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SHORT EXTRACTS 
 
 FROM LUCIAN 
 
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 raitlj Entrotmctians ant) Notes 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES RICHARD WILLIAMS A.M. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 
 LAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY 
 
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 Boston 
 
 JOHN ALLYN, PUBLISHER 
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 [Copyright, iSSs, by John Ai.lyn] 
 
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 University Press : John Wilson & Son, 
 Cambridge 
 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 These ' Extracts' are taken from a larger book, ' Selections from Lucian,' by 
 the same editor. The numbering of the pages has not been changed, and the gaps 
 in the paging show where matter of the larger work has been omitted. 
 
 Page 
 
 General Introduction xi 
 
 The Dream i 
 
 Timon 32 
 
 Dialogues of the Gods 116 
 
 Dialogues of the Sea-Gods 123 
 
 Dialogues of the Dead 132 
 
 Notes 155 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. LIFE OF LUCIAN. 
 
 We are indebted for all we know about the life of Lucian to the 
 few details concerning himself which he has incidentally introduced 
 into certain of his writings. The ' Dream,' the ' Apologia,' and 
 the 'Twice Accused' furnish us with most facts ; but nothing like 
 a continuous narrative of his career can be given. Philostratus, 
 his contemporary, who wrote ' Lives of the Sophists,' makes no 
 mention of him ; and not unreasonably perhaps, for Lucian's great 
 fame was made after he had abandoned those pursuits which fairly 
 entitled him to that appellation. In the next centuries he was 
 neglected or ignored, from the bigoted belief that he was an enemy 
 of Christianity ; and what notices we possess are for this reason 
 superficial and erroneous. A brief account is given by Suidas, 
 who styles him the ' blasphemer,' and reports that he met his 
 death by being torn to pieces by dogs ; expressing furthermore the 
 pious belief that his sufferings for the harm he had done the cause 
 of Christ did not end with this life, but that he ' would be in the 
 life to come an heir of the everlasting fire along with Satan.' 
 
 What we can gather from Lucian's own writings may be stated 
 in the following narrative. He was born of Syrian parents at 
 Samosata, 1 the capital of Commagene, the northernmost district of 
 Syria, — a city of some importance, situated upon the right bank 
 of the upper Euphrates. The date of his birth is unknown, but 
 there is great reason 2 for believing it to have been about 120 A.D. 
 
 1 Cf. Piscat. 19; De Hist. Conscr. 24. 
 
 a See Smith's Biographical Dictionary for full discussion of chronology. 
 
Xll GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 He lived till the end of the century. His parents were in humble 
 circumstances ; so that, when his school-days were over, it was 
 decided, after a family council, that he should be put to learn a 
 trade, in order that he might as soon as possible become self- 
 supporting. 1 He was consequently apprenticed to his maternal 
 uncle, a statuary and stone-mason, — his early aptitude for mould- 
 ing figures out of wax giving his father hope that he would soon 
 master the art and achieve distinction therein. But this hope was 
 doomed to speedy disappointment. The lad entered the studio 
 with eager aspirations, but his first experience sufficed to dissipate 
 them. He was set to polishing a slab of marble, but in his awk- 
 wardness or over-zeal he bore on too heavily, and the slab broke 
 under his hands. At this the hot-tempered uncle caught up a 
 whip lying conveniently near, and gave him a rather serious 
 ' initiation,' as Lucian humorously says, into his new career. The 
 boy broke away from him and ran home, sobbing and wailing, and 
 winning the ready sympathy of his mother ; who grew angry 
 enough at her brother as the young runaway maliciously added to 
 the narrative of his flogging, that his uncle did it out of pure envy, 
 foreseeing already how much he would one day surpass him. The 
 night after this adventure he sobbed himself to sleep, in bitter 
 memory of the events of the day ; and there came to him — so he 
 fabled in after years — a wonderful vision, like that which Prodicus 
 had imagined for the young Heracles, in which ' Statuary' and 
 'Culture' appeared before him in bodily shape, and pleaded with 
 persuasive eloquence their respective causes. With impulsive 
 enthusiasm he surrendered himself to ' Culture,' and with her 
 journeyed in dream over land and sea, gaining a foretaste of the 
 success and glory that awaited him. Although the 'Dream' is 
 only a graceful fiction, yet it is no doubt true in so far as it 
 indicates that Lucian's youthful imagination was at this time 
 fired by some means to a hope of literary eminence, and the 
 ardor with which he had first turned to art was converted 
 with increased intensity into ambition for the laurels that letters 
 confer. 
 
 1 Cf. the opening sections of the ' Dream.' 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xiil 
 
 From this time on he devoted himself to literary pursuits. Just 
 what course he followed we do not know ; but while still a young 
 man we find him wandering about Ionia, — the chief towns of 
 which, Ephesus and Smyrna, were famous for their schools of 
 rhetoric, — having no clearly settled plans, and still indicating his 
 barbarian origin by his imperfect speech and foreign garb. 1 Here 
 it was that he got his rhetorical training, and prepared himself, 
 first of all, as it would seem, for the bar. 2 But forensic eloquence, 
 with its need of falsehood and chicane, proved distasteful to him, 3 
 and he relinquished the law to become a teacher and professor of 
 rhetoric. Better success attended his efforts in this direction ; and 
 he soon set forth, after the fashion of the sophists of those days, to 
 seek his fortune as an itinerant lecturer. He visited the chief 
 cities of Ionia and Greece; 4 passed over into Italy, when he no 
 doubt spent some time in Rome ; 5 and then extended his journey 
 into Gaul. Favor and applause awaited him everywhere, 6 but he 
 attained his greatest success in Gaul. Here rhetoric and law were 
 cultivated with great enthusiasm, and a lucrative field was con- 
 stantly open to the travelling lecturer. 7 The school at Lyons was 
 at this time particularly famous, as may be gathered from Eusebius 
 and Irenaeus ; and either here or at some other prominent centre 
 Lucian enjoyed for several years the honors and emoluments of a 
 public professorship, 3 acquiring along with celebrity an ample 
 pecuniary competence. 9 
 
 When about forty years 10 of age he appears to have returned 
 from Gaul, and, after a visit to his native place, 11 to have removed 
 
 1 Cf. Bis Ace. 27. which the manners of Rome and Athens are 
 
 2 Suidas asserts that he practised before contrasted. But many think that his visit 
 the courts of Antioch ; which is rather un- to Rome was after his sojourn in Gaul, 
 likely, as Lucian gives no hint of having He may very well have visited it both when 
 lived there, nor of having returned to the he went to Gaul and on his return from 
 East in his early career. Suidas says fur- there. 
 
 ther that he was not successful as a pleader, 6 Cf. Dream, 15. 
 
 and so took to writing speeches for others, "' Cf. Juvenal, 15, (it. 
 
 of which he composed an immense number. 8 Cf. Apol. 15; and, with reference to 
 
 This is quite possible. the imperial salaries, etc., Capitolinus, Vita 
 
 3 Cf. Piscat. 29; Bis Ace 32. Anton., and Lucian, Eun. 3. 
 * Cf. Bis Ace. 27. ' Cf. Bis Ace. 28. 
 
 5 That he was familiar with the life of the 10 Cf. Bis Ace. 32. 
 great capital is clear from his ' Nigrinus,' in ll Cf. Dream, 16. 
 
XIV GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 his family to Athens, 1 and to have made that city his usual resi- 
 dence for the greater part of his remaining years. It was at this 
 time, too, that he bade farewell to the rhetorical art, 2 the idleness 
 of whose aims and methods had roused to worthy indignation and 
 disgust all the truer instincts of his soul, — the natural enemy of 
 all' pretence and of everything that maketh a lie. 3 We have no 
 means of tracing the history of the succeeding years. He devoted 
 himself at first, as it would seem, to philosophy, 4 but became 
 speedily disgusted with the jangling and wrangling of the Schools, 
 and found at last his true field of labor in inventing and developing 
 the satiric dialogue, 5 and in using it to lay bare and castigate the 
 follies of his age. The works which have given him his enduring 
 reputation as one of the greatest wits and satirists of all time 
 were in all probability composed in this period. Many years must 
 therefore have been spent in quiet literary productiveness, though 
 no doubt many a journey for pleasure or with some set purpose 
 was undertaken. In 165 he was present at Olympia, and saw the 
 famous self-immolation of the apostate Christian and cynic, Pere- 
 grinus ; and that was the fourth time 6 that he had been present at 
 the celebration. Some time too, in this period, he went to Abono- 
 teichos, in Paphlagonia, to visit the celebrated oracle of Alexander, 
 the most successful impostor of the age, where his zealous attempt 
 to expose humbug and discredit the charlatan came near costing 
 him his life. 7 Late in life, after long absence therefrom, he again 
 entered the lecture field, — as may be inferred from two prefatory 
 addresses, 8 which were evidently used to introduce his courses 
 somewhere. But we may be well assured that he treated his 
 audiences to no trivial speeches of display such as the sophists 
 declaimed, but entertained them with readings of his satiric 
 dialogues. 9 
 
 1 Cf. Alexander, 56. 6 Cf. Piscat. 26 ; Prometheus es in Ver- 
 
 2 Cf. Bis Ace. 32. bis, 7. 
 
 3 Cf. Piscat. 20. 6 De Morte Per. 35. 
 * This can be inferred from Hermot. 13 ; 7 Alexander, 54-8. 
 
 as also from the opening sections of ' Icaro- 8 Namely, ' Heracles' and ' Tionysus.' 
 
 menippus,' where Lucian, through the mouth See especially the last two sections of each, 
 of Menippus, seems to be narrating his own 9 Cf. Dionysus, 6 ; Piscat. 26. 
 experiences. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 In his last years, ' one foot almost in Charon's boat,' as he says, 1 
 he received an appointment from the Emperor (Commodus, prob- 
 ably) to a lucrative and honorable post in the civil service of 
 Egypt. 2 His duties were in connection with the courts, and the 
 office so important, or his favor at court so great, that he had 
 strong hopes of a yet higher appointment. We have no reason to 
 suppose that these hopes were realized. He certainly lived to a 
 good old age, but where or when or in what manner he died is 
 absolutely unknown. His burlesque poetry in celebration of the 
 gout 3 makes it probable he may have been harassed by that demon 
 of high living ; but one should hardly infer, as some have done, 
 that this was the cause of his death. About his domestic life 
 nothing is known; but from his mention of a son 4 we can infer 
 that he was married, and the whole tenor of his writings gives us 
 reason to believe that his home life was happy and agreeable. 
 
 II. THE TIMES OF LUCIAN. 
 
 In order to understand and appreciate the plan and work of 
 Lucian, it is necessary to call to mind very briefly the salient char- 
 acteristics of the period in which his activity fell. He flourished 
 in the brilliant age of the Antonines, characterized by Gibbon 5 with 
 somewhat excessive enthusiasm as ' the period in the history of 
 the world during which the condition of the human race was most 
 happy and prosperous.' Profound peace reigned, as it had done 
 for generations, throughout the vast extent of the Roman domin- 
 ions. Absolute power, wielded with virtue and wisdom, produced 
 the world over a sense of security and comparative freedom. Men 
 could go and come as they pleased, could think and say what they 
 chose. Local institutions still retained much of their old-time 
 significance and influence, and imperial taxation had not yet become 
 
 1 SeeApol. i. *■ See Eunuchus, 13. 
 
 2 Cf. Apol. 12. 5 « Decline and Fall,' ch. iii. 
 8 See Podagra and Ocypus. 
 
XVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 an onerous burden. But there is a darker side to the picture. 
 The absorption of all power in one head, the dying out of local 
 patriotism and of the spirit of conquest and aggrandizement, the 
 universal contempt felt by the better classes for commercial pur- 
 suits, left the world without high ambitions and worthy aims. The 
 vast proportions to which slavery had grown, coupled with the 
 consequent disappearance of a strong and healthful yeomanry and 
 an active middle class, gives the age, with all its glitter, a hope- 
 less, helpless air to him who looks beneath the surface. The 
 attainment of riches and pleasure was pursued with mad eagerness 
 and with unscrupulous regard for means. The rich were opulent, 
 the poor a dependent rabble. Society was voluptuous, luxurious, 
 licentious. The four corners of the earth were ransacked for new 
 delicacies and strange dainties with which to excite the jaded 
 appetite and minister to the pampered taste. And when not even 
 the deified wife of a blameless emperor could escape from the just 
 censure of deserved reproach, we can only form in imagination 
 'some faint and shuddering conception' of the depth of degradation 
 to which practical morality had fallen. 
 
 The culture of the age was essentially Greek. Under the early 
 emperors the Latin language and literature had been resplendent. 
 But now the Greek, which had become the universal language of 
 the Eastern provinces, encroached more and more upon the West. 
 The professional teachers were Greek, and their instruction was 
 imparted in their native tongue. Already Juvenal 1 complains of the 
 vast influx of Greek teachers, parasites, adventurers of every sort. 
 Even the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, in his soul-searching 
 meditations designed for no eye but his own, expressed himself in 
 Greek. The literary activity of the age was in its way immense. 
 But there was lacking the stimulus of great ideas, great aspirations, 
 great hopes ; and so, with all the writing and declaiming, all the 
 ardor for correct style and rhetorical finish, the age had little to 
 bequeath to posterity of lasting merit and enduring fame. Teachers, 
 litterateurs, and philosophers closely resembled one another, in 
 their general aims and methods, and were classed together under 
 » Sat. 3, 74 ff. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XVli 
 
 the generic name 'Sophists,' — a title to which no opprobrium 
 attached at this time. Men of letters cared little for the subject- 
 matter of their discourse, but devoted themselves to the attainment 
 of the graces and elegancies of style with a zealous enthusiasm 
 which it is impossible for us to appreciate, difficult for us to under- 
 stand. The masterpieces of the classic age were earnestly studied ; 
 but not so much for the purpose of kindling the imagination at 
 their glowing fires and gaining inspiration from their quickening 
 vigor of thought and wealth of ideas, as with the design of increas- 
 ing the store of expressions and figures, and of gaining by servile 
 imitation a correct habit of speech. These literary craftsmen wan- 
 dered over the world with their fine phrases and graceful tropes, 
 much as singers and show people do at present, giving courses of 
 lectures and instruction in city after city, and winning applause 
 and remuneration in proportion to their eloquence and fame. The 
 subjects they discussed were often of the most trivial, puerile sort. 
 Neither audience nor orator cared so much for the matter as the 
 manner. Empty declamations about tyrants, wordy panegvrics 
 upon great men or measures of former days, and subtile disqui- 
 sitions upon insignificant but puzzling questions of casuistry, were 
 much in vogue. Sometimes the attention of the audience was 
 excited by the defence of some startling paradox, or a brilliant 
 tour- de-force in praise of Baldness or the Fever, or even the Fly 
 or the Gnat : while some even allowed the audience to select the 
 subject, relying upon their well-stored memory for choice phrases 
 and graceful images in which, with pleasing elocution, to adorn the 
 chosen theme. But sometimes the speaker came in the mean garb 
 of the Cynic, and thundered forth, with the zeal of the fanatic 
 preacher, indignant protests at the luxury and license of society 
 and the heedless corruption of life. 
 
 While the philosophers were still divided into the old sects, 
 yet the lines of separation were no longer so sharply drawn. Phi- 
 losophy had lost its keenness of dialectic, its boldness and origi- 
 nality of speculation. It was contenting itself with unreasoning 
 dependence upon the great masters, and was spending its energies 
 in futile quibbling such as would have delighted the narrow 
 
 b 
 
XVlll GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Schoolman of the Middle Ages. But more and more it had been 
 taking the place which religion should occupy, and was seeking to 
 become the guide of life. This is especially true of Stoicism, the 
 last great master, the perfect embodiment of whose culture swayed 
 the sceptre of universal power. Hadrian had set the fashion, which 
 was still followed, of endowing from the imperial treasury chairs of 
 the different philosophical sects in the important cities. Under 
 the influence of royal patronage, philosophy played a most exten- 
 sive and important role in the life of the times. But this very fact 
 contributed to its degeneracy. It became a sort of profession or 
 trade to which multitudes resorted, as in the Middle Ages to the 
 religious orders, for the easy life it offered. They had no marks of 
 the true disciples of philosophy except the long beard, the staff, the 
 short coarse mantle ; but acting in her name, they brought to her 
 disgrace and death, by their scandalous eagerness for profit and 
 place, and the shameless excesses of their private lives. The house- 
 hold of no great or wealthy man was complete without its domestic 
 sophist, who appears to have been a sort of literary and philo- 
 sophical adviser of the family. He. occupied a prominent place at 
 the board of his patron, read lectures at his request, corrected his 
 verses, and praised his amateur rhetorical exercises. But this 
 position was often one of galling servitude and contemptuous 
 neglect, as Lucian's essay upon the subject abundantly shows. 
 
 The religious condition of the second century cannot fail to excite 
 in the thoughtful observer feelings of profound pity and wonder. 
 ' The various modes of worship,' to use a famous sentence of 
 Gibbon's, 1 ' were all considered by the people as equally true ; by 
 the philosopher as equally false ; and by the magistrate as equally 
 useful.' Religion had ceased to exercise moral correction or con- 
 trol over men. Thinking men had long ago given up the popular 
 faith, and it had been gradually weakening its hold upon the people. 
 Under the influence and example of the devout Antonines, a 
 spasmodic attempt to revive a sort of orthodox belief in the ancient 
 religion was in progress. At the same time, from Egypt and the 
 East mysticism and strangely sensual systems of faith were pressing 
 
 1 ' Decline and Fall,' ch. ii. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XIX 
 
 in, and attracting attention and devotees. There was a revolt 
 against the materialism and scepticism of the first century ; the 
 tendency now was to the other extreme of unreasoning faith in the 
 supernatural and of limitless superstition. Times were ripening 
 for the mysticism of the Neo-Platonic school. Paganism was put- 
 ting forth its last great effort to maintain its hold upon man. The 
 oracles resumed their offices; new ones sprang into being; magic, 
 astrology, superstitious observances of every sort flourished; and 
 religious impostors and charlatans, exorcists and conjurors, reaped 
 a full harvest of willing victims. 
 
 But all this time, ignored or neglected by scholar and moralist, 
 misunderstood, maligned, hated by the great masses, repressed and 
 persecuted by the throne, a new influence was at work in the 
 lower orders of society which was destined, like the little leaven, 
 to transform the whole mass ; a new light was shining forth from 
 Galilee, illuminating and irradiating many a dark corner of the 
 world with new life and hope, — a light which was yet to bid the 
 moral darkness disappear, and to ' lighten the whole world.' 
 
 III. LUCIAN'S WRITINGS. 
 
 Something over eighty different writings pass under Lucian's 
 name. Of this number many are unquestionably spurious ; many 
 more of doubtful authenticity. 1 In the collection as we have it 
 there is no attempt at arrangement, either logical or chronological. 2 
 The writings would naturally fall into two general divisions : those 
 composed previously to his fortieth year, before the rhetorical pro- 
 fession was given up ; and those of the remainder of his life. One 
 finds little difficulty in assigning each production, with a tolerable 
 degree of certainty, to one or the other of these classes. Those 
 
 1 Sommerbrodt considers 22 unauthentic ; relative chronology of the various writings, 
 
 Bekker, 2S ; W. Dindorf, n. All three see A.Planck, in Program for Seminary at 
 
 are agreed in the rejection of 7. Urach, 1850. 
 
 * For an interesting attempt to settle the 
 
XX GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of a purely rhetorical or grammatical nature, or upon subjects of 
 little human interest, belong of course to the earlier period ; while 
 everything that indicates the man of broad common sense, that 
 has a marked tendency, we at once think of as the product of his 
 pen after he had turned his back upon the frivolous pursuits of the 
 sophists. 
 
 I. We have probably only a small part of Lucian's early compo- 
 sitions ; those, most likely, which he himself considered worthiest 
 to live. These may be classified as prefatory, critical, and declama- 
 tory pieces. The ' Dream ' is an example of the prefatory speeches, 1 
 which were used as a sort of prelude to a course of readings. 
 Some anecdote or pleasing incident is gracefully narrated, and is 
 given such a turn that it reflects credit upon the speaker, and 
 excites the curiosity of the audience as to what he is about to say. 
 Of the critical pieces, the ' Trial before the Vowels' is worthy of 
 mention. Sigma brings a complaint of ejection against Tan, who 
 has usurped his place in so many words. The trial is ingeniously 
 conducted after the Athenian forms, and is interesting as evidence 
 of Lucian's thorough study of the language. The declamations are 
 of the true sophistical sort, as such titles as the ' Tyrannicide,' the 
 ' First and Second Phalaris ' (Tyrant of Agrigentum), and the 
 ' Encomium of a Fly,' clearly indicate. The last well repays read- 
 ing, as a masterpiece of the class to which it belongs. The light 
 and graceful manner in which the habits of the fly are described is 
 very entertaining. 
 
 II. The numerous and diversified writings of the second class 
 cannot be arranged in the order of their composition. It is prob- 
 able that most of the narrative pieces were written first, and that 
 perfection of dialogue indicates a later period in Lucian's literary 
 career. But this principle must not be carried too far. In nearly 
 all the productions of the second period there is either a clearly 
 sounded note or an easily distinguished undertone of satire. Lucian's 
 disgust with rhetoric was probably no sudden fancy, but a con- 
 stant growth during the years he devoted to her service, as he saw 
 
 1 Two prefatory speeches, the ' Heracles ' and the ' Dionysus,' already referred to 
 above, belong to Lucian's old age. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 the shallowness of her methods and the emptiness of the results 
 attained. Life must have something better worth one's serious 
 effort than writing rhetorical tours-de-force upon trite and trivial 
 themes. So he turned to the profounder study of philosophy, 
 only to find the same puerilities of method prevalent among the 
 Schools, the same barrenness of practical results attendant upon 
 their teachings. The religion of his times, with its childish credu- 
 lity, its boundless superstition, aroused him to pity and derision. 1 
 Society, with its upstarts and ftarvenus, its fortune-hunters and 
 parasites, its grossness and Philistinism, its barbaric luxury and 
 corruption, appalled him. Gradually, to his clear common sense, 
 his directness and love of truth, came the full consciousness of his 
 mission in the world. With the zeal of an iconoclast, he entered 
 the lists against the tendencies of the day, and wielded without 
 cessation his merciless powers of mockery and ridicule against the 
 false rhetoric, the degenerate philosophy, the vain religion, and the 
 depraved society which prevailed about him. It is impossible in 
 our limits to mention and characterize each composition. It must 
 suffice to call attention to the most notable. It is to be borne in 
 mind, too, that some pieces could very well be assigned to more 
 than one class. 
 
 1. Against the Rhetoricians. — Of Lucian's contributions 
 to criticism, the little brochure which treats ' Of Writing History' 
 has the greatest permanent value. In the first part he exposes and 
 ridicules the faults and affectations of the historians of the Parthian 
 war (a.d. i 6 i - i 66) ; their lack of symmetry — their servile imita- 
 tion of the letter without catching the spirit of Thucydides and 
 Herodotus — their shameless distortion of fact in order to exalt the 
 glory of their own side. In the second part he lays down principles 
 to be observed in writing history, insisting upon truth, impartiality, 
 independence, critical weighing of evidence, careful regard for his- 
 torical perspective, breadth and consistency of view, along with a 
 correct and pleasing style, as the chief merits of a true historian. 
 
 1 Compare the closing sentence of De Sac- a Democritus : the one to laugh at the igno- 
 rificiis, where the declaration is made that ranee of the masses; the other, to deplore 
 the popular belief demands a Heracleitus or their folly. 
 
XX11 GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The ' School for Orators' points out in the bitterest irony a royal 
 road to success in the rhetorical art. Ignorance and audacity are 
 the great prerequisites which the aspirant must possess. He must 
 dress in the height of fashion, have a retinue of servants, use 
 strange, unintelligible words and Attic shibboleths, scatter his dis- 
 course with flowers from every source, talk about the famous 
 commonplaces of history, whether applicable to the subject in hand 
 or not, scold his audience, praise himself, and success will be 
 assured. For his private life, let him have as many amours and be 
 as devoid of virtue as possible. These directions are represented 
 as coming from a distinguished professor of the art, who is sup- 
 posed to have been Pollux. Swift, in his ' Directions for Servants,' 
 imitates the tone and manner of this piece. In the ' Lexiphanes ' 
 the prevalent affectation for strange, obsolete, or new-fangled 
 expressions is most humorously criticised. Lexiphanes, a young 
 rhetorician, reads a composition of the newest sort. Lucian listens 
 to the absurd hodge-podge as long as he can endure it ; breaks the 
 reader off, and advises him to take an emetic to clear his system of 
 the disease of verbiage, so that he ' may understand and speak like 
 a human being.' The young man is prevailed upon to do so, and 
 is greatly relieved ; whereupon Lucian lays down a course of read- 
 ing in the old poets and prose writers, by which the last vestiges 
 of the malady will be effaced and mental and rhetorical health 
 restored. 
 
 2. Against the Philosophers. — ' Hermotimus,' ' Sale of 
 Lives,' ' The Angler,' ' Lapithae,' ' The Fugitives,' ' The Twice 
 Accused,' and ' Icaromenippus ' are the dialogues in which the 
 enervated philosophy of the time is most severely handled. The 
 tone of the ' Hermotimus ' is prevailingly of the most earnest char- 
 acter, though relieved by many a humorous side remark or sly 
 laugh. It is aimed especially at the Stoics, but it spares none of 
 the sects. The discussion is conducted in the true Socratic fashion ; 
 and the enthusiastic Stoic, who has devoted twenty years to the 
 study of his system, and feels that he has made only a start, is 
 brought to the conviction that it is impossible to decide which 
 system, if any, will lead to the truth ; that with life so short it is 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxiii 
 
 an idle waste of effort to attempt to attain to the mythical per- 
 fection which the Schools profess to teach, but which the sad 
 lives of the professors belie ; and that virtue really consists in 
 action. The Stoic acts upon this new conviction, and abandons 
 philosophy. 
 
 'The Sale of Lives' and 'The Angler' are among the brightest 
 and cleverest of Lucian's productions. In the first, Hermes, at the 
 bidding of Zeus, sells the ancient philosophers at public auction. 
 Ten philosophers in all are offered for sale, of whom Aristippus, 
 Democritus, and Heracleitus find no purchaser. The rest go off at 
 very different prices. Socrates fetches two talents; 1 Chrysippus, 
 twelve minae ; Pythagoras, ten minae ; Aristotle, twenty minae ; 
 Epicurus, two minae ; Pyrrho. the sceptic, one mina ; while Dioge- 
 nes is as good as given away for two obols. As each is upon the 
 stand, his accomplishments are described, and a travesty of his 
 teachings humorously given by the auctioneer. It is more than 
 likely that this dialogue roused strong feeling against Lucian ; at 
 all events, he felt it necessary to explain or defend himself. In 
 'The Angler' the philosophers are represented as alive for a day, 
 to take vengeance upon Lucian for his' scandalous treatment of 
 them. He denies that he is their enemy, asserting that to them he 
 owes the chief beauties of his style, and asks for a hearing before 
 condemnation. It is agreed that Philosophy herself shall be the 
 judge. Lucian knows not where she may be found. Many persons 
 with long beards and grave demeanor have given him directions to 
 her abode, but these have all proved false. Luckily, as they pro- 
 ceed, they meet her in the Portico, with Virtue, Temperance, and 
 the like in her train, and near her Truth, — 'a colorless form, all 
 but imperceptible,' — of whom Lucian catches only a glimpse; 
 whereupon they repair to the temple of Athena, and the trial 
 begins. Plato is asked to make the accusation, for his ' marvellous 
 sublimity of thought, Attic sweetness of diction,' and manifold 
 other graces, peculiarly fit him for this office. But he declines; and 
 Diogenes, the Cynic, who had brought only sixpence at the sale, 
 makes the charge, alleging in earnest, weighty wise that Lucian had 
 
 1 A talent was about $ 1,100, the mina about $ 20, the obol about 3 cents. 
 
XXIV GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 calumniated the philosophers, and made Philosophy herself a by- 
 word and a reproach. He is more scurrilous than the comedians ; 
 nay, even, he has stolen from Philosophy her old servant Dialogue, 
 and converted him into an antagonist. Lucian replies that his 
 reverence for genuine Philosophy is unbounded ; that his attack 
 had reference only to the sham philosophers of the present day, — 
 unworthy disciples of the illustrious dead-, ' mere asses in lions' 
 skins.' They, not he, bring Philosophy into contempt. Against 
 them — them only — his hot ire is kindled. Lucian is acquitted, 
 and is hailed as the real friend of Truth. And now it is resolved 
 to put the quack philosophers on trial. Syllogism summons them 
 into court in the name of Virtue, Philosophy, and Justice. Hardly 
 a man appears. Lucian proclaims a distribution of gifts to all who 
 call themselves philosophers, with an extra present to those with 
 long beards. The Acropolis is immediately thronged with eager 
 expectants. But these gentry no sooner discover that Virtue and 
 Truth are going to inquire into their lives than off they pack in hot 
 haste. One Cynic drops his wallet, which is found to contain, not 
 homely food, but gold, ointment, a mirror, and dice ! Truth com- 
 missions Lucian to expose the false philosophers, and brand their 
 foreheads with 'fox' or 'ape.' He proceeds to catch them in this 
 way : he baits a hook with gold and figs, and drops the line over 
 the edge of the Acropolis ; and so, to the amusement of the 
 assembled virtues and resuscitated philosophers, fishes up and dis- 
 poses of many an arrant knave who made philosophy a trade. 
 
 The ' Lapithae' presents us with a wedding- feast, at which a 
 representative of each of the philosophical sects assists. They 
 alone of all the company are ill-mannered and disorderly. They 
 fall into a dispute^ and at last come to blows, when a general 
 melee ensues, and eyes and noses suffer. In the confusion the 
 lights are put out ; and when another is suddenly produced, the 
 philosophers are all discovered in compromising situations. ' The 
 Fugitives' satirizes the Cynics especially, who are represented as 
 largely made up of vagabonds and runaway slaves. In the ' Twice 
 Accused' the philosophy of the day is bitterly characterized ; but 
 the piece is most interesting for the last part, — from which it gets 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 its name, — in which Rhetoric and Dialogue prefer charges of ill- 
 treatment against Lucian; and we are consequently informed of 
 many particulars of his life. 
 
 3. Against the Gods. — The dialogues in which the popular 
 religion is especially criticised are among the most brilliant of 
 Lucian's performances. Each one repays careful reading. For 
 the ' Dialogues of the Gods' the student is referred to the special 
 Introduction prefixed to the Notes. ' Prometheus ' and the 
 1 Assembly of the Gods ' are really dialogues of the gods, but upon 
 a little more elaborate scale than those in the collection of that 
 name. The former gives a vivid picture of the relationship be- 
 tween gods and men, and puts Zeus, himself a mere usurper, in the 
 wrong for jealously condemning Prometheus to the rock and the 
 vulture. The latter ridicules the great influx of new gods into 
 the Olympic family. Zeus summons the gods to institute a strict 
 inquiry into the right and title of each new god : so many have 
 been swarming in that they have become a grave nuisance. 
 Momus, the personification of grumbling, is the chief spokesman. 
 He states the case boldly, not even sparing the illegitimate sons 
 of Zeus himself who have been exalted to full godship ; but dwell- 
 ing more particularly upon the Eastern and Egyptian divinities 
 who have recently crowded into their number. At last a solemn 
 decree is fulminated by Zeus, preparing for the election of a com- 
 mission of seven of the great gods to examine and adjudicate the 
 claims of all to seats in Olympus. Those who cannot make good 
 their titles are to be remanded to the tombs of their fathers ! 
 
 In the ' Zeus Confuted ' the very power and godhead of the 
 supreme god receives a terrible blow. A Cynic proves, to the com- 
 plete but impotent discomfiture of the great Zeus, that, as the 
 whole universe is governed by the Plates, he and his compeers are, 
 just as men are, only servants or instruments of their power, and 
 so his boasted supremacy is an empty myth. The system of future 
 rewards and punishments must also fall through, because unreason- 
 able. Surely man ought not to be punished nor receive favor for 
 what he is compelled to do ; and all his acts must be of that sort, 
 if the Fates inevitably foreordain all things. 
 
XXVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The 'Zeus in Heroics' 1 is a brilliant attempt to annihilate the 
 doctrine of providence. The scene opens in heaven. Zeus is 
 pacing up and down in agony, muttering to himself. To Hermes 
 and Athena, who urge him in mock verse to impart his trouble and 
 find comfort, he replies in a mysterious and portentous reminiscence 
 of Euripides. Hera appears. She knows what ails him : he is in 
 love again. Zeus resents the charge. It is a far different matter : 
 the gods are in peril. Timocles, a Stoic, and Damis, an Epicurean, 
 fell into a public dispute yesterday on the nature of providence, — 
 Damis holding that we do not exist, or, anyway, exercise no control 
 over human affairs. They are to finish the debate to-day. The 
 world is breathless to know which will win. Our danger is extreme. 
 What are we to do ? It is decided to call an assembly of the gods. 
 Hermes makes proclamation in a parody of Homer. The gods 
 throng in, and are ranged in the order of their material and work- 
 manship, — the gods and their famous statues being humorously 
 identified. The gold gods have the first rank, but there are many 
 disputes as to precedence. When at last all are seated and order 
 secured, Zeus is about to state the object of the meeting. But he 
 has forgotten his speech, — a fine one it was too. What shall he 
 do? — try a bit of Homer? Oh, that is worn out, Hermes tells 
 him, Do as the orators do, — borrow from Demosthenes. Zeus 
 does so, quoting the great orator so nearly that he all but calls the 
 gods ' Gentlemen of Athens.' He gets the first word out, but 
 bethinks himself in time to replace the second with 'gods.' The 
 gods are informed of what is going forward. The party that 
 believes with Damis is constantly increasing. If he wins the day 
 we shall be left unhonored and idle, perishing of hunger here in 
 heaven. Something must be done. Let each speak boldly. Momus, 
 the fault-finder, arises. He is not surprised ; he has long foreseen 
 how things would go. Good men have been neglected and allowed 
 to suffer ; bad men left unpunished ; oracles proved false and 
 lying. Our jealous lives and loves are chronicled in the sacred 
 poems. What wonder Epicurus denied our providence ? The 
 
 1 See Froude, ' Short Studies,' third series, article ' Lucian,' for a spirited translation 
 of this dialogue. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXV11 
 
 wonder is it did not come sooner. All we have cared for is a 
 steady altar service. Poseidon advises Zeus to knock Damis down 
 with his thunderbolt. No, that is impossible, Zeus rejoins ; every 
 man's end is decreed by Fate. Apollo suggests that a junior coun- 
 sel be provided to help Timocles, — who is really a very worthy 
 man, has large classes and all that, but quite loses his head in a 
 public debate. Momus scouts such an idea ; a better plan must be 
 devised. But you are a prophet, Apollo ; you have made a fortune 
 at the oracle business. Tell us how this dispute is going to turn 
 out. Apollo at first declines ; he has not his tripod or other imple- 
 ments with him. But, urged by Zeus, he gives in halting verse a 
 most astonishing example of his skill. It out-Herods the famous 
 oracle to Croesus, and Momus nearly chokes with laughter. He 
 pronounces the prophet a humbug. Heracles says let the debate 
 go on ; if Damis wins the day, he will pull down the hall about 
 the fellow's ears. No, that will not do, Zeus says ; he might try 
 such things when he was a man, but, now he is a god, he ought 
 to know such things are predetermined by Fate. Meanwhile, 
 before the gods have devised a plan for aiding their champion, 
 the philosophers have met. The gates of heaven are opened ; 
 the gods prepare to listen. Zeus fears Timocles is no match 
 for Damis ; but anyway the gods can help him by their prayers ! 
 The debate ensues, interspersed with side remarks by the gods 
 as one or the other makes a point. The Stoic urges, as proofs 
 of providence, the divine order of the universe, the testimony 
 of scriptures, the prevalence of worship, the existence of oracles, 
 the necessity of a pilot for the great ship of the world. But 
 Damis triumphantly routs and scouts him from every defence. 
 As a final argument the Stoic propounds this syllogism : If 
 there are altars, there must be gods ; but there are altars, there- 
 fore there must be gods. Damis answers with a loud laugh of 
 derision ; whereupon, amid the vituperations of the Stoic and the 
 applause of the concourse, the discussion closes. Zeus is in a 
 quandary. 'What can we do?' he helplessly asks. Hermes 
 brings comfort by saying : ' One isn't hurt if one doesn't acknowl- 
 edge it, as the old play says. Suppose a handful of the Greeks 
 
 
XXV111 GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 do believe Damis, the great masses and all the barbarians are still 
 with us.' 
 
 4. Against Society. — In all of Lucian's writings we catch 
 glimpses of the society of the times ; but he has many pieces which 
 present us with more elaborate pictures. The satiric motive is 
 manifest in all. Sophists, philosophers, and gods come in for 
 many a side thrust, as effective as those in the dialogues aimed 
 directly at these classes. Among the dialogues that may be reck- 
 oned here are the most interesting productions of Lucian's pen. 
 ' Timon,' ' Cock,' i Charon,' ' Dialogues of the Dead,' are his 
 masterpieces. The Introductions prefixed to the Notes treat of 
 these at length. The ' Nigrinus ' paints with impressive satire the 
 depravity of life at Rome ; over against which, by way of contrast, 
 the simplicity of Athenian life is placed. Another picture of the 
 riotous life and corrupt manners of the Romans is presented in the 
 paper on l Hired Companions,' in which the degrading condition of 
 the literary dependent in the household of the wealthy but uncul- 
 tured, Roman is graphically portrayed. When late in life Lucian 
 accepted public office, he felt that his action demanded defence in 
 view of what he had said against those who sought a wealthy 
 patron ; so he published his ' Apologia,' in which he shows that 
 he stood on a very different footing. He had not bartered away 
 his freedom for a seat at a rich man's table. He was serving the 
 emperor in a high and important public capacity. In one sense or 
 another all men serve, and service is ennobling. 
 
 In a charming piece of persiflage, entitled the 'Parasite,' a speci- 
 men of that infamous class of diners-out is introduced to us, who 
 impudently but very cleverly argues that Parasitism is an art, — 
 * the art of eating and drinking at others' expense, and of making 
 the proper acknowledgments.' The dialogue is a close imitation 
 of the Platonic model, of which it is possibly a sort of travesty; 
 for nothing is sacred to the satirist. The ' Philopseudes' satirizes 
 the unconscionable credulity of the age, — the belief in miracles, 
 in extraordinary cures, in superstitious observance of signs and 
 omens, and in supernatural follies of all sorts. The relations of 
 rich and poor are set before us in the ' Saturnalian Tracts.' * The 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXIX 
 
 Ship, or the Wishes' humorously laughs at day-dreaming and 
 castle-building, and idle wishing for impossible blessings. Another 
 piece, ' Against an Uneducated Man,' holds up to merciless ridicule 
 an ignoramus, who thought by buying many books to get a reputa- 
 tion for learning and culture. 
 
 * 
 There are many compositions of Lucian, of various degrees of 
 
 merit and interest, which can hardly be assigned to any of the pre- 
 ceding classes. A few of these demand notice. 
 
 5. The Romanxes. — There are two productions that maybe 
 classed as romances. The ' True History,' and ' Lucius, or the 
 Ass.' The latter, which seems to have been the basis for the 
 1 Golden Ass' of Appuleius, furnished Le Sage with incidents for 
 ' Gil Bias.' It tells the story of a young man, Lucius, who visited 
 at the house of a sorceress, and was curious to learn the secret of 
 her power. He ingratiated himself with the maid-servant, and by 
 her was furnished with magic ointment which should transform 
 him into a bird. But the maid had taken the wrong box, and he 
 was changed into an ass, though still retaining the intelligence and 
 feelings of a man. He has most astonishing experiences in all 
 sorts of places and with all kinds of people, and is at last restored 
 to human shape by eating rose-leaves. 
 
 The ' True History ' is a humorous and satiric caricature of the 
 marvellous element in historians and poets. Certain authors, Tike 
 Ctesias, have written incredible tales of travel in foreign lands, 
 which they wish us to hold for true. But I am honest. There is 
 nothing true in my ' True History' except the statement that it is 
 all false. After this preface the tale begins. He set sail from 
 Cadiz into the unknown ocean with a stout ship and fifty com- 
 panions. Seven days out an island was reached, once visited by 
 Heracles and Dionysus, as a pillar informed them, where the rivers 
 ran with wine and the fish they caught made them tipsy. Soon 
 after leaving this a whirlwind caught them up and carried them to 
 the moon, where they were cordially received by King Endymion. 
 Here they spent some time, taking part in a war against Phaethon, 
 king of the sun. A description is given of the various troops and 
 
XXX GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 their arms, of the battle in mid-air, and also of the habits of life 
 in the moon, in which each new particular is more astounding than 
 the one before. At last they embarked once more, and, sailing 
 through the Zodiac, came to a city between the Pleiades and 
 Hyades, inhabited by voluble and active lamps, each of which had 
 a lantern for a residence. Leaving this, they passed near the 
 famous Cloudcuckootown of Aristophanes, and soon reached the 
 ocean again. After a short time they were swallowed, ship and all, 
 by an enormous whale. Several months were spent in the belly of 
 the monster, where the space was so great that there were plains 
 and wooded mountains. Other inhabitants were there, with whom 
 they waged war. They finally made their escape by setting fire to 
 the forests. After several days' burning, the whale died, and they 
 got their vessel out and set sail. They had strange experiences in 
 a frozen sea; after which they came into a sea of milk, where a 
 white cheese-island, abounding in vines, productive, not of wine, 
 but milk, was visited. Not far from there they found the sea 
 inhabited by cork-footed men, who ran over the waves with perfect 
 ease. By and by they came toward a wonderful island, — the 
 Island of the Blessed, — whence there greeted them breezes more 
 fragrant than blow from Araby the Blest, redolent as they were 
 with the perfumes of all delicious flowers. They anchored and 
 went ashore, and, bound in chains of roses, were taken before the 
 court of Rhadamanthus, who allows them to abide there seven 
 months. The wonders they saw, — the city of gold, with emerald 
 ramparts, where there is no night nor day, but a soft twilight and 
 perpetual springtime reign ; the vines bearing fruit twelve times a 
 year; the rivers of milk and wine; the Elysian fields, where the 
 heroes dined, propped on beds of flowers, and served by zephyrs 
 which bring whatever they desire, and crowned with chaplets by 
 nightingales; — all this and more one must read of in Lucian him- 
 self. The ancient worthies are seen, but no Stoics, — they were 
 still climbing up their hill of virtue; and no Academics, — they 
 were not quite sure there was such an island ! Lucian converses 
 with Homer, and finds out about his poems, and learns his opinion 
 of Homeric critics. After various other experiences, the time for 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXI 
 
 departure comes- Just as they are embarking, Odysseus slips into 
 JLucian's hand a note for Calypso. They come then to the island 
 where the wicked are burned with never-ending fires. Liars receive 
 direst punishment ; among them Herodotus and Ctesias were seen. 
 They visit the Island of Dreams, and see most wonderful sights ; 
 then touch at Calypso's Island, where Lucian delivers Odysseus's 
 note, and answers Calypso's inquiries about Penelope as he thinks 
 Calypso will best like. Several other astonishing experiences are 
 had, and marvellous beings seen ; and the ' True History' comes 
 to a sudden end, with promise of yet more. The air of truthfulness 
 is throughout remarkable, and the interest never flags. 
 
 6. Biographies. — In the ' Life of Demonax' Lucian gives us, 
 with many interesting details, a loving picture of a philosopher 
 after his own heart. He followed no particular sect or system, but 
 drew from all sources whatever he preferred. His culture was 
 wide and catholic ; his influence such that men parted from his 
 company with new impulses and inspirations to a right life, and 
 with better hopes for the future. In this, as in all his biographical 
 writings, it is probable that Lucian credits the individual with 
 characteristics of the class of which he is a type. 
 
 The ' Life of Alexander' 1 makes us acquainted with the Cagliostro 
 of the second century, — one of the most arrant charlatans that ever 
 imposed upon a credulous age. He established an oracle at Abono- 
 teichos, in Paphlagonia, which became famous throughout the 
 empire. He had his agents in Rome itself, and he secured public 
 recognition. Lucian set about investigating the humbug ; visited 
 the impostor, learned the methods of his operations, tested over and 
 over again his oracles, and did his best to discredit him. Alexander 
 was so incensed at Lucian's intermeddling that he formed a plan, 
 which nearly succeeded, of ridding the world of his persecutor. 
 
 Of still greater interest to us, because of its reference to Chris- 
 tianity, is the account of Peregrinus. 2 It is extremely probable 
 that for satiric purposes a great deal of fiction is woven into this 
 
 1 Dedicated to Celsus, — him, no doubt, icle, ' Lucian and Christianity,' a translation 
 whose attack upon Christianity was answered of which will be found in the ' Bibliotheca 
 by Origen. Sacra,' vol. 10, pp. 284, 448. But this must 
 
 2 In this connection see A. Planck's art- be read with caution. 
 
XXX11 GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 account, and that Lucian lays much to the charge of Peregrinus 
 which he knew to the disgrace of other Cynics. He is represented 
 as having been haunted through life by an overmastering passion 
 for notoriety. Born in Armenia, his first act on reaching manhood 
 was the murder of his father. He took refuge among the Chris- 
 tians, attained importance among them, and suffered imprisonment 
 for the faith. After his release he was excommunicated for some 
 offence, and became a Cynic. He wandered through Egypt, attract- 
 ing attention by his self-torture ; gained celebrity at Rome by his 
 unbridled insolence in attacking the emperor ; was finally banished 
 from the city, thereby gaining still greater notoriety ; and went to 
 Elis, where his insolence of tongue and mad endeavor to rouse the 
 people to revolt kept him long in the public mouth. As his noto- 
 riety waned, he announced at one Olympic festival that at the next 
 he would publicly burn himself. Lucian was present, and heard 
 his final speech. He had thought his friends would prevent the 
 immolation; but they held him to his promise, and he plunged into 
 the flames. As Lucian returned from beholding this crowning 
 folly, he met many who were coming too late. He told them about 
 it, garnishing his narrative for the credulous with such fables as 
 that the earth trembled, and a vulture flew aloft from the flames 
 direct to heaven, saying in an articulate voice, — ' I have left the 
 earth ; I ascend to Olympus.' Lucian afterwards heard these 
 inventions of his own soberly narrated as actual occurrences by 
 those who claimed to have been eye-witnesses. 
 
 IV. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. 
 
 1. Lucian's Culture. — Through precisely what course of 
 training Lucian passed, we have no means of determining. He 
 was in school in his native town till a lad of sixteen or so. 1 In 
 Ionia he received instruction in the arts of the sophist and rheto- 
 rician. 2 The demands of this profession compelled the most 
 
 1 Cf. Dream, i. 2 Cf. Bis Ace. 27. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXX111 
 
 careful attention to language and style, and a wide familiarity with 
 the more obvious and important facts of every department of learn- 
 ing. But the culture was often very superficial. Lucian's writings 
 afford evidence of the author's deficiency in mathematical training, 1 
 but display a knowledge of the humanities, surprising alike for its 
 fulness and variety. He is conversant with the principal prose 
 writers and poets of classic Greek literature. Homer is constantly 
 upon his tongue. His acquaintance with the history of nations 
 and individuals is almost encyclopedic ; though he sometimes 
 makes a slip, and often distorts events for rhetorical or satiric pur- 
 poses. 2 Quite as remarkable is his full and accurate knowledge of 
 mythology and proverbial wisdom. His understanding and sound 
 appreciation of art is a continual source of wonder. He delights 
 in describing the works of the great artists, and in drawing illus- 
 trations therefrom. 3 He evinces broad rather than profound knowl- 
 edge of the doctrines of the different philosophical sects, which he 
 approaches almost always from the standpoint of the satirist. He 
 seems to have known something of the Latin language, 4 and pos- 
 sibly of its literature. 5 His estimation of the social and moral 
 forces of the age mark him as a trained and skilful observer of 
 life and manners. 
 
 2. Lucian's Style, etc. — It is wonderful what mastery the 
 Syrian provincial gained over the niceties of Attic expression and 
 style. 6 Close and long-continued study of the best classic models, 
 combined with his great natural genius, good sense, and quickness 
 in gaining new impressions and assimilating new ideas, brought 
 this about. His style is remarkable for its transparent clearness, 
 its perfect lucidity, its limpid flow, its rhythmic grace, its simplicity 
 and naturalness, and the ready ease with which it adapts itself to 
 
 1 Cf. Hermot. 74; Hip. 3. tation of Hugo Bliimner, 'DeLocis Luciani 
 
 * That he was lacking in real historic con- ad Artem Spectantibus,' Berlin, 1S66. 
 
 sciousness and in profound grasp of history, * Cf. Pro Lapsu, 13. 
 
 Passow shows in his pamphlet, ' Lucian und s Notice, e. g., in Tim. 22, comparison of 
 
 die Geschichte,' Meiningen, 1854. rich man, beset by legacy-hunters, to thunny 
 
 3 See notably description of a picture by fish, is the same as in Hor. Sat. 2, 5. 
 
 Aetion in ' Herodotus or Aetion, ' — which 6 How much Lucian piqued himself ou 
 
 is taid to have given Raphael hints for one of his graceful style may be seen by reading 
 
 his frescos, — and of a picture by Zeuxis in his ' Zeuxis or Antiochus ' and the ' Prome- 
 
 ' Zeuxis or Antiochus' ; and compare disser- theus es in Verbis.' 
 
 C 
 
XXXIV GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the most varied emotions and the most diversified themes. It is 
 vivified with the enthusiasm of strong convictions and earnest pur- 
 pose ; it sparkles with bright emanations of fancy; it kindles with 
 glowing imaginativeness ; it is suffused with healthful humor and 
 playful wit ; while satire, sarcasm, mockery, and scorn are its 
 peculiar elements, its vital air. 
 
 But with all his zeal for perfect Attic usage, Lucian never quite 
 succeeded in ridding himself of solecism, and freeing himself from 
 the tendencies of the language of his own day. He cannot manage 
 the particle with the subtile force and fine precision of the earlier 
 time. He often gives us sentences overloaded with those marvel- 
 lous creations of the Greek genius. His use of the idiomatic <ai, 
 as also of the indefinite tls as an adjective modifier, is so frequent 
 as to become a mannerism. He often uses cos for coa-re, and fre- 
 quently has [xt] where ovk would alone be possible in the better 
 period. Nor is he quite clear as to the proper functions of the 
 optative. In purpose and conditional clauses he often employs it 
 where the subjunctive were more correctly used. Lucian further- 
 more often sins against good taste by his frequent reiteration of 
 the same idea or illustration, and by his fondness for certain 
 Homeric phrases and oft-used images. 
 
 Lucian enriched the world with a new literary form in the satiric 
 dialogue. 1 The philosophical dialogue was the starting-point ; but 
 into the severe and dignified form of Plato he breathed the laugh- 
 ing, satiric spirit of Aristophanes. In his hands this became a 
 potent instrument for hastening the downfall of Olympus and 
 shattering the decaying columns of the ancient but degenerated 
 Schools. There have been many modern imitators- of his work, 
 especially of his ' Dialogues of the Dead.' Moreover, by his 
 'True History' he became the father of all that abundant class of 
 books of which ' Gulliver's Travels ' and ' Munchausen' are familiar 
 modern examples. 
 
 3. Lucian's Philosophy. — Enough has already been said to 
 show Lucian's attitude toward the philosophy of his day. What 
 were his own ideas of the great questions which philosophy attempts 
 
 1 Cf. Prom, es in Verb. 7 ; Bis Ace. 33 f.; Piscat. 26. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXV 
 
 to answer? 1 He was a good deal of an agnostic, I suspect. 
 Actual, practical life absorbed his time and attention to the exclu- 
 sion of speculative problems. He was by nature and preference 
 an iconoclast. Great names and ancient systems, with their vaunted 
 assumption of authority, provoked in him, not reverence, but a 
 smile of incredulity. His work for the world was not to build up, 
 but to tear down. It was his high privilege to show the hollow 
 and unsatisfactory nature of the philosophical teachings of his day. 
 Beyond this he hardly went or cared to go. When he had pulled 
 down the idols that his age adored, he had no others to set up in 
 their places. He did not believe in idols. In the * Life of Demo- 
 nax' he would seem to have delineated his ideal of a sage, — no 
 dogmatic adherent of a particular school of thought, but broad and 
 catholic in his associations and sympathies, sincere and sensible in 
 his daily life. In the * Hermotimus' 2 he figures Truth under the 
 image of a city where all are blissful, — fair as the city toward 
 which Bunyan's Christian made his triumphant pilgrimage, — 
 whither it would be worth a lifetime of effort to attain. The 
 different sects claim each to know the one way that leadeth there- 
 unto. But what ordinary man has the means of deciding which 
 one is in the right, or whether, indeed, any one may be ? Ah, and 
 life is too short to devote the necessary years to weighing the 
 claims of each ; especially when we contemplate the immoral lives 
 of those who assert that they have gained the calm, clear heights 
 of truth. It is not worth while, therefore, to worry ourselves in a 
 weary attempt to attain the extremely improbable, but strive to 
 make our immediate lives happy and sweet, strong and helpful. 
 He praised the good life wherever he found it. His bitterest spite 
 against the Schools is because of the incontinent, inconsistent lives 
 of the adherents, which their teachings had no power to control. 
 In one place he has a good word for Epictetus, 3 in another for 
 Epicurus, 4 in another for a Cynic; 5 yet the systems these repre- 
 sented were unspared. That his own life was moral and earnest we 
 
 1 See in this connection the dissertation 3 Adv. Indoct. 13. 
 of Wilhelm Chlebs, ' De Luciano Philo- 4 Alex. 47. 
 
 sopho,' Berlin, 1838. 8 Cf. the 'Cynic'; also Catapl. 24. 
 
 2 Hermot. 22 ff. 
 
XXXVI GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 may well believe. True, there are some passages in his writings 
 which offend against our moral taste. But ancient morality, at its 
 best, was not Christian morality ; and we must allow somewhat 
 for the temper of the times and the temptations the humorous 
 writer is ever under to provoke a laugh by rather broad and ques- 
 tionable utterances. He mentions, as an amusing calumny, Alex- 
 ander's charge of immorality against himself; l and the whole tenor 
 of his writings makes him a lover of truth and a hater of evil. 2 
 His philosophy of life, if I mistake not, is summed up in the 
 striking sentence from ' Hermotimus,' found upon our title-page : 
 ' Virtue consists in activity ; that is, in doing right, and sensible, 
 and manly acts.' The wise man will not hold himself aloof from 
 those about him, but will enter into their life, and seek fellowship 
 with them. 3 
 
 4. Lucian and Religion. — Lucian disbelieved entirely in the 
 supernatural. Religion was a mass of idle tales and absurd tradi- 
 tions, from which the sensible man should cut quite loose. Into 
 the battle against the popular faith, with its gods innumerable, its 
 meaningless rites, its senseless oracles, he entered with heart and 
 soul. He mocked and railed at superstition and all credulous 
 beliefs and observances. But here again he offered no substitute 
 for the faith he contemned. Faint and feeble are the traces in his 
 works — if, indeed, they can be found at all — of any conception of 
 the eternal God, unknown, incomprehensible. He was too much 
 absorbed in the life that is, for any illumination from the life to 
 come to lighten his inner consciousness. But his scepticism had 
 nothing systematic or dogmatic about it. It was that of the busy, 
 practical man of the world, who, in his eagerness to clear the 
 tangled places and make straight the crooked pathways of this life, 
 finds neither time nor inclination to puzzle his brain and perplex 
 his heart with any verities except those which are apparent to the 
 sense or apprehended by experience. But life will be better if 
 freed from the tyranny of religion. Lucian's satire, therefore, is 
 something more than irreverent mockery and sneering laughter at 
 
 1 Alex. 54. \j/ev8rjs ical (jlictotv <)>os kcu. /niaw trav rb 
 
 2 In the 'Angler,' 20, Lucian says of him- TotovTwfie? elSo? tu>v jxiapcov avBpu>n<»v. 
 self: fn<ra\d^oiv etju.1 «al juu<royoTjs «al /u.t<ro- 3 Cf. Hermot. 84; Lapith. 34. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xxxvil 
 
 the follies and foibles of the gods. It is informed by a profound 
 moral purpose to free men from ignorance and self-deception, and 
 to rescue them from the fears of superstition and the infamous arts 
 of the charlatan. 
 
 The most striking parallel to Lucian in modern times is Voltaire. 
 Their methods were the same ; their attitude toward the times in 
 which they lived, the same. But the Greek satirist gains by com- 
 parison with the witty Frenchman. He does not misrepresent nor 
 caricature the doctrines he attacks. Without passion or prejudice, 
 he sets the idols of the decrepit faith before us just as they are. 
 And that is enough. 
 
 In his zeal for the destruction of paganism and superstition, he 
 was really a most potent ally of Christianity. But the early Church 
 did not recognize him as such, and he himself would have scoffed 
 at the idea. He was incapable of estimating the new force which 
 had come into the world and was silently exerting among the 
 lower classes its divine power of regeneration. To him Christianity 
 was only one of the innumerable Eastern faiths, — an offshoot of 
 the despised system of the Jews, — the infatuated adherents of 
 which were worthy only of contemptuous pity. 
 
 The Christian scholiasts and some later commentators have 
 found frequent allusions to the Christian scriptures in Lucian's 
 writings, and have heaped upon him unsparing abuse. The ' True 
 History' was supposed to offer abundant examples. The battle in 
 mid-air between the forces of the moon and the sun was a travesty 
 of the conflict of St. Michael and the dragon ; the monstrous whale 
 which swallowed the adventurers was in mockery of the story of 
 Jonah ; the city of gold, where there is neither night nor day, and 
 where the vines bear fruit twelve times a year, was an impious allu- 
 sion to the new Jerusalem, — the 'city of pure gold,' 'which hath 
 no need of the sun, neither of the moon,' and through which flows 
 the river of life, on whose banks stands ' the tree of life, yielding 
 its fruit every month.' It is not impossible that the ' True His- 
 tory ' may contain some faint reminiscence of the Bible ; but it is 
 far more probable, as Hermann Kiihn has clearly shown, 1 that all 
 
 1 Program, Grimma, 1844. 
 
XXXV111 GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 these supposed allusions are either the chance similarities incident 
 to all highly figurative descriptions of like subjects, or references 
 to matters found in profane literature. It is in the account of 
 Peregrinus alone 1 that Lucian manifests any knowledge of the 
 Christian religion. The passage 2 in which he speaks of the 
 Christians is very famous, and has been the subject of much con- 
 troversy ; but it contains nothing which indicates in Lucian a 
 feeling of special animosity and enmity against our faith. It reads 
 as follows : — 
 
 ' About this time 3 he became a master of the marvellous wisdom 
 of the Christians, through association about Palestine with their 
 priests and scribes. And — would you believe it? — in a short time 
 these were mere boys beside him who rose to be their prophet, 
 master of rites, head of the synagogue and everything. Of their 
 books he explained and expounded some, and composed many 
 himself ; and they began to regard him as a god, and had him as 
 their lawgiver, and made him their bishop. Anyway, they still 
 worship that great man, — the one who was crucified in Palestine 
 for introducing this new mystery. Well, Peregrinus was arrested 
 for his zeal and cast into prison, • — a circumstance which redounded 
 no little to his renown for the future, and to the love of mystery 
 and thirst for notoriety which were his ruling passions. For while 
 he remained in bonds, the Christians, considering this a general 
 calamity, left no means untried in their endeavor to set him free. 
 When their efforts proved unavailing, ministries of every other 
 sort were continued with unremitting zeal. From the earliest 
 dawn one could see aged widows and orphan children waiting 
 beside the prison-door ; nay, men of authority among them bribed 
 
 1 The tractate, ' Philopatris,' included rary, have found an allusion to Christ. In 
 
 among Lucian's writings, belongs, without 'Alexander,' 25, the false prophet speaks of 
 
 doubt, to a much later period. On the evi- Epicureans, atheists, and Christians in the 
 
 dence of this, however, Lucian was by some same breath ; the reason for classing them 
 
 thought to be an apostate Christian. In the together being that they were all alike in- 
 
 ' Philopseudes,' 16, where a Syrian of Pale- credulous of heathen oracles, 
 
 stine, famous for his power in curing demo- 2 De Morte Peregr. 11 ff. 
 
 niacs and lunatics, is mentioned, many, 3 Namely, shortly after the murder of his 
 
 contrary to the plain meaning of the passage, father, when Peregrinus was wandering from 
 
 which speaks of the Syrian as a contempo- land to land. 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. XXXIX 
 
 the jailer, and spent the night with him. Moreover, elaborate 
 meals were brought in, their sacred books were read, and the most 
 excellent Peregrinus — for so he still was called — was styled by 
 them a second Socrates. Besides all this, there came from the 
 cities of Asia persons delegated by the Christians at their common 
 cost to assist the man, to defend him on trial, and to give him 
 comfort. They display inconceivable alacrity whenever their public 
 interest is in question ; in short, they grudge nothing. So Pere- 
 grinus received considerable money from them on the pretext of 
 his imprisonment, which indeed proved very profitable to him. 
 For these poor wretches have made themselves believe that they 
 are altogether immortal, and are going to live for evermore ; so 
 they hold death in contempt, and most are quite ready to yield 
 themselves thereunto. Moreover, their first lawgiver made them 
 believe that they are all brothers one of another when they have 
 once abandoned and quite abjured the gods of the Greeks, and 
 given their worship to that crucified sophist of theirs, and con- 
 formed their lives to his laws. So they hold all things in equal 
 contempt, and esteem them as common property, having adopted 
 such notions with no clear ground of faith. If, therefore, an 
 impostor appears among them, a man of skill and craft, and able to 
 manage affairs, he gets rich in no time at all by playing upon these 
 simple folk.' 
 
 The governor of Syria at that time was devoted to philosophy, 
 Lucian says ; and perceiving that Peregrinus was rather anxious 
 than otherwise for martyr fame, he disappointed him by setting 
 him at liberty. Peregrinus went back home, where the feeling 
 against him because of his crime was still strong. He escaped the 
 fury of the people by yielding up to them what remained of his 
 large patrimony, and again set forth upon his wanderings, depend- 
 ing upon the Christians everywhere for supplies. But he was soon 
 found guilty of some transgression, — of eating some forbidden 
 food, Lucian thinks, — and was excommunicated. 
 
 This is all. The narrative is entirely free from any appearance 
 of spite or hate or mockery. Lucian speaks of the ' marvellous 
 wisdom of the Christians'; but no trace of sarcasm lurks in the 
 
xl GENERAL INTRODUCTION. 
 
 expression, so far as we can judge, though the scholiast took it in 
 that way, and uttered a very unchristian malediction. His refer- 
 ence to Christ as the 'crucified sophist' contains no opprobrium 
 whatever. ' Sophist,' in Lucian's day, was a perfectly good word, 
 as much so as 'teacher' or 'lecturer' at the present time. There 
 is abundant proof that Lucian's knowledge of the Christians was 
 extremely superficial ; else, for example, he would never have 
 spoken of 'priests' and 'scribes,' nor mentioned the synagogue, 
 nor supposed that Christians could have held Peregrinus for a 
 god, or named him Socrates. But he knows about the zeal of the 
 Christians when a brother is in difficulty ; of their brotherly love, 
 their splendid liberality and self-sacrifice ; of their contempt for 
 the world in the belief of an immortality ; of their bravery in the 
 face of death ; of their perfect abjuration of heathen divinities ; of 
 their worship of Christ, with conformity of their lives to his laws. 
 He thinks, however, that they have no sure ground for their faith; 
 and pronounces them ' poor wretches ' (KaKodaifxoves) for their lack 
 of worldly wisdom, and the ease with which they allow themselves 
 to fall a prey to any clever impostor who appears. One needs 
 only to compare Lucian's utterances with those of Tacitus, Sueto- 
 nius, and Pliny, to appreciate the difference in Lucian's attitude. 
 He simply did not understand the new light that was shining into 
 men's lives ; but so far as he did know it, he finds in it nothing to 
 rail at or to mock. He thought of its devotees as simple, credu- 
 lous, deluded people, — nothing more, nothing less. He was not 
 of a temper that could have been brought to recognize its beauty 
 or admit its claims ; though all the time he was doing it manful 
 service by hurrying to complete overthrow the falling superstition 
 of Olympus. 
 
 5. Lucian's Value for Us. <— More than any other writer, 
 Lucian enables us to know how men lived and acted, what their 
 thoughts and feelings were, in that period during which the new 
 principle of Christianity was beginning to make itself a recognized 
 force in an exhausted civilization and an enervated race. The 
 helplessness of Zeus and his court, — strengthened though it was by 
 strange importations from Egypt and the East, — the hopelessness 
 
GENERAL INTRODUCTION. xli 
 
 of philosophy, are reflected as nowhere else in his pages. The 
 pageant of second century life passes in long procession before our 
 eyes. The rich and the poor jostle each other, and peer with half- 
 angry glances into one another's faces ; prince and slave look 
 across an infinite chasm into each others eyes ; lord and lady 
 parade before us with their vices and their follies on their sleeves ; 
 charlatan and enthusiast, priest and juggler, pander and parasite, 
 sorceress and strange woman, idle rhetorician and captious 
 philosopher, savant and cynic, fortune-hunter and fawning poli- 
 tician, crowd and elbow their way along before us, and bring to us 
 with startling vividness the follies, the passions, the enthusiasms, 
 the competitions, and all the bustle and rustle and hurly-burly of 
 the tragedy, the comedy, the ballet of life, which thronged the 
 great world-theatre some seventeen centuries ago. 
 
 Authorities. — For fuller details with reference to the age, 
 and Lucian's activity, the student is referred to the following 
 treatises : — ' The Age of the Antonines,' by W. W. Capes 
 (' Epochs of Anc. Hist.' series) ; closing chapters of Merivale's 
 'Romans under the Empire'; opening chapters of Gibbon's 
 ' Decline and Fall'; Lecky, ■ History of European Morals,' ch. ii. ; 
 Farrar, 'Seekers after God,' ch. iv. ; Renan, ' Marc-Aurele ' ; 
 1 Lucian,' by W. L. Collins (' Anc. Classics for English Readers ' 
 series) ; Froude's ' Short Studies,' third series ; Martha, ■ Les 
 Moralistes sous PEmpire Romain,' last ch.; Jacob, ' Characteristik 
 Lucians'; 'Democratic Review,' ji, 223; 'Quart. Rev.' 37, 32; 
 ■ Eclectic Mag.' 134, 796 ; ' Bibliotheca Sacra,' 10, 284, 448 j 
 Classical Dictionaries, etc. 
 
IIEPI TOY ENYIINIOY HTOI BIOS 
 AOYKIANOY. 
 
 1 "Apn fiev eireirav\xr\v et? ra ScSaa-KaXela (pocrwv 
 rjhrf rrjv rjKiKLav 7rp6cr7)/3os a>v, o Be nrarr\p eV/co- 
 7T6LTO jxera rcov (frlXoov, o tl teal ScSd^airo fie. to?? 
 7r\eL<TT0L<; ovv eho^e iraiheia fiev kclI ttovov iroX- 
 Xov kcjX yjpovov fxa/cpov /cal hairdvrjs ov fit/cpas /cat 5 
 TVXV? BelaOai Xapurpd^y ra 6° rj/juerepa pmcpd re 
 elvai teal rayeldv riva rrjv eiriKovplav dirabrelv 
 el he Ttva re^vrjv rwv (3avavo~cov rovrcov i/c/jidOoifiL, 
 to fiev irpwrov ev6v<z av avrbs e%eiv ra dpKOvvra 
 irapa tj)? re^vrj^ /cal pL7]Ker olkoctitos elvat rrjXt- ic 
 kovtos wv, ov/c et? fiarcpdv he /cal rov rrarepa ev- 
 
 2 (f>paveiv a7ro(f)epcov del to <yiv6/j,evov. Sevrepas ovv 
 ence-tyeeds a PXV Trpovredrj, t/? dptcrrrj rcov re-yywv 
 kcli pacrrrj eKfiaOeZv real dvSpl eXevOepco rrperrovaa 
 teal irpoyeipov eyovcra ri^v 'xppriyiav KaL ^tapfcrj rov 15 
 iropov. aXXov roivvv aXXrjv eiraivovvro^, ft>? erca- 
 ctos <yva)fjLT]<; tj epLTreipias el%ev, 6 Trarrjp eh tov 
 Oelov airihcov, — rraprjv yap 6 7rpo? fjbrjrpb? deios, 
 api<TTo<f epfioyXvcpos elvat Bokcov, XcOotjoos ev to?? 
 
2 AOTKIANOT [2 
 
 /jbakio-ra evBoKL/juots — " ov #e/u?," elirev, " aXXrjv 
 T€%vr]v eiriKpaTelv <rov irapovTos, dXXa tovtov aye" 
 — Belt; a? ifie — " teal BcBdaKov irapaXa^oov Xldcov 
 ipydrrjv dyaBov elvai /ecu avvapjJLoarr]v /cal epfioyXv- 
 5 (/>ea • Bvvarai yap ko\ tovto <j>vcreco<; ye, co? olaOa, 
 e^wv Se^co?*" ire/c/jLaipero Be rat? i/c rod /crjpov 
 iraiBiah • oirore yap d<peOelr)v vtto toov BiBaa/cd- 
 Xcov, airo^ewv dv tov /crjpbv rj ft6a<s r) Xttttovs r) /cal 
 vr) AC dv6p(07rovs dveifkarTOv, cI/cotcds, go? IBokovv 
 
 10 ra> irarpi' l<f oh irapd fiev toov BtBaa/cdXcov irXrj- 
 ya? iXdfJbftavov, rore Be erraivos eh rrjv evfyv'iav 
 /cal ravra r)v, /cal ^^crra? &X 0V ^ ^A 4,0 ^ T ^ 
 6X7rtSa?, co? ev ftpayei pLa6r)ao^at ttjv Te^vrjv, air 
 e/celvrjs ye rfjs ifkaarLKrj^. 
 
 15 " Afia re ovv e7riTr)BeL0<$ eBo/cei r)fxepa Teyyr}*; evdp- 3 
 yecrOai, /cdya> 7rapeBeB6/jLrjv tco Beico /jlcl tov A'C ov 
 o~(p68pa tc3 7rpdy/JLan d^Oofievo^, dXXa \xoi teal irai- 
 Bidv riva ov/c drepirrj eBo/cec c^ew fcal 7rpo? rov? 
 rjXtfacoTas ewLBei^LV, el ^atvolfjbrjv deovs re yXv<f)Q)V 
 
 20 teal dyaXfidrcd rtva /xi/cpa fcarao-fcevd^cov efiavrS re 
 KaKelvois oh 7rpor)povfjL7]v. real to ye irpcorov e/celvo 
 to avvrjOes tols dpyop,evoi<$ eyiveTo • eyteoirea yap 
 Tivd fjbot Sou? 6eto<$ e/ceXevaev f)pefjba /caOt/ceadai 
 7r\a/co9 ev fjuea(p /ceLfievr/s, eireiircbv to koivov " dp^V 
 
 25 Be tol rjfuo-v iravTOs" o~/cXrjpOTepov Be icaTevey/cov- 
 tos vtt aireipla^ /caTedyrj fiev r) irXd^, Be dya- 
 va/CTrjo-as crKVTaXrjv Tivd irXrjaiov Ketfievqv Xaficbv 
 ov 7r/)aa>? ovBe irpoTpeirTLKW? jjlov /caTr)p%aTO, (oare 
 Bdicpvd fioL Ta iTpooifiia t?5? Te^y 7 !?* diroBpas 4 
 
 30 ovv eiceiOev eirl ttjv ol/ciav d^LKvovfiai crvvexes 
 
-6] ENTIINION. 3 
 
 dvaXv^cov fcal BaKpvcov tovs ocpOaXpiovs viroTrXew^, 
 Kal BirjyovpLac r?)v crKvrdXrjv, Kal tovs pbcoXcoira^ 
 eBeiKWov • Kal Karrjyopovv 7roXXijv rcva copiorrira, 
 irpocrOel^ on iiiro (pdovov ravra eBpacre, pur) avrbv 
 virepftdXcofiai Kara ttjv reyyrfv. dyavaKrrjaapLevrj^ 5 
 Be rr)? /JLTjrpbs /cat woXXd rco dBeXcj>a> XocBoprjaa- 
 fjbivr)?, eirel vv% eirrfkOe, KareBapOov en evBaKpvs 
 Kal tt]v crKvrdXrjv del evvocov. 
 
 5 Meypt puev Br/ rovrcov yeXdcnpua Kal pLeipaKLtoBrj 
 rd elprjfjLeva' to puerd ravra Be ovKert evKaracppo- 10 
 vrjra, co avBpes, aKovcreaOe, dXXa Kal irdvv (ptXr)- 
 kocov aKpoarcov Beo/ieva' iva yap Kad' "Opbrjpov 
 
 etTTCO 
 
 6e\6s /xot tvxmviov rj\0eu oveipos 
 d/j.^po(xiT]v 81a vvKTa 15 
 
 ivapyrys o#tco?, coare /irjBev diroXeiirecrOai rrjs dXrj- 
 Oeias' en yovv Kal pier a roaovrov ypovov rd re 
 (jyjqjiard fioi rcov cpavevrcov ev rols ofyOaXpiols 
 irapap,evei Kal rj cpcovrj rcov aKovaOevrcov evavXos' 
 
 6 ovrco aacpi) irdvra rjv. Bvo yvvaiKes XaftopLevat 20 
 ralv yepolv etkKOv pue Trpbs eavrrjv eKarepa fidXa 
 f3talco<; zeal Kaprepcos • puKpov yovv pue Bieo-irdaavro 
 irpbs dXXrjXas (piXonpLOvpLevao' Kal yap dpri puev 
 dv rj erepa eireKpdret Kal irapa paKpbv bXov elye 
 p,e, dpri B' dv avOts virb rrjs erepas elyopur]v. 25 
 eftbcov Be irpbs dXXijXas eKarepa, rj puev &)? avrrjs 
 ovra pue KeKrr\aOai fBovXouro, rj Be co? pudrijv rcov 
 dXXorpccov avrtiroiolro. r)v Be r\ /lev epyarcKT) 
 Kal dvBpcKr] Kal avypuTjpa rr\v KOpbrjv, rco X 6 ^P e 
 rvXcov dvdirXeco^, Bie£cocrp,evr) rrjv eaOrjra, nrdvov 3° 
 
4 AOTKIANOT [6 
 
 Karayefjiova-a, olo$ rjv 6 Oelos, oirore %eot, rovs 
 \l6ov<;' r) erepa Be fidXa evirpoo-coiros Kal to o"xf}/j,a 
 evTrpeTrr)? Kal koct}xlo^ rrjv dva/3o\rjv. reXo? 8' ovv 
 i(f>iao~i /not BiKa^etv, OTrorepa f3ov\oL/j,r)v avvetvat 
 
 5 avTcov. rrpoTepa Be r) crKXr/pd eKeivrj Kal dvBpcoBr/s 
 eXe^ev " iyco, cpiXe 7ra2, 'Ep/ioyXvcjitKr) Te^vrj el/xi, 7 
 rjv %#e? rjp% co /xavOdvetv, oitcela re crot Kal crvyyevr/s 
 fiT}rp66ev • 6 re yap irdiriro^ gov " — elirovaa 
 rovvofia tov p,r)Tpoirdropo^ — " XtOotjoo? rjv Kal tco 
 
 io Oelco djjbfyoTepto Kal fjudXa evBoKL/neiTOv Bt r)juLa$. el 
 B' eOekeis Xr)pcov fiev Kal (f>Xr}vdcf)cov tcov irapd rav- 
 T779 dirkyeGQair — Bei^acra tt/v erepav — " eirecrQat 
 Be Kal crvvoiKelv e/xoi, irpcoTa /lev 6peyjrrj yevvtKcos 
 Kal tovs co/jlov$ e£et? Kaprepovs, cj)66vov Be TravTos 
 
 15 dXXoTptos eery Kal ovirore airet eirl rrjv dXXoBa- 
 nrr/v, ttjv irarpiBa Kal tovs OLKelovs KaraXtircov, 
 ovB' eirl Xoyois eiraivecrovTai ere irdvres. fir/ /jlv- 8 
 aa^Ofj^ Be rod cr^ijfiaro^ to evTeXes /nr/Be Tr)$ 
 iadr)ro<; to irtvapov diro yap tolovtcov 6p/ico/ievo$ 
 
 20 Kal <£etcHa? eKelvos eBet^e tov Ala Kal UoXvKXetTos 
 tt/v "Upav elpydaaTO Kal Mvpcov eTrr/veOr/ Kal 
 Hpa%LTe\r)<$ idav/judcrOr)' irpocrKWOvvTat yovv ovTot 
 fieTa tcvv Oecov. el Brj tovtcov eh yevoto, irco? /iev 
 ov KXetvbs avTO? irapa iraatv dvOpcoirots Sofet?, 
 
 25 tr/XcoTov Be Kal tov iraTepa a7roBeit;€C<;, TrepiftXeTTTOV 
 Be diroc\>avel<$ Kal ttjv TraTplBa." 
 
 TavTa Kal On tovtcov TrXelova, BiaiTTaiovcra Kal 
 f3ap/3apl£ovo~a to, iroXXd, elirev r) Te'^vrj, /idXa Br) 
 cnrovBfj avvelpovaa Kal ireiOeiv fie iretpco/ievrj • a\V 
 
 30 ovKeTi fiefjuvrjiiai' tcl irXelaTa yap r/Br/ /iov ttjv 
 
-io.] ENTIINION. 5 
 
 fjLvr)fJL7)v Scecfrvyev. eVel <jf ovv eiravaaro, apteral 
 9 r) erepa a)Bi ttw " eyco Be, co re/cvov, TlaiBela elpul 
 rjhrj <rvvr)6r)<; croc teal yvoiptpur], el /cal pur/BeTrco et? 
 reXos fiov ireireipaaai. rfkUa fxev ovv rd dyaOd 
 iropifj Xido%6o<; yevopuevos, clvtt) irpoelpr/icev ovBev s 
 yap ore pur) epydrrjs ear/ tw adipLari irovcov kclv 
 tovtg) rr/v diraaav eXirlBa tov (3lov reOetpuevo^, 
 a<$>avr]s puev avrbs a>v, oXtya /cal dyevvr) Xapbftdvcov, 
 TCLTreivos rr/v yvcopbr/v, evreXr/s Be rr/v irpooBov, ovre 
 <$>lXol$ einBi/cdaipio^ ovre e^Opofc (froftepbs ovre rot? io 
 ttoXltclis £t]Xcdt6<;, dXX' avrb p,6vov epydrr/s /cal 
 TOiV etc rov 7roXXov Sr/puov, eh del rov nrpov^ovra 
 viroirrr/aawv ical rov Xeyetv Bwdpuevov Oepairevcov, 
 Xayo) (Biov ^a>v real tov Kpelrrovos epfxauov cov. 
 el Be teal <f>eiSias r) IIoXv/cXecTo<; yevoio ical iroXXa 15 
 OavpaaTa e^epydaato, rrju puev Teyvr/v airavres 
 eiraiveaovrai, ov/c eart he ocrTt? twv IBovtcov, el 
 vovv e%6t, ev^acr dp bpboios aoi yeveaOat' olo$ yap 
 di> 77?, fidvavaos ical yeipu>va% ical diro^eipoBiOiTO^ 
 10 vopuaOr/ar/. r)v B 1 e/iol nreiQr/, irpQiTov puev aoi 20 
 7roXXd eirihel^w iraXaioiv dvBpcov epya, ical irpd^eis 
 Oavjiaard^ ical Xoyovs avrayv dirayyeXXovaa ical 
 irdvrwv &>? elirelv epareipov dirofyaivovaa, real rr)v 
 yfrv^riv croc, oirep Kvpidyrarov eart, /caTaicoapLrjaco 
 7roA-\ot? ical dyaOoU Koapbr/paai, aaxfipoavvy, 25 
 Sacatoavvr/, evaefSeiq, irpaoTr/Ti, eirieLtceiq, avveaei, 
 Kapreptq, too tcov kclXoov epcoTi, rfj Trpbs rd 
 aepLvbrara 6pp,f/' ravra yap eaTtv 6 rfjs ^f%% 
 d/crfparos w? dXr/Ows icoapLos. Xijcret Be ere ovre 
 iraXaibv ovSev ovre vvv yeveadai Seov, dXXd ical 30 
 
6 AOTKIANOT [10 
 
 to, fjueXXovra nrpoo^rei fxer efxov' teal oXeo<; aTravra, 
 oirbera earl, rd re Oela rd t dvOpeoiTLva, ovk eU 
 fia/cpdv ere BiBd^o/mai. teal 6 vvv irevr]^ 6 rod 11 
 Belvos, 6 /3ov\evcrd/jL€vos irepl dyevvovs ourca re^vrj^, 
 5 fier bXiyov diraeri ^r/Xcorbs Kal iiri<$>6ovo$ eery, 
 TifMOdfievos teal eiraivovfjuevos /cat enrl rocs dplerrots 
 evBo/cifjicov real virb twv yevet ical irXovreo irpov- 
 ^ovreov aTroftXeiroiievos, eaOrjra /uuev TOLavrrjv dfiire- 
 'XPfjievos," — Bei^aera ttjv eavrrj^' irdvv Be XafiTrpdv 
 
 io iepopei — " dp'xfjs Be teal irpoeBplas d^Lovfievos* 
 kclv ttol d7rocj7)fjifj<;, ovB' errl t% dXXoBa7rf}s dyvebs 
 teal d(f>avr)<; ear}' roiavrd erot ireptOrjcrcd rd yvcopt- 
 (TjJLara, cocrre twv opcovrcov e/cacrTos rbv irXr)erlov 
 Kivtfcras Bel^ec ere rS BaKrvXep ' ovtos e/eeivo? ' 
 
 15 Xe'ycov. av he ri erirovBrj^ a%iov r) rot>? efrlXovs r) 12 
 zeal ttjv ttoXlv oXrjv KaTaXap,{3dvr), els ere irdvres 
 aTTOpXe^rovraf kolv itov re Xeyeov Tv-^rjs, Ke^rjvores 
 ol iroXXol dfeovcrovTca, davfxd^ovres ere rrjs Bvvd- 
 /X60)? rcov Xoywv teal top irarepa rrjs ev7raiBia$ 
 
 20 evSai/jLovi^ovTes • o Be XeyovcriVj &)? dpa Kal 
 dOdvaroi rives yivovrai ef dvOpeoircDv, rovro eroi 
 irepiiroirjercd' ical yap r)v avrbs etc rod fiiov aTreXOr/s, 
 ovirore iravcrr) ervveov tols TreiratBevixevois ical 
 7rpoao/jicX(op rols dplerroi^. bpas rbv Arjfiocrdevrjv 
 
 2s ifceivov, rtvos vlbv ovra eyeb t)Xlkov eiroLrjcra. op as 
 rbv Alo-^lvrjv, o? rv/Jbirav carp las vlbs f)v, ottcds 
 avrbv Bl e/jL€ <friXnnros eOepdireverev. o Be Seo/cpd- 
 rrjs Kal avrbs virb rfj ep/AoyXve^Lfcf) re-^vr) rpaepels 
 eVetS?) TayiGTa ervvrjice rod Kpelrrovos Kal Bpawe- 
 
 30 Teveras irap avrfjs rjvTOfjLoXrjerev co? e/jbi, d/covei? 
 
-i5] ENTI1N10N. 7 
 
 13 &)? irapd irdvrwv aSercu. a<£et? Be crv tov$ ttjXl- 
 kovtovs zeal toiovtovs avBpas Kal irpd^et^ Xapurpd^ 
 Kal Xoyov? crefjLvovs Kal ayj]\xa evirpeire^ Kal tl/jLtjv 
 Kal B6%av Kal eiraivov Kal irpoeBpias Kal Bvvdfieis 
 Kal dp-^ds Kal to eirl Xoyocs evBoKLfxelv Kal to s 
 iirl avvecret euBacfiovl^eaOac ^ltojvlov tl irtvapov 
 evBvar] Kal cryr)\xa BovXoirpeire^ dvaXrjyfrr] Kal 
 fjio^Xia Kal yXvcfteta Kal Koireas Kal KoXaTTTr)pa<; 
 ev Talv ^epoiv efet? kutco vevevKcos els to epyov, 
 Xa/JLaL7reTr]s Kal ^afMal^rjXo^ Kal irdvTa Tpoirov io 
 Taireivos, dvaKvTTTcov Be ovBeiroTe ovBe dvBpcoBes 
 ovBe eXevOepov ovSev eircvoaiv, dXXa tcl fiev epya 
 07ra)? evpvOfxa Kal evo"%y)fiova eaTai croi irpovowv, 
 07T&)? Be avTos evpvOfios Kal k6ct{ilo<; ear} rjKto-Ta 
 
 7T€(j)pOVTtKO)^, dXX' aTLjAOTepOV TTOLOdV GeaVTOV TCOV 15 
 
 XlOwv." 
 
 14 TauTa eTi Xeyovo-rjs avT))s ov ireptpueivas eyco to 
 reXos Tcov Xoycov dvacrTa^ dire^rjvdfjirjv, Kal tt\v 
 ajiopfyov eKeivrjv Kal epyaTCKr/v diroXiiroov fieTe- 
 ftaivov 737)6? Tt]v TlacBeiap /xciXa yeyrjOcos, Kal 20 
 fidXtcTTa eirel fioi eh vovv rfXdev r) aKVTaXr) Kal 
 otl 7TXrjyd<; evdvs ovk oXiya? dp-yo^evw fiot %#e? 
 iveTpiyjraTO. rj Be diroXeLcfrOelcra to fiev irpoiTov 
 r)yavaKTet Kal tco X € ^P e o~vveKpoT€L Kal tol>? oBovTas 
 eirpie, TeA.o? Be, oiairep tt\v Nl6/3t]v aKovofxev, 25 
 eireir^yeL Kal els XiOov fjLeTe(3e(3Xr)T0. el Be 
 vrapdBo^a eiraOe, fArj dirio~TrjarjTe ' 6avfiaT07rocol 
 
 15 yap ol ovetpot. r) eTepa Be irpos fie dinBovaa 
 " Totyapovv d/ietyofiai ae," e(f>r}, " Tr)crBe rr}? 
 BiKaioavvr)*;, otl KaXto? ttjv Blktjv eBiKacra^' Kal 30 
 
8 AOTKIANOT L15 
 
 iXde tjStj, eTrlfirjOi tovtov tov o;^/a<zto? " — Beigacrd 
 tl fl%7}fia viroirrepoiv Xttttgw tlvcov tco Urjydaw 
 
 COLKOTCOV " 07T&>? €L$f)S, old KOL rfklKCL pLT] CLKoXoV- 
 
 6r)aa<; epuol dyvorjaeiv e/xeXXe?." enrel Be dvr)X6ov, 
 5 tj fxev rjXavve kcll rjvLoyeL, dpOels Be eU vyfros eya) 
 eTreaicoTrovv diro rrjs ecu dp^dpuevos &XP 1 ^P ** T ^ 
 ecnrepLa irbXeLS kcll edvrj kcll StJ/jlovs, KaOdrrep 6 
 TptTTToXefjios dirocrireipcov tl e? ttjv yrjv. ovtcen 
 fievroi p.efjbv^jjbai, 6 tl to GireLpopuevov eicelvo rjv, 
 
 io 7rXr}V TOVTO pbOVOVy otl KaTcoOev dcpopwvTes OL 
 dvOpcairoL eiryvovv kcll pueT evcftrjpLLas, Kad^ ou? ye- 
 volpLTjv ttj TTTrjaeL, irapeirepLirov. Bei^aaa he /jlol tol 16 
 ToaavTCL fcdpbe tols eiraLVOVCTLv etceivoLS eiravrjyayev 
 av0L<; ovrceTL tt]V ecrQr\Ta i/ceivr)v evSeSvKOTa, fjv 
 
 is eiyov d(f>L7TTdpLevo<;, dXXd pLOL eSoKOW ev7rdpvcf>6<; 
 Tt? eiravrjKeiv. KaTaXaffovcra ovv kcu tov nrarepa 
 eaTcoTa koI TrepLpuevovTa eBeUvvev avTcp eKelvrjv 
 tt)v eadrjTCL Kapue, olos rjKOLpuL, kcli tl kcll v7repLvr)- 
 crev, ola pLL/cpov Sclv irepl ipiov e(3ov\evcraTO. 
 
 20 Tclvtcl pbepLvrjpiaL IBcov dvTLiraL<; €tl cov, i'fiol Bokclv 
 eKTapa'xOels irpb<; tov twv irX^ycov cj)6{3ov. 
 
 MeTa^u Be XeyovTOS, " 'HpatcXeLs," e<j>r] tl$, " &>9 17 
 pLdtcpbv to evvirvLov teal ZlkclvlkoV' ehr dXXos 
 vireKpovcre, " yeLpuepLvoq oveLpos, bWe p,rjKLo-ial cIcflv 
 
 25 al vvKTes, rj Taya irov TpLecrirepos coairep o 'Hpa- 
 kXt/s teal clvtos eo~TL. tl o ovv eTrrfkOev avTto 
 Xrjprjo-aL tclvtcl 7rpo? rjpLCL? kcll pLvrjadrjvaL TraL^LKrj^ 
 
 VVKTO<$ KCLL OVelpWV 7TaXcLL(x)V Kdl <yey7]pCLK0T(DV ,* 
 
 ewXo? yap r) ^vypoXoyla ' /jltj ovelpcov viroKpLTas 
 30 TLvas r)pbd<$ v7relX7)(f)e ; " Ovk, uiyaOe- ovhe yap 
 
-i8.] ENTnNION. 9 
 
 asvo(f)a)v wore Btr)yov/jbevo<; to evvirviov, co? eBoKei 
 avTco TTvptcaia elvai ev rfj irarpwa oIkicl Kal ra 
 aXXa, — LCTT6 yap — ov% viroKptatv rrjv o\jriv ov& 
 a)? (f)Xvapelv £yv(0KQ)<; aura Bie^rjet, Kal ravra ev 
 7ro\e/j,(p Kal [aclxV KaL a7royva)(T6L irpayfidrcov, 5 
 irepieo-roiTCjov iroXefiiayv, dXXd ti Kal xprjcrifjiov el^ev 
 18 7) Birjyrjcris. Kal roivvv Kayco tov tov tov 
 ovetpov v/jlcv Bcrjyr) adp,7]v eKelvov eveKa, 
 
 07T0)? ol vkoi 7T/30? TCL {3 e\T 1(0 TpklTWVTai 
 
 Kal 7raiBela<; e^covrac, Kal fiaXcara, el rt? 10 
 avTosv virb irevia^ eOeXoKaKel Kal 7rpbs ra rjrrco 
 a7roK\ivei (pvcrtv ovk dyevvrj Bca<j)0elpcov. eirip- 
 p(oa6r)aeTai ev olK oti KCLKelvo? aKOVcras tov fiv- 
 0ov, iKavov eavrco irapaBetyiia e/xe TTpocrTrjo-dfievo^, 
 evvowv olos fjuev tov irpos ra KaWiara top/jurjcra Kai 15 
 Traiheias eTreOvfirjcra firiBev diroBeiXidaas irpos rrjv 
 irevlav rrjv Tore, olos Be wpbs v/j,a<; eiraveXrfXvOa, 
 el Kal fjLTjhev aXXo, ovBevbs yovv tmv XcdoyXvcpcov 
 dSogorepos. 
 
TIMON H MISANePOriOS. 
 
 TIMON, ZEY2, EPMH2, IIAOYTOS, IIENIA, TNA©fi- 
 NIAH2, $IAIAAM, AHMEA2, ©PA2YKAH2. 
 
 TIM. ^fl Zed (jtiXie /cal %evie /cal kraipele /cal 
 insane /cal acrTepoirr)Ta /cal op/cce /cal ve(f>eXr)yepeTa 
 /cal epiyhovire /cal el ti &e aXXo oi efiftpovTrfToi, 
 TTOLrjral /caXovac, /cal fiakiara orav airopoiai TTpb? 
 s ra fierpa, — Tore yap avTols 7ro\vu)vv/jLO<; yivofievos 
 virepeiheLS to ttutttov tov [xerpov /cal ava7r\rjpol<; to 
 Ke^rjvo^ tov pv0/jLov — irov croc vvv r) epio~\xapayo<$ 
 aarpaTrr) /cal r) ftapvfipotios ftpovTr) /cal 6 aWaXoei? 
 /cal apyrjet^ /cal cr/JbepSaXeos /cepavvos ; airavra yap 
 
 10 ravra Xrjpos rjhr) avaTre'cprjve /cal /cairvbs are^vco^ 
 7roir)TUCo<$ e^co tov iraTayov twv ovopbCLTcov. to Se 
 aolBifJiov ctol ical e/crjftoXov ottXov ical irpoyeipov 
 ov/c otS' oVw? TeXews aTTeaftr) /cal yfrv^pov eo~Ti 
 firjBe oXlyov airivOrjpa 6pyf}<; icaTa twv clSucovvtcov 
 
 is htafyvXcLTTOv. Oclttov yovv tcov eiriop/celv Tt? eVfc- 2 
 yeipovvTwv ecoXov OpvaXXtSa (poftrjdelr) av rj tt)v 
 tov iravhafiaTopo^ /cepavvov (j)Xoya • ovtco BaXov 
 TLva eiravaTeivecdai So/ce£? avTols, co? irvp p,ev r) 
 
-4] AOTKIANOT TIM&N. 33 
 
 kclttvov air avrov firj hehtevat, fiovov he rovro 
 oleadai diroXavcrecv rod rpavfjuaros, on dva7r\r)cr6r)- 
 crovrao rrjs dcr/36\ov. cocrre rjhrj hid ravrd croi, Kal 
 6 ^aXficovevs dvnjBpovrdv iroXf^a, ov irdvv n 
 dirlOavos cov, irpbs ovrco tyvy(pbv rrjv opyrjv Alcl $ 
 Oep/Jbovpybs dvrjp- /jLeyaXav^ov/nevos. ireos yap ; 
 oirov ye KaOdirep viro fiavhpayopa KaOevheis, o? ovre 
 
 r(OV ilTLOpKOVVTCOV UKOVeiS 0VT6 rOVS dhlKOVVraS 
 
 eiricrKoirels, Xtj/jlcis he real djji(3\vcorreis irpbs rd 
 ycvofieva teal rd cor a eKKeKcocpcocraL KaOdirep oi *o 
 
 3 Trapr)@7] /cores. eVet veos ye en fcal o^vOvfxos cov 
 Kal atc/JLalo? rr\v opyrjv iroXXa Kara rcov dhiKCOV Kal 
 ftiaicov eiroieis Kal ovheirore r)yes rore irpbs avrovs 
 eKeyeipiav, a\V del evepybs irdvrcos o Kepavvbs rjv 
 Kal 7) alyls errecretero Kal rj ftpovrr) eirarayelro is 
 Kal r/ darpairr) crvve^es coairep els aKpofioXto-fibv 
 irporjKOvri^ero • ol creicrfiol he KoaKLvrjhbv Kal y 
 X l <0V crcoprjhbv Kal 7] yaka^a irerprjhov, iva croi 
 cpoprcKcos hiaXeycofiac, verol re payhalot Kal fiiatot, 
 irora/jubs eKaarrj araycov ■ cocrre rrjXiKavrr) ev aKapel 20 
 Xpovov vavayia eirl rod AevKaXicovos eyevero, cos 
 viroppv^Ccov dirdvrcov KarahehvKorcov /xoyes ev n 
 Ktftconov irepcacoOrjvat irpocroKeTXav rco AvKcopel 
 ^(oirvpov re rod dvOpcoirlvov airep/xaros hiacpvXdrrov 
 
 4 els eiriyovrjv KaKias fiel^ovos- roiydproi aKokovOa 25 
 rrjs paOvfjuias rdiriyeipa KO/jLity irap avrcbv, ovre 
 Ovovros en croi nvos ovre arecpavovvros, el fir) rt? 
 dpa irdpepyov 'OXv/jLttlcov, Kal ovros ov irdvv 
 dvayKala iroielv hoKcov, d\X els eOos n dpyalov 
 crvvreXcov Kal fier 6\iyov Kpovov ere, a> Oecov 30 
 
34 AOTKIANOT [4 
 
 yevvaiorare, diro^avovai Trapcoad/jievoi rrjs rifir}?. 
 ea> Xe'yeiv, nroadiCLs 7]Br} aou top vebav o~eo~vXr)Kaaiv 
 ol he rives Kal clvtcd ctol t<z? yelpas ^OXvfXTrlaaiv 
 e7rt^e(3Xr)Kacri, Kal av 6 v-yjn^peLierrjs (o/cvrjaa? rj 
 5 dvacrrrjo-ac roi)<; Kvvas rj tovs yeirovas iiracaXe- 
 aaaOai, co? ftoTjSpofiijcravTes avrovs avXXdftoiev en 
 av(TK€va%o/jt,evov<; 7rpb$ ttjv (f>vyrjv aX)C 6 yevvatos 
 Kal TiyavroXercop Kal TiravoKpdrcop eKadrjao tov<? 
 ttXok&ijlovs TrepLKeipofxevos viz avrwv, heKairrj-^vv 
 
 10 Kepavvbv eycov ev rfj he^ta. ravra roivvv, to 
 Oavfxdaie, irr^viKa ivavaeTat oi/rco? d\xeXoas irapo- 
 pcoLieva ; rj irore KoXdaets ttjv roo-avrrjv dhiKiav ; 
 irocroi <&ae6ovres rj AevKaXlazves CKavol 7r/?o? ovtcds 
 virepavrXov vfipiv rod (3lov ; Itva yap ra Koivd 5 
 
 is edcras rd/xd ecTrco, togovtovs 'AOrjvalcov eh in|ro<? 
 apas Kal jrXovcrlovs eK ireveo-rdrcDV diro$r)va<$ Kal 
 irdai roh heofievois eiriKovprjcras, /xaXXov Be dOpoov 
 eh evepyealav rcov (j)tXcov e'/c^ea? rov ttXovtov, 
 eTreohrj wevrjs hid ravra iyevoLirjv, ovKeri ovhe 
 
 20 yvcopl^ofxac vrpb<; avrcov ovhe irpoarfiXeTrovcriv ol 
 reeds viroirrrjaaovTe^ Kal irpoaKwovvTes KaK rov 
 e/nov vevLiaros dirif)pTriiievoi, dXX' r)v irov Kal 6ha> 
 ftahl^cov €VTV)£Cl> tivI avra>v, coairep rtvd arr)Xr)v 
 iraXaiov veKpov virriav vtto tov ypovov dvarerpa/jL- 
 
 25 fjuevTjv Trapep-^ovrai firjhe dvayvovres, ol he Kal 
 iroppwOev Ihovres erepav eKTpeirovrat hvcrdvT7)Tov 
 Kal diroTpoiraLov Oeapua o-^reaOai vTroXafjufidvovres 
 rbv ov irpb ttoXXov acorijpa Kal evepyerrjv avrcov 
 yeyevr]/ji€uov. cocrre vtto to)V KaK&v eirl ravrrjv 6 
 
 30 ttjv eo-yaridv rpairofievos evayjrd/jLevo? hi(f)depav 
 
-S-] TIM.QX. 35 
 
 €pya£ofj.ac tiiv yrjv vTrofiLcrOo^ ofioXwv rerrdpcov, 
 rfj eprjixia Kal rfj BiKeWri TrpoacfriXoaocpcov. ivravOa 
 tovto yovv fioi Bokcd KepBavelv, fxtiKeTC o^reaQai 
 ttoWov? irapa rrjv d^lav ev tt pan ovr a? ■ dvia- 
 porepov yap tovto ye. i']trj iroTe ovv, aj Kpovov Kal 5 
 'Pea? vie, tov (Sa&vv tovtov vttvov diroaetadpLevo? 
 Kal vrjBv/iov — vrrep tov 'ETTifievtBrjv yap KeKOi- 
 firjaac — Kal dvappiTricra? tov Kepavvbv 1) eK Try; 
 AItvt\<$ ivavcrdfievos ueyakrjv iroLi^aa? ti)v <f>\6ya 
 iiriBei^ai Tiva yo\^v dvBpcoBov? Kal veaviKov Albs, 10 
 el p,7j dXrfdrj eaTi tcl vtto KprjTOJV Trepl crov Kal r?}>> 
 eKel Ta(b?js fivOo\oyov/j.eva. 
 
 7 ZET2. TV? ovto? eaTiv, a) 'Epfirj, 6 KeKpayoos 
 eK T7]$ 'Attlk^ Trapd tov 'TfiriTTOv ev tt) vircopeia 
 TTLvapbs o\o$ Kal av^fiocv Kal vTroBi(f)depo$ ; GKaiTTet 15 
 Be ol/iac eTTiKeKV$>(i)<;' Xa\o? dvOpoaros Ka\ Opacrv<;. 
 
 7) ttov <f>i\6o~ocf>o$ ecrTiv. ov yap dv ovtgos acre/Sew 
 tov? \070u? Biejrjjei KaO" 7]/j,cov. 
 
 EPM. Tl (/>;??, w TruTep ; dyvoeh Tt/icova tov 
 ^E-^eKpaTtBov tov KoWvTea ; ovtos icrTiv 6 ttoWu- 20 
 Kis rata? Ka& lepwv TeXetcov ecrTidaa^, veGTrXov-ro^, 
 o t«9 6\a^ e/caro/x/3a?, Trap' (b Xa/j-Trpco^ eopTa^etv 
 elcoOa/jLev tcl Aidcria. 
 
 ZETX. $tv rife a\\ayrj$ m /caXo? iKelvos, 6 
 irXovato^^ Trepl bv ot toctovtol (f>t\oi ; tl iradoov 25 
 toiovtoi ecrTiv ; ai/)(fn]p6^, cid\io? Ka\ o-KaTravev<; 
 Kal fiiadcoTos, co? eoiKev, ovtco fiapeiav KaTacpepcov 
 T7)v BiKeWav. 
 
 8 EPM. OvtcootI fiev elirelv, ^prjaTOTii^ eTreTpiyjrev 
 avTov Kal (f>i\av6pcDTTLa Kal 7rpo?. tov$ Beo/ievov<; 30 
 
36 AOTKJANOT [8 
 
 diravra^ oIktos, &>? Se d\7)6e2 Xoyop, avoid Kal 
 evijOeia Kal afcpurla nrepl rcov (frlXcov, o? ov avvieL 
 fcopa^t Kal Xvkois yapt^6/nevo<; y dXX' vtto yviroiv 
 rocrovrcov 6 KaKoBal/jbcov Keipofievos rb rJ7rap <f)iXovs 
 s elvai avrous Kal eratpov^ ayero, vir evvoias tt}? 
 rrpos avrov yaipovra^ rfj (Bopa • ol Se rd bard 
 yv/ivooaavre^ aKpiftcos Kal rrepurpayovres, el 8e rc<; 
 Kal fiveXbs evrjv, eK/jLv^rjaavres Kal rovrov ev 
 fiaka e7rt/xeX.ft)9, ooyovro avov avrov Kal t«? pi^as 
 
 io V7TOT6T JJL7) fJLeVOV aiToXllTOVTeS, OvSe yVOdpl^OVrCS 6TC 
 
 ov&e TTpoo-ftXeirovTes — iroQev yap ; — r) ernKOV- 
 povvres rj eirththbvre<; ev roo fiepei. hid ravra 
 8lk€Wlt7)s Kal Sicfrdeplas, to? bpas, diroXtirdiv vir 
 alo"xvvr)$ to darv pbio-Oov yecopyel /jbeXayyoXoov 
 
 15 toZ? KaKols, otl ol nrXovrovvre^ irap avrov fidXa 
 VTrepoTTTLKO)*; rrapepyovrai ovBe rovvofia, el TcjuLcdv 
 KaXolro, elSores. 
 
 ZET%. Kal \Jbr)v ov irapoTTTeos avr\p ovBe 
 d/JbeXr)reo^' elKoroos yap yyavaKrei Bvo-rvycov • eirel 
 
 20 Kal o/uboia Troir}o-oyuev rols Karapdroi^ KoXafyv €K€L- 
 vois e7riX€\r)o-/jL6voi avSpbs roaavra fMrjpia ravpcov 
 re Kal alycov rnorara Kavaavro^ rj/jblv eVt rwv 
 /3co/jL(x)v ere yovv ev rat? ptcrl rrjv Kvlaav avrcov 
 e%a>. irXrjV vir dcr%oXla<; re Kal 6opvj3ov rroXXov 
 
 25 rcov eircopKovvroov Kal ftia^o/xevcov Kal dpira^ovrcov, 
 ert Se Kal <f)6f3ov rov rrapd rcov lepoavXovvrcov — 
 rroXXol yap ovroi Kal 8va(f)vXa/croi Kal ovB eV 
 bXiyov Karajivo-ai r\plv efyidcn — iroXvv 77877 y^povov 
 ovSe dire/BXe-^ra e? rr)v 'ArriKyv, Kal jxdXiara ef 
 
 30 ov (f>i\oao<f>la Kal Xoycov eptSes eirerroXaaav avrol^' 
 
-ii] TIMQN. 37 
 
 fia^ofievcov yap 7rpo<? d\\rj\ov$ teal KeKpayoTcov 
 ovSe eiraKovetv ecrrc rcov evy&v ware rj i7rt/3vad- 
 fievov yprj rd <hra KaOrjaOai rj e7TtTpi(3rjvai irpbs 
 avroiv, dpeTTjV Tiva /cat dacofiara koI Xi'ipovs /xeydXrj 
 rfj (f)covf) ^vvecpovTcov. Sod ravrd too teal tovtov s 
 dfJbeXrjOrjvai £vve/3<rj nrpbs rj/jicbv ou (f)avXov ovra. 
 
 10 oficos Be tov UXoutov, a) 'EpfjiYj, nrapaXaftwv dlTldl 
 irap avrbv /card rdyo^' dyerco Be o IIXoutos Kal 
 tov ©rjcraupbv fieO' aurov Kal fxeveroiaav dficfrco irapd 
 tco Ti/jlcdvc firjSe diraXXarreaOoicrav ourco paStas, 10 
 kclv oti fidXccrra uirb xprjcrTOTrjTOs au6i<$ €k8c(ok7j 
 avrovs rrjs ol/cias. nrepl Be tojv koXukcov i/ceivoov 
 /cal ttjs dyapLGTias, t)v eireBei^avTO irpbs avrov, 
 Kal avOcs fiev a/ceyjfOfiaL ical Blktjv Bcocroucriv, eirethdv 
 rbv /cepavvbv eirtaKeudao} • KaTeayfxevao yap auTou 15 
 Kal direaTOfKafievat elal Buo d/cTu>e<; at fxeyio-Tai, 
 
 OTTOTe fyiXoTlfJLOTepOV TjKOVTLO-a 7T pOiTjV eirl TOV CTO(f)l- 
 
 (tttjv 'Ava^ayopav, o? eireiOe tous opuXriTds fir)Be 
 o\&>? elvac Ttvas i)fJid<; tovs Oeous. aXX' i/ceivov [xev 
 Sirj/xapTOV, — vTrepeo-)(€ yap auTou tt)v X 6 ~ L P a ^epc- 20 
 /cXr)<; — Be tcepavvb? e? to 'Ava/celov irapaa /o/'-v^a? 
 i/celvo T€ /caTe(f)Xet;e /cal auTos bXiyov Belv auveTpi(3r) 
 irepl ttj ireTpa. ttXtjv l/cavr) ev toctoutw /cal avTrj 
 Tificopia eo-Tai auToU, el uirepirXouTouvTa tov 
 
 TlfJLWVa opcbaLV. 25 
 
 11 EPM. Olov tjv to fjbeya Ke/cpayevat Kal b^Xrjpbv 
 elvai Kal Opaavv. ou tois BiKaioXoyoucn /jlovols, 
 dXXa koI rot? evyofievoi^ tovto xprfcri/jLOv • IBou ye 
 Tot avTiKa fidXa irXovaios eK ireveaTaTov KaTa- 
 CTijareTac 6 Tijiwv {3or]aa<; Kal irapprjataadfievo^ ev 30 
 
3^ AOTKIANOT L« 
 
 T V ev XV Kai iirLaTpiyfras tov Ala' el Be o-cwrrrj 
 ecTKairrev iiriKeKvcfxos, ere av eaKairrev dpeXov- 
 
 [JL6V0S. 
 
 UAOTT, ^AXX! eyco ouK av direkQoipi, w Zev, 
 
 5 Trap avrov. 
 
 ZET%. Aid tI, c5 dptare UXovre, /cat Tavra 
 ifiov KeXevcravros ; 
 
 nAOTT. "On vv Ala v/3pi£ev ek e/ie koI 12 
 e^ecf>6pet Kal 6? iroXXa Karepbipi^e /cal ravra 
 
 io irarpcoov avrco cplXov ovra, Kal povovovyl hiKpdvoi? 
 e^ecodeo pue tt}? o Ik las KaQdirep ol to irvp €K tcov 
 yeipcov airoppiiTTOVVTes. av0t<; ovv direXOco irapa- 
 cltois Kal KoXa^v Kal eraipai? 7rapaSodr)aopevo<; ; 
 eir eKelvovs, co Zev, irepbire p.e tov? alaOrfcropbevov? 
 
 15 777? Scoped';, rov? 7repLeyjrovra<;, oh rlpLto? eyco Kal 
 7repc7r6dr)To<; • ovtol he ol Xdpoc rfj irevla %vve- 
 o-Tcocrav, t)v irpOTipcocrLV rjpcov, Kal StcpOepav Trap 
 avrrj? Xafiovre? Kal SiKeXXav dyairdrcoaav dOXioi 
 rerrapa? ofioXovs dirocpepovre? ol SeKaraXdvrov? 
 
 20 Scoped? dpeX^rl irpolepbevot. 
 
 ZET2. OvSev en, rocovrov 6 Tipbcov epydo-erat 13 
 Trepl cri' irdvv yap avrov rj SiKeXXa ireiraihayco- 
 yr]Kev s el pr) iravTairacriv dvdXyrjro? ecrri rrjv dacfivv, 
 co? XPV V °"£ dvrl rrj? irevla? irpoaipelaOai. av 
 
 25 pevroi, irdvv pepyfrlpocpo? elval pot SoKel?, o? vvv 
 puev rbv Tlpcova alrta, Slotl aoi rd? 6vpa? dvaire- 
 rdaa? rjcpLei nrepivoarelv iXevOepco? ovre diroKXeicov 
 ovre ^rjXorvTTcov dXXore Se rovvavnov rjyavaKrei? 
 Kara rcov irXovalcov KaraKeKXelaOai Xeycov irpo? 
 
 30 avrcov viro pLO^Xoi? Kal KXeual Kal arjpeccov em- 
 
-i5] TIM&N. 39 
 
 fioXals, &)? firjBe irapa/cvtyal ctoi e? to <£w? Bvvarbv 
 elvat. TCLvra yovv dircoBvpov 7rpo? fxe diroirviyeaOai 
 Xeycov ev iroXXco rco a/corco • /ecu Bid tovto compos 
 rjfilv e<f>aivov /ecu cppovrtBos avdirXecos, o-vvecnraictos 
 
 TOV$ 8cLKTv\OV<; 7T/DO? TO '€0O<; TLCV XoyiCTfJiCOV KCU 5 
 
 diroBpdcreo-Oai direiXcov, el /ccupov Xdftoio, irap 
 avrcov /cal oXcos to irpdy/xa virepBetvov eBo/cet crot, 
 ev %aX/cto rj acBrjpco rco OaXd/xcp /caOdirep rr)v 
 Aavdrjv irapOeveveaOai vir d/cpifieo-L /cal ira^iTO- 
 vr)poi<$ iraiBaytoyols dvarpecpo/xevov, rco To/cco /ecu 10 
 
 14 rco Aoyicrfico. aroira yovv irotelv ecfraa/ces avrov? 
 ipwvras /jL€v et? v7rep{3oXrjv, e%bv Be diroXaveiv ov 
 ToXficovras, obBe eir dBeias xpeo/xevovs rco epcorc 
 /cvpeovs ye ovtcls, dXXa cpvXdrrecv eyprjyoporaSj e? 
 to ar/fjielov /ecu rov /jlo^Xov daKapBafivKrl fiXe- 15 
 irovras, i/cavrjv diroXavaiv olofievovs ov to avrovs 
 diroXaveiv eyeiv, dXXa to fir/Bevl fieraBiBovai t?}? 
 diroXavaeco^, KaOdirep rrjv ev rfj cpdrvrj icvva /jl^tc 
 avrrjv eaOiovaav rcov icpiQtov fMtjre rco lttttco ireivtovri 
 eiriTpeirovcrav. Kal irpoaert ye /cal /careyeXas avrcov 20 
 fyeiBofievcov /ecu c^vXarrovrcov zeal to kcuvotcltov 
 avrovs ^7]Xotv7tovvtcl)v, dyvoovvrcov Be cos /cardparos 
 ol/eeT7)s rj oi/cov6/jlo$ TrcuBorpity vireicncov Xa6paico$ 
 efjarapoLvqcret rov /ca/coBaifiova /cal dvepaarov Be- 
 
 CTTrOTTJV 7T/30? UfXavpOV Ti Kal fJU/CpOCTTOfjLOV Xv^viBiov 25 
 
 Kal Bt^aXeov OpvaXXiBiov eiraypvirvelv edcras rots 
 To/cot?. ttcos ovv ov/c ciBc/ca ravra, irdXat fiev 
 etcelva alriaaOai, vvv Be rco Tlficovi rd evavrla 
 ein/caXelv ; 
 
 15 IIAOTT. Kal /jurjv el ye TaXrjdes etjerd^ots, 30 
 
40 AOTKIANOT [15 
 
 afjL(j>co croc evXoya Bo^co iroielv rod re yap Tlficovos 
 to iravv tovto dvei\xevov Kal apeXes ovk evvoiKOV 
 ft)? irpbs ifie eltcoTws av Bokolt] • tovs tg av 
 Kard/cXeiarov Qvpai<$ Kal ev <jkot<£> (fcvXaTTOVTaSs 
 5 oVco? clvtoZs ira^vTepo? yevotfirjv Kal TTLfJueXr)*; Kal 
 virepoy/cos iTTi/JLeXovfAevovs, ovre irpoaaiTTOfxevov^ 
 avTovs ovre e? to <£c5? irpodyovTas, &)? fjurjBe 6(f)0elr)v 
 7TjOO? tivos, avoijrovs evo/M^ov elvai Kal v(BpLo~Ta<;, 
 ovBev dBcKovvTa fie virb togovtols BeGfiols fcara- 
 
 10 (rrjirovTCLs, ovk elSoras ft)? /xera pbiicpbv airiaaiv 
 aXX(p tlvI tmv evBat/juovcov fie KaTaXarovTe^. ovt 16 
 ovv e/cetVou? ovre rovs irdvv irpo^eipov? et? ifie 
 tovtov? eiraiva), aXXa rou?, oirep apiGTOv eari, 
 fierpov iirtOrjaovra^ rS irpdyfJuaTi teal fJurjTe d<pe^o- 
 
 is fievov? to irapdirav fjurjre irporjaofjuevovs to oXov. 
 GKoirei yap, w Zev, 7T/30? tov Aiqs, el tl<s vofMp 
 ytf/jLas yvvaiKa vkav Kal /caXrjv eireiTa fi^re <f>vXdr- 
 tol jjbtjre fyXoTVirol to irapdirav, d<j)LeU /cat ftaBi^eiV 
 evda av eOeXoc vvKTcop /cal /-te#' r/fiepav Kal ^vvelvat 
 
 so tols fiovXojjLsvoLS, fxaXXov Be avTOs dirdyoi y^oiyev- 
 6r)o~o/JL6vr)v dvolycov Ta? Ovpas /cal fiacrrpoirevoov KaX 
 irdvras eir avrrjv /caXcov, apa 6 t'oiovto? epav 
 Bo^etev av ; ov av ye, w Zev, tovto <f)air}<; ay 
 epaaOel? iroXXd/cis. el Be Tt? efjaraXtv eXevOepav 17 
 
 25 yvvat/ca eh Trjv Ik lav vo/iw irapaXaftoov eir dpoT(p 
 iralBcov yvrjaicov 6 Be fJurjTe ai/ro? irpoadirToiTO 
 aK[JLaia<$ Kal KaXrjs irapOevov firjTe aXXw irpoaftXe- 
 ireiv eiriTpkiroi, ayovov Be Kal crTelpav KaTaKXetaa? 
 irapOevevoi, Kal Tama epav (pdaKcov Kal Br)Xo<z cbv 
 
 30 dirb tt)? %poa? Kal t?5? o~apKo<; eKTeTrjKvias Kal 
 
-i9] TIM&N. 41 
 
 T(av 6cf>0dXfia)V v7roBeBuKOTCOv, eo~6' ottcds 6 tocovtos 
 ov irapairaieiv Bo^ecev av, Beov iraiBoirotelcrQaL Kal 
 airokaveiv rod ydfiov, Kara/xapalvcov evTrpcawTrov 
 ovrco kol eirepaaTov Koprjv KaOdirep lepetav rfj 
 @ecrfio(f)6p(p rpe(fxov Bca iravrbs tov /3iou ; ravra 5 
 teal aurbs ayavafCTO) irpbs evicov fiev aTZ/xoK Xafcrc- 
 £6fievos teal \a$>vcra6}jLevo<; Kal e^avrXovfievo^, vir 
 ivioov Be (oairep GTiyjiaTLas BpaireTTjs ire7reBr]' 
 
 18 ZET%. Tl ovv ayavafcreis kclt clvtojv ; BiBoacc 10 
 yap a/jLcfcco KaXrjv tijv Blkijv, ol fiev toenrep o 
 TdvraXos clttotol koI ayevaroi Kal fyipol to aTOfia, 
 iirLKeyrjvoTe^ fxovov toG ypvaiw, ol Be KaOdirep 
 <f>Lvei)<s airb Trjs (f)dpvyyo$ ttjv rpocpyv virb rwv 
 
 ' ApirvLonv d(fiaipov/x€VOi. a\V airiOt ijBrj aoo(f)po- 15 
 veo-repo) irapd 7ro\v tc3 Tificovc evTev^bfJLevos* 
 
 IIAOTT. 'jE/ceiz^o? ydp irore iravcrerai coairep 
 i/c tco(f)ivov rerpviry/jLevov, irpXv o\o>? elo-pvfjval fie, 
 Kara cnrovByv itjavrXcov, (pOdaac /3ov\6{ievo<; tt]V 
 imppo-qv, fj,r) virepavrXo? eo-Treacov eirackvcrco avrov ; 20 
 ware e? rov rcov AavatBwv it'iQov vBpo<popi)Getv p.oi 
 Bokcj Kal /idrrjv eiravr\rjaeiv, tov kvtovs firj 
 creyovros, uXkd irplv elcrpvfjvai, ayeBov eKyvOrjao- 
 fjuevov tov eiTLppeovro^' ovtcds evpvrepov to irpbs 
 t^v etcyycriv Keyyvbs rov iriQov Kal aKGj\vTO<z rj 25 
 e^oBos. 
 
 19 ZET2. Oukovv rjv fiJ] ep,<j)pdj;7]Tai to Keyrjvb^ 
 tovto Kal e? to curat; dvaireiTTa^evov, eKyyOevTOS 
 iv {3 payee gov pqBlws evptjerec ttjv Bi$6epav avOos 
 Kal ttjv BUeXXav ev Ty Tpvyl tov ttlOov. aU' 30 
 
42 AOTKIANOT [19 
 
 airiTe rjBr) Kal irXovTi^eTe avTQV av Be /jLefivrjao, 
 co ( Epfir), eiraviwv irpos r)/ia<; ayeiv tovs KvkXcdttcls 
 Ik r% AItvt)^, O7rco? tov Kepavvov dicov^aavTe^ 
 errLGKevaawGLV ' co? 77877 ye TeOi^y/ievov avrov Berjao- 
 5 fJLeOa. 
 
 EPM. Upo'Loo/iev, 00 TlXovre. tl tovto ; viro- 20 
 cr/cafet? ; eXeXrjOeLS fie, co yevvdBa, ov TV<pXb<; jjlovov, 
 dXXa real ^co\o? cov. 
 
 TIAOTT. Ovk del tovto, co 'Eppbr), d\V oirorav 
 
 10 fiev dirico irapd riva irefi^Oeh biro tov A 16s, ovk oW 
 ottcos fipaBvs elfio Kal ^coXo? dfJL<$>oTepois, co? /jloXi? 
 reXelv eirl to Tep/xa, TrpoyrjpdaavTos ivioTe tov 
 Trepip,evovTO^, ottotclv Be diraXXaTTeaOat Bey, ttt7]vov 
 o^ec, ttoXv toov ovelpoov coKVTepov afxa yovv eirecrev 
 
 is 7) vcnrXrjy^, Kayoo rjBr) dvcucr) pvTTO/xai vevtKTjKoos, 
 V7repTT7]S7]aa<; to crTaBcov ovBe IBovtcov ivioTe toov 
 
 OeCLTCOV. 
 
 EPM. Ovk dXrjOrj TavTa <j>r)<; ■ eydo ye tov 
 ttoXXovs av elirelv eyoipui aoi %#e? fiev ovBe 6(BoXov, 
 20 coaTe iTpiao-Qai /3p6%ov, eV^/coTct?, acfrvoo Be Tr)p,e- 
 pov TrXovaiovs Kal 7roXvTeXel<; eirl Xev/cov ^evyovs 
 e^eXavvovTas, oh ovBe KavOrjXios virrjp^e irooiroTe. 
 Kal co/xoi;? iropfyvpol /cat y^pvcroyeipes irepiepyovTai 
 ovB> aifTol TTiaTevovTes, oifiai, otl fir) ovap irXov- 
 
 25 TOVCTLV. 
 
 IIAOTT. 'ETepolov tovt Icttiv, 60 'Epfirj, /cal 21 
 
 ov)(l toIs epbavToi) iroal (BaBt^oo totc, ovBe 6 Zevs, 
 
 dXX' 6 UXovtcdv diroo-TeXXei fie irap avTOvs ctTe 
 
 TrXovToBoTij? teal fieyaX6Boopo<; Kal o.l»to? cov BrjXol 
 
 30 yovv Kal too ovo/iaTi. eTreiBdv toLvvv fieTOiKicr0r)vai 
 
-2 3 =] TIM.QN. 43 
 
 Bey fie irap erepov 7rpo? erepov, e? heXTOv ifi(3a- 
 XovTes fie kcli KaTa<T7]fjL7]vdfA€voL eirifieXcos fyoprjhov 
 apdfievoi fieTaKOfil^ovo-i • kcli 6 fiev ve/cpb$ iv 
 (TKoretvco 7rov ttjs olklcls irpoKeiTCLL inrep tcl yovara 
 iraXaia rw odovrj aKenrofievo^, TrepifidyriTos rats 5 
 yaXais, ifie he ol iireXirlaavTe^ iv rfj dyopa, 
 7T€pi/jL6vov(7i K€%t)v6t€<; oiairep tt)v ^eXihova irpoa- 
 
 22 Trero/jLevrjv rerpiyoTes ol veoTTOt. iireihdv he to 
 arjfieiov d(f)cupe6f} kcli to Xlvov ivTfir)6fj kcli t) heXTO<; 
 avoiyQr) kcli dvcucr\pvyQr} fiov /caivbs hecnr6T7]<; 10 
 r]TOi o-vyyevrjs Tt? rj KoXa^ rj KaTairvywv olrceTT]? 
 
 €K TTCllhlKCOV TljJLLOS, V7T€^Vp7]fieV0<; eTL TTjV yvdOoV, 
 
 clvtI ttolklXwv kcli TravTohaiTWv rjhovcov, a? 77877 
 €^copo<; wv V7T7]peT7]o-ev avTu>, fieya to fiLadw/ia 6 
 yevvaios diroXaftoov, eicelvos fiev, octtis av 77 ttotc, 15 
 apTraad/jLevos fie avTj} heXTCp 6el <f>epcov uvtI tov 
 Tea)? Hvpplov 7) ApofjLWvos rj TifSiov MeyafcXr)*; 
 rj Meyd/3u£o<; rj UpaoTap-^o^ fieTOvofiaaOeis, tov<$ 
 fiaTrjv Keyr\voTas eKeivov^ et? dXXijXovs diro^Xe- 
 ttovtcls KCLTaXnrcbv dXr)0e<; ayovTas to irevOos, olos 20 
 civtovs 6 Ovvvos etc fivyov tt}? o-ayr)vr)<; hie(f)vyev 
 
 23 ov/c oXiyov to heXeap kcltclttloov. 6 he epTrecrcov 
 aOpocos et? ifie direipofcaXos kcli Tra^yhepfio^ avdpw- 
 7T0?, eTi tt)v irehrjv irecfrpifccos kcu el nrapiwv aXKws 
 IxacrTL^eie Tt? opObv i(f>io~Tas to ofo kcli tov fivXcova 25 
 wenrep to dvd/CTopov irpoarKvvwv, ovkctl (f>opr)TO<$ 
 eo-Ti tols evTvy ydvova iv, dXXd tou? t€ iXevOepovs 
 v/3pl£ei teal rou? ofiohovXov? /lacTTtyol diroTreipoo- 
 fievo<; el teal clvtco tcl toiclvtcl etjeaTiv, &XP 1 av V 
 e«? TTopvihiov tc efiirecrcov rj i7nroTpo(f)ia<; eirt6v/jLr]aa<; 30 
 
44 AOTKIANOT [23 
 
 rj KoXa^i 7rapahov<; eavrbv o/jlvvovctiv, r) firjv ev/jiop- 
 cf>orepov fjuev iVtpeco? elvac avrbv, evyevecrrepov Se rov 
 KitcpoTros 7) KoSpov, crvvercorepov Be rov ' OSvcro-ecDS, 
 ifkovcricorepov Se avvd/jua Kpolcrcov e/cfcaiSe/ca, iv 
 5 aKapel rov y^pbvov clOXlo? eK^ey rd kot okiyov iic 
 rroXXcov emopKitov Kal dpiraycov Kal iravovpyitov 
 avveiXeyfieva. 
 
 EPM. Avrd rrov a^ehbv t/)?)? ra yivbp,eva' 24 
 brrbrav 8' ovv avrbirovs fta&i^ys, 7rco? ovrco rv(j>Xbs 
 10 cov evplatceis rr)v bhbv ; rj 7rw? Siayivuxr/ceLs ecj> 01)5 
 av ere 6 Zev<$ dirocrreiXr] KpLvas elvai rov rrXovrelv 
 allows ; 
 
 UAOTT. Olei yap evpicrKeiv fie oTrives elcn ; 
 fid rov Ala ov rrdvv ov yap av ^Apicrrelhrjv Kara- 
 is Xlttcov 'IiriroviKco Kal KaXXla Trpoayeiv teal 7roXXol<; 
 aXXocs ' 'A9r)valcov ovBe b/3oXov allots. 
 
 EPM. IlXrjv dXXa rl rrpdrret^ Karate fi<f>0 els ; 
 
 IIAOTT. "Avco Kal Karco irXavcofiai rrepivocrrcov, 
 
 ayjpi av XdOco tlvI e\irrecrcov' 6 t)e, Bern? av irpcorb? 
 
 20 /lot irepiTv^r], dirayaycov [irap 1 avrbv] e^et, ere 
 
 tov 'Epjjirjv errl rco rrapaXbyco rov KepSovs Trpocr- 
 
 KVVCOV. 
 
 EPM. Ovkovv e^7j7raT7]Tac 6 Zevs olbfievbs ae 25 
 Kara to avrco Sokovv irXovrl^etv ocrou? av oirjTai 
 25 rov ifkovrelv d^iovs ; 
 
 IIAOTT. Kal fidXa SiKaloos, coyaOe, 0? ye 
 
 rvcjtXbv ovra etSw? errefiirev dva^ryjo-ovra Svaev- 
 
 perov ovrco ^prjfia Kal nrpb ttoXXov e/cAe\ot7ro? €K 
 
 tov /3/ou, oirep ovK 6 AvyKev<; av e^evpot pa&Loos, 
 
 30 dfiavpbv ovrco Kal fiLKpbv ov. roiyapovv are rcov 
 
-2 7 .] TJM.QX. 45 
 
 fiev dyaOcov oXiycov ovtcdv, irovrjpcov he TrXeicrrcov 
 ev rat? iroXeai to irdv eireyovTwv, puov e? TOU? 
 tolovtovs ifiTTLTTTa) irepacov Kal aayrjvevo/iao 7rpb$ 
 avrcov. 
 
 EPM. Elra 7rc5?, eirethdv KaraXiiTrys avrovs, 5 
 pqhicos <f>evyet<; outc et'Sco? rr)v ohov ; 
 
 IIAOTT. 'O^vSep/crjs rore ttco? Kal dpriTrovs 
 yivoyuai 7rpo? fiovov top /caipbv t?}? <j>vyrj<;. 
 
 26 EPM. "Etc hrj /xoc Kal tovto airoKpivai, 7rw? 
 rv(f>Xb<; oav, elptja-erat yap, fcal rrpoaeri compos Kal 10 
 ftapvs etc rolv gkeKolv toctoutovs epao~rd<; ex et< *> 
 cocrre Truvra^ d7ro/3Xerreiv el? ere, Kal Tvyovras fiev 
 evhdLfiovelv oXecrQai, el he'dTTOTv^oiev, gvk dveyecrQai 
 ^wvtcls ; olha yovv rivas ovk 6\iyov$ avrcov ovrco 
 gov hvcrepcoras ovras, cocrre Kal e? fiadvKrjrea 15 
 rrbvrov cpepovres eppc^rav avrovs Kal rrerpcov kclt 
 rjXi(3dro)v vTrepopaadcu vojii^ovres iiirb aov, bnirep 
 ovhe ri]v dpyrjv ecopa? avrov^. irXi]v dXXa Kal 
 crv dv ev otS' ore 6fioXoyy]o~eia$, el n ^vvlrj^ 
 aavrov, KopvfiavTLav avrovs epcofievco rciovrcp Ittl- 20 
 /lefirjvoras. 
 
 27 IIAOTT. Ol'ec yap roiovrov, olo? elfii, bpdaOat 
 avjois, ^wXov rj rvcpXbv r) baa dXXa p.01 izpbcr- 
 ecTTiv ; 
 
 EPM. *AXXa 7tw?, co IlXovre, el fir] rvcfiXol Kal 25 
 avrol iravT€<s elcrlv ; 
 
 IIAOTT. Ou rucpXoi, co dptare, aXX* r) ayvoia 
 Kal )) airdrrf J al'rrep vvv Kareyovcri rd irdvra, 
 eiTLaKui^ovaiv avrovs ■ ere he Kal avros, co? 
 firj travrdiracTLv dfiopcfros eir\v, irpoacoirelov rt 30 
 
46 AOTKIANOT [27 
 
 ipaa/UGOTaTov nrepiOepbevos, BidyjpvtTov Kal XlOokoX- 
 Xtjtov, Kal irotKiXa evBus evTvyydvto avTol^' ol Be 
 avroTTpoawTTov olofievot bpdv to koXXos epcocrt Kal 
 diroXXvvTat jjlt) TvyydvovTes. &)? et ye Tt? avTols 
 5 oXov diroyvjjLVooo-as erreSeL^e fie, BrjXov &)? /care- 
 yivcocrKov av avrcov d/jLpXvcoTTovTes ret, rrjXiKavra 
 Kal epcovres dvepdarcov Kal djuopcfycov irpayfiaTcov. 
 
 EPM. Tl ovv OTt Kal ev avTco rjBr) tco irXovTelv 28 
 yevofievot Kal to Trpocrcoirelov avrol ireptOepLevot en 
 
 10 e^aTrarcovrai, Kal rjv rt? dcfxuprjrai avrovs, Ocittov 
 
 av tt)v Kecf>aXr)v rj to irpoacoirelov irpooiVTo ; ov 
 
 yap Brj /cal tot6 dyvoelv etVo? avTovs, o>? eTri^ptcrTO^ 
 
 r) €v/jLop<j>la ecrTLV, evBoOev' tcu irdvTa opcovTas. 
 
 IIAOTT. Ovk oXlya, to 'Ep/Jbrj, ical irpb<; tovto 
 
 is floe avvaycovl^eTat. 
 EPM. Td irola ; 
 
 IIAOTT. 'EireiBdv Tt? evTV^cbv to wptoTOV dva- 
 TTeTaaa^ Tr)v Ovpav eaBe^rjTal p,e, o-vybirapeicrepyeTat 
 fieT ifjuov XaOcov 6 Tvcpos koX r) avoia icaX r) fieya- 
 
 20 Xav^la Kal /maXa/cla /cal vfipts Kal diraTt] ical a\V 
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 25 avTcov, Kal irdvTa irpOTepov irdQot av rj epue. irpoecrOat 
 VTTopieiveiev av, 
 
 EPM. f /2? Xeto? el Kal oXtcrOrjpos, co TIXovTe, 29 
 Kal Suo-KaTo^o^ Kal htafyevKTLKos, ovBefMtav dvTiXa- 
 ftrjv irapeyoixevo^ /3e/3atav, aX\' coairep at ey^eXei^ 
 
 30 rj ol o(j>ei<} Bed tcov BaKTvXcov BpaireTevets ovk otS* 
 
-3i] TIM.QN. 47 
 
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 teal puvpla rd ayKtarpa eKTrefyvicoTa e'£ airavTOS rod 
 (rcofiaros eyovcra, &)? irXrja-idaavTas evOvs eyeo-Qai 
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 (f)Xvapovvra<; r)pa$ irpdyp^a r)hr) ov pLLKpbv SiiXaOe. s 
 
 nAOTT. To irolov ; 
 
 EPM. " Otl rbv @r)o-avpbv ovk €7rr)yay6fie0a, 
 ovirep ehei ixaXicna. 
 
 30 UAOTT. © dp pet rovrov ye eveicci' ev rfj yfj 
 avrbv del KaraXeiirwy dvepyopaL irpbs lipids iiri- xo 
 o-Kr]yjras evBov [xeveiv eiriKXeiadjxevov rr)v 6vpav y 
 dvoiyetv he pbrjhevl, r)v fxr) aKOvcrrj ejnov fiorj- 
 aavTos. 
 
 EPM. Ovkovv eiTL^alvw/Juev rjSrj tt}? 'Attlktjs* 
 Kal fjiot eirov eyopLevos rr)<; yXa/jLvSos, ciypL ^ v ^P ^ 'S 
 rrjv eo-yaTiav d(f)i/ca)fjiaL. 
 
 IIAOTT. Ev nroiels, co 'EppLr), yeLpaycoycov • 
 iirel rjv ye diroXiirrj^ pue, 'Tirep^oXw rdya r) KXewvL 
 ipLTTecrovpiac irepivocrTcov. dXXa t/? o ^6(pos ovto? 
 ecm KaQdirep atSrjpov irpbs XiOov ; 20 
 
 31 EPM. ( Tlpiwv ovroal aKuTrret irXr^alov opeivbv 
 Kal vttoXlOov yrjhtov. irairal, Kal r) Ilevla irdpecrri 
 Kal 6 IIovos eKelvos, r) Kaprepia re Kal r) Hocfria 
 Kal r) 'Av&pela Kal 6 tolovtos oyXos twv vito tS 
 AipiS rarTOpbivoov dirdvTwv, itoXv dfielvovs rcov awv 25 
 Bopvtyopwv. 
 
 IIAOTT. Tl ovv ovk diraXXaTTopeOa, a> e EppLrj, 
 tt)v rayLarrjv ; ov yap av tl rj/jbels Spdaaifiev 
 d^toXoyov 7rpo? dvSpa virb ttjXlkovtov arparoTreSov 
 7repieo-')(r}pLevov. »o 
 
48 JOTKIANOT [31 
 
 EPM. "AWws eBofje rQ> Ad' fir) dTToBeikicofxev 
 ovv. 
 
 TIEN. TIol rovrov dirdyei^-, co * Apyeifyovra, 32 
 %etpaya)yoov ; 
 5 EPM. 'Eirl rovrovl rov TlfMcova e7refji(j)6rjfjLev 
 
 VTTO T0V AlO^. 
 
 IIEN. Nvv 6 UXoOto? eirl Ttficova, oirbre avrbv 
 eyed Ka(cay$ eyovra inrb t% Tpvcfrr}? rrapaXaftovcra, 
 rovroial rrapaBovaa, rfj %o(j)ia ical tw TI6v(p, 
 10 yevvalov dvBpa ical iroWov a^tov direBec^a ; ovroos 
 dpa evfcaratypovrjTos iifuv i) Uevla Bo/ca) ical evaBl- 
 /crjTOS, &o~6^ b fiovov icrrjfxa elyov dcfraipeiadal fie, 
 afcpifia)*; 777)0? dperr)v e^eipyaafxevov, Xv avdes 6 
 UXovros irapaXaftoov avrbv "T ft pec ical Tvcjxp ijX 60 " 
 15 picas ofioiov ray rrdXat, fiaXOaicbv ical dyevvr) ical 
 dvorjTOV diro^rjva^ diroBcp rrdXtv ifiol pdicos ijBr) 
 yeyevrjfievov ; 
 
 EPM. "EBofje ravra, w Uevla, ray Ail. 
 TIEN. ' 'Aire pyo fiat' teal vfiels Be, a> Hove ical 33 
 20 2ocf)la fcal ol XolttoI, d/coXovdeire fioi. ovros Be 
 rdya elaerai, oiav fie ovaav diroXetyei, dyadrjv 
 (Tvvepybv ical BcBdcricaXov rcov dplcrrcov, rj avvcov 
 vyieivbs fiev rb aojfia, eppayfievos Be rrjv yvcofjLrjv 
 BiereXeaev, dvBpbs ftiov %wv ical 777309 avrbv diro- 
 25 (BXeirayv, rd Be nrepirrd ical 7roXXa ravra, coenrep 
 eariv, dXXorpca vtt oXa fi [3 dv ay v. 
 
 EPM. ' ' Airepyovrai' r)p,el<? Be rrpoalcofiev avray. 
 TIM. TiW? eare, 00 /cardparot ; rj rl (BovXbfievot 34 
 Bevpo rj/cere dvBpa epydrrjv ical ficadocf>6pov evo^Xrj- 
 30 aovres ; dXX! ov yalpovres air ere fiiapol iravres 
 
-36] TDIP.X. 49 
 
 ovres' eycb yap vpd$ avrUa pdXa fiaXXcov rat? 
 j3oo\ot<; real roh \l6ocs crvvrpi^rco. 
 
 EPM. MrjSa/ioJS, to Ti/JLWV, fir} fidX-p?' ov yap 
 avSpdiirovs 6Wa? fiaXeh, dXX iycb /lev 'Epfirjs el /it, 
 ourocrl he 6 IIXovtos' eirep^re he 6 Zev$ eiraKOvcraz; 5 
 toov evyojv. cocrre dyadf) rv^V $&X ov T0V °^Pov 
 
 aiTO(JTCLS TOiV TTOVWV. 
 
 TIM, Kal vfiels oi/jLco^eaOe tfhi] Kahoi deol ovres, 
 W9 (pare' irdvTas yap d/ia Kal dvOpcorrov? Kal 6eov$ 
 fxiaco, rovrovl he rov rv<pX6v, 6<jtl$ dp fj, Kal 10 
 eiTLTptyeLv fioc Bokq) rfi hiKeXkr). 
 
 IIAOTT. 'ATTico/iev, d> 'Ep/xf), 7rpo? rov Atos, 
 fieXayyoXap yap dpOpcoiros ov fierptco^ p.01 hoKel, 
 fx7] re KaKov direXOoi 7rpoaXa^cop. 
 
 35 EPM. Mrjhep (TKaiov, d> Tllicop, dWa to irdvv 15 
 tovto dypiov Kal Tpayy KaTaj3a\cov irporeiva^ rco 
 X € ^P e Xdpfiape ti)p dyadijv tv^iip Kal irXovret irdXip 
 Kal io~6c ' A07]vaicov ra Trpw~ra Kal vrrepopa twv 
 dyapiGTwv eKeivcov /10W? auTo? evhaipopccp. 
 
 TIM. Ovhep v/AGov heop.au • fir) eVo^Xeire llol. 20 
 iKavbs ifiol 7rXovro<; 7) hiKeXXa' rd 8' dWa evhac- 
 fjioveararo^ elpi, /irjSevos p,oc TrXrjcrtd^ovTOS. 
 
 EPM. Ovtcos, co rdv, diravQpdiTTws ; 
 rovhe 0epa> Ail pidov a~rjvea re Kparepov re ; 
 Kal pii)v eiKos i)v ptadvOpwirov fiev elvai ere roaavra 25 
 vtt avrwp heivd ireirovOora, pacroOeop he p.r)hap.a:$, 
 ot/rco? eirifjLeXovpevwv aov tccp Oeccv. 
 
 36 TIM. 'AXXd aol pep, co 'Eppij, Kal ru> Ad 
 rrXeiarj] x c ' l P li > t/)? eVz/xeXeta?, 'rovrovl he rov 
 IlXovrov ovk dp Xdf3oipi. 30 
 
50 AOTKIANOT [36 
 
 EPM. Tl 8v ; 
 
 TIM. " Otl teal irakai fivpteov fioo kcucwv clltlos 
 ovto? Kareorrr) teoXa^c re TrapaBovs teal eiriftovXow; 
 etrayayebv teal /xtcro? iireyeipas teal rjBviraOela Bia- 
 
 5 (j)0elpa<z teal €7rl<pdovov enrofyrjvas, reXo? Be d<pvco 
 fcaTaXiircbv oi/t&>? airiGTWS teal 7rpoBoTcteco<; • r/ 
 ^eXrta-rr) Be Uevia ttovol^ p,e tols avhpuewTarois 
 tearayv/jLvdcracra teal p,€T dXrjOeias teal TTappr)aia<$ 
 irpocrofjLiXovcra to re dvayteala tedp,vovTi irapelye 
 
 10 teal rcov ttoXXcov eteetveov teara<ppovelv eiralBevev i£ 
 avrov ifjbov Ta? eXiriBa^ diraprrjaaad /jlol tov (Biov 
 teal Bel^acra octtls rjv o ttXovtos e'yito?, ov ovre 
 teoXa£ 0co7T€V(ov ovre o-vteo(f>dvT7}s (f)o/3o3v ) ov Btj/jlos 
 wapo%vv6el<;, ov/e etetcXrjo-iacrTris yfrr)(f)0(f)op^aa<;, ov 
 
 15 rvpavvos €7ri/3ovXevo-a<; d(f)eXea0ai BvvatT civ. ep- 37 
 pcofievo? Toiyapovv iiiro rwv irovwv tov dypbv 
 rovrovl (f)iXo7r6v(os epya^ofievo?, ovBev opcov rcov 
 ev ao~T€L tcatewv, Iteava teal Bcap/erj eyw rd aX<f>cra 
 wapa tt)? SiteeXXrjs. ware iraXlvB polios, a> r Ep/nfj, 
 
 20 diridi rbv TIXovtov dirdyosv t& Ad' epuol Be tovto 
 Zteavov r)V, irdvTas dvOpwirov^ r)/3r)Bbv ol/jbeo^ecv 
 irotrjcrai. 
 
 EPM. Mr)Bafi6)<;, coyaOe' ov yap 7rdvT€$ elcrlv 
 €7riT7]Becoo 7rpo? olfjiwyrjv. dXX ea Ta opylXa 
 
 25 TavTa teal /jLetpareicoBr) teal tov H\ovtov irapd- 
 Xafie. ovtoi dir6{$Xi(}Td Ictti Ta Bcopa Ta irapd 
 tov Aios. 
 
 UAOTT. BovXei, co Tl/jlwv, BtteaioXoyrjo-co/jLai 
 7T/30? ere ; ^7 ^aXeiralvei^ /jlol XeyovTi ; 
 
 30 TIM. Aeye, fir) /juafepd fiivToi, firjBe jjueTa irpooi- 
 
-39 ] TIMQN. 5 1 
 
 filcov, coairep ol eir it ptirT oi, p/jTopes' dve^ofiai yap 
 ae oXlya XeyovTa Bid tov 'Ep^r/v tovtovL 
 38 IIAOTT. 'E%pr}v puev lacos Kal fia/cpa elirelv, 
 ovtco 7roXXd viro aov KaT7]yopr)6evTa' 6p,co<; Be opa 
 el rl ae, &)? </> t 79, rjSl/ajfca, o? tcov fiev rjBlaTcov s 
 dirdvTcov clltlos aoi KaTeaTrjv, Tt/jurj^ Kal irpoeBplas 
 Kal aTe<f)dvcov Kal rr)<; aWrjs rpv<p%, irepL/3Xe7rTo<; 
 re Kal dolBifios Bl e/jue rjaOa Kal irepiairovBaaio^' 
 el Be tl ^aXeirov €K tcov KoXaKcov ireirovOas, 
 avairios eyco aot • fxaXXov Be avTOS rjSiKrj/jLac rovrp 10 
 viro crov, Blotl fie ovtcos citi/jlcos vire/3aXes dvBpdai 
 KarapdroL<; eizaivovai Kal KarayoTjrevovaL Kal irdvra 
 Tpoirov eirLJBovXevoval jaol' Kal to ye TeXevTalov 
 e(f)r]o-0a, &>? irpoBeBcoKa ere, TovvavTiov S' av avTO? 
 eyKaXeaatpbi aoL irdvTa Tpoirov direXaOels viro aov 15 
 Kal eirl Kecf>aX^v egcoaOeU tt}? <u/a'a9* Toiyapovv 
 dvTL /jLoXaKrjs ^XavlBo<^ TavTrjv ttjv Bicpdepav r\ 
 TLfAMOTaTT) aot Tlevla TreptTeOetKev. coaTe fidpTvs 
 6 'Epfir]*; ovToal, ireos LKeievov tov Ala /xrjKed 1 
 r\Kuv irapa ae ovtco Bvapievcos jjlol irpoaevrj- 20 
 veyfievov. 
 39 EPM. 'AXXd vvv opas, co TJXovTe, olos JjBrj 
 yeyev7)Tai ; coaTe Oappcov ^vvhiaTpi(3e avTcp' Kal 
 av /nev aKairie &)? eyeis • av Be tov Srjaavpbv 
 virdyaye Trj BlkeXXtj* viraKovaeTai yap ep,(Sor)aavTL 25 
 aot. 
 
 TIM. UeiaTeov, co 'EppLrj, Kal av9ts irXovTrjTeov. 
 tl yap dv Kal irddoL rt?, oiroTe ol 6eol j3td^oivTO ; 
 irXrjv opa ye, et? old p,e irpdypiaTa efifiaXXeL? tov 
 KaKoBalfiova, 09 a>XP L v ^ v evBai/xoveaTaTa Bidycov 30 
 
52 AOTKIANOT [39 
 
 yjpvcrov a(f)vco toctovtov \r]yjro/jtat ovhev dhttajcras teal 
 ToaavTas (f)povTihas dvahe^o/jtat. 
 
 EPM. ( T7r6o-r V ec, co Tifuov, ht ifie, teal el 40 
 ^aXeirov tovto teal ovtc oIcttov eo~Ttv, bircos ol 
 5 tcoXatces e/cetvot hiappaycocrtv vtto tov (p06vov 
 iyco he V7rep ttjv AtTvrjv is tov ovpavbv dva- 
 
 7TT7]CrO[jbCU. 
 
 IIAOTT. c O fiev aire\r)\v6ev, cos ho/cel' Tetcfiat- 
 pOjjLdL yap rfj elpecrta tcov TZTepcov ■ av he avrov 
 
 10 irepl/jieve • dvaTre/xijrco yap aot tov Orjaavpov 
 airekOuiV fioXkov he irate. ae (j>7]/utt, Orjcravpe 
 Xpvaov, vTraKovcrov Tiptcovt tovtwC teal irapdcr^es 
 creavrhv dveXeaOat. aKairre, co Tl/jlcov, fiaQeias 
 tcaTa(pepcov. eyco he vpuv airoarrjao/JLaL. 
 
 15 TIM. "Aye hrj, co hltceXka, vvv jiot iirippcoaov 41 
 o-eavrrjv koI fir} tedfjtys etc. tov fidOovs tov ©rjaavpov 
 is Tov/Jtcpaves TrpotcaXovfievT). co Zev TepdaTte ko\ 
 <fil\ot Kopv/3avTes ical ( Ep/ii7] /cephepe, iroOev toctovtov 
 y^pvaiov ; rj ttov ovap TavTa ecrTt ; hehta yovv ptr) 
 
 20 avOpatcas evpco aveypo/ievos' dWa fjtrjv yjpvcrlov 
 io-Ttv eirtarifMOV, virepvOpov, f3apv teal tt)v wpoao-^rtv 
 vireprjhto-TOv. 
 
 & xp vcr *i de^ioofia koXXkttov ftpoTois" 
 aWo/jtevov yap irvp ctTe htairpeirets teal vvtcTCOp teal 
 
 25 fjteO' rj/xepav. iXOe, co <pt\.TaTe teal epaa/jttcoTaTe. 
 vvv ireiOofiai ye teal Ala iroTe yeveaOat ^pvaov ti? 
 yap ovtc av irapOevos dvaireTTTa/jtevots toIs koXttols 
 virehe^aTO ovtco tcaXbv epaaTrjv hta tov Teyovs 
 tcaTappeovTa ; co Mtha teal Kpotae teal to, iv 42 
 
 30 Ae\<f>ots dva6t]fiaTa cos ovhev ctpa rJTe cos 7rpbs 
 
-44] TIM&N. 53 
 
 Tifxcova Kal rbv Tlfiwvos rrXovrov, w ye ovBe 6 
 (3aatXev<^ 6 Tlepachv lcto<;. co BUeXXa Kal (fuXrarrj 
 BifyOepa, v/ias fiev ru> TIavl rovrw dvaOelvai KaXov 
 avrbs Be rjBr] rrdaav irpLafievo^ ttjv ecr^aridv, 
 nrvpyiov oiKoSo/jLTjcrd/uLevos virep rov Orjcravpov, fxovw s 
 ifioi Ifcavov evBiairdaQai, ro avrb Kal rdcpov 
 arroOavcov e^etv /jlol Bokco. BeB6^6co Be ravra Kal 
 vevofioOeT-ijada) 7rpo? rbv erriXoiirov fiiov, d/jn^la 
 Trpbs airavra? Kal dyvcoata Kal virepo-^rla ■ (plXo? Be 
 r) gevos r) eralpos rj 'EXeou /3a)fib<; v6Xo<? 7ro\vs' ™ 
 Kal to ol/creipcu BaKpvovra rj emKovpr)crai Beofievcp 
 irapavoyuia real KardXvcn^ rcov eOow fJLOvrjpri^ Be r\ 
 Blaira KaOdirep roi? Xvkols, Kal (fiiXos eh Tl/xcov. 
 
 43 ol Be aXXoc nrdvres e-%6pol Kal eirl(3ovXot' Kal to 
 Trpoao/jLtXyjcral nvi avrcov \xiaayia' Kal r)v riva iBco 15 
 fiovoV) d7ro<ppd<? 7] rjfjiepa ' Kal o\co? dvBptdvrwv 
 XlOlvwv r) ^aXKojp firjBev tjjjlIv Bta^epercoaav Kal 
 fArjre KrjpvKa Be^cofieOa Trap avrcov fiijre arrovBd^ 
 <T7revBoo/jLe6a • rj eprj/xla Be opos earco irpbs avrovs. 
 (frvXerai Be Kal (j>pdrope<; Kal BrjfjioraL Kal r) rrarpls 20 
 avrrj ■^rv^pd Kal dvaxfceXr) bvb\xara Kal dvoijrcov 
 dvBpcov <\>CXorip.i]i±ara. irXovretroy Be Tificov /jlovo? 
 Kal vrrepopdrw dirdvrwv Kal rpvepdrco fAovos Kad' 
 eaurbv KoXaKela<; Kal erraivcov cpoprtKcov dirriX- 
 Xay/jLevo?- Kal Oeols Overco Kal eucc-^elaOco /jlovo? 25 
 eaurco yeircov Kal 6/xopos, eKacrrdrco rcov dXXcov. 
 KaSdira^ eaurbv Be^icoaaaOac BeBo^Oco, Kal fjv Bey 
 
 44 diroOavelvy avrco crrecpavov erreveyKelv. Kal ovo/ma 
 fiev earco 6 Micrdv0pco7ro<; r)Btarov, rod rpbirov Be 
 yvcopicr/xara BuaKoXia Kal rpa^vrrj^ Kal aKatorr)^ 30 
 
54 AOTKJANOT [44 
 
 Kal bpyrj Kal airavOpcdirLa- el Be riva XBotfjLL ev irvpl 
 Biacfrdeipo/jbevov Kal Karao-/3evvvvat iKerevovra, irirrrj 
 /cal eXaia) Karaafievvvvai ' /cal tjv riva rov yei/jioovos 
 6 irorafjios 7rapa(j)epr) 6 Be ra? yelpa? opeycov 
 
 5 dvriXa(Sea6ai Berjrai, wOelv /cal rovrov eirl Ke^aXrjv 
 j3airrl^ovra, ft)? fjb7)he ava/cv^ai BvvrjOetr)' ovrco yap 
 av rr\v tarjv a7ro\d/3ot€V. elarjy^aaro rbv vouov 
 Tl/jlcov 'EyeKparcBov KoXXvrevs, eire-y^rj^icre rfj 
 i/c/c\7](TLa Tl/uLcov 6 avro<;. elev, ravra rj/xlv BeBoyOco 
 
 io Kal avBpt/ccos e/nfievco/jbev avrols. irXr/v dXXa rrepl 45 
 iroXXov av 7T0L7]aaLfjL7]v airaai yvcoptfid 7ra)? ravra 
 yevecrOai, Bton virepirXovrw • dyyovrj yap av rb 
 TrpaypLa yevoiro avrois. /cairoi rl rovro ; cfrev rov 
 rdyovs. iravrayoQev avvOeovac KeKovi/xevoc /cal 
 
 15 rrvevanoivre^y ov/c olBa odev ba^paivofjuevoL rov 
 ypvaiov. rrbrepov ovv eirl rov irdyov rovrov dvafia<$ 
 drzeXavvca avrovs rot? XiOois ef virepBe^iwv d/cpo- 
 /3o\l%6/jl€VO<;, rj ro ye rocrovrov rrapavop,r]crw\xev 
 eladrra^ avrol^ ojjLLKrjaavre^, ft)? rrXeov dvicovrat, 
 
 20 vTrepoptofievoL ; rovro olpuai Kal a/jueivov. ware 
 Be^dy/ieOa rjBrj avrovs viroardvre^. (pep* iBco, t/? o 
 TrpwTo? avrcov ovrb<; eon ; Tva6wviBr)$ 6 KoXatj, 6 
 nrp(pr]v epavov alrijaavrl fioo operas rbv ftpbyov, 
 iriOovs o\ov<$ Trap* e/xol 7ro\\a/a? e/nrj/jie/ccos. aXX' ev 
 
 25 ye errolrjGev 7rpcoro<; dcfuKOfxevos • olfico^erac yap irpb 
 rcov dXXcov. 
 
 TNA0. Ov/c eyft) eXeyov, &)? ov/c dfjLeXrjcrovori, 46 
 TlfjLoovo? dyaOov dvBpbs 01 Qeol ; %aipe Tl/jlcov 
 evfiopcfrbrare /cal rjBtare Kal avjuarorLKcorare. 
 
 30 TIM, NrjBl Kal av ye t ft) TvaOcaviBr], yvircbv 
 
-48.] TIM&N. 55 
 
 airdvrcov ftopcoTare Kal dvQpcoirwv eiziTpi'KTo- 
 rare. 
 
 TNAQ. 'Ael <pi\o(TKO)/jifi(ov av ye. dXXa ttov to 
 avfiiroacov ; &>? kclivov tl croc aafia tu>v veoBiBaKTWv 
 Bt,0vpdfi/3(j)V tjkco KOfiifav. s 
 
 TIM. Kal firjv^ eXeyeld ye aay fidXa 7repi7ra0co^ 
 virb ravrrj rfj BiKeXXrj. 
 
 TNAQ. Ti tovto ; iraleLS, w Tl/jlcov ; fiaprv- 
 pofiat. a) 'HpaKkei^, lov lov, 7rpoaKaXodfial ae 
 Tpavfiaros eh ' ' Apeiov irdyov. 10 
 
 TIM. Kal /jlt)v av ye fiiKpbv en fipaBvvys, (frovov 
 Taya TrpoaKeKXrjaofiai. 
 
 TNA&. Mriha/iw^' dXXa av ye irdvTW^ to 
 rpavfia Xaaai fiiKpbv eiriirdaa^ tov ypvaiov. Betvots 
 yap Xayatfibv ecrri to fydpfiaKov. 15 
 
 TIM. ''Ere yap fieveu^ ; 
 
 TNAQ. " A-neifii' av Be ov xaiprjaeis ovroy aKatbs 
 etc xprjcrTov yevofievo^. 
 
 47 TIM. TV? ovto<; ecTTiv 6 7rpo<rL(i)v, 6 dva(j)aXav- 
 Tias ; ^cXtdSr]^, koXukcov dirdvrwv 6 fiBeXvpcoTaros. 20 
 ovtos Be dypbv bXov irap ifiov Xaficbv fcal rfj 
 Ovyarpl irpolica Bvo rdXavra, fitaObv tov eirai- 
 vov, oirore acravrd fie irdvrwv atwTrcovTcov fiovos 
 virepeirfiveaev eirofioadfievos cpBi/cooTepcv elvai tojv 
 kvkvwv, eireiByf voaovvra irp(pr]v elBe fie Kal 25 
 irpoarjXSov eiriKovpias Beofievos, 7rXr)yds yevvalos 
 irpocreveTeivev. 
 
 48 <&IA. ,v /2 tt}? dvaio-xyvTias. vvv Tificova yvco- 
 pi^ere ; vvv TvaOwviBrfs tyiXos Kal avfiTroTrj? ; 
 Toiyapovv BUaia ireirovOev 01/T&)? dydpiaTO% cov. 30 
 
56 AOTKIANOT [48 
 
 rjfiels Be ol irdXai ^vvifiei^ Kal ]~vvecf)r]/3oL teal 
 B^jxoTai o/zeo? fxerpid^ofiev, &)? /xr] eiTLiTrjBdv BoKchfiev. 
 yaipe, cl> BeairoTa, Kal ottcos tov? fitapovs tovtovs 
 fc6\a/ca<$ (j)vXd£r), tou9 eirl tt}? rpaire^r}^ /jlovov 
 5 cjuXovs, tcl ciXXa Be Kopd/ccov ovBev BLacfrepovTas. 
 ovfeero iTLarevrea tcov vvv ovBevi' irdvTe^ dydpLCTTOi 
 Kal 7rov7)po[. iyco Be TaXavTOv croi ko/jll^cdv, <w? 
 e^oi? 7rpo? tcl Kareireiyovra yprjaOaL, KacJ 6Bbv i]Br) 
 ttXtjctlov rj/covara, <w? ttXovtoltjs vireppLeyeOrf tlvcl 
 
 10 ttXovtov. rjfcco Toiyapovv ravrd ere vovQeTr\acov 
 kclitoi ax) ye ovrco aocpb<; c%v ovBev ictcds Setjcrrj tcov 
 Trap e/jLod Xoycov, o? Kal tw Nearopi to Beov 
 nrapaiveaeia^ av. 
 
 TIM. "EaTai TavTa, go QuXLaBrj. irXrjv dXXa 
 
 is irpoaiOi • Kal ere cpLXocppovtfcrofiaL tj) St/ceWr). 
 
 <&IA. "AvOpwiroi, Kajeaya tov Kpaviov virb tov 
 d%apL(TTOV, Biotl tcl o-v/jL(j)epovTa evovdeTovv avTOV. 
 
 TIM. 'IBov TpiTOs ovtos prjTcop Arffxeas TTpocj- 49 
 epyeTai yjrrj(j)LafJLa eycov iv tj} Be^Lct Kal avyyevrj? 
 
 20 fjfjLeTepos eivaL Xeycov. ovtos e/cKal8efca Trap 1 e/jLov 
 TaXavTa fJLLcis rjfiepas i/cricra? tj} iroXei — tcaTe- 
 BeBiKaaTO yap Kal eBeBeTO ovk a7roStSoy?, Kayco 
 iXerjaa? iXvadfirjv avTov — eireiBr] irpcoyv eXaye 
 tt) 'EpeyOijcBL (f>vXfj Biave/jLetv to OecopiKov Kaycb 
 
 25 7rpocrrjX0ov aWcov to yLvofievov, ovk e<pr) yvcopi^eiv 
 ttoXltt]v ovTa fie. 
 
 AHM. Xalpe, cly Tificov, to fieya ocfieXos tov 50 
 yevovs, to epeLcrfia tcov AOrjvaicov, to 7rp6$Xr\iLa 
 t?}? 'EXXdBos' Kal ixt]v irdXai ere 6 Brj/io<; £vvet- 
 
 30 Xey\xevo<$ Kal al /3ovXal d/ACpoTepac TrepL^evovai. 
 
-5i] TIMttiV. $7 
 
 nrporepov Be clkovgov to yfrr/cj) tafia, o virep aov 
 yeypa(f>a' " ^EiretBr] Ttpcov 6 'E-^efcpartBov Ko\- 
 Xvrevs, avrjp ov puovov Ka\b<; fcdyaOos, aWa Kal 
 <ro(f)b<; &>? ovk aXkos ev rrj 'EWdBt, irapd irdvra 
 yj>bvov BtareXel rd dptcrra irpdrrcov rfj iroXet, s 
 vevlfcrjfce Be irv^ Kal irdXrjv Kal Bpo/xov ev 'OXvp-irla 
 Illcls rjfjiepas Kai reXeup dp/iari, Kal avvcoplBc 
 
 7TO)\.LK7) — ' 
 
 TIM. *AX)C ovBe i0€O)p7]<ja eyco 7tco7tot6 et? 
 'OXv par lav. io 
 
 AHM. Tl ovv ; Oecoprjo-eis varepov rd roiavra 
 Be iroWa irpoo-KelaOai a/ieivov. " Kal rjpiarevae Be 
 virep rfj^ 7roXeo)? irepvcrt 7rpo? ' Ayapvals Kal /care- 
 fcoyjre HeXoirovvrja iwv Bvo popas — " 
 51 TIM. JJw? ; Bed yap to purj eyeiv oirka ovBe 15 
 7rpovypd(f)r}v ev tg3 KaraXoyw. 
 
 AHM. Merpia rd irepl aavrov Xeyeis, rjpueU Be 
 dydpiGTOi dv etrj^iev dpLvqpovovvre^. " en Be Kal 
 tyj](f)io-paTa ypd(j)cov Kal ^vpb/3ov\evcov Kal o-TparTj- 
 ya>v ov pbLKpa a)cf>e\r)o-e ttjv itoXiv ' eirl tovtols 20 
 diracn BeB6-)(6oi rfj {3ov\f} Kal tco BrjpL(p Kal rfj 
 'HXiaia, Kara <pv\d<; Kal rot? Bigots IBta Kal kocvj} 
 iracri y^pVGOvv dvaaTrjaai rbv Tl/icova irapa rrjv 
 'AOrjvav ev rrj aKpoiroXet Kepavvbv ev rfj Sefjia 
 eyovra Kal aKrlvas eirrd eirl rfj Ke(f>a\fj Kal 25 
 o~Te<\>av(hcrai aurbv ^pvcroU crrecfrdvoLS Kal dva- 
 Krjpv^Orjvai rovs aTecfrdvovs rrjfiepov Aiovvcriois 
 rpaywSoLS Kacvols' — d-^Orjvai yap Bl avrbv Bel 
 TJJ/jiepov rd Aiovvaia — eiire ~r\v yv(£>p.r\v A-qpLeas 
 ptfrcop, crvyyevris avrov dy-fciarevs Kal pLadrjrrjs cov 30 
 
58 AOTKIANOT [51 
 
 Kal yap prjTWp dpicrro^ Tifxcov Kal tcl aXXa 
 Trdvra oirocra av i6eXrj." rovrl puev ovv aoi to 52 
 yjn](j>ta/ia. iyo) Be Kal rbv vlbv eftovXo/irjv dyayelv 
 irapd ae, ov eirl t&3 crS ovopban Tt/icova oovbfiaKa. 
 5 TIM. I7w?, a) Arjpbia, 6? ovEe yeydpLrjtcas, oaa 
 ye Kal rjpLa<; elhevai ; 
 
 AHM. 'AXXa yapico, rjv EcSS deos, e'9 vecora Kal 
 iraihoiTQir)<Jopuai Kal to yevvrjOrjao/jbevov — dppev yap 
 eorai — Tip^cova T/St] KaXco. 
 10 TIM. Ou/c olBa, el yapLets en, w ovtos, Tr\XiKavTT)V 
 Trap epbov irXrjy-qv Xafifidvcov. 
 
 AHM. Olpboi ' tl tovto ; Tvpavvihi, Tlpwv, 
 
 ewL^eipet^ /cal Tvirreis tovs eXevdepovs ov Kadapco? 
 
 eXevOepos ov& avrbs wv ; aXXa Sucrecs ev rd^ec 
 
 is tt)v Si/crjv rd re aXXa Kal on tt)v aKpoiroXiv 
 
 eveirprjcras. 
 
 TIM. 'AXX* ovk ip J 7reirp7)o'Tai, 0) paape, r) d/cpo- 53 
 7toXl<;' coare SrjXos el crvKo(pavT(ov. 
 
 AHM. 'AXXa /cal 7rXovreis rbv 6irio~6b§opLov 
 20 Stopv^as. 
 
 TIM. Ov Sicupv/crai, ovSe ovto<;' (bare diriQavd 
 gov /cal Tama. 
 
 AHM. Aiopv^OrjaeTaL puev vo~Tepov rfii) he o~v 
 TrdvTa tcl ev avTcp e^et?. 
 25 TIM. Ov/covv /cal ciXXrjv Xdpufiave. 
 
 AHM. OipLOL TO pbeTd(j)p€VOV. 
 
 TIM. Mr) iceicpayQi " KaTolaco yap aoi Kal 
 
 TpiTrjv • eirel Kal yeXola irdfnrav av nrdOoipu Bvo 
 
 jjuev AaKeSac/jLovicov fjubpas KaTaKo^a^ avoirXos, ev 
 
 30 Se fuapbv dv0pd)7riov pur) eTTLTpL-^ras' pbaTrjv yap dv 
 
-55] TIMQN. 59 
 
 54 eir\v Kal v€VtK7)fcco<; 'OXv/ATria ttv£ Kal ira\7]v. dXXa 
 tl rovro ; ov &pao-VKXrj$ 6 cfrtXocrocfros ovtos icrrcv ; 
 ov fiev ovv aWos* iKirerdaa^ yovv tov ircoycova 
 Kal ra? ocppvs avareivas Kal ftpevOvofievos to 7rpo? 
 avTov epxerai, TCTavcoSes (BXeirwv, dvaaecroftr) fievos s 
 tt\v eirl rep fiercoTTO) KOfJLrjv, AvToftopea? Tt? ff 
 TpcTcov, oi'ovs 6 " Zev^is eypayfrev. ovtos 6 to 
 Gyr)\ia evo-TaXrjs Kal koct/jllo^ to /3dSco-fMa Kal 
 a(o(f>povcKb<; Trjv dva/3oXr]v ecodev /juvpia oaa irepl 
 ap€TY}s Sie^icov Kal tojv rjSovfj yaipovToav tcciTrjyopcov io 
 Kal to oXiyapKe? iiracvcov, eTrecSr) Xovadpuevo^ 
 d(j)LKOiTO eirl t6 helirvov Kal 6 iral? /jbeydXrjv ttjv 
 KvXiKa ope^eiev avTu> — too ^wpoTepw Be ^aipec 
 fjbdXiaTa — KaOdirep to Arjdr]<; vScop eKirtoyv ivav- 
 TCcoTaTa eTriheiKPVTai, tols ecoOtvocs eKeivois Xoyocs 13 
 Trpoapird^wv cocrirep Iktlvo? tcl o\jra Kal tov ttX^giov 
 7rapayKCQvi£6/jLevos, KapvKr\^ to yevecov avdirXeoos, 
 
 KVVT)86v €fX(f)OpOV/jL€VOS, €TTlK€KV(f)d)<;, Ka6dlT6p 6V Tat? 
 
 Xoirdai tt)v dpsTrjv evprjcreiv 7rpoo-8oKa)i>, aKpi(3co<$ 
 Ta TpvftXca Tea Xc^avS diroafi^^wv, go? fir/Se oXiyov 20 
 55 tov /xuttcotov KaTaXiToi. /xefi-^rifiotpo^ del, kclv 
 tov irXaKovvTa bXov rj tov avv jtiwo? tu>v ciXXcov 
 \d(Sr) rj 6 ti irep Xc^veta^ Kal d7rXr)o-Tia$ oc£e/Vo?, 
 fiiOvcros Kal irdpoivo^, ovk d^pi coS>5<? Kal op^rjaTVo^ 
 fjbovov, dXXa Kal XoiSopia? Kal 6pyr)s. TrpoaeTi Kal 25 
 Xoyou iroXXol eVl tj} kvXlkl, tot6 Srj Kal /jLaXccrTa, 
 7T€pl acoeppocrvvrjs Kal Koo-fiiOTr]TO<; • Kal Tamd 
 (J)t]o-lv rjhr) biro tov aKpaTov irovrjptos eywv Kal 
 V7roTpavXi£(0v ysXolcos' eiTa €[i6Tos eirl tovtoc 1 ;' 
 Kal to TeXevTalov dpdfievoi Tives €K(pepovacv avTov 3° 
 
60 AOTKIANOT [55 
 
 i/c tov avfiirocriov t?}? avXr)TplBo<$ dfifyoTepais 
 eireiXrffjbfievov. irXrjv dXXa ical vrjcj^cov ovBevl tcov 
 irpcoTeioov irapa^copijaeiev av -^revcrfiaTO^ eveica rj 
 6pao-urr)Tog rj ifiiXapyvpias' dXXa ical koXclkcdv iarl 
 5 to, irpcora ical iiTLop/ceL Trpo^eiporaTa, ical r) yorjrela 
 7rpor)<yeLTcu ical r) avaMiyyvTia irapofiapTel, fcal 6'Aft>? 
 7rdvcro<p6v tl yjprjfxa ical iravTayoQev aKpij3e<$ ical 
 TroiiciXws ivreXes* olfioo^eTat Toiyapovv ov/c eh 
 fiaicpdv xprjaros tov. tl tovto ; irairal, %povio<; 
 
 10 r)fuv ©paavfcXr)^. 
 
 ©PAS. Ov Kara ravrd, 00 Tlficov, tols iroXXoh 56 
 toutols d(fciyfiai, coorwep 01 tov ttXovtov o~ov Tedrj- 
 Trores dpyvptov ical %pvo~iov ical BetTrvoov iroXvTeXoov 
 eXiriBi crvvBeBpafirj/cao-i, iroXXr)v rr)v KoXaiceiav 
 
 15 enriBei^ofievoi nrpbs avBpa olov ere ciTrXolicbv ical tcov 
 ovtcov kolvcovl/cov. olaOa yap go? fid^a fiev ifiol 
 Belirvov l/cavov, oyfrov Be rfBuarTov Ovfiov r) icdpBafiov 
 rj el irore rpvtfxprjv, bXiyov tcov dXcov irorbv Be 
 r) evveaicpovvos • 6 Be rplftwv ovtos 77? (SovXev 
 
 20 7rop(f>vpiBos dfielvcov. to %pvcriov fiev yap ovBev 
 TtfJbtooTepov tcov ev tols alyiaXoh -^rr)$lBoov fioi Boicei* 
 aov Be avrou %dpiv iorrdXrjv, ft)? fir) Bcacpdelprj ae to 
 kuklcttov tovto koi eiriftovXoTaTov KTrjfia 6 ttXovtos, 
 6 ttoXXols 7roXXdfci$ acTios dvrj/cecTTcov crv/Mpopcov 
 
 25 yeyevrjfievos' el ydp fiot, ireiQoio, fidXcaTa fiev bXov 
 e? Tr)v SdXaTTav efi(3aXeh avTov ovBev dvaytcalov 
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 Bwapuevw' fir) fievTOi e? ftdOos, coyaOe, dXX oaov e? 
 (3ovj3oova<; eire/jiffa? bXiyov irpb Tr)<; KVfxaTcoyr)*; ifiov 
 
 30 opcovTOS fiovov el Be fir) tovto fiovXeu, av Be dXXov 57 
 
-58.] TIM.QX. 6 1 
 
 TpoTrov dfieivco Kara, ra^os i/ccpopijcrov avrbv Ik rfjs 
 ol/cias fi7)& ofioXbv aavrco dveis, BiaBiBov? diracri 
 tols BeofAevocs, d> fiev irevre Bpay^fid^, &> Be p,vav, co 
 Be rj/jLiraXavTov el Be tls (£t\6cro<£o? el'r), Bifiocplav 
 rj TpLjxoLpiav cf>epecrOac Bitcaios • e'/xot Be — Kalroc 5 
 ovk ifjuavrov ydpiv alrco, dXX! 07tg)? fieraBco rcov 
 eralpwv tols Beop.evocs — Uavbu el ravrrjvl r^v 
 Trjjpav e/c7r\?;cra? irapdcryois ovBe oXovs Bvo fieBi- 
 fivov? yoipovcrav Alyivr\TiKov$. oXcyapKrj Be ical 
 fierpcov xprf elvat rbv (^iXoao^ovvra Kal pir}Bev virep 10 
 ttjv irrjpav (f>povelv. 
 
 TIM. 'EiraLvco ravrd aov, co QpaavKXei^' rrpb 
 8' ovv tt)? 7n}pa<;, el 80/cel, <f)epe aoc rr]v Ke^aXrjv 
 ifATrXyjcrco kovBvXcov eirLpLerpi^cra^ rfj Bi/ceXXy. 
 
 GPAZ. ^12 BrjfjLOKpaTta /cal vofioc, TraLOfieOa virb 15 
 rod Karapdrov ev eXevOepa rfj irbXet. 
 
 TIM. Ti dyavafCTeis, wyaOe ; /xcov re irapa- 
 fcefcpovcrp,aL ere ; teal firjv eVe/i/SaXco -^oiviKas vrrep 
 58 to fierpov rerrapa<;. dXXa ri rovro ; 7roX\ol 
 %vvep-%ovrai' BXeyjriag eKelvos ica\ Ad%rjs Kal 20 
 Tvt^xov /cal bXov rb avvray/xa rcov olfxco^opLevwv. 
 ware ri ovk errl r^v rrerpav ravrrjv dveXOcbv rr]v 
 [iev BitceXXav bXlyov dvarravco rrdXai irerrovqKvtav, 
 avrbs Be on TrXeio-Tovs XiOovs ^v/Kpopyjcras eiriya- 
 Xa^co rr6ppo)0ev avrovs ; 25 
 
 BAEW. Mr] ftdXXe, a> Ti/jlcov diriyuev ydp. 
 
 TIM. 'AX)C ovk dvaLjjLcovTL ye v/xeU ovBe avev 
 rpavfidrcov. 
 
0EQN AIAAOrOI. 
 
 1. (7.) 
 
 H3>AI2T0Y KAI AnOAAONOS. 
 
 H$. 'Ecopafcas, co "AiroXXov, to tt)$ Mala? 1 
 /3p€CJ)o<; to apTL T6^6ev ; &>? KaXbv t4 £ctti Kal 
 irpocrixeihia iracri Kal SrjXol rjSrj fxeya tl ayadbv 
 
 aTTOJ37]a6fJb€VOV. 
 
 s ATI. 'E/cecvo to ftpicpos, co " HcfrcuaTe, rj /xeya 
 ayadov, b tov ^laireTov TrpecrfivTepov icrTiv ocrov 
 iirl ttj iravovpyia ; 
 
 H$. Kal tl av aSifcrjcrat SvvatTO apTiTOKov ov ; 
 
 All. 'EpcoTa tov IIoa-eiDcovay ov TTjv Tpiaivav 
 
 io eicketyev, rj tov "Apr]' Kal tovtov yap i^elX/cvcre 
 
 XaObv etc tov KoXeov to £/<£o?, %va fir) i/juavTov 
 
 Xeyco, bv a^coirXiae tov to^ov Kal tcov fteXcov. 
 
 H<!>. To veoyvbv TavTa, b fjuoXw eo-TrjKe, to ev 2 
 toIs cnrapydvois ; 
 is All. Elarj, co " Hj)aicTT€, rjv croc TrpocriXOrj 
 
 fJLOVOV. 
 
 H<l>. Kal [irjv 7rpoarjX0ev rjSrj. 
 ATI. Tl ovv ; irdvTa e%et? to, ipyaXeta Kal 
 ovSev airoXcoXev avTcov ; 
 
OE.QN AlAAOrOI. 1. 117 
 
 H$. Uavra, w "AttoXXov. 
 
 All. "O/jlcds iiricTKe^ai afcpifta)?. 
 
 H<P. Ma Ala, ttiv irvpdypav ov% opco. 
 
 All. AW? 6\jret 7rov iv roi<; airapydvois avrrjv 
 tov (Bpefyovs. 5 
 
 H$. Outcos b^vj^eip icrrl KaOdirep iv rfj yacrrpl 
 eKfjLeXerrjcras rrjv KXeTTTtKijv ; 
 
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 yBr) <TTG)fjLv\a Kal iiriTpoya' 6 Be Kal BiaKOvelaQai 
 rjfjilv eOeXei. %#e? Be irpOKaXeadpievos tov "Epwra 10 
 KaTeirakaiaev ev6v$ ovk oiB' ottois IxpeXcov to> 
 7r6Be' elra fjuera^u iiraivoviievos t% A^poBiTti^ 
 fiev tov. Kearbv eKXeyjre 7rpoo~7TTv%a{ievr]$ avrbv eirl 
 rfj vlktj, rod Aib<$ Be yeXcovTos ere, rb aKrJ7rrpov 
 el Be fir) /3apvrepo<; 6 Kepavvbs rjv Kal iroXv to irvp 15 
 el^e, KtiKelvov av v(f>elXeTO. 
 
 H$. Topyov nva tov iralBa </>#?. 
 
 ATI. Ov fibvov, dXX! 7]Btj Kal fiovaiKOv. 
 
 H<P. Tco tovto TeKfiaipeaOai e^et? ; 
 
 ATI. XeXcovrjv ttov veKpav evpaiv opyavov air 20 
 avTTjs crvveirrj^aTO ■ Trry^et? yap ivap/iocras Kal 
 £vycocra<;, eireiTa KoXXdftovs i/nrrj^as Kal jiaydBa 
 VTrodeU Kal evTeivd/jLevos eirTa %opBa<i ifieXa>Bei, 
 irdvv yXaifivpov, w " H(fraio~Te, Kal ivapfibviov, ox; 
 Ka/ie avTco cfrdoveiv irdXat KiOapl^eiv dcrKovvTa. 25 
 eXeye Be rj Mala, go? firjBe fievoi tcls vvKTas iv 
 tg3 ovpavq), aAX' vtto irepiepyias ct^pt tov aBov 
 KaTLOt, KXeyjrcov tl KaKeWev BrjXaBrj. vTrbiTTepos 
 & icrTl Kal pdftBov Tivd TreiroiTiTai Oavfiaalav Tr\v 
 Bvva/iiv, fi ^v^ayooyel Kal KaTayei tqvs veKpovs. 30 
 
Ii8 AOTKIANOT 
 
 JET<£. Eyu> i/c€LV7]v eBcoKa avrco iraiyviov elvac. 
 
 ATI. Toiyapovv direBcoKe gov tov /JuaOov, ttjv 
 nrvpdypav — 
 
 JET<£. Ev ye VTre/jLvi] era?' cocrre ftaBiov/jLai airo- 
 s Xrjijro/jLevos avTrjv, el irov a>? fyrjs evpe6elr} ev tois 
 o-irapydvois. 
 
 2. (13.) 
 AI02, A2KAHIII0Y KAI HPAKAEOY2. 
 
 ZET2. TIavcracrOe, Si ' Acnckrjirie Kal 'HpdfckeLs, 1 
 epL&vres irpos dXXrjXovs coenrep avdpwiroi' dirpeirr) 
 yap ravra Kal dXXoTpia tov crvfXTrocriov tcov 
 6eS)v. 
 5 HP A. 'AXXd eOeXeis, a> Zev, tovtovI tov <f>ap- 
 /na/cia irpOKaraKXlveaOal fiov ; 
 
 ASK. Nrj Ala' /cal dfieivcov yap el/me. 
 
 HP A. Kara ti, cb e/jLJ3p6vT7)Te ; r) Bioti o~e 6 
 Zev$ e/cepavvcocrev a fir) deputy iroiovvra, vvv Be tear 
 io eXeov avOis aOavacrlas /jueTeLXr](f>a<; ; 
 
 ASK. 'Eirikekrio-aL yap Kal av, a> 'Hpd/cXeis, 
 ev rjj Olrrj KaratyXeyeLs, ore puoc oveiBi^ei? to 
 irvp ; 
 
 HP A. Ovkovv icra /cal ofjuoia (Befiiwrai rj/nlv, b? 
 
 15 A los p>ev mo? elp,i, Toaavra Be TreiTovr\Ka eKKaOalpwv 
 
 tov filov, Orjpla KarayccvL^ofxevos Kal dvdpco7rov<; 
 
 v/3picrTa<; Tip,copovpLevo<; • av Be pc^OTOfios el Kal 
 
 ayvpTTjs, voaoven fiev tacos dvOpcoirois %p7]cnp,o<; 
 
OEQN AIAAOrOI. 2. 3. 119 
 
 eiriQr]o-eiv twv c^ap/iaKcov, dvBpcjBes Be ovBev 
 e7riBeBeiyfievo^. 
 
 AUK. Ev \ey €(,<;, otl erov tcl iy/cav/iara lacrd- 
 fjirjv, ore irpcf>r]v dvrjXOes i)pii($)XeicTOs vir dp(f>otv 
 8ie(f)6apfAevo$ to crcofxa, fcal rod ^ltcovos kclL fxera 5 
 
 TOVTO TOV TTVpOS' ijO) Be €L KCU flTjBev aXXo, 0VT6 
 
 eBovXevcra ooairep crv ovre etjacvov epia ev AvBiq 
 irop^vpiBa evBeBv/ccos /cat Traio/Aevos vito r?}? O/i- 
 (fzaXrjs xpvcro) cravBdXo), dXXd ovBe fieXay")(oXr]aa^ 
 cureKTeiva ra reicvcL /cai tt)v yvval/ca. ic 
 
 HP A. El fir] iravcrr) \ocBopovfievd<; fioi, avri/ca 
 fidXa eicrrj co? ov ttoXv ere ovr/crei v\ dOavaala, eV.et 
 dpdpLevos ere pl^co eirl xecpaXyv e'/c rod ovpavov, 
 Mcrre fi7]8e rbv Uacodva IdaaaOai ere to Kpaviov 
 avvTpifievTa. «5 
 
 ZET2. TLavaao-Oe, (pr/pui, /cal fiif eiriTapaTTeTe 
 r/puv ttjv ^vvovcriav, rj dpufiorepovs diroirepL^ropiaL 
 v/ias tov tjv/jLTrocriov. KdiTOt evyvcopov, d> 'Hpa/cXec?, 
 TTpoKaTaKXiveaQal crov tov ' 'Aa kXt]tt lov OLTe teal 
 irpoTepov diroOavovTa. 20 
 
 3. (19.) 
 
 A<£POAITH5 KAI EPfiTOS. 
 
 1 A$P. Ti BijiroTe, co "Epoos, tovs fxev aXXovs 
 
 0eov<; fcaTTjycQVLcra} airavTas, tov Ala, tov Hoo-ecBw, 
 tov 'AttoXXw, tijv 'Peav, e/xe ttjv fir)Tepa, /j,6vt]<; Be 
 
120 AOTKIANOT 
 
 direyrj t?}? *A6r)vds real err izceivr]*; airvpo? jiev col 
 r) Sa?, reevr) he olarcov r) (paperpa, au he aro^o<; el 
 real acnoyos ; 
 
 EP. Aehia, co firjrep, avrrjv cfioftepa yap ecrri 
 
 5 real yapoirr) real heivcos dvhpirer) ■ birbrav yovv 
 
 evreivdpievos to to^ov I'co €tt avTTjv, eiriaelovaa 
 
 rbv \6(f)ov ifC7r\?]TT6i pue real vTrorpopios yivofiai real 
 
 diroppel fiov tcl To^ev/iara ire rcov yeiptov. 
 
 A<PP. ( "Apr)? jap ov cfjoftepcorepos r)v ; real 
 
 10 o/acos acpcoTrXtcras avrbv real vevirerj/eas. 
 
 EP. *AWd ereelvos etecov nrpoaieral /me real 
 irpocrKaXeirai, r) ^AOrjva he vcftopdrai del, real ttot€ 
 eyco fiev aXXco? irapeiTTriv nrXrjaiov €^cov rr)v 
 \apardha, r) he, El (Jlol irpbcrei, c\>T)o~i, vr) rbv 
 
 15 irarepa, rco hoparlco cre hiairelpacra r) rov 7rohb<; 
 \af3opbevrj real e? rbv Tdprapov epftaXovcra r) 
 avrr) hiacnraaa/jievr) SiacpOepco. TroXXa roiavra 
 7]7reL\rjcre' real opa he hpipiv real eirl rov crrjOovs 
 €X 6t 'TT p oct coir 6v ti cf)o(3epbv eylhvai^ reardreopLov, 
 
 20 oirep iyco fidXicrra hehta' fioppoXt/rrerac ydp fie 
 real cf>evyco, orav ihco avrb. 
 
 A$P. 'AWa rr)v puev ''AOrjvav hehias, co? c/>#?, 
 real tt\v Topyova, real ravra pur) cfroftrjdels top 
 reepavvbv rov Aibs. at Be Movcrai Sid tl croi 
 
 25 drpcoroi real e^co /3e\cov elaiv ; r) redfeeivai \ocf)ovs 
 eiricreiovai real Topyova? irpo^aivovcriv ; 
 
 EP. Alhovpai avrds, co p,rJTep ' cre/ival <ydp 
 elcri real del ti cppovri^ovai leal nrepl cohrjv eyovai 
 real iyco irap'iGTa/iai TroWdreis avrais K7J\ovfievo<; 
 
 30 V7rb rov /xeXof?. 
 
GEQN AlAAOrOL 3. I 121 
 
 A$P. "Ea Kal Tavras, on aefival' rr)v Be 
 "Aprefziv rlvos eveica ov nrpcocrKeL^ ; 
 
 EP. To fiev oXov ovBe KaraXaftelv avrr)v olov 
 re cfrevyovcrav del Bed rcov bpcov elra Kal lBlov rcva 
 epcora t)Bt] epa. 5 
 
 A$P. Tlvos, co reicvov ; 
 
 EP. Grfpas Kal iXdcpcov Kal veftpcov, alpelv re 
 BccoKovaa Kal Kararotjevetv, Kal oXcos 7rpo? tco 
 roiovrco early • errel rov ye dBeXcfibv avrrj<;, Kalroi 
 ro^orrjv Kal avrbv ovra Kal eK7j/36Xov — ic 
 
 A$P. OlBa, co reKvov, rroXXd eKelvov erotjevcras. 
 
 4. (2L) 
 
 APEQ2 KAI EPMOY. 
 
 A P. "HKovaas, co 'Epfir), ola rjirelXr^crev i)pZv 
 Zev$, co? vTrepoTTTLKa Kal co? diriOava ; *Hv 
 edeXi)aco, <f>r)crlv, eycb p,ev 4k rod ovpavov aeipdv 
 Ka6i]aw, v/jLeis Be drroKpefiacrOevre^ Karaarrdv (Bid- 15 
 aeaOe fie, dXXa fjbdrrjv irovqaere ' ov yap Br) 
 KadeXKverere' el Be eycb 6eXr)o-aifii dveXKvaai, ov 
 jjlovov v/ias, dXXa Kal rr)v yrjv a/ia Kal rr)v 
 OdXarrav avvaprrjcra^ fierecoptco ' Kal raXXa Baa 
 Kal crv dKi)Koa<;. eycb Be on /xev Ka0' eva rrdvrcov 20 
 dfjieivcov Kal Icr^vporepo^ icrriv ovk dv dpvrjOelrjv' 
 6/iov Be rcov roaovrcov V7rep<f>epeiv, co? /xrj Kara- 
 7rovijaeiv avrov, Kav rr)v yrjv Kav rr)v OdXarrav 
 rrpoaXd^co/iev, ovk dv rreLadeLrjv. 
 
122 AOTKIANOT QE&N AlAAOrOI. 4. 
 
 EPM. Evtyrj/Aeiy a> *Ape<s • ov yap ao-(f)aXe$ 
 Xeyecv ra roiavra, fjurj kcli ri kclkov airoXava-wfxev 
 ttjs (f>Xvapia<;. 
 
 AP. Otet yap fie 7T/30? rrdvra^ av ravra el^elv, 
 
 5 ov)(l Se 7rpo? fiovov ere, bv eyefivQelv rjTrtardfirjv ; 
 
 b 8' ovv fidXtcrra yeXolov eSojje fioi clkovovti fiera^v 
 
 t% direcXr)^, ovk av hvvai\n)v ai(07rrjcraL 7rpb<; ae' 
 
 fiefivrjfiao yap ov nrpo ttoXXov, oirore 6 IloaeiScov 
 
 teal r) e/ Hpa /cal r) ^AOrjva eiravacrrdvre^ eire^ovXevov 
 
 10 o-vvhrjaau Xafiovres avrov, a>? wavrolo^ rjv BeSicos, 
 
 Kal ravra rpeh ovras, ical el ye fir] r) &ert<; 
 
 KareXerjaaaa e/cdXeaev avrS avfifiayov Bpcdpecov 
 
 eKaroyyeipa ovra, kclv eSeBero [av] avrS KepavvQi 
 
 [/cal ftpovrff\. ravra Xoyi^ofievcp e7rrjei fioi yeXav 
 
 15 eirl ry /caXXipprjfiocrvvr) avrov. 
 
 EPM. Sicorra, (fry/ii* ov yap aacfiaXes ovre aol 
 Xeyeiv ovr ifiol dicoveiv ra roiavra. 
 
ENAAIOI AIAAOFOL 
 
 1. (2.) 
 KYKAMIOS KAI nOSEIAfiNOS. 
 
 KTK. */2 irdrep, ola rreirovQa viro rov Kara" 
 pdrov %evov, o? fiedvcras €^erv(f)\cocre p>e KOipuw^evco 
 eiriyeipr}aa<$. 
 
 110%. TY<? Be tjv 6 ravra ToXfjurjcras, ay UoXv- 
 <t>lP<e ; s 
 
 KTK.. To fxev irpairov Ovriv avrov direKaXet, 
 iirel Be Bte(f>vye kclL e^co tjv fiekovs, 'OSfcrcreu? 
 ovopid^ecrOat e<pr). 
 
 TIOX. OlBa ov \iyeis, rbv ^IOa/cijaiov e£ 'IXlov 
 S' dveirXei. dXXa 7rw? ravra eirpaijev ovBe irdvv io 
 evOapo-rjs cov ; 
 
 KTK. KareXaffov ev ru> avrpw dirb rr)s vofxri^ 
 dvacrrpk^fa^ nroXXovs rivas, e7n(3ovXevovras BrjXov 
 on rots ttol/jlvlol^' iirel <yap erreOrjica rfj Ovpa ro 
 rrco/Jia — rrkrpa Be icrrc irafifieyeOrj^ — real ro irvp 15 
 dveicavaa evavad/juevo^ b e<f)epov BevBpov diro rod 
 opovs, e<j>dvr)crav dirofcpvirrecv avrovs rreip(£>\xevoi* 
 iyeb Be avXXa/3cov rtvas avrojv, coairep etVo? rjv, 
 
124 AOTKIANOT 
 
 /carecfiayov Xrjard^ ye ovras. evravOa 6 iravovpyb" 
 raros ifcelvos, elre Ovris elre OBvo-aev<; rjv, SlScoaL 
 fioi irielv (pdp/jLdKOv n ey^ea?, r)$v puev teal evoo-puov, 
 eiri(3ovXbrarov he ical rapa^coheararov ' diravra 
 5 yap evdvs iSb/ceo pboi rrepifykpeaQai itiIvtl ical to 
 crirrfKaiov avrb dvearpe(f>ero ical ov/cerc oXcos ev 
 ifjbavTOu r)\xr\v, reXos 8e e? virvov icarecr7rdo~6r)v. 
 6 he diro^vvas rov pLO%Xbv ical irvpwaas ye rrpocreri 
 erv^Xoocre pue icaOevSovra, /cat drr i/celvov rvtyXo? 
 
 io el/JLL cot, a) Ubaeuhov. 
 
 UO%. f /2? fiaOvv e/coifJbrjOT]?, w reicvov, o? ovk 
 i^edopes pueraijv rvcpXovpuevos. 6 8' ovv 'OSvacrevs 
 7Tco? Bie(j>vyev ; ov yap av ev oIS' on r/SvvrjOr) 
 diroKivr]o-ai ryv irerpav euro t% 6vpa<$. 
 
 is KTK. 'AXX* eyeb dcpecXov, o>? pcdXXov avrbv 
 \d/3ocfjLt e^ibvra, ical KaOiaas irapd rr)v Ovpav 
 iOrjpcov t<x? %elpa<; e/cirerdoa^, pibva irapels to, 
 rrpbftara e? rrjv vopurjv, ivrecXapuevos ra> fcpid) oirbaa 
 e^prjv irpdrreiv avrbv virep epuov. 
 
 20 1102. Mavddvco' vir e/ceivots eXaOov v7re^eX- 
 dovres' o~e Be rovs aXXovs KvicXwiras eBei eiriftor)- 
 crao-dai, err avrbv. 
 
 KTK. ^vveicdXeaa, c5 irdrep, teal tjkov • eirel 
 Be rjpovro rov e7TL(3ovXevovro<? rovvofia rcdyco e<pr)v 
 
 25 on Ovris eari, pueXay^oXdv olrjOevres pie oj^ovro 
 dirtovres. ovrco icareao<plaarb pue 6 tcardparos rS 
 ovopuarc. ical b pudXiara rjvlacre pie, ore teal 
 oveiBi^cov epuol rrjv o~vpL(j>opdv, OvBe 6 irarrjp y (prjalv, 
 6 JJoo-ecBoov Idcrerai o~e. 
 
 30 UOX. Odppei, &> re/cvov dpbvvovp>ai yap avrbv s 
 
ENAAI01 AIAAOrOL 1. 2. 125 
 
 co? fidOr) on, real el 7njp(ocrlv fMot ofyOaXficov laaOau 
 ahvvarov, ra yovv twv irXeovTcov [to aoj^etu avTov? 
 Kal airoWvvcu] eir ifiol icrTi' irXel Se eVt. 
 
 * 2. (3.) 
 nOSEIAQXOS KAI AASEIOY. 
 
 TIOX. Ti tovto, AXfyete ; fiovos Tdv aXXcov 
 i/jLTrecrcov e? to TreXayo? ovtc dvap.iyvvcrai tjj ciX/jltj, 5 
 &)? e#o? 7TOTa/xo6? diracnv, ovTe dvairavet^ creavTov 
 hiay^vOei^, dXXd 81a tt}? OaXc'iTTT)? ^vvecrTcos Kal 
 yXvKV (pvXaTTcov to peWpov, d/ityr}<; €ti Kal Kadapbs 
 tireiyr) ovk ol8a biroi (3v6io<$ vtoBv^ KaOdirep ol 
 Xdpoi Kal epcohcoL ; Kal eoiKas dvaKv^jreiv ttov Kal 10 
 av6i$ dvafyavelv aeavTov. 
 
 AA$>. 'EpCOTLKOV TL TO TTpdyfld eCTTiV, 0) II6creC' 
 
 Sov, tocrTe /J,?] eXey%e ' 7]pda6r]^ he Kal avTos 
 7roXXaKi<;. 
 
 110%. TvvaiKos, a> AX<j>eie, r) vvfM^rjs e'/3a? r\ 15 
 Kal to)v Nr)p7)iBcov avTwv /Aids ; 
 
 AA<P. Ovk, dXXd 77777/}?, c5 IlocreiSov. 
 
 ITOX 'H Be croc itov 7/7? avTrj pel ; 
 
 AA$>. Nrjo-iooTis icrTi XiKeXi'y Apedovcrav avTrjv 
 KaXovatv. 20 
 
 110%. OlBa ovk ap,op(f)ov, a) AXcf>eie, tt)v 
 Apedovcrav, dXXd Biavyrjs Te Icttl Kal Bed KaOapov 
 dvaftXv^ei Kal to vBwp eiriirpeirei TaU ^rjcpLacv bXov 
 virep avTOiV (paivofievov dpyvpoeiBes. 
 
126 AOTKIANOT 
 
 AA<P. '/2? dXr/Ocos olcrda rrjv ivqyrjv, a> Uocrei- 
 Bov 'rrap ifcelvrjv ovv direp^oixai. 
 
 110%. 'AXX* airiQi fjbkv Kal evTvyei ev tg3 
 €pooTC ' i/celvo Be fxoo elire, irov rrjv ^ Apedovaav 
 5 etSe? avrbs fjuev *ApKa<; &v, r) Be ev 2vpaKovo~ai$ 
 early ; 
 
 AA$. ^Eireiyo^evov fie KaTe%eis, a> JJoaeiBoVy 
 ireplepya epcoTwv. 
 
 110%. Ev Xeyew %<*)pei irapa rrjv dyaTrcojuevrjv, 
 10 Kal dvaBvs clito rrj<; daXdrrrj^ %vvava\xiyvvQ~Q ttj 
 Trrjyfj Kal ev vBcop yiyvecrOe. 
 
 3. (5.) 
 
 IIANOIIH2 KAI TAAHNHX 
 
 HAN. Elbe?, a) TaXrjvr], %#e? ola ewolijo-ev r) 
 "Epos irapa to Belirvov ev GerraXla, Bcorc fjirj Kal 
 avrr) eKXrjOr) e? to avpuroaiov ; 
 
 15 TAA. Ov ^vveccrTi(o/jL7]v vplv eywye • 6 yap 
 FLocreiBojv eKeXevcre fjue, &> TJavoirr}, cuKv/juavTOv ev 
 tog-ovtw (frvXaTTeiv to TreXayos. rl S' ovv eirolrjaev 
 7] "Epi? firj irapovara ; 
 
 HAN. C H 0eTt? {iev rjBr) Kal 6 IlrjXevs aTreXrj- 
 
 20 XvOecrav e? tov OdXapuov vtto t?}? 'A/jL^LTpiTr]? Kal 
 tov Uoo-euBayvos 7rapa7re/JL<fidevTe<;, r) "Epis Be ev 
 roo~ovT(p XaOovcra irdvTas — eBwrjOrj Be pa,Bl(o<; i 
 
 TWV fieV TTtVOVTGOV, CVLCOV Be KpOTOVVTCOV rj TO) 
 
 'AttoXXcovl KiQapitpvTi rj rat? Movcrais aBovo~avs 
 
ENAA10I AlAAOrOL 2. S. 4. 127 
 
 irpocreyovTo^v rov vovv — evejSaXev e? to ^vparoaiov 
 /jltjXov tl irdyicaXov, j^pvaovv oXov, o> TaXrjvrj • 
 eireyeypairTo Be " r) icaXr) Xa/3er<w." KvXivBovp,evov 
 Be rovro cbairep e^eTriTrjBes rjtcev evQa ° Hpa re ical 
 A^pohirr] real ' ' AOrjvd KaTeicXLvovTO. KaireiBr) 6 5 
 ( Epfj,rjs dveXopuevos eireXe^aTo ra yeypappueva, at 
 puev Nr)pr)L&e<; rjpLeis direo-UDTrrjaapLev tl jap eBeL 
 iroielv eiceivwv irapovawv ; at Be avreiroiovvro 
 CKaarr) koX avTrjs elvai to pbrjXov rj^iovv, ical el pit] 
 ye 6 Zeiss BiearTrjo-ev avrds, ical ayjpi yeipwv av to io 
 7rpa<ypLa TTpovyjjopr]aev. dXX' eicelvos, Avrbs puev ov 
 tcpivw, $r)o-i } irepl tovtov, — Kairot etceivai avrbv 
 Bucdcrai r)£iovv — diriTe Be e? rr)v "IBrjv irapd rov 
 Upidpov iralBa, o? olBe re Biayvwvai to /cdXXiov 
 (friXo/caXos osv, koX ov/c dv e/celvos Kpivai /ca/ccos. is 
 
 TAA. Tl ovv al deal, w Tlavbirr) ; 
 
 II AN. Trjpbepov, olpiai, diriacriv e? Tr\v "IBtjv, 
 Kai tis rj^ei puerd puiicpbv dirayyeXXtov rjpLtv rr)v 
 Kparovaav. 
 
 TAA. "HBtj aol <f)r)p,L, ov/c aXXr) fcparrjaet Trj? 20 
 'AcfrpoBiTrjs dycovi^opbevr)^, rjv pur) irdvv 6 BiaLTr)Tr)$ 
 
 dpL/3XVQJTT7). 
 
 4. (12.) 
 
 AQPIA02 KAI ©ETIA02. 
 
 AfLP. Tl Bafcpveis, &> ©ere ; 
 GET. KaXXtarrjv, w Acopl, Kopr\v elBov e? 
 Kiftoirbv vtto rov Trarpbs epbj3Xr]6elaav, avrrjv re 25 
 
128 AOTKIANOT 
 
 Kal /3pe<f>os avTrj? dpTiyevvrjTOv • eKeXevae Be 6 
 7rarr}p tov<? vavras dvaXafiovTas to kl/3cotlov, 
 eireiBdv iroXv cltto t?}? 777? airoaTracrtocrLV, dfyelvai 
 e? tt]v OakaTTav, ft)? clttoXolto 7) dOXla, Kal avrrj 
 s Kal to ftpecfros. 
 
 AflP. Tlvos Be eveKa, go dBeXcf)?] ; elire, et tl 
 ep,a6e<; aKpiftais diravTa. 
 
 ©ET. e 'AKplcrLos 6 7raTr)p avTTjs KaXkio~TT)v 
 ovcrav eirapQevevev e? %aXKOvv Tiva OdXapiov 
 
 io e/n/3aXcov ' elTa, el fiev dXrjOe? ovk eyuz elirelv, 
 (feaal £' ovv tov Ala y^pvcov yevdfievov pvrjvai, Bid 
 tov opotfiov eV avTTjv, Befja/ievrjv Be eKetvrjv e? tov 
 koXttov KaTappeovTa tov Oebv eyKv/xova yeveaOac. 
 tovto alo-06/j,evo$ 6 TraTTqp, ayptos rt? Kal ^tjXotvtto^; 
 
 is yepcov, r/yavaKTrjae Kal vtto twos jxefioi^evcrOat 
 olrjdels avT7]v ififlaXXet, e? ttjv klJScdtov dpTC 
 TeTOKvlav. 
 
 AflP. r H Be tl eTTpaTTev, a> OeTi, ottotc 
 KadceTo ; 
 
 20 ©ET. 'Tirep avTrj? fxev eaiya, &> Acopt, Kal 
 ecfrepe Ti)v KaTaBtKTjv. to /3pi(j)o<; Be TraprjTetTO /nrj 
 diroOavelv BaKpvovaa Kal tc5 7ra7T7r<y BeiKVVovaa 
 avTO, KaXkiaTOv ov to Be vir dyvoias tcov KaKcov 
 v7re/jLecBla wpbs ttjv OdXaTTav. viroTTipjirXa^ai 
 
 25 avQis tovs 6(f)0a\fjLov<; BaKpvcov jivr) fiovevovcra 
 avTcov. 
 
 AflP. Kd/jue BaKpvcrab eTrolrjcras. a\V yBrj 
 TeOvdcrtv ; 
 
 ©ET. OvBa/Jbws * vrj^errai yap eVt rj /a/3a>T0? 
 
 30 djjL(j)l ttjv %ep(,<f)ov £wi>Ta? avTovs fyvXaTTOvaa. 
 
5. 129 
 
 A HP. Ti ovv ovyi cru>&ixev avrrjv tois aXievcri, 
 tovtois ep,j3aXovaaL e? ra SUrva tol? ^epKptoc^ ; 
 ol Be dvaairdaavTe^ crcoaovat Sr/Xov ore. 
 
 GET. Ev \eyecs, ovrco Troiwfiev ' fir) ydp 
 
 CLTToXio-OcO fl1]T€ aVTTJ fJLTjTe TO TTCLL&ioV OVTCO? OV S 
 
 koKov. 
 
 5. (15.) 
 ZE$YPOY KAI NOTOY. 
 
 ZE<&. Ov TTGOTTore 7ro{jL7T7]v eyco fjL€*/a\oTrpe- 
 ireo-repav elSov ev rfj OaXdrrr], aft ov ye el/xc koX 
 irvew. crv £e ovk elSe?, cj Nore ; 
 
 NOT. Tlva ravrrjv Xeyeis, co Zefyvpe, tjjv m 
 7ro/jLTnjv ; rj rives ol TrepLTrovres rjcrav ; 
 
 ZE$. 'HdecTTOV Oeu/iciTo? direXel^Orj^, olov ovk 
 av ciXXo i$oi$ en. 
 
 NOT. Ilepl T7)v epvdpav yap OdXarrav elpya- 
 %6ftr)v, eireirvevaa Ee xal fiepos rrjs 'Iv&lktjs, oaa 15 
 7rapd\ia rajs ^copa?- ovSev cvv olEa wv Xeyeis. 
 
 ZE$. 'AXXa tov Si&coviov 'Ay?jvopa olSas ; 
 
 NOT. NaL' TOV T?}? EvpGOTTT)? TTCLTepa. tL 
 
 pafp ; 
 
 ZE$. Ilepl avrrj? etceivTjs BiTjyijo-o/ial aoi. 20 
 
 NOT. Mcov 6tl 6 Zev$ epaarr]^ rife TraiSbs eic 
 iroXXov ; tovto yap Kal irdXat rj7TLO'Ta/j,7]v. 
 
 ZE<&. Ovtcovv tov fiev epcora olaOa, tcl fieTa 
 9 
 
130 A0TKIAN0T 
 
 ravra he r)hr] d/covaov. rj /xev Evpcoirr] fcareXrjXvOet, 
 eirl rrjv r]lova irai^ovaa t«? rjXiKicoTiha^ irapaXa- 
 fiovcra, 6 Zevs he Tavpco el/cdaa$ eavTOv avveirai^ev 
 avrals fcdWicrros cpaivo/juevo^ • Xeu/co? re yap rjv 
 5 a/rpt/3co? teal rd Kepara evKafXTrr)^ teal to /3\e/jLfia 
 ri/jbepos' iatapra ovv teal avrbs eirl t?}? rjlovo? teal 
 e/JLVKaro rjhiGrrov, ware ttjv Evpcoirrjv ToXfiijcraL teal 
 dvajSijvac avrov. &)? he tovto eyevero, hpofialo? 
 fiev 6 Zevs copfjLTjaev eirl ttjv ddXarrav cf>epcov avryv 
 
 io teal eviqyeTO e/jarecrcov, r) he irdvv eteirXayr]^ too 
 Trpdyfiari, rfj \aia jiev ec^ero tov tceparos, to? /jlt) 
 dirdXiaOdvoi, rfj erepa he r/vepLco fievov tov ireirkov 
 ^vvelyev. 
 
 NOT. r Hhv tovto Oea/jia elSe?, co Zecf>vpe, teal 
 
 is ipcDTi/cov, vrj^ofievov tov Ala cpepovTa ttjv dya- 
 
 7TCD/ULevr)V. 
 
 ZE<f>. Kal yLT\v tcl fieTa Tai)Ta rjhico irapd 
 woXv, co NoTe ' rj re yap OdXaTTa evOvs d/ev/jLwv 
 eyeveTO Kal ttjv ya\r)V7]v eTTLairacrafjbevr} \eiav 
 
 20 Trapelyev eavTTjv, rj/LLels he irdvTes r\crvyjiav dyovTes 
 ovhev dWo t) deaTal pbovov tcov ycyv o/mevcov Trapj]- 
 KoXovdovjjbev • "EpcoTes he TrapaireTOfievou putephv 
 ete tt}? OaXaTTT]?, co? evioTe dtepoLs tols iroalv 
 eirv^faveiv tov vhaTOS, rj/nfievas Tas hahas <fiepovT€$ 
 
 25 fjhov dfia tov vjievaiov. at, Nrjprjihes he dva- 
 hvcrai iraplirirevov eirl tcov heXcplvcov eiriKpoTovcrai 
 r)jjbiyvjjjVOL al TroWai. to Te tcov Tpurcovcov 
 yevos Kal el tl dXKo /jlt) cj>oj3epov ihelv tcov 
 OaXaTTicov diravTa irepieyopeve tt)v iralha. 6 
 
 30 fjuev yap Hoaeihcov €7rc/3e/3r]Kco<; dpfiaTos, irapo- 
 
ENAA10I AIAAOrOI. 5. 131 
 
 %ovfiei>r)v ttjv A{i(j)iTpLT7)v e-^cov irporjye yeyrjOais 
 ohoiroiwv viqyoyukviC) rS dBeX^w. eirl ttclctl Se 
 tt\v Acf)po8iTr]v 8vo TpiTcoves ecpepov eirX Koyyri^ 
 KaTaK€L/ievT]v, avOrj iravrola liriirdrrovaav rrj 
 vvficfrr). ravra Ik <&oiviKr)<; &XP L T ^ ? Kprjrrj^ 5 
 iyevero • €7rel Se eire^T] rfj vrjaw, 6 /xev ravpos 
 oufceri, efyaivero, eTrtXafiofievos $e r?}? X eL P^ ° 
 Zev<$ airfjye ttjv Evpcoirriv e? to Alktcllov avrpov 
 epvOpiwaav koX kcitco oposaav ^iriararo yap rjhr] 
 e<$> otw ayotro. rjfJLels he efiireaovre^ aAAo? aXXo ic 
 rod ireXdyovs fiepos hieKvpLaLvofjiev. 
 
 NOT. S S2 fiafcdpie Ze(f)vpe t% #ea? * eyw Se 
 ypviras kcli eXicfeavras koX fieXavas dv6 pObirovs 
 ecopcov. 
 
NEKPIKOI AIAAOrOL 
 
 1. (4.) 
 EPMOY KAI XAPONOX 
 
 EPM. Aoyt<TcojjL60a, o> iropOpuev, el Bo/eel, oirocra 1 
 fjLOL o^etXet? t/Stj, oVo)? firj avdis ipl^cofiev n irepl 
 avrwv. 
 
 XAP. AoyicrdofieOa, o) 'Epfjirj • dfieivov yap 
 5 a>pi(r6ai teal aTrpayfiovecrrepov. 
 
 EPM. "Ayicvpav ivreiXafieva) i/co/Mcra irevTe 
 Bpa-^/xcov. 
 
 XAP. IIoWou Xeyets. 
 
 EPM. Nrj tov 'AiBcwea, twv irevre CDVTjad/jLTjv, 
 io teal rpo7ro)Trjpa Bvo ojBoXwv. 
 
 XAP. TiOei irevre Bpa^/ia^ Kal bftokovs Bvo. 
 
 EPM. Kal cuceo-Tpav inrkp rod IcttIov • irevre 
 6(3o\ovs eyoa KarefiaXov. 
 
 XAP. Kal tovtovs irpoo-rlOei. 
 15 EPM. Kal Krjpbv ax? iirLirXdaac rod aKacfaBlov 
 rd dvewyora Kal tfXovs Be Kal KaXooBiov, d(j> ov 
 ttjv virepav eiroirjaa^, Bvo Bpa^jucov diravra. 
 
XEKPIK01 JIAJOrOl. 1. 133 
 
 XAP. Kal d£ia ravra covrjcrco. 
 
 EPM. Tavrd eariv, el firf ri aXXo t)fia^ 
 BieXadev ev ro5 Xoyio-fjLco. rrore B7 ovv ravra 
 drroBdocreiv $779 ; 
 
 XAP. Nvp fj.ev, o) 'Ep/jLi), dBvvarov, i)v Be 5 
 Xoi/jLO? ri? r) rroXe/xos KararrepL^rj dOpoovs nvd$, 
 evearai rbre drroKepBavac rrapa.XoyLt6p.evov rd 
 7rop6fj.€?a. 
 
 EPM. Nvv ovv eyco Ka6eBovfiai rd kuk terra 
 ev^6p.evo^ yevecrOai, o>? dp drrb rovrcov drroXd- 10 
 Poifii ; 
 
 XAP. Ovk ecrrtv dXXcos, d> *Epp.r), vvv Be oXiyoi, 
 a)? 6pa$, dcpiKvovvrac t)puv elprjvrj yap. 
 
 EPM. "Ap.eivov ovrws, el Ka\ i)plv rrapareivoiro 
 vrrb gov rb 6(f)Xr)p.a. ttXjjv d\\' ol p.ev rraXaiol, 15 
 10 Xdpcov, olava olot rrape^/iyvovro, dvBpeloc 
 drravre^, aifiaros dvdrrXew Kal rpavfiariau ol 
 rroXXor vvv he rj qbapfiaKco t(? vrrb rov 7ratSo? 
 diroOavcov rj vrrb ri)$ yvvai/cbs r) virb rpv(f>r}? 
 e^wdrjKcos ryjv yacrrepa Kal rd aKeXrj, co^pol drravres *° 
 Kal dyevveU, oviev bp.oioi eKeivois. ol Be rrXelarot 
 avrcbv Bid y^pi)p.ara t\kovglv em'fiovXevovres dXXi]- 
 Xoi$, &)<r eOLKacri. 
 
 XAP. Ildvv yap irepLrroOrjrd eari ravra. 
 
 EPM. Ovkovv ovB' eya) Bo^aifiL dv d/iaprdveiv 25 
 TTLKpus drratrtov rd ocpeiXofieva rrapd gov. 
 
134 A0TK1AN0T 
 
 2. (1.) 
 
 AIOrENOYS KAI IIOAYAEYKOY2. 
 
 AIOT. 9 /2 IloXvSevfees, evrekXofiai o~ot, eiretSdv 1 
 rdytara dveXOrjs, — gov yap eartv, ol/iat, ava- 
 ftiwvca avptov — tjv 7rov tSys Mevtirirov rov tevva, — 
 evpots 8' av avrbv ev KoplvOcp Kara to Kpdvetov rj 
 
 5 ev Avteelcp rcov ept^ovreov rrpbs dXXrjXovs (ptXoaocjxov 
 tearayeXwvra — elirelv rrpos avrov, ore o~ol, w 
 Mevtirrre, teeXevet 6 Aioyevrjs, el cot i/eavcos tcl 
 virep yfjs tearayeyeXaarat, rjteetv evOdhe iroXXco 
 irXelco eirtyeXaaofievov eteet puev yap ev dfi(j)i{36X(p 
 
 io o~ol en o yeXcos r)v teal 7roXi) to " t/? yap oXo>? 
 oiSe ret fierd rov fiiov.;" evravOa Se ov iravarf 
 /3e/3a.ta)? yeX&v tcaOdirep eyco vvv, teal ptdXtara 
 eiretSdv opas rovs irXovclovs teal carpdiras teal 
 rvpdvvovs ovreo rairetvovs teal dcrrj/jtovs, itc fjtovr]? 
 
 15 olfieoyr)? Siayivcoo-teo/jLevovs, teal ore /jbaXOateol teal 
 dyevvets etat /ie/Jtvrj pivot rwv dvco. ravra Xeye 
 avroj, teal irpoaert, €/j.7rXr}o-dpLevov rr)v irrjpav rjteetv 
 Oepfjicov re ttoXXcov teal el itov evpot ev rfj rptohco 
 'EfedTrjs Setirvov teelfievov rj epbv ete teaOapcrtov rj rt 
 
 20 TOtOVTOV. 
 
 HO A. *AXX y dirayyeXo) ravra, w A toy eves* 2 
 07Tft>? he elSa) pidXtara, oirolos rk ecrrt rrjv o-yjrtv. 
 
 AIOT. Tepcov, (fraXatepos, rptj3covtov e^cov iroXv- 
 
 Ovpov, diravrt dvefitp dvairerrrapuevov teal rat? 
 
 25 eirtirrv^als r<ov patetcov irotteiXov, yeXa 8' del teal 
 
NEKPIKOI AlAylOrOI. 2. 135 
 
 ra rroXXa rovs dXa^ovas tovtovs cfriXocrocpovs 
 
 ilTlG fCa)7TT€L. 
 
 TIOA. 'PaSiov evpeiv drrb ye rovrcov. 
 
 AIOT. BovXet Kal rrpbs avrovs ifcelvovs ivrei- 
 Xwjjlcll n tovs (friXocrocfiovs ; 5 
 
 TIOA. Aeye' ov (3apv yap ovSe rovro. 
 
 AIOT. To jjbev oXov rravaacrOai avroh rrapeyyva 
 Xr/povcrL Kal rrepl rwv bXwv epl^ovac Kal Kepara 
 <f>vovcnv dXXr/Xots Kal KpoKoSetXow; rroiovcri Kal ra 
 rotavra diropa ipwrdv ScBda /cover 1 rbv vovv. «o 
 
 TIOA. 'AW* €fjL6 dfiaOr) Kal diraihevrov elvcu 
 (p^aovat Karr/yopovvra rfjs cro(f)la<; avrcov. 
 
 AIOT. 2v Be olfjboo^etv avrols Trap 1 e/jiov Xeye. 
 
 TIOA. Kal ravra, co Aibyeves, dirayyeXw. 
 
 AIOT. Tol? ttXovctiols 8\ oi (f>iXrarov TIoXv- 15 
 Sev/CLOV, dirdyyeXXe ravra Trap rj/nwv ■ ri, co 
 fxdraioL, rbv ypvaov (frvXdrrere ; ri 8e rifiwpelaOe 
 eavrovs Xoyt^o/jLevoi rovs tokovs Kal rdXavra eirl 
 raXdvrois crvvriQevre^, o£>? yprj eva oftoXbv eyovras 
 tf/ceiv fier oXlyov ; 20 
 
 TIO A. Elptjaerat Kal ravra rrpbs eKelvovs. 
 
 AIOT. 'AXXa Kal rots KaXols re Kal Icryypol^ 
 Xeye, MeylXXco re rS KoptvOiw Kal Aafio^evw rco 
 rraXaicrrfj, on Trap rj/xiv ovre r) £ai>drj kojultj ovre 
 rd yaporra r) fxeXava ofi/iara i) epvdrjfjia eirl rov 25 
 rrpoaooTTOv en ecrriv rj vevpa evrova rj oipboi 
 Kaprepoi, dXXd irdvra fita Mvkovos, <f)acrl, Kpavia 
 yvfivd rov KaXXovs. 
 
 TIOA. Ov yaXeTrbv ovhe ravra elirelv rrpbs rovs 
 KaXovs Kal Icryypovs. 30 
 
136 AOTKIANOT 
 
 AIOT. Kal tols rrevrjcrcv, a> Aukcov, — 7ro\\ol 
 S' elal Kal dyObfxevoi rco rrpdyfiari Kal OLKrelpovres 
 rrjv diroplav — Xeye firfre BaKpveiv purjre ol/xco^ecv 
 BtTjyrjo-d/jLevos rrjv evravOa laort/jLiav, Kal ore 
 5 o-yjrovrac rovs €Kel rrkovcriovs ovBev dfielvovs avrcov • 
 Kal AaKehaLfJLOVLOL? Be rot? aol<; ravra, el Bokcl, 
 Trap 1 6/j.ov €7ririfir)crov Xeycov etcXeXvaOai avrovs. 
 
 FLO A. MrjBev, 3) Aibyeves, rrepl AaKeBaifiovicov 
 Xeye' ov yap ave^o/iai ye. a Be rrpbs rovs aXXovs 
 io e(p7]a0a, drrayyeXu*. 
 
 AIOT. ^Edaco/xev tovtovs, eirei aoi BoKel' crv 
 Be oh irpoeliTov direveyKOv irap ifiov rovs Xoyou?. 
 
 3. (10.) 
 
 XAPON02 KAI EPMOY KAI NEKPQN AIA$OPON. 
 
 XAP. ' 'AKovcrare go? e^ec r)plv ra rrpdyfiara. 
 is fitKpbv fiev rjjjLLVy &>? 6 pare, rb o-Ka<fiiBtov Kal 
 inrbcraOpbv ecrrt Kal Biappel ra rroXXd, Kal rjv 
 rparrfj errl Odrepa, ol^qcrerai rrepirpairev, vfiel<; Be 
 ap,a rocrovrot rjKere iroXXa eirL^epo/jievoL eKacrros. 
 rjv ovv /juera rovrcov epL(3r)re, BeBca firj vcrrepov 
 20 fjLeravor](rr)T€, Kal fidXiara oizoaoi velv ovk eVt- 
 aracrOe. 
 
 EPM. JTco? ovv irotrjaavre^ evrrXorjo-o/jLev ; 
 
 XAP. 'Eya) v/jLlv cf)pdo-(D ' yv/jbvov? errifiai- 
 veuv yjpr) to, irepurra ravra rrdvra errl rrjs r]6vo$ 
 
NEKPIKOI AlAAOrOI. 2. 3. 137 
 
 KCLTOklTTOVTaS ' fl6\lS yap CLV KCU, OVTCO? hefjcUTO 
 
 vfjLCL? to iropOpuelov. crol he, 0) e Epp,rj, fjbeXrjcrei to 
 curb tovtov /xrjSeva TTapaZiyeaQ cll avTcov, 0? av /xtj 
 i/ r t\o? y kcu to, eiTLirXa, ioairep ecf)r]v, a7ro/3a\cov. 
 irapa he tt\v ciTroftaOpav ecrro)? hiaylvcoaKe clvtovs 5 
 teal ava\dfi(Save yvp,vovs eiufiaiveiv dvayKa^cov. 
 
 EPM. Ev Xeyets, kcu ovto) iroirjo-ojfiev. — 
 OvToal Tt? o irptoTos eo~Ti ; 
 
 MEN. MevLTrTros eycoye. aXX Ihoij rj ir-qpa fioi, 
 
 O) 'EpflTj, KCU TO ftdfCTpOV 6? T7]V \l'fjLV7]V Cl7T€ppL(f>6(OV ' 10 
 
 top Tpi/3(ova he ovhe eKopuaa ev iroioiv. 
 
 EPM. "E/iffcuve, & MeviiTTre dvhpaiv apicrTe, 
 kcu T7)V irpoehplav irapa tov Kv(3epvn c jT7)v e%e €</>' 
 v^ttjXov, cos* eiricncoTrfis diravTa^. 6 icakbs 8' ovtos 
 t/? ecTTt ; is 
 
 XAP. Xap/jLoXecos 6 Meyapucbs 6 eirepacrTos, 
 ov to (f)[\r}/ia hiTaXavTov rjv. 
 
 EPM 'AirohvOi Toiyapovv to KaXXos kcu tcl 
 XeiXr] clvtoIs fyCkrjfiao-L kcu ttjv Kop,r)v tt\v /3a6eiav 
 kcu to e7rl tcov Trapeiwv epvQr\p.a kcu to hepfia oXov. 20 
 %X ei K-a^tes, ev^covos el, eirlficuve 77877. he tt\v 
 TTopcfrvpiha oiiToal kcu to hidhr)fxa, 6 fiXocrvpos, t/? 
 cov Tvy^dveis ; 
 
 AAMU. Adfjarixp^ TeXaicov TVpavvos. 
 
 EPM. TI ovv, co Adixiriyey TOcravTa eywv 25 
 irdpei ; 
 
 AAMU. Ti ovv ; ixpr)v, co 'Ep/irj, yvfivbv r\neiv 
 Tvpavvov avhpa ; 
 
 EPM. Tvpavvov /jiev ovhapLQe*;, veKpbv he jidXa' 
 
 COCTT€ CLTToOoV TdVTa. 3° 
 
138 AOTKIANOT 
 
 AAMU. 'IBov ltoi 6 ttXovto? dTreppnrrai. 
 
 EPM. Kal tov rvcpov diroppi^rov, to Adfimye, 
 Kal rrjv virepo-^riav ■ fiaprjaeL jap to rropOfielov 
 crvvefiirecrovra. 
 5 AAMU. Ovkovv aWa rb BudB^fxa eaadv fie 
 eyeiv Kal rr\v efyearpiBa. 
 
 EPM. OuBaficos, aWa Kal ravra afes. 
 
 AAMU. Elev. rl en ; irdvra yap dfyrjKa, &>? 
 op as. 
 io EPM. Kal T7)v cofiorrjra Kal rrjv avoiav Kal rr\v 
 vftpiv Kal tt]v opyrjv, Kal ravra ac/>e?. 
 
 AAMU. 'IBov croc yjriXos elfit. 
 
 EPM. "Efiftaive 7]Sr). crv Be 6 ira^y?, 6 7ro\u- 
 crapKo? rk el ; 
 is AAM. Aafiacrlas 6 dOXTjrrj^. 
 
 EPM. Nat, eoiKas • olBa yap ere TroWd/ei? ev 
 rah iraXalarpais IBcov. 
 
 AAM. Nat, co 'Ep/jLrj • aWa irapdBe^ai fie 
 yv/JLvov ovra. 
 20 EPM. Ob yvjivov, Si fieXriare, rocravras erapKas 
 TrepiPeftXrjjjLevov ware diroBvOu avrds, eirel Kara- 
 Bvcrei? to GKafyos tov erepov iroBa virepOels fiovov 
 aXka Kal rov<$ arecjidvovs rovrovs airoppi^ov Kal 
 ra KTjpvjfiara. 
 25 AAM. 'IBov vol yvfivos, a>? 6pa<$, dXrjOcos elfii 
 Kal lo-oo-rdaios rol? aWois veKpols. 
 
 EPM. Ovtcds dfxeivov d/3apij elvai • coo-re 
 
 efi(3acve. Kal crv Be tov irXovrov arroOefievos, Si 
 
 Kpdrcov, Kal rrfv fiaXaKiav Be irpocreri Kal rrjv 
 
 30 rpvcf>r}v firjBe ra evrdcpia KOfic^e firjBe ra rcov 
 
NEKPIKOI AIAAOTOI. 3. 139 
 
 irpoyovwv d^tcofiara, KaTaXare Be /ecu yevos /ecu 
 B6£av Kal et irore ere r) ttqXis dveK7]pv£e /ecu tcl<z 
 twv dvBptdvTwv eiriypafyds, firjSe, otl p,eyav rd<pov 
 eiri goi eywcrav, Xeye • ftapvvei yap Kal ravra 
 fivrj/jLovevo/jbeva. s 
 
 KPAT. Ov%. i/coop fie'v, diroppL^jrco Be' tl yap 
 av Kal irddoifju ; 
 
 7 EPM. Ba/3at erv Be 6 evoirXos tl ftovXei ; rj 
 tl to rpoiraiov tovto (frepeis ; 
 
 ZTPATHIOZ. "Otl eviK-qcra, co 'Epurj, Kal 10 
 r)pLo~Tevo~a Kal rj ttoXls irip,T]ae fie. 
 
 EPM. "A(f>e$ vrrep yrjs to Tpoiratov ■ ev aBov 
 
 8 yap elpr]VT) Kal ovBev oirXwv Berjcrei. crepvo<s Be 
 ovtos diro ye tov ayrjfjLaTO^ Kal fipevdvopevos, 
 Ta9 ofypvs €7rr]pK(D<;, 6 eirl tcov (fipovTiBcov Tt? io~Tiv, 15 
 o tov /3adi)v TTcoycova Kadeifievos ; 
 
 MEN. <Pi\6cro(f>6s ri?, co 'Epfxrj, pdXXov Be 
 707/9 Kal TepaTeias pecrTOs ■ cocrre diroBvaov Kal 
 tovtov 6\frei yap 7roXXa Kal yeXola vtto too ip.aTi(p 
 crKeirofieva. 20 
 
 EPM. ' AiroQov av to ayijpa irpcoTov, etra Kal 
 TavTl TrdvTa. co Zev, oarjv pev ttjv dXa^oveiav 
 Kopl^ec, oarjv Be dpLaOtav Kal epLV Kal KevoBo^iav 
 Kal epcoTrjaeis diropovs Kal Xoyovs aKavdcoBeis Kal 
 evvola? ttoXvttXokovs, dXXa Kal p,aTaiOTroviav 25 
 fidXa ttoXXtjv Kal Xijpov ovk oXtyov Kal vOXovs 
 Kal piKpoXoylav, vrj Ala Kal ypvaiov ye tovtI 
 Kal r)Bvird6eiav Be Kal dvaicryyvTiav Kal opyrjv Kal 
 Tpvcf)r]v Kal pLaXaKiav ' ov XeXrjOe ydp pe, el Kal 
 /idXa irepLKpxnrTeis avTa. Kal to yjrevBos Be diroOov 30 
 
140 A0TKIAN0T 
 
 Kal tov rv(j>ov Kal to oleaQai djxeivwv elvai tcoV 
 dXXcov co? ei ye ravra irdvTa e^cov e^jBair)^, iroia 
 irevTTjKOvropo^ he^aLTo av ae ; • 
 
 $IA. ^ATToriOefJiai toivvv avrd, eireiirep ovrco 
 s KeXevew. 
 
 MEN. *AXXd Kal tov irooycova tovtov aTroOiaOco, 
 co 'Epfjbf), ftapvv re ovra Kal Xdaiov, co? opa?* irevre 
 fival rpiyfiv elcn TovXdyicrTov. 
 
 EPM. Ev Xeyeus' diroOov Kal tovtov. 
 io $IA. Kal t/? o aTroiceipwv ecrTai ; 
 
 EPM. Mevariro^ ovtoctI Xaftcov ireXeKuv twv 
 vav7rr)<yiKGov airoKO^eL clvtov eiriKoircd tj} cnrofiaQpa, 
 Xprjcrdfievo?. 
 
 MEN. Ovk, 0) 'EpfiTJ, dXXa nrplovd jjloi dvdSos • 
 is yeXoioTepov yap tovto. 
 
 EPM. * TreXe/cvs Itcavos. — ev ye. dvOpwrri- 
 vcoTepo? vvv dvaire^>T)va^ diroQeybevos aavTov rrjv 
 Kivdftpav. 
 
 MEN. BovXev [Aiicpbv dcfreXcofiai, Kal twv 
 20 6<fipvcov ; 
 
 EPM. MdXiGTa • virep to ixeTcairov yap Kal 
 
 TavTas eTrrjpfcev, ovk olSa e</>' otu> dvaTeivcov eavTOV. 
 
 ti tovto ; Kal SaKpvets, o) KaOap/xa, Kal irpo<^ 
 
 OdvaTOV diroheiXia^ ; e/iftrjOt, & ovv. 
 
 25 MEN. *Ev €Ti to /3apvTaTov vito fidXr)? e^et. 
 
 EPM. Ti, co Mevtirire ; 
 
 MEN. KoXaKetav, co r Ep/xrj, iroXXa xpTjo-tfjuev- 
 aacrav avTco ev tco (Bi(ji. 
 
 $IA. Oukovv Kal av, co Meviirire, airoOov tt)v 
 30 eXevOepiav Kal irapp^crlav Kal to dXvirov Kal to 
 
NEKPIKOI AIAAOrOl. 3. 141 
 
 yevvalov Kal tov yeXcoTa * fiovos yovv tcov aXKcov 
 yeXas. 
 
 EPM. M 77 Sa/jLcos, dXXd teal e^e ravra, Kov(f>a 
 yap Kal irdvv etxpopa ovra /cat 7rpo? rov KardirXovv 
 
 10 xprjo-tfia. Kal 6 prjrwp Be av clttoOov tcov prjfidrcov 5 
 rrjv rocravTrjv direpavToXoyiav /cal avTiOecrecs teal 
 7rapccra)<rec<; ical irepioBovs Kal f3ap{3apcafiov<$ zeal ra 
 aXXa ftdpr) tcov Xoycov. 
 
 PUT. *Hv IBov, diTOT [Sepal. 
 
 EPM. Ev eyei> ' ware Xve rd diroyeia, rrjv 10 
 diroftdOpav dveXcofxeOa, to dy/cvptov dveairdcrOco, 
 ireracrov to Igtlov, evOuve, co 7rop0fj,ev, to irr]BdXiov' 
 
 11 evTrXoco/xev. tL olfico^eTe, to fidTaioc, Kal pudXiaTa 
 6 cpcXoaoipos crv 6 dpTtcos tov ircoycova BeBrjco- 
 fjuevos ; 15 
 
 $IA. rr Otl, co ( Epp,rj, dddvaTOV co/jltjv ttjv 
 yjrv^rjv vTrdp^etv. 
 
 MEN. WevBeTac aXXa yap eouce Xwirelv avTov. 
 
 EPM. Td irola ; 
 
 MEN. "Otl /jLTj/ceTt Beiirvrjcrei 7roXvTeXrj Belirva 20 
 fjirjBe vvKTcop e^icov diravTas XavOdvcov tco IfxaTLCp 
 rrjv KecpaXrjv fcaTeiXrjaras irepleicnv ev kvkXco t<z 
 yapbaiTvirela, Kal ecoOev e^airaTcov toi>? veovs 
 eVl Tjj ao(j>la dpyvpiov Xr\^eTai • TavTa Xvirel 
 avTov. 25 
 
 <PIA. %v yap, co Meviirire, ovk a%6r) diro- 
 davcov ; 
 
 MEN. ITw?, 0? eairevaa eirl tov OdvaTov 
 
 12 KaXeaavTos fir)Bev6<; ; aXXa fieTa^v Xoycov ov Kpavyrj 
 tis aKoveTac toenrep tlvcov dirb yf}<; (Bocovtcov ; 30 
 
142 AOTKIANOT 
 
 EPM. Nal, w Mevnnre, ov/c ac/>' eVo? ye yuspiov, 
 d\\' oi fjuev e? ttjv ifc/cXrjo-lav avvekdovres aap,evoi 
 ye\(oo~t, Trdvres eirl rS Aapjiriyov Oavdray teal rj 
 yvvrj avrov crvve^erai irphs rcov yvvaiK&v Kal tcl 
 s iracBla veoyva, ovra ojulolojs /catcelva virb tcjv iraiBwv 
 fidWerai a<f>66voL$ tols \i6ols • aXkot, Be Aio<f>av- 
 tov rbv prjropa eiraivovaiv ev ^lkvcjvc eiriTafyiovs 
 \6yov<; Bie^iovta eirl Kpdrcovi tovtg). Kal vrj Ala 
 ye 7) Aa/xao-lov p>iJT7}p KcoKvovcra e^dpyei rov 
 io Oprjvov <tvv yvvai^lv eirl ra> Aafiaala' ere Be, a> 
 Mevnnre, ovBels BaKpvei, icaO' rjorv^lav Be icelaai 
 
 fJLOVO?, 
 
 MEN. OvBa/j,a>s, dXX? aicovcrr) tojv kvvgjv fxer 13 
 b\(yov wpvofievayv oIktlo-tov eir ifiol Kal rcov 
 
 IS KOpCLKWV TVTTTO/JLeVCOV TCH? TTTepols, OTTOTaV (TVVgX' 
 
 dovres Odirrcoal fie. 
 
 EPM. TevvdBa? el, co Mevnnre. a\X itrel 
 Kara7re7r\evKafiev [^el?], vfiels fiev airne 7rpo? to 
 BiKaa-TTjpLov evOelav itceivrjv irpoiovres, eya> Be Kal 
 
 20 o TTopOfxevs aXkovs /nereXevcrofieda. 
 
 MEN. EvirXoelre, a> t Epp,r\ • irpotoDfjiev Be Kal 
 r}/uel<;. ri ovv en Kal fieXXere ; irdvrco^ BiKavQr)vai 
 Berjaei, Kal ra<? KaraBtKa? <f>acrlv elvai ftapetas, 
 Tpo^ovs Kal Xfflovs Kal yviras • Bec^drjo'eTai, Be o 
 
 25 eKacTTOV /3/o? d/ept/3w?. 
 
NEKPIKOI dlAylOrOL 3. 4. 143 
 
 4. (22.) 
 XAP0N02 KAI MENIIIIIOY. 
 
 XAP. \47ToSo?, <y Kardpare, ra iropQjxela. 
 
 MEN. Boa, el tovto aoi, 00 Xdpcov, tjSlov. 
 
 XAP. 'Airohos, (frrj/jLL, dvO' 03V ere BieTropOjjbev- 
 <ra\iev. 
 
 MEN. Ovk av Xa/9ot? rrapd rod fur] eyovTO?. 5 
 
 XAP. "Ecrri Se tls 6/3o\bv pbrj eywv ; 
 
 MEN. El fiev teal ak\o<; ris ovk olSa, eyco 
 o ovk e%co. 
 
 XAP. Kal fJLVjv dy^co o~e vri tov IIXovTcova, &> 
 fiLape, rjv /jltj a7roSc5?. 10 
 
 MEN. Kdyco tc5 £v\w o~ov Trard^as Bia\vo-(o 
 to Kpaviov, 
 
 XAP. Mdrrjv ovv ear) TreTrXevKcos roaovrov 
 ttXovv. 
 
 MEN, '0 'Ep/jbrj? virep ifiov [aot] diroSoTQ), 15 
 $? fie irapehwKe crou 
 
 EPM. Nrj At o)vd/jbt]V ye, el fjueXXa) Kal 
 virepeKTiveiv tcov veKpcov. 
 
 XAP. Ovk air oarrrjero fiat crov. 
 
 MEN. Tovtov ye eveKa Kal veoikK-qaa^ to 20 
 wopOfxelov Trapd/ieve % 7rXr)v dXX* ye /xrj e%co, 
 7TW? av XdftoL? ; 
 
 XAP. Hv 8' ovk rj Set? C09 KOfjuL^eaOat heov ; 
 
 MEN. "Hi&eiv fiev, ovk el^ov he. ri ovv ; 
 €XPV V ^* t °vto fjbr) diroQavelv ; 25 
 
144 AOTKIANOT 
 
 XAP. Movos ovv av'xfjGeis irpolKa ireirXev- 
 tcivcu ; 
 
 MEN. Ob Trpoiica, w ffeXrcorre' Kal yap 
 TjvrXrjcra Kal t?)? kcdttt)? avveireXajBofi^v Kal ov/c 
 s k/cXaov fiovos tcjv aXXcov eiriftaTcov. 
 
 XAP. OvBev ravra 7rpbs iropOfiea' tov oftoXbv 
 airoBovvai ae Bel' ov defies aXXcos yeveaOai. 
 
 MEN. Oukovv airaye fie avdts e? tov filov. 
 
 XAP. Xdpiev Xeyecs, ha Kal TrXrjyas iirl tovtoj 
 io irapa tov AlaKOi) irpoaXdfBco, 
 
 MEN. Mr) ivoxkeu ovv. 
 
 XAP. Ael^ov Tfc ev rfj irr\pq e^et?. 
 
 MEN. Qepfiovs, el deXeis, zeal ttJ? 'E/cdTTjs to 
 
 BeiTTVOV. 
 
 is XAP. TLoQev tovtov rjfilv, w 'Epfirj, tov Kvva 
 tfyayes ; oca Be Kal eXdXec Trap a tov ttXovv tcjv 
 eTnftaTcbv airdvTwv KaTayeXcov Kal e7rcaKco7TTCov 
 Kal fiovos aBcov olfico^ovTcov eKelvcov. 
 
 EPM. 'Ayvoeis, w Xdpcov, ovTiva avBpa Bieirop- 
 20 Ofievaas ; eXevOepov aKpijSchs, KovBevbs avTG) fieXei. 
 ovtos io-TLV 6 Meviiriros. 
 
 XAP. Kal firiv av ae Xdf3(o iroTe — 
 MEN. *Av XdPw, & fieXTio-Te' BU Be ovtc av 
 Xa/3ot?. 
 
NEKPIKOI AlAAOrOL 4. 5. 145 
 
 5. (20.) 
 MENinnOY KAI AIAKOY. 
 
 MEN. IIpos rod UXovtcovos, co AlaKe, irepirj- 
 <yr)o~ac fioc ra iv aBov irdvra. 
 
 AIAK. Ou pdBtov, co Meviirire, diravra • oaa 
 fjievroL KecpaXaicoBr], fidvOave ■ ovrocrl fiev on 
 Kepftepos icrnv olada, teal rbv iropOfiea rovrov, 0? 5 
 ae Bieirepacre, Kal rrjv Xijjlvtjv zeal rbv IlvpicpXeye- 
 Oovra ySrj ecopaKas ecncov. 
 
 MEN. OlBa ravra Kal ere, ore rrvXcopels, Kal 
 rbv fiaaiXea elBov Kal ra? 'Epcvvs ' rov<; Be 
 dvdpcorrovs jjlol tou? irdXai Bel^ov Kal fidXiara 10 
 tov$ evBotjovs avrcov. 
 
 AIAK. Ovtos puev 'Aya/jbe/ivcov, ovros Be 'A-ftiX- 
 Xevs, ovros Be 'IBo/ieveus ttXtjctlov, ovro<; Be 
 'OBvcrcrevs, elra Alas ical AiofiyjBrjs Kal ol dpicrroi 
 rcov e EXXr)vcov. is 
 
 MEN. Baf3al, co "Ofi^pe, old croi rcov pa^rcpBicov 
 ra KecpdXata ya}ial epptirrai dyvcoara Kal dfiopcpa, 
 Kovis irdvra Kal Xr/pos ttoXvs, dfievrjvd co? dXr]6co<? 
 Kaprjva. ovros Be, co AlaKe, r/? dart, ; 
 
 AIAK. Kvpos icrnv ■ ovros Be Kpoleros, 20 
 8* virep avrbv StapBavdiraXXos, 6 8' inrep tovtovs 
 MiBas, eKelvos Be Hepf???. 
 
 MEN. Elra ere, co KaOapfia, rj ( EXXd$ ecppirre 
 ^evyvvvra /xev rbv ' EXXrjcnrovrov, Bed Be rcov bpcov 
 irXelv eTridvfjLOvvra ; olo$ Be Kal 6 Kpolaos dare. 25 
 10 
 
146 AOTKIANOT 
 
 tqv ^apBavdiraXXov be, a> AlaKe, irard^ai /iol 
 Kara Kopp7]$ eiriTpe^ov. 
 
 AIAK. Mr)$a/j,Q)$ ' BiaOpinrreis yap avrov to 
 Kpaviov yvvaiKelov ov. 
 s MEN. Ovkovv dXXa TrpoaiTTva-oixai ye irdvTWS 
 dvBpoyvva) ye ovti. 
 
 AIAK. BovXet arol einBetf;(D Kal tov<$ crocj)ov<; ; 
 MEN. Ny Ala ye. 
 
 AIAK. IT/3c3to? ovto<$ croc 6 IIv6ay6pa<? ecrrt. 
 io MEN. Xaipe, a> Ev(j>op(3e tj 'AiroXkov rj 6 ri 
 av eOeXrjs. 
 
 UT&. N-rj Ala Kal crv ye, a> Meviirire. 
 MEN. OvKero ^pva-ovs 6 firipos earC vol ; 
 TITQ. Ov yap • dXXa <f>epe IBco el' tl croc 
 is iBcoScfjiov 7) 7T7jpa €%eo. 
 
 MEN. KvafAovs, (byade ■ So~re ov tovto aoc 
 eBcoBifiov. 
 
 UTS. Ab<i fjbovov aXXa nrapa vetcpols Boyfiara* 
 efia6ov yap, a>? ovBev to~ov Kvafioi Kal Ke<paXal 
 20 toktjwv evddBe. 
 
 AIAK. Ovto? Be %oXcov 6 ^E^rjKecrrlBov Kal 
 GaXr)$ eKelvo? Kal irap avrovs Utrra/co? Kal ol 
 aXXoc €7rrd Be irdvres elo~lv &>? opa?. 
 
 MEN. 'AXvttol, w AlaKe, ovtoi fiovoi Kal <j>aiBpol 
 25 t(ov aXXcov. 6 Be cnroBov irkem? wcnrep eyKpvfylas 
 apros, 6 t<x? <j)\vKTalva<; ei;r)vdr)K(b<;, rfc eanv ; 
 
 AIAK. 'EfJLTreBoKXris, a> Mevtirire, r][xle<f>6os diro 
 Trjs Aitwi? irapcav. 
 
 MEN. "*{! yuXKoirov ^eXrca-re, tL iradciov 
 30 o-avrbv €9 tov$ Kparrjpas eve/3 aXes ; 
 
NEKPIKOI AIAAOrOI. 5. 147 
 
 EMU. MeXay%oXia Tt?, o> Meviirire. 
 
 MEN. Ou pa AC, dXXa KevoBo^ia Kal tv<J>os 
 Kal ttoXXtj KOpv^a, ravrd ae dirrjvOpaKwaev 
 avTais Kp7]irl(Ttv ovk dvd^iov ovra ■ ifkrjv dXlC 
 ovoev ae to a6(f>ia/jua covqaev ' i$wpa6r)<; yap 5 
 reOv€Ct)<;. 6 ^coKpdrrj<; 8e, 3> Ala/ce, irov irore dpa 
 iarlv ; 
 
 AIAK. Mera NeaTopos Kal UaXapLr)8ovs i/ceLvos 
 Xrjpel rd iroXXd. 
 
 MEN. f/ 0/xo)? e/3ovX6/njv loetv avTOVy el irov 10 
 ivddSe early. 
 
 AIAK. 'Opa? rov (f>a\afcp6v ; 
 
 MEN. " Airavres cf)a\afcpoi elaiv coare irdvrwv 
 av etrj tovto to yvcopiafxa. 
 
 AIAK. Tov ac/xbv Xeyco* 15 
 
 MEN. Kal tovto ofioiov at/jbol yap airavTes. 
 
 2f2K. 'E/jue ^rjTeU, &> Meviirire ; 
 
 MEN. Kal fidXa, w Hco/cpaTes. 
 
 %fLK. Tl Ta ev " AQiqvais ; 
 
 MEN. II0XX0I twv vecov fytXoaofyelv Xiyovai, 20 
 Kal rd ye a^ijfiaTa avra Kal Ta ftaBlafiaTa el 
 OedaatTO tis, aKpoi (^tXoaocfsoc. 
 
 %£IK. MdXa ttoXXoxjs ecopaKa. 
 
 MEN. AXXa ecopaKas, olfxai, olos rJKe irapa aol 
 ApiaTnTTros Kal IIXutcov auTo?, 6 fjbev dwoTrvecov 25 
 fivpov, Be tovs ev SiKeXia Tvpdvvovs Oepaireveiv 
 eKfiaOoov. 
 
 XflK. Tlepl efiov Be tl (f>povovacv ; 
 
 MEN. EvBacfjLcov, c5 ScoKpaTes, avQpwTros el 
 ra ye Toiavra' irdvTes yovv ae Qavp^dacov oXovrai 30 
 
148 AOTKIANOT 
 
 dvBpa yeyevrjaOat Kal rrdvra iyvcoKevac Kal ravra — 
 Bel yap, olfjuai, rdXrjOrj Xeyeiv — ovBev elBora. 
 
 HI2K. Kal clvtos efyacncov ravra rrpbs avrovs, 
 01 Be elpwveiav wovro ro Trpay/jua elvai. 
 5 MEN. Tlves Be elaiv ovroi ol irepl ere ; 
 
 %f2K. XapfilBrj^, w Meviirire, Kal $alBpo<; Kal 
 o rod Kkeiviov. 
 
 MEN. Ev ye, w HcoKpares, on KavravOa fierei, 
 rrjv aavrov reyyr\v Kal oxjk dXiycopec? rcov KaXcov. 
 io 2S2K. Tl yap av aXko rjBiov rrpdrroiyui ; aWct 
 itXtjctlov tj/jlcov KaraKeiao, el BoKel. 
 
 MEN. Ma AC, eVel irapa rov Kpolaov Kal rov 
 ^apBavdiraWov direipui ir\r)criov OLKijacov avroov 
 eoiKa yovv oxjk okiya yeXdcrecrdai olfxco^ovrcov 
 
 15 CLKOVCOV. 
 
 AIAK. Kayco rjBr) direipbi, pJt) Kal Tt? 77/ia? 
 
 veKpcbv Xddrj Btacfrvycbv. rd Xocird S* eaavdt<; b'tyei, 
 a> Mevnnre. 
 
 MEN. "AttlOl' Kal ravrl yap iKavd, <b AlaKe. 
 
 6. (2.) 
 nAOYTON H KATA MENIIIIIOY. 
 
 KPOIH. Ov (pepofiev, &> IlXovrcov, Mevirnrov 1 
 rovrovl rov Kvva rrapoiKOvvra* cbcrre r) eKelvov rroi 
 Kardcrrrjaov rj rjfiels fxeroLKrjaofiev e? erepov roirov. 
 
 UAOYT. Tl B' vfia? Beivbv ipyd^erai 6[ioveKpo<; 
 cov ; 
 
NEKPIKOI AlAAOrOL 5. 6. 149 
 
 KP0I2. 'ElTeiBdv T)/jL€IS OL/JL(t)£(0fJ,€V Kal CTTeVCOfieV 
 
 eKelvcov /jL6/jLvt]/jL€voi tcov dvco, MtBas /xev ovroal 
 tov yjpvcriov, ^apBavdiraXXo? Be Tr}<; iroXXrj<; 
 Tpvcfrfjs, iyco Be Kpolo~o<; tcov drjaavpcov, einyeXa 
 Kal e^oveiBl^ei dvBpdiroBa /ecu KaOdpfiara r)/jLa$ 5 
 diroKaXwv, evioje Be Kal aBcov eiTLTapaTTei tj/jlcov 
 rd<; ol/jLcoyds, Kal oXcos XvTrrjpos ean. 
 
 UAOTT. Ti ravrd cfracriv, co Mevarire ; 
 
 MEN. 'AXrjdrj, &> TIXovtcov fjuaco yap avrovs 
 dyevvels Kal oXeOpow; ovras, oh ovk dwe-^prjae (Slco- 10 
 vat /ca/cco?, dXXa teal diroOavovres en fie {jlvt) prat koX 
 irepieyovTat tcov dvco * ^alpa Totyapovv dvicov avrovs. 
 
 IIAOTT. 'AXX* ov XP 7 ! ' XvirovvTai yap ov 
 fjiifcpwv arepo/ievoL. 
 
 MEN. Kal av fjLcopatveis, co TIXovtcov, oyLto^^^o? 15 
 tov tols tovtcov tTTevaypLols ; 
 
 IIAOTT. OvBa/jicos, a\V ovk dv ideXoifii 
 arao-id^eiv v/xd^. 
 
 MEN. Kal firjv, co /cdfCMTTOi AvBtov Kal <J>pvya)v 
 Kal ^ Aaavpicov, ovtco ytvcoaKere co? ovBe 7ravo~o/j,evov 20 
 fiov • evOa yap dv Lyre, aKoXovdijcrco dvicov Kal 
 KardBcov Kal KarayeXcov. 
 
 KP0I2. Tavra ov% v/3pt<; ; 
 
 MEN. Ovk, dXX' eKelva v(3pi<; tjv, a vfiel? 
 eiroLelre, irpocrKwelo-Qai d^iovvres Kal eXevOepois 25 
 dvBpdaiv ivTpvcpcovTes Kal tov davdrov to irapdirav 
 ov fivrj/jbovevovres ■ rotyapovv oljJbco^eaOe TrdvTcov 
 eKelvcov dcftrjprjfievoi. 
 
 KPOIHi. IIoXXcov ye, co 6eoi, Kal fxeydXcov 
 KTrj/Adrcov. 30 
 
150 A0TKIAN0T 
 
 MIA. f/ 0o~ov fiev iyo) xpvcrov. 
 
 SAP A. f/ 0<rr)<; Be iycb rpv(f>rj<;. 
 
 MEN. Ev ye, ovrco irotelre • 6Bvpea6e fiev 
 v/jieis, iyoa Be to <yvco0L cavrbv itoWclku; o-vvetpcov 
 5 eiracrofxai vfilv irpeiroi yap av rais tolclvtcu? 
 ol/j,6oyals eiraBofievov* 
 
 7. (18.) 
 MENinnOY KAI EPMOY, 
 
 MEN. Ttov Be ol kclXol elo~iv rj at tcdkai, 
 'Ep/Jif) ; ^evdyrjaov fxe verjkvv ovra. 
 
 EPM* Ou o-%o\t] fjuoi, £ Meviinre* TrXrjv tear 
 
 io e/celvo aTTofiXeyjrov, iirl ra Be%id, evOa 6 'TdtcivOos 
 
 re eari Kal Ndp/ciaoio<; Kal Nipev? kol ^A^cWev^ 
 
 Kal Tvpo) Kal 'EXevrj Kal ArjBa Kal o\o)? ra dp^ala 
 
 irdvra /cdWrj. 
 
 MEN. 'Ogtcl fiova 6pG) real icpavia rcov captconv 
 is yvybvdy ofjuoca ra 7roWd. 
 
 EPM, Kal fxrjv eKelvd eczw a •7rdvT€<; ol 
 iroirjTal Oav/JLa^ovat ra oara, <av ait eoifca? 
 fcaTacfypovelv. 
 
 MEN. "OjjLcos rrjv r E\ev7)v /xot Belfjov ov yap 
 *o av Biayvoiyv eycoye. 
 
 EPM. Tovrl to Kpavlov r] r E\evr) iarlv, 
 
 MEN. Elra Bid tovto at ^CKiai vrjes eTfhr)- 
 pcoOijcrav ef dirdar}<; rrjs 'EWdBos Kal Toaovroc 
 
NEKPIKOI AlAAOrOI. 6. 7. 8. 151 
 
 eTreaov r, EX\i)ve<s re Kal (3dp/3apoi teal roaavrat 
 7roXet? avdararoi yeyovacriv ; 
 
 EPM. 'AXX' ovk e2Se?, ft> Mevnnre, £coo~av ttjv 
 yvvaiKa' e(f>7j<; yap av Kal av dve/JiearjTov elvai 
 
 roif/ft dfi(f)\ yvva.ua. nokvv xpovov aXyea iracr)(€iv 5 
 
 €7rel Kal ra ^av0rj ^fjpa ovra el Tt? /3Xeiroc 
 diro/Se^XrjKora ttjv /3a(f)i]V, afiopcfra BrjXov ore avTco 
 Bojjet,, ore fJuevTOL dvOel Kal e%ei tt\v %p6av, 
 KaXXtard eaTiv. 
 
 MEN. Ovkovv tovto, w 'Epfiij, davfid^G), el 10 
 fjiT) avvleaav 01 *A%auH irepl irpdyp.aro^ ovtcos 
 oXcyo^povlov Kal paBi(D<; airavOovvTos irovovvTe^. 
 
 EPM. Ov ct^oXt] /lot, a> Mevi7T7re, avfufrtXoao- 
 <f>elv aoc. ware av fjuev eTrtXetja/juevos tottov, evOa 
 av ideXrjs, Kelao KaraftaXoov aeavTov, ey<o Be rov? is 
 aXXovs veKpovs tjBtj fieTeXevao/iac. 
 
 8. (25.) 
 NIPEK KAI ©EP2ITOY KAI MENIIIIIOY. 
 
 NIP. *IBov Bij, MevLTnros ovToal BcKaaec, 
 TTOTe/oo? evfiopcfrorepos eaTiv. elire, cb MeviTnre, 
 ov KaXXicov aoi Bokco ; 
 
 MEN. T1W9 Be Kal ecrre ; irporepov, olfiat, 20 
 %pr) yap tovto elBevac. 
 
 NIP. Nipeix; Kal SepaiT^. 
 
152 AOTKIANOT NEKPIKOI AlAAOrOL 8. 
 
 MEN. JTorepo? ovv 6 Nipev? Kal worepos 6 
 @epaiTT)<; ; ovBeirca yap tovto BrjXov. 
 
 @EP%. *Ev fiev tjBtj tovto eyw, on o/jlolos elfil 
 <toi teal ovBev ttjXlkovtov Bta(j>epei<; rfkUov ae 
 s "O/jLTjpos iiceivos 6 tv<J)\6$ eiryveaev aTrdvToav ev/xop- 
 4>6repov 7rpo(T€i7r(ov, a\X' 6 (froths eyco Kal yjreBvbs 
 ovBev %elp(ov e<pdvrjv rco BiKaa-Trj. opa Be o~v, <w 
 Meviizire, ovTiva Kal evfiopfyorepov rjyf}. 
 
 NIP. *E/ie ye rbv *Ay\atas Kal Xapo7ros, 
 io bs KaWia-Tos dvfjp virb "Xkiov rfkOov. 
 
 MEN. 'AX)C ov^l fcal vtto yrjv, &>? oljuat, 
 
 koXXlctto^ rjXOes, dWd ra fiev oard ojjloicl, to Be 
 
 Kpavlov ravry jjlovov dpa BiaicpivoiT av dirb rov 
 
 Qepalrov Kpavlov , on evOpvTTTov to gov ■ dXa- 
 
 15 iraBvbv yap avTo Kal ovk dvBpcoBes e^a?. 
 
 NIP. Kal fJLT)V ipOV "OjJLTjpOV, 07r0l0<Z rjV, 67TOTe 
 
 GwecrTpaTevov tols 'Amatols. 
 
 MEN. ^OveipaTa jjloi Xeyecs • eyco Be ftXeTrco 
 a Kal vvv e^et?, eKeiva Be oi TOTe laacriv. 
 20 NIP. Oukovv eyco evTavQa ev/jLOpcfroTepos elfii, 
 a> MeviTTire ; 
 
 MEN. Ovtc av ovTe aXXos ev/JLopfyos' laoTipia 
 yap ev aBov Kal o/jlolol airavTes. 
 
 QEP2. 'Efjbol fiev Kal tovto ucavov* 
 
NOTES 
 
THE DREAM. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Lucian's Dream was probably written in the ripe manhood of 
 the author, when, after a long sojourn in foreign lands, he had 
 returned to his native town with full purse and great literary fame. 
 It was the fashion for writers of that day to give public readings 
 of their productions. This piece, in all likelihood, served as an 
 introduction to a course of readings before his fellow-townsmen. 
 Lucian has left several other such introductions, which he had 
 used in various places. They are composed with much elegance 
 and propriety: 'Herodotus or Aetion,' and ' Zeuxis or Antiochus,' 
 are worthy of particular mention. 
 
 No one of these special writings, however, is more graceful than 
 the one before us ; and none certainly more appropriate to serve as 
 an introduction to the study of Lucian's varied productions. It 
 was probably an unusual thing for a young man of Samosata to de- 
 vote himself to letters. So Lucian tells his countrymen — who no 
 doubt were well aware of his lowly parentage and early poverty — 
 how he happened to take this turn. His object was not simply to 
 write gracefully about himself, but to give encouragement to young 
 men of good parts but narrow means to seek after culture. 
 
 Soon after he left school (he writes) his father decided to put 
 him to a trade, and apprenticed him to his uncle, a statuary. He 
 was sadly unfortunate in the first work he was set to do, was 
 harshly corrected, and ran off home in tears. He sobbed himself 
 to sleep that night, thinking of the events of the day. Soon a 
 wonderful dream came to him ' through the ambrosial night.' Two 
 women — the one ugly, the other fair — seem to seize him, and to 
 
156 THE DREAM. 
 
 contend with each other for the complete mastery of his person. 
 These prove to be ' Statuary ' and ' Culture.' At last they give 
 over their strife, and proceed to plead their cause in fine rhetoric 
 and with great force of argument. Statuary is heard through ; but 
 before Culture has finished her harangue, Lucian decides in her 
 favor. Thereupon, after vain show of anger, Statuary is changed 
 into a block of marble ; and Culture treats Lucian to a marvellous 
 trip through the air, in which he scatters, like Triptolemus, some- 
 thing upon the earth below, whereat people greatly rejoice and 
 shout their good wishes after him. 
 
 Here the dream, in which Lucian has given a rather strained 
 and over-fanciful picture of his life, comes to an end. Lucian adds 
 that he has told this for no idle purpose. By recalling his career, 
 young men will be stimulated not to give up in the face of poverty 
 and difficulties, but to press forward in pursuit of culture. 
 
 Whether Lucian actually had such a dream or not, we of course 
 cannot say. It is extremely improbable. The dream has ever 
 been a favorite rhetorical device. The vision of Er with which 
 Plato finishes his Republic, and. Cicero's ' Somnium Scipionis,' 
 may be mentioned for antiquity ; while, not to refer to ' Piers 
 Plowman ' or ' Pilgrim's Progress,' Byron's ' The Dream,' Tenny- 
 son's ' Dream of Fair Women,' and Lowell's ' The Parting of the 
 Ways' and number two of the second series of the ' Biglow Papers,' 
 may serve as modern examples. The properties of Lucian's Dream 
 are borrowed from the ' Choice of Heracles,'* the famous apologue 
 of Prodicus, and are somewhat lumbering. The rhetoric is at 
 times in bad taste, as in the far-fetched comparison of himself to 
 Triptolemus. But the impression created by the whole piece is in 
 the highest degree pleasurable. 
 
 * See X. Mem. 2, i, 21 fit 
 
NOTES. 157 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 After consultation with friends, Lztciari 's father apprentices him to his tcncle. 
 His first work is a failure ; he is severely punished, and runs home : that 
 night he sobs himself to sleep. 
 
 Page 1. 1. tfpn \ikv eireir. . . 6 8e, ' I had just ceased . . . when my 
 father.' The clauses are co-ordinated with jx4v and 5e, as often, where in 
 Eng. we subordinate the second to the first. Cf. X. Mem. 2, 7, 11 ; Dem. 
 
 de Cor. 160. <j>oitwv : G. 279, 1 ; MT. 112, 1 ; H. 796, a* 2. t^|v 
 
 t|\ik. irpos. <5Jv, ' being already well on in my teens.' Cf. below, 16, 
 avTiirais. In his sixteenth or seventeenth year. Consult Beck. Char. 
 Excur. to Sc. i., near end. 3. 8 ti kcu 818. jjlc, 'just what he should have 
 me taught.' '6 ti tcai = quid tandem. Kat often has this idiomatic use 
 in Lucian. Cf. Char. 9 (18, 10) ; t Piscat. 16 and 45. For same use, cf. 
 also X. Anab. 3, 5, 18; Symp. 1, 15; Dem. de Cor. 24. Observe force 
 of mid. 5t5a£an-o ; for mood, v. G. 243 ; MT. 70, 2 ; H. 736. 4. o€v : 
 
 here, as often, this particle marks rather rhetorical than logical sequence. 
 Compare the Orations of Demosthenes, where it is regularly used to indi- 
 cate transition from introduction to body of oration. Consult K. 545, 3. 
 In this use hardly translatable. ' The most, you must know, were of the 
 
 opinion,' may possibly give it. g8o£« ira.18. : personal construction 
 
 where we prefer impersonal; so very frequently. Cf. Lat. videor; v. 
 
 MT. 92, 2, n. 2; H. 777 ircuStia, 'higher education,' 'culture,' with 
 
 something of the cant force which attaches to this latter word nowadays. 
 
 \iiv finds its correlative, not in 5e, 1. 6, which is simply continuative, 
 
 1 while,' but in Se, 1. 8, as the contrast is between letters and a trade. 
 5. ov piKpds, 'no slight,' 'vast'; litotes. 6. tijxt|s \a,|nr. , fortuna 
 
 splendida, ' a splendid fortune,' in just our sense. For similar use of 
 Ka/xirpSs cf. Piscat. 34; Menip. 12; also X. Symp. 1, 4. 7. TaxeioLv 
 nva t. liriK. = ry]v iiriK. % ToxeTa rts i<TTiv. This sort of brachylogy is 
 common with Lucian. Cf. Char. 4 (13, 20), 11 (20,4), 15 (23, 13) ; Cock, 
 6 (67, n). ris so used with adj. indicates that it is not taken in its full 
 
 * G. = Goodwin's Grammar ; MT. := Goodwin's Moods and Tenses. H. = Hadley's 
 Grammar. C. = Curtius. K. = Kuhner's Ausfurhliche Grammatik. M. =: Madvig's 
 Greek Syntax. The other abbreviations, it is thought, will be readily understood. 
 
 t The numbers in parenthesis refer to page and line of this edition. Others of Lucian's 
 writings not found in this book will be referred to by Latin title. 
 
158 THE DREAM. 
 
 sense; often about equivalent to our 'rather,' or 'pretty' used adverbially. 
 Cf. X. Mem. I, 3, 12: us 8eivf)v riva \eyeis bvvafiiv rov (piXrj/naros chat. 
 Lat. quidam has the same use; cf. Cic. Lael. 13, 48: qui virtutem duram 
 et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt. 8. tovtwv : somewhat contemp- 
 tuous, like Lat. iste: 'If I should become master of one of your ordinary 
 trades.' The common handicrafts were considered by the ancients dis- 
 reputable for a free-born citizen to follow. Cf. X. Oecon. 4, 2-3; 6, 5: 
 Aristotle, Pol. I, 13. Consult also Beck. Char. Sc. v. n. 17. The con- 
 struction rex v V v T - fiav. = fiauavaov rex-, may be paralleled by Icarom. 3, 
 yvira r. KapTepav. 9. '^x €lv : this an d foil. infs. dependent upon e5o£e 
 
 above, but with change of person. &v belongs also to elucu ; G. 212, 4; 
 MT. 42, 4. In the direct discourse both these verbs would be opt. ; 
 G. 224; MT. 50, 2; H. 748. In ev((>pave7v we have another apodosis, 
 which presupposes a protasis with subj. ; as though the speculative 
 et eKfj-dBoifii were repeated in fact, as it is in thought, in the more vivid 
 iav iKfidOco, — certainty taking the place of probability ; K. 576, b. 
 Such blendings of the different conditional forms are not uncommon; 
 G. 227 ; MT. 54, 2 (a) ; H. 750. But it is noticeable to find apodoses of 
 different forms with the same protasis. In Dem. Phil. I, 11-12, we have 
 an instructive instance of the vivid future and the speculative conditional 
 placed side by side with reference to the same event. That, and such 
 uses as the one before us, as also the common confusion in English, show 
 how easy it was to pass from one to the other or to combine the two. 
 10. p/r]K€V : according to regular Attic usage in indirect discourse, we 
 ought to have here ovk4t\ G. 283, 3; C. 615, 3; K. 514. yA\, the sub- 
 jective negative, or negative of the will, came more and more into use 
 with all late writers. Lucian constantly conforms to the usage of his 
 times in this respect, notwithstanding his great zeal for a pure Attic style. 
 This tendency shows itself in isolated cases even in classic times. Cf. 
 X. Mem. 1, 2, 39, and 41. For full discussion, with special reference to 
 Lucian, see Prof. Gildersleeve's article, ' Encroachments of ixt\ on ov in 
 
 Later Greek,' Am. Jour, of Phil., Vol. I. No. 1 oIkoo-itos, ' dependent 
 
 upon my father.' 11. ovk els piaK., ' before a great while,' often recurs; 
 cf. below, 10; Char. 8; Dem. Olyn. 2, 20. ovk, while belonging to the 
 phrase, should be taken in translation with [xanpdv. For this word, 
 v. H. 509, b (a) — a transfer to time of its use as an adverbial expression 
 of extent of space. 12. del rb -ytv., ' my regular earnings.' aei' belongs 
 to oLTTCHpipcav, but may be freely construed with rb yiv. For rb ytp., cf. 
 Tim. 49 (56, 25); Tox. 18; Alex. 54; X. Anab. 1, 1,8. 2. 12. Sevre'pas 
 
NOTES. 159 
 
 . . . irpovT€'8i], • a second point came up for full discussion.' 14. ck- 
 
 fjLa0€tv : G. 261, 2 ; MT. 93, 2 ; H. 767 avSpl IX. irpeir. : so not strictly 
 
 a rex^r] fidvavo-os after all. 15. irpoyj&pov k\. t. xop. : Lucian mani- 
 
 fests a special liking for the predicate adj. Cf. just above, 1. 7 ; below, 
 X/"70"Tas e?xoi/ t. iXiriSas ; Char. 3 (12, 15); and often. We do not use 
 an article in such a case : ' requiring moderate expense, and likely to 
 
 produce sufficient income.' xoptyyiav : originally the cost of equipping 
 
 and training a chorus for a public festival, the chief of the extraordinary 
 services, \eirovpyiai, required by law of the wealthier Athenian citizens 
 (Bockh Publ. Econ., bk. 3, ch. 22) ; then transferred to any expense. 
 16. dXXov &AX' eiraiv. : as in Lat., alio aliam commendante. iiraiv., 
 'recommending.' «s ^Kacrros . • • &X iv > 'according as each had knowl- 
 edge or experience.' With the intransitive use of ex etJ/ accompanied by 
 an adv., it is not unusual to find an explanatory gen.; G. 168, n. 3; 
 H. 589; K. 419, 5. Frequent in Lucian. Cf. just below, (pva-ews ye ex Q>v 
 5e£i<Js ; Symp. 8 ; Jup. tr. 7. 19. €p|xo-y\v<f>os, ' a Hermae-carver,' 
 
 1 a statuary.' Posts with heads of Hermes were used as boundary-stones, 
 as Hermes was the god of boundaries. Houses, temples, etc., at Athens, 
 had one before the door. That Hermae were held in high reverence is 
 shown by the indignation of the Athenians at their general mutilation the 
 night before the Sicilian expedition set out; v. Thucyd. 6, 27. Lucian's 
 uncle, it would seem, was a stone-mason and a statuary at the same time, 
 a union of trades not unlikely in a provincial town. Below we have 
 ep/j.oy\v(pevs, a solecism; but L. doubtless wrote this word. Cf. Cobet, 
 
 V. L. p. 81 Sokwv, * had the reputation.' Cf. X. Mem. 4, 2, 6 ; Plat. 
 
 Apol. 21 B , for same sense Xi0o£6os . . . cvSok. : quite possible that 
 
 these words are a gloss, and should be removed from the text. Some 
 editors do so. At all events, it would be better Greek to write tvBoKijxos, 
 as is seen by comparing Plat. Crito, 43 C, i\v iyh iv ro7s PapuraT Uv 
 iveyxaifit. Full construction were, \i9. iv t. cvSok. ixaKiara €v86ki/j.os. As 
 this stands unconnected with what precedes, it is most natural to consider 
 it epexegetical. But it may be asyndeton. Many insert kclL 
 
 P. 2. 1. 8€fus> f as - 2. dXXd, 'so take the lad.' aXkd often suscep- 
 tible of this translation with the imperative ; cf. Plato, Phaedo 58 D. 
 3. SiSdo-Kou : here, as below, 10, and in many other places in Lucian, 
 the mid. does not differ from the act. The mid. of this verb often so 
 used by late writers. Most editors correct here to SldaaKe ; but v. Cob. 
 V. L. p. 310-31 1. Fritzsche appears to have misunderstood Cob., and 
 quotes him as authority for change. Of course, no classic prose writer 
 
l60 THE DREAM. 
 
 would have thus confounded the voices. But Lucian, with all his care- 
 fulness, constantly violated Attic precedents, and it is absurd to attempt 
 to correct all his solecisms. Fritzsche, however, asserts that the con- 
 fusion in voices is limited to fut. and aor. In that case, 5i8d<ricov may be 
 a blunder of the copyist. 5. <jjvo-€tos . . . Se^iws, ' for he 's naturally 
 clever, you know.' ye emphasizes the word after which it is placed. 
 Stress of voice best reproduces it in Eng. usually. 6. €T€K|xaip€To, 
 ktA., ' he got this notion from my playing with the wax.' The wax 
 with which the writing tablets were covered ; hence the article. 7. oitotc 
 a<f>e0eu]v . . . &v . . . &v€7r\aTTov : for moods, v. G. 233 ; MT. 62 ; 
 H. 760, c. : for &y, v. G. 206; MT. 30, 2; H. 704. 8. {Boas: Attic would 
 be fiovs. 9. eltcoTtos, ' true to nature.' 11. totc : the time of the 
 consultation. 12. XP 1 ! "™? : for pred. adj., v. above, and cf. Alciphr. 
 1, 21, 1. 13. dir* . . . ir\ao-TiKf]s, 'from my fondness for moulding 
 
 the wax.' The pronoun €Ke?vos very often best reproduced in Eng. by 
 a noun. For sentiment of this- passage, cf. Ar. Clouds, 877 ff., where 
 Strepsiades recommends Pheidippides to Socrates : 
 
 a.fjie\ei, SCSa<TKe • 6viJ.6cro(j>6<; lariv (f>v<rei ' 
 evOvs ye toi 7raiSaptov ov tvvvovtovX 
 enkaTTev evSov oi/a'as vavs t eyXxxfaev, 
 ajuafi'Sa? re <rKVTiva.<; eipyagero, 
 kcuc t&v triSt'coi/ /SaTpa^ous e7rotei jrw? 60/ceis. 
 
 3. 15. &}Jia T6 . . . &x0o[ji€vos, ' so, no sooner was a day thought suitable 
 for beginning work than I was put in the charge of my uncle, not greatly 
 disturbed in truth at my prospect.' Co-ordination where we subordinate 
 the second clause, as above, I. Especially common with afxa re — nai 
 (also without re) ; v. C. 624 b, 2, n. (cf. Lat. simul ac). Cf. Tim. 20 
 
 (42, 14). T€x.vns : general sense, hence no article. 16. irapeSeSdfj/nv: 
 
 for similar change of tense, cf. below, 14. The Greek pluperfect, unlike 
 the Latin and English, does not express an action as previous to some 
 past action, but a completed action of the past, the effect of which is 
 enduring ; sustaining thus precisely the same relation to the imperfect as 
 the perfect to the present, and so often used in connection with the im- 
 perfect in narrative. This principle seems to have been overlooked by 
 the school grammars. Consult K. 385. Here, not ' I had been put in 
 the charge,' but ' I was put in the charge,' — for good and all, i.e. with 
 the expectation of my remaining. 18. ovk a,T€pirii, ' not displeasing,'= 
 ' very pleasing'; litotes. 19. TjXtKiwras, 'play-fellows.' Lat. aequales. 
 ^jriSeigiv, ' chance for showing off.' «l <j>cuvo£}M]v, ' if I should be 
 
NOTES. l6l 
 
 seen'; has this meaning always with participles, H. 802 ; 'seem' with 
 infs. Either the opt. is ind. disc, for %v <paiva>/j.ai, when the apodosis 
 should be eletv, or it is the regular protasis of the fourth form, when &v 
 with exeij/ would be expected. In either event the irregularity is striking: 
 the fut. idea of the apod, being implied. But see MT. 50, I, Rem. 1 ; 
 54, 2 (a). It is possible the author thought of this conditional clause as 
 the subject of e'SJ/ce*, considering it equivalent to an inf. <palvecrdai : 'but 
 to be seen carving gods, etc., seemed to me to promise a sort of pas- 
 time, etc' 20. dYaXjidna jxiKpa, ' little statuettes.' 21. 01s : 
 
 assimilation, G. 153; H. 80S to -ye irpwrov, 'at the very first ' ye 
 
 emphasizes by limitation ; Lat. qicidem. H. 850, 1. For rb irpu., v. 
 G. 160, 2 ; H. 552, a. 22. eyivtro : imp. marks more vividly than aor. 
 
 would have the immediate beginning of his troubles. eyKoire'a nvd, 
 
 'a sort of chisel.' 23. 8ovs : G. 277, 1 ; H. 788, a. The participle in 
 such uses expresses an action preliminary and preparatorv to that of 
 the main verb. We with less logical accuracy make the statements co- 
 ordinate, and say, ' my uncle gave me a sort of chisel, and directed 
 
 me, etc' Tipe'jm, 'quietly,' 'gently,' from the same root as ipruxos. 
 
 Ka3itdor8cu, 'to come down upon,' ; to strike'; fob by gen. G. 171, 1; 
 
 H. 574, b. 24. cv fie'crw, 'between us.' lircnrwv to koivov, 'quoting 
 
 as he did so (hri) the adage, "well begun is half done."' Lucian, 
 Hermot. 3, ascribes this proverb to Hesiod. There is no other authority 
 for this. Iamblichus credits it to Pythagoras ; Polybius simply to the 
 ancients. Cf. Horace, Epis. 1, 2, 40: dimidinm facti qui coepit habet. 
 25. toi: in origin ethical dat. of cv = ' you know.' It no more 
 than 8e is a part of the adage. 84 connects it with what the uncle had 
 
 just said ; toi marks it as well known and familiar. KarevevKOVTos : 
 
 sc ijxov ; cf. below, 17, AeyovTos. G. 278, I, n. ; MT. no, 1, n. 2 ; 
 H. 791, a For similar idiom in Lat., v. Tac Ann. 1, 5. The object of 
 the participle is of course iyKoirea 28. jjlov Karri pfjcn-o, ' made a begin- 
 ning of me,' 'put me through an initiation.' Kara.pxofj.ai, as a technical 
 religious term, meant, first, to begin the sacrifices : Od. 3, 445; Hdt. 4, 103. 
 Then it was followed by the gen. of the victim (G. 171, 1; H 574, £), 
 and got the meaning ' to consecrate,' ' to sacrifice ' (lit. ' to make a begin- 
 ning of the victim for sacrifice') : Ar. Birds, 959. In this single instance 
 the word seems, from the meaning ' to consecrate,' to be used in a semi- 
 humorous figurative sense = Lat. initiare. 28. w<tt« . . . t€x.vt]s : sc. 
 iytvero. 4. 30. <rvve\4s: neut. adj. as adv., G. 74, 2; H. 226. 
 
 P. 3. 1. avakvlmv, ' sobbing aloud ' : rare word ; same root as Germ. 
 
 11 
 
■I 62 THE DREAM. 
 
 schhichzen. Saxpvwv : G. 172, I; 180, 1; H. 584, b. tovs 6<f>9. : 
 
 G. 160, 1 ; H. 549 2. Snrvovfiai t. <tkv., ' I recount the whip,' 
 
 1 I tell the story of my flogging.' Notice the brevity of expression. 
 
 3. KaTtryopouv : sc. avrov. iroXXir|V Tiva : cf. rax^dv riva above, I. 
 
 4. jx-fj . . . tureppdX. : G. 218, n. 2; MT. 46, n. 4. Apprehension or 
 fear implied in <pd6vov. Notice that we have here the subj. fol. a second- 
 ary tense: G. 216, 2; MT. 44, 2, R. ; H. 740, a. Vividness of narrative 
 is thereby heightened. 5. d7QvaKTi]crajj.evT]s : almost the only instance 
 of the mid. According to ordinary usage, we should have ayavaKr-qada-qs. 
 8. Tf|v <TKi>. del evvowv : the usual reading is tV vvx$ o\t\v iwowvy 
 after which recent editors suppose some words have fallen out, as 
 to <rvfxfSa.vTa iaTpe^ofx-qv (with which cf. II. 24, 5; and Ar. Clouds, 36), 
 since it is quite unlikely ivvo&v should be used absolutely. The present 
 editor has adopted the reading of Steigerthal (det, however, is due to 
 Sommerbrodt), which seems the simplest and most reasonable way out 
 of the difficulty. That Lucian placed great stress upon the c/cutoAtj 
 appears clearly from what he says below in 14 and 16. Fritzsche's 
 point, that /cat is an insurmountable objection to this reading, seems not 
 well taken. 
 
 He has a wonderful dream. Two women seem to grasp him, and strive with 
 each other for complete mastery of him. 
 
 5. 9. p.€ipa,KiiS5T], ' puerile.' 10. €VKaTatj>p6vr|Ta : as well as SeJutco, 
 predicate of to. 11. k<u iravv : /cat serves simply to emphasize irdw, 
 like Ka\ fiaXa. Cf. X. Mem. I, 3, 13. This intensive use of Kai is very 
 common in Lucian, not only in such phrases as this, which were used 
 by every one, but in all sorts of expressions. 12. ko,0' "Op.T|pov, 
 ' in the language of Homer,' a common use of Kara by Lucian. 
 14. 6eios p-oi, ktA. : words of Agamemnon, II. 2, 56 f. ; quoted again in 
 part in Cock, 8. 16. diroXeiTreo-Sai t. 6Xr\ , ' fall short of reality.' 
 G. 174; H. 580. 17. -yovv, 'at any rate.' 19. evavXos, ' rings in 
 my ears.' 6. 20. 8vo ■yrvatKes: the following narrative is an imitation 
 of the famous and much finer Apologue of Prodicus, ' Heracles at the 
 Road-forks'; for which see X. Mem. 2, 1, 21 ff., and cf. Silius Italicus, 
 xv, 18 ff., where it is transferred to Scipio. Lowell has put the same 
 idea into one of his most earnest poems, • The Parting of the Ways.' For 
 the wrangle of the two females, compare also the controversy between 
 the At/catos A6yos and "ASikos A6yos in the Clouds of Aristophanes, 8S9 ff. 
 21. tcuv x. € P°^ v : better Attic usage would require ro?v : G. 78, n. 2 ; 
 
NOTES. 163 
 
 H. 521; K. 368, A. 2. For case, G. 171, 1; H. 574, b. 22. juKpov, 
 'within a little'; full construction below, 16, fiiKpov 8e?v, which see. 
 Just equivalent to irapb. (junp6v of next sentence. b\iyov and b\iyov Se?v 
 used in the same way. 23. &pn p£v &v . . . dpri 8e, ktA., i one 
 moment the one would be getting the mastery, . . . the next I would, etc' 
 &v, frequentative ; v. above, 2, tt.v avzirXaTTov. 24. irapd pixpov, 
 
 'beside a little' = ' almost.' Lucian uses irapa bxiyov in same sense. 
 Cf. irapa iro\6. 26. avrfjs Svto, pe, 'me who belonged to her.' G. 169, 1 ; 
 II. 572, c. 27. (BovXoito . . . avTi-rroioiTo : subject in each case not the 
 speaker, but the one addressed. tuv aXXoTpiwv, ' another's posses- 
 sions.' 28. tjv 8£ tj \ilv, kt\., ' the one looked like a laboring woman, 
 masculine in appearance, with dishevelled hair, and hands covered with 
 calluses. Her gown was tucked up, and she was covered all over with 
 marble dust; in fact, just like my uncle when chipping at his marbles.' 
 
 P. 4. 1. £e'oi : iterative, like cKpedelriv above, 2, q. v. 2. to (r\r\. 
 €v. k. KOO-. t. dva., 'in figure comely, and elegant in dress.' Notice 
 chiastic arrangement. Not rare in English, as Milton, ' dulcet symphonies 
 and voices sweet ' ; and Lowell, 
 
 ' Whether we look, or whether we listen, 
 We hear life murmur, or see it glisten ; ' 
 
 see also second line of poetry quoted just below. 
 
 They appeal to Lucian for decision, and plead their case before him. First, 
 ' Statuary ' makes her plea. 
 
 4. ecjnatri, 'appeal to me': technical law term. PovXoihtjv : G. 241, 3; 
 
 H. 736. 7. 7. oiKEia, 'of your household,' 'familiar or friendly to 
 
 you.' 10. Kal p-dXa, 'very'; emphatic. Cf. Kal ttolvv above, 5, and 
 X. Cyr. 6, 1, 36. 11. Xifjpwv k. <}>Xt)., ' stuff and nonsense.' Such ex- 
 pressions of contempt for culture not infrequent in the mouths of Lucian's 
 Philistine characters. Modern Philistinism echoes the same sentiments. 
 Cf. Hamerton, ' The Intellectual Life,' ix. iv. ff. 13. -rrpwra piv, ' first 
 
 and foremost'; cf. X. Mem. 1, 4. 13. 0pe\|/Tj -ycv , 'you will fare well,' 
 
 or 'you will enjoy hearty food.' 14. KapTtpovs : pred., cf. above, 2. 
 
 For sentiment, compare Ar. Clouds, 1009 ff., where the Aikcugs \6yos, in 
 speaking of the old Athenian training, says : 
 
 f)V Tavra noifjS ayia (^pd^oj, 
 
 Kai irpbs tov'tois 7rpo<re'x7)? rbv vovv, 
 
 efiiS del crTrjflo? Kmapov, 
 
 Xpoiav XevKTjV, <ip.ovs fj. ey d \ov <;, 
 
 y\(j)TTav |3cuar. 
 
164 THE DREAM. 
 
 Likely as not, L. had this passage in mind. 15. aXXdTpios, ' an alien 
 
 to,' ' inexposed to.' err I t. aXXoS., ' abroad.' The literati and philoso- 
 phers of the day wandered from place to place peddling their intellectual 
 wares by private instruction and public readings. How strong the feeling 
 of local patriotism among the ancients was, and how great a misfortune it 
 was considered to leave one's native place, may be gathered from the 
 concluding chapters of Plato's Apology, and from the wailings of 
 
 ' Ovid in Pontus, puling for his Rome 
 Of men invirile and disnatured dames, 
 That poison sucked from the Attic bloom decayed.' — Lowell. 
 
 17. €7rl Xoyois, 'for mere words'; strongly sarcastic. oAA' cV tpyois 
 at once suggests itself. 8. p.^ ... to mvapdv, ' do not be shocked 
 
 at the meanness of my appearance ner the squalor of my garb.' For 
 mood, G. 254; H. 720, b. For rb euTeAe's, etc., G. 139, 2; H. 509, c. 
 Lucian is fond of neuter adj. for abstract noun. 20. <t»€i8£as ckcivos, 
 ' the famous Phidias.' i/celt/os is thus often used of well-known or cele- 
 brated persons or objects: cf. Ar. Clouds, 534. K. 467, 13. Compare Lat. 
 tile, as Cic. de imp. Pomp. 9, 22 : ut ex eodem Ponto Medea ilia quondam 
 
 profugisse dicitur. Roby, Lat. Gram. 2259, f. 28ei|6 tov Aia, 'showed 
 
 us Zeus,' ' set Zeus before us in life-like shape.' <l>€i8£as, of Athens, 
 
 the most celebrated sculptor of antiquity, a contemporary of Pericles. 
 His masterpieces were the wonderful chryselephantine statues of colossal 
 size of Athena and Zeus; the one enshrined in the Parthenon on the 
 Acropolis at Athens, the other (referred to in the text) for 800 years the 
 envied possession of Olympia in Elis. Zeus was represented after the 
 conception of Homer, II. 1, 528 ff. This was considered the most perfect 
 product of the plastic art. LToXvkXcitos, of Sicyon, a younger con- 
 temporary and rival of Phidias ; like him, pupil of Aegladas : his 
 statue of Hera, at Argos, like Olympian Zeus of Phidias, the model for 
 all succeeding times. He reached such perfection in the representation 
 of the human form that one of his pieces, the dopv<pcpos, was known as 
 
 ' the canon' {kclvcHv). Mvpwv, of Eleutherae, a fellow-pupil with Poly- 
 
 cletus. He worked chiefly in bronze; especially famous were his discus- 
 thrower and a bronze cow. The Greek anthology still preserves nearly 
 
 forty epigrams in praise of the latter UpafjiTeXTjs, of Athens, flourished 
 
 about the middle of the fourth cent. B.C. He preferred marble. He 
 excelled in the soft beauty and graceful charm of his figures, but had less 
 of the simple majesty that characterized the sculptors of the preceding 
 century. The Aphrodite of Cnidus his most famous work. For further 
 
NOTES. 165 
 
 information concerning these artists, see art-histories, especially Liibke, 
 bk. 2, 1. 23. d -y^'voto . . . Soijeis : not unusual blending of con- 
 
 ditional forms by Lucian ; MT. 54, 2, a. Similar confusion frequent in 
 
 Eng. irws ov, ' how not ' = ' assuredly.' 27. 8iairralov<ra . . . 
 
 iroXXd, ' stammering continually, and speaking for the most part in bar- 
 barous phrase.' Sto7rToia> occurs nowhere^ else ; it marks the lack of 
 fluency, while fiapfiap. is no doubt a fling at the provincial dialect of 
 Samosata. 28. |id\a 8f| o-irovSr} <ruv€ipov<ra : usually interpreted 
 
 to mean, 'speaking connectedly with extreme difficulty'; but that would 
 be only a reiteration of the idea already clearly expressed by tiairraiovaa, 
 and sounds very awkward when taken with what follows. Better take 
 o-7rovdf} in its commoner meaning, and translate the contemptuous (cf. 
 Dem. de Cor. 309) avueipovaa literally: 'stringing her words together with 
 great earnestness, and doing her best to win me over.' 30. t& irXsiara 
 . . . 8ie'<|>vy€v, ' for the most she said escaped my memory at once,' — 
 driven out by the speech that followed. For i}5rj in this sense, cf. Cock, 
 12 (72, 15); Thucyd. 1, 18. K. 499, 2. 
 
 Then ' Culture'' eloquently sets forth the glories of a literary career. 
 
 P. 5. 2. <S8€ irctfs, ' about as follows.' 7rws disclaims verbal accuracy. 
 9, 2. IlaiSeia, ' Culture.' 3. o-uvtjOtjs, kt\. : from his school life. 
 
 els tc'Xos, 'perfectly.' 4. p.ov: G. 171, 1; H. 574. 5. ovScv 
 
 6ti [li], 'nothing but'; on, it will be remembered, is adv. ace. of oa-ris. 
 Lit., then, ' there is nothing as to which you will not.' /xi), where better 
 Greek, ovk; v. note to 1. 7. tovtw = t<£ ipydfeaticu. 8. oXtya, 
 
 kt\., 'your earnings scanty and paltry.' 9. evreX^s t. irpo., 'incon- 
 
 siderable when you appear in public'; i.e. without attendants or clients 
 who thronged about the wealthy and the powerful. 10. €-rri8iKd<ri|jLos, 
 
 'contended about in court ' = ' much sought after'; rare word. Some 
 
 make it active, ' useful in court,' 'a good advocate.' <|)£X<hs, kt\., dat. of 
 
 reference. 11. avTo pto'vov, ' only just a workman.' Common in Lucian, 
 cf. Char. 6 (15, 21), as also avrb tovto; adv. ace. 12. twv . . . 8tj|xov, 
 ' one of the common herd.' Such a use of the part. gen. without efs or 
 Tts, peculiar to Lucian. Cf. Apol. 15; Adv. indoct. 8. Fritzsche writes 
 here tov dr)fxov efs, rbv act Trpoti., an emendation which commends itself. 
 The common reading is the same, except that aei stands before t6v. 
 
 Unlikely, from the meaning of aei. 6 iroXvs 8f}fjLcs = ol iroWoi, vulgus. 
 
 cis del, ' your whole life through.' Cf. Char. 17 (25,8). 14. Xa-yu> 
 
 . . . £«v : proverbial of a life subject to continual harassing. Cf. 
 
1 66 THE DREAM. 
 
 Dem. de Cor. 263 ; Hdt. 3, 108 ^pjiaiov, ' godsend ' ; from Hermes, 
 
 patron god of all treasure-trove and sudden luck : v. note to Tim. 24. 
 Here about equal to ' plaything.' 15. d -yevoio . . . €-ircuv€<rovT<u 
 6#£aiT &v : blending of third and fourth forms of cond. in apodosis 
 
 after protasis of fourth; v. note to 1. iroXXd 0cu>. : usually iro\vs is 
 
 connected with fol. adj. by Kai, as 1. 25 below. Cf. Dem. 20, 112. 
 17. ovk &tt. '6s = ovSeis. 18. 010s &v V[s, ' however good a sculptor 
 you may be.' 10. 20. ^v 8' : Se corresponds to yueV, 1. 4, but the 
 
 antithesis is very slight. 21. '^rya : includes both irpa&is and \6yovs. 
 23. ws elireiv, ' so to say/ ' about ' ; restrictive of ttolvtuv. G. 268 ; 
 
 H. 772. fy/impov: sc. ere. 24. 0-0 1 : dat. of interest; G. 184,3; 
 
 H. 597. tfirep tcvp. Ioti, ' the part which is supreme in you.' Neuter 
 
 relative thus used regardless of the gender of the antecedent, when the 
 writer had in mind not a particular but the universal concept; on the 
 same principle on which a pred. adj. is often put in neuter regardless of 
 gender of subject. Cf. X. Mem. 1, 2, 54. K. 361, 2. 29. «s dXTjGdis, 
 verissime. us in this and similar expressions strengthens positive as it 
 does superlative : in origin, however, probably like our idiom, ' as true 
 as true.' K. 555, A. 15. The phrase emphasizes aKriparos, 'really genu- 
 ine.' X.^o-€i . . . p.€T 4p.ov, ' the entire history of the past and the 
 
 demands of the present you will understand ; nay, more, with me at your 
 side, even the secrets of futurity you will foresee.' Notice chiastic 
 arrangement. In fact, 'Culture' promises the young Lucian what the 
 hero of ' Locksley Hall' was after his 'youth sublime.' She will nourish 
 him 'with the fairytales of science and the long result of time'; 'the 
 centuries behind' him shall repose ' like a peaceful land'; the promise of 
 the present shall be understood ; and he shall dip 'into the future far as 
 human eye could see,' and catch some 'vision of the world' and of the 
 coming 'wonder.' 
 
 P. 6. 1. Kal 8\a>s, ' in a word.' 2. ovk e. p,aic. : v. above, I. 
 
 3. 8i8d£o|xcu : v. above, 2, note on SiSdo-nov. 11, 3. 6 tov 8civos, 
 
 ' the son of What 's-his-name.' 4. 6 povXeuo-ap-evos . . . tcxvt]s, ' who 
 had thoughts about so ignoble a trade.' ovtw follows the word it modi- 
 fies, as above, 7, and not seldom. 5. J^Wros k. €iruf>., 'emulated and 
 envied.' 6. eirl t. dp£. cvSok., ' in high repute as a man of most excel- 
 lent talents.' ivl causal. ro?s aplcrrois neuter; cf. eV ayaOols in X. Mem. 
 2, I, 27. The Latin version makes it ob rerum optimarum cultum ins ig- 
 nis. 8. &7ro|3\€'n , 6p.€vo$, 'admired.' 10. apx^s: under the emperors 
 of the second century, scholars were often advanced to royal offices; 
 
NOTES. 167 
 
 v. Merivale, Hist, of the Romans, ch. lx. Lucian himself held office at 
 
 one time in Egypt; v. his Apologia, 12. irpoeSpias : the privilege of 
 
 reserved or first seat at the theatre, accorded to men of rank. Cf. Ar. 
 Knights, £02 ff. Here perhaps more general ; we may translate ap. k. 
 irpoe., 'office and public distinction.' 11. dyvis k dtp., 'unknown 
 and unnoticed.' 13. Totavra : pred., ' such are the marks, etc.' 
 
 14. ovros €K6ivos, ' that 's he,' ' that *s the man.' Cf. Lucian's Herodo- 
 tus. 2 ; Persius, Sat. 1, 28 : 
 
 At pnlchrum digilo motistrari et dicier II 1 c est. 
 
 12. 15. ti o-irov. &£., * anything serious,' ' any misfortune.' 18. 
 
 8vvd|i.€U)s: G. 173, 1; H. 577, a. 19. tov iraT. . . . evScu., 'congratu- 
 
 lating your father on having such a son.' Cf. Ar. Wasps, 1512. For 
 sentiment, ib. 1275 f., and Clouds, 1206 ff. 20. 8 8e \ty. . . irepi- 
 iroiT)o-ft>, ' the common saying, that forsooth some men attain even (/cat) 
 immortality, I will realize in your case.' apa in such connections is often 
 ironical. Lucian assumes no responsibility for the popular belief. The 
 kind of immortality, that of his works, which he here predicts of himself, 
 he has fully gained. Cf. the similar prediction of Horace, exegi monu- 
 
 mentum, etc., 3, 30. 23. o~vvu>v : v. to (poirau above, I tois ireirai., 
 
 'the cultured.' 24. ATjfJioo-Oevnv (384-321 B.C.), the patriotic orator 
 and statesman of Athens in the period of struggle against the rising 
 power of Macedon. His father was a wholesale cutler and upholsterer 
 in good circumstances. Lucian rhetorically exaggerates the lowliness of 
 
 his birth. 25. exavov: v. above to 8. rlvos • . • tjXikov «roi., 
 
 1 whose son he was, and how great I made him.' Two interrogative sen- 
 tences are thus often in Greek, as sometimes in Latin, condensed into one. 
 Cf. X. Mem. 2, 2, 3; Dem. Phil. 1, 36. K. 587, 7. 26. AUrxivnv : 
 
 celebrated Athenian orator, inferior only to Demosthenes, whose rival 
 and political opponent he was. He was retained by Philip, and was the 
 chief mouthpiece of the Macedonian party at Athens. His mother, 
 Glaucothea, was a priestess of some sort of not very reputable religious 
 mysteries. At the initiations it was usual to beat a kettle-drum (TVfiiravov). 
 This was sufficient to give Dem. ground for styling Aeschines (de Cor. 
 284) contemptuously ' the son of a kettle-drummer.' Lucian repeats it 
 here in all soberness. For full account of these orators, v. Mahaffy, 
 Hist. Greek Lit. vol. ii. 27. SwKpdTTjs (469-399 B.C.), father of Greek 
 ethical philosophy. He was the son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and in 
 his early years is said to have followed his father's calling : v. Grote, 
 
1 68 THE DREAM. 
 
 ch. lxviii. ; Curtius, bk. v. ch. ii. ; Mahaffy, ii. ; Blackie, ' Four Phases 
 of Morals.' 28. 4pjxoyXv<j>iktj : it is clear enough from this passage 
 
 that this word was extended from Hermae-carving to sculpture in 
 general. 29. eimS^i . . . KpeiTTOvos, ' as soon as he came to know 
 the better way.' 
 
 P. 7. 13. 4. irpocSpias, ktX. : abstract nouns are thus pluralized 
 when reference is had, not to the abstract notion, but to instances where 
 it is manifested ; so here ' opportunities for civic honors, power, and 
 
 office.' 7. dvoXT|\j/T|, ' assume.' 8. p,o)(X.ia, ' crowbars.' -yXu^eia, 
 
 kt\ , ' carvers, chisels, and gravers.' yXvcp. found only here. 9. kcitu 
 V€V6vx«s . . . eirivowv, ' bending low over your work, with earthward turn 
 and earthward gaze, and in every way abject ; never lifting up your head, 
 and never having a thought that savors of manliness and freedom.' All 
 these expressions, while describing literally the life of a stone-cutter, are 
 to be taken in a figurative sense also. 13. etipv6|j.a k. cuo-^., ' sym- 
 
 metrical and beautiful.' 14. oirtos, ktX., ' taking no thought as to 
 
 how you shall yourself attain "a symmetrical and graceful development, 
 but rendering yourself less worthy of honor than your blocks of stone.* 
 Cf. what Diog. Laert says (2, 33) of Socrates : eAeye Oavixd^eiv ra>v ras 
 Xidivovs e'lKovas KaraaKevaCofxevuv rod fxev XiQov irpovosiv, ws bjxoioraros 
 carat, aiiruv 8' a/neXelv, &s /at? o/noiovs ra> Xidcp (paivzadai. 
 
 Lucian decides in favor of ' Cidture ' without hearing her through, and is 
 treated by her to a wonderful voyage through the air. 
 
 14. 17. Xcyovcttjs, KrX., ' as she uttered these words.' Notice force of 
 imperfect part. And here as often notice that the Greek idiom differs 
 from ours by using a specific verb and a general substantive, where we 
 prefer a general verb and a specific substantive. 18. &ir€<|>T]vdp.T)v, 
 
 ' rendered my decision.' Used also with yvAfx-qv t^v . . . ep-yaTiKTJv, 
 
 • that squalid drudge.' Tooke. 22. evQvs &pxofi€va>, ' at the very 
 
 beginning'; circum. part. 23. €V€Tpi\j/a,TO, ' she caused no slight 
 
 drubbing to be administered.' The subject is, of course, r) epyartK-f). 
 24. tcS : for gender, v. note on raiv, 6. 25. Kirpie . . . en-cir^-yci : for 
 change of tense and force of plup., v. note on -Kap^ioo/jL-qv, 3. These 
 pluperfects illustrate principle there laid down perfectly : not ' she had 
 been fixed to the spot, etc.,' but ' she was fixed to the spot and turned 
 
 into stone,' — and so remained. Nioprjv: daughter of King Tantalus, 
 
 of Lydia, and wife of Amphion. She claimed superiority to Leto because 
 she had many children, while Leto had only two. Angered at this boast' 
 
NOTES. 169 
 
 fulness, Apollo and Artemis slew with their bows all her sons and 
 daughters, and Niobe, ' all tears,' was changed into a rock on Mount 
 Sipylus. Cf. II. 24, 602 ff. ; Soph. Ant. 823-33; Elect. 150 ff.; Ovid, 
 Met. 6, 146-312. 15. 29. Toi-yapovv, kt\., 'I shall requite you, be 
 well assured, for this decision.' diKaioavvrjs, causal gen. 30. xal eX0£ 
 ^8t], 'come, then, at once.' Kai intensive : cf. X. Mem. 1, 1,6; Symp. 2, 3; 
 Lysias ad Eratosth. 29. For f/Sr) in this sense, cf. Dem. Olyn. 2, 2. 
 
 P. 8. 2. ti 6x T li xa > ktA.., ' a sort of vehicle, to which was yoked a 
 kind of winged steeds.' % Gen. of characteristic ; H. 568. Cf. Hdt. 
 
 7, 40. n-rrvdcra), the winged steed of the gods. 3. p/f| dxoX. : part. 
 
 used conditionally ; hence fx-q. G. 283, 4 ; H. 839. It represents pro- 
 tasis of second form. For omission of 'av in apodosis, v. MT. 49, 2, 
 n. 3 {e). 4. dvvoTJo-€iv gpcXXes, ' you expected to remain ignorant of.' 
 6. dp£u.p.evos, ktA.., ' I began with the east, and from there to the utmost 
 west took a survey, etc' For opla/x., cf. t*\(evtuv, as in Plato, Apol. 8. 
 H. 788, last part. &XP 1 """pos : like fidxpi wp6s, of frequent occur- 
 rence = usque ad. 8. TpiirroXcpos, son of Celeus, king of Eleusis. 
 Hospitably entertained Demeter when in search of her daughter. In 
 return she gave him a chariot with winged dragons and seeds of wheat. 
 With this he wandered over the world, scattering the seed below, and so 
 introducing agriculture. V. Ovid, Fasti, 4, 507 ff. 11. p€T ev . . . 
 irapeircp/irov, ' sent after me their words of cheer.' yevolfnjv, iterative ; 
 v. note to cupedeirjv, 2. 16. 15. dXXd p. 186k. : change to finite verb 
 from attributive construction. 16. ti$: v. note on riva, 1 ; translate, 
 
 ' but I thought I made my return in pretty sumptuous attire.' 
 
 KaraXaPovo-a, kt\., ' then, too, when she came upon my father standing 
 expectant.' 18. Kdpe', olos -fjicoipi, ' in what glory I had returned.' 
 Prolepsis ; cf. Tennyson, In Mem. lxxviii. 1, ' I know thee of what force 
 
 thou art.' KaC ti ical iirc, ' and reminded him, too, just a bit of the 
 
 intentions respecting me he came near carrying out.' 19. pucpov 
 
 8civ: like parenthetic ifiol 8okc?v, just below. Infin. used loosely in 
 idiomatic expressions. G. 268 ; MT. 100 ; H. 772. 20. dvTiircus, 
 
 'youth'; v. to 1 above. 21. irpos, 'in the presence of' = ' because of.' 
 
 Lucian explains his motive in narrating the dream, — to encourage poor but 
 aspiring young men. 
 
 17. 22. p€Ta|v: makes more definite the temporal force of the parti- 
 ciple, — ' in the very midst of my speech,' ' while I was still speaking.' 
 Cf. Char. 6(15, 30). G. 277, n. I (a) ; H. 795, c Xe'-yovros, sc. e>oG, 
 
170 THE DREAM. 
 
 v. above to 3 (2,25) tfyx\ tis, 'some one said'; with about the force 
 
 of our 'did some one say?' 23. Sucavucov, 'smacking of the court;' 
 hence * circumstantial,' ' tedious.' It no doubt combines here both the 
 literal and the derived meaning, as the dream-forms had pleaded their 
 case as before a judge. 25. ^ raya. . . • «rri, ' or likely enough, it 
 too, like Heracles, is a three-nighter.' For this allusion, cf. Dial. Deo. 10, 
 and Diodorus, iv. 151, D. 28. yeyr\pa.K6r<av, 'musty,' 'threadbare.' 
 
 29. &«)\o$, kt\., ' this frigid prating of his is stale ; he did not take us 
 for a kind of dream-interpreters, did he ? ' For fi-fj = num, v. G. 282, 2 ; 
 H. 829. 30. ov8e -yap, ' why, no more did Xenophon.' For Xeno- 
 
 phon's dream, v. Anab. 3, I, 11 ff. But Xen. says nothing of having 
 narrated his dream to the army, as is here implied. Lucian's memory 
 seems to have been slightly at fault when he penned this. 
 
 P. 9. 1. «*s, ktA., ' how it seemed to him that there was a flame, 
 etc.' 2. Kal t. &\., 'and so on.' 3. ov\: repeated for emphasis, 
 
 and because of intervening sentence. Cf. X. Anab. 3, 2, 25. viro- 
 
 Kpio-iv, ' matter for interpretation.' Fritzsche changes it to viroKplaeoos 
 
 eVe/cey. ovS' . . . l-yvtotcws, ' nor yet with the thought of telling an 
 
 entertaining story.' 4. avTa, ' it,' the dream in its details Kal 
 
 TaxHra, 'and that too,' 'especially'; radra, appositive of the preceding 
 statement. 5. diro-yvwa-ci irpa-y. , . m desperatione verum, 'when all was 
 given up for lost.' 6. kou: best take this as emphasizing xp?°''A 10 * / > 
 
 ' usefuV : 'but his narrative had some useful aim.' 18. 9. Tpen-tovTcu : 
 for mood, v. above to 4 (3, 5). 10. iraiSeCas i\. f 'apply themselves 
 
 to culture.' G. 171, t ; H. 574, b virb irev. 40eX., ' is inclined to shirk 
 
 under the influence of poverty.' 12. <j>ti<riv. 8ia<}>., ' to the ruin of a 
 gifted nature.' 13. cu o!8' 8ti, 'assuredly,' 'without doubt'; paren- 
 thetical, like ovk oT5' oirws, ev XcrOi, HyKov '6rt, etc. 15. 4vvo<&v, /ctA., 
 1 bearing in mind what I was when I, etc' For similar use of part, and 
 
 interrogative, but in object relation, cf. X. Mem. 2, 2, 1. olos yhr . . . 
 
 010s 8e: emphatic repetition. 16. \ir\hlv diroS., 'shirking no whit 
 
 before the poverty of those days.' /t^SeV, where classic Greek, ovSev; 
 v. above to 1. 18. d KaC, kt\., ' if nothing more, at any rate not less 
 famous than any sculptor of them all.' 
 
T I M O N. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 For more tharr two thousand years Titnon has figured as the 
 typical misanthrope. His name has been proverbial ever since the 
 Attic comedy set the fashion. About the actual Timon, however, 
 few facts are known. The most that can be gathered with any 
 reasonable degree of certainty from the ancient authorities* is as 
 follows. He was an Athenian, son of a certain Echecratides, of 
 the deme Collytus, and lived about the time of the Peloponnesian 
 war. He is said to have built him a tower, ' far from the madding 
 crowd's ignoble strife,' where he spent his days in lonesome 
 contempt of human fellowship; making an exception in the case of 
 the young Alcibiades only, whom he treated with great show of 
 affection, for the cynical reason — as he told Apemantus, a cynic 
 and imitator whose presence he sometimes tolerated — that he 
 knew the youth would one day do infinite mischief to the Athenians. 
 His death, we are told, was caused by a gangrene resulting from a 
 broken limb, which he refused to allow a surgeon to care for. A 
 lonely cliff at Halae, ' where the light foam of the sea beats daily,' 
 became his burial-place ; after which event a landslip occurred, 
 and his tomb was rendered inaccessible. 
 
 Aristophanes speaks of him as a ' chip of the Furies' ; describes 
 his repulsive aspect, and the hate with which he cursed and aban- 
 doned society ; and makes Prometheus, after speaking of his well- 
 known hatred of the gods, style himself a ' regular Timon' (Tlfxcov 
 
 * Two passages in Aristophanes (Lystr. 808 ff., Birds 1547); a fragment from the 
 Monotropos of Phrynichus; two epigrams by Callimachus; Plutarch, Anthony, 69 f. ; 
 and this dialogue of Lucian. 
 
INTRO D UCTION. 1 99 
 
 Kadapos). In a fragment from a comedy of Phrynichus the hero 
 says : 
 
 ' Timon's life I lead, — 
 Unwed, unserved, quick-tempered, unapproached, 
 Unsmiling, unconversing, self-opinionate.' 
 
 It is greatly to be regretted that the play by Antiphanes, a poet of 
 the Middle Comedy, entitled ' Timon,' has not survived. It would 
 doubtless have thrown much light upon the whimsical character 
 and career of 'critic Timon.' An epigram by Callimachus repre- 
 sents him as still hating in the land of shades : 
 
 1 Say, Timon, sunk in night, abhorr'st thou now 
 The light above or gloomy shades below ? 
 " I hate the shades, since filled with humankind 
 In greater numbers than I left behind." ' 
 
 In the brief notices in the earlier writers no hint is given of the 
 grounds for Timon's bitter hatred of mankind. Lucian makes this 
 the result of his discovery that the friends upon whom he had lav- 
 ished his substance were mere ' trencher-friends,' ' feast-won, fast- 
 lost,' and that as soon as his riches had taken flight, their friendship 
 and devotion likewise took wing, bearing away all sense of gratitude 
 for the favors they had received. Plutarch evidently had the same 
 notion. So there is strong probability that this was the reason, or 
 at any rate one of the reasons, for his misanthropy. But we shall 
 not go far amiss, I think, if we find one main cause for his soured 
 disposition in the growing degeneracy of the times, — the moral 
 and religious disintegration which, as contemporary writers give us 
 ample reason to believe, characterized the age of the great struggle 
 between Athens and Sparta. He exercised the self-appointed and 
 thankless task, it would seem, of censor, critic, caviller, and cynic 
 in the presence of the influx of laxer moral ideas, but kept aloof in 
 egoistic isolation from the world, and put forth no efforts to stem 
 the tide which threatened to overwhelm the moral well-being of the 
 state. This it was, we may well believe, taken with the possible 
 fact that his private life was no better than it should be,* that 
 excited against him the hostility of the comic poets. 
 
 Such was the material which Lucian found ready to his hand in 
 
 * Aristophanes, Lystr. 817. Perhaps only a poetic scandal. 
 
200 TIM ON. 
 
 Timon. He adapted it to his purpose in such a way that Wieland 
 is fully justified in pronouncing this dialogue 'original in invention, 
 composition, purpose, and execution.' The idea of making Timon 
 become suddenly rich again after his thoughtless good-nature had 
 reduced him to poverty and pessimism, is altogether original with 
 Lucian. In his hands the story not only presents us with a vivid 
 picture of a generous nature in which ' the milk of human kindness' 
 had been turned to gall by ' benefits forgot,' but it becomes also 
 the vehicle for placing the effete hierarchy of Olympus before us in 
 no enviable light, and for satirizing without mercy the vices and 
 follies of the most diverse classes of society. The amiable spend- 
 thrift, the mean-hearted miser, the overbearing nonveau-riche, the 
 obsequious underling, and more especially the fawning parasite, 
 the flippant rhetorician, and the mountebank philosopher, are piti- 
 lessly stripped and lashed. 
 
 The course of the dialogue may be rapidly summarized as follows. 
 Timon, reduced to abject want by his unthinking generosity, has 
 left Athens, and betaken himself to a distant corner of Attica by 
 the sea. He is meanly clad, and is delving away in the stony soil 
 at paltry day's wages. As he toils, bitter reproaches at Zeus break 
 from his lips. Zeus is no longer the god he used to be. The 
 world grows worse and worse, and his bolt remains inactive. See 
 what he himself had suffered from ' man's ingratitude,' and Zeus 
 has taken no note of it. Will he never awake, — or is the Cretan 
 legend of his tomb, after all, the truth ? Zeus at last hears the 
 impudent brawler, and is astonished at learning from Hermes that 
 it is Timon, the savor of whose old-time hecatombs still lingers 
 agreeably in his nostrils. Surely he has been neglected too long. 
 But what could Zeus have done with his hands so full with per- 
 jurers, temple-thieves, and wrangling philosophers ? But now he 
 bids Hermes take Plutus and go to Timon. Plutus is loath to 
 return to one who had aforetime pitched him headlong out of 
 doors : he likes neither the spendthrift nor the miser, but those 
 who treat him as a helping friend. Zeus assures him that Timon 
 has learned sense with his digging, and bids him go. So Hermes 
 and Plutus set forth for Attica. On their way thither Plutus enter- 
 
INTRODUCTION. 201 
 
 tains Hermes with a racy narrative, abounding in the finest satire, 
 of his peculiarities, and of the absurd ways in which men treat him. 
 He is blind and halt when he comes, but when he goes, fleeter than 
 the wind and keener-eyed than Lynceus. He is never seen in pro- 
 pria ftersona, else he would be abhorred ; tricked out with dazzling 
 mask and bedizened with jewels, he mingles with mankind. They 
 reach the place at last where Timon, in company with Poverty, 
 Patience, and the like, is grubbing. He is very well content with 
 his present lot, and refuses stoutly at first to be made rich again. 
 Soon, however, he yields, ' since it is useless to resist the gods.' 
 Over the gleaming gold his mattock brings to the day he gloats for 
 a moment with old-time delight. Then he determines to employ 
 his new wealth only for the purpose of making his hatred of his 
 kind more manifest and more intense. He will build him a tower 
 over the treasure, and live there in absolute isolation. His name 
 shall be Misanthropos. He will hold no intercourse with his 
 fellows ; no kindly office will he do to man, accept none at his 
 hands. Hardly has this plan been formed when the parasites and 
 flatterers of the former day have heard of his new fortune and 
 hasten to fawn at his feet. Poet, parasite, orator, and philosopher 
 are greeted with mocking gibes, and driven howling off with cudgel- 
 blows from his mattock ; and the dialogue terminates with Timon 
 taking refuge from the thronging flatterers upon a little knoll, and 
 pelting them as they approach with stones. 
 
 This dialogue is usually considered Lucian's masterpiece. It is 
 wider in its interest and its scope ; it touches life at more points. 
 Every sentence indicates the most careful observation of life. In 
 spirited character-sketching, in keenness of satire, in vivid portrayal 
 of class follies and vices, Lucian is throughout at his best. The 
 character of Timon is boldly conceived and distinctly delineated ; 
 no haziness obscures its grand simplicity. There is something 
 Titanic about the hearty earnestness of his hatred for men, his 
 contempt for gods. Only for a moment does he relax, — when he 
 accepts the new wealth because it is idle to resist the gods ; but 
 the next moment he justifies himself by resolving that increase of 
 means shall breed increase of hate. Shakspere, in his ' Timon 
 
202 TIMON. 
 
 of Athens,' has done little more than amplify and exhibit m fuller 
 detail the Lucianic conception ; but, of course, with that inimitable 
 touch by which he made his own whatever ideas of another he 
 transferred to his canvas.* 
 
 The ' Plutus' of Aristophanes gave Lucian some suggestions, no 
 doubt, for his Plutus. But he has developed the character in a 
 perfectly original and independent manner. A comparison of the 
 two pieces shows, as Le Beau has already well observed, greater 
 similarity of the genius of the authors than of the works themselves. 
 The minor characters are simple sketches, but each one reveals 
 the master's hand. 
 
 The dialogue is full of instruction and truth for all time. The 
 faults, the follies, and the feelings it portrays and satirizes are 
 peculiar to no age or society. But it must have come with tre- 
 mendous force to the corrupt and luxurious society of the second 
 century, when parasites and sycophants plied their infamous calling 
 with unblushing assiduity, and when hare-brained rhetoricians and 
 mendicant philosophasters imposed and preyed upon society. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Timon is delving in a remote corner of Attica. All at once he hirsts forth 
 in derisive reproaches at Zeus for his lax government of the world, and 
 especially that he himself has suffered so sadly from those he had trusted. 
 
 P. 32. 1* 1. & Zev <j>i\i€, kt\., ' O Zeus, patron of friendship, of 
 hospitality, of comradeship, protector of hearth and home,' etc. All 
 these epithets are borrowed from the poets, at whom Lucian is laughing 
 
 * It is a matter of dispute by what means Shakspere became acquainted with Lucian's 
 Timon. His knowledge of Greek would hardly have allowed him to read the original, 
 and no English translation, so far as is known, existed at that time. But even a super- 
 ficial examination is enough to show that Shakspere must have known the dialogue of 
 Lucian through some source, while a closer study reveals striking resemblances not only 
 in the character of Timon, but also in situations and language. In this connection con- 
 sult the commentaries of Gervinus, and the introductions to the play in the different 
 editions, especially Hudson's and White's. 
 
NOTES. 203 
 
 as he uses them. 3. ical d . . . koXovcti, ' and whatever else the 
 thunderstruck poets call thee.' G. 166; H. 556. 4^p6vT-r\Toi^=attonJti. 
 Poets usually called eVfleot or OeoXriirroi. Here ambiguous term humor- 
 ously applied, its secondary meaning, 'stupid' (cf. our 'moon-struck'), 
 coming very near the surface. 6. vTrtpeiScis • • • pv>9fiov, ' thou dost 
 underprop the falling of the metre and fill up the yawning of the rhythm.' 
 rb tt7tttov and rb KexV^os parts, as subs. G. 276, 2; 139, 2 : H. 786, a. 
 
 7. <rot : ethical; cf. to Char. 1. f| lpi<r. den-., 'the terrific crash of 
 
 thy lightning.' A strange epithet; applied to Zeus, Hes. Theog. 815. 
 Cf. Ar. Clouds, 265. ao-Tpairf], the 'flash'; nepavvos, the 'thunderbolt,' 
 that which smites. 10. oltcxv^S, ' simply.' 11. &ja>, ' aside from.' 
 
 13. ouk ot8' 8tto>s : v. to Dream, 18. direo-pt] . . . tori, ' has been 
 
 quenched, and is cold.' Notice aor. where we prefer perf. H. 706. 
 
 14. |xt]8c : here, as below, 5 (34, 25), Attic usage would require ouSe. 
 
 2. 15. -yo^v* <at an Y rate.' t. ctti. tis kiri\iip., 'any one intending 
 
 to perjure himself.' For sentiment, cf. Ar. Clouds, 398 ff. 16. 'ioiXov, 
 'kept till morning'; hence 'stale,' — ' a stale wick,' i.e. a wick blown out 
 and stinking. ' The snuff of a last night's candle.' Tooke. 17. 8aX6v 
 nva, • a sort of firebrand.' 18. a>s = were, as often. 
 
 P. 33. 1. tovto . . . diroXati<r€iv, 'receive this damage': v. to Dream, 
 14, first note. Verb here in bad sense. Cf. Eur. Iph. in T. 526. For 
 gen. fob v. G. 170, 2; H. 574, d. 4. ZaXjxcuvcvs : son of Aeolus, and 
 brother of Sisyphus. He imitated thunder and lightning, and demanded 
 that sacrifices should be made to him as to Zeus. Zeus for his impiety 
 sent him to Tartarus by a stroke from his thunderbolt. Cf. Verg. Aen. 
 
 6, 585 ff. ov irdw ti dir£0. <ov, ' not at all an incredible personage;' 
 
 or, more freely, ' and the story is not at all incredible.' 5. T-pds, ' in 
 
 comparison with.' vJ/v)(.pov t. 6p\T)v, ' slow to wrath.' Cf. just below, 
 
 1. 12. G. 160, 1 ; H. 549. 6. -irtcs "ydp, ' for how could it be otherwise?' 
 
 = ' naturally enough.' 7. 8-irov -y€ = r?/w quidem. virb fiavSpavopa, 
 
 'under the influence of mandrake.' For the form of the gen., v. G. 39,3; 
 H. 136, d. For this narcotic, cf. X. Sym. 2, 24; Dem. Phil. 4, 6. The 
 ancients had many superstitions about the plant; among others, that it 
 sprung from human blood, and uttered shrieks when pulled. Shakspere 
 alludes to these in various places ; e. g. R. and J- 4, 3; Oth. 3, 3. Popular 
 etymology derived the word from avhp and ayopevw. 9. \r]jxa.s 8. k. 
 dn(3., ' blear-eyed and purblind,' or Shakspere's ' high gravel-blind.' 
 10. t. wra : G. 160, 1 ; H. 549. 3* 11. lireC, ' for.' Its sentence 
 really gives ground for statement easily supplied. Here ' (such must be 
 
204 TIMON. 
 
 the case), since,' etc. K. 569, A. 1. 12. dicp.aios t. opy'iv, 'thy 
 spirit was at its best.' 15. eiraTcryeiTo, ' was rolling.' Ar. Clouds, 389, 
 has the active in this sense. 16. Kal tj . . . irpotjKovT^eTo, « and thy 
 lightning was continually flashing hither and thither, like darts in a skir- 
 mish.' TrporfKou. occurs only here. 17. 01 (mcrjxol 81 koo-kivt|86v, 
 ' the earthquakes were like shakings of a sieve,' etc. These adverbs 
 have a comic sound; cf. De Hist Cons. 19. 18. I'va croi <j>op., kt\., 
 ' and to speak to thee in right bombastic style, the rains were tearing and 
 furious, every drop a river.' The last words are probably a quotation 
 from some tragic poet. This would account for the re. In that case, 
 <j>opTiKo>s, ' clownishly,' ' vulgarly,' is sarcastic. 20. cv &k. XP° V0V : 
 v. to Char. 14 (22, 29). 21. errl t. Acv , ' in the time of D.' The flood 
 of Deucalion, of which, it is fabled, only he and his wife Pyrrha were the 
 survivors. Cf. Hor. Car. 1,2, 5 ff . ; and v. Cox's Tales of An. Greece, 
 and Bayard Taylor's poem. 22. cV ti Kip. = una aliqua cymbula, 'one 
 craft, a sort of ark.' 23. AvKcopet : southernmost of the peaks of Par- 
 nassus. 24, £wirvpov ti, kt\., ' preserving some life-spark of the seed 
 of man for the generation of greater wickedness.' Cf. Plat. Laws, 3, 677 B. 
 Belief in the degeneracy of man from primal innocence common among 
 the ancients. The golden age made way to the silver, that to the bronze, 
 and last of all the iron. Cf. Hesiod, Works and Days, 109 ff. ; Ovid, 
 Met. 1, 89 ff. ; Juven. 13, 28 ff. ; Hor. Car. 1, 3, 25 ff., and 3, 6, 46 ff. : 
 ' Aetas parentum pejor avis tulit 
 nos tiequiores, mox daturos 
 progeniem vitiosiorem.' 
 
 4. 25. Toi-y&pToi, ' accordingly.' Connect with end of § 2. 26. t&- 
 
 irixeipot, ' wages,' ' reward.' Cf. Aesch. Prom. Vinct. 327. irap* 
 
 auTtov, ' from men.' 27. Gvovtos : G. 277, 2 ; H. 790, c. d yA\ 
 
 tis, ktA., ' unless, forsooth, some one does so (sc. dvei 7) ar^avol) as an 
 appendage to the Olympian games.' See to Char. 17. 29. gW els, 
 ktK., ' but out of conformity to an antiquated custom.' 30. Kpovov : 
 ancient king of Heaven, whose place Zeus usurped. ' They will make a 
 second Cronus of thee'; i. e. rob thee of thy throne. 
 
 P. 34. 2. €<o Xe'vciv, ' I forbear saying.' 3. 01 8e rives, 'but cer- 
 tain ones'; without antithetic 01 fieV; v. K. 527, A. 4. ' OXu|xiriacrLv : 
 
 adverb ; v. lex. 5. t. Kvvas, ' the watch-dogs.' 8. €Kct0Tj<ro. kt\ , 
 
 ' thou didst sit still, and suffer thy locks to be cut off all around by them.' 
 Hair, beard, mantle, and sandals of the statue of Zeus at Olympia were 
 of gold. Lucian speaks of this robbery again in Jup. Trag. 25. 
 
NOTES. 205 
 
 10. ravra : emphatic position. 11. irapopwpcva : G. 279, 1 ; H. 798. 
 13. <i>a€'SovT£s •' Phaethon, son of Helios, prevailed upon his father to 
 allow him one day to drive the sun-chariot. He could not manage the 
 steeds, and came near causing the destruction of the earth, when Zeus 
 smote him with his bolt. Cf. Dial. Deor. 25, and Ovid, Met. 1, 750 ff. 
 Translate, — ' How many Phaethons and Deucalions (i. e. conflagrations 
 and floods) will suffice against such overweening insolence of the 
 world?' 14. t. fiiov, 'the world,' 'human life.' As often in Charon. 
 5. i'va 70^, kt\., ' to leave the general question, and speak of my own 
 case.' 17. piLXXov 8e, kt\ , ' or rather had poured out my wealth 
 in streams for the benefit of my friends.' These parts, express means 
 (G. 277, 2; H. 789, b) ; but cf. note on Sovs, Dream, 3, and translate, — 
 ' when I had done so and so, and thanks to that had become poor.' 
 19. ovKcrt; kt\., ' I am no longer even recognized.' For sentiment, cf. 
 Ar. Plutus, 829-37. 20. irpds : here, as often in Lucian = vir6 with 
 
 gen. of agent. 24. iraA. veKpov, ' a man long dead.' •uirriav : pro- 
 
 leptic; cf. to ir\ayla y Char. 3, ' on its back, upturned by time.' 25. p.T]8e 
 dva-y., 'without even reading the inscription.' 26. kripav : sc. oSov. 
 
 8vo-&v. k. dir. 6c'., ' an unlucky and ill-omened sight.' 27. Gcajjia : 
 
 appositive of rbv — yeyei/. G. 137, 11. 4; H. 556. 28. ov 7rpb ito\., 
 
 ' not long before ' ; like ovk eis /u.ai<pdv, Dream, 1. 6. 30. Si^Ge'pav : 
 a coat of skins worn by herdsmen and peasants. Cf. Beck. Char. Exc. 1, 
 sc. xi. ; Ar. Clouds, 72. 
 
 P. 35. 1. 6£o\wv : G. 178; H. 578. 'At four obols a day'; about 
 twelve cents, — the ordinary wages of an agricultural laborer probably. 
 Consult Bockh, Publ. Econ. bk. 1. ch. 21. 3. (i^kcti . . . efi irpdr. : 
 explanatory of toCto, — ' I shall no longer see people in numbers prosper- 
 ing beyond their desert.' For part., G. 279, 2; H. 799. 5. tovto -ye : 
 this demonstrative, with ye, not seldom placed for special emphasis at 
 the end of the sentence. Cf. Piscat. 20. 6. tovtov : G. 142, 4, n. 1 ; 
 H. 538, end. 7. 'Ettip.6viSt]v : the Rip Van Winkle of antiquity. A 
 Cretan priest of Zeus, poet and seer. Pie fell asleep, it is said, in the 
 Dictaean Cave, and did not wake for forty, or, as some say, fifty or 
 fifty-seven years. 10. €7ri8si£ai Ttva, /cr\., ' show some of the spirit 
 of the vigorous and youthful Zeus, unless the tales told by the Cretans 
 about thee and thy tomb in their island are true.' A legend of the 
 Cretans affirmed that Zeus was buried near the city Cnosus. Lucian 
 never tires of alluding to this story in disparagement of the father of gods 
 and men. Cf. Jup. Trag. 45; De Sacrif. 10. 
 
206 TIMON. 
 
 The scene changes to Olympus. Zeus inquires of Hermes who it is that is 
 bawling up to heaven. Hermes astounds him by answering Timon, once 
 so rich ; the cause of whose poverty he then explains. 
 
 7. 14. 'Y|xi]TTdv : mountain of Attica, famous for its honey. Milton 
 speaks of it as ' flowery hill Hymettus, with the sound of bees' indus- 
 trious murmur.' 15. irivapos, ktK., ' quite filthy and squalid, and 
 clad in a leathern jerkin.' 16. !ti-ik€kik{>c&s : perf. here, as often, ex- 
 presses present condition rather than the act which produced it, — 'bent 
 
 (or bending) over.' XdXos • • • ©pacrvs, ' a garrulous and saucy fellow.' 
 
 17. $\ irov, ' of course, he must be a philosopher.' Strongly sarcastic. 
 The commonplace philosophers of the day, like the mendicant friars of 
 the Middle Ages, were a sorry lot. Lucian loses no opportunity to 
 satirize them. Cf. below, 54-5 ; Cock, 10-11 ; Icarom. passim ; and 
 
 notably Lapithae and Piscator. ov -ydp &v : when cond. is suppressed, 
 
 as here (G. 222; H. 746), ydp may be rendered 'otherwise.' oo-e£e?s, 
 predicate ; cf. to Dream, 2. 20. KoXXwea : Collytus was the name 
 of a deme of the phyle Aegeis. For account of the political divisions of 
 
 Athens, v. Grote, ch. xxxi. 6 . . . lo-ndo-as, ' who has banqueted us 
 
 with perfect sacrifices.' nard occurs nowhere else in this connection ; 
 the expression is formed after the analogy of Ka6' Upwv u/xoaai, e$xe(rdai. 
 Upa TtXeia corresponds to Homeric reXrjea-a-ai eKarSfifiai. 21. 6 vco- 
 irXovTos, 'who but just now was rich.' Elsewhere the word means the 
 nouveau-riche. 22. 6 t. 6X. 4k.: cf. to Char. 9 (18, 7). 23. elw- 
 
 6a|i6v : Bekker changes this to pluperfect ; Fritzsche approves. 
 
 t. Aidcria : a great festival at Athens in honor of Zeus MeiAt'x'os* cele- 
 brated in February. Cf. Thucyd. 1, 126. 24. <f>ev t. dXX, : v. to Char. 
 13(21,15). 25. rC iraOs&v, 'through what misfortune.' 26. av^fiTjpcs, 
 dQXios : the asyndeton is striking ; so Sommerbrodt brackets avx/J-vpSs, 
 and Fritzsche places d6\ios (with 6 prefixed) at the end of the preceding 
 sentence. 27. oiina . . . SltceXXav, ' so heavy is the mattock that he 
 bears.' fiapeTav predicate, as just above, aere/Sels. 8. 29. outohtI 
 [lev eliretv : G. 268; H. 772. ' One might say.' The antithesis is du 8e 
 a\r)6e? \6yci> (sc. etVeiV), 'but the truth is.' xp-qoro-rns, 'kind-hearted- 
 ness.' 
 
 ' Poor honest lord, brought low by his own heart ; 
 
 Undone by goodness ! Strange unusual blood, 
 
 When man's worst sin is, he does too much good! ' — Tim. of Ath. 4, 2. 
 
 P. 36. 1. fivoia k. €v. k. uk., ' folly, stupidity, and lack of discrimi- 
 nation.' eu770eta, lit. ' good-naturedness,' affords an instance of moral 
 
NOTES. 207 
 
 degeneracy of a word. See Trench, ' Study of Words,' lect?3; and cf. 
 common American degeneracy of ' clever.' 2. 8s ov <rvvi€i, ' for he 
 did not perceive that he,' etc. G. 238; H. 822. x a P l (°f i€l ' 0S > predicative 
 part, in subject relation. Cf. the Vergilian sensit medios delapsus in hostes. 
 4. K€i. t. fjirap : allusion to Prometheus. 5. croupous, ' boon com- 
 panions.' vir' cv. . . . popa, ' who, merely out of kindness to him, 
 
 enjoyed his bounty.' 9. t. p££as : a sudden and infelicitous change of 
 figure. A moment ago the vultures were gnawing his bones ; now they 
 leave him a felled and withered tree trunk. Cf. Tim. of Ath. 4, 3 : 
 * The mouths, the tongues, the eyes, and hearts of men, . . . 
 
 That numberless upon me stuck, as leaves 
 
 To on the oak, have with one winter's brush 
 
 Fell from their boughs, and left me open, bare, 
 
 For every storm that blows.' 
 
 11. inSGcv -yap ; ' for why should they ? ' = ' of course not.' 12. kv r. 
 
 (lipci, ' in their turn.' 8td TavTa, kt\., ' therefore with mattock and 
 
 leathern jerkin he has abandoned the city, and,' etc. 14. p.«r8ov, 'for 
 
 wages.' Genitive as above, 6, ofiSXctiv. peXa-y. r. kcuc., 'brooding over 
 
 his misfortunes.' G. 188, 1; H. 611. 15. pdXa iiircp., 'in utter dis- 
 dain.' ' With their noses in the air.' Tooke. 16. d Tipwv, kt\., 
 ' whether he might be called Timon.' The opt. in a vague and doubtful 
 question. K. 395, 5 end, with A. 2. 
 
 Zens justifies his long neglect of Timon by his multiplicity of cares ; directs 
 Hermes to take Plulus, with Treasure, and go to Timoii's relief. The 
 ingrates he will punish when he gets his bolt repaired. 
 
 9. 19. ^-yav. 8var , ' is vexed at his bad luck.' For part. v. refs. Char. 
 
 2 (12, 1). ktrti : connect with a/ieA^reos. ' For we shall be doing just 
 
 (Kal) the same as,' etc. For dat. G. 186; H. 603. 21. en-iXcXTjo-uivoi : 
 G. 277, 4 ; H. 789, e. 24. itXt|v, ' however.' Lucian oftener uses 
 7rAV ctAAa; v. to Charon, n (20, 2). 25. pia£op.€vwv, 'extortioners.' 
 26. eVi 8. k. <{>d. t. irapd, ' and furthermore, owing to fear caused by,' 
 etc. vir6 or e| more usual than 7rapa in such a connection. 28. ttoXijv 
 . . . dire'pXcxj/a, ' this long time have had no chance even to glance at,' etc. 
 
 30 Xd-y. fcpiSes, ' word-contentions.' tireiroX. avrois, ' come into 
 
 general vogue with them.' avrols refers by synesis to t. 'ArTt/ojj'; for 
 case, G. 184, 3; H. 601. 
 
 P. 37. 1. [ia\o\).ivoiv: sc. auriou; v. to Dream, 3 (2, 25). 3. ^ eiri- 
 Tpi_3fjvai, ktA., ' or be bored to death by them as they wrangle in loud 
 tones about their so-styled " virtue," and incorporeal substances, and the 
 
208 TIMON. 
 
 like nonserfse.' aper-fiv riva ironical of the ' virtue' of the sects. A-ftpovs 
 often so used as the climax to a list of particulars, all of which one wishes 
 to stamp with contempt ; cf. Dem. Olyn. 3, 29. ^vueipourwy, contemptu- 
 ous ; cf. Dream, 8 (4, 29). 5. toi, ' you see.' 10. 8. KaTaTa-xos: 
 periphrasis for adverb. Kara is often so used; cf. Kara <nrovS-f]v, 18 (41, 19). 
 
 11. 8ti: like ws with superlative = quam. H. 664. ckSimkt): cona- 
 
 tive force. 14. a$0is p-ev, ' later.' Antithesis in irXr t v, ktA.., 1. 23. 
 
 e^ciSdv t. k. eiri., 'when I have had my bolt repaired.' Aor. subj. like 
 Lat. fut. perf. H. 760; MT. 20, n. 1. 15. Ka.Teavjj.Evcu : classic Attic 
 would be Karedyaai. 17. oitotc . . . irpwTjv, 'since awhile ago I 
 launched it too zealously,' etc. 18. 'Avafjcryopav : of Clazomenae, 
 but long resident at Athens. He was the first to state the doctrine that 
 the present order of things is due to an intelligent principle (vovs). 
 Accused (450 b. c.) of blasphemy, he was saved from death by Pericles, 
 
 over whom he had exercised great influence. ehr-ciSe. ' was seeking to 
 
 convince.' G. 200, n, 2 ; H. 702. |xt]8€ . . . Geovs, ' that we gods are of 
 
 no account at all.' A euphemistic way, as Fritzsche remarks, of saying, 
 ' we do not exist.' Cob., however, V. L. 222, cuts out Tiuas, and wishes 
 /-ojSe changed to fiyHev. Sombdt. and Fr. bracket Tivas. Omitted, ' we 
 do not exist at all.' Present reading is paralleled in Vitar. Auct. 27: ov8e 
 7}fie?s &pa iaixev rives; -'aren't we, then, anybody ?' 21. 'Avaiceiov : 
 temple of the "Avanes (Castor and Pollux), 011 the north side of the 
 Acropolis. Reference is here had probably to a real event. 22. oXt-yov 
 8etv : v. to Dream, 16. 23. irepl t. irer., 'on the rock.' irepi in such 
 use unknown to Attic prose. Cf. Saturnal. 4. 24. el — 6pw<riv : 
 Fr. proposes to get rid of this impossible ind. pres., which is given by all 
 the MSS. save one, by changing et to idv, or by writing bpytv. Cob., 
 V. L. 222, with a single MS., drops et, making opaxriv participle. 
 
 Hermes gnimblingly fetches Plutus, who, remembering his former treatment, 
 is anything but pleased at the proposed return to Timon. 
 
 11. 26, olov f t v, ktX. : sarcastic exclamation, uttered as Hermes goes 
 in search of Plutus. ' What a fine thing it was to bellow so loud, and be 
 importunate and saucy ! ' 27. 8iKaioXo-yo0o-i, 'advocates.' 28. ISov 
 ■ye kt\., ' there is Timon, you see, will be raised all at once from extreme 
 poverty to wealth just for his shouting,' etc. 1806 = Fr. voila. Kara- 
 orT7)(T€Tai as in Char. 2. fidXa to be taken with avriKa; cf Ar. Frogs, 785. 
 P. 38. 1- €t &TKairr€v . . . &v 'da-Kaimv, ' if he had kept on digging 
 he would still be,' etc. G. 222 ; MT. 49, 2 ; H. 746. 4. ouk &v a-ntX , 
 
NOTES. 209 
 
 'I do not want to go,' etc. G. 226, 2, b; H. 722, b. 6. dtpicr* : the 
 
 respect of even Zeus for Plutus is amusingly sarcastic. k. Tavra : 
 
 Dream, 17 (9, 4). 12. 8. vf\ Ata : this has a droll sound uttered in 
 the face of Zeus himself. 10. irarpwov av. <{>. ovTa, 'friend though I 
 
 had been to him from his fathers' times.' [iovovo^x^ ' a H Dut / ' we ^ 
 
 nigh.' 8iKp. e^eJiOet : proverbial expression. Cf. Hor. Epist. 1, 10, 24. 
 
 11. KaC&rrep. kt\., ' as quickly as they who drop a live coal.' His money 
 'burned in his pockets.' Cf. Tim. of Ath. 1, 1 : 
 
 ' He pours % it out : Plutus, the god of gold, 
 Is but his steward; no meed, but he repays 
 Sevenfold above itself.' 
 
 12. a-rrtXOtt: G. 253; H. 720. 16. Xdpci, ' cormorants.' 17. T|p.£v : 
 G. 177; H. 583. 19. diro<j)€povT€s ; G. 279, i; H. 800. 20. dp.c- 
 \r\ri: found only here. 
 
 Zeus accuses Plutus of inconsistency : one while he complains of those who 
 keep him under boll and bar ; now of Timon, who gave him fullest liberty. 
 
 13. 27, T|<j>i€i: G. 105, 11.3; H. 314. 28. rovvavriov, ' on the con- 
 trary-.' G. 160, 2; H. 552. 30. o-TjpeiW €irif3 , 'by impressions of 
 seals ' = ' under seal.' The seal was often thus used for additional secur- 
 ity. Cf. Beck. Char. Exc. 1, sc. iii. near end. 
 
 P. 39. 2. TauTa -y. dirw., ' at any rate, you used to make such complaints 
 to me, and say,' etc. 3. iroX. t. o-kotw ' dense darkness.' For similar 
 combination, v. Char. 1 1 (20, 1 ). 5. irpbs t. KQos, ' as the result of the 
 habit.' For sentiment, cf. Catapl. 17. 6. d-iroBpdo-. . . . tl Xdp. : v. to 
 Dream, S (4, 23). 7. k. SXws, ' in a word.' 8. KaSd-rrtp, kt\., 
 'be immured like another Danae, and reared in virgin estate under the 
 charge of such sharp-sighted and utterly depraved masters as Usury and 
 Arithmetic' For Danae, v. note to Dial. Mar. 12. 11. 12. !£6v : 
 G. 27S, 2 ; II. 792. 13. ktr d8aas, ' in security.' /terct used in the 
 
 same way. t. ^oojti, 'the object of their passion.' 14. dXXd <j>v. 
 
 e-ypTj., ' they stay awake and watch it.' The antithesis is the clause intro- 
 duced by ot)5e, so <pv\a.TTovTas might have been expected ; but inf. dep. 
 directly on etpacr/ces preferred to prevent accumulation of participles. 
 16. iKavriv, ktA., 'thinking it sufficient enjoyment, not that they have the 
 power of enjoyment, but,' etc. ou negatives rb . . . ex ett/ as a whole. Cf. 
 X. Mem. 1, 1, 3. 18. t. ev t. <f> Kvva : allusion to a fable of Aesop 
 no longer extant. Cf. Adv. Indoct. ^,0. 19. Kpi9wv: G. 170, 1 ; H. 574, ^. 
 20. Kal KdT€"ye\as, kt\., ' you used even to ridicule them for saving,' etc. 
 
 14 
 
2 I O TIMON. 
 
 Predicative parts, in oblique case relation ; v. to Char. 17 (25, 21). 
 21. t. kcwvotcitov: v. to Char. 23 (30, 7). 22. a>s KaTdparos, kt\., 
 ' that some cursed servant or rascally steward will slink in secretly and 
 have a drunken revel, leaving his wretched and unamiable master to 
 brood over his interest by the light of a miserable narrow-necked lamplet 
 with thirsting wicklet.' For last expression, cf. Cock, 29; also Ar. Clouds, 
 56-9. 23. iraiSoTpi\|/ : usually regarded as false spelling for ired6Tpi\p 
 (which some write here), ' one who wears fetters out,' — a comic epithet 
 for a rascally slave. It makes good sense as it stands, however. Lit. 
 ' boy-troubler ' (' boy' used in the sense of slave by Greeks, as in the South 
 before the war) ; i.e. 'slave-driver' or 'beater.' The slave who held the 
 position of oiKouofxos often exercised severe authority over his fellows. 
 Either epithet gives the steward no amiable character. 28. eKciva 
 alTta<r9ai, ' to make charges of that kind.' See to Dream, 14 (7, 17). 
 
 Plutus asserts that he is right in both instances {his friends belong to neither 
 extreme), and proves his point by a striking analogy. 
 
 P. 40. 15. 1. 8<>£oj : fut. after vague condition, as Dream, 8 (4, 23). 
 
 2. t. irdv. ToiiTo dv. k. dp.., ' this excessive prodigality and carelessness.' 
 aueifievov, part, as abstract noun. G. 276, 2, and 139, 2; H. 786, b. 
 
 3. <os -n-pbs €jx«, ' at least, in relation to me.' cl-y restrictive, as sometimes 
 id; cf. Cic. Cato Major, ch. 4, near end. 4. KaTaKXeio-Tov ; sc. ijie. 
 For sentiment, cf. Ar. Plutus, 237 ff. 9. ovSc'v, kt\., ' since for no 
 fault of mine they let me corrode,' etc. 10. dirfaoriv, ' will pass away.' 
 For sentiment, cf. Char. 20. 16. 12. ckcivovs: those just mentioned; 
 tovtovs, the class to which Timon belongs, so thought of as nearer. 
 13. tovs — p.€T. km. t. irpd"y., 'those who stand ready to exercise moder- 
 ation in the case.' Cf. Hor. Car. 2, to, 5 ff. 14. |atjt€: with part. yA\ 
 renders expression hypothetical, 'the ones who,' 'all who,' in any sup- 
 posable case. G. 283, 4; H. 839; M. 207. 16. <S Zev irpbs t. Aids: 
 a humorous touch. Cf. Dial. Mort. 16, 1. 17. frmra : emphasizes 
 temporal force of preceding part. MT. 109, n. 1 ; H. 795, «. 19. M)a 
 &v eSeXoi : ind. disc, for subj. &u usually omitted in such cases. G. 242, 3; 
 but v. MT. 74, 1, n. 2. 24. ipcurGels iroWdias : a keen thrust at 
 Zeus; with which cf. Dial. Deor. 2. 17. 25. cir dpoTtp ira£. ^v 1 ! : 
 regular legal formula in Attic marriage contracts. 27. irapOevov : em- 
 phatic omission of the article. 29. 8fjAos wv : sc. £pa>v, ' show that he 
 was in love by his faded color, his dwindling flesh, and his hollow eyes ' 
 For €«tct. and vttoSsSvk., v. to Char. 17 (25, 21). For sentiment, cf. 
 
A T OTES. 211 
 
 'Two Gentlemen of Verona,' 2, 1, where Speed gives Valentine the marks 
 of a lover. 
 
 P. 41. 1. 2t9' frirws fieri potest ut ; parenthetic. 2. Bs'ov : v. above, 
 14, to e|oi/. 3. KaTa|xapaivwv . . . (Biov, 'because he allowed so beauti- 
 ful and lovely a maiden to wither away by treating her all her life like a 
 vestal.' 5. 0eo-|xod>6pa>, ' the Lawgiver'; viz. Demeter, who, by the 
 introduction of agriculture, prepared the way for orderly, law-restricted 
 society. A festival of five days — the Thesmophoria — was celebrated 
 yearly in October by the married women. In iepeta here, as also Dial. 
 Meretr. 7, 4, reference seems to be had to virgin priestesses, though we 
 
 hear nothing definite about them elsewhere. Tavra. k. av. ay , ' I too 
 
 have these causes of vexation.' For ravra, v. G. 159, n. 2; H. 547, c. 
 6. XaKTi^djxcvos : predicative, explanatory of ravra. 8. wo-irep, ktA.., 
 1 put in fetters like a branded runaway.' ire-ireS-rifi. used rather of resultant 
 state than of the act. 
 
 Zeus declares that both extremes, spendthrifts and misers, get their reward. 
 But go to Tim on ; if he despitefidly treats you again, the mattock once 
 more sliall be his portion. 
 
 18. 11. ko\t|V t. 8ix., ' a handsome penalty.' For pred. adj., v. to 
 Dream, 2. 12. TclvtoXos : v. to Char. 15. For sentiment, cf. 
 Horace, Sat. 1, 1, 6S ff. : 
 
 1 Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat 
 flumina. . . . Quid rides? mutato nomine te de 
 fabula narratur : congestis undique saccis 
 indormis inhians et tamquam parcere sacris 
 cogens aut pictis tamquam gaudere tabellis.' 
 
 14. <i>iv€vs: son of Agenor and king of Salmydessus. At the instigation 
 of their stepmother he put his sons to death. For this the Harpies were 
 sent, — monstrous creatures, that swooped down and devoured or fouled 
 his food. Cf. Verg. Aen. 3, 216 ff. Tposj>TJv : G. 164; H. 553, a. 
 
 15. dXX', 'so'; v. to Dream, 2. o-a><j>pov. it. iroAv, 'more sensible by 
 
 far.' 17. Ikcivos, 'Timon.' As often, translate this pron. by noun. 
 - — -yap itot€: ironical; an ellipse in reality, — '(I think not), for will 
 Timon ever,' ' what ! will Timon ever,' etc. 18. 4k ko<}>. . . . e|av- 
 t\£v, 'pouring me out with all his might, as though from a leaky basket, 
 before I have fairly run in.' For elapurji/ai, v. G. 274 ; H. 769. For 
 Kara (rirov5r)v, v. above, to 10 (37, S). 20. p.f) . . . avTov ; 'lest I rush 
 upon him in a flood and overwhelm him.' For irrrepaurXos (predicate), 
 v. H. 488, b, Rem. We have a confusion of images here : wealth is 
 
212 TIMON. 
 
 spoken of as a liquid; to this notion basket (k6^ipos) is abhorrent, while 
 perfectly proper of money itself. 21. AavatSwv : the fifty daughters 
 of Danaus, save Hypermnestra, slew their husbands on the wedding 
 night. Their punishment in the nether world was to pour water into 
 a leaky or bottomless cask. Cf. Apollod. 2, 1, 4; Hor. Car. 3, 11. 
 23. dXXd, kt\., 'but before it has run in almost the stream will have 
 flowed out, so very wide is the opening in the cask for the outflow and so 
 unconstrained the issue.' Subj. of elcrpvrjvcu implied from t. iirippeoi/ros. 
 To conceive of anything as having flowed out before it had run in 
 requires the rhetorical imagination of an Irishman. For a similar bull, 
 cf. Ar. Clouds, 631, and Cic. ad Famil. 4, 5. 19. 27. t. kcx^vos • • • 
 d.vcnre'inrajj.evov, ' this gaping and constantly open fissure.' The reading 
 here is awkward. Cob., V. L. 222, suggests rb dad-ira^ for the unparal- 
 leled expression here found. In either case the part, is used as a noun; 
 as it stands here, the article before k^xwos belonging equally to avcnrtirT. 
 To connect is rb aira^, ' once for all,' with i/j.(ppd£r)Tcu, as some do, 
 is a violent and unlikely possibility, though it affords good sense. 
 30. t. rpv-yi, ' the lees.' 
 
 P. 42. 1. |Ji€|xviicro : v. to Char. 7 (16, 8). 2. iiraviwv, 'on your 
 
 way back.' KuKXcD-rras : assistants of Hephaestus. Their workshop 
 
 was in Aetna. 4. TedT\y\iivov : perf. of condition resulting from previous 
 activity. Predicate, ' we shall want it sharp.' 
 
 Hermes and Plutus set out. Plutus explains that he is lame and blind when 
 he is sent to men ; swifter than dreams when he leaves them. Sudden 
 wealth conies from Pluto, zvhen what fools men are ! 
 
 20. 7. €XcXtj06is . • • <»v, ' I was unaware that you were,' etc. &v 
 predicative in subj. relation. G. 279, 4; H. 801. 9. ovk del tovto, 
 ' 'tis not so in every case.' 12. reXciv eirl t. TcpjAa, ' reach my goal. 5 
 TeAeTV often so used without 6§6v. 14. cLjxa . . . Kd-yw, ' the barrier, 
 at any rate, no sooner falls than I,' etc. Co-ordination where we sub- 
 ordinate ; v. to Dream, 3. uott A.7jy£ strictly the rope stretched across the 
 race-course. 21. XeuKov t^vvovs : Lucian often speaks of white horses 
 as an indication of wealth and magnificence. Cf. Char. 13; Cock, 12. 
 23. miaous irop^vpoi, ' in purple raiment.' The shoulders as part for the 
 
 whole, since they sustain the dress. Cf. II. 3, 328. XP W °X CI P € «> 
 
 'with gold rings upon their fingers.' Cf. Cock, 12; Icarom. 18; Nig. 21. 
 Rings were worn more and more for ornament in the later times, often 
 many at the same time. Cf. Beck. Char. n. 6, sc. xi. Of the earlier 
 
NOTES. 213 
 
 times Macrob., Saturn. 7, 13, says: veteres non ornatus sed signandi causa 
 annulum secum circumferebant. 21. 27. tot€, ' in those cases.' 
 
 28. IIXovtwv : god of the nether world. Lucian puns upon the name 
 here, and makes him the author of sudden riches, such as comes by will, 
 
 etc. &T6 . . . &v, 'for he too is a giver of wealth,' etc. are emphasizes 
 
 causal force of part. G. 277, n. 2 ; H. 795, d. 
 
 P. 43. 1. SiVrov, 'testament'; lit. 'tablet,' on which the testament 
 was written. Tablets were usually oblong strips of wood, with raised 
 margins, thinly covered with wax, fastened together with bits of wire like 
 hinges, and so opening like our books. The will having been written, 
 the tablets were closed, and bound with a triple cord and sealed, in the 
 presence of witnesses. The opening of the will took place soon after the 
 death of the testator, likewise in the presence of witnesses (here, in public, 
 eV ttj ayopi). Cf. Beck. Char. nn. 17 ff., sc. ix. 2. <f>opn56v : found 
 only here. Cob., V. L. 222, would change it to (popdSriv. Usually inter- 
 preted ' like a bundle'; but Sombdt. rightly sees that it is rather derived 
 from <popd, in the sense of 'rapid motion,' 'rush' ((pepeaOaL and ferri 
 here agree) : hence trans., ' with a rush.' 3. 6 pev . . . irpdK€iTai, ' the 
 corpse lies in state in some dark corner of the house.' irpoKeirai the 
 regular word for the lying in state in some fine room ; here bitterly 
 sarcastic. 6. liit 8« 01, kt\., ' but the expectant heirs wait in the 
 agora agape for me as twittering nestlings the approaching swallow.' 
 22. 9. t. Xivov : the cord about the tablets to which the seal was 
 attached. 12. k< ircu. ripios, 'esteemed for his sensual compliances.' 
 
 inrclup. t. yva. : for this expression and the sentiment of the passage, 
 
 cf. Dial. Mort. 9, 4. 13. dvri, ' in return for.' 14. fegupos wv, 
 
 ' though past his bloom.' pio-8wpa : a base word. For fu.tya, pred., 
 
 v. to Dream, 2. 6 "yevvaios, ' the fine fellow.' Appositive of oik€tt]s ; 
 
 strongly ironical. 15. ckclvos p-eV : the apodosis begins with these 
 words, the prot. being iireiZav . . . atroXafSuv. fxev has no answering 5e ; 
 it emphasizes the pronoun. K. 531, 2. The virtual antithesis is found 
 in t. K^xnvoras. 16. apiraxdaevos p.€, kt\., ' snatches me up, will and 
 all, and runs quickly off, and straightway gets his name changed to 
 Mcgacles, etc., instead of Phyrrius, etc., as it was before ' (tcws). With 
 
 aurfi 5fA.Tw, cf. Char. 6, aurrj KaaTaXia. (^epwv : expressive of manner. 
 
 Cf. below, 26; Icarom. 19 (106, 1) ; MT. 109, n. 8; H. 7S8, a, last part; 
 K. 4S6, 6. 17. nvppiou, kt\. : common slave names; while Megacles 
 et al. are names of highest families. Cf. Cock, 14, where another method 
 of changing names is mentioned. Such things are not unheard-of even 
 
214 TIMON. 
 
 in these days in the case of the nouveaux-riches. 20. oto$= on toiovtos 
 (G. 238; H. 822), ' that such a thunny fish had escaped from the inmost 
 part of the net after having devoured no little bait/ An allusion to the 
 presents they had given. Cf. Dial. Mort. 9. Cf. also Horace, Sat. 2, 5 ; 
 at line 25 Horace speaks of the rich man, in wait for whom the fortune- 
 hunters lie, by the same figure that L. uses here. 23. 22. 6 8e ep.. 
 &8. els Ipe, ' plunging upon me with all his might.' These words mark 
 clearly rude and awkward eagerness. 23. irax^Seppos : in a fig. sense ; 
 ' coarse.' 24. d irapioov dXXws pacr., ' if a passer-by cracks his whip 
 
 incidentally.' For this meaning of aWccs, temere, cf. Od. 14, 124. 
 
 €l — |iao-Ti^€i€ . . . fiords : v. to Char. I (11, 9). t. jivXtova . . . 
 
 irpocncvvtov, ' and paying his respect to the mill as though it were a 
 temple.' The meaning of this is obscure, while the general sense of the 
 passage is perfectly plain. The coarse and vulgar fellow suddenly 
 become rich still retains the instincts of the slave. He shudders when 
 he hears the clanking of fetters, pricks up his ear (i.e. is startled) at 
 the sudden snapping of a whip, and cannot see the mill, to the severe 
 labor of which slaves were sent as a punishment, without feelings of 
 dread akin to religious awe. Tre<ppiKu>s, kt\., concessive, — 'though he 
 has these instinctive feelings, yet he is no longer,' etc. 26. dvateropov, 
 ' holy of holies,' adytum. Sombdt. takes it to mean ' master's house,' but 
 cites no authority ; and then for irpoo-Kw&v very inaptly writes irpocrirTvoov, 
 
 which is certainly abhorrent to the sense. (poprjTos, ' bearable,' ' civil.' 
 
 28. t. ojxoSovXcus, ' those who were his fellow-slaves.' 29. &XP 1 & v 
 . . . €Kxq] : G. 239, 2; H. 758. 30. k<$ iropviSiov, ktA., 'falling into 
 the net of some little hussy or getting a fancy for keeping horses,' etc. 
 Horse-fancying is often mentioned as an expensive luxury; cf. Ar. Clouds, 
 opening scene. For the use of the parts., v. G. 277, 2; H. 789, b. 
 
 P. 44. 2. Nipe'ojs : cf. II. 2, 671 ff. The handsomest man in the 
 Grecian host. Cf. Dial. Mort. 25. 3. Kc'k. ^ K08. : well-known kings 
 of ancient Athens. o-vveTwrcpov, ' cleverer.' 4. <rvvdp.a, ' put to- 
 gether.' €KKcu8€Ka: comic hyperbole. L. is fond of this number for 
 
 that purpose ; cf. Cock, 12 (72, 12) ; Dial. Deor. 1. €v dK. t. \pov. : 
 
 v. to Char. 14 (22, 29). 5. &0\ios : cf. Char. 14 (22, 28), — 'till he, 
 poor devil, squanders in no time at all the riches that had been slowly 
 (ko.t bxlyov) accumulated by many perjuries and extortions and ras- 
 calities.' 
 
NOTES. 215 
 
 Since Phitus is blind, he cannot find his way to the worthy ; and as bad 
 men are more numerous, he oftener falls into their hands. 
 
 24. 8. avrd, kt\., ' the reality, I suppose (ttov), is about as you 
 say.' 9. cuitottovs : in contrast with oi>xi t. ifiavrov irocrl fiatii(c», 
 above, 21. 11. diroo-T€iXTj : G. 233; H. 757. 13. -yap : v. above 
 to 18 (41, 17). 14. ov -yap av . . . irpoo-rjetv : v. above to 7 (35, 17). 
 Aristides, famous alike for his love of justice and his poverty. 15. 'Itt- 
 itovikw k. KaWCa : father and son, proverbial for their wealth, like 
 Rothschilds of the present day ; not in very good repute otherwise. 
 Callias was the stepson of Pericles, and is satirized by Aristophanes for 
 his profligate life. Cf. Frogs, 428 ff. ; Birds, 284. For sentiment, cf. 
 Plutus, 86 ff. 19. &XP l • • • efi/irccrwv, ' till unawares I fall in with 
 somebody.' G. 279, 4 ; H. 801. For subj., v. above to 23 (43, 29). 
 20. cr\ t. 'Epfifiv : Hermes was accounted the god of treasure-trove and 
 of all sudden and unexpected gains. Hence called KepS&os, below, 41. 
 
 25. 26. Kal [id\a Sikchws, 'yes, and with perfect justice.' 6s V€ = 
 
 qui quidem. G. 238; H. 822. 27. dva^TTjo-ovTa : G. 277, 3; H. 789, d. 
 
 28. irpb iroX. 4k. t. Piou, ' this long time vanished from the world.' 
 
 29. AvyKcvs : one of the Argonauts, famous for his marvellous keenness 
 of vision. To his eyes ' the night was as the day, and fire as air.' Cf. 
 Morris's poem, 'Life and Death of Jason.' The name was proverbial 
 for clear sight. Cf. Char. 7; Icarom. 12; Ar. Plut. 210. 30. Are: 
 G. 277, n- 2, b\ H. 795, d. 
 
 P. 45. 1. irovTjpwv . . . eirexov., ' and scoundrels in vast numbers 
 control everything in the cities.' 7. thus, ' somehow.' 
 
 He docs not appear before men as he actually is, ugly and deformed, but 
 furnished with a wonderful mask. 
 
 26. 10. elpTJcrcTcu yap, ' for it must be said.' A parenthetic formula 
 often used by L. when something disagreeable to the speaker or the person 
 addressed is to be said. Cf. Icarom. 13 (101, 3) ; Zeuxis, 2. 11. 4k t. 
 o-xeXoiv : late and uncommon idiom for ace. of specif. 12. Tvxovxas ■ 
 sc. (rod. 14. £wvras : predicative. G. 279, 1 ; H. 800. We use the inf., 
 
 'endure to live.' 15. ovras : ind. disc. G. 2S0 es (3a0vKTJT£a, kt\.: 
 
 an allusion to the poem on poverty by Theognis, in which it is said : 
 
 avSp 1 ayaObv nevir) ttolvtidv 6a/unjeri fxd\i<TTa 
 
 Kal -yjjpu)? ttoXlov, Kvpve, Kal r]TTid\ov. 
 t)V Se \ph <t>evyovra Kal e? ^eyaKrjrea woi'rov 
 
 piTTTeiv, Kal n€Tpi>v, Kvpi'e, /car' 7JAi/3aTw*', 
 
2l6 TIMON. 
 
 16. 4>cpovT€s: v. above to 22 (43, 16). 17. virepopdo-Oai, kt\„ 'think- 
 ing they are overlooked (i.e. despised) by you, just because you did 
 
 not look at them at all.' Notice the paranomasia. Snircp : here, 
 
 as after all relative words, irep is emphatic ; but this combination is very 
 rare. Fritzsche, with Solanus, reads oreirep. The remark which this 
 introduces is a reflection of Hermes, and not a part of the preceding 
 statement. 18. t. dpx^v : G. 160, 2, third ex. ; H. 552. 19. &v — 
 ofioXovifjareias, el' ti £vvit]s : G. 227, 1 ; H. 750. 20. trauTOv : G. 171, 2; 
 
 H. 576. K0pvj3avTiav, ktA., ' they act like the Corybantes, in being 
 
 madly in love with such an object of passion.' For Corybantes, v. below, 
 
 41. 27. 22. ol'ei -yap : as just above, 24. 6pacr9ai, 'seem.' Hence 
 
 followed by the dat. 27. tj dtvvoia, ktA. : for sentiment, cf. Char. 21. 
 30. irpoo-wimov ti, ' a sort of mask.' 
 
 P. 4G. 3. avToirpoo-wirov, ' in my own person.' 5. «s, ' for.' 
 6. aiiTcov : G. 173, 2, n. ; H. 577, b, last ex. djJipXv»TTOVTes : predica- 
 tive part, in subj. relation, taking the place here of an ace. after kotc- 
 yivuxrnov, — ' they would accuse themselves of being short-sighted,' etc. 
 G. 279, 1 ; H. 798 ; C. 591, d. r. Tt]XiKavTa : G. 160, 2 ; H. 552. 
 
 Men put on this mask on becoming rich, and are still deceived as to his true 
 
 nature by the retinue of evil qualities that enter along with him. * How 
 
 wily thou art ! ' cries Hermes. 
 
 28. 8. ti oSv, ktA , 'why is it,, then, that even after they have come 
 
 into the possession of wealth,' etc. 10. ^v tis &<j>cupfiTcu . . . &v — 
 
 irpooivTo : v. to Char. 12 (20,29). cni-rovs : G. 164; H. 553. 16. t& 
 
 Troia: the article so used when the quality of something already men- 
 tioned is inquired about. Cf. just below, and Ar. Clouds, 1270. H. 538, d; 
 K. 465, 2 ; M. 11, R. 5. 18. crujxirapeiCT-^pxcTai XaQwv : a rare con- 
 struction; the common one (G. 279, 4; H. 801) would make Kadwv the 
 finite verb and <rv/xirap. the participle. Cf. Thucyd. 1, 65; and v. K. 482, 
 A. 14. 19. tv<|>os, 'conceit': lit. 'smoke,' 'vapor'; cf. 'airiness.' 
 23. Kdp.c . . . vu avTwv, ' and on me, the father, etc. who am accompanied 
 by them as by a bodyguard, he dotes with amazement.' 29. 28. 8vcncd- 
 toxos, ' hard to keep hold of.' Found only here. 
 
 ' But Treasure has been forgotten? 'JVo,' Plutus replies, ' he always remains 
 on earth? — Attica is reached. They approach Timo7i, Hermes leading 
 Plutus. 
 P. 47. 3. <os = &(TT€. irXT]o-id<ravTas ; quite general ; hence no 
 
 article. 4. p.€Ta£ti : v. to Dream, 17. 30. 9. Odppci t. y. cvckci, 
 
NOTES. 21 7 
 
 ' be quite at your ease on that score.' kv r. y^, kt\., ' for every time 
 
 when I ascend to you I leave him behind,' etc. As the act is often 
 repeated, pres. part, and not aor., which, however, Cob., V. L. 223, sug- 
 gests. 15. x\a;avSos : G. 171, I ; H. 574, b. 17. eS iroi. x €l P-> ' ^ ^ s 
 a good thing you keep hold of me.' 18. c YTT€pf36\a> ^ KXe'wvi: famous 
 demagogues during first ten years of the Peloponnesian war ; the first a 
 lamp-dealer, the second a tanner. For the latter, v. Grote, ch. liv. ; for the 
 former, ch. lvi. They were frequently the butt for the old comedy. Cf. 
 especially Ar. Knights, where Cleon is unmercifully lashed throughout 
 31. 21. 6 Tijxuv ovroori, ' it is Timon just here, near by, digging,' etc. 
 
 Poverty, Labor, and the like are with him. Pint us will flee. After b7'ief 
 words with Poverty, she a?id her companions retire ; and they step up to 
 Pirn on. 
 
 24. Kal 6 toi. . . . a-n-avTcov, ' and all the host that serve under the 
 banner of Hunger.' For similar const, with Tarro/nai, v. Piscat. 20 ; 
 Jup. Conf. 7. 27. ri oiv ovk d-iraX. : in such questions the aor. is 
 much commoner. K. 386, 10. 
 
 P. 48. 32. 3. 'Apv€u|>6vTa : for the various interpretations of 
 this standing epithet of Hermes, v. Keightley's Clas. Myth. 150 f. 
 8. inro : because of the passive force of KaKws exoura, — ' ill-used by.' 
 Cf. below, 55 (59, 28). Compare use of inr6 after awo8vi)<rKw, and similar 
 verbs, Char. 13 (22,4). 12. KTfjjia : incorporated in rel. sentence; 
 hence art., as usual, omitted. G. 154; H. 809, a. 13. aKpiPws it. dp. 
 Ij-np., 'after it had been carefully perfected in virtue.' 14. €yx €L P l<ra S : 
 G. 277, 2; H. 789, £. 15. ojiotov : pred. with airo<pr\vas, — 'having 
 
 rendered him like what he was of old.' a.yevvr\ : antithesis to ytvvaiov, 
 
 1. 10. 16. pa.Kos •ij. 7«v., ' having become no better than an old 
 rag.' Cf. Pseudol. 18. 33. 21. ofav p-c oS. air., 'what he will lose 
 in me.' Cf. Dream, 18 (9, 15). 22. t. dpurrwv : obj. gen.; neuter, 
 cf. Dream, n (6, 6). 24. 8i€T€'\€<rev, 'continued.' Usually accom- 
 panied by participle. irpbs av. d-7roJ3X., 'putting his trust in himself.' 
 
 25. wTirep eo-Tty, 'as they really are.' 26. dXXoTpia, 'foreign to 
 him,' ' not worth a thought.' With these words of Poverty, cf. what 
 Poverty has to say for herself in Ar. Plutus, 467 ff . 
 
 Timon greets them with curses and threats of violence, — whereat Plutus 
 quakes, — and states the grounds of his hatred of Plutus. 
 P. 40. 34. 1. Tais PjoX. : the article, because the clods and stones 
 were just at hand. 3. ov -ydo . . . paXeis, ' for we are not men whom,' etc. 
 
21 8 TIM ON. 
 
 6. d-yaByj rvyr], 'and good fortune attend you.' A common formula; 
 
 cf. Dem. Olyn. 3, 18. G. 188, 5; H. 604. 8. ^Stj, 'presently.' 
 
 Kairoi : often used, as here, by L. and other late writers, where Attic 
 Kaiirep. 10. Kal Itti., /ctA., ' I think I'll just («a/) break his pate,' etc. 
 Fut. inf. not seldom after 8oko> ; cf. below, 42 (53, 7). 12. dirl<op.€V : 
 G. 253; H. 720, a. 13. ou p.eTpi«s, 'violently'; litotes. 14. p/fj : 
 connect with k-Kiw^v. 35. 15. p.i]8lv o-kcuov : sc. iroiei. H. 508, £. 
 
 dXXd, /ctA., ' but lay aside this extreme boorishness and roughness, 
 
 stretch forth your hand, and,' etc. For aypiov, v. G. 139, 2 ; H. 496. 
 For rd>, v. Dream, 6. 18. l'o-9t 'A0. t. irpwTa, ' be the first of the 
 Athenians.' For t. Trpajra so used, cf. Eur. Med. 917 ; in Lat. Lucret. 1, 86. 
 K. 362. 19. pov. av. cvS., ' keeping your good fortune all to yourself.' 
 
 24. TovSe, kt\. : II. 15, 202, words of Iris to the angry Poseidon. 
 
 25. ^v : we prefer the present here. The imp. used with ref. to the 
 beginning in past time of the state which still continues. 'It was quite 
 natural, after having suffered, etc., to be so and so.' Cf. MT. 11, n. 7; 
 K. 383, 5. 26. avrwv : with ref. to noun part of fiKravOpanrop ; so 
 instead of r. QeS>v we might have had a pron. referring in the same way to 
 fxiarSdeov. 36. 28. d\\d : here, as often in conversation, aAAci makes 
 a sudden transition. We in such cases generally use no particle, or, if 
 any, the convenient Yankee makeshift ' well.' 29. 4iri|X€Xeias : G. 173, 1. 
 H. 577, a. 30. ovk &v XdjB. : v. above to 11 (38, 4). 
 
 P. 50. 1. ri 8tj ; ' why, pray ? ' 2. kch : emphasizes -rraXai. 
 3. KctTeo-TT], ' he became,' ' was.' Cf. above, 11 (37, 29), and just below, 38. 
 
 irapaSotJs : with foil, parts., expressive of means. For 8ia<p0e{pas and 
 
 airo(pT]vas, understand e'jue as object. 5. reXos, ' at last,' as Dream, 6. 
 
 7. fji€ : obj. of KaTayv/Avdaao-a, but to be taken with all the foil, parts. 
 and verbs, varying the case as they demand. 9. Kdjxvovn : intrans. ; 
 freely, ' by labor.' 10. t. iroX. IkcCvwv, ' the great luxuries of former 
 
 days.' G. 171, 2; H. 583. e| avrov, kt\., ' by making all my hopes 
 
 for life depend upon myself.' avrov ifiov more emphatic than i/xavrov. 
 Cf. above, 33, irpbs avrhv airo&AeTr&v. 12. 8v o#re, ktA., ' which 
 neither fawning flatterer, nor cringing sycophant, nor exasperated mob, 
 nor voting assembly-man, nor plotting tyrant could deprive me of.' For 
 opt.,- v. G. 226,2,(5; H. 722. 37. 16. Toi-yapovv : like roiydprot, 
 emphatic 'therefore.' 18. dX«piTa, ' bread.' 19. iraXLvSpop-os : un- 
 Attic word. 21. licavbv -?jv: for mood, v. to /caAws el^ei/, Char. 1 (11,5). 
 ' It were enough for me,' ' I should be quite satisfied to make all men, 
 young and old, groan.' tj{3t]S6v, ' from youth upwards.' Cf. Vitar. 
 
NOTES. 219 
 
 Auct. 14; Hdt. 1, 172. 22. iroi^crat: G. 259; H. 763. 23. p.T]8afj.<3s, 
 actA., ' don't do it, my dear sir; not all of them are adapted to groaning.' 
 The humor of this remark is quite irresistible. Timon, savagely : ' I should 
 like to make everybody groan ! ' Hermes, quietly, respectfully : ' Yes, 
 but don't; some have no aptitude for groaning.' 24. dXX.' '4a, actA., 
 
 ' so have done with these pettish, puerile notions,' etc. 26. ovtol, actA. : 
 imitation of II. 3, 65, where Paris says, with ref. to the gifts of Aphrodite, 
 ov roi airo^K-qT Icrrl Qewu ipiKvftea Su>pa. 
 
 Phitus answers Timoifs charges, and throws all blame upon Timon 
 
 himself. 
 28. PovXei Sikcu. : v. to Char. 9(18,10). 29. Xe'vovn : predicative 
 part. — ' at my speaking.' Cf. just below, \4yovra. G. 279, 1 ; H. 800. 
 
 P. 51. 1. dvc'fjojJLcu, ktA., 4 1 will put up with your speaking briefly, 
 for the sake of Hermes here.' 38. 3. expfiv : like iicavbu i)v, just 
 above. 4. KaTTjvop^t'vTa : take in agreement with subj. of previous 
 inf. This construction would be impossible in Attic, where one could 
 not say K<iT7)yopr)dr)v iy&, but KaTTiyoprjdri 4/j.ov. Cob , V. L. 82, would 
 strike out the comma and insert irpos before ovrw (cf. Dial. Mort. 12, 4; 
 ib. 16, 3), when the part, would become the modifier of iroWd. iroAAa, 
 as it stands, cognate ace. 6. irpoeSpias : v. to Dream, 11 (6, 10). 
 7. o-tc^xxvwv, ' crowns of honor.' Cf. below to 51 (57, 26). 8. 81' ijil, 
 1 thanks to me.' This clause is parenthetic. 9. ck : often so used by 
 late writers, after the example of Herodotus, with passive and neuter 
 verbs, where Attic prose usually has viro. 10. (idXXov, ktA., • rather I 
 myself have received this wrong at your hands.' toCto, cognate ace. 
 (G. 159, n. 4; H. 547, c, and 555, a), explained by the 8i6ti (= 3r*) 
 clause. 15. direXaScis : for this and foil, part., v. above to 27 (46, 6). 
 16. tin. K€cj>a\r|v, ' headlong.' 17. x^ av ^o$ : much the same as the 
 chlamys, only of finer stuff. A mantle of oblong quadrangular shape, 
 fastened upon the right shoulder with a button. See Beck. Char. Exc. 1 
 to sc. xi. 19. p.TjKe'G' TJKtiv, acta., ' that I might not have to come to 
 you who had behaved so despitefully toward me.' 
 
 Timon consents at last to accept wealth again. Hermes exhorts him to 
 patience, and departs. Phitus summons Treasure to appear where Timon 
 is digging, and leaves him to himself. 
 39. 23. wot€ . . . avru, ' so be of good cheer, and abide with him.' 
 
 24. o-KdiTT€, ' keep on digging.' Notice force of present. a>s fe'xcis, 
 
 'as you are'; i.e. 'at once,' 'without delay.' Cf. Menip. 7; Hermot. 63; 
 
220 TIM ON. 
 
 Hdt. i, 114. 28. ti -yap . . . tis, 'for what could a man do,' etc. koX 
 intensive. Cf. Char. 2(11, 23). 
 
 P. *>2. 1. ov8ev d8iK., ' though I have done no wrong.' 40. 3. 8t* 
 
 Ipi, ' for my sake.' As above, 37, 8m t. 'Ep,urjj/. ko.1 el, ' even if.' 
 
 4. ovk: negatives olarov alone, — unbearable'; hence not ^77, though 
 in a cond. sentence. Cf. MT. 47, 3, n. ; H. 842. 5. Siappaywo-iv : 
 
 cf. Char. 21 (27, 24). tnrb t. <f>0dvov, 'for envy.' 6. vire'p, * by the 
 
 way of.' Like German iiber. 9. t. elpecria t. irrepwv, ' by the oarage 
 of his wings,' 'by the flutter.' Cf. Verg. Aen. 6, 19: remigium alarum. 
 11. pdMov 8e, ' or rather keep striking.' 13. dveXeVGai : G. 265 ; 
 
 H. 765 (3a06ias : sc. -ras TrX-qyas. Cf. below, 53 (58, 27). 14. vp.iv : 
 
 G. 184, 3 ; H. 597. 
 
 Timon brings the treasure to light, and bursts into exclamations of joy. 
 
 Then he resolves to live in complete isolation. He will do no kind act ; 
 
 suffer none : even in death he ivill be alone. 
 41. 17. Tepdo-Tie, 'sender of marvels'; because of the prodigy Timon 
 sees in catching sight of the gold. 18. Kopv(3avT€s: priests of Cybele, 
 in Phrygia, who celebrated their rites in the wildest, most excited manner. 
 Hence their name became synonymous with frenzy, and a verb, nopv- 
 fiavTiav (cf. above, 26), was in common use. So quite natural that Timon, 
 almost wild at the sight of the new-found treasure, should cry to them. 
 
 'Eppfj KepSwe : v. above to 24 (44, 20). 19. 8e8ia, /crA., ' I fear, 
 
 at any rate, lest I shall wake and find it coals.' An allusion to the popu- 
 lar belief, not yet altogether vanished, that treasure-trove turns to coals. 
 
 23. a> XP v<r€ > ktA - : an iambic trimeter from some lost tragedy of Euripi- 
 des ; quoted again, Cock, 14. Seijuopct, 'welcome gift,' 'blessing.' 
 
 24. cu.C6p.evov, ktK. : from the beginning of Pindar's first Olymp. Ode, 
 
 for which, v. Cock, 7. &t€, 'just like a flaming fire.' 26. Aia . . . 
 
 Xpv<rov : allusion to the legend of Danae ; for which, v. note to Dial. 
 
 Mar. 12. t£$ -yap ovk &v . . . vireS^aTO : v. to Char. 4 (14, 5). With 
 
 this section, cf. Timon of Athens, 4, 3 : 
 
 1 What is here ? 
 Gold? yellow, glittering, precious gold ? 
 No, gods, I am no idle votarist. . . . 
 O thou sweet king-killer, and dear divorce 
 'Twixt natural son and sire ; thou bright denier 
 Of Hymen's purest bed ! thou valiant Mars! 
 Thou ever young, fresh, loved, and delicate wooer, 
 Whose blush doth thaw. the consecrated snow 
 That lies on Dian's lap ! ' 
 
NOTES. 221 
 
 42. 29. Mi8a : the rich king of Phrygia. Cf. Dial. Mort. 2 All that 
 he touched turned to gold, according to the veracious statements of Ovid, 
 
 Metam. II, 85 ff. Kpours : v. to Char. 9 (17, 29). t. ev AeX. 
 
 &va0T|[JLaTa : the treasures of the temple at Delphi were proverbial even 
 in Homeric times. 30. fjT€ : the imperfect, especially with &pa, is 
 often used, as here (where Eng. prefers the present), of a condition 
 previously existent but only just now recognized. MT. ir, n. 6; M. 113, 
 R. 3 ; K. 383, 5. For the same idiom in Latin, v. Allen and G. 277, d. 
 
 P. 53. 3. t. Ilavl tovit({), ' to Pan here.' An image of Pan, the god 
 of rural life near by. To him he very properly devotes the insignia of the 
 life from which his new-found treasure sets him free. Cf. Ar. Plutus, 844. 
 4. t. ecrxcu-idv, 'the extremity'; but used of an estate lying upon the 
 border or the coast. Here a point on the sea near Halae : Pausanias, 30, 4, 
 mentions the tower. 5. p.6vu : G. 138,11.8. 6. Ikcivov : as above, 
 
 37 (50, 21). 7. 'i^av : v. to 34 (49, n). ScSo'x^w, 'let it have been 
 
 decided,' 'be it decreed,' i. e. once for all. His determination put into the 
 shape of a law. For tense, v. G. 202, 2, n. 1 ; MT. 18, 2. 10. 'EXcou 
 Pw^ds : the altar of mercy was in the agora at Athens, where it stood from 
 time immemorial till the death of the Emperor Julian. Cf. Bis Ace. 21 ; 
 
 Pausan. 1, 17, 1. tfGXos iroXtJs, ' utter nonsense.' 12. -rrapavofua, 
 
 ktA.., ' a violation of law and a breach of manners.' 13. KaQcurep t. 
 Xvkois : cf. Saturn. 34. 43. 16. p.6vov : adverb, — ' if I merely catch 
 
 sight of a man.' diro<|>pas t| tj|j.€ool, dies ncfastus : a day on which no 
 
 public business was done; hence an 'unlucky day.' 20. ^vXeVai, /crA., 
 ' the terms fellow-tribesmen, fellow-wardsmen, fellow-townsmen, the 
 name fatherland itself, shall be frigid and useless expressions, objects of 
 rivalry among senseless men.' (pvXerai were members of the tribes or 
 phyles, of which there were ten, after the constitution of Cleisthenes; 
 the demes were subdivisions of the tribes; the phratries were more of 
 the nature of clans. Cf. Grote, ch. x. 23. Tpv<{>dTtt, ktA., ' let him 
 enjoy his luxury alone by himself, free from flatteries and tiresome adu- 
 lation.' 26. cKao-Tcn-w t. &XXcov, 'far, far from the world'; so far 
 that he has no neighbor, nor even one that borders upon his land ! 
 
 27. Ka0a,7ra|, /ct\., ' be it once for all decreed that he alone shall bid 
 himself farewell, and when the time comes to die shall place the wreath 
 
 upon his brow.' Sety-oo-acrOcu, 'give the right hand.' Used in same 
 
 sense as here, X. Cyr. 8, 7, 28. For tense of this and fob inf., v. MT. 23, 1. 
 
 28. o-T€t}>avov iTTivtyKtlv : the dead was crowned, like a victor, with a 
 wreath, composed of the flowers in season. C^ De Luct. 1 1 , Ar. Lystr. G02; 
 
222 TIMON: 
 
 Beck. Char. Exc. to sc. ix. Misanthropy here reaches the climax. He 
 will die as he lives, absolutely alone. An epitaph (Anthol. 3, p. 284) 
 represents him as still the same after death : 
 
 Kal ve'/cu? £>v Tifxwv aypios, <rv 6e y a> 7rvAaiope 
 HkovT(x>vos Tap/3ei, Kt'p/3epe, /xyj ae Suxkyj. 
 
 44. 29. Mi<rav8pw7ros : cf. Le Misanthrope of Moliere, sc. I ; and 
 especially the last two acts of Tim. of Athens, — in 4, 3 : 
 
 'I am Misanthropos, and hate mankind.' 
 
 P. 54. 1. el t'Soifu . . . KaTao-fUvvvvcH : used with substantially 
 
 same force as tjv irapacpepr) . . . wQtiv, just below : v. to Char. 1 (11, 9). 
 
 3. KctTao-pevvvvai : this and a>0e?v dependent upon 8z86xQo>, implied 
 
 from above. Cf. MT. 103. For tense, MT. 15, 1, and Rem. 6. «s — 
 
 8wr]0eu] : v. to Char. 1 (11, 1), for mood. 7. t. i'cnp : sc. fio7pav. 
 
 €l<rrryT|<raTO, /crA., ' Timon, the son of Echecratides, of the deme Collytus, 
 moved the law ; the said Timon put it to the Ecclesia to vote. Well and 
 good ; let this stand decreed, and let us strenuously abide by it.' Article 
 omitted before 'Ex^Kparidov, as usual in state papers. Cf. the various 
 documents in Dem. on the Crown. It was the duty of the linaTaT^s 
 (later irpoeSpoi) to put the motion. Here, With fine humor, Timon is 
 represented as proposing the motion, as acting in the capacity of chair- 
 man, and as being the deliberating and legislative body all at one time. 
 For full description of the ecclesia and mode of procedure in it, consult 
 Smith's Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Antiq. 
 
 He wishes the false friends of former days were aware of his new fortune. — 
 * Lo, they have heard. First Gnathonides, a poet, approaches. Curses and 
 cudgelling are his reception. 
 
 45. 10. irepl iro\. &v iroir)(raijn\v, ' I should consider it a bit of 
 good fortune,' 'I would give a good deal.' G. 226, 2, b ; H. 722. 
 11. ttcos: has much the same force as tls after adjectives; v. to Dream, I. 
 
 Tcuh-a : explained by the 8ioti (= on, as above, 38) clause. Greek 
 
 often uses neut. pi., as here, where we the sing. H. 518, b. 12. d-yx.ovr] 
 . . . avTois, ' that would be as good as hanging for them.' 13. <j>ei) t. 
 tcIxods : v. to Char. 13 (22, 15). 16. ^pva-Cov : G. 171,2; H. 576. 
 
 17. cnrtXavva) : G. 256; H. 720, c. tois XiBois : v. to 34 (49, 1). 
 
 19. elo-diraij, 'for this once.' 20. kcu : intensive. wore, kt\., 
 
 1 so let us stand our ground and receive them.' Sxrre as above, 6. 
 21. <f>€'p i'8« : v. to Char. 5 (14, 12). 22. rva0wv£8iis : Gnathon 
 
 often occurs in the new comedy as the name of a parasite. Terence has 
 
NOTES. 223 
 
 Gnatho in the Eunuchus ; Englished, it is ' Cheeky.' 24. IjjiTjfieKcos : 
 a comic way of saying he had drunken. cfi ciroujo-tv : v. to 30 (47, 17). 
 
 46. 28, X a ^P € > kt\., ' good day, Timon. How fares it with my finest, 
 best of fellows, my prince of boon companions ? ' 30. vnSi : colloquial 
 
 Attic for vr) Aia. k<x! <rv -ye : sc. xa?pe, — ' Zounds ! good day to you, 
 
 my most voracious of vultures, most villanous of men ! ' 
 
 P. 55. 3. del <piX. cni ye, ' you are always fond of your joke.' 
 
 4. as, ' for.' kcuvov ti, ' a brand new.' 5. 8i6vpdp.pwv : lyric 
 
 poetry in honor of Dionysus, and later of other gods, sung originally by 
 choruses, afterwards by soloists, characterized by its great freedom of 
 versification and tropical luxuriance of imagery. 6. eXe-ycia = e\syov 
 here, ' a song of mourning.' Your new-fangled dithyrambs of joy will 
 
 make way for an elegiac strain. p.dXa irepnraGws, ' right pathetically.' 
 
 The word is ambiguous, — ' my mattock will furnish you with pathos.' 
 7. vtto rav. t. 8tx., ' with this mattock to accompany you.' 8. papTv- 
 pofj-cu, ' I'll summon witnesses.' 10. Tpavpairos : G. 173, 2 ; H. 577, b. 
 
 "Ap«iov irdvov : the court of the Areopagus, which had jurisdiction 
 
 in cases of ' wilful murder and wounding, of arson and poisoning.' 
 12. TrpocrK€K\T|crop.ai : in passive sense ; the fut. perf. marks the action as 
 emphatically certain. K. 388, 2. 14. Seivws, kt\., ' for it is a sove- 
 reign remedy for stanching blood.' 17. <rv 8£ . . . -ytvop-cvos, ' but you 
 will get no joy by making a churl out of the fine fellow you were.' With 
 this scene cf. Tim. of Athens, act 5, sc. 1. 
 
 Then Philiades, the parasite, who is greeted with like coin'tcsy. 
 
 47. 20. ^tXidS-qs : 'Mr. " Friendly," most abominable of all parasites.' 
 22. irpoiKa, ' as dowry.' Cf. Tim. of Athens, sc. 1, where Timon 
 enriches his servant Lucilius that he may wed. 23. oitotc, kt\., 
 1 when, though all the rest kept silent, he lauded my singing to the skies, 
 asserting with an oath,' etc. aaavra predic. in object relation, — 'praised 
 me (my) having sung.' 25. kvkvwv : the sweet singing of the swans 
 was a current belief of antiquity. 26. -H-X^-yds 6 -ycv. irpocrev. : this is 
 the main sentence ; ovtos. 1. 21, the subject. For 6 yevi/a?os> cf. above to 
 22 (43, 14). 48. 28. dvcucrxwTias : a delicate stroke. Philiades 
 forgets his own impudence, but sees that of Gnathonides. For the gen., 
 v. to Char. 13 (22, 15). 
 
 P. 56. 2. 6p.ws, ' nevertheless,' i. e. though we might have claims 
 upon him, ' as old acquaintances, and since we were boys together and 
 fellow-demesmen,^/ we are moderate.' lirt-ir^Sdv, ' jump upon,' ' crowd 
 
224 TIMON. 
 
 our way into his society,' ' bore him.' 3. 8ira)s — c^vXagrj : ellipsis of 
 governing verb. G. 217, n. 4; H. 756, a. 4. t. Iirl t. Tpair. |idvov, 
 ' mere trencher-friends.' 6. ovketi, ktA., ' one can't trust anybody any 
 more.' TrtanvTea pi., as often in impersonal constructions. H. 518, a. 
 
 tuv vvv : G. 141, n. 3. 9. o>s ttXovtoltjs . . . ttXovtov, 'that you 
 
 were wealthy with enormous wealth.' Cf. Char. 11 (20, 5). 12. 8s kcu, 
 
 ktA., ' for you could recommend even to Nestor what were best.' 
 
 Nec-ropi : king of ' sandy Pylos,' wisest of the Greek host at Troy, 
 whose advice was sought in all emergencies. 16. t. xpaviov : v. to 
 Char. 5 (14, 24). 
 
 Next Demeas, with a flattering bill in honor of Timon in his hand, which 
 he will sicbmit to the Senate. Timon mocks and beats him. 
 
 49. 18. A^p-eas : the public man, ' Mr. Politician.' 20. ckkcuScko, : 
 
 v. above to 23 (44, 4). imp' epov, ' from my purse.' 22. ovk 
 
 cVjtoSiSovs, ' in default of payment.' With this cf. Tim. of Athens, 1, 1, 
 where Timon sends the ransom money for Ventidius. 24. 'Ep.ex.9T]'C8i 
 <}>vXt} : Lucian nods here. The deme Collytus, to which Timon belonged 
 (v. above, 7), was of the Phyle Aegeis, not Erechtheis. Of course, Timon 
 would have no right to claim anything in another phyle than his own. 
 t. QmpiK6v : a fund out of which the citizens at Athens were fur- 
 nished with money to pay the entrance fee to the theatre and for similar 
 purposes. For full information, v. Bockh, Publ.' Econ. bk. 2, ch. 13. 
 
 25. t. •yivop.evov, 'what was due.' Cf. Dream, 1. ovk tyr\ : in Eng. 
 
 we put the neg. with the dependent verb in this case. Latin {nego) agrees 
 with the Greek. Cf. our colloquial ' I don't think he will come,' where 
 neg. more properly belongs to the subordinate clause. 26. itoX£tt]v : 
 only citizens had a right to this gratuity. 50. 27. t. ne'va 6<{> , ' the 
 great ornament.' Aeschines has this expression (De Fals. Leg. 24) ironi- 
 cally of Demosthenes. 28. t. 2p€io-jxa : so Pindar says of Athens, — 
 al Kiirapal /cat aoiSi/not 'EAAaSos epeicr/xa 'AQavai. 29. kcu u.T|V, 
 
 * assuredly.' 6 8f]p.os £w€i\., ' the people in assembly' ; by whom the 
 
 proposed law must be passed. 30. al $ov. djicpoT. : the Court of the 
 Areopagus and the Senate or Boule of Five Hundred. This is a bit of 
 bombastic extravagance. The Areopagus at this time had nothing to do 
 with legislation. 
 
 P. 57. 1. virlp crov, ' in your favor.' 2. 6 'Ex*. : it is more usual 
 to omit article in such a legal formula. Cf. above to 44 (54, 8). 3. koAos 
 KctvaOos, 'of genuine culture.' The Greek ideal of all manly excellence 
 
NOTES. 22 5 
 
 summed up in this constantly recurring phrase. Translation must vary 
 according to connection. 5. SiaTeXei irpctTTwv, ' continually does what 
 is best.' Usual formula in public decrees of men who deserved well at 
 the hands of the state. 6. v€vikt]K€ . . . Iv 'OXvp/nia, ' has been victor 
 at Olympia in boxing,' etc. More usual idiom were 'OXv/xiria, ace. pi., as 
 below, 53 ; as also Lat. vincere Olympia. But as the kind of victory is 
 described by the use of the cognate ace, the present idiom is preferred to 
 prevent accumulation of aces. 7. reXeiw ftppa-rt, ' four-in-hand of full- 
 grown steeds'; as distinguished from a span of colts, avvcaplSi ircoALicfj. 
 9. dXX, ktA., 'but I have never been to Olympia as a spectator even.' 
 Cf. Ar. Wasps, 1188; Thucyd. 3, 104. 11. ti oZv ; ' what 's the odds?' 
 
 12. irpoo-K€io-0ai, ' be added ' = passive of irpocrTi9r]fxi. kcu — 8e : 
 
 the emphatic word placed between. Cf. above, ^3, xal v/j.e7s 5e. 13. irpcs 
 'Axapvcus, ' at Acharnae.' This was the largest deme in Attica, some 
 seven miles north of Athens. In the second year of the Peloponnesian war 
 Archidamus, after slight fighting, established his camp here, and laid waste 
 the surrounding country. Cf. Thucyd. 2, 19 ff. ; and v. Grote, ch. xlviii. 
 It seems improbable Lucian should have mentioned in such a connection 
 a battle in which the Athenians were unsuccessful; so quite possibly we 
 should read, with Hemsterh., irpbs 'Atcappavas. The Acarnanians were 
 often allied with the Spartans in this war. 14. popas : a division of 
 the Spartan infantry of from 500 to 900 men. 51. 15. \dp, ' why!' 
 
 ovSt, kt\., 'my name was not even on the list', viz. of those capable 
 
 of bearing arms. 17. perpia, ' modesty.' Cf. /A€Tpid£o/*€v, above, 48. 
 19. \|rn<J>io\ \pd<J>wv, ' by the introduction of measures.' 20. ov piKpd, 
 
 ' great services.' Litotes. lir! tovtois, 'for these reasons.' 21. ttj 
 
 PovXt] : the Senate of Five Hundred. rfj 'HXiafa : the Court of the 
 
 Heliasts, the highest popular court at Athens. It consisted of 6000 
 members, chosen annually by lot, who were divided into several smaller 
 divisions. (Cf. Smith, Diet. Gr. and R. Antiq.) But this had nothing 
 whatever to do with legislation. All that is said of it here is the absurd 
 bombast of the half-cultured politician in his extravagant flattery of 
 Timon. The buncombe continues when it is proposed to ' erect a golden 
 statue of Timon' (xpw- avacr. r. Tl/xoova), which shall combine the charac- 
 teristics of both that of Zeus and of Apollo. 26. XP^ " ^ o"T€<|>dvois : 
 men who had deserved well at the hands of the state were honored by the 
 presentation of chaplets, at first of simple olive twigs, but later of gold. 
 It was one of the latter which furnished the occasion for the great oration 
 
 of Demosthenes ' On the Crown.' dva.KT]pvx6fivai : viz. by the herald 
 
 15 
 
226 TIM ON. 
 
 in the theatre at the great Dionysiac festival, celebrated in March. Cf. 
 
 Dem. De Cor. 220. 28. rpa^wSois ; G. 189; H. 613. &x6f}vai, 
 
 ktA., ' for to his honor the Dionysia is to be celebrated to-day.' Flattery 
 could hardly reach a pitch of higher extravagance, — Christmas shall 
 come to-day in honor of him ! 
 
 P. 58. 1. kcu -ydp, ' for also.' Kai to be taken with prjrup &p. 
 
 to, tiXka : cf. above to t. irpwra, 35 (49, 18). 52. 2. <rou : ethical ; 
 v. to Char. 1. 4. eirl t. cr. ovopaxi, ' after your name.' Late use of 
 ivt with dat. ; vir6 with gen. more usual. Cf. Plutarch, Rom. 19. 
 5. ocra . . . elSevcu, ' so far as I know.' nat intensive. G. 268 ; H. 772. 
 Cf. Jup. Trag. 10. 7. i% veWa, ' another year.' 9. ^St], ' at once.' 
 10. & ovtcs, ' my fine fellow.' G. 148, n. 2 ; H. 680, a. 12. TvpavviSi 
 eirix.'* ' are you aiming at royal power.' The worst political sin in the 
 eyes of the liberty-loving Athenians, as with us, was an attempt to subvert 
 the constitution. 13. ou ko.9. k\sv. ov8* av. <5Sv, ' when not even your 
 title to freedom is perfectly clear.' Said of a person one of whose parents 
 had been a slave. 53. 18. 8i]\os & <tvko. : G. 280, n. 1 ; H. 797. 
 19. t. 67ri(r668o|j.ov, ' the treasury'; lit. 'the back chamber' of a temple. 
 Here that of the Parthenon, which was used as the treasury, is no doubt 
 meant. 21. SiwpvKTat : Attic would be diopwpvuTou. Veitch, p. 503. 
 29. 'iv . . . cmrpuj/as, ' if I could not annihilate one abominable little 
 manikin.' 
 
 Then Thrasycles, the professional philosopher, is seen approaching. Tim 071 
 sketches his character ; endures a tedious speech of hollow advice, and 
 charitably repays him with heavy mattock blows. 
 
 P. 59. 54. 2. @pa<rvKXi]s : ' Mr. Boldface ' gives an idea of the 
 
 force of this name. 3. piv ofiv, ' assuredly it is no other.' eKircTdcras, 
 
 ktA., ' with parted beard, and eyebrows upward trained, and swaggering 
 away (n) all to himself,' etc. 4. t. 6<}>pvs &vctT. : a sign of pride. 
 
 Cf. Catapl. 4. f3p€v6-u6pevos : cf. Ar. Clouds, 362. The Latin version 
 
 takes it in a pregnant sense : graviter secum ac snperbe murmurans. 
 5. TiTCiv. pXe'ir., ' looking every inch a Titan.' G. 1 59, n. 2 ; H. 547, c. 
 
 ■ dva<r€(rop. t. 4. t. peT. Kop/nv, ' with his front hair brushed back in a 
 
 scared sort of way.' 6. AvTo(3op€as tis, ' a sort of regular Boreas.' 
 avro used rarely in composition with proper nouns, as so often with 
 common, to emphasize the reality. In Rhet. Praec. 12, AvroOals- 
 7. ofovs 6 Z. 2"ypa\{/€v, ' as Zeuxis painted them.' Zeuxis, a celebrated 
 painter of Heraclea, who lived in the age of the Peloponnesian war, dis- 
 
NOTES. 227 
 
 tinguished for the charming beauty and life-likeness, as well as expressive- 
 ness, of his pictures. Read Lucian's description of one of his pictures in 
 his ' Zeuxis or Antiochus.' Cf. Liibke, bk. 2, ch. I. 8. o-xvnpci . . . 
 pd8i<rpa : notice chiasm, and cf. to Dream, 6 (4, 2). 9. pvpia 6<ra, 
 'quite innumerable.' For this use of 6V0, v. M. 19S, a, R. 4 ; K. 349/, 7, e. 
 10. t. f|8ovi] X at P'» ' tne votaries of pleasure.' 11. t. oXi-yapKe's, 
 
 1 frugality.' ItteiSti — dcpiKotTo . . . opefjeiev . . . emSeiKvvTai : for use 
 
 of opt., cf. to Char. 1 (n, 9|_. 12. jxcydX-qv : predicate, v. to Dream, 2. 
 13. £wpoT€pu>, ' less tempered,' viz. than usual. Greeks usually tempered 
 their wine with water. 14. KaGdirep, kt\., ' as though he had drained 
 a beaker from Lethe, he conducts himself in a manner directly opposite 
 to his morning lectures.' For Artdrjs, v. to Char. 21 (27, 24). 19, ttjv 
 dp«TTJv, ' his virtue,' ' /'/^virtue' he prates so much about ; while above, 
 
 1. 9, we have irepl dperrjs without the article, simply ' about virtue.' 
 20. u>s — Ko.TaXi7roi : v. to Char. 1 (11, 1). 55. 21. pep-v}/. del, 
 1 continually finding fault,' ' never satisfied.' 22. t. irXax. 6Xov, 'the 
 
 whole pastry.' povos t. £XX<ov, 'alone among all'; lit. 'alone of the 
 
 rest.' Cf. Eng., ' he of all others.' 23. f[ 8 ti . . . ocpeXos, ' or what- 
 ever his insatiable greed and voracity fancies.' 24. ovk . . . op-y^s, 
 4 not only to the point of singing and dancing, but also of abuse and 
 
 anger.' opxvqo-rvos = bpxh<nu>s : found only in Homer and Euripides. 
 
 26. €irl t. kvXiki, 'cup in hand.' tot« 8tj, ktA., 'then doubtless, 
 
 best of all, concerning moderation and propriety.' What a picture ! what 
 a commentary upon the so-styled philosophy of those times ! A tipsy, 
 gluttonous old fellow hiccoughing upon the company maudlin praises of 
 temperance and virtue! 28. t,8t], kt\., 'already the worse for his 
 untempered potations, and his utterance laughably thick.' vTrorpavAlfav 
 found only here. 
 
 P. 60. 1. avX-rp-pi'Sos : female flute-players were always present at 
 the symposia. See Beck. Char. Exc. to sc. ii., and Exc. 2 to sc. vi. 
 
 2. t. 7rpa>T€uov : depends upon irapax^p. ; G. 174; H. 5S0, — 'would 
 not yield the palm to anybody in lying or impudence or avarice.' 
 
 5. t. irpun-a : v. above to 35 (49, 18) f| -yoT]Teia ; ktA., 'imposture goes 
 
 before him, shamelessness walks at his side.' 6. kg.1 8Xws, ktA., ' in 
 short, a creature versed in all but everything, in every respect accom- 
 plished, and with a variety of perfections.' 9. XP 1 ! "™? ^ v > ' fi ne fellow 
 
 though he is'; ironical. irairai, ktA., 'the plague! Thrasycles is 
 
 late.' rifuv ethical. 5G. 11. t. iroX. tovtois : dependent upon ravrd. 
 G. 1S6; H. 603. 12. worrep ol, kt\. : explains the preceding com- 
 
228 TIMON. 
 
 parison. 14. iXirlBi : cause. G. 188, i ; H. 611. 15. otov <re'=o!os 
 
 ab el. t. ovTwv koivcovikov, ' liberal with his possessions.' G. iSo, i ; 
 
 H. 584, a. 16. |xd^a : for food of the Greeks, v. Beck, Char. Exc. 1 
 to sc. vi. 19. fj evveaKovvos : a fountain in the south-eastern portion 
 of Athens, not far from Ilissus, known also by the name KaXKippot] ; 
 
 introduced by Peisistratus. It had nine pipes, whence the name. 
 
 Tpi:3o)v : a short mantle of coarse texture, worn by the Spartans and by 
 all who affected the Spartan simplicity of manners, as notably the Cynics 
 
 and Stoics. f,s (3oi>Xet ■== cnjusvis. 22. crov — X°P lv ■' Attic would 
 
 be gt)v x°-P LJ/ y t ua gratia. Cf. just below, ifxavrov x°-P lv ' G. 160, 2 ; 
 
 H. 552 and 677. a>s |xt| Sia<j>6eipT] : G. 216, 2; H. 740, a. 25. el 
 
 ireidoio . . . enJSaXeTs : v. to Dream, 8 (4, 23). p-dXio-ra p.e'v, 'you will 
 
 do best to throw,' etc. Antithesis to this ixiv, 5e, 1. 30. 28. es pdQos, 
 ' into deep water.' 29. ep-ov opwvros p.dvov : this marks in a striking 
 way the sincerity of the advice. 57. 30. ori 8e: for 5e' in apodosis, 
 v. G. 227, 2 ; MT. 57. 
 
 P. 61. 1. KctTU. tcLxos : as in 10 (37, 8). 3, c5 p.ev ..." 8e = 
 tci) fi.lv . . . t$ 5e. G. 151, n. 3, end; H. 525, a, )8. 4. el — cl't] . . . 
 Sikcuos (sc. e<rrat): as just below, 'luavov (sc. co-rat) et . . . rapdcrxois. 
 MT. 54, 2, a. 8. 7TTJpav, ' wallet.' The sack {irripa), the coarse short 
 mantle (rpi^wv), and the staff (!=v\ov) were the outward signs of the 
 
 simplicity-affecting doctrine-mongers of the day. ov8e BXovs, ' not 
 
 quite.' p.e8lp.vovs AlvivnriKovs, ' bushels of Aegina.' The bushel of 
 
 Aegina contained something more than two of our bushels. So the 
 philosopher makes a grotesquely modest demand. 10. p/nSev . . . 
 <j>poveiv, ' think of nought beyond his wallet'; i.e. be content with bare 
 necessities. 12. irpb t. irTJpas : short for irpb rov r. trhpav ijxirXriacn. 
 
 13. el Soxei, ' if you please.' <j>e'pe : v. to Char. 5 (14, 12). 17. p.wv 
 
 ti, ktX., ' I haven't given you short measure, have I?' 18. \oiviKas : 
 a choenix was about a quart. 
 
 The throng increases, and Timon takes refuge upon a slight hill, and pelts 
 them as they come with stones. 
 
 58. 20. BXevJ/ias, ktX., ' Shark,' ' Sharer,' and ' Skinflint ' give a notion 
 of these names. 21. Kal oXov t. crvv. t. ol{i«£., ' and the whole array 
 of those whom a groaning awaits.' 23. dvairauto : deliberative subj. 
 
 24. 8ti: v. above to 10 (^7, n). eirixaXa^a), 'hail them as they 
 
 approach.' The word found only here. 
 
DIALOGUES OF THE GODS. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The popular religion had long ago ceased to exercise much 
 influence or maintain much hold upon the hearts of the cultured 
 classes. Philosophy had usurped the homage once paid to the 
 gods of Olympus. But the ancient forms had been retained ; 
 and in Lucian*s time earnest efforts were put forth on the part of 
 some to divert men's minds from the unsatisfying disputes of the 
 philosophical sects to a sort of orthodox faith in the old religion. 
 Against this artificial revival of mythologic faith Lucian strenuously 
 opposed the influence of his clear and practical common sense and 
 his tremendous powers of satire. In none of his writings is this 
 seen to better advantage than in the Dialogues of the Gods. 
 
 In the composition of these he assumes, without question or 
 cavil, the perfect truth of the traditional views of the gods as given 
 in the scriptures of ancient Greece, — the Homeric and Hesiodic 
 poems. The absurdities, inconsistencies, and immoralities are 
 accepted as matter of history. He adds nothing to the popular 
 legends and beliefs to make them more grotesque than they already 
 were ; but he deprives them of the glamour of poetry in which they 
 were usually presented, and gives them to us in a- perfectly cold, 
 colorless, matter-of-fact manner. He accomplishes this by allow- 
 ing us to see the gods in their ordinary life, — in neglige, as it 
 were, — and to overhear them as they discuss the every-day topics 
 and scandals of Olympic life, or engage in private disputes or 
 domestic brawls. If what we have been told of the lives and 
 actions of the gods is true, then these scenes, with their jealousies 
 and scandals, their paltry strifes and petty motives, are quite a 
 
276 DIALOGUES OF THE GODS. 
 
 matter of course. The satire is of that fine sort which consists in 
 putting yourself among the number of those who are to be satir- 
 ized, and with naive innocence revealing the secret principles and 
 motives of their actions. The reader is left to draw his own infer- 
 ence. In these dialogues the lesson is very plain, though nowhere 
 stated. Can one reverence and worship beings with such weak- 
 nesses, such foibles, such scandalous and immoral lives ? 
 
 As so many of the most damaging anecdotes of the gods had to 
 do with their improper relationships with one another and with 
 men, it is not surprising that these should play a large role in the 
 Dialogues of the Gods. Many of the most powerful, therefore, 
 are not altogether suitable for the class-room. The ones here 
 chosen, out of the twenty-six which make up the number,* afford 
 a fair sample of their exceeding gracefulness of style and language, 
 their perfect ease and naturalness of dialogue, their genial humor, 
 and at the same time of that implication of satire which is their 
 informing spirit. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1. HEPHAESTUS AND APOLLO. 
 
 Apollo entertains Hephaestus with an account of Hermes, the baby thief, and 
 inventor of the cithara. 
 
 P. 116. 1« 1. to rf\s Maias (Sp&fxis : Hermes. Already in the 
 Odyssey Hermes is spoken of as the patron of theft. It is owing to his 
 grace that Autolycus (Od. 19, 396) is so successful a thief. One should 
 compare Horace, Car. 1, 10, where all Hermes's attributes are mentioned; 
 and the Homeric hymn to Hermes, of which Shelley has a translation. 
 Cf. also Cox's 'Tales of Anc. Greece.' 3. 8t]\oi IjSi), ktA., 'gives 
 
 * Two others, Prometheus and Deorum Concilium, are really dialogues of the gods, 
 but they are not included in the collection of that name. 
 
NOTES. 277 
 
 evidence already that he is going to turn out something fine.' atrofSTivS- 
 fievov predicative part., agreeing with subj. of 5t?Ao?. 6. 'IcurcTov : one 
 
 of the Titans, father of Prometheus. Cf. Hes. Theog. 507 ff. ocrov 
 
 err! ttj iravovp-yia, 'so far as roguery is concerned.' Cf. Jup. Trag. 21. 
 
 10. tovtov : connect with rb fupos. IgsXiciKre Xa6dv : v. to Tim. 
 
 2S (46, 18). 2. 13. Tavira . sc. iiroirjai. o ficXis ecrrr|K6, ' who 
 
 can barely stand alone.' 17, ko.1 p/rjv, 'nay but'; lit. ' and yet,' that 
 is, ' (I do not know,) and yet he has already paid me a visit.' 
 
 P. 117. 6. o^i\eip, ' light-fingered.' 7, cxji.e\errja-as : masculine 
 by synesis. H. 523. 3. 12. c!ra p,eTa£-.3, kt\., ' then, while he was 
 being congratulated and Aphrodite was hugging him/ etc. 14. t. Aibs 
 8« -ycX. in, 'while Zeus was still laughing'; viz. because of his throwing 
 Eros. 15. iroXv : pred. Cf. Char. 11 (20, 1). 17. -yop-ydv riva t. 
 iraioa <j>-r|s, ' he must be quite a prodigy, by your tale.' For riva, v. to 
 Dream, 1. 4. 20. xA" VT l v : Hermes invented the lyre, or rather cithara, 
 as he returned from his theft of the cattle of Apollo. Cf. the Homeric 
 hymn, 25 ff. 21. ittjx 61 ? "Y^p, kt\., ' for he fitted arms to it, and 
 connected them with a bar, and then inserted pegs and placed a bridge 
 underneath, and on it stretched seven strings,' etc. The irfo 6 '* were the 
 graceful curving arms extending from the sounding-board of the lyre ; 
 these were 'yoked' at the upper end by the Cvy6v, into which the pegs 
 (k6\\ott€s, here the un-Attic /cdAAa^Soi)? by which the strings were fastened 
 and tightened, were inserted. The fiayds was the bridge, as in a modern 
 guitar. 24. J>s k6l\u, kt\., ' so that even I, who have long practised/ 
 etc. Apollo, indeed, is said to have been so charmed with the playing of 
 Hermes that he allowed him to keep the cattle he had stolen. 27. &XPS 
 'clear to.' 28. kXc^wv : G. 277, 3; H. 7S9, </. 29. pd{38ov t. ireir., 
 ' he has made himself a sort of staff,' etc. Hermes is always represented 
 as carrying this winged wand. Cf. Verg. Aen. 4, 242 ff . : 
 
 4 Turn virgam capit : hac animas ille evocat Oreo 
 pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit; 
 dat somnos adimitque, et kimiua morte resignat.' 
 
 P. 118. 1. imtyviov etvot, ' for a plaything.' 2. t?)v n-vpavpav : 
 he is just going to say KA.e-.fas, when Hephaestus interrupts him. 
 
278 DIALOGUES OF THE GODS, 
 
 2. ZEUS, ASCLEPIUS, AND HERACLES. 
 
 Zeus interferes in a qitarrel between Asclepms and Heracles as to which 
 should have the higher seat. 
 
 1. 6. irpoKaTaxXCveo-GaX [xov, 'sit above me.' Persons sat, or rather 
 reclined, at table according to their rank. 8. <3 4[i.j3p6vTT|T€ : v. to 
 Tim. 1 (32, 3). Used here probably in both strict and derived signifi- 
 cation. Zeus smote Asclepius with his bolt for having restored Glaucus 
 to life, but at Apollo's request exalted him to the number of the gods. 
 9. KttT &.60V, ' out of compassion.' 11. imXeA/no-cu — KaTCKJAeyas : 
 an unusual combination in prose. Cf . Eurip. Bacch. 188. G. 280; K. 484, 1 1 . 
 
 -yap : v. to Char. 11 (19, 13). 12. 4v *rfj (Kttj : a mountain in the 
 
 extreme south of Thessaly, not far from Trachis. Here Heracles built 
 his pyre, and ended his earthly career in flames. For the sufferings which 
 led him to this, v. Ovid, Metam. bk. 9, and the last half of Sophocles's 
 
 Trachiniae. 14. T)[iiv ■ G. 188, 3; H. 600 os, ' for I.' 16. t. (3iov: 
 
 v. to Char. 15 (23, 14). Grjpia KaTa/ywvi^opevos, kt\, : allusion to the 
 
 twelve labors, for which cf. ' Tales of Anc. Greece.' Cf. Soph. Trach. 
 1092 ff., where Heracles recounts how he 
 
 1 Subdued by force the Nemean habitant, 
 
 The lion, troubler cf the flocks and herds, 
 
 A monster none might war with nor approach ; 
 
 And that Lernaean hydra, and the host 
 
 Of Kentaurs, all of double form, half-horse, 
 
 Fearful, and fierce, and lawless, strong and proud, 
 
 The beast of Erymanthos, and the dog 
 
 Of Hades, with the triple head, 
 
 A portent awful ; and the dreaded shape 
 
 Of that fierce serpent, and the dragon guard, 
 
 That at the world's end watched the golden fruit.' — Plumtre. 
 
 P. 119. 1. im0T|<r€iv ; depends upon XP^'A 10 * 5 similar to Seivbs 
 Aryeu/, etc. G. 261, i; H. 767. Cob., V. L. 218, would substitute els 
 
 iirtOeaii/ t. <pap|ji.&K<Dv : partitive. G. 170, 1 ; H. 574, e. 2. 4. dvfjX- 
 
 Ges T|p.£<b\€KTO$ : while Heracles was burning, a cloud came down from 
 heaven and carried him away to Olympus. 5. x. tT< * V0S : l ^e garment 
 given him by Deianeira, steeped in the blood of the centaur Nessus. 
 For a vivid description of the woes this brought him, see Soph. Trach. 
 759 ff. 7. cSovXcuo-a, kt\. : a reference to the three years' service of 
 Heracles to Omphale, queen of Lydia. He lived here, late writers say, 
 an effeminate life, attired as a woman, and spinning wool, and sometimes 
 
NOTES. 279 
 
 reproved for his awkwardness in holding the distaff by a tap from the 
 queen's slipper. 9. oXX' ovSe : cf. Icarom. 6 (95, 17). 'No, nor did I 
 even fall into a fit ol madness, and put children and wife to death.' In 
 his madness he slew Megara and her children. 13. eirl KetpaXijv, 
 * headlong.' 14. Ilaiwva : Homer represents him as the physician of 
 
 the gods. Cf. 11.^, 401 and 899. to Kpaviov <ruvTpi{3e'vTa : instead of 
 
 ace. of specif., the gen. might have been used. Cf. Char. 5 (14, 24); 
 Tim. 48 (56, 16). 16. <$>y\J-i: not seldom so placed after the imperative, 
 as in English, to give it a certain emphasis. Cf. Dial. Mort. 22, 1. 
 19. &T6 kciC, utpote etiam. See to Tim. 21 (42, 27). 
 
 3. APHRODITE AND EROS. 
 
 Aphrodite learns from Eros why it is that Athena, the Muses, and Artemis 
 are unaffected by him. 
 
 P. 120. 1. 1. €ir* €»«£vt]s, 'in her case.' 2. t| 8rfs — outtwv : 
 
 the torch, which no one could touch with impunity, and the arrows carried 
 
 in a golden quiver, were the regular arms of Eros. crv 8e &to£os d 
 
 Kal do-Toxos, ' and aim and arrow fail you.' A graceful repetition of 
 what has already been said. 10. cwpwirXio-as av. k. vevCKTpcas, ' you 
 disarmed him, and have him in subjection.' Notice the combination of 
 tenses : the aor., of a simple, momentary past act ; the perf., of the act 
 and resultant condition, — 'you have subdued him, and kept him so.' 
 K. 384, 2. 13. diXXws : v. to Tim. 23 (43, 24). 18. Spiuv : v. to 
 Icarom. 23 (108, iS). 19. irpdo-toTrdv ti, ktA., ' a horrible head of some 
 sort, with snakes for hair.' The Gorgon or Medusa head upon the shield 
 of Athena. 20. p.opp.oXvTT€Tcu, ' gives me a scare.' Cf. Plato, Crito, 
 46 C. The Mormo was the bugbear of the Greek nursery. 2. 23. Kal 
 TaOra, ' and that too.' . 24. MoOcrcu : cf. Anthol. Pal. 9, 39 : 
 
 'A KuVpi? Movo-cu<ti • Kopdcrta, rac '\<f>po5iTav 
 
 Tt jaar', jj tov "Epcoi/ vfXfjLiv i(j)OTr\Ccroixai. 
 \al MoCcrai irorl Kinrpiv • ''Apet ra <TTa)ju.vAa Tavra 
 
 y\fj.iv 6' ou Trirarai tovto t6 naiSdpiov. 
 
 25. ?5<o Pe\c5v, 'out of range.' 28. ircpl u>8tjv ^x. OV(rl ) <are busy about 
 their singing.' Cf. Saturn. 23, for same idiom ; also X. Hell. 7, 4, 28. 
 29. KT|\ovp.evo9 vtrb r. piXovs, ' spell-bound by their song.' 
 
 P. 121. 3. rb piv 6Xov: v. to Char. 2 (12, 6). 4. dra KaC, ktA., 
 
280 DIALOGUES OF THE GODS. 
 
 ' then she has her own little private love affair besides.' For epcora ip$, 
 v. to Char, n (20, 5). 6. tivos: depends on ipa. 7. alpeiv re. kt\., 
 ' both to catch them by pursuit and to bring them down with her bow.' 
 The infs. depend upon ipa., being explanatory of what has just been said. 
 8. Kal oXcos, kt\., * and to such a life she is wholly devoted,' 'she cares 
 for nothing else.' 9. kciitoi : v. to Tim. 34 (49, 8). 10. Kal avTov, 
 et ipsitm. Eros is interrupted by Aphrodite just as he is about to say 
 
 4. ARES AND HERMES. 
 
 Ares expresses to Hermes no very reverent opinion of a certain boast once 
 uttered by Zeus. 
 
 1, 12. ota: G. 159, n. 2; H. 547, £. 14. <mpdv Ka9^o-w : allusion 
 to II. 8, 18 ff. Lucian often reminds Zeus of this famous bit of boasting. 
 Cf. Jup. Conf. 4 ; Jup. Trag. 45. 15. KaTatrirdv pido-ecrOe, ' will make 
 every effort to draw me down.' This construction, with fiidCeaBai, is of 
 very rare occurrence. Cf. Thucyd. 7, 79. 17. el CeXvjo-cujxi . . . 
 jASTewpidi : v. to Dream, 8 (4, 23). 20. Ka6' ?va iravrcov, ' than all indi- 
 vidually' 22. tmcpcpe'pciv : sc. abrou. KaTcnrov^o-€iv : sc. r,p.as. 
 
 P. 122. SJ. 1. evcj^ixei : v. to Char. 12 (21, 11). 2, \l1\ ko.i ti, 
 kt\., ' lest with some evil too your nonsense may be fraught for us.' 
 For azroXaio-cajj.ev and gen., v. to Tim. 2 (33, 1). 4. ol'ci -yap, 'why, do 
 you think,' etc. Cf. Tim. 24 (44, 13). 5. Ix € l xv * € "' : tms word used 
 by Jamblichus, besides Lucian. Found also in Cock, 2. 8. 6 IIo<rci8(5i/, 
 ktA.. : II. 1, 399 ff. 10. iravToios fjV 8«8id&s, ' left no stone unturned in 
 his fright'; lit. 'was of every shape.' 11. Kal Tavra Tpets Svras, 'and 
 that too though there were only three of them.' Ace. in agreement with 
 avrovs, suppressed object of dedu&s. 
 
DIALOGUES OF THE SEA-GODS. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The fifteen brief Dialogues of the Sea-Gods do not differ essen- 
 tially, in general scope or style of treatment, from the Dialogues 
 of the Gods. The satiric motive, however, seems to be less pro- 
 nounced ; and many of them are evidently little more than graceful 
 descriptions of mythologic events, especially of such as were favor- 
 ite themes with the artists. As a whole, they are inferior in merit 
 to the preceding class, — less interesting in their matter, less 
 finished in their manner. But there are some among them — 
 notably those here given — which betray the author's happiest 
 mood and most charming touch. 
 
 NOTES 
 
 1. CYCLOPS AND POSEIDON. 
 
 Polyphemus complains to Poseidon of the woful injury and the wanton 
 insult he had suffered from Odysseus. 
 
 P. 123. 1. The story is drawn from the Odyssey, 9, 216-542 ; 
 which compare, either in the original or in Butcher and Lang's translation. 
 Cf. also Euripides's satyric drama, the Cyclops. 1. viro, ' at the hands 
 of.' 2. KOtfjL^fxcva) : sc. fioi. Dat. after e-wixeip-fto-as. 6. OStiv: same 
 as oVtis, of course, in sense. Cf. Od. 9, 366 and 504 ; Eur. Cyc. 549 and 
 
282 DIALOGUES OF THE SEA-GODS. 
 
 690 ff. ; Ar. Wasps, 184 ff direicdXei, ' nicknamed.' 7. $■« pe'Xous : 
 
 like e|« jSeAoj*', Dial. Deor. 19, 2. 10. oti8e irdvv, ktA., 'for he is no 
 very courageous man.' Odysseus was more famous for his shrewdness, 
 cunning, and practical wisdom. 2. 13. ttoXXovs Tivas, ' quite a 
 
 number.' SijXov 0V1, 'of course'; parenthetic. 16. Se'vSpov : v. to 
 
 Tim. 32 (48, 12). 17. !4>&VT]o-av — impwjxevot • v. to Dream, 3 (2, 19). 
 18. aJo-rrep eiKos fjv, ' as was reasonable.' 
 
 P. 124. 1. 6Vras : causal. G. 277, 2 ; H. 789, c. 3. meiv : 
 
 G. 265; H. 765. <f>dpjj.ax:6v ti, 'some kind of potion.' The potion 
 
 was nothing but fine and fragrant old wine. 4. empovXoTaTov 8. k. 
 Tap., ' but most treacherous and maddening.' 5. ircpi<{>€peo-0ai, ' went 
 
 spinning round.' 6. dvecrTpe'<p€To, 'was turned upside down.' ■ 
 
 ovkc'ti . . . ^ jif]v, ' I was no longer master of myself.' For £v i/navrov 
 (sc. oltKip), cf. Ar. Wasps, 642. G. 141, n. 4; H. 509, b, 0; K. 431, 1. 
 ?lf*.W, mid. imperf. of el/xi; rare, if found at all, in classic Attic. Cf. 
 Veitch, p. 225. 9. d-ir' exdvov, kt\., 'since then, you see (aoi), I have 
 been blind.' For use of present, v. MT. 10, 1, n. 3; and cf. similar usage 
 in Latin and German, aoi ethical; v. to Char. 1. 3. 11. (3a0viv : 
 
 sc. Virvov; cogn. ace. 12. p.£Ta|v : v. to Dream, 17. oSv, 'well.' 
 
 Simply marks resumption of the real subject after the exclamation. 
 13. «{> ot8* #ti : v. to Dream, 18. 17. iO^pcov, ' I tried to catch.' 
 G. 200. n. 2 ; H. 702. 18. 4vTeiX.dp.evos t. Kpu3, ' enjoining upon the 
 ram what he was to do for me.' The speech of the Cyclops to his ram, 
 Od. 9, 447 ff., implies nothing of this sort. But this representation of 
 the Cyclops taking his ram into his confidence and making him his vice, 
 implies a subtle characterization of the Caliban nature of the monster. 
 4, 20. vtt ixeivois : v. Od. 9, 425 ff.; and the parody, Ar. Wasps, 180 ff. 
 Odysseus bound the sheep together in triples, placing a man under the 
 middle sheep in each case. The ram was held back till the last, and, 
 clinging under his belly, Odysseus made his escape. 21. eiriPo^o-ao-0ai 
 eir cuutov, ' summoned to your assistance against him.' 28. ovoe 6 
 TrctTfjp, kt\. : Od. 9, 525. When Odysseus uttered this reproach, Poly- 
 phemus prayed to Poseidon that Odysseus might never return home, or, 
 if he did, it should be only after long and disastrous years and loss of all 
 his friends, borne in a strange vessel, and to find trouble awaiting him. 
 All this Poseidon brought about. 30. Odppei, ' be of good cheer.' 
 
NOTES. 283 
 
 2. POSEIDON AND ALPHEUS. 
 
 Alphens confides to Poseidon the story of his love for Arethnsa. 
 
 P. 125. 1. Alpheus was the name of a river of the Peloponnesus, 
 which flows hard by Olympia, and falls into the Ionian Sea. Arethusa 
 was a fountain springing up in the island Ortygia, a part of the city 
 Syracuse. It was fabled that the waters of the river passed pure through 
 the sea, and rose to the day again in the fountain. This legend is fre- 
 quently made use of by the poets. Cf. e.g. Pindar, Nem. 1 ; Ovid, Metam. 
 
 5, last part; Verg. Aen. 3, 694 ff. ; also Shelley's poem beginning 'Are- 
 thusa arose from her couch of snows.' For a pleasing version of the 
 myth, v. Cox's 'Tales of Anc. Greece'; for its explanation, Keight. 
 Class. Myth. p. 117 f. 4. povos t. dtXAwv, 'alone of all rivers.' Loosely 
 spoken of as belonging to the class with which he is contrasted. Similar 
 constructions not rare in English. Cf. Milton, Par. Lost, 4, 321 ff. : 
 
 ' Sc hand in hand they passed, the loveliest pair 
 That ever since in love's embraces met : 
 Adam, the goodliest man of men since born 
 His sons ; the fairest of her daughters, Eve.' 
 
 6. dvcuraiieis <re. Sta^., ' find repose in mingling with the sea.' 7. £w€- 
 otws, ' maintaining your identity.' 9. Pv0ios inroStis, ' diving deep/ 
 10. ?oiKas dvciKuxJ/civ v. to Char. 6 (16, 3). 12. cpwKTiicdv ti, ktA., 
 ' it is a love affair,' etc. 13. T|p&<r0T)s : Dial. Mar. 6, gives an account 
 
 of one of his amours. 18. <roi : ethical -rrov-yfis: partitive. G. 168; 
 
 H. 589. 2. 22. Sid KaSapoO, kt\., ' she bubbles up from a pure - 
 source, and her water lends beauty to the pebbles, shining above them 
 bright as silver.' For the accuracy of this description, cf. Seneca, Consol. 
 ad Marc. 17, and Quaest. Nat. 6, 8. 
 
 P. 126. 1. ws d\T)0dis : v. to Dream, 10 (5, 29). 5. avTos p^v, 
 kt\., ' since you are an Arcadian, while she,' etc. 10. |vvavapfyvv<ro, 
 kt\., ' mingle with the fountain, and become one stream.' Notice the 
 change from singular to plural of the verbs. 
 
284 DIALOGUES OF THE SEA-GODS. 
 
 3. PANOPE AND GALENE, 
 
 Panope recounts to Galene how Eris with her golden apple disturbed the 
 nuptials of Thetis. 
 
 1. 13. "Epis : the goddess of discord ; the only goddess not invited to 
 the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis. She avenged herself as this dialogue 
 shows. Cf. Tennyson's ' Oenone * : 
 
 'I wish that somewhere in the ruined folds, 
 Among the fragments tumbled from the glens, 
 Or the dry thickets, I could meet with her, 
 The Abominable, that uninvited came 
 Into the fair Peleian banquet-hall, 
 And cast the golden fruit upon the board, 
 And bred this change, — that I might speak my mind, 
 And tell her to her face how much I hate 
 Her presence, hated both of gods and men.' 
 
 Iv QcrraXia. : at this time the home of Peleus, who had been banished 
 
 from Aegina by Aeacus. For account of the marriage-feast, cf. Catullus, 64. 
 
 Sioti p.TJ : Attic would use ov. 16. dtoi;iavTov . . . 7re\ayos, ' to 
 
 keep the sea meantime unruffled.' True to her name, Galene, which 
 means 'calm'; just so Panope ('all-seeing') narrates what she has seen. 
 18. p/f) irapovo-ci : G. 283, 4 ; H. 839. 20. 'A\L$\.Tplrr\$ : the wife of 
 Poseidon. 21. •jrapaireu.^SevTcs, ' under the escort of.' The newly 
 married pair were escorted to the bridal chamber by the father and 
 mother of the bride. For the marriage customs, v. Beck. Char. Exc. sc. xii. 
 24. 'AiroXkavi : but Catullus, 64, 298 ff. : 
 
 * Inde pater divom sancta cum cor juge natisque 
 
 advenit caelo, te solum, Phoebe, relinquens 
 
 unigenamque simul cultricem montibus Idri.' 
 
 P. 127. 3. t| Ka\-?| \a$4r<a, ' Let the Beauty take it ; ' or freely, * For 
 the Fairest.' 4. wcnrcp !£€TrlTT|Ses, ' as if of set purpose.' 2. 6. eire- 
 Xc'^aro ' read.' This meaning unknown to Attic Greek, but found in 
 Herodotus. 7. v|i€is direo-icoirTJo-aiJLsv : the Nereids were very fair, 
 but they had no chance in the presence of superior divinities. 8. ixefvov : 
 Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena. 10. &XP 1 X €t P" v > ' to blows.' 14. Upid- 
 |i.oi> TTcuSa: Paris. For the appearance of the three goddesses before 
 Paris, and his decision, v. Dial. Deor. 20, where Lucian fairly outdoes 
 himself. 8s ot8e, kt\., ' for he, as a connoisseur of beauty, can deter- 
 mine what is more beautiful.' 
 
NOTES. 285 
 
 4. DORIS AND THETIS. 
 
 Thetis narrates to Doris the story of Danae, and joins with her in rescuing 
 the ex/osed princess and her child. 
 
 P. 128. 1. An oracle came to Acrisius that he was to die at the 
 hand of his daughter's son. So, though she was very fair, he doomed her 
 to perpetual virginity, and immured her in a brazen tower or subterranean 
 chamber. But Zeus came to her in a golden shower, and a son was born. 
 Mother and child Acrisius set afloat, thinking they would perish; but 
 they were saved, and the oracle came true. Cf. Ovid, Metam. 4; Hor. 
 Car. 3, 16; also Cox, as above, tales ' Danae' and ' Akrisios.' Read too, 
 in Morris's 'Earthly Paradise,' 'The Doom of King Acrisius.' 8. koX- 
 \io-tt|v oficrav, ' though she was very fair.' 10. elireiv, kt\., ' whether 
 it is true I cannot say, but any way they say,' etc. 14. dypios tis, 
 'a rather stern and jealous old man.' For Tis, v. to Dream, 1. 2. 22. tu 
 irdirirw 8eiKvt>o\j<ra : cf. the similar act in Tennyson's ' Dora,' where the 
 sight of the innocent child, however, softens the heart of the stern grand- 
 sire. 30. Se'pujjov : an island in the Aegean, south-east of Argolis, 
 upon which tradition said Danae and her child were rescued. 
 
 5. ZEPHYR AND NOTUS. 
 
 Zephyr describes to JVotus the brave sight he has missed in not seeing Europa 
 passing across the sea upon the zvhite bull's back. 
 
 P. 120. 1. 8. aj> oS -ye cljii Kal irve'w, 'since I have lived and 
 blown.' For tense, cf. above, 1, 2 (124, 9). 10. txvo, tcuittiv : v. to 
 Char. 11 (19, 8). 11. rives- kt\, 'who were they that formed the pro- 
 cession.' ire/xTTeiv as used here like iro/inreveiv. 12. tjSicttov Gcxjjl. 
 d-n-cX , 'you have lost an exquisite sight, the like of which you will never 
 see again.' For gen., v. G. 174; H. 580. 13. &v — 1801s : G. 226, 2, b; 
 H. 722. 15. 80-a irapdXia : explains fxepos, — ' so much of the country 
 as lies along the sea.' 18. tov t. Evp<6irr|s iron-epa : Europa was the 
 daughter of the Phoenician king Agenor. Her beauty was so great as to 
 compel the love of Zeus. He appeared to her, as she was gathering 
 flowers, in the shape of a beautiful white bull. Europa caressed the bull, 
 crowned him with flowers, and finally mounted his back ; whereupon he 
 plunged into the sea and swam, carrying her away to Crete. There he 
 resumed his own form. Cf. Theocr. 20; Moschus, 2; Ovid, Metam. 2, 
 
286 DIALOGUES OF THE SEA-CODS 
 
 last part ; and see Keight, 3as 7 _ : - km explanatiow of the mrth. 
 
 22. fioiv : so. Bar/i\<rei~, — 'you are not going to tell thai -.:: ac 
 
 iroXX- ■: r :;— e 23. Tti [«Td Tavra, ' its conseque 1 
 
 P. 130. 2. 4. Xfuicc's T€, m-A., 'for he was pure white, and his 
 horns were gracefully curved, and his look mild.' Moschns, 2, S4, c ifi 
 as to the color of the bulL He ■ 
 
 kvkAc* --:rr- ■ . .-. 
 
 6. kcu clijtos, ' he too ' ; as well as they. 22. t. Xou.iL *t A. . 
 
 Metam. 2, close: 
 
 ' pa- 1 - le ahlata tiTTrl i m 
 
 : altera dorso 
 impGsita est : tremafae simcmrur ffamint* ve 
 
 Compare also Tennyson's picture in ' The Palace 
 ' Or sweet Europa's mantle blew unci a 
 
 From on her shoulder backward borne : 
 From one hand droop'd at crocus : one hand ;~ 
 
 I be — - : ill's z: . r/. " : - 
 
 3. 24. ijS-u tovto Secuut etSes : c£. Char : : _ 7 1 1 'twas 
 
 a fine sight that, and a fond one, O Zephyr, you. dd — Zem jwimming 
 off with the loved one on his back/ In 1 £e nee lurks the subtle 
 
 satire of the piece. What a sight to behold Ze i rans- 
 
 formed into a bull because of an amoor, and carrying off through th e 
 his inamorata upon h 20. tjja^s S« Trdvres, *tA.. ' and « : 
 
 held our breath, and followed in their train as simple spectators o£ what 
 was going forward.' 22. fiucpov ec t. 6oX., 
 
 that sometimes they touched the water with the tips of tft 1 The 
 
 vividness of the description makes it probable that Looam had some 
 famous picture of this event in mind as he wrote these words. Pic . 
 
 hare been found at Pump eri. 28. kcu eC rx, . . . ISctr, 'and 
 whatever else is not of frightful viscge.' For Sfcir t i 7- : : : : H - 
 
 P. 131. 2. «rl vciaa, ' to ; 4. &x&r\ narr. e - 
 
 iru-juinj, 4 showering the bride with biossor: ; 
 be here, as just above, r,/j^.evas SaSas <pe: - 
 
 ns. The bride was 1 1 : : 
 and ass 1 t ered the doors, was showered with sweetmr 
 
 Z; : 4. 7. ovKen k^taLverOy l dzs3.r - i : t i S. La 
 
 — Is to Auc clrrpcv : Lucian here 
 out a plane-tree, under which, near by a fountain, Zeus w: ; 
 
 blushing Europa. 22. Stacvpo&epob 
 * began to ruffie with waes.' 22. t-" 5 Ims 
 
DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 None of Lucian's writings have enjoyed or deserved greater 
 popularity than the thirty short pieces known as the Dialogues of 
 the Dead.* It is altogether probable that the conversations of 
 Odysseus with various shades in Hades (imitated, it will be remem- 
 bered, by Horace, Sat. II. 5) suggested to Lucian the idea of com- 
 posing such dialogues. But they afforded him the suggestion only: 
 all else is due to his own genius, and he may quite properly be 
 called the originator of this style of compositions. 
 
 The general subject of these dialogues, as I have already had 
 occasion to remark, is the same as that of the ' Charon,' — the 
 vanity of human wishes, the futility of human purposes and pursuits. 
 It was a happy thought to transfer the discussion of this question 
 to the regions of the dead. There it could be carried on free from 
 the preconceptions and prejudices which influence and color all 
 thinking upon earth. In the republican equality which reigns in 
 the nether world, human distinctions and earth-born greatness could 
 be seen in their true light and estimated at their real worth. But 
 Lucian's fondness for satire and mockery sometimes leads him into 
 extremes, and prevents him from making a just distinction between 
 the enduring objects and the worthy ends and aims of life, and 
 those which are transitory and unworthy to attract our ambition or 
 win our admiration and allegiance. And yet for the most part the 
 pretences and humbugs of the world, the meanness of the fawning 
 
 *From the similarity of treatment and scope, 'Cataplus, or the Tyrant,' might very 
 well be classed with these dialogues; while ' Menippus, or the Oracle of the Dead,' is 
 closely allied. 
 
288 DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 legacy-hunter, the cant and hypocrisy of charlatan and impostor, 
 the shortsightedness and stupidity of those who place all their hopes 
 in wealth and fame, in beauty and pleasure, are held up to our 
 reprobation and scorn. Everywhere this thought forces itself upon 
 us : the wealth and the wisdom of the world are only for a little 
 while ; then death comes whether we will or not, without regard for 
 rich or poor, for good or bad, and strips us of all adventitious 
 importance, and we pass empty-handed, naked, into the life beyond, 
 where the resources of empires will not avail to give us precedence, 
 but where we shall be counted for just what we are, — nothing 
 more. The greater our pride of life, the more we are engrossed in 
 the pursuit of its prizes, the more grievous the after-death equality 
 will seem. 
 
 In point of style Lucian is everywhere at his best. The dialogue 
 is in its finest, most finished state ; while the indescribable graces 
 of his racy humor, keen but delicate satire, piquant, unsparing 
 mockery, pervade and permeate the whole. The charm and power 
 of these dialogues have been such that they have found numer- 
 ous imitators in modern times, One should compare the similar 
 dialogues of Fontenelle, of Fenelon, and of Lord Lyttelton, as 
 well as the ' Imaginary Conversations ' of Walter Savage Landor ; 
 which, however different they may be in aim, recognize the work of 
 Lucian as their model. But in gracefulness of style and felicity 
 of incidents Lucian will be found unsurpassed by any of his 
 imitators. 
 
 The selections here given are, with one exception, those in which 
 we hear from our old friend Menippus. It is he from whom the 
 ridicule and the mockery come. As in the world, so among the 
 shades, the follies of men, nay, even their grave pursuits, are 
 subjects for sarcasm and derision. The dialogues have been 
 arranged out of their usual order, so as to present the experiences 
 of Menippus in the lower world in something like what may be 
 considered their chronological order. 
 
NOTES. 289 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1. HERMES AND CHARON. 
 
 Hermes presents an itemized bill to Charon, and demands immediate 
 settlement. 
 
 P. 132. 1. • 2, ct 8oK€t, ' if you please.' 2. IpiXpykv n, ' that 
 we may not in any way have further misunderstanding about them.' 
 1 Mayn't have a squabble hereafter about the items.' Franklin. Fr., 
 however, arbitrarily omits the ri, and inserts it just below, after upicrOai. 
 3. avTwv : i.e. rwv btyziXojxevwv. 4. &fi€ivov, ktA., 'for it is better to 
 come to a settlement, — there will be one care less.' 6. cvTciXajicvo) : 
 
 sc. <roi. tt€vt€ 8pa.xp.wv : G. 178; H. 578. 8. ircXXov Xe'-yeis, 'that 
 
 is high.' Said with reference to the five drachmas, nearly a dollar. Cf. 
 
 Vitar. Auct. 26. 9. 'AiSwve'a: an epic form of 'Ai'S^s. twv ire'vTe : 
 
 the article, because reference is had to the five just spoken of. 
 
 d>VTj<rd(jiT]v : Attic would have used iirpia.^.i]v. 10. 8uo 6poXa>v : about 
 six cents. 12. dKe'crrpav virlp t. 'mttCov, ' a needle for mending the 
 
 sail'* sc. iKSfiicra. 16. t. dvew-ydra, 'the seams.' kcu -fjXovs 8e, 
 
 ' and nails besides.' 17. viripav, * halyard.' 
 
 P. 133. 1. Kal &|ta TavTa a>vii<ru, ' good, you got those cheap.' 
 2. Tavrd cany, 'that's all,' etc. 6. Ka,Tair€|n}rr] d0. nvds, 'sends 
 dead to us in regular crowds.' 7. -rrapaX. t. -iropG., ' by a false reckon- 
 ing of the ferry dues.' Charon had to account, according to Lucian 
 (v. Char. 2, and below, 22,3), to Aeacus for all the fees he took in. If 
 the dead are numerous, he counts on being able to pocket something on 
 the sly for himself. 2. 10. ws &v . . . diroXd^oijxi : for use of &v, 
 v. G. 216, 1, n. 2; H. 741. For opt., v. Char. 1 (n, 1). 13. T|p.tv : 
 ethical, as frequently with such verbs. Cf. Char. 24 (31, 1). 18. vOv 
 hi, kt\. : it is amusing enough to hear the arch-undertakers, Hermes and 
 Charon, complaining of dull times and the inferiority of modern corpses. 
 But in the remaining words of this speech the humor passes into scorch- 
 ing satire. 23. a>s toiKao-i, 'as they seem,' 'so far as I can judge.' 
 24. TavTa : viz. xp^aia. 
 
 19 
 
290 DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 2. DIOGENES AND POLYDEUKES. 
 
 Diogenes commissions Polydeukes to bid Menippus come to the lower world, 
 and charges him at the same time with an exhortation to the philosophos 
 and the poor* 
 
 P. 134. 1. 1. lireiSdv to-x- dveX., c as soon as you reach the upper 
 world.' 2. <rbv Yap ecrriv, ' for it is your turn/ etc. Ace. to the myth 
 here followed, Polydeukes was the son of Zeus and Leda, while Castor 
 was the son of Tyndareus. The former, therefore, was immortal ; the 
 latter, subject to death. Oh the death of the latter, Polydeukes obtained 
 from Zeus that he might every other day exchange lots with his brother ; 
 so each lived one day in Hades, then ascended to the upper world. Cf. 
 Dial. Deor. 26 ; Verg. Aen. 6, 121 ff. ; Ovid. Fasti, 5, 699 ff. 3. Me'vnr- 
 ttov t. Kvva, ' Menippus, the dog '; that is, ' the cynic' kvwv was a nick- 
 name of the Cynics, from their filthy, negligent habits and life. Whether 
 their regular name (kvjhkos) was given to them for the same reason, or 
 from the gymnasium (KiWtrapyes), whese Antisthenes, founder of the 
 sect, taught, is matter of doubt. For Menippus, v. Introd. to Icarom. 
 4. Kp&veiov : a cpyress grove, near the eastern gate of Corinth, much 
 frequented by idlers ;, a favorite resort of Diogenes himself. For the 
 Lyceum, v. to Icarom. 21, end. 5. <pi\oo-6(j>wv : G. 177; H. 583, 
 6. 8ti: introduces direct quotation, and is not to be translated. 7. Aio- 
 yivr\s : the famous Cynic. He lived through the greater part of the fourth 
 cent. B.C. His habits were excessively plain and austere, his eccentrici- 
 ties innumerable. All that he disapproved he scoffed and ridiculed with 
 
 utmost freedom. <roi : G. 188, 35 H. 600, 9. envyeXao-op-evov : 
 
 G. 277, 3 j H. ySg r d. 10. irokv to, ktA.., 'frequent was the thought/ 
 etc. G. 141, n. 7. 12. -yeAcav : G. 279, I ; H. 798. 14. ck jxdv. olp.. 
 8ia-y., ktA.., ' recognizable only by reason of their lamentation, and the 
 fact that they,' etc. 17. irrjpav : v. to Tim. 57 (61, 8). 18. 0€p|xo>v, 
 1 lupines' ; a common article of food. Cf. Beck. Char. Exc. 1 to so. vi. 
 19. 'Ek&tt]s SeiTrvov: cf. Catapl. 7. Hecate was a mysterious divinity 
 of the lower world, who was credited with sending all sorts of evil spirits 
 into the world at night, and who taught sorcery and witchcraft, and the 
 like black arts. She was thought to haunt the places where two roads 
 meet, and graveyards,, and places where murder had been done. At the 
 end of every month dishes of food were offered to her at the cross-roads, 
 
 and this was carried off by the poor people. wbv etc KaQapvlov, ' egg 
 
 of purification.' It was the custom at Athens to purify theatres and other 
 
NOTES. 291 
 
 places of public assembly by small offerings of this sort For other men- 
 tion of eggs for this use, cf. Juven. 6, 516; Ovid, de Arte Am. 2, 329 f. 
 2. 22. Sirws 8e €l8£ : elliptical expression ; supply \Qov or ewre. Cf. 
 
 Vitar. Auct. 19. Cob., V. L 108, would change onus to ir&s. oiroio's 
 
 tis, kt\., ' about how does he look?' 24. Tats . . . ttoikCXov, 'covered 
 with patches of every conceivable color.' 
 
 P. 135. 4. PovXsi — IvTeiAcDjia,!. : v. to Char. 9 (18, 10). 7. t. p.ev 
 6Xov : v. to Char. 2 (12,6). 8. X-rpovo-i : this and fol. parts, predi- 
 cative, like yeAwj/ on previous page. twv tfXwv, ' the universe,' as fre- 
 quently in Icarom. Kc'paTa : v. to Cock, 11 (71, 22}. 9. KpoKo- 
 
 SeiXovs : the ' crocodile ' was one of the most famous sophisms. Cf. Vitar. 
 Auct. 22. It is put in the form of a tale. A mother besought a crocodile, 
 that was running off with her child in his jaws, to be so good as to restore 
 her boy. ' I will do so,' he replied, ' if you will answer with truth the 
 question I shall propound.' The mother promises to do so. ' Tell me, 
 then,' says the crocodile, 'am I going to give you back your boy or not ?' 
 What is the mother to answer ? Whether one way or the other she will 
 not recover the child. If she says ' you will give it up,' he answers 'your 
 words are false/ and devours the child. If she says 'you will not give 
 him up,' he gives up the child, and so her words are proved false again, 
 and she must return it to the munster. In either case she cannot com- 
 plain ; he does not break his contract, for she does not answer with truth. 
 The grammarian Aphthonius advises the mother to make the latter reply, 
 and run off with the child which the crocodile must give up in order to 
 convict her of falsehood. ' If she can run faster than the crocodile,' 
 Wieland adds, ' this is the best advice, no doubt, so far as saving the 
 
 child is concerned ; but the sophism is still unsolved.' ko.1 to. . . . vovv, 
 
 'and practise the mind in asking,' etc. 13. <rv . . . Xe'-ye, 'tell them 
 from me to go howl I' 3. 17. ri 8e, ktA. : cf. Char. 20. 19. e'va 
 d(3oX6v : v. to Char. 20(27,3}. 27. iravTa fiia Mtjkovos, 'all quite 
 alike.' Myconos, one of the Cyclades, the people of which were all said 
 to be bald ; whence the proverb. For other instances of the proverb, cf. 
 Strabo, 10, p. 487 ; Plutarch, Symp. 1, p. 616 B. Consult the note of 
 
 Hemsterh. on this passage. <J>ao-£, ' as they say.' 28. koXXovs : 
 
 G. 180, 1 ; H. 584,/. 
 
 P. 136. 4. 1. Ad,Ka>v : inasmuch as he was the son of Leda, wife 
 of Tyndareus, king of Sparta. 6. el 8ok€? : v. above, 1,1. 7. IkXc- 
 \v<r8at avTovs, ' they have become effeminate.' 12. ols = tovtols ous. 
 direveyKov : Attic would have been aireveyne. Cf. Veitch, p. 670. 
 
292 DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 3. CHARON, HERMES, AND DIVERS DEAD. 
 
 Hermes brings a party of dead to the shore of Styx. Charon directs that 
 before embarking they must lay aside all they had brought with them from 
 life. Hermes stations himself at the bridge^ and sees that this injunction 
 is strictly carried out. 
 
 1, With this dialogue compare Cataplus ; and also Plato's Gorgias, 
 p. 524 ff., which seems to have given Lucian many ideas both for this 
 dialogue and Cataplus. 14. tjjuv : G. 184, 3, n. 4 ; H. 598. 16. ^v 
 Tpairrf eiri 0JL, olx.. ircpiT., ' if it incline to one side, over we go.' For use 
 of part, v. G. 279, 4, n. ; C. 591, e, n. 23. •yvjj.vovs : cf. Char. 20. 
 
 P. 137. 1. Kal o#r«$, ' even in that case.' 2. to dirb tovtov, 
 'from this time on.' r6 adverbial. Cf. to iirl tout^j, Char. 7 (16, 15). 
 5. irapd t. diropdGpav, ' at the ladder.' 2. 8. oirrocrl ris 6 irpayrds 
 «rri : notice arrangement of words. Usual order were, 6 irpwros olros 
 ris i<rn. ovroai y ' this man here,' is purposely placed first. 11. t6v 
 TpiJJcova, kt\., * fortunately I did not bring my cloak with me.' ov5e 
 emphatic. Cf. Char. 17 (24, 23). For t. rpifiuva, to fiaicTpov, and 
 7] Trtjpa, cf. Tim. 57 (61, 8). 3. 16. XapjxoXews : reference is prob- 
 ably had to a real character, though nowhere else do we hear anything 
 about him. 19. avTois <j>i\^j|ia<ri, ' kisses and all.' 4. 21. 6 t^|v 
 7rop<{>vp£8a : v. to Char. 9 (18, 7). 24. Adp-iri^oS; TeXwwv Ttipavvos, 
 ' Lampichus, tyrant of Gela,' a well-known city on the southern coast of 
 Sicily. 27. rl oSv; 'why, then?' repeats the previous question at 
 the beginning of the answer, as we so often in English. 
 
 P. 138. 1. <rot : ethical ; v. to Char. 1. 5. ovkovv dXXa, /ctA.., 
 ' well, let me keep at least,' etc. 6. etpecrrpiSa : same as iropfvplda, 
 just above. 5. 15. AapacrCas : of Amphipolis, victor in the foot 
 races at Olympia, Ol. 115. Cf. Lexiph. 11. 16. &hko.s, 'you look 
 
 like him.' o!Sa — ISwv : ind. disc. G. 280. Hermes was patron of 
 
 gymnastic sports. 21. Iirct, ' otherwise'; lit., 'since (if you don't) you 
 will,' etc. 24. t. K-r\pvy\iaTa : the public proclamations of victory by 
 the herald. 6. 30. t. IvTatpia, 'grave-clothes'; often very fine and 
 expensive. Cf. De Luctu, n. 
 
 P. 130. 2. dv€K^pv^€, ' proclaimed you'; viz. as benefactor. 6. rl 
 . . . ird0oijii: cf. Char. 2 (n, 23) ; Tim. 39 (51, 28). 8. 13. 6 <r€p.vos, 
 kt\. : with this description compare Tim. 54 f . 14. PpcvOwojicvos : 
 cf. Tim. 54 (59, 4). 15. 6 Iirl t. <J>povr., ' lost in his thoughts.' 
 
NOTES. 293 
 
 17. <f>iXdcro<j>ds tis, ' a sort of philosopher.' Menippus speaks, as 
 the philosopher — a man of his own class — appears upon the scene. 
 
 24. Xdyovs dKcivOwSeis, ' thorny doctrines and involved speculations.' 
 
 25. dXXd kcu, ' nay, even.' 
 
 P. 140. 2. iroia, kt\., ' what galley of fifty oars could hold you ? ' 
 9. 7. 7T€vtc [ivat : something more than six pounds. 11. ireXeKw t. 
 vcanrrjviKcCv, ' a ship-carpenter's axe.' For construction, cf. Dream, I, 
 Ttxvr)v r. fiavavaoov. Frequent in Lucian. 19. |3oijXei — d<j)€Xa)p.ai : 
 v. above, 2, 2 (135, 4). 23. KdOapp-a : v. to Char. 10 (18, 29). 
 27. KoXaKeiav, ktA , ' flattery, which served him many a good turn in 
 his life.' 30. t. &Xv. k. t. yev., ' your freedom from regret, and your 
 high spirits.' 
 
 P. 141. 1. jjlovos t. &XX<ov: v. Dial. Mar. 2, 1 (125, 4). 3. dXXd 
 Kal, ' but rather.' 10. 10. Xiie t. airoyeia, ' loose the moorings.' 
 12. €ti9vv£ t. irrjS., 'mind the helm.' 13. €V7rXow[X€v, 'fair voyage 
 to us ! ' 11. 14. <ru 6, kt\., ' you who just had your beard chopped 
 off.' 19. to, iroia : v. to Tim. 28 (46, 16). 24. cm t. <ro<ju'a, 'for 
 his wisdom.' 27. 8s eVircvcra, kt\. : Menippus committed suicide ; so 
 it was said. 12. 29. fi£Ta£i> Xdywv : v. to Char. 24 (30, 12). 
 
 P. 142. 5. KctKciva : repeats the subject with strong emphasis. 
 6. d(j>9o'vois t. X£0oi$, ' with stones innumerable.' 8. tovtu) : Cob., 
 V. L. 229, changes this to tovtwl ; otherwise article would be necessary 
 with noun. 10. criiv ywaiiiv : for funeral ceremonies, v. Beck. Char. 
 
 Exc. to sc. ix. 13. 15. TU7rro|X€va)v, ' striking themselves.' 
 
 oirdrav, ktA.., ' when they shall gather to give me burial.' 17. -yewdSas 
 et, 'you are plucky.' 19. cvGeiav tKzivr\v irpoidvrcs, 'keeping the straight 
 road forward there.' G. 159, n. 5; H. 509, b, o. 21. irpota>|ji€v, ktA. : 
 said to his fellow-travellers after Hermes and Charon have started back. 
 24. Tpo\oiJS, ktX. : allusion to Ixion, Sisyphus, and Tityus. Cf. Od. 
 11, 576 ff. ; 593 ff. ; Ovid, Met. 4, 457 ff. ; Verg. Aen. 6, 595 ff. 
 
 4. CHARON AND MENIPPUS. 
 
 Charon demands his obol of Menippus, who flatly refuses to pay. 
 
 P. 143. 1. This may be thought of as an incident in the trip just 
 described. 1. dirdSos, ktA, ' pay me your fare, you rascal.' 2. d tovto 
 0-01 TJSiov, ' if it is any pleasure to you.' 3. <pTjju : v. to Dial. Deor. 
 2, 2, (119, 16) dv8' <Sv, ' for this, that,' etc. H. 518, b. 5. ovk dv 
 
294 DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 Xd^ois: G. 226, 2, b\ H. 722 t. p.f| 'dxovros : G. 283, 4; H. 839. 
 
 13. h<xttjv, ' to no purpose ' ; i. e. so far as Charon is concerned. 
 
 2. 17. vf) AC, ktA., ' by Zeus, I 'm in good business if,' etc. For 
 ui/afxriv, v. to Char. 24 (31, 4). 19. ovk diro. <rov, ' I shan't let you -off.' 
 20. tovtov ye cVsko,, ' as for that,' etc. 23. Se'ov : sc. iariv. 
 
 P. 144. 5. fjiovos t. dXXwv : v. to Dial. Mar. 2, 1 (125, 4). 6. ovSc'v, 
 kt\., ' that is nothing when the fare is in question.' 7. Oejxis, /^j. 
 
 3. 9. x^-piev Xeycis, ' a clever idea that.' 11. jjtfj iv. oSv, ' don't bother 
 then.' 13. Gepp.ov<5 . . . Kal t. 'Ek. t. Seiirvov : v. above, 2, 1, end. 
 20. kovScvos avTtp piXei, ' and he cares for nobody.' 22. &v ore \d(3co 
 ttot€ : aposiopesis. Cf. Cock, 29 (88, 29). 23. civ ^dp-ps, kt\., * if 'you 
 catch me, my good sir, — ah, but you won't catch me twice.' 
 
 5. MENIPPUS AND AEACUS. 
 
 Menippus, with Aeacus as cicerone, sees and converses with many of the 
 ancient worthies. 
 
 P. 145. 1.1. irpos t. IIXov. : he courteously swears by the god of 
 
 the lower world. ircpiTJYrjcrai : v. to Char. I (11, 13). 5. Ke'pjoepcs : 
 
 the many-headed watch-dog at the gate of Hades. 6. IIvpi.aSXc'ye'OovTa : 
 v. to Char. 6 (15, 11). 9. 'Eptvvs : avenging deities of terrible aspect, 
 three in number, — Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megaera. 13. 'ISojxcvcvs : 
 king of Crete, leader of the Cretans before Troy ; Ajax, son of Telamon, 
 next to Achilles bravest of the Greeks ; Diomede, leader of the Argives. 
 2. 16. paGcu, ktA., ' bless me, Homer, how the great heroes of thy 
 songs lie cast upon the ground, unknown and ugly,' etc. 18. d|i€VT|v& 
 . . . icdp-qva, ' feeble heads, in very truth.' An Homeric expression ; cf. 
 Od. 10, 521. For us a\7)6a>s t v. to Dream. 10 (5, 29). 20. Kvpos : 
 v. to Char. 9; where also Croesus. 21. SapSavdiraXXos : v. to Char. 23. 
 
 22. MiSas : v. to Tim. 42. H*p£ T l s : ^ m § °f Persia, and leader of 
 
 the Persian hosts against Greece, 480 B.C. Just below, reference is made 
 to the bridge of boats by which he crossed the Hellespont, and the canal 
 by which he cut through the isthmus connecting Mount Athos with the 
 mainland. 23. dra : v. Cock, 2 (63, 10). 25. otos, kt\., ' but what 
 a figure Croesus cuts ! ' 
 
 P. 14G. 5. cvko€v dXXd, kt\., ' well, I will at least spit in the 
 effeminate fellow's face, come what may.' 3. 7. PovXei €iriS€t£co : 
 v. to Char. 9 (18, 10). 9. IIvGcrydpas : v. to Cock, 4, and passim. 
 
NOTES. 295 
 
 10. E&J>opp€ : v. to Cock, 17. 13. xpvcrous 6 p,T)pos : v - to Cock, 
 18 {yj, 20). 14. <f>e'p€ l8w : v. to Char. 4 (14, 12). 16. »<tt€ ou 
 tovto <rot eSwSifiov : v. to Cock, 4 (65, 18). 19. ovSev i'crov, kt\. : 
 allusion to the Pythagorean dogma quoted in note to Cock, 4 (66, 10). 
 
 4. 22. ot &XX01 : viz. Bias, Chilo, Cleobulus, and Periander. 23. cirrd 
 8^, kt\., * they are seven in all, you see.' 26. 6 t. <j>\u. e£nv., ' he so 
 covered with blisters.' 27. ' Ep/ireSoxXris : v. to Icarom. 13. 29. x ^-- 
 kotov : a mocking title of s Empedocles, in allusion to the brazen slippers 
 which he is said to have worn, and one of which, as the story goes, was 
 
 thrown up by Aetna after he had cast himself into the crater. 
 
 ti ira9a>v, ' how did you get the notion,' etc. MT. 109, n. 7, b. 
 
 P. 147. 1. p.e\a\x°M a Tl S> ' a sort of madness.' 3. iroXX^ 
 Kopv£x, ' great stupidity.' 4. ovtc dvctfjiov ovto., ' as you well deserved.' 
 
 5. &{>a>pd0T]s "yap T€0vews, ' for it came to light that you had died.' It 
 was alleged that Empedocles's reason for casting himself into Aetna was 
 that there might be no witness of his death, and so he might be held to 
 be a god. The slipper was the silent witness against him. 8. p.€T& 
 N«rr. k. IIa\. : allusion to the next to the last chapter of Plato's Apology, 
 where Socrates expresses pleasure at the prospect of enjoying in the after- 
 life, without fear of censorship, conversation with those who had suffered 
 unjust condemnation, or who had been distinguished for their great 
 wisdom. Palamedes was one of the generals before Troy, condemned 
 at the instigation of Odysseus on the charge of treason, and stoned to 
 death. 5. 21. kcu rd -ye, kt\. : cf. the similar marks of the trite 
 
 philosopher, Icarom. 5. avTd, ' simply.' 24. dX\a ewpaKas, ' but 
 
 you saw in what manner,' etc. That is, it is no wonder the schools have 
 
 degenerated, for you know what the founders themselves were. irapd 
 
 <roi : the dat. here after verb of motion, to mark the result of the motion, — 
 1 came, and were with you.' 25. 'Apfo-Turiros : the founder of the 
 Cyrenaic school, who made pleasure the highest aim of life. Cf. Cic. 
 
 De Off. 3, 33. 26. p.vpou : G. 171, 2 ; H. 576. 6 8* t. kv 2. -rvp. 
 
 Geo. €K(x. : it is a slander on the part of Menippus to imply that Plato 
 played the courtier while at the court of Dionysius in any improper w r ay. 
 23. (j>povoutriv : subject general, ' people.' 
 
 P. 148. 2. ov8£v elSoTi : Socrates said that the great distinction 
 between him and other men was just this: they were all equally ignorant; 
 but they thought they knew something, while he knew he did not. Cf. 
 Plat. Apol. passim ; and Cic. Tusc. Disp. 1, 4, 16. 6. 6. Xapp.t8r]s, 
 kt\. : disciples of Socrates. 7. 6 tow KXeivCou : viz. Alcibiades. 
 
2g6 DIALOGUES OF THE DEAD. 
 
 9. ovk oXi-ywpeis t. KaXdiv : this is a little inconsistent with what is fre- 
 quently said elsewhere in these dialogues. If all were equally bald and 
 fiat-nosed, and all that, there was of course no beauty. Lucian had better 
 have left this scoff out. 10. ti -yap, ' why, what,' etc. 14. goitca. 
 — "ye\do-eo-8cu : v. to Char. 6 (16, 3). 
 
 6. PLUTO, or versus MENIPPUS. 
 
 Croesus eo77iplains for himself and others to Pluto, that Menippus with his 
 jeers and gibes gives them no comfort in bewailing their lost grandeur. 
 
 1. 21. irapoiKowTCt : predicative. G. 279, i; H. 798. 22. kclto.- 
 otttjctov, ' set him down somewhere (in quiet), or,' etc. Schaefer, how- 
 ever, changes to iierda-T-qcrov, and Cob. and Fr. approve. 23. ojxdveKpos 
 <J5v, ' who is your fellow dead-man.' Only found here. 
 
 P. 149. 8. ti tcu)t& 4>ao-iv ; 'what do they mean by this?' Short 
 expression for ti raurd i<mv a. <j>a(Ttv. 2* 20. oSt<u -yivioo-KeTe, kt\., 
 ' rest assured that I shall never cease.' This said after Pluto has retired. 
 For construe, cf. X. Anab, 1, 3, 6. 27. ttoLvtcov ckcivcov: cf. Iud. Voc. 8, 
 for similar gen. Usually the ace, as in Tim. 18. 30. KTTjjiaTwv : for 
 this and the foil, gens., v. to Char. 13 (22, 15). 
 
 P. ISO. 4. *yvw3i o-cumSv : a saw accredited to Chilo. It was 
 inscribed in golden letters in the Delphic temple of Apollo. 5. -Trpe'inn 
 ■yap &v, kt\., * for 'twill be fine, sung to the accompaniment of groans like 
 these.' 
 
 7. MENIPPUS AND HERMES. 
 
 Menippus asks Hermes to point out to him the persons famous when alive 
 for their beauty, and moralizes, Hamlet-fashion, over the shell of Helen. 
 
 1. 7. irou 8e : with this we are introduced into the midst of a conver- 
 sation. 9. KaT ckcivo, ' yonder.' 10. 'YdiavOos : a youth of Lace- 
 daemon, famous for his beauty. How he was beloved by Apollo and 
 Zephyr, and how the latter caused the discus of the former to veer so 
 as to strike and kill him, may be read in Dial. Deor. 14. Cf. Ovid, 
 Met. 10, 162 ff. From his blood sprang the hyacinth. 11. NdpKuro-os : 
 son of the river god Cephissus and the nymph Liriope. He was 
 untouched by the passionate love of Echo, and the gods punished his 
 
NOTES. 297 
 
 hcartlessness by making him fall in love with his own image reflected in 
 a fountain. As he could not attain this, he pined away and died. Cf. 
 Ovid, Met. 3, 341 ff Nipevs : cf. II. 2, 673, — 
 
 Nipevs, os /cdAAioros avr\p vtto "IAiop rj\&ev. 
 
 12. Tvpw : daughter of Salmoneus, the beloved of Poseidon. Cf. 
 Od. 11, 235 ff. 21. toxjtI t. Kpav. tj 'EX.. ecrriv : cf. Hamlet, 5, 1, — 
 ' Now get you to my lady's chamber, and tell her, let her paint an inch 
 thick; to this favor she must come.' 2. 22. dra: v. Cock, 2 (63, 10). 
 
 Tovro : viz. t. Kpaulov. 
 
 P. 151. 5. TOtfjS', kt\. : II. 3, 157. 6. el' tis pXe'iroi . . . 8d£ei : 
 v. to Dream, 8 (4, 23). 10. tovto 0aup.d£a>, el (nfjj, 'I am astonished at 
 this, that the Greeks did not perceive,' etc. 12. 7rovowT6s : G. 280. 
 
 8. NIREUS, THERSITES, AND MENIPPUS. 
 
 Nireus and Thersites appeal to Menippus as to which is the handsomer. 
 He cannot tell them apart ! 
 
 1. 20. r£ves kcU : v. to ri Kai, Dream, I. 22. Nipevs k. ©cpa-Cn^s : 
 
 the first the handsomest, the second the ugliest, man in the Greek host. 
 For latter, cf. II. 2, 212 ff. 
 
 P. 152. 5. 6 TvcpX.ds : the common tradition of Homer's blindness 
 very cleverly used by Thersites to defend himself. 8. SvTtva kcu : as 
 just above, rives kxL 9. ipi, ktA. : changed from II. 2, 672 f. 
 
 2. 13. dpa, 'forsooth.' 8ia.KpivoiT* &v : G. 226, 2, b ; H. 722. 
 
 18. ovstpaTa, ' idle dreams.' 19. eK€iva, ' your former appearance.' 
 22. lo-oTijxia, kt\., ' equality reigns in Hades, and all here are just alike.' 
 Death, the great leveller, does away with all the inequalities that so per- 
 plex thee in this world. In the after-life the distinctions that men make 
 are unknown ; ' for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor 
 wisdom in the grave, whither thou goest.' 
 
JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 KEEP'S HOMER'S ILIAD. 
 
 WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES 
 
 BY 
 
 ROBERT P. KEEP, Ph.D., 
 
 WILLISTON SEMIXABY, EASTHAMPTOJT, MASS. 
 
 BOOKS I.-VI. With a fac simile of a page of the Venetian 
 Manuscript of the Iliad. 12mo. 364 pages. $1.50. 
 
 BOOKS I.-III. Without the fac-simile. 12mo. 216 pages. 80 
 
 cents. , 
 
 In this work much labor has been bestowed upon the introductory 
 matter, which constitutes a distinctive feature of the book. It contains an 
 Essay upon the Origin, History, and Transmission of the Homeric Poems, 
 giving in the form of a connected narrative full explanation in regard to the 
 Homeric question ; an Essay on Scanning, which presents the subject in a 
 simple, untechnical way, and illustrates the Homeric verse by the aid of 
 English hexameters; and a concise yet complete Sketch of the Homeric 
 Dialect. The Notes have been made quite full, and aim to supply that col- 
 lateral information so much needed in the study of Homer. Eeferences 
 are made to the Greek Grammars of Hadley (Allen's new edition) and 
 Goodwin. 
 
 A very attractive feature of the Six-Book edition is a perfect fac-simile 
 of a page of the famous Venetian Manuscript of the Iliad, — the best man- 
 uscript of Homer and one of the finest of all existing manuscripts. 
 
 No pains have been spared to make these the best-equipped 
 and the most useful editions of the Iliad -which can be put into 
 the hands of a pupil, and they are almost universally accepted, 
 not only as the best school editions in the English language of 
 any part of Homer, but also as text-books of altogether excep- 
 tional merit. 
 
Keep's Homer s Iliad. 
 
 The Nation, N. Y. — It is seldom that we feel called upon to express un- 
 qualified approbation of a text-book for schools; but Mr. Robert P. Keep's edition 
 of the Iliad of Homer, Books I. -VI., leaves so little room for fault-finding that we 
 shall not attempt any. Facing the titlepage is a beautiful fac-simile of a page ot 
 the Codex Venetus A (13 x 10 inches), the most important MS. of the Iliad. The 
 introduction gives a very good summary of the results of investigations of modern 
 scholars as to the origin and mode of transmission of the Homeric Poems ; and, 
 though necessarily brief, it will yet inform the student of what many quite recent 
 text-books of the Iliad do not, that there is such a thing as " the Homeric ques- 
 tion," and impart some idea of its nature and the different answers which have 
 been given to it. The sections on the structure and scansion of Homeric verse, 
 on the dialect of Homer, and the commentary generally, show a nice appreciation 
 of what a student needs and ought to have. Altogether the book is very handsome 
 and very scholarly, and we have no doubt will prove very useful. (October 18, 
 1883.) 
 
 Professor Jacob Cooper, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. — No col- 
 lege edition of Homer has appeared, either in this or any other country, in the last 
 twenty years, that shows a superior knowledge of what is needed in the class- 
 room. 
 
 Professor N". L. Andrews, Madison University, Hamilton, N.Y. — A more 
 satisfactory edition of the first six Books of the Iliad than this by Dr. Keep could 
 hardly be prepared. Every scholarly instructor and every good student wiil value 
 especially the introductory matter. 
 
 Professor George H. White, Principal Preparatory Department, Oberlin 
 College, Ohio. — Keep's Iliad is evidently superior to any edition now in use, and 
 we have voted to adopt it for our classes. The introductory matter is valuable, and 
 includes a satisfactory outline of the Homeric forms ; the notes are scholarly, grace- 
 ful, and suggestive ; and the whole work reveals the hand of the experienced and 
 enthusiastic teacher. 
 
 Professor B. Perrin, Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio. — I can clearly see that 
 it is by far the best in the field, and I shall at once recommend it for the preparatory 
 department, and use it myself. I am especially grateful for the chapter on scan- 
 ning, which could not be improved ; also for the fac-simile of Venetus, and the 
 table of grammatical references; but above all for the wealth of class-room ex- 
 perience which has been incorporated in the book. That cannot be supplied by 
 mere erudition. 
 
 Professor Chas. F. Smith, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. — l have 
 examined Keep's Iliad with the greatest care, and consider it by far the best Amer- 
 ican edition, and, indeed, one of the very best text-books we have. 
 
 Professor Alexander Kerr, State University, Madison, Wis. — Keep's Iliad 
 is incomparably the best edition which has appeared in this country. 
 
John Allyn, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston* 
 
 Professor J. H. Wright, Dartmouth College. — It possesses many features 
 that place it far beyond all its competitors. 
 
 W. C. Collar, Head-Master Rozbury Latin School, Boston. — It is certainly 
 one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most useful, of school-books ; in 
 fact, I don't know what could be better suited to the needs of a student beginning 
 Greek. 
 
 Professor B. L. Cilley, Phillies Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H. — When my 
 next class take the Iliad I shall certainly use your new edition. It is just the 
 thing for them. 
 
 Professor E. P. Morris, Williams College, Mass. — I am at present leading the 
 Odyssey with a class, and have been comparing Keep's Iliad with Merry's edition 
 of the first twelve books of the Odyssey. I think the former decidedly superior to 
 the latter, both in the notes and in the introduction ; and as to the school-editions of 
 the Iliad, there is not one which will stand a comparison with this. 
 
 Professor Francis W. Tustin, University at Lewisburg, Pa. — I have no 
 hesitation in saying, that in all respects this is the best American edition of the 
 Iliad that I have seen. I shall use it hereafter with my classes in Homer. With 
 such text-books as this, there is little danger that " Greek must go " from the curri- 
 cula of our colleges. 
 
 Professor Edward B. Clapp, Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111. — I will 
 not say anything about its external appearance, which is charming, or its typog- 
 raphy, which is almost ideal. But the introductory matter suits me better than 
 anything I have seen in a school-edition, and after comparing the notes on the First 
 Book, line by hue, with those in one of our most popular editions, I am convinced 
 that they are better, fresher, and less mechanical. 
 
 Professor E. Alexander, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. — It is 
 not easy to think of anything which the editor has omitted in the making of this 
 perfect text-book. It is filled with clearly arranged matter, quite beyond the usual 
 range of such books, and students of Homer will thank Dr. Keep for putting so 
 thoroughly good a book within their reach. 
 
 George L. Fox, High School, New Haven, Conn.— My class and I will both, 
 I am sure, take a keener interest in reading Homer because of this admirable text- 
 book, for which every teacher of Greek must be grateful to Mr. Keep. It is not 
 easy for any one to deny that it is altogether the best edition for school use. 
 
 Professor James Wallace, Wooster, Ohio. — I have examined it with consid- 
 erable care, and have no hesitation in pronouncing it an ideal text-book. 
 
 Professor John B. Foster, Colby University, Waterville, Me. — I greatly 
 admire the volume in all its features, and very heartily join in the high commenda- 
 tion which it has received from so many eminent teachers. 
 
COMSTOCK'S FIRST LATIN BOOK. 
 
 A First Latin Book, designed as a Manual of Progressive Exercises and 
 Systematic Drill in the Elements of Latin, and Introductory to Caesar's 
 Commentaries on the Gallic War. By D. Y. Comstock, M. A., Instruc- 
 tor in Latin, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass. 12mo, half leather. 
 310 pages. $1.00. 
 
 The design of this book is to furnish a Manual, complete in itself, 
 which shall give a thorough preparation for the intelligent study of Caesar's 
 Gallic War. It contains: I. A Brief Eeview of English Grammar; II. 
 The Elementary Principles and Definitions of Latin Accidence ; III. The 
 Latin Lessons, with exercises for translation, notes, and test questions ; 
 IV. The Notes, giving a concise but complete outline of all essential princi- 
 ples of Latin Syntax; V. An Appendix of all the necessary forms of 
 inflection ; VI. Latin-English and English-Latin Vocabularies. 
 
 It is heartily commended by the many teachers who are 
 using it as superior to all other books of the same class, in the 
 vital points of fulness and accuracy, of clearness and concise- 
 ness, of judicious gradation and arrangement, and of absolute 
 completeness. 
 
 John S. White, LL.D., Head-Master Berkeley School, New York City.— 
 Comstock's Latin Book I find the best book for its purpose that I have ever used. 
 The review of English Grammar at the beginning ; the separation of the vocabu- 
 laries from the exercises ; judicious and progressive presentation of the various 
 uses of the verb in the different moods ; and the condensed exhibit of the gram- 
 mar, — are such valuable features gathered within the covers of a text-book, that 
 it has no rival. 
 
 C. S. Moore, Principal High School, Taunton, Mass. — Having compared 
 the book with several other elementary Latin books, I have come to the conclusion 
 that Comstock's is the best one for our use. My reasons for preferring it are as 
 
John Allyn, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 follows : 1. It is complete, requiring no grammar for those who take Latin for 
 a short time. 2. It is concise without being deficient in material for drill. 3. It 
 is judicious both in the arrangement of vocabularies, notes, &c, and also in the 
 gradation of matter. 4. The "Essentials of Grammar" and the "Notes on Syn- 
 tax" give, in about 90 pages, a very useful and conveniently arranged summary of 
 all that the ordinary pupil needs to know. 5. The brief synopsis of English 
 Grammar gives an opportunity (much needed) to review the fundamentals of Eng- 
 lish Grammar, and compare and contrast them with those of Latin Grammar. 
 I find no other book that combines these advantages. 
 
 Nathan Thompson, A.M., Principal Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass. — 
 It is altogether the best Latin book for beginners with which I am acquainted. 
 
 Professor H. W. Johnston, Illinois College, Jacksonville, Illinois. — It seems 
 to me superior to any book of the kind hitherto published, and I regard the Essen- 
 tials of Latin Grammar as the best statement possible of what a boy must learn in 
 his first j'ear. 
 
 Professor John L. Cooper, Vanderbilt Preparatory School, Nashville, Tenn. — 
 With reference to the book, I can speak only in the highest terms. Indeed, I do 
 not think that there has ever been issued an Elementary Latin Exercise Book that 
 can compare with it in any respect. I say this advisedly, as I have examined 
 almost all issued in this country, and the most prominent English ones ; and, with- 
 out hesitation, I pronounce Mr. Comstock's the best book of its kind published. 
 
 Professor H. C. Missimer, High School, Erie,, Pa. — It is very easy to see 
 that Comstock's First Latin Book is the work of a thorough teacher, who has had 
 actual experience in the class-room with the difficulties which beginners in Latin 
 usually meet. Its classification and methods are thorough and complete. The 
 language is so clear, so simple, and school-like, that the dullest pupil, if he read 
 carefully, should understand without further explanation. Mr. Comstock has hit 
 the nail on the head. He knows just what and just how much grammar is needed 
 for good, clean work. We have had Leighton and Jones, — both good, — but we 
 like Comstock more, because it is better. 
 
 Professor R. F. Pexnell, Head-Master Buffalo Latin School, Buffalo, 
 N.Y. — I have examined with care Comstock's First Lessons in Latin. The book 
 shows the hand of a practical teacher, who understands the difficulties which are 
 constantly encountered by the beginner in Latin. I consider it the best book yet 
 published on the subject, and shall at once use it in the Buffalo Latin School. 
 
 Professor E. S. Shumway, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. — I know 
 not when I have seen such a combination of thoroughness and practical common- 
 sense in matter with taste in outer dress. I take pleasure in using it myself, and in 
 recommending it to teachers. 
 
Comstock's First Latin Book. 
 
 Professor R. Nutting, D.D., Blackburn University, Illinois. — Having taken a 
 large class of beginners through Comstock's First Latin Book, I am happy to report 
 that I find it not only satisfactory, but admirable, as a class-room manual. Its 
 chief points of excellence, as they occur to me, are: — 
 
 First. Its brief review of English Grammar, which I found more serviceable 
 to the entire class than I had supposed possible. 
 
 Second. The judicious order in which the syntactical peculiarities of the lan- 
 guage are introduced, and the lucid explanations which accompany them. 
 
 Third. The frequent and timely recurrence of examples compelling review 
 of principles and forms previously introduced. 
 
 In all these respects and in others peculiar to the work (as, for instance, the 
 condensed appendix of forms) I consider it preferable to any other work of the kind 
 with which I am acquainted. 
 
 Professor A. Stephenson, Upper Iowa University, Fayette, Iowa. — After 
 testing Comstock's First Latin Book in my class this year, I am happy to say that I 
 deem it beyond comparison. It is the most complete book for beginners that I have 
 ever seen in any language. Difficulties which, to previous classes, seemed almost 
 insurmountable have, by my class this year, been easily overcome. The notes are 
 wonderfully clear and concise, and in every respect it proves itself so excellent a 
 manual that I cannot do better than continue its use. 
 
 Professor John W. Heston, Pennsylvania State College. — I have to-day 
 (March, 1885) just finished taking my class through Comstock's First Latin Book, 
 and wish to say that I consider it the best preparatory book I have ever used. 
 After studying it for six months, my class this year reads Csesar with more facility 
 and better success than my previous classes have ever done, after they had spent 
 a whole year on preparatory lessons. To me the great charm of the book lies in 
 the simplicity of its arrangement, and the clearness and conciseness with which 
 even the most difficult matters, like conditional sentences, are explained. 
 
 Professor George T. Ettinger, M.A, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pa. — 
 I find it excellent in every respect. The Review of English Grammar is a new and 
 excellent idea. I like the simplicity of statement which pervades the entire book. 
 The object seems to be to instruct the student, not to spread the author's knowledge 
 of philology. The boy who studies it at all faithfully must be well prepared for his 
 higher course in Latin. 
 
 Professor Edwin Post, Be Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind. — It has all the 
 distinctive characteristics of the best introductory books, and some that many of 
 them lack. The notes are wonderfully fresh, interesting, and clear; and all its fea- 
 tures combine to make it a first-rate book, — binding, typography, arrangement and 
 development of topics, and clearness and accuracy of presentation. 
 

 John Allyn, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 Mr. I. N. Careeton, Bradford, Mass. — Comstock's First Latin Book seems 
 clearly to be a work of superior merit. An examination of its well-filled pages 
 convinced me that it was the best work for me to use with classes starting in Latin, 
 and the result has fully justified my choice. 
 
 Thomas D. Supplee, A.M., Head-Master Ear court Place School, Gambier, 
 Ohio. — After a careful examination and comparison of Comstock's First Latin 
 Book with other books under consideration, I decided to use it with my classes, and 
 wish to say that the book has given perfect satisfaction. I am delighted to find 
 between the covers of a single book exactly what I think classes beginning Latin 
 require. 
 
 Mr. I. B. Bttrgess, Rogers School, Newport, R. I. — It is accurate, practical, 
 well arranged, and clear in statement. I have seen nothing so complete as this 
 manual for the first year's study of Latin. 
 
 Professor H. W. Johnston, Jacksonville, III. — I have used Comstock's Latin 
 Lessons with a class in Whipple Academy this year, and have found it in all 
 respects the best manual, for the use of beginners, that I have tried. The class is 
 reading Ca?sar more satisfactorily than any previous one under my instruction. I 
 heartily commend the method of the work, and believe the author has accom- 
 plished all he has claimed for it in his preface. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Parsons, Central Institute, PitUfeld, Me. — I have used Com- 
 stock's First Latin Book during the present school year, and I take pleasure in 
 saying that it is by far the best book for beginners that I have ever used. 
 
 Professor A. M. Mattison, Baldwin University, Berea, Ohio.— I have been 
 using Comstock's Latin Book this year, and am well pleased with it. I do not 
 know of any better book for beginners. 
 
 Professor E. Alexander, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. — Comstock's 
 Latin Book is in use in our preparatory department, and is perfectly satisfactory. 
 A better text-book is not often seen. 
 
 O. D. Robinson, Master High School, Albany, N. Y.— With its general plan 
 and arrangement I am much pleased, and many of its features seem to me of superior 
 excellence. Among them I should mention the Review of English Grammar, so 
 advantageous for a beginner; the condensed form of the essentials of Latin Gram- 
 mar ; the close conformity in the phraseology to the text of Caesar; the regular 
 progression of its lessons towards the one important end of reading Caesar; the 
 admirable treatment of the indirect discourse ; the chapter added entire from 
 the first Book of Coesar; and the references and explanations, so helpful and 
 suggestive to the beginner in dealing with idioms. In short, I have every 
 reason to expect the very best results from the use of Mr. Comstock's book in the 
 class-room. 
 
BENNETT'S LATIN BOOKS 
 
 By GEORGE L. BENNETT, M.A., 
 
 Head Master of the High School, Plymouth, Eng., formerly Assistant Master 
 at Rugby School. 
 
 i. Easy Latin Stories for Beginners. With Vocabulary and 
 
 Notes. 16mo. 70 cts. 
 
 The aim of this book is to supply easy stories illustrating the elementary 
 principles of the Simple and Compound Sentence. It is intended to be used 
 either as a First Reader, introductory to Caesar, or for reading at sight, 
 for both of which purposes it is admirably adapted. The stories are various 
 and amusing, and it is hoped the notes will be found careful and judicious. 
 
 II. First Latin Writer. Comprising Accidence, the easier Rules 
 
 of Syntax, illustrated by copious examples and Progressive Exer- 
 cises in Elementary Latin Prose, with Vocabularies. 16mo. 90 cts. 
 
 " The book is a perfect model of what a Latin Writer should be, and is so 
 graduated that from the beginning of a boy's classical course it will serve 
 him throughout as a text-book for Latin Prose Composition." 
 
 III. First Latin Exercises. Containing all the Rules, Exercises, 
 
 and Vocabularies of the First Latin Writer, but omitting the 
 Accidence. 16mo. 70 cts. 
 
 IV. Second Latin Writer. Containing Hints on Writing Latin 
 
 Prose, with graduated continuous Exercises. 16mo. 90 cts. 
 
 Intended for those who have already mastered the elementary rules of 
 Latin Prose, this book contains hints on the difference between English and 
 Latin in idiom and in style, some notes on the commoner difficulties, and a 
 table of differences of idiom. The Three Hundred Exercises are fresh and 
 interesting, and give ample room for selection. 
 
BENNETT'S LATIN BOOKS, Continued. 
 
 One or more of the above books are NOW IN USE in Phillips- 
 Exeter Academy ; Phillips- Andover Academy ; St. Paul's School, 
 Concord, N. H. ; St. Mark's School, Southboro', Mass. ; St. Johnsbury 
 Academy ; Adams Academy, Quincy, Mass. ; Williston Seminary, 
 Easthampton ; Harvard College ; Amherst College ; Boston Univer- 
 sity ; Indiana University ; and many other institutions of similar 
 standing. 
 
 From Principal A, C. Perkins, Exeter Academy. 
 
 " We take Bennett's ' First Latin Writer ' as the Best Manual of Latin 
 Composition for the first two years of our course. The * Easy Latin Sto- 
 ries ' by the same author is excellently fitted for pupils when they are begin- 
 ning to read Latin." 
 
 From Dr. H. T. Fuller, St. Johnsbury Academy. 
 
 " We have used Bennett's ' First Latin Writer ' for the last two years, 
 and find it eminently satisfactory. Instead of giving detached sentences 
 to illustrate special grammatical principles, like most books of the sort, it 
 takes the pupil over a well-graded series of exercises to the writing of con- 
 nected discourse. It involves a knowledge of all the principles of Grammar 
 and Latin Idioms, and, by a skilful selection of review work, obliges the 
 pupil to keep what he has once acquired. Its breadth of vocabulary is com- 
 mendable in that it is not restricted to the words of any single author." 
 
 From The N. E. Journal of Education 
 
 " In the ' Latin Writers ' the editor has not sought by a special and limited 
 vocabulary to assist the pupil in reading one particular author, but has 
 rather endeavored, by a copious vocabulary and gradual but frequent use of 
 all the rules of Syntax, to give the pupil an excellent foundation for a sound 
 and comprehensive knowledge of Latin Prose Composition. The exercises, 
 too, are interesting in themselves, and take up the different idiomatic pecul- 
 iarities in such an easy and natural way, that the pupil almost unconsciously 
 masters them, without having them glaringly thrust upon him in little 
 detached sentences, which, when mixed up in a narrative, he fails of course 
 to recognize. We cordially recommend these books to the attention of all 
 classical teachers." 
 
 JOHN ALLYN, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
John Ally n > Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 PROFESSOR PENNELL'S TEXT-BOOKS. 
 
 Ancient Greece, from the Earliest Times down to 146 B.C. By 
 R. E. Pennell, Professor of Latin in Phillips-Exeter Academy. 
 With Maps and Plans. 16mo. 130 pages. 60 cents. 
 
 Rome, from the Earliest Times down to 476 A.D. 16mo. 206 
 pages. 60 cents. 
 
 These books are compiled respectively from the works of Curtius and 
 Rawlinson, and from Mommsen and Niebuhr. They contain amply sufficient 
 matter to prepare a pupil for any of our colleges. All minor details are, 
 however, omitted, thus avoiding a confused mass of matter so perplexing to 
 every beginner. Important events, names, and dates are printed in heavy 
 type, strongly impressing them upon the student's memory. 
 
 Professor George R. Gear, Marietta College, Ohio. — I regard Professor 
 Pennell's "Ancient Greece" and "Rome" as capital compendiums, preserving 
 admirably, not merely the dry bones, but the juicy meat of larger works. 
 
 Professor O. Howks, Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y. — It is an excellent 
 summary of Roman history, — a difficult task well performed. 
 
 Rev. Martin E. Cady, Poultney, Vt. — It is by far the best compendium of 
 Roman history that I have seen for classes in academies. 
 
 Professor W. M. Jefferis, Delaware College. — It is a most judicious epitome 
 of Greek history, containing just those salient points about which all the minor 
 events naturally group themselves. Teachers and pupils will rejoice to be free 
 from Smith's maze of petty names and events. 
 
 A. P. Peabody, D.D., Harvard University. — I know of no other compend of 
 Roman Geography and History so well fitted for students in the early stages of a 
 classical education. In addition to its worth as a school book, it is of no little value 
 as a reference book for the leading names, dates, and facts of Roman history. 
 
 The Latin Subjunctive. A Manual for Preparatory Schools. 
 By Professor R. E. Pennell. 16mo. Sewed. 56 pages. 25 cents. 
 
 Professor W. L. Threlkeld, Kentucky University, Lexington, Ky. — It is the 
 best elementary manual of the Latin Subjunctive that can be placed in the hands 
 of a beginner. 
 
 T. B. Mackey, Gouverneur, N. Y. — I believe it to be the best work on the 
 subject for preparatory schools. The hand of the experienced teacher is discernible 
 throughout. The classification of conditional sentences is especially to be com- 
 mended. 
 
FRENCH TEXT BOOKS. 
 
 BlHARDENAL'S FRENCH SERIES. 
 
 FIRST FRENCH COURSE, or Rules and . Exercises for 
 Beginners. By C.-A. Chardenal. 16mo, 220 pages. 60 cents. 
 
 SECOND FRENCH COURSE, or French Syntax and Reader. 
 16mo, 250 pages. 75 cents. 
 
 FRENCH EXERCISES FOR ADVANCED PUPILS, containing 
 Rules of French Syntax, Exercises on Rules and Idioms, and a 
 Dictionary of nearly Four Thousand Idiomatical Verbs, Sentences, 
 Phrases, and Proverbs. 16mo, 332 pages. $1.00. 
 
 These books have been carefully graded to meet the wants alike of the begin- 
 ner and of the advanced pupil. Taken together, they furnish a complete course of 
 French grammar, with exercises for translation into French and English. The 
 first two volumes contain, in addition, a French Reader, with complete vocabularies ; 
 and the last book contains also a long list of French idioms, arranged in sections, 
 with exercises for translation and retranslation on each section. 
 
 I have examined very carefully the book of Chardenal you had the kindness u> 
 9end me. I shall most certainly use it in some of my classes, and introduce it next 
 year at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. —Professor J. Levy, Boston. 
 
 Monsieur Chardenal's system of teaching French, unlike that of some modern 
 professors, is based upon a sound and thorough comprehension of the rules of the 
 language. He does not profess to teach French in a fortnight, or, may be, in a 
 week ; but tells his pupils at the outset that the knowledge of French, like any other 
 knowledge worth acquiring, can only be got at by hard and persevering" labor, 
 extended over a considerable space of time. We cordially recommend his volumes. 
 — London Spectator. 
 
 They are certainly the best books for the teaching of French I have ever seen, 
 and I have no hesitation in making them the text-books here. — Professor M. B. 
 Anderson, Butler University, Indiana. 
 
 Le recueil d'exercices public par M. Chardenal r^pond parfaitement, selon moi, 
 au but que l'auteur se propose. . . . En un mot, ces exercices apprendront aux 
 Aleves a parler francais, au lieu de se servir de phrases litte'ralement traduites de 
 l' anglais. — Professor Karcher, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. 
 
 Je puis vous dire, en toute since'rite', que vous avez fait un travail bon et utile. 
 Le recueil d'expressions idiomatiques est excellent et ferait a lui seul le succe's de 
 votre livre. — Professor Ch. Cassal, LL.D., University College, London. 
 
 Les regies sent si breves et si claires, les themes si bien gradue"s, et les idiot- 
 iflmes si bien rendus en anglais, que Tutilite'du livre pour les maitres aussi bien que 
 pour les Aleves n'admet aucun doute. — Professor Schaffer, St. Andrews University 
 
John Allyn, Publisher, 30, Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 NEW BOOKS. 
 
 Moss's First Greek Reader. With Introduction, Notes, and 
 Vocabulary. By Professor Charles M. Moss, Wesleyan Univer- 
 sity, Illinois. 16mo. 
 
 It is the aim of the author to furnish a Greek book for beginners which 
 shall be simple and interesting, and at the same time contain a large number 
 of such words, phrases, and idioms as are of frequent occurrence in Attic 
 Greek. There has for some time been a demand for such a book, to pre- 
 cede the Anabasis, which is of uneven difficulty, and which is quite apt, 
 when read slowly by a beginner, to grow very tedious. 
 
 The book contains no disconnected sentences. It consists of a series 
 of carefully graduated exercises for translation, beginning with the simplest 
 stories, and ending with extracts from Xenophon, Herodotus, and Lucian, 
 which have been changed and adapted to the knowledge of the beginner. 
 The text is preceded by valuable hints on translation, and followed by notes 
 and a complete vocabulary. 
 
 It is believed that the time spent in reading this book, before taking up 
 any Greek author for consecutive study, will be more than saved in the 
 subsequent rapid progress of the pupil. 
 
 Lucian. Short Extracts. With Introduction and Notes by Pro- 
 fessor Charles R. Williams, Lake Forest University. 16mo. 
 180 pages. 80 cents. 
 
 Containing The Dream, Timon, and Seventeen Dialogues. 
 
 Professor J. E. Goodrich, University of Vermont. — These dialogues of 
 Lucian are just the thing for rapid reading or for reading at sight. Lucian is so 
 alert, so keen, and withal so modern in feeling and temper, that the student is driven 
 to read on and on, just to see how the witty debate will end. I am glad to see that 
 Professor Williams has furnished an edition which will fully meet the demands of 
 the class-room. 
 
 Professor B. Perrin, Adelbert College, Ohio. — The book is very well edited, 
 and admirably gotten up, as are all of your recent publications. It fills a gap, cer- 
 tainly, in the list of serviceable text-books, and I hope to put it to a practical test 
 before long. 
 

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