2. One who communicates to a magistrate a knowledge of the violations of law. — In a bad sense, one who gains his livelihood by informing against others, or who does it from base or unworthy motives. IN-FOR'MI-DA-BLE, a. Not formidable ; not to be feared or dreaded. — Milton. IN-FORM'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Giving notice or intelligence ; telling. 2. Communicating facts by way of accusation. — An informing officer is one appointed to lay information against violations of law. IN-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. informis.] Want of regular form ; shapelessness. — Brown. t IN-FORM'OUS, a. [Ft informe ; L. informis.] Of no regu- lar form or figure ; shapeless. — Brown. IN FO'RO -eON-SCI-EN'TI-^E (-she-en'she-e). [L.] Before the tribunal of conscience. IN-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Unlucky ; unfortunate. t IN-FORTU-NATE-LY adv. Unfortunately. f IN-FORTUNE, n. Misfortune.— Elyot. IN-FRA-GT', v. t. [L. infi actus.] To break ; to violate. [Rare.] See Infringe. INFRACTION, n. [Ft. ; L. infraction The act of break- ing'; breach; violation; non-observance; infringement. IN-FRACT'OR, n. One who violates an agreement, &c. IN-FRI'GRANT, a. Not fragrant. lN-FRA-LAPS-A'RI-AN, o. Pertaining to the Infralapsarians, or to their doctrine. lN-FRA-LAPS-A'RI-AN, n. [L. infra and lapsus.] The same with Sublapsarian, which see. IN-FRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. infra and mundanus.] Lying or being beneath the world. IN-FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. 1, Not to be broken or separated into parts. 2. Not to be violated. IN"-FRA-TER-RI-To'RI-AL, a. Within the territory.— Story, Sup. Court. IN -FREQUENCE, In. [L.infrequentia.] Uncommonness ; 1N-FRe'QUEN-CY, J rareness ; the state of rarely occur- ring. IN-FRe'QUENT, a. [L. infrequens.] Rare ; uncommon ; seldom happening or occurring to notice ; unfrequent. IN-FRe'QUENT-LY, adv. Not frequently. IN-FRIG'ID-aTE, v. t. To chill ; to make cold. [Rare.] IN-FRIg-ID-aTION, 7i. The act of making cold. IN-FRINgE' (in-frinj'), v. t. [L. infringe.] 1. To break, as contracts ; to violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfill or obey. 2. To destroy or hinder ; [little used.] This word is very frequently followed by on or upon ; as, to infringe upon one's rights. 1N-FRINGJED' (in-frinjd'), pp. Broken ; violated ; trans- gressed. IN-FRINGE'MENT (in-frinj'ment), n. Act of violating.— Syn. Breach ; non-fulfillment ; infraction ; violation ; trans- gression ; invasion ; intrusion ; trespass ; encroachment. IN-FRING'ER, n. One who violates ; a violator. IN-FRING'ING, ppr. Breaking ; violating ; transgressing ; failing to observe or fulfill. IN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal ; careless ; extravagant lN-FRU-(JIF'ER-OUS, a. Not bearing fruit. IN'FU-CaTE, v. t. [L. infuco.] To stain; to paint; to daub. IN-FuM£D' (in-fumd'), a. [L. infumatus.] Dried in smoke. IN-FUN-DIB'U-L AR, a. Having the form of a tunnel.— Kirby. IN-FUN-DIB'U-LI-FORM, a. [L. infundibulum.] In botany, having the shape of a funnel, as the corol of a flower ; monopetalous, having an inversely conical border rising from a tube. IN-Fu'RI-ATE, a. Enraged ; mad ; raging.— Milton. IN-FtJ'RI-ATE, v. t. To render furious or mad ; to enrage. IN-Fu'FJ-A-TED, pp. or a. Rendered furious or mad. IN Fu'RI-A-TING, ppr. Rendering furious. IN-FUS'€ITE, v. t. [L. infuscatus.] To darken ; to make olack. INFUS-C a'TION, n. The act of darkening or blackening. IN-FuSE', v. t. [Fr. infuser.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid. 2. To instill, as principles or qualities. 3. To pour in or in- still, as into the mind. 4. To introduce. 5. To inspire with ; [obs.] 6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for the purpose of extracting medicinal qualities. 7. To make an infusion with an ingredient ; [obs.] IN-FuSE', n. Infusion. — Spenser. vN-FuS-ED' (in-fuzd'), pp. Poured in ; instilled ; steeped. IN-FuS'ER, n. One who infuses. IN-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The capability of being infused or poured in. 2. The incapability of being fused or dis- solved. /N-Ffj'SI-BLE, a. That may be infused, as principles. !N-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Not fusible ; incapable of fusion ; that can not be dissolved or melted. IN FD SING, ppr. Pouring in; instiUing; steeping. IN Fu'SJON (in-fu'zhun), n. 1. The act of pouring in or in- stilling ; instillation. 2. Suggestion ; whisper.— 3 In phar- macy, the process of steeping in liquor, an operation by wlrch the medicinal qualities of plants may be extractet* by a liquor without boiling. 4. The liquor in which plants are steeped, and which is impregnated with theit virtues or qualities. 5. The act of introducing into veins medicinal substances by a kind of syringe. IN-FU'SIVE, a. Having the power of infusion. IN-FU-So'RI-AL, ) a. Pertaining to the infusoria ; composed IN-Fu'SO-RY, 5 of or containing infusoria. IN-FU-So'RI-A, n. pi. [L.] Microscopic animals inhabiting water and liquids of various kinds, and having no organs of motion except extremely minute hairs called vibratile cilia. Dana. IN-Fu'SO-RY, n. ; pi. Infusories. A name given to certain microscopic animals ; called, also, infusoria, which see. ING, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow ; Goth, xoinga See English. t IN-GAN-N a'TION, n. [It. ingannare.] Cheat ; fraud. t IN'GaTE, n. Entrance ; passage in. — Spenser. IN-GATH'ER-ING, n. The act or business of collecting a»d securing the fruits of the earth ; harvest. IN-GEL'A-BLE, a. That can not be congealed. IN-GEM'IN-ATE, a. [L. ingeminatus.] Redoubled. IN-GEM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. ingemino.] To double or repeat. IN-GEM'IN-A-TED, pp. Doubled. IN-GEMTN-I-TING, ppr. Doubling. 1N-6EM-IN- a'TION, n. Repetition ; reduplication. t IN-GENDER, v. i. To come together ; to join.— Milton. IN-GEN'DER. See Engendeb. IN-gEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being engendered. IN-GEN'ER-A-BLE, a. That can not be engendered. IN-gEN'ER-aTE, v. t. [L. ingenero.] To generate or pro- duce within. — Fellows. LN-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Generated within ; inborn ; innate ; inbred. — Wotton. IN-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Produced within.— Hale. IN-gEN'ER-a-TING, ppr. Generating or producing within. * IN-GEN'IOUS, a. [L. ingeniosus.] 1. Possessed of genius, or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or prompt to invent ; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new combinations of ideas. 2. Proceeding trom genius or in- genuity ; of curious design, structure, or mechanism. 3. Witty; well formed ; well adapted; as, an ingenious an- swer. 4. Mental ; intellectual ; [obs.] [This word has sometimes been confounded with ingenuous.] * IN-geN'IOUS-LY, adv. With ingenuity ; with readiness in contrivance ; with skill. * IN-geN'IOUS-NESS, n, 1. The quality of being ingenious or prompt in invention ; ingenuity. 2. Curiousness o\ design or mechanism. IN-GEN'ITE, a. [L. ingenitus.] Innate ; inborn ; inbred ( native ; ingenerate. IN-GE-Nu'I-TY, n. [Fr. ingenuitL] 1. The quality or power of ready invention ; quickness or acuteness in combining ideas, or in forming new combinations ; ingeniousness ; skill. 2. Curiousness in design, the effect of ingenuity. 3. Openness of heart ; fairness ; candor ; [obs.] IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. [L. ingenuus.] 1. Free from reserve, disguise, equivocation, or dissimulation. 2. Becoming an honorable mind ; as, ingenuous warmth. 3. Of honorable extraction; freeborn. — Syn. Open; frank; unreserved; artless ; plain ; sincere ; candid ; fair ; noble ; generous. IN-GEN'U-OUS-LY, adv. Openly ; fairly ; candidly ; with- out reserve or dissimulation. — Dry den. IN-GENtJ-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness of heart ; frankness ; fairness ; freedom from reserve or dissimulation. 2. Fair- ness ; candidness. t IN'GE-NY, n. Wit ; ingenuity. — Bacon. IN-GEST, v. t. [L. ingestus.] To throw into the stomach. Brown. [Little used.] IN-GES'TION, n. The action of throwing into the stomach. IN"GLE, n. [qu. L. igniculus.] 1. Flame; blaze. — Ray; [obs.] — 2. In Scottish, a fire or fire-place. — Burns. 3. A term of endearment ; a darling; a paramour. — Toone; [obs.] IN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [L. inglorius.] 1. Not glorious ; net bringing honor or glory ; not accompanied with fame or celebrity. 2. Shameful; disgraceful. IN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With want of glory ; dishonora- bly; with shame. IN-GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being inglorious.— £p. Gauden. IN'GOT, n. [Fr. lingot.] A mass or wedge of gold, silver, or other metal, cast into a mold ; a mass of unwrought metal. IN-GRaFT, v. t. 1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant into another for propagation. 2. To propagate by insition. 3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which is native, for the purpose of propagation. 4. To set or fix deep and firm. — Shak. IN-GRIFT'ED, pp. or a. Inserted into a stock for growth and propagation ; introduced into a native stock ; set or fixed deep. D6VE ;- -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 1NH 542 INH IN-U F* IFFl jP n k pe: son who ingrafts. IN-G1 iFTTNG, pjr. Inserting, as cions in stocks ; intro- ducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign ; fixing deep. IN-GRaFTMENT, n. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The thing ingrafted. * IN'GRaIN or IN-GRIIN', v. t. [in and grain.] 1. To dye ir. the grain, or before manufacture. 2. To work into the natural texture ; thoroughly to impregnate. * IN'GRa1N£D or LN-GRaINJED' (in-grand'), pp. or a. 1. Dyed in the grain or in the raw material. 2. Wrought into the natural texture ; thoroughly impregnated. *IN'GRaIN-ING or IN-GRIIN'ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing in the raw material. 2. Working in. or thoroughly impregnating. IN-GRAP'PLJED, a. Grappled ; seized on ; intwined. LN'GRXTE, I a. [L. ingratus.] 1. Ungrateful; un- IN-GRaTE'FUL, 5 thankful; not having feelings of kind- ness for a favor received. 2. Unpleasing to the sense. IN'GRaTE, n. [Fr. ingrat.] An ungrateful person. IN-GBXTETUL-LY, adv. Ungratefully. IN-GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. Ungratefulness. LN-GRa'TIaTE (in-gfa'shate), v. t. [L. in and gratia.] 1. To commend one's self to another's good will, confidence, or kindness. 2. To recommend ; to render easy, as difficulty. — Hammond. IN-GRaTIa-TED, pp. Commended one's self to another's favor. IN-GRa'TIa-TING, ppr. Commending one's self to the favor of another. CN-GRa'TI a-TING, n. The act of commending one's self to another's favor. IN-GRAT'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; in and gratitude.] 1. Want of gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received ; insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to repay them ; unthankfulness ; ungratefulness. 2. Retribution of evil for good. f IN-GRaVE . v. t. To bury. See, also, Engrave. IN-GRAV'I-DaTE, v. t. [L. gravidus.] To impregnate. LN-GRAV'I-Da-TED, pp. Impregnated. IN-GRAV'I-D A-TING, ppr. Impregnating. IN-GRAV-I-Da'TION, n. The state of being pregnant. t IN-GREaT, v. t. To make great.— Fotherby. IN-GRe'DI-ENT, n. [Fr. ; L. ingrediens.] That which en- ters into a compound, or is a component part of any com- pound or mixture. IN'GRESS, n. [L. ingressus.] 1. Entrance. 2. Power of entrance ; means of entering. EN-GRES'SION (-gresh'un), n. [Fr. ; L. ingressio.] The act of entering ; entrance. — Digby. IN"GUIN-AL, a. [L. inguen.] Pertaining to the groin. IN-GULF', v. t. 1. To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf, or whirlpool, — Milton. 2. To cast into a gulf. — Hayward. IN-GULF.ED' (in-gulff), pp. Swallowed up in a gulf or vast de^p ; cast into a gulf. IN-GULF'ING, ppr. Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool, or vast deep. IN-GULF'MENT, n. A swallowing up in a gulf or abyss. IN-GUR'gI-TaTE, v. t. [L. ingurgito.] To swallow greed- ily or in great quantity. — Diet. IN-GUR'gI-TaTE, v. i. To drink largely ; to swill. IN-GUR'GI-Ta-TED, pp. Swallowed greedily. IN-GUR-GI-TaTION, n. The act of swallowing greedily, or in great quantity. — Darwin. IN-GUSTA-BLE, a. That can not be tasted. [Little used.] * IN-HAB'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inhabilis.] 1. Not apt or fit : un- fit; not convenient. 2. Unskilled; unready; unqualified; [little used.] See Unable. IN-HA-BIL1-TY, n. Unaptness ; unfitness ; want of skill. [Little used.] See Inability. IN-HAB'IT, o. t. [L. inhabito.] To live or dwell in ; to oc- cupy as a place cf settled residence. IN-HAB'IT, v. i. To dwell ; to five ; to abide. IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Habitable ; that may be inhabited ; capable of affording habitation to animals. 2. [Fr. inhab- itable] Not habitable.— Shak. ; [obs.] IN-HAB'IT- ANCE, n. Residence of dwellers.— Carew. [Rare.] IN-HAB'IT-AN-CY, n. Residence ; habitancy ; permanent or legal residence ; domiciliation. IN-HAB'IT-ANT, n. 1. A dweller ; one who dwells or re- sides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed residence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visitor. 2. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city, or jiarish. TN-HAB-IT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of inhabiting, or state of being inhabited. 2. Abode ; place of dwelling. 3. Popu- lation ; whole mass of inhabitants. [Little used.] N-HAB'IT- A-Tf VE-NESS, n. In phrenology, an organ which produces the desire of permanence in a place of abode. Brande. »N-HAB'IT-ED, pp. or a. Occupied by inhabitants, human or irrational. IN-HABTT-ER n. One who inhabits ; a dweller ; an in- habitant. — Derham. IN-HAB1T-ING, ppr. Dwelling In ; occupying a3 a settled or permanent inhabitant ; residing in. IN-HAB'IT-RESS, n. A female inhabitant IN-HA-La'TION, n, The act of inhaling. IN-HaLE', v. t. [L. inhalo.] To draw into the lungs ; to in spire. IN-HaL2?D' (in-hald'), pp. Drawn into the lungs. IN-HIL'ER, n. 1. One who inhales. — 2. In medicine, an ap- paratus for breathing or drawing warm steam, or some aeriform substance, into the lungs, as a remedy for cougha and catarrhal complaints. IN-Ha.L'ING, ppr. Drawing into the lungs ; breathing. IN-hIr-MONIC-AL \ a - Unharmonious ; discordant IN-HXR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not harmonious ; unmusical ; dis- cordant. — Broome. IN-HaR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Without harmony ; discord- antly. IN-HaR'MO-NY, n. Want of harmony ; discord. IN-HELD', pp. Contained in itself. IN-HeRE', v. i. [L. inhcereo.] To exist or be fixed in son» thing else. IN-H£R'ENCE, ? n. Existence in something ; a fixed state IN-HeREN-CY, ) cf being in another body or substance. IN-HeR'ENT, a. 1. Existing in something else, so as to be inseparable from it. 2. Naturally pertaining to. — Sys. In- nate ; inborn ; native ; natural ; inbred ; inwrought IN-HeR'ENT-LY, adv. By inherence.— Bentley. IN-HeRTNG, ppr. Existing or fixed in something else. IN-HER'IT, v. t. [Sp. heredar; Fr. heriter.] 1. To take by descent from an ancestor ; to take by succession ; to re- ceive, as a right or title descendible by law from an an- cestor. 2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. 3. To possess ; as, " the world and all it doth inherit ;" " to inherit of a thought of ill concerning some one." — Shak. [obs.] 4. To enjoy ; to take as a possession, by gift. IN-HERTT, v. i. To take or have possession or property. IN-HER-IT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inheritable or descendible to heirs. — Jefferson. IN-HER'IT- A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inherited ; trans- missible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir. 2. That may be transmitted from the parent to the child. 3. Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by de- scent IN-HER'IT- A-BLY, adv. By inheritance.— Sh ericood. IN-HER'IT- ANCE, n. 1. An estate derived from an ances- tor to an heir by succession. 2. The reception of an es- tate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an estate or title is cast on the heir. 3. The estate or possession which may descend to an heir, though it has not descend- ed. 4. An estate given or possessed by donation or divino appropriation. 5. That which is possessed or enjoyed ; possession. — Shak. IN-HER1T-ED, pp. or a. Received by descent from an an- cestor; possessed. IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of rep- resentation ; receiving from ancestors ; possessing. LN-HER'IT-OR, n. An heir ; one who inherits or may in- herit. IN-HER'IT-RESS, IN-HER1T-RIX, of her ancestor. IN-HERSE' (in-hers'), v. t. [L. in and herse.' a funeral monument. — Shak. IN-He'SION (in-he'zhun), n. [L. inhczsio.] Inherence ; the state_of existing or being fixed in something. t IN-Hl-A'TION, n. [L.inhiatio.] A gaping after; eager desire. IN-HIB'IT, v. t. [Fr. inhiber ; L. inhibeo.] 1. To restrain ; to hinder ; to check or repress. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ; to interdict IN-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Restrained; forbid. DX-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Restraining ; repressing ; prohibiting ; IN-HI-BI'TION (-bish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. inhibition 1. Prohibi- tion; restraint; embargo. — 2. 'In law, a writ to forbid oi inhibit a judge from further proceedings in a cause de- pending before him. LN-HIB'IT-O-RY, a. Prohibitory.— Southey. IN-HoLD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. inheld. To have inherent ; to contain in itself. — Raleigh. [Little used.] t IN-HoLD'ER, n. An inhabitant. — Spenser. IN-HOOP', v. t. To confine or inclose in any place. IN-HOOP£D', pp. Confined or inclosed. IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not hospitable ; not disposed tu entertain strangers gratuitously. 2. Affording no conve- niences, subsistence, or shelter to strangers. — Dryden. IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. Unkindly to strangers.— Milton. IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE-NESS, \ n. Want of hospitality or kind • IN-HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, j ness to strangers. IN-Hu'MAN, a. [Fr . inhumain ; L.inhumanns.] 1. Destitute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to u hum.m being. 2. Marked with cruelty; as, inhuman tT'iatenent — Syn. Cruel ; unfeeling ; pitiless ; merciless ; savage ; barbarous n. An heiress ; a female who inherits, or is entitled to inherit, after the death To inclose in ■■ See Synopsis. I, E, i, &c, long.— a, E ! &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARiNE.BiRD, MOVE u09K, INJ 543 XNL IN HU-MAN1-TY, n. '{Ft. inhumanite.] 1. Cruelty in dispo- sition ; savageness of heart. 2. Cruelty in act; barbarity. [N-Hu'MAN-LY, adv. With cruelty ; barbarously.— Swift. IN-Hu'MaTE, v. t. To inhume, which see. IN-HU-Ma'TION, n. The act of burying ; interment IN-HOME', v. t. [Fr. inkumer; L. inhumo.) To bury ; to in- ter ; to deposit in the earth, as a dead body. IN-HuMED' (in-hiimd'), pp. Buried ; interred. IN-HuM'ING, ppr. Burying; interring. IN-IM-AGTN-A-BLE, a. Unimaginable ; inconceivable. — Pearson. * IN-IM'IC-AL, .a. [L. inimicus.] 1. Unfriendly; having the disposition or temper of an enemy. 2. Adverse ; hurt- ful; repugnant. — Ward. * IN-IM'I€-AL-LY, adv. In a hostile manner. IN-IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapable of imitation. — Norris. IN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inimitabilis.] That can not be imitated or copied ; surpassing imitation. IN-IM'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be imitated ; to a degree beyond imitation. — Broome. IN-IQ'UI-TOUS (in-ik'we-tus), a. Characterized by iniqui- ty. — Syn. Wicked ; unjust ; unrighteous ; nefarious ; crim- inal. IN-IQ/UI-TOUS-LY, adv. Injuriously ; unjustly ; wrong- fully. IN-IQ/UI-TY (in-ik'we-te), n. [Fr. iniquite ; L. iniquitas.] 1. Injustice ; unrighteousness ; a deviation from rectitude. 2. Want of rectitude in principle. 3. A particular devia- tion from rectitude ; a sin or crime ; wickedness ; any act of injustice. 4. Original want of holiness. t IN-I'QUOUS, a. Unjust. EN-IR-RI-TA-BILl-TY, n. The quality of being inirritable, or not susceptible of contraction by excitement. IN-IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. Not irritable ; not susceptible of irri- tation, or contraction by excitement. IN-IR'RI-TA-TiVE, a. Not accompanied with excitement. t IN-lSLE' (in-ile'), v. t. To surround ; to encircle. IN-I"TIAL (in-ish'al), a. [Fr. ; L. initialis.] 1. Beginning ; placed at the beginning. 2. Beginning ; incipient. tN-I"TIAL, n. The first letter of a name. IN-I'TIAL-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. — Barrow. IN-FTIaTE (in-ish'ate), v. t. [Low L. initio.] 1. To instruct in rudiments or principles ; or to introduce into any soci- ety or sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or ceremonies. 2. To introduce into a new state or society. 3. To instruct ; to acquaint with. 4. To begin upon. [N-I"TIaTE, v. i. To do the first act; to perform the first rite. — Pope. IN-I"TIATE, a. 1. Unpracticed. 2. Begun ; commenced. LN-I"TIATE, n. One who is initiated.— J. Barlow. IN-F'TIa-TED, pp. or a. Instructed in the first principles ; entered ; received into a society or sect by appropriate ceremonies. IN-J"TIa-TING, ppr. Introducing by instruction, or by ap- propriate ceremonies. IN-I"TI-a'TION (in-ish-e-a'shun), n. [L. initiation 1. The act or process of introducing one into a new society, by instructing him in its principles, rules, or ceremonies. 2. The act or process of making one acquainted with princi- ples before unknown. 3. Admission by application of cer- emonies or use of symbols. iN-I"TIA-TIVE, a. Serving to initiate. IN-I"TIA-TlVE, n. An introductory step or movement. The term is applied especially to the action of legislative bodies ; as when one of two houses has the right to orig- inate any measure, it is said to have the initiative. Such is the right of the House of Commons in respect to money bills. — Brande. fN-I"TIA-TO-RY. a. 1. Introductory ; as, an initiatory step. 2. Initiating or serving to initiate ; as, initiatory rites. [N-I"T1A-T0-RY, v. Introductory rite.— L. Addison. * IN-I"TION (in-ish'un), n. Beginning. — Naunton. IN-JECF, v. t. [h. injcctus.] 1. To throw in ; to dart in. 2. To cast or throw on. INJECTED, pp. or a. Thrown in or on. [N-JECTTNG, ppr. Throwing in or on. IN-JEC'TION, 7i. [Fr.; L. injectio.] 1. The act of throwing in ; particularly applied to the forcible throwing in of a liquid or aeriform body by means of a syringe, pump, &c. 2. A liquid medicine thrown into the body by a syringe or pipe , a clyster. — 3. In anatomy, the act of filling the ves- sels of an animal body with some colored substance, in order to render visible their figures and ramifications. LN-JOIN'. See Enjoin. IN-JU-CUND'I-TY, n. [L. injucunditas.] Unpleasantness ; disagreeableness. [Little used.] IN-.Tu'DI-€A-BLE, a. Not cognizable by a judge. [Rare.] IN-JU-1)I"CIAL (-dish'al), a. Not according to the forms of law. ttf-JU-D!"CIOUS (-dish'us), a. 1. Not judicious ; void of judgment ; acting without judgment. 2. Not according to s';und judgment or discretion. — Syn. Indiscreet ; in- considerate ; incautious ; unwise ; rash hasty , Impm- dent. IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Without judgment ; unwisely. IN-JU-DI"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injudicious or unwise. — Whitlock. IN-JUNCTION, n. [L. injunction] 1. A command ; order ; mandate ; precept ; the direction of a superior vested with authority. 2. Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not vested with absolute authority to command. — 3, In law, a writ or order of the court of chancery, directed to an in- ferior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing them to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to put the plaintiff in possession for want of the defendant's appear- ance, to stay waste or other hi jury, &c. IN'JURE, v. t. [Fr. injure.] 1. To hurt or wound, as the person ; to impair soundness. 2. To damage or lessen the value of. 3. To slander, tarnish, or impair. 4. To im- pair or diminish ; to annoy. 5. To give pain to ; to grieve. 6. To impair, as the intellect or mind. 7. To hurt or weaken. 8. To impair ; to violate. 9. To make worse. — 10. In general, to harm or wrong the person, to damage the property, or to lessen the happiness of our- selves or others. IN'JUR-ED, pp. or a. Hurt ; wounded ; damaged ; impair- ed ; weakened ; made worse. IN'JUR-ER, n. One who injures or wrongs. IN'JUR-ING, ppr. Hurting; damaging; impairing; weak- ening ; rendering worse. IN-JU'RI-OUS, a. [L. injurius.] 1. Wrongful ; unjust ; hurt- ful to the rights of another. 2. Hurtful to the person or health. 3. Affecting with damage or loss. 4. Mischie- vous ; hurtful. 5. Lessening or tarnishing reputation. 6. Detractory ; contumelious ; hurting reputation. — 7. In gen eral, whatever is hurtful to person, property, rights, inter- est, happiness, is said to be injurious. IN-Ju'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Wrongfully ; hurtfully ; with in- justice ; mischievously. IN-Ju'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injurious oi hurtful ; injury. IN'JU-RY, n. [L. injuria.] 1. In general, any wrong or dam- age done to a man's person, rights, reputation, or goods. 2. Mischief ; detriment. 3. Any diminution of that which is good, valuable, or advantageous. IN-JUSTlCE, n. [Fr. ; L. injustitia.] 1. Iniquity ; wrong ; any violation of another's rights. 2. The withholding from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerit- ed blame. INK, n. [D.inkt; Fr. encre.] 1. A black liquor or substance used for writing or printing. 2. Any liquor used for writ- ing or forming letters, as red ink, &c. 3. A pigment. — ■ Printing-ink is made from boiled lintseed or nut oil burn- ed and mixed with lampblack, soap, and rosin. — Sympa- thetic inks are compounds which, when written with, re- main invisible till heated, as solutions of cobalt, &c. INK, v. t. To black or daub with ink. INK'-BAG, n. A bag or sac containing a deep black liquid , found in certain animals, as in the cuttle-fish. INK'-BLURR.ED, a. Blurred or darkened with ink. INK'-MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make ink. INK'-SToNE, n. A kind of small round stone used in mak- ing ink. — Encyc. INKjBD (inkt), pp. Covered or daubed with ink. INK'HORN, 7i. [ink and horn.] 1. A small vessel used to hold ink. 2. A portable case for the instruments of writ- ing. — Johnson. t INK'HORN, a. A reproachful epithet, meaning affected, pedantic, or pompous. — Bale. INK'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being inky. INK'ING, ppr. Covering or daubing with ink. INK'LE (inkl). n. A kind of broad linen tape. — Shak. INKLING, n. 1. A hint or whisper ; an intimation. 2. In- clination ; desire. — Grose. IN-KNIT' (in-nif), v. t. To knit m.—Southey. IN-KNOT (in-nof), v. t. To bind as with a knot.— Fuller. INKSTAND, n. A vessel for holding ink. INKY, a. 1. Consisting of ink ; resembling ink ; black. 2, Tarnished or blackened with ink. IN-LaCE', v. t. To embellish with variegations. IN-LaCED' (-laste), pp. Embellished with variegations IN-LaC'ING, ppr. Embellishing with variegations. IN-LA-Ga'TION, n. The restitution of an outlawed person to the protection of the law. — Bouvier. IN-LaID', pp. of inlay, which see. IN'LAND, a. 1. Interior ; remote from the sea. 2. Within land ; remote from the ocean. 3. Carried on within a country ; domestic, not foreign, as trade. 4. Confined to a country , drawn and payable in the same country ; op- posed to "joreign : as, an inland bill of exchange, one drawn on a person living in the same country. IN'LAND, n. The interior part of a country. — Milton. IN'LAND-ER, n. One who lives in the interior of a coun- try, or at a distance from the sea. — Brown. t IN'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting something inland ; native D6VE ;— BULL, UN.TE ;— AN"GER VfCIOUS.— € as K; G as J ; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this, t ObsoleU INN 544 INO IN-LAPI-DaTE, v. t. To convert into a stony substance ; to petrify. — Bacon. [Little used.] IN-LAW, v. t. To clear of outlawry or attainder. IN-LAW.ED', pp. Cleared of attainder. IN-LAl , v. t. ; pret. and pp. inlaid. To diversify cabinet or other work by laying in thin slices of fine wood, ivory, pearl, mosaic, &c, on some other surface of wood or coarser material. IN'LaY, n. Matter or pieces of wood, ivory, &c., inlaid. — Milton. IN-LXY'ER, n. The person who inlays. IN-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in thin slices of wood, &c, on another surface. IN-L aY'ING, n. The operation of divei sifying or ornament- ing work with thin pieces of wood, ivory, &c, on a sur- face of wood or coarser material. IN'LET, n. 1. A passage or opening by which an inclosed place may be entered ; place of ingress ; entrance. 2. A bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large river, or between isles. IN LIM'I-NE. [L.] At the threshold ; at the beginning or outset. IN-LIST. See Enlist. IN-LIST'MENT. See Enlistment. IN-LOCK', v. t. To lock or inclose one thing within another. IN-LOCKED' (-lokt'), pp. Locked or inclosed within an- other thing. IN Lo'-GO. [L.] In the place. EN'LY, a. [in and like.] Internal ; interior ; secret. — Shah. IN'LY, adv. Internally ; within ; in the heart ; secretly. — Milton. IN'MaTE, n. [in or inn, and mate.] 1. A person who lodges or dwells in the same house with another. 2. A lodger ; one who fives with a family. IN'MaTE. a. Admitted as a dweller. — Milton. IN ME'DI-AS RES. [L.] Into the midst of things. IN'MoST, a. [in and most.] Deepest within ; remotest from the surface or external part. — Addison. rNN, n. [Sax. inn.] 1. A house for the lodging and enter- tainment of travelers ; often a tavern, where liquors are furnished to travelers or others. — 2. In England, a college of municipal or common law professors and students ; the word inn having formerly been used for lodging-house or dwelling, and also for the town residence of a noble- man. Thus, Gray's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, &c, were once the town residences of the noble families whose names they bear. Toone. — Inns of court, colleges in which stu- dents of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn. — Inns of chancery, colleges in which young students formerly began their law studies. INN, v. i. To take up lodging ; to lodge. — Donne. INN, v. t. To house ; to put under cover. — Bacon. LNNHoLD-ER, n. [inn and hold.] 1. A person who keeps an inn or house for the entertainment of travelers ; also, a taverner. 2. An inhabitant. — Spenser; [obs.] [NN'KEEP-ER, n. [inn and keep.] An innholder. — In Amer- ica, the innkeeper is often a tavern-keeper or taverner, as well as an innkeeper. IN'NaTE or IN-NaTE', a. [L. innatus.] Inborn ; natural ; native. Encyc. — Innate ideas are ideas or notions sup- posed by some to be impressed on the mind from the commencement of existence. t INNX-TED, for innate. WNXTE-LY or IN-NaTE'LY, adv. Naturally. INNITE-NESS or IN-NaTE'NESS, ra. The quality of being innate. IN-NAVI-GA-BLE, a. [L. innavigabilis.] That can not be navigated ; impassable by ships or vessels. — Dryden. IN-NAV'I-GA-BLY, adv. So as not to be navigable. INNER, a. [from in.] 1. Interior; further inward than something else. 2. Interior ; internal ; not outward. t INNER-LY, adv. More within.— Barret. INNER-MoST, a. Furthest inward ; most remote from the outward part— Prov., xviii. IN-NERV-I'TION, n. [in, neg., and nerve.] 1. A state of weakness.— Hall. 2. Act of strengthening. IN-NERVE', v. t. [in and nerve.] To give nerve to ; to in- vigorate ; to strengthen.— Dwight. IN-NERV£D', pp. Invigorated. IN-NERVING, ppr. Strengthening. INNTNG, 7i. 1. The ingathering of grain. 2. A term in cricket, the turn for using the bat. INNTNGS, n. pi. Lands recovered from the sea INNO-CENCE, In. [Fr. ; L. innoceniia.] 1. Properly, free- INNO-CEN-CY, S dom from any quality that can injure • innoxiousness ; harmlessness.— 2. In a moral sense, free- dom from crime, sin, or guilt ; untainted purity of' heart and fife ; unimpaired integrity. 3. Freedom from guilt or evil intentions ; simplicity of heart. 4. Freedom from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. 5. The state of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not being contraband. 1 See Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c., long.—l, g, 1, &c, short.— F AR, FALL, WHAT INNOCENT, a. [Fr. ; L. innocens.] 1. Properly, not nox ious ; not producing injury ; free from qualities tbnt can injure. 2. Free from guilt ; not having done wrong or violated any law ; not tainted with sin. 3. Free from the guilt of a particular crime or evil action. 4. Lawful j permitted. 5. Not contraband ; not subject to forfeitun 6. Ignorant; imbecile; idiotic; [obs.] — Syn. Harmless innoxious ; inoffensive ; guiltless ; spotless ; immaculate pure ; unblamable ; blameless ; faultless ; guileless ; up- right. INNO-CENT, n. 1. One free from guilt or harm.— Shaft. 2. An ignorant person ; hence, a natural ; an idiot. — Hook er ; [unusual.] IN'NO-CENT-LY, adv. 1. Without harm ; without incur- ring guilt. 2. With simplicity ; without evil design. 3. Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty. IN-NOC'tl-OUS, a. [L. innocuus.] Harmless ; safe ; pro- ducing no ill effect ; innocent. IN-NOC-0-OUS-LY, adv. Without harm ; without injurious effects. IN-NOC'H-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness ; the quality of be- ing destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. — Digby. IN-NOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be named.— Chaucer. IN-NOM'IN-ATE, a. Having no name ; anonymous. IN'NO-VaTE, v. t. [Fr. innover ; L. innovo.] 1. To change or alter by introducing something new. 2. To bring m something new. IN'NO-VaTE, v. i. To introduce novelties ; to make changes in any thing established. IN'NO-Va-TED, pp. Changed by the introduction of some- thing new. IN'NO-Va-TING, ppr. Introducing novelties. IN-NO-Vl'TION, n. Change made by the introduction of something new ; change in established laws, customs, rites, or practices. IN'NO-Va-TOR, n. 1. An introducer of changes. 2. One who introduces something new. — South. IN-NOX'IOUS, a. [L. innoxius.] 1. Free from mischievous qualities ; innocent ; harmless. 2. Not producing evil ; harmless in effects. 3. Free from crime ; pure ; inno- cent. — Pope. IN-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. Harmlessly ; without mischief. 2. Without harm suffered. — Brown. IN-NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness.— Tooke. IN-NU-EN'DO, n. [L.innuo.] 1. An oblique hint ; a remote intimation or reference to a person or thing not named. — 2. In law, a word used to point out the application of some injurious remark to the person aimed at. IN'NU-ENT, a. [L innuens.] Significant. — Burton. IN-NU-MER-A-BIL'I-TY, \n. State of being innumerable. IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE-NESS, j —Fotherby. IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. innumerabilis.] 1. Not to be counted ; that can not be enumerated or numbered for multitude. — 2. In a loose sense, very numerous. — Syn Countless ; numberless ; unnumbered. IN-Nu'MER-A-BLY, adv. Without number. IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. innumerus.] Too many to be count- ed or numbered ; innumerable. — Pope. IN-NU-TRI"TION (-trish'un), n. [in and nutrition.] Wan- of nutrition ; failure of nourishment. — Darwin. IN-NU-TRl"TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Not nutritious ; not sup- plying noxxrishment ; not nourishing. — Darwin. IN-Nu'TRI-TIVE, a. Not nourishing.— Good. IN-O-BK'DI-ENCE, n. Disobedience ; neglect of obedience. IN-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. Not yielding obedience. IN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That can not be seen or observed IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observance ; neglect of observing ; disobedience. — Bacon. — Barrow. IN-OB-SEFJ/'ANT, a. Not taking notice.— Beddoes. IN-OB-SER-VaTION, n. Neglect or want of observation. IN-OB-TRU'SIVE, a. Not obtrusive.— Coleridge. IN-OB-TRu'SIVE-LY, adv. Unobtrusively. IN-OB-TRu'SIVE-NESS, n. A quality of being not ob- trusive. IN-OC-CU-PI'TION, n. Want of occupation.— C. B. Brown. IN-OC'H-LA-BLE, a. 1. That may be inoculated. 2. That may communicate disease by inoculation. — Hall. IN-OCU-LaTE, v. t. [L. inoculo.] 1. To bud ; to insert the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the pur- pose of growth on the new stock. 2. To communicate a disease to a person by inserting infectious matter in his skin or flesh ; as, to inoculate one with the small-pox. IN-OCU-LaTE, v. i. To propagate by budding ; to practice inoculation. IN-OC'tJ-LA-TED, pp. or a. 1. Budded. 2. Inserted in an- other stock, as a bud. 3. Infected by inoculation with a particular disease. IN-OCH-La-TING,^. 1 Budding; propagating by insert- ing a bud on another stock. 2. Infecting by inoculation. IN-0€-H-La'TION, n. [L. inoculatio.] 1. The act or prac- tice of inserting buds of one plant under the bark of an- other for propagation. 2. The act or practice of commu- nicating a disease to a person in health/by inseiting cun •PREY;— MARINE. BiRD ;— MoVE,~BQQKT INQ 545 INS taglpus matter ir. hi* «kin or flesh ; used chiefly of the emall-pox. IN-OG'U-LI-TOR, n. A person who inoculates ; one who propagates plants or diseases by inoculation. tIN-o'DI-ATE, v. t. To make hateful.— South. IN-o'DOR-ATE, a. Having no scent or odor. IN-oDOR-OUS, a. [L. inodorus.] Wanting scent; having no smell, — Arbutknot. IN-OF-FENS'lVE, a. 1. Giving no offense or provocation ; unoffending. 2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance. 3. Harmless ; doing no injury or mischief. 4. Not obstruct- ing ; presenting no hinderance. — Milton ; [rare.] IN-OF-FENS'lVE-LY, adv. Without giving offense ; with- out harm ; in a manner not to offend. IN-OF-FENS'lVE-NESS, n. Harmlessness ; the quality of being not offensive either to the senses or to the mind. IN-OF-Fl"ClAL (-fish'al), a. Not official; not proceeding from the proper officer ; not clothed with the usual forms of authority, or not done in an official character. IN-OF-Fl"CIAL-LY, adv. Without the usual forms, or not in the official character. IN-OF-Fl"CIOUS(-fish'us),a. 1. Unkind; regardless of nat- ural obligation ; contrary to natural duty. 2. Unlit for an office. 3. Not civil or attentive. IN-OF-FI"C10US-LY, adv. Not civilly or officiously. tIN-OP-ER-A'TION, n. Agency ; influence ; production of effects. — Bp. Hall. IN-OP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Not operative ; not aetive ; having no operation ; producing no effect. tIN-OP'IN-ATE, a. [L. inopinatus.] Unexpected. IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. inopportunus.] Not opportune ; inconvenient ; unseasonable in time. IN-OP-POR-TONE'LY, adv. Unseasonably ; at an inconve- nient time. IN-OP-PRESS'iVE, a. Not oppressive ; not burdensome. IN-OP'U-LENT, a. Not opulent ; not wealthy. IN-OR'DIN-A-CY, n. Deviation from order or rule pre- scribed ; irregularity ; disorder ; excess, or want of mod- eration. IN-OR'DIN-ATE, a. [L. inordinatus.] Irregular; disorderly; excessive ; immoderate ; not limited to rules prescribed, or to usual bounds. — Inordinate proportion, in mathematics, a proportion in which the order of the terms is not regu- lar. — Barlow. IN-OR'DIN-ATE-LY, adv. Irregularly ; excessively; immod- erately. — Skelton. IN-OR'DIN-ATE-NESS, n. Deviation from order ; excess ; want of moderation ; inordinacy. IN-OR-DIN-a'TION, n. Irregularity ; deviation from rule or right. — South. IN-OR-GANTG, (a. Devoid of organs ; not formed with [N-OR-GANTC-AL, \ the organs or instruments of life ; in- organized. [N-OR-GAN'IG-AL-LY, adv. Without organs. IN-ORGAN-IZ.ED, a. Not having organic structure ; void of organs, _as earths, metals, and other minerals. IN-OS'€U-LaTE, v. i. [L. in and osculatus.] In anatomy, to unite by apposition of contact ; to unite, as two vessels at their extremities. IN-OS'GU-LaTE, v. t. To unite, as two vessels in an animal body. IN-OS'GU-LI-TING, ppr. Uniting, as the extremities of two vessels. IN-OS-GTJ-L i'TION, n. The union of two vessels of an ani- mal be ly by an opening between them ; anastomosis. IN O'VO. [L.] In the egg ; in infancy. IN PEB-PET'JJ-AM Be 'I ME-Mo'BI-AM. [L.] For a per- petual memorial of the affair. IN PEB-PET'U-UM. [L.] To perpetuity ; forever. IN PET'TO. [It. in the breast; L. in pectore.] In secret; in rGscsrvc IN POS'SE. [L.] In possibility of being. IN P BO TBI- A PEB-So'NA. [L.] In one's own per- son. EM'QUEST, n. [Fr. enquete.] 1. Inquisition ; judicial inqui- ry : official examination. 2. A jury ; particularly, a coro- ner's jury for investigating the cause of a sudden death. 3. Inquiry ; search. — South. f xN-QUi'ET, v. t. To disturb ; to trouble. tIN-QUl-ET-A'TION, n. Disturbance. IN-QUl'ET-UDE, n. [Fr. ; L. inquictudo.] Disturbed state ; want of quiet ; restlessness ; uneasiness, either of body Or mind ; disquietude. IN'QUI-NaTE, v. t. [L. inquino.] To defile ; to pollute ; to contaminate. — Brown. \Little used.] IN-QUI-Na'TION, n. The act of defiling, or state of being defiled ; pollution ; corruption. — Bacon. [Little used.] IN-QUIPv/A-BLE, a. That may be inquired into ; subject to inquisition or inquest. — Bacon. lN-Q.Ul.RE', v. i. [Fr. cnqucrir ; Sp. inquirir ; L. inquiro.] 1. To ask a question ; to seek for truth or information by asking questions. 2. To seek for truth by argument or the discussion of questions, or by investigation. — To in- DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; <1 as J ; S as Z ; C'H as SH ; TH as in th M M quire into, to make examination ; to seek for particular in formation. IN-QUiRE', v. t. 1. To ask about ; to seek by asking. 2 Ta call or name. — Spenser ; [obs.] IN-Q.UlR.ED', pp. Asked about ; sought by asking. IN-QUlR'ENT, a. Making inquiry.— Shenstone. IN-QUlR'ER, n. One who asks a question ; one who intef rogates ; one who searches or examines ; one who seeks for knowledge or information. IN-QUlR'ING, ppr. Seeking for information by asking ques- tions_; asking ; questioning ; interrogating ; examining. IN-QUlR'ING, a. Given to inquiry ; disposed to investigate causes ; as, an inquiring mind. IN-QUIR'INGvLY, adv. By way of inquiry. IN-QUl'RY, n. [Norm, enquerre.] 1. The act of inquiring , a seeking for information by asking questions. 2. Search for truth, information, or knowledge ; examination into - facts or principles. — Syn. Interrogation ; interrogatory ; question ; query ; scrutiny ; investigation ; research. IN-QUI-SI"TION (in-kwe-zish'un) : n. [Fr. ; L. inquisitio.] 1. Inquiry ; examination ; a searching or search. 2. Judicial inquiry ; official examination ; inquest. 3. Examination ; discussion. — Bacon. 4. In some Bovian Catholic countries, a court or tribunal established for the examination and punishment of heretics. IN-QUI-SI"TION-AL, a. Making inquiry ; busy in inquiry. IN-QUI-Sl"TION-A-RY, a. Inquisitional. IN-QUlS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Apt to ask questions ; addicted to inquiry ; inclined to seek information by questions. 2. In- clined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation, or observation ; given to research. — Syn. Inquiring ; prying ; curious. IN-QUIS'I-TIVE, n. A person who is inquisitive; one curi- ous in research. — Temple. IN-QUIS'I-TJVE-LY, adv. With curiosity to obtain informa- tion ; with scrutiny. IN-QUIS'I-TiVE-NESS, n. The disposition to obtain infor- mation ; curiosity to learn what is not known. IN-QUIS'I-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who inquires ; particularly, one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine. 2. A member of the court of inquisition. IN-QUIS-I-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to inquisition. 2. Per taining to the court of inquisition, or resembling its prac- tices. IN-QUIS-I-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of an in, quisitor. t IN-QUIS-I-T5'RI-OUS, a. Making sti ict inquiry.— Milton. IN-RaIL', v. t. To rail in ; to inclose with rails. — Gay. IN-RaIL^JD' (in-rald'), pp. Inclosed with rails. IN-RIIL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. IN-RE61S-TER, v. t. [Fr. cnregistrer.] To register , to re- cord ; to enter in a register. — Walsh. IN'RoAD, n. 1. The entrance of an enemy into a country with purposes of hostility ; a sudden or desultory irrup- tion, incursion, or invasion. 2. Attack ; encroachment. IN-SIFETY, n. Want of safety.— Naunton. [Ill] IN-SA-Lu'BRI-OUS, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful ; un- favorable to health ; unwholesome. IN-SA-LU'BRI-TY, n. Want of salubrity ; unhealthfulness , unwholesomeness. IN-SAL'U-TA-RY, a. 1. Not salutary ; not favorable to health or soundness. 2. Not tending to safety ; productive of evil. IN^InaIleSs, } * State of b&i °2 ™urable. IN-SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. vieanobilis.] Incurable ; that can not be healed. — Johnson. 1N-SANA-BLY, adv. So as to be incurable. IN-SINE', a. [L. insanus.] 1. Unsound in mind or intellect ; mad ; deranged in mind ; delirious ; distracted. 2. Used by or appropriated to insane persons, as an asylum. 3. Making mad ; causing madness ; as, the insane root- Shak.; [obs.] IN-SaNE', n. An insane person. IN-SaNE'LY, adv. Madly ; foolishly ; without reason. . The state of being unsound in mind ; derangement of intellect. — Syn. Mad- mania ; delirium ; lunacy. Tasteless ; wanting flavo f IN-SA'TIA-BLE (in-sa'sha-bl), a. [Fr. ; L. insatidbilis.] In- capable of being satisfied or appeased ; very greedy. IN-Sa'TIA-BLE-NESS, I n. Greediness of appetite that can IN-Sa-TIA-BIL'I-TY, 5 not be satisfied or appeased. IN-Sa'TIA-BLY (in-sa'sha-bly), adv. With greediness not to be satisfied. — South. IN-SaTIATE (in-sa'shate), a. [L. hisatiatus.] Not to be sat isfied ; insatiable. — Phillips. IN-Sa'TIATE-LY, adv. So greedily as not to be satisfied. IN-SA-Tl'E-TY, n. Insatiableness.— Granger. IN-SAT-1S-FAGTION, n. Want of satisfaction.— Bacon. IN-SAT'U-RA-BLE, a. [L. insc.tvrahilis.] Not to be satura- ted, filled, or glutted. — Johnson. IN'SCI-ENCE, n. Ignorance ; want of knowledge. Yobsoiete. IN-SAN'I-TY, ? IN-SINE'NESS, 5 ness ; craziness : t IN-SAP'O-RY, a. NTS 546 INS lN-S€RlBE o.t. [l..tn*'~iio.] 1. To write on ; to engrave on for perpetuity or daration; as, to inscribe an epitaph on a tomb* 2. To imprint on ; as, to inscribe a lesson on the memo-y. 3. To assign or address to : to commend to by a short address ; as, to inscribe a book to a friend. 4. To mark with letters, characters, or words ; as, to inscribe a tomb with a name. 5. To draw a figure within another ; as, to inscribe a square in a circle. IN-SCRlBA-BLE, a. That may be insciibed. 1N-S€RiBA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being inscribable. IN-S€RlB_ED' (in-skribd'), pp. Written on ; engraved ; mark- ed ; addressed ; drawn within. IN-S€RIB'ER, n. One who inscribes. — Pownall. IN-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Writing on ; engraving ; marking ; ad- dressing ; drawing within. lN-S€RIP'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. inscriptio.] 1. Something writ- ten or engraved to communicate knowledge to after ages ; any character, word, hue, or sentence written or engraved on a solid substance for duration. The inscription on a medal is usually in a straight hne across it, while the le- gend, is placed in a circle round the rim. 2. A title. 3. An address or consignment of a book to a person. IN-S€PJPTlVE, a. Bearing inscription. IN-SCR5LL', v. t. To write on a scroll.— Shak. IN-SCROLLED', pp. Written on a scroll. IN-SCR5LLTNG, ppr. Writing on a scroll. IN-SCRU-TA-BIL'I-TY, 7 n. The quality of being inscru- IN-SCROTA-BLE-NESS, 5 table. IN-8-GitU"! A-BLE, a. [r r. ; L. inscrutalilis.] 1. Unsearcha- ble ; that can not be searched into and understood by in- quiry or study. 2. That can not bo penetrated, discovered, or understood by human reason. TN-SCRu'TA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be found out or understood. 1N-SCULP', v. t. [L. insculpo.] To engrave, to carve. [Rare.] IN-SCULPTION, n. Inscription.— fownieur. [Rare.] IN-SCULPTURE, n. An engraving; sculpture.— Shak. [Lit- tle used.] See Sculpture. IN-SCULPTURED, a. Engraved. IN-SeAM', v. t. To impress or mark with a seam or cica- trix. — Pope. IN-SeAMLED*, pp. Impressed with a sram. IN-SeAMTNG, ppr. Marking with a seam. f IN-SeARCH' (in-serch'), v. t. To make search.— Elyot. IN-SEGA.-BLE, a. [L. insecabilis.] That can not be divided by a cutting instrument ; indivisible. EN'SECT, n. [L. insecta.] 1. In zoology, an articulate animal with a body composed of three distinct parts, viz., the head, corselet or thorax, and abdomen ; having six legs and usually two or four wings attached to the thorax, and respiring by means of spiracies or minute punctures along the sidf;S of the abdomen. — Dana. 2. Any thing small or contemptible. IN'SECT, a. Small ; mean ; contemptible. iN-SEC-TI'TOR, n. [L.] A persecutor. [Little used.] IN'SECT-ED, a. Having the nature of an insect. IN-SECT'iLE, a. Having the nature of insects. tlN-SECTILE, n. An insect.— Wotton. IN-SECTION, n. A cutting in ; incisure ; incision. IN-SEC-TIV'O-RA, n. pi. [from L.l 1. A family of vertebrate quadrupeds living on insects. It includes the shrew and mole. — 2. In Temminclis system, an order of birds that feed on insects. [insect, and L. voro.] Feeding or One who stu dies insects ; an en- EN-SE€-TIV'0-ROUS, subsisting on insects, t IN-SE€-TOL'0-GER, tomologist. IN-SE-CuRE', a. 1, Not secure ; not safe ; not confident of safety. 2. Not safe ; not effectually guarded or protected ; unsafe ; exposed to danger or loss. 1X-SE-€uPJE'LY, adv. Without security or safety. IN-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. 1. Want of safety, or want of confidence in-safety. 2. Uncertainty. 3. Want of safety ; danger; hazard ; exposure to destruction or loss. rw l™^ T -° N ' 1U [L - insecutio -] Pursuit— Cliapman. LN-SEM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. insemino.] To sow ; to impreg- nate. [Rare.] * IN-SEM-IN-a'TION, n. The act of sowing or impregnating. [Little used.] rob JN-SENS'ATEf, a. [Fr. inscnse.] Destitute of sense ; stupid ; foolish ; wanting sensibility. — Milton. [N-SENS-1-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Want of sensibility, or the power of feeling or perceiving ; [applied to material objects.] 2 Want of the power to be moved or affected ; want of ten- derness or susceptibility of emotion and passion 3 A dull or torpid state.— Syn. Dullness; numbness; unfeel- ingness ; stupidity ; torpor ; apathy ; indifference IN-SENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr., Sp., from L. in and sensns.] 1. That can not be felt or perceived ; as, an insensible decay 2 Destitute of the power of feeling or perceiving ; wanting corporeal sensibility. 3. Not susceptible of e°motion or passion ; void of feeling ; wanting tenderness. 4. In a state of dullness or torpor. 5. Void of sense or meaning. Hale. — Syn. Imperceptible; imperceivable ; dull; stupid torpid; senseless; unfeeling; indifferent; unsusceptible; hard; callous. IN-SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Want of sensibility ; insensibili- ty. [Little used.] IN-SENS'I-BLY, adv. 1. Imperceptibly ; in a manner not to be felt or perceived by the senses. — Addison. 2. By slow degrees ; gradually. IN-SENTIENT (-sen'shent), a. Not having perception. IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE. a, [Fr. ; L. inseparabilts.) That can not be separated or disjoined ; not to be parted. IN-SEPA-RA-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality of being insepa- IN-SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, J rable, or incapable of disjunc- tion. [Inseparability is little used.] IN-SEPA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner that prevents separa- tion ; with indissoluble union. — Temple. t IN-SEP A-RATE, a. Not separate. t IN-SEPA-RATE-LY, adv. So as not to be separated. IN-SERT, v. t. [Fr. inserer ; L. insero.] Literally, to thrust in ; hence, to set in or among. IN-SERTED, pp. or a. Set in or among. IN-SERTTNG, ppr. Setting in or among. IN-SEBT'ING, n. 1. A setting in. 2. Something set in, as lace, &c, into garments. IN-SERTION, ». [Fr. ; L. insertio.] 1. The act of setting or placing in or among other things. 2. The manner in which one part is inserted into, or adheres to, another ; as, the insertion of a muscle. 3. The thing inserted. t IN-SERVE', v. t. [L. inservio.] To be of use to an end. IN-SERV'I-ENT, a. Conducive. IN-SES-So'ReS, n.pl. [L.] An order of birds that perch ; perchers. IN-SES-So'RI-AL, a. Perching ; an epithet applied to all birds that live habitually among trees. Their feet are formed for grasping or perching. — Swainson. IN-SET', v. t. To infix or implant.— Chaucer. IN'SET, n. In language, a note within a note IN-SEV'ER-A-BLE, a. That can not be severed. IN-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades. IN-SHELL'. v. t. To hide in a shell.— Shak. IN-SHELL.ED', pp. Hid in a shell. IN-SHEL'TER, v. i. To shelter.— Shak. IN-SHELTERED, pp. Sheltered. IN-SHIP', v. t. To ship ; to embark.— Shak. IN-SHoRE', adv. Near the shore. IN-SHRlNE'. See Enshrine. IN-SIC-C a'TION, n. The act of drying in. IN'SiDE, n. [in and side.] The interior part of a thing , in- ternal part ; opposed to outside. It is also used as an adjective. IN-SID'I-aTE, v. t. [L. insidior.] To He in ambush for. IN-SID'I-a-TED, pp. Laid in ambush. IN-SID'I-l-TING, ppr. Lying in ambush. IN-SID'I-l-TOR, n. One who lies in ambush.— Barrow. * IN-SID'I-OUS, a. [L. insidiosus.] 1. Properly, lying in wait, hence, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap ; as, an insidious foe. 2. Intended to entrap ; as, insidious at- tempts. — Syn. Crafty ; wily ; artful ; sly ; designing ; guile- ful ; circumventive ; treacherous ; deceitful ; deceptive. * IN-SID1-OUS-LY, adv. With intention to insnare ; deceit- fully ; treacherously ; with artifice or stratagem. * IN-SID'I-OUS-NESS, n. A watching for an opportunity to insnare ; deceitfulness ; treachery. — Barrow. INSIGHT (iii'site), n. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the interior of any thing; deep inspection or view; introspec- tion ; thorough knowledge or skill. — Spectator. IN-SIG'NI-A, n. pi. [L.] 1. Badges or distinguishing marks of office or honor. — Burke. 2. Marks, signs, or visible im- pressions, by which any thing is known. IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANCE, 1 n. 1. Want of significance or mean- IN-SIG-NIF'I-GAN-CY, > ing. 2. Unimportance ; want of force or effect. 3. Want of weight ; meanness. IN-SIG-NIF'I-GANT, a. 1. Void of signification ; destitute of meaning, as words. 2. Answering no purpose : having no weighf or effect as arguments or acts. 3. Without weight of character, as persons. — Syn. Unimportant ; im- material ; inconsiderable ; trivial ; trifling ; mean ; con- temptible. IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, n. An insignificant thing. IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. 1. Without meaning, as words. 2. Without importance or effect ; to no purpose. IN-RIG-NIF'I-€A-TIVE, a. Not expressing by external signs. IN-SIN-CePv.E', a. [L. insincerus.] 1. Not sincere ; not being in truth what one appears to be, as persons. 2. Charac- terized by insincerity, as words or actions. 3. Not sound nor secure, as joys. Dryden. — Syn. Dissembling; hollow; hypocritical ; deceptive ; deceitful ; false ; disingenuous. IN-SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Without sincerity ; hypocritically. IN-SIN-CER'1-TY, n. 1. Dissimulation ; want of sincerity or of being in reality what one appears to be ; h/pocrisy 2. Deceitfulness ; hoi^owness. EN-SIN-EW '-sin'rm), v. t. To strengthen • to give rigor to. IN-SIN'EWi?D, pp. Strengthened. See Synopsis, .v. E, I, &c, long. -1, E, L, &c., short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARD-'E, BIRD M5V¥, BOOK, INS 547 INS tN-SIN'E W -ING, ppr. Givin g vigor to. [N-SIN'U-ANT, a. [Fr. ; L. insinuans.] Insinuating ; having th.3 power to train favor. — Wotton. {Little vscd.] IN-SIN'U-aTE, v. t. [Fr. insinuer ; L. insinuo.] 1. To intro- duce gently, or into a narrow passage ; to wind in. 2. To ingratiate, push, or work one's self into favor ; to intro- duce by slow, gentle, or artful means. 3. To hint ; to in- timate ; to suggest by remote allusion. 4. To instill ; to in- fuse gently ; to introduce artfully. IN-SIN'U-aTE. v. i. 1. To creep in ; to wind in ; t<"> flow in ; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into crevices. 2. To gam on the affections by gentle or artful re eans. 3. To wind along. IN-SINV-a-TED, pp. Introduced or conveyed gently, im- perceptibly, or by winding into crevices ; hinted. IN-SLVU-A-TING, ppr. 1. Creeping or winding in ; flowing in : gaining on gently : hinting. 2. a. Tending to enter gently ; insensibly winning favor and confidence. Itf-SIN'U-A-TING-LY, adv. In a way of insinuation. IN-SIN-U-A'TION, «. [Fr. ; L. insinuatio.] 1. The act of in- sinuating ; a creeping or winding in ; a flowing into crev- ices. 2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by gen- tle or artful means. 3. The art or power of pleasing and stealing on the affections. 4. A hint ; a suggestion or inti- mation by distant allusion. £N-SIN'U-A-TlVE, a. Stealing on the affections.— Bacon. [N-SIN'U-A-TOR, n. One who insinuates ;. one who hints. IN-SIP'ID, a. [Fr. insipide ; L. insipidus.] 1. Destitute of taste ; wanting the qualities which affect the organs of taste. 2. Wanting spirit, life, or animation; wanting pa- thos, or the power of exciting emotions. 3. Wanting power to gratify desire. — Syn. Tasteless ; vapid ; dull ; heavy ; stupid ; spiritless ; unanimated ; lifeless ; flat. EN-SI-PID1-TY, In. [Fr. insipidite.] 1. Want of taste, or EN-SIPTD-NESS, } the power of exciting sensation in the tongue. 2. Want of life or spirit. IN-SIPTD-LY, adv. Without taste ; without spirit or life ; without enioyment. — Locke. IN-SIPT-ENCE, n. [L. insipientia.] Want of wisdom ; folly ; foolishness ; want of understanding. IN-SIST, v. i. [Fr. insister ; L. insisto.} 1. Literally, to stand or rest on ; [rarely used.) — 2. In geometry, an angle i3 said to insist upon the arc of the circle intercepted between the two lines which contain the angle. 3. To dwell on in discourse. — To insist on, to press or urge for any thing with immovable firmness. IN-SISTTJD, pp. Dwelt on ; urged. EN-SIST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on.— Wotton. [Rare.] IN-SISTTNG, ppr. Urging ; pressing. See Insist. y IN-SISTURE, n. A dwelling or standing on ; fixedness. IN Sl"TIEN-CY, n. Freedom from thirst— Grew. IN-SI"TION (in-sish'un), n. [L. insitio.] The insertion of a cion in a stock ; ingraftment. — Ray. IN Sl'TU. [L.] In its original situation or bed. IN-SNaRE', v . t. 1. To catch in a snare ; to entrap ; to take by artificial means. 2. To inveigle ; to seduce by artifice ; to take by wiles, stratagem, or deceit 3. To entangle ; to involve in difficulties or perplexities. IN-SNAR.ED' (in-snard'), pp. Caught in a snare ; entrapped ; inveigled ; involved in perplexities. IN-SNaR'ER, n. One who insnares. IN-SNaRTNG. ppr. or a. Catching in a snare ; entrapping ; seducing ; involving in difficulties. EN-SO-BRl'E-TY, n. [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety ; intemperance; drunkenness. — Decay of Piety. IN-So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. insociabilis.] l.'Not inclined to unite in social converse ; not given to conversation ; unsociable ; taciturn. 2. That can not be joined or con- nected ; [obs.] [N-So'ClA-BLY, adv. Unsociably. IN'SO-LXTE, v. t. [L. insolo.] To dry in the sun's rays ; to expose to the heat of the sun ; to ripen or prepare by ex- posure to the sun, as fruits, vinegar, &c. IN'SO-La-TED, pp. Exposed to the sun ; dried or matured in the sun's rays. IN'SO-La-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of sun- beams. IN-SO-L1TION, n. 1. The act or process of exposing to the rays of the sun. 2. A stroke of the sun ; the action of extreme heat on the living system. ^N'SO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. insolentia.] Pride or haughtiness manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treatment of others ; petulant contempt ; impudence. IN'SO-LENCE, v. t. To treat with haughty contempt. N'SO-LENT, a. 1. Proud and haughty^ with contempt of others ; domineering in power. & Proceeding from inso- lence ; haughty and contemptuous. 3. Unaccustomed ; \obs.] — Syn. Overbearing ; insulting ; abusive ; offensive ; eaucy ; impudent ; audacious ; pert ; impertinent ; rude ; reproachful ; opprobrious. JT'«kyt,ENT-LY, adv. With contemptuous pride ; haughti- ly ; rudely ; saucilv. — Dryden. U*-SO-LID'I-TY, n. Want of solidity ; weakness. IN-SOL-U-BILT-TY, n. The quality of not being soluble o dissolvable, particularly in a fluid. IN-SOL'U-BLE, a. [Fr.. from L. insolubilis.] 1. That csr? not be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. 2. Not to bt solved or explained ; not to be resolved, as a doubt ci difficulty ; [little used.] IN-SOLVA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be cleared of difficult or uncertainty ; not to be solved or explained ; not admit ting solution or explication. 2. That can not be paid or discharged. — Pope. IN-SOLV'EN-CY, n. 1. Inability of a person to pay ail his debts ; or the state of wanting property sufficient for such payment 2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the owner. IN-SOLVENT, a. [L. in and solvens.] 1. Not having money, goods, or estate sufficient to pay all debts. 2. Not sufficient ■ to pay all the debts of the owner. 3. Respecting insolvent debtors ; relieving an insolvent debtor from imprisonment for debt. — Insolvent law, or act of insolvency, a law which liberates a debtor from imprisonment, or exempts him from liability to arrest and imprisonment on account of any debt previously contracted. IN-SOLVENT, n. A debtor unable to pay his debts. IN-SOM'NI-OUS, a. [L.insomniosus.] Troubled with dreams; restless in sleep. IN-SO-MUCH', adv. [in, so, and much.] So that ; to that de- gree. [Obsolescent.] IN-SPECl", v. t. [L. inspectum.] 1. To look on ; to view or oversee for the purpose of examination. 2. To look into ; to view and examine, for the purpose of ascertaining the quality or condition of a tiling. 3. To view and examine for the purpose of discovering and correcting errors. 4. To superintend. tIN-SPECT, n. Close examination. — Thomson. IN-SPECTED, pp. or a. Viewed with care ; examined. IN-SPECTTNG, ppr. Looking on or into ; viewing with care; examining. IN-SPEC'TION, 7i. [L. inspectio.] 1. A looking on or into ; prying examination ; close or careful survey ; introspec- tion ; insight 2. Watch ; guardianship. 3. Superintend- ence ; oversight. 4. Official view; a careful viewing and examining of commodities or manufactures, to ascertain their quality. 5. Official examination, as of arms, to see that they are in good order for service. IN-SPECT'IVE, a. Inspecting. IN-SPE€T'OR, 7i. 1. One who inspects, views, or oversees. 2. A superintendent ; one to whose care the execution of any work is committed. 3. An officer whose duty is to examine the quality of goods. 4. An officer of the cus- toms. 5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the troops and examine their arms. IN-SPE€T'OR-ATE, \n. The office of an inspector.— Wash- IN-SPE€T'0R-SH1P, 5 ivgton. IN-SPERS£D' (in-sperst/), a. Sprinkled on. [Not xised.] IN-SPER/SION, n. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling on. — Ainsworth. IN-SPEX'I-MUS, n. [L.] We have inspected.— In England, the first. word of ancient charters, confirming a grant made by a former king ; hence, the name of a royal grant. — Smart. IN-SPHeRE', v. t, To place in an orb or sphere. IN-SPHeRJJD', pp. Placed in a sphere. IN-SPHeR'ING. ppr. Placing in a sphere. IN-SPlR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inspired. 2. That may be drawn into the lungs ; inhalable, as air or vapors. IN-SPI-RI'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of drawing air into the lungs; the inhaling of air ; a branch of respiration, and opposed to expiration. 2. The act of breathing into any thing. 3. The supernatural influence of the Spirit of God on the human mind, by which the prophets, apostles, and sacred writers were qualified to set forth divine truth without any mixture of error. 4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the supposed deities of pagans. 5. The infusion or communication of ideas or poetic spirit by a superior being or supposed presiding power. 6. A highly- exciting influence; as, the inspiration of the scene. IN-SPl'RA-TO-RY or IN'SPI-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining tc or aiding inspiration, or inhaling air into the lungs. — Mid.. Repos. IN-SPiRE', v. i. [L. inspiro.] To draw in breath ; to inhale air into the lungs ; opposed to expire. IN-SPiRE', v. t. 1. To breathe into.— Pope. 2. To infuse by breathing. 3. To infuse into the mind ; as, to inspire with new life. 4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions su- pernaturally ; to communicate divine instructions to the mind. 5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit. 6. To draw intothe lungs. IN-SPlRZD' (in-splrd'). pp. or a. 1. Breathed in ; inhaled ; infused. 2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit. IN-SPlR'ER, n. He who inspires. IN-SPIRING, ppr. 1. Breathing in ; inhaling into th'~ lungs ; infusing into the mind supematurally. 2. a. Infusn g spirit or courage ; animating. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete IIS 6 548 INS fr" S P 1J IT, t t ' o Infuse or excite spirit in ; to give new iif to Pope SrN. To enliven ; invigorate; exhilarate; animate ; cheer ■, encourage. IN-SPIR'IT-ED, pf. Enlivened; animated ; invigorated. IN-SPl't'IT-ING, jrpr. Infusing spirit ; giving new life to. IN-SPIa'SITE, v. t. To thicken, as fluids ; to bring to great- er consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, &c. IN-SPIS'SATE, a. Thick.— Greenhill. IN-SPI3'Sa-TED, pp. or a. Thickened, as a liquor. IN-SP1S'SI-TING, ppr. Thickening, as a liquor. IN-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act or operation of rendering a fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c. IN-STA-BII/I-TY, n. [Fr. instability ; L. instabilitas.] 1. Want of stability ; want of firmness in purpose ; muta- bility of opinion or conduct. 2. Mutability; liability to change; as, instability of human affairs.— Syn. Inconstan- cy ; fickleness ; changeableness ; wavering ; unsteadiness ; unstableness. INSTa'BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Inconstant; prone to change or recede from a purpose ; mutable. 2. Not steady or fixed ; changeable. See Unstable. IN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. Unstableness ; instability. IN-STALL', v. t. [Fr. installer.] To set, place, or instate in an office, rank, or order ; to invest with any charge, office, or rank, with the customary ceremonies. IN-STALL-a'TION, n. The act of giving possession of an office, rank, or order, with the customary ceremonies. IN-STALLjBD (-stawld^, pp. Placed in a seat, office, or order. IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Placing in a seat, office, or order. IN-STALL'MENT, n. 1. The act of installing, or giving pos- session of an office, with the usual ceremonies or solemni- ties. 2. The seat in which one is placed ; [unusual] — 3. In commerce, a term applied to the parts of a large sum of money which are paid, or to be paid, at different periods. IN'STANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Urgency; a pressing; solicitation; importunity; application. 2. Example; a case occurring ; a case ottered. 3. Time ; occasion ; occurrence. 4. Mo- tive ; influence ; [obs.] 5. Process of a suit ; [obs.] — 6. On the Continent of Europe, a court of the first instance is one which has original jurisdiction of a case ; cou rt of the second and third instance are courts of successive appeaL —;Encyc. Am. IN'STANCE, v. i. To give or offer an example or «;ase. IN'STANCE, v. t. To mention as an example or case. INSTANCED (in'stanst), pp. or a. Given in proof, or as an example. IN'STANC-ING, ppr. Giving as proof or as an example. IN'STANT, a. [Fr., from L. instans.} 1. Pressing ; urgent ; importunate ; earnest. 2. Immediate ; without interven- ing time ; present. 3. Quick ; making no delay. 4. Pres- ent ; current ; as, on the tenth of July instant. IN'STANT, n. 1. A point in duration ; a moment ; a part of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part that occupies the time of a single thought 2. A particu- lar time. IN-STANT-A-Ne'I-TY, n. Unpremeditated production. IN-STANT-a'NE-OUS. a. [Fr. instantane.] Done in an in- stant; occurring or acting without any perceptible suc- cession ; very speedily. IN-STANT-a'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an instant; in a moment; in an indivisible point of duration. IN-STANT-a'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being done in an instant. IN-STANTER, adv. [L.] In law, immediately ; at the pres- ent time ; without delay. IN'STANT-LY, adv. 1. Immediately ; without any interven- ing time ; at the moment ; instantaneously. 2. With urg- ent importunity. 3. With diligence and earnestness. IN-STXR', v. t. [in and star.] To set or adorn with stars, or with brilliants.— J. Barlow. IN' STAR OM'NI-.UM. [L.] Like all ; an example for all. IN-STARRED', pp. Adorned with stars.— J. Barlow. IN-STaTE', v. t. [in and state.] 1. To set or place ; to estab- lish, as in a rank or condition.— South. 2. To invest ; [obs.] renews or restores to a IN-3'1 aTE 1 ), pp. Set or placed. EN-STaT'ING, ppr. Setting or placing. ;l f J?/*'?! 11 - Q Uo - t L In the former state or condition. ™ I v H 5 -£ E ' v - L t L " *»*to»ro.] To reform ; to repair. i-N-sIAU-IIaTFON, n. [L. instauratio.] Renewal ; repair re-establishment ; the restoration of a fhin being detached from other objects. — 2. In electrical expert mcnts,the act of placing electrified bodies, by means of non- conductors, in such a situation that the electricity is pre vented from escaping ; the state of being thus placed. * IN'SU-La-TOR, n. In electrical experiments, the substance or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication of electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor at electric. IN'SU-LOUS, a. Abounding in isles. t IN-SULSE' (in-suls'), a. [L. insulsus.] Dull ; insipid. t IN-SULS'I-TY, n. Stupidity.— Milton. IN'SULT, n. [Fr. insulte ; L. insultus.] 1. The act of leap- ing on ; [little used.] 2. Any gross abuse offered to an- other, either by words or actions ; act or speech of inso- lence or contempt. — Syn. All'ront; indignity; outrage; contumely. IN-SULT', v. t. [Fr. insulter ; L. insulto.] To treat with grosi abuse, insolence, or contempt, by words or actions. IN-SULT, v. i. To behave with insolent triumph. — To in suit over, to triumph over with insolence. IN-SULT- a'TION, n. The act of insulting; abusive treatment IN-SULT'ED, pp. Abused or treated with insolence. IN-SULT'ER, n. One who insults.— Rowe. IN-SULT'ING, ppr. 1. Treating with insolence or contempt 2. a. Expressing insolence or contempt ; as, insulting words. IN-SULT'ING-LY, adv. With insolent contempt ; with con- temptuous triumph. — Dryden. t IN-SULT'MENT. n. The act of insulting.— Shah. t IN-SuME', v. t. [L. insumo.] To take in.— Evelyn. IN-SU-PER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being insuperable . IN-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. insuperabilis.] 1. That can not be overcome or surmounted. 2. That can not be passed over ; [rare.]— Syn. Insurmountable ; unconquerable; invincible. IN-SU'PER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being insupera. ble_or insurmountable. IN-Su'PER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to bo overcome ; insurmountably. — Grew. lN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That can not be support- ed or borne, as weight or load. — 2. Figuratively, that can not be borne or endured ; insufferable ; intolerable, as re- proach. IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in- supportable ; insufferableness. IN-SUP-P5RTA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can not be supported or endured. — Dryden. IN-SUP-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed. IN-SUP-PRESS'I-BLY adv. So as not to be suppressed. IN-SUP-PRESS'IVE, ft. Not to be suppressed.— Shak. IN-SuR'A-BLE (in-shur'a-bl), a. That may be insured against loss or damage ; proper to be insured. IN-SuR'ANCE (in-shur'ans), n. 1. The act of insuring or as- suring against loss or damage ; or a contract by which one engages, for a stipulated consideration or premium per cent, to make up a loss which another may sustain. 2. The premium paid for insuring property or lite. — Insur- ance company, a company or corporation whose business is to insure against loss or damage. tIN-SfjR'AN-CER, n. An underwriter.— R. Blair. IN-SuRE' (in-shure'), v. t. 1. To make sure or secure ; as. to insure safety to any one. 2. To contract or covenant for a consideration to secure a person against loss ; as, to insure a ship. IN-SuRE', v. i. To underwrite ; to practice making insur- ance. IN-SuR-ED' (in-shurd'), pp. or a. Made sure ; assured ; se- cured against loss. IN-SuR'ER (in-shur'er), n. One who insures; an under- writer. IN-SUR'GENT, a. [L. insurgens.] Rising in opposition to lawful, civil, or political authority. — Stephens. IN-SUR'&ENT, n. A person who rises in opposition to civil or political authority ; one who openly and actively resists the execution of laws. An insurgent differs from a rebel. The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law or laws; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the government, or he revolts and attempts to place his coun- try under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents, but all insurgents are not rebels. IN-SORING (in-shur'ing), jipr. Making secure ; assuring against loss ; engaging to indemnify for losses. IN-SUR-MOUNT'A'-BLE, a. [Fr. insurmontable.] 1. Insuper- able ; that can not be surmounted or overcome. 2. Not to be surmounted ; not to be passed by ascending. lN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be overcome. IN-SUR-REC'TION. n, [L. insurgo.] 1. A rising against civil or political authority; the open and active opposition of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city or state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition expresses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from rebellion, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an at- D6VE —BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vl"CIOUS.— € as K ; <1 as J ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as iq th>s i Obsolete INT 550 INT io/apt tJ ororttrow the government, to establish a differ- ent oua, or to piace the country under another jurisdiction. It lirfers from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political goverome -t, whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in the army or navy. 2. A rising in mass to oppose an enemy [little used.] IN-SUR-RE-GTION-AL, a. Pertaining to insurrection ; con- sisting in insurrection. — Amer. Review. IN-SUR-REIJTION-A-RY, a. Pertaining or suitable to insur- rec tion. — Burke. IN-SUR-RE€TION-IST, n. One who favors insurrection. IN-SUS-CEPT-I-BIL1-TY, n. Want of susceptibility or ca- pacity fcc feel or perceive. — Med. Repos. IN-SU8-CEPTI-BLE, a. 1. Not susceptible ; not capable of being moved, affected, or impressed. 2. Not capable of receiving or admitting. IN-SUS-UR-Ra'TION, n. [L, insusurro.] The act of whis- pering into something. IN -TACT, a. Untouched. LN-TA€T7 BLE, a. [L. intactum.] Not perceptible to the touch — Diet. IN-TAGI/Ia-TED (in-tal'ya-ted), a. Engraved or stamped on. — Warlcn. IN-TAGL'IO (in-tal'yo), n. [It.] Any thing engraved, or a precious stone with a head or an inscription cut in or hol- lowed out. It is the opposite of a cameo. IN-TAN'Gl-BLE, a. 1. That can not or may not be touched. 2. Not perceptible to the touch. IN-TAN'Gl-BLE-NESS, \ n. The quality of being intangi- IN-TAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, j ble. IN-TAN'Gl-BLY, adv. So as to be intangible. IN-TaSTA-BLE, a. That can not be tasted ; that can not affect the rrgans of taste. — Grew. IN'TE-GER, ci. [L.] The whole of any thing ; particularly, in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a fraction. IN'TE-GRAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Whole; entire. 2. Making part of a whole, or necessary to make a whole. 3. Not frac- tional. 4. Uninjured ; complete ; not defective. — Integral molecules, the smallest particles into which a body can be supposed to be divided by mechanical means. — Integral calculus. See Calculus. IN'TE-GRAL, n. 1. A whole ; an entire thing.— 2. In math- ematics. See Calculus and Differential. t IN-TE-GRAL'I-TY, n. Entireness.— Whitaker. INTE-GRAL-LY, adv. Wholly ; completely.— Whitaker. 1NTE-GRANT, a. Making part of a whole ; necessary to constitute an entire thing. Burke. — Integrant parts or particles, are those which result from the mechanical di- vision of a body, while the constituent or elementary parti- cles result from its chemical decomposition. INTE-GRITE, v. t. [L. intcgro.] To renew ; to restore ; to perfect ; to make a thins entire. -South. IN'TE-GRa-TED, pp. Made entire. IN'TE-GRa-TING, ppr. Making entire. IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of making entire. [N-TEG'RI-TY, n. [Fr. integrite; L. integritas.] 1. Whole- ness ; entireness ; unbroken state. 2. The entire, unim- paired state of any thing, particularly of the mind ; moral soundness or purity ; incorruptness ; uprightness ; hon- esty ; probity. 3. Purity ; genuine, unadulterated, unim- paired state. IN-TEG-U-MaTION, n. [L. intego.] That part of physiolo- gy which treats of the integuments of animals and plants. IN-TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. integumentum.] That which nat- urally invests or covers another thing, as the skin covers the bodv. EN-TEG-U-MENTA-RY, a. Belonging to or composed of in- teguments. IN'TEL-LECT, n. [Fr., from L. intellects.] That faculty of the human soul or mind which receives or comprehends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by percep- tion, or by other means ; the faculty of thinking ; the un- derstanding. IN-TEL-LE€'TION, n. [L. intellect^.] The act of under- standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. — Bentley. IN-TEL-LECT'iVE, a. [Fr. intellect!/.] 1. Having power to understand.— Glanville. 2. Produced by the understanding. 3. To be perceived by the understanding, not by the senses. IN-fEL-LECTTT-AL, a. [Fr. intellectuel] 1. Relating to the intellect or understanding;; belonging to the mind; per- formed by the understanding ; mental" 2. Ideal ; perceived by the intellect ; existing in the understanding. 3. Having the power of understanding. 4. Relating to the under- standing ; treating of the mind. W-TEL-LECTU-AL, n. The intellect or understanding — Milton. [Little used.] ° IN-TEL-LECT'U-AL-IST, n. One who overrates the under- standing. — Bacon. IN-TEL-LECT-U-ALTTY, n. The state of intellectual power. — Hallywrll. [N-TEL-LECTU-AL-LY, adv. By means of the under- standing. LN-TEL'LI-GENCE, n. [L. intelligentia.] 1. Intellectual ca pacity, skill, or knowledge ; as, a man of intelligence. 2. Information communicated ; an account of things distant or before unknown. 3. Commerce of acquaintance ; terms of intercourse ; as, a good intelligence between parties. 4. A spiritual being ; as, higher intelligences. — Syn. Under- standing ; intellect ; instruction ; advice ; notice ; notifica- tion ; news. IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, v. t. To inform ; to instruct. [Rare.] IN-TEL'LI-OENCE-OF'FICE, n. An office or place where information may be obtained, especially respecting servants and places of employment. IN-TEL'LI-GENCiD, pp. Informed ; instructed. [Rare.] IN-TEL'LI-GEN-CER, n. 1. One who sends or conveys in. telligence ; a messenger. — Addison. 2 A public paper ; a newspaper. IN-TEL'LI-GEN-CING, ppr. or a. Giving or conveying notieo to from a distance. IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. [L. intelligent] 1. Endowed with the faculty of understanding or reason. 2. Knowing ; under- standing ; well informed ; skilled. 3. Giving information — Shak. ; [obs.] LN-TEL-LI-GEN'TIAL, a. 1. Consisting of unbodied mind. 2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. — Milton. IN-TEL'LI-QENT-LY, adv. In an intelligent manner. IN-TEL-LI-Gl-BIL'I-TY, \ n. The quality or state of being IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLE-NESS, j intelligible ; the possibility of being understood. — Tooke. IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLE, a. [L. iutelligibilis.] That may be un- derstood or comprehended. — Syn. Comprehensible ; per- spicuous ; plain ; clear. IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLY, adv. In a manner to be understood ; clearly ; plainly. t IN-TEM'ER-ATE, a. [L. intemeratus.] Pure ; undefiled. t IN-TEM'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being unpolluted. IN-TEM'PER-A-MENT, n. A bad state or constitution. IN-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. intemperantia.) 1. In a gen- eral sense, want of moderation or due restraint ; excess in any kind of action or indulgence. 2. Habitual indulgence in drinking spirituous liquors, with or without intoxica- tion. — L. Beecher. IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. intemperatus.] 1. Not moderate or restrained within due limits ; indulging to excess any appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particular in. stance; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. 2. Ad- dicted to an excessive or habitual use of spirituous liquors. 3. Passionate ; ungovernable. — Shak. 4. Excessive ; ex- ceeding the convenient mean or degree, as climate or weather. f IN-TEMTER-ITE, v. t. To disorder.— W hitaker. IN-TEMTER-ATE-LY, adv. With excessive indulgence of appetite or passion ; with undue exertion ; immoderately ; excessively. IN-TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. 1. Want of moderation ; ex- cessive degree of indulgence. 2. Immoderate degree of any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat, or storms. IN-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. Excess of some quality. t IN-TEM-PESTlVE, a. [L. intempestivus.] Untimely. t IN-TEM-PESTlVE-LY, adv. Unseasonably. f IN-TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, n. Untimeliness. IN-TENA-BLE, a. That can not be held or maintained , that is not defensible ; untenable. — Warburton ; [little used 1 IN-TEND', v. t. [L. intendo.] 1. To stretch ; to strain ; to ex- tend; to distend ; [unusual.] 2. To mean; to design ; to purpose, that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. 3. To regard ; to fix the mind on ; to attend ; to take care of ; [obs.]- 4. To enforce ; to make intense. — Brown. IN-TEND AN-C Y, n. The office or employment of an intend- ant, or the district committed to his charge. IN-TENDANT, n. [Fr.] 1. One who has the charge, over- sight, direction, or management of some public business. — 2. In Charleston, South Carolina, the mayor or chief mu- nicipal officer of the city. LN-TEND'ED,£>p. or a. 1. Designed ; purposed. 2. Stretched; made intense ; [little used.] IN-TEND'ED-LY, adv. With intention or purpose ; by de- sign. — Milton. IN-TEND'ER n. One who intends. t IN-TEND'I-MENT, n. Attention ; understanding. IN-TEND'ING, ppr. 1. Meaning; designing; purposing. 3. Stretching; distending; [little used.] IN-TEND'MENT, n. [Fr. entendement.) Intention ; design ; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law, ->r of any legal instrument. IN-TEN'ER-aTE, v. t. To make tender ; to soften. [Rar,i.\ IN-TEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Made tender or soft. [Rare.] IN-TEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Making tender. [Rare.] IN-TEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of mak'.ng soft or '.* .»te> the state of being made tender. [Rare] t IN-TEN'I-BLE. a. That can not hold.— Shak. IN-TENS'aTE, v. t. To make intense or more int<=t.se. IN-TENS'a-TING, ppr. Making intense or more in-.t Mse. * See Synopsis, a. k, I, &c, long.—l, E, L. &c, short.— FaR FALL WHAT;— PREY;— MARlN^ £'R.*;— Mc "E,~B~09K. INT 551 INT IN-TENSE' (ill-tens'), a. [L. intensus.] 1. Literally, strained, stretched ; hence, very close, strict, as when the mind is fixed or bent on a particaJar subject. 2. Raised to a high degree ; violent ; vehement. 3. Very severe or keen. 4. Vehement; ardert; as, intense phrases. — Addison. 5. Ex- treme in degree. 6. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously atten- tive. — Milton. IN-TENSE'LY, adv. 1. To an extreme degree ; vehemently. 2. Attentively; earnestly. JN-TENSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being strained or stretched; intensity. 2. The state of being raised or con- centrated to a great degree ; extreme violence. 3. Ex- treme closeness, as of application to study. [N-TENS'I-FIjED, pp. Rendered more intense. IN-TENS'I-FY, v. t. To make more intense. IN-TENS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making more intense, IN-TEN'SION, n. [L. intensio.] 1. A straining, stretching, or bending ; the state of being strained. 2. Increase of power or energy of any quality. IN-TENS'I-TY, n. [Fr. intensite.] 1. The state of being strained or stretched ; intenseness, as of a musical chord. 2. The state of being raised to a great degree ; extreme violence. 3. Extreme closeness. 4. Excess ; extreme de- gree. IN-TENS'lVE, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension, as distance. — Hale. 2. Intent; unremitted; assiduous, as cir- cumspection. — Wotton. 3. Serving to give force or em- phasis ; as, an intensive verb. EN-TENS'lVE-LY, adv. By increase of degree ; in a manner to give force. — Bramhall. IN-TENT', a. [L. intentus.] Literally, having the mind strained or bent on an object ; hence, iixed closely ; sedu- lously applied; eager in pursuit of an object; anxiously diligent. IN-TENT' n. Literally, the stretching of the mind toward an object ; hence, the thing aimed at or designed. — To all intents, in all senses : whatever may be designed. — Syn. Design ; purpose ; intention ; meaning ; view ; drift ; ob- ject ; end ; aim. IN-TENTION, n. [L. intentio.] 1. Primarily, a stretching or bending of the mind toward an object ; hence, uncom- mon exertion of the intellectual faculties ; closeness of ap- plication ; fixedness of attention ; earnestness. — Locke. 2. The fixed direction of the mind to a particular object, or a determination to act in a particular manner. 3. The thing aimed at; the object to be accomplished. 4. The state of being strained. See Intension. — 5. In surgery, a wound is said to heal by the first intention when it cica- trizes without suppuration. — Syn. Design; purpose; in- view ; tent : meaning ; drift ; end ; aim. IN-TEN'TION-AL, a. Intended; designed; done with de- sign. IN-TENTION-AL-LY, adv. By design; of purpose; not casually. IN-TEN'TIONUD, in composition ; as, well-intentioned, having good designs ; . ill-intentioned, having ill designs. IN-TENTl VE, a. Attentive ; having the mind closely applied. — Bacon. [Rarely used.] IN-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Closely ; with close application. IN-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. Closeness of attention. IN-TENT'LY, adv. With close attention or application ; with eagerness or earnestness. — Syn. Fixedly : steadfast- ly ; earnestly ; attentively ; sedulously ; diligently ; ea- gerly. IN-TENT'NESS, n. The state of being intent ; close appli- cation ; constant employment of the mind. INTER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or between ; used as a prefix. IN-TER', v. t. [Fr. enterrer.) 1. To bury ; to deposit and cover in the earth. 2. To cover with earth. IN'TER-ACT, n. [inter and act.] Intermediate employment or time ; a short piece between others. IN-TER-ACTION, n. Intermediate action.— J. Taylor. IN-TER-I'GENT, n. An intermediate asent—Kirby. IN-TER-AM'NI-AN, a. [L. inter and amnis.] Situated be- tween rivers. — Bryant. IN-TER-AN'I-MaTE, v. t. To animate mutually. [Little used.] tN-TER-XR-TICU-LAR, a. Being between the joints or ar- ticulations. tlN-TER-BAS-TI'TION, n. [Sp. bastcar.] Patch- work. IN-TER'€A-LAR, f a. [L. inter calarius] Inserted or in- * IN-TER'GA-L A-RY, <> troduced in the midst of others ; as, an intercalary verse ; applied especially to time ; as, an in- tercalary day, i. e., the odd day inserted in leap year. • IN'TER-CAL-aTE or IN-TER'€AL-aTE, v. t. [L. inter- calo.] To insert an extraordinary day or other portion of time. *INTER-0AL-A-TED or 1N-TER'€AL-A-TED, pp. or a. In- serted. T.NTER-CAL-A-TING or IN-TER'CAL-a-TING, ppr. In- serting. N-'I'ER-CAL-A'TION. n. [L. meercalatio.] The insertion of D6VE7 an extraordinary day or other portion of tl^^ m 1>~ ca» endar. 1N-TER-CeDE', v. i. [L. intercedo.] 1. To pass between, i, To mediate ; to interpose ; to make intercession ; to ae between parties with a view to reconcile those who dii fer or contend. 3. To plead in favor of one. IN-TER-CED'ED,£p. Mediated; interposed. IN-TER-CicD'ENT, a. Passing between ; mediating ; plead ing for. IN-TER-CeDER, n. One who intercedes or interposes b» tween parties to effect a reconciliation ; a mediator ; as IN-TER-C£DTNG.£pr. Mediating; pleading. IN-TER-CEL'LU-LAR, a. Lying between the cells or ele- mentary bladders, as of plants. — P. Cyc. IN-TER-CEPT', v. t. [Fr. intercepter.] 1. To take or seiz« on by the way ; to stop on its passage. 2. To obstruct , to stop in progress. 3. To stop, as a course or passing 4. To cut oft' or interrupt communication with, or progress toward. 5. To take, include, or comprehend between. IN-TER-CEPT'ED, pp. or a. Taken on the way ; seized in progress ; stopped ; included or comprehended between. IN-TER-CEPT'ER, u. One who intercepts. IN-TER-CEPTTNG, ppr. Seizing on its passage ; hindering from proceeding ; comprehending between. IN-TER-CEP'TfON, n. The act of seizing something on it* passage ; a stopping ; obstruction of a course or proceed- ing; hinderance. IN-TER-CES'SION, n. [L. intcrccssio.] 1. The act of inter- ceding; mediation; interposition between parties at va- riance, with a view to reconciliation. 2. Prayer or solic- itation to one party in favor of another ; sometimes against another. IN-TER-CES'SION-AL (-sesh'un-al), a. Containing intercea- sion or entreaty. — En cyc. IN-TER-CES'SOR, n. [L.] 1. A mediator ; one who inter- poses between parties at variance, with a view to recon- cile them ; one who pleads in behalf of another. 2. A bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the bishopric till a successor is elected. IN-TER-CES-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an intercessor. IN-TER-CES'SO-RY, a. Containing intercession ; interced- ing; mediatorial. IN-TER-CHaIN', v. t. To chain ; to link together. IN-TER-CHIIN.ED', pp. Chained together. IN-TER-CHIIN'ING, ppr. Chaining or fastening together. IN-TER-CHaNgE', v. t. 1. To put each in the place of ths other ; to give and take mutually ; to exchange ; to recip- rocate. 2. To succeed alternately, or to cause alternation — Sidney. IN'TER-CHaNgE, n. 1. Mutual change, each giving and re- ceiving ; exchange; permutation of commodities ; barter. 2. Alternate succession ; as, the interchange of light and darkness. 3. A mutual giving and receiving ; reciprocation IN-TER-CHaNOE'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be interchanged , that may be given and taken mutually. 2. Following each other in alternate succession, as the seasons. IN-TER-CHINGE'A-BLE-NESS, ? n. The state of being in- IN-TER-CHXNgE-A-BIL'I-TY, 5 terchangeable. IN-TER-CHaN6E'A-BLY, adv. Alternately ; by reciproca- tion ; in a manner by which each gives and receives. IN-TER-CHa.NG.ED' (in-ter-chanjd'), pp. Mutually exchan* ed ; reciprocated. IN-TER-CHaNgE'MENT, n. Exchange ; mutual transfer — Shah. [Little used.] IN-TER-CHaNG'ING, ppr. or a. Mutually giving and re- ceiving ; taking each other's place successively ; recipro- cating. IN-TER-CHAP'TER, n. An interpolated chapter. IN-TER-CI'DENT, a. [L. intercido.] Falling or coming be- tween. — Boyle. IN-TER-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. inter cipiens.] Intercepting; seiz- ing by the way ; stopping. IN-TER-CIP'I-ENT, n. He~or that which intercepts or stops on the passage. — Wiseman. IN-TER-CISJON, n. [L. intercido.] Interruption. [Rare.] IN-TER-CLuDE', v. t. [L. intercludo.] 1. To shut from a place or course by something intervening; to intercept 2. To cut off ; to interrupt. IN-TER-€LuD'ED, pp. Intercepted ; interrupted. IN-TER-€LuD'ING, ppr. Interrupting. IN-TER-CLU'SJON, n. Interception ; a stopping. IN-TER-CO-LUM-NI-A'TION, n. [L. inter and celumna.] In architecture, the clear space between two columns. IN-TER-€OM'MON, v. i. [inter and common.] 1. To feed at the same table. 2. To graze cattle in a common pasture ; to use a common with others. IN-TER-GOM'MON-AGE, n. Mutual commonage —Robert*. IN-TER-€QM'MON-ING, ppr. Feeding at the san.e table, or using a common pasture ; enjoying a common field with others. IN-TER-COM-Mu'NI-CA-BLE, a. That may be mutually communicated. Byl.L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K : (1 as J : S3 as Z; cH as SH ; TH as in this. { Obsolete iNT 552 INT iN lER-CUM-MuNI-CiTE, v. i. To communicate mutu- ally ; to hold mutual ;ommunication. N-TEP-COM-MU-NI-CVTION, n. Reciprocal communi- catia i. IN-TER-COM-MuNTON, n. Mutual communion.— Rafter. INT ER-COM-Mu'NITY, n. A mutual communication or comumnity. INTER-COSTAL, a. [Fr.] Lying between the ribs. INTER-COSTAL, n. A part lying between the ribs. INTERCOURSE, n. [L. intercursus.] 1. Connection by re- ciprocal dealings between persons or nations. 2. Silent communication or exchange ; as, " intercourse of looks and smiles." Milton. — Syn. Communication ; commerce ; communion; fellowship; familiarity; acquaintance. tlN-TER-GQR', v. i. [L. intercurro.) To intervene ; to come in the mean time. — Shelton. INTER-CUR'RENCE, n. [L. intercurrens.] A passing or running between. — Boyle. !N-TER-€UR'RENT, a. [L. intercurrens.] 1. Running be- tween or among. — Boyle. 2. Occurring; intervening. — Barrow. INTER-CUTa'NE-OUS, a. Being within or under the skin. t IN'TER-DeAL, n. Mutual dealing ; traffic. INTER-BEN'TIL, n. The space between two dentils.— Gwilt. INTER-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. Mutual dependence. IN-TER-DE-PEND'ENT, a. Mutually dependent. IN-TER-DICT', v. t. [L. interdico.] 1. To place under an in- terdict or prohibition. 2. To debar communion ; to cut off from the enjoyment of communion with a church. — Syn. To forbid ; prohibit ; inhibit ; proscribe. 1NTER-DICT, n. [L. interdiction.] 1. Prohibition ; a pro- hibiting order or decree. 2. A prohibition of the pope by which the clergy are restrained from performing divine service ; a species of ecclesiastical censure. 3. A prohibi- tion of the pope by which persons are restrained from at- tending divine service, or prevented from enjoying some privilege. IN-TER-DI€T'ED, pp. or a. Forbidden ; prohibited. INTER-DICTTNG, ppr. Forbidding; prohibiting; cutting off from the enjoyment of some privilege. rN-TER-DI€TION, n. [L. interdictio.] The act of interdict- ing ; prohibition ; prohibiting decree ; curse. — Milton. INTER-DICT'lVE, a. Having power to prohibit.— Milton. IN-TER-DICT'O-RY, a. Serving to prohibit. flNTER-E-QUI-NOCTIAL, a. [inter and equinox.] Com- ing between the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. tIN TER-ESS, for interest, is obsolete. J.NTER-EST, v. t. [Fr. mteresser.] 1. To concern; to affect; to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but some- times against a person or thing. 2. To give a share in. 3. To have a share in. 4. To engage. — "To interest one's self, is to take a share or concern in. IN'TER-EST, w. 1. Concern; advantage; good. 2. Influ- ence over others. 3. Share ; portion ; part ; participation in value. 4. Regard to private profit. 5. Premium paid for the use of money, often called simple interest, in dis- tinction from compound interest, which is interest upon interest. 6. Any addition or increase of benefit or injury ; as, to repay kindness or wrong with interest. /NTER-EST-ED, pp. 1. Made a sharer. 2. Affected; moved; having the passions excited. 3. a. Having an in- terest ; concerned in a cause or in consequences ; liable to be affected. INTER-EST-1NG, ppr. 1. Giving a share or concern. 2. Engaging the affections. 3. a. Engaging the attention or curiosity : exciting emotiDns or passions. INTER-Fa'CIAL (-fa'shal), a. Included between two faces ; as, the intcrfacial angles of a crystal. INTER-FeRE', v. i. [L. inter and fero.] 1. To interpose ; to intermeddle ; to enter into or take a part in the con- cerns of others. 2. To clash ; to come in collision ; to be in opposition. 3. A horse is said to interfere, when one hoot or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg, and breaks the skin or injures the flesh. INTER-FeR^ED',^. 1. Interposed; meddled. 2. Clashed. ./• ^ uc t one f °ot against the fetlock of the opposite leg. N- 1 EK-FeR'ENCE, n. 1. Interposition ; an intermeddling ; mediation. 2. A clashing or collision. 3. A striking of one foot against the other.— 4. In optics, a term employed to denote certain phenomena which result from the mu- tual action of the rays of light on each other N-TER FePc'ER, n. One who interferes. IN-TER-FeRTNG, ppr. 1. Interposing ; meddling. 2. Clash- ing ; coming in collision. 3. Striking one foot against the fetlock of the opposite leg. IN-TER-FeRING, n. Interference.—^. Butler IN-TER-FeR'ING-LY, ad.v. By interference INTERTLU-ENT, 1 a. [L. interjluo.] Flowing between — lN-TER'FLU-OUS, ] Boyle. & INTER-FO-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. inter and folium.] Being between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with them IN-TER-Fo'LI-aTE, v. t. To interleave.— Evelyn. INTER-FUL'6ENT. a. [L. inter and fulgens.] Shining be- tween. — Johnson. INTER-FuSED' (in-ter-fuzd'). a. [L. interfusus.] Poured or spread between. — Milton. INTER-IM, n. r L.] 1. The mean time ; time intervening.— 2. In history, a decree, issued as a temporary measure, by the Emperor Charles V. of Germany, designed to reduce to harmony the conflicting opinions of the Protestants ana Roman Catholics. — Brande. IN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Internal ; being within any limits, inclosure, or substance ; inner ; opposed to exterior. 2. In- land ; remote from the limits, frontier, or shore. IN-Te'PJ-OR, n. 1. The internal part of a thing ; the inside 2. The inland part of a country, state, or kingdom. IN-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Internally; inwardly. — Donne. IN-TER-JI'CEN-C Y, n. [L. interjacens.] 1. A lying between ; a being between; intervention. 2. That which lies be- tween ; [little used.] IN-TER-Ja'CENT, a. [L. interjacent.] Lying or being be- tween ; intervening. — Raleigh. IN-TER-JECT', v. t. [L. interjicio.] To throw between , to throw in between other things ; to insert. IN-TER-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown in or inserted between. INTER-JEGTTNG, ppr. Throwing or inserting between. IN-TER-JEC'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing between. 2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in between words connected in construction, to express some emo- tion or passion. See Exclamation. IN-TER-JEC'TION-AL, a. Thrown in between other words or phrases. — Observer. IN-TER-JOIN', v. t. To join mutually ; to intermarry. [Lit- tle used.] IN-TER- JOINED', pp. Mutually joined. INTER-JOINTNG, ppr. Joining mutually. IN'TER-JOIST, n. The space or interval between two joists. — Gwilt. INTER-JUNCTION, n. A mutual joining.— Smart. IN-TER-KNIT' (-nit/), v. t. To knit together.— Southey. INTER-KNoWL'EDaE, n. Mutual knowledge. [Rare.] IN-TER-LaCE', v. t. [Fr. entrelacer.] To intermix; to put or insert_one thing with another. IN-TER-LaCSD' (ih-ter-lasf), pp. Intermixed ; inserted between other things. < IN-TER-LaCE'MENT, n. Intermixture cr insertion within. IN-TER-LaC'ING. ppr. Intermixing; inserting between. IN-TER-LAM'IN-A-TED, a. [L. inter and lamfna.] Placed between laminae or plates ; inclosed by lamina?. — Humble. IN-TER-LAPSE' (in-ter-laps'), n. The lapse or flow of time between two events. INTER-LaRD', v. t. [Fr. entrelarder.] 1. Primarily, to mix fat with lean ; hence, to interpose ; to insert between. 2. To mix ; to diversify by mixture. — Hale. INTER-LXRD'ED, pp. Interposed ; inserted between ; mixed. INTER-LaRDTNG, ppr. Inserting between ; intermixing. IN-TEPi-LaY', v. t. To lay or place among or between. IN'TER-LeAF, n. A leaf inserted between other leaves ; a blank leaf inserted. — Chesterfield. IN-TER-LEAVE', v. t. To insert a leaf; to insert a blank leaf or blank leaves in a book, between other leaves. INTER-LEAVED' (in-ter-leevd'), pp. or a. Inserted be- tween leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between other leaves. INTER-LeAVTNG, ppr. Inserting blank leaves between other leaves. LNTER-LINE', v. t. 1. To write in alternate lines. 2. To write between lines already written or printed. IN-TER-LIN'E-AR, \a. Written between lines before IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, $ written or printed. IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, n. A book having insertions between the leaves. — Milton. INTER-LIN-E-ITION, n. [inter and Ibieation.] 1. The act of inserting words or lines between lines before written or jirinted. 2. The words, passage, or line inserted be- tween lines before written or printed. INTER-LIN E D' (in-ter-lind'), pp. or a. 1. Written between lines. 2^ Containing a line or lines written between lines. INTER-LlNTNG, ppr. Writing between lines already writ- ten or printed. IN-TER-LiN'ING, n. Correction or alteration by writing between the lines. — Burnet. IN-TER-LINK', v. t. To connect by uniting links » to join one chain to another. — Dry den. IN-TER-LINK.ED' (in-ter-linkf), pp. Connected by union of links ; joined. INTER-LINRTNG, ppr. Connecting by uniting links ; joining, INTER-LOBTJ-LAR, a. Being between .\coes.— Hall. IN-TER-LO-€a'TION, n. A placing between ; interpositic^i. INTER-LOCK, v. i. To embrace, communicate with, or flow into one another. INTER-LO-CtJTION, n. [L. interlocrutio l I. Dialogue conference; interchange of speech.- -2. n t»w, an into* mediate act or decree before final dec^i^n. * See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— a, E, i, Sec, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MAR i NE, BiRL , M W B^OK, INT 553 INT IN-TER-L0CU-TOR, n. [L. interloquor.] 1. One who speaks in dialogue ; a dialogist. — 2. In Scots law, an inter- locutory judgment or sentence. IN-TER-LOC'U-TO-RY, a. [Fr. interlocutoire.] 1. Consist- ing of dialogue. — 2. In law, intermediate ; not final or de- finitive; as, an interlocutory decision, i. e., one given on some point in the progress of a cause, without deciding the final issue. IN-TER-LoPE', v. i. [inter, and D. loopen.] To run between parties, and intercept without right the advantage that one should gain from the other; to traffic without a proper hcense : to forestall ; to prevent right. IN-TER-LoP'ER, n. One who runs into business to which he has no right ; one who interferes wrongfully ; one who enters a country or place to trade without license ; an in- truder. IN-TER-LoP'ING, ppr. Interfering wrongfully. f IN-TER-Lu'€ITE, v. t. To let in light by cutting away branches of trees. IN-TER-LO'Ca-TED, pp. Divested of branches, so as to let in light. IN-TER-Lu'Ca-TING, ppr. Letting in light by cutting away branches. t IN-TER-LU-Oa'TION, n. The act of thinning a wood to let in light.— Evelyn. IN-TER-LU'CENT, a. [L. interlucens.] Shining between. IN'TER-LuDE, n. [L. inter and Indus.] An entertainment exhibited on the stage, between the acts of a play, or be- tween the play and the after-piece. — In ancient tragedy, the chorus sung the inlei-ludes. INTER-LuD-ED, a. Inserted, or made as an interlude. IN'TER-LuD-ER, n. One who performs in an interlude. IN-TER-LU'EN-CY, n. [L. interluens.] A flowing between ; water interposed. — Hale. [Little used.} IN-TER-Lu'NAR, la. [L. inter and luna.] Belonging to IN-TER-Lu'NA-RY, j the time when the moon, at or near its conjunction with the sun. is invisible. — Milton. IN-TER-MAR'RIAGE (in-ter-mar'ridje), n. Marriage be- tween two families, where each takes one and gives an- other. — Addison. EN-TER-MAR'RIjBD (-mar'rid), pp. Mutually connected by marriage. IN-TER-MAR'RY, v. i. 1. To marry one and give another in marriage, as two families. 2. To marry some of each order, family, tribe, or nation with the other. IN-TER-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiving hi marriage ; mutually connecting by marriage. IN-TER-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. Being between the cheek bones. \ IN'TER-MeAN, n. [inter and mean.] Interact; something done in the mean time. — Todd. f IN-TER-ME-A'TION, n. A flowing between. IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. i. To meddle in the affairs of others ; to meddle officiously ; to interpose or interfere improperly. TN-TER-MED'DL£D, pp. Intruded. IN-TER-MED'DLER, n. One who interposes officiously ; one who intermeddles. — Swift. IN-TER-MED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiously. iN-TEIt-.MED'DLING, n. Officious interposition. IN-TER-MEDE' (-made'), Hit] n. An interlude; a short [N-TER-MEZ'ZO (-med'zo).$ musical dramatic piece, us- ually of a burlesque character. IN-TER-MK'DI-A-CY, n. Interposition ; intervention. [Un- authorized.] IN-TER-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. inter and medius.] Lying between ; intervening ; intervenient. — Evelyn. IN-TER-Me'DI-A-RY, a. 1. Lying between ; intermediate ; as, an intermediary prospect. — Wade. [Sometimes, though rarely, used as a noun.] — 2. In mineralogy, a term applied to the secondary planes on crystals, intermediate in posi- tion between the planes on an edge and those on an angle. N-TER-Me'DI-ATE, a. [Fr. interm,ediat.] Lying or being in the middle place or degree between two extremes ; in- tervening; interposed. IN-TER-Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. By way of intervention. IN-TER-ME-DI-a'TION, n. Intervention ; common means. IN-TER-Me'DI-UM, n. 1. Intermediate space.— Ash. 2. An intervening agent. — Cowper. IN-TER-MELL', v. t. or i. [Fr. entremeler.] To intermix or intermeddle. — Fisher. ftJ-TER'MENT, n. The act of depositing a dead body in the earth. — Syn. Burial ; burying ; inhumation ; sepulture ; funeral. tlN-TER-MEN'TION, v. t. To mention anions other things. IN-TER-MI-€a'TION, n. [L. intermico.] A shining between or among. JN-TER-MI-GRaTION, n. Reciprocal migration ; removal from one country to another. rN-Ti" ^JNITN-A-BLE, a. [L. in and terminus.] Admitting no limit. Milton applies it to the Deity, as one whom no bound can confine. — Syn. Boundless ; endless ; limitless ; illimit- able ; immeasurable ; infinite ; unbounded ; unlimited. tfi-TERM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being interminable ; endlessness. IN-TERMIN-A-BLY, adv. Without end or limit IN-TERM'IN-ATE, a. [L. interminatus.] Unbounded ; un limited ; endless. — Chapman. t IN-TERM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. intcrminor.] To menace. IN-TERM-IN-aTION, n. [L. intcrminor.] A menace o threat.— Hall. IN-TER-MIN"GLE, v. t. To mingle or mix together ; to pu* some things with others.— .Hooter. IN-TER-MIN"GLE, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated IN-TER-MIN"GL£D, pp. or a. Intermixed.— Pope. IN-TER-MIN"GLING, ppr. Mingling or mixing together. IN-TER-MIS'SION, n. [L. intermissio.] 1. Cessation for a time; intermediate or temporary discontinuance. 2. In tervenient time.—Shdk. 3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever; the space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Intermission is an entire cessa- tion, as distinguished from remission or abatement of dis- ease. 4. The state of being neglected ; disuse, as of words; [little used.] — Syn. Interruption ; interval ; pause ; stop ; rest. IN-TER-MIS'SiVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary cessations ; not continual. — Howell. IN-TER-MIT', v. t. [L. intermitto.] To cause to cease for a time ; to interrupt ; to suspend. IN-TER-MIT', v. i. To cease for a time ; to go off at inter- vals, as a fever. IN-TER-MITTED, pp. or a. Caused to cease for a time. IN-TER-MITTENT, a. Ceasing at intervals. IN-TER-MITTENT, n. A term applied to any disease that entirely ceases at certain intervals, and then returns again ; but particularly applied to the ague and fever. IN-TER-M1TTING, ppr. or a. 1. Ceasing for a time ; paus- ing. 2. Causing to cease. IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. With intermissions. IN-TER-MIX', v. t. To mix together ; to put some things with others ; to intermingle. — Milton. IN-TER-MIX', v. i. To be mixed together; to be inter- mingled. IN-TER-MIX.ED' (in-ter-mixf), pp. Mingled together. IN-TER-MIXTNG, ppr. Intermingling. IN-TER-MIX'TURE, n. 1. A mass formed by mixture ; a mass of ingredients mixed. 2. Admixture ; something additional mingled in a mass. IN-TER-MO-DIL'LION (-mo-dil'yun), n. In architecture, the space between two modillions. — Elmes. IN-TER-MONTANE, a. Between mountains. IN-TER-MUN'DANE, a. [L. inter and munda.nus.] Being between worlds, or between orb and orb. IN-TER-Mu'RAL, a. Lying between walls. — Ainsworth. IN-TER-MUS'€U-LAR, a. Between the muscles. IN-TER-MU-TA'TION, n. Interchange ; mutual change. IN-TER-Mu'TU-AL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word. IN-TERN', a. Internal.— Howell. [Not much used.] IN-TERN'AL, a. [L. internus.] 1. Inward; interior; being within any limit or surface ; not external. 2. Pertaining to the heart. 3. Intrinsic; real; as, internal rectitude of actions. — Rogers. 4. Within a country ; domestic ; op- posed to foreign ; as, internal improvements. LN-TERN'AL-LY, adv. 1. Inwardly ; within the body ; be- neath the surface. 2. Mentally ; intellectually. 3. Spirit- ually. IN-TER-Na'TION-AL, [See * National.] a. [inter and na- tional.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourse betweendifferent nations. — Baring. IN-TER-NE'ClNE, a. [L. internccinus.] Deadly. [ Unusual.] 1N-TER-Ne'CION (-ter-ne'shun), n. [L. internccio.] Mutual slaughter or destruction. — Hale. [Little used.] IN-TER-NE'CIVE, a. Killing ; tending to kill.— Carlisle. IN-TER-NEC'TION, n. Connection.— W.Montagu. [Bad.] IN'TER-NODE, n. [L. internodium.] 1. In botany, the space between two joints of a plant — Martyn. 2. Also, the space between two points of the stem from which the leaves arise. — Lindley. IN-TER-No'DI-AL, a. Intervening between nodes, joints, n. [L. inter nuncius.] 1. A messenger IN-TER-NUN'CIUS, J between two parties.— Johnson. 2. The title of the pope's representative at republics and small courts ; and, also, of the Austrian embassador at Constan- tinople.— Encyc. Am. IN-TER-OS'SE-AL, \ a. [L. inter and os.] Situated between IN-TER-OS^SE-OUS, 5 bones, t IN-TER-PeAL', v. t. [L. interpellx).] To interrupt t IN-TER-PEL', v. i. To set forth.— Ben Jonson. IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. interpellation 1. A summons ; a citation. 2. Interruption. 3. An earnest address ; in- tercession. IN-TER-PEN'E-TRaTE, v. t. To penetrate between other substances. — Shelly. — Bidwer. IN-TER-PEN'E-TR,A-TED,^. Peaetrated within or between. IN-TER-PET'I-O-LAR, a. Being between petioles IN-TER-PI-LASTER, n. The interval between two pilas- ters. —Elmes. DOVE — BULL, UNITE :— AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; SasZ; cH as SH ; TH as in this. A Obsolete. INT 554 INT IN J iZVL-i Li 4.r , p. i. In law, to discuss a point incidental- ly lapp ming, before the principal cause can be tried. IN-T r £J?.-i LEADER, n. A bill of interpleader, in chancery, is Adiers a person owes a debt or rent to one of the par- ties in f.uit, but, till the determination of it, he knows not to whi'ih. IN TFR 'PLEDGE' (in-ter-plej'), v. t. To give and take as a muUaJ pledge.— Davenant. IN-rER-PLEDGKED', pp. Given and taken as a mutual pled i$e. lN-TL.:i-PLED. Put in between other things. IN-TER-SERTING, ppr. Puttins in between other things. IN-TER-SER'TION, n. An insertion, or thir.g inserted be- tween other things. — Hammond. IN'TER-SPaCE, n. A space between other things. — Hackct. IN-TER-SPERSE' (in-ter-spers'), v. t. [L. infjrspersus.] To scatter or set here and there among other things. IN-TER-SPERS^D' (in-ter-spersf), pp. Scattered or situa- ted here and there among other things. IN-TER-SPERS'ING, ppr. Scattering here and there among other things. IN-TER-SPEP/SION, n. The act of scattering or setting here and there among other things. IN-TER-STEL'LAR, \a. [L.inter tmd Stella.] Situated be- IN-TER-STEL'LA-RY, 5 yond the solar system, or E.vr.»ong the stars. — Bacon. * IN'TER-STICE or IN-TER'STlCE, n. [Fr., from L. tnte» See. Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, e, i, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;- PREY ;— MARINE, Bt RD ;— Mc5 VE, BOOK, TNT 555 INT stttium.] 1. A space between things ; but chiefly, a nar- row or small space between things closely set, or the parts which compose a body. 2. Time between one act and another.— Ayliffe. t IN-TER-STINCTl VE, a. Distinguishing.— Wallis. IN-TER-STTTIAL (-stish'al), a. Pertaining to or containing interstices. IN-TER-STRAT'1-Fi.ED (-strafe-fide), a. Stratified among or betweeu other bodies. — Encyc. MN-TER-TALK' (in-ter-tawk'), v. i. To exchange conver- sation. IN-TER-TAN"GLE, v. t. To intertwist ; to entangle. IN-TER-TEX'TBRE, n. [L. intertextus.] The act of inter- weaving, or the state of things interwoven. INTER-TIE, In. In carpentry, a short, horizontal tim- INTER DUCE, ) ber, framed between two posts in order to tie them together. — Brande. IN-TER-TIS'StLED, a Wrought with joint tissue— Everest. IN-TER-TRAN-SPIC'U-OUS, a. Transpicuous within or be- tween. IN-TER-TROP'IC-AL, a. Situated between the tropics. IN-TER-TWiNE', v. t. To unite by twining or twisting one with another. — Milton. INTERTWINED' (in-ter-twind'), pp. Twined or twisted one with another. IN-TER-TWiNTNG, ppr. Twining one with another. INTERTWlNTNG-LY, adv. By intertwining or being in- tertwined. IN-TER-TWIST', v. t. To twist one with another. IN-TER-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted one with another. INTERTWISTING, ppr- Twisting one with another. IN-TER-TWISTING-LY, adv. By intertwisting or being in- tertwisted. lN'TER-VAL, n. [Fr. intervalle ; L. intervallum.] 1. A space between things ; a void space intervening between any two objects. 2. Space of time between any two points or events. 3. The space of time between two paroxysms of disease, pain, or delirium ; remission. 4. The distance between two given sounds in music, or the difference in point of gravity or acuteness. 5. A tract of low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of rivers, usually alluvial land on rivers.— Hutchinson. IN-TER- VEIN-ED' (-vand), a. Intersected as with veins. IN-TER-VeNE', v. i. [L. intervenio.] 1. To come or be be- tween persons or things ; to be situated between. 2. To come between points of time or events. 3. To happen in a way to disturb, cross, or interrupt. 4. To interpose or under takevoluntarily for another. t INTER- VeNE', n. A coming between ; intervention. — Wotton. IN-TER- VeNTENT, a. Coming or being between; inter- cedent ; interposed. — Bacon. [Little used.] IN-TER- VeN'ING, ppr. or a. Coming or being between per- sons or thing, or between points of time ; intermediate. INTER-VENTION, n. [L. intervention 1. A state of coming or being between; interposition. 2. Agency of persons between persons ; interposition ; mediation ; any inter- ference that may affect the interests of others. 3. Agen- cy of means or instruments. 4. Interposition in favor of another ; a voluntary undertaking of one party for an- other. INTER- VEN'TOR, n. [L.] A person selected anciently by a church to mediate in differences, and unite contending parties. \ IN-TER- VEN'UE, ra. [Fr. intervenu.] Interposition. IN-TER- VERT, v. t. [L. interverto.] To turn to another course or to another use. — Wotton. [Little used.] IN-TER- VER'TE-BRAL, a. Being between the vertebrae. INTER- VIEW (in'ter-vfi), n. [inter and view.] A mutual sight or view ; a meeting ; a conference or mutual com- munication of thoughts. iN-TER-VIS'I-BLE, a. In surveying, an epithet applied to stations which are mutually visible, or can be seen the one from the other. IN-TER-VOLVE' (in-ter-volv'), v. t. [L. intervolvo.] To in- volve one within another. — Milton. IN-TER-VOLV£D' (in-ter-volvd'), pp. Involved one within another ; wrapped together. TNTER-VOLV'ING, ppr. Involving one within another. IN-TER-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. interwove ; pp. interwoven. 1. To weave together ; to intermix or unite in texture or construction. 2. To intermix ; to set among or together. 3. To intermingle ; to insert together. INTERWEAVING, #pr. Weaving togetlfcr IN-TER- WEAVING, n. Intertexture.— Mitam. IN-TER- WISH', v. t. To wish mutually to each other. [Little used.] IN-TER- WISHED' (-wishtf), #p. Wished mutually. 'N-TER-WORK'ING, n. The act of working together. IN-TER Wo VE', pret. of interweave. Milton uses it for inter- woven. NTERWoVEN, pp. or a. Woven together ; intermixed ; intermingled. IN-TER- WReATHjED' (in-ter-reefb.d'), a. Woven in . t wreath. IN-TESTA-BLE, a. [L.intestabilis.] Not capable of making a will ; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a test* ment. IN-TEST' A-CY, n. The state of dying without making will or disposing of one's effects. IN-TEST'ATE, a. [Fr. intestat ; L. intestatus.] 1. Dyinp without having made a will. 2. Not devised ; not dia posed of by will. IN-TEST'ATE, n. A person who dies without making a will. — Blackslone. IN-TES'TIN-AL, a. Pertaining to the intestines of an animas body. — Arbuthnot. INTESTIN-A'LI-A, n.pl. A class of animals which infest the interior of the bodies, and especially the intestinal canal of other animals. — Brande. INTESTINE, a. [Fr. intestin ; L. intestinus.] 1. Internal : inward ; opposed to external ; [applied to the human or other animal body.] 2. Interna] with regard to a state or country ; domestic, not foreign ; as, intestine feuds. This word is usually or always applied to evils. INTESTINE, n. ; usually in the plural, Intestines. The bowels ; a muscular canal or tube extending from the stomach to the anus. INTEXTUR.ED, a. Inwrought; woven in. t IN-THiRST' (-thursf), v. t. To make thirsty.— Bp. Hall. INTHRALL', v. t. [in and thrall.] To enslave ; to reduce to bondage or servitude ; to shackle. IN-THRALL.ED' (in-thrawld'), pp. or a. Enslaved ; reduced to servitude. IN-THRALLTNG,.ppr. Enslaving. INTHRALL'MENT, n. Servitude ; slavery ; bondage. Milton. IN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To seat on a throne ; to raise to roy- alty or supreme dominion. [See Enthrone.] 2. To in- duct a bishop into a vacant see. t INTHRoN-I-ZaTION, n. The act of enthroning, or state of being enthroned. t INTHRoN'lZE, v. t. To enthrone. IN'TI-MA-CY, n. Close familiarity or fellowship ; nearness in friendship. — Rogers. IN'TI-MATE, a. [L. intimus.] 1. Inmost ; inward ; internal. 2. Near ; close. 3. Close in friendship or acquaintance ; familiar. IN'TI-MATE, n. A familiar friend or associate ; one to whom the thoughts of another are intrusted without re- serve. t IN'TI-MITE, v. i. To share together.— Spenser. IN'TI-MaTE, v. t. [Fr. intimer.] To hint ; to suggest ob- scurely, indirectly, or not very plainly ; to give slight no- tice of IN'TI-Ma-TED, pp. Hinted ; slightly mentioned or signified. IN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Closely ; with close intermixture and union of parts. 2. Closely ; with nearness of friend- ship or alliance. 3. Familiarly ; particularly. lN'TI-MA-TING,#pr. Hinting; suggesting. IN-TI-Ma'TION, n. [Fr.] Hint ; an obscure or indirect sug- gestion or notice ; a declaration or remark communicating imperfect information. t IN'TIME, a. [L. intimus.] Inward ; internal. — Digby. IN-TIM'I-DXTE, v. t. [Fr. intimider.] To make fearful ; to inspire with fear. — Syn. To dishearten ; dispirit ; abash ; ; deter; frighten; terrify. IN-TIM'I-Dl-TED, pp. Made fearful ; abashed. IN-TIM'I-Da-TING, ppr. Making fearful; abashing. IN-TIM-I-Da'TION, n. The act of making fearful ; the state of being abashed. IN-TINC-TIV'I-TY, n. The want of the quality of coloring or tinging other bodies. — Kirwan. INTIRE'LY \ See Entire ancl its derivatives. IN-TITLE. ' See Entitle. INTO, prep, [in and to.] 1. Noting entrance or a passing from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows verbs expressing motion ; as, to go into a house. 2. Not- ing penetration beyond the outside or surface, or access to it ; as, to see into a subject. 3. Noting insertion ; as, to put a leaf into a book. 4. Noting mixture ; as, to put sev- eral things into composition. 5. Noting inclusion ; as, to put a thought into language. 6. Noting the passing of a thing from one form or state to another ; as, to be led into error. IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.,from L. intolerable.] 1. Not to be borne ; that can not be endured ; insupportable. 2. In sufferable ; not to be allowed. IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not tol- erable or sufferable. IN-TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. IN-TOL'ER-ANCE, n. 1. Want of capacity to endure.— Brande. 2. Want of toleration , the not enduring at all, or not suffering to exist without persecution. INTOL'ER-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Not enduring ; not able to en D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE ;—AN"GER, VI'CIOUS.— € as K; d as J; S as Z; cH as SH; TH ts in this t QbsoleU. *-NT 556 INT aiir« I Not enduring difference of opinion or worship ; refusing to tolerate others. {N-TOI'EJ ANT, n. One who does not favor toleration. INTOL/ER-ANT-LY, adv. In an intolerant manner. INTOL'ER-a-TED, a. Not endured ; not tolerated. INTOL-ER-a'TION, n. Intolerance ; refusal to tolerate others in their opinions or worship. INToMB' (in-toom'), v. t. To deposit in a tomb ; to bury. INToMBPD' (in-toomd'), pp. or a. Deposited in a tomb ; buried. IN-TOMB'ING (in-toom'ing), ppr. Depositing in a tomb. INT O-NITE, v. i. [L. intonatus.] 1. To sound ; to sound the notes of the musical scale. 2. To thunder. IN-TO-Na'TION, n. 1. In music, the action of sounding the notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order of musical tones. 2. The manner of sounding or tuning the notes of a musical scale. — 3. In speaking, the modula- tion of the voice in expression. IN-T5NE', v. i. [L. intono.] To utter a sound, or a deep, protracted sound.— Pope. IN-TOR'SION, n. [L. intorsum.] A winding, bending, or twisting in any particular direction. — In botany, the bend- ing or twining of any part of a plant out of a vertical di- rection. IN-TORT', v. t. [L. intortus.] To twist ; to wreath ; to wind ; to wring. — Pope. W-TORTED, pp. Twisted ; made winding.— Pope. INTORT1NG, ppr. Winding; twisting. IN TO' TO. [L.] Wholly; entirely. JN-TOX'I-GaTE, v. t. [in and L. toxicum.] 1. To inebri- ate ; to make drank, as with spirituous liquor. 2. To ex- cite the spirits to a kind of delirium ; to elate to enthusi- asm, frenzy, or madness ; to infatuate. IN-TOX'I-GATE, a. Inebriated.— J. Montgomery. IN-TOX'1-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Inebriated ; made drunk ; ex- cited to frenzy. INTOX'I-GITED-NESS, n. State of intoxication. 1N-TOX'I-€a-TING, ppr. 1. Inebriating ; elating to excess or frenzy. 2. a. Having qualities that produce inebriation. IN-TOX-1-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of making drunk ; the state of being drunk ; an extraordinary exhilaration, with imperfect articulation and inability to regulate voluntary motion. — 2. Figuratively, a high excitement of mind ; an elation which rises to enthusiasm, frenzy, or madness. — Syn. Inebriation ; inebriety ; ebriety ; drunkenness ; in- fatuation ; delirium. INTRAGT'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabilis.] 1. Not to be gov- erned or managed. 2. Not to be taught. — Syn. Stubborn ; perverse ; obstinate ; refractory ; cross ; unmanageable ; unruly ; headstrong ; violent ; ungovernable ; indocile ; unteachable. INTRAGT'A-BLE-NESS, \ n. 1. The quality of being un- INTRAGT-A-BILITY, J governable ; obstinacy ; per- verseness. 2. Indocility. * INTRAGT'A-BLY, adv. In a perverse, stubborn manner. IN-TRa'DOS, n. The interior and lower line or curve of an arch. — Brande. IN-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. intra and folium.] In bot- any, growing on the inside of a leaf. IN-TRaNCE*. See Entrance. INTRAN-QUIL'LI-TY, n. Unquietness ; want of rest. IN-TRAN'SIENT (-shent), a. Not transient; not passing suddenly away.— Killingbeck. INTRANSITIVE, a. [L. intransitivus.] In grammar, an intransitive verb is one which expresses an action or state that is limited to the agent, or, in other words, an action that does not pass over to, or operate upon, an object. IN-TRANSI-TIVE-LY, adv. Without an object following; in the manner of an intransitive verb. IN TRAN'SI-TU. [L.] In passing, or on the way out. IN-TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That can not be transmitted.— J. P. Smith. IN-TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being transmutable. — Ray. IN-TRANS-Mu'TA-BLE, a. That can not be transmuted or changed into another substance. — Ray. INTRANT, a. [L. intrans.} Entering ; making entrance. INTRfeAS'URE (in trezh'ur), v. t. To lay up as in a treas- ury.— Shale. [Little used.] IN-TRF. AT'FO L, a Full of entreaty.— Spenser. IN-TRENCH, v. t. [in, and Fr. trancker.] 1. To dig or cut a trench around a place, as in fortification ; to fortify with a ditch and parapet. 2. To furrow ; to make hollows in. —To intrench on, literally, to cut into ; hence, to invade to encroach ; to infringe. tIN-TRENCH'ANT, a. Not to be divided or wounded : in- divisible. — Shah. IN-TRENCHPD' (in-trenchtO, pp. Fortified with a ditch and parapet. [N-TRENCH'ING,7?pr. Fortifying with a trench and parapet INTRENCH MENT, n. 1. A trench ; a ditch and parapet for defense. Hence, 2. Figuratively, any defense or pro- tection. IN-TREPTD, a. *L. tntrepidus.] Not affected or influenced by fear. — Syn. Fearless ; undaunted ; daring , dauntless courageous ; bold ; valiant ; brave ; heroic. IN-TRE-PBDl-TY, n. [Fr. intrepidite.] Fearlessness; fear* less bravery in danger ; undaunted courage. IN-TREP'ID-LY, adv. Without trembling or shrinking from danger : fearlessly ; daringly ; resolutely. t INTRI-GA-BLE, a. Entanzlmg.—Shelton. IN'TRI-GA-CY, n. The state of being entangled ; perplexity; involution ; complication ; complexity. — Addison. INTRI-GATE, a. [L. intricatus.) Entangled ; involved ; perplexed ; complicated ; obscure. INTRI-GaTE, v. t. To perplex ; to make obscure. [Rare.} INTRICATE -LY, adv. With involution or infoldings , with perplexity or intricacy. — Wotton. IN'TRI-CATE-NESS, n. The state of being involved ; invo- lution ; complication : perplexity. — Sidney. t IN-TRI-Ga'TION, n. Entanglement. INTRIGUE' (in-treegO, n. [Fr. ; It. intrigo.] 1. A plot ot scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices. 2. The plot of a play or ro- mance. 3. A secret understanding or commerce of for- bidden love between two persons of different sexes.— Smart. 4. Intricacy; complication. — Hale ; [obs.] IN-TRl'GUE' (in-h-eegO, v. i. 1. To form a plot or scheme, usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose by secret artifices. 2. To cany on a commerce of for- bidden love. — Smart. t INTRIGUE' (in-treegO, v. t. To perplex or render intricate, INTRIGUER (in-treeg'er), n. One who intrigues ; one who forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices. INTRIGUING (in-treeging), ppr. 1. Forming secret plots or schemes. 2. a. Addicted to intrigue ; given to secret machinations. INTRlGUTNG-LY (in-treeging-ly), adv. With intrigue ; with artifice or secret machinations. t INTRIN'SE-GATE, a. Entangled ; perplexed. INTRIN'SIG, ~)a. [Fr. intrinseque; ~L.intrinsecns.\ 1. In- INTRIN'SI€-AL, 5 ward ; internal ; hence, true ; genu- ine ; real ; essential ; inherent ; not apparent or accident* aL 2. Intimate; closely familiar. — Wotton; [obs.] INTRIN'SIG-AL-LY, adv. Internally ; in its nature ; really ; truly. — South. INTB.O-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. A depression or sinking of parts inward.— Smart. IN-TRO-DuCE', v. t. [L. introduce.] 1. To lead or bring in ; to conduct or usher into a place. 2. To conduct and make known ; to bring to be acquainted. 3. To bring some- thing new into notice or practice. 4. To bring in ; to im- port, as foreign productions. 5 To produce ; to cause to exist. — Locke. 6. To begin ; to open to notice. 7. To bring before the public by writing or discourse. IN TRO-DuCPD' (in-tro-dust), pp. Led or conducted in ; brought in ; made acquainted ; imported. TN-TRO-DuC'ER, n. One who introduces ; one who con- ducts another to a place or person ; one who makes strangers known to each other. INTRO-DuC'ING, ppr. Conducting or bringing in; making known, as one stranger to another; bringing any thing into notice or practice. INTRO-DUCTION, n. [L. introduction 1. The action of conducting or ushering into a place. 2. The act of mak- ing persons known to each other. 3. The act of bringing into a country. 4. The act of bringing something into no- tice, practice, or use. 5. The part" of a book which pre- cedes the main work ; a preface or preliminary discourse 6. The first part of an oration or discourse, in which the speaker gives some general account of his design and sub- ject, as a preparation for what follows. INTRO-DUG'TlVE, a. Serving to introduce ; serving as the means to bring forward something. INTRO-DUGTlVE-LY, adv. In the way of introducing. t INTRO-DUGTOR, n. An introducer. INTRO-DUCTO-RI-LY, adv. By way of introduction. INTRO-DUGTO-RY, a. Serving to introduce something else ; previous ; prefatory ; prehminary ; preparatory. IN-TRO-FLEXPD' (-flekst), a. Flexed or bent inward. t INTRO-GRES'SION, n. [L. introgressio.] Entrance. INTROIT", n. [Fr. ; L. introitus.] In the Roman Catholic service, the entrance or beginning of the mass ; a passage of Scripture sung when the priest makes his entrance within the rails of the altar. — Wheatley. IN-TRO-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. [L. intromissus.] 1. The action of sending in. — 2. In Scottish law, an intermeddling with the effects of another. INTRO-MIT', v. t. [L. intromitto.] To send in ; to let in ; to admit. 2. To allow to enter ; to be the medium by which a thing enters. INTRO-MIT', v. i. In Scottish law, to intermeddle with the effects of another. INTRO-MITTED, pp. Allowed to enter. INTRO-MIT'TING, ppr. 1. Admitting. 2 l*vm*:(ldANT, a. [L. inundans.] Overflowing. 'N-UNTaTE, v. t. [L. inundatus.] 1. To spread over with a fiuid ; to cover with water ; as, the Nile inundates Egypt. — 2. Figuratively, to fill with an overflowing abundance superfluity ; as, to inundate a country with goods. — Si'jj To overflow ; deluge ; flood , drown ; overwhelm. IN-UNT)a-TED, pp. or a. Overflowed ; spread over with , fluid ; copiously supplied. IN-UN'Da-TING, ppr. Overflowing ; deluging ; spreading over. IN-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. inundatio.] 1. An overflow of wa ter or other fluid ; a flood ; a rising and spreading of watei over low grounds. 2. An oversoreading of any kind ; an overflowing or superfluous abundance. t IN-UN-DER-STAND'ING, a. Void of understanding. IN-UR-BaNE', a. Uncivil ; uncourteous ; unpolished. IN-UR-BiNE'LY, adv. Without urbamty. IN-UR-BaNE'NESS, n. Incivility. IN-UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Incivility ; rude, unpolished mannert or deportment ; want of courteousness. IN-URE' (in-yure'), v. t. [L. in and ure.] 1. To habituate ; to accustom ; to apply or expose in use or practice till use gives little or no pain or inconvenience, or makes littia impression. IN-URE', v. i. To pass in use ; to take or have effect ; to be applied ; to serve to the use or benefit of. IN-UR.ED' (in-yurd'), pp. Accustomed ; hardened by use. IN-URE'MENT. n. Use ; practice ; habit ; custom. IN-UR'ING (in-yur'ing), ppr. 1. Habituating; accustoming, 2. Passing in use to the benefit of. IN-URN', v. t. 1. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb.— Shah. 2. To put in an urn. 1N-URN.ED' (in-urnd'), pp. Deposited in a tomb. IN-URN'ING, ppr. Interring; burying. IN-U-SI-Ta'TION, n. Want of use ; disuse.— Paley. [Rare.] IN-US'TION (in-usfyun), n. [L. inustio.] 1. The action of burning. 2. A branding ; the action of marking by burning t IN-U'TILE, a. [L. inutilis.] Unprofitable ; useless. IN-U-TIL1-TY, n. [L. inutilitas.] Uselessness ; the quality of being unprofitable ; unprofitableness. IN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That can not be uttered IN VA-6'U-O. [L.] In a vacuum or empty space. IN-VaDE', v. t. [L. invado.J 1. To enter a country, as an army with hostile intentions ; to enter as an enemy ; to attack. 2. To attack ; to assail ; to assault. 3. To attack ; to infringe ; to encroach on ; to violate, as one's rights, 4. To go" into; [a Latinism.] — Spenser; [obs.] 5. To fall on^ to attack; to seize ; as, a disease invades the system. IN-VaD'ED, pp. or a. Entered by an army with a hostile design ; attacked ; assaulted ; infringed ; violated. IN-VaD'ER, n. 1. One who enters the territory of another with a view to war, conquest, or plunder. — Swift. 2. An assailant. 3. An encroacher ; an intruder ; one who in- fringes the rights of another. IN-VaD'ING, ppr. or a. Entering on the possessions of an- other with a view to war, conquest, or plunder ; assault- ing; infringing; attacking. IN-VA-LES'CENCE, n. [L. invalesco.] Strength ; health. IN-VAL-E-TODIN-A-RY, a. Wanting health. IN-VAL'ID, a. [L. invalidus.] 1. Weak ; of no force, weight, or cogency. — 2. In law, having no force, efiect, or efficacy ; void; null. * IN'VA-LID, n. [Fr. invalids ; L. invalidus.] 1. A person who is weak and infirm ; a person sickly or indisposed. 2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or other- wise disabled for active service ; a soldier or seaman worn out in service. IN'VA-LID, v. t. To enroll on the list of invalids in the na- val or military service. IN-VALTD-XTE, v. t. [Fr. invalider.] 1. To weaken or lessen the force of ; to destroy the strength or validity of ; to render of no force or effect, as a bargain or will. 2. To overthrow : to prove to be of no force, as testimony. IN-VAL'ID-A-TED, pp. Rendered invalid or of no force. IN-VAL'ID-A-TING, ppr. Destroying the force and effect of. IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. invalidity.] Weakness ; want of cogency ; want of legal force or efficacy IN-VAL'ID-NESS, n. Invalidity. IN-VAL'U-A-BLE. a. Precious above estimation ; so val uable that its worth can not be estimated ; inestimable ; priceless. IN-VAL'U-A-BLY, adv. Inestimably.— Bishop Hall. IN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Constant in the same state ; im- mutable ; unalterable ; unchangeable ; that does not vary ; always uniform. IN-Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, \ n. Constancy of state, condition IN-Va-RI-A-BIL'I-TY, j or quality ; immutability ; un- changeableness. IN-VaTcI-A-BLY, adv. Constantly ; uniformly ; without al- teration or change. IN-Va'RI.ED, a. Unvaried ; not changing or altering. IN-Va'SION, n. [L. invasio.] 1. A hostile entrance into tha possessions of another; particularly, the entrance of a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest or plunder, or the attack of a military force. 2. An at tack on the rights of another ; infringement or violation, D6VE ;— PULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER- Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as I ; 8 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. INV 558 INV disease ; as, the invasion of the plague in $ tttack A 1 gjpt \N-VTSIVE, a. [from invade.) 1 )Ossest./ons with hostile designs Entering on another's aggressive. 2. Infring- ing another's rights, [N-YECTION, n. Invective, which see. IN-YEC'TlVE, n. [Fr. invective.] A railing speech or ex- pression ; something uttered or written, intended to cast opprobrium, censure, or reproach on another ; a harsh or reproachful accusation. It differs from reproof, as the latter may come from a friend, and be intended for the good of the person reproved ; but invective proceeds from an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure. — Syn. Philippic" ; abuse ; raili n g ; sarcasm ; satire. IN-VECTlVE, a. Satirical ; abusive ; railing. IN-YEG'TlVE-LY, adv. Satirically ; ■ abusively. IN-VEIGH' (in-va/), v. i. [L. inveho.] To exclaim or rail against ; to utter censorious and bitter language against any one ; to reproach : with against. IN-VEIGH'ER (in-va'er), n. One who rails ; a railer. IN-VEIGH'LNG (in-va'ing), ppr. Exclaiming against ; railing at ;_uttering bitter words. FN-VeTGLE (in-ve'gl), v. t. [Norm, enveogler.] To entice ; to seduce ; to wheedle ; to persuade to something evil by deceptive arts or flattery. fN-VEl'GLED (in-ve'gld), pp. Enticed; wheedled; seduced from duty. EN-VeI'GLE-MENT, n. Seduction to evil; enticement IN-VEl'GLEB, n. One who entices or draws into any de- sign by arts and flattery. EN-VeTGLING. ppr. or a. Enticing; wheedling; persuad- ing to any thins bad. IN- VEILED' (in-vald'), a. Covered as with a veil. IN-YEND'I-BLE, a. Not vendible or salable.— Jefferso n. IN- VENT, v. t. [Fr. inventer.] 1. To find out something new ; to devise something not before known ; to contrive and produce something that did not before exist 2. To forge ; to fabricate ; to contrive falsely ; as, to invent a story. 3. To feign ; to frame by the imagination. 4. To light on ; to meet with. — Spenser ; [obs.] IN- VENTED, pp. Found out ; devised ; contrived ; forged ; fabricated. EN-YENTFUL, a. Full of invention.— Gifford. LN-VENTI-BLE, a. Discoverable ; capable of being found out. IN-VENTT-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inventible. IN- VENTING, ppr. Finding out what was before unknown ; devising or contriving something new; fabricating. IN-VEVTION, ?i. [L. inventio.] 1. The action or operation of finding out something new ; the contrivance of that which did not before exist. Invention differs from discov- ery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and produc- tion of something that did not before exist. Discovery brings to light that which existed before, but which was not known. We are indebted to invention for the ther- mometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific Ocean, and for the knowledge of galvanism. 2. That which is invent- ed. 3. Forgery ; fiction. — 4. In painting, the finding or choice of the objects which are to enter into the composi- tion of the piece. — 5. In poetry, it is applied to whatever the poet adds to the history of the subject. — 6. In rhetoric, the finding and selecting of arguments to prove and illus- trate the point in view. 7. The power of inventing ; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed in contriv- ing any thing new. 8. Discovery ; the finding of things hidden or before unknown. — Ray , [less proper.] — Inven- tion of the cross, a Roman Catholic festival, celebrated May 3d, in honor of the finding of our Savior's cross. Brande. — Src. Contrivance; device; fabrication; excogitation. EN-\ ENT1VE, a. [Fr. inventif.] Able to invent ; "quick at rw c 2j£ rivaQce ; read 7 at expedients.— Dryden. IN-\ ENT'IVE-LY, adv. By the power of invention. LV\ EXT'lVE-NESS, n. The faculty of inventing.— Chan- ning.^ rXA ENT'OR, 7i. One who finds out something new; one who contrives and produces any thing not before exist- ing ; a contriver. ^^/Tu'Rl-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an inventory. IN \ E.V I O-KIED (in ven-to-rid), pp. Inserted or registered m an inventory. [N'VEN-TO-RY. n [Sp, It inventario.] 1. An account cat- alogue, or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a de- ceased person. 2. A catalogue of. movables. 3. A cata- logue or account of particular things rN-VEX-TO-RY, r. t. [Fr. inventoHc?] 1. To make an in- ventory of; to make a list catalogue, or schedule of. 2 To insert or register in an account of goods rN-YENTRESS, n. A female who invents. IN-VERSE' (in-vers'), a. [L. inversus.] Inverted ; recipro- cal ; [opposed to direct.] — Inverse ratio is the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities. — Inverse proportion is an equality between a direct ratio and an inverse ratio.— J. Day. * Sec Synopsis. LN-VERSE'LY (in-versly), adv. In an inverted order) or manner ; a term used when one quantity is greater or less, according as another is less or greater. FN-VER'SION, 7i. [L. inversio.] 1. Change of order, so that the last becomes first and the first last ; a turning or change of the natural order of things. 2. Change oi places, so that each takes the place of the other. 3. A turning backward ; a contrary method of operation. — 4. In geometry, a change in the order of the terms of a pro- portion, so that the second takes the place of the first and the fourth of the third. — 5. In grammar, a change of the natural order of words. — 6. In music, the change of posi- tion either of a subject or of a chord. IN- VERT, v. t. [L. inverto.] 1. To turn into a contrary di- rection ; to turn upside down. 2. To place in a contrary order or method ; to reverse. — 3. In music, to change the order of the notes which form a chord, or the parts which compose harmony. 4. To divert; to turn into another channel ; to embezzle ; [obs.] LN-VER'TE-BRAL, a. Destitute of a vertebral column. IN-VERTE-BRATE, n. An animal having no vertebral col- umn, or spiral bone. LN-VERTE-BRATE, IN-VERTE-BR1-TED, rN- VERTED, pp. or a. turned upside down f a. Destitute of a backbone, or \ vertebral chain. — Good. Turned to a contrary direction ; changed in order. LN-VERTED-LY, adv. In a contrary or reversed order. EN- VERTENT, n. A medicine intended to invert the nat- ural order of the successive irritative motions. rN-VERTTNG, ppr. Turning in a contrary direction ; chang- ing the order. IN- VEST, v. t. [Fr. investir ; L. investio.] 1. To clothe ; to dress ; to put garments on ; to array. 2. To clothe with office or authority; to place in possession of an office, rank, or dignity. 3. To adorn ; to grace. — Shah. 4. To clothe ; to surround. 5. To confer ; to give ; [little used.] 6. To inclose ; to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege to ; to besiege. 7. To place or lay out money in some specie9 of property, usually of a permanent nature ; literally, to clothe money in something ; as, to invest a sum in land, stocks, bonds, MATIN, n. Morning.— Shak. MATINS, n. pi. 1. Morning worship or service ; morning prayers or songs. 2. Time of morning service. MATRASS, n. [Fr. matras.] A cucurbit; a chemical vessel in the shape of an egg. It is superseded in the modern laboratory by a flask. — Brande. MATRESS. See Mattress. Ma'TR* CE, ) n. [L. matrix.] The womb ; the cavity in Ma'TRIX, > which the fetus of an animal is formed and nourished till its birth. MAT'RICE (inafris), n. 1. A mold ; the cavity in which any thing is formed, and which gives it shape. 2. The ! place where any thing is formed or produced; gang. — 3. In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, while, blue red, and_yellow, of which all the rest are composed. MATRI-Cl DAL, a. Pertaining to matricide. * MATRI-ClDE, n. [L. matricidium^ 1. The killing or mm der of a mother. 2. The killer s>t murderer of his mother; MA-TRIC'U-LITE, v. t. [L. matricula.] To enter or admi! to membership in a body or society, particularly, in a col lege or university, by enrolling the name in a register. MA-TRICU-LATE, n. One enrolled in a register, and thu* admitted to membership in a society. MA-TRIC'U-LX-TED, pp. or a. Entered or admitted to membership in a society, particularly, in a university. MA-TRIC-U-LI'TION, n. The act of registering a name. and admitting to membership. MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [It. matrimoniale.] 1. Pertaining to marriage. 2. Derived from marriage. — Syn. Connubia. , conjugal ^ spousal; nuptial; hymeneal. MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. According to the manner or laws of marriage. — Ayliffe. MAT-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Matrimonial.— Milton. [Rare.] MATRI-MO-NY, n. [L. matrimonium.] Marriage ; wedlock, the union of man and woman for life ; the nuptial state Ma'TRIX. See Matrice. * MATRON, n. [Fr. matrone ; L. matrona.] An elderly mar- ried woman, _or an elderly lady.— Johnson. * MATRON-LlKE, a. Having the manners of an elderly woman ; grave ; sedate ; becoming; a matron. MAT'RON-AGE, n. The state of a matron.— Burke. * MAT'RON-AL, a. [L. matronalis.] Pertaining to a mat- ron ; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman ; grave ; motherly. MATRON-HOOD, n. State of a matron. MATRON-iZE, v. t. To render matron-like. MATRON-IZ.ED, pp. Rendered matron-like. MATRON-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering matron-like. * MATRON-LY, a. Elderly: advanced in years. MA-TROSS', n. [D. matroosl] Matrosses are soldiers in a train of artillery, who are next to the gunners, and assist them in loading, firing, and sponging the guns. MAT'TA-MORE, n. In the East, a subterranean repository for wheat. MATTE, n. 1. Crude black copper reduced, but not re- fined from sulphur, &c. — Ure. 2. A small plant used in South America as a substitute for tea ; Paraguay tea. S. E. Morse. MATTED, pp. or a. Laid with mats ; entangled. MATTER, 7i. [L., Sp., It. materia; Fr. matiere.] 1. Sub- stance excreted from living animal bodies ; that which is thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil, or abscess ; pus, 2. Body ; substance extended ; that which is visible or tangible ; as earth, wood, stone. — 3. In a more general and philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies are constituted. It is considered as solid, liquid, or aeriform. 4. Subject; thing treated; that about which we write or speak ; that which employs thought or excites emotion. 5. The very thing supposed or intended. — Tillotson. 6. Affair ; business ; event ; thing ; course of things. 7. Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or of a difficulty. 8. Subject of complaint; suit; demand. 9. Import; consequence; importance; moment. 10. Space of time ; a portion of distance. — L' Estrange. MATTER, v. i. 1. To be of importance ; to import : used with it, this, that, or what. 2. To maturate ; to form pus ; to collect, as matter in an abscess ; [little used.] t MATTER, v.t. To regard. MATTER-OF-FACT-MAN, n. A term of modern times for a grave and precise narrator, remnrker, or inquirer ; one who sticks to the matter of any fact. MATTERED, pp. 1. Regarded ; imported. 2. Maturated ; collected, as perfect pus in an abscess. MATTER-LESS, a. Void of matter.— Sera Jonson. MATTER- Y, a. 1. Purulent ; generating pus. — Harvey. 2. Important. — Ben Jonson ; [ohs.] MATTING, ppr. Covering with mats ; entangling. MATTING, n. 1. A texture composed of rushes, flags, gras^ straw, &c, used in packing various articles, and also for covering the floors of houses. 2. Materials for mats. MATTOCK, n. [Sax. mattuc] A kind of pick-ax, having the iron ends sharpened instead of pointed. — Smart. MAT'TRESS, n. [ W. matrass.] A quilted bed ; a bed stuffed with hair, moss, or other soft material, and quilted. MATU-RANT, n. [L. maturo.] In pharmacy, a medicine or application to an inflamed part, which promotes suppu- ration. MAT'U-RITE, v. t. [L. maturo.] To promote perfect sup puration. MATU-RITE, v. i. To suppurate perfectly. MATU-Ra-TED, pp. Perfectly suppurated. MATU-Ra-TING, ppr. Suppurating perfectly, as an abscess. MAT-U-Ra'TION, n. 1. The process of ripening or coming to maturity ; ripeness. 2. The process of suppurating perfectly; suppuration. * MAT'U-RA-TJVE, a. 1. Ripening ; conducing to ripeness DOVE —BULL. UNITE ;- AN"GF;il, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. MAX 628 MEA 2. 3ord dt.g » -erfect suppuration, or the formation of matter in ix >'» 'oss. MA-TORE', a. [L,. maturus.] 1. Perfected by time or natu- ral °rowth. 9. Brought to perfection. 3. Brought to a state f maturity, as a scheme. 4. Come to suppuration, as an abscess. — Syn. Ripe ; perfect ; completed ; pre- pared ; digested ; ready. MA-TORE', v. t. [L. maturo.] 1. To ripen ; to hasten to a perfect state ; to promote ripeness. 2. To advance to- ward perfection. MA-TORE', v. i. To advance toward ripeness ; to become ripe or perfect. MA-TOR.ED' (ma-turd'), pp. or a. Ripened ; advanced to perfection ; prepared. MA-TORE'LY, adv. 1. With ripeness ; completely. 2. With full deliberation. 3. Early; soon ; [a Latin ism, little used.] MAT-U-RES'CENT, a. Approaching to maturity. MA-TuR'ING, ppr. Ripening ; being in or coming to a complete state. MA-Tu'RI-TY, \n. 1. Ripeness; a state of perfection or MA-TuRE'NESS, > completeness. — 2. In commerce, the ma- turity of a note or bill of exchange is the time when it becomes due. MATU-TI-NAL, > a. [ L. matutinus. ] Pertaining to the MAT'U-TlNE, 5 morning.— Herbert. MAT WE ED, n. A plant of the genus lygeum. MAUD'LIN, a. [corrupted from Magdalen.] Drunk ; fud- dled ; approaching to intoxication ; stupid. MAUD'LIN, n. A plant of the genus achillea. MAU'GER, \adv. [Fr. malgre.] In spite of; in opposition MAU'GRE, y to ; notwithstanding ; [used only in burlesque.] MAU'KIN. See Malkin. MAUL, n. [L. malleus.] A heavy wooden hammer ; writ- ten, also, mall. See Mali.. MAUL, v. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or cudg- el ; to wound in a coarse manner. MAUL.ED, pp. Bruised with a heavy stick or cudgel. MAULING, ppr. Beating with a cudgel. MAUL'STIGK, n. [Germ, mahlen.] The stick by which painters of pictures keep their hand steady in working. f MAUNCH (mansh), n. [Fr. manche.] A loose sleeve. Her- bert. — In heraldry, a sleeve. " MAUND or MAUND, n. [Sax. and Dan. mand.] 1. A hand- basket ; [a word used in Scotland.] 2. A Bengal weight of 100 pounds troy, or 82 pounds avoirdupois. — Malcom. *t MAUND or MAUND, \ v. t. and i. To mutter ; to *t MAUND'ER or MAUND'ER, 3 murmur ; to grumble ; to beg. •t MaUND'ER or MAUND'ER, n. A beggar. *t MAUND'ER-ER or MAUND'ER-ER, n. A grumbler. *t MAUND'ER-ING or MAUND'ER-ING, n. Complaint. MAUN'DRIL, n. In coal mines, a pick with two shanks. MAUNTJY-THURS'DAY, n. [supposed to be from Sax. mand, a basket, because on that day princes used to give alms to the poor from their baskets ; or from dies mandati, the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his great mandate, that we should lore one another. — Lye. — Johnson.] The Thursday in passion-week, or next before Good Friday. MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum ; monu- mental.— Burton. M AU-SO-Le'UM, n. [L. ; Fr. mausolee ; from Mausolus, king of Caria.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral mon- ument. f MAU'THER, n. A foolish young girl. — Ben Jonson. MAU-VaISE' HONTE' (mo'vaz cnf). [Fr.] Bashfulness ; false modesty. Ma'VIS, n. [Fr. mauvis.] The throstle or song thrush. MAW, n. [Sax. maga.] 1. The stomach of brutes : applied to the stomach of human beings in contempt only. 2. The craw of fowls. I MAWK, n. A maagot ; a slattern. MAWK'ING-LY, adv. Slatternly ; sluttishly. MAWKISH, a. Apt to cause satiety or loathing. MAWK'ISH-LY, adv. In a mawkish way. MAWK'ISH-NESS, n. Aptness to cause loathing. MAWKS, n. A great, awkward, ill-dressed girl — Smart. [Vulgar.] MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty.— Grose. [Local.] uMAW'MET, n. [from Mahomet] A puppet ; anciently, an idol.— Wichlijfe. f MAW'MET-RY, n. The religion of Mohammed ; also, idol- atry. — Chaucer. MAW'MISH, a. [from maw or mawmct.] Foolish ; silly ; idle ; nauseous. — L' Estrange. MAWW6RM, n. A worm that infests the stomach. MAX'IL-LAR, \a. [ L. maxillaris. ] Pertaining to the MAX'IL-LA-RY, 5 jaw. MAX-IL'LI-FORM, a. In the form of a cheek-bone. MAX-IL'LI-PED, n. [L. maxilla and pes.] Jaw-foot; a term applied to the short, foot-like appendages that cover the mouth of a crab, lobster, or allied animal. MAX'IM n. [Fr/ maxime.] 1. An established principle or proposition ; a principle generally received or admitted as true. — 2. In music, the longest note forme i!y used, equal to two longs, or four breves ; a large. — Syn. Axiom ; aph- orism ; apothegm ; adage ; proverb ; saying. MAX'IM-M6N"GER, n. One who deals much in maxims. MAX'IM-UM, n. [L.] In mathematics, the greatest number or quantity attainable in any given case. MaY, n. [L. Maius ; Fr. Mai.] 1. The fifth month of the year. 2. [Goth. mawi. See Maid.] A young woman ; [obs.] 3. The early part of life. — Shak. MaY, v. i. To gather flowers in May-morning. MaY, verb aux. J pret. might. [Sax. magan.] 1. To be pos- sible. 2. To have physical power ; to be able. 3. To have moral power ; to be permitted. 4. It is used in prayer and petitions to express desire. — May be, it may be, may hap, are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, peradventure, that is, it is possible to be. MaY'-AP-PLE (ma'-ap-pl), n. The fruit of an American plant, podophyllum peltalum. MaY'-BLOOM, n. The hawthorn. MaY'-BUG, n. A chafer ; a buzzing insect. — Ainsworth MaY'-BUSH, n. A plant of the genus cratcegus. MIY'-DaY, n. The first day of May. MAY'-DEW (ma'-du), n. The dew of May. M5Y'-DuKE, n. A variety of the common cherry. MaY'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant; a flower that appears in May. MaY'-FLy, 7i. An insect or fly that appears in May. MaY'-GIME, n. Sport or diversion on the first of May. MaY'-La-DY, n. The queen or lady of May in May -games. MaY'-LIL-Y, n. The lily of the valley. MaY'-MORN, n. Freshness ; vigor. — Shak. MaY'-PoLE, n. A pole to dance round in May ; a long pole erected. MaY'-QUEEN, 7i. A young female crowned with flowers at the celebration of May-day. MaY'- WEED, n. A low herb growing by road-sides, &c. MaY'HEM, n. In late, the maiming a person by depriving him of the use of any of his members which are necessary to his defense or protection. — Bouvier. MaY'ING, n. The gathering of flowers on May-day. MaY'OR, n. [Fr. maire ; Norm, maeur.] The chief magis- trate of a city. MIY'OR-AL-TY, n. The office of a mayor.— Bacon. MaY'OR-ESS, n. The wife of a mayor. MAZ'A-GAN, n. A variety of the common bean. MAZ'ARD, n. [Fr. machoire.] 1. The jaw ; [obs.] 2. A black cherry. t MAZ'ARD, v. t. To knock on the head. — Ben Jonson.. MAZ-A-RiNE' (maz-a-reen'), n. 1. A deep-blue color. 2. A particular way of dressing fowls. 3. A little dish set in a larger one. MAZE, n. [Sax. mase.] 1. A winding and turning; per- plexed state of things ; intricacy ; a state that embarrasses. 2. Confusion of thought ; perplexity ; uncertainty. 3. A labyrinth. MaZE, v. t. To bewilder ; to confound with intricacy ; to amaze. — Spenser. t MaZE, v. i. To be bewildered.— Chaucer. t MaZ'ED-NESS, n. Confusion ; astonishment. IMaZ'ER, n. A maple cup. — Spenser. — Drydcn. Ma'ZI-LY, adv. With perplexity. MI'ZI-NESS, n. Perplexity. MAZ-0-L06TC-AL, a. Pertaining to mazology. MA-ZOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in mazology. MA-ZOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. jxa^os and Aoyoj.] That branch ot zoology which treats of mammiferous animals. Ma'ZY, a. Winding ; perplexed with turns and windings ; intricate. — Milton. M. D. Mcdicina doctor, doctor of medicine. ME. pron. pers. ; the objective case of I, answering to the oblique cases of ego, in Latin. [Sax. Tree;' Goth, mik ; G. mich; Fr. moi; L. mihi; Sp. mi; It. mi or me; Arm. me. J tMEA'-GOCK, n. [qu. meek and cock.] An uxorious, effemi- nate man. t MeA'COCK, a. Tame ; timorous ; cowardly.— Shak. MeAD, n. [Sax. medo, medu; D. mecde; G. mcth.] A fer- mented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes enriched with spices. — Encyc. MeAD (meed), \n. [Sax. m w . ,. . „ v . tME-AN'DROUS X a ' Wmdin S; flexuous. — Dean King. MeAN'ING, ppr. 1. Having in mind; intending; signify- ing. 2. Significant ; as, a meaning look. MEANING, n. 1. That which exists in the mind, view, or contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not di- rectly expressed. 2. Intention ; purpose ; aim : with ref- erence to a future act. 3. Signification ; import, as of ;ia act. 4. The sense of words "or expressions; that which is to be understood; signification; that which tho writer or speaker intends. 5. Sense; power of thinking; [lit\l& used.] MeAN'ING-LESS, a. Having no meaning. MeAN'ING-LY, adv. With meaning ; significantly. MeAN'LY, adv. 1. Moderately; [not used.] 2. Without dignity or rank ; in a low condition. 3. Poorly. 4. With- out greatness or elevation of mind ; without honor ; with a low mind or narrow views. 5. Without respect ; disre- spectfully ; as, to speak meanly of one. MeAN'NESS, n. 1. Want of dignity or rank ; low state. 2. Want of excellence of any kind ; poorness ; rudeness. 3. Lowness of mind ; want of dignity and elevation ; want of honor. 4. Sordidness; niggardliness. 5. Want of richness ; poorness. MeANS, 71. pi. I. Resources or income. 2. Instrument for gaming an end ; as, by this means. See Mean. MEANT (ment), pret. and. pp. of mean. MeAR, 7i. A boundary or limit. — Spenser. See Mere. MeASE, 7i. The quantity of 500; as, a mease of herrings. t MeA'SLE (me'zl), ?i. A leper.— Wickliffe. MeA'SL_ED (me'zld). a. Infected or spotted with measles. MeA'SLjBS (me'zlz), ?i., with a plural termination. [D. maze- len.] 1. A contagious disease of the human body, usually characterized by a crimson rash upon the skin, in irregu- lar crescents or circles. 2. A disease of swine. — Ben Jon- son. 3. A disease of trees. — Mortimer. MeAS'LY (meez'ly), a. Infected with measles or eruptions. MEAS'UR-A-BLE (mezh'ur-a-bl), a. 1. That may be meas- ured ; susceptible of mensuration or computation. 2. Moderate ; in small quantity or extent. MEAS'UR-A-BLE-NESS (mezh'ur-a-bl-nes), n. The quality of admitting mensuration. MeAS'UR-A-BLY (mezh'ur-a-bly), adv. Moderately ; in a limited degree. MeAS'URE (mezh'ur), 7i. [Fr. mesure ; It. misura.] 1. The whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, breadth, and thickness. 2. That by which extent or di- mension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, capacity, or amount. 3. A limited or definite quantity. 4. Determined extent or length ; limit. 5. A rule by which any thing is adjusted or proportioned. 6. Propor- tion ; quantity settled. 7. Full or sufficient quantity.— Shah. 8. Extent of power or office. 9. Portion allotted ; extent of ability. — Milton. 10. Degree ; quantity indefi- nite. — 11. In music, that division by which the motion of music is regulated. — 12. In poetry, the measure or metre i3 the manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or the long and short syllables. — 13. In dancing, the interval between steps, corresponding to the interval between notes in the music. Hence, a dance. Walter Scott. — 14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or unity, to which other homogeneous or similar quantities are re- ferred as a standard of comparison. 15. Means to an end ; an act, step, or proceeding toward the accomplish- ment of an object. — 16. In geology, the term measures is sometimes used for beds or strata ; as, coal measures, lead measures. Brande. — Without measure, without limits ; verv largely or copiously. — To have hard measure, to be harshly treated. MeAS'URE, tj. i. To have a certain or limited extent. MEAS'URE (mezh'ur), v. t. 1. To compute or ascertain extent, quantity, dimensions, or capacity by a certain rule or standard. 2. To ascertain the degree of any thing. 3. To pass through or over. — Dryden. 4. To judge of dis- tance, extent, or quantity. 5. To adjust; to proportion. 6. To allot or distribute by measure. MEAS'URJED (mezh'urd), pp. 1. Computed or ascertained by a rule or standard ; adjusted ; proportioned ; passed over. 2. a. Equal ; uniform ; steady ; as, measured tread. 3. Limited or restricted ; as, in d«j measured terms. MEAS'URE-LESS (mezh'ur-les), a. Without measure.— Syn. Boundless ; limitless ; endless ; unbounded ; unlim» ited ; vast ; immense ; infinite ; immeasurable. D,WE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'C OUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH as SH; TH as in this. * Obsolete MEC 630 MED M I AS OR E- d EN'S (mezh'ur-ment), n. The act of measur- ing; m tn-uratio'4. — Burke. MeAS'UR-ER. (me zh'ur-er), n. One who measures; one who i" oc '.upation or duty is to measure commodities in mailcf. MKASUR-ING (mezh'ur-ing), ppr. 1. Computing or ascer- taining length, dimensions, capacity, or amount. 2. a. Used m measuring ; as, a measuring rod. — 3. A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be measured. MEAT, n, [Sax. mate, mete.] 1. Food in general ; any thing eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. 2. The flesh of animals used as food.— 3. In Scripture, spiritual food. — John, vi. 4. Spiritual comfort. — John, iv. 5. Prod- ucts of the earth proper, for food. — Hab., hi. 6. The more abstruse doctrines of the Gospel.— Heb., v. 7. Ceremonial ordinances. — Heb., xiii. — To sit at meat, to sit or recline at the table. — Scripture. MeAT'-OF'FER-ING, n. An offering consisting of meat or food, in distinction from a drink-offering. I MfAT'ED, a. Fed ; fattened.- Tusser. 1 Me ATHE, n. [W. mez.] A sweet drink ; mead. — Milton. Me ATT, a. Fleshy, but not fat. — Grose. [Local.] MEAWL (mule). See Mewl. MeAZ'LING, ppr. Falling in small drops ; properly, miz- zling, or, rather, mistling, from mist. — Arbuthnot. ME-GHANTG, n. 1 A person whose occupation is to con- struct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, and the like. 2. One skilled in a mechanical occupation or art. — Syn. Artificer; artisan; operative. ME-CHAN'IC, ? a. [L. mec'ianicus ; Fr. mechanique.] 1. ME-CHANTG-AL, \ Pertaining to machines, or to the art of constructing machines ; pertaining to the art of making wares, goods, instruments, furniture, &c. 2. Constructed or performed by the rules or laws of mechanics. 3. Skilled in the art of making machines ; bred to manual labor. 4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics ; vulgar. 5. Per- taining to the principles of mechanics, in philosophy. 6. Acting by physical power. 7. Noting performance with- out design or reflection, from the mere force of habit. — Mechanical solution of a problem, a solution by any art or contrivance not strictly geometrical, as by means of the rule and compasses, and other instruments. ME-€HAN'I€-AL PHi-LOS'O-PHY, n. That branch of nat- ural philosophy which treats of the laws of the equilibrium and motion of bodies. — Olmsted. ME- GHAN'I€-AL POWERS, n. pi. Certain instruments or simple machines employed to facilitate the raising of weights or the overcoming of resistance. They are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, screw, inclined plane, and wedge. — Hutton. ME-CHAN1C-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws of mechanism or good workmanship. 2. By physical force or power. 3. By the laws of motion, without intelligence or design, or by the force of habit. — Mechanically inclined or disposed, having a natural inclination for mechanical employments. — Mechanically solved, solved in a way not strictly geometrical. See Mechanical. ME-CHAN'IC-AL-NESS, n. The state of being mechanical, or governed by mechanism. ME€H-A-Ni"CIAN (mek-a-nish'an), n. One skilled in me- chanics ; a machine-maker. ME-€HAN'I€S, n. That science which treats of the laws of equilibrium and motion. A mathematical science which shows the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as they are applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion. — Harris. ME€H'AN-ISM (mek'an-izm), n. 1. The structure or con- struction of a machine, engine, or instrument ; the parts composing a machine, &c. 2. Action of a machine, ac- cording to the laws of mechanics. MECH'AN-IST, n. The maker of machines, or one skilled in mechanics. MECH'AN-IZE, v. t. To form by mechanical skill or con- trivance. ME€H-AN-OG'RA-PHIST, n. An artist who, by mechanical means, multiplies copies of any works of art. MECH-AN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. mX av n and ypacpu.] The art of multiplying copies of a writing or any work of art, by the use of a machine. — Elmes. MECH'LIN, ?i. A species of lace, made at Mechlin. ME-CHo'A-€AN or ME-€Ho'A-€AN, n. White jalap, from Mechoacan, used as a mild cathartic. MEC'ON-ATE, n. A salt consisting of meconic acid and a base. ME-€ON'I€, a. Meconic acid is a peculiar acid contained in opium. ME-CON'I-NA, In. [Gr. uvkuv, a poppy.] A proximate MECO-NIN, 5 principle, and, as is supposed, one of the active principles of opium. MEC'O-NlTE, n. A small sandstone ; ammite. ME-€o'NI-UM, n. [Gr. /jlt/k^viov.] 1. The juice of the white poppy, which has the virtues of opium. 2. The first feces of infants. MED'AL, n. [Fr. medaille; It. medaglia; Sp. medalla.} A piece of metal in the form of a coin, stamped with soma figure or device, either to preserve the memory of soma illustrious person or event, or to serve as a reward of merit. The coins of the ancients are also called medals. MED'AL-ET, n. A small medal, not intended for general circulation. — Pinkerton. MED'AL-IST, n. 1. A person who is skilled in medals. 2 One who has gained a medal as the reward of merit. — Edin. Rev. ME-DAL'LIC, a. Pertaining to a medal or to medals. ME-DAL'LION (me-dal'yun), n. [Fr.] 1. A large antique medal. 2. The representation of a medallion. — 3. In archi- tecture, any circular tablet on which are presented em- bossed figures. — Elmes. MED'AL-UR-GY, n. [medal and epyov, work.] The art of making and striking medals and other coins. MED'DLE (med'dl), v. i. [D. middelen.] 1. To have to do ; to take part in the concerns of others, or in affairs in which one's interposition is not necessary. 2. To have to do ; to touch ; to handle : with with or in ; as, to med- dle with knives. — To meddle and make, to intrude one's self in other persons' business. Holloway. — Syn. To in- terpose ; interfere ; intermeddle. t MED'DLE, v. t. To mix; to mingle.— Spenser. MED'DL.ED, pp. Mingled ; mixed. MED'DLER, n. One who meddles ; an officious person ; a busy-body. — Bacon. MED'DLE-S6ME, a. Given to meddling ; apt to interpose in the affairs of others ; officiously in trusive. MED'DLE-SoME-NESS, n. Officious interposition in the affairs of others. — Barrow. MED'DLING, ppr. 1. Having to do; touching; handling; officiously interposing in other men's concerns. 2. a. Of- ficious ; busy in other men's affairs. MED'DLING, n. Officious interposition. MED'DLING-LY, adv. In a meddlesome manner ; offi- ciously. ME-DI-^E'VAL, a. Of the Middle Ages. See Medieval. Me'DI-AL, a. [L. medius.] Mean ; noting a mean or aver- age. — Medial alligation is a method of" finding the value of a mixture consisting of two or more ingredients of dif- ferent quantities and values. Me'DI-ANT, ?i. In ?nusic, an appellation given to the third above the key-note. — Busby. ME-DI-AS'TINE, n. [Fr. ; L. mediastinum.] The membra nous septum of the chest, formed by the duplicature of the pleura under the sternum, and dividing the cavity into two parts. Me'DI-ATE, a. [Fr. mediat.] 1. Middle ; being between the two extremes. 2. Interposed ; intervening ; being be- tween two objects. 3. Acting by means, or by an inter- vening cause or instrument. Me'DI-aTE, v. i. 1. To interpose between parties, as the equal friend of each; to act indifferently between con- tending parties, with a view to reconciliation ; to intercede. 2. To_be between two ; [little used.] MeT)I-aTE, v. t. 1. To effect by mediation or interposition between parties. 2. To limit by something in the mid- dle : [obs.] Me'DI-a-TED, pp. Interposed between parties. 2. Effected by mediation. Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. By means or by a secondary cause, acting between the first cause and the effect. Me'DI-a-TING, ppr. Interposing ; effecting by mediation. ME-DI-a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Interposition ; intervention ; agency between parties at variance, with a view to recon- cile them. 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power. 3. Intercession ; entreaty for another. ME-DI-AT-I-Za'TION, n. The annexation of the smaller German sovereignties to the larger contiguous states, thus making them mediately, though not immediately, depend- ent on the empire. The verb to mediatize has sometimes been used in a similar sense. — Brande. Me'DI-a-TOR, n. [Fr. mediateur.] 1. One who interposes between parties at variance, for the purpose of reconciling them. — 2. By way of tminence, Christ is the mediator " Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both na- tures, divine and human ; and mediator by office, as trans- acting matters between God and man." Waterlaud.- Syn. Intercessor; advocate; propitiator; interceder; ar bitrator ; jumpire. ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. [Mediato- ry is not used.] ME-DI-A-T5'RI--AL-LY, adv. By mediation ; like a mediator ME-DI-A'TOR-SHIP, n. The office ot a mediator. ME'DI-A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to mediation. ME-Dlt'TRLX S ' \ n - A femsle mediator - -Ainsworth. MED'IC, n. 1. A plant of the genus mediccgo, to w?dch in cern belongs. 2. Plural, the science of -t. edi'i le r obs.} MED'IC-A-BLE, a. That may be cured or heaie ... MED'I€-AL, a. [L. medicus.] 1. Pertaining tr the art oi See Synovsis. A. E. I, &c, long.— a. E, 1, &c, short.— FaR, F A.LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE BiRD •— M> V tu. BC ^ '{, MED 631 MEG healing diseases. 2. Medicinal ; containing that which heals ; tending to cure. 3. Designed to promote the study of medicine ; as, a medical college. MED'I€-AL JU-RI3-PRu'DENCE, n. The science which applies the principles and practice of the different branches of medicine to doubtful questions in courts of justice. — Bouvicr. MED'IC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of medicine ; accord- ing to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of healing. 2. In relation to the healing art. MEDTG-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. medicamentum.] Any thing used for healing diseases or wounds ; a medicine ; a heal- ing application. MED-I€-A-MENT'AL, a. Relating to healing applications ; bavins; the qualities of medicaments. MED-IC-A-MENTAL-LY, adv. After the manner of healing applications. MED'I€-AS-TER, n. A quack.— Whitlock. MED'I€-aTE, v. t. [L. medico.} 1. To tincture or impreg- nate with any thing medicinal. 2. To treat with medicine ; to heal. MED'I€-a-TED, pp. or a. 1. Prepared or furnished with any thing medicinal. 2. Treated with medicine. MED'iO-A-TING, ppr. 1. Impregnating with medical sub- stances ; preparing with any thing medicinal. 2. Treating with medicine. MED-IC-X'TION, ii. 1. The act or process of impregnating with medicinal substances ; the infusion of medicinal vir- tues. 2. The use of medicine. MED'I€-A-TlVE, a. Curing ; tending to cure. ME-DIC1N-A-BLE, a. Having the properties of medicine ; medicinal. — Bacon. [Little used.] * ME-DIC'IN-AL, a. [L. medicinalis.] 1. Having the prop- erty of healing or of mitigating disease ; adapted to the cure or alleviation of bodily disorders. 2. Pertaining to medicine. ME-DIC'IN-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of medicine ; with medicinal qualities. 2. With a view to healing. * MED'I-CiNE, n. [L. medicina. Vulgarly and improperly pronounced mcd'sn.] 1. Any substance, liquid or solid, that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in animals, or that is used for that purpose. 2. The art of preventing, curing, or alleviating tbe diseases of the human body. — 3. In the French sense, a physician ; [obs.] f MED'I-CiNE, v. t. To affect or operate on as medicine. ME-Dl'E-TY, n. [Fr. mediete; L. medietas.] The middle state or part ; half; moiety. — Brown. [Little used.] ME-DI-E'VAL, a. [L. medius and cevus.] In history, pertain- ing to the Middle Ages. Me'DIN, ? n. In Egypt, the fortieth part of a piaster ; a ME-Di'NO, 5 para.— M'Culloch.— P. Cyc. ME'DI-o-€RAL, a. [L. mediocris.] Being of a middle qual- ity; indifferent; ordinary. — Addison. [Rare.] ME'DI-o-€RE (me'de-6-ker), a. [Fr., from L. mediocris.] Of moderate degree ; middle rate ; middling. f Me'DI-5-€RIST, n. A person of middling abilities. ME-DI-OC'RI-TY, n. [L. mediocriias.] 1. A middle state or degree ; a moderate degree or rate. 2. Moderation ; tem- perance. MED'1-TaTE, 8. i. [L. meditor; Fr. mediter.] 1. To dwell on any thing in thought ; to turn or revolve any subject in the mind. 2. To intend ; to have in contemplation. Washington. — Syn. To muse ; contemplate ; think ; study. MED 1-TaTE, v. t. 1. To plan by revolving in the mind. 2. To think on; to revolve in the mind. — Syn. To con- trive ; design ; scheme ; intend. MED'I-Ta-TED, pp. or a. Planned ; contrived. MED'I-Ta-TING, ppr. Revolving in the mind; contem- platingj contriving. MED-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. meditatio.] Close or continued thought ; the turning or revolving of a subject in the mind ; serious contemplation. MED I-Ta-TIVE, a. 1. Addicted to meditation. — Ainsworth. 2. Expressing meditation or design. — Johnson. MED'I-TI-TIVE-NESS, n . The state of being meditative, t MED-I-TER-R1NE', ) a. [L. medius and terra.] 1. In- MED-I-TER-RX'NE-AN, \ closed or nearly inclosed with MEDd-TER-RA'NE-OUS, ) land 2. Inland ; remote from the ocean or sea, as mountains. — Burnet. Me'DI-UM, n. ; pi. Media or Mediums. [L.l 1. In j>hiloso- phy, the space or substance through which a body moves or passes to any point. — 2. In logic, the mean or middle term of a syllogism, or the middle term in an argument. — 3. In mathematics. [See Mean.] 4. The means or instru- ment by which any thing is accomplished, conveyed, or carried on. 5. The middle place or degree ; the mean. 6. A kind of printing paper, of middle size. MEDLAR, a,. [Sax. mad; L. mespilus.] A tree (mespilus Germanica, J. : nn.), and its fruit, which resembles a small apple. Its f avor is not developed, even in its ripe state, ->n tne tree , and hence it is gathered and laid aside until it begins to change, when it is eaten. — Enc. of Dom. Econ. v. t. To mix. Not usea ; sat nence, t MED'LE, IMED'LY, . MED'LEY, n. A mixture ; a mingled and confuse i inas* of ingredients ; a miscellany. — Addison. MED'LEY, a. Mingled; confused. — Dry den. [Little usea. ME-DUL'LAR, fa. [L. medullaris.] 1. Pertaining U * MED'UL-LA-RY, 3 marrow; consisting of marrow ; re semblin:; marrow. — 2. In botany, pithy ; filled with spongy pith.— Liiidley. ME-DUL'LIN, n. [L. medulla.} The pith of the sunflowei and Jilac, which has neither taste nor smell. ME-Du'SA, n. [Gr. MeSovaa.] 1. In mythology, the chief of th< Gorgons, having the power cf turning all who looked oi her into stone. Her head, when placed on the shield ot Minerva, retained the same petrifying power. 2. A geniu- of gelatinous radiate animals, called sea-nettles. ME-Du'SI-DANS, n. pi. Gelatinous radiate animals, which float or swim in the sea. MEED, ii. [Sax. med.] 1. Reward ; recompense ; thai which is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit 2. Merit or desert. — Shah. ; [obs.] MEEK, a. [Sw. miuk; Dan. myg ; Sp. mego; Port, meigo.} 1. Not easily provoked or irritated; given to forbearance under injuries. — 2. In an evangelical sense, submissive to the Divine will; not proud, self-sufficient, or refractory. — Syn. Mild; gentle; soft; yielding; pacific; unassuming; humble._ MEEK-EY.ED (-Ide), a. Having eyes indicating meeknes*. — Milton. MEEK'EN (mek'n), v. t. To make meek ; to soften , to ren- der mild. — Thomson. MEE K'E NE D, pp. Made meek ; softened. MEEKLY, adv. Mildly ; gently ; submissively ; humbly , not proudly or roughly. — Spenser. MEEKNESS, n. 1. Softness of temper ; mildness ; gentle- ness ; forbearance under injuries and provocations. — 2. In an evangelical sense, humility ; resignation ; submission to the Divine will, without murmuring or peevishness. MEER, a. Simple ; unmixed. [Usually written mure.] MEER, n. A lake ; a boundary. See Mere. MEERED, a. Relating to a boundary.— Shah. See Mere. MEER'ScHAUM (meer'showm), n. [Ger. sea-foam.] 1. A sil- icated magnesian clay ; called, also, Turkish tobacco-pipe clay, extensively used in Germany in making the bowls of tobacco-pipes. Hence, 2. A tobacco-pipe made of this clay. MEET, a. [Sax. gemet.] Fit ; suitable ; proper ; qualified ; convenient ; expedient ; adapted, as to a use or purpose. MEET, n. A meeting of huntsmen for coursing. [Eng.] MEET, v. t. ; pret. and pp. met. [Sax. mctan, mcetan, gemetan.] 1. To come together, approaching in opposite or different directions ; to come face to face. 2. To come together in any place. 3. To come together in hostility : to" encoun- ter. 4. To encounter unexpectedly. 5. To come together in extension; to come in contact; to join. 6. To come to ; to find ; to light on ; to receive, as a welcome. MEET, v. i. 1. To come together, or to approach near or into company with. 2. To come together in hostility ; to encounter. 3. To assemble ; to congregate ; to begin a session ; as, the senate met at noon. 4. To come together by being extended; to come in contact; to join, as'lines. — To meet with. 1. To light on ; to find ; to come to ; often with the sense of an unexpected event. 2. To join ; to unite in company. 3. To suffer unexpectedly, as misfor- tune. 4. To encounter ; to be subjected to, as opposition. 5. To obviate; a Latinism; [obs.] — To meet halfway, tn approach from equal distances and meet ; metaphorically, to make mutual and equal concessions, each party re- nouncing some pretensions. MEET'EN, v. t. To render meet or fit for.— Ash. MEET'ER, 11. One who meets another ; one who accosts another. — Shak. MEETING, ppr. Coming together ; encountering ; joining : assembling. MEET'ING, n. 1. A coming together. 2. A gathering or collection of people. 3. A conflux, as of rivers ; a joining, as of lines. 4. A dissenting place of worship ; [Eng.] — Syn. Interview; conference ; assembly; company; convention; congregation ; auditory ; junction ; confluence ; union. MEETING-HOUSE, n. A place of worship ; a church. MEET'LY, adv. Fitly ; suitably : properly. MEETNESS, n. Fitness ; suitableness ; propriety. MEG'A-COSM, n. [Gr. ^eyas and Koa/xoi .] The great world. MEG-A-LE'SIAN GaMES, n. pi. [Gr. ixeyas.] A magnificent Roman exhibition in the circus, in honor of Cybele. MEG-A-LON'YX, n. [Gr. ixeynXn and oiv\.] A large quad- ruped now extinct, whose bones have been found in Yir- D(*)VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VICIOUS.— € as K; G gmia, allied to the sloth, t MEG-A-LOP'O-LIS, n. [Gr. m *M and -oAtS.J A chief city ; a metropolis. — Herbert. MEG-A-LO-SAU'RUS, n. [Gr. neynXn and aavpos.] A gigan tic extinct saurian or lizard, whose fossil remains havo been found in England, &c. ; also written mesalosaur. J ; S as"z7CH afiTSEf; "'f if as inthi* ~T Obsolete. MEL 632 MEM MEG A-S€OPE, n. [( r. fxeyai and Gtconea).] A modification of the solar microscope, for viewing bodies of consider- able dimensions. MEG A-THeTiI-UM. n. [Gr. neyai and Snpa.] A gigantic extinct quadruped of Soatli America, allied to the sloth. Me'GRIM n. fFr. migraine.} A neuralgic pain in the side of the head, -dually periodical. f MSINE (meen), v. t. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. — Chaucer. t MSINE in. A retinue or family of servants ; domestics. tMS'NY. < —Shah. t MS INT (meet), pp. Mingled.— Spenser. MEl'O-Nl'TE, n. A variety of scapolite. — Dana. MEl-o'SIS, n. [Gr. jieiuois.] Diminution ; a rhetorical fig- ure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less than it is. — Beattie. MSTAM, n. A white, insoluble powder, prepared by fusing either sulpho-cyanid of ammonia, or a mixture of sal am- moniac and sulpho-cyanid of potassium. — Cooley. MEL'AM-PODE, n. [Gr. pe\aniro8iov.] The black helle- bore. — Spenser. ME-LAN'A-GOGUE (me-lan'a-gog), n. [Gr. fxeXas, ueXnvos, and ay v.] A medicine supposed to expel black bile or choler. [Old.] MEL'AN-€HOL-I€, a. 1. Depressed in spirits ; affected with gloom ; dejected ; hypochondriac. 2. Produced by melancholy; expressive of melancholy; mournful. 3. Un- happy ; unfortunate ; causing sorrow. MEL'AN-€HOL-I€, n. 1. One affected with a gloomy state of mind ; [melancholian, in a like sense, is not used.J 2. A gloomy state of mind. MEL'AN-€HOL-I-LY, adv. With melancholy.— Keepe. MEL'AN-GHOL-I-NESS, n. State of being melancholy; disposition to indulge gloominess of mind. {■MEL-AN-€Ho'LI-OUS, a. Gloomy.— Gower. MEL'AN-€HOL-IST, n. One affected with melancholy. MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. i. To become sdoomv in mind. t MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. t. To make melancholy.— More. MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, n. [Gr. ne\av and xoA?? ; L. melancholia.] A gloomy state of mind, often a gloomy state that is of some continuance, or habitual ; depression of spirits, in- duced by grief; dejection of spirits. MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, a. 1. Depressed in spirits, as persons. 2. Plabitually dejected, as a temperament. 3. That may or does produce great evil and grief, as an accident. — Syn. Gloomy ; sad ; dispirited ; low-spirited ; unhappy ; hypochondriac ; disconsolate ; heavy ; doleful ; dismal ; calamitous ; afflictive. ME-LaNgE' (ma-lanzh'), n. [Fr.] A mixture. MEL'AN-lTE. n. [Gr. /^Aa? .] A black variety of garnet. MEL-AN-IT'IG, a. Pertaining to melanite. MEL'A-NURE, } n. A small fish of the Mediterranean ; a MEL-A-Nu'RUS, j species of gilt-head. MEL'A-PHyRE, n. A variety of black or pyroxenic por- phyry- ME-LaS'SES, n. See Molasses. B1E-LAS'SI€ ACID, n. The product of the simultaneous action of heat and alkalies on solutions of grape sugar. ME-LEE ' (ma-la'), n. [Fr.] A fight in which the combatants are all mingled in a confused mass. ME-LIC'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. fteXiKtjpis.] Noting an encysted tumor,_the contents of which resemble honey. MEL'I-LlTE, n. [Gr. ^ £ At and Ai0.->j.] A name applied to small yellow crystals, found in the lavas of Vesuvius. — Dana. MEL'I-LOT, n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus trifolium, nearly allied to the lonar-rooted clover. — Farm. Encyc. * MeLTOR-aTE (meTyor-ate), v. t. [Fr. ameliorer ; It. mig- liorare.) To make better ; to improve. * MeL'IOR-aTE (meTyor-ate), v. i. To grow better. *MeLTOR-a-TED (mel'yor-a-ted), pp. or a. Made better; improved._ *MeLTOR-a-TING (mel'yor-a-ting), ppr. or a. Improving; advancing in good qualities. *MeL-IOR-a'TION (mel-yor-a'shun), n. The act or oper- ation of making better ; improvement. t MeL-IOR'I-TY, n. The state of being better.— Bacon. f MELL, v. i. [Fr. meler.] To mix; to meddle. — Spenser. MELL, n. [L. mel.} Honey. [Not English.] MEL/LATE, n. [L. mel.] A combination of the mellic or mellitic acid with a base. MEL'LIG, a. Set Mellitic. MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. mel and/ero.l Producing honey. MEL-LIF-1 -GaTION, n. [L. mellifico.] "The making or pro- duction of honey. MEL-LIF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. mel and fluo.] A flow of sweet- ness, or a sweet, smooth flow. — Watts. MEL-LIF'LU-ENT, Ya. Flowing with honey , smooth ; MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, 5 sweetly flowing. MEL-LIFTU-OUS-'ly; } adv - With smoothness ; flowingly. MEL-LIG'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. ue\ and yevos.] Having the qual- ities of honey. MEL-Ll'GO, n. \L. mel.] Honey-dew, which see. —Tully. MP'L'LIT, n. In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar. MEL'LI-TATE, n. A compound of mellitic acid and a base. — Graham. MEL'LlTE, n. L. mel.] Honey-stone, a mineral occurring in octahedral crystals, of a honey-yellow color. — Dana. MEL-LITIG, I a. Terms applied to an acid first discovered MEL'LIG, 5 in mellite. MEL'LON, n. In chemistry, a yellow powder, composed of carbon and nitrogen. MEL'LoW, a. [Sax. melewe; Ger. mehl.] 1. Soft with ripe- ness ; easily yielding to pressure. 2. Soft to the ear. 3. Soft ; well pulverized ; not indurated or compact, as soil. 4. Soft and smooth to the taste. 5. Soft with liquor; in- toxicated ; merry. 6. Soft or easy to the eye ; as, mel- low tints. MEL'LoW, v. t. 1. To ripen ; to bring to maturity ; to soft- en by ripeness or age. 2. To soften ; to pulverize. 3. To mature ; to bring to perfection. MEL'LoW, v. i. To become soft ; to be ripened, matured, or brought to perfection. MEL'LoW-ToNED, a. Having soft tones. MEL'LoWJ?D, pp. Ripened ; brought to maturity. 2. Be- come soft, as fruit when ripe. MEL'LoW-LY, adv. In a mellow manner. MEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. Softness ; the quality of yielding easily to pressure ; ripeness, as of fruit. 2. Maturity ; softness or smoothness from age, as of wine. MEL'LoW-Y, a. Soft: unctuous.— Drayton. MEL-0-€0-ToN' ; n. [Sp. melocoton,] A quince. But the name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach. * ME-Lo'DI-OUS. a. Containing melody ; musical; agree- able to fhe ear by a sweet succession of sounds. * ME-Lo'Dl-OUS-LY, adv. In a melodious manner. * ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds ; musicalness. MEL'O-DIST, n. A composer and singer of elegant melo- dies, in contradistinction to harmonist. MEL'O-DIZE, v. t. To make melodious. MEL'0-DlZ£D, pp. Made melodious. MEL'O-DlZ-ING, ppr. Making melodious. MEL-O-DRA-MAT'IG, a. Pertaining to a melodrame. MEL-O-DRAM'A-TIST, n. One skilled in melodrames, or who prepares them. MEL'O-DRaME, n. [Gr. ^eAo?, and drama.] A dramatic performance in which songs are intermixed. — Chalmers. MEL'O-DY, n. [Gr. nz\u>hm.] 1. An agreeable succession of sounds ; a succession of sounds, so regulated and mqd- ulated as to please the ear. Melody diflers from harmony. as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation of sounds by a single voice, whereas harmony consists in the accordance of different voices or sounds. 2. The particular air or tune of a musical piece. — Encyc Am. MEL'ON, n. [Fr. ; L. melo ; Sp. melon.] The name of cer- tain well-known plants, and their fruit. MEL'ON-THIS'TLE (-thisl), n. A plant of the genus cactus MEL-POM'E-NE, n. [Gr.] The muse who presided over tragedy. MEL'RoSE, n. [L. mel and rose.] Honey of roses. MELT, v. t. [Sax. meltan ; Gr. //eA(5w ; D. smelten.] 1. To make liquid ; to reduce from a solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat. 2. To reduce to first principles. — Burnet. 3. To overpower with tender emotion. 4. To waste away ; to dissipate. — Shak. 5. To dishearten. — Josh., xiv. — Syn. To liquefy ; dissolve ; fuse ; thaw ; mollify ; soft- en ; subdue. MELT, v. i. 1. To become liquid ; to dissolve ; to b« changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state. 2. To be softened to love, pity, tenderness, or sympathy ; to be come tender, mild, or gentle. — Shak. 3. To be dissolved ; to lose substance. 4. To be subdued by affliction ; to sink into weakness. 5. To faint ; to be discouraged or dis- heartened. MELT'ED, pp. or a. Dissolved ; made liquid ; softened ; discouraged. MELT'ER, n. One who melts any thing. — Derham. MELTING, ppr. 1. Dissolving; liquefying; softening, dis- couraging. 2. a. Tending to soften ; softening into ten- derness. MELT'ING, n. The act of softening ; the act of rendering tender. — South. MELTTNG-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to melt or softer. S. Like something melting. — Sid?iey. MELT'ING NESS, n. The power of melting or softening. MEL'WEL, n. A kind of codfish.— Ash. MEM'BER, n. [Fr. membre; L.membrum.] 1. A limb of an- imal bodies. 2. A part of a discourse, or of a period o sentence ; a clause ; a part of a verse. — 3. Ta archite-turt. a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice < sometimes a molding. 4. An individual of a community or society. 5. The appetites and passions considered as temptina: to sin. — Rom., vii. MEM'BERED, a. Having liwbs. ■ See Synopsis. A. E, I, 3 tion to inflict evil. 2. a. Exhibiting the danger or proba bility of an evil to come. MEN'A-CING-LY, adv. In a threatening manner. MEN-ME' (men-azhO, n. [Fr.] A collection of brute ani- mals. * MEN-Ag'E-RIE (men-azh'e-ry), ) n. [Fr. menagerie.] A MEN'A-GER-Y (men'a-ger-ry), 5 yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a collection of wild animals. MEN'A-GOGUE (men'a-gog), n. [Gr. uyveS and ayo. A medicine that promotes the menstrual flux. MEND, v. t. [L. emendo ; Fr. amender.] 1. To repair, as a breach ; to supply a part broken or defective in any tning. 2. To set right ; to alter for the better. 3. To repair ; to restore to a sound state. 4. To advance ; to make better. 5. To hasten, accelerate, or quicken ; as, to mend one's pace.— Syn. To improve ; help ; better ; emend ; amend correct ; rectify ; reform. MEND, v. i. To grow better ; to advance to a better state to improve. MENDA-BLE, a. Capable of being mended. MEN-D A'CIOUS (-da'shus), a. [L. mendax.] Lying ; false, MEN-DA CI-TY, n. Habitual falsehood.— Syn. Lying; de- ceit; tmtruth. MEND'ED, pp. or a. Repaired ; made better ; improved. MEND'ER, n. One who mends or repairs. MEND'I-CAN-CY, a. [L. mendicans.] Beggary ; a state of begging. MEND'I-CANT, a. [L. mendicans.] 1. Begging ; poor to a state of beggary. 2. Practicing beggary. MEND1-CANT, n. A beggar ; one who makes it his busi- ness to beg alms ; one of the begging fraternity of the Ro- man Catholic Church. t MEND'I-GaTE, v. t. To beg or practice begging. MEN-DIC'I-TY (-dis'e-te), n. [L. mendicitas.] The state of begging ; the life of a beggar. MENDING, ppr. or a. 1. Repairing. 2. Improving in health after sickness ; convalescing. MEND'ING, n. The act of repairing ; [applied especially to garments.] t MEND'MENT, lor amendment. t MEND_S, for amends.— Shak. MEN-Ha'DEN, n. A salt-water fish, allied to the alewife, and much used for manure, &c. Me'NI-AL, a. [Norm, meignal, meynal.] 1. Pertaining to servants, or domestic servants ; low ; mean. — Swift. 2. Belonging to the retinue or train of servants. Me'NI-AL, n. 1. A domestic servant of the lowest order. Hence, 2. Figuratively, a person of a servile character or disposition. MEN'I-LlTE, n. A brown impure opal, found at Menil Montant^ near Paris. ME-NIN'GES, n. pi. [Gr. fieviyyog.] The two membranes that envelop the brain ; the pia mater and dura mater. ME-NIS'-GAL, a. Pertaining to a meniscus. ME-NIS'CUS, n. ; pi, Meniscuses. [Gr. unviaKos.] A lens convex on one side and concave on the other, having the concavity less than the convexity. MEN-I-SPERM'ATE, n. A compound of menispermic acid and a salifiable base. MEN-I-SPERM'I€, a. The menispermic acid is obtained from the seeds of the cocculus Indicus, the menispermum cocculus of Linnaeus, now called anamirta pan icula'.a. MEN-I-SPER'Mf-NA, In. [L. menispermum, from Gr. fxtjvq, MEN-I-SPER'MINE, > the moon, and airzptxa, a seed.l A tasteless, white, opaque, crystalline alkaloid obtained from anamirta paniculata, once called menispermum. MEN'I-VER, n. A small white animal in Russia, or its fur, which is yery fine. — Chaucer. See Minever. MEN'NON-lTES, ln.pl. A small denomination of Christ- MEN'NON-ISTS, 5 ians who reject infant baptism, but do not insist strenuously on immersion ; so called from Si- mon Menno, their founder, in Germany. — Baird. ME-NOL'O-GY, In. [Gr. unv, unvos, and Xoyog.] 1. A MEN-O-Lo'Gl-UM, 5 register of months.— 2. In the Greek Church, martyrology, or a brief calendar of the lives of the saints. MEN'oW, ii. [Fr. menu.] A small fish, the minnow. MEN'SA ET TO'RO. [L.] A phrase applied to a kind of divorce which separates husband and wife without dis- solving the marriage relation. — Bouvier. MEN'SAL, a. [L. mensalis.] Belonging to the table ; trans- acted at table. — Clarissa. [Little used.] MEN'SeS, n. pi. [L. months.] The catamenia or monthly discharges. MEN'STRU-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. menstrualis.] 1. Monthly , hap pening once a month. 2. Lasting a month. — Bcntley. 3 Pertaining to a menstruum. — Bacon. D 6VE -—BULL, ¥N1TE ;— AN"GE l VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete MER 634 MER MENS'] 1 i; A NT, a. > y ibject to monthly fiowings. JIEN'STRU- JUS, a. [1 menstruus.] 1. Having the month- 'wflo.v )r discharge, as a female. 2. Pertaining to the monthly t ]nw of females. MEN'STRU-UM, re.,- pi Menstruums or Menstrua, [from L. mens is.) A solvent ; any thud or subtilized substance which dissolves a solid body. * WEN- JU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being measured. * MEN'Sl!'-RA-BLE (inen'shu-ra-bl), a. [L. mensura.] Meas- ura'j] i ; capable of being measured. — Holder. * MEN'SU-RAL, a. Pertaining to measure. * MEN'SU-RaTE, v. t. [L. mensura.] To measure. [Rare.] *MEN-SU-Rl'TION (men-shu-ra'shun), re. 1. The act, pro- cess, or art of measuring or taking the dimensions of any thing. 2. Measure ; the result of measuring. MEN'T A L, a. [It. mentale ; Fr. mental] Pertaining to the mind ; intellectual — Addison. MENTAL-L Y, adv. Intellectually ; in the mind ; in thought or meditation ; in idea. — Bentley. MENTION, re. [Fr. ; L. mentio.] A hint ; a suggestion ; a brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing. MENTION, v. t. [Fr. mentio uner.] To speak ; to name ; to utter a brief remark ; to state a particular fact, or to ex- press it in writing. It is applied to something thrown in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and thus ditfers from the sense of relate, recite, and narrate. MENTION -A-BLE, a. That can or may be mentioned. MENTION ET>, ■gp. Named; stated. MENTION-ING, ppr. Naming ; uttering. MENTOR, re. [from Mentor, the counselor of Telemachus.] A wise and faithful counselor or monitor. — Encyc. Am. MEN-To'RI-AL, a. [Mentor.] Containing advice. ME-PHIT'I-G, ) a. [L-. mephitis.] Offensive to the smell ; ME-PHITIC-AL, $ foul ; poisonous ; noxious ; pestilential ; destructive to hie. — Mephitic acid is usually carbonic acid. ME-PHl'TIS, In. [L. mephitis.] Foul, offensive, or nox- MEPH'IT-ISM, ) ious exhalations from dissolving substan- ces, tilth, or other source ; usually containing carbonic acid gas. fME-RA'CIOUS, a. [L. mei-acus.] Strong; racy. t MER ; €A-BLE, a. [L. mercor.] To be sold or bought. f MER-CAN-TANTE, u. [It. mercatante.] A foreign trader. —Skak. * MERCANTILE, a. [It. and Fr. ; L. mercans.] 1. Trading ; commercial; carrying on commerce. 2. Pertaining or re- lating to commerce or trade. MER-GAPTAN, n. [mercury, and L. capto.] A liquid of a strong garlic odor, composed of sulphur, carbon, and hy- drogen ; so named from its energetic action on mercury. fMER'-GAT, n. [L. mercatus.] Market; trade.— Sprat. MER-C1TORS CHART, n. [from Mercator, the inventor.] A chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projec- tion. See Projection. MER'CE-NA-RI-LY, adv. In a mercenary manner. MER'CE-NA-RI-NESS, n. Venality ; regard to hire or re- ward. — Boyle. MER'CE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. mercenaire; L. mercenarius.] 1. Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by the hope of re- ward ; moved by the love of money. 2. Hired ; purchas- ed by money ; hireling, as troops. 3. Sold for money, as blood. — Shale. 4. Greedy of gain ; mean ; selfish. 5. Con- tracted from motives of gain. MER'CE-NA-RY, n. One who is hired; a soldier that is hired into foreign service ; a hireling. MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier.] One who deals in silks and woolen cloths. — Smart. MER'CER-SHIP, n. The business of a mercer. MER'CER-Y, n. [Fr. merceric.] The commodities or goods in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers. HIER'CHAND, v. i. [Fr. marchander .] To trade. — Bacon. MER'CHAND-lSE, n. [Fr.] 1. The objects of commerce ; waies, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or sold in trade L 2. Trade; traffic; commerce. MER'CHAND-iSE, v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce. MER'CH A N D-iS-ING, ppr. or a. Trading.— Moore. 1 MER'CH AND-RY, n. Trade; commerce.— Saunderson. MERCHANT, n. [Fv.marchand; It.mercante; Sp.?nerchante.] I. A man who traffics or carries on trade with foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and sells them by wholesale.— 2. In popular usage, any trader, or one; who deals in the purchase and sale of goods. 3. A ship in trade; [obs.] MERCHANT, v. i. To trade MER'CHANT-LiKE, a. Like a merchant. MER'CHANT TaI'LOR, re. A tailor who keeps a shop con- taining articles used in his trade. MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Fit for market; such as is usually sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary price.— Syn. Marketable ; vendible ; salable'. MERCHANT-MAN, n. A ship or vessel employed in the transportation of goods, as distinguished horn a ship of war rJWER'CI-A-BLE, a. Merciful.— Gomer. MER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Having or exercising mercy ; disposed to pity offenders, and to forgive their offenses ; m. willing to punish for injuries. 2. Unwilling to give pain ; not cruel. — Syn. Compassionate ; tender; humane ; gracious; kind ; mild ; clement ; benignant. MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. WitlTcompassion or pity ; tender- ly; mildly. MER'CI-FUL-NESS, re. Tenderness toward offenders ; will- ingness to forbear punishment ; readiness to forgive. t MERCI-FY, v. t. To pity.— Spenser. MER'CI-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of mercy, as a man. 2. Not sparing, as a storm. — Syn. Cruel ; unfeeling ; unmerciful ; pitiless; hard-hearted; severe; barbarous; savage. MER'CI-LESS-L Y, adv. In a manner void of mercy ; cruelly. MER'CLLESS-NESS, re. Want of mercy or pity. MER-€u'RI-AL, a. [L. mercurialis.] 1. Formed under the influence of Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; full of fire or vigor. — Swift. 2. Pertaining to Mercury as the god of commerce ; hence, money-making ; crafty ; [obs.] 3. Per- taining to quicksilver ; containing quicksilver, or consist ing of mercury. MER-€fj'RI-AL-IST, re. One under the influence of Mercu- ry, orcne resembling Mercury in variety of character. MER-€u'RI-AL-lZE, v. i. 1. To be humorous or fantastic ; [not used.] — 2. In medicine, to affect the system with mer- cury. MER-Cu'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a mercurial or lively manner ; actively. MER-€U-RI-FI-€A'TION, re. 1. In mctallurgic chemistry, the process of obtaining the mercury from metallic minerals in its fluid form. 2. The act of mixing with quicksilver. MERCU-RI.ED (-rid), pp. Washed with a preparation of mercury. MER-€u'RI-Ff, v. t. To obtain mercury from metallic min- erals. — Encyc. MER'€U-RY, n. [L. Mercurius.] 1. In mythology, the mes- senger and interpreter of the gods, and the god of elo- quence and trade. 2. Quicksilver, a metal which, at ordi- nary temperatures, is liquid, but becomes solid at 39° be- low zero. Its specific gravity is nearly 14 times that of water. Besides being extensively used in medicine, it is employed in the amalgamation of the noble metals, in wa- ter-gilding, in silvering looking-glasses, making barometers and thermometers, i;iuar'y, oa who attends a mountebank or quack doctor. [Said te have been derived from one Andrew Borde, a pnysiciai in the time of Henry VIII., who gained attention by face- tious speeches to the multitude. — Smart.] MER'RY-M!K-ING, a. Producing mirth.— Hillhouse. MER'RY-MIK-ING, ) . , ,. . .. f ... MER'RY-MEET-ING, 5 n - A festlval > a meeting for mirtfc MER-RY-THOUGHT (-thawt), n. The forked bore 6.T fowl's breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each one side, the longest part broken betokening priority cf marriage. — Echard. MER'SION (mur'shun), n. [L. mersio.] The act of sinking or plunging under water. [Little used.] Sec Immeesion ME-Ru'LLDANS, n. pi. Birds of the thrush family. MES-A-RaT€, a. [Gr. /jtEGnpuiov.] The same as mesenteric', pertaining to the mesentery. ME-SEEMS', verb impersonal, [me and seems.] It seems to me. It is used also in the past tense, meseemed. — Spenser MES-EN-TER'IC, a. Pertainins to the mesentery. MES'EN-TER-Y, n. [Gr. plegevteplov.] A membrane in tfcs.] A precious stone with a streak of white in the middle. — Ash. MES'O-LlTE, 7i. A mineral of the zeolite family. tMES-0-LOGA-RITHM,7i. [Gr. ^egos, and logarithm.] A log- arithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. — KepUr. — Button. t ME-SOM'E-L AS, 7i. [Gr. /xegos and/^Aaf.] A precious stone striped with blick. — Ash. MES'O-SPERM, 7t. [Gr. jxegoS and GTzepna.] In botany, a membrane of a seed, the second from the surface ; se- cundine. MES-O-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. heoos and $u)(pa£.] In entomology, the middle segment of the thorax in insects. MES'O-TyPE, 7t~ [Gr. ^egos and rvnoS-] A zeolitic mineral, occurring in slender crystals and delicately radiated con- cretions, lately subdivided into the species natrolite, scole- cite, and mesole. t MES-PRlSE', 7i. Contempt. [A French word.] MESS, 7i. [Fr. mets ; Goth, mes.] 1. A dish or a quantity of food prepared or set on a table at one time. 2. A medley ; a mixed mass; a quantity. 3. As much provender or grain as is given to a beast at once. 4. A number of per- sons who eat together ; [among seamen and soldiers.] MESS, v. i. 1. To eat ; to leed. 2. To associate at the same table ; to eat in company, as seamen. MESS, v. t. To supply with a mess. MESS'-MaTE, 7i. An associate in eating. MES'SAGE, 7i. [Fr.] 1. Any notice, word, or communica- tion, written or verbal, sent from one person to another errand. 2. An official written communication of facts « D6VE ;— B^JLL, UNITE ;— AN' 7 GER, Vl'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete MET 636 MET opinions sen by a chief magistrate to tne two houses of a leg 5 -»latur* or other deliberative body. 3. An official verb- afcomrnunieation from one branch of a legislature to the other. MESSED mest) pp. Associated at the same table. MES'SEN-GER \ n. [Fr. messager.] 1. One who bears a MES'SA-GER, 5 message or an errand. 2. He or that which foreshows ; as, messenger of the dawn. — 3. Messen- \ ger, in naval language, a hawser or small cable, about six- j ty fathoms long, wound round the capstan, and having its two ends lashed together. — Syn. Carrier ; intelligencer ; | courier ■ harbinger ; forerunner ; precursor ; herald. MES-Sl'AH. n. [Heb. n v a£, anointed.] Christ, the Anoint- ed : the Savior of the world. MES-SlAH-SHIP, n. The character, state, or office of the Savior. — Buckminster. MES-SI-AN'16, a. Relating to the Messiah. 'MES'SIEURS (mesh'yerz), n. [Fr. ; pi. of monsieur, my lord.] Sirs ; gentlemen ; abbreviated into messrs. (KES'SUAgE (mes'swaje), n. [from Old Fr. meson, meson- age.] In law, a dwelling-house and adjoining land, appro- priated tc the use of the" household, including the adjacent buildings. MES-T'i'ZO. >i. [Sp. mixed.] In Spanish America, the child of a Spaniard or Creole and a native Indian. — Brande. ME-SYM'NI-GUM, n. A repetition at the end of a stanza. MET, pret. and pp. of meet. ME-TAB'A-SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, transition; a passing from one thing to another. ME-TAB'O-LA ft. [Gr. fizTaSoXn.] m medicine, a change of air, time, or disease. — Diet. [Little used.] MET-A-Bo'LI-AN, n. [Gr. peraBoXn.] An insect which un- dergoes a metamorphosis. The metabolians form a sub- class of insect3. — Brande. MET-A-€aRTAL, a. Belonging to the metacarpus. MET-A-CXR'PUS, ft. [Gr. nira snd. Kap-oi.] In anatomy, the part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. HE-TA€H'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. pera and xpovos.] An error in chronology, by placing an event after its real time. MET'A-CISM n. A defect in pronouncing the letter m. Me'TAGE. n. Measurement of coal ; price of measuring. MET-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. fxera and ypanjxa.] Ana- grammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the letters of a name into such a connection as to express some perfect sense applicable to the person named. — Camden. •MET'^L (meftl). n. [Fr. ; L. metallum.] 1. A simple, fixed, shining, opaque body or substance. Insoluble in water, fusi- ble by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, and having a peculiar lustre, known as the metallic lustre. 2. Courage ; spirit ; so written, by mistake, for mettle. 3. The broken stone used for covering macadamized roads ; [England.] MET-A-LEP'SI3, n. JGr. ^rrzA??^?.] In rhetoric, the con- junction of two or more different figures in the same word ; as, "in one Csesar there are many Mariuses." Here the word Marius is put, by synecdoche, for an aspiring man, and then, by metonymy, for the evil consequences of such a character to the public safety, forming a metalepsis. ilET-A-LEPTI-G, a L Pertaining to a metalepsis or parti- cipation ; translative. 2. Transverse. — 3. in natural sci- ence, denoting the substitution of one substance for anoth- er, which is displaced or removed. — Dana. AIET-A-LEP'TI€-AL-LY, adv. By transposition. ME-TAL'LI€, la. [L. mrtallicus.] Pertaining to a metal ME-TAL'LI€-AL. ) or metals ; consisting of metal ; par- taking of the nature of metals ; like a metaL MET-AL-LIF'ER-OUS. a. [L metallum and /era] Produc- ing metals ; yielding metals.— Kir-wan. ME-TAL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of metals; like metal. — Kirwan. * METAL-LlNE, a. 1. Pertaining to a metal ; consisting of metal. 2. Impregnated with metal. METAL-LIST, n. A worker in metals, or one skilled in metals. — Moxoji. MET-AL-LI-ZZ.TION, ft.. The act or process of forming into a metal. METAL-LlZE, v. t. To form into metal ; to give to a sub- stance its_ proper metallic properties. METAL-LlZ£D pp. Formed into metal. METAL-LlZ-ING, ppr. Forming into metaL MET-AL-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ^raXXov and ypad>, h ] An account or description of metals. METAL-LOID, n. [metal, and Gr. elSos-] A name some- times applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and earths, MET-AL-LOIDAL, a that of a metal. MET-AL-LUR'GI€, a, of working metals. METAL-LUR-GISI Having a form or appearance like Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art n. One whose occupation is tc work metals, or to purify, refine, and prepare metals for use METAL-LUR-GY, ft. [Gr. fieraWov and cpyov.] The art of working metals from the state of ore to the utensil, com- prehending assaying, smelting, refining, smithery, &c. Usu- ally, in a more limited sense, the separation of metals from their ores or other combinations. — Hebert. METAL-MAN, n. A worker in metals ; a coppersmith or tinman. MET-A-MORPH1C, a. In geology, pertaining to changes which minerals or rocks may have undergone since their original deposition ; usually applied to changes which sed- imentary rocks have undergone through the influence of heat. — Dana. MET-A-MORPH'ISM, n. In geology, the state or quality cf being metamorphic. MET-A-MORPH'OSE, v. t. [Gr. nemnoptbow.] To change into a different form ; to transform ; particularly, to change the form of insects, as from the larva to a winged animal — Dryden. MET-A-M0RPH'0S£D, pp. Changed into a different form. MET-A-MORPH'O-SER, n. One who transforms or changes the shape. MET-A-MORPH'0-SI€, a. Changing the form ; transform- ing. MET-A-MORPH'O-SING, p}r. Chandng the shape. MET-A-MORPH'O-SIS, n. [Gr.] 1. Change of form or shape transformation ; particularly, a change in the form of be- ing, as of a chrysalis into a winged animal. 2. Any change of form or shape. MET-A-MOR-PHOS'TI€-AL, a. Pertaining to or affected by metamorphosis. META-PHOR, n. [Gr. ^m and its phenomena. ME-TE-OR-OL'O-GIST, n. One skilled in meteorolojry. ME-TE-OR-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. nercojpos and \oyo;.] That science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenome- na. — Olmsted. ME-TE-OR'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. iiermpov and ,mvTtia.] A species of divination by meteors, chiefly by thunder and liehtninar. METE-OR'O-SCOPE, n. An instrument for taking the mag- nitude and distances of heavenly bodie3. fNot in use.] ME-TE-OR-OS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. //crew/Jo? and ckoiteu.] That part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, distance of stars, &c. — Bailey. [Not in use.] ME-Te'OR-OUS, a. Having the nature of a meteor. Mf.'TER, n. One who measures ; [used in compounds.] Mk'TER, "Hi. [Sax. meter ; Fr. metre. All the compoimds of METRE, 3 this word are conformed to English orthogra- raphy, as diameter, &c. The same would be desirable in the simple word.] 1. Measure; verse: arrangement of poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 2. A French measure of length, equal to 39 ^ English inches. t MeTE'WAND, n. [mete and wand.] A staff or rod of a cer- tain length, used as a measure. — Ascham. JMeTETaRD, n. [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, staff, or rod, used as a measure. ME-THEG'LIN, n. [W. mezyglin.] A liquor made of honey and water, boiled and fermented, often enriched with spices. ME-THINKS', v. impers. ; pp. mcthought. [me and think.] It seems to me ; it appears to me ; I think. * METH'OD, n. [L. mcthodus.] 1. A suitable and convenient arrangement of things, proceedings, or ideas ; the natural or regular disposition of separate things or parts. 2. Way ; manner ; as, method of proceeding. 3. Classification ; ar- rangement of natural bodies according to their common characteristics. In natural arrangements, a distinction is sometimes made between method and system. System is an arrangement founded, throughout all its parts, on some one principle. Method is an arrangement less fixed and determ- inate, and founded on more general relations. — Syn. Or- der ; regularity ; rule ; mode ; course ; means. ME-THODTG, 7 a. Arranged in convenient order ; dis- ME-THODTG-AL, 5 posed in a just and natural manner, or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate practical operations. ME-THODTG-AL-LY, adv. In a methodical manner; ac- cording to natural or convenient order. METH'OD -ISM, n. The doctrines and worship of the sect of Christians called Methodists. METH'OD-IST, n. 1. One who observes method. 2. One of a sect of Christians founded by John Wesley, and so called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the strictness of their principles and rules. The name is also given, in England, to the followers of Whitefield, or Cal- vinistic Methodists. 3. A physician who practices by meth- od or theory. — Boyle. 4. A cant term of derision for one strictly relisious. METH-OD-IST'IC, \a. Resembling the Methodists ; par- METH-OD-ISTIG-AL, 5 taking of the strictness of Meth- odists.— Ch. Obs. METH-OD-IST1C-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of Meth- odists. METH'OD-TZE, v. t. To reduce to method ; to dispose in due orderj to arrange in a convenient manner. METH'OD-lZ.ED, pp. Reduced to method. METH'OD-IZ-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order. UE-THOUGHT (me-thawtO, pret. of methinks. It seemed to me ; I thought. — Milton. — Dry den. METHT-LENE, n. [Gr. fiedv and v^n.] A highly volatile and inflammable liquid produced by the destructive distillation of wood. — Brande. M.ETTG, n. [Gr. ^etolkoS-] In ancient Greece, a sojourner ; a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place. • ME-TIC'U-LOUS, a. [L. meticulosus.] Timid.— Coles. MET'O-CHE, n. [Gr. jietex^.] In architecture, the space be tween two dentils. Brande. ME-TONq€ CY'CLE, ) n. The cycle of the moon, t»r pea ME-TON'IC YEAR, 5 od of nineteen years, in which the lunations of the moon return to the same days o," the month ; so called from its discoverer, Meton, the Athenian. MET-O-NYM'IC, \ a. Used by way of metonymy, bj MET-0-NYM'I€-AL, $ putting one word for another. MET-O-NYM'IC-AL-LY, adv. By metonymy, * MET'O-NYM-Y or ME-TON'Y-MY, n. [Gr. ^r^vv^a.] Is rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put for another ; a change of names which have some relation to each other, MET'O-PE, n. [Gr. ixeto-v.] In architecture, the space be- tween the triglyphs of the Doric frieze. MET-O-POS'CO-PIST, n. One versed in physiognomy. MET-0-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. /xstwttov and ckottsoj.] The study of physiognomy. Me'TRE. See Meter. METRIC-AL, a. [L. metricus ; Fr. vietrique.] 1. Pertaining to measure, or due arrangement or combination of long and short syllables. 2. Consisting of verses. METRIC-AL-LY, adv. In a metrical manner. ME-TRF'CIAN, > . „ , r „ r Me'TRIST s n ' writer oi verses. — Bale. [Not m use.] ME-TROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ixnpov and XoyoS.] An account oi measures, or the science of weights and measures. — J. Q. METRO-NoME, n. [Gr. fisTpea) and vow-] Aninstrumert on the principle of the clock, having a short pendulum, which serves to measure time in music. ME-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. nerpeo}, to measure, and vow, di- vision.] The measuring time by an instrument, ME-TROP'O-LIS, n. [L. ; Gr. unTpoizoXis, mother-city.] The chief city or capital of a kingdom, state, or country. MET-RO-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to a metropolis, or to the mother-church ; residing in the chief city. MET-RO-POL'I-TAN, n. The bishop who presides over the other bishops of a province. — In the Latin Church, the same as archbishop; in the Greek Church, one whose see is le- ally a civil metropolis. — Hook. t ME-TROP'O-LiTE, n. A metropolitan. MET-RO-POL'I-TIC, \a. Pertaining to a metropolis ; MET-RO-PO-LITTC-AL, 5 chief; pertaining to a metro- politan or to his see. METTLE (meffl), n. [usually supposed to be corrupted from metal.] Spirit ; constitutional ardor ; that tempera- ment which is susceptible of high excitement. METTLED, a. High-spirited; ardent; full of fire. METTLE-S6ME, a. Full of spirit ; possessing constitution al ardor ; brisk ; fiery.— Tatler. METTLE-S6ME-LY, adv. With sprightliness. METTLE-S6ME-NESS, n. The state of being high-spirited. Me'UM ET TU'UM. [L.] Mine and thine. MEW (mu), n. [Sax. maw; D. meeuio; G. mewe.] A sea fowl of the genus larus ; a gull. MEW (mu), n. [Fr. mue ; Ann. muz.] A cage for birds ; at inclosure ; a place of confinement MEW (mu), v. t. To shut up ; to inclose ; to confine, as in a cage or other inclosure.— Dryden. MEW (mu), v. t. [W. miw; It. mudare; Fr. muer.] To shed or cast ; to change ; to molt. — Dryden. MEW (mu), v. i. [W. mewian.] To cry as a cat. MEW, v. i. To change ; to put on a new appearance. MEWING (mu'ing), n. 1. The act of casting the feathers or skin. 2. A crying, as of a cat. MEWING, ppr. Casting the feathers or skin ; crying. MEWL, v. i. [Fr. m.iauler ; It. miagolare.] To cry from un- easiness, as a child. — Shak. MEWL'ER, n. One who squalls or mewls. MEWS (muz), n. pi. The royal stables in London, so called because built where the king's hawks were once mewed. ME-ZE'RE-ON, n. A small ornamental European shrub, whose extremely acrid bark is used in medicine. MEZ'ZA-NlNE, n, [lt.l 1. A story of small height intro- duced between two higher ones. — Brande. 2. A low win- dow, less in height than in breadth. — Buchanan. MEZ'ZO (med'zo). [It.] In music, denotes middle, mean. MEZ'ZO-RE-I. iE V'O (med'zo-re-lev'o), n. [It. mc zzorelicvo.] A middle point of relief in figures, between high and low relief. MEZ'ZO VO'CE (med'zo vo'cha). [It] In music, with a medium fullness of soimd. * MEZ-ZO-TINT'O (mez-zo- or med-zo-), n. [\t.] A mode of engraving or representation of figures on copper, in im- itation of painting in Indian ink. Mezzotint is also used. Ml._ The third note in the musical scale, between re and /a * Ml'ASM, 72. The same as miasma. — Harvey. Ml-ASMA. n. ; pi. Miasmata. [Gr., from (iiaivut.] Infecting substances floating in the air ; the efiiuvia of any putrefy- ing bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere. Ml-AS'MAL, a. Containing miasma. Ml-AS-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to miasma; partaking of the qualities of noxious effluvia. D6VE :— BU LL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; SHasSH- TH as in this t Obsclcte. MID 638 M1G M^ Mf'*" A i. ['' v>ica.] A mineral capable of being cleaved imo elastic ] lates ot extreme thinness. It is generally mure a 0w.] The de- scription of objects too smaU to be discerned without the aid of a microscope. MI-CROME-TER, n. [Gr. yuxpos and fxcTpov.] An instru- ment applied to the telescope or microscope for measur- ing small objects, spaces, or angles. Ml-CRO-METRIC-AL, a. Belonging to the micrometer; made by the micrometer. — Humboldt. Ml'CRO-PHONE, n. [Gr. /uicpos and (pwvrj.) An instrument to augment small sounds ; a microcoustic. Ml'€RO-PrLE, n. [Gr. fxiKpos, small, and ttuA??, mouth.] In botany, the mouth of the foramen of an ovulum. — Lindley. MI'CRO-SCOPE, n. [Gv.piKpos and ckotteu).] An optical in- strument, consisting of lenses or mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible minute objects which can not be seen by the naked eye, or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visible bodies. Ml-€RO-S€OP'I€, \a. 1. Made by the aid of a micro- Mi-€RO-S€OP'l€-AL, 5 scope.— Arbuthnot. 2. Assisted by a microscope. 3. Resembling a microscope ; capable of seeing small objects. 4. Very small ; visible only by the aid of a microscope. Ml-€RO-S€OP'I€-AL-LY, adv. By the microscope ; with minute inspection. — Good. Mi'CRO-SGo-PIST, n. One skilled in microscopy. MI-€ROS'€0-PY, n. The use of the microscope. Ml'CRO-TiNE, a. [Gr.jxLKpos, small.] Having or consisting of small crystals. — Shepard. MI€-TU-Ri"TION (-rish'un), n. [L. micturio.] The desire of making water, or passing the urine.— Darwin. MID, a. [Sax. midd, midde.] 1. Middle ; at equal distance from extremes. 2. Intervening ; as, in mid air. MID'-a a - Bein g at noon ; meridional.— Addison. MID'-DaY, n. The middle of the day ; noon.— Donne. MID'-He AV-EN, n. The middle of the sky or heaven. »Tr2ror EN / r ' n - t Sax - inidlencten.] The middle of lent. MID -SUM-MER, n. The middle of summer ; the summer solstice, about the 21st of June.— Swift. MID'- WIN-TER, n. The middle of winter ; winter solstice. MID'-WOOD, n. The middle of the wood.— Thomson * Ml'D A, n. [Gr. ni5a<;.] A worm, or the bean-fly.- Chambers MIDDEN, n. A dunghill.— Favour. tMID'DEST, a. superl. of mid.— Spenser. MID'DLE (mid'dl), a. [Sax. ; D. middel; G. mittel; Dan. mid- del] 1. Equally distant from the extremes. 2. Interme diate ; intervening.— Middle Ages, the period which inter vened between the fall of the Roman Empire and the re- vival of letters in the fifteenth century.— The middle term of a syllogism is one with which the two extremes are separately compared, and by means of which they are brought together in the conclusion . /MID'DLE, n. 1. The point or part equally distant from the extremities. 2. The time that passes, or events tnat hap- pen between the beginning and the end. MID'DLE-AGED, a. Being about the middle of the ordina- ry age of man. MID'DLE-DECK, n. The deck below the main deck in t MID'DLE-eARTH, n. [Sax. middan-eard.] The wcrld. MID'DLE-MAN, n. An agent between two parties ; partic- ularly in Ireland, one who takes land of the proprietors in large tracts, and then rents it out in small portions to the peasantry at a greatly enhanced price. MID'DLE-MoST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the middle of a number of things that are near the middle. MID'DLING, a. [Sax. midlenJ] Of middle rank, state, size, or quality ; about equally distant from the extremes ; mod- erate. MID'DLINGS, n. pi. The coarser part of flour. MID'DLING-LY, adv. Passably ; indifferently.— Johnson. MIDGE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or fly. MID'LAND, a. 1. Being in the interior country ; dist6i>£ from the coast or sea-shore. — Hale. 2. Surrounded bj the sea ; mediterranean. — Dryden. MID'LEG, n. Middle of the leg.— Bacon. MID'LlFE, n. The middle of life, or of the usual age of maa — Southey. MID'MoST, a. Middle; as, the midmost battles. — Dryden. MID'NIGHT (-nite), n. The middle of the night ; twelve o'clock at night. MID'NIGHT, a. 1. Being in the middle of the night— Bacon. 2. Dark as midnight ; very dark. MIDTRIB, n. [mid, middle, and rib.] In botany, a continua- tion of the petiole, extending from the base to the apex of the laminae of a leaf. — Lindley. MID'RIFF, n. [Sax. midhrife.] In anatomy, the diaphragm — Quincy. MID'Se A, n. The midst of the sea. — Dryden. MID'SHIP, a. Being in the middle of a ship. MID'SHIP-MAN, n. In ships of war, a kind of naval cadet, whose business is to second the orders of the superior offi- cers and assist in the necessary business of the ship. Passed midshipman, one who has passed examination and is a candidate for promotion to the rank of lieutenant. Totten. MID'SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship ; properly, amid- ships. MIDST, n. [contracted from middest, the superl. of m^'d.^ The middle. — Dryden. The phrase in the midst often sig- lifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by. MIDST, adv. In the middle.— Milton. MID'STRE AM, n. The middle of the stream.— Dryden t MID'WARD, adv. Midst MID' WaY, n. The middle of the way or distance. MID'WaY, a. Being in the middle of the way or distance. MIDWAY, adv. In the middle of the way ; half way. MID'WlFE, n. [mid and wif] A woman who assists othe women in childbirth. MID'WlFE, v. i. To perform the office of midwife. MID'WlFE, v. t. To assist in childbirth. * MID'WlFE-RY, n. 1. The art or practice of assisting women in childbirth ; obstetrics. 2. Assistance at child- birth^ 3. Help or co-operation in production. Ml'E-MlTE, n. A variety of magnesian limestone, found at Miemo, in Tuscany. MIeN (meen), n. [Fr. mine; Dan., Sw. mine; Corn, mein.) The whole external appearance with correspondent car- riage of body. — Syn. Look ; air ; countenance -, aspect ; demeanor; deportment; manner. MIFF, n. A slight degree of resentment. — Holloway. [Col- loquial.] MIFFED (mift), a. Slightly offended. MlGHT (mite), pret. of may. 1. Had power or liberty. 2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance ol the fact in the speaker ; as, it might be so. MIGHT (mite), n. [Sax. might, meht ; G.macht.] 1. Strength; force ; power ; primarily and chiefly, bodily strength or physical power. 2. Political power or great achieve- ments. 3. National strength ; physical power or military force. 4. Valor, with bodily strength ; military prowess, 5. Ability; strength or application of means. 6. Strength or force of purpose. 7. Strength of affection. 8. Strength of light ; splendor; effulgence. — With might and main, with the utmost strength. MlGHTI-LY (mite-le), adv. 1. With great power, force, or strength ; vigorously. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnest ness. 3. Powerfully ; with great energy. 4. With great strength of argument 5. With great or irresistible force ; greatly ; extensively. 6. With strong means of defense. 7. Greatly ; to a great degree ; very much. — Spectator ; [colloquial.] MlGHT'I-NESS, n. I Power; greatness ; height of dignky 2. A title of dignity ; as, their High Mightinesses. MIGHTY (mite), a. [Sax. mihtig.) 1. Having yreat bodily strength or physical power; very strong or vigorous. 2 1 Sec Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—L E, I, &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;— MO^ E, JSOC K MIL 639 Mil. Very strong ; valiant ; bold. 3. Very powerful ; having great command ; potent. 4. Very strong in numbers. 5. Very strong or great in corporeal power ; very able. 6. Violent ; very loud. 7. Vehement ; rushing with violence. 8. Very great ; vast. 9. Very great or strong. 10. Very forcible ; efficacious. 11. Very great or eminent in intel- lect or acquirements. 12. Great ; wonderful ; performed with great power. 13. Very severe and distressing. 14. Very great, large, or populous. 15. Important ; moment- ous. MlGHTT, adv. In a great degree ; very ; as, mighty wise. — Trior. [ Colloquial] MIGN'IARD (min'yard), a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft; dainty; delicate ; pretty. — Ben Jonson. MIGN-ON-NETTE' (min-yo-netf), n. [Fr.] An annual plant, reseda odorata, bearing flowers of an agreeable odor. Mi'GRaTE, v. i. [L. migro.] 1. To pass or remove from one country or from one state to another, with a view to a residence. 2. To pass or remove from one region or district to another for a temporary residence. MI'GRa-TING, ppr. or a. Removing from one state to an- otherfor a permanent residence. Mi-GRa'TION, n. [L. migratio.] 1. The act of removing from one kingdom or state to another for the purpose of residence. 2. Change of place ; removal. Ml'GRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Removing or accustomed to remove from one state or country to another for permanent resi- dence. 2. Roving; wandering; occasionally removing for pasturage. 3. Passing from one climate to another, as birds. MILCH, a. [Sax. melee.] 1. Giving milk; as, milch cows or goats. 2. Soft ; tender , merciful ; as, milch-hearted. — Shak. MILD, a. [Sax. mild; G., D., Sw., Dan. mild.] 1. Gently and pleasantly affecting the senses ; not violent. 2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive, or drastic ; operating gently ; not acri- monious ; as, mild medicine. 3. Having tenderness and gentleness of temper or disposition ; not severe or cruel. 4. Not fierce, rough, or angry ; as, mild words. 5. Not fierce ; not stern ; not frowning ; as, a mild countenance. 6. Not sharp, tart, sour, or bitter; moderately sweet or pleasant to the taste. 7. In a state of calmness or tran- quillity. 8. Moderate ; not violent or intense. — Syn. Soft ; gentle ; bland ; calm ; tranquil ; soothing ; pleasant ; pla- cid ; meek ; kind ; merciful ; tender ; indulgent ; clement ; compassionate ; mollifying ; demulcent ; lenitive ; assua- sive. MlLD'-SPIRTT-ED, ) a. Having a mild temper.— Arbuth- MILD'-TEM'PERJED, j not.— Scott. MIL'DEW (mil'du), n. [Sax. mildeaw.] A thin whitish coat- ing found sometimes on the leaves of vegetables, occasion- ing disease, decay, and death. It is also found on paper, cloth, &c. It consists of innumerable minute fungi. MIL'DEW, v. t. To taint with mildew.— Shak. MILDEW.ED (-dude), pp. Tainted or injured by mildew. MIL'DEW-ING, ppr. Tainting with mildew. MlLD'LY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or violently; moderately. MlLD'NESS, n. 1. Softness ; gentleness. 2. Tenderness ; mercy ; clemency. 3. Gentleness of operation. 4. Soft- ness ; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly. 5. Temperateness ; moderate state. MILE, n. [L. mille passus ; Sax., Sw. mil; Fr. mille.] A measure of length or distance. The English or statute mile contains 8 furlongs, 320 rods, poles, or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. The English geographical mile is ^ of a degree of latitude, or about 2025 yards. The Roman mile was 1000 paces, equal to 1614 yards, English measure. The German short mile is nearly equal to 3^, English miles ; the German long mile to 5^ English miles ; the Prussian and Danish miles are each about 4j^> English miles. The Swedish mile is about 6| English miles. MlLE'AGE, n, Fees paid for travel by the mile. MILE'SToNE, n. A stone set to mark the distance or space of a mile. A post used for this purpose is called a mile-post. MIL'FOIL, n. [L. millefolium.] An herb ; yarrow. M^LIA-RY (mil'ya-re), a. [Fr. miliaire ; L. milium,.] 1. Re- sembling millet-seeds. 2. Accompanied with an eruption like millet-seeds ; as, miliary fever. \ MIL-ICE^ for militia. MIL'I-O-LlTE, n. Fossil remains of the miliola, a minute mollusk. MlL'I-TAN-CY, n. Warfare. — Montagu. [Little used.] MIL'I TANT, a. [L. militans.] 1. Fighting ; combating ; iierving as a soldier. Spenser. — 2. The Church militant is the Christian Church on earth, which is supposed to be engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies ; thus distinguished from the Church triumphant, or in heaven. — Hooker. MIL'I TA-RI-LY, adv. In a soldierly manner. VILTTA-RY, a. [Fr. militaire; L. militaris.] 1. Pertaining to soldiers or to arms. 2. Engaged in the service of sol- diers or arms. 3. Warlike ; becoming a soldier ; martial. 4. Derived from the services or exploits of a soldier. 5. Conformable to the customs or rules of armies or niilma 6. Performed or made by soldiers. — Military te.mre, a ten- ure of land, on condition of performing military service. MIL'I-TA-RY, n. The whole body of soldiers ; soldiery • mi litia ; an army. — Mitford. MIL'I-TaTE, v. i. [L. milito.] To militate against, is to op- pose ; to be or to act in opposition. — Smollett. MI-LI'TIA (me-lish'a), n. [L.] The body of soldiers in e state enrolled for discipline, but not engaged in actual serv- ice except in emergencies. In England the militia con- sist of 200,000 men, who do service about twenty-eight days in the year. — P. Cyc. In the United States the militia is composed of persons between 18 and 45 years of age. MI-LI"TIA-MAN, n. One who belongs to the militia. MILK, n. [Sax. melee ; G. milch; D. melk.] 1. A white fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female animals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of then young. 2. The white juice of certain plants. 3. Emulsion made by bruising seeds ; as, the milk of almonds, produc- ed by pounding almonds with sugar and water. MILK, v. t. [Sax. mclcan, meolcian ; G., D. melkcn.] 1. To draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand. 2. To suck; [obs.] MILK'-FE-VER, n. A fever which sometimes accompanies the first secretion of milk in females after childbirth. MILK'-HEDGE, n. A shrub growing on the Coromandel coast, containing a milky juice. MILK-LIV-ERJ2D, a. Cowardly; timorous.— Shak. MILK'-PaIL, n. A pail which receives the milk drawn from cows. MILK'-PAN, n. A pan in which milk is set. MILK-POR'RIDGE, \n. A species of food composed of MILK-POTTA6E, 5 milk, or milk and water, boiled with meal or flour. MILK'-SCoRE, n. An account of milk sold or purchased in small quantities, scored or marked. MILK'-SICK-NESS, n. A peculiar, malignant disease, oc- curring in some localities of the Western United States, and affecting certain kinds of farm-stock, and persons who make use of the meat or dairy products of infected cattle. — Farm. Encyc. MILK'-THIS-TLE (-this!), n. An esculent European plant of the thistle kind, having the veins of its leaves of a milky whiteness. MILK'-TOOTH, n. The fore-tooth of a foal, which comes at the age of about three months, and is cast within two or three years.— Farm. Diet. MILK-TE.EE, n. A name of several trees yielding a milkj juice, especially of those in which this juice is fit for food , as the cow-tree. MILK'-TR.e'FOIL, n. A plant said to be a cytisus. MILK'- VETCH, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. MILK-WORT, n. A plant of the genera polygala, euphor- bia, &c. MILK'-WEED, n. An herb abounding in a milky juice, and having its seeds attached to a long, silky down. MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk.— Dryden. MILK'-WoM-AN, n. A woman who sells milk. MILK.ED (milkt), pp. Drawn from the breasts by the hand. t MILK' JEN, a. Consisting of mille— Temple. MILKER, n. One who milks. MILK'I-LY, adv. After the manner of milk ; lacteally. MILK'I-NESS, n. Qualities like these of milk ; softness. MILK'ING, ppr. Drawing milk from the breasts of an ani- mal by the hand. MILK'ING, n. The act of drawing milk from the breasts of an animal by the hand. MILK'MIID, n. A woman who milks or is employed in the dairy ; sometimes a milk-woman. MILKMAN, n. A man who sells milk. MILKSOP, n. A piece of bread sopped in milk ; more usu- ally, a soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man. MILK'Y, a. 1. Made of milk. 2. Resembling milk. 3. Yield- ing milk. — 4. Figuratively, soft ; mild ; gentle ; timorous. —Shak. MILK'Y-WaY, n. The galaxy ; a broad, luminous path 07 circle in the heavens. MILL, n. [L. mille.] A money of account of the United States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a dollar. MILL, n. [Sax. miln ; W. melin ; Ir. meile.] 1. A compli- cated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine particles grain, fruit, or other substance, or for performing other operations by means of wheels and a circular mo- tion. 2. The house or building that contains the machine- ry for grinding, &c. MILL, v. t. 1. To grind ; to comminute ; to reduce to fine particles or to small pieces. — 2. In coining, to make a raised impression rotmd the edges of a piece of money to prevent the clipping of the coin. 3. To pass through a fulling-mill ; to full, as cloth.— 4. In cant language, to beat severely with the fists, as if in a fulling-mill. Smart. — To mill chocolate, is to froth it. See Froth. D6VE : — BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in Ms. t Obsolete MIL 640 MIN ML J. -HORSE, to. A horse that turns a mill. MIL i '-SIXTENCE, to. An old English coin of 1561, being one of the earliest that was milled. — Douce. MJLL'-TOOTH, to. ; pi. Mill-teeth. A grinder, dens mo- laris. MILL -WRIGHT (-rite), to. One who constructs mills. MILL'COG, to. The cog of a mill-wheel.— Mortimer. MILL'DAM, n. A dam or mound to obstruct a water-course, ai«* raise the water to an altitude sufficient to turn a mill- wheel. MILL'POND, to. A pond or reservoir of water raised for driving a mill-wheel. MILL'RaCE, to. The current of water that drives a mill- wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed. MILL'SToNE, n. A stone used for grinding grain. — To see into amillstone, to have unc jmmon penetration. MILL'SToNE-GRIT, to. A hard and coarse gritty sand- stone. MILLED (mild), pp. or a. Passed through a mill ; subject- ed to the operation of milling, as a coin ; fulled ; soundly beaten with the fists. MIL-LE-N a'RI-AN, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thou- sand years ; pertaining to the millennium. MIL-LE-N a'RI-AN, to. Achiliast; one who believes in Christ's personal reign on the earth for a thousand years. MIL-LE-N a'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrine of millenarians. MIL'LE-NA-RY, to. The space of a thousand years. — G. S. Faber. MIL'LE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thousand. — Arbuthno f . MIL-LEN'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to the millennium, or to a thousand years. — Burnet. MIL-LEN'NI-AL-IST, n. One who believes that Christ will reign on earth a thousand years ; a chiliast. MIL'LEN-NIST, n. One who holds to the millennium. MIL-LEN'NI-UM, n . [L. mille and ami us.] A thousand years ; a word used to denote the thousand years mentioned in Revelation, xx., during which period Satan will be bound, and holiness become tiiumphant throughout the world. During this period, as some believe, Christ will personally reign on earth with his saints. MIL'LE-PED, n. [L. mille and pes.] The wood-louse, an insect having many feet, a species of oniscus. MIL'LE-PORE, n. [L. mille and porus.] A genus of corals of the madrepore family, having the surface smooth, and perforated with very minute punctures or cells. — Dana. MIL'LE-PO-RITE, n. Fossil mfflepores. MILL'ER, 7i. [from mill.] 1. One whose occupation is to attend a grist-mill. 2. An insect, having wings covered, as it were, with white powder or flour. MILL'ER'S-THUMB (-fhum), ». A small fish of European streams, the river bull-head. MIL-LES'IM-AL, a. [L. millesimus.] Thousandth , consist- ing of thousandth parts. — Watts. MIL'LET, n. [Fr. millet, or mil] A plant, or the grain of a plant, having a stalk resembling a jointed reed. Various species, natives of warm climates, are used as food, but the Indian millet is the most common. — 2. Millet-grass, or millet, a hardy grass of several species. MIL-LI- ARD', n. [Fr.] A thousand millions. MIL'LI-A-RY, a. [L. milliarium.] Pertaining to a mile ; de- noting a mile ; as, a milliary column. — D'Anville. MIL'LI-A-RY, n. Among the Romans, a milestone. MIL'LI-GRAM, ? n. [L. mille, and Gr. ypiixjin.] In the MIL' LI- GRAMME, j system of French weights and meas- ures, the thousandth part of a gramme, or "0154 gram, troy weight. MIL-LIL'LT.ER, In. [L. mille, and liter.] A French meas- MIL'LI-Li'-TRE, ) ure of capacity, containing the thou- sandth part of a litre. MIL-LEM'E-TER, ) n. [L. mille and metmm.] A French lin- MIL' LI-ME-TRE, ) eal measure, containing the thou- sandth part of a metre. MILTIN-ER, n. [Johnson supposes this word to be Milaner, from Milan, in Italy.] A woman who makes and sells head-dresses, hats, or bonnets, u).] A writer ol farces or mimes. Ml'NA, n. [L.] A weight or denomination of money. The Jewish mina was 50 shekels ; the Attic 100 drachmas. MI-Na'CIOUS (me-na'shus), a. [L. minax.] Threatening; menacing. MI-NACI-TY (me-nas'e-te), to. Disposition to threaten. MIN'A-RET, n. [Arm. manaraton, a lantern ; W. mun.] In Saracen architecture, a slender, lofty turret on Mohammed- an mosques, having a balcony, from which the people are called to prayer. t MIN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. With threats.— Backet. * MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening ; menacing. — Bacon. MINCE, v. t. [Sax. minsian ; W. main ; Fr. menu, ?nince.] L To cut or chop into very small pieces. 2. To diminish in speaking ; to retrench, cut off, or omit a part for the pur- pose of suppressing the truth ; to extenuate or palliate in representation. 3.~To speak with affected softness ; to clip words ; not to utter the full sound. — Shah. 4. To walk with short or diminished steps. MINCE, v. i. 1. To walk with short steps ; to walk with affected nicety ; to affect delicacy in manner. 2. To speak softly, or with affected nicety. meEoS^r (»t), ] n - Me ' lt ch °PP ed ver > T fine MiNCE'-PlE, \n. A pie made with minced meat MiNGED'-PIE (minst-), 5 and other ingredients. MINCED (minst), pp. or a. Cut or chopped into very small pieces. MIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces ; speaking or walking affectedly. MIN'CING-LY, adv. In small parts ; not fully. MlND, n. [Sax. gcmind, gcmynd ; Dan. minde.] 1. Inten- tion ; purpose ; design. 2. Inclination ; will ; desire. 3. Opinion. 4. Memory ; remembrance. 5. The intellectual or intelligent power in man ; the understanding; the pow- er that conceives, judges, or reasons ; as, an active mind. 6. The heart or seat of affection. 7. The will and affcc tion. 8. The implanted principle of grace. — Rom., vii. MIND, v. t. 1. To attend to ; to fix the" thoughts on. 2. To attend to with submission. 3. To put in mind ; to remind , [obs.] 4. To intend ; to mean. Chapman. — Syn. To no- tice ; mark ; regard ; observe ; obey. t MIND, v. i. To be inclined, or disposed to incline. MIND'-FILL-ING, a. Filling the mind.— Mitford. t MIND'-STRI€K-.EN, a. Moved ; affected in mind. MIND'ED, a. Disposed ; inclined : used chiefly in hom- pounds: as, right- minded. MiND'ED-NESS^ to. Disposition ; inclination toward any thing. — Milner. MlND'FUL, a. Attentive ■ -egarding with care ; bearing til mind: "heedful; observant, regardful. MiND'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; needfully. MlND'FTJL-NESS, n. Attention ; regard ; neeafuiness, See Synopsis. A, E , I, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PER Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;- Mo'VE BOOK. MIN 641 MiJN MIND'ING, ppr. Regarding ; heeding. MfNDTNG, n. Regard. MrND'LESS, a. 1. Inattentive ; heedless ; forgetful : negli- gent ; careless. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectual powers. 3. Stupid; unthinking. MINE, a., called, sometimes, a pronominal adjective. [Sax., Sw., Dan. min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. mon; B.myn; G.mein.] My ; belonging to me. It was formerly used before nouns beginning with vowels; as, "I kept myself from mine in- iquity." Mine sometimes supplies the place of a noun ; as, your sword and mine are different in construction. MINE, n. [Fr. mine.] 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, from which metallic ores or other mineral substances are taken by digging. — 2. In the military art, a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or rampart of a forti- fication, where a quantity of powder may be lodged for blowing up the works. 3. A rich source of wealth or other good. MlNE, v. i. 1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth. 2. To form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching ; to form a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals. 3. To practice secret means of injury. WINE, v. t. 1. To sap ; to undermine ; to dig away or oth- erwise remove the substratum or foundation ; to ruin or destroy by slow degrees. MlNE'-DIG-GER, n. One who digs mines. MlN'ER, n. 1. One who digs for metals and other minerals. 2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a fort, &c. MIN'ER-AL, n. [Fr., Sp. mineral.] Any natural production formed by the action of chemical affinities, and organized, when becoming solid, by the powers of crystallization.. Rocks are aggregates of minerals. — Dana. MIN'ER-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to minerals ; consisting of minerals. 2. Impregnated with minerals. MIN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed or employed in minerals. MIN-ER-AL-I-ZI'TION, n. 1. The process of forming an ore by combination with another substance. 2. The proc- ess of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. 3. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water. MIN'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. 1. In mineralogy, to combine with a metal in forming an ore or mineral 2. To convert into a mineral. 3. To impregnate with a mineral substance. MIN'ER-AL-lZE, v. i. To go on an excursion for the ob- serving and collecting minerals. — Dana. [Recent.] MlN'ER-AL-lZ.ED, pp. or a. 1. Deprived of its usual proper- ties by being combined with another substance or formed into an ore. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregna- ted with a mineral. MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ER, n. A substance which mineralizes an- other or combines with it in an ore. MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Combining, or adapted to combine, with a metal in forming an ore or mineral. MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ING, ppr. Going on an excursion for min- erals. MIN-ER-AL-06TG-AL, a. Pertaining to the science of min- erals. MIN-ER-AL-06'I€-AL-LY, adv. According to mineralogy. MIN-ER-AL'O-dlST, n. One who is versed in the science of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the prop- erties of mineral bodies. MIN-ER-AL'0-(tY, n. [mineral, and Gr. \oyo<;.] The science which treats of the properties of mineral substances, and teaches U3 to characterize, distinguish, and class them ac- cording to their properties. MI-NER'VA, n. [L.] In mythology, the goddess of wisdom, of war, and of the liberal arts. MIN'E-VER, n. An animal, said by Forby to be the ermine, or his skin ; white fur with specks of black. V MIN"GLE (ming'gl), v. t. [Sax. mengan or mencgan.] 1. To mix ; to blend ; to unite in one body. 2. To mix or blend without order, or promiscuously. 3. To compound ; to unite in a mass, as solid substances. 4. To join in mutual intercourse or in society. 5. To contaminate ; to render impure ; to debase by mixture. 6. To confuse. MIN"GLE, v. i. To be mixed ; to be united with. \ MIN"GLE, it. Mixture ; medley ; promiscuous mass. MIN"GLE-MAN"GLE,7i. A medley; a hotch-potch.— Hooker. MINGLED, pp. or a. Mixed ; united promiscuously. MIN"GL£D-LY, adv. Confusedly.— Barret. «IIN"GLE-MENT (ming'gl-), n. Act of mingling ; state of be- ing mixed. — -More. MIN"GLER, n. One who mingles. MIN"GLING, ppr. Mixing ; uniting without order. MIN"GLING-LY, adv. In the way of mingling ; mixinglv. MIN'IARD (min'yard), a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty. (Rare.] MIN'IARD-lZE, v. t. To render soft, delicate, or dainty. MIN'IARD-IZ^ED, pp. Rendered delicate. MINI-aTE, v. t. [It. miniare.] To paint or tinge with red- lead or vermilion. MIN'I-a-TED, pp. Painted or ringed with minium. * MIN1A-TURE (min'e-twr or min'e-a-tur), n. [It, Sp. mini- atura.] 1. A painting in water colors on vellum, ivory, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VfCIOUS.— € as SB oi paper, with points or dots ; sometimes in oil colors The term is usually applied to portraits painted on a ver? small scale, and is hence used adjectively, to denote \er% small. 2. A picture or representation in a small com pass, or less than the reality. 3. Red letter ; rubric di» tinction. MIN'IA-TURE (min'e-tur or min'e-a-tur), a. On a smal scale ; as, miniature representation. MIN'I-KIN, a. [qu. W. main.] Small; diminutive. [Usm i?i slight contempt.] MINI-KIN, n. 1. A small sort of pins. 2. A darling ; a fa- vorite. -See Minion. MIN'IM, n. [W. main.] Literally, something exceedingly small'. Hence, 1. A little man or being ; a dwarf. 2. One of a certain reformed order of Franciscans, or Minimi. 3. A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two crotch- ets. 4. A short poetical encomium ; [obs.] 5. A small ' fish; a minnow.— -Johnson; [local.] 6. The smallest liquid measure ; a single drop. — Brande. fMIN'I-MENT, n. [from muniment.] Proof; testimony .- Spenser. MIN'I-MUM, n. [L.] The least quantity assignable in a given case. — Encyc. MIN'I-MUS, n. [L.] A being of the smallest size. MlN'ING, ppr. 1. Digging into the earth, as for fossils and minerals ; sapping. 2. a. Pertaining to or connected with the digging of mines ; as, mining operations. MlN'ING, n. The art or employment of digging mines f MIN'ION (min'yun), a. Fine ; trim ; dainty. MIN'ION (min'yun), n. [Fr. mignon.] A favorite ; a darling ; particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavishes his favors ; one who gain3 favors by flattery or mean adu- lation. MIN'ION, n. [W. main.] A small kind of printing types in size between brevier and nonpareil.' SlNi§™ E ' } «"■ Fi -by ; daintily. MIN'ION-ING. n. Kind treatment.— Marslon. MIN'ION-SHIP. n. State of being a minion. MIN'IOUS (min'yus), n. [from L. minium.] Of the color of red-lead or vermilion. — Brown. t MIN'ISH, v. t. [L. minuo.] To lessen ; to diminish. MIN'IS-TER, n. [L.] 1. Properly, a chief servant ; hence, an agent appointed to transact or manage business under the authority of another. 2. One to whom a king or prince intrusts the direction of aff'au-s of state. 3. A magistrate ; an executive officer. 4. The representative of a govern- ment at a foreign court. 5. One who serves at the altar ; one who performs sacerdotal duties ; the pastor of a church. 6. Christ is called a minister of the sanctuary. — Heb., viii. 7. An angel ; a messenger of God. — Syn. Del- egate ; official ; embassador ; clergyman ; parson ; priest. MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. ministro.] To give ; to afford ; to supply. MIN'IS-TER, v. i. 1. To perform service in any office, sa- cred or secular. 2. To afford supplies ; to give things needful ; to supply the means of relief ; to relieve. 3. To give medicines. — Syn. To attend ; serve ; officiate ; ad- minister ; contribute. MIN'IS-TERED, pp. Served: afforded; supplied. MIN-IS-TE'RI-AL, a. 1. Attending for service ; attendant ; acting at command. 2. Acting under superior authority ; pertaining to a minister. 3. Pertaining to executive offi- ces,^ as distinct from judicial. 4. Pertaining to ministers of the Gospel. 5. Pertaining to ministers of state. — Syn. Official • clerical ; priestly ; sacerdotal ; ecclesiastical. MIN-IS-TE'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a ministerial manner. MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. or a. 1. Attending and serving as a subordinate agent ; serving under superior authority. — Heb., i. 2. Affording aid or supplies ; administering things needful. MIN'IS-TER- Y. See Ministry. MIN'IS-TRAL. a. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.] MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Performing service as a minister; at- tendant on service ; actim* under command. MIN-IS-TRI'TION, n. [L. ministratio.] 1. The act of per- forming service as a subordinate agent ; agency ; interven- tion for aid or service. 2. Office of a minister ; service , ecclesiastical function. MIN'IS-TRESS, n. A female who ministers. — Akenside. MINIS-TRY, n. [L. ministerium.] I. The office, duties, or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind. 2. Agency, service ; aid ; interposition ; instrumentality. 3. Ecclesi- astical profession ; agency or service of a clergyman in the modern church, or of priests, apostles, and evangelists in the ancient ; also, the clergy taken collectively. 4. Time of ministration ; duration of the office of a minister, civil or ecclesiastical. 5. Persons who compose the executive government or the council of a supreme magistrate ; the body of ministers of state. 6. Business ; employment. MIN'IS-TRY-SHIP, for ministry, is little used and hardly proper. — Swift. MIN'I-UM, n. [L.] A beautiful deep-red coloring matter K ; Q as J ; S as zj Cll as SH ; TH as intMsT^Tdbbolcte. MIN 642 MIR much ased. in thd arts, obtained by skwly heating massi- c&l, or yellow ox fd of lead, WINK, n. An American -and European quadruped, of the weasel tribe, often called minx, living on the banks of streams, and exhaling, when irritated, a fetid smell. Its fur is somewhat valuable. MIN'NOCK, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to be the same as minx. Qu. mimic. MIN'NoW, ) n. [Fr. menu, small.] A name applied to sev- MIN'oW, > era l species of very small fresh-water fish, and even to the young of larger kinds ; originally and properly, a very small fresh- water fish of England. Ml'NOR, a. [L.] 1. Less ; smaller ; sometimes applied to the bulk or magnitude of a single object, but usually to amount, degree, or importance. — 2. In music, less or lower by a lesser semitone. — Minor key, in music, that key or arrangement of tones and semitones which is chiefly used for solemn and mournful subjects. — The minor term of a syllogism is that one which forms the subject of the con- clusion. — Asia Minor, the Lesser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Black Sea on the north and the Mediterranean on the south. Ml'NOR, n: 1. A person of either sex under age. — 2. In logic, that premise which contains the minor term ; it is the second proposition of a regular syllogism. — In hypo- thetical syllogisms, the categorical premise is called the minor. t Ml'NOR- 1TE, ». t. To diminish. Mi-NOR-a'TION, n. A lessening ; diminution. Ml'NOR-lTE, n. A Franciscan friar. MI-NOR'I-TY, n. [Fr. minorite.] 1. The state of being un- der age. 2. The smaller number, as distinguished from majority. Ml'NOS, n. [Gr. Mivw?.] In classical mythology, a son of Jupiter and Europa, and king of Crete. He was so cele- brated for his justice on earth, that, after his death, he was appointed a judge of the infernal regions. MIN'O-TAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure : L. minoiaurus.] A fabled monster, half man and half buil. MIN'STER, n. [Sax. minstre or mynster.] The church of a monastery, or one to which a monastery has been at- tached ; sometimes a cathedral church. MIN'STREL, n. [Fr. menetrier for menestrier ; Sp. minislril.] The name of an order of men in the Middle Ages who sub- sisted by the arts of poetry and music, and sang to the harp verses composed by themselves or others.— Brande. MIN'STREL-SY, n. 1. The arts and occupations of min- strels ; instrumental music. 2. A number of musicians. MINT, n. [Sax. my net ; D. munt, mint.] 1. The place where money is coined by public authority. 2. A place of inven- tion or fabrication ; as, mints of calumny. — Addison. 3. A source of abundant supply. MINT, v. t. [ Sax. mynetian. J 1. To coin ; to make and stamp money. 2. To invent ; to forge ; to fabricate. MINT, n. [Sax. mint.] An aromatic plant of various spe- cies, producing, by distillation, a highly odoriferous and pungent essential oil. MINT'-Ju'LEP, n. A drink consisting of brandy, sugar, and pounded ice, flavored with sprigs of mint. [Am.] MINT-MIS-TER, n. 1. The master or superintendent of a mint 2. One who invents or fabricates. MINTAGE, n. 1. That which is coined or stamped.— Mil- ton. 2. The duty paid for coining. MINTED, pp. Coined, MINT'ER, n. A coiner ; also, an inventor. MINTING, ppr. Coining money. MINT'MAN, n. A coiner ; one skilled in coining or in coins. MIN'U-END, n. [L. minuendus.] In arithmetic, the number from which another number is to be subtracted. MIN'H-ET, n. [Sp. minueto; Fr. menuet.] 1. A slow, grace- ful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step, and a bal- ance. 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in the dance so called ; a movement of three crotchets or three quavers in a bar. MIN'UM, n. [from W. main ; Fr. memt.] 1. A small kind of printing types ; now written minion. 2. A note of slow time containing two crotchets ; now written minim. MI/NUS. [L.] Less. — In algebra, the sign (^ — ), denoting mi- nus, or less, is prefixed to negative quantities, or quanti- ties_to be subtracted. MI-NuTE', a. [L. minutus.] 1. Very small or slender ; of very small bulk or size ; small in consequence. 2. Attend- «ig to small things.— Syn. Little ; diminutive ; fine ; crit- ical , e sact ; circumstantial ; particular ; detailed. * MINTJ1 E (min'it), n. [L. minutum.] 1. A small portion of time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour.— 2. In geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree.— 3. In architecture, the sixtieth part of the lower diameter of a column. 4. A space of time indefinitely small. 5. A short sketch of any agreement or other subject, taken in writing ; a note to preserve the memory of any thing. * MIN'UTE (min'it), v. t. To set down a short sketch or note of any agreement or other subject in writing. A book of short hints. A glass, the sand of wnich measures MIN'UTE-BOOK, n. MINUTE-GLASS, n a minute. MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. pi. Guns discharged, every minute, as signals of distress or mourning. MINUTE-HAND, n. The hand that points to the minute* on a clock or watch. MIN'UTE- JACK. n. Another name for Jack of the clock- house, or a figure that strikes the hour of a clock. — Shak. MIN'UTE-MEN, n. pi. Men ready for service at a minute's notice ; a term used in the American Revolution. MIN'UTE-WATCH (-woch), n. A watch that distinguishes minutes of time, or on which minutes are marked. MI-NuTE'LY, adv. To a small point of time, space, oi mat- ter; exactly; nicely. MIN'UTE-LY (min'it-ly), a. Happening every minute.*"" MIN'UTE-LY, adv. Every minute ; with very little time in- tervening. — Hammond. MI-NuTE'NESS, n. 1. Extreme smallness, fineness, or slen- derness. 2. Attention to small things ; critical exactness. MI-Nu^TI^E (-nu'she), n. pi. [L.] The smaller particulars. MINX, n. [qu. minnoc] 1. A pert, wanton girl. — Shak. 2. A she-puppy. 3. A name, in America, of two weasel-Ska quadrupeds. See Mink. MlN'Y, a. 1. Abounding with mines. 2. Subterraneous. Ml'O-CENE, a. [Gr. utimv and icaivos.] Literally, less re- cent. — In geology, a term applied to the middle division of the tertiary strata, containing fewer fossil shells of recent species than the pliocene, but more than the eocene. — Lyell. MI-RARI-LE DI-6'TU. [L.] Wonderful to tell, or be told. t MI'RA-BLE, a. Wonderful.— Shak. MIR'A-CLE, n. [Fr. ; L. miraculum.] 1. A wonder, or won- derful thing ; a prodigy. — 2. In theology, an event or effect contrary to the established constitution and course of things, or a deviation from the known laws of nature ; a supernatural event. — 3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatih representation exhibiting the lives of the saints. t MlR'A-CLE, v. t. To make wonderful.— Shak. MiR'A-€LE-M6N"GER (-mung'ger), n. An impostor who pretends to work miracles. — Hallywell. MI-RACU-LOUS, a. 1. Performed supernaturally, or by a power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws ; ef- fected by the direct agency of almighty power. 2. Super- natural ; furnished supernaturally, or competent to per- form- miracles. — 3. In a less definite sense, wonderful; extraordinary. MI-RAC'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. By miracle ; supernaturally. 2. Wonderfully ; by extraordinary means. MI-RAC'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being effected by miracle or by supernatural agency. MlR-A-DoR, n. [Sp.] A balcony or gallery commanding an extensive view. — Dry den. MI-RAGE' (me-razhe 7 ), n. [Fr.] An optical illusion, arising from an unequal refraction in the lower strata of the at- mosphere, and causing remote objects to be seen double, as if reflected in a mirror, or to appear as if suspended in the 'air. It is frequently seen in deserts, presenting the ap- pearance of water. The Fata Morgana and looming are species of mirage. — Brande. MlRE, n. Deep mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to the feet and to wheels. MlRE, v. t. 1. To plunge and fix in mire ; to set or stall in mud. 2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter. — Shak. MIRE, v. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be unable to move forward. MIRE, n. An ant See Pismire. MlRE'-CRoW, n. The sea-crow or pewit gulL MiRjED, pp. Fixed or stalled in mud. MI-RIF'I-CENT, a. Causing wonder. MlR'I-NESS, n. The state of consisting of deep mud. t MtRK (murk), a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. See Murky. MiRK'SoME (murk'sum), a. Dark ; obscure. -See Murky. MiRK'SoME-NESS, n. Obscurity. See Murky. MIR'ROR, n. [Fr. miroir.] 1. A looking-glass or speculum; any glass or polished substance that forms images by the reflection of rays of light. 2. A pattern ; an exemp'.ar ; that on which men ought to fix their' eyes; that which gives a true representation. — 3. In architecture, a small oval ornament cut into deep moldings, and separated by wreaths of flowers. — Elmes. MIRROR, v. t. To reflect, as in a mirror. t MI R'ROR-SToNE, n. A bright stone. MIRTRORSD, pp. or a. Reflected, as in a mirror. MlRROR-ING, ppr. Reflecting, as in a mirror. MiRTH (murth), n. [Sax. mirht, ?mjrhth.] High extiteroeru of pleasurable feelings in company; noisy gayet/v- Syn Merriment ; joyousness ; gladness ; fun ; frolic , glee • hilarity ; festivity ; jollity. MiRTH'FUL, a. Merry; jovial; festive.— Prior. MIRTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a jovial manner. MiRTH'FUL-NESS, n. State of mirth ; tendency U iwrth MIRTHLESS, a. Without mirth or hilarity. MtRTH'LESS-NESS, n. Absence of mirth. See Synopsis, a, E, I, &c, long.— I E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;- PREY;— MAPtNE. BIRP -MOVE, BOOK* MIS 643 MIS MTRT, a. 1. Abounding with deep mud; full of mire. — Gay. 2. Consisting of mire. — Shak. MIR'ZA (murza). n. A common title of honor in Persia when it precedes the surname of an individual. When appended to the name, it signifies prince. — Brande. MIS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the verb miss, to err, to go wrong, Goth, missa ; Sax mis, from missian, to err, to deviate or wander. MIS-AC-CEP-TITION, n. The act of taking or understand- ing in a wrong sense. MIS'AD-VEN'TURE, n. 1. Ill luck ; an unlucky accident. 2. In law, homicide by misadventure is when a man, doing a lawful act, without any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another. — Syn. Mischance ; mishap ; misfortune ; in- felicity; disaster; calamity. MIS-AD- VENTURED, a. Unfortunate.— Shak. MIS-AD-VENTUR-OUS, a. Pertaining to misadventure.— Coleridge. MIS-AD-VTSjED' (mis-ad-vizd'), a. Ill-advised • ill-directed. MIS-AF-FECT, v. t. To dislike. MIS-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Ill-disposed. MIS-AF-FiRM', v. t. To affirm incorrectly. MIS-AF-FIRM.ED', pp. Affirmed incorrectly. MIS-XIM.ED' (mis-amd'), a. Not rightly aimed or directed. MIS-AL-LME' (mis-al-leJO, v. t. To state erroneously. MIS-AL-L£G£iy, pp. Stated erroneously. MIS-AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Erroneous statement MIS-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association. MI8-AL-LI.ED' (mis-al-lide'), a. Ill-allied or associated. MJ3-AL-LOTMENT, n. A wrong allotment. MIS'AN-THRoPE, \n. [Gr. nicavdpuTros.] A hater of MIS-AN'THRO-PIST, J mankind.— .S^. MIS-AN-THROP'I€, ? a. Hating or having a dislike to, MIS-AN-THROP'I€-AL, 5 mankind. MIS-AN'THRO-PY, n. Hatred or dislike to mankind. MIS-AP-PLI-CI'TION, n. A wrong application ; an appli- cation to a, wrong person or purpose. MIS-AP-PLIjED' (mis-ap-plide'), pp. Applied to a wrong per- son or purpose. MIS-AP-PLY', v. t. To apply to a wrong person or pur- pose. MIS-AP-PLY'ING, ppr. Applying to a wrong person or pur- pose. MIS-AP-PRe'CIa-TED, a. Improperly appreciated. MIS-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To misunderstand ; to take in a wrong sense. — Locke. MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Not rightly understood. MIS-AP-PRE-HENDTNG, ppr. Misunderstanding. MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. Wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact. — Syn. Misconception ; misunder- standing ; mistaking ; mistake. MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. By misapprehension. MIS-AP-PRO-PRI-l'TION, n. Wrong appropriation. MIS-AR-RSNGE', v. t. To arrange improperly. MIS- AR-RaNG ED', pp. Arranged improperly. MIS-AR-RaN6'ING, ppr. Arranging improperly. MIS-AR-RINGE'MENT, n. Wrong arrangement. MIS-AS-€RlBE', v. t. To ascribe falsely or erroneously. MIS-AS-SlGN' (mis-as-sine'), v. t. To assign erroneously. MIS-AT-TEND', v. t. To disregard.— Milton. MIS-BE-C6ME' (mis-be-kum'), v. t. Not to become ; to suit ill ; not to benefit. — Addison. MIS-BE-€6M'ING (-kum'ing), ppr. or a. Unseemly; unsuit- able ; improper ; indecorous. MIS-BE-PuMTNG-LY, adv. In an unsuitable manner. MIS-BE-€6M'ING-NESS, n. Unbecomingness ; unsuitable- ness. — Boyle. MIS-BE-FITTING, a. Not befitting. MI8-BE-GOT', \pp. or a. Unlawfully or irregularly be- MIS-BE-GQT'TjEN, ( gotten.— Dryden. MIS-BE-HaVE', v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct one's self improperly ; often used with a reciprocal pronoun. MIS-BE-HIV.ED' (mis-be-havd'), a. Guilty of ill behavior ; ill-bred ; rude. MIS-BE-HaV'IOR (mis-be-ha.v'yur), n. Ill conduct , improp- er, rude, or uncivil behavior ; misconduct. — Addison. MIS-BE-LIeF', n. Erroneous belief; false religion. MIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. To believe erroneously. MIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who believes wrongly ; one who holds a false religion. — Dryden. MIS-BE-LIeVTNG, ppr. or a. Believing erroneously ; irre- ligious. MIS-BE-SEEM', v. t. To suit ill. MIS-BE-SEEM'ING, pp. or a. Ill-suiting. "MIS-BE-SToW, v. t. To bestow improperly.— Milton. MiS-BE.SToW.ED', pp. Bestowed improperly. MIS-BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Bestowing improperly. MISTSORN, a. Born to evil.— Spenser. MISCAL'CU-LaTE, v. t. To calculate erroneously. MlS-€AL'9U-LA-TED,7?p. Erroneously calculated. MIS-€AL'€U-La-TING, ppr. Committing errors in calcu- lation. M13-€AL-€U-La'T10N, n. Erroneous calculation. MIS-CALL' (mis-kawr), v. t. To call by a wrong name ; ta name improperly. MIS-CALL.ED' (mis-kawld'), pp. or a. Misnamed. MIS-€ALL'1NG, ppr. Misnaming. MIS-€AR'RIA(JE (-kar'rij), n. 1. Unfortunate event oi as undertaking ; failure. 2. Ill conduct ; evil or improper be havior. 3. The act of bringing forth before the time, but so late that the young are capable of surviving. MIS-€AR'RI_ED (-kar'rid), pp. Failed of the intended effect brought forth prematurely. MIS-CAR'RY, v. i. 1. To fail of the intended effect ; not to succeed ; to be unsuccessful ; to suffer defeat. 2. To brnif forth young before the proper time, but still at so late a pe- riod as to be capable of surviving. MIS-CAR'RY-ING, ppr. or a. Failing of the intended effect , bringing forth prematurely.— Hos., ix. MIS-CAST', v. t. To cast or reckon erroneously. MIS-CAST', pp. Erroneously cast or reckoned. MIS-CAST', n. An erroneous cast or reckoning. MIS-CXST'ING, ppr. Casting or reckoning erroneously. MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, a. Belonging to miscellanies; of miscellanies. — Shaftsbury. MIS-CEL'LA-NIST, ? a •♦ <• • ii • MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, \ n ' A wnter of miscellanies. MIS'CEL-LANE, n. [L. miscellaneus.] A mixture of two ct rnore sorts of grain ; now called meslin. MIS-CEL-LaTSTE-OUS, a. [L. miscella?ie?is.] Mixed ; min- gled ; consisting of several kinds. — Milton. MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS-LY, adv. With variety or mixture. MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being mixed ; composition of various kinds. MIS'CEL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. miscellanies.] 1. A mass or mix- ture of various kinds ; particularly, 2. A book or pamphlet containing a collection of compositions on various sub- jects, or a collection of various kinds of compositions. t MIS'CEL-LA-NY, a. Miscellaneous.— Bacon. ImicSlllh'- To place amiss. MIS-CHANCE', n. Ill luck ; ill fortune.— Syn. Misfortune : misadventure ; mishap ; infelicity ; calamity ; disaster. MlS-CHAR'AC-TER-lZE, v. t. To characterize falsely oi erroneously ; to give a wrong character to. MIS-CHAR(JE', v. t. To mistake in charging, as an ac- count. MIS-CHARGE', n. A mistake in charging, as an account ; an erroneous entry in an account MIS-CHARGJED', pp. Charged erroneously. MIS'CHJEF (mis'chif), it. [Old Fr. mcschef.] 1. Harm ; hurt ; injury ; damage ; detriment ; evil, whether intend ed or not. 2. Intentional injury ; harm or damage done by design. 3. Ill consequence ; evil ; vexatious affair. MIS'CHIEF, v. t. To hurt ; to harm ; to injure. MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ER, n. One who makes mischief; ona who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity. MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ING, a. Causing harm ; exciting enmity or quarrels. — Rotoe. MIS'CHIEV-OUS (mis'che-vus), a. 1. Making mischief ; [ap- plied to persons.] 2. Producing injury or harm, as an act 3. Inclined to do harm. — Syn. Harmful ; hurtful : injuri- ous ; detrimental ; noxious ; pernicious ; destructive. MIS'CHIEV-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With injury, hurt, loss, or damage. 2. With evil intention or disposition. MIS'CHIEV-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness 2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy. MISCH'NA (mish'na), n. The text of the Jewish Talmud. -See Mishna. MIS-CHOOSE' (mis-chooz'), v. t. To choose wrong ; to maka a wrong choice. — Milton. MIS-CHoS'iZN, pp. Chosen by mistake. MIS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being mixed. MIS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be mixed. MIS-Ci-Ta'TION, n. A wrong citation; erroneous quota- tion. — Collier. MIS-CiTE', v. t. To cite erroneously or falsely. MIS-ClT'ED, pp. Quoted wrong. MIS-CLAIM', n. A mistaken claim or demand. MI3-C0M-PU-TX'TI0N, n. Erroneous computation , false reckoning. — Claren don. MIS-COM-PuTE', v. t. To compute or reckon erroneously MIS-COM-PuT'ED, pp. Reckoned erroneously. MIS-COM-PuT'ING, ppr. Reckoning erroneously. MIS-CON-CeIT'. See Misconception. MIS-CON-CeIVE', v. t. or i. To receive a false notfon or opinion of any thing ; to have an erroneous understanding of any thing. — Syn. To misapprehend ; misunderstand! misjudge ; mistake. MIS-€ON-CeIV£D' (mis-kon-sevd'), pp. Wrongly under- stood ; mistaken. MIS-€ON-CElV'ING,£pr. Mistaking; misunderstanding. MIS-CON-CEP'TION, n. Erroneous conception ; false opin- ion ; wrong notion or understanding of a thing. — Syn, Misapprehension ; misunderstanding ^mistake. MIS-€ON'DU€T, n. Wrong conduct ; ill behavior ; ill man IK VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH a* SII ; TH as in this, t Obsolete MIS 644 MIS Hgem«nt. AvAmn- rf^N. Misbehavior ; misdemeanor; niismanagenf ent VIS-CON-DUCT, v. t. To conduct amiss ; to mismanage. MIS-CON-DU9T, -v. t To behave amiss. MIS-CON-DU CTED jy. or a. Ill-managed; badly con- ducted. MIS-CON-DUCTING, ppr. Mismanaging; misbehaving. MIS-CON-JECTURE, n. A wrong conjecture or guess. MIS-CON-JECTURE, v. t. or i. To guess wrong. MIS-CON-JECTURED, pp. Guessed wrong. MIS-CON-SE-CRaTION, n. Wrong consecration. MIS-CON-STRUCTION, n. Wrong interpretation of words or things ; a mistaking of the true meaning. MIS-€ON'STR.uE, v. t. To interpret erroneously either words or things ; to misinterpret. — Dry den. MIS-CON'STRuED, pp. Erroneously interpreted. MIS-CON'STRU-ER, n. One who makes a wrong interpret- ation. MIS-CON'STRU-ING, ppr. Interpreting wrongly. f MIS-CON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. Cessation ; intermission. MIS-GOR-RECT, v. t. To correct erroneously ; to mistake in attempting to correct another. — Dryden. MIS-COR-RECTED, pp. Corrected erroneously ; mistaken in the attempt to correct. MIS-COUN'SEL, v. t. To advise wrong. — Spenser. MIS-GOUN'SELED, pp. Wrongly advised. MIS-COUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising wrongly. MIS-COUNT, v. t. To count erroneously ; to mistake in counting. MIS-COUNT', v. i. To make a wrong reckoning. MIS-COUNT, n. An erroneous counting or numbering. MIS-COUNTED, pp. Counted erroneously. JUS-COUNTING, ppr. Counting incorrectly. tMIS'CRE-ANCE, \n. Unbelief; false faith; adherence to t MIS'CRE-AN-CY, > a false religion.— Spenser. MIS'CRE-ANT, n. [Fr. mecreant.] 1. An infidel, or one who embraces a false faith. 2. A vue wretch ; an unprincipled fellow. t MIS-CRE-1TE', ) a. Formed unnaturally or illegitimate- tMIS-CRE-XTED, 5 ly ; deformed. MIS-CRE-A'TlVE, a. Tending to wrong creation.— Shelly. MIS-DaTE', n. A wrong date. MIS-DaTE', v. i. To date erroneously. MIS-DaTED, pp. Dated erroneously. MIS-DEED', n. An evil deed ; a wicked action.— Syn. Mis- conduct ; misdemeanor; fault, offense; trespass; trans- gression ; crime. MIS-DEEM', v. t. To judge erroneously ; to misjudge ; to mistake in judging. — Spenser. MIS-DEEMED', pp. Erroneously judged. MIS-DEEM'ING, ppr. Judging or thinking erroneously. MIS-DE-MeAN', v. t. To behave ill.— Sfiak. MIS-DE-MeAN'OR, n. 1. Ill behavior; evil conduct; mis- management. South. — 2. In law, an offense of a less atro- cious nature than a crime. It applies to all offenses infe- rior to felony, and also to all offenses for which the law has not provided a particular name. — Bouvier. Crimes and misdemeanors are mere synonymous terms ; but, in common usage, the word crime is made to denote offenses of a deeper and more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of less consequence are comprised under the gentler name of misdemeanors. — Syn. Misdeed ; mis- conduct ; misbehavior ; fault ; trespass ; transgression. MIS-DE-RlVE', v. t. To err in deriving. MIS-DE-SCRlBED', a. Erroneously described. MIS-DE-SERT, n. Ill desert.— Spenser. MIS-DE-Vo'TION, n. False devotion ; mistaken piety. [Rare.] t MIS-Dl'ET, n. Improper diet or food. — Spenser. MIS-DI-RECT, v. t. 1. To give a wrong direction to. 2. To direct to a wrong person or place. MIS-DI-RECTED, pp. or a. Directed wrong, or to a wrong person or place. MIS-DI-RECTING, ppr. Directing wrong, or to a wrong J)erson or place. S-DI-REC'TION, n. The act of directing wrongly. In lata, an error committed by a judge in charging a jury, in matters of law or of fact. — Bouvier. 1 MIS-DIS-PO-ST"TION, n. Disposition to evil.— Bp. Hall. M1S-DIS-TIN"GUI8H, v. t. To make wrong distinctions. MIS-D5', v. t. To do wrong; to do amiss; to commit a crime or fault. — Milton. MIS-Do'ER, «. One who does wrong ; one who commits a fault or crime. — Spenser. MIS-Do'ING, ppr. Doing wrong; committing a fault or crime. MIS-DOING, n. A wiong done ; a fault or crime ; an of- fense. — L 'Estrange. t MIS-DOUBT (mis-douf), v. t. To suspect of deceit or danger. — Drydcu. t MIS-DOUBT, n. 1. Suspicion of crime or danger. — Shah. 2. Irreso.ution ; hesitation. — Shah. f MIS-DOUBTFUL, a. Misgiving.— Spenser. t MIS-DREAD' (mis-dred'), n. Dread of evil.— Bp Halt MlSE (meez), n. [Fr. mis ; Norm. mise.\ 1. In laio, an issue to be tried at the grand assize. 2. Expense ; cost 3. A tax or tallage ; in Wales, an honorary gift of the people ■« a new king or prince of Wales. MIS-ED'U-Ca-TED, a. Improperly educated.-— Baxter. MIS-EM-PLOY', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad purpose. — Addison. MIS-EMPLOYED' (mis-em-ployd'), pp. or a. Used to to purpose, or to a bad one. MIS-EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Using to no purpose, or to a bad one. MIS-EM-PLOY'MENT, n. Ill employment; application to no purpose, or to a bad purpose.- Hale. MIS-ENTERED, pp. Entered wrong, as an account. MIS-EN'TRY, n. An erroneous entry or charge, as of an account. Ml'SER, n. [L. miser.] 1. A miserable person ; one wretch- ed or afflicted ; [obs.] 2. A wretch ; a mean fellow. — Shak. ; [obs.] 3. An extremely covetous person ; a sordid wretch j a niggard ; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by the fear of poverty. MIS'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. miserable; L. miserabilis.] 1. Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, apprehen- sion of evil, or other cause. 2. Very pour ; worthless. 3= Causing unhappiness or misery. 4. Very poor or mean. 5. Very poor or barren. 6. Very low or despicable. — Syn. Abject ; forlorn ; pitiable ; wretched. MIS'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of misery ; poorness. MIS'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Unhappily ; calamitously. 2. Very poorly or meanly ; wretchedly. 3. In misery or unhappi- ness. MI&E-RE'RE, n. [L. have mercy.] In the Roman Catholic Church, the psalm commonly appointed for acts of peni- tence, being the 51st Psalm, and commencing with this word. Ml'SER-LY, a. Very covetous. — Syn. Avaricious ; niggard- ly ; sordid ; parsimonious ; penurious. MIS'ER-Y, n. [L. miseria.] 1. Great unhappiness ; extreme pain of body or mind. 2. Natural evils which are the cause of misery. 3. Covetousness; [obs.] — Syn. Wretchedness ; torture ; agony ; torment ; anguish ; distress ; calamity ; misfortune. MIS-ESTI-MaTE, v. t. To estimate erroneously. MIS-ES'TI-Ma-TED, pp. Estimated erroneously. MIS-EX-PLI-Ca'TION, n. Wrong explanation MIS-EX-rOUND', v. t. To expound erroneously — Hooker. MIS-EX-PRES'SION (-presh'un), n. Erroneous expression. MIS-FALL', v. t. To befall, as ill luck ; to happen to unluck- ily. — Spenser. MIS-FALL'EN, pp. Happened unluckily. t MIS-FaRE', n. Ill fare ; misfortune. — Spenser. t MIS-FaRE', v. i. To be in an ill state. MIS-FASH'ION (mis-fash'un), v. t. To form wrong.— Hako- will. MIS-FE A'SANCE (mis-fe'zanse), n. [Fr.] In law, a trespass ; a wrong done. — Encyc. t MIS-FEIGN' (mis-fane'), v. i. To feign with an ill design. — Spenser. MIS-FORM', v. t. To make of an ill form ; to put in an ill shape. — Spenser. MIS-FORM- A'TION, n. An irregularity of formation. MIS-FORMED', pp. Made of an ill shape. MIS-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Producing misfortune.— H. Taylor. MIS-FORTUNE, n. HI fortune ; ill luck ; an evil n r cros- accident. Addison. — Syn. Mishap ; mischance ; misad- venture ; ill ; harm ; calamity ; disaster. MIS-FORTUNED, a. Unfortunate.— Milton. MIS-GlVE' (mis-givO, v. t. 1. To fill with doubt ; to deprive of confidence ; to fail ; [usually applied to the heart.] 2. 1 o give or grant amiss ; [obs.] MIS-GlV'ING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distrust; failing. MIS-GlV'ING. n. A failing of confidence ; doubt; distrust MIS-GOTTEN, a. Unjustly obtained. MIS-G6VERN, v. t. To govern ill ; to administer unfaith- fully .—Kn olles. MIS-G6VERN-ANCE, n. LI government ; disorder ; irreg- ularity. — Spenser. MIS-GOVERNED, pp. or a. 1. HI governed ; badly admin- istered. 2. Rude ; unrestrained. — Shak. MIS-G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Ill administration of publif . at fairs. 2. Ill management in private affairs. 3. Irregulari- ty ; disorder. MIS-GRaFF', v. t. To graft amiss. MIS-GRaFT'ED, pp. Grafted amiss. MIS-GROUND', v. t. To found erroneously.— Hall. MIS-GUiD'ANCE, n. Wrong direction; guidance into er- ror. — South. MIS-GUIDE',' v. t. To lead or guide into error ; to direct tfl. MIS-GUlD'ED, pp. or a. Led astray by evil ccunsel or wrong direction. — Prior MIS-GUIDING, ppr. Giving wrong direction to . leading into error. See Synopsis, a, E,l, &c, long.—l,% I, &c, short.— FaR,FALL, WHAT;— PRgY;- MARINE, BIRD --MOVE. B<..OK> MIS 645 MIS MIS GUlD'UNU, re. The act of misleading. MIS-GUlD'ING-LY, adv. In a way to mislead. MIS-HAP', n. Ill chance ; ill luck.— Syn. Misfortune ; mis- chance; accident; disaster. MIS-HAP'P£N, v. i. To happen ill.— Spenser. MIS-HeAR, v. t. To mistake in hearing. MIS-HE ARD', pp. Heard mistakingly, or imperfectly. MISH'MASH, re. [Teut. misch-masch.] A mingle, or hotch- potch. MISH'NA, re. [Heb.] A collection or digest of Jewish tradi- tions and explanations of Scripture, forming the text of fhe Talmud. M1SHWC, a. Pertaining or relating to the Mishna. MIS-IM-PRoVE' (mis-im-prooV), v. t. To improve to a bad purpose ; to abuse. MIS-IM-PROVJED' (mis-improovd'), pp. or a. Used to a bad purpose. MIS-IM-PROVE'MENT (mis-im-proov'ment), re. Ill use or employment ; improvement to a bad purpose. MIS-IN-FER', v. t. To draw a wrong inference. MIS-IN-FORM', v. t. To give erroneous information to; to communicate an incorrect statement of facts. \ MIS-IN-FORM', v. i. To make false information. MIS-IN-FORM- A'TION, re. Wrong information ; false ac- count or intelligence received. — South. MIS-IN-FORM.ED' (mis-in-formd'), pp. Wrongly informed. MIS-IN-FORM'ER, n. One who gives wrong information. MIS-IN-FORM'ING, ppr. Communicating erroneous inform- ation to. MIS-IN-STRUCT, v. t. To instruct amiss.— Hooker. MIS-IN-STRU€T'ED, pp. Instructed amiss. MIS-IN-STRU€'TION, re. Wrong instruction.— More. MIS-IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, re. Wrong information ; disagree- ment. MIS-IN-TER'PRET, v. t. To interpret erroneously ; to un- derstand or to explain in a wrong sense ; to misconstrue. MIS-1N-TER-PRET- A'TION, re. The act of interpreting er- roneously. MIS-IN-TERTRET-ED, pp. or a. Erroneously understood or explained. MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ER, re. One who interprets erroneously. MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Erroneously interpreting. MIS- JOIN', v. t. To join unfitly or improperly. — Dry den. MIS-JOIN'DER, n. In law, the joining of several distinct de- mands in a declaration, which can not by law be thus unit- ed. — Boavier. MIS-JOIN JED' (mis-joind'), pp. Improperly united. MIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or improperly. MIS-.IUD6E' (mis-judj'), v. t. To mistake in judging of; to judge erroneously. — L? Estrange. MIS-JUDtJE' (mis-judj'), v. i. To err in judgment ; to form false opinions or notions. MIS-JUD6.ED' (mis-judjd'), pp. or a. Judged erroneously. MIS-JUD6'ING, ppr. Judging erroneously of; forming a wrong opinion or inference. MIS-JUDG'MEN T, n. A wrong or unjust determination. MIS'KIN, n. A little bagpipe. MIS-KIN'DLE, v. t. To kindle amiss ; to inflame to a bad purpose. MIS-LaID', pp. Laid in a wrong place, or place not recol- lected ; lost. MIS-LaY,' v. t. 1. To lay in a wrong place. — Locke. 2. To lay in a place not recollected ; to lose. — Swift. MIS-LaY'ER, n. One who lays in a wrong place ; one who loses. — Bacon. MIS-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in a wrong place, or place not remembered; losing. MIS'LE (miz'zl), v. i. [from mist, and properly mistle.] To rain in very fine drops, like a thick mist. — Gay. MIS-LE AD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. misled. To lead into a wrong way or path ; to lead astray ; to guide into error ; to cause to mistake ; to deceive. MIS-LeAD'ER, n. One who leads into error. MIS-LeAD'ING, ppr. Leading into error ; causing to err ; deceiving. MIS-LeAD'ING, n. A misguiding. t MIS-L£ARN'ED (mis-lern'ed or mis-lernd*), a. Not really or properly learned. MIS-LED',_pj9. of mislead. Led into error ; led a wrong way. MIST,.E-ToE, n. See Mistletoe. MIS-LiKE', v. t. or i. To dislike ; to disapprove ; to have aversion to. — Raleigh. — Milton. [Little used.] MIS-LTKE', n. Dislike ; disapprobation ; aversion. MIS-LiKjED' (mis-likf), pp. Disliked ; disapproved. MIS-LlK'ER, re. One who dislikes. MIS-LlKTNG, ppr. Disliking; disapproving. MIS'LIN. See Meslin. ^IIS-LIVE' (mis-liv'), v. i. To live amiss. — Spenser. MIS-LUCK', re. Ill luck; misfortune. KIS'LY, a. Raining in very small drops. See Misle. £lS-MAN'AGE, v. t. To manage ill ; to administer improp- erly. tfIS-MAN'A» SH ; TH as in tliis t Obsolete Aff.S 646 MIS MIS RJ ; , CtsTVF t l Tf receive amiss or improperly. MIS 11 1 CfT'AL, r An iiaocurate recital. MIS-RE-ClTE', v. i. To lecite erroneously. — Bramkall. MIS-RE-ClT'ED, pp. Recited incorrectly. M {S-llE-ClT'INGr, ppr. Reciting erroneously. M >S-RE€K'0N, v. t. To reckon or impute wrong. M1S-RE€JK'0N.ED, pp. Reckoned or computed errone- ous! y. MIS REf5K'<9N-ING, ppr. Reckoning wrong ; and, as a noun, an erroneous computation. MIS-RE-LXTE', v. I. To relate falsely or inaccurately. MIS-RE-LaTED, pp. Erroneously related or told. MIS RE-LXTING, ppr. Relating or telling erroneously. MIS-RELa'TION, n. Erroneous relation or narration. MIS-RE-MEM'BER, v. t. To mistake in remembering ; not to remember correctly. — Boyle. MIS-RE-MEM'BER^D, pp. Inaccurately recollected. MIS-RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Remembering inaccurately. MIS-RE-PoRT, v. t. To report erroneously; to give an in- correct account of. — Locke. MIS-RE-PoRT, n. An erroneous report ; a false or incor- rect account given. — South. MIS-RE-PoRTED, pp. Incorrectly reported. MIS-RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Reporting incorrectly. MIS-REP-RE-SENT, v. P. ■ To represent falsely or incor- rectly ; to give a false or erroneous representation, either maliciously, ismorantly, or carelessly. MIS-REP-RE-SENT- a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving a false or erroneous representation. 2. A false or incorrect ac- count given. MIS-RE P-RE-SENTED, pp. Falsely or erroneously repre- sented. MIS-REP-RE-SENTER, n. One who gives a false or erro- neous account. MI8-REP-RE-SENTING, ppr. Giving a false or erroneous representation. MIS-RE-POTE', v. t. To have in wrong estimation. MIS-RE-POT'ED, pp. or a. Erroneously reputed. MIS-RuLE', n. 1. Disorder; confusion; tumult from in- subordination. — Pope. 2. Unjust domination. — Lord of misrule, see Lord. MIS-Ru'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; turbulent. MISS, n. [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mis- tress, but probably it is from the Annoric mesell, a young lady, or contracted from Fr. demoiselle. When this title ie applied to two or more ladies of the same name, there is some diversity of usage. — In conversation, we say the Miss Smiths ; and this was formerly the custom in writing, as shown in the practice of Burke, Boswell, and many others. Of late, it has become customary, in writing, to use Misses ; as, the Misses Smith ; and, although there is still some diversity, this may be considered as the pre- vailing usage. Such are the statements of the latest En- glish grammarians. — Ed.] 1. The title of a young woman or girl. 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute retained ; a con- cubine. — Dry den. MISS, v. t. [Sax. missian ; D., Ger. missen.] 1. To fail in aim ; to fail of reaching the object ; not to hit 2. To fail of finding the right way ; to err in attempting to find. 3. To fail of obtaining. 4. To leam or discover that something is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be. 5. To be without ; [obs.] 6. To omit ; to pass by ; to go without ; to fail to have. 7. To perceive the want of. 8. To fail of seeing or finding. MISS, v. i. 1. To fail to hit ; to fly wide ; to deviate from the true direction. 2. Not to succeed ; to fail. 3. To fail ; to miscarry, as by accident. 4. To fail to obtain, learn, or find. 5. To fail ; to mistake. MISS, n. 1. Loss ; want. 2. Mistake ; error ; [little used.] 3. Harm from mistake ; [obs.] MIS-SAID' (-sed'), pp. Said wrong. MIS'S AL, 7i. [It. messale ; Fr. missel.] The Roman Catholic mass-book. — Stilling fleet. MIS-SaY", v. t. To say wrong ; to slander. — Spenser. [Lit- tle used.] MIS-SaY', v. i. To speak ill.— Spenser. MIS-SaY'ING, n. Wrong expression. — Milton. MISS.E D (mist), pp. Failed in aim or in reaching the object. MIS-SEEM', v. i. 1. To make a false appearance.— Spenser. 2. To misbecome. — Spenser ; [obs.] MIS'SEL, ) n. A singing-bird, the largest of the Eu- MIS'SEL-BIRD, $ ropean thrushes. f MIS'SEL-DiNE, n. The mistletoe.— Barret. MIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. False resemblance.— Spelman. MIS SEND', v. t. To send amiss or incorrectly. MIS-SENT, pret. and pp. of Missend. MIS-SERVE' (mis-serv'), v. t. To serve unfaithfully. MIS-SERV.ED', pp. Served unfaithfully. MIS-SUaPE', v. t. To shape ill ; to give an ill form to ; to deform. —Spenser. MIS-SHaPjED' (mis-shapr/) \ pp. or a. Ill-formed; de- MIS-SHaP'£N (mis-shap'n), j formed; ugly. MIS-SHaP'UN-LY, adv. In a misshapen way. MIS-SHaP'^N-NESS, n. The state of being badly shaped MIS-SHaP'ING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to. MIS-SHeATHJSD', a. Sheathed by mistake.— Shak. MIS'SlLE, a. [L. missilis.] Thrown or sent, or that may bo thrown. MIS'SlLE, n. A term applied to any kind of weapon which is thrown or designed to be thrown for the injury of others. MISS'ING, ppr. 1. Failing to hit, to reach, or to find ; dis- covering to be wanting. 2. a. Lost ; absent from the place where it was expected to be found ; wanting. t MISS'ING-LY, adv. At intervals; occasionally. — Stevens —Shak. MIS'SION (mish'un), n. [L. missio.] 1. A sending or being sent, usually the latter ; a being sent or delegated by au- thority, with certain powers for transacting business. ■ 2. Persons sent ; any number of persons appointed by au- thority to perform any service ; particularly, the persons sent to propagate religion. 3. A station of missionaries. 4. Dismission ; discharge from service ; [obs.] 5. Faction , party; [obs.] — Syn. Message; errand; commission; dele- gation; deputation. MIS'SION-A-RY, n. [Fr. missionaire.] One sent to propa- gate religion. MIS'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to missions. MIS'SION-aTE, v. i. To act as a missionary. [Hot well authorized.] t MIS'SION-ER, for missionary. MIS'SiVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Such as is sent. 2. Thrown or sent, or such as may be sent. — Dryden. MIS'SiVE, n. A letter sent, or a messenger. — Bacon. MIS-SPeAK', v. i. To err or mistake in speaking. MIS-SPEAK', v. t. To utter wrong. — Donne. MIS-SPELL', v. t. To spell wrong ; to write or utter with wrong letters. MIS-SPELL.ED' (mis-speld'), \ pp. Spelled wrong, or with MIS-SPELT, > wrong letters. MIS-SPELL'ING, ppr. Spelling wrong. MIS-SPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling ; false orthography. MIS-SPEND', v. t. To spend amiss ; to waste or consume to no purpose, or to a bad one. MIS-SPEND'ER, n. One who consumes prodigally or im- properly. — Norris. MIS-SPEND'ING, ppr. Spending to no purpose, oi to a bad one. MIS-SPENSE' (mis-spens'), n. A spending improperly; a wasting. MIS-SPENT, pp. or a. Rl-spent ; expended or consumed to no purpose, or to a bad one. mis-IpsSn, ]pp- Uttered or s P° ken amiss - MIS-STaTE', v. t. To state wrong ; to make an erroneous representation of facts ; to misrepresent. MIS-STaTED, pp. Stated erroneously. MIS-STaTE'MENT, n. A wrong statement ; an erroneous representation, verbal or written. MIS-STaT'ING, ppr. Stating falsely or erroneously. MIS-STaY_E_D', a. Having missed stays, as a ship. MIS-SUM-Ma'TION, n. Wrong summation.— Scott. MIST, n. [Sax., D. mist.] 1. Water failing in very numer- ous, but fine and almost imperceptible drops. 2. That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts vision. MIST, v. t. To cloud ; to cover with vapor. — Shak. MIST, v. i. To rain in very fine drops ; as, it mists. [Am.] MIST-EN-€UM'BERJS D, a. Loaded with mist— J. Barlow. MIST'-LlKE, a. Resembling mist.— Shak. MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be mistaken. MIS-TaKE', v. t. 1. To take wrong ; to conceive or under- stand erroneously; to misunderstand or misapprehend. 2. To take one thing or person for another. MIS-TaKE', v. i: To err in opinion or judgment. MIS-TaKE', ii. 1. An error in opinion or judgment. 2. In a wider sense, an error of any kind, as of fact, statement, computation, &c. — Syn. Misconception; misapprehen- sion ; blunder ; slip : fault ; miss ; oversight. MIS-TaK'£N, pp. 1. In the use of this participle, there is a peculiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to be wrong ; as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But when used of things, it signifies misunderstood, miscon- ceived ; as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not rightly understood. 2. a. Erroneous ; incorrect ; as, a mistaken notion. MIS-TaK'£N-LY, adv. By mistake. MIS-TaK'ER, n. One who mistakes or misunderstands. MIS-TaKTNG, ppr. Making a mistake ; erring liom ihe truth ; misconceiving. MIS-TaK'ING, n. An error; a mistake. — Hall. MIS-TaKTNG-LY, adv. Erroneously; falsely.— Boyle. MIS-TAUGHT (-tawf), pp. Wrongly taught.— U Eitrange. MIS-TEACH', v. t. To teach wrong; to instruct enoneoua ly. — Sanderson. MIS-TeACH'ING, ppr. Instructing ernmecusly. MIS-TELL', v. t. To teH erroneously. See Sipiopsis. A, E, I, an angle of 45 degrees. Ml'TER-BOX, \n. A frame for cutting off any thing at an Ml'TRE-BOX, 5 angle of 45 degrees.— Buchanan. Ml'TER-ED, 1pp. or a 1. Wearing a mitre. 2. Honored Ml'TR-ED, ) with the privilege of wearing a mitre. 3. Cut or joined at an angle of 45 degrees. MITH'KJ. See Mythic. MITH'RI-DaTE, n. In pharmacy, an antidote against poison. It takes its name from Mithridates, king of Pontus, the supposed inventor. MITH-RI-DAT'€, a. Pertaining to mithridate, or to its in- ventor, Mithridates. MITI-GA-BLE, a. That may be mitigated.— Barrow. MIT'I-GANT, a. [L. mitigans.] 1. Softening ; lenient ; len- itive. 2. Diminishing ; easing, as pain. MITI-GaTE, v. t. [L. mitigo.] 1. To alleviate, as suffering; to assuage ; to lessen ; to allay. 2. To make less severe. 3. To abate ; to make less rigorous ; to moderate. 4. To temper ; to moderate ; to soften in harshness or severity 5. To calm ; to appease ; to moderate ; to soothe. 6. To dimmish ; to render more tolerable. 7. To reduce in amount or severity. 8. To soften, or make mild and ac- cessible ; [in a literal sense ; rare] MITI-Ga-TED, pp. or a. Softened ; alleviated ; moderated ; diminished. MITI-Ga-TING, ppr. or a. Softening ; alleviating ; temper- ing ; moderating ; abating. MIT-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. mitigatio.] Alleviation ; abatement or diminution of any thing painful, harsh, severe, afflictive, or calamitous. MITI-GA-TlVE, a. Lenitive ; tending to alleviate. MITI-GI-TOR, n. He or that which mitigates. Mi'TRAL, a. Pertaining to a mitre ; resembling a mitre ; as, the mitral valves of the left ventricle of the heart Ml'TRE. See Miter. MIT'RI-FORM, a. In botany, conical, hollow, and open at the base.— P. Cyc. MITTEN, n. [Fr. mitaine.] 1. A cover for the hand, worn to defend it from cold or other injury ; differing from a glove in not having a separate portion for each finger. 2. A. cover for the hand and arm only, and not for the fingers. — To handle without mittens, to treat roughly ; [a colloquial phrase.] tMITTENT, a. [L. mittens.] Sending forth ; emitting. MITTI-MUS, n. [L. we send.] 1. Inlaw, a warrant frcm a justice of commitment to prison. 2. A writ for removing records from one court to another. MITTS, n. pi. Mittens ; particularly, a covering for the hand or arm only, and not for the fingers. — M-Culloch. Ml'TU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, ft and in Brazil. MlTY, a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites. MIX, v. t. ; pret. and pp. mixed, or mixt. [Sax. miscan , G. mischen ; L. misceo, mixtum.] 1 To umte or blend pro- miscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or com- pound. 2. To join ; to associate , to unite with in com- pany. 3. To join ; to mingle. 4. To unite with a crowd or multitude. MIX, v. i. 1. To become united or blended promiscuously in a mass or compound. 2. To be joined or associated MIX'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mixed D6VE;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN' GER, Vt'CIOUS.— € as K; (mikat) *p. 1. United in a promiscuous mass or cornp- un.l; blrnded; joined; mingled; associated. 2. a. Proroiscuoua ; consisting of various kinds or different things MIX'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed manner. M1X'.EN, n. A compost heap. — Farm. Encyc. MIX'ER, n. One who mixes or mingles. MIXING, ppr. Uniting or blending in amass or compound ; joining in company ; associating. MIX-TI-LIN'E-AL, ? a. [L. mixtus and linea.] Containing a MIX-TI-LIN'E-AR, > mixture of lines, part straight and part curved ; as, a mixtilinear angle, i. e., an angle con- tained by a straight line and a curve. MIXTION (miksfyun), n. [Fr. ; L. mixtus.] Mixture ; pro- miscuous assemblage. — Brown. MIXTLY, adv. With mixture.— Bacon. MIXTURE (miksf yur), n. [L. mixtura.] 1. The act of mix- ing, or state of being mixed. 2. A mass or compound, consisting of different ingredients blended without order. 3. The ingredient added and mixed. — 4. In pharmacy, a liquid medicine. — 5. In chemistry, the blending of several ingredients without an alteration of the substances. In 6trict combination, the substances unite by chemical at- traction, and, losing their distinct properties, they form a compound differing in its properties from either of the in- gredients. — Syn. Union ; association ; admixture ; inter- mixture ; medley. MIZ'MaZE, n. A cantword for a maze or labyrinth. — Locke. MIZ'Z£N (miz'n), n. [It. mezzana.] In sea language, the aftermost of the fixed sails of a ship. MIZ"Z.EN-MaST, n. The mast which supports the after- sails, and stands nearest to the stern. MIZ'ZLE, v. i. To rain in very fine drops. — Spenser. MIZ'ZLING, ppr. or a. Falling in very fine drops ; as, a mizzling rain.— Spenser. MIZ'ZY, n. A bog or quagmire. — Ainsworih. MNE'MONTG (ne-mon'ik), a. Assisting the memory. MNE-MON'I€S, n. [Gr. hvvuovikoS.] The art of memory; precepts and rules for assisting the memory. MNE-MOS'Y-NE (ne-mos'e-ne), n. [Gr.] In mythology, the goddess of memory. MNe'MO-TE€H-NY, n. [Gr. /m;/iwv and tex^v-] Mnemonics. IMo, a. or adv. [Sax. ma; Scot, ma:.] More. — Spenser. Mo AN, v. t. [Sax. mcenan.] To lament ; to deplore ; to be- wail with an audible voice. MoAN, v. i. To make lamentations. — Syn To grieve ; la- ment; mourn; sorrow; groan. MoAN, n. Lamentation; groan, audible expression of sor- row or suffering ; grief expressed in words or cries. M5AN.ED, pp. Lamented; deplored. MoAN'FUL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sorrow. MoAN'FUL-LY, adv. With lamentation. MoANTNG, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing. MoAT, n. [Ir. mota ; Fr. motte.] In fortification, a ditch or deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other forti- fied place. MoAT, v. t. To surround with a ditch for defense. MOB, n. [from L. mobilis.] 1. A crowd or promiscuous multitude of people, rude, tumultuous, and disorderly. 2. A disorderly assembly. 3. A kind of female undress for the head. — Johnson. MOB, v. t. 1. To attack in a disorderly crowd ; to harass tumultously. 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail MOBB.E7D, pp. Attacked by a disorderly crowd. MOB'BING, ppr. Attacking in a disorderly crowd. MOB'BISH, a. Like a mob ; tumultuous ; mean ; vulgar. MOB'GAP, n. [D. mop.] A plain cap or head-dress for fe- males. * t Mo'BlLE, a. [Fr.] Movable.— Skelton. * Mo'BILE, n. [Fr. ; L. mobilis.] The mob , the populace. — South. MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mobilite ; L. mobilitas.] 1. Suscepti- bility of motion ; capacity of being moved. 2. Aptitude to motion ; activity ; readiness to move. — 3. In cant lan- guage, the populace. 4. Fickleness ; inconstancy. MOB'LE (mobhl), v. t. To wrap the head in a hood. — Shah. MOB'L£D, pp. or a. Muffled ; covered with a coarse or careless head-dress. — Shak, — Toonc. MOC'GA-SIN, n. [An Indian word.] 1. A shoe or cover for the feet, without a sole ; the customary shoe worn by the American Indians, usually made of deer-skin. 2. A poison- ous water serpent of the southern United States. Mo'CHA-SToNE, n. [from Mocha.] Dendritic agate, a min- eral containing in its interior various ramified forms like vegetable filaments. MOCK, v. t. [Fr. moquer.] 1. To imitate in contempt or de- rision. 2. To laugh at ; to treat with scorn or contempt. 3. To subject to disappointment, as one's expectations. A. To play on in contempt. — Syn. To mimic ; ape ; deride ;' ridicule ; jeer ; taunt ; illude ; fool ; tantalize ; disappoint ; deceive; defeat. MOCK, v. i. To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to speak jestingly. MO€K, n 1. Ridicule ; derision ; sneer ; an act manifestion contempt. 2. Imitation ; mimicry ; [little used.] MOCK, a. False ; counterfeit ; assumed ; imitating reality, but not real. MOCK'-LeAD, } n. A sulphuret of zinc, the same as blende, MOCK'-oRE, 5 which see. MOCK'-OR'ANgE, n. A shrub of the syringa kind. MOGK'-PRIV'ET, n. A shrub of the genus phillyrea. MOCK'A-BLE, a. Exposed to derision. — Shak. [Little used.] tMOCK'AGE, n. Mockery.— Ely ot. MOGK£D (mokt), pp. Imitated or mimicked in derision j laughed at ; ridiculed ; defeated ; illuded. MOGK'ER, n. 1. One who mocks ; a scorner ; a scoffer ; a derider. — South. 2. A deceiver ; an impostor. MOGK'ER- Y, n. 1. The act of deriding and exposing to con- tempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another. 2, Derision ; ridicule ; sportive insult or contempt ; con- temptuous merriment at persons or things. 3. Sport; subject of laughter. 4. Vain imitation or effort ; that whick deceives, disappoints, or frustrates. 5. Imitation ; coun- terfeit appearance ; false show. MOGK'ING, ppr. Imitating in contempt ; mimicking ; ridi- culing by mimicry ; treating with sneers and scorn ; de- feating; deluding. MOCKING, n. Derision ; insult. MOCK'ING-BiRD (-burd), n. An American singing-bird oi the thrush kind, remarkable for its exact imitations of the notes of other birds. MOCK'ING-STOCK, n. A butt of sport. MOCKTNG-LY, adv. By way of derision ; in contempt. MOCK'LE (mokl). .See Mickxe. MO'GO, n. A South American rodent quadruped, allied to the Guinea pig. Mo'DAL, a. Consisting in mode only ; relating to form ; having tbe form without the essence or reality. MO-DAL'I TY, n. The quality of being modal, or being in form only. MoDE, n. [Fr. mode ; L. modus ; Sp., It. modo.] 1. Manner of existing or being ; manner ; method ; form ; fashion ; custom ; way ; course. 2. Gradation ; degree. — Pope. 3. State ; quality. Shak. — 4. In metaphysics, that which can not subsist in and of itself, but inheres in some substance, hence called its subject. Watts. — 5. In ancient music, the order of the sounds forming what may be called, in mod- ern language, the different scales. — In viourrn music, a scale of intervals, or keys. P. Cyc. — 6. In grammar, a par- ticular manner of conjugating verbs ; usually, though un- fortunately, written mood. [See Mood.] 7. A kind of silk. MOD'EL, n. [Fr. modelle.] 1. A pattern of something to be made ; any thing of a particular form, shape, or construc- tion intended for imitation ; a small pattern ; a form in miniature. 2. A mold ; something intended to give shape to castings. 3. Pattern ; example. 4. Standard ; that by which a thing is to be measured. — 5. In painting and sculpt- ure, that which is to be copied or imitated. 6. A pattern , any thing to be imitated. 7. A copy ; representation ; something made in imitation of real life. MOD'EL, v. t. [Fr. modeler.] To form or plan in a particu- lar manner ; to shape ; to imitate in planning or forming. MOD'EL, v. t. or i. In the^z-e arts, to make a pattern from which some work is to be executed. Also, to form a work of some plastic material ; as, to model in wax. MOD'ELiJD, pp. Formed according to a model ; planned ; shaped ; formed. MOD'EL-ER., n. A planner ; a contriver. — Spectator. MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Forming according to a model; plan- ning; forming; shaping. MOD'EL-ING, n. In the fine arts, the making of a model from which a work of art is to be executed. Also, the formation of a work of art from some plastic material ; as, the modeling of a countenance in wax. — Brande. MO-DE'NA, n. A crimson-like color. — Good. MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. moderatus.] 1. Literally, limited • re- strained ; hence, temperate; observing reasonable bounds in indulgence. 2. Limited in quantity ; not excessive or expensive. 3. Restrained in passion, ardor, or temper, not violent. 4. Not extreme in opinion. 5. Placed be- tween extremes ; holding the mean or middle place. 6.' Temperate ; not extreme, violent, or rigorous. 7. Of a middle rate ; middling. 8. Not swift. MOD'ER-ITE, v. t. 1. To keep within bounds ; to restrain from excess of any kind ; to reduce from a state of vio- lence. 2. To make temperate. — Syn. To regulate ; miti- gate; temper; qualify; repress; abate; lessen; allay ; still; appease ; pacify ; quiet. MOD'ER-ITE, v. i. 1. To become less vio' int. severe, rig orous, or intense. ' 2. To preside in a meeting. — Smart. MOD'ER-A-TED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor, or inten6 ty ; allayed ; lessened ; tempered ; qualified. MOD'ER-ATE- LY, adv. 1. Temperately; mildly; without violence. 2. In a middle degree ; not excessively. MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being model aVe ; temper ateness ; a middle state between extremes. See Synopsis. A. E, I. n. [from the name of an Indian tribe.] The Mo'HOCK, 5 appellation given to certain ruffians who in- fested the streets of London. Mo'HUR, n. A British Indian gold coin, value fifteen ru- pees. — Malcom. MOID ORE, n. A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or £1, 7s. sterling. MOI'E-TY, n. [Fr. moitiL] The half ; one of two equal parts. — Addison. MOIL, v. t. [Fr. mouiller.] 1. To daub ; to make dirty ; [little used.] 2. To weary.— Chapman. MOIL, v. i. [L. molior.] To labor ; to toil ; to work with painful efforts. — Dryden. t MOIL, n. [Sax. mal.] A spot. MOI'NEA U (moy'no), n. A small flat bastion raised in front of an intended fortification, to defend it against attacks from small arms. — Brande. MOIST, a. [Fr. moite, for moiste.] 1. Moderately wet ; damp ; as, a moist atmosphere or air. 2. Containing water or oth- er liquid in a perceptible degree. t MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete. MOIST-EYED (-ide), a. Having moist eyes.— Coleridge. MOIST'EN (mois'n), v. t. To make damp ; to wet in a small degree. — Bacon. MOISTENED (mois'nd), pp. Made wet in a small degree. MOIST'EN-ER (mois'n-er), n. He or that which moistens. MOIST'EN-ING (mois'n-ing), ppr. Wetting moderately. MOISTFUL, a. Full of moisture.— Drayton. MOIST'NESS, n. Dampness; a small degree of wetness, humidity. — Addison. MOISTURE (moist'yur), n. [Fr. moiteur.} 1. A moderate degree of wetness ; humidity. 2. A small quantity of any liquid. MOIST'URE-LESS, a. Destitute of moisture. tMOIST'Y, a. Drizzling. t MoKES of a net, the meshes. — Ainsworth. tMo'KY, a. [W.mwg.] Muggy; dark; murky. Mo'LAR, )a. [L.molaris.] Having power to grind ; gvwd- Mo'L AR-Y, ) ing.— Bacon. Mo'LAR, n. A grinding tooth or grinder. MO-LASSE', n. [L. mollis.] A soft, tartiary sandstone ; ap plied to a rock occurring in Switzerland.— Dana. Do VE ;- BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. MOL 650 MOM MO LXi/.J iffl ',. sing. fit. melassa ; Sp. melaza ; Fr.melasse. The t>rU ) '-"'aphy melasses, used by Edwards, in his Histo- ry ofxue VVest Indies, is more accordant with etymology.] The s'r&p v»hich drains from Muscovado sugar when cooling; treacle. MoLD, I n. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. mol.] 1. Fine, MoULD, > soft earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil. 2. A substance like down, which forms on bodies which lie long in warm and damp air. 3. Mat- ter of which any thing is formed. [The prevalent spell- ing is mould ; but as the u has been omitted in all the oth- er woris of this class, as gold, bold, old, cold, &c, it seems desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it in this word, es was done by Spenser, South, and many others.] MOLD, > a. [Sp. molde; Fr. moule ; W. mold.] 1. The ma- MOULD, j trix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. 2. Cast; form. 3. The suture or contexture of the skull. 4. The body, as giving shape to the garments. Slink. — 5. In ship-building, a thin, flexible piece of tim- ber, used as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers and compassing pieces. — 6. Among gold-beat- ers, a number of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid over one another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are laid for beating. [For spelling, see Mold, n.] MOLD, ? v. t. 1. To cause to contract mold. — Knollcs. 2. MOULD, 5 To cover with mold or soil. — Edwards. [For spelling, see Mold above.] MOLD, v. i. To contract mold ; to become moldy. MOLD, v. t. 1. To form into a particular shape ; to shape ; to fashion ; to model. — Milton. 2. To knead. — Ainsworth. MOLD'-WARP, re. [Sax. mold and weorpan.] A mole. MOLDA-BLE, a. That may be molded or formed. MOLD'ED, pp. 1. Formed into a particular shape ; kneaded. 2. Covered with mold. MOLD'EB,, n. He who molds or forms into shape. MOLD'ER, v. i. [Dan. mulner.] 1. To turn to dust by natu- ral decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2. To be diminished ; to waste away gradually. MOLD'ER, v. t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste. MOLD'ERTiD, pp. or a. Turned to dust; wasted away. MOLD'ER-ING, ppr. or a. Turning to dust; crumbling; wasting away. MOLD'I-NESS, re. The state of being moldy. MoLD'ING, ppr. Forming into shape ; kneading. MOLDING, re. Any thing cast in a mold, or which appears to be so. — In architecture, a projecture beyond the wall, column, wainscot, &.c. MOLD'Y, a. Overgrown with mold. — Addison. MOLE, n. [Sax. mcd, mal.] 1. A spot, mark, or small per- manent protuberance on the human body. 2. [L. mola.] A mass of fleshy matter, of a spherical figure, generated in the uterus. MOLE, re. [L. moles; Fr. mole? 1. A mound or massive work formed of large stones laid in the sea before a port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse of the waves ; also, the port or haven thus formed. — 2. Among the Romans, a kind of mausoleum, of a circular form, on a square base, surrounded by columns and covered by a dome. — Elmes. MOLE, n. [D. ?nol.] A small animal, a species of talpa, which burrows beneath the ground. Its sense of sight is feeble, but its faculties of smelling and hearing are ex- tremely acute. MOLE, v. t. To clear of mole-hills. — Pegge. [Local] MOLE'-BAT, re. A fish resembling a shapeless lump of flesh. — Ash. MOLE'-CaST, re. A little elevation of earth made by a mole. MOLE'-€ATCH-ER, re. One whose employment is to catch moles. — Tusscr. MoLE'-€RI€K-ET, re. An insect of the cricket family, which burrows under ground, and is said to devour the roots of plants. M0LE'-EY£D (-ide), a. Having very small eyes ; blind. MoLE'-HILL, re. [W. malur.] A little' hillock or elevation of earth thrown up by moles ; a very small hill. MOLE-TRACK, re. The course of a mole under ground. MoLE'-WARP, re. A mole. See Mole and Mold-wasp. My LECU-LAR, a. Belonging to or consisting of molecules. MOLE'SULE, n. [Fr.] A name given to the minute parti- cles of which bodies are supposed to be composed. MOLEST, v. t. [Fr. molester.] To render uneasy. Hooker. -Syn. To trouble ; disturb ; incommode ; inconvenience ; annoy ; vex ; tease. MOL-EST-aTION, re. Disturbance ; annoyance ; uneasi- ness given. — Brown. MO-LESTED, pp. Disturbed; troubled; annoyed. MO-LEST'ER, n. One who disturbs. MO-LESTFUL, a. Troublesome. MO-LEST'ING, ppr. Disturbing; troubling. Mc'Ll-EN, re. A flowering tree of China. — Grosier. fMO-LIM'I-NOUS, a. [from L. molimen.] Very important. MO'LIN-ISM, re. In'the Roman Catholic Church, the system of Molina respecting grace and predestination, somewhat resembling that of the Arminians. Mo'LIN-IST, re. A follower of the opinions of Molina. MOL'LAH, n. The title of the higher order of judges in the Turkish Empire. Brande. MOL'LI-ENT, a. [L. molliens.] Softening ; assuaging ; less- ening. See Emollient. MOL'LI-ENT-LY, adv. In a soothing manner. MOL'LI-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be softened. MOL-LI-FI-€a'TION, re. 1. The act of mollifying or soften- ing. 2. Mitigation ; an appeasing. — SJiak. MOL'LI-F IE D (-fide), pp. Softened; appeased. MOL'LI-Fl-ER, n. 1. That which softens, appeases, or mit- igates. 2. He who softens, mitigates, or pacifies. MOL'LI-FY, v. t. [L. mollio ; Fr. mollir.] 1. To soften ; to make soft or tender. — 7s., i. 2. To assuage, as pain or ir- ritation. 3. To appease ; to pacify ; to calm or quiet 4. To qualify ; to reduce in harshness or asperity. MOL'LI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Softening ; assuaging ; adapted to soften or qualify. MOL-LUS'CA, re. pi. [from L. mollis.] One of the four sub- kingdoms into which animals are divided, comprising spe- cies whose bodies are soft and not articulated. Some of them are naked, while others are enveloped in a shelL This division includes snails, oysters, and all shell animals, the cuttle-fish, &c. — Dana. MOL-LUS'CAN, re. A mollusk ; one of the mollusca. MOL-LUS'CAN, la. Pertaining to the mollusca, or par- MOL-LUS'COUS, j taking of their properties. MOL'LUSK, re. One of the mollusca, which see. Mo'LOCH (molok), re. In Scripture, the deity of the Am- monites, to whom human sacrifices were offered. — Lev., xviii. MO-LOS'SUS, re. [L. from Gr.] In Greek and Latin vent, a foot of three long syllables. MOLT, Iv.i. [W. moel.] The prevalent spelling is moult, MoULT, 5 but as the u is omitted in all the other words of this class, as bolt, dolt, colt, &c, it would be desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it hi this word, as many distinguished writers have done.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, &c, as an animal. MoLT'^N.^p. of melt. 1. Melted ; [obs.] 2. a. Melted ; made of melted metal. MoLTTNG, ppr. Casting or shedding a natural covering, as hair, feathers, skins, or horns. MOLTTNG, re. The operation by which certain animals cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c. MO'LY, re. [Gr. ^ojAu.] Wild garlic. MO-LYB'DATE, n. A compound of molybdic acid with a base. MO-L YB-De'NA, n. [Gr. jxo\v65aiva.] An ore of a dark lead color, resembling plumbago, but having a more greasy feel and a sulphureous odor before the blowpipe. It consists of sulphur and molybdenum. — Dana. MO-LYB'DE-NiTE, re. Sulphuret of molybdena. MO-LYB-De'NOUS, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mo lybdena. MO-LYB-De'NUM, n. A white brittle metal, very infusi ble. MO-LYB'DI€, a. Pertaining to molybdena. — Molybdic acid is an acid obtained from molybdate of lead, or by acidify- ing molybdena. — Silliman. MoME, re. [Fr. momoni] A dull, silent person; a stupid fellow ; a stock ; a post. — Spenser. MO'MENT, re. [L. momentum^] 1. The most minute and in- divisible part of time. 2. Impulsive power ; [little used.] — 3. Figuratively, importance in influence or effect. — Syn. Instant ; twinkling ; consequence ; weight force ; value ; consideration ; signification ; avail, t MO-MENT'AL, a. Important. MO-MENTAL-LY, adv. For a moment.— Brown tMO-MENT-A/NE-OUS, ? ^ » m™,. , . „ t MO'MENT-A-NY. \ See Momentary. MO'MENT-A-RI-LY, adv. Every moment. — Shenstone. MO'MENT-A-RY, moment ; lasting ; MO'MENT-LY, adv. every moment. MO-MENTOUS. a. Done in a moment ; very short time. 1. For a moment. continuing only a 2. In a moment; Important; weighty; of consequence. MO-MENT'OUS-LY, adv. Weightily. MO-MENTOUS-NESS, re. State oi being of great import ance. MO-MENTUM, re. ; pi. Momenta. [L.] In mechanics, impe- tus ; the quantity of motion in a moving body. It is pro- portioned to the product of the quantity of matter irsulti- plied into the velocity. MOM'I-ER (mum'me-er), re. [Fr.] A name sometimes given in reproach to the evangelical Protestants in France and Switzerland. MOM'MER-Y. See Mummery. MO'MOT, re. The name of certain South American birda, of habits like the toucan's, so named from their monoto- nous note. See. Synopsis. A, E. I, &c, long.— -A, E 1, &c, s/io~j._ FAR, FALL WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BiBD;- MOV I BQO/S, MON 651 MON Mo'MUS, n. [Gr. nwpioS. J In mythology, the god of ridicuie. mirth, and raillery. MON'A-€HAL (mon'a-kal), a. [Fr. ; L. monachus.] Pertain- ing to monks or a monastic life ; monastic. MON'A-CHISM, n. [Fr.mo7iach.isme; It. monachismo.] The state of monks ; a monastic life. * MON' AD, n. [Gr. novas.] 1. An ultimate atom, or simple unextendcd point;— Leibnitz. 2. An indivisible thing. — Good. 3. A name given to the simplest kind of minute animalcules. — Dana. MON-A-DELTHI-A, n.pl. [Gr. ixovog and u<5 £/ \(£oS.] In botany, a class of plants whose stamens are united in one body by the filaments. MON-A-DEL'PHI-AN, ) a. Having the stamens united in one MON-A-DEL'PHOUS, £ body by the filaments. MO-NAD'I€, I a. Having the nature or character of a MO-NAD'IC-AL, 3 monad.— More. MO-N AN'DRI- A, n. pi. [Gr. fiovoS and avrjp.] In botany, a class of monoclinous plants having one stamen only, not at all connected with the pistil. MO-NAN'DRI-AN, \ a. Monoclinous, and having one stamen MO-NAN'DROUS, > only, not connected with the pistil. MON' ARCH (mon'ark), n. [It., Sp. monarca ; Fr. monargue.] 1. The ruler of a nation, who is vested with absolute sov- ereign power. 2. A ruler or supreme magistrate of a na- tion, whose powers are in some respects limited by the constitution of the government. — 3. Figuratively, he or that which is superior to others of the same kind. 4. One who presides ; president. Shak. — Syn. Emperor ; poten- tate ; sovereign ; king ; prince. MON'ARCH, a. Supreme ; ruling. — Pope. MO-NaR€H'AL, a. Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a monarch ; sovereign ; regal ; imperial. MON'ARCH-ESS, n. A female monarch ; an empress. MO-NARCH'IC, \ a. 1. Vested in a single ruler. 2. Per- MO-NaR€H'I€-AL, 5 taining to monarchy. MON' ARCH-ISM, n. The principles of monarchy ; love or preference of monarchy. — Jefferson. MONARCHIST, n. An advocate of monarchy. MON'ARCH-lZE, v. i. To play the king ; to act the mon- arch. — Shak. MON'ARCH-lZE, v. t. 1. To rule ; to govern. 2. To convert into a monarchy. MON'AR€H-lZ-ED, pp. Converted to a monarchy. MON'ARCH-lZ-ING, ppr. Governing ; changing to a mon- archy. MON'AR-GH-Y, n. [Gr. ftovapxia.] 1. A state or govern- ment in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a single person. 2. A kingdom ; an empire. MON-AS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a monastery. * MON'AS-TER-Y, n. [Fr. monastcre ; Sp. monasterio ; Low L. monasterium.] A house of religious retirement, or of seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns. — Syn. Con- vent ; cloister ; abbey ; priory ; nunnery. MO-NAS'TI€, ? a. [Fr. monastique ; It. monastico ; Low MO-NAS'TI€-AL, $ L. monasticus.] Pertaining to monas- teries, monks, and nuns ; recluse ; secluded from the tem- poral concerns of life, and devoted to religion. MO-NASTIC, n. A monk. MO-NASTIC-AL-LY, adv. Reclusely ; in a retired manner ; in the manner of monks. — Swift. MO-NASTI-CISM, n. Monastic life.— Milner. MO-NASTI-CON, n. A book on monasteries. MoN'DAY (mun'dy), n. [Sax. monandag ; G. montag ; moon and day ; being formerly sacred to that planet.] The sec- ond day of the week. MONDE, n. [Fr.] The world ; also, a globe, an ensign of authority. — Drummond. MO-Ne'CIAN and MO-Ne'CIOUS. See Moncecian and Mo- noecious. M6N'E-TA-RY (mun'e-ter-ry), a. , Relating to money or mon- eyed concerns. MON'EY (mun'e), n. ; pi. Moneys. [Sax. mynet ; Fr. monnoie ; L., It. moneta.] 1. Coin ; stamped metal ; any piece of metal, usually gold, silver, or copper, stamped by public authority, and used as the medium of commerce. 2. Bank- notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchange- able for coin, or redeemable, are also called money. 3. Wealth ; affluence. M&N'EY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding money. M6N'EY-BOX, n. A box or till to hold money. M6N'EY-BRqK'ER, n. A broker who deals in money. MON EY-CHaNG'ER, n. A broker who deals in money or exchanges. — Arbuthnot. MONEY- LEND'KR, n. One who lends money. MON'EY-MAT'TER, n. An account consisting of charges of money ; an account between debtor and creditor. — Ar- buthnot. MoN'EY-SCRIVE'NER, n. A person who raises money for otimra.-rArhnthnot. JHON'EY-SFIN'NER, n. A small spider. \I6N'E Y-W6RT, n. An evergreen trailing plant of the genus Wkmmularia or lysimachia. M6N'EY'S-W0RTH (mun'ez-wurth), n. j.. Sometliing tha will bring money. 2. Full value ; the worth of a thhij,' i* money. M6N'EY-AGE, n. Anciently, in England, a general land-tax, a shilling on each hearth. — Hume. M6N'EY.ED (mun'id), a. 1. Rich in money ; having money able to command money. 2. Consisting in money. M6N'EY-ER, n. 1. A banker ; one who deals in money [little used.] — 2. In coinage, a responsible and authorized manufacturer of coin. — Brande. MoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of money ; pennyless , poor. MoNG'CORN, n. [among and corn.] Mixed corn. [Local., M6N"GER (mung'ger), n. [Sax. mangere] A trader ; dealer ; now used only or chiefly in composition ; as, iron- monger. M6N"GREL (mung'grel), a. [from Sax. mengan.] Of a mix- ed breed ; of different kinds. — Swift, M6N"GREL, n. An animal of a mixed breed. MO-NIL'I-f ORM, a. [L. monile.] Like a necklace. MON'I-MENT, n. [L. monimentum.] 1. An inscription ; something to preserve memory ; [obs.] 2. A mark ; an image ; a superscription. — Spenset. t MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish ; to Aram. t MON'ISH-ER, n. An admonisher, which see. t MON'ISH-MENT, n. Admonition. MO-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. [Fr.; L.monitio.] 1. Warning instruction given by way of caution. 2. Information ; in- dication. MON'I-TlVE, a. Admonitory ; conveying admonition. MON'I-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who warns of faults or informs of duty ; one who gives advice ani instruction by way oi repro.of or caution. — 2. In schools or seminaries, a pupil se leeted to look to the scholars in the absence of the in struetor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars. or to instruct a division or class. — 3. In zoology, a genus of lizards inhabiting the warmer parts of the eastern conti nent, so called from being supposed to give warning of the vicinity of crocodiles. — P. Cyc. MON-I-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Relating to a monitor. 2. Performert by a monitor. 3. Conducted by or under the instruction of monitors or subordinate teachers. MON-I-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a monitor. MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving admonition ; warning ; instruct- ing by way of caution. — L' Estrange. MON'I-TO-RY, n. Admonition ; warning. — Bacon. MON'I-TRESS, n. A female monitor. M6NK (munk), n. [Gr. fxuvaxoS ; L. monachus ; Sax. monec.] A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion. M6NK'S'-HeAD, n. A plant of the genus leontodon. M6NK'S'-HOOD, n. An herb of the genus aconitum. MONK'S'-RHu'BaRB, n. An herb, a species of dock. MONK'ER-Y, n. The life of monks ; the monastic life ; a term usually applied by way of reproach. MONKEY (munk'e), n. ; pi. Monkeys. [It. monicchio.] 1. The popular name of a genus of animals which embraces, also, the ape and baboon. From these the monkey is prop- erly distinguished by its long tail, while baboons have short ones, and apes have none. Monkeys are all mischievous, filthy, and thievish. 2. A name of contempt or of slight kindness. 3. The weight of a pile-driver, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, descends with great momentum on the head of the pile and forces it into the earth. MoNK'HOOD, n. The character of a moTik—Atterbury. M6NK'ISH, a. Like a monk, or pertaining to monks ; mo- nastic. MON-O-CaR'DI-AN, a. [Gr. /xovoS and KapSta.) Having a sin- gle heart, as fishes and reptiles. It may be used as a noun MON-O-CaR'POUS, a. [Gr. povos, sole, and K up~. -5, fruit] Bearing fruit but once, and dying after fructification, as wheat, &c- — Lindley. MO-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Gr. ,xovoi and KepaS.] The unicorn. MON-O-CHLAM-YD'E-OUS, a. [Gr. [xovoi and xA«^.] In botany, having a single covering, that is, a calyx without a corol, or a corol without a calyx.— Lindley. MON'O-CHORD, n. [Gr. novos and Xopdn.) A musical in- strument of one string, used to ascertain and demonstrate the relative proportions of musical sound. MON'O-CHROME, n. [Gr. /xovog, sole, and x^wjua, co^or.' A painting with a single color. — Elmes. MON-O-CHRO-MAT'IC, a. Consisting of one color, or pre- senting rays of light of one color only. MO-NOC'LI-NATE, a. [Gr. novos and kAiW] In mineralo- gy, a term applied to crystals in which one of the axe3 is obliquely inclined. MO-NOC'LI-NOUS, a. [Gr. iidvoS aad kMvt}.] In botany, hermaphrodite, or having both stamens and pistils in sv- ery flower. MO-NOC'RA-SY, n. [Gr. novos, sole, and Kparew, to govern.; Government by a single person. MON'O-CO-TyLE, (a. Having only one seed MON-O-CO-TYL-E'DON-OUS, 5 lobe or seminal leaf. D6VF— BULL, BNITE ;— AN"GER, Vt'CIOUS.— G »K; dasJ; SasZ; cHasSH; THaflin tJiis. t Obsolete. MON 652 MON W'/tf-O-SO-TYL-K'DON, ?i. [Gr. novos and kotvAtj^jv.] In botany a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-lobe. MO-NO€U-LAR, ? a. [Gr. novos. and L. oculus.] Having MO-NOC U-LOUS, J one eye only. MON'O-CULE, n. An insect with one eye. MON-0-DA€'TYL-OUS, a. Having one finger or toe. MON'O-DIST, n. One who writes monodies.- -Scott. MON'O-DON, n. [Gr. novodovS.] The sea unicorn, or nar- whal, deriving its name from having a long tooth, which projects like a horn from the fore-part of the head. MON'O-CRAT, ft. One who governs alone. MON-O-DRA-MAT'IC, a. Pertaining to a monodrame. MON'0-DR,aME, n. [Gr. novos and Spapa.] A dramatic per- formance by a single person. MON'O-DY, n. [Gr. povwSia.] A species of poem of a mournful character, in which a single mourner is sup- posed to bewail himself. — Brande. MO-NGS'CIA, n. pi. In botany, a class of plants whose sta- mens and pistils are in distinct flowers on the same plant. — Linnaus. MO-NGE'CJAN (-ne'shan, ? a. [Gr. novos and oikoS-] Inbot- MO-NCE'CIOUS (-ne'shus), $ any, a term applied to plants • whose stamens and pistils are in distinct flowers, both growing upon the same individual. MON-O-GaMI-A, n. pi, [Gr. novos and yapos-] In botany, an or- der of plants having a simple flower, though the anthers are united. — Linntzus. MON-O-Ga'MI-AN, ? a. Pertaining to the order monogamia, MO-NOG'A-MOUS, y having a simple flower with united anthers. MO-NOG'A-MTST, n. One who disallows second marriages. MO-NOG'A-MOUS, a. Having one wife only, and not per- mitted to marry a second. MO-NOG'A-MY, n. The marriage of one wife only, or the state of such as are restrained to a single wife. MON'O-GRAM. n. [Gr. novos and ypannu-] A character or cipher composed of one, two, or more letters interwoven, heing an abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c. MON'O-GRAM-MAL, a. Sketching in the manner of a mon- ogram. — Fotherby. MON-O-GRAM'MIC, a. Pertaining to a monogram MONOGRAPH, n. [Gr. novos and ypacpw.] A written ac- count or description of a single thing or- class of things. Thus, each article in a dictionary is a monograph. MO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. A writer of a monograph. MON-O-GRAP H'I€, \ a. 1. Drawn in lines without colors. MON-O-GRAPH'ie-AL, j 2. Pertaining to a monograph. MON-O-GRAPHIC-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a mono- graph ; in the form of a monograph. MO-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. One who writes a monograph. MO-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. fiovos and ypacpu.] 1. A descrip- tion drawn in lines without colors. 2. A monograph, or written account of some single subject or class of things. MON-O-GYN'I-A, n.pl. [Gr. povos and yvvrj.] In botany, an or- der of plants having only one style or stigma. — Smith. MO-NO-6YNI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to the order monogynia, MO-NOiyYN-OUS, ) having only one style or stigma. MON'O-LITH, n. [Gr. novos and \iBos-] A pillar, column, &c., consisting of a single stone. MONO-LITH'I€, \ a. Consisting of a single stone ; as, mon- MON'O-LITH-AL, j olithic temples of Nubia.— Russel. MO-NOL'0-6IST, n. [Gr. novo?, sole, and Xoyos, Aeyw, to speak.] One who soliloquizes. MON'O-LOGUE (mon'o-log), n. [Gr. povoXoyia.] 1. A solil- oquy ; a speech uttered by a person alone. 2. A poem, song, or scene composed for a single performer. MO-NOM'A-€HIST, n. One who fights in single combat ; a duelist. MO-NOM'A-€HY (mo-nom'a-ke), n. [Gr. povonaxia.] A duel ; a single combat. WON-O-Ma'NI-A, n. [Gr. novos and pavia.] Derangement of a single faculty of the mind, or with regard to a partic- ular subject. MON-0-MX'NI-A€, a. Affected with monomania. MON-O-MaW-AC, n. A person affected by monomania. MON'OME, n. [Gr. novns and ovofia.] In algebra, a quantity that has one term only. — Brande. MO-NOM'E-TER, n. A rhythmical series consisting of a single metre. MON-O-MET'RIC, a. [Gr. novo? and fxe-pov.] In mineralogy, a term applied to crystals with the axes equal, or of one kind J as the cube, octahedron, and dodecahedron. MO-No'Ml-AL, n. In algebra, a quantity expressed by one term only. MO-NOP'A-THY, n. [Gr. novos and Ttadeia.] Solitary suf- fering or sensibility.— Whitlock. MON-O-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. novos and ttstoXov.] In bot- any, having only one petal, or a one-petaled corol. — Martyn MON'OPH-THONG, n. [Gr. novos and the leader of the Israelites. 2. Pertaining to or composed of mosaic. MOS-A-SAU'RUS, n. [L. Mosa, Maastricht, and Gr. uavpoi, lizard.] The name of a saurian reptile, related to the crocodile, whose remains are found in beds of clay, near Maastricht, in Germany. MOS'€HA-TEL, n. [from Gr. /koct%oS.] A small tuberous- rooted European plant, with pale-green flowers of a musky smell. MOS'LEM, n. A Mussulman; an orthodox Mohammedan. MOSQUE, ? (mosk), n. [Fr. mosquee , It. moschea ; Ar. masji- MOSK, 5 don.] A Mohammedan temple or place of re- ligious worship. MOS-QUlTO (mos-ke'to), n. See Musquito. MOSS, n. 'Sax. mens ; Ger. moos ; D. mos.] 1. In botany, a term applied to a natural order of small herbaceous plants, musci, having simple branching stems and numerous nar- row leaves. — In popular language, the term moss is applied to any minute, small-leafed, cryptogamic plant, particularly the lichens ; as, Iceland-moss, club-wioss, &c. 2. [Sw. mase.] A bog ; a place where peat is found. MOSS, v. t. To cover with moss by natural growth. MOSS'-CAPPjED (-kapt), a. Capped with moss. MOSS'-CLAD, a. Clad or covered with moss. MOSS'-GROWN, a. Overgrown with moss. MOSS'-LAND, n. Land produced by the accumulation of aquatic plants, forming peat-bogs of more or less consist- ency, as the water is drained off or retained in its pores. -P. Cyc. MOSS'-TROOP-ER, n. A term applied to certain bandits that formerly infested the border country between En- gland and Scotland. The name is derived from the char- acter of the country over which they " trooped," it being extensively moss or morass. MOSS.ED (mosst), pp. Overgrown with moss. MOSS'I-NESS, n. The state of being overgrown with moss. MOSST, a. 1. Overgrown with moss ; abounding with moss. 2. Covered with moss, or bordered with moss. MoST, a. ; superl. of more. [Sax. mcest ; D., Dan. meest ; Ger. meist.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number. 2. Consist- ing of the greatest quantity ; greatest. MoST, adv. 1. In the greatest or highest degree.— As most is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before any adjective ; as, most vile. MoST, n. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun is omitted or understood.] 1. The greatest number or part.— 2. Tite most, the greatest value, amount, or advant- age, or the utmost in extent, degree, or effect. —At the most, the greatest degree or quantity ; the utmost extent. MOS'TIC, n. [Ger. mahlerstock.] A m&ulstick or painter's staff or stick on which he rests his hand in painting. MoST'LY, adv. For the greatest part. t M5STWHAT, adv. For the most part.— Hammond. MOT, n. [Fr.] 1. Literally, a word ; hence, a motto.— Bp. Hall. 2. A note or brief strain on a bugle. — Walter Scott. MOTE, [Sax. mot,] in folkmote, &c, signifies a meeting. MoTE, n. [Sax. mot ; Sp. mota.] A small particle ; any thing proverbially small ; a spot. t MOTE, for mought, might, or must. — Spenser. MO-TET, n. [Fr.] A musical composition of a sacred char acter, consisting of from one to eight parts. — Brande. MOTH, n. [Sax. mogthe, mohth, moth.] 1. A small animal which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and destroys them. — 2. Figuratively, that which gradually and silently eats, consumes, or wastes any thing. MOTH'-eAT, v. t. [moth and eat.] To eat or~prey upon, as a moth eats a garment.— Herbert. MOTH'-E AT-.E N, pp. or a. Eaten by moths.— Job, xiii. MOTH'-MUL-LEN, n. A plant.— Miller. MOTH'-WORT (-wurt), n. A plant. t MOTH'JS N, a. Full of moths.— Fulke. MOTHER (mufh'er), n. [Sax. moder ; D. moeder ; Ger. mut- ter ; Sw. and Dan. moder; It. mathair ; Gr. narrjo ; L. ma- ter; It., Sp., Port, madre.] 1. A female parent ; especially-, one of the human race ; a woman who has borne a child. 2. That which has produced any thing. 3. That which has preceded in time ; the oldest or chief of any thing. 4. Hysterical passion. — Graunt ; [obs.] 5. A familiar ten.n of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. 6. An appellation given to a woman who exercises care and tenderness toward another, or gives parental advice, 7. A thick, slimy substance concreted in liquors, particu- larly in vinegar. MOTHER, a. 1. Native ; natural , received by birth, i, Native ; vernacular ; received from parents or ancestors. MOTHER (mufh'er), v. i. To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors. — Dry den. MOTHER, v. t. To adopt as a son or daughter. — Howell. MOTH'ER Ca'REY'S CHICK'EN, n. A name given by sailors to the storm petrel. MOTH'ER-IN-LAW, n. The mother of a husband or wife. MOTH'ER-LAND, n. The land of one's mother or pa- rents. MOTH'ER-OF-PeARL, n. The hard, silvery, brilliant, in- ternal layer of several kinds of shells, particularly oysters, which is often variegated with changing purple and azure colors. — Ure. MOTH'ER-OF-THyME, n. A plant of the genus thymus. MOTH'ER- WATER, n. A solution from which crystals have been obtained, and which still contains deliquescent salts and impurities. — Ure. MOTH'ER- WIT, n. Native wit ; common sense. MOTH'ER-WORT, n. A bitter herb, used popularly in medicine. MOTHER-HOOD, n. The state of being a mother. MOTH'ER-ING, n. To go a mothering, is to visit parents on Midlent Sunday ; this is called, also, midlenting. MOTH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of a mother. MOTH'ER-LY (mufh'er-le), a. 1. Pertaining to a mother. 2. Becoming a mother ; tender ; parental.— Arbuthnot. MOTH'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a mother. MOTH'ER-Y (mufh'er-e), a. Concreted ; resembling or par- taking of the nature of mother. MOTH'Y, a. Full of moths.— Shak. MO-TIF'IO, a. [L. motus and facio.] Producing motion.-- Good. MOTION, n. [L. motio ; Fr. motion.] 1. The act or process of changing place ; change of local position ; the passing of a body from one place to another ; change of distance between bodies ; opposed to rest. 2. Animal life and ac- tion. 3. Manner of moving the body ; port ; gait ; air. 4. Change of posture ; action. 5. Military march or move- ment. 6. Agitation. 7. Internal action ; excitement. 8. Direction ; tendency. — Milton. 9. The effect of impulse ; action proceeding from any cause, external or internal. 10. Proposal made; proposition offered; particularly, a proposition made in a deliberative assembly. 11. A pup- pet-show or puppet. — Shak. ; [obs.] MOTION, v. t. To propose. See Move. [Little used.] MOTION, v. i. 1. To make a significant movement or ges- ture with the hand ; as, to motion to one to take a seat.-- Walter Scott. 2. To make proposal ; to offer plans. — Mil- ton. [Little used.] Mo'TIONJED, pp. Moved; proposed. t MOTION-ER, n, A mover. MO'TION-ING, ppr. Proposing. MoTION-IST, n. One who makes a motion. MOTION-LESS, a. Wanting motion ; being at rest. MOTIVE, a. Causing motion ; having power to move, or tending to move.— Hooker. MOTIVE, n. [It., Sp., Port, motivo ; Fr. motif.] 1. That which incites to action ; that which determines the choice or moves the will. 2. That which may or ought to incite to action. 3. A mover; [obs.]— Syn. Incentive; incite- ment ; inducement ; reason ; spur ; stimulus ; cause. MO-TIV'I-TY, n. 1. The power of producing motion. 2. The quality of being influenced by motives. — Dr Dwight.. MOTLEY, a. [W. ysmot.] 1. Variegated in color ; consist ing of different colors ; dappled. The domestic foo 1 -A the great formerly wore a party-colored coat of calf-skin. Hence, in Shakspeare, Lear says, "Mnlcr/s your only See Synopsis. X s, I, &c,long.— I, E,I, &c, short.— FaR,F ALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE, BIRD;— MOVE, POQiX. MOU 657 MOU wear.*' 2. Composed of different or various parts, char- acters, or kinds ; diversified. MOTLEY-MlND'ED, a. Having diversified views and feel- ings. — Skak. Mo'TOR, n. [L.] A mover.— Volta. MOTOR- Y, a. Giving motion ; as, motory muscles. — Ray. MOTTLED (moftld), a. Marked with spots of different colors or shades of color, as if stained ; maculated. MOTTO, n. ; pi. Mottoes. [It. ; Sp., Port, mote ; Fr. mot.] Primarily, a word; but, more commonly, a sentence or phrase prefixed to an essay or discourse, containing the subject of it, or added to a device. tMOUGHT (mowt). Used for might; the pret. of the old verb mowe, now converted into may. — Fairfax. M5ULD, In. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. mol.\ 1. Fine, MOLD, 5 s ^ earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil. 2. A substance like down, which forms on bodies which lie long in warm and damp air. 3. Mat- ter of which any thing is formed. [The prevalent spell- tag is mould ; but as the u has been omitted in all the other words of this class, as gold, bold, old, cold, &c, it seems desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it in this word, as was done by Spenser, South, and many others.] MOULD, In. [Sp. molde; Fr. moule; W. 7nold.] 1. The MOLD, > matrix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. 2. Cast; form. 3. The suture or contexture of tbe skull. 4. The body, as giving shape to the gar- ments. Skak. — 5. In ship-building, a thin, flexible piece of timber, used as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers and compassing pieces. — 6. Among gold- beater's, a number of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid over one another, between winch the leaves of gold and silver are laid for beating. [For spelling, see Mould above.] MoULD, J v. t. 1. To cause to contract mold. — Knolles. 2. MOLD, y To cover with mold or soil. — Edwards. [For spelling, see Mould above.] Jj n ' >v. i. To contract mold; to become moldy. MOULD, ? v. t. To form into a particular shape ; to shape ; MoLD, 5 to fashion; to model. — Milton. 2. To knead. — Ainsworth. MOULD'-WARP, MOLD'-WARP, MOULDA-BLE, MOLD'A-BLE, MoULD'ED, \ pp. 1. Formed into a particular shape , MOLD'ED, 5 kneaded. 2. Covered with mold. M5LD?R R ' } n - He who molds or forms into shape ' MOULD'ER, iv. i. [Dan. mulner.] 1. To turn to dust by MOLD'ER, 3 natural decay; to crumble; to perish. 2. To be diminished ; to waste away gradually MoLD'ER I Vm ** ^' turn to dust ' to crumD ^ e » to w aste. MOULD'ER-ING, 1 ppr. or a. Turning to dust ; crumbling ; MOLD'ER-ING, $ wasting away. S?neI If' } n - The state of bein s mold y- MOLDING ' ]w- Formin g int0 sha P e J kneading. MOULDING, 1 n. Any thing cast in a mold, or which ap- MoLD'ING, ) pears to be so. — In architecture, a proced- ure beyond the wall, column, wainscot, &c. MOLD'Y ' S a ' 0ver g rown witn mold. — Addison, MOULT, }v. i. [W.moel. The prevalent spelling is moult, MoLT, > but as the u is omitted in all the other words of this class, as bolt, dolt, colt, &c, it would be desirable to complete the analogy by dropping it in this word, as many distinguished writers have done.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, &c, as an animal. MOULT, ? n. The act or process of changing the feathers, MoLT, i &c. ; molting.— P. Cyc. MoULT'ING, ~)ppr. Casting or shedding a natural cover- MoLT'ING, 5 ing, as hair, feathers, skin, or horns. MoULT'ING, ? n. The operation by which certain animals MOLTING, 5 cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horr.s, &c. [Sax. mold and weorpan.] A mole. a. That may be molded or formed. ImAUNCH;} 77 -*- Toche w. See Munch. MOUND, n. [Sax. mund.] 1. Something raised as a defense or fortification, usually a bank of earth or stone ; a bul- wark ; a rampart or fence. 2. Something raised ; an arti- ficial elevation of earth. MOUND, v. t. To fortify with a mound. — Johnson. MOUND ED, pp. Surrounded or defended by mounds. MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound. MOUNT, v. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise on high ; to ascend. 2. To rise ; to ascend ; to tower ; to be built to a great altitude. 3. To get on horseback. 4. To leap upon any animal. 5. To amount ; to rise in value. MOUNT, v. t. 1. To rais^ aloft; to lift on high. 2. To as- cend ; to climb ; to scale ; to get upon an elevated placa 3. To nlace one's self on horseback. 4. To furnish wiU; horses.. 5. To prepare for use ; to set off to advantage, o» embellish ; as, to mount a sword, i. e., to furnish it with a hilt, scabbard, &c. ; to mount a map, i. e., to prepare it fa . use by attaching it to canvas, &c. ; to mount a diamona i. e., to set it in frame-work. 6. To carry ; to be furnishe» with ; as, a vessel mounts twenty guns. 7. To raise ano place on a carriage, as a cannon. — To mount guard, to take the station and do the duty of a sentinel. MOUNT, n. [Fr. mont ; Sax. munt ; It., Port., Sp. monte ; L. mons.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising considerably above the common surface of the surround- ing land; a mountain or hill. 2. A mound; a bulwark for offense or defense. 3. Formerly, a rjtnk or fund of money; [obs.) — Mounts of Piety, see Lombard. MOUNTA-BLE, a. That may be ascended or mounted MOUNTAIN (mounfin), n. [Fr. montagne.] A large mass of earth and rock, rising above the common level of tho earth or adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. MOUNTAIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain ; found on mountains ; growing or dwelling on a mountain. MOUNTAIN-ASH, n. An ornamental tree, of the genua pyrus or sorbus, with beautiful bunches of red berries. MOUNTAIN-BLuE, n. Blue malachite. MOUNTAIN-CORK, n. A variety of asbestus, resembling cork in its texture.— Dana. MOUNTAIN-DEW, n. A name given to genuine Scotch whisky, as being often secretly distilled in the mountains of Scotland. — Eucyc. Am. MOUNTAIN-GREEN, n. Green malachite. MOUNTAIN-LEATHER, n. A variety of asbestus, resem- bling leather in its texture. — Dana. MOUNTAIN-PiRS'LEY, ti. A European herb. MOUNTAIN-ROSE, n. A plant. MOUNTAIN-SOAP, n. A soft, earthy, brownish-black min- eral, used in crayon-painting. MOUNTAIN-TAL'LOW, n. A mineral found in Sweden and Scotland, which melts at 118° Fahr., and is soluble in alcohol. MOUNT- AIN-EER', \n. 1. An inhabitant of a mountain. MOUNTAIN-ER, J 2. A rustic ; a freebooter ; a savage, t MOUNTAIN-ET, n. A small mountain ; a hillock. MOUNTAIN-OUS, a. 1. Full of mountains. 2. Large, as a mountain ; huge. 3. Inhabiting mountains. — Bacon ; [obs.l MOUNTAIN-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being full of mountains. — Brerewood. MOUNTANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on high.— Shak. MOUNTE-BANK, n. [It. montare and banco.] 1. One who mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and venda medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies ; a quack. 2. Any boastful and false pretender. MOUNTE-BANK, v. t. To cheat by boasting and false pre- tenses ; to gull. — Shak. MOUNT'E-BANK-ER-Y, n. Quackery ; boastful and vain pretenses. — Hammond. MOUNTED, pp. or a. Raised ; seated on horseback ; placed on a carriage; prepared for use, or embellished; furnished with sruns. t MOUNTEN-A.UNCE, n. Amount in space.— Spenser. MOUNTER, 71. One who mounts or ascends. MOUNTING, ppr. Rising ; soaring ; placing on horseback ■ ascending an eminence ; preparing for use, or embellish- ing. MOUNTING, n. 1. In general, the act of mounting. 2. The act of preparing for use, or embellishing. [See Mount, v. t., No. 5.] 3. That by which any thing is prepared for use or set off to advantage ; equipment ; embellishment ; as, the mounting of a sword or jewel. MOUNTTNG-LY, adv. By rising or ascending. MOUNTY, n. The rise of a hawk.— Stdney. MOURN, v. i. [Sax. murnan, myrnan.] 1. To express grief or sorrow ; to be sorrowfuL 2. To wear the customary habit of sorrow. — Syn. To grieve ; sorrow ; lament. MOURN, v. t. 1. To grieve for ; to lament. 2. To utter in a sorrowful manner. tMOURNE (morn), n. [Fr. morne.] The round end of a staff; the part of a lance to winch the steel or ferrule is fixed. MOURN .ED, pp. Grieved for; lamented. MOURN'ER, n. 1. One who mourns or is grieved at any loss or misfortune. 2. One who follows a funeral in the habit of mourning. 3. Something used nt funeral*. Dryden. MOURN'FUL, a. 1. Intended to express sorrow, or exhib- iting the appearance of grief. — Shak. 2. Causing sorrow. 3. Feeling grief. — Syn. Sorrowful ; lugubrious ; sad ; dole ful ; heavy ; afflictive ; grievous ; calamitous. MoURN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow, with sorrow. — Mai,, iii. MOURN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Sorrow ; grief; state of mourn- ing. 2. Appearance or expression of grief. 06VE ;— BUT L, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIQUS.~€ as K ; 6 as J , S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. Ti MOV 658 MOY M6URNTN t. ppr. * a. Grieving; lamenting; sorrowing; wearing the appi.arance of sorrow. MOURNING, n. 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing grief ; lamentation ; sorrow. 2. The dress or customary habit worn by mourners. MOURN'ING-DOVE, ,-*. A species of dove, so named from its plaintive note ; also called the Carolina turtle-dove. MOURN'LNG-LY, adv. With the appearance of sorrow. MOUSE, n. ; pi. Mice. r Sax., Sw., L. mus.] 1. A small rodent quadruped, of the genus mus, which infests dwell- ing-houses, granaries, &c. — 2. Among seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun-yarn or parceling. MOUSE (mouz), v. i. 1. To watch for and catch mice. — Shak. 2. Towvatch for or pursue in a sly manner. — John Foster. MOUSE (mouz), v. t. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. — To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line across the upper part, to prevent unhooking. MOUSE'-eAR, n. A name of several herbs, on account of the shape and velvety surface of their leaves. MOUSE'-HAWK, n. [Sax. mm-hafuc.] A hawk that de- vours mice. MOUSE'-HoLE, n. A hole where mice enter or pass ; a very small hole or entrance. — Stillingfiect. MOUSE -HUNT, n. 1. A hunting for mice. 2. A mouser ; one who hunts mice. — Shak. MOUSE'-TIIL, n. An annual plant, with seeds on a long, slender receptacle, resembling the tail of a mouse. — Loudon. MOUSE'-TRAP, n. A trap for catching mice.— Prior. MOUS'ER n. One who catches mice. MOUSING, ppr. Pursuing or catching mice ; tearing, as a cat devours a mouse. MQUS-TaCHE'. [Fr.] See Mustache. MOUTH, n. [Sax. muth.] 1. The aperture in the head of an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice and receives food. 2. The opening of a vessel by which it is filled or emptied. 3. The part or channel of a river by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into a lake. 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, by which the charge issues. 5. The aperture of a vessel in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is re- ceived or discharged. 6. The opening or entrance of a cave, pit, well, or den. — Dan., viii. 7. The instrument of speaking. 8. A principal speaker ; one who utters the common opinion. 9. Cry ; voice. — 10. In Scripture, words uttered. — Job, xix. 11. Desires; necessities. — Ps. eiii. 12. Freedom and boldness of speech ; force of argument. — Luke, xxi. 13. Boasting ; vaunting. — Judges, ix. 14. Test- imony. — Deut., xvii. 15. Reproaches ; calumnies. — Job, v. To make a mouth, or to make mouths. 1. To distort the mouth; to make a wry face; hence, to deride or treat with scorn. — Addison. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully. — Down in the moutli, dejected; mortified. L' Estrange. — To stop the mouth, to silence, or to be silent ; to put to shame ; to confound.— Rom., iii. MOUTH, v. t. 1. To utter with a voice affectedly big or swelling. 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the mouth. 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to de- vour. — Shak. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub ; [not used.] 5. To reproach ; to insult. — Blair. MOUTH, v. i. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected voice; to vociferate ; to rant.— Addison. MOUTH'-FRIEND (-frend), n. One who professes friend- ship without entertaining it ; a pretended friend. MOUTH'-HON-OR, n. Civility expressed without sincerity. MOUTH'-MaDE, a. Expressed without sincerity. MOUTH'-PIeCE, n. 1. The piece of a musical wind instru- ment to which the mouth is applied. 2. One who delivers the opinions of others. MOUTHED, pp. 1. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected voice. 2. Taken into the mouth : chewed. 3. a. Fur- nished with a mouth ; [used chiefly in composition.'] 4. Borne down or overpowered by clamor. MOUTHER, n. One who mouths ; an affected speaker or declaimer. MOUTHFUL, n. 1. As much as the mouth contains at once. 2. A quantity proverbially small ; a small quantity. MOUTHING, ppr. or a. Uttering with an affected, swelling voice. MOUTHING, n. An affected, swelling utterance ; pompous delivery. MOUTHLESS, a. Destitute of a mouth. MCV'A-BLE (moov'a-bl), a. 1. That may be moved; that can or may be lifted carried, drawn, turned, or conveyed, or in any way made to change place or posture ; suscept- ible of motion. 2. That may or does change from one time to another ; as, movable feasts, i. e.. church festivals, commemorating different events recorded in the New Testament, the time of which varies from year to year MOV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality' of being mov- able ; mobility ; susceptibility of motion. M0VA-BLE3 (-biz), n. pi. Goods, wares, commodities, far- niture ; any species of property not fixed, and thus dis- tinguished from houses and lands. The singular, movable is sometimes used. MoV'A-BLY, adv. So that it may be moved. — Grew. MOVE (moove), v. t. [L. moveo ; It. movere.] 1. To carry, convey, or draw from one place to another ; to cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any means. 2. To excite into action. 3. To cause to act or determine. 4. To prevail on ; to excite from a state of rest or indif- ference. 5. To excite tenderness, pity, or grief in the heart; to touch pathetically; to excite feeling in. 6. Tc make angry ; to provoke ; to irritate. ' 7. To excite tumult or commotion. 8. To exert an influence on by secret agency. 9. To shake ; to cause to tremble. 10. To bring forward for consideration and determination, as a resoht- tion. 11. To bring forward for acceptance ; to recom- mend to favor, as a suit.— Dry den. 12. To give an impulse to; to set on; as, moved with envy. — Syn. To stir; agi tate ; trouble ; affect ; persuade ; influence ; actuate ; im- pel ; rouse ; prompt ; instigate ; incite ; induce ; incline ; propose ; offer. MoVE, v. i. 1. To change place or posture ; to stir ; to pass or go in any manner or direction from one place or part of space to another. 2. To have action. 3. To have the power of action. 4. To walk. 5. To march. 6. To trem- ble ; to shake.. 7. To change residence. 8. To propose something to an organized meeting, for consideration and determination. MoVE, n. The act of moving ; a movement ; the act of transferring from place to place, as in chess. M0V.ED (moovd), pp. Stirred; excited. MOVELESS, a. That can not be moved; fixed. MOVE'MENT, n. [Fr. mouvement.] 1. Motion; a passing progression, shaking, turning, or flowing ; any change cf position in a material body. 2. The manner of moving 3. Excitement; agitation.— 4. In music, any single strain or part having the same measure or time. — 5. In horology, the entire wheel-work of a clock or watch ; all except the case. — 6. In European politics^ the movement denotes a party, who are aiming at continual advances toward the establishment of popular rights. It is opposed to the con- servative party. — Brande. Mo'VENT, a. [L. movens.] Moving; not quiescent. [Rare.] MO'VENT, n. That which moves any thing. [Little used.] MOVER (moov'er), n. 1. The person or thing that gives motion, or impels to action. 2. He or that which moves 3. A proposer ; one who offers a proposition. MOVING, ppr. or a. 1. Changing place or posture ; causing to move or act ; impelling ; instigating ; persuading ; influ- encing. 2. a. Exciting the passions or affections ; touch- ing ; pathetic ; affecting ; adapted to excite or affect the passions. MOVING, n. Motive ; impulse. — South. MOVING-LY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or affect sensibility ; pathetically. — Addison. MOVTNG-NESS, n. The power of affecting, as the passions, MOW, n. [Sax. mowe or muga.] A heap, mass, or pile of hay or sheaves of grain deposited in a barn. MOW, v. t. To lay hay or sheaves of gTain in a heap • r mass in a barn, or to lay it in a suitable manner. MoW (mo), v. t. ; pret. mowed ; pp. mowed or mown. [Sax. mawan.] 1. To cut down with a scythe, as grass or other plants. 2. To cut the grass from, as a field. 3. To cut down with speed; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers or quantity. MOW, v. i. 1. To cut grass ; to practice mowing ; to use the scythe. 2. To perform the business of mowing ; to cut and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop of grass, or other crop. t MOW, n. [from mouth.] A wry face. — Shak. t MOW, v. i. To make mouths. — Ascham. MOW-BURN, v. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as hay when housed too green. — Mortimer. MOW-BURN_ED, pp. or a. Overheated or fermented in the mow. t MOWE, v. i. To be able ; must; may. — Chaucer MOWJBD, pp. Put into a mow. MoWJSD, ^pp. or a. 1. Cut with a scythe. 2. Cleared of MoWN, ) grass with a scythe, as land. MoW'ER, n. One who mows ; a man dextrous in the use of the scythe. MOWING, ppr. Putting into a mow. MoW'ING. ] y pr. Cutting down with a scythe. MOWING, n. 1. The act of cutting with a scythe. 2. Land from which grass is cut. MOXA, n. A soft, woolly substance made in Japan, from the Chinese mugwort, and used as an actual cautery by setting fire to a small cone of it placed on the skin. The term has been extended to any substance whose gradual combustion on or near the skin is usi-.d fcr the relief oi cure of disease.— -P. Cyc. MOY'A, n. A term applied, in South A-tterira, to mud poured out from volcanoes during eruptions.- Lyell. Set Synopsis. A, £, I, &c, long.— I, E, I &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MA R fNE, Ml • I k MG VR. B0OK~ MUD 659 MUL MOYLE. An straw. — Mortimer. 2. Moist or damp, and close ; warm and unelastic, as air or weather. t Mu'Gl-ENT, a. [L. mugio.] Lowing ; bellowing. MU-LATTO, n. [Sp. mulato.] A person who is the off- spring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman by a negro. MUL'BER-RY, n. [Sw. mulbar ; G. maulbeere.] The berry or fruit of a tree of the genus morus ; also, the tree. MULDER-RY-TREE, n. The tree which produces ths mulberry. MULCH, 7i. Half-rotten straw.— Bailey. MULCT, n. [L. mulcta or rnulta.] A fine imposed on a por- son guilty of some offense or misdemeanor. — Syn. Amerce ment ; forfeit ; forfeiture ; penalty. MULCT, v. t. [L. mulcto.] To fine ; to punish for an offense or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniar}' fine. MULCTED, pp. Fined ■ punished by a pecuniary fine. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vf'CIOUS € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH TH as in tikis, f Obsolete MUL 660 MUL MUL^T 7-ftV I a Imposing a pecuniary penalty. McLl i». [op It, mulo; L. mulus ; Sax. 7»mZ.] 1. A quad- ruped of a moujrel breed, usually generated between an ass rnd a mare, sometimes between a horse and a she-ass. 2. A plant :r vegetable produced by impregnating the pis- Si oi one species with the farina or fecundating dust of an- other ; a hybrid. 3. An instrument for cotton spinning ; called, also, mule-jenny. MOLE'-SPIN NER, n. One who spins on a mule. MuLE' W6RT, n. A plant of the genus hcmionitis. MU-LET-EER', n. [Fr. muletier.] One who drives mules; a mule-driver. MU-LI-EB'RI-TY, n. [from L. muliebris.] Womanhood; the state of being a woman ; a state in females corresponding to virility in man ; also, effeminacy ; softness. Mu'LI-ER, 7t. [L.] In law, lawful issue born in wedlock, though begotten before. — Encyc. MOL'ISH, a. Like a mule; sullen; stubborn. MuL'ISH-LY, adv. With stubbornness, as of a mule. MOLTSH-NESS, n. Obstinacy or stubbornness, as of a mule. MULL, v. t. [qu. L. mollio.] 1. To soften and bring down in spirit ; to heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices ; as, to mull wine. 2. To dispirit or deaden. MULL, n. 1. In Scottish, a term almost synonymous with cape or head-land. 2. A snuff-box made of the small end of a horn ; [obs.] 3. Dirt ; rubbish ; [obs.] MULL, n. A thin, soft kind of muslin ; called, also, mull- mull. MUL'LA, n. The name of a priest among the Tartars. MUL-LA-GA-TAWN Y, n. Literally, pepper- water ; the name of an East Indian curry soup. — Smart. MULL.ED, pp. or a. Softened ; sweetened and enriched with spices ; as, mulled wine. MULLEN, ) n. [Old Fr. molene.] A well-known plant, grow- MUL'LeIN, ) ing in roads and neglected fields. MUL'LER, n. [Fr. molicre.] 1. A stone held in the hand, with which colors and other matters are ground on anoth- N er stone ; [used by painters and apothecaries.'] 2. An in- strument used by glass-grinders. MUL'LET, n. [Fr. mulet ; L. mullus.] 1. A fish, a species of mugil. which burrows in the soft mud for worms, and is highly esteemed for food. — 2. In heraldry, a figure in shape like the rowel of a spur, used as the filial distinction of the third son. MUL'LI-GRUBS, n. A twisting of the intestines ; sullenness. [A low word.] MUL'LION (mul'yun), n. [Fr. moulure.] An upright bar or division in a window-frame. MUL'LION, v. t. To shape into divisions by mullions. MUL/LION.ED, pp. Shaped into divisions by mullions. MUL'LOCK, n. Rubbish. MULSE, 7i. [L. mulsus.] Wine boiled and mingled with honey. MULT-AN"GU-LAR, a. [L. multus and angulus.] Having many angles ; polygonal. — Martyn. MULT-AN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With many angles.— Grew. \ MULT-AN"GU-LAR-NESS, n. The state of being polyg- onal. MULT-XR-TICU-LATE, a. Having many joints.— Brande. MUL-TE'I-TY, n. The state of being many ; multiplicity.— Coleridge. MUL-TI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. multus and capsula.] In bota- ny, having many capsules. — Martyn. MUL-TI-€I'VOUS, a. [L. multus and cavus.] Having many holes or cavities. — Diet. MUL-TI-DEN'TATE, a. [L. mullus and dens.] Furnished with numerous teeth. MUL-TI-Fl'RI-OUS, a. [L. multifarius.] Having great mul- tiplicity ; having great diversity or variety. MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With great multiplicity and diversity j with great variety of modes and relations. MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Multiplied diversity. MUL'TI-FID, a. [L. muldjidus.] Having many divisions ; B2any -cleft; divided into several parts by linear sinuses acd straight margins. MUL-TIF'ID-OUS, a. Having many divisions or partitions. MUL-TIFLO-ROUS, a. [L. multus and flos.] Many-flowered; having many flowurs. — Martyn. MUL'Tl-FoLD, a. Many times doubled ; manifold ; numer- ous. MUL'TI-FORM, a. [L. multiformis.] Having many forms, shapes, or appearances. — Watts. MUL-TI-FORM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms ; variety of shapes or appearances in the same thing. MUL-TI-FORM'OUS,. a. Having many forms.— Taylor. MUL-TI-GEN'ER-OUS, a. [multigenus.] Having many kinds Diet. MUL-TIJO'GOUS, a. [L. multus and jugum.] Consisting of many pairs. MUL-TI-LATER-AL, a, [L. multus and lotus.] Having many sides. MUL-TI-LIN'E-AL, a. Having many lines. ' See Synopsis. A. E, f , &c, long.- I, E, I, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BIRD MUL-TI-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. multus and loculus.] Hiring many cells or compartments ; as, a muUilocular shell. MUL-TIL'0-O.UENCE, n. Use of many words ; talkative- ness. — Adams. MUL-TIL'0-Q.UOUS, a. [L. multus and loquor.] Speaking much ; very talkative ; loquacious. — Diet. MUL-TI-No'DATE, a. Having many knots. MUL-TI-N5'MI-AL, a. or n. In algebra, see Polynomi>x. MUL-TI-NOM'IN-AL, \ a. [L. multus and nomen.] Having MUL-TI-NOM'IN-OUS, 5 many names or terms.— Diet. MUL-TIPA-ROUS, a. [L. multus and pario.] Producing many at a birth. MUL-TIP'AR-TlTE, a. [L. multus and partitus.] Divided into many parts ; having several parts. MUL'TI-PED, n. [L. multus and pes.] An insect that has many feet. MUL'TI-PED, a. Having many feet. MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. multiplex.] Containing many times. MUL'TI-PLE, n. In mathematics, a quantity which contains another a certain number of times without a remainder. A common multiple of two or more numbers contains each of them a certain number of times exactly ; thus, 24 is a common multiple of 3 and 4. MULTI-PLEX, a. [L.] Many-fold ; having petals lying over each other in folds. — Martyn. MULTI-PLl-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be multiplied. MUL-TI-PLl'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being multiplied. MUL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be multiplied. MUL-TI-PLI-CAND', n. [L. multiplicandus.] In arithmetic, the number to be multiplied by another. MUL'TI-PLI-CATE, a. [L.multiplicatus.] Consisting of many, or more than one. MUL-TI-PLI-CX'TION, n. [L. multiplication 1. The act of multiplying or of increasing number. — 2. In arithmetic, a rule or operation by which any given number may be re- peated or added to itself according to any number of times proposed. MUL'TI-PLI-CI-TIVE, a. Tending to multiply ; having the power to multiply or increase numbers. MUL-TI-PLI-Cl'TOR, n. The number by which another number is multiplied ; a multiplier. MUL-TI-PLf'CIOUS (-plish'us), a. Manifold.— Brown. MUL-TI-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. multiplicite.] 1. A state of being many. 2. Many of the same kind. MUL'TI-PLlJJD (-plide), pp. or a. 1. Increased in numbers ; repeated. _ 2. Numerous ; often repeated. MULTI-PLl-ER, 7i. 1. One who multiplies or increases number. 2. The number in arithmetic by which another is multiplied. MUL'TI-PLY, v. t. [L. multiplico.] 1. To increase in num- ber ; to make mere by natural generation or production, or by addition. — 2. In arithmetic, to repeat or add to itself any given number as many times as there are units in any other given number. MUL'TI-PLY, v. i. 1. To grow or increase in number. 2. To increase in extent ; to extend ; to spread. MUL'TI-PLY-ING, ppr. 1. Increasing in number ; repeating 2. Growing or becoming numerous. MUL'TI-PLy-ING-GLaSS, 7i. A glass or lens which repre- sents a single object to the eye as if it were many. It con- sists of several plane surfaces disposed into a convex form, through every one of which the object is seen. — Hutton. MUL-TIP'O-TENT, a. [L. multipotens.] Having manifold power, or power to do many things. MUL-TI-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. multus and prasentia.] The power or act of being present in many places at once MUL-TI-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Having many rays. MUL-TIS'CIOUS (mul-tish'us), a. [L. multiscius.] Having variety of knowledge. MUL-TI-SIL1-QUOUS, a. [L. multus and siliquc] Having many pods or seed-vessels. — Bailey. MUL-TIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. midtus and soniis.] Having many sounds, or sounding much. — Bailey. MUL-TI-SPlHAL, a. [L. multus and spira.] In concliology, a term applied to the opercula of univalve shells which ex- hibit very numerous coils round a submedian center.— Brande. MUL-TI-STRlATE, a. Having many streaks. MUL-TI-SYLLA-BLE, n. A polysyllable. [Little used.] MUL'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. multitudo.] 1. The state of be- ing many; a great number. 2. A number collectively; the sum of many. 3. A great number, indefinitely. 4. A crowd of people ; the lower classes of society. — Syn. As- sembly ; assemblage ; collection ; swarm ; throng ; mass ; commonalty ; populace ; vulgar. MUL-TI-TuTJIN-A-RY, a. Multitudinous ; manifold. MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. 1. Consisting «*f a multitude or great number. 2 Having the appearance of a multitude —Shalt. 3. Manil Id.— Shak. MUL-TI-TuDI-NOUS-LY, adv. After then.anner of attnonf or multitude. MUL-TIV'A-GANT, \a. [L.multivagus.] Wandering much. tMUL-TIV'A-GOUS, j —Diet. ilC 71. BOOK MUN 661 MUP Ain. i l-V.'i I. ? E, n. [\ multns and valva.] A mollusk which Las a shc'.l of many /Hives. [Zoology.] MULTI-VALVE. I tm ■ ■ 1 MUL-TI-VALVU-LAR, } a - Havm S man y valves ' MUL-1 I V'EB SANT, a. [L. m?f Ztos and uerto.] Protean ; turning into many shapes ; assuming many forms. MUL-TIV'I-OUS, a. [L. mulius and via.] Having many ways or roads. — Diet. [Little used.] MUL-TO'-eA, n. The Turkish code of law.— Brande. MUL-TOCU-LAR a. [L. multus and ncvlus.] Having many eyes, or more syes than two. — Derham. MUL'TUM TN PaR'VO. [L.] Much in a little compass. MULT-UN"GU-L ATE, a. Having the hoof divided into more than two parts. — Brandt. MUL'TeRE, n. [L. molitura.] 1. In Scottish law, the toll or emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding grain. 2. A grist or grinding. MUM, a. 1. Silent ; not speaking. 2. As an exclamation or command, be silent; hush. 3. As a noun, silence. MUM, n. [G., Dan. mumme; D. mom.] A species of ale brewed from wheaten malt, much used in Germany. — Buchanan. MUM'-BUDG'ET, er.clam. [mum and budget.] An expression denoting secrecy as well as silence. [ Used in a contempt- uous or ludicrous manner.] MUM'-CHaNCE, n. 1. A game of hazard with cards ; [lo- cal.] 2. A fool : [local] MUM'BLE, v. i. [G. mummeln.] 1. To mutter ; to speak with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to utter words with a grumbling tone. 2. To chew or bite softly ; to eat with the lips close. MUM'BLE, v. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. 2. To mouth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound. 3. To suppress or utter imperfectly. MUM'BLE-NEWS (-niize), n. A kind of tale-bearer.— Shah. MUM'BLSD, pp. or a. Uttered with a low, inarticulate voice ; chewed softly, or with a low, muttering sound. MUM'BLER, re. One who speaks with a low, inarticulate voice. MUM'BLING, ppr. or a. Uttering with a low, inarticulate voice ; chewing softly, or with a grumbling sound. MUM'BLLNG-LY. adv. With a low, inarticulate utterance. MUMM, v. t. [Dan. mumme; Fr. mummer.] To mask; to sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise. MUM'MER, n. Formerly, one who masked himself and made dizersion in disguise ; originally, one who made sport by gestures without speaking. MUM'MER- Y, n. [Fr. momerie.] 1. Masking ; sport ; diver- sion ; frolicking in masks ; low, contemptible amuse- ment ; buffoonery. 2. Farcical show ; hypocritical dis- guise and parade to delude vulgar minds. MUM-MI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of making into a mummy. MUM'MI-Fl_ED, pp. Made into a mummy. MUM'MI-FORM, a. In form "Like a mummy. MUMMI-FY, v. t. To embalm and dry as a mummy ; to make into a mummy. — Journal of Science. MUM'MI-FY-ING, ppr. Making into a mummy. MUM'MING, n. The sports of mummers. MUM'MING, a. Pertaining to the sports of mummers. MUM'MY, n. [It. mummia] Arabic momia.] 1. A dead hu- man body embalmed and dried after the manner of the ancient Egyptians. The term mummy has been extended so as to include the dead bodies of men, and sometimes of animals, which are by any means preserved in a dry state from the process of putrefaction. — 2. Among gardeners, a sort of wax used in grafting and planting trees. — To beat to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a senseless mass. MUM'MY-CHOG, n. A small fish of the carp kind. MUMP, v. t. or i. [D. mompen.] 1. To move the lips with the mouth almost closed ; hence, to nibble ; to chew with continued motion. 2. To talk low and quick. 3. To im- plore with a beggar's accent and motion of the mouth. — Burke. 4. To deceive ; to cheat. MUMP'ER, n. A beggar.— Johnson. MUMP'ING, n. Begging tricks ; foolish tricks ; mockery. MUMP'ING,£pr. f. Chewing with continued motion; nib- bling. 2. Begging with false pretense. MUMPISH, a. Dull; heavy; sullen; sour. MUMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a dull manner ; heavily ; sullenly. MUMPS, n. 1. Sullenness ; silent displeasure.— Skinner ; [rare.] 2. A disease ; a peculiar and specific unsuppurative inflammation, the cynanche parotidaa, a swelling of the parotid glands. MUNCH, v. t. To chew by great mouthfuls. [Vulgar.] MUNCH, v. i. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. MUNCH'ER, n. One who munches. — Johnson. SUNCH'ING, ppr. Chewing by great mouthfuls. MUND, Pax. mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found in old laws; as, mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Edmund, Sax. eadmiivd, happy peace, as in Greek Irenteus, Hesychius. 4UNT)aNE, a. [L. rmmdanus.] Belonging to the world. tMUN-DAN'I-TY, n. Worldliness.— Montagu t MUN-Da'TION, ». [L. mundus.] The act of cleansing. MUN'DA-TO-RY, a. [L. mundo.] Cleansing; having powe to cleanse. [Little used.] MUN'DIG, n. The name given by the Cornish miners ti iron or arsenical pyrites. — Ure. MUN-DIFT-CANT, a. [L. mundus and facio.] In old pharvia, cy, a term applied to certain healing ointments and plasters WtUN-DI-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. mundus and facial The actcs operation of cleansing any body. — Quincy. MUN-DIF'I-€A-TiVE, a. Cleansing ; having the power to cleanse. — Wiseman. MUN-DIF'I-GA-TIVE, n. A medicine that has the quality of cleansing. MUN'DI-FY, v. t. [L. mundus and facio.] To cleanse. MUN-DIV'A-GANT, a. [L. mundus and vagor.vagans.] Wan- dering over the world. — Diet. MUN-DUN"GUS, n. Stinking tobacco.— Phillips. MU'NER-A-RY, a. [L. munus.] Having the nature of a gift. — Johnson. [Little used.] t MO'NER-aTE, > „ -r, t MU-NER-I'TION. 5 See Remunerate. MUN"GREL. n. An animal generated between different varieties, as a dog. See Mongrel. MUN"GREL, a. Generated between different varieties ; de- generate. — Shak. — Dryden. MU-NIC'I-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. municipalis.] 1. Pertaining to a corporation or city. 2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom, or nation. — Municipal, as used by the Romans", originally designated that which pertained to a municipium,a free city or town. — Municipal law. [See Law, No. 2.1 It is the general law of a country, as distinguished from commer- cial law, the law of nations, &c. MU-NIC-I-PAL'I-TY, n. In France, a municipal district. — In New Orleans, a district of the city corresponding to a ward. t MU-NIFI-GaTE, v. t. [L. munifico.] To enrich.— Cockeram. MU-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. munificentia.] 1. A giving or bestowing liberally. 2. [L. munio.] In Spenser, fortifica- tion or strength ; [obs.] — Syn. Liberality; generosity; be- neficence ; bounty ; bountifulness ; bounteousness. MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. Manifesting liberality in giving or be- stowing. Atterbury. — Syn. Beneficent ; bounteous ; boun- tiful ; liberal ; generous. MUNIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. Liberally; generously. Mu'NI-MENT, n. [L. munimentum.] 1. A fortification of any kind ; a strong-hold ; a place of defense. 2. Support ; de- fense. — 3. In law, a record ; a writing by which claims and rights are defended or maintained. t MU-NITE'. v. t. To fortify.— Bacon. MU-NI"TION (mu-nish'un), n. [Fr. ; L. munitio.] 1. Fortifi- cation; [obs.] — Hale. 2. Ammunition: whatever mate- rials are used hi war for defense, or for annoying an en- emy. 3. Provisions of a garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general for an army. — Munition-ships, ships which convey military and naval stores. tMu'NI-TY, n. Freedom; security. See Immunity. MUN-JEET, n. A species of rubia tinctorum, or madder, produced in various parts of India. MUNN'ION (mun'yun), n. An upright piece of timber which separates the several lights in "a window-frame. See Mullion. MUNDS \ n -PL The mouth and chops. [Vulgar.] Mu'RAdE, 7j. [L. murus.] Money paid for keeping walls in repair. — Johnson. Mu'RAL, a. [L. muralis.] 1. Pertaining to a wall 2. Re- sembling a wall ; perpendicular or steep. — Mural crovm, among the ancient Romans, a golden crown, bestowed on him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place. — Mu- ral circle, in astronomy, a graduated circle, usually of large size, fixed permanently in the plane of the meridian, and attached firmly to a perpendicular wall. The mural quad- rant is a fourth of a circle, sometimes used instead of the mural circle, and adjusted in the same manner. MUR'CHI-SON-lTE, n. [from Murchison.] A variety of feldspar. MURDER, n. [Sax. morther ; D. moord ; G., Dan., Sw. mord.] 1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being with pre- meditated malice, by a person of sound mind. 2. An ex- clamation or outcry, when life is in danger. MUR'DER, v. t. [Sax. myrthian ; D. moor den.] 1. To kill a human being with premeditated malice. 2. To destroy ; to put an end to. — Syn. To assassinate ; slay ; massacre, MUIxDER-ED,^. or a. Slain with malice prepense. MURT)ER-ER, n. 1. A person who, in possession of his reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated malice. 2. A small piece of ordnance ; a murdering-piece. — Syn. Assassin ; cut-throat ; bloodshedder ; manslayer. MUR'DER-ESS, n. A female who commits murder MURDEE.-ING, ppr. Killing a human being with malica premeditated. MUR'DER-ING-PIECE, n. A small piece of ordnance.— Shak. D6VE -—BULL UNITE :— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Olsolcte. MUS 662 MUS MUl DfiR y-lri.a. 1. Guilty of murder. 2. Consisting in miir'le- , do-ie with murder. 3. Committing murder. 4. Prei ir lHatiig ourder. — Syn. Bloody; sanguinary; blood- guilty tlood-tnirsty ; fell ; savage ; cruel. MUR'DE R-OUS- L Y, adv. In a murderous or cruel manner. tMORE, 7i. [L. murus.] A wall. — Shak. MORE, v. t. [Fr. murer.] To inclose in walls ; to walL [Lit- tle used.\ See Immuke. Mu'REX, n. [L.] A genus of marine carnivorous mollusca.* M'J'RI-A-CITE, n. A stone composed of salt, sand, and !*ypsuin ; the mineral anhydrite, which see. Mo'RI-ATE, n. A term applied to the chlorids, from the supposition that they were compounded of an acid and an oxydized base. MDTII-A-TED, a. 1. The same as chloridized ; but originally applied under the supposition that the chlorids were com- pounds of an acid and an oxydized base. 2. Put in brine. Evelyn. MU-RI-ATIG, a. Having the nature of brine or salt water ; pertaining to sea salt. — Muriatic acid, an acid composed o'f one equivalent of hydrogen and one of chlorine ; hy- drochloric acid. MU-RI-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing muriatic substances or salt. MU-RI-€AL'CITE, n. Rhomb-spar.— Ure. Mu'Rl-€ATE, > a. [L. muricatus.] 1. Formed with sharp Mu'RI-€a-TED, > points ; full of sharp points or prickles. — 2. In botany, having the surface covered with sharp points, or armed with prickles. R'u'RI-ClTE, n. Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of shells. MuHI-FORM, a. [L. murus and forma.] In botany, resem- bling the bricks in the wall of a house. — P. Cyc. Mu'RINE, a. [L. murinus.] Pertaining to a mouse or to mice. MO'RiNES, n. pi. The name of a tribe of rodent quadru- peds, including rats, mice, &c. — Brande. MURK, n. [Sw. mhrker.] Darkness. [Little used.] MURK'I-L Y, adv. Obscurely ; gloomily ; darkly. MURK'Y, a. [Dan. murk.] Dark ; obscure ; gloomy. MUR'MUR, n. [L.] 1. A low sound, continued or contin- ually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony channel, or that of flame. 2. A complaint half suppressed, or uttered in a low, muttering voice. MUR'MUR v. i. [L. murmuro.] 1. To make a low, contin- ued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest. 2. To grumble ; to complain ; to repine ; to utter complaints in a low, half- articulated voice ; to utter sullen discontent. MUR'MUR-ER, n. One who murmurs ; one who complains sullenly ; a grumbler. MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. or a. Uttering complaints in a low voice or sullen manner ; grumbling ; complaining. MUR'MUR-ING, n. The utterance of a low sound ; com- plaint MUR'MUR-ING-LY, adv. With a low sound ; with com- plaints. MUR'MUR-OUS, a. Exciting murmur or complaint. f MURR, n. A catarrh. — Gascoigne. MURRAIN (murrin), n. [Sp. morrina.] An infectious and fatal disease among cattle. — Bacon. *■ MUR'RAIN, a. Infected with the murrain. — Shak. MURRE, n. A kind of bird.— Car etc. MUR'REY, a. Of a dark red color. — Bacon. MUR'RHlNE, a. [L. murrhinus.] Among the ancients, an epithet given to a delicate kind of ware, made of fluor- spar, brought from the East. MUR'RI-ON, n. [Port, morriam.] A helmet ; a casque ; arm- or for the head. — King: See Morion. MUR'ZA, n. The hereditary nobility among the Tartars. The word must not be confounded with the Persian mirza. — Brande. t M.!J'SARD, n. [Fr.] A dreamer ; one who is apt to be ab- sent in mind.— Chaucer. MUS'CA-DEL, ^ a. and n. [It. moscatello ; Port., Sp. mosca- MUS €A-DlNE, } tel ; Fr. muscadin.] 1. An appellation MUS'€A-TEL, J given to a kind of rich wine, and to the grape3 which produce it. 2. A sweet pear. MUS'CAT, n. [Fr.] A sort of grape and of wine. See Mus- CADEL. MUScHEL-KALK, n. A German term for shell limestone whose strata belong to the new red standstone series. — Brande. MUS'CLE (mus'sl), n. [Fr. ; L. musculus.] 1. In anatomy, the muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibres or bundles of fibres inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. 2. A bivalvular shell-fish of the genus mytilus of Linnseus ; sometimes written mussel. MUS'COID, a. [Gr. uoaxoS and eiSos.] In botany, moss-like. MUS'€OID, n. A moss-like, flowerless plant, with a dis- tinct stem having no vascular system, but often leaves MUS-€OS'I-TY, n. Mossiness. MUS-€0-Va'DO, n. ; primarily a. Unrefined sugar ; the raw material from which loaf and lump sugar are pre- cured by refining. MUS'€0-VY-DU€K, n. A species of duck larger than the common duck, often raised in poultry-yards ; sometimes called the musk-duck. MUS'€0-VY-GLiSS, n. Mica, which see. MUS'GU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a muscle. 2. Performed by a muscle. 3. Strong ; brawny ; vigorous. MUS-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being muscular. MUS'€U-LAR-LY, adv. With strength of muscle ; strongly. MUS'GU-LlTE, n. A petrified muscle or shell. MUS'GU-LOUS, a. [L. musculosus.] 1. Full of muscles. 2 Strong ; brawny. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles. MuSE, n. [L. musa.] 1. Properly, song ; but in usage, the deity or power of poetry. [See Muses.] 2. Deep thought- close attention or contemplation which abstracts the inina from passing scenes ; hence, sometimes, absence of mind. MuSE, v. i. [F. muser.] 1. To think closely ; to study in si- lence. 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so occupied in study or contemplation as not to observe passing scenea or things present. 3. To wonder ; [obs.] — Syn. To med- itate ; contemplate ; ruminate ; ponder ; reflect. MuSE, v. t. To think on ; to meditate on. — Thomson. M\J&ET>,pp. Meditated; thought on. MuSE'FUL, a. Thinking deeply ; silently thoughtful.— Dry- den. MuSE'FUL-LY, adv. In a musing manner ; thoughtfully. MuSE'LESS, a. Disregarding the power of poetry. MOS'ER n. One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt to be absent in mind. — Johnson. Mu'SES, n. pi. [L. Musa.] In mythology, the nine sistei goddesses supposed to preside over the liberal arts. Mu'SET, n. A gap in a hedge. — Bailey. MU-Se'UM, n. [Gr. fxovauov.] A repository of natural, sci entific, and literary curiosities, or of works of art. — Gwilt. MUSH, n. [G. mus.i The meal of maize boiled in water. MUSHROOM, n. [Fr. mousseron.] 1. The common name of numerous cryptogamic plants of the natural order of fungi, growing often very rapidly. The term mushroom i3 sometimes applied to distinguish the edible fungi from the toadstools, which are poisonous. 2. An upstart ; one who rises suddenly from a low condition in life. Mu'SIC, n. [L. musica ; F. musique.] 1. Melody or harmo- ny ; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in ac- cordance or harmony. 2. Any entertainment consisting in melody or harmony. 3. The science of harmonica! sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependencies, and relations of sounds to each other. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to please the ear. 5. Order ; harmony in revolutions. — Mu- sic of the spheres, the harmony supposed by the ancients to be produced by the movements of the celestial orbs. Mu'SIG-BOOK, n. A book containing tunes or songs for the voice or for instruments. Mu'SI€-MaS-TER n. One who teaches music. Mu'SIG-STOOL, n. A stool or seat for one who performs on a piano-forte or other musical instrument Mu'SI€-AL, a. 1. Belonging to music or agreeable sounds. 3. Melodious ; harmonious ; pleasing to the ear. — Musical glasses, a musical instrument consisting, cf a number of glass goblets, played upon with the end' of the finger damped. Mu'SI€-AL-LY, adv. In a melodious or harmonious man- ner ; with sweet sounds. Mu'SI€-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being melodious or harmonious. MU-SI"CIAN (mu-zish'an), n. 1. One who sings or performs on instruments of music according to the rules of the art 2. A person skilled in the science of music. In this sense it has commonly some qualifying term ; as, a scientific mu- sician. — Smart. MuS'ING, ppr. or a. Meditating in silence MuS'ING, n. Meditation ; contemplation. MuS'ING-LY, adv. By musing ; in a musing way. MUSK, n. [L.muscus.] A strong-scented substance obtained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the moschus moschif- erus, an animal that inhabits the mountains of Central Asia. Also, the animal itself, often called Thibet musk, and musk-deer. MUSK, n. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. — Johnson. MUSK, v. t. To perfume with musk. MUSK'-AP-PLE, n. A particular kind of apple. MUSK'-GAT, n. The animal called musk, which see. MUSK'-CHER-RY, n. A kind of che ry. MUSK-DEER, n. The common name ofthe animal called musk. See Musk. MUSK'-DUCK, n. A species of duck, £o called from its musky odor ; the Muscovy duck. MUSK'-MEL-ON, n. A delicious species rf melon ; named, probably, from its fragrance. MUSK'-OX, 7?. A ruminant mammal, of the bovine tribe, which inhabits the country about Hudson'? Bay. See Synopsis. A, K, I, &-c, long— X, K, 1, Sec, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— MARINE BiRI . -MoV -; Bf>V K, MUS 663 MUT MUSK'-PEaR, n. A fragrant kind of pear.— Johnson. MUSK'-RAT, >7i. An American animal, the fiber zibeth- MUS'QUASH, > icus, having in summer the smell of musk. It burrows La the banks of small streams, and is prized for its fur. MUSK'-RoSE, n. A fragrant species of rose. HUSK'-SEED, n. The seed of a plant of the genus hibiscus. MUSK-WOOD, n. The wood of a species of tree of the genus trichilia. MUS'KET, n. [It. moschetto ; Fr. mousquet.] 1. A species ol fire-arms used in war, originally discharged by a match, but now by a spring lock. 2. A male hawk of a small land, the female of which is the sparrow-hawk. MUS'KET-PROOF, a. Capable of resisting the force of a musket-ball. MUS-KET-EER', n. A soldier armed with a musket MUS-KET-OON', n. [Fr. mousqueton.] 1. A short thick mus- ket; the shortest kind of blunderbuss. 2. One who is armed with a musketoon. — Herbert. MUS'KET-RY, n. Muskets in general, or their fire. MUSK'I-NESS, n. [from musk.} The scent of musk. MUSK'Y, a. Having the odor of musk ; fragrant. MUS'LIN, n. [Fr. mousseline ; It. mussolina, ?nussolo.] A sort of fine thin cotton cloth, which bears a downy nap on its surface. MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as, a muslin gown. MUS'LIN DE LaINE, n. [Fr. mousseline de laine.] Literal- ly, woolen muslin; a woolen fabric of extremely fight texture, used for ladies' dresses, &c. MUS-LIN-ET, n. A sort of coarse cotton cloth. MUS'MON, In. An animal formerly inhabiting Corsica, MUS'I-MON, j Sardinia, &c, regarded as the origin of all the domesticated sheep. MUS'QUASH, n. See Musk-kat. MUS-QUl'TO 1 (mus-ke'to), n, [Sp., Port, mosquito.] A small MUS-Ke'TO j insect of the genus culex, that is bred in wa- ter ; a species of gnat that abounds in marshes and low lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious. [This word has been spelled in various ways, but musquito and mosquito are most prevalent, though the Anglicized iormmusketo would be preferable to either.] MUS'RoLE, n. [Fr. muserolle.] The nose-band of a horse's bridle. * MUSS, n. A scramble ; a confused struggle. — Shak. MUS'SSL, n. A bivalve shell-fish. See Muscle. MUS'SiTE, n. A pale green variety of pyroxene from Mus- sa, in Piedmont. MUS'SUL-MAN, n. ; pi. Mussulmans. A Mohammedan, or follower of Mohammed. MUS-SUL-MAN'LG, a. Belonging to, or resembling Mussul- mans, or their customs. MUS'SUL-MAN-ISH, a. Mohammedan.— Herbert. MUS'SUL-MAN-LY, adv. In the manner of Mussulmans. MUST, v. i. [Sax. most ; D. moeten, moest.] 1. To be oblig- ed; to be necessitated. 2. It expresses moral fitness or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or end proposed ; as, a teacher must be qualified. MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must.] Wine pressed from the grape, but not fermented. MUST, v. t. [Fr. moisi.] To make moldy and sour. MUST, v. i. To grow moldy and sour ; to contract a fetid smell. MUST AC, n. A small tufted monkey. MUS-TacHE' (mus-tash'), n. s. 1 [Fr. moustaches ; Sp. mos- MUS-TacH'ES, n.pl. 5 tacho ; Ital. mostacchio.] Long hair on the upper lip. MUS-TacH'IO (mus-tash'6), n. [It.] The same as mustache. MUS-TacH'15-ED, a. Having mustachioes. MUS'TARD, n. [It. mostarda^] A plant and its seed, which is ground into powder, forming a well-known condiment. MUS-TEE', \ n. The child of a white person and a quad- MES-TEE'J roon. [W.Indies.] MUS'TE-LlNE, a. [L.mustelinus.] Pertaining to the weasel, cr animals of the weasel family. KUS'TER, v. t. [G. mustern ; D. monstcren.] 1. Properly, to collect troops for review, parade, and exercise ; but in general, to collect or assemble troops, persons, or things. — 2. To muster up, to gather or obtain usually with some difficulty ; as, to muster up courage. — To muster troops into $ervice, is to inspect and enter them on the muster-roll of the army. — To muster troops out of service, is to inspect and enter them on a muster-roll, according to which they re- ceive pay for the last time, and are dismissed. — Cutler. MUSTER, v. i. To assemble ; to meet in one place. MUSTER, n. [It., Port, mostra.] 1. An assembling of troops for review, or a review of troops under arms. 2. A reg- ister or roll of troops mustered. 3. A collection, or the act of collecting. Ainsworth. — To pass muster, to pass with- out censure through a muster or inspection. MUS'TER-BOOK, n. A book in which forces are registered. MUSTER-FILE, n. The same as muster-roll.— Shak. MUSTEK-MaS-TER, n. One who takes an account of troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. MUSTER-ROLL, n. A roll or register of the troopa. MUSTERED, pp. Assembled, as troop3 for review. MUSTI-LY, adv. Mobiily ; sourly. MUSTI-NESS, n. The quality of being musty or sour moldiness ; damp foulness. — Evelyn. MUSTY, a. 1. Moldy ; sour ; foul and fetid. 2. Stale spoiled by age. 3. Having an 01 flavor. 4. Dull ; heavy spiritless. MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mutabilite ; L. mutabilitas.] ± Changeableness ; susceptibility of change. 2. The state c* habitually or frequently changing. 3. Changeableness, a» of mind, disposition, or will ; inconstancy ; instability. Mu'TA-BLE, n. [It. mutabile ; L. mutabilis.} Subject to change ; that may be altered in form, qualities, or nature susceptible of change. — Syn. Changeable ; alterable , ug stable ; unsteady ; unsettled ; wavering ; inconstant , ra riable ; irresolute ; fickle. MuTA-BLE-NESS, n. Changeableness; mutability; insta bility. Mu'TA-BLY, adv. In a mutable manner ; changeably. Mu'TAgE, n. A process for checking the fermentation o. the must of grapes. MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. mutatio.] 1. The act or process ot chan ings, limbs, &c, particularly, castration. Mu'TI-LI-TOR n. One who mucilates. MuTI-LOUS, a. Mutilated ; defective ; imperfect. Mu'TINE, a mutineer, and Mu'TINE, to mutiny, are not in use. MUTI-NEER', n. One guilty of mutiny. See Mutiny MuTING, n. The dung of birds. — More. MtJTI-NOUS, a. 1. Turbulent ; one disposed to resist tit authority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or openly resisting such authority. 2. Seditious. Mu'TI-NOUS-LY, adv. In a manner or with intent to op- pose lawful authority or due subordination in military or naval service. MuTI-NOUS-NESS, n. The state of being mutinous ; oppo- sition to lawful authority among military men. MOTI-NY, 7i. [Fr. mutinerie.] An insurrection of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their commanders ; open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority. MtJTI-NY, v. i. To rise against lawful authority in military and naval service. MUTTER, v. i. [L. mutio.] 1. To utter words with a low voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in com- plaint ; to grumble ; to murmur. 2. To sound with a low, rumbling noise. MUTTER, v. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or with a low, murmuring voice. MUTTER, n. Murmur ; obscure utterance. — Milton. MUTTERED, pp. or a. Uttered in a low, murmuring voice. MUTTER-ER, n. A grumbler ; one who mutters. MUTTER-ING, ppr. c-' a. Uttering with a low, murmuring voice ; grumbling murmuring. MUTTER-ING-LY, uJv. With a low voice; without dis- tinct articulation. MUTTON (mufu). «. [Fr. mouton.] 1. The flesh of sheep, raw or dressed for food. 2. A sheep. — Bacon. ' IK)VE ;— BULL. UNITE ;— AN"GER Vf'CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; EH as SH ; TH as in this. 1 Obsolete. MYK, 664 MYS WUTTON-Cli OP, n. A rib of mutton for broiling, having the bone at the thin end chopped off. MUTTON FIST, n. A large, red, brawny hand. MOTU-AL (mii( yu-al), a. [Fr. mutuel ; L. mutuus.] Recip- rocal ; interchanged ; each acting in return or correspond- ence to the other ; given and received. MU-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Reciprocation ; interchange. — Shak. MOTU-AL-LY, adv. Reciprocally; in the manner of giving and receiving. MU-TU-ITION, n. [L. mutuatio.] The act of borrowing.— Hall. [Little used.] Mu'TULE (mtit'yule), n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, a pro- jecting block under the corner of the Doric cornice, in the same situation as the modillion of other orders. MUX, n. [for muck.] Dirt. — Grose. MUX'Y, a. Dirty ; gloomy. — Lemon. MUZ'ZLE (muz'zl), n. [Fr. museau.] 1. The mouth of a thing ; the extreme or end for entrance or discharge ; [applied chiefly to the end of a tube.] 2. The projecting mouth and nose of an animal, as of a horse. 3. A fasten- ing for the mouth which hinders from biting. MUZ'ZLE, v. t. 1. To bind the mouth ; to fasten the mouth to prevent biting or eating. 2. To fondle with the mouth close ; [ low.] 3. To restrain from hurt. MUZ'ZLE, v. i. To bring the mouth near. — L? Estrange. MUZ'ZLE-LASH'ING, n. The lashing by which the muz- zle of a gun in a ship is secured to the upper part of the port. — Brande. MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring or circle that sur- rounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece. — Encyc. MUZ'ZLED, pp. Fastened by the mouth to prevent biting or eating. MUZ'ZLING, ppr. Fastening the mouth. MUZ'Z Y, a. [from muse.] Absent in mind ; bewildered. * MY, pronom. adj. [contracted from migen, mine. See Mine.] Belonging to me ; as, this is my book. MYL'O-DON, n. An extinct edentate animal, allied to the megatherium. — Lyell. MYN'CHEN, n. [Sax. mynchen.] A nun.— Diet. MYNCH'ER-Y, n. The Saxon name for a nunnery ; a term still applied to the nuns of certain nunneries in England. -Gloss, of Archk. MYN-HEER', n. [D. my lord.] A Dutchman. MY-O-GRAPH'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to a description of the muscles. My-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the muscles. MY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. uv weight equal to ten thousand grammes, or about 22 lbs. avoirdupois. MYR-I-AL'I-TER, In. [Gr. ^vpia and Atrpa.] A French MYR'I-A-Ll-TRE, 5 measure of capacity containing ten thousand litres, or nearly 42 hogsheads of English wine measure. MYR-I-AM'E-TER, >n. [Gr. pvpia and ue-pov.] In the new MYRLA-ME- TRE, } system of French measures, th e length of ten thousand metres, or nearly 6i English miles. MYR'I-A-POD.re. [Gr. jxvpia, ten thousand, and -oSeg, feet.] One of an order or class of insects having many feet or legs.— Bell. MYR'I-aRCH (mir'e-ark), n. [Gr. uvpia and apxog.] A cap- tain or commander often thousand men. SdYRLARE, n. [Gr. uvpta, and are ; L. area.] A French lin- ear measure of ten thousand ares, or nearly 247 English acres. — Lunier. MYR1-CIN, n. The substance which remains after bees- wax has been digested in alcohol. — Myricin and cerin are the proximate principles of wax. MYR-IO-LOd'IC-AL, a. Pertaining to a myriologue. MYR-I-OL'0-<5IST, n. A person, commonly a female, who utters a myriologue. MYR'I-O-LOGUE, n. [Gr. nvptog, extreme, and \oyoS.] In modern Greece, an extemporaneous funeral song for the dead. MYIW-O-Ra'MA, n. [Gr. uvpiog, infinite, and opaw, to see.] Views of objects in numbers indefinite ; sections so con- trived that they may be combined into pictures to any extent. MYR'MI-DON (mur'me-don), n. [Gr. ixvpf.t. 3wv.] Priviartly the Myrmidons are said to have been a people on the bor- ders of Thessaly; the troops of Achilles. A desperate soldier or ruffian under some daring leader. MYR-MI-Do'NI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to myrmidons. MY-ROB'A-LAN, n. [L. myrobolanum.] A dried fruit, which is a drupe, brought from the East Indies. The term my- robalan comprehends several different fruits. MY-ROP'O-LIST, n. [Gr. uvpov and ttwAsw.] One who sells unguents. [Little used.] MYRRH (mur), n. [L. myrrha.] An inspissated sap that comes in the form of drops or globules of various colore and sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter taste. It is the produce of a tree growing chiefly in Arabia. MYR'RHINE, a. [L. myrrhinus.] Made of the murrhhse stone, or fluor spar. — Milton. MYR'TI-FORM, a. [L. myrtus and form.] Resembling myit- tle or myrtle berries. MYRTLE (mur'tl), n. [L. myrtus.] An evergreen shrub of the genus myrtus, celebrated for its beautiful and fragrant foliage. The ancients considered it sacred to Venus. MYR'TLE-BER-RY, n. The fruit of the myrtle. MYR'TLE-WAX, n. A concrete oil or vegetable wax, pro- duced by certain plants called myrica. or candleberrp- myrtle. — Encyc. Am. MY'RUS, n. A Mediterranean species of conger eel. MY-SELF', pron. 1. A compound of my and self used after /, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinc- tion between the speaker and another person ; as, I my- self will do it. — 2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of I; as, I will defend myself. 3. It is sometimes used without I, particularly in poetry. MYS-TA-G06TC-AL, a. Pertaining to the interpretation of mysteries. MYS'TA-GOGUE (mis'ta-gog), n. [Gr. nvorvg and aywyoS.] 1. One who interprets mysteries. 2. One who keeps church relics and shows them to strangers. MYS-TeRI-AL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma. MYS-Te'RI-aRCH, n. [Gr. uvarripiov and apxoS-] One pre- siding over mysteries. — Johnson. MYS-TE'RI-OUS, a. 1. Hid from the understanding ; not clearly understood. — 2. In religion, not revealed or ex- plained ; hidden from human understanding ; beyond hu- man comprehension. — Syn. Obscure ; secret ; occult ; dark ; mystic ; cabalistic , enigmatical ; unintelligible ; in- comprehensible. MYS-Te'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely ; enigmatically. 2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligible. MYS-Te'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Obscurity ; the quality of be- ing hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite curiosityor wonder. 2. Artful perplexity. MYSTER-lZE, v. t. To express in enigmas. MYS'TER-lZiD, pp. Expressed enigmatically. MYS'TER-lZ-ING, ppr. Expressing in enigmas. • MYS'TER-Y, n. [L. mysterium: Gr. uvarripiov.] 1. A pro- found secret ; something wholly unknown. — 2. In religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God, or in the economy of Divine providence, which is not revealed to man. 3. That which is beyond human comprehension until explained. 4. An enigma ; any thing artfully made difficult. 5. A kind of rude drama, of a religious charac- ter, called a mystery or miracle, because representing the mysterious doctrines of Christianity or its early miracles. 6. A trade ; a calling ; any mechanical occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to others. — 7. The Mysteries, among the ancients, were a kind of secret religious wor- ship, to which none were admitted except those who had been initiated by certain preparatory ceremonies. MYSTIC, n. One who holds the doctrines of mysticism. MYSTIC, ?a. [L. mysticus.] 1. Obscure ; hid ; secret MYSTIC-AL, > 2. Sacredly obscure or secret ; remote from human comprehension. 3. Involving some secret meaning; allegorical; emblematical. MYSTIC-AL-LY, adv. In a manner or by an act implying a secret meaning. — Donne. MYSTIC-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being mystical, or of involving some secret meaning. MYSTI-CISM, n. 1. Obscurity of doctrine. 2. The doctrine of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime, and per'ect devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain that in calm and holy contemplation they have direct intercourse with the Divine Spirit, and acquire a knowledge in divine things which is unattainable by the reasoning faculty. MYSTICS, n. pi. A class of religious people who profess to have direct intercourse with the Spirit of God in tab-* and holy contemplation, and to receive such imj^essions as are true religious knowledge. — Murdock. MYS-TI-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of rendering any thinj mysterious. MYSTI-FI.ED, pp. Involved in mystery so a3 to mislead MYSTI-FY, v. t. To involve in mystery so as 'o irisiead. See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.—l. E. I, &c. , short —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, - liR" . --..K^S bOO&.' NAI 665 NAN MYS'TI-FY-ING,pj»r. Involving in mystery so as to mislead. MYTH, n. [Gr. uv9o;.] A fictitious or fanciful narrative having an analogy more or less remote to some real event MYTHIC, \ a. [from Gr. uvOoS.) Pertaining to a myth; MYTH'IG-AL, 5 fabulous.— Shuckford. MYTH'ie-AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a myth ; fabu- lously. Mf-THOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /ivdoi and ypa$u>.] A writer of fables. MYTH-0-LO(iT€ ; I a. Relating to mythology; fabu- MYTH-0-L06TC-AL, 5 lous. MYTH-0-L06IG-AL-LY, adv. In a way suited to the sys- tem of fables. Mf -THOL/0-6IST, n. One versed in mythology ; one who writes on mythology. — Norrts. MY-THOL'O-dlZE, v. i. To relate or explain the fabulous history of the heathen. MY-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. uvcpog and Aoyo?.] A system of fa- bles, or fabulous opinions and doctrines, respecting the deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside over the world or to influence the affairs of it Mf 'THO-PLASM, n. A narration of mere fable. MYTT-LlTE, n. [Gr. fivriXos-] In geology, a petrified mus- cle or shell of the genus mytilus. MYX'ON, n. [Gr. yLv\o S .] A fish of the mullet kind. N. Nis the fourteenth letter of the English alphabet, and an articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect mute or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter ; the articulation being accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has One sound only, and after rn is silent, or nearly so, as in hymn and condemn. N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifying 900, and, with a stroke over it, N, 9000. — Among the lawyers, N. L. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear. — N. is used as an abbreviation of north. N. E. stands for northeast ; N. W. for northwest ; N. N. E. for north-northeast ; N. N. W. for north-northwest, &c. — In commerce, No. is an abbrevia- tion of the French nombre, and stands for number. N. B. stands for L. nota bene, observe well. N. S. stands for new style. NAB, n. The summit of a mountain or rock. — Grose. [Local.] NAB, v. t. [Sw. nappa ; Dan. napper.] To catch suddenly ; to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust [A low word.] NABBJ5D, pp. Caught suddenly. NAB'BING, ppr. Seizing suddenly. Na'BOB, n. 1. A deputy or viceroy in India ; properly, a sub- ordinate provincial governor under a subahdar. Hence, 2. A man of great wealth. NA€'A-RAT, n. [Sp. nacar, mother-of-pearl.] 1. A pale red color of an orange cast. 2. A fine linen or crape dyed of this color. — Ure. NA€K'ER, ?„ N Nl'KER. j*«e«ACBK. NI'CRE (naTierV n. [Fr.] A beautiful iridescent substance which lines the interior of some shells, and is most per- fect in the mother-of-pearl. — Buchanan. Na'CRE-OUS, a. Having an iridescent luster like the moth- er-of-pearl. — Phillips. Na'GRiTE, n. A mineral consisting of fine pearly scales, and having a greasy feel. It contains silica and alumina. — Dana. Nl'DlR, n. [Ar.] That point of the heavens or lower hem- isphere directly opposite to the zenith ; the point directly under the place where we stand. Na'DLE-STEiN, n. [G. nadel and stein.] Needle-stone ; ru- tile. — Ure. NjEVE, n. [L. navus.] A spot. — Dryden. N^VoSE, a. Spotted ; freckled. NAFF' } "' A kind of tatted sea-fowl. NAG, n. A small horse; a horse in general, or rather a sprightly horse. 2. A paramour. — Shak. ; [in contempt.] NAG'GY, a. Contentious. [North of England] Na'IAD (na'yad), n. TGr. vutadts.] In mythology, a water- nymph ; a female deity that presides over rivers and springs. Ka'IA-DeS (na'ya-deez), n. pi. 1. Water nymphs ; naiads. [See Naiad.] — 2. In conchology, a family of fresh-water bi- valves. P. Cyc. — 3. In botany, an order of endogenous aquatic plants. — P. Cyc. KaIL n. [Sax. neegel ; Sw., G., D. nagel.] 1. The claw or talon of a bird or other animal. 2. The horny substance growing at the end of the human fingers and toes. 3. A •mall pointed piece of metal, usually with a head ; to be oriven into a board or other piece of timber, and serving to fasten it to other timber. 4. A stud or boss , a short nail with a large broad head. — Swift. 5. A measure of length, being two inches and a quarter, or the 16th of t yard.— On the nail, in hand ; immediately ; without delay or time of credit. — To hit the nail on the head, to hit oJ touch the exact point. NaIL, v. t. 1. To fasten with nails ; to unite, close, or make compact with nails. 2. To stud with nails. 3. To stoj the vent of a cannon ; to spike. NAILED, pp. Fastened with nails ; studded. NIIL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to make nails. Na.IL'ER-Y, n. A manufactory where nails are made. NaIL'ING, ppr. Fastening with nails ; studding. Na'TVE (na'ev), a. [Fr.] Having native or unaffected sim plicity ; ingenuous. Na'iVE-LY, adv. [Fr. naif, from L. nativus.] With nati.7* or unaffected simplicity. Na'iVE-TE (na'ev-ta), n. Native simplicity; unaffected plainness or ingenuousness. — Gray. NI'KED, a. [Sax. nacod ; G. nacket, nackt ; D. naakt.] 1. Not covered ; having no clothes on. 2. Exposed ; having no means of defense. 3. Open to view ; not concealed.— Heb., iv. 4. Destitute of worldly goods. — Job, i. 5. Ex- posed to shame and disgrace. — Ex., xxxii. 6. Guilty and exposed to divine wrath. — Rev., hi. 7. Without disguise, ornament, or exaggeration ; as, a naked statement. 8. Without adjunct or addition ; as, naked belief. — 9. In bot- any, destitute of the customary covering, as a flower with- out a calyx, a stem without leaves, &c. 10. Not assisted by glasses, as vision. — 11. Naked flooring, in carpentry, is the timber- work of a floor. Gwilt. — Syn. Uncovered ; bare ; unarmed ; defenseless ; unprotected ; open ; mani- fest ; evident ; plain ; simple ; artless ; undisguised ; una- dorned ; mere. Na'KED-LY, adv. 1. Without covering. 2. Simply ; bare- ly ; merely ; in the abstract. — Burke. 3. Evidently. Na'KED-NESS, n. 1. Want of covering or clothing ; nudi- ty ; bareness. 2. Want of means of defense. 3. Plain- ness ; openness to view. — To uncover nakedness, in Scrip- ture, to have unlawful intercourse with a woman. Na'KIR, n. A wandering pain passing from one limb to another. — Schenk. NALL, n. [Dan. naal.] An awl, such as collar-makers or shoe-makers use. [Not used, or local.] NAM'BY-PAM'BY, n.or a. A term applied to that which is .contemptible for affected prettiness. — Smart. NAME, n. [Sax. nama ; D. naam ; G. name.] 1. That by which a thing is called ; an appellation or title attached to a thing by customary use. 2. The letters or characters written or engraved, expressing the sounds by which a person or thing is known and distinguished. 3. A person. 4. Reputation ; character ; credit ; that which is common- ly said of a person. 5. Renown ; fame ; honor ; celebrity ; eminence ; praise ; distinction. 6. Remembrance ; mem- ory. 7. Appearance only; sound only; not reality. 8. Authority ; behalf ; part ; as, in the name of the king. 9. Assumed character of another. — 10. In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attributes, his will or pur- pose, his honor and glory, his word, his grace, his wisdom, power, and goodness, his worship or service, or God him- self. 11. Issue ; posterity that preserves the name. — Deut., xxv. — 12. In grammar, a noun. — To call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by reproachful appellations. Swift. — To take the name of God in vain, to swear falsely or profanely. — To know by name, to honor by a particular friendship. — Christian name, the name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from surname. NAME, v. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan.] 1. To set or give to any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds, by which it may be known and distinguished ; to give an ap- pellation to. 2. To speak of by name. 3. To point out for any purpose by name. 4. To entitle. Milton. — To name the name of Christ, to make profession of faith in him. 2 Tim., iv. — Syn. To denominate ; style ; term ; call ; mention ; specify ; designate ; nominate. NaMJED, pp. Called ; denominated ; designated by name. NaME'LESS, a. 1. Without a name ; not distinguished by an appellation, — Waller. 2. Noting a person or thing whose name is not known or mentioned. NaME'LESS-LY, adv. Without a name. NaME'LY, adv. To mention by name ; particularly. NaM'ER^ n. One who names or calls by name. NaME'SaKE, n. One who has the same name as anothe*. — Addison. NIM'ING, ppr. Calling ; nominating ; mentioning. NiMTNG-LY, adv. By name. NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used as an interrogative NAN'DU, n. The American ostrich. NAN-KEEN', n. [Nankin, a Chinese word.] A species of cloth of a firm texture, from China, made of a 6ort of cOtr ton that is naturally of a permanent yellowish color This cloth is now imitated by the manufacturers in Great Britain and America. 1)6 VE ;— BUI L, UNITE •— AN"GER, Vl'dOUS.— € as K; 6 as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH; TH as in this, t Ohsolett. NAJt 6G6 NAT N4P,u. [Sts k,\appian.] A short sleep or slumber. [CoU hquial. ? HAP, v t 1 To havp a short sleep ; to be drowsy. 2. To be 'in a caii (-neepr"), a. Left aground. A ship is said to BE-NEAP.ED' 5 be neaped when left aground <*t tne height of the spring tides. — R. H. Dana, Jr. NE-A-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in Italy. NE-A-POL'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the king- dom of Naples. NEAR (neer), a. [Sax. ner or neara.] 1. Not far dktant in place, time, or degree. 2. Closely related by blood ; as, she is my father's near kinswoman. — Lev., xviii. 3. Not distant in affection, support, or assistance ; willing to aid. 4. United in close ties of affection or confidence, as a friend. 5. Affecting one's interest or feelings. — Shah. 6. Inclined to covetousness ; parsimonious. 7. Not loose, free, or rambling ; literal ; closely resembling an original ; as, the nearest translation. 8. Next to one ; on the left ; opposed to off; as, the near side. — Syn. Nigh; close; adjacent; proximate ; contiguous ; present ; ready ; intimate ; fa- miliar; dear. NeAR adv. Almost ; within a little. — Addison. NEAR, v. t. To approach ; to come nearer ; as, the ship neared the land. [A seaman's phrase.) NeAR v. i. To draw near. [A naval expression.) NeAR'-SiGHT'ED (neer'-sifed), a. Shortsighted; seeing ai a small distance only. NeAR'-SiGHTED-NESS, n. The state of being short sighted. NeAR'EST, a. [superl. of near.) Shortest ; most direct NeAR'LY, adv. 1. At no great distance ; not remotely. 2. Closely. 3. Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close relation to one's interest or happiness. 4. Almost; within a little. 5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner. NeAR'NESS, n. 1. Closeness ; small distance. 2. Close al- liance by blood ; propinquity. 3. Close union by affec- tion ; intimacy of friendship. 4. Parsimony ; closeness id expenses. — Bacon. NeAT (neet), n, [Sax. neat, neten.) 1. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows. 2. A single cow. NeAT, a. [It. netto ; Sp. neto ; Fr. net.) 1. Very clean ; free from foul or extraneous matter. 2. -Free from impura words and phrases ; [applied to style.) 3. Preserving neat ness, as persons. 4. Unmixed ; unadulterated ; [ob's.] 5. Free from tawdry appendages and well adjusted as attire 6. Clear of the cask, case, bag, box, &c. ; as, neat weight It is usually written net or nett. — Syn. Nice ; pure ; clean- ly ; tidy ; trim ; spruce. NEATHERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.) A person who has "tlie care of cattle ; a cow-keeper. — Dryden. NeAT'LY, adv. 1. With neatness ; in a neat manner ; in a cleanly manner. 2. With good taste ; without tawdry or- naments. 3. Nicely; handsomely. NeAT'NESS, n. 1. Exact cleanliness ; entire freedom from foul matter. 2. Purity ; freedom from ill-chosen words. 3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments ; with good adjustment of tho several parts. NeATRESS, n. A female who takes care of cattle. [Not used in America^) NE AT'S'-FOOT OIL, n. Oil obtained by boiling calves' feet Gardner. NEB, n. [Sax. neb or nebbe ] The nose ; the beak of a bird ; the bill ; the mouth ; also written nib. NEB'U-LA, n. ; pi. Nebulje. [L. neoula.] 1. A white spot or a slight opacity, of the cornea. — 2. In astronomy, a name given to faint, misty appearances, which are dimly seen among the stars., resembling a comet or a speck of fog. They are usually, but not always, resolved by the telescope into myriads of small stars. — Olmsted. NEB'U-LAR a. Pertaining to nebula?. — Nebular hypothesis.- a celebrated hypothesis, framed by Laplace, which sup- poses that the solar system has been gradually formed out of a nebula or collection of matter thinly diffused through a large space. NEB-U-LOS'I-TY.-n. 1. The state of being cloudy or hazy — 2. In astronomy, a name given to the faint, misty ap- pearances surrounding certain stars. — Olmsted. NEB-U-LOUS, a. [L. nebulosus.) 1. Cloudy; hazy. -2. In astronomy, pertaining to, or having the «-ppew.rance ol, a nebula * See Synopsis I. E, I, &c, long.-l, i, t post-mortem examinations. NE-CRo'SIS, n. [Gr. vExpwais.] 1. Among physicians, mor tification ; the dry gangrene. — 2. Among surgeons, an h? flammation of a bone terminating in its death. — 3. In bota ny, a disease of plants, consisting of small black spots b© neath which the substance of the plant decays. — Brande, NECTAR, n. [L.] 1. In mythology and poetry, the drink of the gods. 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink. NEC-Ta'RE-AN, ) a. Resembling nectar ; very sweet ana NEG-Ta'RE-OUS, ) pleasant.— Pope. NE€'TARi?D, a. Imbued with nectar ; mingled with neb- tar ; abounding with nectar. NEG-Ta'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a nectareous manner. NEG-Ta'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being necta- reous. NEC-TaHI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant NEG-TAR-IF'ER-OUS, a. [nectar, and L. fero.] Producing nectar or honey. — Lee. NEC'TAR-iNE, a. Sweet as nectar.— Milton. NEG'TAR-INE, n. A fruit resembling the peach, but with a smooth rind. NEG-T1'RI-UM, n. [from nectar.] Any part of a flower which secretes a honey-like substance ; the nectary. NEG'TAR-lZE, v. t. To sweeten.— Cockeram. NECTAR IZED, pp. Sweetened. NEGTAR-IZ-ING, ppr. Sweetening. NEGTAR-OUS, a. Sweet as nectar.— Milton. NEG'TAR-Y. n. In botany, the melliferous part of a vegeta- ble, peculiar to the flower. tNED'DER, n. [W. nadyr; Sax. nedder.] An adder. NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd; D. nood.] 1. Want; oc- casion for something ; a state that requires supply or re- lief. 2. Want of the means of subsistence. — Syn. Exi- gency ; emergency ; strait ; extremity ; necessity ; dis- tress ; destitution ; poverty ; indigence ; penury. NEED, v. t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan.] To want; to lack; to require, as supply or relief. NEED, v. i. To be wanted ; to be necessary ; [obs.] — Neca is sometimes employed as an auxiliary, or, at least, is used in the singular as well as plural ; as, he need not go. NEED'ED^. or a. Wanted. NEED'ER, n. One who wants. NEED'FUL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief ; requisite. NEED'FUL-LY, adv. Necessarily.— Ben Jonson. NEED'I-LY, ad". In want or poverty. NEED'I-NESS, n. Want ; poverty ; indigence. NEEDING, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as~supply or relief. NEEDLE (needl), n. [Sax. nedl, ncedl; G. nadel.] 1. A small instrument of steel, pointed at one end, with an eye at the other to receive a thread, used in sewing. 2. A small pointed piece of steel used in the mariner's compass, which, by its magnetic quality, is attracted and directed to the pole : often called the magnetic needle. 3. Any crys- tallized substance in the form of a needle. — Dipping-needle, See Dipping-Needle. NEE'DLE, v. t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle. NEE'DLE, v. i. To shoot in crystallization into the form of needles. — Fourcroy. NEE'DLE-BOQK, n. A place for sticking needles on cloth, protected by covers like those of a book. NEETJLE-FISH, n. A name of certain fishes, also called pipe-fishes. They have a long and very slender body. NEE'DLER MIK " ER ' } n ' 0ne who manufactures needles NEE'DLE-oRE, n. Acicular ore of bismuth. — Dana. NEE'DLE-POINT-ED, a. Pointed as needles: NEE'DLE-SToNE. n. A mineral, a species of zeolite. NEEDLE-W6RK (needl-wurk), n. Work executed with a needle ; or the business of a seamstress, NEEDLE-WORKED (-wurkt), a. Worked with needles. NEE'DLE-Ze'O-LiTE, n. A species of zeolite. NEE'DL-ED, pp. or a. Crystallized in the form of needles. NEE'DLE-FUL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a needle. NEED'LESS, a. 1. Not wanted ; unnecessary ; not requi- site. 2. Not wanting.— Shak. ; [obs.]— Syn. Unnecessary ; useless ; profits ; unprofitable. NEED'LESS-LY, adv. Without necessity. NEED'LESS-NESS, n. Unnecessariness.— Locke. NEETJLING, ppr. Forming crystals like needles. t NEED'MENT, n. Something needed or wanted. NEEDS, adv. [Sax. nedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably generally used with must. NEED'Y, a. Necessitous : indigent ; very poor ; distressed by want of the means of living. — Addison. NEEL'GHAU, n. See Nylghau. * NE'ER (nare), A contraction of never. tNEESE (neez), v, i. [G. neesen.] To sneeze. ~D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VJ"CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete* jNEG 670 NEO SfifltW oRT, n. A plant.— Sherwood. tNEES'lNG, n. A sneezing. NE EX' 11- AT. [I..] In law, a writ to prevent a person from going out of the country. — Bouvier. fNEF, n. The nave of a church. See Nave. NE-FAN'DOUS, a. [L. nefandus.] Not to be named ; abom- inable.— Sheldon. NE FX'RI-OUS, a. [L. nefarius.] Wicked in the extreme; sinful, villainous, or vile in the highest degree. — Syn. Abom- inable ; detestable ; horrible ; dreadful ; atrocious ; infa- mous ; iniquitous ; impious. NE-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness ; abom- inably. — Milton. NE-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being nefarious. NE-Ga'TION, n. [L. negatio.] 1. Denial ; a declaration that something is not. — 2. In logic, description by denial, ex- clusion, or exception. 3. Argument drawn from denial. NEG'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. negatif; L. negativus.] 1. Implying denial or negation ; opposed to affirmative. 2. Implying absence ; opposed to positive. 3. Having the power of stopping or restraining; as, a negative vote. — Negative sign, in algebra, the sign of subtraction, thus, — . Nega- tive quantity, a quantity which is required to be subtract- ' ed. — Negative electricity, in Dr. Franklin's theory, a defi- ciency of the electric fluid. NEG'A-TlVE, n. 1. A proposition by which something is denied. 2. A word that denies ; as, not, no. — 3. In legisla- tion, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a law or decree. — Negative pregnant, in law, is a negative which brings forth, or implies, an affirmative. — Encyc. Am. NEGA-TIVE, v. t. 1. To disprove ; to prove the contrary. 2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or sanction. 3. To resist a choice or what is proposed. NEGA.-TlV.ED, pp. Disproved ; rejected by vote. NEG'A-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. With or by denial. 2. In the form of speech implying the absence of something. 3. Negatively charged or electrified, in Dr. Franklin's theory of electricity, having a deficiency of the electric fluid. NEG'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being negative. NEG'A-TO-RY, a. That denies ; belonging to negation. [Little used.] NEG-LE€T', v. t. [L. neglectus.) 1. To omit by careless- ness or design : to forbear to do, use, employ, promote, or attend to. 2. To omit to accept or embrace, as an offer. 3. Not to notice ; to forbear to treat with attention or re- spect, as a stranger. 4. To postpone ; [obs.] — Syn. To disregard ; disesteem ; overlook ; slight ; contemn. NEG-LECT, n. 1. Omission ; forbearance to do any thing that can be done or that requires to be done. 2. Omission of attention or civilities ; as, to treat one with neglect. 3. Habitual want of regard. 4. State of being disregarded. — Syn. Inattention ; disregard ; disesteem ; slight ; indif- ference ; negligence. NEG-LE€T / ED, pp. or a. Omitted to be done ; slighted ; disregarded. NEG-LECTED-NESS, n. State of being neglected.— More. NEG-LECT'ER, n. One who neglects. NEG-LECT'FIJL.a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; inattentive. 2. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought-to be done. 3. Treating with neglect or slight. 4. Indicating neglect, slight, or indifference. NEG-LE€T'FUL-LY, adv. _ With neglect ; with heedless in- attention ; with careless indifference. HEG-LE-GT'WG, ppr. Omitting; passing by ; forbearing to do ; slighting ; treating with indifference. NEG-LE€TTNG-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly.— Shak. ( NEG-LECTION, n. The state of being negligent. NEG-LECT'iVE, a. Inattentive ; regardless of. [Rare.] NEG-LI-GEE' (neg-le-zha'), n. [Fr.neglige.] Akindofgown formerly worn. NEG'LI-GENCE, n. [L. negligentia.] 1. Neglect ; omission to do. 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be done, or a habit of omitting to do things ; carelessness. NEG'LI-GENT, a. 1. Apt or accustomed to omit what ought to be done. 2. Not having regard.— Syn. Care- less ; heedless ; neglectful ; regardless ; indifferent ; inat- tentive ; remiss. NEG'LI-GENT-LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; heedlessly ; with- out exactness. 2. With slight, disregard, or inattention. NE-G O-TI A-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.— Sewall. NE-Go'TIA-BLE (-sha-bl), a. That may be transferred by assignment or indorsement ; that may be passed from the owner to another person so as to vest the property in the assignee. — Walsh. tNE-Go'TIANT, n. One who negotiates ; a negotiator. NE-Go'TIlTE, v. i. [L. negotior ; Fr. negocier.] 1. To transact business ; to treat with another respecting pur- chase and sale ; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade. 2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, league, or convention ; to treat with respecting peace or commerce. NE-Go'TIlTE (ne-go'shate), v. t. 1. To procure by mutual intercourse and agreement with another. 2. To procure, make, or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement with others. 3. To sell ; to pass ; to transfer for a valua- ble consideration, as a note. NE-Go'TIa-TED, pp. Procured or obtained by agreement with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consider- ation. NE-GoTIa-TING, ppr. Treating with; transactiig busi- ness. NE-GO-TI-aTION, (-she-aO, n. 1. A negotiating ; Uie trans- acting of business in traffic ; the treating with another re- specting sale or purchase. 2. The transaction of business between nations ; as, negotiation of a treaty. * NE-Go'TIa-TOR, n. One who negotiates ; one who treats with others. — Swift. Ne'GRESS, n. A female of the black race of Africa. Ne'GRO, n. [It., Sp. negro ; L. niger.] One of the black race of men in Africa ; or one descended from this race. Ne'GRO-LOID, a. [negro, and Gr. a6oj.] Belonging to per- sons who are like negroes. Ne'GUS, n. A liquor made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg, and lemon juice : so called, from its first maker, Colonel Negus. tNElF, n. [Icel. nefi.] 1. The neaf or fist. 2. A slave. NEIGH (na), v. i. [Sax. hntzgan.] To utter the voice of a horse, expressive of want or desire ; to whinny. NEIGH (na), n. The voice of a horse ; a whinnying. NEIGH'BOR (na'bur), n. [Sax. nehbur, nehgebur ; G. nock- bar; D. nabuur; Sw. nabo ; Dan. naboe.] 1. One who lives near another. 2. One who lives in familiarity with another ; a word of civility. 3. An intimate ; a confidant ; [obs.] 4. A fellow-being. — Acts, vii. 5. One of the human race ; any one who deeds our help.— Luke, x. 6. A coun- try that is near. NEIGH'BOR (na'bur), v. t. 1. To adjoin ; to confine on or be near to. 2. To acquaint with ; to make near to or make familiar. — Shak. ; [obs.] NEIGH'BOR, a. Near to another ; adjoining ; next. — Jer., i. NEIGHBOR-HOOD (na'bur-), n. 1. A place near ; vicinity ; vicinage ; the adjoining district, or any place not distant 2. State of being near each other. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vicinity of each other. NEIGH'BOR-ING, a. Living or being near.— Foley. NEIGH'BOR-LI-NESS, n, State or quality of being neigh- borly. NEIGH'BOR-LY (na/bur-le), a. 1. Becoming a neighbor. % Cultivating familiar intercourse ; interchanging frequent visits. — Syn. Kind ; civil ; obliging ; friendly ; social. NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. With social civility. t NEIGHBOR-SHIP, n. State of being neighbors. NEIGHING (na'ing), ppr. Whinnying. NEIGHING (na'ing), n. The voice of a horse ; a whinny- ing. — Jer., viii. NeI'THER (ne'fher or nl-fher. The former is given m most dictionaries, and still prevails in America. The lat- ter is now common in England), compound pronoun, pro- nominal adjective, or a substitute. [Sax. nather, nathor, nav^ ther, or nouther.] In general, not either ; not the one nw the other. 1. It refers to individual things or persons ; as. which road shall I take ? Neither. 2. It refers to a sen- tence ; as, " ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it" 3. Neither primarily refers to two ; not cither of two. Br.t, by usage, it is applicable to any number, referring to indi- viduals separately considered. NEM'A-LlNE, a. [Gr. vrjua, a thread.] In mineralogy, hav- ing the form of threads ; fibrous. — Shcpard. NEM'A-LlTE, n. [Gr. wua and XidoS-] A fibrous hylratd of magnesia. — Dana. NEM. CON. for nemine contradicente. [L.] No one contra dieting or opposing, that is, unanimously ; without oppo sition. NEM. DISS, for nemine dissentiente. [L.] No one dis- senting. NE-Me'AN, a. Pertaining to Nemea, a village of Argolis, in ancient Greece, where games were held triennially. NEM'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. veuos and XiOoC] An arborized stone- NEM'O-RAL, a. [L. nemoralis.] Pertaining to a wood or grove. — Diet. NEM'O-ROUS, a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. — Evelyn. tNEMP'NE, v. t. [Sax. nemnan.] To call.— Chaucer. t Ne'NI-A, n. LGr.] A funeral song ; an elegy. ' NENH-PHAR, n. The great white water-lily of Europe. NE-OD'A-MODE, n. [Gr. veo5a^5r]S.] In ancient Greece, a person newly admitted to citizenship. — Mitford. NE-OG'A-MIST, n. [Gr. veos, new, and ya/xeu), to marry.l A person recently married. NE-O-LOoTC, \a. Pertaining to neology; emp;oyin§ NE-O-LOg'IC-AL, 5 new words. NE-O-LOg'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a neological manner. NE-OL'O-GISM, it. 1. The introduction of new wjsds w new doctrines. 2. New terms or doctrines. NE-OL'O-GIST, n. 1. One who introduces new «ords.-~ * See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, 1 &c, shcr*.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— MARINE, BIRD ;— M'' ^ E, 3»P<>K, NER 671 NET Med. Repos. ; [disused.] 2. An innovator in theology ; one who introduces rationalistic vi<^ws subversive of re- vealed truth : [this is now the prevailing sense.] NE-OL-O-dl-ZSTION, to. The act of neologizing.— Jef- ferson. NE-OL'0-6lZE, v. i. To introduce or use new terms. NE-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. vtos and Xoyos.] 1. The introduction of a new word, or of new words ; [disused.] 2. Ration- alistic views in theology subversive of revealed truth. The term is applied especially to the new philosophical theology of the Germans : [this is now the prevailing sense.] NE-O-No'MI-AN, n. [Gr. veoi and vojxuq.] One who advo- cates new laws, or desires God's law to be altered. Ne'0-PH?TE, n. [Gr. veos and vrov.] 1. A new convert or proselyte. 2. One admitted to the Christian Church by baptism. 3. A novice ; one newly admitted to the or- der of priest, or into a monastery. 4. A tyro ; a beginner in learning. NE-O-TERTG, \a. [Gr. vcwtePckos.] New; recent in NE-O-TERTG-AL, 5 origin ; modern. NE-O-TERTC, n. One of modern times.— Burton. NEP, n. A plant, catmint or catnip. NE-PENTHE, n. [Gr. vrjuevdn?-] A drug or medicine that relieves pain, and exhilarates.— Milton. [Little used.] NE-PEN'TH£S, n. A genus of remarkable Asiatic plants, having a kind of cylindrical urn connected with the leaf, usually filled with sweet and limpid water, and closed with a sort of lid ; also called pitcher-plants. NEPH'E-LIN, In. [Gr. vtij>e\n.] A mineral occurring at NEPH'E-LlNE, 5 Vesuvius, in six-sided prisms, nearly transparent ; also found in translucent and nearly opaque masses, grayish, greenish, and reddish, of a greasy luster. This last variety is called elaolite. — Dana. NEPH'EW (nef 'u), n. [Fr. neveu ; L. nepos.] 1. The son of a brother or sister. 2. A grandson ; also, a descendant ; [little used.] English authorities pronounce this neifu. NE-PHRAL'Gl-A, ) n. [Gr. ve whole earth was once covered with water, or, rather, that the substances of the globe were formed from aqueous solution. NE QUID Ni'MIS. [L.] Not too much ; let all excess be avoided. Ne'RE-ID, n. [Gr. vnprnaeS.] In mythology, a sea-nymph; one of the daughters of Nereus, a marine deity. NER'iTE, to. A mollusk of the genus nerita, having a uni- valvular_ shell. tNERTT-lTE, to. A petrified shell of the genus nerita. NER'O-Ll, to. In perfumery, the essential oil of orange flowers. NERVE (neiw), to. [L. nervus; Fr. ncrf] 1. An organ of sensation and motion in animals. 2. Strength ; firmness of body. 3. Fortitude ; firmness of mind ; courage. 4. Strength ; force ; authority. — 5. In botany, a name given to parallel vessels or fibres extending from the base to the apex of a leaf. Pope has used nerve for sinew or tendon. NERVE, v. t. To give strength or vigor ; to arm with force. NERVE'-SHaK-EN, a. 1. Affected by a shaking.— Sccjt}, 2. Shocked ; overcome or oppressed by some violent influ- ence, impression, or sensation. NE LIVED, pp. 1. Armed with strength. — 2. a. In botany, having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from the base to the tip. NERVELESS (nervles), a. Destitute of strength, weak. NERVINE, a. [Low L. nervinus.] That has the quality ol acting upon the nerves. NERVINE, n. A medicine that operates upon the nerves. NERVOUS, a. [L. nervosus.] 1. Strong ; vigorous, as an arm. 2. Pertaining to the nerves; seated in or 'affecting the nerves, as weakness or disease. 3. Having the nerves affected ; hence, easily agitated ; [a colloquial use of tin word.] 4. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind , char- acterized by strength in sentiment or style, as a writer NERV'oSe' \ a ' ^ nootan y- See Nerved, No. 2. NERV'OUS-LY, adv. 1. With strength or vigor.— Warton. 2. With weakness or agitation of the nerves ; [colloquial.] NERV'OUS-NESS, to. 1. Strength; force, vigor.— Warton,. 2. The state of being composed of nerves. — Goldsmith. 3. Weakness or agitation of the nerves ; [colloquial.] NER'VURE, to. [Fr.] A name given, in botany, to the veins of leaves, and, in entomology, to the corneous divisions in the wings of insects. — Brande. NERVY, a. Strong ; vigorous. — Sliak. NES'CIENCE (nesh'ens), to. [L. nesciens.] Want of knowl- edge ; ignorance. — Bp. Hall. tNESH, a. [Sax. nesc] Soft; tender; nice. — Chaucer. NESS, a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from the root of nose, which see. NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. TOesse, nysse,] de- notes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness. NEST, to. [Sax., Ger., D. nest.] 1. The place or bed formed or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her young until they are able to fly. 2. Any place where ir- rational animals are produced. 3. An abode ; a place of residence ; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection it- self; [usually in an ill sense ; as, a nest of thieves.] 4. A warm, close place of abode; [generally, in contempt.] 5. A number of" boxes, cases, or the like, inserted in each other. — 6. In geology, an aggregate mass of any ore oi mineral in an isolated state within a rock. — Dana. NEST, v. i. To build and occupy a nest. — Howell. NEST-EGG, n. An egg left in the nest, to prevent the hen from forsaking it. — Hudibras. NES'TLE (nes'l), v. i. 1. To settle ; to harbor; to lie close and snug, as a bird in her nest. — U Estrange. 2. To move about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her nest. NESTLE (nes'l), v. t. 1. To house, as in a nest. — Donne. 2. To cherish, as a bird her young. — Chapman. NES'TLE D, pp. Housed, as in a nest; snugged closely. NP1STLING (nesling), ppr. Lying close and snug. NESTLING, to. 1. A young bird in the nest, or just takea from the nest. 2. A nest. — Bacon ; [obs.] NESTLING, a. Newly hatched ; being yet in the nest NES-To'RI-AN, to. 1. An adherent of Nestorius, patriarch of Constantinople, in the fifth century, who was deposed and condemned as a heretic for maintaining that the two natures in Christ were not so blended and confounded as to be undistinguishable. 2. The term is also applied to those modern Christians of Persia and India who are the remains of the Nestorian sect. NET, to. [Sax. net, nyt ; D., Dan. net.] 1. An instrument for catching fish and birds, or wild beasts, formed with twine or thread interwoven with meshes. 2. A cunning device ; a snare. 3. Inextricable difficulty. — Job, xviii. 4. Severe afflictions. — Job, xix. NET, v. t. To make into a net or net-work. — Seward. NET, a. [Fr.net; It.netto.] 1. Neat; pure; unadulterated, as wines. — Brande. 2. Being without flaw or spot ; [rare.] 3. Being beyond all charges or outlay, as gain. 4. Being clear of all tare and tret, or all deductions ; neat ; as, net weight. It is sometimes written nett, but improperly. NET, v. t. To produce clear profit. NET'-W6RK (-wurk), to. A complication of threads, twine, or cords united at certain distances, forming meshes, in- terstices, or open spaces between the knots' or intersec- tions ; reticulated or decussated work. NETH'ER, a. [Sax. neother ; Ger. nieder; D., Dan. neder.] 1. Lower ; lying or being beneath or in the lower part ; opposed to tipper. 2. In a lower place. 3. Belonging tc. the regions below. NETH'ER-MoST, a. Lowest ; as, the neiliermost hell. NETH'IN-IM, to. pi. Among the Jews, the servants of the priests and Levites employed about the Temple ; errone- ously written Nethinims. NETTED, pp. or a. Made into a net or net-work; retica lated. NET'TING, to. 1. A piece of net-work. 2. Net-work of rope or small lines, used for stowing away sails or ham- mocks. — JR. H. Dana, Jr. NETTLE (netl), to. [Saxon netl, netele.] A plant whose prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensa- tions. NETTLE, v. t. To fret or sting ; to irritate or vex ; to ex - D6VE-— BULL. UNITE;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K; 6 as J; S as Z; CH aa SH; TH as in this. fObfcnete. NEU 672 NEW cite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amount- ing to wrath or violent anger. NETTLE-RASH, n. An eruption upon the skin, much re- sembling the sting of a nettle. — Brande. NETTLE-TREE, n. A tree nearly allied to the elm. NETTLED, pp. Fretted; irritated. NETTLER, re. One who provokes, stings, or irritates. NETTLI-NG, ppr. Irritating; vexing. NEU-RAL'dIA, In. [Gr. vevpov and a\yoS.] An idiopathic NEU-RAI/6Y, 5 P am of a nerve of common sensation, i. c, a pain not preceded or occasioned by any other dis- ease. — Tully. NEU-RAL'6I€, a. Pertaining to neuralgia. NEU-RO-L06TG-AL, a. Pertaining to neurology, or to a de- scription of the nerves of animals. NEU-ROI/0-6IST, n. One who describes the nerves of animals. NEU-ROL'O-rtY, n. [Gr. vevpov and \oyo$.] A description of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the nerves. NEU-ROP'TER, n., \ [Gr. vevpov and itrepov.] An order NEU-ROP'TER-A, n. pi. } of insects having four transpar- ent membranous wings, furnished with many nerves, which form a minute net-work. NEU-ROP'TER-AL, \ a. Belonging to the order of the NEU-ROPTER-OUS, J neuroptera. NEU'RO-SPAST, n. [Gr. vevpoiTmaTsu.) A puppet. NEU-ROT'IG, a. [Gr. vevpov.] 1. Relating to the nerves ; seated in the nerves ; .as, a neurotic disease. 2. Useful in disorders of the nerves. NEU-ROT'IG, n. 1. A disease having its seat in the nerves. 2. A medicine useful in disorders of the nerves.— Encyc. NEU-RO-TOM'IG-AL, a. Pertaining to the anatomy or dis- section of nerves. NEU-ROTO-MIST, n. One who dissects the nerves. NEU-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vevpov and rourj.] 1. The dissec- tion of a nerve. 2. The art or practice of dissecting the nerves. NEU'TER (nu'ter), a. [L.] 1. Not adhering to either party ; taking no part with either side. It may be synonymous with indifferent, or it may not. The United States re- mained neuter during the French Revolution, but very few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the par- ties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and he is then indifferent ; but he may be neuter in fact, when he is not in feeling or principle. — 2. In grammar, of neither gender ; an epithet given to nouns that are neither mas- culine nor feminine. — 3. In botany, having neither stamens nor pistils. NEO'TER, re. 1. A person who takes no part in a contest between two or more individuals or nations. 2. An ani- mal of neither sex, or incapable of propagation. The working-bees have been considered neuters, but are really undeveloped females. Huber. — 3. In botany, a plant hav- ing neither stamens nor pistils. — Neuter verb, in grammar (better intransitive), a verb which expresses an action or j.tate limited to the subject, and which is not followed by tjx object; as, I go. NEu'TRAL, a. [Fr. neutre; L. neutralis.] 1. .Not engaged on either side ; not taking an active part with either of contending parties. 2. Indifferent ; having no bias in fa- vor of either side or party. 3. Indifferent ; neither very good nor bad. — 4. In botany, a proposed English substitute for neuter. Having neither stamens nor pistils.— Neutral salt, in chemistry, a combination of an acid and a base, which is itself neither acid nor alkaline, the acid being exactly neutralized by the base.— Brande. NEu'TRAL, n. A person or nation that takes no part in a contest between others. — R. G. Harper. NEu'TRAL-IST, n. A neutral. [Little used.] NEU-TRAL'I-TY, re. 1. The state of being unengaged in dis- putes or contests between others ; the state of taking no part on either side. 2. A state of indifference in feeling or principle. 3. Indifference in quality; a state neither very good nor evil; [little used.] 4. A combination of neutral powers or states. NEU-TRAL-I-Za'TION, re. l. The act of neutralizing. 2. The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality. NEU'TRAL-lZE, v. t. 1. To render neutral ; to reduce to a state of indifference between different parties or opinions. —2. In chemistry, to destroy, or render inert or imper- ceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining it with a different substance. 3. To destroy the peculiar properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other things, or reduce them to a state of indifference or inactivity. NEf}TRAL-iZ.E D, pp. or a. Reduced to neutrality or indif- ference. NEO'TRAL-IZ-ER, re. That which neutralizes. NEu'TRAL-lZ-ING, ppr. or a. Destroying or rendering in- ert the peculiar properties of a substance ; reducing to indifference or inactivity ; making neutral. NEu'TRAL-LY, adv. Without taking part with either side ; indifferently. NEOTRAL-TINT, n. The tint or purple hue which distant hills assume. NEU-VIINES', n. pi. [Fr. neuf.] In the Roman Catholic Church, prayers offered up for nine successive days. — Brande. NEVER, adv. [Sax. nafre.] 1. Not ever ; not at any time; at no time. 2. It has a particular use in the following sentence, "Which will not hearken to the voice of charm- ers, charming never so wisely," i. e., so wisely as never was done before. — Ps. lviii. 3. In no degree ; not. 4. It is used for not ; as, to answer one never a word ; [rare.'] 5. It is much used in composition; as in reraer-ending, reeuer-failing. NEV'ER-CEAS-ING, a. Having no cessation or pause. NEV'ER-Sa-TED. a. Never satisfied.— Kirby. NEV'ER-TlR-ING, a. Never-enduring weariness. NEV-ER-THE-LESS', adv. [never, the, and less.] Not the less ; that is, in opposition to any thing, or without regard- ing it. — Syn. Notwithstanding ; yet ; however. NEW (nil), a. [Sax. neow ; D. nieu.w ; Ger. neu.] 1. Lately made, invented, produced, or come into being ; that has existed a short time only ; recent in origin ; novel ; op- posed to old. 2. Lately introduced to our knowledge ; not before known ; recently discovered. 3. Modern ; not ancient. 4. Recently produced by change. 5. Not habit- uated ; not familiar ; unaccustomed. 6. Renovated ; re- paired so as to recover the first state. 7. Fresh after any event. 8. Not of ancient extraction or a family of ancient distinction ; as, a new man. — Addison. 9. Not before used ; strange; unknown. 10. Recently commenced; as, the new year. 11. Having passed the change or conjunction with the sun ; [applied to the moon.] 12. Not cleared and cultivated, or lately cleared ; as, new land ; [America.] 13. That has lately appeared for the first time. — Nexo is much used in composition, to qualify other words ; as, in new-born, new-made. t NEW (nu), v. t. To make new. — Gower. NEW-BORN, a. Recently born.— 1 Pet., ii. NEW'-€OIN£D, a. Fresh from the mint ; newly formed. NEW'-€6M'ER, n . One who has lately come. — Irving NEW-FAB'RI-Ga-TED, a. Newly mute.— Burke. NEW-FAN'CLED (nu-fan'sid\ a. Newly fancied. t NEW-FAN"GLE (nu-fang'gl), v. t. To change by introduc ing novelties. — Milton. NEW-FAN"GL.ED (nu-fang'gld), a. [new and /angle.] New- made ; formed with the affectation of novelty. NEW-FAN"GL.ED-NESS, \n. Vain or affected fashion or NEW-FAN"GLE-NE8S, ' S form.— Sidney. NEW-FASH'ION^D (nu-fash'und), a. Made in a new form, or lately come into fashion. NEW-FOUND', a. Newly discovered. NEW-IN-VENTED, a. Newly invented. NEW-MaDE, a. Newly made or formed. — Moore. NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to. NEW-MOD'ELED, pp. or a. Formed after a new model. NEW-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Giving a new form to. NEW-RED-SAND'SToNE, n. In geology, the formation immediately above the coal measures or strata. — Brande. NEW-STYLE. See Style. NEW-TESTA-MENT, n. That portion of the Bible which comprises the writings of the apostles and their imme- diate disciples. NEW- YEAR'S DIY, n. The day on which the new year commences. NEW'-YeAR'S GIFT, n. A present made on the first day of the year. NEW YORK'ER, n. A native or inhabitant of New York. NEW_ ZeA'LAND FLAX, n. A plant, the phormium tenax, having broad, stiff leaves, of extraordinary strength, whose fibres make excellent cordage. — Loudon. NEWEL (nu'el), n. 1. In architecture, the upright post about which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs 2. Novelty. — Spenser; [obs.] NE WING, 7i. Yeast or barm. — Ainsworth. NEWISH, a. Somewhat new ; nearly new. — Bacon. NEWLY (mile), adv. 1. Lately ; freshly ; recently. 2. With a new form, different from the former. 3. In a manner not existing before. NEWNESS (nii'nes), n. 1. Lateness of origin; recent- ness ; state of being lately invented or produced. 2. Nov- elty ; the state of being first known or introduced. 3. In- novation ; recent change. — Shale. 4. Want ef practice or familiarity. 5. Different state or qualities introduced by change or regeneration. NEWS, 7i. [from new ; Fr. nouvelles. This word has a plu- ral form, but is almost always united with a rerb in the singular.] 1. Recent account ; fresh informat.on of some thing that has lately taken place at a distance, or of some thing before unknown. 2. A newspaper. — Syn. Tidings intelligence; advice. NEWS'-BOY, n. A boy who carries and lelivtrs news papers. ' See Synopsis. A, E, 1, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c., short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BIRD — M6VE. BQ0K." NIC 673 NIG NEWS'-MON"GER (nuz'-mung-ger), n. One who deals in news ; one who employs much time in hearing and tell- ing news. NEWS'-VEND-ER, n. A seller of newspapers. NEWS'PI-PER, n. A sheet of paper printed and distrib- uted at short intervals, for conveying intelligence of pass- ing events ; a public print that circulates news, &c. NEWT (niite), n. A small lizard ; an eft. — Encyc. NEW-To'Nl-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or formed or discovered by him. NEW-To'NI-AN. n. A follower of Newton in philosophy. NEX'I-BLE, a. [L. ncxibilis.] That may be knit together. NEXT, a. ; superl. of nigh. [Sax. next, or nexsta, from neh, neah, nigh.] 1. Nearest in place ; that has no object in- tervening between it and some other; immediately pre- ceding, or preceding in order. 2. Nearest in time. 3. Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right, or relation. NEXT, adv. At the time or turn nearest or immediately _succeeding. NlAS, for an eyas, a young hawk.— Ben Jonson. NIB, n. [Sax. neb, n?bb.] 1. The bill or beak of a bird. 2. The point of any thing, particularly of a pen. See Neb. NIBBED (nibd), a. Having a nib or point. NIB'BLE, v. t. 1. To bite by little at a time ; to eat slowly or in small bits. 2. To bite, as a fish does the bait ; to carp at ; just to catch by biting. NIB'BLE, v. i. 1. To bite at ; as, fishes nibble at the bait. 2. To carp at ; to find fault ; to censure little faults. NIB'BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite. NIB'BLER, n. One who bites a little at a time ; a carper. NIB'BLING, ppr. or a. Biting in small bits ; carping. NIB'BLING-LY, adv. In a nibbling manner. NIC-A-RA'GUA-WOOD, n. The wood of the ccesalpina echin-ata, a tree growing in Nicaragua, in Centra] America. Jt is used to dye a bright red. — Brande. NlCE, a. [Sax. nesc, or hnesc] 1. Properly, soft ; whence, tender ; sweet or very pleasant to the taste, as victuals. 2. Minutely elegant; characterized by delicacy or fine- ness, as the texture of muslin. 3. Marked with precision or accuracy, as rules or operations. 4. Requiring scru- pulous exactness; as, a nice point. 5. Perceiving the smallest difference ; distinguishing accurately and minute- ly by perception. 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest faults, errors, or irregularities ; distinguishing and judging with exactness. 7. Manifesting excessive scrupulousness or exactness. 8. Scrupulously and minutely cautious. 9. Having excess of delicacy or squeamishness. 10. Easily injured or impaired, as reputation. 11. Refined. 12. Hav- ing lucky hits ; [obs.] 13. Weak ; foolish ; effeminate ; [obs.] 14. Trivial ; unimportant. — To make nice, to be scrupulous. Shalt. — Syn. Dainty ; delicate ; exquisite ; fine ; accurate ; exact ; correct ; precise ; particular ; scrupulous; punctilious ; fastidious; squeamish; finical; ^fteminate; silly; weak; foolish. NICE'LY, adv. 1. With delicate perception. 2. Accurately ; exactly ; with exact order or proportion. — 3. In colloquial Language, well ; cleverly ; dexterously ; handsomely ; in _the best manner. Nl'CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor. — The Niccne Creed is so called because it was adopted at the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This was the first and most important general council of the Christian Church. It was called particularly to consider the doctrines of Arius, which it formally condemned. — Brande. NlCE'NESS, n. 1. Delicacy of perception ; the quality of perceiving small differences. 2. Extreme delicacy; ex- cess of scrupulousness or exactness. 3. Accuracy ; mi- nute exactness ; precision ; nicety. Nl'CE-TY, n. 1. Niceness ; delicacy of perception. 2. Ex- cess of delicacy ; fastidiousness ; squeamishness. 3. Mi- nute difference. 4. Minuteness of observation or discrim- ination ; precision; accuracy. 5. Delicate management; exactness in treatment. — 6. Niceties, in the plural, delica- cies for food ; dainties. RI'GHAR, 7i. A plant.— Miller. K1CHE, n. [Fr. niche; Sp., Port. nicho.~\ A cavity, hollow, or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament. — Pope. NTCHED (nicht), a. Put in a niche; having a niche. VICK, n. In the northern mythology, an evil spirit of the waters ; hence the modern vulgar phrase, Old Nick, the evi one. NICK, n. [Sw. nick; Dan. nik.] 1. The exact point of time required by necessity or convenience ; the critical time. 2. [Ger. knick, a flaw.] A notch cut into something ; and hence, a score for keeping an account ; a reckoning. 3. A winning throw. WICK, v. t. 1. To hit ; to touch luckily ; to perform by a slight artifice used at the lucky time. 2. To cut in nicks or notches. [See Notch.] 3. To suit, as lattices cut in nicks ; [obs.] 4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice ; to disap- point by some trick or unexpected turn ; [obs.] DO VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, Vi"CIOUS ;— C as K ; G as J ; S Uu NICK, v. t. [Ger. knicken.] To notch or make an incisio in a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher. NICK'-NACKS, n. pi Small wares ; bawbles ; trifles. NICKAR-TR.EE, \ n. A tree of the genus guilandina, grow NICK'ER-TREE, J ing in the East and West Indies, an* producing a small, hard nut ; also called bonduc. NICKED (nikt), pp. 1. Hit ; touched luckily. 2. Notched made an incision in, as in a horse's tail. NICK'EL, n. A metal of a white or reddish-white colov hard, malleable, ductile, and susceptible of magnetism. NICK'EL-IC, a. Pertaining to or containing nickel. NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfer or practice knavery. — Arbuthnot. [A cant word.] NICK'ING, ppr. 1. Hitting; touching luckily; cutting in notches ; making an incision in a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher. NICK'ING, n. In farriery, the operation performed on the tail of a horse, to make him carry it better. — Farm. Encyc NICK'NaME, n. [In Fr. nique is a term of contempt] A name given in contempt, derision, or reproach ; an oppro* brious_appcllation. NICK'NaME, v. t. To give a name of reproach ; to call by an opprobrious appellation. — Shak. NICK'NaME D, pp. Named in derision. NICK'NaM-ING, ppr. Calling by a name, in contempt or derision. NIC-O-Ll^I-TAN, n. A term applied to certain corrupt per sons in the early Church at Ephesus, who are censured in Rev. ii., but of whom little can be known with certain- ty. — Murdoch. NI-Co'TIAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco ; and, as a noun, tobacco ; so called from Nicol, who first intro- duced it into France, A.D. 1560. NIC-O-TIANI-NA, ) n. A concrete or solid oil obtained NI-Co'TIA-NINE, 5 from tobacco, and one of its active principles. It smells like tobacco smoke, and is emi- nently poisonous. NIC'O-TIN, n. An alkaloid of a very acrid taste, obtained from tobacco, and one of its active principles. It is emi- nently poisonous. NICTATE, v. i. [L. nicto.] To wink.— Ray. NIC'Ta-TING, \ ppr. or a. Winking. — Nictitating mem- NIC'TI-TI-TING, 5 brane, a thin, pellucid membrane, by which the process of winking is performed in certain an- imals. NIC-Ta'TION, 7 rp, . f . , . nic-ti-ta'tion. 5 n - The act of wmkm s- f NIDE, n. [L. nidus.] A brood. t NIDG'ET, n. A dastard.— Camden. NID'I-FI-GaTE, v. i. [L. nidijico.] To make a nest. NID-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of building a nest, and the hatching and feeding of young in the nest. t Nl'DING, 7i. [Sax. nithing ; Dan., Sw. niding.] A despi- cable coward ; a dastard. Nl'DOR, n. [L.] Scent; savor.— Bp. Taylor. Nl-DOR-OS'I-TY, 7i. Eructation with the taste of undigest- ed roast meat. — Floyer. NI'DOR-OUS. a. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted meat. — Bacon. NID'U-LANT, a. [L. nidulor.] In botany, nestling ; lying loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp. NID-U-La'TION. 7i. The time of remaining in the nest, as _of a bird. — Brown. Nl'DUS, n. [L.] A nest ; a repository for the eggs of birds, insects, &c. NIECE (nese), n. [Fr. niece.] The daughter of a brother or sister. NI-EL'LO, n. A species of ornamental engraving, used by the Romans and the Italians, resembling damask-work, made by enchasing a black composition, said to have been composed of silver and lead, into cavities in wood and metals. — Elmes.—P. Cyc. t NIF'LE, n. [Norm.] A trifle.— Chaucer. NIGGARD, n. [W. nig ; Ger. knicker.] A miser ; a person meanly close and covetous. NIG'GARD, a. 1. Miserly; meanly covetous ; sordidly par- simonious. — JDrydm. 2. Sparing; wary. — Shak. NIG'GARD, vi t. To stint ; to supply sparingly. [Rare.] t NIG'GARD-lSE, n. Niggardliness.— Spenser. NIG'GARD -ISH, a. Somewhat covetous or niggardly. NIG'GARD -LI-NESS, n. Mean covetousness ; sordid parsi- mony. — Addison. NIG'GARD-LY, a. 1. Meanly avaricious; extremely spar- ing of expense. 2. Wary; cautiously avoiding profusioa. Sidney. — Syn. Covetous ; parsimonious ; sparing ; miser- ly; penurious; sordid. NlG'GARD-LY, adv. Sparingly ; with cautious parsimony. t NIG'GARD-NESS, n. Niggardliness.— Sidney. t NIG'GARD-Y, n Niggardlin ess. t NIG'GLE, v. t. and i. To mock ; to trifle with. — Beaumont and Fletcher. NIG'GLE D, pp. Trifled with. NIG'GLER, n. One who niggles at any handiwork. — Smart Z; CH as SHTtH as" in this, t Obsolete. NIG 674 NIN HIGGLING, ppi Mo Ming. | NTGH (pi), a. [Six. n*ah, neahg, nek, for nig; Ger. nahe.] ' 1. Near; not d stant or remote in place or time. — Prior. 2. Closely aL.kd by blood. 3. Easy to be obtained or learned ; of easy access. 4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid and defend. 5. Close in fellowship ; intimate in relation. 6. Near in progress or condition. Heb., vi. — Syt*. Close; adjacent; contiguous; proximate; present. NIGH (m), adv. 1. Near ; at a small distance in place or time, or in the course of events. 2. Near to a place. 3. Almost; near, f NlGH (nJ), v. i. To approach • to advance or draw near. tNIGH'LY (nlle), adv. Nearly; within a little. NlGH'NESS (nines), n. Nearness; proximity in place time, or degree. NIGHT (mte), n. [Sax. niht; Goth, nahts; D. nagt; Ger. nackt.] 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise. 2. The time after the close of life ; death. — John, ix. 3. A state of ignorance ; intellectual and moral darkness ; heath- enish ignorance. — Rom., xiii. 4. Adversity ; a state of af- fliction and distress. — Is., xxi. 5. Obscurity; a state of concealment from the eye or the mind ; unintelligible- ness. — To-night, in this night. NIGHT-AN"GLING (nite'-ang'ghng), n. The angling for or catching fish in the night. — Encyc. NlGHT'-BiRD, n, A bird that flies only in the night.— Hall. NIGHT-BLOOM-ING, a. Blooming in the night NIGHT-BORN, a. Produced in darkness. NlGHT-BRAWL-ER, n. One who excites brawls or makes _a tumult at night. NlGHT-CAP, n. A cap worn in bed or in undress. NlGHT'-CRoW, n. A fowl that cries in the night— Shah NIGHT-DEW (-du), n. The dew formed in the night NIGHT-DOG, n. A dog that hunts in the night ; used by deer-stealers.— Shak. NlGHT'-DRESS, n. A dress worn at night— Pope. NIGHT-FIR-ING, a. Traveling in the night. NlGHT-FlRE, n. 1. Ignis fatuus ; Will-with-a-wisp ; Jack- with-a-lantern. 2. Fire burning in the night. — Irving. NlGHT-FLY, n. An insect thatflies in the night.— Shah. NlGHT'-FLY-ER, n. An animal or insect that flies in the night. NIGHT-FOUND-ER.ED, a. Lost or distressed in the night —Mihon. NlGHT'-GOWN, n. A loose gown used for undress. NlGHT-HAG (nite'-hag), n. A witch supposed to wander in the night. — Milton. NIGHT-HAWK, n. A well-known bird of the United States, caprimulgus Americanus, allied to the night-jar. It hunts its prey toward evening, and often, diving down perpendicularly, produces a hollow, jarring sound, like _that of a spinning-wheel. NlGHT-HER-ON, n. A wading bird allied to the herons and bitterns. It seeks its food in the evening, when it utters a disagreeable croaking noise. NIGHT'-JaR, n. A British bird, the caprimulgus Europceus, also called goatsucker, distinguished by the wide gape of its beak. It hunts its prey in the dusk, and is remarkable for the loud sound it emits, like the jarring of a spinning- wheeL It is allied to the night-hawk. NlGHT'-MAN, n. One who empties privies in cities by night NlGHT-PlECE (nlte'-pese), n. A piece of painting so col- ored as to be supposed seen by candle-light, f NlGHT-RilL, n. [night, and Sax. regl.] A loose robe or jjannent worn over the dress at night. NiGHT-Ra-VjEN, n. A bird of ill omen that cries in the night ; the night-heron.- Spenser. — Edin. Encyc. NIGHT-REST, n. Rest or repose at night.— Shalt. NlGHT'-ROB-BER, n. One who robs in the night. NlGHT'-RuLE, n. A tumult or frolic in the night.— Shale. NiGHT-SHaDE, n. [Sax. nihtscada.] A name common to _several berry-bearing herbs, mostly poisonous. NlGHT'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining in the night ; luminous in _darkness. — Wilkins. NiGHT-SHRIeK, n. A shriek or outcry in the night. NiGHT-SOIL, n. The contents of necessaries ; so called because collected in cities and carried away as a manure by night NlGHT'-SPELL, n. A charm against accidents at night NlGHT-TRIP-PING, a. Tripping about in the night NlGHT'-VIS-ION (-vizh-un), n. A vision at night NlGHT-WIK-ING, a. Watching in the night NlGHT-WALK (nite'-wawk), n. A walk in the evening or night. - Walton. NIGHT'-VVALK-ER, n. 1. One who walks in his sleep ; a somnambulist. 2. One who rovc3 about in the night for evil purposes. NlGHT-WALK-TNG, a. Roving in the night. NIGHT-WALK-ING, n. 1. Walking in one's sleep ; som- nambulism. 2. A roving in the streets at night with evil designs. NIGHT'-WAN-DER-ER, n. One roving at night. Sfc Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c, short.— FaR FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— M A PJNE, BIRD NIGHT'-WAN-DER-ING. a. Wandering in the nigfet NlGHT'-WAR-BLING, a. Warbling or singing in the night. NIGHT'- WATCH (nite'-wotcb), n. 1. A period in the night, as distinguished "by the change of the watch. 2. A watch _or guard in the night. NlGHT-WATCH-ER, n. One who watches in the night with evil designs. NIGHT'- WITCH, n. A night-hag ; a witch who appears hi the night. NIGHTED, a. Darkened ; clouded ; black.— Shale. \Rarc] NIGHTFALL, n. The close of the day ; evening. NlGHT'IN-GALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale.] 1. A small bird that sings at night, of the genus philomela (motacilla, Linn.) ; Philomela, or Philomel. It is celebrated for its vocal pow- ers. 2. A word of endearment. — Shak. NiGHT'ISH, a. Pertaining to night or attached to the night. NlGHTLESS, a. Having no night. NIGHTLY (nitele), a. 1. Done by night ; happening in the night, or appearing in the night ; nocturnal.. 2. Done ev- ery night. NIGHTLY, adv. 1. By night. 2. Every night. NiGHTMaRE, n. [night, and Sax. mara.] Incubus ; a sen- sation in sleep resembling the pressure of a weight on the breast. NlGHTWARD, a. Approaching toward night Nl-GRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco ] Growing black , chang- ing to a black color ; approaching to blackness. Nl'GRlNE, n. An ore of titanium, found in black grains or rolled pieces. — Ure. Nl'HIL AL'BUM, n. [L. white nothing.] In chemistry, a name formerly given to the flowers or white oxyd of zinc, a woolly-looking white substance formed by the combus- tion of zinc, and so minutely divided as to float in the air. Nl'HIL De'BET. [L. he owes nothing.] A plea denying a debt Nl'HIL Dl'CIT. [L. he says nothing.] In law, a judgment _by nihil dicit, is when the defendant makes no answer. Nl'HIL-ISM, n. Nothingness ; nihility.— Dwight. Nl-HIL'I-TY, ?7, [L. nihilum.] Nothingness ; a state of being nothing. — Watts, NIL DES-PE-RAN'DUM. [L.] Let- there be no despair. The phrase was, originally, nil despcrandum de rcpublica, let there be no despair respecting the commonwealth or stats. t NILL, v. t. [Sax. nillan.] Not to will ; to refuse ; to reject NILL, v. i. To be unwilling. — Shak. NILL, n. The sliming sparks of brass in trying and melting the ore. — Johnson. NI-LOM'E-TER, n. [NaAos, Nile, and Gr. fxejpov.] An in- strument for measuring the rise of water in the Nile dur- ing the flood. Nl-LOTIC, a. Relating to the Nile. t NIM, v. t. [Sax. neman, niman.] To take ; to steal to filch. —Hudibras. NIM'BLE, a. Moving with ease and celerity. — Syn. Agile ; quick ; lively ; swift ; light ; brisk ; expeditious ; speedy ; alert; active; prompt; expert. NIM'BLE-FOOT-ED. a. Running with speed ; light of foot. NIM'BLE-WIT-TED, a. Quick ; ready to speak NIM'BLE-NESS, n. Lightness and agility in motion ; quick- ness ; celerity ; speed ; swiftness. tNIM'BLESS, n. Nimbleness.— Spenser. NIM'BLY, adv. With agility ; with light quick motion. NIM'BUS, n. [L.l 1. A circle or disk of rays of light around the heads of divinities, saints, and sovereigns on medals, pictures, &.c. — Brande. 2. A name given to the rain-cloud. t NI-MI'E-TY, a. [L. 7ii?}iietas.] The state of being too much. t NIM'MER. n. [Sax. niman.] A thief.— Hudibras. NIN'GOM-POOP, n. [a corruption of L. non compos.] A fool ; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [A low word.] NINE, a. [Goth, niun; G. neun.] Denoting the number composed of eight and one. NINE, n. The number composed of eight and one. — Ths. nine, among the English poets, the nine Muses. NINE'-FoLD, a. Nine times repeated. — Milton. NlNE'-HoLES, n. A game in which holes are made in the ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled. — Drayton NINE'-MEN'S-MOR'RIS, n. See Morris. NINE -PENCE, n. A silver coin of the value of nine-pence. NlNE'-PINS, n. A play originally with nine pins or pieces of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing _them down. Ten pins are sometimes used. NlNE'-S-SoRE, a. Noting nine tunes twenty. NlNE'-SCoPcE, n. The number of nine times twenty. NINETEEN, a. [Sax. nigantyne.] Noting the number of nine and ten united. NINETEENTH, a. [Sax. nigantothe.] The ordinal of nine- teen ; designating nineteen. NINETI-ETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. NINETY, a. Nine times ten ; as, ninety years. NIN'NY, n. [Sp. nino.] A fool ; a simpleton. NIN'NY-HAM-MER, n. A simpleton.— Arbuthncx NINTH, a. [Sax. mgetha.] The ordinal of nine ; designating the number nine, the next preceding ter-. NIT 675 NOC NINTH, 7i. 1. A ninth part.— 2. In music, an interval con- taining an octave with a tone or semitone additional. NINTHLY, adv. In the next place. NI-o'BI-UM, n. [from Niobe.] A metal recently discovered in columbite. NIP, v. t. [D. knippen ; Sw. knipa.] 1. To cut, bite, or pinch off the end or nib, or to pinch oft" with the ends of the fingers. 2. To cut off the end of any thing ; to clip, as with the knife or scissors. 3. To blast ; to kill or destroy the end of any thing ; hence, to kill; as, nipped in the bud. Hence, cut off prematurely. 4. To pinch, bite, or affect the extremities of any thing ; hence, to check progress or advance. 5. To check circulation; [unusual] 6. To bite; to vex. — Spenser. 7. To satirize keenly ; to taunt sar- castically. — Hubbard. NIP, n. 1. A seizing or closing in upon ; as. in the northern seas, the nip of the ice. 2. A pinch with the nails or teeth. — Ascham. 3. A small cut, or a cutting off the end. 4. A blast ; a killing of the ends of plants ; destruction by frost. 5. A biting sarcasm ; a taunt 6. [G. nippen.] A sip or small draught NIPP.ED ? NIPT ' c( ni P t )>.£P- Pinched; bit; cropped; blasted. NIP'PER, n. 1. A satirist ; [obs.] 2. A fore-tooth of a horse. The nippers are four. NIP'PER-KIN, n. [Aleman. nap, nappekin.] A small cup. NIPPERS, n. pi. Small pincers. NIP'PING, ppr. or a. Pinching ; pinching off; biting off the end; cropping; clipping; blasting; killing. NIP'PING-LY, adv. With bitter sarcasm. — Johnson. NIP'PLE, n. [Sax. nypele.] 1. A teat; a dug. 2. The orifice at w'hich any animal liquor is separated. — Derham. NIPTLE-W6RT, n. An herb of the genus lapsana, former- ly used as an external application to the breasts of women. I- NIS. [Sax. nis.] Is not.— Spenser. Nl'SAN, n. [Heb. and Chal. -pi;).] A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answering to the end of March and be- ginning of April ; called Abib until the captivity. Nl'Sl PRl'US, n. [L.] In law, the name of certain courts for the trial of causes in the several counties. The writ requires the trial to be held at Westminster on a certain day, nisi prius, unless previously the justices of the bench should meet in the county. Henoe, their courts were called nisi prius courts, and trials before them, trials at nisi prius. Corresponding courts have been created by statute in some of the United States. — Bouvier. NIT, n. [Sax. hnitu.} The egg of a louse or other small in- sect. — Derham. Nl'TEN-CY, n. [L. niteo.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; [little used.] 2. [L. nitor.] Endeavor ; effort ; spring to expand itself; [little used.] Nl'TER, } n. [Fr. nitre ; Sp., It. nitro ; L. nitrum.] A salt ; Nl'TRE, 5 called, also, salt-petre (stone salt), and, in the modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate ofpotassa. NITH'ING, n. [Sax.] A coward ; a dastard ; a poltroon. See Niding. NITID, a. [L. nitidus.] 1. Bright; lustrous; shining.— Boyle. .2. Gay ; spruce ; fine. — Reeve ; [little used.] Nl'TRATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the nitric _acid with a base. — Lavoisier. Ni'TRa-TED, a. Combined with nitric acid. Nl'TRE, n. See Niter. Nl'TRIC, a. Impregnated with nitric acid. — Nitric acid, a compound of oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of five equivalents of oxygen to one"of nitrogen. — Nitric oxyd, a compound of oxygen and nitrogen, in the proportion of _two equivalents of oxygen to one of nitrogen. Nl-TRI-F I-CATION, n. The process of forming niter. NI'TRI-FY, v. t. [niter, and L. facio.] To form into niter. Nl'TRlTE, n. A salt formed by the combination of the ni- trous acid with a base. Nl'TRO-GEN, n. [Gr. virpov and yevvau.] That element which is the basis of nitric acid, and the principal ingredi- ent in atmospheric air. In a pure state, it is a colorless jas, wholly devoid of smell and. taste. Nl-TROG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to nitrogen. Nl-TRO-LEu'CI€, a. Designating a supposed acid obtained from leucine acted on by nitric acid. Nl-TROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. virpov and uerpew.] An instru- ment for ascertaining the quality or value of niter. NZ'TRO-MU-RI-ATI-era. Nitro-muriatic acid is formed by mixing nitric and muriatic (or hydrochloric) acid; for- merly called aqua regia, from its solvent power over gold, the king of the metals. — Branae. CITROUS, a. Pertaining to niter ; partaking of the quali- ties of niter, or resembHng it. — Nitrous acid, a compound of oxygen and nitrogen in the proportion of four equiva- lents of the former to one of the latter. — Nitrous oxyd, sometimes, from its effects on the animal system when in- haled, called exhilarating or laughing gas, a gas composed .£ one equivalent of oxygen and one of nitrogen. tVTRY, a. Nitrous; pertaining to niter ; producing niter. NITTER, n. The horse-bee, mat lays its eggs or nits on horses. — Med. Rep. tNIT'TI-LY, adv. ^Lousily.—Hayward. NITTY, a. Full of nits ; abounding with nits. t Nl'VAL, a. [L. nivalis] Abounding with snow ; snowy. NIV'E-OUS, a. [L. niveus.] Snowy ; resembling snow partaking of the qualities of snow. — Brown. NI-ZAM', n. The title of one of the native sovereigns , f; ? .cturnus.] An office of devotion or re- ligious an v e .>y night. — Sdllingfleet. NOG-TURN Ku, «■ fL. nocturnus.] 1. Pertaining to night. 2. Done or happening at night. "3. Nightly ; done or being every night. tNOQ rURN'AL, n. An instrument formerly used at sea to t ike the altitude of the stars, &c. — Barlow. NO€TURN'AL-LY, adv. In the night; nightly. fNOCU-MENT, n. [L. nocumentum.] Harm. t NOCU-OUS, a. [L. nocuus.] Hurtful. — Bailey. NOCU-OUS-LY, adv. In a hurtful manner ; injuriously. NOD, v. i. [L. nuto.] 1. To incline the head with a quick motion, either forward or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep. 2. To bend or incline with a quick motion. 3. To be drowsy. 4. To make a slight bow; also, to beckon with a nod. NOD, v. t. 1. To incline or bend ; to shake.— Shak. 2. To signify by a nod ; as. to nod approbation. NOD, n. 1. A quick declination of the head. 2. A quick declination or inclination. 3. A quick inclination of the head in drowsiness or sleep. 4. A slight obeisance. — Shak. 5. A command. NcVDa-TED, a. [L. nodatus.] Knotted. — A nodated hyper- bola, in geometry, is a curve having two branches which intersect each other. NO-Dl'TION, n. [L. nodatio.] The act of making a knot, or state of being knotted. [Little used.] NOD'DED, pp. Bent; inclined; signified by a nod. t NOD'DEN, a. Bent ; inclined.— Thomson. NOD'DER, n. One who nods ; a drowsy person. NODDING, ppr. or a. 1. Inclining the head with a short, quick motion ; signifying by a nod. — 2. In botany, a sub- stitute for the term nutant; having the top bent down- ward. NODDLE, n. [qu. L. nodulus.] The head ; [in contempt.] NOD'DY, n. [qu. Gr. vwdrjs.] 1. A simpleton ; a fool. 2. A sea-fowl of the tern kind, found, principally, along the American coasts in warm latitudes. 3. A game at cards. NODE, n. [L. nodus.] 1. Properly, a knot ; a knob -, hence, 2. In surgery, a swelling oi the periosteum, tendons, or bones. — 3. In astronomy, the point where the orbit of a planet intersects the ecliptic. — 4. In poetry, the knot, in- trigue, or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty. — 5. In dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial, used for showing the time or the sun's place. — 6. In botany, the point of a stem from which the leaves arise. Lindley. — Nodes, or nodal points, in music, the fixed points of a sono- rous chord, at which it divides itself, when it vibrates by aliquot parts, and produces the harmonic sounds. NO-D5SE', a. [L. nodosus.] Knotted ; having knots or swelling joints. — Martyn. NO-DOS'I-TY, n. Knottiness.— Brown. NOD'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to or in the form of a nodule or knot. NOD'ULE, n. [L. nodulus.] A rounded mineral mass of irregular shape.— Lyell. NODDLJED, a. Having little knots or lumps. f NO-ETTG, a. [Gr. voetikos.] Intellectual ; transacted by the understanding. NOG, n. [dbbrev. of noggin.] A little pot ; also, ale. — Swift. f NOG'GEN, a. Hard ; rough ; harsh.— King Charles. NOG'GIN, n. A small mug or wooden cup. NOG'GING, n. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks. f NOI'ANCE, n. Annoyance; mischief; inconvenience. t NOIE, for annoy. ~i t NOI'ER, for annoyer. > Tusser. f NOI'OUS, troublesome. > NOISE (noiz), n. [Fr. noise.] 1. Sound of any kind. 2. Loud, importunate, or contimied talk expressive of boast- ing, complaint, or quarreling. 3. Frequent talk ; much public conversation. 4. Music in general ; a concert. — Shale; [obs.] — Syn. Cry; outcry; clamor; din; clatter; tumult; uproar. NOISE (noiz), v. i. To sound loud.— Milton. NOISE (noiz), v. t. 1. To spread by rumor or report. 2. ^ To disturb with noise ; [not authorized.] NOISE'-MaK-ER (noiz'-mak-er), n. One who makes a clamor. — L' Estrange. NOISJED, pp. Spread by report ; much talked of. NOISE'FUL (noiz'ful), a. Loud ; clamorous ; making much noise or talk.— Dry den. NOISE'LESS (noizles), a. Making no noise or bustle ; si- lent NOISE'LESS-LY, adv. Without noise : silently NOISE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of silence. NOIS'I-LY (noiz'e-le), adv. With noise ; with making a noise. NOIS'I-NESS (noiz'e-nes), n. The state of being noisy; loudness of sound ; clamorousness. NOIS'ING (noiz'ing), ppr. Spreading by report. NOI'S&ME (noi'sum), a. [Norm, noisife ; It. nocivo, noioso.] 1. Noxious to health ; hurtful ; mischievous ; unwhole- some ; insalubrious ; destructive. 2. Noxious ; injurious. 3. Offensive to the smell or other senses ; lisgustinj,'; fetid.— Shak. NOI'SOME-LY (noi'sum-le), adv. With a fetid stench , with an infectious steam. NOI'S&ME-NESS n. Offensiveness to the smell ; quality that disgusts. — South. NOISY (noiz'e), a. 1. Making a loud sound. 2. Clamor- ous ; turbulent ; obstreperous. 3. Full of noise. No' LENS VO'LENS. [L.] Unwilling or willing ; whether he will or not. Nd'LI-ME-TAN'&E-RE. [L. ; touch me not] 1. A name of certain plants, particularly of the genus impatiens, from the property of discharging the seeds, when ripe, with some force. — 2. Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a species of herpes. — Coxe. NO-Ll"TION (no-lish'un), n. [L. nolo.] Unwillingness : op« posed to volition. [Little usecL] t NOLL, n. [Sax. hnol, cnoll.] The head ; the noddle. NOL'LE PROS'E-QUI. [L.] In law, a formal stoppage of proceedings in a suit by a plaintiff or attorney for the public. No'MAD, n. [Gr. vouas, vofjiados.] One who leads a wander- ing life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which graze on herbage of spontaneous growth. NO-MADTG, a. [Gr. vopaSiKoS-] Pastoral ; subsisting by the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pas- turage. No'MAD-ISM, n. The state of a nomad. No'MAD-lZE, v. i. To wander with flocks and herds for the sake of finding pasturage ; to subsist by the grazing of herds on herbage of natural growth. — Tooke. No'MAD-lZ-ING, ppr. Leading a pastoral life, and wander- ing or removing from place to place for the sake of find- ing pasture. No'MAN-CY, n. [L. nomen, and Gr. uavreia.] The art of divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form their names. NoM'BLlSS, n. pi. [Fr.] The entrails of a deer. — Johnson. NOM'BRIL, n. [Fr.] The center of an escutcheon. NOM' BE GUERRE' (nom' de gar'). [Fr.] Literally, a name during the war ; a fictitious name, or one assumed for a time. NOME, n. [Gr. vouoS-] 1. A province or tract of country ; an Egyptian government or division. — 2. In the ancient Greek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules. — 3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a term, which see. — 4. [Gr. v£jua>, to eat.] In surgery, a phagedenic ulcer, or species of herpes. *No'MEN-GLI-TOR, n. [L. ; Fr. nomenclateur.] 1. A per- son who calls things or persons by their namesi— 2. In modern usage, a person who gives names to things. female nomenclator. Pertaining or according to a * No'MEN-GLa-TRESS, n. *NO-MEN-€La'TUR-AL, a nomenclature. — Barton. * No'MEN-CLa-TURE, n. [L. nomenclatura.] 1. A list or catalogue of the more usual and important words in a language, with their significations ; a vocabulary or dic- tionary. 2. The names of things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of names or technical terms which are appropriated to any particular branch of science. No'MI-AL, n. [from L. nomen.] In algebra, a term, which see. NOM'IN-AL, a. [L. nominalis.] 1. Titular ; existing in name only. 2. Pertaining to a name or names ; consisting in names. NOM'IN-AL, In. The Nominalists were a sect of phi- NOMTN-AL-IST, 5 losophers in the Middle Ages, who adopt- ed the opinion of Roscelin, that generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, are not p roper - ly designations of things that exist but mere names for the resemblances and evidences of things. — Murdoch. NOM'IN-AL-ISM, n. The principles of the Nominalists. t NOM'IN-AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a noun. NOM'IN-AL-LY, adv. By name or in name only. NOM'IN-aTE, v. t. [L. nomino.] 1. To name;' to mention byname. 2. To call; to entitle; to denominate. — Spenser 3. To name, or designate by name, for an office or place ; to appoint.— 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice, oi appointment ; to propose by name. NOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Named ; mentioned by name ; desig- nated or proposed for an office or for election. NOM'IN-ATE-LY, adv. By name ; particularly. NOM'IN-A-TING, ppr. or a. Naming ; proposing for nn of- fice or for choice by name. NOM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of naming or of nomina- ting ; the act of proposing by name for an office. 2. The power of nominating or appointing to office. 3. The state of being nominated. NOM'IN-A-TiVE, a. Pertaining to the name which precedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns. NOM'IN-A-TIVE, n. In grammar, the fit st cass of names or nouns, and of adjectives which are decUnable. NOM'IN-A-TlVE-LY, adv. As a nominative. See Synojjsis. A. E, I. Sec, long.— a E, 1, &c, short.-— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ,—Mo VF, t QQK. NON 677 NON NOM'IN-A-TwR, n. One who nominates. NOM-IN-EE', i. 1. In late, the pei-son who is named to re- ceive a copyhold estate on surrender of it to the lord ; sometimes called the surrenderee. 2. A person named or designated by another. 3. A person on whose life depends an annuity. NOM'IN-OR. n. He who points out or nominates, as to an office. NO-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. vofios, law, and ypaQw, to write.] A treatise on laws. NOM'O-THETE, n. A law-giver.— Smart. NOM-O-THETIC, \ a. [Gr. vonoderriS.] Legislative ; NOM-O-THETIG-AL, 5 enacting laws. NON, adv. [L.] Not. This word is used in the English language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to words ; as in nore-residence. NON-A-BIL'I-TY, n. A want of ability. — In law, an excep- tion taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is un- able legally to commence a suit. NON-A€-CeDTNG, a. Not acceding. NON-ACID, a. Not having the qualities of an acid. NON-AP-PeAB/ANCE, n. Default of appearance, as in court, to prosecute or defend. NON-AP-POINTMENT, n. Neglect of appointment. NON AS-SUMP' SIT. [L.] The plea of the defendant in an action of assumpsit, that "he did not undertake and promise," &c. — Bouvier. NON-AT-TEND ANCE, n. A failure to attend ; omission of attendance. NON-AT-TEN'TION, n. Inattention.— Swift. NON-BI-Tu'MIN-OUS, a. Containing no bitumen. NON'-GLaIM, n. A failure to make claim within the time limited by law ; omission of claim. — Bailey. NON-€0-He'SION (-he'zhun), n: Want of cohesion. NON-CO-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not coincident. NON-COM-MIS'SIONJED (-mish'und), a. Not having a com- mission. — Non-commissioned officers, in the army, are those below the rank of ensign or cornet, and, in the navy, those below the rank of lieutenant. NON-COM-MITTAL, n. A state of not being committed or pledged ; forbearance of committing one's self. [Amer- ican politics.} NON-COM-MuN'ION, n. Neglect or failure of communion. NON-COM-PLl'ANCE r n. Neglect or failure of compliance. NON-GOM-PLY'lNG, a. Neglecting or refusing to comply. NON -eOM'POS MEN'TIS, > \h.] Not of sound mind ; NON €OM'POS. 5 not having the regular use of reason ; as a noun, an idiot ; a lunatic. NON-CON. See Non-Content. NON-GON-€LuD'ING, a. Not ending or closing.— Baxter. NON-CON-CUR', v. i. To dissent or refuse to concur. NON-CON-CUR'RENCE, n. A refusal to concur.— Ashe. NON-CON-DUCT'ING, a. Not conducting ; not transmit- ting another fluid. NON-CON-DUCTION, n. A non-conducting.— Ure. NON-CON-DUCT'OR, n. A substance which does not con- duct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which transmits it with difficulty. NON-CON-FORM'ING, a. Not joining in the established re- ligion. NON-CON-FORM'IST, n. One who does not conform to an established church ; particularly, in England, one who refused to conform to the established church at the resto- ration of Charles II. NON-CON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Neglect or failure of con- formity. 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an es- tablished church in its rites and mode of worship. NON-CON-Ta'gIOUS, a. Not contagious. NON-CON-Ta'AIOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- ing not communicable from a diseased to a healthy body. NON'-€ON-TENT, n. In the British House of Lords, one who gives a negative vote, as not being satisfied with the measure. The word is sometimes abridged into non-con., and applied to any one who dissents or expresses dissatis- faction. — John Foster. NON-CON-TRIB'U-TJNG, a. Not contributing.— Jefferson. NON-CO-TEM-PO-RX'NE-OUS, a. Not being~cotemporary, or not of cotemporary orisrin. — Journ. of Science. NON-DE-LIV'ER-Y, n. A neglect or failure of delivery. NON-DEP-O-Sl'TION (-zish'un), n. A failure to deposit or , throw down. NON'-DE-SCRIPT, a. [L. non and descriptus.] That has not been described. NON'-DE-SCRIPT, n. Any thing that has not been de- scribed. NON-DE-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A failure of development. NON-DIS-C6VER-Y, n. Want of discovery.— Buckland. NON-E-LECT', n. [L. non and electus.] One who is not elected or chosen to salvation. — Huntington. NON-E-LEGTION, n. Failure of election.— J«f arson. HJON- E-LEGTRIG. a. Conducting the electric fluid. *ON-E-LECTRI€, n. A substance that i3 not an electric, or which transmits the fl uid, as metals. NON-EM-PHATIC, \a. Having no enphasis uneni NON-EM-PHAT'I€-AL, $ phatic.— Beattie. NON-EN'TI-TY, n. 1. Non-existence ; the negation M btf ing. — Bentley. 2. A thing not existing. NON-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. Not episcopal" ; not of the E^V pal Church or denomination. — J. M. Mason. NON-E-PIS-CO-PI'LI-AN, n. One who does not belong to the Episcopal Church or denomination. — J. M. Mas&v. NON-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Non-essentials are things not esbCTi- tial to a particular purpose. — J. M. Mason. NON EST IN-VEN'TUS. [L.] He is not found.— In lata, the sheriff's return to a writ whenthe defendant is not to be found. NON-EX-GOM-Mu'NI-CA-BLE, a. Not liable to excommu- nication. NON-EX-E-€u'TION, n. Neglect of execution ; non-pei- formance. NON-EX IST'ENCE (x as gz), n. 1. Absence of existence; the negation of being. 2. A thing that has no existence. NON-EX-IST'ENT, a. Not having existence.— B. Gi-oiwn. NON-EX-PoR-TI'TION, n. A failure of exportation ; a not exporting goods or commodities. NON-EX-TEN'SILE, a. That can not be stretched. NON-FeA'SANCE, n. In law, a failure to perform. NON-FUL-FILL'MENT, n. Neglect or failure to fulfill. NON-IM-PoR-Ti'TlON, n. Want or failure of importation. NON-IM-PoRT'ING, a. Not bringing from foreign countries. NON-JOIN'BER, n. In law, the omission Of some person who ought to have been made a plaintiff or defendant in a suit— Bo uvier. NON-JuR'ING, a. [L. non and juro.] Not swearing allegi- ance ; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britain that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family and government. NON-Ju'ROR, n. In Great Britain, one who refused to take the oath of allegiance to the government and crown of England at the revolution, when James II. abdicated the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced. NON Ll'QUET. [L.] It is not clear ; a phrase used when a person votes on neither side of a question because un- decided in his mind. NON-MA-LIG'NANT, a. Not malignant ; applied to diseases. NON-MAN-U-FAC'TUR-ING, a. Not carrying on manufac- tures. — Hamilton. NON-MEM'BER, n. Not a member. NON-MEM'BER-SHIP, n. State of not being a member. NON-ME-TAL'LIC, a. Not consisting of metal. NON-NAT'U-RALS, n. pi. [L. non-naturalia,] In medicine, a term applied by the old physicians to certain things which are necessary to life, but form no part of the living body, as air, food, excretions, &c. — Brande. NON-O-Be'DI-ENCE. 7i. Neglect of obedience.— Milner. NON-OBSERVANCE, n. Failure to observe or fulfill. NGN OB-STAN'TE. [L.l Notwithstanding; in opposition to what has been stated or is to be stated or admitted. — A clause in statutes and letters patent, importing a li- cense from the king to do a thing which, being restrained by act of Parliament, can not be done without such license — Encyc. NON-PiY'MENT, n. Neglect of payment.— S. E. Drcight. NON-PER-FORM'ANCE, n. A failure to perform. NON-PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Destitution of weight ; levity NON-PON'DER-OUS, a. Having no weight. NON-PRO-DUC'TICN, n. A failure to produce or exhibit NON-PRO-FES'SION-AL (-fesh'un-), a. Not professional. NON-PRO-Fl'CIEN-CY. n. Failure to make prosress. NON-PRO-Fl"CIENT (-fish'ent), n. -One who has failed to improve or make progress in any study or pursuit. NON PROS, [contraction of L. non prosequitur.] In laio, a judgment entered against the plaintiff in a suit when ho does not appear to prosecute. NON-PROSSED' (-prosf), a. Denoting a suit which is dropped, or not prosecuted. NON-RE-GARD'ANCE, n. Want of due regard. NON-Re'6ENT, n. In the English universities, a term ap- plied to those Masters of Arts whose regency has ceased. — See Regent. NON-REN-Di"TION (-dish'un), n. Neglect of rendition; the not rendering what is due. NON-RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. Unlikeness ; dissimilarity. NON-RES'I-DENCE, n. Failure or neglect of residing at the place where one is stationed, or where official duties require one to reside, or on one's own lands. NON-RES'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a particular place, on one's own estate, or in one's proper place. NON-RES'I-DENT, n. One who does not reside on one's own lands, or in the place where official duties require. — In England, nun-resident is particularly applied to cler- gymen who live away from their cures. NON-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The omission of resistance ; pass- ive obedience ; submission to authority. NON-RE-SIST'ANT, a. Making no resistance to power OT oppression. — Arbuthnot. DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE ,— AN 'GER, VI"CTOUS — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsoUc NON 678 NOR WON- RE $1" VA tfl *> One who maintains that no resist- ance sbou«i be vd^r to the injuries inflicted by others. NON-SiNE, a. [L non and sanus.] Unsound; not perfect. NON-SSNS'I-TWE, a,. Wanting sense or perception. NON 8Ekl'UI-T r TR (-sek'we-tur). [L.] It does not fol- low. — In logic, an inference which does not follow from the premises. _ NON- SLaVE'HoLD-ING, a. Not possessing slaves. NON-SO-Lu'TION, u. Failure of solution or explanation. NON-SOL VEN-CY n. Inability to pay debts. NON-SOLVENT, a. Not able to pay debts ; insolvent. NON-SOLVENT, n. An insolvent. NON-SPXR'ING, a. Sparing none ; all-destroying ; merci- less.— S/wft. NON-SUB-MIS'SION (-mish'un), n. Want of submission. NON-SUB-MIS'SIVE, a. Not submissive. NON-TEN'URE, n. In law, a plea of a defendant that he did not hold the land as affirmed by the plaintiff. — Bouvier. NON'-TERM, n. A vacation between two terms of a court. NON-U'NI-FORM-IST, n. One who believes that past changes in the structure of the earth have proceeded from causes more violent than are now operating. — Am. Eclect. NON-USANCE (non-yuz'ans), n. Neglectf of using. — Brown. NON-US'ER (non-yiiz'er), n. 1. A not using; failure to use ; neglect of official duty. 2. Neglect or omission of use. NON'AdE, 7i. [non and age.] Minority ; the time of life be- fore a person, according to the laws of his country, be- comes of age to manage'his own concerns. NON-A-gEN-a'RI-AN, n. One ninety years old. NON-A-gES'I-MAL. a. and n. [L. nonagesimus.] A term ap- plied to the highest point of the ecliptic above the horizon. NON'A-GON, n. [L. nonus, and Gr. yuvia.] A plain figure having nine sides and nine angles. — Brande. NONCE, n. [corruption of once.] For the nonce, for the once; for the present call or occasion. [ Colloquial.] NON'cHA-LaNCE' (non'sha-lans'), n. [Fr.] Indifference ; carelessness : coolness. NON'cHA-LaNT (non'sha-langO, a. [Fr.] Indifferent; care- less ; cool. * NONE (none or nun), a. [Sax. nan ; ne and ane.] 1. Not one. 2. Not any ; not a part ; not the least portion. 3. It was formerly used before nouns ; as, none assurance. This use is obsolete ; we now use no. 4. It is used as a substitute, the noun being omitted. 5. In the following phrase, it is used for nothing, or no concern. "Israel would none of me," that is, Israel would not listen to me at all. 6. As a substitute, none has a plural signification ; as, "terms of peace were none vouchsafed." — Milton. NONES, n. pi. [L. nonce.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, August, September, November, and December, and the seventh day of March, May, July, and October. The nones were nine days from the ides, reckoning inclusively according to the Roman method. 2. Prayers, formerly so called.— Todd. * NoNE'SUCH, n. [none and such.] 1. An extraordinary thing ; a thing that has not its equal. 2. A name of vari- ous plants, as black medic, a variety of apple, a plant of the genus lychnis. NO-NlLL'ION, n. [L. nonus and million.] According to the English notation, a unit with 54 ciphers annexed ; accord- to the French notation, a unit with 30 ciphers annexed. NON-PA-REIL' (non-pa-rel 7 ), n. [Fr. non and pareil.] 1. Ex- cellence unequaled. — Shak. 2. A sort of apple. 3. A very small sort of printing type, the smallest now used except three, viz., ruby, pearl, and diamond. NON-PA-REIL' (non-pa-rel'), a. Having no equal; peerless. NON'PLUS, n. [L. no?i and plus.] Puzzle ; insuperable dif- ficulty ; a state in which one is unable to proceed. NON'PLUS, v. t. To puzzle ; to confound ; to put to a stand ; to stop by embarrassment. — Dryden. NON'PLUSED (non'plust), pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand. NONSENSE, n. 1. No sense ; words or language which have no meaning, or which convey no just ideas ; absurdi- ty. 2. Trifles ; things of no importance.— Nonsense verses, are lines made solely for improvement in versification, by taking any words which occur, without reference to form- ing any connected sense. NON-SENSTE-AL, a. Unmeaning , absurd ; foolish. NON SENS'I€-AL-LY, adv. Absurdly ; without meaning. NON-SENS'I€-AL-NESS, n. Jargon ; absurdity ; that which conveys no proper ideas. NON'SUCH. See Nonesuch. NON'SuIT, n. In law, the default, neglect, or non-appear- ance of the plaintiff in a suit, when called in court, by which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit. _ NON'SuIT, v. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in court NON'SuIT, a. Nonsuited.— Tyre's Rep. NON'SuIT-ED, pp. Adjudged to have deserted the suit by default of appearance, as a plaintiff. NON'SuIT-ING, ppr. Adjudging to have abandoned the suit by non-appearance or other neglect. NOO'DLE, n. A simpleton. [A vulgar word.] NOOK, n. A corner ; a narrow place formed by an anglo in bodies or between bodies. — Milton. NOON, n. [Sax. non ; D. noen.~\ 1. The middle of the day; the time when the sun is in the meridian ; twelve o'clock. 2. Dryden and others have " noon of night," for midnight NOON, a. Meridional. — Young. NOON'DaY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o'clock in the day. NOON'DaY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; meridional. NOONING, n. Repose at noon ; sometimes, repast at noon. NOON'STE AD, n. The station of the sun at noon. NOONTIDE, n. The time of noon ; mid-day. NOON'TlDE, a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional. *~NOOSE (nooz), n. [Ir. nas.] A running knot, which bind the closer the more it is drawn. — Hudibras. NOOSE (nooz), v. t. To tie in a noose ; to catch in a nooae ; to entrap ; to insnare. NOOSED (noozd), pp. Caught in a noose. NOOTH'S AP-PA-RITUS, n. A series of three glass ves- sels, placed vertically, for the purpose of impregnating water with carbonic acid gas. — Brande. No'PAL, n. A plant of the genus cactus or opuntia, upon which the cochineal insect chiefly breeds. N5PE, n. A provincial name for the bull-finch. — Ed. Encyc. NOR, connective, [ne and or.] 1. A word that denies or renders negative the second or subsequent part of a prop osition, or a proposition following another negative prop- osition ; correlative to neither or not. — 2. Nor sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition has preceded it in the foregoing sentence. 3. In some cases, usually in poetry, neither is omitted, and the negation which it would express is included in nor. 4. Sometimes, in poetry, nor is used for neither, in the first part of the proposition. NORFOLK ERAG, n. In geology, an English tertiary for- mation, consisting of irregular ferruginous sandy clay, mixed with marine shells. — Buchanan. No'RI-UM, n. A metal recently discovered in zircon. NOR'MAL, a. [L. normalis.] 1. According to a square or rule ; perpendicular ; forming a right angle. 2. Regular ; according to an established law, rule, or principle. 3. Re- lating to rudiments or elements ; teaching rudiments or first principles. — Normal group, in geology, is a group of certain rocks taken as a rule or standard.— Lyell. NOR'MAL, n. In geometry, a perpendicular, NOR'MAL SEHOOL, n. An institution for'training up per- sons to teach common schools. NOR'MAN, n. In seamen's language, a short wooden bar to be thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten the cable. NOR'MAN, n. [north-man or nord-man.] A Norwegian, or a native of Normandy. NOR'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans. NORNS, n. pi. In Scandinavian mythology, the three fates, past, present, and future. — Brande. NORROY, n. [north and roy.] The title of the third of the three kings at arms or provincial heralds. NORSE, n. The language of ancient Scandinavia. NORTH, n. [Sax. north ; G., Sw., Dan. nord ; D. noord ; It none ; Fr. nord.] One of the cardinal points, being that point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun in the meridian. NORTH, a. Being in the north ; as, the north polar star NORTH-STAR, n. The north polar star. NORTH- WIND, n The wind that blows from the north — Watts. NORTH-eAST', n. The point between the north and east at an equal distance from each. NORTH-eAST', a. Pertaining to the northeast, or proceed- ing from that point. NORTH-eAST'ER-LY, a. Toward or from the northeast, NORTH-EASTERN, a. Pertaining to, or being in, the north- east or in a direction to the northeast. NORTH'ER-LY, a. Being toward the north. 2. From the north. NORTH'ER-LY, adv. 1. Toward the north. 2. In a north- ern direction. 3. Proceeding from a northern point. NORTHERN, a. 1. Being in the north, or nearer to thai point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction toward the north, or a point near it. — Northern lights, see Aurora Borealis. NORTH'ERN-F.R, n. One a native or resident in the north in the United States, opposed to souther ter. t NORTH'ERN-LY, adv. Toward the rorth.— Hakemll. NORTH'ERN-MoST, a. Situated at the point furthest north. NORTHING, n. Distance northward from any point of departure measured on a meridian. NORTHMAN, n. ; pi. Northmen. A name g= »en 1 1 *he in * See Synopsis. A, E, I, & c, long.—k, % t, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— M> > ft r*-V9U» NOT 679 NOT habitants of the north of Europe, the ancient Scandinavi- ans ; whence Norman. NORTH'WARD, a. [Sax. north and weard.] Being toward the north. NORTH'WARD, adv. Toward the north.— Dryden. NORTHWARD-LY, a. Having a northern direction. NORTH'WARD LY, adv. In a northern direction. NORTH-WEST, n. The point in the horizon between the north and west, and equally distant from each. NORTH- WEST, a. 1. Pertaining to the point between the north and west ; being in the northwest. 2. Proceeding from the northwest. NORTH-WESTER-LY, a. Toward or from the northwest. NORTH-WESTERN, a. Pertaining to or being in the north- west, or in a direction to the northwest. NOR.-WE'Gl-AN, a. Belonging to Norway. Shakspeare has Norweyan. NOR-WE'OI-AN, n. A native of Norway. N5SE, n. [Sax. nose, ncase, nase ; G. na.se.] 1. The promi- nent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consist- ing of two similar cavities called nostrils. 2. The end of any thing, as of a spout or tube. 3. Scent ; sagacity. Col- lier. — To lead by the nose, to lead blindly. — To be led by the nose, to follow another obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or inquiring the reason. — To thrust one's nose into the affairs af others, to meddle officiously in other peo- ple's matters ; to he a busy-body. — To put one's nose out of joint, to alienate the affections from another. N5SE, v. t. 1. To smell ; to scent.— Shak. 2. To face ; to oppose to the face. — Wood. \ N5SE, v. i. To look big ; to bluster.— Shak. NOSE'-BAG, n. A bag to be tied to a horse's nose, contain- ing a feed of oats, maize, &c. NoSE'-BAND, n. That part of the headstall of a bridle which comes over a horse's nose. — Farm. Encyc. NoSE'-BLEED, n. 1. A hemorrhage or Weeding at the nose. 2. A plant of the genus achillea. NOSE'-FISH, n. A fish of the leather-mouthed kind, with a flat, blunt snout ; called, also, broad-snout. NoSE'-SMIRT, n. A plant, nasturtium ; cresses. N5S-ED,_a. 1. Having a nose. 2. Having sagacity. NoSE'GaY, n. [nose, and Celtic gcac.] A bunch of flowers used to regale the sense of smelling ; a bouquet. NOSELESS, a. Destitute of a nose.— Shak. ' No'SING, n. The molding or part of the tread-board of a stair which projects over the riser. NoSETHRIL. See Nostril. NOS'LE (noz'zl), n. A little nose ; the extremity of a thing. See Nozzle. NO-SO-€OM'IG-AL, a. Relating to a hospital. NO-SOG'RA-PHY, n. The science of the description of dis- eases. NOS-O-LOgTC-AL, a. Pertaining to nosology, or a system- atic classification of diseases. NO-SOL'O-GIST, n. One who classifies diseases, arranges them in order, and gives them suitable names. NO-SOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. voaos and Aoyo?.] 1. A systematic arrangement or classification of diseases. 2. That branch of medical science which treats of the classification of dis- NO-SO-PO-ET'IG, a. [Gr. voaos and ttouw.] Producing dis- eases. — Arbuthnot. [Little used.] NOS-TAL'Gl-A, n. [Gr. voarao and oAyoj.] Home-sickness ; a species of melancholy, resulting from absence from one's home or country. NOS-TAL'GIC, a. Pertaining to nostalgia. NOSTRIL, n. [Sax. nosethyrl, nasethyrl.] An aperture or passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration. NOSTRUM, n. [L., from noster.] A medicine, the ingredi- ents of which are kept secret for the purpose of restrict- ing the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor ; a quack medicine. NOT, adv. [Fr. naht or noht ; Ger. nicht ; Scot, nocht.] 1. A word that expresses negation, denial, or refusal. 2. With Hie substantive verb, it sometimes denies being, or denotes extinction of existence. S6'TA BE'NE. [L.] Observe well; take particular no- tice. NoTA-BLE, a. [Fr. notable ; L. notabilis.] 1. Remarkable; worthy of notice ; memorable ; observable : distinguished or noted. — 2. In Scripture, conspicuous ; sightly. 3. No- torious ; well-known. — Matt., xxvii. 4. Terrible. — Acts. ii. 5. Known or apparent. — Acts, iv. tfOT'A-BLE, a. Active; industrious; distinguished for good management ; as, a notable housekeeper. H5TA-BLE, n. 1. A person of note or distinction.— 2. In France, the assembly of the notables, before the revolu- tion, consisted of a number of persons, chiefly of the high- er orders, appointed by the king to constitute a represent- ative body of the kingdom.— Edin. Encyc. NoTA-BLE, n. A thing worthy of observation. — Addison. [Pare .] D6VE";^BULL, UNITE NoTA-BLE- NESS, a. Remarkableness. NOTA-BLE-NESS, n. Bustling ; industriousness. [Sot? No'TA-BLY, adv. 1. Memorably ; remarkably ; eminen ly. 2. With show of consequence or importance. NOT'ArBLY, adv. With bustling activity ; industriously NO-Ta'PJ-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a notary 2. Done oj taken by a notary. NO-TI'Rl-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a notary. No'TA-RY, n. [L. notarius.] 1. Primarily, a person eio ployed to take notes of contracts, trials, and proceeding! in courts among the Romans. — 2. In modern usage, a* officer authorized to protest notes, &c, and attest con tracts or writings of any kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. No'TA-RY PUB'Lie, n. A notary ; one appointed to attest deeds and other instruments ; to protest notjs, certify copies of agreements, &c. — Bouvier. NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. notatio.j 1. The act or practice of recording any thing by marks, figures, or characters ; par- ticularly applied, in mathematics, to the expression of any number or quantity by its appropriate figure or sign. 2. Meaning; signification; [unusual.] NOTCH, n. [qu. G. knicken.] 1. A hollow cut in any thing ; a nick ; an indentation. 2. An opening or narrow passage through a mountain or hill. [United States.] NOTCH, v.t. To cut in small hollows.— Pope. NOTCH'-BoARD, n. In architecture, the notched board which receives the ends of the steps in a stair-case. — Brande. NOTCH'-WEED, n. A plant called orach.— Johnson. NOTCHED (notcht), pp. Cut into small hollows. NOTCHING, ppr. Cutting into small hollows. NOTCHING, n. The act" of cutting into small hollows , also, the small hollow, or hollows cut. f NOTE, for ne wotc, knew not, or could not. — Chaucer. NOTE, n. [L. nota; Fr. note.] 1. A mark or token; some- thing by which a thing may be known; a visible sign or indication. 2. A mark made in a book, indicating some- thing worthy of particular notice. 3. A short remark ; a passage or explanation in the margin of a book. 4. A min ute, memorandum, or short writing intended to assist the memory. 5. Notice ; heed. 6. Reputation ; consequence ; distinction ; as, persons of note. 7. State of being observ ed ; [little used.] — 8. In music, a character which marks a sound, or the sound itself. 9. A sound in music ; tune ; voice ; harmonious or melodious sounds. 10. Abbrevia- tion ; symbol. 11. A short letter ; a billet. 12. Annota- tion ; a comment or observation on an author, usually placed at the bottom of the page. 13. A written or print- ed paper acknowledging a debt, and promising payment. — 14. Notes, pi., a writing; a written discourse; [applied equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or to a discourse fully written.] 15. A diplomatic communi- cation in writing ; an official paper sent from a minister to an envoy or an envoy to a minister. N'oTE, [for ne wote.] Did not know how to ; could not Spenser. N5TE, v. i. [L. noto.] 1. To notice with particular care ; to attend to. 2. To set down in writing. 3. To charge, as with a crime ; [obs.] — To note a bill or draft. This is done by a notary, who, when acceptance is refused, notes tho fact on the back, as the ground of a protest. Brande.— Syn. To observe ; mark ; remark ; regard ; heed ; record -, register, t NoTE, v. t. [Sax. hnitan.] To butt ; to push with tho horns. — Ray. NoTE'-BQOK, n. 1. A book in which memorandums are written. 2. A book in which notes of hand are registered. NoT'ED, pp. I. Set down in writing. 2. Observed ; no- ticed. 3. a. Much known by reputation or report. — Syn. Remarkable ; eminent ; illustrious ; renowned ; celebrat- ed ; distinguished; conspicuous; famous; notorious. N5TED-LY, adv. With observation or notice. — Shak. N5TED-NESS, n. Conspicuousness ; eminence ; celebrity NoTE'LESS, a. Not attracting notice ; not conspicuous. NoTE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being noteless.— Knmoles. NoT'ER, n. One who takes notice ; anannotator. — Gregory NoTE'WoR-THY, a. Worthy of observation or notice. * NOTHING or NOTHING, n. [no and thing.] 1. Not any thing; not any being or existence ; a word that denies the existence of any thing ; non-entity ; opposed to something. 2. Non-existence ; a state of annihilation. 3. Not any thing ; not any particular thing, deed, or event. 4. No other thing; as, nothing but this. 5. No part, portion^ quantity, or degree. 6. No importance ; no value ; no use. 7. No possession of estate ; a low con lition ; as, to grow from nothing. 8. A thing of no proportion to some- thing, or of trifling value or advantage. 9. A trifle ; a thing of no consideration or importance. — To make nothing of, to make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light, or un- important. * NOTHING or NOTHING, adv. In no degree ; not at all — Milton. AN"GER, Vt' CIOUS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this', f Obsolete JNOU 680 NOW NOTH'IH f>-M ^SS e-: N6TH'ING-NESS, n. 1. Nihility ; non- existence. 2 Nothing ; a thing of no value. — Hudibras. KoTlCE, n. \lh: ; L, notitia.] 1. Observation by the eye or by the otner °-^nses. 2. Observation by the mind or in- tellectual powei. 3. Information, by whatever means com- municated ; knowledge given or received. 4. A paper that communicates information. 5. Respectful treatment. 6. Observation ; something said on a particular subject. — Syn. Attention ; regard ; remark ; note ; heed ; consider- ation ; respect ; civility ; intelligence ; advice ; news. NOTICE, v. t. 1. To observe by the senses. 2. To pay at- tention or regard to. 3. To make observations on. — Tooke. — Hamilton. 4. To treat with attention and civilities. 5. To observe intellectually. — Syn. To perceive ; see ; mai'k ; note ; mind ; regard ; heed ; mention ; remark. No'TICE-A-BLE, a. That may be observed ; worthy of ob- servation. — London Quart. Rev. Sd'TlOED (no'tist), pp. Observed ; seen ; remarked ; treat- ed with attention. NoTJC-ING, ppr. Observing ; seeing ; regarding ; remark- ing on ; treating with attention. No-TI-FI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of notifying or giving no- tice ; the act of making known ; particularly, the act of in- forming officially. 2. Notice given in words or writing, or by signs. 3. The writing which communicates informa- tion ; an advertisement, citation, &c. Ni3'TI-Fl£D (-fide), pp. 1. Made known; [applied to things.] 2. Informed by words, writing, or other means ; [applied to persons.] No'TI-FY, v. I. [Fr. notifier ; It. notificare.] 1. To make known; to declare ; to publish: often with to ; as, to noti- fy a fact to a person. 2. To make known by private com- munication ; to give information of. 3. To give notice to ; to inform by words or writing, in person or by message, or by any signs which are understood. — U. S. Journals"of the Senate. Ho'TI-Fy-ING, ppr. Malting known ; giving notice to. NoTING, ppr. Setting down in writing. No'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. notio.] . 1. Conception ; mental ap- prehension of whatever may be known or imagined ; idea. 2. Sentiment ; opinion. 3. Sense ; understanding ; intel- lectual power ; [obs.] 4. Inclination ; [in vulgar use.] K5TION-AL, a. 1. Imaginary ; ideal ; existing in idea only ; visionary; fantastical. — Bentley. 2. Dealing in imaginary things ; whimsical ; fanciful. f No-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Empty, ungrounded opinion. No'TION-AL-LY, adv. In mental apprehension ; in concep- tion ; not in reality. — Norris. No'TION-IST. n. One who holds to an ungrounded opin- ion. — Bishop Hopkins. No-TO-Rl'E-TY, n. [Fr. notoriete.] 1. Exposure to the pub- he knowledge ; the state of being publicly or generally known ; publicity. 2. Public knowledge. NO-To'RI-OUS, a. [It, Sp. notorio ; Fr. notoire.] 1. Public- ly known ; manifest to the world ; evident ; usually, known to disadvantage ; hence almost always used in an ill sense. 2. Known ; [in a good sense.] Shak. — Syn. Distinguish- ed ; remarkable ; conspicuous ; noted ; celebrated ; fa- mous ; renowned. NO-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Publicly ; openly ; in a manner to be known or manifest ; be3 T ond denial. — Swift. NO-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being open or known; beyond denial ; notoriety. f NOTT, a. [Sax. hnot.] Shorn. — Chaucer. tNOTT, v. t. To shear.— Stowe. NO'TUS, n. [L.] The south wind.— Milton. NOTWHeAT, n. [Sax. hnot.] Wheat not bearded. NOT-WITH-STAND'ING, [commonly, but not correctly, classed among conjunctions.] The participle of withstand, with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing ; neverthe- less. It retains, in all cases, its participial signification. This word answers precisely to the Latin non obstante, and both are used with nouns, or with substitutes for nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. NOUGHT (nawt), [see Naught,] which is the proper spelling. tNOUL, n. [Sax. hnol] The top of the head. — Spenser. ^NOULD (nuld), ne would, would not. — Spenser. NOUN, n. [altered from L. nomen.] In grammar, a name ; that sound, or combination of sounds, by which a thing is called, whether material or immaterial. ^NoUR'ICE, n. [Fr. nourrice.] A nurse.— Spenser. NoUPv/ISH (nur'ish), v. t. [Fr. nourrir.] 1. To feed and cause to grow ; to supply with nutriment. 2. To support ; to maintain by feeding.— 3. Figuratively, to supply the means of support and increase; to encourage. 4. To Cherish ; to comfort.— Jar/ies, v. 5. To nurture ; to edu- cate ; to instruct ; to promote growth in attainments. — 1 Tim., iv. NOURISH (nur'ish), v. i. 1. To promote growth. — Bacon. 2. To gain nourishment ; [unusual.] \ N6UR'ISH (nur'ish), n. A nurse. — Shak. N6URTSH-A-BLE (nur'ish-a-bl), a. Susceptible of nourish- ment. — Grew. Fed; supplied with nutriment ; n. The person or thing that NOURISHED (nur'isht), pp. caused to grow. N6UR1SH-ER (nur'ish-er), nourishes. — Milton. N6URISH-ING (nur'ish-ing), ppr. 1. Feeding ; supplyina with aliment ; supporting with food. 2. a. Promoting growth; nutritious. N6UR'ISH-ING-L Y, adv. Nutritiously; so as to nourish. N6URISH-MENT (nur'ish-rnent), n. 1. That which serves to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair the waste of animal bodies ; food ; sustenance ; nutri- ment. 2. Nutrition ; support of animal or vegetable bod- ies. 3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in at- tainments. N6URI-TURE. See Nurture. tNoURS'LE, v. t. To nurse up. — Spenser. N6URSTJNG. See Nursling. NOUS (nowse), n. The Greek word vovs, humorously lsed in England for intellect or talent. — Smart. t NoUS'LE ? (nuz'zl), v. t. [corrupted from nursle.] To n urse t -NoUS'-EL ) up.— Shak. t NoUS'LE, ) v. t. To insnare; to entrap ; as in a noose or tN6US'£L, 5 trap. NO-VAC'U-LlTE, n. [L. novacula.] The stone of which hones are made for sharpening razors ; whet-slate. NO-Va'TIAN, n. In Church history, one of the sect of No- vatianus, whose aim was to deny re-admission into the Church to all who had once lapsed from the faith, even under the trials of persecution. NO-Va'TIAN-ISM, ??. The opinions of the Novatians. NO-VaTION. See Innovation. NO-Va'TOR. See Innovator. NOVEL, a. [L. novellas ; It. novello ; Sp. novel] 1. New ; of recent origin or introduction; not ancient; hence, un- usual; strange. — 2. In the civil law, the novel constitutions are those which are supplemental to the code, and pos- terior in time to the other books. — 3. In the common law, the assize of novel disseizin is an action in which the de- mandant recites a complaint of the disseizin. NOVEL, n. 1. A new or supplemental constitution or de- cree. [See Novel, a., No. 2.] 2. A fictitious tale or nar- rative in prose, intended to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly of love. NOVEL-ISM, n. Innovation. — Bering. [Little used.] NO VEL-IST, n. 1. An innovator ; an assertor of novelty. 2. A writer of a novel or of novels. 3. A waiter of news. —Toiler; [obs.] tNOVEL-lZE, v. i. To innovate. NO VEL-STUD-I.ED (-stud'id), a. Studied in novels. NOVEL-TY, n. 1. Newness ; recentness of origin or intro- duction. — Hooker. 2. A new or strange thing. NO-VEM'BER, n. [L. from novem, nine ; the ninth month, according to the ancient Roman year, beginning in March.] The eleventh month of the year. * No'VEN-A-RY, n. [L. novenarius.] The number nine ; nine collectively. * No'VEN-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the number nine. NO-VEN'NI-AL, a. [L. novem and annus.] Done every ninth year. — Fatter. NO-VER'CAL, a. [L.noverca.] Pertaining to a step-mother; in the manner of a step-mother. NO ViCE (nov'is), n. [Fr. ; L. novitius.] 1. One who is new in any business; one unacquainted or unskilled; one in the rudiments ; a beginner. 2. One who has entered a religious house, as a convent or nunnery, but has not tak- en the vow ; a probationer. 3. One newly planted in the churchy or one newly converted to the Christian faith. NO-VI-Lu'NAR, a. [L. novilunium.] Pertaining to the new moon. NO-VI"TIATE (-vish'ate), n. [Fr. noviciat.] 1. The state or time of learning rudiments. — 2. In religious houses, or con- vents, &c, a year or other time of probation for the trial of a novice. 3. One who is going through a novitiate, or period of probation ; a novice. — Addison. t NO-Vi"TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly-invented. tNOVI-TY, n. [L. novitas.] Newness. — Brown. NO'VUS HO'MO ; pi. No'vi Hom'i-nes. [L.] Among the Ro- mans, a designation of one who had raised himself from ob- scurity to distinction without the aid of family connection'. NOW, adv. [Sax., D., Sw., Dan., Goth, nu.] 1. At the pres- ent time. 2. A little while ago ; very lately. 3. Now — now, alternately ; at one time — at another time ; as, non this, now that. 4. Now sometimes expresses or implies a connection between the subsequent and preceding propo- sition ; often it introduces an inference or an explanation of what precedes. 5. After this; things being so.- 6 In supplication, it appears to be somewhat emphatical. _ 7. Now sometimes refers to a particular time past, speci.ied or understood, and may be defined, at that time ; as he was now sensible of his mistake. — Now a?, d then. 1. At one time and another, indefinitely; occasionally; notoi'en , ft intervals. 2. Applied to places which appear at intervals or in succession. See Synopsis. 1, E. I, &c. 'img.—X t, t &c, shon. -FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD , MoVF. BO^l NUL 681 JNUM NOW. n. The present time or moment. NOW'A-DaYS, adv. In this age.—Garrick. No ^ *^ * ■ I adr [no and way.] In no manner or degree. No WED (noo'ed), a. [Fr. noue.] Knotted ; tied in a knot ; [used in heraldry.] — Encyc. tNoW'EL, n. [Fr.noel] A shout of joy or Christmas song. — Chaucer. tNoWES (nooz), n. [Fr. nou.] The marriage knot. — Cra- shaw. NOWHERE, adv. [no and where.] Not in any place or state. No'WlSE, adv. [no and wise; often, by mistake, written no- ways.] Not in any manner or degree. NOXIOUS (nok'shus), a. [L. noxius^ 1. Productive of in- jury, disease, or corruption. 2. Guilty; criminal; [little used.] 3. Productive of evil consequences. — Syn. Hurt- ful ; harmful ; injurious ; destructive ; pernicious ; mis- chievous ; corrupting ; baneful ; unwholesome ; unfavor- able; insalubrious. NOX'IOUS-LY. adv. Hurtfully: perniciously. NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; the quality that in- jures, impairs, or destroys ; insalubrity. 2. The quality that corrupts or perverts. NOY, ) NOY'ANCE, NOY'FUL f See Anno y an< * Nuisance. NOY'OUS,' NOY'SANCE.J No'YAU (no'yo), n. [Fr.] A cordial flavored with the ker- nel of the bitter almond, or of the peach-stone. — Brande. NOZ'ZLE (nozl), n. [from nose.] The nose ; the extremi- ty of any thing ; the snout NUB'BIN, n. A small or Imperfect ear of maize. [Am.] f NUB'BLE, v. t. [for knubble.] To beat or bruise with the fist. — Ainsworth. NU-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nubifer.] Bringing or producing clouds.— Diet. Nu'BILE, a. [Fr. ; L. unbilis.] Marriageable ; of an age suitable for marriage. Prior. NU-BIL'I-TY, a. The state of being marriageable. — Alex. Walker. NtJ'BIL-OUS, a. [L. nubilus.] Cloudy. NU-CIF^ER-OUS, a. [L. mix and fero.) Bearing nuts. NU-€Le'I-FORM, a. Formed like a nut or kernel. Nu'€LE-US, n. [L.l 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut ; but in usage, the central part of any body, or that about which matter is collected. 2. The body of a comet, called, also, its head. NU-D a'TION, it. [L. nudatio.] The act of stripping or mak- ing bare or naked. NUDE, a. [L. nudus.] 1. Bare.— 2. In law, void ; of no force ; as, a nude contract or compact See Nudum Pac- tum. NU-DI-BRANCH'I-ATE, a. Pertaining to an order of mol- luscous animals, having no shell whatever. NUDdE, v. L To touch gently, as with the elbow, in order to call attention or convevan intimation. — Miss rickering. Nu'DI-TST, n. [L. nuditas.] 1. Nakedness.— 2. Nudities, in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be con- cealed. — 3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery; also, naked figures. NCTDVM PA-GTUM [L.] In law, a contract made with- out a^y consideration, and therefore void, or not valid ac- cording to the laws of the land. — Bouvier. NU-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. nugax.] Futility ; trifling talk or be- havior. — More. NU-Ga'TION, n. [L. nugor.] The act or practice of trifling. — Bacon. [Little used.] NfJ'GA-TO-RY, a. [L. nugatorius.] 1. Trifling; vain; fu- tile ; insignificant. — Bentley. 2. Of no force ; inoperative ; ineffectual. NuI'SANCE, n. [Fr. nuisance.] 1. That which annoys or gives trouble and vexation; that which is offensive or noxious. — 2. In law, that which incommodes or annoys ; something that produces inconvenience or damage. NUL, in law, signifies no. not any ; as, nul disseizin. NULL, v. t. [L. nullus.] To annul; to deprive of validity; to destroy. [Not much used.] See Annul. NULL, a. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or binding force or validity ; of no efficacy ; invalid. \ NULL, n. Something that has no force or meaning. NUL-LI-FI-CI'TION, n. The act of nullifying ; a rendering void and of no effect, or of no lesral effect. NUL-LI-FID'1-AN, a. [L. nullus and Jides.] Of no faith ; of no religion or honesty. — Feltham. HUL'LI-Fl£D (fide;, pp. Made void. KUL'J I-Fl-ER, n. One who makes void ; one who main- tains *;he right to nullify a contract by one of the parties. KTJL ' I-F^, v. t. [L. nullus and f ado.] To annul; to make void , to render invalid ; to deprive of legal force or effi- NUL'LI-PORE, n. [L. nullus, none, and porus, pcre , A kind of marine plant secreting lime on its surface, auc hence resembling coral. It was formerly considered kind of zoophyte. — Dana. NUL'LI-TY, n. [Fr. nullite.] 1. Nothingness ; want of ex istence. 2. Want of legal force ; that which wants lega force. NUL'LI-FY-ING, ppr. or a. Annulling ; making void. NUMB (num), a. [Sax. numen.] 1. Destitute of the powe of sensation and motion. 2. Producing numbness ; be numbing; [obs.] — Syn. Torpid; paralyzed; benumbed; chill; motionless. NUMB (num), v. t. To make torpid ; to deprive of the power of sensation or motion ; to deaden ; to benumb ; to stupefy. NUMBJ2D (numd), pp. Rendered torpid. NUM'BER, n. [Fr. nombre; L. numerus.] 1. A unit con- sidered in reference to other units, or in reckoning, count- ing, enumerating. 2. An assemblage of two or more units. 3. More than one ; many. 4. Multitude. — 5. In poetry, meas- ure ; the order and quantity of syllables constituting feet which render verse musical to the ear. — In prose, there is also an arrangement of words and syllables which consti- tutes number, giving it a remote resemblance to the flow of poetic numbers. 6. Poetry; verse. — 7. In grammar, the difference of termination or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. — Cardinal numbers, in mathematics, are those which express the amount of units; as, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. — Ordinal numbers, are those which express order; as, first, second, third, fourth, &c — Golden num- ber, see Golden. NUM'BER, v. t. [L. numero.] 1. To ascertain the units of any sum, collection, or multitude. 2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude ; as, " he was numbered with the transgressors." Is., liii. — Syn. To count ; enumerate ; cal- culate; tell. NUM'BER.ED, pp. Counted; enumerated. NUM'BER-ER, n. One who numbers. t NUM'BER-FUL, a. Many in number ; numerous. NUM'BER-ING, ppr. Counting ; ascertaining the units of a multitude or collection. NUM'BER-LESS, a. That can not be counted ; countless ; innumerable. — Milton. NUM'BERS, n. The title of the fourth book of the Penta- teuch. NUMBING (num'ming), ppr. or a. Making torpid. NUM'BL£S, n. pi. [Fr. nombles.] The entrails of a deer. NUMB'NESS (num'nes), n. Torpor ; that state of i living body in which it has not the power of feeling. Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That may be num- bered or counted. Nu'MER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis.] 1. Pertaining to num- ber; consisting of number. 2. Expressing number; rep- resenting number ; standing as a substitute for figures ; numerical. 3. Expressing numbers. Nu'MER-AL, n. A figure or character used to express a number ; as, the Arabic numerals, 1, 2, 3, &c. Nu'MER-AL-LY, adv. According to number ; in number. Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certain number. N O'MER-aTE, v. t. In arithmetic, to divide off' and read ac- cording to the rules of numeration. Nu'MER-a-TED, pp. Divided off and read, as figures. Ntj'MER-a-TING, ppr. Dividing off and reaiing, as figures. NU-MER-I'TION, n. [L. numeratio.] 1. The act or art of numbering. — 2. In arithmetic, the act or art of dividing off a series of figures according to their values and expressing them in words. Nfj'MER-A-TOR, n. [L.J I. One who numbers.— 2. In arith- metic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows how many parts of a unit are taken. NU-MER'I€, ? a. [It numerico ; Fr. numerique.] 1. Be- NU-MER'IC-AL, J longing to number ; denoting number ; consisting in numbers. — 2. Numerical difference is a differ- ence in respect to number. Thus, there may be a numer- ical difference between things which, in other respects, are not distinguishable. NU-MER'IC-AL-LY, adv. 1. In numbers. 2. With respect to number or sameness in number. t Nu'MER-IST, n. One who deals in numbers. tNU-MER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being numerous ; har- mony; flow. Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. numerosus.] 1. Being many, or con- sisting of a great number of individuals. 2. Consisting of regular numbers ; melodious ; musical. Nu'MER-OUS-LY, adv. In great numbers. Nu'MER-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being numerous or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number of individuals. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num- bers; melodiousness; musicalness. NU-MIS-MATTC, a. [L. numisma.] Pertaining to money, coin, or medals. NU-MIS-MAT'ICS, n. The science of coins and medals. NU-MIS-MA-TOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in the knowledge of coins and medals. Dt VE -—BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI 'CIOUS— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • cH as SH ; TH as ir. this, t Obsolete. NUT 682 NYM SUVtIS MA f)L'0-(3 /■ n. [Gr. ujntofxa and \oyos.] The branch o' historical science which treats of coins and medals. HUM M t.' ) -AS, a. [L. nummus.] Pertaining to coin or money NUM'MU-1 fTE, n. [L. nummus.] A fossil of a flattened form, resembling a small coin. NUM-MU-I ITIG, a. Composed of or containing nummu- Utes. f NUMPS, n. A dolt ; a blockhead. — Parker. NUM'SKULL, n. [numb and skull.] A dunce; a dolt; a stupid fellow. — Prior. NUM'SKULL^ED, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid ; doltish. NUN, n. [Sax., Dan. nunne ; D. non ; G. nonne ; Sw. nunna ; Fr. nonne.] A woman devoted to a religious life, and who lives in a cloister or nunnery. NUN, n. 1. White nun is a provincial name of the smew, a web-footed water-fowl of the size of a duck, with a white head and neck. 2. The blue titmouse. NUN'CHION, n. A portion of food taken between meals. NUNCIATURE (nun'sha-ture), n. The office of a nuncio. NUN'CIO (nun'sho), n. [It nunzio ; L. nuncius.] 1. An em- bassador from the pope to an emperor or king. His en- voy to small states and republics is called an internuncio. Encyc. Am. — 2. A messenger ; one who brings intelligence. f NUN'CU-PaTE, v. t. [L. nuncupo.] To declare publicly or solemnlv. — Barrow. NUN-GU-Pa'TION, n. A naming.— Chaucer. NUN-€u'PA-TIV-E, \a. [It. nuncupativo ; Fr. nuncupatif.] NUN-€u'PATO-RY, j 1. Nominal ; existing only in name. 2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. 3. Verbal ; not writ- ten. — Nuncupative will, in law, a will orally made by the testator. — Brande. NUN'DI-NAL, 1 a. [L. nundinalis.] 1. Pertaining to a fair NUNTJl-NA-RY, 5 or to a market-day.— 2. A nundinal let- ter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first letters of' the alphabet, which were repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. NUN'DI-NAL, n. A nundinal letter. \ NUN'DI-NaTE, v. i. To buy and sell at fairs. \ NUN-DI-NaTION, n. Traffic in fairs. NUN-Na'TION, n. In Arabic grammar, from the name of N, the pronunciation of n at the end of words. NUN'NE-RY, n. A house in which nuns reside. NUN'NISH-NESS, n. The habits or manners of nuns.— Fox. NUP'TIAL (nup'shal), a. [L. Nuptialis.] 1. Pertaining to mar- riage ; done at a wedding. 2. Constituting marriage. NUPTIALS, n. pi. Marriage, which see.—Dryden. NURSE (nurs), n. [Fr. nourrice.] 1. A woman that has the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the children of others. 2. A woman who suckles infants. 3. A woman who has the care of a sick person. 4. A man who has the care of the sick. 5. A person who breeds, educates, or protects ; hence, that which breeds, brings up, or causes to grow. 6. An old woman ; [in contempt.] 7. The state of being nursed. -8. In composition, that which supplies food. — 9. In horticulture, a shrub or tree which protects a young plant.— Gardner. NURSE (nurs), v. t. 1. To tend, as infants. 2. To suckle ; to nourish at the breast 3. To attend and take care of in child-bed. 4. To tend the sick. 5. To feed ; to maintain ; to bring up. — 7s., lx. 6. To cherish ; to foster ; to encour- age ; to promote growth in. 7. To manage with care and economy, with a view to increase. NURSjBD (nurst), pp. Tended in infancy or sickness ; nour- ished from the breast ; maintained ; cherished. NURS'ER, n. One who cherishes or encourages growth. NURS'ER-Y, n. 1. The place or apartment in a house ap- propriated to the care of children. 2. A plantation of young trees. 3. The place where any thing is fostered and the growth promoted. 4. That which forms and ed- ucates._ 5. The act of nursing ; [little used.] 6. That which is the object of a nurse's care. — Milton. NURSING, ppr. Tending ; nourishing at the breast ; edu- cating; maintaining. NURSLING, n. 1. An infant ; a child. 2. One who is nursed. VURTURE, n. [Fr. nourriture.] 1. That which nourishes ; food ; diet. 2. That which promotes growth ; education ; instruction. KURTURE, v. t. 1. To feed; to nourish. 2. To educate ; to bring or train up. — Wotton. NURTURED, pp. Nourished ; educated ; trained up. NUSTLE (nusl), v. t. To fondlo ; to cherish.— Ainsioorth. NUT, n. [Sax. hnut.] 1. The fruit of certain trees and shrubs, consisting, of a hard shell inclosing a kernel. 2. A Email block of metal or wood containing a concave or fe- male screw ; call also, a burr. 3. The projection near the eye of an anchor. NUT, v. i To gather nuts.— Wood. NUT'-BREiK-ER, n. The European nut-hatch. See Nut- hatch. NUT-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. NUT-CRACK-ER, n. 1. An instrument lor cracking r,,its 2. A European bird of the crow family, which feeds on nuts, insects, &c. NUT-GALL, n. An excrescence of me oak. See Galz,. NUT-HATCH, n. The common name of birds of the genus sitta, somewhat allied in their habits to the woodpeckers, and living on nuts, insects, &c. NUT-HOOK, n. A pole with a hook at the end to pul! down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given to a thief who stole goods from a window by means of a hook. — Shalt. NUT-PECK^ \ n - The European nut-hatch. NUT-SHELL, n. 1. The hard shell of a nut ; the covering of the kernel. 2. A thing of little compass or of little value. NUT-TREE, n. A tree that bears nuts. Nu'TANT, a. [L. nutans.] Nodding ; having the top bent downward. NU-Ta'TION, n. [L. nutatio.] In astronomy, a vibratory motion of the earth's axis, arising from periodical fluctua- tions in the obliquity of the ecliptic. — Olmsted. NUTMEG, n. [L. nux moschata.] The aromatic kernel of the fruit of the myristica moschata, a tree growing princi- pally in the islands of Banda, in the East Indies. Nu'TRI-A, n. [Sp. nutria, otter.] In commerce, the name given to the skins of the myopotamus bonar/cnsis, a native of South America, resembling the beaver, but smaller.— Nutria fur is largely used in the hat manufacture. MCulloch. t NU-TRI-CITION, n. Manner of feeding or being fed. Nu'TRI-ENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing ; promoting growth. Nu'TRI-ENT, n. Any substance which nourishes by pro- moting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies. — DarvAn. Nu'TRI-MENT, n. [L. nutrimentum.] 1. That which nour- ishes; food; aliment. 2. That which promotes enlarge- ment or improvement. NU-TRI-MENTAL, a. Having the qualities of food ; alV mental. NUTRI'TION (-trish'un), n. [L. nutritio.] 1. The act or process of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies ; the act or process of promoting growth in vegetables. 2. That which nourishes ; nutriment. NUTRI'TIOUS (-trish'us), a. Nourishing ; promoting the growth or repairing the waste of animal bodies. NUTRi"TIOUS-LY, adv. In a nutritious manner. NUTRITIVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing ; nutri- mental ; alimental. NuTRITI VE-LY, adv. So as to nourish ; nutritiously. NuTPT -TIVE-NESS, } n ' The qudity ° f nourishin g- NUTTALL-lTE, n. ' [from Prof. Nuttall] A mineral oc- curring at Bolton, Massachusetts, in prismatic crystal*) ; supposed by some to be identical with scapolite. — Dana. NUTTING, n. The act of gathering nuts. NUTTING, ppr. or a. Gathering nuts. NUX VOM'I-CA, n. [L.] The fruit of a tree of the genus strychnos, growing in the East Indies. It is a very virulent poison. NUZ'ZLE, v. t. To suckle ; to foster or nurse up. [ Vulgar.) NUZ'ZLE, v. i. [qu. from nose or noursle.] To hide the head, as a child in the mother's bosom. — Bailey. NUZ'ZLE, v. t. To nestle ; to house, as in a nest. NUZ'ZLE, v. i. [from nose.] 1. To work with the nose like a swine in mud, &c. 2. To go with the nose thrust out said down like a swine. — Pope. NY€-TA-Lo'PI-A, ) n. [Gr. vvKTa\b>iria.] A disease in which NYCTA-Lo-PY, > vision is painfully acute in a strong light, but clear and pleasant in a dark shade or in the dusk of the evening. — Good. NYCTA-LOPS, n. [Gr. wicraXwip.] One afflicted with nyc- talopia. NfE, n. A brood or flock of pheasants. NYL'GHAU, ) n. A ruminant mammal of the caprid tribe, NYL'GAU, > about the size of a stag, inhabiting North NEEL'GHAU, } ern India. The horns of the male are short, and bent forward. NYMPH (nimf), n. [L. nympha ; Gr. vvurayton. NYMPH-O-Ma'NI-A, n. Morbid and incontroll; h-e sexuaj desire in females, breaking the bounds of modes'., demean* See Synopsis. I, E, I, &c, long.— I, E, I, &c . short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— Mi) VE. BOOK, OBB 683 OBK or , a true and proper disease, which is no more under the control of the will than tetanus. NTS. [ne and is.} None is ; is not. — Spenser. NYS-TAG'MUS, n. [Gr. warayuos.] A winking of the eyes, as observed in a drowsy person.— Brande. O. Ois the fifteenth letter, and the fourtn rowel, in the En- glish alphabet. It has a long sound, as in tone, hone, roll, droll ; a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod ; and the sound of oo, or the Italian u, and French on, as in move, prove. This sound is shortened in words ending in a close artic- ulation, as in book, foot. As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, and, with a dash over it, 0, for 11,000. Among the Irish, O, prefixed to the name of a family, denotes progeny, or is a character of dignity ; as, O'Neil. O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish ; as, O, were he present — Dryden. O. S. stands for old style. OAD, for Woad. [Not used.] OAF (6fe), n. [said to be a corruption of ouph.] 1. A change- ling ; a foolish child left by fairies in the place of another. 2. A dolt ; an idiot ; a blockhead. OAFISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. [Little used.] OAFISH-NEBS, n. Stupidity ; dullness ; folly. [Rare.] 6AK (oke), n. [Sax. ac,

, to eat.] Eating or subsisting on plants. PHY-TO-Zo'ON, 7i., ) [Gr. <[>vtov, a plant, and Cwov, an ani- PHY-TO-Zo'A, n. pi. \ mal.J Terms applied to zoophytes ; also to certain minute animalcules living in the tissues of jplants.— Dana. Pi, n. A term applied by printers to types when confused- ly mixed or unsorted. PI-A'BA, n. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil. t Pl'A-CLE, 7i. [L. piaculum.] An enormous crime. Pl-AC'U-LAR, ) a. [L. piacularis.] 1. Expiatory ; having Pl-AC'U-LOUS, 5 power to atone. 2. Requiring expiation. 3. Criminal : atrociously bad. [Rare words.] Pi' A Ma'TER. [L.] In anatomy, a thin membrane imme- diately investing the brain. — Coxe. *I'A-NET, n. [L. pica or picas.]. 1. The magpie. 2. The lesser woodpecker. — Bailey ; [obs.] P'f-A-NIS' SI-MO. In music, very soft "I-A'NIST. n. A performer on the piano-forte. P'i-A'NO. In music, soft. PI- A NO-FoRTE, n. [It. piano and forte.] A keyed music- al instrument, of German origin, and of the harpsichord kind; so called from its softer notes or expressions. Of all the keyed instruments, it seems to deserve the prefer- ence, on account of its superior tone, sweetness, and va- riety. PI-ASTER, 7i. [It piasira.] An Italian coin, of about 8» cents value, or 3s. Id. sterling The Spanish piaster is fb> same as the Spanish or American dollar. The Turkish piaster, formerly worth 25 cents, is now worth only abouJ 8_ cents. t Pl-A'TION, 7i. [L. piatio.] Expiation ; the act of atoning or purging by sacrifice. PI-AZ'ZA, n. [It, for piazza ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A portico or covered walk supported by arches or columns. — 2. In Italian, it denotes a square, open space, surrounded by buildings. — Gwilt. PIB'-€ORN, n. [W., pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a win Jnstrument or pipe with a horn at each end. Pl'BROGH, n. [Gael, piobaireachd.] A wild, irregular spe- cies of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It ia performed on a bagpipe. Pl'CA, n. 1. In ornithology, the pie or magpie. — 2. In medi- cine, a vitiated appetite. 3. A printing-type of two sizes, small and large pica, the former of which is next in size above long-primer. — 4. Pica, pye, or pie, formerly an ordi- nary, a table or directory for devotional services ; also, aa alphabetical catalogue of names and things in rolls and records. Pl'CA MA-Rii'NA, n. The sea-pye, or oyster-catcher; a grallatory aquatic fowl, living on oysters, &c. PICA-MAR., n. [L. pix and amara.] The bitter principle of pitch, an oil-like, transparent fluid. PIC-A-ROON', n. [Fv. picoreur.] A plunderer; a pirate. PIC-A-YuNE', n. A small coin, of the value of 6^ cents. high collar, or a kind of ruff. — WiU PI€'€A-DIL, ) . , PIC'GA-DIL-LY, \ n ' *' PICK'AR-DIL, ) son - PIC'CAgE, n. [Norm, pecker.] Money paid at fairs for breaking ground for booths. PI€K, v. t. "[Sax. pycan ; D. p'ikken ; Ger. picken ; Dan. pik- ker ; Sw. picka.] 1 . To pull off or pluck with the fingers something that grows or adheres to another thing ; to sep- arate by the hand, as flowers or fruit. 2. To pull oft" or separate with the teeth, beak, or claws. 3. To clean by the teeth, fingers, or claws, or by a small instrument by separating something that adheres. 4. To take up ; to cause or seek industriously, as a quarrel. 5. To separate or pull asunder ; to pull into small parcels by the fingers ; to separate locks for loosening and cleaning, as wool. 6. To pierce ; to strike with a pointed instrument. — Bacon. 7. To strike with the bill or beak ; to puncture ; [see Peck.] 8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands ; as, to pick one's pocket. 9. To open by a pointed instrument as a lock. 10. To select ; to cull ; to choose ; to separate particular things from others. 11. To pitch or cast. — Shak. ; [obs.] — To pick cut, to select. — To pick up, to take up ; to gather ; to glean. — To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault. PICK, v. i. 1. To eat slowly or by morsels ; to nibble. 2. To do any thing nicely, or by attending to small thing3. PICK, n. [Fr. pique ; D. pik.] 1. A sharp-pointed tool for digging or removing in small quantities. 2. Choice ; right of selection. — 3. Among printers, foul matter which collects on printing-types. PICK'A-PACK* adv. In the manner of a pack. [Vulgar.] PICK'AX, n. [pick and ax.] An ax with a sharp point at one end and a broad blade at the other. — Milton. PICK/BACK, a. On the back.— Hudibras. PICK.ED (pikt), pp. or a. Plucked ofi' by the fingers, teeth. or claws ; cleaned by picking ; opened by an instrument; selected. PICK'ED, ) a. 1. Pointed ; sharp.— Mortimer. 2. In old au- PIK'ED, 3 thors, sprucely or foppishly dressed ; [obs.] PICK'ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being pointed at the end , sharpness. 2. Foppeiy ; spruceness. PICK-EER', v t. [Fr. picorer.] 1. To pillage ; to pirate. 2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, jx ic pillaging parties. PICK'ER, n. 1. One who picks or culls. 2. A pickax or instrument for picking or separating. — Mortimer. 3. One who excites a quarrel between himself and another. PI€K'ER-EL, n. [from pike.] A name somewhat loosely applied to several species of fresh-water fish belonging to the pike family. P1€K'ER-EL-WEED, n. A water plant ; so called because it was supposed to generate pickerel. — Ash. PI€K'ER-Y, n. Petty theft— Walter Scott. PICK'ET, n. [Fr. piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed. 2. A narrow board pointed, used in making fence. 3. A guard posted in front of an army, to give notice of the ap- proach of the enemy. — Marshall. 4. A game at cards : [see Piquet.] 5. A punishment which consists in making the offender stand with one foot on a pointed stake. PICK'ET, v. t. 1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To inclose or fence with narrow, pointed boards. 3. To fas- ten to a picket or stake stuck in the ground, as a horsa — Moore. 4. To torture by compelling to sta/>d with one foot on a pointed stake. D6VE;-ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"C10US ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. PID 742 PIE PltH ET It A RD, w. In an army, a guard of horse and foot alwa)s in readiness in case of alarm. P T €K'ET EI) pp Fortified or inclosed with pickets. PIGK'ET-ING, r. A kind of torture by forcing a person to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. PIGK'ET-ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with pickets. PIGKTNG, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth ; se- lecting. PIGK'ING, n. The act of plucking ; selection ; gathering ; gleaning. PIGK'LE (pikl), n. [D. pekel] 1. Brine ; a solution of salt and water, or simply vinegar, sometimes impregnated with spices, in which flesh, fish, or other substance is pre- served. 2. A vegetable or fruit preserved in pickle. 3. A state or condition of difficulty or disorder ; [in contempt and ridicule.] 4. A parcel of land inclosed with a hedge ; f local.] PI€K'LE, v. t. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle. 2. To season in pickle. 3. To imbue highly with any thing bad. PIGK'LE-HER'RING, n. A merry-andrew ; a zany ; a buf- foon. — Spectator. PICK/LED, pp. or a. Preserved in brine or pickle. PIGK'LING, ppr. Seasoning in pickle. PIGK'LING, n. The preservation of vegetables or meats in vinegar or brine. — Gardner. PIGK'LOGK, n. 1. An instrument for opening locks with- out the key. — Arbuthnot. 2. A person who picks locks. PIGK'NIGK. See Picnic. PI€K'PO€K-ET, n. One who steals from the pocket of an- other. — Arbuthnot. PIGK'PURSE, n. One who steals from the purse of an- other. — Swift. PIGK'THANK, n. An officious fellow, who does what he is not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor ; a whis- pering parasite. — South. PIGKTOOTH, n. An instrument for picking or cleaning the teeth. See Toothpick. PICNIC, n. Originally, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish or article for the general table. The term is now applied to an entertainment car- ried with them by a party on an excursion of pleasure into the country, and, also, to the party itself. Pl'OO, n. [Sp.] A peak ; the pointed head of a mountain. Pl'GRA, n. A cathartic composed of aloes and canella. PICRO-LlTE, n. [qu. Gr. niKfos and \idoS-] A fibrous variety of serpentine. PI€'RO-MEL, n. [Gr. irtKpos.] The characteristic principle of bile. — Ure. PIG-ROS'MlNE, 72. [Gr. mi Pl'E-TISM, re. The fervent religion of the German Pietists. Pl'E-TIST, n. An appellation given to certain German re- formers who attempted to revive piety in the Lutheran churches near the close of the seventeenth century, and who established the Orphan House at Halle. They were greatly opposed, and the name of Pietist became in Ger- many nearly equivalent to that of Methodist in England. — Murdoch. PZ-E-TISTTG, a. Belonging to or like Pietists. PPE-TY, re. [L. •pittas ; Fr. piete.] 1. Piety, in principle, is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being and love of his character, or veneration accompa- nied with love ; and piety, in practice, is the exercise of these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to his service. 2. Reverence of parents or friends, accom- panied with affection and devotion to their honor and _happiness. PI-E-ZOM'E-TER. re. [Gr. th^w and ^erpov.] An instru- ment for ascertaining the compressibility of water. PIG, re. [D. big.] 1. The young of swine. 2. An oblong mass of unforged iron, lead, or other metal. — A pig- of lead weighs about 250 pounds. PIG, v. t. or i. 1. To bring forth pigs. 2. To lie together like pigs. — Burke. PIG'-EYjBD (-ide), a. Having small eyes sunk deep in the head. PIG'-HE AD-ED, a. Having a large head ; stupid. PIG'-I-RON, re. Iron in pigs, or as first extracted from the ore. PIG'-LeAD (-led), n. Lead in pigs, or as first extracted from the ore. PIG'-NUT, re. [pig and nut.] The ground-nut ; also, a tree and itsjruit of the genus carya, a species of hickory. PIG'-STY, n. A sty or pea for pigs. PWEON (pij'uu), n. [Fr.] A well-known bird of the genus columba, of several species, including doves and the Amer- ican wild pigeon. — To pigeon is a cant word for to fleece or to strip of money by the arts of gambling. — Smart. Pld'EON-FOOT, n. A plant.— Ainsworth. PIG'EON-HEaRT-ED, a. Timid ; easily frightened.— Beau- mont and Fletcher. PIG'EON-HoLE, n. 1. A hole for pigeons to enter their dwelling. Hence, 2. A little opening or division in a case for parjers. PIG'EON-HoLES, n. pi. An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little cavities or arches. PlG'EON-LIV-ER£D, a. Mild in temper ; soft ; gentle. PIG'EON-PeA, re. A plant and its seed, a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies. PIG'GER-Y, n. An inclosure containing a collection of sties ,for swine. — Quart. Rev. PIG'GIN, n. [Scot, a milking-pail.] A small wooden vessel with an erect handle, used as a dipper. fPlGHT (pite), pp. [Scot, pight or pichl ; from pitch.] Pitched; fixed; determined. — Shah. f PIGHT, v. t. [W. pigaw.] To pierce.— Wickliffe. PlGHTEL, n. A little inclosure. [Local] * PIG-Me'AN, a. [See * Pygmean.] Very small ; like a pigmy. PIG'MENT, re. [L. pigmentum.] Paint; a preparation used by painters, dyers, &c, to impart colors to bodies. PIG-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to pigments.— Pritchard. PIGMY, re. [It, Sp., Port. pigmeo ; L. pygmczus.] A dwarf ; a person of very small stature. PIG'MY, a. Very small in size ; mean ; feeble ; inconsid- erable. FIG-NO-RaTION, ft. [L. pignero.] The act of pledging or pawning. PIG'NO-RA-TlVE, a. Pledging ; pawning.— Did. [Rare.] PIGS'NEY, re. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] A word of endear- ment to a girl. — Hudibras. [Little used.] PIGTaIL, re. 1. The tail of a pig. 2. A cue ; the hair of the head tied in the form of a pig's tail. 2. A small roll of tobacco. D lG-WID'GEON (-wid'jun), re. [pig and widgeon.] A fairy ; a cant word for any thing very small. PIKE, re. [This word belongs to a numerous family of words expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or, as verbs, to Sax. pile; Fr. pique, piquer.] 1. A military weapon consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a flat steel head pointed.- ealled the spear. 2. A fork used in hus- bandry. Tusser. — 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs used to fasten any thing to be turned. — 4. In ichthyology, a vo- racious fresh-water fish of the genus esoz, highly estw ome/ _for food. PIK.ED (pikt), a. Ending in a point ; acuminated. PlKE'LP^T, I n. A light cake ; a kind of muffin. — SeuarcP PIKE'LIN, 5 Letters. PlKE'MA;N, re. A soldier armed with a pike. — Knolles. PlKE'STXFF, re. The staff or shaft of a pike.— Tatler. PIK'RO-LlTE, re. A mineral. .See Picrolite. PI-LAS'TKR, re. [L. pilastro; Fr. pilastre.] A square co- nmn, sometimes insulated, but usually set within a wall and projecting only a fourth or fifth of its diameter. PI-LAS'TER£D, a. Furnished with pilasters. t PILCH, re. [It. pelliccia ; Fr. pelisse.] A furred gown at case ; something lined with fur. — Shak. PIL'CHARD, re. [Ir. pilseir.] A fish resembling the herring, but smaller, thicker, and rounder. It is found chiefly or the coasts of Cornwall and Devon, England. PILCH'ER, re. 1. Any thing lined with fur, as a gown. 2 _A fish. — Milton. See Pilchard. PILE, re. [Sp., It. pila ; Fr. pile.] 1. A heap ; a mass or col- lection of things in a roundish or elevated form. 2. A collection of combustibles for burning a dead body. 3. A large building or mass of buildings ; an edifice. 4. A heap of "balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into a pyramidical form. PILE, re. [D. paal ; Sw., Dan. pil] 1. A large stake or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth to support the foundations of an edifice or the piers of a bridge. 2. One side of a coin ; originally, a punch or puncheon used in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures to be impressed. — 3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of a pile _or stake sharpened, with the point downward. PILE, re. [D. pyl ; Dan., Sw., pil ; L. pilum.] The head of an arrow. PILE, re. [L. pilus.] Properly, a hair ; the fibre of wool, cotton, and the like ; the nap ; the fine, hairy substance of _the surface of cloth. PILE, v. t. 1. To lay or throw into a heap ; to collect many things into a mass. 2. To bring into an aggregate ; to col- lect together. 3. To fill with something heaped. 4. To fill above the brim or top. 5. To break off the awns of threshed barley ; [local.] 6. To drive piles. — To sheet pile, is to drive a piling of planks edge to edge. Whence tho name sheel-pilirig. — Syn. To heap ; accumulate ; amass. PILE'-EN-6iNE ' \ n ' ^ ^S™ 6 for dl-ivin g down piles. PILE-W6RM, n. A worm found in piles hi Holland. PILE-W6RT, re. A plant whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. PIL'E-ATE, > a. [L. pileus.) Having the form of a cap or PIL'E-a-TED, > cover for the head PlL£D, pp. Heaped. t PlLE'MENT, re. An accumulation.— Hall. PlL'ER, re. One who piles or forms a heap. PILES, n. pi. The hemorrhoids, a disease consisting in tu- mors formed by the dilatation of the blood-vessels about the verge of the anus. They are called bleeding piles when there is a discharge of blood, and blind piles when there is none. — Forsyth. PIL'FER, v. i. [W. yspeiliata; Sp. pcllizcar.] To steal in small quantities ; to practice petty theft. PIL'FER, v. t. To steal or gain by petty theft ; to filch. PIL'FER£D, pp. or a. Stolen in small parcels. PIL'FER-ER, re. One who pilfers.— Young. PIL'FER-ING, ppr. or a. Stealing ; practicing petty thefts. PIL'FER-ING, re. Petty theft.— Shak. PIL'FER-ING-LY, adv. With petty theft ; filchingly. PIL-GaR'LI€, } re. One who has lost his hair by dis- PILL.ED-GaR'LI-8, ) ease ; a poor, forsaken wretch. — Stevens. PIL'GRIM, re. [G. pilger; Fr. pclerin.] 1. A wanderer; a traveler ; one who travels to a distance from his own country to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the remains of dead saints. — 2. In Scripture, one who has only a temporary residence on earth. — Heb., xi. t PIL'GRIM, v. i. To wander or ramble. — Grew. PIL'GRIM-AGE, re. 1. A long journey, particularly a journey to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. — 2. In Scripture, the journey of human life. — Gen., xlvii. 3. Time irksomely jpent. — Shak. i PIL'GRIM-lZE, v. i. To wander about as a pilgrim. Pl-LIF'ER-OUS, a. Bearing hairs.— Loudon. Pl-LlG'ER-OUS, a. [L. pilus and gero.] Bearing hair ; cov- _ered with hair. PILING, ppr. Heaping. PILL, re. [L. pila, pilula.] • 1 In pharmacy, a medicine in the form of a little ball, to 'be swallowed whole. 2. Any thing nauseous. — Young. PILL, v. t. [Fr. piller.] To rob ; to plunder ; to pillage, that is, to peel, to strip. PILL, v. i. 1. To be peeled; to come off in flakes. — Di-yderu 2. To rob ; see Peel. iJOVE ;- -BULL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VT'CIOUS.— € as K, G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, f Obsolete. PIM 744 PIN TL'LAJf n. IFr.] 1. Plunder; spoil; that which is taken fro in jnother by open force, particularly and chiefly, from enemies in war. 2. The act of plundering. — 3. in archi- te-ctur . a square pillar behind a column to bear up the arcbe.s — Syn. Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. PIL'LAfJE. v. t. To strip of money or goods by open vio- lence ; to plunder ; to spoil. PIL'LAGED, pp. Plundered by open force. PIL'LA GER, n. One who plunders by open violence. PLL'LA-GING, ppr. Plundering; stripping. PILTrAR, n. [Fr.pilier; Sp., Port pilar.] 1. A kind of ir- . egular column, round and insulated, but deviating from the proportions of a just column. 2. A supporter ; that which sustains or upholds ; that on which some super- structure rests. 3. A monument raised to commemorate any person or remarkable transaction. 4. Something re- sembling a pillar. — Gen., xix. 5. Foundation : support. Job, ix. — 6. In ships, a stanchion of wood or iron fixed perpendicularly under the middle of the beams for sup- porting the decks. — 7. In the manege, the center of the volta, ling, or manege-ground, around which a horse turns. PII/LAR.ED, a. 1. Supported by pillars.— Milton. 2. Hav- ing the foim of a pillar. — Thomson. PIL'LAR-IST, n. A term applied to certain of the early Christians who lived continually upon a pillar ; a stylite. — Coleman. PIL-LAU', n. Boiled rice and mutton fat, a Turkish dish. FILLED (pM), pp. Robbed; peeled. < PIL'LER, n. One who pills or plunders. — Chaucer. \ PIL'LER- Y, n. Plunder ; pillage ; rapine.— Huloet. PIL'LION (pil'yun), n. [It. pillin.] 1. A cushion for a wom- an to ride on behind a person on horseback. 2. A pad ; a pannel ; a low saddle. 3. The pad of a saddle that rests on the horse's back. PIL'LO-RI.ED, a. Put in a pillory. PIL'LO-RY, n. [Ir. pilori, pioloir ; Fr. pilori.] A frame of wood erected on posts, with movable boards and holes, through which are put the head and hands of a criminal for punishment. PIL'LO-RY, v. t. To punish with the pillory. riL'LoW, n. [Sax. pile or pyle.] 1. A long cushion to sup- port the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack or case filled with feathers, down, or other soft material. — 2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bow- sprit is supported. PIL'LoW, v. t To rest or lay on for support. — Milton. PIL'LoW-BIePl, \n. The movable case or sack which is PIL'L5W-€aSE, 5 drawn over a pillow. PIL'LoW_ED, pp. or a. Supported by a pillow. PIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow. PIL'LoW-Y, a. Like a pillow. — Southey. Pl-LoSE', \a. [L. pilosus.] 1. Hairy; havins hairs ; cover- PlLOUS, 5 ed with hair. 2. Consisting: of "hair. PI-LOS'I-TY, n. Hairiness.— Bacon. Pl'LOT, n. [Fr. pilote.] 1. One whose office or occupation is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out of a harbor, bay, or river, where navigation is danger- _ous. 2. A guide ; a director of one's course ; [colloquial] Pl'LOT, v. t. 1. To direct the course of r. chip ir. any place where navigation is dangerous. — 2. Figuratively, to guide _one through dangers or difficulties. Pl'LOT-FISH, ?i. A fish of the mackerel family, which fre- quently keeps company with vessels ; and as this is also done by sharks, it has been said that the former acts as a _guide or pilot to the latter. PrLOT-AGE, n. 1. The compensation made or allowed to one who directs the course of a ship. 2. The pilot's skill. —Raleigli; [obs.] Pl'LOT-ING, ppr. Steering, as a ship in dangerous navi- gation. Pl'LOT-ING, n. The act of steering a ship. \ Pl'LOT-ISM, ) „.. , .„ ? ., . t Pl'LOT-RY \ n ' " uota § e ! skill in piloting. PrLOUS, a. ' See Pilose. PIL'SER_, n. The moth or fly that runs into a flame. PIM'E-LlTE, n. [Gr. Tr^c}?? and \ L 6os.] A green clay or _earth colored by the oxyd of nickel.— Dana" Pl'MENT, n. Wine with a mixture of spice or honev. PI-MENTO, ) n. [Sp. pimienta.] Jamaica pepper, popularly PI-MENTA, J called allspice. It comes chiefly froin Ja- maica. PIMP, n. A man who provides gratifications for the lust of others ; a procurer ; a pander. — Addison. PIMP, v. i. To pander ; to procure lewd women for the gratification of others. PIMP'-LlKE. a. Like a pimp ; vile ; infamous ; mean. FIMTER-NEL, ? n. [l,. pimpinella; Fr. pimprenclle.] The PIM'PI-NEL, j name of several plants belonging to the genera anagallis, veronica, and lysimachia. — Lee. FIM'PIL-LO, n. A plant of the Indian fig family. PIM-PI-NEL'LA, n. A genus of plants, comprehending an- ise and burnet saxifrage. * See Synopsis, a K, I, &c, long.— I, E, 1, &c, short —FAR, FALL, WHAT ; PREY ;— MARINE, BtRP PIMPTNG, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd wuuien !or others. PIMPING, a. Little; petty.— Skinner. PIMTLE. n. [Sax. pinpel] A small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, not containing a fluid, nor tending to sup- puration. PIMTLUD, a. Having pimples on the skin ; full of pimples. PIM'PLY, a. Pimpled ; having pimples. PIN, n. [W. pin.] 1. A small pointed instrument made w - Ji**on. PlNE, n. [Sax. pin; D. pyn.] Woe , want; .^J .ry mis- ery. — Spenser. See Pain. PIN 745 PIQ PINE'-AP-PLE, n. A tropical plant and its fruit ; so called from the resemblance of ihe latter to the cone of the pine- tree. PlNE'-BAR'REN, n. A tract of barren land producing pine- trees. [United States.] PlNE'-€LAD, la. Clad or crowned with pine-trees. PlNE'-CROWNED, 5 —Hemans. PIN'E-AL, a. [Fr. pineale.] The pineal gland is a part of the brain, about the bigness of a pea ; so called from its 6hape, resembling a pine-apple. Some fanciful physiolo- gists have asserted that it is the seat of the soul. * PlNE'FU L, a. Full of woe.— Hall. PlN'E-RY, n. A place where pine-apples are raised. Pl'NEY, n. The tallow-tree of India, which see. — Ure. PIN'FoLD, n. [W. pin or pen, and fold.] A place in which beasts are confined. We now call it a. pound, f PIN"GLE (ping'gl), n. A small close. — Ainsworth. PINXTER 11 '} 71 - t Dutch -] Whitsuntide. I PIN"GUID. a. [L. pinguis.] Fat ; unctuous. PIN"GUID'IN-OUS, a. Containing fat. PIN"GUI-TUDE, n. Fatness ; a growing fat. PIN'HoLE, n. A small hole made by the puncture or per- foration of a pin ; a very small aperture. PIN'HoLD, n. A place at which a pin holds or makes fast. _ — Smart. PlNTNG, ppr. Languishing; wasting away. PlN'ING, n. A state of languishing or wasting away. PINION (pin'yun), ft. [Fr. pignon.] 1. The joint of a bird's wing, remotest from the body. 2. A feather ; a quill. — Shak. 3. A wing. 4. A smaller wheel with notches or teeth playing into the teeth of a larger wheel. — Hutton. 5. A term applied to fetters or bands for the arms. PIN'ION (pin'yun), v. t. 1. To bind or confine the wings. 2. To confine by binding the wings. 3. To cut off" the first joint of the wing. 4. To bind or confine the arm or arms to the body. — 5. Figuratively, to confine ; to shackle ; to chain, as with rules. 6. To bind ; to fasten to. — Pope. PINIONED, pp. or a. 1. Confined by the wings ; shackled. 2. a. Furnished with wings. — Dryden. PIN'ION-ING, ppr. Shackling ; confining the wings or arms. f PIN'ION-IST, ft. A winged animal ; a bird.— Brown. PIN'lTE, n. [from Pint, a mine in Saxony.] A soft mineral, consisting chiefly of silica and alumina ; micarel. PINK, ft. [W. pine] 1. An eye. or a small eye ; [but now disused, except in composition.] 2. A well-known orna- mental plant and flower. 3. A light-red color used by painters ; from the color of the flower. 4. Any thing su- premely excellent. 5. [Fr. pinque ; D. pink.] A ship with a very narrow stern. 6. A fish, the minnow. PINK, v. t. 1. To work in eyelet-holes ; to pierce with small holies. 2. To stab ; to pierce. — Addison. tPINK, v. i. [D. pinken.] To wink. — U Estrange. PINK'-EyED (-Ide), a. Having small eyes.— Holland. PINK'-NEE-DLE, n. A shepherd's bodkin.— Sherwood. PINK'-ROOT, ft. The root of the herb called Indian pink or Carolina pink, spigelia Marilandica, used as a vermifuge. PINK'-STERNED, a. Having a very narrow stern, as a ship.— Mar. Diet. PINKED (pinkt), pp. Pierced with small holes ; stabbed. PIN'NACE, n. [Sp. pinaza; Fr. pinassc.] A small vessel • navigated with oars and sails ; also, a boat usually rowed with ei _others. Pl-O-NEER', ft. [Fr. pionnier.] 1. In the art of war, ?n* whose business is to march with or before an army, to repair the road or clear it of obstructions, and to maka mines, intrenchments, &c. 2. One who goes before t* - remove obstructions or prepare the way for another. Pl-O-NEERED', pp. Preceded and prepared. Pl'O-NIED (-nid), a. Abounding in pionies. — Shak.- Pl'O-NING. n. The work of pioneers. — Spenser. Pl'O-NY, ? ft. [Sax. pionie ; L. paouia.] A plant, bearing Pe'O-NY, ) large, beautiful red flowers. Pl'OUS, a. [L. pius ; Fr. pieux.] 1. Reverencing and ign- oring the Supreme Being in heart and in the practice o the duties he has enjoined ; devoted to the service of God. 2. Dictated by reverence to God ; proceeding from piety 3. Having due respect and affection for parents or other relatives. — Pope. 4. Practiced under the ju'etense of re- ligion ; as, a pious fraud.— Syn. Godly ; devout ; religious ; _holy; righteous. Pl'OUS-MiND'ED, a. Of a pious disposition. Pl'OUS-LY, adv. 1. In a pious manner ; with reverence and affection for God; religiously. 2. With due regard to natural or civil relations. PIP, ft. [D. pip ; Fr. pepic.] 1. A disease of fowls ; a horny pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue. 2. A spot on cards. — Addison. 3. The seed of an apple, orange, or similar fruit. — Southey. PIP, v. i. [L.pipio; W.pipian; Dan. piper.] To cry or chirp, _as a chicken ; commonly pronounced peep. — Boyle. PIPE, n. [Sax. pipe ; W. pib ; Fr. pipe.] 1. A wind instru- ment of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or met- al. 2. A long tube or hollow body. 3. A tube of clay with a bowl at one end ; used in smoking tobacco. 4. The or- gans of voice and respiration. 5. The key or sound of the voice. Shak. — 6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer itself. 7. A cask, usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 gallons, used for wine ; or the quantity which it contains. — 8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs forward endwise in a hole, and does not sink down- ward or in a vein. PIPE, v. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of music. — Dryden. — Swift. 2. To have _a shrill sound ; to whistle. — Shak. PIPE, v. t. To play on a wind instrument. — 1 Cor., xiv. PiPE-€LaY, ft. A kind of white clay, used in making to- _bacco-pipes and various kinds of earthen- ware. PlPE'-FISH, n. A fish having a long and very slender body, with an elongated, tubular snout, the whole covered with bony plates like a coat of mail. PlPE'-TREE, n. The lilac. PIPED (pipt), a. Formed with a tube ; tubular. — Encyc. PlP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument. PIP'ER-ID6E, ft. 1. The tupelo, or black gum, a tree— 2. Piperidge bush, the barberry. See Pepperidge. PIP'ER-IN, ft. A peculiar crystalline substance extracted from black pepper. PIPING, ppr. 1. Playing on a pipe. 2. a. Weak ; feeble ; sickly ; from the weak or piping voice of the sick ; as, these piping times of peace. Shak. — 3. Boiling ; from the sound of boiling fluids ; as, piping hot; [vulgar.} PI-PIS'TREL, ft. A small bat. the common bat of" England. PIP'KIN, n. [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler. PIP'PIN. ft. [D. pippeling.] A kind of apple ; a tart apple. PlQU'AN-CY (pik'an-sy), ft. Sharpness ; pungency ; tart- ness ; severity. — Barrow. PfQU'ANT (pik'ant), a. [Ft. fr am. piqucr.] 1. Pricking ; stim- ulating to the tongue. 2. Sharp; tart; pungent; severe. PIQU'ANT-LY (pik'ant-ly), adv. With sharpness ; tartly. PlQUE (peek), ft. [Fr.] 1. An offense taken ; usually, slight anger. 2. A strong passion. 3. Point ; nicety ; punctilio ; as, pique of honor. Dryden. — Syn. Displeasure ; irrita- tion ; grudge ; spite. PlQUE (peek), v. t. [Fr. piquer.] 1. To excite a degree of anger. 2. To excite to action ; to touch with envy, jeal- ousy, or other passion. 3. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride or value one's self. — Syn. To offend ; displease ; irritate ; provoke ; fret ; nettle ; sting ; goad ; stimulate. PIQUED (peekt), pp. Irritated ; nettled ; offended ; excited, PIQU-EER', n. See Pickeer. PIQU-EER'ER, ft. A plunderer ; a freebooter.— Swift. Se PlCKEERER. Pf QU'ET, ft. See Picket. Pi-QUET (pe-kef), n. [Fr.J A game at cards. PlQUTNG (peeking), ppr. Irritating ; offending ; priding. D6VE ;_ By LL. UNITE ;— AN"GER,, WCIOUS.— G as K ; d as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. Obsolete. PIS 746 PIT Pld.\-( ^ .i [' r piralcrie ; L. piratica.] 1. The act, prac- tirf, *-r :cr-t\>. of robbing on the high seas; the taking of pre v ertt fi >m otliers by open violence and without au- thonty on the sea; a crime that answers to robbery on land. 2. An infringement of the law of copyright, or the publishing of the writings of another without permission ; *-he robbir, % of another by taking his writings. PI RA TE, n. [It. pirato ; L., Sp. pirata.] 1. A robber on the high seas. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission for the purpose of plundering other vessels indiscriminately on the high seas. 3. One who in- fringes the law of copyright or publishes the writings of other men without permission. PI'RATE, v. i. To rob on the high seas. — Arbuthnot. Pl'RATE, v. t. To take by theft or without right or per- mission, as books or writings. — Pope. Pl'RA-TED, pp. or a. Taken "by theft or without right. Pl-RATIC-AL, a. [L. pnaticus.] 1. Robbing or plundering by open violence on the high seas. 2. Consisting in pira- _cy ; predatory ; robbing. 3. Practicing literary theft Pl-RATI-e-AL-LY, adv. By piracy.— Bryant. Pl'RA-TING, ppr. 1. Robbing on the high seas ; taking with- out right, as a book or writing. 2. a. Undertaken for the sake of piracy. PI-RoGUE' (pe-rog'), ~in. [Sp. piragua.] 1. A canoe PI-RA'GUA (pe-raw'gua), S formed out of the trunk of a tree, or two canoes united. — 2. In modern usage in Amer- ica, a narrow ferry-boat, carrying two masts and a lee- board. PIR-6U-ETTE' (pir-6-ef), n. [Fr.] 1. A whirling or turning about on the toes in dancing. 2. The circumvolution of a horse on the same ground. f PIR'RY, n. A rough gale of wind ; a storm. — Elyot. PIS'CA-RY, n. [It. pescheria.] In law, the right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters. — Blackstone. PIS-CaTION, n. [L. piscatio.] The act of fishing. PIS-€A-To'RI-AL, \a. [L. piscatorius.} Relating to fishes PIS'€A-TO-RY, 3 or to fishing.— Addison. PIS'CeS, n.pl. [L. piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac. PIS'CI-NAL, a. Belonging to a fish-pond. PIS'ClNE, a. [L. piscis.] Pertaining to fish or fishes. PIS CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. piscis and voro.] Feeding or sub- sisting on fishes. Pl'SE (pe'za), n. [Fr.] A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay, rammed in between molds as it is carried up. — Gwiti. PISH, exclam. A word expressing contempt ; sometimes spoken and written pshaw. PISH, v. i. To express contempt. — Pope. Pl'SI-FORM, a. [L. pisum and forma.] Having the form of a pea. — Kirwan. *PIS'MlRE, 7i. [Sw. myra ; Dan. mxjre ; D. mier.] The insect _called the ant or emmet. — Prior. — Mortimer. Pl'SO-LlTE, n. [Gr. maov and \i8oS-] A calcareous stone made up of globular concretions of the size of a pea ; also called peastone. — Dana. PI-SO-LITI€, a. In mineralogy, resembling in structure peas agglutinated. — Mantcll. PIS'O-PHALT, n. See Pissasphalt. PISS, v. i. [D., G. pissen ; Dan. pisser ; Fr. pisser.] To dis- charge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in the urinary bladder. PISS, n. Urine ; the liquor secreted in the bladder. PISS'-BURNED, a. Stained with urine. PISS'A-BED, n. A vulgar name of the dandelion.- London. PLS'SAS-PHALT, n. fGr. -lacau^aXrov ; Sp. pisasfalto.) Earth-pitch ; a soft bitumen, of the consistence of tar, black, and of a very strong smell ; a variety of petroleum. PIST,^ >?i. [Fr. piste.] The track or foot-print of a horse- PISTE, 5 man on the ground he goes over. PIS-Ta'CHIo (pis-ta'sho), n. [Fr. pistache ; It. pistacchio.] The nut of the pistacia vera, a species of turpentine-tree growing in Western Asia and Sicily. It is about the size of a filbert, but longer, and resembles the sweet almond in taste. PIS'TA-ClTE, > „ „ PISTA-ZlTE. I See Epidote. PIS-TA-REEN', n. A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18 cents, or 9d. sterling. PISTIL, n. [L. pistillum,] In botany, the female sexual or- gan of all phenogamous plants. It is situated in the center of all hermaphrodite and female flowers. PIS-TIL-La'CeOUS (-shus), a. Growing on the pistil of a no wer. — Barton. PISTIL-LITE, a. Having a pistil. PIS-TIL-LITION, tz. [L. pistillum.] The act of pounding in a mortar. [Little used.] PIS-TIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [pistil, and L. fero.] Having a pistil without stamens, as a female flower. PISTOL, n. [Fr. pistole, pistolet.] A small fire-arm. PISTOL, v. t. [Fr. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. PIS-ToLE', n. [Fr.] A gold coin of Spain, worth about 16 shillings sterling oi $3 60 cents. In other countries it va- ries from $3 to $5. PISTOLED, pp. Shot with a pistol. PISTO-LET, n. [Fr.] A little pistol. PIS'TOL-ING, ppr. Shooting with a pistol. PISTON, n. [Fr., Sp. piston.] A short cylinder of metal or other solid substance, which fits exactly the cavity of a pump or barrel, and works tip and down in it alternately — Brande. PISTON-ROD, n. The rod attaching the piston to the ad- joining machinery. — Haldeman. PIT, n. [Sax. pit. or pyt; It. pit.] 1. An artificial cavity mado in the earth by digging ; a deep hole in the earth. 2. A deep place ; an abyss"; profundity. 3. The grave. — Ps. xxviii. 4. The area for cock-fighting. — 5. In a theatre, the part on the ground-floor between the lower range of boxes and the stage. 6. The hollow of the body at the stomach. 7. The cavity under the shoulder ; as, the arm-pit. 8. A dint made by impression on a soft substance, as by the fin- ger, &c. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made by a pustule, as in the small-pox. 10. A hollow place in the earth ex- cavated for catching wild beasts. 11. Great distress and misery, temporal, spiritual, or eternal.— Ps. xl. 12. Hell ; as, the bottomless pit. — Rev., xx. 13. [Dutch.] The kernel of fruit, as of a cherry, &c. PIT, v. t. 1. To indent; to press into hollows. 2. To mark with little hollows. 3. To set in competition, as in com- bat. — Madison. PIT-€oAL, n. Mineral coal; coal dug from the earth. t PIT'-HoLE, n. A mark made by disease. — Bcaum. and FL PIT-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing timber. PIT-A-Ha'YA, 7i. A fruit-bearing shrub of California. PIT'A-PAT, adv. In a flutter; with palpitation or quick suc- cession of beats ; as, his heart went pitapat. PITA-PAT, n. A liaht, quick step.— Drydcn. PITCH, n. [Sax. pic; D.pik; G. pech.] 1. A thick black substance obtained by boiling down tar ; used in calking ships, &c. 2. A thick, tenacious substance, the juice ol the silver fir of central and southern Europe, abies picca., obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. It is melt- ed in boiling water, strained, and called Burgundy pitch. — Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. PITCH, n. [W. pig.] 1. Literally, a point ; hence, any point or degree of elevation. 2. Highest rise. 3. Size ; stature. 4. Degree ; rate. 5. The point where a declivity begins, or the declivity itself ; descent; slope. 6. The degree ol descent or declivity. 7. A descent ; a fall ; a thrusting down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune, or of any note. PITCH, v. t. [formerly pight; W. piciaw ; D. pikken ; G. pichen.] 1. To throw or thrust, and, primarily, to thrust a long or pointed object ; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set , as, to pitch a tent or camp. 2. To throw at a point. 3. To throw headlong. 4. To throw with a fork. 5. To reg- ulate or set the key-note of a tune in music. 6. To set in array ; to marshal or arrange in order ; used chietiy in the participle; as, a pitched battle. 7. [from, pitch.] To smear or pay over with pitch. PITCH, v. i. 1. To fight ; to settle ; to come to rest from flight. 2. To fall headlong. 3. To plunge. 4. To fall ; to fix choice. 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation ; to encamp. — 6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head and stern of a ship passing over waves. 7. To flow or fall precipitously, as a river. PITCH'-BLACK, a. Black as pitch. PITCH-BLENDE, n. A black or brownish ore of uranium, of a semi-metallic lustre. It affords an orange color in porcelain painting. — Dana. PITCH'-FaR-THING, n. A play in which copper coin is pitched into a hole ; called, also, chuck-farthing. PITCH'-oRE, 7i. Pitch-blende, an ore of uranium. PITCH'-SToNE, n. A volcanic rock resembling indurated pitch. See Obsidian. PITCHED (pitcht), pp. or a. Set ; planted ; fixed ; thrown headlong ; set in array ; smeared with pitch. PITCHER, n. [Arm. picher.] 1. An earthen vessel with a spout for pouring out liquors. 2. An instrument for pierc- ing the ground. — Mortimer. 3. One who pitches any thing, as "hay, quoits, &c. PITCH'ER-PLANT, n. See Nepenthes. PITCHFORK, n. [W. picforc.] A fork or farming utensil used in throwing hay or sheaves of grain. PITCH'I-NESS, n. Blackness ; darkness. [Little used.] PITCHING, ppr. 1. Setting; planting or fixing; throwing headlong ; plunging ; daubing with pitch ; setting, as a tuna 2. a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping, as a hill. PITCHING, n. In navigation, the rising and falling of the head and stem of a ship as she moves over waves. PITCH'PIPE, n. A wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch oi elevation of the key. PITCH'Y, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch ; like pitch. 2. Smeared with pitch. 3. Black; dfc.'k , dismal PITE-OUS, a. 1. That may excite pity. 2. De? ervh ig com- Sec Synopsis. A, 1,1, &c, long.— A. E. I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- M4 RiNE, BiRD r- S'.cS'VL, JlQ^iL PIZ 747 PLA. passion. 3. Affected by pity. 4. Pitiful; paltry; poor; as, piteous amends. Milton, — Syn. Sorrowful ; mournful; affecting ; doleful ; woful ; rueful ; wretched ; miserable ; pitiable ; compassionate ; tender. PITE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In a piteous manner; with com- passion. — Shale. 2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. FlTE-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Sorrowfulness. 2. Tenderness; •jompassion. PITFALL, n. A pit slightly covered for concealment, and intended to catch wild beasts or men. PIl'TALL, v. t. To lead into a pitfall.— Milton. PITH, to. [Sax. pitka.] 1. The soft, spongy substance in the center of plants and trees. — 2. In animals, the spinal cord. 3. Strength or force. — Shak. 4. Energy ; cogency ; concentrated force; closeness and vigor of" thought and style. 5. Condensed substance or matter ; quintessence. 6. Weight ; moment ; importance. — Shak. PITH, v. t. To divide the spinal cord or marrow, as by thrusting in a knife : a mode of putting animals to death. P1TH'I-LY, adv. With strength ; with close or concentrated force ; cogently ; with energy. PITH'I-NESS, a. Strength ; concentrated force. PITHLESS, a. 1. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength. 2. Wanting cogency or concentrated force. 'ITH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of pith ; containing pith ; abounding with pith. 2. Containing concentrated force ; forcible ; energetic. 3. Uttering energetic words or expressions. PITI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. pitoyable.] Deserving pity ; worthy of compassion. — Syn. Sorrowful ; affecting ; lamentable ; mournful ; doleful ; woful ; rueful ; wretched ; miser- able. PITI-A-BLE-NESS, to. State of deserving compassion. PITI-A-BLY, adv. In a pitiable manner; wofully. PITLED (pit/id), pp. Compassionated. tPITIi?D-LY, adv. In a situation to be pitied. — Feltham. PITIFUL, a. 1. Full of pity ; tender ; compassionate. — 1 Pet., hi. ; [nearly obs.] 2. Miserable ; moving compas- sion. — Shak. ; [nearly obs.] 3. To be pitied for its little- ness or meanness ; paltry ; contemptible ; despicable. — Shak. 4. Very small ; insignificant. PITI-FUL-LY, adv. 1. With pity ; compassionately. 2. In a manner to excite pity. 3. Contemptibly ; with meanness. PITI-FUL-NESS, to. 1. Tenderness of heart that disposes to pity ; mercy ; compassion. 2. Contemptibleness. PITI-LESS, a. 1. Feeling no pity. 2. Exciting no pity.— Syn. Hard-hearted cruel ; merciless ; unmerciful ; com- passionless ; unsyn_pathizing. PIT'I-LESS-LY, adv. Without mercy or compassion. PITI-LESS-NESS, to. Unmercifulness ; insensibility to the distresses of others. PIT'MAN, to. 1. The man who stands in a pit when sawing timber with another man who stands above. 2. The piece of timber which connects the lower end of a mill-saw with the wheel that moves it. PITTA-CAL, to. [Gr. irirra and K a\\oS.) A dark-blue solid substance, somewhat hke indigo, obtained from wood tar. PITTANCE, to. [Fr. pitance.] 1. An allowance of meat in a monastery. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned. 3. *A very small quantity, as of money, &c. PITTED, pp. or a. from pit. Marked with little hollows ; set in competition. PITTING, ppr. Marking with little hollows; setting in competition. PITTI-ZlTE, to. [Gr.7r«rffBorjrirra.] Pitchy iron ore.— Ure. PI-Tu'I-TA-RY, a. [L. pituita.] That secretes phlegm or mucus. — Parr. PIT'U-lTE, to. [Fr., from L. pituita.] Mucus. PI-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or resembling it in qualities. PIT'Y, to. [Fr. pitze; It. pietd.] 1. The feeling or suffering of one person, excited by the distresses of another. 2. The ground or subject of pity ; cause of grief ; thing to be regretted. — Syn. Compassion ; mercy ; commiseration ; condolence ; sympathy ; fellow-suffering ; fellow-feeling. PITY, v. t. [Fr. pitoyer.] To feel pain or grief for one in distress ; to have sympathy for ; to have tender feelings for one, excited by his unhappiness. — Syn. To commis- erate ; compassionate ; sympathize with. PIT'Y, v. i. To be compassionate ; to exercise pity. PITY-IN G, ppr. Compassionating ; sympathizing. °ITY-ING-LY, adv. Compassionately ; tenderly. PIU. [It.] In music, a little. PTV'OT, to. [Fr.] 1. A pin or short shaft on which any thing turns. Dryden. — 2. In military language, the officer or soldier who happens to be at the flank on which a com- pany wheels. *IX, to. [L. pyxis.] 1. A little box or chest in which the con- secrated host is kept in the Roman Catholic Church. 2. A box used in English coinage for the trial of gold and sifver coin. — Brande. PIXT, n. A fairy. — Holloway. [Local in England.] PIZZLE, n. [D. pees.] In certain quadrupeds, the part which is official to generation and the discharge of urine. PLa-CA-BILI-TY, >*.. "i ne quality of being appeasable PLI'€A-BLE-NE8S, j susceptibility of being pacified. PLa'€A-BLE, a. [It. placabile ; Sp. placable ; h.placabili* That may be appeased or pacified ; appeasable ; admitti^ its passions or irritations to be allayed; willing to forgivV PLA-CaRD', n. [Fr. placard ; Sp. placarte.] Properly, a written or printed paper posted in a public place. II seems to have been formerly the name of an edict, pro* lamation, or manifesto issued by authority. It is now ar advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censurt public or private characters or public measures, posted is a public place. PLA-CIRD', v. t. 1. To post, as a writing or libel, in a pub- he place. It is sometimes used in a good sense. 2. Tc notify publicly. PL A-€ aRD'ED, pp. Posted in a public place ; notifying pub- licly. PLA-C aRD'ING, ppr. Posting in a public place. PLa'CaTE, v. t. [L. placo.] To appease or pacify; to con ciliate. — Forbes. PLaCE, to. [Fr. ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A particular portion of space of indefinite extent. 2. Any portion of space, as distinct from space in general. 3. Local existence. 4. Separate division, room, or apartment. 5. Residence ; mansion. 6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book. 7. Point or degree in order of proceeding ; as, in the first place. 8. Rank ; order of priority, dignity, or importance. 9. Official station. 10. Ground ; room ; as, place of doubt- ing. — Hammond. 11. Station in life ; calling ; occupation ; condition. 12. A city ; a town ; a village. — 13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post ; a fortress ; a fort ; as, a strong place. 14. A country ; a kingdom. 15. Space in general.— Davis. 16. Room ; stead ; with the sense ol substitution; as, in anothers place. 17. Room; kind re- ception. — 18. Place of a heavenly body, in astronomy, the sign and degree of the zodiac in which it is. — Hutton. To take place. 1. To come ; to happen ; to come into actual existence or operation. 2. To take the precedence or pri- ority. Locke. — To take the place, to occupy the place or station of another. — To have place. 1. To have a station, room, or seat. 2. To have actual existence.— To give place. 1. To make room or way. 2. To give room ; to give advantage; to yield to the influence of; to listen to, 3. To give way ; to yield to and suffer to pass away. — High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices were oftered. — Syn. Situation ; seat ; abode ; position ; locality ; location ; site ; spot ; office ; employment ; charge ; func- tion ; trust. PLICE, v. t. [Fr. placer.] 1. To put or set in a pa?-ticular part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in something on its surface ; to locate. 2. To appoint, set, in- duct, or establish in an office. 3. To put or set in any particular rank, state, or condition. 4. To set ; tc fix, 5. To put ; to invest. 6. To put out at interest ; to lend. PLaCE'-MAN, to. One who has an office under a govern- ment^ PLA-CE'BO. [L. placeo.] 1. In the Roman Catholic Church, the vesper hymn for the dead, beginning placebo Domino. Fosbroke. — 2. In medicine, a prescription more to please than benefit the patient. — Forsyth. PLACED (plast), pp. Set; fixed; located; established. PLA-CEN'TA, to. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the substance that connects the embryo or fetus to the womb, a soft, round- ish mass or cake by which the principal connection ia maintained between the parent and the fetus. 2. The part of a plant or fruit to which the seeds are attached. PLA-CENTAL, a. Pertaining to the placenta. PLAC-EN-TI'TION, n. In botany, the disposition of the co- tyledons or lobes in the vegetation or germination of seeds. PLAC-EN-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. placenta and fero.] Inbotany, bearing or producing a placenta. — Lindley. PLa'CER, to. One who places, locates, or sets. PLACID, a. [L. placidus.] 1. Gentle ; quiet ; undisturbed ; equable. 2. Serene ; mild ; unruffled ; indicating peace of mind. 3. Calm ; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy. 4. calm ; quiet ; unruffled. PLAC'ID-LY, adv. Mildly ; calmly ; quietly ; without dis- turbance or passion. PLAC'ID-NESS, )n. 1. Calmness; quiet; tranquillity; uo- PLA-CID'I-TY, 5 ruffled state. 2. Mildnest ; gentleness ; sweetness of disposition. PLACING, ppr. Setting; fixing; establishing. t PLAC'IT, to. [L. placitum.] A decree or determination. Glanville. PLAC'I-TO-RY, a. Relating to pleas or pleading in courts of law. — Clayton. PLACK'ET, w. [Fr. plaquer.] A petticoat.— Snak. [Rare.] PLA-€OID'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the placoidians. PLA-€OID'I-ANS, n.pl. [Gr. rrAa^ and eitoS.] In the arrange- ment of Agassiz, the first order of fishes, having the skin covered with enameled plates, as the sharks, rays. &c. PLAFOND', n. [Fr.] The ceiling of a room, whether flat or arched ; any soffit. D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VTCIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. i'LA 748 PLA PJ..A"~«j. * [Gr. nXizyio;.] Piagal melodies, in music, are such as have their principal notes lying between the fifth o f the kny and its octave or twelfth. — Brande. *PLa.G -A-RISM, /(, [from plagiary.] The act of purloin- ing another man's literary works, or introducing passages from idiother man's writings and putting them off as one's own ; literary theft. * PLa'GI-A-RIST, n. One who purloins the writings of an- other and puts them off as his own. * PLa'GI-A-RiZE, v. t. To steal or purloin from the writings of another. _ * PL A'Gl-A-RlZ.ED, pp. Stolen from the writings of another. * PLI'Gl-A-RlZ-LNG, ppr. Purloining from the writings of another. * PLa'gI-A-RY, n. [L. plagium.] 1. A thief in literature ; one who purloins another's writings and offers them to thejpublic as his own. 2. The crime of literary theft ; [obs.] •PLa'61-A-RY, a. Stealing men; kidnapping; [obs:] 2. Practicingliterary theft. — Hall. PLa'GI-ON-iTE, 72.. [Gr. nXaYioS, oblique, alluding to the crystallization.] A blackish, lead-gray ore of antimony and lead. PLaGUE (plag), to. [Sp. plaga or llaga; G., Dan. plage; L. plaga.] 1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious. 2. A pest- ilential disease of an acute, malignant, febrile nature, prev- alent around the Mediterranean. 3. A state of misery. 4. Any great natural evil or calamity. PLaGUE (plag), v. t. [Sp. plagar ; Dan. plager.] 1. To in- fest with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind. 2. To occasion any one trouble or vexation. — Syn. To vex ; torment ; distress ; afflict ; harass ; annoy ; tease ; tanta- lize ; trouble ; molest ; embarrass ; perplex. PLaGUE'FUL, a. Abounding with plagues ; infected with plagues. PLaGUE'LESS, a. Free from plagues or the plague. PLaGU'I-LY, adv. Vexatiously ; in a manner to vex, harass, or embarrass; greatly; horribly. — Swift. [In vulgar US'] PLaGU'Y (plag'y), a. Vexatious ; troublesome ; tormenting. [Vulgar.] PLaICE, 1 n. [Fr. pile ; Sp. platija.] A salt-water fish allied PLaISE, 5 to the flounder, but larger. PLIICE'-MOUTH, to. A wry mouth.— Ben Jonson. PLAID (plad), n. A striped or variegated cloth worn as an oyer garment by the Highlanders in Scotland. PLaIN (plane), a. [Fr. plain; It piano ; Sp. piano, llano; Port, piano ; from L. planus.] 1. Without elevations and depressions ; not rough ; in this sense often written plane. 2. Unencumbered : fair ; as, to beat an enemy in plain fight. 3. Void of beauty or ornament. 4. Without disguise, cun- ning, or aifeetation ; without refinement ; as, a plain man. 5. Without art or embellishment, as a story. 6. Honestly undisguised ; as, to speak plain truth. 7. Mere ; bare ; as, plain fools.— Pope. 8. Evident to the understanding ; not obscure. 9. Not much varied by modulations, as a song. 10. Not high-seasoned ; not rich ; not luxuriously dressed, as food. 11. Not ornamented with figures. 12. Not dyed. 13. Not difficult : not embarrassing. 14. Easi- ly seen or discovered ; not obscure or difficult to be found. — Syn. Even ; level ; flat ; smooth : open ; artless ; unaf- fected ; undisguised ; frank ; sincere ; honest ; candid ; ingenuous ; unvarnished ; unembellishe-d ; downright ; un- reserved ; clear ; simple ; distinct ; obvious ; apparent ; manifest. PLaIN, adv. 1. Not obscurely ; in a manner to be easily un- derstood. 2. Distinctly ; articulately. 3. With simplicity ; artlessly ; bluntly. PLaIN, n. [Ir.cluain; Fr. plaine.] 1. Level land; usually; an open field with an even surface, or a surface little va- ried by inequalities. 2. Field of battle. — Arbuthnot. PLaIN. v. t. 1. To level ; to make plain or even on the sur- face.— Hayward. 2. To lament. — Spenser ; [obs.] t PLaIN, v. i. [Fr. plaindre.] To lament, complain, or wail. PLaIN-CHaNT, n. See Plain-song. PLaIN'-DeAL-ER, 7i. One who speaks out his views with great plainness. PLaIN'-DeAL-ING, a. Dealing or communicr.ting with frankness and sincerity ; honest ; open ; speaking and act- ing without art. PLaIN'-DeAL-ING, n. A speaking or communicating with openness and sincerity ; management without art, strata- gem, or disguise ; sincerity. PLaIN'-HEaRTED, a. Having a sincere heart ; commu- nicating without art ; of a frank disposition. PLaIN'-HEaRTED-NESS, n. Frankness of disposition- sincerity. — Hallywell. ' PLaIN'-SONG, n. An ecclesiastical chant in duple measure with notes of equal length, and rarely exceeding the com- pass of an_ octave. — P. Cyc. PLaIN'-SPoK-£N, a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sin- cerity. — Dry den. ILaIN'-WORK (-wurk), n. Plain needle-work, as distin- guished from embroidery. — Pope. t PLaINTNG, n. Complaint.— Sliak PLIIN'LY, adv. 1. With a level surface ; [rare.] 2. With- out cunning or disguise. 3. Without ornament or artilicia, embellishment. 4. Frankly; honestly; sincerely. 5. In earnest ; fairly. 6. In a manner to be easily seen or com- prehended. 7. Evidently ; clearly ; not obscurely. PLaIN'NESS, n. 1. Levelness ; evenness of surface. 2. Want of ornament; want of artificial show. 3. Open- ness ; rough, blunt, or unrefined frankness. 4. Artless- ness ; simplicity ; candor. 5. Clearness ; openness ; sin- cerity. PLaINT, to. [Fr. plaintc.] 1. Lamentation; complaint; au- dible expression of sorrow. — Milton. 2. Complaint ; i er- resentation made of injury or wrong done. Bacon.— \. us laio, a private memorial tendered to a court, in which the person sets forth his cause of action. — 4. In law, a com plaint ; a formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an oflender for a breach of law or a public ctfensc — Laws of New York and Conn. PLaINTFUL, a. Complaining ; expressing sorrow with an audible voice. — Sidney. PLaIN TTFF, n. [Fr. plaintif] In law, the person who cosn- mences a suit before a tribunal for the recovery of a c'xtfcn ; opposed to defendant. PLAINTIVE, a. [Ft. plaintif] 1. Lamenting; complain- ing ; expressive of sorrow. 2. Complaining ; expressing sorrow or grief; repining. PLaINTIVE-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of grief. PLaINTIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of expressing grief. PLaINTLESS, a. Without complaint ; unrepining. PLaIT, n. [W. pleth.] 1. A fold; a doubling, as of cloth. 2. A braid, as of hair or straw. PLaIT (plate), v. t. 1. To fold ; to double in narrow streaks. 2. To braid ; to interweave strands. 3. To en- tangle ; to involve. PLaITED, pp. or a. Folded ; braided ; interwoven PLaIT'ER, 7i. One who plaits or braids. PLAITING, ppr. Folding; doubling; braiding. PLAN, n. [Fr., G.. D., Dan.. Sw., Russ. plan.] 1. The rep- resentation of any thing drawn on & plane ; as, the plan of a building. 2. Any thing devised or projected ; as, a plan of operations. — Syn. Draught ; delineation ; plot ; sketch ; scheme ; project ; design ; contrivance ; device. PLAN, v. t. 1. To form a draught or representation of any intended work. 2. To scheme ; to devise ; to form in design. PLa'NA-RY, a. Pertaining to a plane. — Diet. PLANCH, v. t. [Fr planche.] To plank ; to cover with planks or boards. — Gorges. PLANCHLED (planch t), pp. Covered or made of planks or boards. PLANCH'ER, n. A floor.— Bacon. PLANCH'ET, n. [Fr. planchette.] A flat piece of metal or coin. — En cyc. PLANCH'ING, n. The laying of floors in a building ; also, a floor of boards or planks. — Carew. PL1NE, a. [L. planus. See Plain.] Without elevations or depressions ; even ; level ; flat. — Plane chart, a chart con- structed on the supposition of the earth and sea being an extended plane surface, with the degrees of latitude and longitude every where equal. — Plane sailing, in naviga- tion, the ait of determining the ship's place on the suppo- sition that she is moving on a plane. PLaNE, 72. [from L. planus. See Plain.] 1. In geometry, an even or level surface, like plain in popular language. — 2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass through any of the curves described on the celestial sphere. — 3. In joinery, an instrument used in smoothing boards. — An inclined plane is. any plane inclined to the horizon, at whatever angle. PLaNE, v. i. 1. To make smooth; to pare off the inequal- ities of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by the use of a plane. 2. To free from inequalities of sur- face. PLaNE'-Ta-BLE, n. An instrument or board marked off into degrees from the center, used in surveying lands by which the draught or plan is taken on the spot during the progress of the survey. — Hutton. PLaNE'-TREE, n. [L. platanus ; Fr. plane, platane.] A large tree of the genus platanus, having broad leaves, and seeds united in little globular pendent balls. The Orie ntal or Asiatic plane-tree, and the occidental or American, which is also called button-wood, are well-known apecies. PLXN.ED, pp. or a. Made smooth with a plane ; leveled. PLaN'ER, to. One who smooths with a plane. — Sher'oood. PLAN'ET, 7i. [Gr. TzXavinnS.] Literally, a wanderer . a ce lestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity, as distinguished f rora a comet, which has a very eccentric orbit. The moons a satellites revolving about the planets are caller 1 sci.oudarii planets, and hence the planets theintelves are s;raetimei called primary planets. ■ See Synopsis, i, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short -FIR, FALL, W HAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtP > ; ~W ? K BOQK. PLA v 49 PLA PLAl^ ET- •& PRUCK, a. Affected by the influence of plan- ets: blasted. — Suckling. PLAN- ET-I'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine which, by the novemeiit of its parts, represents the motions and or- bits of trie p anets. PLANET- A-RY, a. [Fr. planetaire.] 1. Pertaining to the planets. 2. Consisting of planets'. 3. Under the domin- ion or influence of a planet. [Astrology.] 4. Produced by planets. — Shale. 5. Having the nature of a planet ; erratic or revolving. PLAN'ET-ED, a. Belonging to planets.— Young. tPLA-NET'I€-AL, ft. Pertaining to planets. — Brown. PLAN'ET-ULE, ft. A little planet.— Conybeare. PLAN-I-MET'RIC, \a. Pertaining to the mensuration PL AN-I-M KTTUC-AL, 5 of plane surfaces. PLA-NIM'E-TRY, ft. [L. planus, and Gr. fiirpeu}.] The men- suration of plane surfaces. PLAN'ISH, v. t. To render a metallic surface level and smooth, by pounding it gently with a smooth-faced ham- mer, as tin plates, &c. — Henry's Chemistry. PLAN'ISHJED (plan'isht), pp. Made smooth by hammering. PLANISHING, ppr. Making smooth by hammering. PLAN'l-SPHERE, n. [L. planus and sphere.] A sphere pro- jected on a plane ; a map exhibiting the circles of a sphere. PLANK, n. [Fr.planche; W. plane; D. plank; G., Dan. planke.] A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. PLANK, v. t. To cover or lay with planks. PLANKED (plankt), pp. Covered with planks. PLANKING, ppr. Laying with planks. PLAN'LESS, a. Having no plan. PLANNED, pp. Devised; schemed. PLAN'NER, 7i. One who plans or form3 a plan ; a pro- jector. » PL AN'NING, ppr. Scheming ; devising ; making a plan. PLa'NO-CON'CIVE, a. Flat on one side and concave on the other. PLa'NO-CON'IC-AL, a. Plane or level on one side and conical on the other. — Grew. PLa'NO-CON'VEX, a. Plane. or flat on one side and con- vex on the other. — Newton. PLa'NO-HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. Having a level, horizontal suiface or position. — Lee. PLa'JNO-SUB'U-LATE, a. Smooth and awl-shaped. PLA-NOPl'BIS, n. [L. planus and orbis.] A genus of fresh- water snails having shells of a discoidal form. — Mantell. PLANT, n. [Yr.plante ; It.pianta ; L., Sp., Port., Sw.pkmta ; D. plant.] 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, having the power of propagating itself by seeds. The term is popu- larly applied to small vegetables, as herbs and shrubs. 2. A sapling. Dryden. — 3. In Scripture, a child ; a descend- ant ; the inhabitant of a country. — Ps. cxliv. 4. The sole of the foot; [little used.] 5. The fixtures and tools neces- sary to carry on any trade or mechanical business ; [local] PLANT, v. t. 1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree or a vegetable with roots. 3. To engender ; to set the germ of any thing that may increase ; as, to plant anger. — Shak. 4. To set firmly ; to fix. as a standard or flag. 5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants ; to establish, as a colony. 6. To furnish with plants ; to lay out and prepare with plants. 7. To set and direct or point, as cannon. 8. To introduce and establish. 9. To unite to Christ and fix in a state of fellowship with him. — Ps. xcii. PLANT, v. i. To perform the act of planting. — Pope. PL ANT'-CaNE, n. In the West Indies, the first yearns growth of the sugar-cane directly from the plantedslips. — Edwards. PLANT-LOUSE, n. An insect that infests plants ; a vine- fretter ; the puceron. PLANTA-BLE, a. Capable of being planted.— Edwards. f PLANTA6E, n. [L. plantago.] An herb.—- Shak. PLANTAIN (planfin), ft. [Fr.] A plant of the genus planta- go. The common plantain is found near the abode of civilized man in all parts of the world. PLANTAIN, I n. [Sp. platano.] A tree of the genus PLANTAIN-TREE, 5 musa and of the palm tribe, whose fruit forms the entire sustenance of many of the inhabit- ants of tropical climates. PLANTAL, a. Belonging to plants.— Glanville. PLANTATION, n. [L. plantatio.] 1. The act of planting or setting in the earth for growth. 2. The place planted ; ap- plied to ground planted with trees for the purpose of pro- ducing timber, or for ornament, n. [Gr. -Xedpnv.] Among the Greeks, a long PLETH'RUM, 5 measure of 100 feet ; also, a square meas- ure of 10,000 feet.— Smiths Diet. PLEu'RA, 7). [Gr.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which covers the inside of the thorax, and also invests the lungs. PLEO'RI-SY, n. [Gr. irXevpn IS) Fr. pleuresie.] An inflam- mation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside of the thorax. PLEURITIC, } a. 1. Pertaining to oleurisy. 2. Dis- PLEU-RITTC-AL, 5 eased with pleurisy! . f PLEV'IN, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assurance. PLEX'I-FORM, a. [L. plexus and form.] In the form of net- work ; complicated.— Quincy. PLEX'US, n. [L.] Any union of vessels, nerves, or fibres in the form of net-work. — Coxe. PLl-A.-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of bending or yielding to pressure or force without rupture; flexibility; pliable- PLI'A BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Easy to be bent ; that readily yields to pressure without rupture. 2. Readily yielding to mor- al influence, arguments, persuasion, or discipline.— Syn. Pliant ; flexible ; supple ; limber. PLl'A-BLE-NESS, n. Flexibility ; the quality of yielding to force or to moral influence ; pliability. "Ll'A-BLY, adv. So as to be pliable. rLl'AN-CY, n. 1. Easiness to be bent ; [in a physical sense.] 2 L Readiness to yield to moral influence. PLl'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be easily bent ; readily yielding to force or pressure without breaking. 2. That may be" easily fonncd or molded to a different shape. 3. Easily yielding to moral influence ; easy to be persuaded. Syn. Flexible ; limber ; lithe ; supple ; bending ; flexible , ductile ; tractable ; docile ; obsequious. PLl'ANT-LY, adv. Flexibly ; tractably. PLI'ANT-NESS, n. Flexibility.— Bacon. PLl'-GA, n. [L.l TriJwsis plica, or plica Polonica, is a dis ease of the hair peculiar to Poland and the neighboring countries, in which the hair becomes matted together. PLl'CATE, ? a. [L. plicatus.] Plaited ; folded like a fan PLI'Ca-TED, 5 —Lee. PLl'CATE-LY, adv. In a plicate or folded manner. PLI-CITION, n. [L. plico.] A folding or fold. * PLIC'A-TURE, n. [L. plicatura.] A fold ; a doubling. PLLED, pp. Applied to closely ; employed diligently ; urged. PLl'ERS, n. pi. [Fr. plier.] A kind of pincers by which any small thing is seized and bent. — Moxon. PLI'FORM, a. [Fr.] In the form of a fold. " 1. To PLIGHT (plite), v. t. [Sax. plihtan.] 1. To pledge ; to give as security for the performance of some act ; as, to plight one's faith, &c. 2. To weave ; to braid ; [obs.] PLIGHT (plite), n. 1. Literally, a state of being involved, [L. plicatus;] hence, perplexity, predicament, or a dis tressed state. 2. Condition ; state ; and, sometimes, good case. 3. Pledge ; gage. — Shak. 4. A fold, [L. plica ;] a double ; a plait ; [obs.] 5. A garment— CAapmara ; [obs.] PLIGHTED (plit'ed), pp. or a. Pledged. PLlGHT'ER (plifer), n. One who "pledges , that which plights. "PLIGHTING (pitting), ppr. Pledging. t PLIM, v. i. To swell. — Grose. PLINTH, n. [Gr. nXivdos.] In architecture, a flat, square member in form of a brick, which serves as the founda- tion of a column or pedestal. — In a wall, the term plinth. is applied to two or three rows of bricks which project from the face. — Gwilt. PLl'O-CENE, a. [Gr. -n-Aawv and Kaivo$.] In geology, a term applied to the most modern tertiary deposits, in which most of the fossil shells are of recent species. — Lyell. PLOD, v. i. [qu. D. plots.] 1. To travel or work siowly, or with steady, laborious diligence. 2. To study heavily with steady diligence. 3. To toil ; to drudge. PLOD'DER, n. A dull, heavy, laborious person. — Shak. PLOD'DING, ppr. 1. Traveling or laboring with slow move ment and steady diligence ; studying closely but heavily. 2. a. Diligent, but slow in contrivance or execution. PLOD'DING, n. Slow movement or study, with steadiness or persevering industry. — Pridcaux. PLOD'DING-LY, adv. With slow and steady progress. PLOT, n. [a different orthography of plat.] 1. A plat or small extent of ground. 2. A plantation laid out. 3. A plan or scheme. — 4. In surveying, a plan or draught ol a field or piece of land, works, &c., surveyed and delineated on paper. PLOT, v. t. To make a plan of; to delineate. — Carew. PLOT, n. 1. Any scheme or plan of a complicated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the accomplish- ment of some purpose, usually a mischievous one. — 2. In dramatic writings, the knot or story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents which are at last unfolded by unexpected means. 3. Deep reach of thought; ability to plot. — Syn. Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; com- bination ; contrivance. PLOT, v. i. 1. To form a scheme of mischief against anoth- er, or against a government or those who administer it 2. To contrive a plan; to scheme. — Wotton. PLOT, v. t. To plan ; to devise ; to contrive. — Dryden. PLOT'FUL, a. Abounding with plots. PLOTTED, _pp. Contrived; planned; delineated. PLOTTER, n. 1. One who plots or contrives ; a contriver, hfe — Shak. 2. A conspirator. — Dryden. ' PLOTTING, ppr. Contriving ; planning ; forming an evil design ; delineating. PLOTTING, n. 1. The act of contriving or forming schemes; 2. The act of laying down ft survey. PLOTTING-SCaLE, n. A mathematical instrument used in plotting, or setting off the lengths of lines in surveying. PLOUGH (plou). Set Plow. PL6VER (pluv'er), n. [Fr. pluvier.] The common name ol several species of birds that frequent the banks of rivers and the sea shore. Their flesh is excellent food. PLOW > (plou), n. [Norm., Sax. ploge ; D. ploeg ; Dan. PLOUGH 3 ploug, plov ; Ice. plog ; Scot, pleuch, pleugh.] 1. In agriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking, and preparing the ground for receiving the seed. — 2. Fig- uratively, tillage ; culture of the earth ; agriculture. 3. A joiner's instrument for grooving. [Plow is the spoiling of the English Bible, and is preferable, as more naturally rep- resenting the sound.] PLOW, 1 v. t. 1. To trench and turn up with a plow. 2 PLOUGH, 5 To furrow ; to divide ; to run through in sail ing ; as. to plow the seas. 3. To tear ; to furrow Shak.-- 4. In Scripture, to labor in any calling. — To plow in, to 'orce into the ground by plowing, as grass or grain. — To plow up or out, to bring to view by the plow, as a stone. Sec Synopsis. A. E, I, &c, long.—l, E, 1, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— MARINE, BiRD ;— -MOVE BQQK PLU '53 PLU PLOW- 5.LMS ) (-amz), n. A penny formerly paid by ev- PLOuGH'-ALMS 5 ery plow-land to the Church.— Cowel. PLOW-BoTE, ? 11. In English law, wood or timber al- PLOUGH'-BoTE, 5 lowed to a tenant for the repair of iir- struments of husbandry. PLOW-BOY, In. A boy who drives or guides a team in PLOUGH'-BOY, j plowing ; a rustic boy.— Watts. PLOW-LAND, > n. Land that is plowed, or suitable for PLOUGH-LAND, 5 tillage. PLOW-M6N-DAY ?(-mun-de), n. The Monday after PLOUGH'-M6N-DAY $ Twelfth-day. PLO W-SH1RE, \ n. The part of a plow which cuts the PLOUGH'-SHIRE, 5 ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to the mold-board, which turns it over. PLOW-TaIL, PLOUGH'-TaIL, PLOWA-BLE, PLOUGHA-BLE, PLOWED, PLOUGHED, FLOWER, pp. or The hind part of a plow. That may be plowed ; arable. Turned up with a plow fur- rowed TTER i n ' One who plows land ; a cultivator. PLOWING, \ppr- Turning up with a plow , furrow- PLOUGH'ING, 5 ing. PLOWING, \n. The operation of turning up ground PLOUGHING, ) with a plow. PLOWMAN, In. 1. One who plows or holds a plow. PLOUGHMAN, > 2. A cultivator of grain ; a husbandman. — Temple. 3. A rustic ; a countryman ; a hardy laborer. — Shah. PLUGK, v. t. [Sax. pluccian ; G.pflilckcn; D . plukhen ; Dan. plukker ; Fr. ephicher.) 1. To pull with sudden force or effect, or to pull oft", out, or from, with a twitch. 2. To strip by plucking ; as, to pluck a fowl. — To pluck up, to arouse courage or spirit. — Knolles ; {inelegant.'] PLUGK. n. 1. The heart, liver, and lights of an animal. — 2. In Mo figurative language, courage. — Smart. PLUCKED (plukt), pp. or a. Pulled off; stripped of feath- ers or hair. 2. A cant term at the English universities, applied to those who, for want of scholarship, are refused their testimonials for a degree. — Oxford Guide. PLUGK'ER, n. One who plucks. — Mortimer. PLUCKING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping. PLUG, n. [D.plug.] A stopple; any piece of pointed wood or other substance used to stop a hole, but larger than a peg or spile. PLUG, v. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by stopping a hole. PLUG'GING, ppr. Stopping or closing with a plug. PLUG'GING, n. A stopping or closing with a plug. PLUM, n. [Sax. plume.] 1. The well-known edible fruit of a tree belonging to the genus prunus. 2. A grape dried in the sun ; a raisin. 3. The sum of £100,000 sterling ; [England.] 4. A kind of play. — Ainsworth. PLUM'-CIKE, n. Cake containing raisins, currants, or other fruit. PLUM'-PlE, n. A pie containing plums. PLUM~POR'RID6E, n. Porridge with plums.— Addison. PLUM-PUD'DING, n. Pudding containing raisins or cur- rants. PLUM'-TREE, n. A tree that produces plums. PLu'MAdE, n. [Fr.] The feathers that cover a bird. i PLUMB (plum), n. [Fr. plomb ; Sp. plomo.] A mass of lead attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular position of buildings and the like. I PLUMB (plum), a. Perpendicular, that is, standing accord- ing to a plumb-line. I PLUMB (plum), adv. 1. In a perpendicular direction ; in a line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Direct- ly ; suddenly ; at once , as, to fall plumb ; commonly pro- nounced plump. 1 PLUMB (plum), v. t. 1. To adjust by a plumb-line ; to set in a perpendicular direction. 2. [W. plymiaw.] To sound with a plummet, as the depth of water. — Swift ; [little used.] I f LUMB'-LlNE (plum'-lme), n. 1. A line perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. A line having a weight at- tached to its end, used to determine a perpendicular ; a plummet. i PLUMB'-RuLE (plum'-), n. A narrow board having a plumb-line suspended from its top, and a perpendicular mark through its middle, used by builders to determine a perpendicular. PLUM-Ba'(JIN, n. A crystallizable substance extracted from the root of the plumbago Europcza, or leadwort. PLUM BAgTN-OUS, a. Resembling plumbago ; consisting of plumbago, or partaking of its properties. p LUM-Ba'GO, n. [L.] A mineral consisting of carbon, usu- ally with a little iron ; used for pencils, &c. ; popularly called black-lead. PLUMTiE-AN, \a. 1. Consisting of lead ; resembling lead. PLUM'BE-OUS, 5 2. Dull ; heavy ; stupid.— J. P. Smith. FLUMBED (plumd), pp. Adjusted by a plumb-line. f'LUMB'ER (plum'mer), n. One who works in lead. PLUMB'ER-Y (plum'mer-y), n. 1. Works In lead ; mam; factures of lead ; the place where lead Is wrought. V. The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheet* and pipes of lead. PLUM'BIG, a. Pertaining to or containing lead. PLUM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. plumbum and fero.] Producii^ or containing lead. — Kirwan. PLUMBING (plum'ming), ppr. Adjusting by a plumb-line. PLUMBING, n. The art of casting and working in lead, and using it in building. — Gwilt. PLuME, n. [Fr. plume.] 1. The feather of a bird ; partxeu larly, a large feather. 2. A feather worn as an ornament ; particularly, an ostrich's feather. 3. Pride ; towering mien. — SJiak. 4. Token of honor ; prize of contest — Milton. PLuME, } n. In botany, the ascending scaly part of the PLu'MULE, > heart of a seed, which becomes the stem. PLuME, v. i. 1. To pick and adjust plumes or feathers. 2. To strip of feathers ; as, carnivorous animals will not take pains to plume the birds they devour. 3. To strip ; to peel. — Bacon. 4. To set as a plume ; to set erect. 5. To adorn with feathers or plumes. — Shah. 6. To pride ; to value ; to boast ; as, to plume one's self. PLuME-AL'UM, n. [L. alumen plumosum] Feathery or fibrous alum. PLuME'LESS, a. Without feathers or plumes. PLtJME'LET, n. 1. A small plume.— Kirby. 2. A little plu- mule. PLU-MId'ER-OUS, a. [L. pluma and gero.] Feathered; having feathers. PLU-MIL'I-FORM, a. Having the shape of a plume or feath- er. — Dana. PLu'MI-PED, a. Having feet covered with feathers. PLU'MI-PED, n. [L. pluma and pes.] A bird that has feath- ers on its feet. — Diet. PLUM'MET, n. [Sp. plomada.] 1. A long piece of lead at tached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. 2. An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjust ing erections to a perpendicular line, and, with a square, to determine a horizontal line. [It is usually a piece of lead at the end of a string.] 3. Any weight. 4. 'A piece of lead used by school-boys to rule their paper for writing. PLUM'MING, n. Among miners, the operation of sounding or searching to find the place where to sink an air-shaft, &c. PLu'MoSE, )a. [L. plumosus.] 1. Feathery; resembling PLtJ'MOUS, $ feathers. — 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one that has hairs growing on the sides of the main bristle. PLU-MOS'I-TY, n. The state of having feathers. PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp ; Sw. plump ; D. plomp ; G. plump.] 1. Full ; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size ; fat ; having a full skin ; round. 2. Full ; blunt ; unreserved ; unqualified, as a lie. PLUMP, n. A knot ; a cluster ; a clump ; a number of things closely united, or standing together. — Dryden. PLUMP, v. t. 1. To swell ; to extend'to fullness ; to dilate •, to fatten ; [colloquial.] — 2. To plump a vote ; see Plumper. PLUMP, v. i. [G. plumpen.] 1. To plunge or fall like a heavy mass or lump of dead matter ; to fall suddenly or at once. 2. To enlarge to fullness ; to be swelled. PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily ; at once, or with a sud- den, heavy fall. — Ben Jonson. PLUMPED (plumpt), pp. Swelled ; extended in fullness. PLUMP'ER, n. 1. Something carried in the mouth to dilate the cheeks ; any thing intended to swell out something else. — 2. In English elections, a vote given to one candi- date only, when two or more are to be elected, thus giv* ing him the advantage over the others. He who gives his vote thus is said to plump his vote. — Smart. 3. A full, un- qualified lie ; [in vulgar use.] PLUMP'LY, adv. Fully ; roundly ; without reserve. PLUMPNESS, n. Fullness of skin ; distention to roundness. PLUMP'Y, a. Plump ; fat ; jolly.— Shah. [Not elegant.] PLu'MULE, n. [L. plumula,] The ascending scaly part of the embryo plant, which becomes the stem. PLuM'Y, a. [from plume.] 1. Feathered; covered with feathers. — Milton. 2. Adorned with plumes. PLUNDER, v. t. [G. plundern.] 1. To take the goods of an enemy by open force. 2. To take by pillage or open force. 3. To take from by robbery.— Syn. To pillage; spoil; despoil ; sack ; rifle ; strip ; rob. PLUN'DER, ii. 1. That which is taken from an enemy by force. 2. That which is taken by theft, robbery, or fraud. — Syn. Pillage ; prey ; spoil ; rapine ; booty. PLUN'DER-AGE, n. in law, the embezzlement of goods on board a ship.— Bouvier. PLUNDERED, pp. or a. Pillaged ; robbed. PLUN'DER-ER, n. 1. A hostile pillager ; a spoiler. 2. A thief ; a robber. — Addison. PLUN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Pillaging ; robbing, PLUNGE, v. t. [Fr. plonger.] 1. To thrust into water or other fluid substance, or into any substance that is pene- trable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive into flesh, an inflammation of the lungs. PNEu-MON'IC, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonic. PNEu-MONTG, n. A medicine for affections of the lungs. Coxe. PNEu-MO-NIT'IG, a. Pertaining to pneumonitis. PNEu-MO-Nl'TIS, n. Inflammation of the lungs. [This is _fhe most correct and appropriate term for this disease.] Po'A, n. [Gr. rroa.] In botany, a genus of grasses. PoACH, v. t. [Ft. pocher.] 1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into a vessel of boning water. They are also often broken into a sauce-pan with butter, and constantly stirred while over the fire, until cooked. 2. To begin and not complete. — Bacon; [obs.] 3. To tread soft^ground, or enow and water, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or soft substance, and leave deep tracks ; [New England.) 4. To steal game ; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and convey it away in a bag ; [England.] 5. To steal ; to plunder by stealth. PoACH, v. t. [Corn, pokhia.] To stab ; to pierce ; to spear. [England..] PoACH, r. t. To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft _ground. — Mortimer. PoACH'ARD, \n. The English name of certain species oi PoCHARD, > diving ducks, like the canvass-back duck of North America. They are properly fresh-water ducks, _but in winter are found on the sea-coast. PoACHED (pocht), pp. or a. Sligbi)y boiled or softened ; jrodden with deep footsteps ; stolen. PoACH'ER, n. One who steals game. — More. PoACHl-NESS, n. Wetness and softness ; the state of lte ing easily penetrable by the feet of beasts. PoACH'ING. ppr. Boiling slightly ; stealing game. PoACHING, n. The act or employment of a poacher PoACHY, a. Wet and soft; such as the feet of cattle wfll penetrate to some depth, as land. POCK, n. [Sax. poc or pocc; D. pok ; G. pocke.] A pustule raised on the surface of the body in the variolous and vac- cine diseases, named, from the pustules, small-pox. PO€»K-H6LE, n. The pit or scar made by a pock. POOR-MARK, ?i. Mark or scar made by the small-pox. tPO€K'ARR£D, a. See Pockfketten. POCK'ET, n. [Ft. pochette.] 1. A small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small articles. 2. A small bag or net to receive the balls in billiards. 3. A certain quantity as. a pocket of hops, which is about 160 lbs. POCKET, v. t. 1. To put or conceal in the pocket 2. T? take clandestinely. — To pocket an insult or affront, Ut re- ceive it without seeking redress ; [in popular use.] POCK'ET-BOOK, n, A small book of paper covered with leather ; used, for carrying papers in the pocket POCK'ET-GLISS, n. A portable looking-glass. POCK'ET-HoLE, n. The opening into a pocket POCK'ET-LID, n. The flap overrti^ pocket-hoie. POCKET-M6N-EY (-mun-ne), n. Money for the pecket o for occasional expenses. POCK'ET-ED, pp. Put or concealed in the pocks. POCK'ET-ING, ppr. Puftins in the pocket. POGKTRET-TEN, a. Pitted with the small-pox POCK'I-NESS, n. The state of being pocky. POCK'WOOD, n. LiCTuin-vitse, a very hard wood. POCKY, a.' 1. Infected with the small-pox; full of pocks 2. Vile ; rascally ; mischievous ; contemptible ; [in mclgu use.] Po'-GO. [It.] In music, a little. PO-€o'SON, n. Reclaimed marsh.- Wtshington. [Vir- ginia.] t POC'U-LENT. a. [L. poculentus.] Fit fc d> *nk. * See Synopsis. A, E, *. fee, long.— a, E, I, sounds. — 15. In modern music, a dot placed at th. rigbl hand of a note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half. — 16. In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon and of the mariner's compass. — 17. In astron- omy, a certain place marked in the heavens, or distinguish ed for its importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and nadir are called vertical points. — 18. In perspcct- ive, a certain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane. — 19. In main/factories, a lace or \vork wrought by the needle. 20. The place to which any thing is directed^ or the direction in which an object is presented to tba eye. 21. Particular ; single tiling or subject. 22. Aim , purpose ; thing to be reached or accomplished. 23. Tha act of aiming or striking. — Shak. 24. A single position ; a single assertion ; a single part of a complicated question or of a whole ; as, to prove the point. 25. A note or tune ; as, a point of war. Shak. — 26. In heraldry, points are the several different parts of the escutcheon, denoting the local positions of figures. — 27. In electricity, the acute term- ination of a body which facilitates the passage of the fiuid to or from the body. — 28. In gunnery, point-blank shot de- notes the shot of a gun leveled horizontally. — 29. In ma- rine language, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering from the middle toward each end. — Point devise, [Fr.] originally, a particular sort of patterned lace, or a device worked with a point or needle ; hence, something uncommonly nice and exact ; also spelled point device ; exactly in the point of view. SJiak. — Vowelpoints. in the Shemitic languages, certain marks or signs to represent vowels, placed above or below, or after the letters which represent consonants. — The point, the subject; the main question ; the precise thing to be considered ; as, a speech to the point. POINT, v. t. 1. To sharpen ; to cut, forge, grind, or file to an acute end. 2. To direct toward an object or place, to show its position, or excite attention to it. 3. To direct the eye or notice. 4. To aim ; to direct toward an object. 5. To mark with characters for the purpose of distinguish- ing the members of a sentence, and designating the pauses. 6. To mark with vowel-points. 7. To appoint. — Spenser ; [obs.] 8. To fill the joints of with mortar, and smooth them with the point of a trowel. — To point out, to show by the finger or by other means. — To point a rope, to cause it to taper at the end, as by taking out a few of its yarns, and with these working a mat over it, so that it may pass easily through a hole.— 7b point a sail, to affix points through the eyelet-holes of the reefs. — To point the yards of a vessel, to brace them so that the wind shall strike them obliquely. POINT, v. i. 1. To direct the finger for designating an ob- ject and exciting attention to it. 2. To indicate, as dogs do to sportsmen. 3. To show distinctly by any means. 4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar. — To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to. POINT-BLANK, a. [Fr.] 1. In gunnery, having a horizon- tal direction ; as, a point-blank shot. Hence, 2. Direct ; as, a point-blank denial. 3. adv. Horizontally ; directly. POINTAL, 7i. In botany, the pistil of a plant POINT £>'.4P'P£/7(pwa dap'pue). [Fr.] Point of support , base ; a fixed point at which troops form, and on which operations rest. POINTED, pp. or a. 1. Sharpened ; formed to a point ; directed ; aimed ; marked with points ; filled with mortar, as crevices. 2. Aimed at a particular person or transao- tion. 3. a. Sharp ; having a sharp point. 4. Character- ized by keenness or epigrammatic al smartness, as rebuke. POINTED-LY, adv. 1. In a pointed manner; with lively turns of thought or expression. 2. With direct assertion ; with direct reference to a subject ; with explicitness. POINT'ED-NESS, n. 1. Sharpness ; pickedness with asper- ity. 2. Epigrammatical keenness or smartness. POINT'EL, 7i. 1. Something on a point. 2. A kind of pen- cil or style. — Wickliffe. POINTER, 7i. 1. Any thing that points. 2. The hand of a time-piece. 3. A variety of dog trained to stop and point out the game to sportsmen. POINTING, £p\ 1. Directing the finger ; showing; direct- ing. 2. Marking with points, as a writing. 3. Filling the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or cement. POINTING, 7i. 1. The art of making the divisions of a writing ; punctuation. 2. The state of being pointed with marks, or of having points. 3. The act of filling the crev- ices of a wall with mortar, 7i. [Sp. polacre; Fr. polacre. polaque.] A ves- PO-La'€RE, ) sel with three masts, each of one piece, so that they have neither tops, caps, nor cross-trees to the upper yards ; used in the Mediterranean. — Buchanan. Po'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire ; It. polare; Sp. polar.] 1. Pertain- ing to the poles of the earth, north or south, or to the poles of artificial globes ; situated near one of the poles. 2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the poles. 3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the magnetic needle is directed. ?OL'AR-€HY, 7i. [Gr. ttoAvj and apxv-] Government, by a number of persons. PO-LAR'I-S€OPE, n. An instrument used in exhibiting the phenomena of the polarization of light— Francis. PO-LAR'I-TY, n. That quality of a body, in virtue of which peculiar properties reside in certain points ; usually, as in electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction or repulsion, or the power of taking: a certain direction. The property of pointing to the poles of the earth, which is peculiar to the magnetic needle. A mineral is said to possess polarity when 3t attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and repels the other. P5-LAR iZ'A-BLE, a. Susceptible of polarization. Po-LAR-I-Zl'TION, 72. The act of giving polarity to a body ; the state of having polarity. — Polarization of light, a change produced upon lig ht by the action of certain media, by * Sec Synopsis. 1, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, F ALL, WH AT ;— PR E Y ;— M ARINETb tRD ;— iV -> VE, BOOK. which it exhibits the appearance of having polarity, or poles possessing different properties. Po'LAR-IZE, v. t. To communicate polarity to. Po'L AR-lZ E D, pp. or a. Having polarity communicated tc. Po'LAR-lZ-ING v ppr. Giving polarity to. Po'LAR- Y, a. Tending to a pole ; having a direction to a pole. — Brown. PoL'DER, n. [D.] In Holland and Belgium, a tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by means of high embank jnents.— P. Cyc. POLE, n. [Sax. pol, pal ; D. paal; Dan. pal; W.pawl; L. palus.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood, or the stem of a small tree deprived of its branches. 2. A rod ; a perch ; a measure of length, of five yards and a half, or a square measure of 30^ square yards. 3. An instrument for meas- uring. — Bare poles. A ship is under bare poles when her ^ails are all furled. — Mar. Diet. PoLE, n. [Fr. pole ; It., Sp. polo.] 1. In astronomy, one of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere revolves. — 2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere ; or it is a point 90° distant from the plane of a circle, and in a line passing perpendicularly through the center, called the axis. — 3. In geography,' the extremity of the earth's axis. 4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the earth. — Magnetic poles, two points in a magnet in which the power seems to be chiefly concentrated. POLE, n. [from Poland.] A native of Poland. PoLE, v. t. 1. To furnish with poles for support. 2. To bear or convey on poles. 3. To impel by poles, as a boat ; to push forward by the use of poles. PoLE'- AX, 7i. An ax fixed to a pole or handle ; or, rather, a sort of hatchet with a handle about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bending downward from the _back of its head. PoLE'-Da-VY, n. A sort of coarse cloth. — Ainsworth. PoLE'-STaR, n. 1. A star which is vertical, or nearly so, to the pole of the earth ; a lode-star. 2. That which serves _as a guide or director. PoLE'GAT, n. The popular name of two small carnivorous quadrupeds of Europe, nearly allied to the weasel, and having small glands which secrete a fetid liquor ; the fit- chew or fitchet. POL'E-MaRCH (-mark), n. [Gr. Tto\enapxo5-] In Athens, originally, the military commander-in-chief; but afterward, a civil magistrate-, charged with the protection and super- intendence of the resident aliens. There were also, in Sparta, Thebes, and other parts of Greece, polemarchs who were high officers, exercising both military and civil func- tions. — Smith's Diet. PO-LEMTG, n. A disputant ; a controvertist. — Pope. PO-LEM'IC, ? a. [Gr. ttoA^kos.] 1. Controversial ; dis- PO-LEMTO-AL, 5 putative ; intended to maintain an opin- ion or system in opposition to others. 2. Engaged in sup- porting an opinion or system by controversy. PO-LEM'ICS, 7i. Contest or controversy, especially on re' ligious subjects. PO-LEM'0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. toAejuos and uko-cu.] An ob- lique perspective glass, contrived for seeing objects that do not lie directly before the eye.—Hutton. PO-LEN'TA, n. {It.] In Italy, pudding made of the flour _of maize ; formerly ground chestnuts were used. — Artoni. Po'LEY-GRaSS. n. A plant of the genus lythrum. PO'LEY-MOUNT'AIN, n. A plant of the genus teucrium PO-LI-AN'THeS, n. [Gr. ttoAis, a city, and avQoS,, a flower.] The name of a genus of plants, one species of which, P. tuberosa, is cultivated for its flowers, under the absurd name of tuberose, a vicious pronunciation of its specific name. PO-LlCE' (PC-lees'), n. [Fr. ; L.politia.] 1. The government of a city or town; the administration of the laws and regulations of a city or incorporated town or borough. 2. The internal regulation and government of a kingdom or state. — Blackstone. 3. A body of civil officers, especial- ly in cities, for enforcing the laws. PO-LiiCE'-OF'FI-CER n. An officer intrusted with the exe cution of the laws of a city. PO-LiCED' (-leesf), la. Regulated by laws; furnished POL'I-CLED (-sid), 5 with a regular system of laws and administration. — Bacon. — Burke. PO-LifCE'MAN, n. One of the ordinary police. POL'I-CY, 7i. [Fr. police ; L. politia.] 1. The art or manner of governing a nation ; or that system of measures which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as best adapted to the interests of the nation. 2. The course or management of public affairs with respect either to foreign powers or to internal arrangement. — 3. In common usage, prudence or wisdom in rulers or individuals in the man- agement of public or private concerns. 4. Stratagem ; cunning; dexterity of management. 5. [It. poiizza.] A ticket or warrant for money in the public funds. — 6. [Sp poliza.] Policy, in commerce, the writing or instrument by which a contract of indemnity is effected between the in- POL 757 POL Bincr and the insured. — 7. In Scotland, the pleasure-ground about a gentleman's seat. POL'ING, to. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the worm-casts all over the walks, with long ash poles. PoLTNG, ppr 1. Furnishing with poles for support. 2. Bearing on poles. 3. Pushing forward with poles, as a boat Po'LISH, a. Pertaining to Poland. POL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. polir, polissant.] 1. To make smooth and glossy, usually by friction. 2. To refine ; to wear off rudeness, rusticity, and coarseness ; to make elegant and polite. POL'ISH, v. i. To become smooth ; to receive a gloss ; to take a smooth and glossy surface. POL'ISH, n. 1. A smooth, glossy surface produced by fric- tion. 2. Refinement; elegance of manners. POLTSH-A-BLE, a. Capable of being polished. POLTSHi?D (pol'isht), pp. or a. Made smooth and glossy ; refined; polite. fPOL'ISH-ED-NESS, to. 1. State of being polished or of being refined or elegant. — Donne. — Coventry. POL'ISH-ER, to. The person or instrument that polishes. POL'ISH-ING, ppr. or a. Making smooth and glossy ; refin- ing. POL'ISH-ING, to. 1. The act of making smooth and glossy, or of refining manners. 2. Smoothness ; glossiness ; re- finement. — Goldsmith. POL1SH-MENT, n. Refinement.— Waterkouse. PO-LlTE', a. [L. politus.] 1. Literally, smooth, glossy, and used in this sense till within a century ; [obs.] 2. Haviag elegance or refinement of manners. 3. Characterized by courtesy, as manners. — Syn. Polished; refined; well-bred; courteous; obliging; complaisant; affable; urbane; civ- il; courtly; elegant; genteel. PO-LlTE'LY, adv. With elegance of manners ; genteelly ; courteously. PO-LlTE'NESS, to. 1. Polish or elegance of manners ; ease and gracefulness of manners, combined with attention to the convenience of others. 2. Obliging attentions.— Syn. Good breeding ; refinement ; urbanity ; courteousness ; affability , complaisance ; courtesy; civility ; gentility ; courtliness. POL-LTESSE :-tess'), to. [Fr.] Politeness. [An affected word, unless when applied, by way of contempt, to over- acted politeness. — Smart.] POL'I-TI€, a. [L. politicus. . Originally, this word was the same as political, but it is not so now, except in the phrase body politic] 1. Exercising sagacity in devising and pur- suing measures adapted to promote the public welfare. 2. Well de-vised and adapted to the public prosperity. 3. Ingenious in devising and pursuing any scheme of per- sonal or national aggrandizement, or in adapting means to the end, whether good or evil. 4. Well devised; adapted to its end, right or wrong. — Syn. Wise; prudent; saga- cious ; discreet ; provident ; wary ; artful ; cunning. PO-LIT'I€-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to policy, or to civil gov- ernment and its administration. 2. Pertaining to a nation or state, or to nations or states, as distinguished from civil or municipal; as in the phrase, political and civil rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a nation, or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a nation, and the latter comprehending the local rights of a corporation or any member of it. 3. Public ; derived from office or connection with government. 4. Artful ; skillful ; [see Politic] 5. Treating of politics or government. Paley. — Political economy, the administration of the revenues of a nation ; or the management and regulation of its resour- ces and productive property and labor ; also, the science which treats of these subjects. ! PO-LITIC-AL-LY, adv. 1. With relation to the government of a nation or state. 2. With relation to politics. 3. Art- fully ; with address ; [obs.] 1 *>0-LITTC-AS-TER, n. A petty politician. POL-I-TI"CIAN (-tish'an), a Cunning ; usina: artifice. 1 POL-I-TI"CIAN, n. [Fr. politician.] 1. One versed in the science of government and the art of governing ; one de- voted to politics. 2. A man of artifice or deep contrivance. fOLl-TIC-LY, adv. Artfully ; cunningly.— Shak. POL'I-TICS, n. [Fr. politique.] 1. The science of govern- ment ; that part of ethics which consists in the regulation and government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its safety, peace, and prosperity. — 2. In a looser sense, political^ affairs, or the contests of parties for power. ' POL'I-TlZE, v. i. To play the politician.— Milton. rOLI-TURE, n. Polish ; the gloss given by polishing. ?0L1-TY, n. [Gr. voXirua.] 1. The form or constitution of civil government of a nation or state. 2. The consti- tution or general fundamental principles of government flf any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate char- acter, or as a subordinate state. ff oL'KA, n. A fashionable Hungarian dance. **5LL n. [D. bol.] 1. The head of a person, or the back part of the head. 2. A register of heads, that is, of per- D<*»VE^-ByLL7tJNITE ;— AN"GER. VrcTOTTS^C Ta7 6ons.- S7ia-k. 3. The entry of the names of electors who vote for civil officers. Hen^e, 4. An election of civil olh cers, or the place of election. 5. A fish called a chub or chevin ; see Pollard. PoLL, v. t. 1. To lop the tops of trees.— Bacon. 2. To clip . to cut off the ends ; to cut of!" hair or wool ; to shear. 3. To mow ; to crop ; [obs.] 4. To peel ; to strip ; to plun- der ; [obs.\ 5. To take a list or register of persons ; to enter names in a list. 6. To enter one's name in a list or register. 7. To insert into a number, as a voter. — Tickel. 8. Tobring to the polls ; as, to poll votes. PoLL'-E-V/L, n. A swelling or aposteme on a horse's head, or on the nape of the neck between the ears. PoLL'-TAX, n. A tax levied by the poll or head ; a capta- tion tax. POL'LACK, \ n. A salt-water fish of the cod family, cloaely POL'LOCK, 5 allied to the whiting and coal-fish. POL'LARD, n. 1. A tree having its top cut off at scxio height above the ground, that it may throw out brar.cke*. 2. A clipped coin.— Camden. 3. The chub fish. 4. A ste$ that has cast his horns. 5. A mixture of bran and meal. POL'LARD, v. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to poll. FOL'LARD-ED, pp. Lopped. POLL.ED (pold), pp. 1. Lopped, astop6 of trees. [See Poll.] 2. Brought to the poll, as votes. POL'LEN, n. [L. pollen, pollis.] 1. The fecundating du«t, or fine substance like flour or meal, contained in the an- ther of flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma for im- pregnation ; farina. 2. Fine bran.— Bailey. POL-LEN-a'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of meal. t POL'LEN-dER, to. Brushwood.— Tusser. POL'LEN-IN, w- A substance obtained from the pollen ol PoLL'ER, n. [from poll.] 1. One who shaves persons ; a barber ; [obs.] 2. One who lops or polls trees. 3. A pil- lager ; a plunderer ; one who fleeces by exaction ; [obs.] 4. One who registers voters, or one who enters his name as a voter. POL-LIC-I-TaTION, to. [L. pollicitation A promise; a vol- untary engagement, ?r a paper containing it. POL-LINCTOR, n. [L ] One who prepares materials for embalming the dead ; a kind of undertaker. POLLING, ppr. 1. Lopping, as the tops of trees. 2. Regis- tering one's name as a voter. [See Poll.] 3. Bringing to the poll, as votes. POL-LI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pollen and fero.] Producing pollen. POL'LI-WIG, to. A tadpole. Forby. — In America, polliwog. Forby thinks it to be from periwig. POL'LOCK, n. A fish, the pollack, which see. POL-LuTE', v. t. [L. polluo ; Fr. polluer.] 1. To make foul or unclean. — Among the Jews, to make unclean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense. 2. To infect with guilt. 3. To profane ; to use for carnal or idolatrous purposes. 4. To infect or impair by mixture of ill, moral or physical. 5. To violate by illegal sexual commerce. — Syn. To defile ; soil ; contaminate ; corrupt ; taint ; vitiate ; debauch ; dis- honor ; ravish ; abuse. POL-LuTE', a. Polluted ; defiled.— MiUon POL-LuT'ED, pp. or a. Defiled ; rendered unclean ; tainted with guilt ; impaired ; profaned. POL-LuTED-LY, adv. In a state of pollution.— Heywood. POL-LuTED-NESS, to. The state of being polluted ; defile- ment POL-LuTER, to. A defiler ; one who pollutes or profanes. POL-LuTING, ppr. 1. Defiling ; rendering unclean ; cor- rupting ; profaning. 2. a. Defiling or having a tendency to defile. POL-LuTING-LY, adv. With pollution. POL-LU'TION, to. [L. pollutio ; Fr. pollution.] 1. The act of polluting. 2. The state of being polluted. — 3. In tho Jewish economy, the state of being legally or ceremonially unclean. — 4. In medicine, the emission of semep in sleep, — 5. In a religious sense, guilt, the effect of sin ; idolatry, — Syn. Defilement , pollutedness ; contamination ; vitia- tion ; taint ; corruption ; uncleanness ; impurity ; viola* tion ; debauchment POL'LUX, to. [L.J 1. A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini or the Twins. 2. See Castor. PO-LO-NaISE', In. A robe or dress adopted from the PO-LO-NeSE', 3 fashion of the Poles; sometimes worn by ladies. PO-LO-NeSE', to. The Polish language.— Encyc. PO-LO-NOISE' (po-lo-naze'), n. In music, a movement of three crotchets in a bar, with the rhythmical csesura on _the last PoLT, to. [Sw. bulta.] A blow, stroke, or striking.— Haiti- well. [A word in common use in New England.] t PoLT'-FOOT, to. A distorted foot.— Herbert. t PoLT'-FOOT-ED, a. Having distorted feet— Ben Jon son. POL-TROON', to. [Fr. poltron ; It poltrone.] An arrant coward ; a dastard ; a wretch without spirit or courage. POL-TROON', a. Base ; vile ; contemptible. — Hammond. K ; 6 as J ; SasZ; CHas SHT^Hl^lnTASTT Obsolete. l'Oi 753 POL, P(l L-Ti{ i -N 1 It s , «. Cowardice ; baseness of mind ; want ft spirit. POL'VE-KIME, « [i pwfeis ; It polverino.] The calcined ashes of eu aikalim. plant, used in making glass. Po'LY, in. [l,.polu>n.] An evergreen undershrub found Po'LEY, 1 near th» Mediterranean. — Loudon POL/Y, ir compound words, is from, the Greek noXvS, and signifies mw.y ; as in polygon, a figure of many angles. POL-V-A-COL'S'TIC, a. [Gr. noXvg and okovw.] That multi- plies or magnifies sound; as a noun, an instrument to multiply sounds. POL-Y-A-DEL'PHI-A, n.pl. [Gr. ttoXvS and aSeXQog.] In &o£- atiif, a class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles bv filaments. — Linnaus. POL-Y A .-DEI/PHI- AN, \a. Having stamens united in three POL-Y -A ■ DEL'PHOUS, 5 or more bundles. POL-Y-AN'DRI-A, n. pi. [Gr. noXvS and avnp.] In botany, a class of hermaphrodite plants having many stamens, or more than twenty, arising immediately from below the ovary. POL Y-AN 'DRI-AN, ? a. Having many stamens, or more POL-Y AN'DROUS, ) than twenty, arising immediately from be.ow the ovary. POL-Y AN'DRY, n. The practice of females having more husbands than one at the same time ; plurality of hus- bands. POL-Y-AN'TIIUS, n. [Gr. noXvS and avdoc,.] An ornament- al plant, a variety of the primrose. POL'Y-aR€H-Y, n. [Gr. iroXvg and apxv-] Any form of government in which many rule. PQL-Y-AU-TOGRA-PHY, n. [Gr. noXvS, avros, and ypaim, color.] In mineralogy, exhibiting a play of colors. — Mohs. POL-Y-€0-TYL-E'DON, n. [Gr. noXvS and tcoTvXq&m'.] In botany, a plant that has many or more than two cotyl- edons or lobes to the seed. POL-Y-GO-TYL-E'DON-OUS, a. Having more than two lobes to the seed. POL-Y-E'DRON, ) „ „ , „ POL-Y-K'DROUS S Polyhedron and Polyhedral. POL-Y-GI'MI-A, n. pi. [Gr. 7t>Aik and yapiog.] In botany, a class of plants bearing hermaphrodite flowers, with male or female flowers, or both. POL-Y-Ga'MI-AN, > a. In botany, producing hermaphrodite PO-LYG'A-MOUS, 5 flowers, with male or female flowers, or botn . PO-LYG'A-MiST, n. A person who practices polygamy or maintains its lawfulness. — Hammond. PO-LYGA-MOUS, a. 1. Consisting of polygamy.— Encyc. 2. Inclined to polygamy ; having a plurality of wives. PO-LYG'A-MY, n. [Gr. ttoXvS and ya/xog.] A plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; or the having of such plurality. POL'Y-GaR, n. In Hindostan, an inhabitant of the woods. POL-Y-GASTRIC, a. [Gr. -xoXvg, many, and yaarnp, stom- ach.] Having many stomachs. POL-Y-GAS'TRIC, n. An animal having many stomachs, as some of the infusories.— Bell. PO-LYG'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. iroXvS and yevoS.] Consisting of many kinds.— Kirwcm. POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr ttoAus and yAcorra.] Having or con- taining many languages ; as, a polyglot Bible. POL'Y-GLOT, n. 1. A book containing many languages ; [applied particularly to the Bible.] 2. One who under- stands many languages ; [obs.] POL'Y-GON, n. [Gr. rfoAws and ywvc;.] In geometry, a plane figure of many angles and consequently of many sides ; particularly, one having more than four angles or sides. PnTYr'nS'nVfq } a ' H f ing many - angles ' Lce — Pol V3- ru-L,YljUiN-UUb, > onal numbers, in arithmetic, the suc- cessive sums of a series of numbers in arithmetical pro- gression.- Brande. PO-LYG'ON-UM : n. [Gr. iroXvs and yovv.] In botany, a ge- nus of plants having many joints, as buckwheat, &c. POL-Y-GON-OM'E-TRY. n. [polygon, and Gr. p £T p«y.] The doctrine of polygons. — Brande. ?OL'Y-GRAM, n. [Gr. noXvs and ypa^a.] &. figure consist- ing of many lines. — Barlow. POLT-GRAPH, n. An instrument for multiplying copies of a writing with ease and expedition. POL-Y-GRAPHTC, \a. 1. Pertaining to polygraphy. 2 POL-Y-GRAPH'IC-AL, 5 Done with a polygraph. PO LYG'RAPHY, n. [Gr. rcoXvg and j pa(pn-1 The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same. POL-Y-6YN'I-A, n. pi. [Gr. ttoXvS and yvvn-] In botany, au order of plants having many styles. POT Y 6YNT AN 1 PO-LY6'YN-OUs' S °" In botan y' havin § many styles. PO-LYG'Y-NY, n. [Gr. iroXvg and yvvrj.] The practice of hav- ing more wives than one at the same time. PO-L?'HA-LITE, n. [Gr. ttoAuS and aXg.] A red mineral, composed principally of the sulphates of lime, potash, and magnesia. POL-Y-He'DRAL, > a. Having many sides ; as a solid POL-Y-He'DROUS, j body. POL-Y-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rroAuf and f}pa.] 1. In geometry, a body or solid contained by many sides or planes. — 2. In optics, a polyscope or multiplying glas3. t PO-LYL'O-GY, n. [Gr. noXvs and XoyoS.] A talking much ; talkativeness ; garrulity. POL-Y-MATH'IC, a. Pertaining to polymathy. PO-LYM'A-THY, n. [Gr. noXvs and padr/aig.] The knowl- edge of many arts and sciences ; varied learning. POL-Y-MIG'NlTE, n. [Gr. itoXvg and p.iyvopi.] A black, shining mineral, containing titanic acid, zirconia, yttria, oxyds ofcerium and iron, &c. — Dana. POL YM-NlTE, n. A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marshes, &o. POL'Y-MORPH, n. [Gr. iroXvs and fxopj>n.] A name given to a numerous tribe or series of shells. POL-Y-MORPH'OUS, a. Having many forms. POL'Y-NEME, n. A sea fish, of the perch family, having a scaly head. — Pennant. POL-Y-Ne'SIA, n. [Gr. noXvS and vrjaog.] A term in geog- raphy, used to designate numerous groups of isles in the Pacific Ocean, especially near the tropics. POL-Y-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia. POL-Y-No'MI-AL, n. [Gr. iroXvg and ovojjlu.] In algebra, a quantity consisting of many terms. POL-Y-Nf)'MI-AL, a. Containing many terms or names. POL-Y-ON'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. voXvS and ovoixa.] Having many names or titles ; many-titled. — Sir W. Jones. POL-\ -ON'O-MY, n. Variety of difterent names.— Faber. POL-Y-OPTRON, \n. [Gr. ttoXvS and onropiai.] A glass POL-Y-OP'TRUM, 5 through which objects appear multi- plied, but diminished. — Hutton.— Brande. POL-Y-O-Ri'MA, n. [Gr. noXvS and ofafia.] A view of many objects. POL'YP, n. [Gr TvXvnovg.] An aquatic animal of the radi- ate type, havkig in general a cylindrical body, at one ex- tremity of which there is a mouth, surrounded by one or more series of arms or tentacles. These animals form coral by a secretion of calcareous matter. — Dana. POLT-PA-RY, n. [polyp, and L.pario.] A name sometimes given to coral, because formed by polyps. — Dana. POL-Y-PET'AL-OUS, a. [Gr. noXvs and -traXov.) In bot- any, having many petals. — Marty n. PO-LYPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. ttoAuj and POM 759 PON POLT-SPAST, n. [Sp. polispastos.] A machine consisting of many pulleys. — Diet. POLT- SPERM, n, [fir. ™XuS and anepixa.] A tree whose fruit contains many seeds. — Evelyn. POL-YSPERM'UUS, a. Containing many seeds. POL'Y-ST?LE, n. [Gr. mXvs and otvXoS.] A term denoting an edifice whose columns are too numerous to be readily counted. POL-Y-SYL-LAB'I€, \ a. Pertaining to a polysyllable ; POL-Y-SYL-LAB'I€-AL, J consisting of many syllables, or of more than three. POL'Y-SYL-LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rroXvS and ovXXa6r).] A word of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables than three. POL-Y-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. noXvcvvSeroS.] A figure of rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated. FOL-Y-TE€H'NI€, n. [Gr. nuXvS and rexvv-] Compre- nending many arts ; applied particularly to a school in which many branches of art or science are taught. POL-Y-THAL'A-MOUS, a. [Gr. noXvS and %Xai*oS.] Many- chambered ; applied to cephalopods having multilocular shells.— P. Cyc. * POL'Y-THE-ISM, n. [Fr. polytheisme.] The doctrine of a plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and having an agency in the government of the world. * POL'Y-THE-IST, n. A person who believes in or main- tains the doctrine of a plurality of gods. POL-Y-THE-IST'IG, \a. 1. Pertaining to polytheism. POL-Y-THE-IST'IC-AL, 5 2. Holding a plurality of gods. POL-Y-THE-IST'I€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of polythe- ism. POL-Y-Zo'NAL, a. [Gr. ttoXvS and Z,wvn.] Composed of sev- eral zones or rings ; as, a polyzonal lens. — Brewster. P6MACE (pum'ase), n. [L. pomum ; Fr. pomme.] The sub- stance of apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. — In America, it is so called before and after being pressed. PO-Ma'CEOUS (-shus), a. 1. Consisting of apples. 2. Like pomace. PO-MaDE', n. [Fr. pommade.] Perfumed ointment. [Rare.] PO-MAN'DER, n. [Ft. pomme d'ambre.] A sweet ball ; a perfumed ball or powder. — Bacon. PO-MaTUM, n. [Fr. pommade; It. pomata ; Sp. pomada.] A perfumed unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. PO-Ma'TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. — Diet. P5ME, n. [L. pomum.] 1. In botany, a fleshy or pulpy peri- carp without valves, containing a capsule or capsules, as the apple. 2. A name given, in America, to baked cakes of maize or Indian meal about the size of an apple. f P5ME, v. i. [Fr. pommer.] To grow to a head, or form a head in growing. — Diet. P6ME-CIT'RON, n. A citron apple.— Ben Jonson. P6ME'-WA-TER, n. A sort of apple.— Shak. P6ME-GRAN'ATE (pum-gran'nate), n. [L. pomum and gran- atum.] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus pu- nica, of the size and shape of an orange, having a reddish color and numerous seeds. 2. The tree that produces pomegranates. 3. An ornament resembling a pomegran- ate, on the robe and ephod of the Jewish high-priest. PoME-GRAN'ATE-TREE, n. The tree which produces pomegranates. P6ME'ROY (pum'roy), In. Royal apple ; a particu- PdME-ROY'AL (pum-roy'al), > lar sort of apple. — Ains- worth. POM'EY, n. In heraldry, a green roundel. PO-MIF'ER.-OUS, a. [L. pomum and/ero.] Literally, pome- bearing ; a term applied to plants bearing the larger fruits, as apples, melons, gourds, &c. P6M'MAGE, n. See Pomace. POMME, ) n. Cross pomme.— In heraldry, a cross, of ?OM-METTE', 5 which the ends terminate in three half- circlets, resembling apples. ?6M'MEL (pum'mel), n. [Fr. pommcau.] 1. A knob or ball; any ornament of a globular form. 2. The knob on the hilt of a sword ; the protuberant part of a saddle-bow ; the round knob on the frame of a chair, &c. F&M'MEL, v. t. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with something thick or bulky ; to bruise. r^M'MEL£D, pp. 1. Beaten; bruised.— 2. a. In heraldry, having pommels, as a sword or dagger. PoM'MEL-ING, n. A beating or bruising. PftM'MEL-ING, ppr. Beating. POM-MeL'ION (-mel'yun), n. The cascabel or hindmost knob of a cannon. — Mar. Diet. POMO-LOG'I€-AL, a. Belonging to pomology. PO MOL'O-GlST, n. One interested in pomology. POMOL'O-GY, 7i. The art or science of rearing fruit. °OMP, 7i. [L. pompa ; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pomp ; Ital., Sp. parnpa.] 1. Literally, a showy, ostentatious procession. 2. A splendid show, exhibition, or ceremony. — Syn. Display ; parade ; pageant ; pageantry ; splendor ; state ; magnifi- cence ; ostentation; grandeur; pride. fPOMP-AT'l-G, a. [Low L. pompaticus] Pompous; splen- did ; ostentatious. — Barrow. POMP'ET, n. The ball which printers use to black, the types. — Cotgraoe. POM'PHO-LYX, 7i. [L., from Gr. -n-o^oXvl.] The white o> yd which sublimes during the combustion of zinc. PoMP'I-ON (pump'e-on), n. [D. pompoen.] A pumpkin. PdM'PY'IlE, n. [L. pomum and pyrus.] A sort of pearmain POM-POS'I-TY, n. [It. pomposita.] Pompousness ; ostenta Hon ; boasting. — Aikin. POM-PO'SO. [It] In music, grand and dignified. POMP'OUS, a. [Fr. pompeux ; It. pomposo.] 1. Displaying pomp or grandeur ; as, a pompous ceremonial. 2. Cha* acterized by ostentation or display ; as, a pompous inscrip- tion. — Syn. Showy ; splendid ; magnificent ; superb ; an gust ; grand ; stately ; dignified ; magisterial ; lofty ; oa tentatious ; boastful. POMP'OUS-LY, adv. With great parade or display; mag nificently; splendidly; ostentatiously. — Dryden. POMP'OUS-NESS, n. The state of being pompous ; mag nificence ; splendor ; great display of show. POM'-WA-TER, 7i. The name of a large apple.— Diet. POND. 7i. [Sp., Port., It. pantano.] 1. A body of stagnan water without an outlet, larger than a puddle and smaller than a lake ; or a like body of water with a small outlet — In the United States, we give thi3 name to collections oi water in the interior country which are fed by springs, and from which issues a small stream. 2. A collection of' water raised in a river by a dam for the purpose of pro- pelling mill-wheels. — Pond for Jish; see Fish-pond. POND, v. t. [from the noun.] To make a pond ; to collect in a pond by stopping the current of a river. t POND, v. t. To ponder. — Spenser. POND'-WEED, n. [pond and weed.] An aquatic herb. PON'DER, v. t. [L. pondero.] 1. To weigh in the mind ; to consider and compare the circumstances or consequences of an event. 2. To view with deliberation ; to examine. PON'DER v. i. To think ; to muse : with on.— Shak. PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The .state of being ponderable. PON'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be weighed; capable of being weighed. — Brown. PON'DER-AL, a. [h.pondus.] Estimated or ascertained by weight, as distinguished from numeral. PON'DER-ANCE, n. Weight ; gravity.— Gregory. f PON'DER-aTE, v. t. To weigh in the mind ; to consider PON-DER-a'TION, n. The act of weighing. . PON'DER.ED, pp. Weighed in the mind ; considered ; ex- amined by intellectual operation. PON'DER-ER, n. One who weighs in his mind. PON'DER-ING, ppr. Weighing intellectually ; considering , deliberating on. PON'DER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- tion. — Hammond. PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Weight; gravity; heaviness. PON'DER-OUS, a. [L.ponderosus.] 1. Very heavy; weighty; massive. 2. Important ; momentous ; [rare.] 3. Forci- ble ; strongly impulsive. Dryden. — Ponderous spar, heavj spar or barytes. PON'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With great weight. PON'DER-OUS-NESS, n. Weight; heaviness; gravity. Po'NENT, a. [It. ponente ; L. ponens.] Western. [Rare.] PON-GEE', n. An inferior kind of India silk. PON"GO, n. A large species of ape, resembling the orang outang. The name has also been applied to the chim- panzee. PON'IARD (pon'yard), n. [Fr. poig7iard.] A small dagger ;. a pointed instrument for stabbing, borne in the hand or at the girdle, or in the pocket. PON'IARD (pon'yard), v. t. To pierce with a poniard ; to stab. PON'IARD-ED, pp. Pierced with a poniard ; stabbed. t PONK, 71. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. — Shak. PON'TAC, n. A fine species of claret wine. PON'TAgE, n. [L. pons, pontis ; Sp. puente ; W. pont.] A duty paid for repahing bridges. PON-TEE', n. In glass-wo: ks, an iron instrument by which the hot glass is taken out of the glass-pot. PON'TIC, a. [L. Pontus.] Pertaining to the Pontus, Eux- ine, or Black Sea. — J. Barlow. PON'TIFF, 7i. [Fr. pontife ; L. pontifez.] A high-priest ; ap- plied particularly to the Pope of Rome. PON-TIF'IC, a. Relating to priests ; popish.— Milton. PON-TIF'I€-AL, a. [L. po7itificalis.] 1. Belonging to a high- priest ; belonging to the pope ; popish. 2. Splendid ; mag- nificent. 3. Bridge-building ; [obs.] PON-TIFTC-AL, n. 1. A book containing rites and ceremo- nies ecclesiastical.— South. t PON-TIF-IC-AL'I-TY, n. The state and government of the pope ; the papacy. — Usher. PON-TIF'IC-AL-LY, adv. In a pontifical manner. PON-TIF'I€-ALS, ?i. pi. The dress and ornaments of a priest or bishop. — Lowth. PON-TIF'IC-ATE, n. [L. pontificatus.] 1. The state or dig nity of a high-priest ; particularly, the office or dignity of the pope. 2. The reign of a pope. 0a»e- nance from the public. 3. Destitute of strength, bea^y. or dignity ; barren ; mean ; jejune. 4. Destitute of value, worth, or importance ; of little use ; trifling, 5. Paltry ; mean ; of little value. 6. Destitute of fertility ; barren ; exhausted ; as, poor soil. 7. Of little worth ; unimport- ant. — Swift. 8. Unhappy; pitiable. 9. Mean; depressed; low ; dejected ; destitute of spirit. — Bacon. 10. Lean ; emaciated. 11. Small, or of a bad quality. 12. Uncom- fortable ; restless ; ill. 13. Destitute of saving grace.— Rev., hi. 14. Wanting good qualities. 15. A word of ten- derness or pity ; dear. 16. A word of slight contempt ; wretched. — 17. The poor, collectively used as a noun, those who are destitute of property ; the indigent ; the needy. In law, those who are supported by public or private char- ity. — Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ; contrite. POOR-HOUSE, n. A public establishment for the support of the poor. POOR-LAWS, n. pi. Laws for the support of the poor. POOR'JOHN (-jon), n. A fish of the cod family ; the com- mon hake. POOR'LY, adv. 1. Without wealth ; in indigence. 2. With little or no success ; with little growth, profit, or advant- age. 3. Meanly; without spirit. — Dry den. 4. Without excellence or dignity. POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill ; indisposed ; not in health. — Th. Scott. [Familiar.] POOR'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ; poverty; want; [rare.] 2. Meanness; lowness ; want of dignity. 3. Want of spirit. 4. Barrenness ; sterility. 5. Unproductiveness ; want of the metallic substance, as of ore. 6. Smallness, or bad quality. 7. Want of value or importance. 8. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities which constitute a thing good in its kind. 9. Nar- rowness ; barrenness ; want of capacity. POOR'-SPlRIT-ED, a. Of a mean spirit ; cowardly ; base. POOR'-SPIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Meanness or baseness of spirit ; cowardice. — South. POP, n. [D. poep.] A small, smart, quick sound or report. POP, v. i. 1. To enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden motion. 2. To dart ; to start from place to place suddenly. POP, v. t. To thrust or push suddenly with a quick motion. — To pop off, to thrust away ; to shift off".— Locke. POP, adv. Suddenly ; with sudden entrance or appearance. P6PE, n. [Gr. nuna, tramuS, ttuttttos ; Low L. papa ; Sp., It, Pert, papa ; Fr. pape.] 1. The Bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. A small fish, of the perch family ; called, also, a ruff. — Walton. PoPE'-JoAN (-jone), n. A game of cards. — Jennet. PoPE'S'-EYE, n. [pope and eye.] The gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh.— Johnson. PoPE'S'-HEAD, n. A large round brush with a long han- dle, for dusting ceilings. — Halliwell. P5PE'D6M, n. 1. The place, office, or dignity of the pope; papal dignity. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope. PoPE'LING, n. An adherent of the pope. PoP'ER-Y, n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, comprehending doctrines and practices. — Swift. POP'GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by children to shoot wads and make a noise. — Cheyne. POP'IN-JIY, n. [Sp. papagayo.] 1. A parrot —Grew. 2. A woodpecker, a bird with a gay head. The green wood- pecker, a bird with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe. 3. A gay, trifling young man ; a fop or coxcomb. PoP'ISH, a. Relating to the pope ; taught by the pope ; pertaining to the pope, or to the Roman Catholic Church, PoP'ISH-LY, adv. In a popish manner ; with a tendency to popery. POP'LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr. peuplier.] A tree of the ge- nus populus, of several species, all of rapid growth, with soft wood. POP'LIN, n. A stuff made of silk and worsted. It contains more silk than bombazine. POP-LITE-AL, > a. [L. poples.] Pertaining to the posterior POP-LIT'I€, 5 part of the knee-joint or ham.— Brande. POPPED (popt), pp. Darted in or out suddenly. POPTET. See Puppet. POP'PING, ppr. Entering or issuing forth with a quick, sudden motion. POP'PY, 7i. [Sax. popeg ; Fr. pavot ; L. papaver.] A plant of the genus papaver, of several species, from one of which, the somniferum, or white poppy, is collected opium. POP'U-LACE, n. [Fr. ; It. popolaccio.] The common peo- ple ; the vulgar ; the multitude ; the commonalty ; the mob. POP'U-LA-CY, 11. The populace or common people. POP'U-LAR, a. [Fr. populaire ; Sp. popular ; L. jjopularis.] 1. Pertaining to the common people. 2. Suitable to com- mon people ; familiar ; plain ; easy to be comprehended ; not critical or abstruse. 3. Beloved by the people ; enjoy- ing the favor of the people ; pleasing to people in general. 4. Ambitious ; studious of the favor of the people ; [rare.] 5. Prevailing among the people ; extensively prevalent. — 6. In law, a popular action is one which gives a penalty to the person that sues for the same. POP-U-LARI-TY, n. [L. popularitas.) 1. Favor of the peo pie ; the state of possessing the affections and confidence of the people in general. 2. Representation suited to com- mon conception ; that which is intended or adapted to pro- cure the fayor of the people. — Bacon ; [little used.] POP'U-LAR-iZE, v. t. To make suitable to the common mind ; to spread among the people. — Beddoes. POP'U-LAR-TZED, pp. Made popular or introduced among the people._ POP'U-LAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Making popular, or introducing among the people. POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a popular manner. — Dryden. 2. According to the conceptions of the common people. POP'U-LaTE, v. i. [It. popolare, from L. populus.] To breed people ; to propagate. — Bacon. POP'U-LaTE, v. t. To people ; to furnish with inhabitants. t POP'U-LATE, for populous. POP'U-La-TED, pp. Furnished with inhabitants ; peopled. POP'U-LX-TING, ppr. Peopling. POP-U-La'TION, n. 1. The actor operation of peopling or furnishing with inhabitants ; multiplication of inhabitants. 2. The whole number of people or inhabitants hi a coun- try or portion of a country. 3. The state of a country with regard to its number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its numbers compared with their expenses, con- sumption of goods and productions, and earnings. POPTBT-LIN, n. A crystallizable substance s- panned tram the bark of the populus tremula, or aspen. — Brande. t POP-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Populousness.— Brown. POP'U-LOUS, a. [L. populosus.] Full of inhabitai ts ; con- taining many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. POP'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With many inhabitants in propor- tion to the extent of country. POP'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of havii g many inhabit- ants in proportion to the extent of countay. POR'BeA-GLE, \n. A species of shark, the lamna cornit- PRo'BeA-GLE, 5 Uca.—Yarrell. POR'CATE, ? a. [L. porca.] Ridged ; formed in ridges.— POR'CA-TED, 5 Asiat. Res. PoR'CE-LAIN, ??. [Sp., Port, porcelana ; Fr. pcrcelaine.] ±. The finest species of earthen-ware, which js white and semi-transparent, originally manufactured in Cnini ^nd Japan, but now made in several European countries, i The plant called purslai.n, which see. POR-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. [from jjrcelain\ PertcMing to or resembling porcelain. — Hatchett. • See Synopsis. 1 E, t, &c, long.— a, E, I, &c, short.— FAR. FALL, WHAT;— PREY:- MARINE iStRD >■ -M 3^T2, flC, C£ POR 761 POR FOR CEL-L A-NITE .t. A semi-viti ified clay or shale, some- what resembling jasper. — Dana. P5RCH, n. [Fr. porche.] 1. In architecture, a kind of vesti- bule, at the entrance of temples, halls, churches, or other buildings. 2. A portico ; a covered walk. 3. By way of distinction, the porch was a public portico in .Athens, where Zeno, the founder of the sect of Susie philosophers, taught bis disciples. POR'CJKiii, a. [L. porwnus.] Pertaining to swine. POR'GU-PlNE, n. [It. porco-spinoso ; Sp. puerco-espin ; Port. porco-esvinho.] In zoology, a quadruped of the genus hys- trix of Linnaeus, furnished with spjaes or quills upon the body. The crested porcupine has a body about two feet long, covered with prickles whica are very sharp, and some of them twelve inches long , these he can erect at pleasure. POR'GU-PlNE-FISH, n. A fish of the tropical seas, covered with spines, which are capable of being erected by its in- flating the body. P5RE, n. [Fr. pore ; Sp., It. poro.] 1. In anatomy, a minute interstice in the skin of an animal, through which the per- spirable matter passes to the surf^e or is excreted. 2. A smail spiracle, opening, or passa s « in other substances. P5RE. v. i. [qu. Gr. £0o/)w, vpopaio.] To look with steady, continued attention or application. — Sfiak. PoRE, ?' t. To examine : with on. — Milton. PoRE'BLTND, \ a. [qu. Gr. rraflo?.] Near-sighted ; short- PUR'BLlND, 5 sighted.— Bacon. PoR'ER, n. One who pores or studies diligently. POR'GEE, ) n. A salt-water fish of the gilt-head kind, much POR'GY, y esteemed for food ; also written poggy. Po'RI-FORM, a. Resembling a pore or small puncture. PoR'I-NESS, n. The state of being pory or having numer- ous pores. — Wiseman. PoR'ING, ppr. Looking with steady, continued application. Po'RISM, n. [Gr. -nop^uoS.] 1. In geometry, a proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of in- numerable solutions. — Play fair. 2. The term porism was also used by the Greek geometricians in the sense of cor- ollary.— Brande. PO-RIS-MATIG, ) PO-RISTIG, \a. Pertaining to a porism. PO-RIS'TIG-AL, > Po'RlTE, n. ; pi. Porites. A name given to corals which have the surface covered with small cells, very shallow or superficial. — Dana. PoRK, n. [L. porcus ; Fr. pore] The flesh of swine, fresh jjr salted, used for food. PoRK'-EAT-ER, n. One who feeds on swine's flesh. PoRK'ER, n. 1. A hog. Walt. Scott.— 2. A young pig for roasting. — Encyc. Dom. Econ. PoRK'ET, n. A young hog.— Dryden. PoRK'LING, n. A pig.— Tusser. PO-ROS'I-TY, n. The quality or state of having pores or interstices ; opposed to density. — Bacon. Po'ROUS, a. Having interstices in the skin or substance if _the body ; having spiracles or passages for fluids. Po'ROUS-LY, adv. "With porousness." Po'ROUS-NESS, ?f. 1. The quality of baving pores ; poros- ity. 2. The porou3 parts ; [not authorized^] POR-PHY-RIT'IG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to porphyrv ; re- POR-PHY-Ra'CEOUS, i sembiing porphyry ; containing distinct feldspar crystals uniformly disseminated, as gran- ite. 2. Containing or composed of porphyry. POR'PHY-RlZE, v. t. To cause to resemble porphyry ; to make spotted in its composition. — Cooper. POR-PHY-RIZ.ED, pp. or a. Caused to resemble porphyry. POR'PHY-RY, n. [Gr. nopepvpa ; L. porphyriXes ; Fr. per- phyrc.] A rock consisting of a compact feldspathic base, through which crystals of feldspar of a lighter color are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, which are highly esteemed for ornamental purposes. — Dana. POR'PHY-RY-SIIELL, n. A univalve shell of the genus murex, one species of which afforded tne Tynan ^urpie dye. POR'POISE (por'pus), n. [It. porco, hog, and pesce, fish ; hence the spelling porpess would be preferable.] In zoolo- gy, the hog-fish or sea-hog, a cetaceous mammal, which lives on other fish, and often roots like a hog in the mud. POR-Ra'CEOUS (-shus), a- [L. porraceous.] Greenish ; re- sembling the leek in color. — Wiseman. POR-REGT', a. In tooiogy, denoting a part which extends forth horizontally. POR-RE€'TION, n. [L.porrectio.] The act of stretching forth. <*ORTlET, n. [L. porrum; It. porro, porretta.] A scallion ; a leek or small onion.— Brovm. POR'RlDGE, n. [qu. pottage, by corruption.] A kind of food made by boiling meat in water ; broth. — In America, meal or flour boiled with water is called porridge. COR'RIDGE-POT, n. The pot in which porridge is boiled. POR'RIN-GER, n. [qu. porridge.] 1. A small metal vesae* in which children eat porridge or milk. 2. A head-dres* in the shape of a porringer ; [in contempt.] — Shah. PoRT, n. [Fr., from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; It. porto.] 3- Any bay, cove, inlet, or recess of the sea or of a lake, o* the mouth of a river, which ships or vessels can enter, an^ where they can lie safe from injury by storms. 2. [L. porta.] A gate. — Milton. 3. An embrasure or opening in the side of a ship of war, through which cannon are dis- charged ; a port-hole. 4. The lid which shuts a port-hole. 5. Manner of movement or walk , external appearance. — 6. In seamen's language, the larboard or left side of a ship. 7. A dark purple astringent wine made in Portugal, sc called from Oporto, whence it is shipped.— Port of entry, a port where a custom-house is established for the ertry of goods. — Port of the voice, in music, the faculty or haoit of making the shakes, passages., and diminutions. — Svn. Har- bor ; haven ; air ; mien ; bearing ; carriage ; demeanor behavior ; deportment. PoRT, v. t. 1. To carry in form.— Milton. 2. To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a ship. PoRT-BaR, n. A bar to secure the ports of a snip in a gale of wind. tPoRT-GAN'ON, n. A kind of boot, or, rather, boot-top, _covering the knees. — Toone. PoRT-CHaR(J-ES, n. pi. In commerce, charges to which a ship or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c. PoRT-GRaY-ON, n. A small metallic handle with a clasp Jbr holding a crayon when used in drawing. &e. PoRT'-FlRE, n. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur, and mealed powder, driven into a case of strong paper, and jused instead of a match for setting fire to powder, &c. PoRT-Fo'LIO (-fol'yo), n. [Fr. porte-feuille.] A case of the size of a large book, to keep loose papers •in. PoRT-HoLE, n. The embrasure of a ship of war. PoRT'-LID, n. The lid that closes a port-hole. PoRT-MAN, n. [port and man.] An inhabitant or burgess, as of a cinque-port. PoRT-MoTE, n. [port, and Sax. mot.] Anciently, a court jield in a port town. — Blackstone. PoRT'-RoPE, n. A rope to draw up a port-lid. PoRT-WlNE. See Pout, n., No. 7. PoRT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Fitness to be carried. [But portable- ness is mostly used.] PoRT'A-BLE, a. [It. portabile.] 1. That may be carried by the hand or about the person, on horseback or in a travel- ing vehicle ; not bulky or heavy ; that may be easily con veyed from place to place with one's traveling baggage. 2. That may be carried from place to place. 3. That may be borne along with one. 4. Sufferable ; supportable. — Shak.; [obs.] PoRTA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being portable. P5RTA6E, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of carrying. 2. The price of carriage. — Fell. 3. A port-hole. — Shak. ; [unusual.] 4. A carrying-place over land between navigable waters. PoRT'AL, n. [It. portella ; Fr. portail] 1. In architecture, the lesser gate, where there are two gates of different dimen- sions. — 2. Formerly, a little square corner of a room, separ- ated from the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short passage into a room. 3. The frame-work or arch of a dcor or gate. 4. A gate ; an opening for entrance. t PoRT'ANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.] Air ; mien ; carriage ; port ; demeanor. — Spenser. — Shak. t PoRTASS, n. A breviary ; a prayer-book. — Spenser. t PoRT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. portatif] Portable.— Chaucer. PoRT-€UL'LIS, n. 1. In fortification, an assemblage of tim- bers joined across one another, like those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of surprise, to pre- vent the entrance of an enemy. — 2. In heraldry, see Pub- suivant. PoRT-€TTL'LIS, v. t. To shut ; to bar ; to obstruct PoRT-GUL'LISjED (-kul'list), a. Having a portcullis. PoRTE, n. The government of the Turkish Empire, ofH- ciaKy called the Sublime Porte, from the gate {port) of the sultan's palace, where justice was administered. PoRTE GROIX (-krwaV), n. In heraldry, see Pursuivant. PoRTE-FEUIL'LE (port-ful'ye). [Fr.] 1. A port-folio or place for holding papers, drawings, &c. Hence, 2. The office or functions of a minister of state. — Diet, de I'Acad. PORTED, pp. or a. 1. Having gates. — Ben Jonson ; [obs.] 2. Borne in a certain or regular order. — Jones. POR-TEND', v. t. [L. portendo.] To indicate something fu- ture by previous signs. — Syn. To foreshow ; foretoken ; betoken ; forebode ; augur ; presage ; threaten. POR-TEND'ED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated by signs. POR-TEND1NG, ppr. Foreshowing. t POR-TEN'SION, n. The act of foreshowing. POR-TENT, n. [L. portentum.] An omen of ill ; any pre- vious sign or prodigy indicating the approach of evil oi calamity. — Drvden. POR-TENTOUS, a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Ominous ; fore- "D6VE ;— BoLL, ¥NITE ;— AN"GER VfCIOUS ;- -€< as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; Cll as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. POS 762 POS rfrjT'ng il«. * Monstrous ; prodigious ; wonderful ; [in am V\. sti's .] PGR-T*INT OlT3-liY, adv. In a portentous manner. P5RTEF, n [It portiere; Fr.portier.] 1. A man that has the charge of a door or gate ; a door-keeper. 2. One who waits a* the do or to receive messages. 3. [Fr. porteur, from porter, to carry.] A carrier ; a person who carries or convoys burdens for hire. 4. A malt liquor of a dark brown color arid moderately bitter taste, and possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities. PoRTER-AgE, n. 1. Money charged or paid for the car- riage of burdens by a porter. — Tooke. 2. The business of a porter or door-keeper. — Churchill. I PoRTER-LY, a. Coarse ; vulgar.— Bray. PoRTESSE, n. A breviary or pci table book of prayers. *P5RTGLaVE, n. [Fr. porter, and W. glaiv.] A sword- bearer. — Ainsworth. PoRT'GRIVE, } n. [L. portus, and Ger. grafi] Formerly, PoRTGReVE, > the chief magistrate of a port or mari- P5RTREEVE, ) time town. PoRTI-CO, n. [It. portico ; L. porticus.] In architecture, originally, a colonnade or covered ambulatory; but at present, a covered space inclosed by columns at the en- trance of a building. — P. Cyc. PORTION, n. [L. portio.] I. In general, a part of any thing separated from it. 2. A part, though not actually divided, but considered by itself. 3. A part assigned. 4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him by law. 5. A wife's fortune. — Syn. Division ; share ; par- cel ; quantity ; allotment ; dividend. PORTION, v. t. I. To divide ; to parcel; to allot a share _or shares. 2. To endow. PORTIONED, pp. or a. 1. Divided into shares or parts. 2. _Endowed ; furnished with a portion. PoR'TlON-ER, n. One who divides or assigns in shares. PoR'TION-fNG, ppr. Dividing; endowing. PoR'TION-lST, n. 1. One who has a certain academical allowance. See Postmaster, No. 3. 2. The incumbent of a benefice which has more rectors or vicars than one. P5RTION-LESS, a. Having no portion. PoRTLAND-SToNE, n. A yellowish white limestone, from the isle of Portland, in England, much used for building-stone.— Brande. pIrtoS I'(-tiz), } n - The e™ wale of a shi P- PoRTLI-NESS, n. Dignity of mien or of personal appear- ance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with digni- fied manners and demeanor. PoRTLY, a. I. Grand or dignified in mien ; of a noble ap- pearance and carriage. 2. Bulky ; corpulent. PoRT-MANTEAU (port-man'to), n. [Fr. porte-manteau. It is often pronounced portmantle.] A bag, usually made of leather, for carrying apparel and other furniture on jour- neys, particularly on horseback. PbRTOISE. See Poetlast. PoRTRa.IT, ti. [Fr. portrait.] A picture or representation of a person, and especially 'of a face, drawn from the life. It is sometimes applied to the picture of any animal. t PoR'TRaIT, v. t. To portray ; to draw. — Spenser. PoR'TRaIT PaINTER, n. One whose occupation is to paint portraits. PORTRAIT PaINT'ING, n. The painting of portraits. PoRTRaIT-URE, n. [Fr.] 1. A portrait ; painted resem- blance.— Milton. 2. The drawing of portraits. — Walpole. PoR-TRaY', v. t. [Fr. portraire.] 1. To paint or draw the likeness of any thing in colors. 2. To describe in words. 3. To adorn with pictures. PoR-TRa YAL, n. The act of portraying. PoR-TRaYED' (por-trade'), pp. Painted or drawn to the life ; described. PoR-TRaY'ER, n. One who paints, draws to the lite, or _describes. PoR-TRaYTNG, ppr. Painting or drawing the likeness of; describing. FORTRESS, \n. [from vorter.] A female guardian of a FoRTE R-ESS, 5 gate— Milton. P5RTR.EEVE, n. [The modern orthography of portgreve, which see.] The chief magistrate of a port or maritime town. \ POR'WIG-LE, (wigl), n . A tadpole ; a young frog.— Brown. PoR'Y, a. Full of pores or small interstices. PoSE, n. In heraldry, a lion, horse, or other beast standing still, with all his feet on the ground. }P6SE : n. [Sax. geposc.] A stuffing of the head; catarrh. -Chaucer. POSE, v. t. [W. posiaw ; Fr. poser.] 1. To puzzle ; [a word of the same origin;] to set; to put to a stand or stop; to gravel. 2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking difficult questions ; to set by questions ; hence, to interrogate closely, or with a view to scrutiny. P5S£I), pp. Puzzled ; put to a 6tand ; interrogated close- ly- PoS'ER, n. 1. One who puzzles by asking difficult ques- tions ; a close examiner. 2. Something, as a questi m, ar. gument, &c, that puzzles or puts to silence. PoS'ING, ppr. or a. Puzzling ; putting to a stand ; question- ing closely. PoS'ING-LY, adv. So as to puzzle. POS'IT-ED, a. [L. positus.] Put; set; placed. PO-Sl"TION (po-zish'un), n. [L. positio.] 1. State of being placed ; used often with reference to other objects, or tt difi'erent parts of the same object. 2. Manner of standing or being placed. 3. Principle laid down ; something ad- vanced or affirmed as a fixed piinciple, or stated as the ground of reasoning, or to be proved. 4. The advance ment of any principle. 5. State of affairs. 6. State in re- lation to others or to some subject ; as, to be in a false po sition ; to define one's position. — 7. In grammar, the state of a vowel placed before two consonants. — 8. In arithme- tic, a method of solving a problem by one or two suppo- sitions ; called, also, the rule of trial and error. — Syn. Sit- uation ; station ; place ; condition ; attitude ; posture ; proposition ; assertion ; thesis. t PO-Sl"TION-AL, a. Respecting position.— Brown. POS'I-TlVE, a. [It. positivo ; Yr.positif; Low L. positivus.\ 1. Properly, set; laid down; expressed; drrect; explicit; not implied. 2. Absolute ; express ; peremptory ; not ad- mitting any condition or discretion. 3. Absolute; real; actual ; existing in fact ; opposed to negative. 4. Direct ; express ; opposed to circumstantial. 5. Confident ; fully assured. 6. Dogmatic ; over-confident in opinion or as- sertion. 7. Settled by arbitrary appointment. — Hooker. 8. Having power to act directly. Swift. — Positive degree, in grammar, the simple state of an adjective, or when it is not compared. — Positive electricity, according to Dr. Frank- lin, the electricity which a body contains above its natural share. — Positive quantity, in algebra, an affirmative quanti- ty, or one to be added. POS'I-TlVE, n. 1. What is capable of being affirmed ; real- ity. 2. That which settles by absolute appointment. — 3. In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence. POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. Absolutely ; by itself, independent of any thing else ; not comparatively. 2. Not negatively ; really ; in its own nature ; directly ; inherently. 3. Cer- tainly ; indubitably. 4. Directly ; explicitly ; expressly. 5. Peremptorily; in strong terms. 6. With full confidence or assurance. — Positively electrified. According to Dr. Franklin, a body is positively electrified when it contains more than its natural share of electricity, and negatively electrified when it contains less than its natural share.- Olmsted. POS'I-TiVE-NESS, n. 1. Actualness ; reality of existence ; not mere negation. 2. Undoubting assurance ; full conn dence : peremptoriness. t POS-I-TIV'I-TY, n. Peremptoriness.— Watts. t POS'1-THRE, for posture. See Posture. POS'NET, n. [W. posned.] A little basin ; a porringer, skil- let, or sauce-pan. — Owen. P0S-0-L06'I€AL, a. Pertaining to posology. P0S-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. iroaos and hoyos.] In medicine, the science or doctrine of doses. — Amer. Dispensatory. POS'PO-LlTE, n. A kind of militia in Poland.— Encyc POSS, v. t. To dash about.— Halliwcll. ^Local.) POSSE -eOM-I-TA'TUS. [L.] 1. In law, the power of the country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an officer in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal pre- cept which is forcibly opposed. The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone is used in the same sense. Blackstone. — 2. In low language, a number or crowd of people ; a rabble. * POS-SESS', v. t. [L. possessus, possideo.] 1. To have thei just and legal title, ownership, or property of a thing ; to own ; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to hold both the title and the thing. 2. To hold ; to occupy without title or ownership. 3. To have ; to occupy. 4. To seize ; to gain ; to obtain the occupation of. 5. Tu have power over, as an invisible agent or spirit. — Luke, viii. 6. To aft'ect by some power. — To possess of or with, more properly to possess of, is to give possession, com- mand, or occupancy. — To possess one's self of. to take or gain possession or command ; to make one's self master of. — To possess with, to furnish or fill with something per- manent, or to be retained. — Addison. * POS-SESS£D' (pos-sesf), pp. Held by lawful title . occu- pied ; enjoyed ; affected by demons or invisible agents. * POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right or title ; occupying ; enjoying. * POS-SES'SION (-sesh'un), n. 1. The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power or command ; actuul seizing or occupancy. 2. The thing possessed ; land, es- tate, or goods owned. 3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. 4. The state of being under the power of demons or invisible beings; madness; lunacy. — Writ of possession, a precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property recovered m ejectment — To take possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's See Synopsis a, E, I, &c, long.— A, E, I, &c, short.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARiNE, BIRD . -Mil VE, BOOK, POS e 763 POS power or occupancy. — To give possession, to put in an- other's power or occupancy. ♦f PGS-SES'SION, v. t. To invest with property. — Carew. *«P OS-SES'SION-ER, n One who has possession of a thing, or power over it — Sidney. [Little used.] POS-SESS'iVE, a. [L. possessivus.] Pertaining to posses- sion ; having possession. — Possessive case, in English grammar, is the genitive case, or case which expresses possession or relation. * POS-SESS'i YE-LY, adv. So as to denote possession. * POS-SESS'OPl,, ?i. 1. One who has possession. 2. One who has, holds, or enjoys any good or other thing. — Syn. Own- er ; proprietor ; master ; holder ; occupant. *POS-SESS'0-RY, a. Having possession. Howel. — Possess- ory action,, in lav;, an action or suit in which the right of pogsession only, and net that of property, is contested. POS'SET, n. [W. posel.] Milk curdled with wine cr other liquor. — Dry den. POS SET, v. t. To curdle ; to turn.— Shak. POS'SET-ED, pp. Curdled; turned. POS'SET-ING, ppr. Curdling, as milk. POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Ft. vcssibilite.] The power of being or existing ; the power of happening ; the state of being possible, or of being not impossible, though improbable. POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.; It. possible ; L. possibilis.] That may be or exist ; that may be now, or may happen or come to pass ; that may be done ; practicable ; not contrary to the nature of things ; not impossible, though improbable. POS'SI-BLY, adv. 1. By any power, moral or physical, re- ally existing. 2. Without involving impossibility or ab- surdity. — Syn. Perhaps ; peradventure ; perchance. POS'SUM. To play pessum, to act possum, is applied to a person who, when caught, feigns himself dead, from a characteristic of the opossum. See Opossum. [ Am.] fPoST, a. [from Fr. aposter.] Suborned; hired to do what is wrong. — Sandys. PoST, 7i. [W. pdst ; D., Dan., Sw. post ; Fr. paste.] 1. A piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, and in- tended to support something else. 2. A military station ; the place where a single soldier or a body of troops is sta- tioned. 3. The troops stationed in a particular place, or the ground they occupy. 4. A public office or employ- ment, that is, a fixed place, station, or situation. 5. A messenger, or a carrier of letters and papers ; one who carries letters regularly ; the mail. 6. A seat or situation. 7. A sort of writing-paper, such as is used for letters ; let- ter-paper. 8. An old game at cards. — 9. In architecture and sculpture, a term applied to certain ornaments shaped after the manner of rolls or wreathings. Elmes. — To ride %cst, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers ; to ride with rapidity. Hence, post, as an adverb, with rapid- ity or expedition. — To travel post, to travel with post- hcrses. — Knight of the post. See Knight. PoST, v. i. [Fr. poster.] 1. To travel with post-horses. Hence, 2. To travel with speed. PcST, v. t. I. To fix to a post. 2. To expose to public re- proach by fixing the name to a post ; to expose to oppro- brium by some public action. 3. To advertise on a post or in a public place. — Laws of New England. 4. To set ; to place ; to station. 5. To place in the post-office ; as, to post letters. [England.]— 6. In book-keeping, to carry ac- counts from the waste-book or journal to the ledger. — To pesi off, to put oft' ; to delay. — Shak.; [obs.] PCST. A Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in this sense, in composition, in many English words. PoST-BILL, n. A bill of letters mailed by a postmaster. PoST'-BOY, n. A boy who rides post ; a courier. — Taller. FgST'-2HaISE, In. A carriage with four wheels for the PoST'-SoACH, ) conveyance of travelers who travel with Dost-horses. POST-BATE, v. t. [L. post and date.] To date after the real time. • P5ST-B IT-ED, pp. Dated after the real time. PoST'-BaT-IKG, ppr Dating after the real time. PoST-DaY, n. A day on which the mail arrives or departs. PcST-DIS-SeFZIN, n. In law, a subsequent disseizin. PS3T-D1S SeIZOR, n. A person who disseizes another of lands which he had before recovered of the same per- son.— -jjlcckstone. P6ST'-EN-TRY ) n. 1. A second or subsequent entry at the custom-house of goods which had been previously omitted by mistake. — 2. In book-keeping, an additional or subsequent entry. — M'Culloch. PBST-EX-ISTENCE (x as gz), n. Subsequent existence. PoST'-FA-GT, a. [L. post-factum.] Relating to a fact that occurs after another ; or, as a noun, a iact that occurs Sifter another. PoST-r iN^, n. In English law. a fine due to the king by prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of lands and tenements. — Blackstone. PoST'-HACK-NEY, n. A hired post-horse. P5ST- HaSTE', n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or courier. — Shak. PoST-HISTE', adv. With speed or expedition. PoST-HORN, n. [post and horn.] A horn «r trumpet use* by a carrier of the public mail or a coachn.an. — Cowper. PoST-HORSE, n. A term applied to horses stationed m certain distances on a road for the rapid conveyance of _couriers, passengers, &c. PoST'-HOUSE, n. 1. A house where a post-office is kepi for receiving and dispatching letters by public mails ; s post-office; [little used.] 2. A house where post-florae* are kept. PoST'-MaRK, n. The mark or stamp of a post-office on I letter. PoST-MXRK, v. t. To affix the stamp or mark of the post- pffice, as to letters, &c. PoST-ME-RID'I-AW, n. [L. post-meridianus.] Being or b» longing to the afternoon. — Bacon. PqST-SlOR'TEM. [L.] After death. A pest-mortem exam- ination of a body is one made after the death cf the patient PoST-NoTE, n. [post and note.] In ccrzm.erce, a promissory note issued by a bank, and made payable at seme futurt specified time ; whence its name, post-ncie. PoST'-NUP'TIAL (-shal), a. Being or happening after mar- riage. — Blent. PoST-OB'IT, n. [L. pest and obituo.] 1. A bond in which the obligor, on consideration of having received a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, or ua usual interest, on the death ox ccme specified individual from whom he has expectations. Bouvier.—2. Post-obit is used by physicians precisely like post-mortem. PoST'-OF-FSCE, n. An office or house where letters axe received for delivery and for transmission. PoST'-PaID, a. Having the postage paid, as a letter. PoST-TOWN, n. 1. A town "hi which a post-office is estab- lished. 2. A town in which pest-horses are kept. t P5STA-BLE, a. That may be carried.— Montague. POSTAGE, n. 1. The price established by law to be paid for the conveyance cf a letter in a public mail. 2. A port- age. — Smollst ; [003.] PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AL, >a. [L. post and diluvium.] Being ox PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, 5 happening posterior to the flood in Noah's days. PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. A person who lived after the flood, _or who has lived cince that event. — Grew. PoSTE-A, n. [L.] The record of what is done in a causa subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial. — Blackstone. POSTED, pp. 1. Placed ; stationed. 2. Exposed on a post _or by public notice. 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts. POSTER, n. I. One who posts ; also, a courier ; one who travels expeditiously. 2. A large bill posted for adver tising. POS-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. ; Fr. posterieur.] 1. Later or subs?<> quent in time. 2. Later in the order of proceeding ot moving ; coming after. POS-TE-RI-ORl-TY, n. [Fr. posteriorite.] The state of be- ing later or Euboequent. — Hale. POS-TE'RI-OR-LY, adv. Subsequently; afterward. POS-Te'RI-ORS, n. pi. The hinder parts of an animal body —Swift. POS-TER'I-TY, a. [Fr. posterite ; L. posteritas.] 1. Descend- ants ; children, children's children, &c, indefinitely ; the race that proceeds from a progenitor. — 2. La a genera* sense, succeeding generations. — Pope. PoS'TERN, it. [Fr. ptoerne.] 1. Primarily, a back door or gate ; a private entrance , hence, any small door or gate. Dryden. — 2. In fortification, a small gate or passage under a rampart, leading into the ditch. PoS'TERN, a. Back; being behind ; private. — Dryden. POSTFIX, n. [L. post and fix.] In grammar, a letter, sylla- ble, or word added to the end of another word ; a suffix. — Parkhurst. PoST-FIX',^. t. To add or annex a letter, syllable, or word to the end of another or principal word. PoST-FrX£D'(p6st-fixf), pp. Added to the end of a word. PoST-FIXTNG, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. tPOST'HUME, a. Posthumous.— Watts. * POST'HU-MOUS, a. [L. post and humus.] 1. Born afte* the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the mother, as a child. 2. Published after the death of the author, as works. 3. Being after one's decease, as fame. * POSTHU-MOUS-LY, adv. After one's decease. t POS'TIC, a. [L. posticus.] Backward.— Brown. POS'TIL, n. [L. post ilia.] 1. A marginal note.— 2. In the Roman Catholic and Lutheran Churches, a homily to be read after the gospel, quasi post ilia, sc. Evangelica. POS'TIL, v. t. [It. postillare.] To write marginal notes ; to gloss ; to illustrate with marginal notes. — Bacon. POS'TIL, v. i. To comment ; to make illustrious.— Skelion. P03TIL.ED, pp. Illustrated with marginal notes. POS'TIL-ER, n. One who writes marginal notes ; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. POS'TIL-ING, ppr. Writing in marginal notes. ®6*rfi :-— 3IJLL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VI"C10US.— G as K; O as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, POS '64 POT POS'TIL-LXTE v . or t. Formerly, to preach by expound- ing Scripture ve/se by verse, in order. POS-TIL-L a'TJ ON, n. Exposition of Scripture in preaching. FOSTIL-La-TOR, n. One who expounds Scripture, verse by verse. — Henry, Brit. * P&S-TILL'ION (pos-til'yun), n. [Fr. postilion.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or oth- er carriage ; also, one who rides one of the horses. P5STTNG, ppr. 1. Setting up on a post ; exposing the name or character to reproach by public advertisement. 2. Placing ; stationing. 3. Transferring accounts to a ledger. 4. Traveling with post-horses. PfiST'ING, n. 1. The transferring of accounts to a ledger. 2. The traveling post or with post-horses. FOSTiQUE, n. An ornament of sculpture superadded aft- er the original design had been completed. — Francis. F6ST-LI-MIN'I-AR, ) a. Contrived, done, or existing sub- P5ST-LI-MIN'I-OUS, J sequently. FoST-LI-MIN'I-UM, In. [L. post and limen.] Postliminium, PoST-LIM'I-NY, 5 among the Romans, was the return of a person to his own country who had gone to sojourn in a foreign country. — In the modern law of nations, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which persons and things, taken by an enemy in war. are restored to their former state, when coming again under the power of the nation to which they belonged. PoST'MAN, n. A post or courier ; a letter-carrier. POSTMASTER, n. 1. The officer who has the superintend- ence and direction of a post-office. — 2. On the continent of Europe, one who provides post-horses. — 3. At Merton Col- lege, Oxford, the scholars who are supported on the foun- dation are called postmasters, or portionists (portionista). Oxford Guide. — Postmaster-general is the chief officer of the post-office department. PoST'NaTE, a. [L. post and natiis.] Subsequent. [Rare.] PoST-PoNE', v. t. [L. postpono.] 1. To put off to a future or later time. 2. To set below something else in value or importance. Locke. — Syn. To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate ; retard ; hinder. P0ST-P0N.ED' (poet-pond), pp. Delayed ; deferred to a fu- ture time ; set below in value. PoST-PoNE'MENT, n. The act of deferring to a future time ; temporary delay of business. — T. Pickering. fPcST-PoN'ENCE, n. Dislike.— Johnson. PoST-PoN'ER, n. One who delays or puts off.—Paley. PoST-PoN'ING, ppr. Deferring to a future time. PoST-PO-Sl"TION (-zish'un), n. [post and position.] The state cf bein? put back or out of the regular place. PoST-POS'I-TlVE, a. Placed after something else, as a . _word. P0ST-RE-M0TE', a. [post and remote.] More remote in subsequent time or order. — Darwin. PoST-SCE'NI-UM, n. The back part of the theatre behind the scenes. POSTSCRIPT, n. [L. post and scriptum.] A paragraph added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the writer ; or any addition made to a book or composition after it had been supposed to be finished. — Addison. PoSTSCRIPT-ED, a. Added in a postscript.— J. Q. Adams. POSTU-LANT, n. One who makes a demand or request. POSTULATE, n. [L. postulatum.] 1. A position or suppo- sition assumed without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident, or too plain to require illustration. — 2. In mathematics, a self-evident problem, or one which is so obvious as to need no demonstration or explication. — Hutton. POSTU-LXTE, v. t. 1. To beg or assume without proof. — Brown ; [little used.] 2. To invite ; to solicit ; to require by entreaty. — Burnet. 3. To assume; to take without positive consent.— Tooke. PO&TU-Li-TED,jpp. Assumed without proof; invited. POSTU-LXTING, ppr. Assuming; inviting; soliciting. POST-U-La'TION, n. [L. postulalio.] 1. The act of sup- posing without proof ; gratuitous assumption. 2. Suppli- cation ; intercession ; also, suit ; cause. fOSTU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Assuming without proof. 2. As- sumed without proof. — Brown. POST-U-La'TUM, n. [L.] A postulate.— Addison. POSTURE (posf yur), n. [Fr. ; L. positura.] 1. In painting and sculpture, attitude ; position ; the situation of a figure with regard to the eye, and of the several principal mem- bers with regard to each other, by which action is ex- pressed. 2. Situation ; condition ; particular state with regard to something else. 3. Situation of the body. 4. State , condition. 5. The situation or disposition of the 6everal parts of the body with respect to each other, or with reapect to a particular purpose. 6. Disposition ; frame. POSTURE, v. t. To place in a particular manner ; to dis- pose the parts of a body for a particular purpose. POSTURE-MASTER, n. One who teaches or practices artificial postures of the body. — Spectator. ■*OS'TUR£D, pp. Placed in a particular manner. POSTUR-ING, ppr. Disposing the parts of the body for a particular purpose. Po'SY, n. [qu. poesy.] 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, Sec —Addison. 2. A bunch of flowers.— Spenser. POT, n. [Fr. pot; Ir. pota; Sw. poua; Dan. potte; W. pot.] 1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron or other metal, used for several domestic purposes. 3< The quantity contained in a pot ; as, a pot of ale, that is, « quart. 3. A sort of paper of-small-sized sheets. — To go te pot, to be destroyed, ruined, wasted, or expended ; [low.] POT, v. t. 1. To preserve seasoned in pots. 2. To inclcae. or cover in pots of earth. 3. To put in casks for draining, as sugar. POT-ILE, n. [pot and ale.] A name in some places gives to the refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten swine. POT-BEL-LI.ED, a. Having a prominent belly. POT-BEL-LY, n. A protuberant belly. POT-BOY, n. A menial in a public house. POT-€OM-PAN'ION, n. A companion in drinking. tPOT'-GUN, for pop-gun.— Swift. POT-HANG-ER, n. [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook. POT-HERB (pof-erb), n. A term applied to herbs whico are added to soups, stews, and various dishes, to increase their nutritious qualities, or to give them flavor, as parsiey om. Econ. POT-HOOK, n. 1. A hook on which pots and kettles an hung over the fire. 2. A letter or character like a pot- hook ; a scrawled letter. POT-HOUSE, n. A low drinking-house. POT-LID, n. The lid or cover of a pot.— Derhum. POT-LUCK, n. What may chance to be provided for din- ner. — Halliwell. POT-MAN, n. A pot-companion. POT'-SToNE, n. A mineral ; a variety of steatite, some- times manufactured into culinary vessels. POT-VAL'IANT, a. [pot and valiant.] Courageous over _the cup ; heated to valor by strong drink. P5TA-BLE, a. (Fr. ; Low L. potabilis.] Drinkable. — Milton PoTA-BLE, n. Something that may be drank. PoTA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being drinkable POTA6E, n. See Pottage. POTA-6ER, n. [from potage.] A porringer.— Grew. PO-TAG'RO, ? n. A kind of pickle imported from the West PO-TaR'GO, i Indies.— King. POT-A-MOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. norauos, a river, and Aoyos, dis course.l A treatise on rivers. PoTANCE, n. With watchmakers, the stud in which the lower pivot of the verge is placed. — Scott. POTASH, n. [pot and ashes ; D. potasch ; Dan. potaskt : Fr potasse.] The popular name of the vegetable fixed alkai) in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by lixiviation and evaporation. PO-TAS'SA, n. The scientific name of pure potash. POTAS'SI-UM, n. The metallic basis of pure potash. PO-Ta'TION, n. [L. potatio.] 1. A drinking or drinking bout. 2. A draught. 3. A species of drink. — Shak. POTATO, n. [Ind. batatas.] A plant, and the esculent part of the root of the solanum tuberosum, a native of South America. — Sweet, or Carolina potato. See Sweet Potato. Po'TA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to drinking; as, potatory powers. t POTCH, v. t. [Fr. pechsr ; Eng. to poke.] 1. To thrust ; to push. — Shak. 2. To poach ; to boil slightly. — Wiseman. POTCH, v. i. [Fr. pocher.] To push ; to thrust— Siiak. PO-TEEN', n. Irish whisky. P5TE-LOT, n. The sulphuret of molybdenum. Po'TENCE, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a cross, whose ends re- semble the head of a crutch ; also called a cross potence, — Encyc. Po'TEN-CY, n. [L. patsraiia.] 1. Power ; physical power, energy, cr efficacy ; strength ; might. 2. Moral power influence ; authority. Po'TENT, a. [L. potens.] 1. Having physical power, ener- gy, or efficacy. 2. Having power or efficacy, [in a moral sense ;] hanng great influence. 3. Having great authority, control or dominion. — Syn. Powerful; mighty; puissant- strong ; able ; efficient ; forcible ; efficacious ; cogeat ; in- fluential. t P o'TEN T, n. 1. A prince ; a potentate. — Shak. 2. A walk- ing staff or crutch.— Chaucer. t PoTENT-A-C Y, n. Sovereignty.— Barrow. PoTENT-ATE, 71. [Fr. potentat; It. potentate.] A persor who possesses great power or sway ; a prince ; a sover- eign ; an emperor, king, or monarch. POTENTIAL (-shal), a. [L. potentialis.] 1. Having po wez to impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the qualities are not inherent in the thing. 2. Existing in possibility, not in act. 3. Efficacious ; powerful ; [obs.]— Potential cautery, see Cautery. — Potential mode, in gram- mar, is that form of the verb which is used to express th* power, possibility, liberty, or necessity of an action or ol being. POTENTIAL, 71. Any thing that m«y be possible. ■ See Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long.—l, E, I. &c, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— MARINE, El P D , -MOV*, BOtJE, POU 765 POW POTENTIALITY, n. Possibility : not actuality.— Taylor. PO-TEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. In possibility ; not in act ; not positively. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality. Po'TENT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great force or en- ergy. P5TENT-NESS,7i. Powerfulness ; strength ; might. [Rare.] f POTESTATIVE, a. [L. potestas.] Authoritative. POTH'E-€A-RY. Contracted from apothecary, and very vulgar. POTH'ER n. [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother.] 1. Bustle ; confusion ; tumult ; flutter. — Swift ; [low.] 2. A suifocating cloud. — Drayton. • POTH'ER, v. i. To make a blustering, ineffectual effort ; to make a stir. * POTH'ER, v. t. Te harass and perplex ; to puzzle. POTHERED, pp. Harassed and perplexed. POTHERING, ppr. Perplexing; puzzling. PoTION, n. [Fr. ; L. potio.] A draught ; usually, a liquid medicine ; a dose. — Milton. POT-M ET-AL, n. A name vulgarly given to the metal of which iron pots are made, from an erroneous idea that it is something different from common pig-iron. — Wilcox. POTSHERD, ) n. [pot, and Sax. sceard ; D. potscherf] A POT'SHaRE, 5 piece or fragment of a broken pot. — Job, ii. POTTAGE, n. [Fr. ; It. potaggio. The early orthography, potage, would be preferable.] A species of food made of meat boiled to softness in water, usually with some vege- tables. POTTED, pp. or a. Placed, preserved, or drained in a pot or cask. POTTER, n. One whose occupation is to make earthen vessels. — Dryden. POTTER. See Pudder. POTTERN-oRE, n. A species of ore, used by potters to glaze their ware. — Boyle. POTTER'S-CLIY, n. A variety of clay, used by potters. POTTER- Y, n. [Fr. poterie.] 1. The vessels or ware made by potters ; earthen-ware. 2. The place were • earthen vessels are manufactured. POTTING, n. 1. Drinking ; tippling. 2. A placing or pre- serving in a pot.— -3. In the West Indies, the process of putting sugar in casks for draining. • POTTING, ppr. Placing or preserving in a pot ; draining, as above ; drinking. POTTLE, n. [W. potel] 1. A liquid measure of four pints. 2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard. — 3. Mere commonly now, a vessel or small basket for holding fruit. — Smart. tPOTU LENT, a. [L. potulentus.] 1. Nearly drunk; rath- er tipsy. 2. Fit to drink. POT-WAULOP-ER n. A term applied to voters in certain boroughs in England, where all who boil (wallop) a pot are entitled to vote. — Encyc. Am. POUCH, n. [Fr. poche.] 1. A small bag ; usually, a leathern bag to be carried in the pocket. 2. A protuberant belly. 3. The bag or sack of a bird, as that of the pelican. POUCH, v. U 1. To pocket ; to save. 2. To swallow ; used of fowls, whose crop is called, in French, poche. 3. To pout ; [obs.~} tPOUCH'-MOUTHED, a. Blubber-lipped.— Ainsworth. POUCHED (poucht), pp. Pocketed ; swallowed. POUCHING, ppr. Pocketing; saving; swallowing. PdU-CHONG' (poo-shongO, n. A kind of black tea. POU-DRETTE', n. [Fr.] A powerful manure, made from the contents of necessaries, dried and mixed with char- coal, gypsum, &c. \ PoUL'-Da-VIS, n. A sort of sail-cloth.— A insworth. POULE. See Pool. POULP, n. [Fr. poulpe.] An eight-footed, dibranchiate ceph- alopod, as the paper-nautilus, allied to the cuttle-fish. — Brande. f PoULT, n. [Fr. poulet.] A young chicken, partridge, &c. PoULTER-ER, n. [Norm, pokairc.] 1. One who makes it his business to sell fowls for the table. — 2. Formerly, in England, an officer of the king's household, who had the charge of the poultry. [Shaltspeare uses Poulter.] P5ULTICE. (pol'tis), n. [It. polta; L. puis, pultis.] A cata- plasm ; a soft composition to be applied to sores. P5ULTICE, v. t. To apply or cover with a cataplasm. POULTICED (-tist), pp. or a. Covered with a poultice. PoULTIC-ING, ppr. Covering with a poultice. fPoULTIVE, for poultice.— Temple. POULTRY, n. [from Fr. poule, poulet.] Domestic fowls which are propagated and fed for the table, and for their eggs, feathers, &c. PoULTRY-YlRD, n. A yard or place where fowls are kept for the use of the table. POUNCE (pouns), n. [Fr. pierre-ponce.] 1. A powder to prevent ink from spreading on paper after erasures, as sandarach pulverized. 2. Colored powder sprinkled over pricked papers in drawing patterns, &c. — Brande. 3. Cloth worked in eyelet-holes. — Todd. POUNCE, v. t. To sprinkle or rub with pounce. *OUNCE, n. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. POUNCE, v. t. To fall on suddenly , to fall an and seiz* with the claws : with on or upon. POUNCE'-BOX, n. A small box with a perforated iid, used for sprinkling pounce on paper. POUNCED (pounst), pp. or a. 1. Furnished with claws o> talons. 2. Sprinkled with pounce. t POUN'CET-BOX, n. A small box with perforations or the top, to hold perfumes for smelling. — Shah. — Toone. POUN'CING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with claws. 2. Fallhi|. suddenly on, and seizing with the claws. 3. Sprinkling with pounce. POUND, n. [Sax, Goth., Sw., Dan. pund; D. pond.) 1. A standard weight consisting of twelve ounces Troy or sis teen ounces avoirdupois. 144 pounds avoirdupois ari? equal to 175 pounds Troy. 2. A money of account con si sting of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in different countries and states. The pound sterling is by law equivalent to $4 44^ cts. money of the United States. POUND, n. [Sax. pyndan, pindan.] An inclosure erected by authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation of law; a pin-fold. POUND, v. t. To confine in a public pound. POUND, v. t. [Sax. punian.] 1. To beat; to strike with some heavy instrument. — Dryden. 2. To comminute and pulverize by beating. POUND FOOLISH. The phrase penny-wise and pound- foolish signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but careful to save small sums. POUND'-KEEP-ER, n. One who has the care of a pound. POUND'AgE, n. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid for each pound. Swift. — 2. In England, a subsidy of V2d. in the pound, formerly granted to the crown on all goods exported or imported. POUNDBREACH (-brech), n. The breaking of a public pound for releasing beasts confined in it. — Blackstone. POUND'ED, pp. or a. 1. Leaten or bruised with a heavy instrument ; pulverized or broken by pounding. 2. Con- fined, in a pound ; impounded. POUND'ER, 7i. 1. A pestle ; the instrument of pounding. 2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number of pounds ; as, a six-pounder, i. e., a cannon which carries a ball of six pounds. 3. A large pear. POUND'ING, ppr. Beating ; bruising ; pulverizing ; im- pounding. PoUP'ETON, 7i. [Fr. poupee.] A puppet or little baby. POU'PICS, 7i. pi. In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal steaks and slices of bacon. — Bailey. * PoUR (pore), v. t. [W. bwrw.] 1. To throw, as a fluid in a stream, either out of a vessel or into it. 2. To emit ; to send forth in a stream or continued succession. 3. To send forth. 4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelm- ing force. * PoUR, v. i. 1. To flow ; to issue forth in a stream or con- tinued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current 2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession. * PoURED, pp. Sent forth; thrown, as a fluid. * PoUR/ER, n. One who pours. * PoUR'ING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid ; driving in a current or continued stream. P6UR'LIEu (purlu). See Purlieu. PoUR-PRESTURE, n. [Fr. pour and pris.] In law, a wrong- ful inclosure or encroachment on another man's property. P6URSUI-VANT (pur'swe-). See Pursuivant. P6UR-VEY'ANCE (pur-va'-). See Purveyance. POUSSE^ corrupted from pulse, peas.— Spenser. POUT, n. 1. A sea-fish of the cod kind. It has the power of inflating a membrane which covers the eyes and neigh- boring parts of the head.— Yarrell. 2. A species of bird. — Carew. 3. A fit of sullenness ; [colloquial] POUT, v. i. [Fr. bouder.] 1. To thru3t out the lips, as in sullenness, contempt, or displeasure ; hence, to look sul- len. — Shak. 2. To shoot out ; to be prominent. — Dryden. POUTING, ppr. 1. Shooting out, as the lips. 2. Looking sullen. POUTING, 7i. Childish sullenness. POU1TNG-LY, adv. With pouting. POVERTY, n. [Norm, pouerti ; Fr. pauvretb ; It. povertd, L. paupertas.] 1. Destitution of property or of convenient means of subsistence. 2. Barrenness of sentiment or or- nament ; defect. 3. Insufficiency or defect of words. — Syn. Indigence ; penury ; beggary ; necessity ; neediness ; need ; lack ; want ; scantiness ; sparingness ; meagerness ; jejuneness. POWDER, 71. [Fr. poudre.] 1. Any dry substance com- posed of minute particles. 2. A composition of saltpetre sulphur, and charcoal, mixed and granulated ; gunpowder. 3. Hair-powder ; pulverized starch. — Powder of Algaroth ; see Algaroth. POWDER, v. t. 1. To reduce to fine particles ; to commi nute ; to pulverize ; to triturate ; to pound, grind, or rub into fine particles. 2. To spiinkle with powder. 3. To sprinkle with salt ; to corn, as meat — Bacon. __^ DOVE ;--ByLL, UNITE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— G as K ; . Di- vinity ; a eelestial or invisible being or agent supposed to have dominion over some part of creation. 16. That which has physical power ; an army ; a navy ; a host ; a military force. 17. Legal authority; warrant. — 18. In arithmetic and algebra, the product arising from the multiplication of a number into itsslf ; as, a cube is the third power. Any number is called the first power of itself. — 19. In Scripture, right; privilege. — John, i. 20. Angels, good or bad. — Col, i. 21. Violence; force; compulsion. — Ezek., iv. 22. Christ is called the Power of God. 1 Cor., i. — 23. The powers of heaven may denote the celestial luminaries. — Matt., xxiv. 24. Satan is said to have the power of death. — 25. In vulgar language, a large quantity ; a great number ; [obs.] — Pow- er of attorney, a written authority given to a person to act for another. POWEPl-LOOM, n. A loom moved by mechanical power. POWER-PRESS, n. A printing-press worked by steam, water, or other power. POWER-FUL, a. 1. Having great physical or mechanical power. 2. Having great moral power, or power to per- suade or convince the mind. 3. Possessing great political and military power ; extent of dominion or national re- soui'ces. 4. Possessing or exerting great force, or produc- ing great effects. — 5. In general, able to produce great ef- fects; exerting great force or energy. 6. Having great strength^ or intensity.— Syn. Mighty ; potent ; puissant ; strong ; intense ; forcible ; cogent ; influential ; efficacious. POWER-FUL-LY, adv. With great force or energy ; po- tently ; mightily ; with great effect ; forcibly. POWER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of having or exerting great power; force; power; might.— Hahewill. POWER-LESS, a. Destitute of power ; weak; impotent. POWER-LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of power.— Chalmers. POWL'DRON, n. [qu. Fr. epaule.] In heraldry, that part of armor which covers the shoulders. POWTER, \n. A variety of the common domestic pigeon, POU'TER, 5 with an inflated breast. POWWOW, > n. 1. Among the North American Indians, an PAWWAW, 5 Indian priest or conjurer. Hence, 2. Con- juration for the cure of diseases and other purposes, at- tended with great noise and confusion, and often with dancLig.— Carver. POX. n. [a corruption of pocks ; Sax. poc or pocc ; D. pok. It is properly a plural word, but by usage is singular.} S*~ictly, pustules or eruptions of any land, but chiefly or wholiy restricted to three or four diseases, the small-pox, chicken-pox, the vaccine, and the venereal diseases. Pox, Su Synopsis. A, E, I, &c, long . -I, E, I, &c, short.— FIR, FAL L. WHAT when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues ve- nerea. POY, n. [Sp. apoyo.] A rope-dancer's pole. PoZE, for pose, to puzzle. See Pose. POZ-ZU-O-LA'NA, In. Volcanic ashes used in the manu- POZ-ZO-La'NA, ) facture of a mortar which hardens under water. They are exported from Pozzuoli, a town in Italy. PRAAM (pram), n. [D.] A flat-bottomed boat or lighter, used in Holland and the Baltic. tPRACTIC was formerly used for practical, and Spenser uses it in the sense of artful. PRAC-TI-GA-BIL'I-TY, > n. The quality or state of being PRACTI-CA-BLE-NESS, 5 practicable ; feasibility. PRACTI-CA-BLE, a. [Fr. practicable ; It. praticabile ; Sp. practicable.] 1. That may be done, effected, or performed by human means, or by powers that can be applied ; feas- ible. It is sometimes synonymous with possible, but the words differ in this : possible is applied to that which might be performed, if the necessary powers or means could be obtained ; practicable is limited in its application to things which are to be performed by the means given, or which may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift the world, but it was not practicable. 2. That may be prac- ticed. 3. That admits of use, or that may be passed or traveled, as a road. — In military affairs, a practicable breach is one that can be entered by troops. PRACTI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be per- form ed. — Rogers. PRACTI-CAL, a. [L. practicus ; It. pratico ; Fr. pratique.] 1. Pertaining to practice or action. 2. Capable of prac- tice or active use ; opposed to speculative. — South. 3. That may be used in practice ; that may be applied to use. 4. That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use ; [used of persons.] 5. Derived from practice or experience. PRACTI-CAL JoKE, n. A trick played upon some one, usually to the injury or annoyance of his person. PRACTI-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In relation to practice. 2. By means of practice or use ; by experiment. 3. In practice or use. PRACTI-OAL-NESS, ? „- v , -, . .. , PRA€-TI-GAL'I-TY s n ' quality of being practical. PRACTICE (prak'tis), n. [Sp. ■p-actica ; It. pratica ; Fr. pra- tique.] 1. Frequent or customary actions ; a succession of acts of a similar kind or in a like employment. 2. Use ; customary use. 3. Dexterity acquired by use. — SJiak. [unusual] 4. Actual performance ; distinguished from theory. 5. Application of remedies ; medical treatment of diseases. 6. Exercise of any profession. 7. Frequent use ; exercise for instruction or discipline. 8. Skillful or artful management ; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means ; art ; stratagem ; artifice ; [usually in a bad sense.] 9. A rule in arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules are abridged in the use. — Syn. Custom ; usage ; hab- it; manner. PRACTICE, v. t. [from the noun. The orthography of the verb ought to be the same as that of the noun • as in notice and to notice.] 1. To do or perform frequently, customari- ly, or habitually. 2. To use or exercise any profession or art. 3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline, or dexterity. 4. To commit; to perpetrate.— Marshall. 5- To use. — Mitford ; [unusual] PRACTICE, v. i. 1. To perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement. 2. To form a habit of acting in any manner. 3. To trans- act or negotiate secretly. — Addison. 4. To try artifices. 5. To use evil arts or stratagems. 6. To use medical methods or experiments. 7. To exercise any employ- ment or profession. PRACTICED (prak'tist), pp. 1. Done by a repetition of acts-; customarily performed or used. 2. a. Having had much practice ; as, a practiced speaker. PRACTI-CER, n. One who practices ; one who customs rily performs certain acts. 2. One who exercises a pro fession ; a practitioner ; [little used.] PRACTI-CING, ppr. 1. Performing or using customarily ; exercising, as an art or profession. 2. a. Engaged in any professional employment, as a lawyer. t PRACTI-SANT, n. An agent.— Stiak. PRACTISE, v. t. and v. i. See Pkactice. [There is no reas- on why the noun and verb should not both be spelled with c, as in notice, sacrifice, apprentice, and all like casea where the accent precedes the last syllable. The distinc- tion in spelling between the noun and the verb properly belongs only to words which are accented on the last syl- lable, as device and devise, where the verb has the sound of ize. The spelling practise tends to give it the same sound, as we often see in uneducated persons ; and hence it is de- sirable to follow the regular analogy, and write the noun and verb alike.] PRA€-TI"TION-ER. (-tish'un-er), n. 1. One who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art r.r profession, par- ticularly in law or medicine. 2. One who does a»y thing PREY;— MARINE, BtRDT Ut Vj£"»QQHJT PRA 767 PRA customarily or habitually. — Whugift. 3. One who prac- tices sly or dangerous arts. — South. PR^EC'I-PE (pres v i-py), n, [L.] In law, a writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglect- ing it. PRjE-COG'NI-TA, n. pi [L. before known.] Things previ- ously known, in order to understand something else. PR. used in Holland. — 2. In military affairs, a kind of floating battery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting sever- al cannon, used in covering the disembarkation of troops. PRANCE (prans), v. i. [W. pranciaw.] 1. To spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle. S. To ride with bound ing movements; to ride ostentatiously. 3. To walk oi strut about in a showy manner or with warlike parade PR&NC'IXG, ppr. or a. Springing; bounding; riding with gallant show. PRANCING, n. A springing or bounding, as of a high-spir ited horse. — Judg., v. PRANK, v. t. [G. prangen ; D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy manner ; to dress o:: adjust to ostentation. —Milton. PRANK, n. [W. pranc] 1. A wild flight ; a capering. 2. A capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry trick, or a mis- chievous act, rather for sport than injury. — Sxn. Gambol frolic ; freak ; sport. PRANK, a. Frolicsome ; full of gambols or tricks. PRANKT ' \PP' Adornecl in a showy manner. PRANK'ER, n. One who dresses ostentatiously. PRANKING, ppr. Setting off or adorning for display PRANKING, n. Ostentatious display of dress. PRANKISH, a. Full of pranks. PRaSE, n. Opaque massive green quartz.— P. Cyc. PRAS'I-NOUS, a. [L. prasinus.] Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture. — Lindley. PRa'SON (pra'sn), n. [Gr. jrpaaov.] A leek; also, a sea- weed green as a leek. — Bailey. PRaTE, v. i. [D. praaten.] To talk much, and without weight, or to little purpose ; to be loquacious. Shah. Syn. To babble ; chatter ; gossip ; tattle. PRaTE, v. t. To utter foolishly.— Dnjden. PRaTE, n. Continued talk to little purpose ; trifling talk ; unmeaning loquacity. — Shah. PRaT'ER, n. One who talks much to little purpose, or on trifling subjects. — Southern. PRaT'ING, ppr. or a. Talking much on a trifling subject; talking idly. n. Foolish, idle talk. PRaT'ING-LY, adv. With much idle talk; with loquacity. PRATIQUE (prafeek), n. [It. pratica ; Sp. practica ; Fr p? atique.] In commerce, primarily, converse ; intercourse. Hence, a license or permission to hold intercourse and tiade with the inhabitants of a place, aitei having per- formed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship did not come from an infected place ; a term used particu- larly in the south of Europe. PRATTLE, v. i. [dim. of pi-ate.] To talk much and idly- like a child ; to be loquacious on trifling subjects. — Locke. PRATTLE, n. Trifling talk ; loquacity on trivial subjects. PRATTLE-MENT, n. Prattle.— Hayley. PRATTLER, n. An idle talker.— Herbert. PRATTLING, ppr. or a. Talking much on trivial affairs. PRAV'I-TY, n. [L. pravitas.] Deviation from right ; mora! perversion ; depravity ; wickedness ; corruption ; want of rectitude ; corrupt state. — South. PRAWN, n. A small crustaceous animal of the shrimp fam- ily, highly prized for food. PRAXTS, n. [Gr.] 1. Use ; practice. — Coventry. 2. An ex- ample or form to teach practice. — Lowth. PRaY, v. i. [Fr. prier ; It. pregare ; L. precor.] 1. To ask with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something desirable. 2. To ask, as for a favor, as in application to a legislative body. — 3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with solemnity and reverence, with adoration, con- fession of sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving _for blessings received. — 4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, or let me know, is a common kiiode of introducing a question. — Syn. To entreat ; supplicate ; beg ; implore ; beseech; petition. PR.IY, v. t. 1. To siipplicate ; to entreat ; to urge. — 2. In worship, to supplicate ; to implore ; to ask with reverence and humility. 3. To petition. 4. To ask or entreat in ceremony or form. — To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for help one who has interest in the cause. PRAYJ5D, prit. and pp., from Pray. Supplicated. PRaY'ER, n. 1. In a ginwal sense, the act of asking for a favor, and particularly with earnestness. — 2. In worship, a solemn address to the Supreme Being. 3. A formula of church service, or of worship, public or private. 4 Prac- tice of supplication. 5. The thing asked or requested ; as. the prayer of the petitioner. — Syn. Petition; orison; sup- plication; entreaty; suit; request. ' PRaY'ER-BOOK, n. A book containing prayers or the forms of devotion, public or private. — Swift. PRaY'ER-FUL, a. 1. Devotional ; given to prayer. 2. Using much prayer. PR1Y'ER-FUL-LY, adv. With much prayer. PRa Y'ER-FUL-NESS, n. The use of much prayer. PRaY'ER-LESS, a. Not using prayer; habitually neglect- ing the duty of prayer to God. PRaY'ER-LESS-LY, adv. With neglect of prayer. PRaY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or habitual neglect of prayer. — T. H. Skinner. PRIY'ING, ppr. 1. Asking, supplicating. 2. a. Given to praver. PRaY'ING-LY, adv. With supplication to God. D6VE ;— BLJLL, UN] TE ;— AN"GER, VI"CIOUS.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. PRE 768 PRE /•RE. an English prefix, is the L.pra, before, probably a con- tracted word ; Russ. pred. It expresses priority of time or rank. PRE-AC-CU-SI'TION, n. Previous accusation.— Lee. PREACH (preech), v. i. [D. preeken ; Fr. pricker.] 1. To Eronounce a public discourse on a religious subject, or •om a text of Scripture. 2. To discourse on the Gospel way of salvation, and exhort to repentance. PREACH, v. t. 1. To proclaim ; to publish in religious dis- courses. 2. To inculcate in public discourses. 3. To de- liver in public, as a discourse. — To preach up, to discourse in favor of. — Dry den. \ PRE ACH, n. A religious discourse. — Hooker. PREACH.ED (pp. pron. preecht, and a. preech'ed), pp. or a. Proclaimed; announced in public discourse; incul- cated. PReACH'ER, n. 1. One who discourses publicly on relig- ious subjects. 2. One who inculcates any thing with ear- nestness. f PReACH'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a preacher. PREACHING, ppr. Proclaiming ; publishing in discourse ; inculcating. PReACH'ING, n. The act of preaching ; a public religious discourse. — MiVner. PReACH'MAN, n. A preacher. — Howell. [In contempt.] PREACHMENT, n. A discourse or sermon ; [in contempt ;] a discourse affectedly solemn. — Shah. PRE-AC-QUIINTANCE, n. Previous acquaintance. PRE-AC-QUaINT'ED, a. Previously acquainted. PRE-AD-AM'I_€, a. Prior to Adam.— J. Taylor. PRE-ADAM-lTE, n. [pre, before, and Adam.] An inhabit- ant of the earth who lived before Adam. — Pereyra. PRE-AD-AM-IT'IC, a. Designating what existed before Ad- am. — Kirwan. PRE-AD-MIN-IS-TRI'TION, n. Previous administration. PRE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish previously. PRE-AD-MONT3H.ED (-isht), pp. Previously admonished. PRE-AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. FRE-AD-MO-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. Previous warning or admonition. PReAM-BLE, n. [It. preambolo ; Sp. preambulo ; Fr. pream- bule.] 1. Something previous ; introduction to a discourse or writing. 2. The introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the lav/. PReAM-BLE, v. t. To preface ; to introduce with previous remarks. — Feltham. PRE A.M-BL.E D, pp. Introduced with previous remarks. I PRE-AM'BU-LOuJ' S a ' Previous i introductory.— Brown. PRE-AM'BU-LaTE, v. i. [L. prce and ambulo.] To walk or go before. — Jordan. PRE-AM-BU-LI'TION, n. 1. A preamble.— Chaucer; [obs.] 2. A walking or goina; before. PRE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Going before ; preceding PRE-AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. A term indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word. PRE-AP-POINT, v. t. To appoint previously. PRE-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Previous appointment.— Tucker. PRE-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. An opinion formed before examination. — Brown. f PReASE, n. Press ; crowd. — Chapman. See Phess. PReAS'ING. ppr. or a. Crowding. — Spenser. PRE-AS-SuRANCE, n. Previous assurance.— Coleridge. PRE-AUDI-ENCE, n. Precedence or rank at the bar among lawyers ; right of previous audience. —Blackstone. PREB'END, n. [It. prebenda; Sp. prebenda; Fr. prcbevde.] 1. The stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church. 2. A prebendary; [obs.] PRE-BENDAL, a. Pertaining to a prebend.— Chesterfield. PREB'END-A-RY, n. [Fr. prebendier.] An ecclesiastic who enjoys a prebend ; the stipendiary of a cathedral or col- legiate church.— Swift. PREB'END-A-RY-SHIP, n. The office of a prebendary ; a canonry. — Wotton. PRE-CA'RI-OUS, a. [L. prccarius.] 1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another ; held by courtesy ; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another. 2. Held by no certain tenure ; depending on unknown or unforeseen causes or events.— Syn. Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful : dubious ; equivocal. PRE-CI-RI-OUS-LY, adv. At the will or pleasure of others ; dependently ; by an uncertain tenure. PRE-€A'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Uncertainty; dependence on the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events. PRECA-TIVE, \a. [L. precor.] Suppliant; beseeching PRECA-TO-RY, 5 —Harris. h PRE-€AU'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. pracautus.] Previous caution or care ; caution previously employed to prevent mis- chief or secure good in possession. PRE-CAU'TION, v. t. To warn or advise beforehand for preventing mischief or securing good. — Locke. PRE-CAUTION-AL, a. Preventive of mischief. PRE-€AU'TTON-A-RY, a. 1. Containing previous caution 2. Proceeding from previous caution ; adapted to prevent mischief or secure good. PRE-GAUTION.ED, pp. Warned beforehand. PRE-CAU'TION-ING, ppr. Previously advising. PRE-CAUTIOUS, a. Taking precautionary measures. PRE-CAUTIOUS-LY, adv. With previous caution. PRE-CE-DI'NE OUS, a. [from precede, L. prcecedo.] Pro- ceding; antecedent; anterior. — Hale. PRE-CeDE', v. t. [L. pracedo.] 1. To go before in the order of time. 2. To go before in rank or importance. 3. To cause something to go before ; to make to take place in prior time. PRE-CeD'ED, pp. Being gone before. PRE-CeD'ENCE, \ n. 1. The act or state of going before, PRE-CeD'EN-CY, 3 with respect to time. 2. The state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place of honor ; the right to a more honorable place. 3. The foremost in ceremony. 4. Superior importance or influ- ence. — Syn. Antecedence ; priority ; pre-eminence ; pref- erence; superiority. PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time ; anterior ; ante- cedent ; previous. — Hale. PREC'E-DENT, n. 1. Something done or said, that may serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subse- quent act of the like kind. — 2. In law, a judicial decision, interlocutory or final, which serves as a rule or authority for future determinations in similar or analogous cases. PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having a precedent ; authorized by an example of a like kind. PRE-Ce'DENT-LY, adv. Beforehand ; antecedently. PRE-CeD'ING, ppr. or a. Going before in time, rank, Sic. — Syn. Antecedent ; previous ; anterior ; prior ; forego- ing; former. t PRE-CEL'LENCE, n. Excellence.— Slieldon. PRE-CEN'TOR, n. [Low L. pmccntor ; Fr. precenteur.] L The leader of a choir in a cathedral.— Hook. 2. The lead- er of the congregation in the psalmody of the Scottish churches. PRE-CEN'TOR-SHIP, n. The employment or office of a precentor. PRe'CEPT, n. [Fr. precepte ; Sp. precepto ; L. prccceptum.] 1. In a general sense, any thing commanded or enjoined as an authoritative rule of action ; but applied particularly to commands respecting moral conduct. — 2. In law, a com- mand given in writing. — Syn. Commandment; injunc- tion ; mandate ; order ; law ; rule ; direction ; instruction ; doctrine ; principle ; maxim. t PRE-CEP'TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts.— Shak. t PRE-CEPTION, n. A precept.— Hall. PRE-CEP'TlVE, a. [L. prccccptivus.] 1. Giving precepts or commands for the regulation of moral conduct; contain- ing precepts. 2. Directing in moral conduct ; giving rules or directions ; didactic. PRE-CEP'TOR, n. [L. prteceptor.] 1. In a gms-:al sense, a teacher ; an instructor. — 2. In a restricted sense, the teach- er of a school ; sometimes, the principal teacher of an acad- emy or other seminary. — 3. Among the knights templar t the head of a preceptory. PRE-CEP-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a preceptor.— Liter- ary Magazine. PRE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Giving precepts.— Anderson. PRE-CEP'TO-RY, n. A manor or estate of the knights tern plar, on which were erected a church and a dwelling house. It was subordinate to the temple or principal house of the knights. — Gwilt. PRE-CEP'TRESS, n. A female teacher. PRE-CES'SION (-sesh'un), n. [Fr. precession ; It. preces- sione.] 1. Literally, the act of going before. — 2. In astron- omy, the precession of the equinoxes is a slow but continual shifting of the equinoctial points from east to west. The amount of precession annually is 50^ seconds. — Olmsted. PRe'CINCT, n. [L. prcecinctus.] 1. The limit, bound, or exterior line encompassing a place. 2. Bounds of juris- diction, or the whole territory comprehended within the limits of authority. 3. A territorial district or division t PPiE-CI-OS'I-TY, for prcciousness or value. — More. PR£"CIOUS (presh'us), a. [Fr. preczeux; L. pretiosus.] 1. Of great price ; costly. 2. Of great value or worth ; very valuable. 3. Highly valued; much esteemed. 4. Worthless; contemptible ; as, this is a precious mockery. — Burke ; [in irony and contempt.] — precious metals, gold and silver, so called on account of their value. PRE"CIOUS-LY (presh'us-1 3>. adv. L Valuably; to a great price. 2. Contemptibly ; [in irony.] PRE"CIOUS-NESS (presh'us nes), n. Valuableness : great value ; high price. PREC'I-PE (pres'i-pyX n. [L p" periority in strength, power in- fluence, or authority; ascendency. — 2. In astrology, the superior influence of a planet. PRE-DOM'IN-ANT, a. [Fr. predominant; It. predominantc.] Having prevalence, or superiority in strength, influence, or authority. — Syn. Prevalent; superior; prevailing; as- cendant; ruling; reigning; controlling; overruling. PRE-DOM'IN-ANT-LY, adv. With superior strength or in- fluence. — Brown. PRE-DOMTN-aTE, v. i. [Fr. predominer ; Sp. predominar.) To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence, or authori- ty ; to be superior ; to have controlling influence. PRE-DOM'IN-ITE, v. t. To rule over. PRE-DOMTN-a-TED, pp. Prevailed or ruled over. PRE-DOM'IN-a-TING, ppr. or a. Having superior strength or influence ; ruling ; controlling. PRE-DOM-IN-a'TION, n. Superior strength or influence PRE-DOOMED', a. Antecedently doomed.— Coleridge. PRE-E-LEGT, v. t. To choose or elect beforehand. PRE-E-LECT'ED, pp. Elected beforehand. PRE-E-LE€'TION, n. Choice or election by previous de- termination of the will. — Prideaux. PRE-EM'I-NENCE, n. [Fr.; It. pre-eminenza.] 1. Superior- ity in excellence ; distinction in something commendable. 2. Precedence ; priority of place ; superiority in rank or dignity. 3. Superiority of power or influence. — i. Some- times in a bad sense ; as, pre-eminence in folly. PRE-EM'I-NENT, a. [Fr. pre and eminent.] 1. Superior in excellence ; distinguished for something commendable or honorable. 2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qualities. PRE-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. 1. In a pre-eminent degree : with superiority or distinction above others. — 2. In a bad sense; as. pre-eminently wicked. PRE-EMPTION, n. [L. pro. and emptio.] 1. The act of pur- chasing before others. 2. The right of purchasing before others. '3. The right of a squatter on the public fands of the United States to purchase in preference to others when the land is sold. Bouvier. — 4. Formerly, in England, the privilege or prerogative, enjoyed by the king, of buying provisions for his household in preference to others, abol- ished by statute 19 Charles II. PREEN, n. [Scot, prein, prin ; Dan. preen.] A forked in- strument used by clothiers in dressing cloth. PREEN, v. t. [Scot, proyne, prunyie ; Chaucer, proine.] To clean, compose, and dress the feathers, as birds, to enable them to glide more easily through the air or water. PRE-EN-GagE', v. t. 1. To engage by previous contract, 2. To engage or attach by previous influence. 3. To en- gage beforehand. PRE-EN-GagED' (pre-en-gajd'), pp. Previously engaged by contract or influence. PRE-EN-GagE'MENT, n. 1. Prior engagement, as by stip- ulation or promise. 2. Any previous attachment binding the will or affections. PRE-EN-GaG'JNG, ppr. Previously engaging. PREEN'ING, ppr. Cleaning and composing the feathers, as birds. PRE-ES-TAB'LISH, v. t. To establish beforehand. PRE-ES-TAB'LISHED, pp. or a. Previously established. PRE-ES-TAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Settling beforehand. PRE-ES-TAB'LISH-MENT, n. Settlement beforehand. PRE-EX-AM-IN-aTTON (x as gz), n. Previous examination. PRE-EX-A.M'INE (-egz-am'in), v. t. To examine beforehand. PRE-EX-AM1N25D, pp. Previouslv examined. PRE-EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Examining beforehand. PRE-EX-IST' (-egz-istO, v. i. To exist beforehand or before something else. PRE-EX-ISTENCE, n. 1. Existence previous to sornething else. — 2. In the East, existence of the soul before itsSmion with the body, or before the body is formed. PRE-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing beforehand; preceding in existence.— Pope. t PRE-EX-I3T-I-MI'TION, n. Previous esteem.— Brow%. PRE-EX-IST'ING, ppr. or a. Previously existing. t PRE-EX-PE€T-A'TION, n. Previous expectation. PREFACE, n. [Fr. ; L. prcefatio.] Something spoken as in- troductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of the main design, or, in general, of whatever is necessary to the understanding of the discourse, book, or essay ; a series of preliminary remarks. — Syn. Introduction ; pre- amble ; proem ; prelude ; pi ologue. PREFACE, v. t. 1. To introduce by preliminary remarks. 2. To face ; toteover. — Cleaveland ; [a ludicrous erase.] PREFACE, v. ?'. To say something introductory. PREFACED (pref'aste), pp. Introduced with preliminary observations. PREFA-CER, n. The writer of a preface.— Dri, £?:■*. PREF'A-CING, ppr. Introducing with prehVfiinar / remarks PREFA-TO-RI-LY, adv. By way of preface. PREF'A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to a preface ; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse. — I>ryden. ' See Synopsis. 1, K, T, &c, long — i, E, X, Sec, short.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARINE, BtRD ;- M- VE, BOOK PRE 771 PRE PRfFEGT. n. [L. prcefectus.] 1. A name given to several Roman officers. The prefect, or warden of the city, at first exercised within the city the powers of the king or con- suls during their absence ; afterward, as a permanent mag- istrate, he was empowered to maintain peace and order in the city. The pretorian prefect was the commander of the pretorian guards. Under Constantine, the prefects be- came governors of provinces. Smith's Diet. — 2. In France, a superintendent of a department of the kingdom, who has the direction of its police establishment, together with ex- tensive powers of municipal regulation. — Brande. PRSTEGT-SHIP. I n. 1. The office of a chief magistrate, * PReFE€T-UPJE, 3 commander, or viceroy. 2. Jurisdic- tion of a prefect. PRE-FER', v. t. [L. pmfcro ; Fr. preferer.] 1. To regard more than another ; to honor or esteem above another. 2. To advance or promote, as to an office or dignity ; to raise ; to exalt. 3. To offer ; to present ; to exhibit ; usu- ally with solemnity, or to a public body. 4. To offer or present ceremoniously ; as, to prefer the bowl. — Pope ; [po- eiicalA PREF'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else ; more eligible ; more desir- able. 2. More excellent ; of better quality. PREF'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being preferable. — Montague. PREF'ER-A-BLY, adv. In preference ; in such a manner as to prefer one thing to another. PREF'ER-ENCE, ». 1. The act of preferring one thing be- fore another ; estimation of one thing above another ; choice of one thing rather than another. 2. The state of being preferred. PRE-FER'MENT, n. [It. prefcrimento.] I. Advancement to a higher office, dignity, or station. 2. Superior place or office. 3. Preference; [obs.] PRE-FERRED' (pre-ferd'), pp. Regarded above others ; el- evated in station. PRE-FER'RER, n. One who prefers. FRE-FERRIXG. ppr. Regarding above others ; advancing to a higher station ; offering ; presenting. PREF'I-DENCE, n. A previous trusting.— Baxter. PREF1-DENT, a. Trusting previously.— Baxter. PRE-FIG'U-RaTE, v. t. To show by antecedent represent- ation. [Little used.] PRE-FIG-U-R1TIOX, iu Antecedent representation by si- militude. — Norris. PRE-FIGTT-RA-TiVE, a. Showing by previous figures, types, or similitude. PRE-FIG'URE (-fig'yur), v. t. [L. pr• t. [ j pi electus.] To read a lecture or pub- lic diiicourse. — Hnsley PRE-LFO'TION, n. I L. i ralectio.] A lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.— Hale. PRE-LE6TOR, n. A reader of discourses ; a lecturer. PRE-LI-BaTION, n. [L. prcrMbo.] 1. Foretaste ; a tasting beforehand or by anticipation. 2. An effusion previous to tasting. PRE-LIM'IN-A-RI-LY, adv. Introductorily ; previously. PRE-LIMTN-A-RY, a. fFr. preliminaire ; It. preliminary] That precedes the main discourse or business. — Syn. In- troductory ; preparatory ; proemial ; previous ; prior ; precedent. PRE-LIM'IN-A-RY, n. That which precedes the main dis- course, work, design, or business ; something previous or preparatory. — Syn. Introduction ; preface ; prelude. * PRe'LUDE or PREL'tTDE, n. [Low L. praludium.] 1. A short flight of music, or irregular air, played by a musi- cian before he begins the piece to be played, or before a full coacert. 2. Something introductory, or that shows what is to follow. 3. Something which indicates a future event. — Syn. Preface; introduction ; preliminary; fore- runner ; harbinger. PRE-LuDE', v. t. 1. To introduce with a previous perform- ance ; to play before. 2. To precede, as an introductory piece^ PRE-LuDE', v. i. To serve as an introduction to. — Dryden. PRE-LuD'ED, pp. Preceded by an introductory perform- ance ;_ preceded. PRE-LuD'ER, n. One who plays a prelude, cr introduces by a previous irregular piece of music. J'RE-LuDTNG, ppr. Playing an introductory air ; preceding. PRE-Lu'DI-OUS, a. Previous ; introductory. — Cleaveland. PRE-Lu'DI-UM, n, [Low L.] A prelude.— Dryden. PRE-Lfj'SiVE, a. Previous ; introductory ; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow. p1IlS1o V |i-LY, } adv ' B 7 wa ^ of introduction. PRE-LO'SO-RY, a. Previous; introductory; prelusive. PRE-MA-TuRE', a. [Fr. premature ; L. prcematurus.] 1. Ripe before the natural or proper time. 2. Happening, arriv- ing, performed, or adopted before the proper time. 3 Ar- riving or received without due authentication or evidence, as a report or account. PRE-MA-TURE'LY, adv. 1. Too soon; too early; before the proper time. 2. Without due evidence or authentica- tion. PRE-MA-TuRE'NESS, In. 1. Ripeness before the natural PRE-MA-Tu'RI-TY, ) or proper time. 2. Too great haste ; unseasonable earliness. PRE-MED'1-TaTE, v. t. [Fr. premediter ; L. prameditor.] To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand ; to contrive and design previously. — Dryden. PRE-MED'I-TITE, v. i. To think, consider, or revolve in the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. — Hooker. PRE-MED'I-TATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation. PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, pp. or a. 1. Previously considered or meditated. 2. Previously contrived, designed, or intend- ed ; deliberate ; willful. PRE-MED'I-TATE-LY, adv. With previous meditation. PRE-MED'I-TI-TING, ppr. Previously meditating , con- triving or intending beforehand. PRE-MED-I-TI'TION, n. [L. pi-cemeditatio.] 1. The act of meditating beforehand ; previous deliberation. 2. Previous contrivance or design formed. PRE-MER'IT, v. t. [pre and merit.] To merit or deserve beforehand. — K. Charles. [Little used.] tPREM'I-CES, n. pi. [Fr. ; L. primitice.] First-fruits. * PR.EM'IER (prem'yer), a, [Fr., from L. primus.] First ; chief; principal. — Swift. * PREMIER, n. The first minister of state ; the prime minister. * PREM'IER-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of the first min- ister of state. PSE-MIL-LEN'NI-AL, a. Previous to the millennium. FRE-MiSE', v. t. [L. pramissus.] 1. To speak or write be- fore, or as introductory to the main subject ; to offer pre- viously, a3 something to explain or aid in understanding what follows. 2. To send before the time ; [obs.] 3. To lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings. 4i To use or apply previously. PRE-MlSE', v. i. To state antecedent propositions.— Swift. PREMISE (prem'is), n. See Premises. PRE-MlS£D', pp. Spoken or written before, as introduc- tory to the main subject. PREM'I-SES, n. pi. [Fr. premisses ; L. pratmissa.] 1. In logic, the first two propositions cf a syllogism, from which°the inference or conclusion is drawn. 2. Propositions ante- cedently supposed or proved.— 3. In law, circumstances premised or set forth previous to the covenants, &c. Also the houses, lands, Sec, proposed to be conveyed by deeds' &c. Hence, tho term is applied to a building and its ad- juncts. PRE-MlSTNG, ppr. Speaking or wilting before laying down the premisej. PREM'ISS, n. A premise. — Whately. See Premises. PRe'MI-UM, n. [L.] 1. Properly, a reward or recompense; a prize to be won by competition ; the reward or prize to be adjudged to the best performance or production. 2. The recompense or prize offered for a specific discovery or for success in an enterprise. 3. A bounty ; something offered or given for the loan of money. 4. The; recom- pense to underwriters for insurance. 5. It is sometimes synonymous with interest. 6. A bounty or incentive. PRE-MON'ISH, v. t. [L. pramoneo.] To forewarn ; to ad monish beforehand. PRE-MON'ISH.ED (-mon'isht), pp. Forewarned. PRE-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. PRE-MON'ISH-MENT, n. Previous warning or admonition • previous information. PRE-MO-Ni"TION (-mo-nish'un), n. Previous warning, nc»- tice, or information. PRE-MON'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. As a premonition. PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous warning or notice. PRE-MON'STRANTS, n. pi. [L. prczmonstrans.] "A religious order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in I io- ardy. PRE-MON'STRaTE, v. t. [L. prcemonstro.] To show before- hand. — Herbert. [Little used.] PRE-MON-STRI'TION, n. A showing beforehand. [Rare.] PRE-MORSE' (pre-mors'), a. [L. prcemordeo.] As if bitten off. — Premorse roots or leaves, in botany, are such as have an abrupt, ragged, and irregular termination, as if bitten off. — Lhidley. PRE-Mo'TION, n. [pre and motion.] Previous motion or excitement to action. — Encyc. * PREM-U-NrRE, n. [See Praemunire.] 1. In law, the of- fense of introducing foreign authority into England, and the writ which is grounded on the offense. 2. The penal- ty incurred by the offense above described. — South. t PRE-MU-NlTE', v. t. To guard against objection ; to for- tify. PRE-MU-Nl"TION (-nish'un), n. [L. prcemunit'w, from pra- munio.] An anticipation of objections. — Diet. PRE-No'MEN, n. [L. pranomen.] Among the Romans, a name prefixed to the family name, answering to our Christian name. PRE-NOM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. pra> and nomino.] To forename. PRE-NOM'IN-ATE, a. Forenamed.— Shah PRE-NOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Forenamed. PRE-NOMTN-a-TING, ppr. Forenamin?. PRE-NOM-IN-A'TION, n. The privilege of being named first PRE-No'TION, n. [L. prcenotio.] A notice or notion which precedes something else in time ; previous notion or thought ; foreknowledge. PREN-Sa'TION, n. [L. prensatio.] The act of seizing with violence. — Barrow. [Little used.] PREN'TICE. A colloquial contraction of apprentice, which A contraction of apprenticeship, which ?he act of tell- PRENTICE-SHIP, see. — Pope. tPRE-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. [L. pramuncio.] ing before. — Diet. PRE-OB-T1IN', v. t. To obtain beforehand. PRE-OB-TAIN.ED' (pre-ob-tand'). pp. Previously obtained. PRE-OC'CU-PAN-CY, n. [L. praoccupans.] 1. The act of taking possession before another. 2. The right of taking possession before others. tPRE-OC'CU-PITE, v.t. [L. prceoccupo.] 1. To anticipate ; to take before ; to preoccupy. 2. To prepossess ; to fill with prejudices ; to preoccupy. PRE-OC-CU-PaTION, n. 1. A taking possession before an - other ; prior occupation. 2. Anticipation. 3. Preposs es- sion. 4. Anticipation of objections. PRE-OCCU-PI.ED, pp. or a. Taken possession of before- hand; prepossessed. PR,E-OC'GU-P¥, v. t. [L. prceoccupo.] 1. To take possession before another. 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipa- tion or prejudices. PRE-OC'CU-PY-ING, ppr. Taken possession of beforehand ; occupying by anticipation. PRE-OM'IN-ITE, v. t. [L. prce and ominor.] To progn'jstic- ate ; to gather from omens any future event. PRE-O-PIN'ION (-pin'yun), n. [pre and opinion.] Opinion previously formed ; prepossession. — Brown. PRE-OP'TION, n. The right of first choice. PRE-OR-DaIN', v. t. [pre and ordain.] To ordain or ap- point beforehand ; to predetermine. PRE-OR-DIIN.ED' (pre-or-dand), pp. or a. Antecedently ordained or determined. PRE-OR-DIIN'ING, ppr. Ordaining beforehand. PRE-OR'DI-NANCE, n. [pre and ordinance.] Antecedent decree or determination.— Shah. PRE-OR'Dl-NATE, a. Foreordained. [Little used.] PRE-OR-DI-NI'TION, n. The ac« of foreordaining; pre- vious determination. — Fotherby. See Synopsis. X, % I, &c, long.— I, g, I, &c, short.— FIR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MARi* E, B J RD ;-" Mt> f E, jtfQOR PRE 773 PRE PRE Pa ID', pp. or a. Paid in ad ranee, as postage of let- ters _ PRE-PaR'A-BLE, a. That may be prepared. — Boyle. PREP-A-Ra'TION, n. [L. prd ; absurdity ; inconsistency with nature or reason. PRE-Po'TEN-CY, n. [L. prapotentia.] Superior power ; predominance. — Brown. [Little used.] PRE-Po'TENT, a. [L. prapotens.] Very powerful. [ifanO PRE'PUCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prceputium.] The foreskin', a pri> longation of the skin of the penis, covering the glans. PRE-Pu'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the prepuce or foreskin. PRE-RE-MoTE', a. [pre and remote.] More remote in pre- vious time or prior order. PRE-RE-QUIRE', v. t. [pre and require.] To require pre- viously. — Hammond. PRE-REO'TJI-SIT E (-rek'we-zit), a. [pre and requisite.] Pre- viously required or necessary to something subsequent. PRE-REQ'UI-SlTE, n. Something that is previously re- quired or necessary to the end proposed. PRE-RE-SOLVE', v. t. To resolve previously. PRE-RE-SOLV.ED' (pre-re-zolvd'), pp. Resolved before- hand ; previously determined. PRE-RE-SOLVTNG, ppr. Resolving beforehand. PRE-ROG'A-TIVE, n. [Fr. ; It. prerogativo ; L. praroga- tiva.] An exclusive or peculiar privilege or right PRE-ROG'A-TIVE CoURT, n. In Great Britain, a court for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the deceased has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two different dioceses. PRE-ROG'A-TIVE OF'FICE, n. The office in which the wills proved in the prerogative court are registered. PRE-ROG'A-TIV£D, a. Having prerogative.— Shakspeare. [Rare.] PRE-ROG'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With a prerogative. * PRE'SAdE or PRES'AdE, n. [Fr. ; Sp., It. presagic , L. prtzsagium.] Something which foreshows a future ev ent ; a present fact indicating something to come. — Syn. Prog- nostic ; omen ; token ; sign. PRE-SIAE', v. t. 1. To forebode ; to foreshow ; to betok en ; to indicate by some present fact what is to follow or come to pass. 2. To foretell ; to predict ; to prophesy PRE-Sa6E', v. i. To form or utter a prediction. PRE-Sa.' (pre-sajd'), pp. Foreboded ; foreshown ; fore- told. _ PRE-Sa6E'FUL, a. Full of presages; containing presages. PRE-SaGE'MENT, n. 1. A foreboding; foretoken.— Wot- ton. 2. A foretelling ; prediction. PRE-SaG'ER, n. A foreteller ; a foreshower. — Shak. PRE-Sa<3'ING, ppr. or a. Foreshowing; foretelling. PRES'BY-o-P Y, ii. A defect of vision, as in old age, when near objects are seen indistinctly, but distant ones more plainly. PRES'BY-TER, n. [Gr. -psaBvrcpoS-] 1. In the primilivt Christian Church, an elder; a person somewhat advanced in age, who had authority in the church. 2. A priest; a person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church and congregation ; called, in the Saxon laws, mass-priest. — Hooker. 3. A Presbyterian. — Butler. PRES-BYTER-ATE, n. Presbytery.— Heber. PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to a presbyter, or to PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, 5 ecclesiastical government by pres- byters. 2. Consisting of presbyters. PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, n. 1. One who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters. 2.. One who belongs to a church governed by presbyters. PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN-ISM, u. That form of Church govern- ment which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them. PRES'BY-TER- Y, n. 1. A body of elders in the Christian Church. — 2. In ecclesiastical government, a jud.catory con- sisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain dis trict and one ruling elder, a layman, from each chuicn, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— AN'GER, VP'CIOUS.— C as Ki 6 as J ; S as Z ; cHasSH; Til as in this Obsf.Os. PRE 774 PRE ©^ mm ssii 'H ' t: t presen ; the church in conjunction with ti i mi lister. 3. Tl>e Presbyterian rehgion. Tatler.—4. In architeam e. that part of the church reserved for the offi- ciating priest.- -Gwilt. PRK'SCI ENCE (pre she-ens), n. [L.pr