VA\ ^"5 • cs5^» V • * • " \:^'''y 1> .L^ ^ -OHO' ^"i- O *.,,. ^0 -^ A*"*^ * \,^^ ' 47 ^ v^^ o • » • , G^ vD ^^^ .0'^ ..i:.-. -^ ■•^/ , .^■^ mmm C^^9 f^>Tl ;^„^i ;3viK t-a'i v-^;-; **; .' l-.M kSs Ksi kk kss fe>: k>: LoIj^k jg>> ks>ii^; km ^^ kk kaJ L^a ^i^i kS kk K'^i is "^ v^ l**i*i§«^*iKiiil^XfSi«:* ui<,'' 3\^.- VINCENNKS. IXD. : COlIilEKCIAL STKAM PKIXT 1SS2. 2;^Op WASHI^*^^!^'' PREFACE. f'TIS book is not desifrneil to be ;i text-book on the .subject of U. S. Historj'. It is .simply prepiired to serve as a crnide to te.'ieheis .inrl .students in the study of tiiat interestino; and instruoiive branch. 'I'iie difficulties in the study of this subject arise nor so mueb from the meajjreiKess or elaborate full- ness of the authors ; as from tlieii- failui'e* to arrano;*" the subject matter in such a manner as to be ea.iily fixed on tiu^ mind of tlie learner. The book is desi(;ned to serve more especially as a Snpplenient to T;iylor's ]\Iodel School History of ilieUnited States; aUhous:h it may be used \vi;li nearly equal facili- ty with r^.irnes, Rid))arh, Anderson and other of our populnr text-books. The auiiior claims but little as to oriirinnlity in subject ma'.ter: but the arrange- ment of the subject m itter nill hp found to be orio^iu;)!. The series of Iteview TojMcs at the close of the Administrations will be found :i o;rcat aid in fixiu": a knowledo-c! of the subject matter of that jieriod. This ^Manual will also be found invalujible to private students of U. S. Ilisfoi'y, as it will enable them to inteUioeiiily direcl ihcir study, and to reap reasonable pi-oMt trom their vvoik. 'JMiis work is not put forth as ;i Theory of U. S. History; but rather, as a book whose pi-inciples and arrauijement liave been wrought out in everyday school work. If this book- enables tt^achers to perfect tlieir kn()\vled>je of His- tory; or pupils to acquire a true love for historic.il literature, it will richly repay its anthoi- for all the care and study pur upon it. The Plan of Study and Metl>ods of Instruction ai-c emboilied in the -nuhDi-'s .-lUiji^eslions on reach- ing U. S. History. S. P. M. En*? The followino; books coiitnin, tlioiifjli often not in the same form, much of the matter containeil in this ontline: 1. .JoliMSon's American Politics. 2. Anderson's United States Reader, 3. Anderson's Popular School History of the United States. 4. S('avej''s Goodrich's History of the United States. 5. Harper's Seliool History by Scott. G. Kid(>ath'8 Academic IHstory. 7. QiiackiMihos' American History for Schools. S. 'I'halheinu'r's Eclectic History of the United States. !). Barnes'. Brief History of the United States. 10. Lossin_<('s Outline History of the United States. 11. Lossinjj's Centennial History (if th« United States. 1-2. Xesvman's Cyelopedia of American History and Biography. Suggestions on Teaching United States History. I. Tlie ('ol(ini:il hi'^rory slioiihl bi^tioared licii-Hy. 'I'lio-;t> IcS'Sons of Aiiier- ii'Mii liistoi y, u liicli arc inn-t useful, arc ro he i;-irlicr(>il from tlie i'lill lioli flood oC iiatioiiality, r itlicr rhaii Proni the nan-nw, lucaiiTi' stream of pniviiit'ial life. 'I'liis Ix'in^- I lie case, ami I he earlier ])('i-i(iils licino- nxi-c often -tiiiliei! iii ;oiy oi invcniiciis. Growth of Sot'tionilisni. Infernal linproven)(MUs. lli-tors of Ednealion, Terri- torial Increase, Mora!. Social and Reliuioiis Growth. Siudi things maUe up onr material life. .V >^r(idy of these and other (dosely ndated topics will lead the learner ro see the steps of the pro;4'ress hy which we hive bei; )!ii!! a u;fear Nation. 1\'. I.'eview s shonid be fre(pient, and slionld test the pnpiTs nndersland- in:^' r.atlier than lii> niennn y . V . .Since onr hisioiv from I(!()7 is a history of the lOn^lish p.-ople, a good know ledoe of conlcinporai-y i']nuli-h Iliston, will he found to he of o-reat aid to the t-orrecl teacher. Every feaclnM- s!n)nld posses- and sni y some st.andaial Eiiuli-h History. \' 1 . 'i'lie ie;ielier shonid enconraLre hi< piipiU to do snpplementar>' reail- iiii!;. He slionld also arran.ee his |)l.an of worlc. lb it they c;m .lo ni\i-\\ readiiili' to ad\ai'r.aiily re- tain it. VIII. Make a free U'-c of maps and charts, always ret!\embcriug, that an M WIWT. OF rXITED STATE'^ rifSIOTlT. a.«.*nci;itinii of ))l;ic(\ time. :inil f;ict will iimki' fiicli l fV.nml v:ilu;il)li>. Arran-jc rlm~: si t:ll)lP of il;it('<, plai'ps Mtirl iianios; DcSoto. l\li,api.i*ijipi "RivPr, 1541. C'ls. KxiMeise [1 .1 Point to the n.iine ( l)e Hoto) and have the pupil ji,ive time anil fart or |ilaee. a-; : Diseovered iIim Mississippi River in 1541. [2]. Point to the (late, and have the pupil irive nanie.md fact, or place. [3.] Point to the I'aet oi- place, and have the pupil ^ive lime. 'I'iioe exercises are valuable in that they : 1. Atfoid variety and |)leasiire. 2. Associate the name, fact, date and place. :{. Are speedy and efficient. IX. To properly diret-t others, the teaclier's knii\vledj;(^ should be aCLnir- ate. systematic and exhaustive. He may make his knowled^^e uccurata by carefid and frc(|ueiit reviews. lie may p'ake his knowled<;e systematic, hj' stndyiui;- the fads of history according- to a deiiuite plan. He may make his knoulediTc cxhau.slivc. by makinj; himself familiar with several standard au- thors. 'I'bis leads u.s to consider a teacher'-s tools — bonks. Every teacher siioidd possess a small hisloric.al libiary. The followinii' list is within the reach of all : 1. Seavey's(;oodricirs History r(. (,f this country's history ;but will lead them to more permanent results— an acquaintance with our gfe-'if hisrorians, and a. love for historical reailinji". X. Aid the pupil to interpret the thouijht of the author. See pages 231 Mud 232, Kidpath'sOrammar- School Edition, Sections eight nine and ten. The pupil may not see by a study of the above sections that they ineliule thefollow- iuij poiute; .MANUAT. OF UXITED STA^'ES HISTORY. ( St'nntc. ( How eltH'ted. Legislative. < -, Nunihpr. (flousiofUepre>cDtativcs ( Thi-iu of Office. j f f How CliDsep. ( ( How I I I Term of Om<-- I Electoral | Cliosen i Executive. J. President. ■{ „ -.- Aid. I I I ('olle>;e. | Number I I ( Supreme Court. ( Officers — -Tudo-es — Tertim of Ottice. I Judicial. -j -' '!'ri:il by .Turv. ' [ I [ntVrior Court. / Treason. Tiift pupil should not f)niy be able to answer questions involviui; any of these points, but to tell in lotrjc'ii o-'der wliat is told it: the book; expressing himself clearly and accurately. He «hould. in addition, be able to tell what f;ict. is told by each and every sentence. If any point needs il!usrratin own readins:. See priire 2.'U Ridpath's Grammar School Edition. s>e('tion six. National Rank. Tells when charlered. 170:^ Added matter — 1. Was partof Hamilton's liuaucial sidieme. 2. Chartered for twenty years, -i. Ca)ii- fal, $10,000,000. -t. LocatiMu— Philadelphia. .5. Purpose— [«] To aftbrd a steadv and nnifoi-m currency, [h] Served as a treasnry for irove'niment depos- its, [cj EiTect of the cliarter expirintr, (1811) ; se(> Ridjiath's .Vcademic His- tory. In this same way the matter can be .added toany topic not fully tr(\ated. 'I'hi;;. how<'ver, requires that the te.acher Icn-e considerable knowledore, to be .able to add kuowledire to that ir'ven and to liavestrouir powers of discrimina- tion, to know what is needed. XII. Subjects of irreat importance hi = toricalIv are often omitted in stand- ard histories. The "Invention of the Cotton Cin" is mentioned in but two, and is fullv treated in oulv one school historv. Robert Mcl\enzie. in an arti- (de on "King Of)tton" says: "Frr)m the juventifin of a machine for cheaply se])aratiui; the seed of cr)tton from the fibri\ and the ))ni-cliasef)f TiOiiisinua from the Freni-h, flow; the American Hi-t(M-y of the ni'Xt half centurv. Not any other ev(Mit since the War of Indenendence ; nor all other events ppf tojrpther, havt! done a< mucli to ship" an 1 drtcM-niine th'> careet- of the A uvricau people."' Otlier facts of nearlv equal importance ;we often omitted, and should lie fretited by the te.acher. To tliosc w!io desire more and hettm- informatioti oti history. I would sfiy, read carefully in the .appendix to Seavey's Goodrich's History the ;irti(de on "Hints on the iMethod of Tcachinij Historv" by .\. P. Stotie, of the Port- land. Mtiine, Ilieh School. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSI'ORY. UNITED STATES HISTORY. INTRODUCTION. Sfc. 1. Bet'ore !irteriiptiiitr t<> irnin .'i kiunvlfclec of nny Rnhjoor. we should consider c.-irofnlly. rlie roa.soii? iiiidcrlviii!^ its >tndy. Tin' f'nl lowing? nrc the IpadiiiLT reasons for tlie inrelliiTpnt stntory : 1. Gives pleasure, as it abounds in novelty, beauty, and r.r. ?i. Tliese hein>r rhe reaehei-'^j i>urnosr«a, fh" followiu'X ''Plan of Stud\-'' will be fiMiiid to be lofriivi'. natni-.il and efllcienr: 1. Tlound the snhjeet in rimi» and place. 2. View it :is a wliole. made up of narts; also, view tb(> parts as wholes, comi^ftsed of radated parts. 3. See how this snbjecf resembles and diftVrs from other related subjects. 4. Study to see what caused it. and what efTcct it pi-ndnced. .T. Seek to tin 1 the plan it embodies — the pnri^ose for which it exists. Skp. 4. .\b an illu-tririon of this plan take •'P>irri:''>vne's Inva-ion," ami treat it .as follnw s : I. Time — fitly 1 — Oetfther 1777. TT. Place — "NTortbern and Eastern "^ew York. TIT. Purpose — To sever New Ensrland from the Middle States, thus crip- pliiiiT the power of Washinijrton : and with th" aid of Gllnton and the Southern armv. to nlnmiitelv snri-ound and ("i)itnr-e him. IV. Plan — 1. Main .armv to move down the Iluilsnn upon Albanv. 2. .\ i~ide expedition under Gen. .St. I,ei' ,iiid Brant to rno\-e :i'jr;iinst Fort Scbuv- ler on the irpper Mohawk. 3. .\ side expedition to move to the East to irather provi.-ions and beat ofi'surprisiujT parties. 4. Clinton to send a force up the MAXUAT. OF rXITEl) 8TA IKS IIISTOin'. fliiilsoii to br(^-ik tlie bloekside, rlii-p;iteii tlu^ Aiiiericin aniiy, lunl c()-oi)er;irH with till' luitiii iiriny on itsdosceiit douii on All):iiiy. V. Events — S(^e fexr-liooks. VI. Effect!= — 1. A trffiit iniliraty vicrnry. •>. r)m'eli»!)iMl rlic <';ii):ibilities of the American soldier, 3. M:id<' tlic AineriiMus liold ;ind contident of suoces^s iind weakened the hopi- of Enj^land of evM- cnnquerino; America. 4. Led to an alliance uirli France. ."). \V;i< viitiiiliy the tnrninii; puinrof the war. (See Creasey's Decisive Battles.) Sec. 5. The History of the U. S. is tlie proi^ri'ss of tlic people of ttie U. S. in the conscionsness of frecdon) from to present. Tlie Hisr-oi'V ot the U. S., in ttie sulijective sen-;!', i- tii" investi^'ation and statement of liie proirress of the people of the U. S.. in atfaininsr the conscions- ness of freedom from the b'-jjinninir ro rlie present time, as manifested in their acts in a Xational eapaeity. in their arts, si-iences, inventions, ijovernim-nt and i-eli; thev did, their discovery in noway becefitred mankind. The same cloud of oliscnrity whicli had so lonir veiled America from view, now si^ttled down upon it deeper than befor(>: and r(Mnained as a slnidow npon it. until scatt red by the perseverinij; etVorts of Colnmhns. We study this p(>riod to aseerl.;nn its climatic; comlitions : and the ell'ect of these conditions on the ixrowtli of onr Xational life. This study calls .'ittenrion to the essential character Utlcs of a counti-y tUted to be the home of a great people ; MAXTAT. OK UXITFJ) SI'A'l'ES niSl'OIlT. 1. Sui-li a CDiiiitry must li.ivc a ni'uli'rali-ly warm, moist ami lii-althiul el siiatc '2. Mii-t ll^l^c be; a laijjf and mii I'strii-Ioii oiic. :'. ^l^\<\ ;)ns-t's- a ili\M'rihabiluiit.< of the United .States — 1. The Monndbnild'MS. 2. The Esquimaux. 3. The Ameri«'an Indians. 4. Ancient Mexii'ans or Aztec.«. 5. Ancient Peruvians. Those interested in the above topics are referred to "Hodgins Outline of U. S. History," pp. lU and 17, for a list of reference books. The Esquimaux — 1. Why so ('died ? 2. Mode of life. [r»]. Dwelling:^. [6]. Occupations. [c]. Food. [d]. Clothing. [e]. Domestic iuiimals, [/]. Fuel and ligiit. 3. Religion. 4. State of civilization . The American Indinns — S Physical. Mental. Moral. II. Mode of life. 1. Dwellings. 2. Occupations and implements. 3. Food and dress. 4. Amusements and educsition. III. Qovemment. 1. Leading tribes. 2. Chiefs. 3. Councils. 4. Treatise. IV. Religion. 1. Creed. 2. Forms of worsbip. 3. Forms of burial. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 4. Forms of marriage. V. Theories of their origin. 10 ma.n'Uai. of uxjted sta'ies history INDIANS OF THE UNITED STATES— FAMILIES AND TRIBES. SiX'. ii. il. Moiu'iwk.v. 4. C.iyiij:as. j 'I'iit' live or six Xatioiis. 1. Iniqiiois. J^2. Oiii'iil;i>:. 5. Senrcas. [- E istfi ii Ohio, XoiTlieni (3. Oiiondnov,. (J. TusLMiawas. ) and X. W. Pa. and N.Y. 1. Abeiiekis. 2. X. EiiiT. Ti ll)t> i i PeiiohsL-ot, •j III Me. - AndnjsL'oo;":!!). ( ( Xoirid^euoi'k. X. H. ( PawtiiekHt-, Mu8=. Mass. - Waiupaiioaii. ct R. 1. / Xai-rauatisetts. /]. Mdiiejraiisxj Pi-qiiodji & Mohi'i^-aus ■{ Manhattan. II. Aly,'()nquiiis;. .j -t. Le ii-Li'iia|ie — Delaware. 5. Pow hat rails — Viroini.-i. 6. Sliawiiees — K^'llr(l^•ky and Tennessee. 7. Illinois — In the Suutli part of Illinois. 8. Ki('ka|)()s — In cenrral past of Illinois. 9. Pot;! \var:nnie>i — Sonth of Like Micli'iivui. 10. CiiippHwas — South-west of l^ake .Supi-rior. 11. Meuomonies — Between Green Bayand Like Mich. 12. Saes and Foxes — Between 10 and 11. 18. Ort.-iwas — Xortl) parr of South Mieh., Penna. [14. .Mianias — South part of Sonth .Mieh.. Penna. III. Catawbas — In the Carolinas. fl. Yainasees — Lower Savannah in Caiolina. I 2. Seniinoles — Florida. IV. Mohilians.ovpry to blaze out, as a tierce flame over all the Old VVorhL Althouorli there were several settlements made, during this perloil, yet. this was not the leadinj^idea of the rimes. Hence, the name. We say that 1(307 mark.<5 the clo^e of this period, because at that time was made the first permanent English settlement in America; and tiie history of the U. S. is essentially the history of the Ensllsh people. Skc. 11. Historical conditions in the Old World, preparinjr for, and making possible the discovery of the Xew. 1. The Crusades. 2. Travels of Marco Polo, Mandeville and others. 3. Explor.ations under PriiK'e Henry and Ivinj;: John, of Portugal. 4. Improvement of the Mariner's Compass. .5. Invention of printing. 6. The Protestant Reformtition. 7. The political condition of Europe during the 15th centurj''. :\rAXi;Ar. ok r.vij'RD stai'es iiisroRY. ii LAWS OF NATiOMS. Skc. 12 'I'liH l:i\v of iiii'ions coiici^iniiii^eliiin-i ro Movvlv - tian-;, ih'-ir ri;>lits were to l»i' ti'-|iectt'd ; bnt if th(;y were not Cliristians, j. e., Roni.in C'atiiolics, (the (•iiri-:ti,iiiity of the times beino^ Roman Ciithoiocism), tiiey were tit siihjpcts ol plrinder .i ud i-on(|Mest, and tlie exelnsive prlvileire of |)li!iidei-iiii; n\]i\ cuuiiniM in'4- tlunn bclon^'ed to the di-eoverer. [See Hildretii's U. 8. Hi^torw V^ol. 1 ; .Scavcy's (ioodrieirs U. S. Hist. pp. 20.] .Sic. I.'i. Ciidt'i- tills law, by discnvery. cxph)ratioii and settlement, tlie lollowinji N'atioiis laid claiin-; to territory in America: Tlie S])anish. The French. The Enolish. 'I'he Dutch. Skc. H. The foll()win>j: table sIiows the i^ronnd for the foundation of the .SpMiiisli Cl.iini : 1. VovMire- of Colnmlnis. 1492-ir)02. [r(] Discover.^ San Salvador. 1492. [h] Explores the Wesr Indies :ind founds I.sabelhi — a town in Hayfi. 1493. [c] Discovers maini.ind ot'Smth Ametici at the month of the Orinoco river. 1498. [(?.] Explof's the co;ist of (,'entr.il America. 1.'j()2. 2. Ameriiro Ve Istlimns, discovers the Pacitic ocean, .and mimes it the South Se.a. l.")l.'i. G. Cordova fliscovi'is ami explores Yncatan and the B.ay of Campeachy. 1517. 7. (iiij.alvM explortis the Sontliern coast of Mexico. lo]8. 8. Hernati C'ortez conquers Mexico. 1519-21. 9. Vasqnez de .Aylloii visits Carolina for slaves. 1520. 10. Magellan .seekiii"- a South-west passage, sails around South America> names the P.acitic Oce.in, and starts on the first voy;iire around the world. 1520. 11. De Ayll'in .atteinp'« to cnniiner and settle Cliicoia, now South Carolina. 1525. 12. Sreplien Gomez explores the Eastern coastof the United States, seek- itij; a Xortliwest )>issaoe. 1525. 13. Ferdinand De Soto explores the coast of Yucatan, and Guatemala, seektiifj a passaire into the Pacitic. 1528. 14. Pampbilode Xarvaez aticmpts to conquer Florida. 1528. 15. Pizarro conquers Peru. 1531-2. 16. De Soto on a voyajre of conquest, explores the Southern Mississippi Valley (1539-42) discovers the Mississippi River. 1511. 17. Alarcon explores the Pacific coast to the present site of San Francis- co. 1541. V2 M.\svA\. or rsvvKi) sr.N'i'ES iiis'i'onY. li. C'o; 'iii.nU; -■x)il()rc< il (• foiiiM r>\ ly iiii: ;i!oiii;- tin- (Jiill' <.f (';ili['irni:i, III!' i>ilu riU'l C|>i>i'c Ri(» Graml»! V;:!l(-'y. IT;!!. lU. D:-C.!iiiiilo esplDi'es the P,n.'iiiir i.-ii;isr ruiln^ |ir('^i-uc limit of Xori licni Oif-on. 15-1-2. 20. Meieii l^'Z .le Avilez loini.i- St. AiiLriisiiiie, Fia. I.jG.'k "21. AiiiiMstiii I'liyz, :i FrMiiciso;!!! inoiilv, o.'plniL's Xortticni Mexii-o ;i.s r.ir as ! he U|)!il()ris tilt' Jitio (Jratidt' Vuliev, names its iippei' part. New >lexieo (Finds sjlvej;. 1581. '13. DeKspejo roiin(i> Santa F.'. 1.582. 2-1. Colonies sent to the silver mines ofXew Mexico, foiiml a town near bania l-'e. 15i)5. 25. Sin Die .• i r> ..i t^- ■, r\ ' \ Keceprinn. / By the King and Queen. (When. X. Further Voyages. •< Number. ( Work in each. IX. Ti-eatment of Coluinbus by the Rulers of Spain. THE SPANISH CLAIM. Sec. 1G. 1. The Spanish explored the Northern partof South America. The country around the Gulf of Mexico, the valleys of the Mississippi, Rio Giiinde and Gilo rivers. The Atlantic coast to Carolina, .and the Pacific coast to Ore- gon . 2. They conquered Mexico and Peru. 3. They settled at Isabella, Darien, St. Augustine, Santa Fe and San Diego. MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13 4. They explored and settled principiilly in the South and West, and claimed the country iiidetiiiitely Xoithwiird under the names of Florida, in the East, and Calitoi ni.i and New Mexico In the West. THE CENTER OF SPANISH COLONIZATION. Sec.17. Itshoiild benolk-cd tliattlx! land Colmiil^us first discovert'd lies midway North and South on tiie shores of the New World. Ilispanolia, (Santa Domin- go), Cuba, Porto Rico, and .Tamaiea were tlrst oeeupied, and from these as a center, Spanish adventurers pushed out in different directions. As thej' came from the East their explorations would naturall}^ be toward the North, West and South. From Flayti as a center, Vespucci jjoes to the South, Ojeda, Balboa, and I'i/arro, to th(! South-west, and DeAyllon to tiie North. From Cuba as a center — priniii»ally from llavanna — Cordova, (irijalva and Cortez go to the West. Kuyz and DeEspcjo to the North-west, and Narvoez DeSoto and Me- leiidfz to the North. RELATION OF TH£ WORK OF SPANISH EXPLORERS. Si'X". 18. N'l'spucii had often seen and talked u itii C'ohimbus, and came first to the New World, as a pilot for a former comrade, of Columbus, — Ojeiia. Balboa, shipwrecked on the coast, of Dai-ien. by natural foi-ce of character becomes a leader. Pizarro was a companion of Baltxia, in his expedition across Darien, and while there heard from an Indian cliief of tiie riches of Peru. Grijalvi was the pilot of Coilez. Gonu'z was a companion of Ma^-ellan in his voyage — seeking a South-west passage lo India. DeSoto was a companion of Pizarro in the compiest of Peru. SOME EFFECTS OF SPANISH CONQUESTS. Siicltt. By the ((inipnst of Mexico and I'eni, Spain iiad become verj' rich. Over these coiiipiered provinces >|ie held supreme control, and should allow no other nation lo come in. She had now become so powerful that she could maintain her claims by force of arms. The other nations of Europe thus pre- vented from sharing the great wealth of Mexico ami Peru, were much more anxious to discover a better Western roiUe to India. FRENCH CLAIM. .Skc. 20. — 1524. \'ei razzeni explores tiie Fasiern shme of the l^ S., from Wtl- minglon. N. C.. to Lahr.idoi- — and names the country New Fi'ance. l.");{4-5. Cartier discovers names, mid explores llie(iulfand River of .St. La w leiice. 1.M2. ('aiiier aiil Rih-rvil allemp; to found con vict colonic- in Canada and Nova St;oiia. lo()2. Coligiiy ^ends Kilian!l wiiii cilonisis toCarolini. ir)tJ4. Coiigny sends Lindiooni -r- wiih colonists to Florida. l.")l)5. CiJigny sends Kihault wiili more c(d)nisis lo Florida. 15158. De (ionrgues bd an exnediiion against St. Augustine. ir>!tS. I, a l.oclie setl les .Saoie Ui iiid wiMi a convict colony. l(;o;i Samuel ( 'liainpl.iin exidoies .Sini.heiii ( in ida and Xoi-tliern New Y(nk. ItJd."). I'ort Koval, Nov.a Sc.iia, founded ])v < Mi i:n(>laiii and De Mouts in llie new iii'oviiice of .\cadi i. OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS IN LATER FRENCH HISTORY. Mc. 21. — H)OS. (^'h.-implain founds Quebec. KJO'.l. ( 'li iiiipl lin disi-overs and ninvs Lake Ch.impl.iin. lull. .Montreal founded by Ciia:nplain. 14 MAXUAL OF UXITED STA TES HISTORY. 162(5. The Jesuits explore the Northern shore of Lake Ontsirio. 1634. The Jesuits explore L;ike Huron and found Missions on Georgian Bay. 1664. The Jesuits explore the South shore of Lake Superior, and first learn of the copper mines. 1668. St. Mary's mission in Michigan founded. 1672. The Jesuits visit Milwaukee, Chicago and St. Joseph. 1673. Joliet and Marquette sail down the Mississippi to the mouth of the Arkansas. 1682, La Salle sails down the Mississippi to the mouth, and names the country Louisiana. 1701. Detroit and Kaskaskia founded. 1702. Mohile founded by Iberville. 1702-19. Vincennep founded. 1716. Natchez founded by Crozat. 1719. Xew Orleans founded by Bienville. THE FRENCH CLAIM. Skc.22. — 1. 'J"he French explored the Atlantic coast from Wilmington, N. C, to Labrador, the Gulf and the River of St. Lawrence, the Great Lakes and the eastern part of the Mississippi Valley from the Falls of St. Anthony to the Gulf. 2. Thej' settled at Port Royal, Quebec, Montreal, Detroit, Kaskaskia, Vincennes, Xatchez, New Orleans and Mobile. 3. They explored, and settled jjrincipallv in the north and center, and claimed the country indetinitely southward and eastwards under the "lames of Acadia in the Xortli, Xew France in th(! East, and Louisiana in die South. GREAT FRENCH EXPLORERS AND COLONIZERS. Skc. 23. The livesof the following men should be i-arefully studieii, for prin- cipally upon theii work rests rhe claim of F'rance toitenitory in America: The name of Samckl Chamtlain is so closely cunnected with the early history of French exploration and settlement in Americ.i. that he has very jjioperly been called "The Father of Xew France." The heroic work of Fathkk Makquktte, the greatest of many of the French Jesuits in Ameiii-.i, cm never be forgotten; and his nobilit}' of char- actei', and grandeur of purpose, tiiark liiui as one of rhe noblest spirits of Canadian history. His talents were leniarkable and his character pure and holy. The interest in Ins work is destiiied to increase. He is only yet par- tially known in American hisioi-v, A knowledge of where, when, how and why the French Protestants (Hiigenots) t;:une to America will call for a careful study of the life and work ot that great Christian soilifr, statc>ni;in and martyr — Coi.KSXV. Tilt' work of the luiliriiiii' and eneig<'tic LaSai.lk was to leijalize for- France a idMJm to tlie irreat Mississippi N'.iilcy. and to open it up to the stream of colonization, rtins laying till' foundation for a great, and as he supposed, oiditn'iiij Fri'iicli cutpirc in AnHMien. The above sialeuicnts ar<' nor designed to be even ske(ches of the lives or work of these great men: t)nt siiiii.'le ^t.-itements desiLTued to show the impor- tance of a know ie.l:j;e of tlicii- uoik in relation to French historv in America. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 15 ENGLISH CLAIM. Skc. 24. — 1497. Jno. Cabot iliscovers the mainland of North American on the coast of Labrador. 1498. Sebastian Cabot explored eastern North America from Labrador to Chesapeake Bay, or Albemarle Sound. 1576, Frobisher explores eastern and northern North America seeking a northwest passage. 1579. Francis Drake explores the western coast of North America to San Francisco Bay, where he winters and calls tlie conntry New Albion. 15S;J. Sir Hiunplirey Gilbert, lost at sea while retnrning from Newfound- land. 1584. Raleigh sends Amidas and Barlow to explore the Eastern coast of North Amerii-a — the conntrj- called Via. 15S5. R ileigh sends Greenville, who attempts to colonize Roanoke Island. 1587. Raleigh sends John White, who tries to colonize Roanoke I>!and. 1602. Gosnold makes a middle Atlantic passage, discovers and names Cape Cod, explores the New England coast and attempts to settle at Eliza- abeth Island. 1603. Martin Pring explores New England coast from Maine to Martha's Vineyard. 1605. VVeyiuoLith explores the coast from Cape Cod to Penobscot Bay. ENGLISH CLAIM. Sec. 25. — 1. The English tirst discovered the continent of North America, and explored the eastern side from Albemarle Sound to Labrador and the Pacific coast to San Francisco. 2. They settled at Portsmouih and Dover, Plymouth, Wetherstield, Prov- idence, New York and Albany. Elizabethtown, Philadelphia, Wilmington, Chrisiiana, Jamestown, St. Marys, On the (jhovvan. Old Ciiarlestovvn, Savan- nah, and man_v other places. li. They claimed the counrry imlHtlnitely westward, under the name of North and South Virginia in the East, and New Albion in the West. The otdy o-»*'i'olonizers of the English were Gilbnit and Raleigh. Gil- bert entertained and tried to execute the tirst ti'iie plan tor successtiil coloni- zation. His work was c-ontinueil by Sir Walter RMleigh, who did so much to make eoionization upon a surer basis in the New World possible. He was one of those iMoad-niinded men whose iisterest in the settlement of America, was of so much higher kind than that which characterized the adventures of this period. His life exhibited remirkable scholarship, and the qualities of a true moral character, ami his name deserves to be written higli among the found- ers of ihe the new Natitui — Ameiica. THE DUCTH CLAIM. Skc. 26. — 1607-1611. Voyage of Henry Hudson. 1607. Hudson exphues Ea.-tern Norih Americ.i, seeking a north-west passage. 1609. Huiison explores Eistern North America. Chesapeake Bay to Long Island: entered New York and Newport harbors, and nscetuls Hud-on River to Albany. 1610 Hu.lson. while seeking a N. W. passage, discovers names, and ex- plore Hudson Strait and Bay. Hi MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 1614. Adrian Block explores the northern shore of Long Id. and discovers the Honsiitonic :ind Connecticut Eivers; explores Narragansett Buy, and east to Cape Cod. 1614. Capt. Cornelius May explores th'." south shore of Long- Id. Sd. and the Atlantic coast south to Delaware Bay. 1614. A settlement made ac the southern end of Manhattan Island — New Amsterdam. 1615. A trading house near Albany. 1623. A settlement made at Albiny called Ft. Orange. DUTCH CLAIM. 1. The Duteii explored and re-explnred Eastern United States from Del- awaie Bay to the Connecticut River. 2. Tl)ey settled at New Amsterdam, (New York) ; Fort Orange, (Al- bany); Brnekelen, (Brooklyn): Wallabont, Ft. Nassau and Bergen. o The3'^' claimed, under the name of *' Xevv Netherlands." the country between the Delaware and Connecticut Rivers. Although the Spanish, French and English at first recognized to a certain extent, each other claims the territory. These claims, in the course of time, interfered with CMch other. The French claim oveidapped the northern and western part of Virginia, the Spanish the northern and eastern part, while the English claim overlapped the Spanish in the West; and the feeble claim of th« Dutch struck into the middle of tlie English. The English would never for *^*ne moment allow tliis claim, and dispossessed the Dutch at their earliest op- portunity. These i-ival claims necessarily produced mucli confusion, ;ind tiierein were sown the seeds of the many inter-colonial wars, that so blot, and stain the his" lory of a later period. The following (quotation l)est tells tlie condiliou <-if the country about the close of ihiseai'ly period of Discovcrv and Explorations: KJl.'J. " [li^rt' lay the sh;ig>:y Continent from Florida to tlie Pole, ont- stitTched in saviige slunilier. On the banUs of the .lames River was a neSf; of u-oe-begon(! Englislinien, a band full of fur-traiiers at the mouthof the Hudson: (bands of haughty and indolent Sp:ini;irds .-ir St. Augustine, Santa Fe and San Diego); a tVw shivering Frenchmen among tlie snow-drifts of Acadia (at Port Royal), while amid still wilder desolation, Cbamplain upheld 'he biniiei- of France over the icy laKik of Quebec. 'i'li((-(' were tin; .advance guard of civili/aiion, the mt-ssengers of i)romise to adesert continent ; yei, not content with inevitable woes, they were rent by petty Jealousies and miscrabie ()uaiiels. W'hih-each lUt le fragment of natimi- alitics, just able to keep up its own wretched existence on a lew s(piaie miles begiiiili;-i'd to all the rest the sinal'fst share in a domain which all the nations of F,iro|u' cold I not siiltice to fill." — Parkinan. Thci;icat want of the latter part of the liftiientb century was a siiorier, safer and clii'ipcr route to Iiidii, the great Eastern mart of trade. (Tcnoa, Floieni-e ami V^ciii'-e long control!, 'd the Overland loute to India by gaining possession of its Ivistern terminus at the AV'esrern end of the Mediterrane.an Sea, and soon I lirou:ili ibis Iralli', i1h'\- l)ciMme the i-liief in tritiujc niiioU' of E'li-op". Spun and Poi'f U:; 1 1 , t o g ti n t li is ti'adc, attempt to discuvei' round Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn, were neither shorter nor safer than the old Overland route to the East Indies. Hence there was nothinjj (jiiii""'!- The English, French and Dutch, anxious to obtain a share of the rich trade of India, and seeing: the failures of the Spanish and Portugese, are un- willing to sail toward Asia, through waters claimed l\v the Spanish or the West because explored bv Columbus, Ball)oa and Magellan and by tlie Portu- gese on the East; because explored by Diaz, De Gama and tiieir comrades, nat- urally turn in their exploration-; ton ard the Arctic Ocean, and seek a North- nest Passage. The French tirst seek tliisroiirc under Verrazzani in 1524. The Span- ish, failing in the South-wcsr, s^Mld Gomez, a companion of Magellan, to the North-west in 1525. The French again try under Cartinj-, in 1534-5; and still much later in 1670; the great exidorer. La Salle, in his explorations, searclies louij and earnestly for an over-land route from Canada to China. The English under Frobisher in 1570, try this route, atrain in 1583 under Gilhort ip lHOr, under Huiison, and siill later under Captain Smith 1608-9; who explores the rivers (Mni)tyiiig into (Jhesapeaki- Bay, vainly endeavoring to find a passage to the Sou'h Sea — Pacific Ocean. Not content with this, they turned in an er.tiiely new direction, and ■^ent Hudson, in 1008, to tlnd a pas- sage north of Europe throuirh the Aitic Ocean. Being unsuccessful, they send Hudson to the Xovth-wesr a^ain in KSlt). Not content witii ciforls to lind a sliort route from Europe to Asia by water, the Spanish and iOuixIish trv to find a d issjiae from the Pacitic Noi-tb- cast into the Atlantic. The Spanish under Alarcon in 1541, and under Ca- brillic in 1542: and the English umler Drake, 1579. These several much j^onght p issa'j^es were not found till late in the nine- teenth C'^iitury. 'I'he safe, shoir, and spci^ly ronre lo India \v is not gained until the build- ing of the Central Pacific Railroad in 1809. which linked the two great steam- shij) lines from Europe to America, and fri>m San Francisco to China. From Europe to Ameiii-a in seven days. F^roni the Atlantic to Pacific in five days more : and across rlie Pacific to China ii! twenty more. The whole trip in thirty-two days : thus i» realized, rliongli -o louij in realization, the darling desire of the tlfteenlli <'ennny. .i short route to India. THE PERIOD OF SETTLEMENTS. 1607-89. lulroiluctidii : "At the (dose of rhe former uerio I, .ViumI'- i vv is neirly in the s ime con- dition a< when C>>Inmhus t"onnd ir. It was still an almost unbroken wilder- ness. The few settlmnent^ which had existed, we?-e of a commercial or tran- sient ujiture: and it had entereil the Europi' m mind that here was to be the seat of great states. But tiow ili;it giffintic commercial (Mi-operations had come into vogue, witli powers of colonization and goveiinnenr, the woik of settlement was ready to hegiu. T!ie State Builders were now ready to enter on tlieii' labors." — Taylor. 18 MAXUAT. OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. TOPIC OUTLSME FOR VIRGINIA. 1. GRANTS OF T.AND.— (1) 'I'i iiic— April 10^ IGOG. 2. By whom, Kiiiii' J.iiiio.s I., of En>r;inted in KKKi, recognize 1 the right of the KiiiL;- lo m.ike .ill l.aw-:, and aijpnint all olliccrs. •_'. The second tdi.artei', granted in KioO, cha•l^■ed tlu^ local conncil to a (lovernor; bnt the King still apiioints him. ('.]) The ihiid ( Inriec, ^'ranted in 1(^2. rdlowed the stock In lid ers. who had :i II 1 he time lo^t inoiie\- In >-iiper'^( de the So pi rif>r ( 'onii- cil, and Lake full cnntMd i.f the <()'oiiy. r 1 ) First Cohmial .\ssend)ly — (a) Time. 1610, 14. |il.iie. .I.nne-town. fc* liy whom called — Governor Yeardlev, a kiml and libeinl m.an. (il) I'nrpose : in let the culoidsts '■have a hand in e;ovcn)ing them.-elve.-." (e) Comiiosition, made up of the Governor, his local MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 19 coiincil Jind t\vent\-t\vo deputies, (Burgesses) chosen from the eleven districts fborougiis) of tlie colony, (f) Laws : Of the asseniblj- had to be latitied by the company in. Enol.unl. hut, in turn, the orders from London were not binding nnless ratified by the colonial assembly'. 0. A written conslitntion was granted in 1621, to define the rights of the colonists — the first ever given to America. G. Virginia niaile a Royal Province 1G24. The stockholders had been gradually granting to llic coioni.^ts the same rights for which they were strug- gling at tiiat time ill Kngliiid; atid t!ie King, fearing the growth of the liberty- loving -iiirit madi' the colony a r'dval province. VI. InDIaX liKI.ATIO.NS. 1. .Mai liage of Pocahontas, (a) Time, (b) Place, (c) To whom, (d) By whom, (e) (Mrcumstances. (f) Baptismal name, (g) Journey to Eng- laiiii. Time. Jteceplion. Deatii. Descendants. One and two. 2. Indian .Massacres of 1022 and 1644. (a) Wiiere. (1)) Ev.'iifs. (c) Loss, (d) Results. Vfll. Prosperity and growth of the colony. 1. Occupations. 2. Products. 'A. Export*. IX. .\CCliSSIONS TO THE COLONY. 1. Bond sei'vants. (a) Paid what? (b) Law. (c) Time. 2. Convicl-. ',a) N(o. (b) Tiim-. (c) Cause, (d) Result. ."{. Women, (a) Time. (Ii) Number, (c) Why. (d) Ettect. 4. Xegro slaves, (a) Time, (h) Place, (c) By whom, (d) Number. X. Period of Oppression, (1651, 1672, 1733.) 1. .\;ivigaiioM r^aws. — What. No. Purpose. Effect. 2. The action of the Royalist Assemldy. (a) Time, (b) Ofliee-holding. (c; Salaries, (d) Fining of t)nakei-s. 3. Origin of Parties, (a) What, (b) Composition. XL Bai-oii's R,-bellion. 1. 'fime. 2. Place. 3. Leader. 4. Cause. 5. Events. 6. Effects. I)atc<. XII. Impoitant Duties in flie History of Virginia : 1. Graiiliuii- of the liist cliarler 1606 2. .Sell leiiii'iit of .1 allien tow II 1607 :i. Sec.ind chiilei- — llie cliange ... 1609 4. (iiaiit of land extended — now 34° to 41° iioi-th latitude 1609 ii. Third liiarter — the change 1612 ;-eiiib!y 1619 7. ('illle ami I ion- first brought to Americ-a 1611 8. (iraiiriiig of a wriMcn Constitution 1621 9. Negro slavery introduced 1620 10. Vii'giiiia in-i-omes a Royal Province 1624 11. First Indian m iss.icre 1622 12. Second i iidiaii m.i--.i(re 1644 13. Cotton lir-i hrniiLilir to .\mciica 1621 14. .V:ivii:a'i"n Law I. A II ^nipln-: products must I)e shipped in Eng- lish or cnh.nial ve.-.-.id<. v Air^ii list I lie Dutch) 1651 15. N'a viii' it ion Law II Allsnf|diis products mnsr he sold to Eng- land 1660 16. N.avieMlion Law III. .Ml needed nroducis mnsr he bought in Fiiirland ■ 1663 17. .Xavigaiion Law IV. .Vll products exchanged lietween colonies must pay ilniies 1'j72 MANUAL OF UN"ITE1> STATES HISTORY. IS. Imndi-tMtioii ;i(;L Lnyiiiij exliorbitanr, duties on all molasses, rum, .•mil sii<>;;ir imported 1733 19. Bacon's Ilebelliitn. 1676 20. Ftiuu(lin New Hampshire 1629 0. Gorges gets .-i grant to M line 1639 7. Settlement of Exeier bv Wlieeiw right 1638 5. New l!:iinp>*' .Ma-saciiu-etts refuses tu cnntirni the claims of M.isoirs heirs to Mass.i.-liuserts 1681 TOPIC OUTLINE FOR CONNECTICUT. 1. Gi .ant of Teriitury. — What. 'I'o whoin. By whom. When. 'Tr.aiis- fi-r. Wbei e. 'To wluim. II 'The I'liree Colonies.— What. When. Wlieie. ill. Tlie ConueiTieiir towns. — Number. When. Wliei-.-. Leaders. L^n- ioii. Wli.'ii What. 'Their Constitution. Vokms. EltVct on the Dutch. IV. New Haven — When. Wiiere. L ' iders. Voters. Tiie law, Tlie Goveriiiiient. Fii-t Governor. Whom. When. Called what. V. Sa\ brook — Why ^oeilled? When. Where. Founder, charter and work. Sale' of. Winn. 'Vo whom. 23 MAXUAL OF UXTTED STATES ITISTOPvY. VI. Unions — 1. Of the Cuniieetictit tuwiis ill 1639 '2. '• " colony iviid Xew Hiimpsliire in. 1665 [ti] Parties ifl e.-a-li. [h] >l"anin. [r] Piirpo-c. VIII. Tlie Dutuii Seltleniunts— When. Where. Xame. Work. Why broken up? IX. Iiulian Kelations. 1. Tribes in tiie nei2;lihoi hood. 2. Cirefs. 3. Pcqiiail war. When. Where. C iiise. Events. Eflects. i. Condnct of tiie Mohcijans and Xaira- gan! banisheil troui Mas-achusett- .■ 1635 2. '• '• founds PrnvidenCe 1630 3. Anne Hutchiu>(in t)anislied from Massachusetts" 1637 4. '• •' ;ind Wiiji.-iiu Coiliiiugtnn found Port.-moui h . . . 1638 5. •' " '' '• •■ Xewpiur .1639 6. Rlmde Island :id()pts a Deniocraiic guNiMiiuu-nt 1647 7. Williams ol)tai us a charter of incorp'U-.itinu in 1644 8. " •■ a Royal eh lYler in 1663 9. Brown Universilv (Rhode Island college 'i fonnditl .it Providence. 1764 MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 23 TOPiC OUTLINE FOR NEW YORK. L The niitrli cxploi-atioiis. [See Dutoli claim.] II. hutch yraiit. When. To whom. By wliom. Territory. Name. III. Dutch scttiemciits. 1. New Amsterdam [Now York] in 1614 [a] VViiere. [b] Lcailcr. [c] Purchase of land. Amount and price. '2. Von Nassau [Delaware River] in 1623 3. Fort Oraiio-e [Albany] in 1023 4. Wahlehucht [\Vallal.out]1in 1626 "). Bruekelen [Brooklyn] in .. .-. 1626 IV". Dutch Governors.'— Tirle. Number. Time. Work. 1. Peter Minutes 162G'] See Knickerbocker 2. Walter Van Tiiiller 1033! History of 3. Willi;im ivcllf • 1038 j New York. 4. I'cier Stuy vcsant . 1647 J — Irving. [a] Treatment nt Imliaus. [b] Dealings with the English, [c] Conquest of New Sweden. When. \Vhy. V. Patrnon Estates — Wcie granted by the Dutch West India Company in 102'J, to any person who would within tour years plant a eolonj' of fifty persons in the grant. The estates wi^vi' to have a frontage of sixteen miles on any rivtu-, and in extend back indertuitely therefrom. Two of these estimates were granled on llie Hudson, and two on the Delaware. [See anti-rent diliiculties 1840] VI. Uiant to the Duke of York.— 1. Who. 2. When. 3. By whom. 4. Terriioiy. VII. Conquest by the English.— 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Circuin- .-l.ances. 4. Result. \'I1I, Knglisli Knh'. — Governors. Mode of Government. 2. Progress of the colony. 3. Their st iHiggles did what? IX. liiipoitJiit Dates. 1(JU7. lliOS.ind 100'.)— Voyages of Henry Hudson. 2. Voyage of ( '.aptain .May 1611 3. '• Adrian Block 1614 4. Setl lenient of Ne"' .Vmslerd.im 1614 ."). Settlements of Forts Orangi- and Nassau 1623 0. •• Brooklyn and Wallabout 1626 7. Grant of New Nei Inula ud- lo Ducli We-t India Compiny 1621 5. '• P,itro(ui est le^ tiy •• '• '■ '■ 1029 it. Peti r- Minutes ui.ide Directo.' 1626 10. W.ilter \'.in Tu iller made Din.H't(U' 1629 1 1 . Willjiim Keith made Dir.c|o|- 1638 12. Peter Siu\ves;int made Director 1647 13. Charles 1. lir.anis N%-w N.-therlands to the Duke of York 1664 14. Tlie Eni:;li>h c >uli Settlements. 1. Under whose authority and grant ? 2. Where and when. 3. Why i!0 so called ? III. Grant of New Jersey. — 1. To whoni. 1 and 2. By whom? Wliy so called? 4. Boundaries. 5. Previous grant to these proprietors. What. Wiien. 6. Settlement. When. \Vhere. Why so called? IV. The Concessions — 1. What. 2. By whom. 8. To whom. 4. When. 5. Governor. Who. AVhen. V^. Growth of the Colony — Reasons. 1. A liberal constitution. 2. Fer- tile soil. 3. E(pial)le climate. NI. Sale of We-Jt Jersey— 1. When. 2. To whom. 3. Why. 4. Subse- quent History. .0. Quaker settlements. Salem in 1675, and Burlington 1676. VII. Jers( y Dividend-1. When. 2. Why. 3. Boundary line. 4. Names of parts. 5. Proprietors of each. VIII. Sale of West Jersey — 1. When. 2. To whou). 3. Former Pur- chase. 4. Price. 5. By whom. IX. The Jersevs till the Revolution. 1. The QuMiicr rule. B irclay Governor 1682-90 2. Andros' aihninistration 1681-1688 3. Periodsof quarrels— Why. How settled 1692-1702 4. Union with New York — When. Wli\. 5. Hisiorv as a Royal Province. X. Important Dates. 1. (irant of New Jersey to Berkely and Carteret 1664 2. English Puritans founil Elizabethtown 1664 3. Connecticut people loiind Newark 1666 4. Berkeley sells West Jersey to English Quakers 1674 5. Division of Jersey into East and West Jersey 1676 6. The lieirs of Carteret sell I^ast Jersey to the English Quakers. . . .1682 7. All proprietors surrender their claim to tiie crown, and New Jersey made a part of New York 1702 8. New .lersey made a Royal Province 1738 n. Colle;;re of New Jersey founded 1746 TOPIC OUTLINE OF DELAWARE AND PENNSYLVANIA. I. Grant of New .Sweden — 1. When. 2. To wliom. 3. By whom. 4. rerritory. .5. N.auie. II. Svveili,-li S.'tr|piiuMit> — 1. At C'lirisiiana in 1638. Where. Leader. Founder. 2. Tinicnn Isl.-nid in the Del;iw:ire near Philadelphia in ,. .1641 III. Conquest by the Dutch. 1. WhfMi. 2. Leader. 3. R.'snlf. IV. Transferred to Pennsylvania — 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Name V. Grant of Pennsylvania to Penn — 1. WIumi. 2. Cir<-un>sl:inces. 3. Territory. 4. Furth(M- e in obtiiniuof a irrant. 6. History in England, and the .Jeiscvs, VI. Founilinjz' of the Oolony — 1. Trtvituient of the <'ailier colonists. 2. Indian policy. The ti'eacy. Effect. 3. Philadelphia lonnded. When. MANUAL OF I XITED STATES HISTORY. 25 Where. Growth. Why so cMlled? 4. The "jreat law. What. When. Where, and hy whom enacted? Provision. VII. F^irtlier History — 1. Penn's return to England. When. Direc- tions. 2. The visit i<> tlie colony. When. Reception. 3. Delaware secedes. When. Why. Rc>nlt. 4. Pennsylvania hnys out the heirs of Penn. (a) When, (b) Price. IX. I'onndirii!; ot Pennsylvania I'niversity. I. When. 2. Where. 3. By whom. 4. Other work of its founder in ihe cause of education. X. Important Dates. 1. Settlement of < 'liristiana hy Swedes 1638 2. Settlement nl 4"inicum Island hy Swedes 1641 3. The Dutch uno i-aijcd y fi. I'lMritory. 7. Previous claimants. II. Sk( tell of Oiillcihorpe- — 1. Who. 2. Purposi' in obtaining? a Grant ? 3. Woik in Enifiand. in. l''onndin;r of ihc < 'oloiiy — 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Emitir.ints — uuiniHT and <'linraricr. 1. Indian I'olii-' — What Ert'ect. 5. Early regnla- lions r\'. 1600— Aca. I(i3() — Connecticut gianted to Kai 1 of Warwick by the Council of Plym- suth. from Xanag lus^'tt Bay. 120 mile< v\c-i alonir the S(uind. and north to Massachusetts. I(i31 — Conneciicni i r in- teii-ci| to Lord Say and Seal, and Lord Brooke. 1632 — M:M\lanil granieil i..(;e(Ui:e Calvert by Chailes I. The land on both side- of ( 'liesape.ike Hay, Irom the Potomac River east to Delaware Bay, and Kiver. and the .Mlaclic Oci'an. and noith lo 40° north latitude. 1634 — Maryl.and conii lined to < 'ceil Calvert. 1628 — Massachuseits Bay giaiUcd to Jolin Kinlicoti and otiiers. from three miles sonih of .luy part of the Charles to tiirec mile- iH^-th of any part of the Merrimac liiver. 28 MANUAL OF UNITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 1G39 — Maine gnmted to Gorg-es by tlie Council of Plymontli, from the Salmon Falls River to rlie Kennebec. 16G3 — Carolina jjiantcd to seven noblemen by Charles I., from the Saint John River in Florida to 3(J'^, north latitude. 16G4— New York to the Duke of York by Charles I., from the Delaware to the Connecticut, and from the Saint Croix to the Kennebec. 1664 — New Jersey to Rerki^ley ami Carteret by the Duke of York, from the Delaware to the Hudson. 1681 — Pennsylvania si;iMnteil to William Penn by Charles 11., of Eno^land. The land west of Delaw;ire River, frinn the opean ocean below Cape Henlopen to 43° north latitude, .-ind westward 50. 1682 — Delaware i;ranted to William Penn l)y the Duke of York. [The three lower counties on the Dehiware.] 1732 — Georgia granted to twenty-one rrnstees for twenty-one years by George II., of England, from the Siivannah to the Altamaha River. 1749 — Ohio granted to the Ohio Company by George II.. of England. Made up of live linndred thousMud acres to he located on the north bunk of the Ohio, between the K;ma\v;i and Monongehela Rivers. The Ohio Com|)a,iiy was comp )scd of Governor DinwiJdie, George Wash- ington, Augustus Washington, ;ind 'i'liomas Lee. I— ENGLISH RULERS OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD. Eliz.ilieth — (15.58-]G()3) .Authorized the adventures of Frobislier, Davis, Dr.ikc, Gib(Mt, and Raleigli. Jaine- I — (l()03-lG2o) Gave ch irters to the r>oiidon and Plymouth Com- panies; mad(^ [iw< for Vii gini:i ; wr.>f(^ :i eo I'lr'-rbla-it again;i\vs. (ire;!! \\;ir with lloll.iiid. IVrseeulion of ("atlioiics in Maryland. .J.iuic's 1 — ('l(i8.")-1688) .\s Duke of 'S'drk. pi'opr'ietor of e;i*tern M.iryland, New York mul New Jcr>ey ; .-is King, sen Is Andros to gitvern ail tin' t'olouies east of 1 lie Dclaw.-ire. Willinm 111 — (U),s9-17()2) and Mary 1. r]G.S9-lG94) (•.■iII.mI 1)v th<- Wliig< to the I hronc, ghidly proclaimed hy.edlduies. (J;ive achnrur to Wilii;im nnd Mary ( 'ollegi'. ,\nnie — (17(*2-I714) Take-: m contra 't for -Mp|ilying the Sp.inish ^\'cst Indies Willi slaves. Sends Lord Cornhury to govern \e\v York. (ieoi-o'e I — (1714-1727) Elector of H.'i'iover in (ierniany. Georirell — (1727-17()0) (Jrants Geoigi.i to Oglethorpe in "Irnsr for tlie ])oor." Has a part in the war of .Vustiaan Sncci'-'^iou, kno\\ii in Ami'rica by bis ninnc. (ieoige III — (17(;0-1820) Of (icsuoiic temper, but loyally regarded by AmcricMus. fFclectic ili^lorv.l MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY H H H W CD h < ■x: ■ (B ft < 63 rj\rn Hi _ O aj ~ t^ - S '^ ^ .*" ^ . 5ci§ £ " be S I :o t: O £ : ^ o ; = 0) s y. x :=i3 '^-' I — X ~ CT; r^ n ;r. :'3 - .- : _ ■ Z r o _ r"— '■^-'~~r''^:.,rt'^'i^ — ' — I ~ c - — >^ — x > :^ u w ^ji C — x f; r2 '.2 l-x Ir ?§ ^ :>^j^;:? :3 — — ^ >^ X — ~ 2y iiz iz i^ y. 30 MANUAT> OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. COLONIAL PROGRESS. 1. R;ite of settlement. II. Great object in colonization. III. Obstiieles in the way ol' eoloniz'ition. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. IV. Population of tlie colonie> in 1889. [a] New En<>-lan(l. [b] Middle. [c] Sonth. [c] Nationalities. Leadiiiii' one. V. Occupation* — 1. Farminj?. [a] Method, [b] Products, [c] Frnits. [d] Labor in the Xortli. In the Sonth. Growth of labor. 2. Manufacturing — [n] Where. [b] Products, [c] Why so slow. [d1 Nature. 3. Commerce — fa] Coasting trade. What, [b] Fishing. Where, [c] Exports, [d] Imi)orts. 4. Ship building. Where. Number. VI. Money — 1. At first. Corn, tobacco, furs, bullets, wampun. 2. Later. English and foreign coins. Massaijlinsetts mint. Where. Pay. Pine-tree shilling;. First paper money. When. 3. Federal money. When. Kinds. VI. Means of Travel. • 1. On foor, and on horseback. "i. Coasting sloops. 3. Wagons .-iiid ooaches. 4. The ro.uls of the time. VIII. Manners, customs and morals. 1. Mode, and .•irrieles nf dress. 2. Titles. "WlMt. Effect. 3. Ami'senienrs and pleasures. 4. Home lile of I be colonists. [;i] Houses, [b] Furniture, [e] The kitchen. J^d] Food, [e] Drink, [f] A standard dinner. 5. Morality. Its standard. IX. AfiMcan slavery. 1. Introduction. When. Where. By whom. 2. Slave trade in Europe. 3. 'J'lie staple products in the South. 4. Slavery in the North and South. X. The treatment of the Indian. 1. By Columbus. 2. By DeAyllon. 3. By C;irtier. 4. In the VVest Indies. Hayii. .5. I'lie spread of the news of their wrongs. Effect. 0. By Penn, Oglethoi|)e, and the Fi-ench Jesuits. 7. The Pniitans and the iMlians. 8. The ri'al causes of Indian afi'oeity. I). TliH Indian Apostle, [a] Who. [b] Where, [c] When, [d] Lile work. [e] Effect, ff] cliaractcM-. 10. The French .(esuits. Who. W^)rk. XI. Characler of Ifie Puritans. 1. (,'onducr in every day life. 2. Dress. 2. Amendments, 4. Authority of the magistrate and miinsters. ."). (Church matfers. [a] Summons, [e] Conduct in cliurch. [d] Music. Variety. [e| Sei inons and Prayers. [I] .Absence from chin-ch. [See George W. Cnrlis — "The Pni'itans" — A lecture. XI [. Guvernnient. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 31 1. Letidins fejiture. 2. Forms. [:i] charter. What. Illustrations, [b] Proprietary. What. Illustrations, [o] lloyal. What. Illustrations. 3. The Colonial Union of 1643— [aj Parties. [61 Purpose, [c] Effect. [d] Time. 4. The (."olonial Assemblies — [a] Co. ti position, [b] Head, [c] Powers. 5. The Laws of Xew England — [a] As to war. [b] As to immorality. [e] Church and State, [d] Voters. G. The Blue Laws of Coniieetieut — [a] Why so called? [b] Tiie law of Moses. [c] Immorality, [d] Disobedience. [e] Pj'ofanation of Sabbath> etc. [f] Voters, [g] Supi)ort of reiit> l)y Chiircliuien. 4. Till' (ireat Awakening. 1. I. \\\rA[. 2. When. 3. Where. 4. Leaders. 5. Effect. PERIOD OF INTER-COLONIAL WARS; OR, QFAUUELS UVEH eL.4/-]AS— 1689-17G3. (HODGIX S OITI.I.M-: OI' rNITKD STATES HISTORY.) 1. King William's war IG89-1697 2. Queen .Vnne's war 17H2-1713 3. The Spanish wir 1739-1744 4. King (ieorge's w ar 1744-1748 5. French and Indian war 1754-1763 .T2 MANUAL OF UNITED 8TATE8 HISTORY. KISg WILLIAM'S WAR. 1. Cai'ses — 1. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and persecution of tiie Ilnjiuenots l)_v Ix)nis XIV., of France, wiiicli caused an alliance of England with other Protestant nations aofainst Louis. 2. James II., of Eno'land adhered to the divine of Kings and the Catholic religion. The English people helieved in their right to a voice in the govern- ment, and in the Protestant relisrion. The English Revolution of 1688, drove James from the throne. His cause was espoused hy Louis, of France. 3. Contliering cLiims to tenitoi-y in Amierioa. The French claimed from the Saint Lawrence, and Great Lakes indefinitety southward; antl the English claimed from the Atlantic^ Ocean indefinitely hy westward. II. Alliances — [a] Tiie Indians of Maryland and Canada "irh French, [b] The five Xations of New Yori^ with Eiiirlii-li. III. Events — Frencii Inroads — [a] On Dover, New Hami>shire, July, lUSy. [b] On Scenectady, New York, 1690; Barbarians, [cj On Salmon Falls, and Casco, Maryland, [d] By Indians on Haverhill, Massachusetts. [2] English expeditions, [a] Phipps, of Massachusetts, against Port Royal, 1600. Suc- cess, [b] Connecticut and New York ;.-gainst Canada, Quebec, Montreal, 1790. III. Result* — 1. Persecution of Protestants allayed. 2. William and Mary, sovereigns chosen by the English Parliament, were confirmed on the thi'one, and the principle on which they were chosen, acknowledged by France. 3. Territorial boundaries in America unchanged. 4. Unity of sentiment among Euiilish colonies protriMted. Y. (,'oiHdiiding treaty — When. \Vhere. QUEKN ANNE'S WAR— SPANISH SUCCESSION. I. Causes — 1. Louis XIV., tried to |)lace upon the throne of Eiig^land, dames Frances Edward, son of James II ; while Parliament had chosen .Anne. C^iie(Mi. [2] Louis plac<>!l his I'elative, Philip, of Anjon, on the throne of Spain in \iolalion (if a treaiy to which Kngland was a paity for the preservation o?" I lie b.-ilanee of power in Eurn]ii'. .'J. ( 'onlliciing chiiuis to ter-riiory. II. iMcnts — 1. [ii l'jiio|)e. ( .luipaign of Prince Eugene and .Marlborouirh. '-■■ In the Sniith. [-.i] Kiigli>h atlacks. Bv Sr)utli Carolina upon Saint Augustine, 17t):{. I'.y Si>iiih C iiMlina upon the Indian allies of Spaiu. 1 TO.'!'. [b] 'i'he French and Sp.-inisii attack on < ■liarleslun, 1701'.. [c] Accessory Lnliai* war.- : with 'i'nscaroia< hy South ( ti inlina and N'ortli Cainlina in 1711: wiih the "S'amasee con fcihM-atiMM . I7HI. 3. In the N'lirth. Tiie I''n'!ii]). [;ij (uMicral character of I'lenrh warfare. [t>') ICxposed c()l()i,ics. [(•] .ATicksoii Deertield. and Haverhill, .M assaehiisetf«. The Knglisl!— [;i] V\r^\ atieiniit lo regain Purl l^lyal, 1707. [h| .Second attempt to fcgaio Port Royal, 1710. [c| Attempt wiih England to .-apnire ( 'anada, 1711. in. Re-iilts — [1| Philip eontirmed on the throne of Spain. [2] .Anne confirmed on th- ilwone of 1<:ngl;ind. [3] lOngla lel gels jiossession of Ilndsfm Bay Teriihiiy. .Vi'wf.nni.ll.aiid, Xova Scntia, l-land of S.-iint ( 'li ii>toplier. (rd)rajter .md Island of Minnvea. [4] Kuiiland ..t>taineii; Crom Spain the "Assiento."a contrai-r to fnrnish the Sjianisli colonies in .America 4.8(!() in'irro slaves each y ■:'',■ lo,- iliin y yeai>: and lo carry w itii them live hundred tons of "otiiei-" goods (■.•ii-ii ycrir. [a] Colonial niiiiN still fu rt liei- proi noted. I \' . ( 'onelM(lin>'- treaty. When. Where. ■ .-^ . MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 33 SPANISH WAR. I. Cause — England's violation of tlie commercial clause of the Assiento. II. Events — 1. Oglethorpe leads an expedition against Florida, 1740. 2. Spaniaids invade Georgia, 1742. III. Results — Unimportant. (No tre.ity.) KING GEORGE'S WAR— AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION. 1. Causes — 1. England and France took opposite sides in the war of Austrian Succession. "2. Louis XV., of France tried to place on the English throne Charles Edwaid, grandson of James II. 3. Coiitlicting claims to territory'. II. AHi:iiices — [a] Indians of Canada ami Maryland with France, [b] Six nations — Neutral, [c] In Europe, England, and Austria, France, Prussia, and Spain. III. Events — P'rench and Indian invasions — [a] Upon Casco, 1744. Upon Williamstown, Massachusetts, [c] Upon Saratoga. New York. Try to recap- ture Lonisliurg in 1740. A. Tilt- colonial troops take Louisbnrg in 1745. III. Ertccts — 1. Maria Theresa confirmed on the Austrian throne. 2. Charles FMuard's claims to the English throne abandoned. 3. Terri- tori.il tioiindaries unsettled. 4. Colonies learned to take caic of themselves, and their common dan- gers and c] LeBoufte. [<•] Venango, [d] Necessity, [e] Cnmheil.-ind. 2. Ill New Yoi-k— [a] Oswego, [ii] William Heiiiy. [c] Edward. 3. Canada — Fort Frontense. 34 MANUAlv OF UXLTED STATES HISTORY. V. 1733 — I. Tlie Fi-oir-Ii hiiild Forts Presque Isle, LeBoiift'e, and Ve- nan^To ill iioith-w'sterii Peiiii-. 2 Purp')-e. 3. When. 4. Wlieie. 5. The cuiifederaey. G. Cliaraeter of t lie h'lders. 7. Kveius. S. Resulis. [See Lossingaod Xewmao.l ACrS OK OPPRKSSIOX BKKOKi: I'llK l".\ KLl A .M K.\ IW R V srRi:(;GLE The seeMs (if the Hevolutido were -own f.ir batk in tin' (■(iloni.a! history. Th'' ex;ieri(>n< 111' ihi' royal go\ ernnis, and the (di>;inaey ot iminy of the Eng- lish i iiler- ill til.' ^ovrniing ot' tlie di'seeud.-ints of peojde, w ho had come hen- to erca[i<' some ;'oriii of pi'i ^ciuiion in I'^uroi)e reacted in such a way as to MANUAL OF rNTTED STATES HISTORY. 35 make tlie people suspicious of aibitraiy power. The free iiistitntions, and the abseiioe of class-legislation among ilie people soon fleveloped a capacitj^ as well as a desire for selt'-government. The oppressive, and unwise commer- cial policy of England also did much to aiiiMiate the colonies from the mother country as the following will show: 1. Xavigation laws -1651, 1660, 1063, 1672. [See Xewmaii, page 181 ; page 1S6; page 192; page 200. j 2. Royal Custom-House established in the colonies to collect duties be- tween colonies 1672 3. Board of trade (composed of seven members called Laws of Trade to reside in England) to have general oversight and tiontrol of the colonial trade. .1696 4. Courts of admiralty (made up of revenue officers) to try all revenue cases without a jury 1697 4. Timber controversy (c:iused by the confiscation of timber selected by tbr surveyors for the govcrnnicnr's use) in Xew England 1722 T). The colonists lorhiddcn to sell tindier to Sj)ain or Portugal 1722 6. The Board of Trade orilered to rei)ort in res|)ect to trade and manu- factures carried on in the colonies, "detrimental to the trade, navigations, and manufai'tures of Great Britain." They mentioned in their report the paper mill of Ma>sachusetts and the general manufacture of shoes 1731 7. Hat act, forbidding the exportation of hats, and limiting the appren- tices to a hat-makei' to not more than two 1732 5. Molasses act, laying excessive duties on all molasses, sugar, and rutn imp(M'led into tiie eolonies Ironi th<' \Ve.-emblies 176'J 1. Bv whom. 2. Cause. Censure of act X. 3. Effect. MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES niSTOEY. 37 XII. Popular Iiisiinectioii in Noitli Carolina 1769 (a) Where, (b) Cause, (e) Etiect. XIII. Lord North's tea trieks 1770-4 (a) Wlio. (b) Purpose, u') Methoil. (il) Ellect. (e) Reueptioi) of tea in America. XIV^. ArtVay between citizens and soldiers in New York city. Cause. Events. EftVcts 1770 [See Seribner — New York in the Revolution.] XV. Boston Massacre, (a) Wiien 1770 (b) Cause, (c) Circumstances, (d) Effects, (e) Trial of soldiers. When Advocates. Kesuit. XVI. Krgulator war. (a)Where. (b) Cause, (c) Events, (d) Effects 1771 [See Lossing's Field Book of Revolution, vol. I.] XVII. Declarations of Parliament 1772 4. The Governor and Jii Ig'es of Massachusetts should be paid a sahay named by the Ivinjr, without consent of the assembly. 2. All persons committiiii; crimes ajjainst tiie King's officers to be sent to England foi- trial. XVIII. Burinngof the revenue schooner, Gaspee 1772 (:!) Where, (b) By whom, (c) Leader, (d) Etiect. XIX. Lord North sends tea to America 1773 1. Purpose. 2. Reception in Charleston and New York. XX. Boston tea ptrly. (M) When, (b) Wh.-n-. (c) Events, (d) Effects 1773 XXI. Commitiees of inciuir}' and Correspondence 1773 (■i) Pnrpo--e. (b) Work, (c) Results. XXII. Ri'ialiatory measures of Parliament 1771 1. B')st()ii port hill. >_>. What. 3. Effect. 1. Cause. 2. Annulling of the charti-r of Massachusetts 1774 (a) Caii-es. (b) Elfects. ;{. All persons commiriiug murder in defense of the crown to be sent to Kniilind or some other (roloiiy for trial 1774 XXIII. Meeting of First ( 'oMiinental Congress 1774 (a) Wh.'ii. (b) Where. Tc) Purpose, (d) Work, (e) Representation. (f) results. [SeeSeivey. page 1 lOJ (;rp;it names. XXIV. Governor I)umm()re dj-solves ihe Virginia Assembly 1774 (a) Cause — They voted the Bo-;t(ni porr liiK, an "act of tyranny and on- pr-es-ion." (b) Effect, (c) Work of P.atrick Henry. \XV. General (iaire made militarv Governor of M issai'liusetts 1774 1. P(u-pose. 2. Order. To i ciliice the cnlonists by force. 3. Work. Oc- cupies Boston, seizes provincial aisenai*, and fortifies the hills about Boston. XXVI. DeclaiMiinn ut i*arliaineiit ..1774 1. Mas-achu-etts in a ^tate (if rebellion. ■J. I'he oilier colonies Miilinii' hei' in rebellion. li. 'fen tlioiisMid Hoops ordered to .\merica. XXVII. Meering of the Massachusetts Assembly 1774 (a) Where. ,\t) Kei)resentation. (i-) Work. Vote. £20,000 for ecpMp- l>ing minute men. Who. Why so called? XXVIII. (Jolonial preparation for war. 1. Massachusetts orsr mizes "Minute Men." 38 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 2. Viigiiiia oi-rvanizes her militia uiulei Washington, and Patrick Henry says, '•[ repeat it, we must figiit." 3. All tiie colonies ready for war. XXIX. Declarations of Parliament 1775 1. No conciliation with the rebels of America. 2. Forbids fishino; on the banks of Newfonndland. 3. Restricts colonial commerce. XXX. Colonial parties. 1. Royalists. Tories, (a) Who. (b) Why so called? (c) Relief, (d) Later historj'. 2. Whigs, [Rebels] (a) Wiio. (b) Why so called? 3. Tlie resolution of King George. Etrecr. In these twelve years in which a great orator said, "we have petitioned," "we have remonstrated," "we have prostrated ourselves at the foot of the throne," were developed the following. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. I. The British governmenf claimed the righ.t to regulate and control the entire trade and commerce of the colonies. (•') Ground, (b) Enforcement. Navigation laws, etc. II. The British government claimed the right to appoint governors, who should hold office during the King's good pleasure. It was also claimed that the governors eiioidd be made independent of the colonies by a permanent salary, to be paid I)y them. Hi. The British Government claimed that all colonial judges should be appointed by the King, and hold ottice durina: his good pleasure. IV. Tlie British claimed the right of direct or internal taxation. (See ITodgin's Outline of United States History, p'-ge 25-29.} Colonial motto — no taxation without representation. ACTUAL WAR-1775-1783. INTRODUCTIOX— METHOD OF STUDY \. Study tiic cini]>aigns of each year, getting the plan, parts, events, and effects. 2. licain the uinl'-r quarters of (vu'h army, each winr(>r, for from these as eenrers, the next yi'ar's work is done. 3. Study the political events of the "'ar. and their bearing on the mili- tary events. 4. Study the tinancial history of the war, and its eflect on the subsequent history of finance. j775- 1. Bitie of Concord and Lexin^rtou. MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTOKY. 39 I. Cuuse. 2. WIhmi. 3. Wlu'ic. 4. Events. 5. Efteots. (a) On the colonists. On England. (See Paul Ileveve's IJide — Lon,<>;fello\v.) II. The Mecklfenbuii; Declaration of Indepentleiice. 1. Cause. 2. By uiioni. 3. When. 4. NVhere. 5. Effect. (See Lossing's Field Book of Ilevohition.) III. Battle of Buidier Hill. 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Cause. 4. Leaders. 5. Events. 6. Effects. IV. Second Continental Congress. 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Repiesentation. 4. Work. Resolutions. Bills. 5. Preparation for war. V. Work of W:ishiiigton. 1. Forces. 2. Condition of armj-. 3. Ilis subordinate officers. Who. Ability. 4. Dilliculties in regard to the soldiery. Effect. VI. Invasion of Canada. 1. When. 2. Leaders. 3. Piui:ose. 4. Plan. 5. Events. 6. Results. VL I'he postal system. L Whin adopted ? 2. Pos;tmaster General. 3. Powers. 4. Duties, c. Town. When. Where. Time. Purpose. Events. Effects. V'lll. The answer of King George. 1. How ofien petitioned — \Vhen. By whom. Effect. 2. Loyalty of the colonies — 3. Nature of the answer. 4. Demand. Effect. iX. [See below.] I. The Revolutionary Government. 1. Head. 2. Nature. 3. Powers. How devised. Effect. IX. Winter (inarters. I. British uiMJer Gage in Boston — \Vhy. 2. American* under Washing- ton aiound B<)st(n). Why. II. The Declaration of Independence. I. Gro^vth of the idea of Independenee — (n) Speed, (b) Cause. 2. Reso- lutions in Congress, (a) When, (b) Mover, (c) Nature. 1, 2 and 3. 3. De- hate of these resolutions. Effect. 4. The appointment of a committee, (a) Pur(iose. (b) Number, (c) Names, (d) Chairman, (e) Author, (f) Work of John Adams. .">. Reception ot the Declaration, (n) By the colonial assem- blies, (b) By the soldiers, (c) By the people, (d) By friends of freedom in Europe, (e) By the King, and Parliament. III. 1 he Bi itish soldiery. 1. The regular English soldiers — How secured. Work. 2. The (iiMnians. (Hessians) How secured. 3. The Indian allies, (six nations) How secured. IV. The >-iege of Roston. 1. WlifM. 2. For(>es. 3. I.eaih-rs. 4. Puri)ose. 5. Effect. V. The atiaek on Charleston. 1. When. 2. Leaders. 3. Where. 4. Events. 5. Effects. VI. The op'Mations in New York and New Jersey. 1. Liadii>. 2. Battles. J. Forces. 4. Events. 5. Mode of warfare. Effect. ^'ll. K'esolis ol t iie campaigns. 1. As lo indi'pendence. 2. As to losses in life. 3. As to the condition of the army. 4. As to quarrels about rank. As to congressional effect. 0. As to treatment of prisoners. Where. Effect. Remedy. \'1IL Winter tiuariers. 40 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 1. Aineiicjiiis at jMorristowii, New Jersey. Wjiy. 2. Britisli iiiuler Clinton rit New York and Howe, at New Brunswick. Why. 1777—1. The Powers of Washington. 1. Why increased? 2. Effect. 3. \V^ork durin<>; 1770-7. Winter. Ef- tect. 4. Remarks of British otlicers. Of Frederick tiie Great. Who. 5. Mili- tary policy. Nature. Wiiy. Effect. I. Burgoyne's invasions. 1. Place. 2. I'inie. 3. Purpose. 4. Leaders. 5. Plan. 6. Parts. 7. Events. 8. Residts. (See Creascv's decisive i>atcles.) III. riie Pliihulelphia campaign. 1. \Vlien. 2. Leaders. 3. Purpose. 4. Battles. 5. Events, (i. Effects. IV. Winter quarters. 1. An)ericans undur Washington. Valley Forge. Why. 2. British under Clinton at New York, and Howe at Philadelphia. Why. V. Effects of these campaigns. 1. On the mass of the people, 2. On tlie Tories. Treatment. 3. On Europe -Par;icularly Fiance and Spain. Why. 4. On the liberal party of England — How shown? 5. Offers of pardon by Howe — (a) Purpose, (b) Effect, (c) Action of Washington. EfTect. VI. Arrival ol Lafayette. 1. Wlio. 2. Real name. 3. Purpose. 4. Age. 5. Action of King of Fiance, and ol' ihe Biitish Minister. Effect. (5. Rank. 7. Services. 8. Re- lation to Washington. 9. Ltiter history in l^'ranee, and in the United States. VII. The winter, at Vailey Forge. 1. Condition of the army as regards food, clothing, shelter, and muni- tions of war. 2. Work of Congress. 3. Action of Wa>-hington. 4. The Conwiiy cabal — (a) What, (b) Leatler. (c) Purpose, ^;d; Etiect on army people, anij the members of the eab.il. VIII. Adopt inn ol articles of con ted era tin n. 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Powers of ("ongress. 4. The need of such a Union. ">. Ritilic-ation l)y States. Rule. Why so slow? When. (See in- terresjnnm.; IX. Adoption of the llair. 1. By whom. 2. Name. 3 Plan. 4. First used. When. Where. By whom. T). Later history. ('Ii;ingc. Why. I77S — 1. Alliance with I>'raiice. I. ALient of Ihe Uidte(l Slates, (^haracti'r. .'Vhility. 2. Why not snccess- Inl at 1ir>^t y 3. Cause of sm-oess. 4. Xainre of the rieaiy. •"). Effects, (a) On England, (b) ( )n ot her nations, (c) On the United Slates, (dt On Ihe eomin 1778 4. England— Charles Lee 1778 a. Ircdaml — Conway 1777 U. Freiirli— De (Wrasse, 1781. De Fstaing 1777 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES FIISTORY. 41 7. lioehambefiii 1781 III. Removal of Howe. 1. Position. 2. Ciiuse. 3. Successor. IV. liiittle of .Moiiiiioutli. 1. WliPii. •_». Wlicie. ;j. Leiiders. 4. Kefreat of Uee. Effect. 4. Ef- fect of the battle. V. Tlie iiiassacic of Wvomiiiii". I. Wild.'. -2. When. ;J. Leader. 4. liidiaiis. 5. Work. (i. Effect. VL Freiicii aid. 1. I'l-oinised ;it Newport. Rliode lihiiid. Eirt'ct. 2. The French fleet. Where. When. Leader. VIII. Residts ff ihe year. 1. As lo the Hriiisii. Position. 2. As to ihe American position. VI 11. Winter (jnarters. 1. Americans iindei- . Miildlehrook, New Jer(Je3'. Why. 2. Hritisji under ('liiiion . at New York, and under Prevost at Savannah, Georjjia. 1779 — I. Tlu^ Southern campaijiii. I. Center. 2. Leaders. 3. Parts, 1, 2. ."i and 4. 4. Events. 5. Effects. II. Th(> Northern canipaiirn. I. Nature. 2. Policy of eai-di party . 3. Work. 4. Effect. HI. Naval operations. 1. The navv in 1775 — (a) By whom authorized? (b) Size. 2. Work in 1771). 3. First Adnural. Suceessor. (a) Who. (\>) Nationality, (c) Work, (il) Greatest naval ti^jjhr. U'hat. Where. Result. 1\'. The Contin.'Utal money. 1. Amount. 2. Value. 3. (,'anse of depreciation — (a) The cause of in.lepeudence doubtful, (b) French allianei' of little benefit, (c) The Eniilish counterfeitinii' continenal money. Inconsistency. 4. Expedient'* for raisinoinoney. V. Resuhs ot the year. 1. Ujion the ,\mericans. 2. Action of Parliament. 3. Internal dissen- sions. 4. Sayinii of Washington. 1780—1. Sie^-e of ( harli'ston. I. Leaders. 2. Lveuts. 3. Effects. II. Battle 01' Camden. I. When. 2. Where. 3. Le.aders. 4. Events. 5. Effects. III. P.artisan warfare. I. What. 2. Where. H. Leaders. 4. VV..ik. IV. Ai'iiold's irea>^on, .and Andi'e liiiuii'. 1. The story of A mold's life. (Miaractei-. Work. freason. Result. 2. I'he story of .\ndre's mission. (Japtnre. Trial, and execution. V. Winter (luarters. 1. .Vniei'ic.ins undei- , at N'orristown. New .Jersey. Why. 2. Hriti>h under Clinton, at New York, and Coin wal lis in South Caro- lina. 1781 — I. MeeliuiT of the < 'oiitinental soldiers. I. When. 2. Where. 3. Why. 4. Action ot (General I.afayeire. Effect. 5. •• '■ Wayne. Kll'ect. G. " •■ ( 'onriijos. 1. When. 2. Where, li. Events. 4. Leaders, a. Effects. V. LNLiniading exjjeiliiions. 1. In New England — Under Arnold. Work. 2. In Virginia — Under Arnold. •i. " '■ <.'orn\vallis. VI. Siege of Yorktown— (a) Preparation for the siege. 2. French aiil. 3. When. 4. Whei-e. 5. Events. 6. Effects, (a) On the army, (b) On tiie people, (c) On Congress, (d) On Parliament and King, (e) On the Liberty party. Vill. Winter quarters— (1780-1 7S3.) 1. Amei-icans under Wayne near New York. Why. 2. British under Clinton, at New York, and Coiiiwallis at Wilmington, North Carolina. ;{. Americans ni-ar the !lnd-on, at Newl)erij, umler Washington. 4. British under T'linton, at New ^'ork, and Leslie at Savannah. 5. Americans under W .ishinijton. at Newl)erg, New York, and General Wayne, at Savannah, Georgia. 0. British nnder Clinton and Cailelon, at New York, and Leslie, aC Ciiarieston, Sonth Carolina. (GENERAL TOPICS. 1. The. tini\ of the war. 1. Ai^ion of the Whig i)arty in England. 2. Change of military leaders — (a) Who. (b) Instructions. 3. Action Of Parliament — The city of London. Spain and Holland ami the King. II. The treaty of Paris. 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Commissioners. 4. Provisions, (a) As to in- dependence, (b) As to the boundaries of the United Stales, [c] As to fish- ing on Newfoundland, [il] .\s to Florida. III. D >banding the army — 1. Wiien. 2. Where. 3. Why opijosedv 4. The desire! to make Washington a King. 5. The work of Washington. l\'. Cost ;ed to T^nj-d Howe, and ridieuled his Proclamation, ete. The tln'nl number wa-^ pid)lished at Philadelphia, in .\pril, 1777. This was devoted ro an I'xandnation of the events, sin^'i.- the Deehiration of Hide- pemhiiiee, and a reiteiatioii of I he arn'umen t-; in favor of that meHsure. In Se|)tend)er, ininiediatel v al'ter ijie battle of Brandy wine, tiie fnurth crisis was published. If was a cheering trninpel-l)la':;t to tlie ininy. In Mareli, 1778, the _/j/VA crisis was piibli-;h<'ii at Ijancaster, Pennsylvania. It consisted of a letter to Sir William Howe, and an address to the iidiabitants of America. The >/.<-^A crisis was issued in October. 1778. It was a jerier to tiie British Coinini^^iouer-;. (Carlisle, ("linton and Eden) Tlie seventh was is.-ned from Phila lelphia, Xovemher 21, 1778, [t was an address to the people of England, 'i'lie eiijhth crisis was a second address to the peopU" of England, in March, 1780. In .Fnne, 1780, \\\i' uinth crisis appeared. Hi October, 1780, the crisis ('.xtrnordinani w:is pnblisiieil. If was a long discussion on taxes. The last three nnndters utMt' written at tln^ in-^tigalion of Robert Morris, tlie rtnan- e:er, wiili the knouledu'c and a|»proval of Wa^hinirlon . Oik^ otiier on general topic--, and one in May, I7S2,on tiie presB/zi stjite of wirs completed his work. V!ll— I'lIE PEVOErriONARY LITERATURE. Extending from 17')") to 181."), or from the iiassage of the Stamp Act, until the (do^c of I he si'cond war with England. Pretty mntdi all the literature of that i-i real, ami li"arl tell . and is politit^al in its nature. Noteworthy names are : — Henjaiiiiii Franklin, [170()-17i)0] " Autohiograpy" Tliom.-is Paine, [17;i7-180i)] "Common Sense" Thomas .lelferson [174;M826 "Declaration of Independence" Alexander Hamillon, [17r)7-1804] "The Federalist" Fr:inci< Hopkinson, [17:57-1791] "The Battle of the Kegs" .lohn Trnml)nll, f 17r)0-18;n ] ".McFinoal" .loci Barlow, ri7.5.-)_181-_>] •'The Colnmbiad" Phillip Frcne 111, [17o2-18;}-2] Poems Benjamin Thompson, [Comit Rnmford] Scientist I'imotln Dwiglit, [1 7ii2-1817] Tlieology Fislier .Vines. [17r)8-18()8] "A Razeed BnrUe" Charles B. Brown, [1771-1810J "Antlinr Mervyn" Ale.xander Wilson. [177(!-lSia] Ortlinoloirist \Villi:im Wirt, [17(J2-18;U] "The British Sp: " [Giliiiorc's English Literature.] 44 MANUAT. OF UXITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. THE INTERRUGNUM— 1783-1789. Sec. 1. This period incliules the time, from the close of the Revolution- ary war, as marked by the treaty of Paris, [1783] to the beoinniiitjj of VV'ash- in^ton's administration, 1789. In tliis period, fraiijjht with so mufh danger to the Republic, w;«t about for some plan by which the people might be made sure in those rights, for which they had sacrificed so many lives, and such great treasure. From the need of the people, and untiring and ceaseless activity of the noble statestnen of that time, was developed that gi-and and lasting charter of American liberty — the Federal Constitution. Sec, 2. During our history as a nation, tlii^ following instruments Imve served as the supreme law of the land; for this reason they are sometimes termed, our Xational Charters : — I. The Articles of Association 1774 II. The Declaration of Independence 1776 III. The Articles of Confederation 1778 IV. The Federal Constitution 1787 Sec. 3. Tho Articles of Association were adopted by the second Continen- tal Congress, while in session at Philadelphia, October 20, 1774. These arti- cles were designed as they, themselves state, ''To obtain a redi-ess of griev- ances, which threaten destruction to the lives, liberty, and property of his majesty's subjects in Nortli America." The compact was, as is stated in the articles, "a non-importation, and non-exportation agreement" against England They were signed by fifty-two members, fiom all tlie different colonies, ex- cept Georgia; and included tln^ names of such men ;)< the Adam's, Dcme. .lay. Lee, and Wasliington. The iilea of the Embargo, and Non-Intercoursi' Eaws of .Icficison's Ad- ministration seems to have been borrowed from these old colonial regulations. Sec. 4.— the DECLAR ATIOX OF I XDEPEXDEXCP:. By the acts of ass(Jciation the rolonic^-: had fmincd tlieinsclvt's into [niitcd colunics: by th's .act Ihey formed t lieuisi'l vi's into tiic Cuitcd Stnti's. 'i'his - still in foicc, constituics the' /;(;s;V of Amci-ican constitutional iau', and supplies an antlnMitic, and authoritative standard by wbitdi all constitutioi! il ihcorics. and expositions >;hould be testecK It was "the cornef-stom^ of our confederacy" and ]>i •'otmri: all con- stitutions, and all laws." Sec. .').— I'lll-; VFv'I'K'j.KS ()K ( OX I-KOKI.' A'lMON, Were ajrreed toby the Xational ( 'oni.>-res-i at Philadi'l phia, in Xovendier. 1777, HUd signed July 8, I77S. in Ibis union all the states were represented, ;ind it v\ as designed, as anotlier p.art of the title si.-itcs to he ,,,n-ii(tuitl. The arti- cles of Confederation fouml the liiion ami Xa!ion alu'ady in existence, and were only designed to be detailed regulations o( the same. 4'liev were adopted to meet the exigencies of a state of war. Their [iiinci[):il piani^ious leferred MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 45 to siic'l) :i coiitlirion of siffair.*, aiul were (loriii;int in time of pesa'c. The ^^taro lojrisl.itiwcs were slou- rn :ifli: Till-: ADOPTION' OF THKSE AIMICI.ES. "Befoie the eml (d' the year, 177<>. nmst of the States liad settled tlieir forms of State < Jo vc'inment . These wire oeneraily such adaptattons of the old colonial liovernmeiit^ as the alleied cciidition of affairs .seemed to demand. But there \\a> iiic.iter dilliridiy in -eitlitio- a collective eperahle harrier airainsr tlie for- mation of a close union. Snmmar\ — In tlieir nnxiety to be without a master, the States left themselves without m onvcrninenl."' — Johnston. Si:r. 7. r— rONDITIOXS OF THE UNION. 1. Rejjre-enf itimi in ( 'iMii£re-s — Not more than seven, nor less than two tlele<;ates from each state, to he (dmsen l)y the Leoislatnre. 2. Etinalitv of the State-;— Each have one vote: no matter Imw u'reat the populjition or Acalfli. 3. Executive Ollicer— No Presidenr, no Executive power except comiuit;- tees of (^onof|-ess. ■I. Votiinj: on imiiortant measure- — 'I'he votes of nine states. r>. Voting; on amendment- — The votes of all stales. Sec. 8. I— POWERS OF CON(iRESS UNDER THE CONFEDERATION. 1. Coidil de(dare war, ami ur.iiit letter- of marque and repiisal. '2. Could lix the amount of revenue. ;{. Could horiaiw, ami coin nnmey, and contract debts. -1. Could decide disjuiti's l)e|\\('en states. 5. Could make treaties wiiji foiadirn powers. Summary — Ha I merely an advisory po\\er at he.-i. Sec. 10 IV— DEFECTS OF 'I'lIE ARTK LES OF CONFEDERATION. 1 . 'I"hi' jiovernment had no executive (dlicer. 2. No power .ii furnish offenses airainst its laws. 3. No power to (dfectivelyperform its duties. 4. Could imt .arm, eidist. or support an army. 5. Ciuild not make states ahiile h\- its decision* in ilisputes. (i. Could not prevent iudiviihial st.ifes from violatiuo^ fiuauLrn tieaii>s. 7. Could not compd the -tareir sliaie of ilie apportioned taxes. 4. The national L-redir became worlhless. 5. Foreign natioris refuse to make eomnieicial treaties. (j. The Algeri ins coinmif tlepredatious on American commerce wi'h impnniiy. 7. England refuses a ministei- ro the United States. Summary — "The Federal Goveiiimcnt in short, was despised abroad, and disobeyed at lioin-. " 8. Sayings of W.ashinglon. 0. InsutHciency of the Confederation — Alexander Hamilton. Anderson's United States Reader, page 224. Sec. 12. VI — It may b;; a^Ued. what good results could follow the adop- tion of a iorm of government, whicii, when tested, proved itself so weak, and inelHcient. The following n):iy ser\e to make this plain. ADVANTAGES OF THE CONFEDERATION : J. JIade a good impres.-ion abroad. 2. .Met at tlrst, the irrowing u.ants ot the young nation. 3. Expres.-ed the full degree of coloni.al unity of that time. 4. Was the best that could then be adopted. 5. Paved the way, for the higiier, and better union, found under the Federal Consvitution. Sicc. 13. V 11— EARLY LEGISLATION. 1. Remedy — Congress to have power to levy, and collect taxes ami ciis- louis. 2. Congi-ess .asks the states in 178G, to pas.s an amendment giving it the powi-r to collect a revenue tVom imports. 3. Twelve state> ratii'y this amendment. New York refuses to ratify it. Immediati! ettect — Seemed to destro}' the hope of a continued National Union in America. Ulrimate elfect — Caused ;i strong re-action in favor of an im- mediale, and complete chanLre of the government. TlIF NATIONAL CONS IITFTION. STKf.S I.N Tin: FI{.\MING OF TIIK CO.XSTITUTIOX. Si:b. 14. 1 — V'irginia a d .Maryl ami call a Co.mnercial Convention. I. 'I'iine — ITS.'). [2] (iroinid. Tlitdi- I'ight to rejfid.ate con'merce. [3] Purpose. To lie ir the lej) uT of their comnn-jsioners on the interruptions to commerce in Cln'sapeake Bay. 4. Aciionof ComuM-sions — Could not .agree except in condemning the articles of coideder.ation. II. Call of Virginia. 1. Time— 1785. 2. Siibstauee — The ileh'^rates ot the othei st ites to me('l the ibllowing ye.i r at .Vnnapolis, to consider tlie defects of the goveiument and suggest a remedy. MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. Ill— THE (ONVEXTIOX OF 178G. 1. PliU-e- ■Aiiii:ii)()li.>. [2] Reprt'.'iiMitation. Delejj.ites from live of the Middle States. [3] Work. Conrincd to discussion, sinc<' a majority of tlie Stales were not lepresentfd. [i] Gfiieial t'oncliisioii . The orovernment, ais it then stood, was iiiaileqiiate for tiie pi'ott^ctioii, piosperit}^ or comfort of tlie people, and that some immediatf, and thorouiih reform was needed. 5. l{i'|K)rt — Made to their own states, ai.d to Congress. 0. RccommcJi latioii — Another convenfion to be held at Philadelphia, in May, 1787. 7. Action of ( onoivss — Approved by resolution their report, and the pro- po e I convention. IV^— THE COXSTITUriOXAL CONVKXTION. 1. Tini' — May 14. 1787, to S('i)tember 17, 1787. 2. PI If. — Pliiladelphia. ."}. Ilepresentation. All the states hut Rhode Island. 4. .V secret session — the account jjathered from Mr. .Mudison's papers. 5. Chairman — (u-oijie VVyshin«lon. G. Kesohition — To form an entirely new constitution, (iiound — That the work must tinally be submiMed to. and .ip- proved by the people, before it could y;o into ellect. 7. Plans of Union — [a] Virgiida phiii pioposed May 29. by Randolj)h. Hepie>entation ill Conojress in proportion to i>opulation, and Conirress to have power lo compcd the state- to fultill fh(Mr oblijrations. [b] New Jersey jjlan l>y Pa'teisoM. Cniitiiiuance of I he old c-oiifederation, with the power to lejiu- late comiiie]-ce, and raise a revenue. .s. Final Plan — A compiomise between the others, [aj 'l"he smaller Slates to take a pnipurtiundl share in the lower of the two houses, for an equnl share in the upper, [b] Questions — Slave Representation, and slave trade. [c] Agreements. 1. Three slaves to etpial five whites. 2. Slave trade not to be prohibited until after 1808. 'i. Other (]uestinns — Settled in same spirit, [d] Completion ot work. 1. Time — Sepreiiiber 17, 1787. 2. Nature — A sound, and lasting political woik. 3. Result — Of wise. Judicious, and even-handed compromise. Skc. lo.— STFPS in the ADOPriOX OF TIIF COXS'I'ITUTIOX. 1. Signed hv rhe didcgates to the convention, September 17, 1787. 2. Sent to Congress .^e|)tembtM' 28, 1787. .'{. Congress gends it tc) the states for the voice of the people through their Legislatures. On the question of .Adoptini: the Constitution the |)eopIe of tiie United States were divided into two gre.at |)arties; viz : Federalists who were for the Constitution, a strong centr.il gover-nment, and national snpremai-v. Tbeii- leiders were Washington, '.Lay . .\dahis, Hamilton. The Anli-I'\'deralists — Weie against the Constitution, tor strong state govei nments .and State Kights. 'i'lieir leadeis were, Jetlerson, Burr. Ran- dolph, and Madivon. A noble relic of this contiovei sy . is the series of papers written by Ham- ilton. Jay. .and Madison, over the joint signature of Publius. explaining and oefending the Consritntion. These e.ssays had evidently a great elVect u|t{>n the minds of the people; and were mainly instrumetital in securing the ailoj," lion of the Constitution. 4. Ratilied b)' the coiivenlions of nine states, June 21. 1788. 4S MAXUAI. OF UM'l'EL) STA'IES HISTORY. 5. Al-U(^ii (if ilic Odii^i (■<< of ilic CoiireiliM-.-K'y. [.-i] IimIdisl's a resoliuioii of oni.' of il> (Oimiiitii'i't; lor uirryiii;; llie iieu' jioveiriiiit'iit into L-U'eL't. [i.] I'^ixcs A lime It) rlioosc clcctdis — l''ii'.-t Wt'diu'sthiy of Jami;iiy, 1789. i"<] Fixes a liiiu' lo cliuo^c a I'lc.^idL'iit and Vice President — Fii'st Wed- iie.-il.iy in Febiii iiy, 17S1_). [li] Decide.* tlie lime, and plaee for nieeling. Of the new L'ongTe^s — New Yorii, MavL-h 4, 178;). Si;c. IG A BIMFF EXPO.SII ION OF TOE CONSTITU TIOX- AS A WHOLE. I. Kxci ilrneies — 1. Plain enoni;li to S'lide liie poliey of ilie statesman and l!ie ili'ii-ions of i he jndi!:e. 2. Elastic enou;;!) to ^ive lull nl.iy lo iionest dill'ciences of opinion and |)aity conte.'Jt, and to fit tlie liody |)olitie at any lime in i!s ;:io\\ th fron> 3,000,000 lo 50.000,000 people. II. The Bill of Rights — As liie liisr len Amendments lo the Coiisiinition v\ I'l e railed, were added so sjDii afler its ailoption (178iJ) as to h<' fairly con- sidei-ctl a ptrl id' the oiii^inal instj-ument. Tiiey ^ii.iranleed IVeednm of re- liiiion, s[)cecdi, person, and properly. They were adopted ti> coo'.-iliate ihe exireme anti-fediM aiists, ami eneoiirai;e I'hode island, and Norlh (.'arolina to cn:er inio liie I'nion. which each diii xinn alter. III. Clianii-es. 1. The maniK'i' (d' eh ctinu.' Prcsiilent ami Vice President — .Vmendment XII iso;5. 2. Th(M'Xliri)ation ot slaxi-iy, -J miiary 1, 1803 — See Amendments XIII, XIV and XV. IV. Reasons foi- t he ' onstil nl ion heini^^ a j:;ood one : 1. Has oi\('ii ns a hanmtnious and comfortable fp;ii Iment | and | How chosen — Electoril i \und)er. ve.Med in J Vice | ('ollro-(>. Ad visors— Tin- • Work. I Presid.-nl I ('abinei. Salaries. The\ !']lection J J work. Some of the powers. Sec. hi. The judieiil ) SMM?cme ] No. judiics. Tenure, and terms of Deparlment | (_'ourt. | ollice. which J District | Work, intdniles | (,'ouris. '] Powrrs. j Circuit I Salary. J < 'ourts. ) How ajipointed. Siu:. 18.--OU11 TEUKirORl.M. SVSi'EM. The ses.-i ibonf 1781. nf I he Crown I.iml-- lothe I'nion, oriu'iMated lb- Territorial System of the United Stales. Fi-om the imnu'iise cession of land MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 49 thus made was or<;;mizo(l what is called tlie Xoitli-west Territory in 1787. Tiie Bill orfraiiiziiiij a Territorial Government for the Territory of the United States North-west of the Ohio, was passed by Congress July 13, 1787, then in session at New York. I. Author of th,0:):). vice President, $5,000. Cabinet officers, $.S,r,00. Senators, $7 per diy, and Iteprescnt-iti I'es, $G per day, eacli with mileage. ;}. Pa-s after s(>m(» consideiable opjjosirion totlie second clause, and very strong opj)osition to the third clause a Financial Scheme, presented to the body by lln' Secret'iy of tlic Treasury — Alexander Hamilton. ( i) Tlie fiiicign dibt of the Confederacy to be assiniied and paid in full. (b) The domestic debt of the Confederacy to be paid at its par value. (c) The State War Debt, to he assumed and i)aid I)y the United States. (c) ThcM'stablisliment of a United States Hank; located at Philadelphi.n in 1791, with a charter for 20 years, ami a capital of $10,000,000. It was de- signed to serve as a |)lace for Xational Deposits, and to furnish a steady and uniform paper currency. Cd) Provide a revenue by levying a tax on imported goods, the tonnage of vessels, and the distillation of spirits. ff) The estal)Iishment of a United States Mint at Pbiladelpliia in 1792, to furnish coin. Branch Mints have since been established in X'ew Orleans, San Francisco ami Carson (Jity. 4. TjOCation of the Skat ok Govkhn'mknt. — Before 1790 the Seat of Goy- ernmeut had been princii)ally at Xew York. It was now located at PhiU- MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTOET. 51 delplii.i from 1790 to 1800. After 1800 it was to be on a site chosen on the Potomac lliver. The District of Columbia. 1. When ceded to the United States; and by whoixi? 2. Size; present size. 3. When orjjanized V 4. City, when laid out, and by wlioin? 5. Population in 1800. [See Eclectric Geo;^raphy, Xos. 2 and 3, latest edition.] V— JNDIAX WARS. 1. Ilannei's Expedition, 1790. ) ^Vhel•e 2. Sr. (Jlair's " 1791. v Con)nion Startinj; Point? 3. Wayne's " 1794. ) Result of each and all. VI— WHISKY REBELLION. 1. When? 2. Where? 3. Why so c.dled ? 4. (Jauses? (a) Tax on Whisk}', (b) Tiie anti-Federal Sentiment of the People. ((•) The eneonraii^ement of the Freui-h Minister Genet, and his ad- herents. 5. Course of the Presiilent, 1 and 2. G. Result. Vil— CENSUS REPORT OF 1790. 1. Population— 3, 929, 214. 2. Center of Population. 3. Number of Post Offices — 75. 4. Exports— $20,000,000. VIII— TROUBLE WITH FRANCE IN 1793-'4. 1. Condiu;t of the French Minister Genet, (a) Abuse of his privilege as Embassador, by fittiu. (h) Employments, (c) References on Washington: Anderson's U. S, Reader — (a) VVa-iliington's reply to Colonel Nicola p. 213 (h) " address to the OtRcei's of tile Army. p. 218 (c) \V':i-:liiniiion resigning his Commission p. 220 (d) Mt. Vernon— Rev. VVm. Jay p. 224 (e) Inanornration of Washington — Hildreth P- 228 (f) The Lanindi of the Ship — Longfellow p. 231 (g) Washington at .M r. Vernon — Irvin .tlxiiii \V;i--i)iiiiitoii : XcB— "Firsr in war, fir-fst in peaoe, and lirst in ilie hearts ol his vonntry men.'" (h) yiapolton — -''riie warrior, the letr- islator, and tiie citizen vvilhonl reproach." (.•) Byron — ''The tirsr, the last, tiie h« St, the Cincinnattns oC llie West." (d) Lanl B'-oiuiha'm—'''\]\\t\\ time sliall he no more, a test of the prooji'css uhicli our race has made in wisdom and virtue will he derived from the veneration piid lo the immurUd name of Wnshiutjtini.'^ (e) '" I'rovidence left liim eiiijiiless tlnat lii# country might call him Father." \' I— SECOND CENSUS— 1800. 1. Population, r),:>l!l.7l'.-_'. ■>. Niimlierot Post-0(Kcey, yO;:{. 3. Exports, $71,000,000. VII— I'll K WESTWARD MOVEMENT. 1. lmmiiir:iiiou of Daniij B'>one to Kentm-kv. 2. The Pioneers, [a] 'i'heii- lives. [h\ D\vellinaign. [:i] The views of .lett'erson from a Richmond newspa- per. 'I'he motto, [hj The Federal hatred of Jefferson, lilustraticuis. (J. The residt of the election, [a] A choice of .Jefferson as President. [hj 'I'he complete overthrow of the P'ederal party, [c] The defeat of Burr. 7. 'i'he weak place in I he Constiti'fion . What, and how remedied. See amendment XII. 8. Origin of caucus nonnnations. When, Why. 'I'lJOMAS JEFFERSON'S A DM IN IS'l'RATION— 1801-1809. I. The fiew Presitlent. [a] Education and wealth. [I)] Religion. [c] Characteristics. [d] Leader of what party, and an advocate of what doctrine? [e] His theory of Government, [f] ('haracier of his cabinet, [g] Acts of reform, and economy. As to army .•iiid navy. .\s to the number of goveinment officers. As to in- ternal taxes. .As to violators of Sedition Act. As to the period of navigation. [hi Removal from pid)lic otlice. Nnmbei'. 35. Ground. The affairs of g. Orleans Tr up .•111 expedition ajriiiiist Mexico, tlieii l)eloiio:iii>r <<> Spuin, it naiioii with wiiieii tlie United Stiites were iit peace. 9. Decision of Marsli;ill — "Acquitted for want of sntficienr ovidenco.'' 10. L;i!or history, and deatli. When. Where. V— EXPLORIXG EXPP^DiriOX OF LEWIS AX^D CLARKE. \. Piirpo^i — Sent oMt hy the jjovernmenr to explore the iate liOnislanii piircliase. 2. Time. 1801— ISDG. .'{. Wmk — Ascended the Missonri to its source, crossed the Rocky Monn- taiii<. and explored the Coinmhia to its month. Difficulties and trials. 4. Re-nit — G;ive the United States a claim to Oregon. Was of miicli ad- v.intaire to science and knowledge, and opened np the way for immigration. G See Eclectic History, p.-ige 211. for later history of the leaders. VI— APPOlXr.MEXT OF .lOIIX" MARSHALL, CHIEF' JUSTICE. 1. Time of .•ippointnient, 1801, in office thirty-five years. 2. .Miility — Greatest American Judge. ?,. Work— [i] To modify the i)ririciples of English b^w, and to adapt them to onr altered form of government, [h] He rendered a great nnmher of de- cisioiii a- guides for the courts of future generations. 4 Snmm-ir- — "He plai'ed on a firm, and enduring h.-isis the noble strno- tiiie of American law. VI I— EUROPE AX BLOCKADE. 1. Cause — France and England heincr ;ir war, instituted this hlock.ide for ihe purpose of destroying each other's trade, 2. Time, 18.)fi-0. 3. .Action of Engl.ind — Orders in council, [a] Declaring the coast of Fraif'e to he in a stite of hlockad*'. [ti] Prnhihit the coasting trade of France ; and tli:U all vessels friding with France must first n-iv tribute to Englnnd. 4. Action of France — [a] Rerlin decree — Xapoleon declares the British Isles in r state of bloi-kade. [h] Milan decree — Xapoleon i-onfiseates all ves- sels in his ports. Thit had s-ibmitted to English sparcb.or paid England tribut». 5. EfT'-ct. \:\] Desrrovs the commerce of the nations at war for the time. [b] Greatly injured the commerce of the Uniteil States and other nations. VIII— TROUBLE WITH EXGLAXD. 1. Pauses — f;,! Difl'i-rence in ideas of tiie Tenure of allagience — American doctrine, and English doctrine, fb] The (>apture of American trading vessels, and the /m/)rf.ults — [i] Great aid to tlie iur(M-n il developments of the country. [h] clieapened the co-t of tr in-portalion. [r] R mnil the Xortii and Sonilk more firndy to^ethes'. [dj Made the Union more sizable and permanent. 8. References on the steamboat. [a] Sleam navi<;atioi; — Timbs-Andor'-on's United St;ites Reader, paj;e 2G1. [b] Andei'soa'- P.ipnlir .School History. Fulton's lirst sfeaml)Oit — Story. I)a2;e201. ilow the Clermonr was rejjirded — Ilolden, i>a;re 190. X— 'ITIE FOREIOX SLAVE TRADE. 1. 'I'he A frican coast ti-ade — [a] How Ion;; carrieil on? [b] The JIidt11<» Passage. (What. Loss.) 2. 'I'lie airreement in the Conilifution — [a] What, [h] When, [c] Why. [d] Recommendation of tiie Pri\«ident in the me*sau;e of 1807. Ground. 0. .Action of Congress, [a] Debate on th(» foreiijn slave trade. When. Wliv. [h] The law chaMipinned bv Josiali Qiiincy. Wliat. When. Effect. [c] Eui^lanirs law .-i^ to the foreign slave tr iile. W^li.at. When. •1. Fnrtiier existence of slavery, [a] In all the states but Massachnspttsi till the Revolution, [hi Ah(dishnient in ihe northern states. When, [c] In- ler-stato slave ti-ade. ;■). rnter-national I iws on slave trade. [a] Mode of trade a.-fer 1808. Why. Effect, [bj Action of the United States and Euirlaud in 1811 . What. Wiiy. [c] Action of the United State- :ind Eniii.ir to ronv sailor's ritihis. IV— GROW I'll OF .S PATES RIGIIT'S DOC I'RI XE— (.Johnston.) 1. Hartford l^e.ace Gouvention — [a] Where. Hartford, ('onueclieut. [b] Time, ISli. [e] Ri'pre-;eutation. 'i'he prineipd inhabitants of and iiududinir ropia-sentatives from .Massaidiusel ts, Rhod(^ /sland, and Giuineetieut, :iml parts of Vermont and Xew Uampshiia'. (he t!)r<'e river euunlies, t'o?nierl\' sold nampshire county . [d] i*urpose, "To consider wiu-tber- any measures « otdd b(Maken lo arrest the eoutinuanee of the war, and provide foi- the p-eueral safety." [e] Etteets — Thnu;rhr by ils members lo have hastened the ei>nelusi()n of a treat V of peace. By the frienils of IMadison and of 'lie wai-, was looked on as trea-unable. Was the tinal step in the downfall , etir for seventc<'n years, and inany liiousaud doll.ars for the r.ansom of Ameiic.in |)risoiiers did uotsullice to secure our conmercR from the a^jcre-sious of these piratical thieves. 2. Events — (Joininodore Decatur sent with a llet^t to the Meditterrinean ; and the Dey brouifht to leniis. ;{. Etfecis — 'I'he .Vlijerians o-jve up all idaiiu to tril)ute, ami ajxrcc to let aloni' American i-oinnn'rce i n the .Meditt( franean .Sea. VI— RE-CHARTERIX(i OF THE UXITED STATES BAXK. 1. Review cltarteriuu: of iln^ biid<. (See Ilamilfon's scheme.) 2. Efl'ects of the E.vpitation of the charter in 1811. [ i] Other banks sus- pend specie j)iyments. [b] ('oiu becomes scarce, [c] Business depressed, and commerce i)aralyz:,'d. [d] Private etlorts ;it sujjplyin^ the need for money. MANUAL OF EXITED STATES HISTORY. 61 y. Action of roiis — I'ass tlic Bill for the Baiiiv in an aiiiejuled foi-iH. [.ij Time, 181G. [b] Capital, !|;;^."),0()U.()00. [c] Brandies in the ieadinjr commercial cities, [d] Purpose, to supply money at .all limes redeemable in >jold and silver. To perfoi-m the linancial bnsine-s of tlie liovernment, without cliai<;'c, and In receive as compensation the use of the national deposits, [e] dialler, twenty yeais. [fj (Joes in o])eiarioM March 4, 1817. The same arguments that Hamilton had produced for its establishment by the Feder.alists in 1790-1, were aiiain bron;flit forward by tlie Keimblicans for its re-establishmt'iit in 181lj. VH— STATES A DM IT TED IX I'll IS AD.M IX iSTKATlON. 1. Eoui>iaiia — [a] Origin of name, [bl Limits, [cj Orleans territory or- ganized. 'Time and limits, [d] The Distiict of Lonisi;iiia organized. 'Time and limits, [ej The Frencli settlements. Wlieii. Where, [f] Admission of Loni^iana as a st.ate. Time. ■J. Indi-in.a — La i First Setilement — When. Where. By whom, [b] In- diana Tciritory organized. When. Limits. Capital. Govei'iior. [c] In- dian wars in Indiana. When. Where. Events. Effects, [d] Admi.ssion as a state. Wlieii. Character of its Con-tittition. VllI— I.M.MKiRATlOX TO THE UXITED STATES. 1. (icncral tact concei'uing immigration. 2. Iiiimii;r;iiion per aiinnni from 178.3 to 180;^. y. " 1803 to 1813. 4. Immigraiion diiriiiir 1810. 5. AVork of these Immigrants. IX— (JHEAT XAMES OF THE TIMES. 1. Or.aiors. 2. Others. 3. IJterary men. 4. Xatnrenf the liteiature from 1705-1815. 5. Qnarrels among newspapers, ;ind the epithets of abuse. 0. Power of the press then and now. X— MAX rFA(. TIRES. 1. Ceneral fat't concerning m.tnufactniing. 2. i'owcr employed .at this time. 8. Water iMiwer w hen niilized. 4. 'The cotton mill of Francis Lowell, .and its reliition to previous Eng- lish in\entions. 5. New England becomes ;i inaMiifactnring section — Why. Effect of steam as a motive power on this change. \I — AMFRICAX BIBLE SOCIETY. 1. l^Miiidccl — When. Wliere. /l^y whom. Purpose. 2. Cost of a Bibb — [a] Before the invention of printing, [b] At the close of the Revolution.ai-y war. fc] .\t the present time. [d] Life of the Society — \VorU. Don.ations. Publishing house. XII— FIRST SAVIXGS' BANK. 1. Founded — NVhen. Where. Purpose. 2. Dis|)osal of funds. 3. E(rects~[ i] On the industry and thrift, [b] On the amount of money saved, [c] On the increase of savings' banks. Xuinber at present in the L'^nited States. Xumber of depositors. Amount of deposits. 62 .MAXUAI. OF CyiTED STATES H [STORY. XII I— AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 1. Foiiiieil — W'lieii. Purpose. 2. Niitiire of tlie SL'lieme. 3. Work of tlie society. 4. Work of the South — Why f;ivoriil)lf' ? 5. Country selected — X.imc SitiiMtioii. CliiDute. 6. Capital — Wliy so callcil ? Population, (iovernnient. 7. Imuiijiration to Eiberia now — Why so .«lovv? XIV-TIIE ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS— (1816) 1. Hope of the Federal party, "i. ( 'auses of its loss of power. 8. Tlie question at Issuh". (Janrlidale- — fa] l{ei)nbliLMn^. James Monroe, and L). D. 'l"on)pkins. [b] Federalists, Rnfiis Kinj^'aiid .lohn E. IlDuai'd. JAMES MONROE'S ADM INISTRATION— 1817-18-25. I. Tlie new President. 1. Birth — When. Where. 2. Edneation. 3. Sneial posinon and wealth. 4. Reli.i!,ii)n. 5. OlHeial History. (5. Politics. 7. Policy and natiiie of the Adniinisti-ation. Called what? 8. Ground of Popularitv — [a] Had been a Revolutionary siddier, and tilled many otHces of trust, [h] VV^.as a ne for peace, [h] Indians com- pelled to oive up all iiinaway •] The Indians airree to remove heyond the Mississippi. .\nd wilh Spain see lielow. ill — IN\^ENi'10N OF THE SHOE PEG— (See Newman, patre4l4.) I. Time — 1818. 2. Inventor, .Joseph VValker, of ITf>pkinson, Massachu- setts. ;{. lniportaMt'<'. Its use hail not heen knowji before this date, and the introduction of it ij-ive a irreaf impuNe to the mar.uf.acture of boots and shoes. Nothiusj," hut seweil w(uk had been pi-eviou dx- made. The priite and quantity were niucli affected by thi-' little thintr. 4. Method of mainu'acture. By hand, and by nuudii '■•cry. ."). 'I'his invention led t(» the invention of the peggino: macdiine, by wiiicli i)eif;jin^' work can he |)roduced with j^freat r.apidity. TROFBLE WITH SPAIN— 1818-1821 . 1. Action of Jackson — (a) Captures Saint Marks. Why? (b) Haiiffs British Emissaries. Number. Why? (c) (Captures Pensacola, and sends Spaniards to llavauua. 2. Elfeet — (.-i) On enemies, (b) On friends, (c) On President, (d) On Contrress. ','>. Result — Acquisition of Florida, (a) Causes — This country served as a hidinj;- place for the S|)anisli emissaries, and criminals from jus- tice, 'i'lu? United States also bou;>ht it to stop the smujjirlinj!: of slaves, .and the south urjred its purcliase, as they knew it would become slave territory. MANUAL UF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 6:^ Spuiii sold for feiir slit-woiilillo.-c tlic icrtiiory by force, (d) Time, 1819 — Treaty coiicliided in 18:21. fej Price, |.),()UO,OOU. (f) Conditions of sale- Spain <)-ive.s np all claim to Fiori.la. The United States relinquishes all claim to Texas. The United States to pnx her citizens ^.j.OOI^OOU dnt^. them from Spiin. The boundary bet v\('en tiie Louisiana i)urchase and Mexico. Texas settled at Sabine Kivei. 1 1 1— I \ I'KK.X A L 1 M I'HU VEMENTS. 1. When first advocated. 2. Necessiiy of such work. 3. Question to be (.lecideil — Whether consriiutional or not. 4. Idea of Monroe — Improvements desirable, but not constitutional. 5. Action of Conjiress — (;i; .\ ppiopriates money to build several militar}' roatls. ( b) Pa< Cumberlnnd, Maryland, to Wheeliniif. Viiiiinia — ( 'innltcil.ind load, (c) Passes a bill for surveys for a national canal system, (d ) liefers the question ro the states. (J. Action of \c\v York — Builds Erie Canal, (aj Where- -Buffalo to Albany. (I); 'I'ime, 1S17-1825. (cj First propose.l bj- .Jesse Hawley. (d) l.eaijer, l)e Wilt (iinton, Govcriun- of \imv York, (a) Leiiijth, 363 miles. (t) Cost nearly .i;8,(i(»(i,00U. (srj Formal openinif, October, 1825. The Gov- ernor and m my yiiests sailed from Buff do t(> New York in a steam barge, at- tended l»y music and i he io;ir of cannon, (lij Effects — Opened the grain anil sfO(d< fields (f the west to Europe, (iit-iit aid to the commercial j,"iX)Wth of New York city, i i) Makes ("hicago the great grain, meat and lumber market of the west. 7. Building of the Xaiional lioad — (a) Wlieie — (Jumberland, Murvbuid, to Saiur Loui-, Missouri. (Iij Condition as regiirds a roid when Ohio came into the I'nion. (c) \V^)rk done, (d) Why iintiui»hed y Because the property of whom, (e) I'lc-cnt condition, (b) Leading towns on this I'oad. 8. Aciioii of Indiiiia — Buillsibc Wabisli and Erie Ciiuai. (a) Where — From Evansvillc io Terie Haute; then the gciieral course of the Wabash River to Fort W:iyne;]l ben down .Maiimee to Toledo on Lake Erie, (b) Time, 1848 — 18.")2. (c; Cost, lU.OOU.OUO. i,d) Length, 271 miles. Why abandoned— be- cause the great expense necessary to keep the bed of the canal free from de- posit< of mud more than equ illed the p?-otits ot traii'oods man nfaetnred al)roa'l (■he.ii)er than they can be made by ns. (h) A r<'venne tariff levied on certain cla-e revenue, (c) Free Trade — 'i'he import ition of any, Jind .all manufactured arti- cles fi-otn al)road free of duly. 2. Origin of the Anwricati sy-tem — (a) Lt-adiny subject of thouujht In 18](). (I.) Bill of John C. Caliiouu— When. Where. Purpose. Parrs, (c^ Position of the sections. ;ind file leaders of politics. Ground of southern ad- vocacy and northern o|)position. 8. Xature of the Tariff Question. 4. Taritl" Legislation — (a) Protective tariffs. X'umber. When. (b) Revenue 'Tariffs. When. Xiimber.. 7). The Tariff of 1S2() — Incicasinn; ri-es>. "2. I'ro|)(>.ress. Of tiie States. G. Nature, aiid tiuiii of iustnictiou. XI— AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION. 1. When tnuM led. 2. Founder of Sunday Schools and his work, 3. Firsr Sunday School in ihe United States. When. Where. By u houi. 4. Life of the Sunday Scliool Union — Proo;ress at first. Fact ascertained. Ohjcct-i of the Union. Exercises at lirst, at present. Number of schools and pupils at present. 5. Uuifonu Sunday Si-ho >l Lessons — When, Name. XII— rilE MISSOURI COMPROMISE. 1. Wliv.t — .V bill introduced intoCoiiijress by Jesse B. Thon)as, of Illinois, clianipioned by Henry ("lay, of Kentucky, who secured its passasre in I82I, l)ro\i(lini;' for the admission of Missouri as a slave state. 2. (,'ause — Conllict of the United States as regards the extension of sla- ve r.\. and preservini^ the balance of power between the free and slave states. 'S. Order of the admission of States — (a) Free colonies and States. New Ilampsliirc. ifliode Island, Conneclicut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva- nia, and N^'ruxmt, (1791) Ohio, (1802) Indiana, (1S16) Illinois, (1818) Maine, (1820.) (b). Slave Colonies ami States. — Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Cai-oiina, Georgia and Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), Louisiana (1812\ Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819), Missouri 1821. 4. Plans of tlie Comix'omise. — (a). As to the .-idmission of Missouri (b). As lo lh<.' division of the Louisiana i)uichase. (c) As to States North of Mis- souri, (c) As to the States South of Missouri. a. lmportai)C(! of tht' (luestinn. — Jefferson said: "From the battle of Bunk'-r Hill to the Treaty of Palis, we never had so ominous a question." 0. Nature and effect of the Comprounse. Xn— THE VISIT OF LA FAYE'lTE TO THE UNITED STATES. 1. Time and receiitiuu by the jjcople. 2. Impoitaiit events in visit, (a) Public reception at New York, (b) Laying of Corner-stone of Buid^cr Hill Monument, June 17. 182.), (c) Cere- monies of July ."). 1824. [dl Visit to the Tonb of Washington at Mt. Vernon. [e] Visit to each of tlie 24 States, [f] Farewell reception at President Adams' [g] The (Mubarkation on th(^ Potomac. '.i. Action ) The Mitliauk & Hiid.soii Railroad from Albany to SclKMiei-rad^v was bejrnii in 1830. (<■) The B. & O. Railroad bejrnn in (15 mi.) 1S:>0. (d) The 8. C. raili'oad t'roni C'harle>i.on to Hambnrj; in 1830. y. The spread of the railroad fever. 10. Nnniber of Miles in the U. S. at [tresent, and in the world. XI — VVORKoFTHi; ADMlXISTRATIOXiN INi'EliNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 1. Enlar^intr and maintaining- the liiihthoiises— $1,000,000. •2. (;i)mpletinj Indi.an lands. On the 4th of , Inly, 1828, -\(hinis. aecon)panieil by an immense number of persons (meml»ers of (,'on'n miinsfers and others) uas pi-esent at the ceremony of "breaking; t^ronnd" on the ('hfsipe ike and Ohio canal. The year before, Edward Eveietf. in an address, said : 'A system of internal im- provements, has been commenced, which will have the effect, when a little Uirther developed, of crowdliifj within u few years, the proi>;re-s of oenerations. Already f^ake Cliamplain fiom tho North .a. id Lake Erie from the \V"esi, have bt-en connected with Albany. Delaware and Ciiesapeake Bays have be-'n uni- ted. xV caii.al Is neirly lini-lied in the nppei' ]) irt of New Jersey, from the Delawaie to the Hudson, by which coal is dispatched to our market. Another route is laid ou' across the same stale, to connect New York by a railroad with Pliiladel|)hia. A w.iter communication has been opened, by canals, half-way from PhilaiUdphia ro Pittsburi^h. A canal of 60 miles in leiiij-th connects Day" ton with Cincinnati in the State of Ohio; and another, of more than 300 miles^ in extent, to connect Ltdie p^rie with the Ohio, is two-thirds completed," X[I— EEECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. 1. Opportunities of this adnnnistration. 2. Opposition of Crawford and Jackson men. 3. True estimate oi this adnnrnsfration. 4. Questions in the new election. 1, 2, 3. 5. Comp;ire .and (•ontr.ist Massachusetts as to occupations, education and political ideas. 6. Nature of the <'ampaijrn — Party s|)irit. 7. Candidates-r-(.a) Detnocratic — Andrew Jackson and .lohn C. Calhoun. (b) National Rei)ublicans — John Q. Adams and Riclund Rush. Prominence of each and their support. 8. Result — Election of J:i(d:it ener^j'. (e) Intense love of coun- try. 7. Official liij^torj'. S. Civil Service Policy— Rotation in office, (a) Short sketch of the ac- tion of former Presiilents. [Ii] Inanjriiraiion of the spoils system. Why so call. Ml. Elfect; of this system, [c] Pledov of Jackson. What. Results. |(I] Forniei- action in removin>ument. [b] The tree trade con- vention. When. Wheie. Composition. Declarations — The tariff was in- jni'ions to the South. Conures- iiad enijay,euth (jarolin i, the Blood}' Bill, and its op- ponents in the Senate refused to vote with tin' ex(!eption of John Tyler, of Virginia. [g] Later .\ction of Congress — Pass Henry ('lay's Compromise Bill in 1833. X.itiire of Bill; and its effect on the Xorth Jind South; and on the set- tlement ol this question. III.— THE GREAT DEBATE IX THE SEXA'l'E. 1828. 1. Origin. 2. Leaders and their political positions. 3. Cause — An ini- meiliaK' result of the Declarations of Georgia as to the Creek Land'^ in 1828-30. and of the doctrines ad voc'tcd in the nullification of South Carolina in 1832. An ultim.ite resull of tin' rapid growth of the doctrine of States Rights. 4. Question — Wheiber the States had the right to nullify an act of Conirress. 5. .Affirmations, as.sertions and arguments of each orator. 6. Result — Settled as far as aignment could the states rights doctrine. -7. Final settlement — The Civil War. [Reference, See Xew man, p. 442. I v.— FIX A XCI A L LEG ISL A ITOX. I .\ short sketch of chai'tering and re-chartering of the United States Bank: and the i)ositi(.n of fhe political parties on the bank question. 2. Ileeommendaiions of the Pi'twident as to bank ch;vrter. 1829,1830 and 1831. Wbv. 3. Action of Congress— Pass the Bank Bill in 1832. Whv? 70 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 4. Action of Piesideiit— Vetoes the Bank Bill. 18:t2. VVheii.VVliy. 5. The Piosideiit removes $10,000,000 of government deposits to S!) State Banks. [mJ Time, Oct. 1833, to June 1834. [h] Warrant, [e] Belief as to the U. S. Bank, [d] Earlier effects — The U. S. Bank, now havinused and fostered the spirit of speculation. 2. Made the currency unreliable and depreciated. 3. Caused a loss of public confidence. 4. Brought about the panic of 1837. 5. Led to the establishment of an Indep'^ndent Treasury. 6. Broke down the greatest monopoly of the time — the U. S. B.ink. 7. Led to the establishment of a better system of banks. V— ASIATIC CHOLERA. 1. When brought to the United States. 2. Origin, and spreatl of the disease. MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 71 3. AppeiirancHMii t'li; Unite 1 Strire-; — Wlinre. Direction of course. Na- turf" and eft'cH'ts. Xortliei-ii limit. 4. S.ibseqiieiit History. VI— (iREAT FIRES. 1. At New Yorl< — Time. Extent. Number of houses. Value of pro- perty. 2. At Wa.sliinjiton City — When. What. Los.*. VI— DEATH OF GREAT MEN— THEIR POSITIONS. 1. James Monioe July 4, 1831 2. Charles Carmll • 1832 3. Phillip Frenean 1832 4. .lolin Ramldlpli, ul' Roanoke 1833 5. WilJi.-im Wirt 1834 6. .Joiin Marsiiall 1835 7. William E. Channiuii 1842 8. .James .Ma. lison 1836 0. Aaron Burr 1836 VIII — SHOOTING SPARS. (a) When, (b) Size of meteors, (c) Effect. XI — STATES ADMITTED. 1. Arkansas — (a) Apart of what? (h) Oro^auizeil as a territory when. Cc) Admi-sion as .i state — Time. Population and area. 2. .Miehij^tn — (a) Orijani/ed as a territory. When, (b) Invaded by Brit- ish. When, (c) Admitted as :i State — I'ime. Area. Population. IX— THE SLAVERY TROUBLE. 1. Formation of the Xaiionai Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 — (a) Growth ot tiiese Soeieties, (b) Their object, (c) Abolitionists. 2. Work of leadinir Abolitionists. Oi) Of diaries Osborne — \Vho. Relijiion. His paper. Name. Purpose. 'J'ime. (b; Of Benjamin Lundy— Who. Reliujion. His paper. Name. Purpose. Time. ((•) Of \Villiam Lloyd Garrison — Who. When. His paper. Name. Pur- pose. F^ftect*. Message of the Governor of .Massachusetts. On the mobs of Boston. On the (ieoriiia Leu;islature. Motto. (d) Ot Elijah P. Lovejoy — The editor of the Alton (III.) Observer, an anti-slavery paper. He was obliored to le.avti Missouri on account of his po- litical views. Was shot and killed l)y a mob while tryinjr to prevent them from burning.- his laUrorial buildiiii; the inght of November 7, 1837. .3. Insiirrei'tion >>;' Slavrs — Wiien. Wjiere. Cau. White, ot' Alali.'Uiii, uid Jiilin Tyler, (if Virixinia. Ohio — John McLean. Massachnsett.-; — Dani(d \Vebst(>r. 4. Resnil — Van Biirei; cho-en Pi'esident. 5 KleiMion of a Vice Pre«:id Mit by thf^ .StMiate. Who. (J. Oriirin L\RriX V.\X BUREX'S ADMIXISTRATIOX. 1837-1841. 1. — 'I'he Xew Pre.-idenI . L Kdncation. 1. Occiipatido. ."J. ( liaracter. 4. Ability. 5. OtKcial History, (i. politics — Policy of the .Vdmiinslration. 7. Called what. II— THE F1\AXCI.\L STORM OF 1837. 1. 'i'ime — M.ircli and Apiil. 2. Canses — :.See Scribnei's Maijazinc. March 187'J. "The Commercial Crisis (if 1837." [a] .fackson's specie circidar. 183(i. [Ii] Distribution ot sui|)lus ie\cnue in 1836-7. [c] ( Jreat speenlalions in Western land. [<\] Heavy importation of Enrojiean i^oods wlii(di had to lie jiaid I'or in ii'old and sih'er. thus draining the country of specie, [e] Great tire in New Yoik. Lo^s. .i;lS,0()U,UOU. [f] liittle mouey in Xational treasury, [lij B iid- an it^siie of !^10.00(),U00 ill Tn'asuiv n [bj 'JO ri':i.-.- tln' (li!?li'ibiitioii of leveniit' iuiiong the .States. [c] To give inerchaiit- liirfhlan> — [a] Whig — Naiioiial baiiU systein. [h] Democratic — Su I)- Treasury system. H. Tiie hulepeiidciit TrcMsury Bill — [a] Time — Passed in 1S40, repealed in 18-1 1, rc-iMKuMed in ]S4(J. [h] Rciiuircmeiits — A.il Government dues to be paid in g
• kept in a treasury for that purpose, [c] 0(ticer< — Sid)-ireasureis — Re(iiiiremeiir. fill Oi'igin of this bill and its pur- pose, [e] Etrect> — .S[()p[)('d extravagant ,-peeii I icioii ; compelled biiiks to he ableio redeem tindr nou»s in >pecie. Weakeiu-d confidence in the Deitineratic parly. Ruined \'an iiuicii's poliiN-ai (uo-pects. Divoreeof Bank and State. Nori:. — In the ( 'ongie.-..-ioiial Se>siim> of lS;:}4-5, tue Sub-Treasn:'V plan was suggested by the oppu-iiioii (Whigs) and vipied down hy the Demociats. l^aier, ir w.-.s snggesied by the Demociats, and made a law against tiie Whig etfi'i'is to revive a National Bank. 1', \):i> since remained in force. III.— I'HE IXSURRKC'l'lON IN CANADA. 1837-41. 1. Whatcalle.l. Wiiy. 2. Elfect on the people on the L'. S. border — [aj Meetings held. [I)] Vol- unteers otiered. [c] .\rms eontriltuted. 3. The Americans try to aid the Canadians — [a] Purpo.se — Some were de- sirous to aid the t-ause of liberty, more were attracted 1)3' a hope for plunder. [b] Events — Tlu' Americans capture and fortify Navy island. Where. Tlie Loyalists attempt to (,;aptiire the irtoiuans — Origin: when; where; object; work; John B. (iough. Who. Work. Book. VI— EDUCATION. 1. Result of the Congressional land grant. 2. Growth of Academies and Colleges. MANUAL OF UXITKl) 8 I'ATES H[SIT)RY. 75 3. Fir.st edurulioinl p.ipt'"- -Wlit'ii ; whi'fe; iKime. 4. Kii-s' X()riii:il Si-hool — WIkmi; wIum-i-; by whom. 5. Work ol .Josiiili llolbrooU — Who; whiMe: wiiat. Effects. (j. Work of lloiMi'i' .Miiiiii — Wlio; wiicrc; whit. 7. Fii->i coiiiiiKMi-i.-i! school io ilo' L'liiicil Sr.-uos, .-it Boston (M;iss.) Corn- ers, ill 1840. \ II— ()Rl(;l\ OF KXPliKSS BL'SIXESS. 183'J. .M;iii-h lt\\ William F. ll.iini(Mi, w lui vv:i> in scnrcli of some oocupatioii wiiich wiiiilil siipport him, hi-o-.-iii ihisdiv ti' navel between New York uinl Hostoii ('■u- the acroniMiO'lalioii oT business iiii-h in S' iiflinj; small paika^re.s from one ciiy Io thi- nihci-. lie al iirs. (a) T.ilterty Party. W:i:->a\\, New York, Ni>vember 13, '39— James G. Ririiey, of New York, and i'"r.incis .1. Lemo\iie, of Peiuisylv inia. 'I'liey re- fused the nominaiion, bin were \oted for in I he campaign . Do^-trine. ;^b] Whii;- Party. lianisluirj:-, Pennsylvania, December 4, '3'J — William H. Harrison, of Ohio, and John Tyler, of Viriiini.i. Why ':" [e] The DiMuocratic P.irrv. Baltimore, Maryland, May 5, '40— Martin V^an Bnren. Wliy V Nominaiions lor Vice President left to the states. [d] The camp:iie-n. [a] Gener.al fact. [h] Sneer at Harrison — Popnlar exiiri's] On party, [b] On himself. 8, Uiip'.)piilarity of Tylei-. 9. Later History. II— SPECIAL SESSION Of CONGRESS. 1. Time. 2. Pnrpose. 3. Woik. [a] Pass a general Bankrnpt Law. Purpose, [h] Repeal the Lidependent Treasury Bill. [c[ Pass a bill to iii- cor|)()r;ite tiie Fiscal Bank of the L'nited States, [d] Pass a bill to distribute the [Moceeds of the sale of public 1 inds among the state>:. Ill— ACTION OF THE PRESIDENT. 1. Vetoes the bill for tiie United States p'iscal Bank — Grouml — Powers too great, and was unconstitutional. ■2. The Whig leaders ask the President lor an outline of a bill which he \^■ould sign. 15. The President, .after consultation w ith his Cabinet give< the desired bill, and Congress nt oiu*e passes it. 4. The President again vetoes tiie Bank Bill — Effects, [a] Rupture with his- party . [b] Resignation of riie t.,at)inet— Why y Exception. Why not WebsterV [i-] The Whig members of Cow^^rt'^ir. issued "Addres-es to the People," detailing tiie reforms designed by the Wiiigs, and impeded by the President, and declared that "all political connection between them and John Tyler was at an enises :in agent to Jiuiicahly settle the dispute. Result. Treaty of ^Vasliington. Agent of each government. ■'). Pi-ovisions of this tre;it\' as to: — [a] Disputed boundary, [b] The rii>lit of search, [c] The suppression of tlie Foreiiiii slave trade. V— THE TARIFF OF 1842. L Origin — Caused by the terrible financial distress of the last five years. 2. Reciiiiremeiits — Decreased the number of free importations, .and put & thirty-three percent, duty on all dutiable articles. .'{. Effect — General prosperity. VI.— ANNEX A4'I0N OF TEXAS. 1845. 1. Policy of Spain and Mexico, as regui-ds the settlement of .Mexico. WhyV 2. Iiivason of .r.-imes Long — Time: call; title. ;J. Grant of land to Moses Aiisiin, of Connecticut — [aj When. [b] By whom, [c] Conilition. fd] Confirmed to his son — Stephen Austin. Privilege, Work 1S21-2. 4. Mexico frees all her slaves — [a] Time. [bj Results — Great dissatis- faciion amoiiii Southern slave-owners, in Texas. Why. 5. Offers to purchase Texas, (a) When. Each, (b; Price, (c) By whom. MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HISTORY. 6. The Southern States greatlj' encoiirao'e etnigralion to Texas — [a] Pur- pose — 'I'o uUiuiately annex Texas as a shive territory, [bj Immediate result — A steady flow of lawless settlers into Texas. Why; number in 1833. [c] Ul- timate i-esult — Declaration of Independence. Texan \v;ii-. 1. Time-March 2, 1S36. 2. Xumber of siirners. 3. Number of Soutiiern- er.s. 4. Xumbei- of native Texans. (5. Texan ^\'ar i»f Inilei)endence. 1. Leader — Gen. Sam. Houston. [a] Who. [b] Foi'mer historj'. [ej C'iiararter. [d] Characteristics of bod}' and mind, [e] Ambition, [f] Aid. 2. Texans refuse to submit to Santil Anna. 3. Santa Anna invndes 'i'exas — [a] Defeated at Gonzales, October 2, '3.') [b] Captuies and massacres I be jiarrison of Alanu). Death of David Crockett Who. 4. 'I'exans capture the Goliad and San Antonio, and drive Santa Anna from TexMs. ."). Huston defeats Mexicans with »reat loss at S;in Jacinto, Match 21, 183G. (J. Liimar chosen President of Texas in 1838. 7. Houston chosen Presiilent of Texas in 183G and in 1841. 8. 'I'cx.is asks admission into the Union in 1837, and attain in 1844. tt. Disi-usvidii of annexation in Conjrress, with the action of Congress, the i'l-esideiif, anil 'i'exas. [;i j INi-iliou of the sections. Why. [I)J AduHSsiou of Calhoun, [c] Sayino- of Webster: "We all see Texas will be ;i sl:ive-lioIdiug- country, and I fraidry of the Afiican race on this contineuti or add another slave-holding state to the rnioii.'' [d] Saying of Mississippi Legishitiirc — "The south does not possess a bles- sing (spe:d Suffrage .and the Law ami Order parties. (b1 The Snffraire party (di >se S. W. Kinu', ir'>veni()r, (c) The Law and Order pii-ty chose T. W. |)ori-, linvernm-. (d) Both parlies meet and organize their -epirale rival governments. (e) Tlie 1, iw and Order p irf y attempt to snp- pi-ess I be Dorr taction by force. Civil war. (fj 4'be United States disi)erses llie Sulft aLrists anl)ors; nature. 5. Anplic.iriou tor ('oiiiri(*-sioii;d aiil. (;i) When. (U) luunediafe effect. (c) Ijjnoiaiice of the siibjecr. (d) Success; n-heii ; appropriation; amount; purpose. (i. Fariy luessaires — (;i) First niess.-i.i^-e ; wb.it; ori^^-iu. (b) First news; wli;il ; when; where, (e) Oriier news; wh;it; when: whei-e; effect. 7. Poeiii-;d (piotalioii abuiit inventors. 8. Honoi's ot I he iuveni ion. Work of Wheatsone and Coike. and Morse, VmII and Henry. Wlio. Positioti. 9. Impoitance oC ! lie I nveution. (a) The Bi-itisb Gov. 15. American settlers and the boundary. 4. Claim of En>") Return of Gen. Taylor to the United Stares. VV'hy ; why; receprion. 4. Cam|jais>"ns of Gen's Kearney and Frrmont. (;i) Conquest of Xew Mexico. Fort!t- ; linie; lendezvons; march; work. Xews of Kit Carson. Who; what, (b) C'onciuesf of Califoi iiia. Time; leadtM-; ailvice of leader ; idea of the Mexicans; nature of Fremont's <^\plori^^• work"; wdien ; what; where; ifsnlt. 5. Campaiii'n of (ien. Scott, (a) Sie.i;"e -s. [i-] Su|)port of the VV^ir. IntlieKist. In the Sontli. [d] Object of tlie war. Why. [e] Id(!aofthf ulioii! people. [See Lowell's Biiflow Papers.] 7. Tin; Treaty of Guadalupe Ridalixo— [a] Tiuie — F(d.. ■_>, 1848. [b[ Place — All obsciii'e town in Mexico, [c] Bf)nmlary, 1, 2, ;>, 4 and ."). [Si'P. Ridpath's A(.Mdemic History.] [d] Territory acquired — Upi)er ( 'alifoinia, Utah, Neva- d;i. Arizonia, Xew Mexico, [e] Guarantees of Mexico — Free navi^iation of the Coh)rado River, and tlii' (Tiilf (d' California, [f] Price, .firi.OOO.OOO |)lus IHOOO,- ()(H) for damaji'e done Amei-ican cmmerce. [a] Ratilication of treaty — When ; by whom and procbnnarion of peace. [See AndtM'son's I^opidar Sciiool His- l(M-y. p. 2-1. \ S. Summary of I he War — [a] As a, military eon test, [b] .\s a contest ti- naiK'ialiy. ic] Peciil iarji ies a ^ to tin- ae([insirion of territory and th(^ ii'iininji' of vic!,'n-ies. (ieii. Grant's j lea-^ aboiu it. [d] Presenr belief as torhis war. (AndiMsoiTs Popnl ir School H'siory, pp. '2i'i-'2U). V— rilF DiSCOVEPY OF (iOLi) I\ (ALIFORXIA. I. Time. 2. Place. ."5. ( irciimsl ances. 4. B\- wlioin. .'). Spread of the news in (Jalifornia. Elfeei- on settlers, land, and miric<. (>. Morie\- and the cost of livinji'. 7. Spread of the news to tjie stales, and to the world. l^tfect on emi^-ratiiiii. S. IJoiiies to ('alifornia. (a) ( K'erland . i;bj I'anama. (c) ('ape Horn. '.•. ( i row 1 hfd' San l-'ra ncisce, aird(d' (alitornia Terr-itory to 18"v2. 10. Important f i be di-covery . I'rodneiion of the li rst year-, 'i'otai. Yi(dd now':' 11. Stale of XM'iety — (a) Pia' va lence of C^) (\i) Work of i he l)ettcr cit - izeii-: idl'eer. 12. SnlKidcnce of the L;idd fever : time; (qfeet. ]'A. (Teiier'al i-esiilts — i';i) On ihenrowlh of the \Ve~r. ib) On Chinese [ lumiu'ralion . (e) On the cori-t met ion of t he i;feat western railia)ad. (d On t he i;'iaiwlh of coin- mcfce w i' b 'Jbina. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 81 VI— INVENTION OF SEWING MACHINES. 1. Chief honor. 2. Work of Walter Hunt — When; where; nature; defect. 3. Work of Elifis Howe — (a) Early situation, (b) Orljjin of the idea, when; how; tirst attempt, (c) In vcMition of the shuttle; what; parts; rela- tion of this to all machines, (d) Success of the invention and aid of George Fisher, (e) Tesr of machine; when; how; where; result. (f) Journej' of Howe to Eno^laiul ; when; purpose; result; work of Biirlinjjame. (g) Appli- cation for, and issue of Patent ; when; result. 4. Improvements — (a) Number of Patents, [bj Leading Improvers, [c] Relation of subsequent inventions to that of Howe. ."). Reception of tlic Invention, [a] In the L^nited States. [b] In Eng- land ; opposition ; why. ' ti. Results of the Invention, [a] On Howe. ]b] On machine manufac- turers. [(•] On the sale of machines; its chief iflory ; its growth in popular favor. 7. Machines why m) cheap now? 5. Names ot leading Sewing Machines — Singer, Howe, vvhite, Whitney, Domestic, Florence, Davis, Smith, Dover, Baker, Grover. Wheeler & Wilson, Wilcox & Giblx. Finkle tfeLyon, S)vereiirn, New Home, Empire, Weed, Wil- son, Vii-tor. Crown, American, St. Jolm, Remington, Button-hole. Vli— 'niE ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS. 1. When. 2. Where. :i. Previous ideas : result. 4. Work of thi.s schooL 5. Idiot Schools : number; support. VIII— STATES ADMITTED. 1. Iowa, [a] A part of what V [h] Seftlement : when ; where; by whom; why. (c) Organization asa territory and admission as a State; when. 2. Wi«ci>nsin — (a) First explorers and settlers, (b) American settlers; when; wlier'>. (c) Organization ms a territory and admission as a State. XI— THE WILMOT PROVISO. 1. Desire of b(»th partiejj. 2. Author. 3. Time. 4. Purpose. 5. Pro- v.sloiis. (;. Results— (a) D.'feat of the bill, (h) Brought the question of sla- very into pnniiiMence. 7. Formation of a !iew party, (a) N.ame; why. (b) Oriiriii, (cj I'dsition and nunil>ei-. (i\) Composition. (e) Joined by whom ? (f) Later history. Xotk. — Foundation of the proviso, ordinance of 1877. X — ELFCi'lOX OF NEW OFFICERS. 18J8. 1. ('(inv and (• ludidates — (a) Democratic — Baltimore. Md., ivnt-w- ed til.- plaftcratic — No reofular one. Voted flown in conven- tion by a heavy maj.uity a rnsolufion that Congress had no pwwei- to interfere with Slavery, either in tin* stares of tei-ritories. (b) Wing — N-) leoiilar plart'orin. Voted down in i-onveution repeatedly, a resolution afliiiniii-; the Wilmot I^rovisoasa p.irty principle. Ir was thus evi- dent that the Wlii..r- were nor re idy to hi.'coine .in Anti-Slavery Party, nor the Democrats a i'ro-Siav.iv party. Tlie State of New York had sent two delega- tions to tlic Democratic (Jon veiitiou, the •'Hunkers" or Conservatives, who 83 MANUAL OF UNITED STA I'ES HISTORY. \vito the Tell itories;. Boili u ere aiiinil teil, Imt the Barnburners withdrew and joined tin- Free Soilers. I'ln-y adopted a plattorni, df^elarinj; tiiat Congress had no power to make a slave than lo ni ike a kinj^', and that there should be no more .Slave Stales nor Slave IVrritorie.-. 3. The Canipaiijn — [a] Nature. [ hj Popularity ot Taylor. Why. [v\ Vole tor Van Bureii. [i\] Result. X— ITIE lAKlFF OF 184B. Was passed tiy a parry vore. It aimed at a list of duties .-uttieient only to provid"' revenue for the (lovernment without r ■o-ard to proteeiion. rAYFOR'S AND f IFLMORE'S ADM INISTRATIOX— 1849-1853. I. The New President. 1. Previou-i services, and popularity. 2. Knovvled^'f of eivil atlairs. 3. Interest in politics — Rei>ief. 4. Support of th'^ see.tifuis — Why. 5. P.jrsonal esteem. G. Reliijion and wealth. II— IIIE ADMISSION OF CALIFORNIA. 1. < )rivriu of its iniportaiu-e. 2. Action of Califonda Territory. 1. 2, and 3. 3. Discussion (d' slavery, (a) (reneral fact, (h) Positions of the sections. U'hy. (c) Nature of i>sue. 4. The adun-si(ui of States since 1820. (a) Free States, 12/ Ark.. 1836; Fla., 1845: Tex., 1845) ,, , .„.. (h) Slave " 12\' Mich., 1837; la., 1846; Wi.s., 1846\ '"•' **'*"• ('aliforiiia gave to the north the tfreater congressional repre-sentation. 4 The Oninihns Bill— (a) Why socalledy (b) When, (c) Origin, (d) Leader, (e) Provisions. As to California. As to L'tah and New Mexico, Texas. District of Colutnhia, Fugitive Slave Law. 5. Debate of the hill. (a) As a whole, (h) The last pi'ovision. (c) Opposition of the Abolition P.arty. Lfaders. (d) Position of the south, and Clay and Webster. (e) Ideas of the secitions as to this bill being a repeal of the compromise of 1820. Why. in — DEATH OF THE PRESIDENT. 1. When. 2. Sickness. 3. Term of office. 4. Last words. 5. Successor. IV— THE NEW PRESIDENT. 1. Early life. 2. Education. 3. Religion. 4. Wealth. 5. Otticial His- tory. (5. Policy. Eflect. V— ARITC EXPLORATIONS. 1. Work of.Dr. Franklin, (a) Who. (h) When, (c) Purpose, (d) Re- sidt. 2. Work of Henry Critiindl. (:0 Wlio. (b) When, 1851. (c) Where. Purpose, (d) Results; 1 awd 2. 4. Later Explorers — (a) The ''Polaris" in 1871, under Captain Charles F. Hall. (b). The "United States" in 1800, under Captain Isaac J. Hayes, (c) Tlie •Mc:iii''rf«'." under Captain . Result. | See Newnnin.] ruipose, and results of these expeditions. MANUAL OF rXITED STATES HISTORY. 83 VI— FORMATION OF A NEW EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 1. Name. 2. When. 3. riiipose. 4. Duties, 1 iiiid 2. 5. Head ealied. What. 6. First Secretary. VIM— KXI'KDITIONS AGAINST CUBA— 18.-.()-l. 1. First expedition, (a) Time, (h) Idea of tile liisiuj>entis. (oj Leader. (d) liHiidiiii; ill Cidia. Wjien. Wliere. Results, 1, 2 and 3. 2. Second I'XixMiition — (aj Time, (b) F-eader. (e) Force, (d) Ren- dezvous, (e) Results, 1 and 2. [See Ridparh's Aeademie Hi.'story, p. -A02. IX— FISHERY TROUBLES WITH ENGLAN D— 1852. 1. Oii^jin. 2. Qiie-tion. 3. Position of tiie Disputants, and their Hctiou. 4. Settled. Wli.-ii. How. Provision. [See Ridpath.] X— UNCLE TOM'S CABIN— 1850. By Harriet Beecher Stowe, first appeared as a serivl in tlie "National Era" at Washiufiton, D. C. It h;is been translated into many lanu;uaiie<, and been spread broadeast over ilie whole umld. It had the greatest influenee in inouP dinji' and streii>rtlieiiiii\sel I w.is appuiii ted Superintendent and was sent to Enropi', u itii $20,000 to l)ny books. He olitained 20,000 volumes in four rnontlis, w liicli were increased to 70,000 when the biiiidiug was opened Janu- ary 20, 18.54. Tliis magnirtcHiit be(piest has proved a gr.^at blessing to New York. .Will — ELECTION OF NEW (OFFICERS. 18.52. 1. ('onventious and eandidates and pi itfonns: (a) Democraiie — Biliiniore. Maryland, dune 1. Nominated Franklin Pierce, of New Hauipsliire, an I Win. R. Iving of Al lOani i. If endorsed the Keatindiy ;i;i:l V^iri'lni i rcsoliitio:is of 17i)8, an I pli-dg^-d snppoi-t to the com- promise of 1850, inidudiiiii the I'^igitive Slave Law. (I)) I'lie Whig, BiUimoiv. M ii y I in I, -I nn- 1(3. n>minite| ijr'ix. Wintield Sritft, of \^irginia. ami W'ni. .\. (iraham, ol' Non li (J irolin i. It likewise en- dorsed the eoni|ii oinise of 1850, ini-liuliiig the Fugitive Slave Law. (c) Tie Fivi- Soil Party noniin.iie I John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, and George W. Julian, of Indiana. ( l"he Apo-taif Julian.) Itdeidareil slaverj^ as a sin against (iod. and a crime ag.ainsi man; and denouiu-ed i he compromise of 1850; and the two panics who sui>portHi| it. The Whig party in this cam- paign was then lorcihly said to liavi' ilied "of an attempt to ssvallow the Fu- gitive Slave Law. 2. The campjiign — Its n.itnn'. 3. The )a-u!i. XVll -SLAV FRY IROUBLES 1. 'I'hc ( apture of Fugitive Slave — (a) Of a slave at Detroit, Mi(diigan, (Jeiober, 1850. Such ;in cxcitcnieni aiosc that the military hail to be called out. The citizens linally raiscil .•|;50(), .and bought him of his claimant, (b) DeceiMbei-23, 1850: a fiigiiivc slave n.anied Hemy Long. arres;ed in Nevk York and rediiiic'l lo liisclaimirii by ihe.Jnd^c. {<■ ) lirei! liiii of ier tried to capture his slave at Ciirisiian I. I'enii»y I vaiii.a. Tic niasier wa- killeil in the etlort. This trial cost ihe riiileil Stales !);7().()()o. ;i,i(l noboily w .a> con victcil . 2. The oiieiatioMs of til.' Kngilive Slave L I w— [;i] (icnetal fact, [hj'idie act of the slave, .\1 .aig i ri'i ( i.i riier. Wiiat. Wlier'-. Tc] i'he arrest of .\nthony Bin IIS. I'ldc'-i. |i|! Oblig ilioiLS of [tiivate citizens as to the law. Effect. (Bun.,-" Kiot. '\ ' " MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. R5 S. 'I'lie |)a.es:ia:f of Mfis I)y State Lejiislutufes lo ureveiit the operation of tlie Fdiijitive Slave Law. 4— THE LXDERGROUND RAILROAD. [a] Wlijit. [Ill Purpose and work. [I'j President — Levi Cotiiii, of ('inciiiiiati. [i\] VVoiU nt Abolitioni>:s aixl Quaiiei-,-;. [e] OI)ject of tlie slave-! in eseapiiitj? Why? [f] Method (»f Pseape on ilieeoast. [£] Story itf the LTiiderijromid Riilroad. [h] Belief of the Abolitionists. Action. FRAXIvLIX PIERCE'S ADMIXLS TRATIOX. 1853-7. 1. The New President. 1. Position HS a hiwyer and sfatessniMn. 2. Edneation, i-eiiirion and vveaUii. 8. Pled<;e to his Party — S3'nipathies and influence. 4. His otlieial history. 5. ('ondu<-t in the war of Union. Il-I'HE GADSDEN PURCHASE. 1853. L The maps of tiie treaty of Gnadahipe and Hidaijjo. 2. Tlie disputeil territory — The Messila Valley. Where; value; \vh}' wanted by the United States? 3. Price. 4. Guarantees of Mexico as to Golf of Callforni a, and the Colorado river. 5. Whysoeiiiled? Orjiauized intoy 111— i'lIE WORLD'S FAIR AT NEW YORK. 1853. 1. Tlie l'\iir of Entrland ; when; where; kind of buildlnjj; loader; invi- tation. •J. The Fail- of the United States ; when; where; building and nature ; attendance. 3. Tiie p'air of P^rance; when; where. 4. Later International Fairs; where; when. 5. Result as to ideas of progress, and mutual acquaintance and respect. IV— TREATY WITH JAPAN. 1853. 1. Whv di'sirabie. 2. Effect of the jealousy of the Japanese. 3. Expedition of the United States, (a) Leader, (b) Object, (c; Land- ing of the fleet and procession, (d) Results — On Japanese advancement; on commerce. V— THE PACIFIC RAILROAD S^^HEMES. 1. Proposal of Whitney — When; what; result. 2. Proposal of Degrand. When; what; result. 3. Completion of the Panama railroad. Time; place; by whom ; length 471^ miles; co-t $7,000,000; eftect. 4. A corps of engineer sent out bv tiie United States — [a] When. [1)1 Where. [c] Pur|)ose. [dj Work. One party explor- ed from St. Paul to Puiret Sound. Another explored to the Pacificon the 36th parallel, .\notiier explored to the Pacific bv way of Great .Salt Lake in Utah. Another from some point on the lower Alississippi to the coast of California to at San Diego. VI — .V.MERICAN REAPERS. 1855. A trial between reaping machines of all nations was held at Par's in 1855. Machines were prcsiMi' fro'ii England, .\lgeria, and the United States. The American* shuwed entire suijcrioriiy, cutting au acre of oats in 22 minutes, m .MAXUAl. OF UNITED STa lES HISTORY while it t(n)l< I lie Eiiifjish 6(J miiiiitHs. an I tlii- Alo|;tM-iiiiw 72 iniiiures. The eii- lliiisia.-m oil tlie |iair of sviriiesses was iiubnuiided. A trial between tiire^iiers was heliJ sii at'ier in Enulanil, aiul :i;fain in Franee wirli the same resnit. Th 'se vii'ories t'nv An)eiican ni ichinists <;-ieatly inL'reased the exportation of Aiueriran inachincrv to foreiijn countries. VII— rHE ASSOCIATED PRESS. 1855. Tiiis association was formed by the New Yoik daily papers in order to distribule the tt'lei:i-:i phic new« most eX|)editionsly . It has assnined innnen>e proportions in late years. Yin — BIRTH OF THE REPUBMCAX PARI'Y. 1854. Tlie first nioveinenr lor the or ninni- bers i.f rliat frontier town inansuratea movement whi<'h was destined to sweep and control the Nition ; and which did sweep the country, aufl cliau<;e (uitire- ly the ixdicy of the Ooverument." Wirh this movement were soon identified nio-t of tilt' WhiiT'^. tlie I''reesoiler.s, the .Aliolitionists, and the .\uti-Slavery Democr.it-i ; and in the eMmp;ii'/n 185fi showed its new, but even then, irijianlie power. [See Nf-uinan, pa*r»^517.] XI— ORirUN OF THE KN< )W-X(yrHI YG PAR'IY. 1852. "It 'I p pea red in 1852. a< a secret, oitli-b mnd p u'tv. of whot rndic<, then owned cliietly by Enshind and France. To prevent thi<. France ai;d Enjihind ask the Unirerl States to enter into a treaty witli ihcni which shonld sccnre ('nba to Spain, b\' ajjreein^i to disclaim "now and t'oiever hereafter, all intention to obtain |iosses.s!ioii of the Inland of Cul).i,"' and " to di\ver ih in Spain." [See Monroe Doctrine.] This ended t he disciission of the 'I'ripartite ri'eaty. [See I.o«sinff.] Xr— THE OSTEXD CIRCULAR. 1854. In Ani:iist, Is."i4, tiie President ordered Mr. Bnchan.an, then American emhas-i.ador at T^ondon. Mr. Mas(m, embassador .at Paris, and Mr. Soule, em- bass idor .at Madrid, to meet at some convenient i)lace, and confer on some me.-ins of settlinsr the difHcnlties aliont Cnba, and traininu: possession by nni-- ciiase or otherwise of the Island. They accordin^lv met at Ostenil. a town of l'.elL''iiim. , and afterward at Aix-la-Ch;ipellc. and aftei' ,a week's deliberation embodied iheir views in the Ostend circnlar. It recommended the purchase of Cuba if p(wsil)le; if not. the acquisition of it bv force. "If Si)ain," said the Circular, "actuated by stubborn pride .and ti false .sense of honor, should re- fuse to iisririitii>ii-, Lcgislatiires, Capitals an. I t!ie lival Delegates ill C'i!l)r. Time, Sepleiii- ber 2, 18.35. Pnwi-rs; results. XV— rilE CON'TESl' FOR SFEAKEIi OF I'llE HOLkSE. 1. When. 2. Who. XiiMiber of ballots. 4. Leni>fii ot time. ."). Kesnk. XVI— THE TARIFF OF 18.57. P.i>-e(i by Ixitii bouses and t>ecame a law. It redueed duties on imports to ., lower lai.- than ilio.«;e of any Tariff sinee 181G. Tlie Tariffs w.'re nearly where tl>ey \\i_'v9 in 181G. XVll— ASSAULT ON CIL\S. SUMNER, MAY 2i'. 18.-)G. 1. Willi. -J. Occasion. •'!. Ass.ijlanr. 4. EfiVcts on Sunjiier. 5. EtteiM on the North. G. Effect on Brooks. 7. Effeet on the South. Brooks, upon returning; lo <;olund)ia, S. C, Aiiuust 2".), w.is liranted a public reeeptimi and pre.-ented with a tine .d th<' i-epe;d of the Missouri Compronii>e. Nominated Millianl Fiilmoro, of New York, and AndievvJ. Donel.son, of Tennessee. These nominations Init not the iilatforms were accepted by the rentnants of the «ir«';i!' VVhi;j: wi-eek at B.-ilfiiriorc, Septemlier 17. [It] Democratic, June 2, at Cincinnati. Adopted the earlier platforms, condemneil Know Nothinjri-im, approved the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, .and the subsrirution of Squattei' Sovereio:nty, for the comiiroinise of 1820. It nomina- ted :;imes Rucdianan, of Penn.'sylvania, and John 0. Breckenridjre, of Ken- tucky. [c] 'I'he Repulilican, June 17, at Piii!ad(dphia. Advocated internal im- provements, thfi riojht and ilufy of C'>n!iaIioii. ;aj As to the pa'ty. ;bj As to iri'clional Iceliii;;. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTORY. 80 II— THE MORMOX REBELLION'— 1857-8. 1. Time. 2. Place. 3. Cause — An utteiiipt of the UiiiUnl States to extend iis jn(Iiei;il .syptein over Utah. 4. Aetion of the Moiiiions — Resnlt. 4. The United States sends an army to Utah, (a) When, (b) Purpose. (e) Result. Ill— TROUBLE WITH PAP.AGUAY— 1858. 1 — Ai'tion o( Paraujnay — Her troops tire on an American vessel exploring the Paraguay Klver. '2. Action of the United States, (a) Demands repara- tion of Paraguay. (I)) Is ohliged to send out a ileet to obtain satisfaclioii. (c) Sends a commissioner with the Ib^et to settle the (rouble. I^. ParaiTUay makes suitable apolouies for the wrong comnntted. IV -THE ATLANTIC CABLE. 1. Prediction of Morsf. What. When. 2. Work of .lohn .) . Craven. Who. Win n. Kind of cable. ^Vhere laid. Honor, iiesults. ;{. Oriijin of the idea ) Parlies. Capital. Work, (c) The Construction company. Lay- ing of cable from Nov.a Scotia to Xewtoundland. Results of ocean soundings. I)e|.th. Beil. ;C The construction of the I'.abh'. (a) (.'ondiict ing line. Eoiin. (Jompo- sition. Covering. Made \vliei-e. [h] First aneuipi. (c) Secon.l attempt- When. Rc'snlr. (d) Third attempt. Wiu-n. Result, (e) The cable. Length' 1640 miles. Extremities : Trinity Bay, Xewfoundland .and V'alentia Bay| Irelainl. (.">) The success. First disp.atch. Sender. What. To whom i'ublic le(dinr free, can become citizens of the United States, (d) Taney was ;ilso under- stood to say, '"Xeirroes liave no riirhts, which w hite men are bound to respect.' "This decision nnirUs the last attempt to decide the contest between Slavkky 90 MANUAL OF UNITED .STATES HISTORY. Extension and Slave Uestkiction by uiriii of law, :iih1 tVoii) this time tlie t'oursc? orevents ti'iids willi increasing rapidity to a ^ertlemeiit by iorce." Tlie compromise of 1820 prohii)ire(l slavery in part of tiie Territories. Those north of 36° ami 30'. Tiie compromise of 1850, and its snpplement — The Kansas and XebrasUa Bill of 1853. opened nil tiie Territories to tlie cliances of slavery. In bo;h of these tlic (c/h//V< jieoplc had ajrieed. But the Died Scott Decision op-ned o// the 'I'erritories, and all liie Free Stati-s to slavery. It Avas plain that this wonid nevei- i)e riceivcil us i;iu by the Free States. This decision showed the failure (if the Snprenie (,"onrt as an aibitei-; and called tlie atten- tion of iheNorih to ihe inijjracticable deuiands of slave- owners. Here the northern (Duiiii'lasj l^emocrats, nnwilliny; to follow i he Sonth tnrther, chose rather to divide the p.uiy. In 185" the Slave I'ower of (of 300.000) sl.ive- ow.;ei's coiiirolied the Simih, the South lontrolled ihe Democratic party, and the Demucralic parjy coutrolleii the Uniiiii. 'I'he Sonth now felt doubtful ot the Kansas si rn;j;;j;le, and had not received the expected increase of Slave States, and United States Senators from the lenitory w lested fiom Mexico. Aftei' the admission of Texas in 1845. live new Xortliern States were admitted, ami others were evidenily alm<>>t ready for applicalicm ; while no new .Sonth- ei-u States ciiuld lie foi nn-d lo counter-balance them. Now, there were but three available courses to pursue : (;i) to add ('ulia to the Uidon. (b) To ac- ipiire territory south of Texas, (c) 'I'o re-open the African slave trade. I'he loUowii)^ suhjei-t^ had to do wiih ('uha of which we vainly tried to ^et possession, (a) The Tripa rtile Treaty in 1853. (b) The Osieiid manifesto in 1854. (c) The ex|)edifions of l,o|)e/ — 1850-1. The scheme for the ac(piiring of new tcrriioiy souih of 'I'exas is bodied forih in the P"'ilibusteriiijf Era- (1853-60.) The i-e-opening of the Afiicun slave trade was already sei'ioirsly demanded by many slave owners. flrerc seemed tf> be a strons; probability that Soirther'M leaders would endeavor' to obf.ain IVoin the next Demuci-atic con\'ei)tion a deid.iraiiou in fa\(nof renew iiiii the slave traile. Failinji in all tiieselhey desired a secession, oi' s(|)aratioii, ti-om the Free Stales, and the fo|-matioii ()t' :iii indepeudenf ii"ovi'iiimeiit, in which slavery would be secured fi om all aU icks or- resi rictii>M-. V!l — I'ERSOXAL !,IBER1'Y BILLS— (1S57— 1. What. 2. U'|ie;i. 3. Why. 4. Purpose. 5. Effect. Vm -'IIIE .lOlI.X BROWN RAID. (1859.) 1. Where. •_>. Atrthor. 3. Life in Kansas. 4. I'lan. 5. .Method of secniiiii>- .n-iiis. (». The atr.Mck and seizuic ot' rhc United Slates Aiseind. [a] Where. [h] When. [cj. Fnlh)wer-. F [e] Result. —Tnir -en killi'd. 'w. W^lieu. Whei-e Bet uc w!iorn. Ciiai-ires. iiesnlt. 8. Fxei'irtion. When. Where. !) La-t act. 0. Efl'eets of Bi-own'-< R ihl. [a] 1 n ee,,,-r-al. [h] On the r he South, par - tii-irlarly the Disunioui-is. [c] On the .\orth. i'revaleirt idea. — [.See Y;iidvee ill < anada : 11. D. d'luu eaii. IX— .VDMISSiO.V OF SI .\ TKS— 1857-'(;i. 7. .Miiiiiesota, [1857]. Visiieil iir>i When. By whom. [It] Work of Pike, WhiM. [c] First while stMemenr. fdj (Mim.ile and y;rowi h . 2. Ocii'oii. [1819. [a] E.irly exiiloreis. ■[!)] First settlement. Where. \Vhy. r>v whom. [c. Settlemeiii.-. of 1834. Where. By whom, [d] Causes biles and 5 neiiroes. [d] ( 'irciimstani'es e.ip -I, an 1 seven !iuii>j:. Trial of Brown. of rapid i:iowtli. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTOrvY. 91 3. Kansas, [1861]. [a] The Stnijrirlo. What. When. [I)] Influence of tin* Presidoiif. [r] Impossibility oC Slaxery. [d] AVhat kind of State. X— THE PANIC OF 1857. I Causes, [a] Excessive speiMiIatioiis in Western lands r.nd IJailroads. [h] Tiie siK-eessive failure of Europe 2. Kvrni-. AuiTust 21, the Oiiio Life Insur.inee t\nt\ Trust Company failed, and the paiiie was opened September i.'-'fi. The Philadelpliia Ranks suspend specif p-iyment. October l;!,14, the N'ew York Banks suspend sjiccie payment, and the Haidr of this lode f' this beetle bco-.tn now in earnest. Soon it wa^ in Ne- braska an'l lowi. Ir reicbed ;iud p isscd the Mi-;-;i<»i|)[ii in ISriTi. and traveled on, rava>;in>; lilinoi.-j, Wisconsin, Indiana .-ind Michi;ran in 1867, Ohio in 1868 and in 187.') it had re.iched tlie ei lire of the Atlantic — had aceomplislied its irreiit tour from one hundreil miles west of Omah.i. Half the continent liad been traveled over in til'teen yi>:irs. No eflforts sufficed to close up the patli- w:i\' of thi- liie.-it enemy lo the potato crop. XIV — EL EC!" I ON OF NEW OFFICFRS— 1860. 1. < 'onveniioiis, pbitfoinis and (:indid;ites. fn] TIk; National Democracy, Charleston, S. ('., April 22. Platfoi m — Reaffirmed the platforms of ihe past Conventions, :iiid deidareij t'oi-a Pacific Rail wny :ind .acquisif.ion of Cuba. The Southern Dem"ci-;it> .illirmed rhe Dred .Scott Decision, and decl.ii-ed that nei- ther Conirres^ m>r the Territi>ri:d Leo;isl;il ur< < had the ri<>ht to prohibit sl.ivery in the Territories: ihc l)onirl;is DiMuocrats i-et'n^inii- to abniKbm Popul.ir Sov- erei;r;il.v opeid\ |-e.ei-lVide Awake-^." [fl] The Republican rallyiiiii- cries. [e] Residts, 1 .and 2. [f] Thr(>ats of secession. Declaration of the North. Deidaration of the .•-iouth. Belief of the North. .Mistake. XV — ACriON OF THF SOUITI. 1. Secession of South Carolina. [a] The position ot .South Carolina. Wliy? [I)] .\ciion of the Ctmvention. [c] Time — December, 18G0. [d] Place— Charleston, [e] Effect. 2. Secession of the other .Southern .States: Mississippi, Jaiuniry 9. T)l : Floiida, .)ainiar\- 10, "(Jl ; .Maliama, .ruin.iry 11, '(il ; fieorgia, daiiuary IS, '(51; liOiiisiani. .lannaiy 2(i. February 1; \'iri;inia, .\pril 17, "'31; .Arkansas. May G, '(il : Teiiiies-ae. May 7, '(51: North Cnadina, May 20,(11. .'{. -Vciioii of Soiiihern ('onLTresMneii, I )epart nnnt . Army, anil nav)' olHceis. -1. Formation of the Southern ( 'onfederat-y : [jij Time, [b] Place, [c] Members, [dj .Name of (Jos cn.ment . [e] Nature of the Constitution, [f Presidein and N'ice Pi-e-iilei; t. [g] Cabinet — Member- and officers. [h] .Vppoin; hienf of eonimittees — AVhai. [i] .\dopfion of !i flag — .a blue union w ith a idrcle of seven stars asid three bars — the n|>perand lower red, the middle w iiiie. It was intendeil to add .stars fm- the other st.ates whenever lliey shoidd seeede. .">. lii-adinii Sonthei tiers who aided in bringing about sece,ssioii. J. Jellerson Davl.-, of Mis^sissiiipi. 2. John Slidell, of Louisiana. 3, MAXTAL OF UXITEI) STA TRS HISTORY. 93 Jiidah P. BeiiJHiriiii, (»t L(>iii.M.iii;i. 4. W'illiiim I. Yancey. 5. lloborlTcjombs, ofGeoi-'iia. 7. The lilict:s, of S.»iitli Carolina. 8. William P. Miles, of Soiiili Carolina, i). L. M. Kciili, of 8onili Carcjiina. 10. T. Cliiignian, ot Xorili Carolina. 11. 1>. L.YiiUh-, Florida. IJ. Loui.s P. WintMll, Tt'xa>:. 13. Jas. V, Mason, of Vir^ini;'.— Anilior Fu;;itivi' Slave Law. li. 11. M. T. Hunter, of \'ii-°and .■{()'. [li] Slavery recognized, but never interfered with by Con- gress south of that line, [c] The Federal (.jovernnient slioidd pay for slaves I'escued from otlieers after arrest. These measures were to become an unal- terable part of the constitution. ;{. The Peace Cong;ress. IStil, met February 4, ISOl, at Washington, at the request of Virg^inia. It was composed of deii'IXCOLX'S AD.MIXISTI?. ATIOX^— ISG1-6j. I. 'I'he .\ew President. 1. [c] Education, [b] Early life, [a] Parentage. 2. Otliciai History, .'i. Religion and wealth. 3. Op|)osition to slavery. Opinion as to the constitution. 4. I)e(daratioris in tlie Inaugural Addres.s. [a] As to tiie Union, [b] As to slavery, [c] .\s to United States property. 5. S.aying to llie seceding States. [See Anderson's United States Reader], page ] II— IX'DICATIOXS OF \\ XU. 1. P.(dief of the South. 2. Belief of the Xortli. 3. Saying, .-ind belief as to cotton. Ill— GROWTH OF SECTIOX ALISM BETWEEX^ THE XORTHEKX AND SOUTH ERX STATES. A. Origin of this sectional difference. — Cause=. 1. DilTeience in the (dimate of tlie two sections. 2. Dilference in the char.-cter of the colonists, and in their purposes in colonization. 3. Diflerence in the habits, occupations, and modes of thouglit of the people ;is a result of their character, as colonists, as uiodified b}' the intiiience of the cliuuile. M MANUAL OF UXITEL) STATES HISTORY. 5. DiJleience in tlie systems of l.ibur, und in the staple products of the luo sections. 5. l)isa;j:i-cement as to tiie ilividiii}!; line between States and Xatlonal an- Lliorit}'. 13. Ciicui'-istances in tlie Politicai. IIistoky of the CotJMUY, Modify- ing THE GiJOWTH OF Skctional Fkelixg. I— THE COXrEST OF THE "STATES RlOiri'S " and '-XATIONTAL SCPPvEilACY " DOCTRIN ES. 1. The adoption of the Artiides of ''onfe(h'i-ation . 1777 2. Tiie adnjjtion of tie Federal Constitntioi> 178S 3. The Virtiinia ami Kcidiickv Resolutions of 1788-'99 4. The ILirlford Pcuc Convention 1814- 5. '{'he ai;tion of the .Majislatnces .181-4 G. The ac;i in of Geory^ia a-; tf» the Creek Eands 1827 7. Tlie iinllitication of South C.andina 1882 8. Threats of Secession ;if the Compronti-es of 1820 and 1850. 0. Secession of tiie Sonihern Srati's 1860-'l 11— rilE COXTEST OF FiJEE TRADE. OR REVEXFE TARIFF AND THE ''PROJECTIVE SYSTEM." 1. Tiie Tariir of 181(j. G. '["lie Tariff of Croinproniise, 1833. 2. The T.irilf of 1820. 7. 'I'he 'I'arift" of 1842. .3. Tiie Tariff of 1828. 8. The Tariff of 18.57. 4. riie Tariff of 1832. 10- The Tariff of ISGI— Morrill Tariff. Ill— SLAVERY EXTENSION AND SLAVERY RESTRICTION. 1. Ordinance' of N^orth Western 'Territory 1787 2. Piovision of the Conslitntion 1788 3. Invention of the cotton Qin 1792 4. The Foreiirn Slave 'Trade 1808. 1811, 1822 and 18G0 5. 'The Pnrcha: the War iinmy Xorihcni .•md Southern hooks had been pnhliahed, wliose iiopiilaiity depended entiiely on tlie bad ti'(din»j existing hi-tweeii tlie two seelions. Sueli booi:rowth of the country. The ei^jhth census report of 18G(I, "showed a po|)nlation of thirty-one and one lisilf millions of people, of whom four millions were slave>:. This j^reat, population was assisted in its toils by six millions of horses, and two millions of w (iikin;s. The products of I he soil were enor- mous. The cotton crop of that vear was (dose; upon one million tons. The <;rain crop was twelve million busiiels — tijiiires so large as to pass beyond our comprehension. Tobacco bad more than doubled since. 1850, until now America actually yielded a snpoly of iiv(> hui'dred inilliou pounds. Tne tex- tile manufactures reached the aniin.al valueof two hundred million of dollars. There were live thou-aiid miles of canals and thirty llioiis.ind of r.iilroads, Provisions had been made for the education of the children by erecting one hundred and tliirteen ihonsand schools .and colleges, and employing one hun- dred and tifty thousand teachers. Tlie educational insiitutions enjoyed reve- nues amounting to nearly thirty-tive million of dollars; and the daily history of the world was supplied by four tbous.md newspaper-; which, circulated an- nually one "iionsand millions of copies." [see above.] VI— THE CIVIL WAR— 1SG1-1SG5. EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXI"Y-0XE. I. The firing on Fort Sumter — (a) Cause, (b) Conimaniler. (c) Time, (il) Events. 5. Effects, (c) On the north, (b) On the Soutli. II. The calls for troops — 1. Of Lincoln — (a) Numl)er. (b) Time, (c) Effect. -2. Of Davis. (a) Number, (b) Time, (c) Effect. IJ. Action of Virginia, North Caro- lina, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 4. Action of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky. Missouri. Why. Effect. Ill — The Oampaign in West Virginia — 06 MAXCAI. OF UXITED STA'I'ES IIISTOIJY. 1. rinii;. 2. Lf ilcis. o. Fon-c-. -1. E lif.iajHiiieiit.-;. 5. Elf.a'ts. (;i) Uii the Xortii. (b) (Jii .MfCl^lliH). (c) On West Vir^-iiiia. IV. Th.- B.it[|(' (tf Bull IJmi— I. TiiiK'. 2. FiacL'. o. Purpose. 4. For- ces. 5. Le;ulers. G. Eveni.-. 7. ErtVets. (;i) On the Xortli. (b) On the S lU li. ( •) O.i {JiH)!i II- iiy. {A) r.i • cill-; lui- ii-DOps. V — Operations in the West — 1. Wiiere. 2. W'lien. ',i. Leaders. 4. EnoMjienients. 5. Results. VI — The Soutiiern Bh)ekaile — 1. Eftecr. 2. Ineltieieuey . Wiiy. -i. TIio Nortliei-u Navy. 4. Ruuninir the Blockade. Wh.tt. How. Why. VII — The Coast Operations — 1. Kx|)eilifions. 2 Leadei-s. 3. Results. 4. The .Soutiicin Privateers; what: name.-; work oT Sumter. VIII — Foreii>ii Relations — 1. Action of France and En;;-iaiul. [a] What [bj Why. [cj Effeci on the war-tootinj"' of the parties ; on tiie South and on the Noi-th. IX — The Trent Allair — 1. Wiiat. 2. Cause. 3. Circumstances. 4. Effect oil Eiiji'land. 5. Priiici|)le at stake. (J. Mode of sett iement ; effect on En oj- land. X — The Finances — 1. Su-peusiou of s|>ecie [)ayineat ; why. 2. The i-isue of paper currency; why; names; effect. XT— 'I'lie First Ye;,ir's woi k of the War— 1. As to confederate victories. 2. As to Union victories. 3. As to thestates of. Missouri, Maryland, and We>t Viro^inia. 4. General effects on the North and South. EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXl'Y-TWO. 1 — TIk! Armies — 1. Leaders. 2. Where. 3. Si/e. 4. Pur[)oses of the North — [a] 'l"o open ti|) the Mis>issippi. [b] The caprure of Richmond. [c] 'I'iie Block uh- of the Southern Ports. II — The Prninsniar CaLnpaiy,'n — 1. Wiiy so called. 2. Where. 3. Leail- I'rs. 4. Objeciive i)oint. 5. Plan. G. En^i'agements. [a] Sieije of Yorktovvn. [I)] Battle of Williamshuij;;. [cj Jackson in the Slvnandoali Valley ; purpose; eff-ct. [d] Battle of Fair Oaks. [c] The Seven Day's Battles. 7. When ; ^vlier,-; evi-nrs and er^jr,-; of e u; i burl-. S. ET.^t of the whole. Ill — Further movements — 1. Ti'i(> second l)attlo of Bull Run. [a] When. [b] Cause, [c] Effect. 2. Invasion of ]\[riryland. [a] I.,<'ader. [b] Purijose. [c] Engajjements — \N'heu; where; effects. 3. Battlr of Fredericksl)ur2;— [a] Wh.Mi. [b] Where, [c] Le.ader. [d] Events, [e] Losses, [f] Eff.-ct. IV — War in the West — 1. Leader. 2. Purpose. 3. Capture of Forts Hen- ry and Don(d-on. 1. 15 ittles of Shiloh. 5. Braoriy's expedition. 6. Battles lukaaiid C )rinth. 7. B tttle of JLirfreeslxii-o. 8. First Vicksburj^ expedi- tion. !). War in Missoini. 10. General facts .about en>ja!; re^nlts. 4. The niannf.tctnrc of iron chid-;; hywhom; nnmV)er; purpose. VII — The Sionx War; where; when; can.ses: leaders; work; effects. Vni— Resnlts of the Second Year of the War— 1. < 'oMft'(N>rate victories. 2. Union victories. 3. General results. EIGHTEEN IIUXDKED AND SIXTY-THREE. 1. — riiH Armies. 1. Leaders. 2. Where. 3. Size. 4. Purpo.ses of the North, (a), (b), (c) same as in 181)2. (d) Counuest of Tennessee. II. — Tiie Em.ancipatiou Proclamation — 1. Aetir>n of Gen. .Fohn ('. Fremont, in Missouri. When; effect. 2. Action of Gen. M. V. Hutler; when; wliere; what. 3. Action of the Feder.al Army; what; why. 4. TJncoln's one hunilred day |)ro(dam;ition ; wh?n; declarations ; result. 5. Tlie Emancipation Proclamation; what; author; time; purpose; de- clarations; effects. 6. 'I'he enlistiui": of colored troops; why; effei't. ni._B:itile of Chfuicf-llorsville— 1. Leaders. 2. Forces. 3. Where. 4. When. 5 E\euts. 6 R-'sult. IV— Battle of Gettysbur>i—L Le:iilers. 2. Forces. 3. Where. 4. Events. 5. Whv. 0. Important evi-nts. 7. Effects. V— War in the West— 1. Pnrpos.". 2. LeadiM-. 3. Forces. 4. Battle of Fort Gibson. 5. Rattle of (;ham|)iou Hills. 6. Battle of Bi^ Black River. 7. Capture of Vicksburg; when; leaders; forces; importaiu^e; elVects. VI — War in Tennesseeand Oor^iia — 1. Battle of Chickamausrua. 2. Bat- tle of Chattano.ffa. 3. B.attlt' of Lo(d. Battle of Cold Harbor. 6. Att!ii-k on I'etcrsbnrir. 7. Th" Sieo^e of Richmond. 8. Early's raid. 9. Sher- idan's campaitrn. It). When. Where. Importance. Events. Forces. Lead- ers, ;i'.d effects of each, and all. III. War in Tennessee .ind Georjria.— L Adv.ance upon and capture of Atlanta. 2. Hood's invasion of Tennessee. When. Purpose. Effect. 3. m MANTAL OF UXd'El) .STATES HISTORY Slieniiaii's iikhcIi ti) tla- Sc;i. W'Ihmi. Purpose. Iloutt'. Fditi's. Events, liesiilt. IV. W.ir al.oiir the Gulf.— 1. !'!i.' Rp.l River Exi)i'u. Wlieu. Pur- pose. Eii'iiueiiients. Result. 2. Expeilltiou nijiiiust 3Iobile. When. Le;ul- crs Events. Elfeets. 'S. Expedition ajj.iinst Ft. Fisher. When. Lenders. Events. Foiees, .•ind Effects. V. The Southern Bloek.ule. — 1. X.ituie. 2. Effect on the South. 3. l>Ioek;ide runners. What. Work. VI. Couled.i i!e Priv.ite(r>.— 1. Aatuie. 2. \Viien built— why? 3. Leadlnoj vessels. 4. The Ai.il) iin.i. Wliit. C.iplaiii. Crew. Anot;her n:ime. Why. Work. Eff>'et. [See Al ibnn i riuiin-.] VII — FIXANCE-; OF TME CiJUNrRY. 1. Tlu' Southern Currencry. — Wh.it. V.ilue. Why. 2. The X(Utheru Curreuey. — What. Value. Why. ;i. Conimereial siaiidi.'ii^; ot the (Jontendinij Sections in Europe. — Effect on e.aeii. VIII— I'll E FOURTH YEAR OF THE WAR. 1. (^onfederart' Victories — 2. Union victoiies. 3. Territory conquereil. 4. The SiMitheni lii )civ ide. IX— illE POLIIK AL (;.\MPAI(iN OF ISIU. 1 (JofiV(;nlioii>, Camlidates and Platforms. — (.a) Radical men who consid- ered Lincoln limid and irre-oliite, and wlio wisned to deal uith Rebellion and Rebels more harshly, m-f at Cleveland, Oliio, May 31, and nominated John C. Fremont, of California, and .lohi. ( '. (ncliran, of New York. (They after- ward wiihdrew in tavor ol the Republican candidates). [b.] The Republicans met ;ii IJaltimore, .J une 7, and adopteil a platfornt declaring' war upon slavery, ami dem indiui; that no leiin-, but unconditional surrender be ii;iven the ic'iellious States. It nomin.ated Abraham Ijiniadn. of Illinois, .and .\ndrew .Jolm-ton, of Tenues>ee. [c] I'he I) '.nooMt- iniu .-ir (Juic iiZ'), Aui^u-it 5. It came under the con- trol of the Pi-ace l>euiocr;icy (copper heads) and declared that it wa< thesen.se of tiie American peoj>le that, after four years of failure to restore the Union by war, duiini; which tlii' Constitution had been violated in nil its parts, un- der the pica ot military necessity. ;i cessation of hostilities oiio'hr to he obtain- ed. If uomiu.ited Oe(U-^e IJ. McChdlan, of New Jer.-ey. and George II. Pen- dleton, of Ohio. 2. Na.ure of the campaijrn. ''. Ree!aw.are. and Virijinia choose Demoeratie eloet(u-s. (h) All the other states choose Republican electors, (c) The South EIGHTEEN HUXDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. I. Plan torrhe Yi'ar — 1. (irant to besie^je Lee in Kichmond. 2. Sher- man to move north from Savannah, defeat -Joe Johnson, and aid Grant against I..ee. 3. Slieriilau to cut the lailro.ads arouu'l Richmond and to aid in the .sie)rth Cirolina with .') OOO II— THE .MAR(J1I OF SlIERMAX TIIROUGII THE CAROLIXAS. 1. Route. 2. ("iptnre of ( 'ol uuibi.a. 3. Evacuation of Charleston. 4. Battles ot Averysboro .and Heulouville. Results. Ill — Siege of Richmoud — 1. Li-aders. 2. Forces. 3. Attack on Fort Steadmau. 4. Hatlleot Fiv(; Forks. 5. Captme of Peterburg. 6. Kvacua- tU)ii of Richmond ; why ; time; circumstanees ; Results. (See Pollard's Lost Cause.) MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. TO IV^. Capture of Gi'iii'i-.tl Lee. 1. Wlicii. 2. Where. 3. By whom. 4. Win. 5. CircMiiiistiiiice-: of the suneiuler. G. Etfeu-t. 7. Later course of Geiier.il Lee. Efl'ect. V. Fliglic of Jefferson I),ivis.—1. Direction. 2. Party. 3. Piiri)Ose. 4. CapMire. When. UMiere. Circmnstaiices. By wliom. 5. Subsequent Ilis- fniv of I):ivi-. VII.— ASSASSIXATIOX OF PRESIDENT LIXCOLX. 1. Tlie Ass.-issin.ttion. — (n) ■['line. (1)) Place, (c) Circumstances, (d) Assassin, (e) Purpose, (f) Result. 2. Pursuli auil Death of the Assassin.— (a) Wiiere. (b) By wiiom. (c) Circumstances, (d) Death. WIkmi. Where. How. Events. EtI'ect. 3. Trial and Execution of Couspirators. — (a) TriaL Wiien. Where. By whoin. Result, (h) Xumber of criminals. Who. Sentences, (c) Execu- tion. Xuml)ei-. Where. When. By whom. Effect. 4. Funeral Obsequies of Lincoln.- (a) At Wasliinjitou. (,b) Funeral procession. Wiiere. How. Events, (c) At Spriugtield, III. 5. Effect of Lincoln's Death.— (a) On the Xorth. (b) On the South. (c) O 1 the whole Xation. Vm— THE NEW PRESIDENT— AXDREW JOIIXSOX. 1. Early life. 2. Education. 3. Official history. 4. Religion. 5. Wealth. G. Whv placed on the ticket? 7. His polii-y a.s President — What. Why. Effects. S. Heal Estimate of .Fohnson's Work. IX— LOSSES OF THE WAR IX LIFE. L Xumber of Union soldiers called for? 2. Xumber obtained. 3. Terms ofsFivice. 4. Lo-s on L'nioii side. 5. X'^nmber disabled for life. G. Num- ber killed and disabled on l)olh sides. X— THE XAITOX^AL DEBT. 1. U hole amount at end of war, and per capit.a 2. Pleilojf of Conire>s .is to Xational d(!bt, 3. Expenses of war duriu^r lS(i4, per day tlurintf 1SG4. 4. X'ational dein when lireatesr amount. 5. ValUf- of United Stares cuirency. July, 1884. Why. G. The Southern currency .at «dose of war. \Vby. 7. The Confederate debt — Why nor, paid? XI— .MEAXS TO SECURE THE FIXAXCLVL CREDIT OF THE UNITED SI'ATES DUIUXG THE WAR. 1. Issn-- of Treasuiy Xores in L'^Gl by Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the Treasury. — Tliese notes were lo be receivable as money to bear 7 3-10 intere!?t. I'hey were issued because all the b.auks had suspended specie payment and atlorded.at leasr, temporary relief. 2. An Intern.al Revenue Prfivided by Coujriess. This was to be made up fiom two urenend .sources : (a) A tax on manufactures, incomes, and sal- aries, 18G3. (b) .\ stamp duty on all lejral documents. (c) Conipaie with that levied by Engl'.Mul in 1765. (d) Income used for what purposes. 1, 2, and 3. 3. Increase of the protective and revenue tariff. (a) Tlie Tariff .Vet of Anyiust .5. 18G1.) Both u ^rreat increase on the Mor- ' (h) " " '• Dec. 24. 18G1. \ rill Tariff of 1861. 4. Issuance of Legal Tender Notes, by the Secretary of the Treasury, to 100 MANUAL OF UXrTED STA'I'ES HISTORY. tilt' iuuoiiiii of $150,003,00!) to bo ii«eil as luoney. and to bear no interest nor tax; called j>;iH'('nb;R'k<. • 5. S lie of United States Bonds— 1. tlow issned ? 2. How payable. 3. When i)ayal)le. 4. Leadinu kinds — Five-twenties, and ten forties. When jiayable. Interest. r>. Other leadinjj ilenominations. G. Leiraliziny; of National B:inks — (a) Parties, (h) Plan, (c) Basis of eirenlation. fd) The eiirreney, and its <;Miarantee. XII— SUFFERINGS FROM ITIE WAR. 1. Extent. 2. Effect on F^nirland. 3. Ett'ect on the families North and South. 4. Work of the women of the sections. XIII— .MILIIARY FEATURES OF IHE WAR. 1. UnsH of breech-Ioa \\\\i ice. 5. .S ile of lands in 1S3G. (!. Causes of the Land Fever — 7. The p.ioic of 1837, ami thw Later sale of lands. 8. Sale of lands since the war. 0. Classes of land — Minimnin price, $1.25 per acrre. and doiihle minimum price $2.50 per acre. XIX. Homestead Laws— I When first? 2. Object; how. 3. Previous position of the Governmeiil. 4. Woik of Horace Greeley, (a) When, (b) Orjr.ui. (c) Motto, (d) Work; effect. 5. Changes in Home-Stead Law — Present., law. G. Methods of Enterinj; liand — (a) Under hind warrants. [Given niostly for military services by Con»iress.] Time served in the army or navy bein<; deducted from the time necessary to secure the chiim. (b) By homestead, re- MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HTSTORY. 101 strieted to liHadsof fainilie.-^, or niiizens over twonty-one years of age. Allows any citizen to have a patent to IGO acri'8 of $1.25 land, or eif>'lit3^ acres $i.r)0 l.iiiil. They inust live upon (lie same, ami eultiv;it(! it for live 3'ears. Cost, $7 to $i>2. ((•) ['nilei- Pre-iMuption — Allows any citizen to i)nrc!iase at $1.25 or $2.50 per acre, an\' IGO tract ot nnoccnpied novernnient land. (d) liy Timber Cnlliire Act — (1S7;'-S) Allows any I'itizen lUO acres lan Writ of llabfis Corpus to tlie Northern Statt's. (d) Appointment of I'rovision il Governors for the Si>uthern States. Purpose; instructions; ef" feet on the South and Ninth. Ill — The Thiileenth .\mendment — 1. 'i'ime. February 1, 1SG5. 2. Pi'O- vision.s — [See amendment.] 3. Requirements of tiie Rebel States, (a) As to secession, (b) As to the Confederate dehr. (c) As to slavery. 4. Ratifica- tion, l)y twenty-seven States, Decembei- 18. 1865. 5. Relation to Emancipa- tion Proclamation. IV_I)ISAGREEMEXT OF THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS. 1. Cause — DiflVrent plans for reconstruction. 4. Ii](>as of the President — (a) As to the ordinances of secession, (b) As til the seceded States, (c) As to Representatives of Southern States. 3. Ideas of Congress — ^a) .\s to secession, (h) As to the seceded .States. (c) Views euihndied in the XlVth .Aimendnients — Provisions — as to the civil ri'ilits of tlie neirroes. as to repres(Mitation from the South, as to the government debt and as to Confe-re>s — (m) The X.-itimuil Coinriiirts'e ex- pel the chainn.iii, .-iihI t\v(. nieiiibrrs, wlio sii^e with the President, (b) Itssue of :in Adiin's.s to ;iie P;irty detinini;- tiie issues hetwefui Couj^ress and the President. 4. Tlie Extra Sessi m of Ci>ui;-res< — Pui'pos(^; to i-heck the President's Southern Poliey. (a) First Session— March 4. to Mareli 30, 186'J. (b) Second Session— July 3, to July 20, 18G7. (c) Tiiini '' N'ovf'inbei- 1, to t).-ceinber 2, 1S67. ». Tlio iinpeaelinient of tl)e f-'resi huit. (a) Tinu-. Marcii 30 to Jlay 26. (b> Coui-t — the Uniiel Siires Senate, (e) Cliairniin. Sdnnon P. Ciia^e, Chief Jus- tice (d) Immediate (■.•iti'^e; removal of Edwin M. .Stanton, Secret.iry of War, in violation of Ti-nure t)f Oftie<' Bill, (e) (Miar^es. (f) Manao^ei-s from the House, Butler, Siev(-ns, Biniihani, Boutvveii, ^Vilson, Williams, and Lo*j;ati. (g) Ivesuit, thirty-live voies for conviction, and nineteen for acquittal. VI— Til E INVASION OF .M EXICO— 1SG3-7. 1. Theactir.u of Napoleon (II. of France, and of Austria — Purpose; why. 2. The clio~in;x of .-mi Emjieror — By whom: who; when; how sustained ? 3. Coronariou of the Em{)eror — When: where; cii'cumstances. 4. Protest of the President— [a] Why ? [li] Why not enforced ? 5. Action of Juarez — Who: what; effect. 0. Overthrow of i\Iaxan)ilian — Ca|>rure; ti-i.nl : conviction; execution, Sune 19. 1867. 7. Effect on !iis wife; on Eurojjc. VTl— THE ATLANTIC CABLE— 1866. 1. Review the lir'^l layinir of cable. 2. Failure of the cable — Effect on leaders of rhe enterprise. 3. Work of Mr. Field. 4. The work of the Great Eastern — Wiiat: u'ben. 5. Delicacy and perfection of api>ar;itns. 6. Oi-owth of cableg — Xnmber ; where. 7. Layinaj of la>; m:ide ;i territory July 2."), 1867. IX— GREAT TRIP LTP THE TUKOX- 1SG6. A party of Americans after a trip of nine montlis in the interior, arrived at the mouth of the Yukon. They h.nd des'>ended the rivei- 1.300 miles from a tradiuiT station whieh ! lu'V had reached by overland tr.avel. This expedition juoved th(> Yukon to be one of the iii'eatest streams of the world. Frederick Wh\ mper, the •>iti.-t. w.as one of the explorers, and the expedition was in the interest of a '{'(dei^n-aphic Conipiny, which pi-o])o-;ed to erect a telescraphie line from S.in Fraoci-t'o to Behrinn: Strait; and thence across Asia to Enjjland. The information jrained on the trip of the resources of the country had much to do wiili its Intel" purchase from Riissi.a. X— PURCHASE OF ALASKA— 1867. 1. Time. .March .30. 2. From whom. 3. Bv whom. 4. Area. 5. Re- poiirces — [;i] [b] [c] 6. Opposition; why. 7. Called "Seward's Farm." 8. Price. 0. Population. 10. Present condition. MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES niSTOHY. 103 X[— TKEA'I'IES CONTRACTED. 1. NViili (]l('nii:niy — ^V||Oll ; purpose. 2. ^Villl China — [■\] ^Vil('n : [b] visit of the Ciiinese Embassy; when; li'.Kk'r; woik : [>] provisiuns of ihe tieiity. 1. 2 ;uul 3; [d] effect; [e] later his- tory of Biiriiiiii'ann-. XI I— THE FEXIAX BROTITERIIOOD— 1SG6. 1. Ohjt'i'i. 2. Worlc. 3. Events. 4. Leaders. 5. Action of the Presi- dent; what; (Mffct. G. Resnlt of tliis uprising. [See Ridpatli & X'ewman.] Xll I— READING'S OF CHARLES DICKENS- -1807. (rave liis first readi-^g from liis own works in Ame/iea to a Boston" andienee. He was eajierly soujjiit for in all the le;idini!; eifies, and read steailily from [)(-ceniber 2, to April 20, wIkmi he eh.sed with a reading? in New Yoi'k. He received, a ^'I'eat tinani'ial reward from liis tonr. XIV^— DEA'IH OF GREAT MEN— 1865-1868. 1. Of Thomas Corwin, Governor of Oiiio; U. S. Senator, Seen^ary of Treasni-y, .Minisfei- to Mexico, December IS 1865 2. Of Dr. E. Not.t, President of Union Co]leo;e; 60 years. An orator, in- ventor aiid ednc.ator, Januai-y 20 1866 3. Of General \Vinlield Scott, at ^V^est Point, January 29 1836 4. Of Lewis Cass. Governm- of Michigan Territory, Su])enntendent of In- dian affairs. Secretary of War twice. Minister to France, V. S. Senator from .AHchiijan. a \>neral in [1812] and [1846-18] June 17 1SG6 5. Of X. P. Willis, journalist, essayist and poet., January 31 1867 6. Of A. D. Baehe, scienti*t. Superintendent cost, survey, Feb. 17. . .1867 7. Of J. A. Andrew [war Governor, Mass.] October 30 1867 8. Of F, G. Halleek, journalist and poet. Xovemher 17 1867 i). Of Kit ('arson, frontier leader and scout. May 23 1868 10. Of Tiiaddens Stevens, Laud Commissioner and Conike. 0. Wiiat I'ealizeil by this railroad. How? Ill— FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT. 1. Completion of reeoiistruetion. Whcii. How. 2. Provisions. 3. Ef- fects of iliis measni'e, 1 and 2. 4. 'I'lie [)e,irin. (xi-ovvth of niannfacturing. 7. Material ] Where— 1,2 and 3. [c] Work— 1 and 2. [d] TiOss of life in Wisconsin. 3. Boston.— [a] When, [b] Leuirth of lim«'. [c] Are.i of bnrneil dis- ti-ict. [d] Lives lost, [e] Loss of property. 4. EFFiiCT oi^- rin-.SE FiHES. — [a] On business, [b] On rate of Insurance. VIII— TROUBLES IN LOUISIANA. 1. ^Vh^'Il. 2. Nature. 3. Oriiiin— Connictin^i- repcu'ts of these opposinor election boards. 4. Rival Governors, Leyrislatnre and Governments, o. The dispute. To whom refciTi'd. How decideil . 0. The outbreak of September 14th. 1S74. Leader. Who. Pnrpns(> and woi k. 7. Action of the Pi-esident. 8. 'I'he ontbreik in December, 1874. Nature. How settled? IX— MODOC WAR IN OREGON AND CALIFORNl A— 1S71. 1. Order of Superintendent Ordeneal. 2. Action of the Indians and the Governnnnit. .'!. Indian \\ ;ir in the Liiva Beds. 4. The peace commission. WiuMi. i'nrpo-i'. Commissioners. 'Hie niass.-.u-re. Result. 5. The execu- tion of the Modoc murdei-ei-s. \V\\(}. Wlien. Where. Circiunsiances. X— THE SAN DOMINGO COM MISSION— 1871 . 1.^ Commissioners.— Senator Ben Wade, of OHio; Prof. White, of New- York ; Dr. Samiud Howe, of Mass.icbusetfs, appointed by the President. .h\n- uary, '71. 2. Purpose. — To visit San Domintro and report n-pon the advisability of annexation of that country to the United .States. MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 105 3. Work. — Visited Hit! coiiiitry tlie tii'st tliroe moutiis of 1871 and returned witii a report ill favor of liie sciieme. -4. Aciioii of Coiijire>«8, The majority violently oppos'^ and defeat tlie Annexation Bill. n. Advantaijes. (a;. The Inited States (!onld produce lier own tea, coffee and sugar, (b). Increase our bil.ince of trade, (c). liuiieasc of SouMieni coninierce and the gro"*'tli of Soiuliern cities. XI— THE CREDIT MOBILER INVESTIGATION. 1. 'I'lie ('redit Mo!)iler — What; why so called? when orjianized ? purpose. 2. i'tinli.ise of the ciiarter of the Credit Mohiler Company ; vvlieii;by whom; piirpo>e; capital; resulls of the company's manaji'einent. .■5. Oii.ii'iii of the trouble — Wlicii ; where ; how sus[)icion ; iiivestijjation ; by whom ; rcsiihs. 4. Statesmen injured by the inve-ti:iatioii. XII — DEATH OF GREAT MEN— Newman. Henry .) . Raymoml — Journalist and Congres-man ; founder of N. Y. Times; aided G reelcy with the Tribune, June 18 18G9 ■2. William P. Fesscndeii— U. S. Senator from Maryland, Sept. 8 18G9 J. Franklin Pierce — Foiirteeiiih President, at Concord. N. II. Oct.8.18G9 4. Edwin M. Stanton — Lawyer, Attornev-General of U. S., and As- sociate Justice of Supreme (Jourt, December 24 18G9 5. Anson Biirliiigame — Congressman and diploiiiatist, F'eb. 23 1870 C. Geiu'ial George II. Thomas — The Hero of Chickamagua — March 28.1870 7. David G. Farragut — Admir 1 of U. S. Navy — August 14 1870 8. Robert E. Lee — Commander-in-Chief Confederate army, and Pre-ideiit of Washington & Lee University, October 12 1870 9. Albert D. Barnes— Theologian, December 24 1870 10. George 'J'ickncr, LL. D. — Scholar and classic author — Jan. 26. . . .1871 10. Phoebe and Alice Carey — Fuly 31, and February 12 1871 12. James Goidon Bennett — Editor New York Herald, June 1 1872 13. Dr. Lowell Mason — writer of sacred music — August II 1872 14. "Fanny F<'rn'*-Wife of James Parton. sister of N.P.Willis, Oct. 10.1872 15. William H. Sew.ard — Senator .and Secretary of State, Oct. 10 1872 16. General George G. Meade— Gettysburg. Novemb(u- 6 1872 17. Horace Greeley — Politician and journalist, founder, and editor of X. Y. Tribune, November 29 1872 17. Fdwin Forrest — An eminent actor, December 12 1872 19. Salmon P. Cha.se — Great anti-Slavery Ailvocate, U. S. Senator from Ohio, Governor of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury, and Cliief Jus- tice of the Supreme Court. May 7 1873 20. Hiram Powers — Greatest American Sculptor, June 27 1873 21. Li>uis Agassiz — Greatest teacher of Science, December 14 1873 22. Charles Sumner — Statesman and autiior, March 11 1874 XIII— REMOVAL OF POLITICAL DISABILITIES. 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. The disabilities, how imposed? 4. The ex- ceptions — 1, 2. 3 and 4. 5* Effect of this measure. XIV— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. [1872]. 1. Conventions, Platforms and Candidates— [a] Republican met June 5, and adopted a platform calling (or a continuance of coercion and necessary measures against individuals and States until the right of suffrage should be fully secured to the negro. It nominated U. S. Grant, and Henry Wilson, of Mass. IOC MAXUAT. OF UXLTED STATES IKL^TORY. [b] I.ibciiil Republicans met ar Cincinnati, May 1st. It \va> composed of tiiose Jvepnblicans wiio tiioiioht ibat rbe powers of tbe Federal G(»vern- nient iiad been already exei'ted beyond tbe Con^tirntional limits, and tbat its efforts to police tiie Southern States ouifbt lo cease. They nominated Horace Greeley, of New York, and B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri. [c] Democratic met at Baltimore, July 9. It indorsed tbe platform and candidates of tlie Liberal Repnbli(!ans. and t^lius committed the parr^vtoan acceptance of the results of tbe war and the reeonsti-uction of the Southern States. [d] Straij;ht-Out Demociats met at Louisville, Ky , September 3, anil nominated Cliarles O'Conner, of New York, and C. F. Adams, of Mass. both of whom declined. ' 2. The Canvass, Natuie. 3. Tbe Result. XV -THE PANIC OF 1873-1S77. 1. Causes. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. 2. Events. 3. Effects. Greatest. The resumption of specie payment. XVI— 'J'HE PARTOXS OF HUSBANDRY. 1. Time. 2. Elij^ibility. 3. Objects. 4. Growth of the Grange from 18(3S to 1874. (a). X'lunber of Granges, (b). Membership, (c). Savings. XVn— THE SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY. 1. Time. 2. Purposes. (See objects of Grange). 3. Where. 4. Nature of the problems for solution. 5. PoliticS'il tendencdes. XVIII— THE SIGNAL SERVICE BUREAU. 1. Leader. 2. Time. 3. Purpose. (a), (b) and (c). 4. Advantages. 5. Weather predictions for the United States. G. Stations in the United States Signal Service, (a). Number. (I)). Where, (c). Work. XIX— 'J HE IXDIAN POLICY. 1, Plan 1 and 2. 2. The new sclieme. What. 3. Reason f(»r the adoption of this polic}'. 4. The occupations of the Indians. Extent. 5. Causes for the decrease of the race. G. Number in 1870 in the United States. 7. Conclusion. XX— TIIE SPECIE RESUMPTION ACT. 1. Time. 2. Provision, [a] As tospecie payment, [b] When to go into effect, [c] As to fractional currenc\^ 4. Positions of tbe East and W^est on specie payment. 4. Effects, [a] On U. S. bonds, [b] On the sale of gold. XXI— THE ADMISSION OF COLORADO. 1. X'umber. 2. Climate : effect. 3. Chief business. 4. Called what? 5. Capital, and leading cities. XXII— THE AMERICAN CENTENNIAL— Lo.ssing. 1. I'lace — Why chosen. 2. Nature of the celebration. 3. Buildings and ground. 4. Opening ceremonies; what; when; leaders. 5. Advantages. 6. Quotation. XXIII— POLITICAL TROUBLES IN THE SOUTH. 1. Nature of tbe political rivalry. 2. The Ku-Klux, and White Leaguers. 3. Conflict between whites and blacks; result. 4. Assassination ot colored men, and white Republicans. .'). Rival governments in the States; (example) how settled? XXIV— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS— 1876. 1. Conventions, platforms, and candidates, (a) Republican met tit Cin- MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 107 fiiiiKiti, .lime 1-i, and adopted a platform demanding the immediate, vigorons, and continuous exercise of tlic pi'wers of the Federal Government, until all classes were secure in tlx'ir civil and iiolitical rights, and the Southern States peiinanently pacified. Ir noniinalcd It. B. Mayes, of Cliio, and William A Wliei'Ier. of New York. Ml) Democratic, met at Si. T.nids. .Iiinc 27. and adopted a platform which .acjcpted all the results of the R(d)ellion; (including the l.**, 14 and 1,5th amend- ments) and demanded that the Fe(ieral Government should cease to support the ''carper-hag" governments iu Southern States. It nominated S:imuel J. Tihlen. of Xew York, and Thomas A. Ilendi-ick'^, of Indiana. (e) ( ;reenl»ack, met .at liidian.apoli-i. May 17. Its platform "desired na- tional l)an]\ note-;, and opposed the resumjition of specie jiayment." [d] I'rdhituiion Reform, met at Cleveland, Ohio, and nomin.ated Greeo. day Smith, of Kentucky, and K. T. Stewart, of Ohio. '2. The Issue— (a) ('l.iinis of the Rcpuhlicans ami Democrats, (b) The Greenback and Prohibition parties. '.i. The campaign — Xature; work of the |)arties. 4. The Elei!toral (^)iirt — Where; when: by whom; result; quarrel. 5. 'I'he Electoral Commission. (a) How constituted, (b) Whv so called, (c) Purpose, (d) Pledge of parties, (e) Members. 1) — CABIXEr OF HAYES. [a] William M. Evarts, of Xew York, Secretary of State. [b] John Sherman, of Oliio, Secretary of the Treasury. [c] (Jcorge W. .McCrarv, of Iowa. Secretary of War. Id] Richard M. Thompson, of Indiana, Secretary of Navy. [e] (^arl .Scliurz, of Mis-souii. Secretary of Interior. [f] Charles Devins. of Massachusetts, Attorney-General. HAYES ADM I XISTR AT 10 X— 1877-1881. 1. The Xew President. 1. Birtli — When and where. 2. Official History, 3. I'jducation. 4. Wealth. 0. Religion. G. Pledges in his Letter of Acceptance, 7. Nature of his InauiTural Address; efi'ect. S. Position of Mrs. Hayes on temperance; eftect. U— REMOVAL OF GOVERXMEXT TROOPS FROM THE SOUTH. 1. Purpose of the troops. 2. Idea of the North. 3. Ground of removal. 4. Efiecr on tlie North; on the South. III_CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 1. Pledge of the Republican party; eftect. 2. Method of appointing mi- nor ofiicers. 3. Abuse of the system. 4. Ground of appointment to office. 5. Action of the President; what; eftects. IV— THE REMOXETIZAITOX OF SILVKR. 1. Question of the currency in 1877. 2. Demonetization of silver, [a] When, [bj What. 3. Provisions of the Silver Bill, [a] As to coinage, [b] As to currency value. 4. Action of Congress. 5. Action of the President. G. Work of tiie ndnts; efi'ect. V— THE RAILROAD RIOT— 1877. 1. Time. 2. Causes. 3. Strike on the B. & O. Railroad, [a] Where. [b| Demands, [c] The rioters, [d] Confiict of rioters and state troops; effects. 4. Spri^ad of the Insurrection, [a] Where, [b] When, [c] Action of the uiobs. [d] The mob at Pittsburg, [e] Extent of the strike. lOS MANUAL OF UXITED STA'I'ES JIISTORY. 5, El}eci'< (if llie riot — On ttiilro.'ul bn>;iii('ss. [b] On luw and onier. [c] On lite ami iiroperty. G. General facts — [a] Leiii:^tli of J'iot. [ii] Called wlKity [el illustration of wliat? VI— rilE KKVIVAL OF BUSINESS— 1878. 1. lievival of iron trade; etfeet. 2. The Kesninptioii of Specie Payment ; what; liow ; when; etl'eer. 3. Growtii of our commerce; etfecr. 4. Eiiro|>eiu iinmi^railon. [a] Xiimber perj'ear. [b] \Vliere Iroin ? [c] W'hi're to? [d] Kind of peoj)le. 5. The Government ere lit — Status; why; how shown? effect. VII— THE xMOLLIE MAGUIEE TROUBLE— 1877. 1. \Viiat. 2. Purpose. 3. Where. 4. Work. 5. Actions of the courts. 6. Trial and execution of prominent leader^; when; wliere; effect. VIII— THE MURPHY TEMPERANCE .MOVEMENT— 1S77. 1. Why so called. 2. Work of Francis Murphy. 3. Name of clubs. 4. Spread of the excitement, o. Etfei-rs. IX— THE UTE OUTBREAK— 1879. 1. Where. 2. ('ause. 3. Events. i. Leader. 5. Indian atrocities. 6. Eliects. X— HUSH AGITATORS— ISSO. 1. Who. 2. Position ol each at home. 3. Purpose. 4. Work. 5. Ke- ception. G. Conduct. 7. Etfect. 8. Later History of each. XI— CHINESE IMMIGRATION. 1. Action of the people of California — Why. 2. The Anti-Chinese Bill of Congress — What; when; provisions. 3. Veto of the Bill by the President — Why. 4. Later Legislation. 5. Ar;tield Repiibliei'n, January IG 1878 7. ('atharine E. Beeeher — Educator and author, May 12 1878 8. William Ciillen Bryant — Father of American Literature, June 12.1878 9. Bayard Taylor — .'I'ravtder and author, December 19 .1878 10. Caleb Cusbinjr — Jurist and diplomatist, June 2 1879 IL Elihu Burnitt— The Learneil Blacksmith— March 7 1879 12. Williiuu L. Garrison — Greatest anti-slavery advocate, May 24. . . .1879 13. General Joseph Hooker — Fiirhtinir Joe — October 31 1879 14. Zachariah Chandler — M.iyor of Detroit, United States Senator, Secretary of the Interior; the o;reat stalwart, November 1 1879 1.'). General Albert G. Myer— Head of Weather Bureau. "Old Pro- babilities," Aunr>ral effects of this trouble. VI— DEATHS OF NOTABLE PERSOXS. 1. Benjamin Pierce — Leading American Mathematician and Superinten- dent of Coast Survey. October Gth, '80. 2. Lj'dia Maria Creek, author and reformer. October 20th, 'SO. 3. Lucretia Mott, a '.-leat anti-slavery advocate of the Quaker faith. November 11th, '80. 4. Rev. E. D. Chapin, D. D., the leadiu": Universalist divine of the coun- try, at New York. December 27th, '80. 5. Fernando Wood, Mayor of New York ;ind JI. C. Twice a candidate for Speaker. A fjre.at free-trade Democrat. February IG, '61. 0. Martliew Carpenter, Statesman and lawyer. February 24th, '81. VII— ISTII.MUS SCHEMES— NEWMAN. 1. Princi)de at stake in these schemes. 2. The Nicaraiiua Canal — Wheri!; plan; distance; engineer; cost; work to be done. 3. The Ship ilailway — Where; plan; distance; engineer; cost. MANUAL or UXITED STATES ITISTORY. Ill Vin— ASSASSrXATIOX OF PRESIDEXT GARFIELD. L WIhmi. -1. Where. 3. IIdw. 4. By whom. 5. Circumstances. G. EilVt't. The Presi.lentinl IMiie^s — 1. Nariirc of rlip woiiiiil. i. Attendant physicians. 3. Nurses. 4. San- itary :;iiM>nr<'S. 5. Beariu^r of tiie patient. 6. Removal to Long Branch. ^V'iu'll ; why; liow ; cii-ciinistaiH.-e^ ; eflect. Tlie Deuth of the President — 1. \'>lien. 2. Where. 3. Circumstances. 4. Last great saying. What. Meauino;. 5. P:ffect. (a) On tlie \oi tli. (h) OntheSouth. (c^ On the mass of tiie people. 6. Fmiera! cereiMonies. The Garrteid Fund— ]. Wliat. 2. Purpose. ^i. Leading contributors. 4. Originators. 5. AmoMut. IX— THE NEW PRESIDENT. 1. Birtli — Wlieti and wliere. 2. Early life. 3. Education. 4. Religion. 5. Wealth. (J. Oflieiil history. 7. Position in his party. 8. Cabinet chang- es. 9. Pulley. 10. Prr>mise of his administration. X— THE GUITEAU TRIAL. 1. Who. 2. Charge. 5. History of the prisoner. 3. Where. 4. When, tj. The jury. 7. The .Judge. 8. The attorneys employed. 9. Circumstances of the trial. 11. Verdict. 12. Effect. 10. Cost. REVIEW TOPICS ON THE PERIOD OF AD- MINISTRATIONS. WITH SPECIAL TOPICS OF INTERESTS. I— HISTORK\\L NAMES FOR THE PRESIDENTS. 1. George Washington — The Father of His '^ountrv. 2. John Adams — Tlie Colossus of American Independence. 3. Thomas .fetferson — The Sage of Monticelleo. 4. .Tames Madison — The Father of the Constitution. 5. James Monroe — (The Era of Good Feeling) — 0. John Q. Adams — The Old Man Eloquent. 7. Andrew Jackson — Old Hickory. Old Roman. 8. Martin Van Buren— Little Magician. 9. Willi.iin II. Harrison — 'I'he Hero of Tippecanoe — Old Tip and Ty. 10. .lames K. Polk — Young Hickory. 11. Zachary 'I'aylor — Old Rough and Ready. 12. Millard Fiilmoi'e — Seeond Accidental President. 13. John Tyler — First Accidental President. 14. James Buchanan — Old Buck— The Bachelor President. 11-2 MANUAL OF UX['X'E|^) STATES ITISTORY. 15. Abr.ih.'im Liiu-oln — Honesif Abe — The jNIartyr President. 16. Aii'lrew Jolinston — Third Accidental Pie.sident. 17. Ul.vses Grant — Unconditional Snrrender. 18. 19. Janie.-i A. Gartiold — The Second MMrtyr President. 20. Clioster A. Artiiur — Fourth Accidental President. ir— HIsrORiCAL NAMES FOR STATESMEN. 1. Henry CImv — The Great Pacificator — Tiie Mill Boy of the Slashes. 2. Tiiomas H. Benton — Old Bullion. u. Daniel Webster — The Cliatnpion of National Supremacy and the De- fender of the Constitution. 4. John C. Calhoun — Tiie Champion of States' Rights. f). Steplien A. Douiiiass — The Little Giant. (!. General Joim C. Freeinont — The Pathfinder of the Rockies. 7. Roseoe Conklinjr — I>ord Roscoe — Did^ton. 2. Quincy — The Adams. 3r MonticeDio — Jefferson. 4. Montpelier — iLidison, 5. A^ihland — Clay. G. The IIermita, from Harvard ; Polk from the I'niversiiy of Xoit h Carolin.i ; Pierre from Bowdoin ; H;irrison from Hamp- den «.t .Sydney; Buchaniu from Diekinson ; Grant, who is n West Pointer would properly be cla>seil .-ism eoiley.-e trfaduate; Hayes from Kenyon ; and Garfield from Hiram .and William^. The non-irr.-nluite Presidents were Washinij^ton, Jackson, Van Buren, 'J'aylor, FlUtnore, .Johnston. fJucc. In, iind Arthur. VII— Till-: FIXAXCIAL LEGISLATIOX 1. The United States Bank 1791, 181G, 18.32 and 1841 2. The United States Mint 1791 o. Keconimeudations of Jackson in the me.-sages of.. .1829. 1830 and 1831 4. Removal of Fuiuls to Ix)cal Banks 1833 5. I>istribuiin<: .Vet of Conu;ress. 1836 0. Speeie Cireidar 1836 7. Independent Treasury Bill 1840, 1841 and 1846 «. Action of Tyler as regards the Xutional B iidi. 9. Panics of 1817, 1837, 1857, 1873 and 1877 10. War Leijislation on Fin.-uice — [a] Issue of Treasury Notes, [b] Issue of Le<>al Tender Xoies. [c] Sale of U. S. Bonds, [d] Lejjalizing of Xational Banks 1863 11. Demonetizing of Silver 1873 12. Remonetiziug of Silver 1877 13. Specie Resumption, January 1, 1879 14. Re-funding Sciieme 1880-'l XV— OLD BAXKIXG SYSTEM. 1. The system in vogen previous to the act of 1864 was simply that uhleh place ihe eharier of .ill l)anks of issue and deposit in the hands of the sevei.al Stares. In 1856 and 1857 there weie .about 1,400 of these States in- stitutions: in Xew England alone there were .507 banks and branches, with a capital of $114,611,752. Ar that time an important fe.-iture in Xew England banking was the "Sufi'ulk baidTiciilt ufc, iiinl witli no i)ri'cious metals to spenk of. Coiijrress, M:iy 10, 1775, uiiuie pnpMiatioii tti i.-siie Coii- tinenr.-il paper, $2,000,000 of uhicli were put tii circiilMtion on June 22 follow- ing. There issues Jigo^rejrated |300,()00,OC0, nnd depreciated so iniuh that eventually ilie}- becanie vaiuidcss, ;dtl)0u>rl« laws were pap.seil niMking: them :i legal temler for the pay tnent of debts. 'I'lien a plan was submitted to Con;jre-s, May 17, 1781, by Robert Morris, for a national bank, the i)riiieipal iirovi>ions of which were: The capital to be $400,000, in sliai<':« of $400 eacli. each share to have a note ; tliat twelve directois be chosen from tliosc eniitled to vote, who at their lirsr nieelin;;- s!iall clioosc a pre-ident ; tli it the directors meet quarterly; tiuit tiie board be empowered from time to time to open new subscriptions for the purpose of increasing the capital of the bank; statemonrs to l)e made to the Superintendent of the Finances of America; that the bank notes payable on demand shall bylaw be made leceivable for duties and (axes in eveiy State, and from the re- spective States by the Ti-easury of the ITnited Stales; that the Superinteedent of the Finances of America shall have the right at all times to ex;imine into the affairs of the bank. This bank became an important auxiliary in aid of the tinances of the government, and so continued to the end ofihe war. Then followed the first Bank oftlie United States, commonly called Hamilton's bank, which was chartered in 17!)1, and continued till 1811. From that time to 1816 the fiscal service of ilir government was performed by h.inks operated under State law. In 1810 the second Bank of the United States wasci-eated; its capital was to be $35,000,000, in 350.000 shars of $100 each ; $7,000,000 of the stock to be subscribed by the United States, and the remaining $28,000,000 by individuals, companies or corporations. The bank went into operation Jan. 7, 1817, and continued till 1836, when it cea«ed to act under the charter granted by the Uruted States, but the same year was rechartered by the State of Pennsylvania, with the same capital. On winding up its affairs in 1840, after paying its debts there remained nothing for the stockholders the entire capital having been suid<. Vni— POLITICAL PARTIES. 1. Federal and Anti-Federal Parties 1788 2. Republicans, [ " " ] 1792 3. Democrats. [ " " ] 1828 4. Xotional Republicans, [Federalists] 1836-1832 5. Whigs, [Federalists] 1836-1852 6. Anti-Masonic [death of Morgan] 1826-1832 7. Liberty or Abolition, [ajiainst .-lavery] 1832-1844 8. Locofocos, [Lucifer Matches] at New York 1834 9. Hunkers [("onservative Democrats on slavery] 1848 10. Barnburners, [Radical " " ] 1848 11. Freesoil, [The Wilmot Proviso] 1848-52 12. The Republicans 1846, 1856-1880 13. Amei-ican Know-Noihing party [against Foreigners] 1856 14. Constilulional Union, [Know Nothing] I860 15. Northern Democrats, [Stephen A. Douglas 1860 16. Southern '* [John C. Breckenridge] I860 17- Liberal Republicans, [Horace Greeley] 1872 18. National or Greenback, [paper money] 1875-18 — 19. Prohibition — Tempeninee and Woman Suffrage < 1876 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 115 IX— POLITICAL CAMPAIGXS— 178S-1880. L Pai-tios — Origin. 2. Conventions. 3. Platforms. 4. Questions. 5. Tinif. 6. Rosult. [Kroiu tlie Cincinnati Conimerc.iMl. I Tlic Pri'sjdenli.il t'onresr which is now alioiit to terminate is the twenty- foni'li in rh" iiistory ofour Goveinment. Durinir tiie ninety-i wo j-eai'S which liavc <'la|iS(Ml ^incc the first clot-tioii of Cen. \V ishinjilon, sixtcn Presidents liavf, by rhi' ilcitli of tlH'ir sii|tcriors, het'n called to exercise the dnties of the i*resiiienti:il ollicc. In thisshoir period of less than a hundred years many momentous political .ind social iiucsiioiis have been decided at oui' quadrennial coute-ts. The voice of the people, whicii in all elective Governments give directions ro administrative policy, has exerte election of I8G0 percipitafed the great civil war, and, together with the eleciion of 1864, bronghr about our social regeneration, and acconiplislied the reconstruction of American society on a broader jkuI more equitable basis. I'lie Constitution of the United States was framed by a convention of dele- gates which asst'inbled in P'hiladel|)hia, in May, 1787. The ('onveutioii re- mained in session until September 17, wIkmi the fruits of its deliberations were given to the public. After a period of abonr ten months the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of States, and, in accordance with its proviL- ious, a President of tht^ Uiuted States was elected for a term of four j'ears. W.ishiugion received sixty-nine electoral votes, the entire munber cast. The vote for Vice President was dividetl among .John Adams, John Jay, George riinton and .John Ilaiicoik. Adams received thirty-four votes, and as ihis was the highest mimher cast he was elected. iVt the second election, in 1792, ^V^•lsllington was again unanimously chosen. As parry lines had by this time begun to assume definite shape, au organized opposition arose to the re-election of Vice President Adams. Of the i:j"2 eleitoral votes cast John Adams received seventy-seven, George Clinton fifty, Thomas Jelferson four, and Aaron Burr one. AVashington's achninistration of the Presidency was characterized by a patriotism and purity which we must despair of seeing imitated. In selecting his Cabinet he was entirely free from party or personal bias. His Secretary of State was Thomas Jeft'erson, and his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, men who held diametrically opposite views on almost every ques- tion of public polic}'. Hamilton was a monarchist in principle, and believed in a strot)g central Government, with little or no power retained by the States. Jefferson was a Oemoerat. and favored the retention of certain important powers by the States, with a Federal Government of adequate, though limited power. Political parties originated early in Washington's first administration. The Federalists, under the lead of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, con- tended for centralization of power in the hands of the Executive. The anti- Federalists, or Re|)nl>licans, under the lead of Thomas JelTerson and Aaron Burr, were zealous advocates of State rights, demanding decentralization and the distribution of power among the States. The first real contest between the two parties took pl",ce at the third Presi- no MANUAL OF UXITED STA'ljES HISTORY. clentiiil election^ in 17'.)(J. 'I'Ir- (ipposiii": c;iii(li(l;iles upih Mi . Jefferson and Mr. Adams. Aitlioujili tlie Federalists ueie numerically much slronijcr than their opponents, they wasted their power hy petty dissension.s and jealousies amon<; themselves. .Mi-. Adams iiavinji served in the capacity of Vice Presi- dent conside.'id himseli and was lejiarded hy his pajty as in the line of promo- tion. But through ihe connivance of li;inniton a .scheme was contrived by which '1'lioina.s FincUney, of South (Carolina, the Federalist Candida e for "Vice President, should he given more, electoral votes than Adams, and should thus be chosen over his hi ad. 'Ihis plan was, however, not carried out, but il created much confusion and misunderstandinjj-, so lliat while i he Federalists elected their President, they failed to choose iheir Vice Piesident. Adams I'e- ctdved sevent3'-one votes, Jeffer-on ">. From thi> time until his death Jackson was the dictator of the Democratic [jarly, and Clay held a somewhat similar posi- tion in the Whij; organization. These two men had been political enemies all their lives, and they now became the bitterest personal enemies. The feud between tiieni arose from Clay's antagonism to.Tackson when the election of 1824 was thrown into the House of Kepresentatives. Gen. Jackson dtMiounced Clay's course as the result of a bargain with Mr. Adams, and the denunciation was rendereii the more plausible when Clay accepted tiie oliic<* of Secretary of State at the iiands of the iu!W President. Clay's ti aiisi'i'iident abilities and high moral character were r.<>[' his life when he consented to become Secretary of State, and, though the general judgment at this day is that he was falsely ac- cused, his course a Horded a pretext at attack which liis detractors have not failed ru use to ;idvant;ig('.^ In 1828 Piesidtmt Adatns asked for a re-election. The Dem()i.'ratic can- didates were again Jackson and Calhoun. Thu campai:z;n was a most reiuark- jible one. Xot satisfied with engaging in the lowest personalities and de- nouncing Gen. Jacksou as a "boor" and "ignorant demagogue,'' liis op- ponents attempted to cast odium and reproach on the charact<'r ofliiswife. The result of tiiis cowardly attack should be a warning to the politicians of to- day. Jackson received 178 elecjtoral votes against 83 for Adams, and he had 137.870 majority of the popuhir vote. For Vice President, Calhoun received 171 electoral votes, Richard Rush s;j and William Smith 7. Jackson's arbitrary and vigorous administration created a number ol rug- ged issues lor the campaign of 1832. Tlie questions of taritf, finance and state soveri'igiity engaged the public mind, and on tiiese questions of national economy the Democrats achieved a great triumph. Jackson's success was even more overwhelming than in 1828, when his personal honor had been in dispute. Outofa total of 28(i votes he had 219. Henr3' Clay, ibe Whig can- didate, received a pitiful 41). 'I'he remainder were divided between John Floyd ami William Wirt, Martin Van Buren was elected Vice President on the ticket with Jackson. Andrew Jackson retired from the Presidency in 1837 more popular than when he had entered upon it in 1829. His extreme self-will and irascibility often impaired the str(Migth of his administration and alieniated liis supporters. His course on public question was not always wise, and, if we look the matter squarely in the face, the financial troubles of his successor were largely in- herited. Hut, fo<- his firmness and devotion to the right, his countrj* owes him much. "Abhorrence of debt, public and private, dislike of banks and love ofhird money, love of justice and love of country were ruling passions with Jackson." The eighth President of the United States was Martin Van Buren, of New York. He was the candidate of the Administration and received 170 electoral votes out of «► total of 294. The Whig vot(! was divided among four candidates. Richard M. Johnson, tlie Democratic candidate for Vice President, had only 147 electoral votes, and this not being a majority of the whole number cast, 120 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, the election was, for the first time in the history of the Goveiniiifiit, thro\vii into tlie Senate, which, bein;^ Denioirratic, elected Joiinson. The Pi-esii!entiHl election of 18-10 typified, more tliun any other, our peculiar electoral system. It shows th it after a!i, the will ot tiie people, and not the iiifinenceof llie moneyed classes, or ofofficLil patronage, determines there- suit of elections. The rival candidates were President Van Buren and William Henry Harri- son. FLirrisou had been a candidate in 1830 and had received 73 electoral votes. He was not suspected of possessing any remarkable abilities, but his splendid military record, his stainless private character, and, withal, his un- assuming tastes and modest pretensions, qualified him for a successful leader. Mr. Van Buren had been peculiarly unfortunate in his administration of the Presidencj'. The country was still suttering the consequences of the finan- cial panic of 1837, and the evils of "hard time" were attributed to the Presi- dent as their atitlior. Besides this, Van Buren was reputed to be a fulM>lood- ed aristocrat, and ominous stories were told of his extravagance and wasteful- ness in the White I|.ouse. The Whig paity of 1840, like the Democratic p;irt,y of 1880, demanded a "change." But the analogy goes no further. The Whigs nominated their candidate aiul made an aggressive campaign. Opposition was u.-eless, and the Democratic party which had been intrenched in power for forty years, was everywhere beaten. Harrison received 13-lr electoral votes and Van Buren 60. John Tyler, the Whig candidate for Vice President, the same vote as Harrison. The popular vote was as follows: Harrison, 1,274,783; Van Buren, 1.128,702; Birney (Abolitionist), 7,609. The results of the election ol 1840, which seemingh* predicted a long lease of Whig power, were soon flittered away. Harrison died one month after his inauguration, and Vice President Tyler took his place. Tyler's weak and , vacilating policy led to a Democratic reaction, which eruied in the election of a Democratic President in 1844. The question of the annexation of Texas was the chief issue in 1844. Texas was claimed as a province of Mexico, and its admission into the Union would have been a virtual declaration of war against that country. The Dem- ocrats declared for annexation, and nominated James K. i^olk, of Tennessee, as their candidate. The Whigs took strong ground opposing the scheme, and put up Henry Clay. The election resulted in the choice of Polk by a majority of 65. Mr. Dallas was elected Vice President over Mr. Frelinghuysen. The popular vote stood: Polk, 1,337,243; Clay, 1,299,068; Birney (Abolitionist), 62,300, The party policy was carried out by Polk, the Mexican w^ir followed, and, as its result, our western boundar.v line was fixed at the Pacific Ocean. The war with Mexico gave the country four Presidential candidates— Gen. Taylor in 1848. Gens. Scott and Pierce in 18.52, anen nearly quadrupled (3,7G8). In 1835 Boston was connected wifh Worcester, and Biiiimore widi Washington; rrom Phiiadelpliia the trav- eler could j;o no r.arther west by rail than the Susquehanna at Columbia. In 1838, Ericson bronjjht over the propeller to these hospitable shores. In 1840, tlie Cunard line or ocean steamers svas established, but ror a long time only "side-wheelers" were tolerated. The first regular ship, the Britannia, reach- ed Boston after a trip of fourteen days, and eight hours. Morse's telegraph, after vain offers on both sides of the Atlantic, was at last subsidized by our own government, and in 1844, communication was opened between Baltimore and Washington. ''What hath God wroiight! " signalled Morse at the capi- tal to Alfreil Vail at Baltimore. The news dispatches to the press "by electro- telegraph,', or "by magnetic telugraph" were meagi-e, while public patronage was so timid that the wits or the day made run of a delighted father in Balti- more who "wired" the news or the birth of a grandson to a post-oflice oflicial at the capital — "as ir the mail were too slow" at twenty miles an hour. In April, 1840, Goodyear was in the debtors' prison, (a lodging almost as famil- iar to him as his own home) in Boston; he had the year before found liie clue to the vulcanizing of rtibber, but the process was not reduced to a certainty until 1844. At about the same time, (1845-47) the SlcCormick reaper was con- tirminsi tiie indeiiendence of the New World of the Old as a granary. (As late as 183G-38 wheat had been imported into the United Stales from Portugal and the Baltic.) The sewing machine deviseil by Elias Howe in 1843 was pat- ented in 1846, but the importance or this invention was not fully realized for more than a dozen years afterward. The daguerreotype dates from 1839. and in 1840 the enterprising Mr. Plumb began to take likenesses in Boston — with small success for some months. Five years later his "galleries" were to be found not only in that eiry, hut in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- ington, and even DubiKine. Iowa. Finally, July 24th, 1847, the patent was issued for Hoe's lightning-i)ress, with its "impression cylindei-" (the type re- volving on a circular-bed, and a printing capacity of ten to twenty thousand per hour. 1. Manufactures 1813 134 MANUAL OF U^TITEl) STA I'ES HISTORY. 2. First .S,iviiiiiies. In the republic of culture there are no foreign lands. What wc most need, I think, is a silver link to unite the iion link witl. the golden, and if our high schools were a little improved in pracrical directions, we think in them would be found the silver link.'' 1. Early work of Noah Webster 1783—1805 2. The Provisions of the Ordinance for the North-west Territory... 1787 3. The Deaf and Dumb 1817 4. First Asylum for the Blind 1832 6. Education 1837—1841 0. First Asylum for Idiots 1848 7. The Astor Library 1848—1854 8. The Associated Press 1855 9. The Egyptian Obelisk 1881 10. The Power of the Press 1880 11. The Public Libraries 1830 12. The Work of Education 1880 XNI—THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES. This study should include : 1. Origin of name. 2. Early history. 3. Leading settlements, (a) When. (b) Where, (c) By whom. 4. Organization as a Territory, (a) When, (b) Capital, (c) Territory included. 5. Indian Wars, (a) When, (b) Where. (c) Leaders, (d) Events, (e) Eftects. G. Admission as a State; when. Note — The o.-der of the admission of the States from 1791 to 18G1, should be studied with great care; since this order grew out of the struggles of the North and South to sustain in their respective sections the balance of power; and whenever this balance moved North of 30° 30' to permanently remain, the South no longer felt that there was safety for their peculiar institution, and hence, left the Union. MANUAL OF H^ITED STATES HISTORY. 125 XVII— TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT. ARK A TIMK NAME SQ. MI. MKTHOD WHO FROM COST nSli Tin- i:^ Slates 820,(>SU. . Rv (.•oiKitiest. . . .England 18U;J . . Louisiana 8!H),.")7!). . liv |iurciiase France 15,000,000 1819-21. .Florida G(j!),000 . Hy piirciia.^e Spain 5,000,000 184G . .Northern RkiuhI. .;i0s,()52. . Bv treaty Eno:laT(l 1846 . .Texa.-s ;ns,O00. ByAnDewtion' Mexico 10,000,000 1847 N.'w Mex. & Cal. .52-2,!)55. . By coniiuest Mexico 18,000,000 1843 ..Ari/onia 45..">;i"). By piirclia^e Mexico 10,000,000 18G7 . . Alaska 577, MOO . B'y purchase . . .Russia. . . 7,200,000 3,559.001 $65,200,000 XVIII— TREATIES CONTRACTED. 1. Jay's Treaty 1796 2. Treaty or Client 1814 3. Guadalupe IlidaJoo 1848 4. Webster-Ashburton 1848 5. With Japan 1854 6. With North German States 1863 7. With China 1868 8. Washinjiton 1874 XIX— GREAT FIRES. 1. At New York in 1835. Loss, $20,000,000. 2. At Washington City, 1836 and 1S77. 3. At New York in 1839. Loss. $10,000,000. 4. At Pittsburgh. Pa., in 1845. Loss, $6,000,000. 5. At New York, in 1845. Loss, $6,000,000. 6. At San Francisco, in 1850, Loss, $10,000,000. 7. At San Francisco, twice in 1851. Loss, $3,000,000 each. 8. At St. Louis in 1851. Loss, $11,000,000. 9. At Nashville in 1865. $10,000,000. 10. Forest Fires in Wisconsin in 1871. $4,000,000. 11. Cliicago, Ills., in 1871. Loss, $200,000,000. 12. Boston, in 1S72. Loss, $80,000,000, Twelves Fires, with a total loss of $360,000,000. XX— DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 1. Lewis and Clarke 1804-7 2. John C. Fremont 1842-3 3. Arctic Explorations 1850—1882 4. Atlantic Explorations under Wilkes 1838—1842 5. The North-west Passage. 1850 XXL— MORAL AND RELIGIOUS GROWTH. 1. Foreign Missionary Society 1806 2. American Bible Society 1816 3. American Colonization Society 1816 4. American Sunday School Union 1824 5. AuMMican Tract Society . 1825 6. American Peace Society 1828 7. American Temperance Society 1826 8. The Washingtonians ,. 1840 9. American Congressional Temperance Society / .1833 12(3 MAXUAL OF UXITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 10. Aineiicaii X.-itioiml T<'Mi[)tMaiK'e Society 1866 11. The Sanilary Fairs 1861-5 12. American Cliri-tiaii Coi)miis.*i(iii . . • 1861-5 13. Tlie Xcw Indian I'olii-y 1870 14. Tlie Worlx of Re-ljoriuti 1881 15. Tlie Mnipliy Teni|)erani'e Mownu-nr 1877-9 16. Revision of the Biljle 1870-1880 XXII.—SOCIAL AXD domestic GROWTH. 1. Manners of Society 1789 -1797 2. Tiie Westward Movenieni . 1815 3. Social and Domestic Life 1801-9 4. Manners of Society 1801-9 5. Tiie Growth of the West 1815-1825 6. The Olden Times 1825 7. Changes iii Dome>tic Life. XX III.— POLITICAL MATTERS 1. Origiii of American Anti-Slawry SoL-iety 1833 2. Origin of Anti-Ma.-onii- Party 1826 3. Origin of Know-Nothing Party 1852 4. Birth of the Eepnblican Party 18i:i 5. The removal of government troops fi'um the Snnth 1877 6. The Sonthern Exodns .'. 1879-81 7. Tlie extra session of Congress 1879 8. The Credit Mobiitr Inves.igatioii 9. The Electoral Commission 1876 10. The Dead Lock in ihe LTnii<.d States Senate 1881 11. Tlie Ciistom-Honse Qnanel 1881 XXIV— IXTERXAL IMPROV^EMEX^I'S. 1. Woric of .John Q. Adams' Admiiustralion 182.5-9 2. Erie Canal— Bnllalo to Albany 1817-^5 3. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1828 4. N'ational or Cumberland Road 1830-6 5. Wabash and Erie Canal 1848-52 6. Tiie Panama Railroal 18.55 7. The Central Pacilic Railroad 1872 8. The Cincinnati Soutliern 18S1 XXV— GREAT IXVENTIOXS. 1. The Cotton Gi.i 1792 2. The Steamboat 1807 3. The Iron Plow 1814 4. The Railroad 1828 5. Reaping and Mowing Machines 1832-3 6. Magnetic Tt Icgiaph 1843 7. The Sewing M;'chine 1846 8. Vnleanizing of India Knbber 1839 ». Atlantic Cable 1866 10. The Telephone 1876 11. The Electric Light 1878-9 XXVr— INTERXAL TROUBLES 1. Shaye's Rebellion 1786-7 2. Whiskey Reb Uion 1791 MAXUAL OF UXITSD STATES HISTORY. 127 3. Trouble uitli Aaron Burr 1804-7 4. Tlie Dun- Rehellion 1842 5. Aiiti-Itciit DiHicultie-- 1842 0. Moniioii Troll l)les l34'i—5 7. The iVIornioii Rebellion 1857-9 8. The Border Warfare 1854-GO i>. The Railro.d Riot 1877 10. The Oklaiionia 'I'louble 1880 1 1 . Mollie Magiiire Trouble 1877-0 XXVI I— HISTORIC JOURNEY'S IN THE UNITED STATES. 1. Visit of Ualayette 1824-5 2. Tour of Jennie Li ml 1850 3. Toni- of Iwouis Kossuth 1851-2 4. Tour of Charles Dickens 1867 5. Tour of ... -^ '<'',-^^->o ./.:^;^%\ ,'°'.-i^'.^ HECKMAN BINDERY INC. # DEC 88 N. MANCHESTER, INDIANA 46962