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THE 
 
 SECRET REVEALED 
 
 3ut|)or0i)tj) 
 
 JUNIUS'S LETTERS 
 
 BY 
 
 JAMES FALCONAR, ESQ. JUN. 
 
 L'arae n'a point de secret que la conduite ne reVele.— Fr. Pro v. 
 
 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 HOLDSWORTH AND BALL, 
 
 st. paul's churchyard. 
 
 1830. 
 

 ^ -w 
 
 G. WOODFALL, angel court, skinner street, london. 
 
TO 
 
 THE HON. WILLIAM DUNCOMBE, M,P. 
 
 TOR YORKSHIRE, 
 
 THE FOLLOWING PAGES, 
 
 WITH HIS PERMISSION, 
 ARE 
 MOST RESPECTFULLY 
 
 INSCRIBED 
 
 BY HIS OBLIGED AND OBEDIENT SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR, 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 WRAY-ANA. 
 
 So intimately blended are the memoirs of 
 Wray, necessarily with the proofs of his being 
 the author of Junius's Letters, that without a 
 general acquaintance with the one, the force of 
 the other would be but imperfectly appreciated 
 and understood. Exclusively, therefore, of our 
 natural curiosity to be acquainted with the his- 
 tory of an individual whose presumed w T orks 
 have excited an extraordinary interest in the 
 world, the expediency, if not the necessity, of 
 prefixing to this publication some short account 
 of Mr. Wray's life, must be obvious. But as an 
 account previously written by a person appa- 
 rently disinterested, as regards the object of the 
 present Writer, must also obviously be more 
 satisfactory than one executed by himself for the 
 occasion, the following reduced outline taken 
 from that pleasing biographical tatler Mr. Jus- 
 
11 
 
 tice Hardinge a , is, in consequence, submitted 
 to the reader's consideration : — 
 
 Daniel Wray, the son of Sir Daniel Wray, 
 was born upon the 28th of November, 1701, in 
 the parish of St. Botolph, Aldersgate. The 
 father was a London citizen, who resided in 
 Little Britain 5 ; made a very considerable for- 
 tune in trade, and purchased an estate in Essex, 
 near Ingatestone, which the son possessed after 
 him. 
 
 For that county Sir Daniel Wray was high 
 sheriff, and was knighted March 24th, 1707-8, 
 on presenting an address to Queen Anne on 
 the French attempt to invade these realms, in 
 support of a Catholic pretender to the throne. 
 
 Of Mr. Wray no trace exists before his 
 thirteenth year, when it is ascertained he be- 
 came a pupil at the Charter House. From 
 
 a Mr. Hardinge's Wray-ana were first published in the 
 "Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth 
 Century/' by the late John Nichols, F.S.A., to whose 
 memory (would that it were not so !) the Writer takes this 
 opportunity of acknowledging his obligations for the many 
 hours of enjoyment, blessed with information, reaped from 
 the labours of that truly worthy man. 
 
 b The birth-place also of Mr. H. S. Woodfall, the re- 
 spectable Printer of the Advertizer, in which the letters of 
 Junius were originally published. 
 
Ill 
 
 thence he was removed, in 1?18, to Queen's 
 College, in the University of Cambridge, and 
 was there entered as a Fellow Commoner, a cir- 
 cumstance bespeaking the affluence of his 
 father's means, and the liberality of his mind* 
 After taking his bachelor's degree in 1722, 
 being then in the possession of an ample fortune 
 by the death of his father, he made the tour of 
 Italy, accompanied by Lord Morton a and Mr. 
 King 5 , for which he was eminently qualified, 
 having a critical and familiar acquaintance with 
 the Italian and French languages, and a know- 
 ledge of Spanish. During this tour it is sup- 
 posed he acquired that taste for the relics of 
 ancient vertu, for which he was afterwards re- 
 markable. 
 
 How long Mr. Wray remained abroad be- 
 tween 1722 and 1728, is unknown, except by 
 
 1 John Douglas, Earl of Morton, Knight of the Thistle. 
 He was a most profound scholar in the book of the world, as 
 well as old manuscripts and in printed volumes. The in- 
 timacy and friendship between him and Wray continued to 
 his death. He loved a jest, like his friend. One of his 
 witticisms we cannot forbear repeating : — Conversing on the 
 subject of episcopacy, he observed, it was of Greek origin as 
 a word, and a tiling; that it meant looking out with a keen 
 eye from one eminence to another. 
 
 b The son of Lord Chancellor King, and the inheritor of 
 his title. 
 
 B 2 
 
IV 
 
 the fact that a cast in bronze 3 , by Pozzo, was 
 taken of his profile, in 17^6, at Rome. It had 
 this inscription upon the reverse : 
 
 " Nil actum reputans, si quid superesset agendum." 
 
 That line was a portrait of his character. With 
 all his vivacity of manner, he was an absolute 
 prodigy of diligence : he could not leave a sub- 
 ject before he had made himself a complete 
 and profound master of it. 
 
 After his return from his travels, he became 
 a Master of Arts in 1728, and so distinguished 
 by philosophical attainments that he was chosen 
 a Fellow of the Royal Society, in March 1728-9. 
 He resided, however, generally at Cambridge, 
 tjiough emigrating occasionally to London, till 
 1739 or 1740, in which latter year (January 
 1740-1) he was elected Fellow of the Anti- 
 quaries b 9 and was more habitually a resident in 
 town. 
 
 a An impression from this cast (see a lithograph of the ob- 
 verse in the title-page) is hung in the library of the Charter 
 House ; as is also a copy of his portrait from the original at 
 Queen's College, Cambridge, a chef d'ceuvre, by Sir Na- 
 thaniel Holland, better known, as an artist, by the name of 
 Dance. 
 
 b He was subsequently elected Vice President, and was, 
 it is said, instrumental in its incorporation by royal charter. 
 
Another prominent circumstance in Mr. 
 Wray's literary career is, that he was appointed 
 one of the elected trustees of the British Museum 
 on its first establishment, a distinguished honour 
 then, as well as in later periods. 
 
 At what period the intimacy between Mr. 
 Wray and the Yorke family commenced, is un- 
 certain. With one member, however, of it, 
 Mr. Yorke, afterwards the 2d Earl of Hard- 
 wicke, if the friendship between him and Wray 
 did not begin, it certainly existed in the year of 
 the former's matriculation (1737) at Bene't Col- 
 lege, in the University of Cambridge, and from 
 that time it subsisted uninterruptedly, without 
 even a shade or shadow of turning, till the 
 death of the latter, nearly half a century. They 
 were not only assimilated in their zeal for litera- 
 ture in general, and for history in particular, 
 but in a more congenial passion, for curious 
 books and manuscripts j Mr. Wray was more 
 intent upon the first, and Mr. Yorke upon the 
 last 
 
 A considerable number of Mr. Wray's letters* 
 
 a Several specimens are given in the Appendix to the 
 present Work, and many extracts from others in the course 
 of it ; but the Reader is referred to Mr. Hardinge's Wray-ana 
 for the remainder. 
 
VI 
 
 to his illustrious friend, were not many years 
 ago in the hands of the present Eari of Hard- 
 wicke, commencing with the year 1740, and 
 closing in 1780. From the extracts given by 
 Mr. Hardinge, they appear, as he justly ob- 
 serves, models of epistolary eloquence : wit and 
 learning, taste and good sense, command his 
 pen by turns. There is a kind of chastened 
 familiarity in them, which gives them a peculiar 
 charm. He is never oppressed by the differ- 
 ence of rank, or by the deep and moral sense 
 of obligations, on the one hand, or guilty of 
 unbecoming liberties on the other 5 though 
 with an attached and zealous admirer of his 
 talents and virtues, but superior in rank, and 
 at an early period of their friendship his patron. 
 In a little time after the memorable acquaint- 
 ance and friendship took place between Mr. 
 Yorke and Mr. Wray, the former, and his 
 brother Charles, wrote a very ingenious and 
 most classical work called the " Athenian Let- 
 ters," 9 to which their friends contributed, 
 
 a First printed for the private use of a limited number of 
 friends, in four volumes 8vo., 1741 and 1743. In 1781 they 
 were again printed in 4to., (100 copies only) but not published. 
 An edition having been afterwards surreptitiously printed in 
 Ireland, the present Lord Hardwicke, in 1810, published them 
 in two handsome 4to. volumes for general circulation. Wrav's 
 
Vll 
 
 among whom Mr. Wray was a principal co- 
 adjutor, six letters being written by himself 
 alone, and a seventh conjointly with Mr. Yorke; 
 besides superintending the revision and cor- 
 rection of the whole of those from the pens of 
 both the Yorkes. These letters, for the Attic 
 purity and finished elegance of the style, may 
 vie with any similar productions in the English 
 language, and afford the best existing* proof, 
 independent of his private letters, of Wray's 
 powers of composition. 
 
 The friendship between Mr. Yorke and Wray 
 was not " but a name," it extended itself to 
 acts ; most beneficially so, in the appointment 
 in 1745 by the former, as Teller of the Ex- 
 chequer, of the latter, to be his Deputy Teller ; 
 (the official duties of which he continued to 
 execute till 1782.) Here was a new theatre of 
 his talents ; and one should little have con- 
 ceived that a man of brilliant wit, of lively 
 manners, a philosopher, a deep scholar, and a 
 man of science, would have made a figure in 
 
 copy of the original edition (the four volumes bound in two) 
 was, by a codicil to his will, bequeathed to his coadjutor and 
 friend Mr. Yorke, then Lord Hardwicke. 
 
 a In the codicil alluded to in the preceding note, Mr. 
 Wray strictly orders all his letters, verses, &c, to be burnt. 
 
Vlll 
 
 that niche. But it is agreed by all who were 
 conversant with him there, that his order, his 
 method and rule, his luminous precision, his 
 acute memory, his diligence, his readiness, tem- 
 per, command of the accounts, in a word, his 
 possession of all that was required of him, were 
 unexampled. His letter of thanks to his patron 
 on his appointment, has been deemed a perfect 
 model of its kind, and that kind one of the 
 best : it is manly and affectionate, gracefully 
 polished and playfully natural, and is therefore 
 given, with other letters, as a pleasing illustra- 
 tion of his epistolary style in the Appendix, to 
 which the reader is referred. 
 
 Mr. Wray's appointment as Deputy Teller 
 did not preclude his being an occasional resi- 
 dent at Queen's College, Cambridge ; upon the 
 boards of which he kept his name to the day of 
 his death. 
 
 While there, in 1748, he took a conspicuous 
 part upon a singular and ludicrous occurrence : 
 — Mr. Burrell, the father of Lord Gwydir, then 
 a young man, presented to the University a 
 statue, which he called, and probably thought, 
 a figure of Queen Anne. The University was 
 then, as it has too often been, a scene of party, 
 which had no business there. The Whigs and 
 
IX 
 
 the Tories were in a political flame ; and a civil 
 war took up any feather as the demand upon it, 
 or cri de guerre. The Tories were pleased with 
 a high church queen, and placed her, by an 
 irregular act of power, in the Senate House. 
 Mr. Wray had the reputation of discovering 
 that it was no Queen Anne, but a figure of 
 Glory, in which character it had stood at Canons, 
 near the Duke of Marlborough's figure, in 
 honour of his military victories. Being of the 
 Whig faction, Mr. Wray exerted himself to put 
 a disgrace upon this personage ; detected the 
 inaccuracy of the title, and was, if not the 
 leading advocate, a confederate in a party for 
 the expulsion of the figure. His opposition, 
 however, failed. 
 
 On this occasion Mr. Nicholas Hardinge a , a 
 friend and contemporary of Wray's at college, 
 and the father of his biographer, wrote "a 
 Poetical Dialogue between a Stranger and the 
 Beadle in the Senate House of Cambridge." 
 In it Wray's portrait is drawn with a peculiar 
 
 a Chief Clerk to the House of Commons,, afterwards joint 
 Secretary of the Treasury with James West, Esq. He 
 married Jane, second daughter of Sir John Pratt, Chief 
 Justice of the King's Bench, and sister to the late Lord 
 Camden. 
 
X 
 
 delicacy of humour ; for it is a ridicule upon 
 his manner, accompanied by a compliment to 
 his patriotism and philosophy. 
 
 " Strang. Approv'd the senate this transfiguration, 
 Or licens'd by decree the consecration ? 
 Beadle. Not by decree ; but when malignant Wray, 
 Eager in hope, impatient of delay, 
 A dapper, pert, loquacious elf, 
 More active for the public than himself, 
 Ran to and fro with anxious looks, and prated, 
 And mov'd she might from hence be soon translated, 
 Dissenting from their friends, a wise majority 
 Supported us, and her, by their authority : 
 And who shall now remove her from the scene, 
 Or dare to drive her from the Muses ? 
 Strang. Keene."* 
 
 In spite however of Keene also, and of Har- 
 dinge's prophecy, Glory kept her seat, and was 
 honoured by a final decree. 
 
 At Cambridge too, on another but previous 
 occasion, not even so much as alluded to in 
 the Memoirs by Hardinge, Mr. Wray was very 
 actively intent upon defeating the manoeuvres 
 of a presumed Charlatan to trick himself into 
 University honours. This fact is gleaned from 
 a letter now remaining in the British Museum, 
 addressed from Queen's College to his friend Dr. 
 
 a Vice Chancellor ; afterwards successively Bishop of 
 Chester and of Ely, an esteemed friend of Wray's. 
 
XI 
 
 Birch, and is so characteristic, that to suppress 
 it, the portrait would be defective. 
 
 " DEAR BIRCH, Nov - 23d - J7tt 
 
 " Some time in the end of summer, your old 
 friend Carte was at Sir John Sutton's, in this 
 neighbourhood, from whence he made a learned 
 excursion or two hither, and studied from morn- 
 ing to night in Trinity Library. This, as was 
 probably intended, has made his name known 
 here : his diligence and application have been 
 puffed ; and his history of the D. of Ormond 
 has been set above Lord Clarendon's. All this 
 looks like an introduction to some such appli- 
 cation here, as he has made to other public 
 bodies ; and armed with his success at Guild- 
 hall and Oxford, will he have any scruples about 
 appearing in our senate ? Now, though I by 
 no means suspect our University will do so silly 
 a thing, as that doting fool her sister has \ yet 
 in case any attempt should be made, I would 
 have people here apprised of the qualifications 
 and character of this mighty historian, the 
 surest way in the world to disappoint him. 
 With these no man has the honour of so inti- 
 mate an acquaintance as yourself, and herein 
 we must beg your kind assistance ; 'scribere te 
 notis, tibi nos accredere par est.' Whiggism tra« 
 
XII 
 
 duced, history prostituted, demand that you in- 
 form us, and that we attend to you. Be there- 
 fore as full as your affairs will permit, in this 
 cronique scandaleux (which you know has been 
 the title of a true history) and talk not of my 
 having made this request to you \ it will be bet- 
 ter for many reasons. I will not importune 
 you about other news ; but your weekly pacquet 
 to Wrest is suspended for the winter ; and the 
 tithe of that w r ould make me happy. Besides, 
 we have absolutely no information ; and Charles 
 Yorke would not write, even about the division 
 in the cabinet : I leave him to the stings of his 
 own conscience.' 5 
 
 The next memorable event in the life of Wray 
 was his marriage. He was 57 years of age when 
 he became united to Mrs. Wray. She was the 
 daughter of Mr. Darrell, a neighbour at Rich- 
 mond, a gentleman who lived in respectable pri- 
 vacy 3 , and was affluent, but having two sons 5 
 and another daughter, could make this match 
 
 a From a letter of Wray's to Lord Hardwicke, 11 April, 
 1760, it appears Mr. Darrell moved in the first circles. Of 
 the company assembled at his father-in-law's on the preceding 
 evening, he says, " the meanest Jigure was an Esquire of the 
 Bath" 
 
 b One of the sons, Robert Darrell, was Sub-Governor of 
 the South Sea House. 
 
XU1 
 
 no object as an acquisition to Mr. Wray's for- 
 tune. She was S3, and though not handsome, 
 very agreeable in her countenance ; her manners 
 were gracefully gentle and pleasing ; she had a 
 temper of gold, a sound and well informed un- 
 derstanding, a high sense of honour, and a love 
 to her husband, which endeared her to all his 
 friends. She had a most amusing talent, that of 
 drawing profiles and figures a , cutting them out 
 in paper, and putting them together in what 
 might be called conversation pictures, giving 
 them the semblance of life. 
 
 With Mr. Wray's change of condition, his 
 habits became changed ; parsimony gave place 
 to its opposite. Adieu to lodgings. He took a 
 handsome house in town, first in King's Street, 
 Covent Garden, but afterwards in Dean Street, 
 Soho, and another at Richmond. He who be- 
 fore indulged no apparent expense of show, 
 luxury, or comfort, beyond that of necessaries, 
 though rich, now became distinguished for hos- 
 pitality, both in town and in the country ; a 
 more hospitable reception could not be wished, 
 or imagined, than his numerous but well-chosen 
 
 a A copy of a profile figure of Mr. Wray, by his wife, is 
 given in Nichol's "Illustrations", in which he is represented 
 wearing a bag and queue, resting on a walking cane. 
 
XIV 
 
 friends could ensure under his roof. It added 
 that highest of luxuries, the feast of reason ; — 
 a manner playful, but a mind correct and ster- 
 ling in virtue, and wisdom. Perhaps, like the 
 ant, he made provision for the winter of life, 
 and calculated the parsimony of the old bache- 
 lor as a nest egg for the liberality of the mar- 
 ried man. 
 
 In town he assembled men of learning and 
 sense at his parties, and did the honours, like 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, with a most engaging 
 courtesy. But he never suffered his passion for 
 genius to supersede the exclusive passport into 
 his threshold of minds well disposed and well 
 disciplined. 
 
 Mr. Wray survived his marriage 25 years. 
 He died on the 29th of December 1783, and 
 was buried in his family's private vault in St 
 Botolph's Church in Aldersgate, — the place of 
 his birth. 
 
 Mr. Wray is characterised as being passion- 
 ately fond of literature— as a man of bright 
 parts and of lively manners, (more juvenile than 
 his age,) animated by incessant habits of dili- 
 gence, and by a thirst of knowledge insatiable — 
 as an acute and luminous critic, a deep scholar, 
 and a laughing philosopher. 
 
XV 
 
 " In divinity too", writes one of his friends % 
 " I received more information from him* though 
 a layman, than from any of the clergy who ever 
 came in my way." 
 
 He occasionally also amused himself and his 
 friends by jeux d'esprit, in satirical wit, and 
 though it does not appear Mr. Wray frequently 
 offered his love to the Muses, what is extant 5 
 prove that he wrote vers de societe with ele- 
 gance, facility, and poetical spirit. 
 
 " His memory too was incredible, so that he 
 had a kind of portable treasure at hand, upon 
 which his drafts were sure to be answered, and 
 he was never at a loss for a theme of instruction, 
 or of entertainment." 
 
 a The Rev. Mr. Wollaston, of Chiselhurst, son of Mr. Wol- 
 laston, of Charter House Square,, whose father wrote the 
 ' ' Treatise on the Religion of Nature." 
 
 b See post, Appendix, and also Wray's life by Hardinge. 
 The cause of so few of his productions remaining, and those 
 being only in private hands, is accounted for in the follow- 
 ing extract from the codicil to his will: "In the drawers 
 of my library table are many manuscripts in my own hand, and 
 some in other hands, letters, verses, and various collections ; 
 and in my iron chest, and in the drawers abovesaid, several 
 memorandum books : all these I strictly order to be burned; 
 and in general all my papers, except those relating to my 
 estates, and my accounts, which my executors will separate 
 and take care of." The executors were his wife and brother- 
 in-law, Robert Darrell. 
 
XVI 
 
 As a finish to the portrait of Wray, the follow- 
 ing sonnet, addressed to him by his friend Mr. 
 Edwards a , is deserving of notice. 
 
 " Wray, whose dear friendship in the dawning years 
 Of undesigning childhood first began 
 Through youth's gay morn with even tenor ran, 
 
 My noon conducted, and my evening cheers, 
 
 Rightly dost thou, in whom combind appears 
 Whate'er for public life completes the man, 
 With native zeal strike out a larger plan, 
 
 No useless friend of senators and peers : 
 The talents moderate, and small estate, 
 Fit for retirement's unambitious shade. 
 
 Nor envy I who near approach the throne, 
 But joyful see thee mingle with the great, 
 
 And praise thy lot, contented with my own." 
 
 Mr. Wray, by his will, among other legacies, 
 bequeathed to his servant, Thomas Wing, a for- 
 tune of ££3000, no inconsiderable sum at that 
 time, for whom also he provided, in his lifetime, 
 a clerk's place in his Majesty's Receipt of the 
 Exchequer. 
 
 The residue of his property, after the death of 
 his widow, he devised to her sister's children. — 
 He had not one relation of his own, 
 
 " Stat Nominis Umbra." 
 
 a Author of the Canons of Criticism. The antagonist of 
 Warburton, and one of the keenest satirists of his day. 
 
THE 
 
 SECRET KEVEALED, 
 
 PART I. 
 
 A long line of literary and political characters, 
 from Hugh Macauley Boyd down to Lord George 
 Sackville, the alpha and omega, have been pre- 
 sented to the public as Junius, and throughout 
 some faint likeness is apparent. Resemblance, 
 however, is not identity, it is the statue without 
 the Promethean fire ; the image of Jove without 
 his divine attributes. 
 
 Obscured by the galaxy of luminaries that 
 have been put forth as claimants of the honours 
 of Junius, the pretensions of Daniel Wray, 
 Esquire, Deputy Teller of his Majesty's Exche- 
 quer, under Philip, the second Earl of Hard- 
 wicke, have been entirely disregarded. It is 
 therefore the object of the present publication 
 to bring them into notice. The cynosure, by 
 which our course will be directed, is that which 
 
heralded its birth, the House of Yorke ; one of 
 those illustrious Whig families, whose alliance 
 with the Pelhams, as a party, gave direction to 
 affairs of state in the latter years of the reign of 
 George II., and whose united opposition to the 
 ministry of " the favourite" Lord Bute, occa- 
 sioned those frequent changes in administration 
 in the early years of the reign of George III. 
 
 The first known letter of Junius appeared 
 in the Public Advertizer under the signature of 
 Poplicola 3 , shortly after the completion of the 
 Chatham Administration. And the author very 
 spiritedly inveighs against the apostasy of Lord 
 Chatham, and the dictatorial manner in which his 
 ministry was formed both in the appointments 
 to and the exclusions from office. The great 
 Whig families with whom his Lordship was pre- 
 viously politically connected, he not only for- 
 sook, but forgot. And those, who foreseeing 
 the dissolution of the Rockingham administra- 
 tion b , from its own feebleness, had refused any 
 official situation, in the hope of coming into of- 
 fice on the formation of another, were complete- 
 ly overlooked. 
 
 a See Misc. Letters, April 28, 1767- Woodfall's edit. 
 Vol. III. 
 
 b It lasted from July 10, 1765, to July 30, 1766. 
 
Among those thus circumstanced, was Philip 
 the second Earl of Hardwicke, who had declined 
 in the previous administration a the seals of Se- 
 cretary of State, taken by Lord Chatham in 
 forming his own. The neglect, the sleight thus 
 offered to the illustrious Whig families, and to 
 the House of Yorke in particular, for whom no 
 offices were reserved, and those they before held 
 taken away b , first excited that spark of indig- 
 nation, which, after circumstances adding fuel 
 to the fire, caused it to burst into a scorching 
 flame, involving in its direful progress even ma- 
 jesty itself. 
 
 Previous circumstances had, however, laid the 
 foundation of it. Lord Chatham, when Mr. 
 Pitt, had in his place in Parliament charged the 
 loss of Minorca principally on Lord Anson, 
 and at the same time insultingly declared, that 
 the admiral was not fit to command a cock-boat 
 on the River Thames . And in his administra- 
 tion, which shortly followed, in 1 757, he moved 
 
 a On the Duke of Grafton's resignation. 
 
 b During Lord Rockingham's ministry the Earl of Hard- 
 wicke had a seat in the cabinet, and the Hon. C. Vorke held 
 the office of solicitor general. 
 
 c Lord Chatham afterwards retracted this, 22 July 1771 > 
 when he again joined the Whigs, and we then find Junius con- 
 fessing he had " grown upon his esteem", 13 Aug. 177L 
 
 C 2 
 
an inquiry as to the loss of that place ; which so 
 highly exasperated the Duke of Newcastle and 
 the Lord Chancellor Hardwicke, whose son-in- 
 law Lord Anson was, that they procured Pitt's 
 resignation by command from the king. But at 
 that period Pitt was the idol of the people, and 
 to allay the public commotion his forced resign- 
 ation had occasioned, they were under the hu* 
 miliating necessity of offering proposals for his 
 return. The conference for that purpose in the 
 first place terminated abruptly, Mr. Pitt's first 
 proposition being to exclude Lord Anson from 
 the cabinet, and a refusal to accede to his being 
 appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. And 
 when he afterwards consented to the nomination 
 to the latter office, it was merely ostensively ; a 
 reservation of the correspondence being the sine 
 qua nom Lord Chancellor Hardwicke's ap- 
 pointment to a seat in the cabinet was also only 
 acceded to on condition that Sir Robert Henley 
 had the great seal. 
 
 With these causes of enmity towards Lord 
 Chatham, the ascription of the production of 
 Junius's Letters to a friend and eleve of the 
 House of Yorke, is most natural and reasonable, 
 and the concatenation of events — the subjects 
 of Junius's pen, as they progressively arise, — in 
 
 
which that family and its alliances were inte- 
 rested, confirms the propriety of it. 
 
 " My first prayer and my last is, may Heaven 
 preserve the House of Yorke!" was the emphatic 
 aspiration addressed to the Earl of Hardwicke, 
 by Daniel Wray, while Junius was advocating 
 its cause. And to him, and to him alone, it is 
 predicated, must be inscribed the statue that has 
 been already decreed in public opinion, to the 
 Great Unknown — the author of the Letters of 
 Junius. 
 
 Connected with the House of Yorke, by inter- 
 marriages, we find the family of Ben tin ck, Duke 
 of Portland 3 . And what is remarkable, the 
 cause of that nobleman is the first leading sub- 
 ject of Junius's pen of a private nature, and that 
 which he perseveringly advocates throughout 
 his letters. It forms the entire subject of seve- 
 ral letters, and is directly and indirectly ad- 
 verted to in nearly sixty others. The particulars 
 of that case are these. " The Portland family 
 had, in consequence of a grant from King Wil- 
 
 a Philip, the second Lord Hardwicke, married the Marchi- 
 oness De Grey, the daughter of Henry De Grey, Earl and 
 Duke of Kent, whose second wife was Sophia Bentinck, 
 daughter of William, second Earl of Portland. And the Mar- 
 chioness's aunt Anne was married to the Duke of Devonshire, 
 whose sister was the then Duchess of Portland. 
 
liam, possessed, for 70 years, the honor of Pen- 
 rith, and its appurtenances, situated in the 
 county of Cumberland. The forest of Ingle- 
 wood, and the manor and castle of Carlisle being 
 considered as parts of this grant, were quietly 
 enjoyed by the family, for several descents, un- 
 der the same tenure, though not particularly 
 specified. Sir James Lowther, the son-in-law of 
 Lord Bute, being apprised of this omission, made 
 application to the Crown for a lease of the pre- 
 mises in question, and the surveyor-general of 
 the crown lands, though no lawyer, took upon 
 him to decide that these estates were still vested 
 in the Crown. Orders were therefore issued for 
 a new grant to Sir J. Lowther, in which the soc- 
 age of Carlisle was rated at 501. per annum, and 
 the forest of Inglewood at 14s. 4c?., though, in 
 reality, of immense value, and commanding an 
 extensive election influence. When the Board 
 of Treasury met, the Duke of Portland presented 
 a memorial to the Lords, in which he prayed to 
 be heard in defence of his title. He was in- 
 formed that no step should be taken to his pre- 
 judice, till an impartial investigation had taken 
 place. Yet, while the duke's solicitors were 
 searching old surveys and court rolls, he was 
 informed that the grant was actually completed; 
 
^^ St 
 
 and notwithstanding the caveat entered in the 
 court of Exchequer, the Chancellor, Lord North, 
 affixed the seal, in pursuance of a positive order 
 from the Lords of the Treasury." 3 
 
 In disclosing the baseness of this transaction 
 to the public, and in commenting upon it, Junius 
 states facts and circumstances of so private a 
 nature relative to the property arrangements of 
 the Portland family, and the affairs of the trea- 
 sury offices in the Exchequer 5 , as could only be 
 acquired by one having intercourse with both, 
 Wray, as deputy teller of the Earl of Hardwicke, 
 was thus privileged, and, while advocating the 
 cause of friendship, naturally used those warm 
 terms of personal feeling, and exhibited that 
 private knowledge alluded to which might rea- 
 sonably be presumed to have arisen from the 
 injured party alone. On this ground, the letters 
 of Junius were ascribed to his Grace of Port- 
 land, in a late publication ; and, though it failed 
 
 a See Belsham's History of George the Third. The First 
 Lord of the Treasury then was the Duke of Grafton. 
 
 b Junius, in one letter, speaks of Inglewood Forest having 
 been " the subject of frequent settlements"; and as then "ac- 
 tually a part of the jointure of the noble duchess." (Misc. Let- 
 ters, No. 13, Woodfall's edit.) In another, of the grant to 
 Sir James having been surreptitiously passed through the 
 treasury offices in the Exchequer. (Misc. Letters, No. 23.) 
 
 See " Letters to a Nobleman, proving a late prime mini- 
 ster to have been Junius." (Published by Longman and Co.) 
 
8 
 
 in establishing that to be the precise point, it, at 
 least, shewed the quarter from whence the ar- 
 rows were directed. 
 
 The legal adviser of Sir James Lowther, in 
 his contest with the Duke of Portland, was Dr. 
 Blackstone, the celebrated author of the Com- 
 mentaries; and, of course, he incurred the cen- 
 sure of Junius ; who thus speaks of him in Let- 
 ter 14. 3 : " For the defence of truth, of law, and 
 reason, the Doctor's book may be safely con- 
 sulted; but whoever wishes to cheat a neigh- 
 bour of his estate, or to rob a country of its 
 rights, need make no scruple of consulting the 
 Doctor himself." The Doctor was also the 
 adviser of Lord Sandwich, in his contest with 
 Philip, the second Earl of Hardwicke, for the 
 office of high steward of Cambridge. And what 
 remarkably shows that that family and its alliances 
 were ever present to the mind of Junius, in his 
 next letter 5 we find Lord Hardwicke, the then 
 high steward, brought into contrast with the 
 Duke of Grafton, the Chancellor of Cambridge; 
 the scrupulous morality of the former affording 
 a very strong relief to the well known profligacy 
 of the latter. 
 
 a 22nd June, 17<39. 
 
 b Letter 15. July 8, 1769. On the subject of the Middle- 
 sex election, in which the doctor again became the unfortunate 
 adviser. 
 
" As you became minister by accident, were 
 adopted without choice, trusted without confi- 
 dence, and continued without favour, be assured 
 that, whenever an occasion presses, you will be 
 discarded without even the forms of regret. You 
 will then have reason to be thankful, if you are 
 permitted to retire to that seat of learning, 
 which, in contemplation of the system of your 
 life, the comparative purity of your manners 
 with those of their high steward, and a thousand 
 other recommending circumstances, has chosen 
 you to encourage the growing virtue of their 
 youth, and to preside over their education." 
 
 The force, — the mortifying keen irony of this 
 passage, has been lost to those, who, misled 3 by 
 the notes of several editors of the Letters, have 
 deemed Lord Sandwich (the co-equal of Grafton 
 in profligacy, in Junius's opinion,) to be the High 
 Steward in question. He was the opposing, but 
 unsuccessful candidate, after a very warm con- 
 test, on the election of Lord Hardwicke to that 
 distinguished office \ and was also equally unsuc- 
 
 a This has been the case with " Atticus Secundus " , the 
 editor of a neat and well got up pocket edition of Junius's Let- 
 ters, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. See also that 
 only complete and truly valuable edition of the Letters, in 3 
 vols. 8vo. edited by the late Dr. Mason Good. 
 
10 
 
 cessful in the subsequent attempt, by proceed- 
 ings in the Court of King's Bench, to set aside 
 the election. This violence of opposition on the 
 part of Lord Sandwich, we would here take 
 occasion to remark, combined with his unfeeling 
 disrespectful conduct, in publicly canvassing 
 for the office previous to the vacancy, even while 
 Lord Hardwicke's father, the venerable Lord 
 Chancellor, who then held it, was in his last ill- 
 ness, naturally engendered sentiments of ani- 
 mosity against him in the bosoms of that noble- 
 man and his friends \ and that, hence, is deve- 
 loped the hitherto unattempted and unexplained 
 cause of Junius's repeated invectives against 
 Lord Sandwich. And in assuming Lord 
 Hardwicke's friend Wray to be Junius, we ac- 
 count for the knowledge the latter displays on 
 this, and several other occasions of Cambridge 
 University men and matters, of so local a nature 
 as would only be adverted to by one having 
 connexion with both. 
 
 And we would here observe, that the scenes, 
 as well as the dramatis personam of Junius's per- 
 formances, give us no faint idea of his accus- 
 tomed haunts. Lord Hardwicke had not only 
 a seat at Wimple, in the neighbourhood of Cam- 
 bridge, but another at Wrest, in the adjoining 
 
11 
 
 county of Bedford, in the immediate vicinity of 
 Woburn, the seat of the Duke of Bedford. 
 Hence then we trace the source from whence 
 Junius (identifying him with Wray) drew those 
 anecdotes relating to the Duke of Bedford and 
 his associates, Lords Gower, Weymouth, and 
 Sandwich a , and of his Grace's conduct as 
 " the little tyrant of a little corporation." b 
 
 The next evidence to be submitted from the 
 Letters of Junius of the author's connexion with 
 the House of Yorke, is of so forcible a kind as 
 to place the point in question beyond a doubt. 
 
 Towards the close of the year 1769, during 
 the prorogation of parliament, extraordinary ef- 
 forts were made by the powerful Whig families 
 in opposition, to strengthen their party, with a 
 view of a change of ministry in the following 
 session. Their efforts were so far successful as 
 to win over the Lord Chancellor Camden, the 
 Marquis of Granby, and some others. In allu- 
 
 a Junius terms them three of the Duke of Bedford's " de- 
 pendents." Letter 23. Sept. 19, 1769. 
 
 b Letter 23. On the 4th Sept. 1769, being the day of elec- 
 tion of Mayor and Bailiffs of Bedford, a successful attempt was 
 made to liberate the borough from his Grace's influence. In 
 this political struggle Home Tooke took a prominent part, 
 and was elected a freeman by the corporation, in opposition to 
 the wishes of the duke even in his own borough. Stephens's 
 Memoirs of J. Home Tooke, vol. i. p. 107. 
 
12 
 
 sion to this, Junius, in a private note to Wood- 
 fall, of the date of the 26th of December, 1769, 
 thus writes : " I doubt much whether I shall 
 ever have the pleasure of knowing you, but if. 
 things take the turn I expect, you shall know 
 me by my works." His predictions of the day 
 were generally, as it were, the experience of 
 the morrow. On the 9th of the following 
 month, the brief interval of only twelve days, 
 Lord Camden made his memorable speech, im- 
 peaching the conduct of ministry, in seating 
 Mr. Luttrell for Middlesex, and his dismissal 
 from office immediately ensued. Thus things 
 began to take the turn Junius anticipated. A 
 sad reverse, however, occurred. While the mi- 
 nistry were in confusion, by the vacancy occa- 
 sioned in the chancellorship, and momentarily 
 expecting a dissolution, from the extreme em- 
 barrassment in finding a fit successor, the Hon. 
 Charles Yorke, overcome by the powerful influ- 
 ence of the repeated personal entreaty of his 
 sovereign, secretly instigated by the Duke of 
 Grafton, became a renegado to his party, and by 
 that act, Lord Chancellor of England. But, 
 alasl in three days afterwards he was no more. 
 The discovery, that in accepting the great seal, 
 he had become the dupe — the tool of the king, 
 and of the Duke of Grafton j the reproaches of 
 
13 
 
 his brother; the displeasure of Lord Rockingham, 
 and of his former political friends, unsettled a 
 mind capable of bearing every thing but disho- 
 nour, and, in an evil hour, his career was ter- 
 minated by a death, sudden as it was violent. 
 
 Now, mark the conduct of the Argus-eyed 
 Junius during the occurrence of these important 
 changes. He sleeps. This tale-bearing mes- 
 senger of the great Jove of his idolatry— the 
 people — opens not his mouth. Wracked at one 
 moment by the anticipated realization of his 
 fondest hopes, and confounded in the other by 
 their unforeseen and appalling destruction, not 
 a letter escapes him from the month of Decem- 
 ber, 1769, to the 14th of February, I77O. And 
 when he again addresses himself to his former 
 task, " how different, and yet how like the 
 same." The iron of disappointment seems to 
 have entered his soul. It is then, and from that 
 time only, that Junius oversteps the bounds of 
 moderation, of decency, and discretion. His 
 sarcastic irony is changed into the most virulent 
 invective, whenever the king or the Duke of 
 Grafton is the subject of his vituperation. And, 
 on no occasion so much so, as when the death 
 of poor Yorke, as he affectionately calls him, is 
 the topic. How clearly does this unfold the 
 
14 
 
 cause of those hitherto inexplicable and appa- 
 rently wanton attacks upon the king. And, 
 what is truly remarkable, as a corroborative cir- 
 cumstance in the connection we are establishing, 
 the very first communication after the long un- 
 usual silence above alluded to, the untoward 
 event of Yorke's much-regretted death is made 
 a principal point of attack, although the Duke 
 of Grafton was not at that time in office, having 
 resigned a short time previous. Speaking of that 
 resignation, in the letter referred to a , Junius 
 observes, " one would think, my Lord, you might 
 have taken this spirited resolution before you 
 had dissolved the last of these early connections, 
 which once, even in your own opinion, did ho- 
 nour to your youth; before you had obliged 
 Lord Granby to quit a service he was attached 
 to; before you had discarded one Chancellor, 
 and killed another. To what an abject condition 
 have you laboured to reduce the best of princes, 
 when the unhappy man, who yields at last to 
 such personal instance and solicitation, as never 
 can be fairly employed against a subject, feels 
 himself degraded by his compliance, and is un- 
 able to survive the disgraceful honours which 
 
 * 14th Feb. 1770. 
 
15 
 
 his gracious Sovereign had compelled him to 
 accept ! He was a man of spirit, for he had a 
 quick sense of shame, and death has redeemed his 
 character. I know your Grace too well to ap- 
 peal to your feelings upon this event; but there 
 is another heart, not yet, I hope, quite callous 
 to the touch of humanity, to which it ought to 
 be a dreadful lesson for ever.' ' 
 
 Junius's note* to this is also very remarkable. 
 He adds : " The most secret particulars of this 
 detestable transaction shall, in due time, be 
 given to the public. The people shall know 
 what kind of man they have to deal with." 
 
 In the above quotation how plainly does the 
 poignancy of disappointment, whether of ambi- 
 tion or affection, or mingled of both, disclose 
 itself. The tone of passionate personal feeling 
 that pervades it, is too intensely wrought for any 
 less than an intimate friend to have written. 
 But when we find too that this is not a solitary 
 instance ; that the subject of Mr. Yorke's un- 
 timely death is either principally or incidentally 
 
 * In Letter of 14th Feb. 1770. With respect to the notes, 
 Junius makes this important declaration in his preface. 
 " The notes will be found not only useful but necessary. Re- 
 ferences to facts not generally known, Or allusions to the cur- 
 rent report or opinion of the day, are, in a little time, unin- 
 telligible " ! 
 
16 
 
 noticed, more or less, in many of the subsequent 
 letters of Junius, and on every occasion with 
 the same ardency of feeling and expression, — 
 there cannot remain, in any rational, unpre- 
 judiced mind, a doubt of the connection of 
 Junius with the House of Yorke. More fully 
 to support and confirm that conclusion, the 
 following additional extracts from the Letters of 
 Junius are given : 
 
 " My zeal for his majesty's real honour com- 
 pels me to assert, that it has been too much the 
 system of the present reign to introduce him 
 personally, either to act for, or to defend his 
 servants. They persuade him to do what is 
 properly their business, and desert him in the 
 midst of it. Yet this is an inconvenience to 
 which he must for ever be exposed, while he 
 adheres to a ministry divided among themselves, 
 or unequal in credit and ability to the great 
 task they have undertaken. Instead of reserv- 
 ing the interposition of the royal personage as 
 the last resource of government, their weak- 
 ness obliges them to apply to it on every ordi- 
 nary occasion, and to render it cheap and com- 
 mon in the opinion of the people. Instead of 
 supporting their master, they look to him for 
 support ; and for the emolument of remaining 
 
17 
 
 one day more in office, care not how much 
 his sacred character is prostituted and dis- 
 honoured.'^ 
 
 To enforce, as it were, and bring home this 
 passage, Junius himself, in a note to it, gives 
 the following anecdote : — " After a certain per- 
 son had succeeded in cajoling Mr. Yorke, he 
 told the Duke of Grafton, with a witty smile, 
 * My Lord, you may kill the next Percy your- 
 self! — N.B. He had but that instant wiped 
 the tears away, which overcame Mr. Yorke." 
 
 On the report 5 of the Duke of Grafton's 
 again coming into office, by being placed at the 
 head of the Admiralty, under the signature of 
 Domitian he attacks his Grace, and after shew- 
 ing him up as treacherous to all his early po- 
 litical friends by the seductions of the closet, 
 and adverting to a few of the distinguishing 
 peccadillos disclosed under the signature of 
 Junius, he winds up the whole thus : " And in 
 conclusion, he had made himself accessory to 
 the untimely death of Mr. Yorke. — I say acces- 
 
 a Junius to the Printer of the Public Advertizes, 3d April, 
 
 1770. 
 
 b December 8th, 1770. 
 
 c The change of signature betrays the Author's fears of 
 discovery, from the continual harping on one string. 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 sory, because he was certainly not the principal 
 actor in that most atrocious business. After 
 all, Sir, when it was impossible for him to add 
 to his guiltiness, a panic seizes him, he begins 
 to measure his expectations by the sense of his 
 deserts, a visionary gibbet appears before his 
 eyes, he flies from his post, surrenders to an- 
 other the reward due to his honourable services, 
 and leaves his king and country to extricate 
 themselves, if they can, from the distress and 
 confusion in which he had involved them." 
 
 Addressing the Earl of Suffolk under the 
 signature of " Henricus," a and reproaching 
 him for his desertion of the Whigs, he says 
 " Had you, my Lord, been entrapped like poor 
 Yorke, by the prevailing force which was con- 
 tained in the personal entreaties and solicita- 
 tions of majesty, and had your honour been 
 seduced and struck into compliance, though we 
 should abhor the act, we should acquit at least 
 you of the guilt ; and you would have had a 
 just claim to our pity, unmixed with our con- 
 tempt. But, my Lord, what are we to say 
 when we see a man in your Lordship's situa- 
 tion stooping to so humiliating a consideration, 
 as to entreat a connection in office with those 
 a April 15th, 1771. 
 
 
19 
 
 very men whom you had before reviled and 
 despised ?" 
 
 The last letter to be noticed on the subject 
 of Mr. Yorke's death, is under the signature of 
 "Junius," and addressed to the Duke of Graf- 
 ton a , shortly after his being appointed Lord 
 Privy Seal : and in the accompanying private 
 note 5 to Woodfall, the Author thus speaks of 
 it : "I am strangely partial to the enclosed. 
 It is finished with the utmost care. If I find 
 myself mistaken in my judgment of this paper, 
 I positively will never write again." 
 
 It is by far the most severe in its vitupera- 
 tions of the king and the Duke of Grafton, and 
 such as abstractedly no political feeling could 
 call forth or extenuate. Not satisfied with 
 pointedly naming Mr. Yorke, and charging his 
 death as murder in the king and the Duke of 
 Grafton, in another passage of the same letter 
 he adds this striking, audacious paragraph : — 
 <c Enough has been said of that detestable 
 transaction which ended in the death of Mr. 
 Yorke. I cannot speak of it without horror 
 and compassion. To excuse yourself, you pub- 
 licly impeach your accomplice, and to his mind, 
 
 a June22d, ]77L 
 
 * No. 35, Woodfall's Edit. 
 
 D % 
 
20 
 
 perhaps, the accusation may be flattery : but 
 in murder you are both principals. It was once 
 a question of emulation, and if the event had 
 not disappointed the immediate schemes of the 
 closet, it might still have been a hopeful sub- 
 ject of jest and merriment between you." 
 
 Having now established the personal connec- 
 tion of Junius with the House of Yorke, the 
 identification of its eleve Wray with Junius will 
 be more easily proved ; and this we proceed to 
 demonstrate. 
 
PART II. 
 
 The salient point of the image and superscript 
 tion of Wray that first appears through the 
 letters of Junius, is in the collision of the Au- 
 thor with Garrick. 
 
 Among tire myrmidons of the court employed, 
 but in vain, to penetrate the recess in which 
 Junius lay perdue, the name of Garrick stands 
 conspicuous; not so much from the extraordi- 
 nary zeal of his espionage, but the severe casti- 
 gation he received at the hands of Junius for 
 his treacherous officiousness, in disclosing to 
 the king, through the medium of Mr. Ramus, 
 one of his majesty's pages, a confidential com- 
 munication made to him by Woodfall, that 
 Junius would " write no more." a The intelli- 
 
 a On the 8th Nov. 1771, Junius, in a note to Woodfall, 
 thus cautions him : " Beware of David Garrick, he was sent 
 to pump you, and went directly to Richmond to tell the king 
 I would write no more." (Private Note, No. 40.) Woodfall 
 is also, on a previous occasion, cautioned against a person of 
 the name of Swinney. — " That Swinney is a wretched, but a 
 dangerous fool. He had the impudence to go to Lord Sack- 
 ville, whom he had never spoken to, and ask him whether or 
 
22 
 
 genee was conveyed to the king at his then 
 residence at Richmond, and from Junius's note 
 
 no he was the author of Junius, — take care of him." (Private 
 Letter, No. 5, July 21, 1769.) 
 
 These few words, says Mr. Butler in his Reminiscences* 
 " disclose several facts ; — that Junius knew Swinney and his 
 character — that Junius knew Swinney had called on Lord G» 
 Sackville —that he knew that Swinney had never called on 
 him before — and that Junius was acquainted with the inter- 
 view very soon after it took place. From this," adds Mr. 
 Butler, " it may be argued that Junius was intimate with 
 Lord G. Sackville : it has even been inferred that he was 
 Lord G. Sackville himself." 
 
 Neither the argument nor inference are conclusive ; since 
 admitting, as we must do, that Junius knew Swinney, we 
 must also admit that from that source the former might 
 equally acquire his intelligence of the latter's proceedings. 
 But "who was the Swinney mentioned by Junius?" asks 
 Mr. Butler. No one has even ventured a suggestion in reply. 
 The answer we presume is to be found in one of Wray's 
 letters, written to Lord Hardwicke while Junius is publish- 
 ing his lucubrations. 
 
 " Dr. Swinney, your Lordship's friend, presented his 
 father-in-law Howell's Works, closing with quas aut incuria 
 fudit, in a very audible voice." 
 
 This alludes to a meeting at the Royal Society, where both 
 he and Wray were associated as Fellows, as also at the An- 
 tiquaries. They were also of the same University (Cambridge), 
 and Swinney had been chaplain to the British Embassy at 
 Constantinople. 
 
 If this be indeed the Swinney, need we further enquire of 
 whom Junius procured his intelligence of the visit to Lord 
 Sackville ; nor should we feel surprised at Junius's cautioning 
 Ms printer to " take care of him." 
 
23 
 
 to Garrick, it appears he was apprised of it on 
 the following morning. 
 
 " TO MR. DAVID GARRICK. 
 
 " Nov. 10th. 1771. 
 " I am very exactly informed of your im- 
 pertinent enquiries, and of the information you 
 so busily sent to Richmond, and with what 
 triumph and exultation it was received. I knew 
 every particular of it the next day. Now mark 
 me, vagabond — keep to your pantomimes, or 
 be assured you shall hear of it. Meddle no 
 more, thou busy informer ! It is in my power 
 to make you curse the hour in which you dared 
 to interfere with Junius." 
 
 How such a transaction, occurring at Rich- 
 mond, was acquired so early by Junius, has 
 been matter of amazement. Assuming, how- 
 ever, Wray to be Junius, it admits of a ready 
 solution \ since both he and his father-in-law 
 and the Yorke family had residences there, as 
 well as his friend Mr. Cambridge, " who had," 
 says Hardinge a , " a rage for news, and living in 
 
 a See Article Wray, by Hardinge, in Nichol's Illustrations 
 of Literary History. 
 
effect at Richmond, though residing on the other 
 side of the water, he had the command of many 
 political reporters, Mr. Wray's Lord Hardwicke 
 included." 
 
 Wray being also acquainted with Garrick, 
 and both residing in the immediate neighbour- 
 hood of each other, and mutually in very ex- 
 tensive intercourse with the world, it naturally 
 accounts for Junius's fears and anxieties as to 
 the enquiries of the latter, and his considering 
 it important to deter him from meddling ; for 
 his apprehensions lest Woodfall might have com- 
 municated the place where the letters were sent, 
 and his desire of its being changed — and the 
 policy of directing Woodfall to send Garrick a 
 copy only of his letter to him, to avoid having 
 the hand in which it was written (even presum- 
 ing it feigned) loo commonly seen*. 
 
 Inferring then from what has been advanced, 
 that Wray, like Junius, had the means of ob- 
 taining the knowledge of Garrick's Paul Pryism 
 and the part he enacted of Busy-body at Rich- 
 mond ; and, if Junius, that he was so circum- 
 stanced as equally to be desirous of checking 
 Garrick's curiosity, we shall now advance one 
 
 a See Junius's Private Notes to Woodfall, Nos. 41 and 43. 
 
 
25 
 
 step further, and shew that Wray, at the very 
 time in question, was jealously observant of 
 Garrick's movements, and writes of them to 
 his correspondent, Lord Hardwicke, in words 
 conveying the same idea and contemptuous, 
 though modified, feeling, as Junius embodies 
 in his letter to Garrick (before quoted) written 
 at the same period. 
 
 So close indeed is the similarity of thought 
 and expression in both letters, that allowing for 
 the circumstances under which each was writ- 
 ten, any one conversant with literary composi- 
 tion would pronounce the one to emanate from 
 the other. However, the reader shall judge for 
 himself. 
 
 Wray, on the 15th of October, 1771* having 
 previously, it should be observed, informed his 
 correspondent, Lord Hardwicke, that the voy- 
 age of the Endeavour had been settled, and that 
 Hawkesworth was to be the writer recommended 
 by Garrick*, says, " I think with you, that a 
 
 a The Endeavour,, under the command of Captain Cooke, 
 made a voyage round the world, and arrived in the Downs 
 on the 13th of July 1771* Cooke was not introduced to his 
 majesty for the purpose of presenting his journal of the voy- 
 age till the 14th of August. On the 29th of the following 
 month, the above intelligence is communicated by Wray. 
 His early knowledge of it, and particularly of Garrick's in- 
 
26 
 
 captain of marines for a part in tragedy, or a 
 boatswain for a comic personage, might be as 
 fairly recommended as Dr. Hawkesworth for a 
 voyage writer. The author of the poem upon 
 theatrical declamation, advising the actor to 
 keep within his proper sphere, instead of giving 
 himself airs, ends his tirade thus : 
 
 " Votre etat de plaire, et non de proteger." 
 
 Then on the 10th of the following month Ju- 
 nius is found telling Garrick " to keep to his 
 pantomimes." 
 
 Observe, the former speaks of advising the 
 actor to keep within his proper sphere ; the lat- 
 ter to keep to his pantomimes : — the subject of 
 both alike concerning the same individual, and 
 indited within a brief interval of each other, 
 Wray's being first, in point of time, and neither 
 capable of becoming the copyist of the other, 
 as both communications were private, — to indi- 
 viduals. 
 
 Further, it is to be noted, on the subject of 
 Garrick's communication to the king, Junius, on 
 the 10th of November 1771, tells his printer that 
 
 terference in the matter, is surprising, and forcibly reminds 
 one of Junius's early acquaintance with official news. 
 
27 
 
 Garrick was sent to pump him, and went di- 
 rectly to Richmond to tell the King he would 
 " write no more/' And on the 27th of Novem- 
 ber 1771, he again informs his printer that Gar- 
 rick's disclosure had forced him to break his re- 
 solution of writing no more. Now, mark : Wray 
 at that period, viz. the 18th of November 1771> 
 thus writes to Lord Hardwicke : " Had I per- 
 severed in that apparently wise resolution to 
 write no more, till I had some fact of consequence 
 to relate, I should have been dumb with my pen 
 till silence would become indecorum." 
 
 But the communication made by Garrick to 
 the king, announcing that Junius would write 
 no more, carries with it still stronger evidence 
 of Wray's being the archetype of Junius. So 
 strong indeed, as to exclude all doubt, it is pre- 
 sumed of the fact ; for Wray not only gives the 
 same intimation to his correspondent, Lord 
 Hardwicke, but actually assigns the very cause, 
 and prefixes the precise day on which Junius 
 designed to conclude his correspondence in that 
 character, had he not been forced by Garrick, as 
 he expresses himself, to break his resolution of 
 writing no more. 
 
 The 59th letter of Junius on what the au- 
 thor calls the unhappy differences which had 
 
arisen among the Friends of the People, is the 
 one with which he had originally intended to 
 conclude his publications under the name of 
 Junius, and may still in some respects be re- 
 garded as the concluding letter of the volume ; 
 for by it evidently the plan is finished; the let- 
 ters afterwards added, being merely explanatory 
 of hints thrown out during the previous discus- 
 sion a . That letter is dated October 5, 1771. 
 Six days previously* (mark that!) Wray writes to 
 Lord Hardwicke as follows : 
 
 # # # # u jsfash will carry his election for Lord 
 Mayor ; but if thus far the cause of liberty may 
 suffer in the city, it has its triumphs in other 
 parts of the town. Messieurs the Managers of 
 Covent Garden Theatre wait upon the shilling 
 gallery to assure the good company that Mr. 
 Shuter has bona fide, as others may have done, 
 strained his ancle ; and the soldier whipt at the 
 Tower makes affidavit before a justice of the 
 peace, that he is not killed, or dead, but living. 
 These proper attentions may satisfy the good 
 people of England for a month, accompanied by 
 the finishing dose of Junius on Saturday." 
 
 a Atticus Secundus's edit, of the Letters of Junius : by Oli- 
 ver and Boyd, page 53. 
 b September 29th, 1771- 
 
29 
 
 In perfect accordance with this decided in- 
 timation, the intended finishing dose did ap- 
 pear. The 5th of October 177 1, was on a Sa- 
 turday. 
 
 But what clinches the evidence, and gives con- 
 firmation, strong as proof of holy writ, is that 
 Junius's letter of that day contains the same 
 subject as Wray's, which prefixed its appear- 
 ance — the election of Nash as Lord Mayor : — 
 that by which Wray fears the cause of liberty 
 mil suffer, the friends of liberty are called upon 
 by Junius to unite in opposing is the election 
 of Nash as Lord Mayor a . Then follows the 
 coup de grace — Junius's own express declaration 
 of Nash's election (from disunion among the 
 friends of the people) being the cause of his 
 ceasing to write. " The shameful mismanage- 
 ment", says he, " which brought him into of- 
 
 a Nash's election Junius also makes the subject of a letter 
 on the day following (30th of September) that on which 
 Wray's (29th of September) was written. Junius's intro- 
 mission of himself into city politics, and the importance which 
 he appears to have attached to one man being lord mayor 
 rather than another, did not escape the acumen of that pleas- 
 ing reminiscent, Mr. Butler, as a forcible objection against the 
 claim of the aristocratic Lord George Sackville. Yet it is a 
 characteristic of Wray and a natural one too, he being the 
 son of a city knight born and educated within its precincts. 
 
so 
 
 fice, gave me the first and an unconquerable 
 disgust." a 
 
 Surely with such striking coincidences, such 
 direct evidence as this before him, he who 
 doubts, would still be doubting though one rose 
 from the dead for his conviction. 
 
 But these marvellous coincidences, which can 
 no otherwise be accounted for, but by admitting 
 the unity of authorship, rest not here, but are 
 continued during the interval, from the 5th of 
 October 1771, until Junius, as such, is forced 
 to break his resolution of writing no more, by 
 Garrick's treacherous disclosure ; both of them 
 being occupied with the marriage of the Duke 
 of Cumberland with Mrs. Horton. 
 
 Junius, under the signature of Cumbriensis, 
 makes that marriage the subject of a distinct 
 letter (13th of November I771 ), and also of two 
 paragraphs, sent on the 11th of November 1771 
 for insertion by Woodfall as soon as he thought 
 proper, in one of which is given the following 
 intelligence : 
 
 " The Earl of Hertford is most honourably em- 
 ployed as terrier, to find out the clergyman that 
 married the Duke of Cumberland, an errand 
 
 a Junius to Woodfall. Private note, No. 56, February 22, 
 1772. 
 
31 
 
 well fitted to the man. He might, however, be 
 much better employed in marrying his daugh- 
 ters at the public expense, witness the promise 
 of an Irish peerage to Mr. St — t," &c. 
 
 Turning to the correspondence of Wray with 
 Lord Hardwicke, at the same period, viz. the 
 18th of November 1771> after complaining in a 
 previous letter to his noble correspondent that he 
 had nothing to do, and was stript of topics, (pre- 
 sumedly the case of Junius,) he thus writes : — 
 
 " Dukes do not marry and elope every week. 
 Porten a I found enveloped in the decyphering 
 screen. 
 
 " It was a sub-curate of Grosvenor Square 
 who married his R. H. It is by some disputed 
 whether at present the parties are three leagues 
 from Paris, or three miles from London." b 
 
 Nine days after this, viz. the ^8th of Novem- 
 ber 1771» Junius again resumes his lucubrations 
 under that signature, in which also the marriage 
 
 a Sir Stanier Porten, under secretary of state, a relation of 
 Wray's by marriage ; and scarcely need it be hinted to the 
 reader, what a source of secret political intelligence was there 
 open to Wray. 
 
 b The brevity, yet pregnancy of meaning in this and all 
 Wray's communications is strikingly characteristic of Junius's 
 private notes of intelligence to Woodfall. 
 
32 
 
 of his Royal Highness is one of the principal 
 topics. But further : Junius at the same time 
 combines with that subject sarcastic observa- 
 tions on Sir James Lowther's defeat in his con- 
 test with the Duke of Portland, and on the Se- 
 cretary of the Treasury, Bradshaw. A similar 
 combination of the three subjects, which is scarce- 
 ly possible to have happened fortuitously, oc- 
 curs in one of Wray's letters a to Lord Hardwicke 
 during the interval of Junius's silence; and what 
 makes it more important, it is previous, in point 
 of time, to the one in question from Junius, 
 and, as it were, the heads of his intended public 
 letter. 
 
 " I have seen ", says he, sneeringly, " great 
 men — His Royal Highness' s preceptor, three 
 other bishops, a secretary of the Treasury, Sir 
 James, and the flower of the medical class — but 
 in their facts they emulated the vice-chancel- 
 lor"*, &c. 
 
 a October 15th, 1771. 
 
 b Who., it may be asked, was this Vice Chancellor? The 
 force of the answer will be obvious. No other than the tra- 
 velling companion of his Grace the Duke of Grafton, to whom 
 the letter of Junius in which the three subjects in question 
 are contained, is addressed ; the veritable Vice Chancellor of 
 Cambridge, Dr. HinchlifFe, who, in his official situation, 
 
33 
 
 And six days previous, and six only a , to the 
 one of the 28th of November 1771, from Junius, 
 there is this intelligence from Wray to Lord 
 Hardwicke : 
 
 " On Wednesday the cause of Inglewood Fo- 
 rest was determined in the Exchequer ; Sir 
 James clearly nonsuited, on account that one- 
 third of rent was not reserved to the Crown in 
 the grant, in pursuance of 1 Queen Anne. It 
 was reserved by a covenant, but not in the legal 
 form. The lease therefore is void, and the Duke 
 will hold the estate by the late act of Sir George 
 Savile, by which possession is made secure after 
 unimpeached possession for sixty years." 
 
 And, as it were, to fix the relation between 
 Wray and Junius, the above is preceded by this 
 intimation: — " The divisions are great in the 
 besiegers' camp \ particularly between Lord 
 
 made an oration in praise of his Grace, on introducing him 
 to the Senate House on the morning of his installation to the 
 Chancellorship of that University. 
 
 Junius also alludes to him in his Fifteenth Letter, ad- 
 dressed to the Duke of Grafton, at the close of the sentence 
 we have previously had occasion to quote (page 9.), con- 
 trasting his Grace with Lord Hardwicke. " The venerable 
 tutors of the University will no longer distress your modesty, 
 by proposing you for a pattern to their pupils. The learned 
 dulness of declamation will be silent." Junius, Vol. I. p. 512. 
 
 a November 22d, 1771. 
 
 E 
 
34 
 
 T— and C— n, about the author of Junius' s Let- 
 ters."* 
 
 " These few words", says Hardinge, in a 
 note upon this passage, " are of no trivial im- 
 port, and they wonderfully confirm a passage 
 in a conversation between Lord C — n [evidently 
 Camden] and me. He told me that many things 
 in Junius convinced him, that the materials were 
 prompted by Earl T — le \ and he mentioned, in 
 particular, a confidential statement, which had 
 been made in private between Lord Ch — m, 
 Lord T — le, and Lord Camden ; which, from 
 the nature of it, could only have been disclosed 
 by Lord T— le through Junius to the public." 
 
 We may echo the words of Hardinge, and say 
 these words are of no trivial import, since they 
 confirm the evidence of Wray's being Junius. 
 
 a Junius himself was also ever alive to the subject of au- 
 thorship. Swinney's inquiry of Lord George Sackville, as to 
 " whether or no [he was the author of Junius ", and its early 
 communication to Woodfall by Junius, will occur to the 
 reader's recollection. (Private Letter, No. 5.) 
 
PART III. 
 
 In the course of the preceding pages exhibit- 
 ing the causes of the origin, progress, and ter- 
 mination of the Letters of Junius, it has inci- 
 dentally been shewn that the enmities of Junius 
 were those of Wray, springing alike from the 
 same attachment to particular persons and fami- 
 lies : it follows too, that in their friendships 
 they were not divided. To make, however, a 
 point of such importance as to identity directly 
 apparent, instances will now be adduced proving 
 that where the friends of Wray have suffered, 
 Junius has not been silent ; where Junius has 
 exposed aggressions towards individuals, the 
 aggrieved were the friends of Wray. 
 
 Among the recorded grievances in Junius's 
 celebrated Letter to the King, is the dismissal 
 from ministerial office of the Hon. H. B. Legge. 
 It is thus generally noticed : " A little personal 
 motive of pique and resentment was sufficient 
 to remove the ablest servants of the crown, but 
 it is not in this country, Sir, that such men can 
 be dishonoured by the frowns of a king. They 
 
 e 2 
 
36 
 
 were dismissed, but could not be disgraced." 8 
 But lest the particular allusion should be lost 
 in the general observation, Junius adds the fol- 
 lowing words in a note to this passage : " One 
 of the first acts of the present reign was to dis- 
 miss Mr. Legge, because he had some years 
 before refused to yield his interest in Hamp- 
 shire to a Scotchman recommended by Lord 
 Bute. This was the reason publicly assigned 
 by his Lordship." 
 
 Mr. Legge, when thus dismissed, held the 
 office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, in which 
 important situation he had remained, with a 
 brief interval, from the year 1754 ; having also, 
 previous to that appointment, sat at the Trea- 
 sury board of the Exchequer as one of the 
 Lords Commissioners 5 . And during the whole 
 period of his continuance in office and that of 
 
 a Junius, December 19, 1769, Woodfall's Edit. Vol. II. 
 p. 69. 
 
 b See a complete List of the Lords Commissioners of the Trea- 
 sury in the Appendix, commencing with Wray's appointment 
 as Deputy Teller to the period when Junius ceased to write, 
 viz. from 1745 to 1773; which, with the account of the Ex- 
 chequer offices, also in the Appendix, will serve to explain 
 how Junius could acquire a more than ordinary knowledge of 
 official individuals, and especially of secret matters relating 
 to the Treasury, the subject of Junius's surprising disclosures. 
 
37 
 
 his several successors beyond the appearing of 
 Junius, as a political writer, Mr. Wray was 
 officiating as one of the Deputy Tellers of the 
 Exchequer, and participating in carrying into 
 execution those very measures necessarily de- 
 volving upon the Chancellors to propound. No 
 one could therefore have a better opportunity 
 of appreciating the relative merits of the dif- 
 ferent Chancellors ; no one could with more 
 propriety take upon himself to pronounce Mr. 
 Legge to be " one of the ablest servants of the 
 crown." 
 
 As Mr. Wray's friend, the first mention of 
 Mr. Legge that occurs in the published cor- 
 respondence of the former with Lord Hard- 
 wicke, is in the following letter of the 9th of 
 August, 1757 ; the subject being Lottery 
 Tickets — a matter of finance occasionally no- 
 ticed by Junius \ 
 
 "On Thursday, at one o'clock, just as the 
 Board was breaking up, they sent for the De- 
 puty Auditor and the Tellers. It was to com- 
 mand that we should dispose of the undrawn 
 
 a Junius to Wilkes, Private Note, No. 66, Woodfall's 
 Edit. Vol. I. p. 283. -Junius, 9th July, 1771, Vol. II, p. 
 254. 
 
38 
 
 tickets, (more than two-thirds of the whole 
 number.) 
 
 "We of course made our excuses — we de- 
 precated such an ample trust. His Grace 
 kindly replied, that we who were known officers 
 of the public, merited their confidence ; and so a 
 they dismissed us to furnish places, persons, 
 and methods for the purpose. 
 
 " My old friends, the Chancellor and Lord 
 Duncannon, most graciously saluted me at my 
 entrance : but no memory of the Egyptian or the 
 Roman Club — of the noctes ccenasque Deum — 
 prevailed upon them to second my sincere nolo 
 tickettare," &c. 
 
 Mr. Legge's secretary, Dr. Butler, afterwards 
 Bishop of Hereford, was formerly suspected to 
 be Junius, — a suspicion carrying some weight 
 in Wilkes's opinion, " because the references in 
 the Letters of Junius to the Bible were not to 
 the received translation, but to the vulgate, 
 which he said the Bishop always used." 5 It is 
 somewhat remarkable that this uncommon qua- 
 
 a This is a peculiarity of expression in Junius, " and so 
 I wish you a good night." — (Private Note, No. 5. WoodfalFs 
 Edit.) 
 
 b Butler's "Reminiscences," Vol. I. p. 81. 
 
39 
 
 lification should also be found in Mr. Legge's 
 friend, Wray. He too was a Hebraist 3 , and 
 actually refers to the vulgate in one of his 
 Letters 5 to Lord Hardwicke; so that here also 
 is combined in Wray what, per se, in the case 
 of Dr. Butler, was deemed sufficient to coun- 
 tenance an opinion of his being the Author of 
 the Letters of Junius. 
 
 In Junius's exposure and reprobation of Lord 
 Weymouth's removal of Sir JefFery Amherst 
 from his post of Governor of Virginia, to make 
 a place for a needy court dependant, and of the 
 breach of good faith and disingenuousness by 
 which it was effected, there is apparent a 
 warmth of feeling beyond that of a mere politi- 
 
 a In Gilbert Wakefield's Memoirs of his own Life, there is 
 a pleasing confirmation of this fact. " Most fortunately/' 
 says he, "my father dined one day with the late Daniel 
 Wray, Esq., of Richmond, a well-informed man, who had 
 been educated at Cambridge, and was one of the Authors of 
 the admired Athenian Letters. As this gentleman was an 
 excellent linguist, I made known to him my embarrassment 
 respecting the acquisition of the Hebrew. He expatiated on 
 the extreme absurdity of attending to the points; lent me 
 Masclef's Grammar; and in the course of ten days, I had 
 read in my father's Polyglott, by the help of Buxtorf's 
 Lexicon, nine or ten of the first chapters in Genesis without 
 much difficulty, and with infinite delight." — (Vol. I. p. 100.) 
 
 b October 13, 1777. Hardinge's Life of Wray. 
 
40 
 
 cal writer, and a knowledge of facts which such 
 an one could not acquire. It is however in 
 Junius's summary of the particulars in his last 
 reply to the various efforts of Lord Weymouth 
 and his hirelings to get rid of the charge of 
 illiberality and want of candour in that trans- 
 action, that he more particularly betrays the 
 truth of his assertion, viz. " my authority is in- 
 disputable." " Take it, my Lord, finally" says 
 he, " and disprove it if you can. Lord Boute- 
 tort's appointment was fixed on or before Sun- 
 day. You called at Sir JefFery Amherst's on 
 the Wednesday following. He was not in 
 town, but you saw him next day (Thursday). 
 You then told him that such a measure was in 
 contemplation, but far from naming his suc- 
 cessor, you did not tell him that his successor 
 was appointed. Yet Lord Boutetort kissed 
 hands the next morning (Friday) ; and the first 
 notice Sir JefFery Amherst received of his Lord- 
 ship's appointment, was by an express sent to 
 him that evening by his brother."* 
 
 That brother was Wray's friend, and observe 
 Junius does not say the express was sent by 
 Colonel Amherst, as a stranger to the family 
 
 a Miscellaneous Letters, No. 43, WoodfalFs Edit. Vol. III. 
 p. 147- 
 
41 
 
 would have written, but by his brother ; in like 
 mariner as Wray also familiarly speaks of him, 
 in his correspondence with Lord Hardwicke at 
 the period when Sir Jeffery is achieving those 
 victories in America for which he afterwards 
 received the appointment in question. Wray's 
 words in the letter alluded to are these : — 
 
 " MY DEAR LORD, 
 
 " The good news that now sets in from all 
 quarters, is in such quantities, that it really dis- 
 tracts one's attention. Amherst 9 s brother is 
 come this morning to confirm what is already 
 in the papers." — (From the Office, September 
 8, 1759.) 
 
 The displacing of another individual, Mr. 
 Stuart Mackenzie, furnishes very strong proof 
 of the community of friendships of Junius and 
 Wray, and of the one being identified in the 
 other. The singularity of the advocacy of this 
 individual's removal by the constraining in- 
 fluence of the Duke of Bedford is, that he was 
 the son-in-law of " the favourite/' — Lord Bute. 
 This case is also twice noticed by Junius. And 
 most extraordinary would it be if it happened 
 fortuitously, since the first time it is joined by 
 
42 
 
 Junius with another, and yet the same import- 
 ant subject as Wray's — the resignation of Lord 
 Chatham ; and on the second occasion with that 
 of the death of Mr. Wray's friend, Mr. Charles 
 Yorke ; coincidences, we contend, so uncom- 
 mon, as to remove mountains of doubt, if any 
 could exist after what has already been proved, 
 as to the individualitv of the two writers. 
 
 Wray, on the matter in discussion, thus writes 
 to his correspondent, Lord Hardwicke, the 18th 
 October, 1768. 
 
 " I hear that our friend (Mr. Stuart Macken- 
 zie) is to be succeeded, as Lord Register, by 
 Lord Frederick Campbell ; and from the same 
 authority, not contemptible, that Lord Chatham 
 has resigned in anger." a 
 
 And Junius afterwards 5 says, addressing him- 
 self to the Duke of Grafton, 
 
 " Lord Chatham formed his last administra- 
 tion upon principles which you certainly con- 
 curred in, or you could never have been placed 
 
 a In Nov. 1768, Lord Bristol succeeded him as Lord Privy 
 Seal. We again observe how forcibly does the mode in which 
 this intelligence is expressed, the secret nature of the subject 
 communicated, and its fulfilment shortly afterwards, remind 
 one of the private notes sent by Junius to Woodfall. 
 
 b 30th May, 1769. 
 
43 
 
 at the head of the Treasury. By deserting those 
 principles, and by acting in direct contradiction 
 to them, in which he found you were secretly 
 supported in the closet, you soon forced him to 
 leave you to yourself, and to withdraw his name 
 from an administration which had been formed 
 on the credit of it." Then in the next paragraph 
 of the same letter he adds, " And if it be ne- 
 cessary to betray one friendship more, you may 
 set even Lord Bute at defiance. Mr. Stuart 
 Mackenzie may possibly remember what use the 
 Duke of Bedford usually makes of his power." 
 
 Again, on the 14th July, 1770, Junius, ad- 
 dressing the Duke of Grafton, shortly after the 
 death of Mr. Yorke, in the sentence following 
 that which we have had previous occasion to 
 quote a , wherein he violently expresses his re- 
 sentment at the presumed cause of that ill-fated 
 individual's death, we find that event thus joined 
 with the case of Mr. Mackenzie : " The Duke 
 of Bedford was more moderate than your Grace. 
 He only forced his master to violate a solemn 
 promise made to an individual." 
 
 Among those towards whom Junius was fa- 
 vourably inclined and designedly spared, may 
 also be named Lord Holland, who, although 
 
 a Page 14, but see Woodfall's Junius, Vol. II. pp. 95—7. 
 
44 
 
 charged in the City Petition (presented to His 
 Majesty, July 5, 1769) with peculation, or at 
 least as " the public defaulter of unaccounted mil- 
 lions," in his office of paymaster; a subject at 
 that period much canvassed; not only refrained 
 from publicly attacking him, but, privately \ to 
 his printer, Woodfall, expresses a wish that 
 Lord Holland " may acquit himself with honor." 
 Such an expression of feeling, Wray would be 
 likely to entertain, Lord H. being the brother 
 of Lady Cornwallis, with whom and Lord C. 
 Wray was on terms of the closest intimacy, and 
 in whose family prosperity he felt the warmest 
 interest. Writing on one occasion 5 to Lord 
 Hardwicke, he says, " To-day's Gazette is a 
 cordial which I hope will give us a fillip. You 
 will, I am sure, allow me to feel a particular 
 satisfaction from the renown acquired by the 
 son of my two old and good friends, Lord, and 
 Lady Cornwallis" Lord Holland, it should 
 also be observed, formed one of the Treasury 
 Board at the period when Wray entered on his 
 duties as Deputy Teller of the Exchequer; 
 
 a See Private Letter, No. 5. July 21, 1769. Woodfall's 
 Edit. 
 
 b Sept. 30, 1780. Earl Cornwallis's Victory at Camden in 
 America. 
 
45 
 
 and was, of course, officially in frequent inter- 
 course with his Lordship, and subsequently 
 when Paymaster of the Forces. 
 
 From the consideration of men let us next 
 turn to measures, and observe whether the same 
 perfect accordance in sentiment exists between 
 Wray and Junius respecting the latter, as we 
 have seen to be the fact as to the former. 
 
 One of the principal leading measures that 
 agitated the public mind in the time of Junius, 
 concerning which men of all parties were di- 
 vided, and whereon scarcely any of the Whigs 
 agreed, was Mr. Grenville's American Stamp- 
 Act ; involving the question of the supremacy 
 of Great Britain over America, and its correla- 
 tive, the right of taxation. 
 
 Unpopular as this measure of Mr. Grenville's 
 proved, yet singular it is, that Junius, the ad- 
 vocate of the people, invariably supported it. 
 This singularity gave rise to an opinion, very 
 early entertained, that Mr. C. Lloyd, one of the 
 Deputy Tellers of the Exchequer, and the se- 
 cretary of that patriotic minister, was the author 
 of the Letters. But circumstances, connected 
 with the last illness and death of Lloyd, have 
 evinced its fallaciousness. Nevertheless, the 
 
46 
 
 ground-work of that opinion must still be main- 
 tained by any one endeavouring to establish 
 the Junian identity. The party to be identified 
 must be, in regard to the dispute between this 
 country and its colonies, An ti- American. Now, 
 such was Wray, the associate of Lloyd, as one 
 of the Deputy Tellers. The sentiment escapes 
 in one of his Letters a to Lord Hardwicke. 
 
 " Mr. Yorke most kindly sat with me last 
 night. He meditates an expedition to the moun- 
 tains of Cambria. He is a bold and steady 
 Anti-American. Et sapit, et mecum Jacit." 
 
 A previous letter b of his, also to the noble 
 Lord, shews that he, as well as his friend, was 
 peculiarly alive to the American disputes, since 
 he therein is found communicating the heads of 
 one of Lord Chatham's speeches on the morning 
 following its delivery. 
 
 " My prognostic," writes he on that occasion, 
 cc of the new peruke at Hayes was not vain. 
 Yesterday verified it in the House of Peers. ,,c 
 
 a Aug. 10, 1775. Nicholas " Eighteenth Century." Title, 
 1 ' Wray." 
 
 *> May 27, 1774. Nicholl's « Eighteenth Century." Title, 
 " Wray." 
 
 c The Lords of Parliament at this period went full-dressed 
 to the House in rolled stockings, swords, and tie-wigs. 
 
47 
 
 " The great man began his oration to a thin 
 house, no minister present but Lord Suffolk. 
 He was temperate and gentle through the whole ; 
 and by no means excused the Bostonians. He 
 said, they must acknowledge the authority, and 
 repair the damages. The bills were mere seve- 
 rity. He disliked also the condemnation of the 
 unheard ; a dangerous practice. How different 
 was the usage of those who were guilty of the 
 late rebellion ! They had fair trials. Then he 
 introduced a handsome eloge upon the head of 
 the law in that period. He described himself 
 as a man without views of employment; but 
 there are, who do not quite believe him." 
 
 This communication establishes the fact, that 
 Wray (blessed, as his biographer a expresses it, 
 with wonderful powers of memory) took notes 
 of speeches in parliament; a material point, 
 since it is quite evident from passages in Junius's 
 Letters, that he also was occasionally present at 
 debates, taking notes, particularly of the speeches 
 of Lords Chatham and Camden and Mr. Burke. 
 But what is a most remarkable corroborative 
 circumstance in connection with the present 
 link of identification, the only report extant of 
 
 * Hardinge's Life of Wray. 
 
48 
 
 the first speech of the great Lord Camden in the 
 House of Lords, (traces of which are to be met 
 with in Junius on the American disputes a ) is 
 derived from the Hardwicke papers left by 
 Wray's friend and patron, Philip, the second 
 earl of that name. An express acknowledge- 
 ment of this is made in Hansard's Parliamentary 
 History b . From the same MSS. the historical 
 reader derives not only the report of the debate 
 " On the Disturbances in America in conse- 
 quence of the Stamp Act," but the debate also 
 in the House of Lords (Feb. 10, 1766), " On 
 the power of the King to make Laws and Statutes 
 of sufficient force and validity to bind the colo- 
 nies and people of America," and the " Minutes 
 
 a Woodfall's Junius, Vol. III. pp. 175, 185. 
 
 b " This important debate," says the Editor, " is now first 
 printed from a MS. in the Hardwicke Collection, obligingly 
 communicated by the present Earl of Hardwicke." In the 
 Preface to Hansard's 3rd vol. there is also the following pas- 
 sage: " The Editor cannot suffer the present volume to appear 
 unaccompanied by his grateful acknowledgements to the Earl 
 of Hardwicke, for the communication (among various notes 
 and debates and other papers, in which accounts are given of 
 what passed in parliament) of the interesting MS. Parlia- 
 mentary Journal of the Hon. P. Yorke, eldest son of Lord 
 Chancellor Hardwicke, containing an account of the debates 
 from the opening of the third Session of the ninth Parliament 
 of Great Britain, in Dec. 1743 to the 10th of April, 1745." 
 
49 
 
 of Proceedings (Dec. 10, 1768) in the House of 
 Commons, respecting the Discontents in Ame- 
 rica ;" so that it may reasonably be asked, Does 
 not this unique evidence generate of itself more 
 than a suspicion of Wray's being Junius? 
 
 Corsica and its cause was a subject interesting 
 to Wray from his acquaintance with Paoli, the 
 unfortunate chief of that deserted republic. In 
 the Letters of Junius, too, we find several allu- 
 sions to it, and strong invectives against the 
 British ministry for their abandonment of it a . 
 
 Of the cause in which that political Agonistes, 
 Wilkes, suffered, Junius was a warm advocate, 
 and as warmly opposed those measures that were 
 directed against it. Wray presumedly felt a 
 similar interest ; since, what is remarkably sin- 
 gular, a letter of his to Lord Hardwicke is 
 dated ^7th of October, 1768, "J. Wilkes's Eve," 
 (being the eve of Wilkes's birth-day,) at the 
 very period too when Junius is writing in de- 
 fence of that cause. His patron and corre- 
 spondent also, it is well known, was zealous for 
 " Wilkes and Liberty." Indeed, so notorious 
 was the fact, that Lord Sandwich's partizans 
 
 a Junius, Letter 3, 7th Feb. 1769. Letter 15, 8th July 
 1769. Misc. Letters, No. 48, 19th Oct. 1768. 
 
 F 
 
50 
 
 made it a matter of invidious observation against 
 Lord Hardwicke on the contest for the High 
 Stewardship of Cambridge a . 
 
 With Wilkes Junius occasionally correspond- 
 ed 5 ; yet it was not the pseudo-patriot, but the 
 cause he promoted, and with which he became 
 inseparably connected, that animated Junius in 
 supporting him . For, when the demagogues 
 of the city " had so intermixed their own pri- 
 vate interests and their private squabbles in the 
 public cause, as to render the cause itself con- 
 temptible in the eyes of the people at large" — 
 when they, by disregarding the urgent advice 
 of Junius, had occasioned the election of Nash 
 as Lord Mayor, to the " unconquerable dis- 
 gust " of Junius ; he then is found privately 
 counselling Woodfal] "to be much on his guard 
 with patriots." d At the very same period Wray 
 
 a See Public Advertizer, 7th of April, 1764. 
 
 h Mr. Butler in his Reminiscences (Vol. I. p. 82,) observes, 
 " The letters, generally, if not always, were sent in an enve- 
 lope, (which was then by no means so general as it now is,) 
 and in the folding up and the directions of the letters, we 
 (the Reminiscent and Wilkes) thought we could see marks of 
 the writer's habit of folding and directing official letters." 
 This also tallies with Wray's circumstances. 
 
 c " I love the cause, independent of persons." — Junius. 
 
 d Private Letters, No. 44, November 27, 1771- 
 
51 
 
 also, privately to Lord Hardwicke, expresses 
 himself contemptuously of patriots, and in the 
 same letter previously quoted from a , in which 
 he speaks of his disappointment in Nash being 
 elected Lord Mayor, and of his fears that there- 
 by the cause of liberty might suffer. "Our 
 patriots," he observes, "however enlarged their 
 ideas may appear to themselves, will be con- 
 temptible in your Lordship's, when you have 
 read the enclosed proposals, which extend the 
 notion of country to the Antipodes." 
 
 But what completely identifies the passage as 
 emanating from the pen of Junius, and clenches 
 the evidence already given is 3 that in his next 
 private letter to Wilkes (after expressing his 
 wounded feelings at the latter's disregarding his 
 advice in respect of the City Election, speaking 
 at the same time contemptuously of the pro- 
 
 a Page 28. — In the quotation referred to, the word "tri- 
 umphs" occurs, furnishing another mark of identity. Wray 
 writes, " Nash will carry his election for Lord Mayor; but, 
 if thus far the cause of liberty may suffer in the city, it 
 has its triumphs in other parts of the town," alluding to the 
 defeat of Sir James Lowther in his contest with the Duke of 
 Portland. Junius, in the following month but one, makes 
 this defeat the subject of his exultation, and uses the word 
 triumph in expressing it. (See Letter to the Duke of Grafton, 
 28th of November, 1771.) 
 
 F 2 
 
52 
 
 posals of the Bill of Rights Society" alluded to 
 in Wray's letter) he expresses the same senti- 
 ment, though in different words. " I think in 
 good policy you may as well complete a re- 
 formation at home, before you attempt to carry 
 your improvements to such a distance. Clearing 
 the fountain is the best and shortest way to 
 purify the stream. As to taxing the Americans 
 by their own representatives, I confess I do not 
 perfectly understand you. If you propose, that 
 in the article of taxation they should hereafter 
 be left to the authority of their respective as- 
 semblies, I must own I think you had no busi- 
 ness to revive a question which should, and 
 probably would, have lain dormant for ever. 
 If you mean that the Americans should be au- 
 thorized to send their representatives to the 
 British Parliament, (and thereby, in the words 
 of Wray, ' extend the notion of country to the 
 Antipodes,') I shall be contented with referring 
 you to what Mr. Burke has said upon the sub- 
 ject," &c. 
 
 a He characterizes the proposals as being cc palpably absurd 
 and impracticable/' as "ridiculous/' and "laughed at by 
 people who mean as well to the cause as any of us," and 
 doubts " the sincerity of the proposers" — Woodfall's Junius, 
 pp. 277 and 283, Vol. I. 
 
53 
 
 But the distinguishing feature of Junius's 
 political sentiments, is that of his uniform and 
 persevering advocacy of the principles and 
 maxims of "the glorious Revolution," and of 
 the cause of the leading consistent Whig fami- 
 lies by whom they were entertained. Wray, 
 too, was distinguished by his connection with, 
 and attachment to, the Whigs, and animated 
 by a more than ordinary interest in the prin- 
 ciples of the Revolution. In his correspond- 
 ence 3 with Lord Hardwicke this is explicitly 
 avowed, in a remarkable declaration occasioned 
 by the publication of two sermons by the cele- 
 brated Dr. Watson, afterwards Bishop of Llan- 
 daff, one of them being entitled " the Principles 
 of the Revolution vindicated." 
 
 " The Divinity professor's low flying sermon 
 has received strictures from a wealthy hosier, 
 known to the Church as a member of the So- 
 ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel." 
 
 " He is a Tory of the old Filmer stamp, and 
 will not convince or please many readers ; yet 
 he is not without some good strokes at the 
 Doctor." b 
 
 a October 19, 1776. 
 
 b The parallel of this is in Junius. Speaking of Dr. 
 Blackstone, (author of the Commentaries,) he says, " Now 
 
54 
 
 " But non tali auxilio. The Whigs are the most 
 offended at such rhapsodies ; and this preacher 
 should have been reproved by one of us* for 
 drawing such invidious and false consequences 
 from our sacred b principles" 
 
 This personal appropriation — this solemn in- 
 troversion of the abstract principles of the Re- 
 volution, is so strikingly peculiar as to corrobo- 
 rate very forcibly, if not establish, what has been 
 already assumed, that the writer was the author 
 of the Letters of Junius ; more especially, bear- 
 ing, as it does, on the face of it, those verbal and 
 other resemblances pointed out in the notes, 
 and also the ecce signum, as it were, of Junius, 
 since the quotation " Non tali auxilio" adopted 
 by Wray is twice similarly used by the former. 
 
 for the Doctor," " At 'em again, Doctor." — (Woodfall's Edit. 
 Vol. I. p. 570.) "As to the Doctor, I would recommend 
 him to be quiet. If not, he may perhaps hear again from 
 Junius himself." — (Philo-Jun. Vol. I. p. 543.) 
 
 a Junius, too, was desirous of confining the reproof of par- 
 ticular persons to himself, and jealous of the interference of 
 others. Under the signature of Anti- Belial, he says ' ' I have 
 great faith in Junius, aud wish the friends of the cause would 
 leave Lord Mansfield entirely to his care. It is not fair to 
 anticipate his arguments or to run down the game which he 
 has started." — (Misc. Letters, No. 103. Woodfall's Edit.) 
 
 b f The sacredness of our common cause." — (Junius's 
 Misc. Letters, Vol. III. p. 278.) 
 
55 
 
 Alluding to Lord Townshend and his brother 
 the Hon. C. Townshend, Junius writes a , 
 
 " Are these the pair who are to give stability 
 to a wavering favourite, and permanency to a 
 locum tenens administration ? Alas ! alas ! 
 
 " Non tali auxilio," &c. 
 Again, under the signature of Anti-Stuart b 9 
 
 " Your correspondent Anti-Van-Teague, in 
 your paper of Friday se'nnight, has undertaken 
 a task far, I am afraid, above his abilities. His 
 inclination I believe to be very good, but 
 " Non tali auxilio," &c. 
 
 a August 25, 1767, (Misc. Letters.) In this letter he in- 
 forms us, " I am not a stranger to this par nobilefratrum. 
 I have served under the one, and have been forty times pro- 
 mised to be served by the other. Its accordancy with the 
 relative circumstances of Wray is obvious. He was Deputy 
 Teller of the Exchequer, while one of the brothers was a Lord 
 Commissioner of the Treasury and the other was Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer, and of course in attendance upon both. 
 
 b March 24, 1768, (Misc. Letters.) The subject and sig- 
 natures here are with reference also to the Revolution. 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 The closing act of Junius's labours was the 
 Dedication of them " to the English Nation " 
 with this declaration, " I am the sole depositary 
 of my own secret, and it shall perish with me." 
 That he should, while living, be desirous of 
 concealing the authorship, exposed as he was 
 to the violent enmities he had provoked among 
 those whom he designates " the worst and most 
 powerful men in this country," is reconcilable 
 with the suggestions of common prudence and 
 discretion ; but that he should voluntarily re- 
 nounce all personal title to posthumous fame- — 
 that he should die and make no sign, is such an 
 instance of philosophical indifference, of self- 
 devotedness to a cause, only to be paralleled 
 among that people from whom he derived his 
 cognomen. And yet the prototype is Wray ! 
 Gifted with knowledge and attainments above 
 his fellows, and eminently distinguished in the 
 pursuits of literature, he, too, left no acknow- 
 ledged production, (though many exist anony- 
 
57 
 
 mously) to mark his name : and that the secret 
 of his literary labours might perish with him, 
 by a codicil to his will (the last recorded act of 
 his life), he expressly ordered all — all his papers 
 to be burned. 
 
 But, how limited, indeed, is human foresight ! 
 In the accidental preservation and subsequent 
 publication of the Private Letters of Junius to 
 Woodfall and Wilkes, and of Wray's to Lord 
 Hardwicke, we behold confounded " the wis- 
 dom of the wise" — we behold revealed the 
 secret of the authorship of the Letters of 
 Junius. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 SELECTIONS 
 
 FROM THE CORRESPONDENCE OF MR. WRAY 
 WITH THE HONOURABLE P. YORKE, 
 
 AFTERWARDS LORD ROYSTON, 
 
 AND THE SECOND LORD HARDWICKE. 
 
 " Queen's College, Cambridge, 
 Jan. 8, 1741. 
 
 " Nothing has flattered me so agreeably as that con- 
 fidence and intimacy you treat me with, after an acquaint- 
 ance so lately made; though I rather fancy I fix the 
 aera of it too low. I had heard of your extraordinary 
 qualities from all my Cambridge friends, and was much 
 at your service before I ever saw you ; and G. R. a and 
 H. C., a I reckon, had puffed my humour to you : 
 
 ' Virgilius, post hunc Varius dixere quid essem.' 
 So that without ante-dating my patent, I may lawfully 
 
 * He often speaks of his friends Rooke and Coventry, to whom, 
 therefore, I apprehend these initials refer. — G. R. was Dr. George 
 Henry Rooke, afterwards Master of Christ's College, and a writer in 
 the Athenian Letters. Coventry was the author of the Dialogues 
 of Philemon and Hydaspes. He was an admirable scholar, and a 
 very accomplished man. Two of the Athenian Letters are by him. 
 
60 
 
 take my seat amongst your old friends. But this may be 
 carried much higher, beyond all positive institution, quite 
 into the original fitness of things. 
 
 ' Certe est quod me tibi temperat astrum.' — 
 
 " Our dispositions are suited to each other. The ease 
 and fire you write with is very oddly joined with an appe- 
 tite for being criticised ; and my attention to minute 
 particulars* qualifies me to find fault with pieces that 
 are the most correct. You, most unlike an author, dis- 
 trust your own judgment ; and I, like a true critic, am 
 peremptory in my decisions. If you emulate Gracchus, 
 I take myself to be no bad Licinus ; and have my pitch- 
 pipe always ready to take you down a note or two. Ima- 
 gine yourself a play-wright, then I sweep your stage ; or, 
 if you are considered as a preacher, I ring the bell, and 
 sometimes, perhaps, furnish a text. 
 
 " But the relation between us b , I allow, is only to last 
 while you are at leisure, illudere chartis, and are divert- 
 ing yourself in the porticos of Athens, and the gardens of 
 Susa c . When you leave this fairy land and settle in 
 Britain, I resign my censorship. I wait upon you to 
 the door of the House, consigning you to the judgment 
 of the public, and the correction, if you should want it, 
 of the orators. 
 
 3 Junius also declares, " I weigh every word, and every altera- 
 tion, in my eyes at least, is a blemish." (Private Note to Woodfall, 
 No. 45.) 
 
 b " I acknowledge the relation between Cato and Portia," &c. 
 (Junius's Private Note to Wilkes, No. 77.) 
 
 c Part of the local in the correspondence between Athens and 
 Persia in the Athenian Letters. 
 
61 
 
 " Thus far had I written as an apology for the un- 
 merciful licence I took with your Last Philosopher* , and 
 was going on to the Cambridge Gazette, when I received 
 the favour of your second, and found my friend Mr. 
 Charles^ had exhausted the only article of consequence. 
 That iniquum certamen, ubi ego verberando, &c. be- 
 tween me and Madam M. has indeed engrossed all the 
 speculations of this place. The affair of Dormer and 
 Pulteney was but a type of it. The General could never 
 be so tragical as our heroine, nor was the Member of 
 Parliament half so arch as your humble servant. There 
 was a design of putting us under arrest, with a beadle at 
 each of our doors ; but the Vice Chancellor being acci- 
 dentally a man of the world, took our parole of honour, 
 and we travelled all over the town, representing our case 
 at every tea-table : you will easily imagine what ad- 
 vantage the thunder of my eloquence gave me. I made 
 Miss F. C. speak, and the Rector of Drayton stare. 
 The personages you would name for mediators were my 
 avowed advocates, and, assisted by my little friend, who 
 is an absolute dragoon, and can fight as well on foot as 
 on horseback, turned the Monday nighfs roar so strongly 
 in my favour, that 
 
 ' Ready stood two precious drops, 
 
 Each in their crystal sluice.' 
 
 But I forbear : I must not triumph ; we are very good 
 friends, and on Sunday, a thick piece of bread and butter 
 
 a Alluding to one of the Athenian Letters. 
 
 b The celebrated Charles Yorhe. 
 
 c I am not antiquary enough to elucidate this passage. 
 
62 
 
 was ordered for me, in the presence of Lord Dupplin 
 and Mr. Townshend. 
 
 ' Quid voveat dulci nutricula majus alumno ? ' 
 
 The abovesaid Honourable and Iiight Honourable, — a 
 Vice Chancellor of our own, Dr. Simpson*,-— a new 
 Master of Magdalen still more orthodox, Rhoderick's 
 cousin, Abbot b , — and statutable stuffing at Christmas, 
 will, I trust, be some excuse for my delay in answering 
 you. Besides, as you candidly observe, by sending Mr. 
 Charles, I sent you more than I had to say. 
 
 " If your Philosopher be at all improved, it is owing 
 to him. All I did was to raise a few doubts and objec- 
 tions. He most readily entered into the spirit of them, 
 and presented immediately the thought or expression I 
 was looking for ; 
 
 * Nor could I burn so fast as he could build.' 
 
 The compliments you transmit from the ladies make me 
 
 so proud, that I can scarce deign to subscribe myself 
 
 your humble servant, 
 
 " D. W." 
 
 October 7, 1742. 
 
 " I so utterly detest all compliments, that I have con- 
 tracted an awkwardness in giving utterance to the debts 
 of honour in gratitude, and in esteem, which I mean, and 
 wish to pay. I am puzzled very often to say what I 
 
 a Edward Simpson, LL.D., Master of Trinity Hall. 
 b Edward Abbot, M.A., of Emanuel College j Master of Mag- 
 dalen College, 1740—1746. 
 
63 
 
 have most at heart, in addressing an agreeable friend, or 
 a fine woman. 
 
 " I am determined in future to reform in style, and 
 have some complaisant phrases for pocket-money upon 
 occasion. I find they are necessary ; and, without being 
 more civil, I cannot be sincere. 
 
 " In the mean time, till I am perfect in the new dia- 
 lect, I must throw myself upon the fertile imagination of 
 those who love me, and who will, in their benevolence, 
 add the lumina orationis in their due places a . 
 
 " I took up lately Petronius ; and the further I went 
 with him, the more do I wonder how critics (I do not mean 
 the literal, the word- catchers, but those majorum gen- 
 tium who talk of spirit, of taste, and of sense,) came to 
 allow him so high a rank in their order. His observa- 
 tions relative to the art are by no means uncommon ; and 
 they are seldom accurately deduced, or clearly expressed. 
 Indeed they are but few, and come in — one can scarce 
 tell how. 
 
 " The book is a novel, formed upon low and grossly 
 debauched characters, which, for aught I know, may be 
 well enough marked out and preserved. The distance 
 of time, and the difference of manners, throw obscurity 
 over such writings ; and the text is often corrupt, as well 
 as mutilated. But I cannot, and will not suppose that it 
 could, even to a Roman of his day, have more of enter- 
 tainment than we allow to the Polite Conversation of 
 Swift. They are pictures of objects which deserve no 
 attention. I say nothing to the obscenity, as it certainly 
 
 a " I dare affirm that a more elegant paragraph, and more in- 
 geniously turned cannot be discovered in English prose." 
 
 Hardinge. 
 
64 
 
 was in more general fashion at Rome, than as yet it is 
 with us. In a little time, perhaps, we shall be ancients 
 in this particular : our leaders at Paris are so already. 
 
 " I should mention the verses, which I think are ad- 
 mired. There is now and then a good line, but they are 
 most unequal in the same copy ; some are bombast, others 
 quite insipid. You, who are so covetous of your time, 
 will abuse me for throwing away mine. But the author's 
 reputation tempted me page after page. Hope whispered 
 the good that was to come at last. In truth, I have been 
 too much in motion, and my thoughts continue to vi- 
 brate. I endeavour to fix them, but hitherto in vain ; so 
 His me consolor. I amuse, if I cannot content myself." 
 
 October 10, 1745. 
 " You will probably, dear Sir, knit your brows, and 
 will turn up your nose at a direction in my hand, who was 
 never good at a news-book, and, in my recent attention 
 to Exchequer business, must be unqualified the more to 
 give you any information. But I don't mean to inform 
 you : I mean to thank you. An event of such consequence 
 to me, so unexpected, and sudden, besides the hurry of 
 settling myself in the office, kept me in such a perpetual 
 agitation of spirits, that every part of this transaction ap- 
 peared 6 like a phantasma, or delicious dream.'' I was 
 in the condition of the Sultan just lifting his head out of 
 the water ; nor could I, for the soul of me, conceive, how 
 such a multitude of things could have happened in six 
 little days, or that my situation could have been altered 
 from all it was, or thought it should ever be, a week be- 
 fore. But, now that I am seated in your deputed throne, 
 and have snuffed up the caelum Aventinum, the sober air 
 of the Exchequer, I have returned in some degree to my 
 
G5 
 
 senses ; and the more I consider your favour, the more I 
 turn it over in all its lights, the more heightened is the 
 obligation. In this age, corrupt as it is called, and as I 
 believe it is, here is an instance of great preferment (for, 
 amongst ourselves in the office, we may allow that it is 
 great), bestowed, not upon the footing of parliamentary 
 interest, or private accommodation, or because a Duke 
 
 is my cousin, arid my sister a a ; but, who can 
 
 believe it ? Because you love me, and because my Lord b 
 is not wise enough to disallow the modest claim of dis- 
 interested friendship ; because you think I shall discharge 
 the duty reposed in me faithfully, and have a kind pre- 
 possession that (ut me collaudem) I am good for some- 
 thing else. It is the reverse of Swift's Great Man and 
 his Dependents : 
 
 ' At table you can Horace quote, 
 He at a pinch can bribe a vote/ &c. 
 
 There is, however, I doubt, some danger as to the poeti- 
 cal and classical qualifications. May not the chink of 
 the money-bags a little spoil the ear for diviner music ? 
 And may not we learn to hold a bank-note more canta- 
 bile than an ode ? 
 
 ' Inter scabiem tantam, et contagia lucri ? * 
 
 Horace wonders that his friend Iccius can study the 
 Philosophers, et adhuc sublimia curet ; and I can scarce 
 believe that Agrippa's Bailiff in Sicily had more weights 
 to hinder him from soaring than your Deputy has. 
 
 a Junius, also, uses similar language. — " Granted to support the 
 chastity of a Minister's whore, the integrity of a pimp, or the cor- 
 rupted blood of a bastard." (Misc. Letters of Junius, No. 27.) 
 
 b Lord Hardwicke (the Chancellor). 
 
 G 
 
66 
 
 " This affair has one circumstance, which, when it 
 first struck into my head, made me a little serious. — You 
 had honoured me with your affection, and, what is ever 
 the consequence of such whims, treated me as your equal. 
 Now, this equality is no more ; not only from the rela- 
 tion of principal and of subordinate, but from the very 
 obligation itself : we are properly no longer friends ; we 
 are patron and client. But my second thoughts have 
 set all this right again. The best part of my good for- 
 tune is, that I am obliged to you. Favours received from 
 a man of sense and virtue, are just and reasonable mo- 
 tives to conscious pride. Nay, to join the sentiments of 
 gratitude with principles of esteem and affection, sup- 
 plies an honest heart with a new set of pleasures. If I 
 look abroad for the opinion of the world, how honour- 
 able to be distinguished by you and Lord Chancellor! 
 And amongst our acquaintance, the manner in which you 
 offered and confirmed the boon, will place me in the most 
 advantageous light. That verse of Terence hits my 
 case, and I cannot get it out of my head : 
 
 ' Non tam ipso dono quam abs his datum esse, 
 Hoc vero sensu triumpho,' 
 
 I hold myself obliged to lay before you, as my principal, 
 a journal of my transactions ever since jovl left the 
 Exchequer upon my shoulders. Imprimis I waited upon 
 the Lords of the Treasury, where I encountered a full 
 board. When I came in, Mr. Pelham graciously wished 
 me joy. I took a short oath, and then boldly (though 
 
 Mr. L- looked at me over the back of his chair) 
 
 walked round the table to him, and I delivered your 
 compliment pretty roundly. He answered, 6 that he went 
 out early that morning, but Lord Chancellor had men- 
 
67 
 
 tioned me to him, and he was glad so worthy a man was 
 appointed.' He went on to ask me after Mr. Towns- 
 hend ; I mumbled, I bowed, and I took my leave. By 
 the time that I got back to my office it was time to lock 
 up the chest ; so all my business was to turn, and carry 
 off a most formidable key. These duties thus over, 
 
 * Inde domum me 
 
 Ad porri, et ciceris refero, lachanique catinum.' 
 
 I took a dinner of milk, to reduce my spirits into disci- 
 pline of temper amidst all this glory. Yesterday I wrote 
 the solemn words, Daniel Wray, Deput. horCblis Phil. 
 Yorke, upon many long parchments, with great suffi- 
 ciency. I even asked some few questions, partly for in- 
 formation, partly to persuade the clerks that I was not 
 entirely ignorant; for Charles's Mr. Parker*, and 
 Tommy Townshend's Mr. Dive b , had given me lights. 
 They are able and willing to lead me into all the myste- 
 ries, and through them. To-day, having signed so man- 
 fully before, I had only to observe the course ; and all 
 this I affirm to be as pretty amusement as running half 
 the day over the town to find scarce a human creature at 
 home. I cannot help telling you, like the Journalist in 
 the Spectator, that, upon the faith and credit of my office, 
 I bought a pair of garters, have actually chosen cloth 
 
 for a coat, and am thinking of a mahogany table 
 
 " I am, Dear Sir, 
 
 " Your most affectionate, 
 
 " Obliged, and gratefully devoted, 
 
 "D. wray: 1 
 
 a John Parker, Esq. 
 
 b John Dive, Esq. First Clerk in the Office for Annuities, under 
 the Auditor of the Exchequer. 
 
 G 2 
 
68 
 
 About 1745. 
 " Your doctrines de re vestiarid are no less orthodox 
 than de re medicd. The warm ivaistcoats are accord- 
 ingly laid in ; and the Shag, toties decant atus, has long 
 since been delivered over to the secular arm of Anthony*. 
 But I have provided an equal successor; non deficit 
 alter. I may add that it is aureus, for the silver lace 
 almost is ripened into gold. Indeed, I intend my ward- 
 robe shall be ever equipped with such venerable antiqui- 
 ties. They are a kind of breast-plate, in which the 
 satirical wit of my bantering friends will remain sus- 
 pended when I am safe behind it b . If I did not aban- 
 don to their archness a waistcoat, they would pick a hole 
 in my coat/" 
 
 Oct. 25, 1746. 
 
 " . . . . The Quarter is received, and a laudable one 
 it is ; ready for you at your pleasure. The other day, 
 when money was paid for the army, I could not but re- 
 flect with pleasure on the persons of the Deputy Pay- 
 master, and of the Deputy Teller. The golden age, 
 thought I, of Augustus, or of Charles the Second, is 
 returned, 6 when wits had places \ — But must not my 
 imagination have run up to the two Principals, and 
 close the verse, — c and great men had wit 1 ? 
 
 a His servant. 
 
 b On another occasion he uses the expression " hid themselves 
 behind their wives." This extreme peculiarity of expression also 
 twice occurs in Junius. " Lord Mansfield's policy, in endeavour- 
 ing to screen his unconstitutional doctrines behind an act of the le- 
 gislature, is easily understood." (Junius, Letter 63. 22d Oct. 1771.) 
 " It has been possible for a notorious coward, skulking under a pet- 
 ticoat, to make a great nation the prey of his ambition." (Misc. 
 Letter of Junius, No. 3. 24th June, 1767.) 
 
69 
 
 " It was edifying to observe Mr. Gr. count his notes, 
 and sign his receipts with all that phlegm, and that ab- 
 sence of sprightly images, which becomes an officer of 
 the revenue ; when I, with equal gravity, leaning over 
 my desk, superintended the labour. Ecce spectaculum 
 dignum ! I wish every dull fellow in the nation had 
 assisted, in order to be convinced what men of business 
 we make." 
 
 Oct. 6, 1759. 
 
 " Justice Lediard has kept, by way of trophies, I 
 imagine, some letters found in that gentleman's cabinet a ; 
 not letters of state, — let not your curiosity be alarmed, — 
 but a correspondence between him and Plunket, his fel- 
 low labourer in the fortune-hunting line of politics. 
 That rascal, it seems, acted in the capacity of Archer, 
 when his honoured lord and master made love in Aim- 
 well's manner. 11 
 
 Aug. 21, 1759. 
 
 " Much have I to see at Wrest, much to hear ; for I 
 trust your Lordship may indulge me in what may have 
 transpired from the Marshal Contade's papers. Our 
 specimen of him in the last Gazette was a bad one. Are 
 not Duke Werdinand's orders remarkably well written? 
 They appeared so not only to me, but also to one of the 
 oldest, and surely one of the best writers now left, the 
 Bishop of W. — Winchester. 
 
 " But how strange, that after every affair, successful 
 or unfortunate, we must have trials, ill blood, and fac- 
 tions ! 
 
 ' The celebrated Madeline's. 
 
70 
 
 ",."... The Swedish papers are of an odd cast ; 
 fierce, and obstinate in re, tedious and awkward in modo. 
 I hope we shall not have anything to do with them, 
 though we are told they are to make a visit in the north, 
 accompanied by Mons. Thurot. Will this loss in Ger- 
 many indispose our French adversaries to an attempt 
 upon England, or drive them into it ? / sat near an 
 excellent man at the Admiralty the other day, who com- 
 forted me with all the difficulties attending such a de- 
 sign? 
 
 Sept. 11, 1759. 
 
 " The i?300 loan, opened on the vote of credit the 
 day before I came to Wrest, was soon filled. Yesterday 
 came a second of £200, which goes on well a . 
 
 " The subscription of this year is at last, after so 
 many Gazettes extraordinary, advanced above par, in- 
 cluding the use on the Lottery Tickets b . As the ac- 
 counts from Spain give us five men of war got into 
 Cadiz, it has been concluded that the other two of the 
 seven escaped from Boscawen, or had fallen into our 
 
 a Two open loans at the Exchequer, in small sums, in conse- 
 quence of a vote of credit of £1,000,000 in the preceding Session 
 of Parliament. 
 
 b In another letter, quoted at p. 57, Lottery Tickets are also 
 mentioned. Wray writes, " On Thursday, at one o'clock, just as 
 the Board was breaking up, they sent for the Deputy Auditor and 
 the Tellers. It was to command that we should dispose of the 
 undrawn Tickets (more than two-thirds of the whole number)." 
 Junius also frequently alludes to them and their application. " It 
 is not possible to ascertain what further advantages he (Lord Bar- 
 rington) may have made by preference in Subscriptions, Lottery 
 Tickets" &c. (Vol. III. p. 457. See also p. 434.) 
 
71 
 
 hands; but this, after all, is logic, not history*: we 
 must not therefore depend upon it" 
 
 Sept. 27, 1759. 
 
 " I acknowledge two letters ; one, a most friendly, 
 and cheerful answer, the other on business. First, 
 therefore, of the second. The subscription was pro- 
 posed, and was urged by His Grace of Newcastle with a 
 speech, and with his own £500. Lords Anson, North- 
 umberland, and Berkeley, i?200 each. Legge, Charles 
 Townshend, General Cornwallis, George Cooke, James 
 West, James Colebrook, ^100. Lord North, £50; 
 and other small sums. 
 
 " Yesterday, at one of the bankers, I saw Lord Lin- 
 coln's name for i?200; and I have heard that Lord 
 Hardwicke has given the like sum. Thomas Towns- 
 hend you see in the city list for ^100. These are all 
 my data at present ; but subscriptions come in daily, 
 though somewhat slowly, at the bankers'. 
 
 " At Guildhall, I hear, seven or eight hundred men 
 have been enlisted ; but it is added, that, like the urbana 
 colluvies, they desert apace. 
 
 " Your mock at my invasion fears was rather unsea- 
 sonable ; as, at the time I received it, the commander- 
 in-chief was in the act of setting out for examination of 
 our defence on the Essex and Kentish coast. 
 
 " Your Lordship still has a thirst for more of these 
 particular histories. In truth, I am tired of so many 
 that are of the same inhuman kind, slaughters, burnings, 
 and starvings, &c. 
 
 a " This is fact, not declamation." (Junius, Letter 56.) 
 
72 
 
 " How is the lately rich and beautiful dominion of 
 Saxony changing every day its plunderers ! Leipsick 
 is already once more Prussian. So we believe is Dresden. 
 If so, the Saxon corps may as well return to Contade. 
 
 " I spent some few, and very agreeable days at Moor 
 Park*; and flatter myself to have been of some little 
 use to the Solicitor 13 , as he saw not a soul but the Arch- 
 deacon. We visited the environs of Latimers in parti- 
 cular, which, in the Doddingtonian phrase, is ' one fea- 
 ture^. It is indeed, & Buckinghamshire beechen dale, 
 such as you meet over the Chilterns, improved," &c. 
 
 " D. WRAY." 
 
 Sept. 11, 1760. 
 
 " However I may dislike the unanimity which has 
 cost us millions, yet I am not of Kate Matchlock's opi- 
 nion, who rejoiced at a war at home or abroad. But in- 
 deed, if one judges from papers in the coffee-house, and 
 prints in the shop-windows, nothing else is to be ex- 
 pected. 
 
 " A more violent spirit never has been raised. Ho- 
 garth himself has joined the Adventurers, and has fairly 
 taken his post amongst Grub Street engravers ; nor is he 
 a bit more ingenious than his brethren, and rather more 
 obscure, as he does not stick labels in the mouths of his 
 figures c ; his only distinction is, that he has chosen the 
 less popular side. Vict a Catoni. 
 
 a Then Lord Anson's country seat, near Rickmansworth, Herts. 
 
 b Mr. Charles Yorke, who had then lost his first wife, mother 
 to the present Earl of Hardwicke. 
 
 c " If there be any vacancies in the canvass, you will easily fill 
 them up with fixtures, or still life. You may shew us half a Pay- 
 master, for instance, with a paper stuck upon the globe of his eye, 
 and a label out of his mouth''' (Junius, Vol. II. p. 473.) 
 
73 
 
 44 . . . . You ask after my comes jucundus ; not only 
 as being pro, but in vehiculo. It was impossible that I 
 could have terminated my delightful rustication at 
 Wimple better than by passing a day with a man whose 
 conversation I so much and so justly admire. If your 
 Lordship thinks of a journey to Hagley this autumn, 
 you must not be angry if I envy your happiness. 
 
 44 I have not leisure, as you know, to beat over the 
 town for genii, or to way-lay the wits upon the King^s 
 Road. Stuart has not fallen in my way. But that I 
 should not appear quite an alien from the ingenious, I 
 can boast that Hoadly a dined with me yesterday, in his 
 way to Garrick, at Hampton. 
 
 44 ... . These fluctuations [of the funds] reach not 
 the residence from which I write 5 . Our drums have 
 been renewed by the harvest moon. Papa had last night 
 a very noble one. The meanest figure was an Esquire 
 of the Bath." 
 
 Sept. 10, 1768. 
 44 .... I have somewhere met, here and there, with 
 a little specimen or two of Bleterie's Tacitus c , and like 
 
 * Dr. John Hoadly, the Bishop's youngest son, and Chancellor 
 of Winchester. 
 
 b Mount Ararat, his country residence, at Richmond. 
 
 c Junius, as well as Wray, frequently quotes and alludes to Ta- 
 citus. Addressing Sir William Draper, Sept. 25, 1769, Junius 
 writes, " If I understand your character, there is in your own 
 breast a repository, in which your resentments may be safely laid 
 up for future occasions, and preserved without the hazard of dimi- 
 nution. The c odia in longum jaciens, quae reconderet, auctaque pro- 
 meret,' I thought only belonged to the worst characters of antiquity. 
 The text is in Tacitus ; you know best where to look for the com- 
 mentary." (Vol. II. pp. 8 — 9. Woodfall's Edit. See also quotation 
 from Tacitus, Vol. II. p. 465.) 
 
74 
 
 it wonderfully. But what can one do with any version 
 of such a writer but compare now and then a shining 
 passage with its original, out of curiosity ? The sup- 
 plement will be of more use. 
 
 " . . . . The improvements in Blenheim gardens are 
 considerable. The valley below the bridge winding be- 
 twixt woody banks, and with fine old trees upon them, is 
 covered by water, and it ends in a perpetual cascade. 
 It is at once pleasing and magnificent. Just now they 
 are continuing it further. The Provost of Eton, who 
 converses with Brown, told us that he himself cries it 
 up as the master-piece of his genius. 
 
 " . . . . There is published at Lisbon, not, of course, 
 without the consent of that Court, a memorial, sett 
 forth in strong colours the miserable state of the na- 
 tion a , who are, it says, 6 Christians without a head \ 
 and praying for a version of the Bible. Can a serious 
 man help rejoicing at this dawn of religion, and of com- 
 mon sense, where they were so little expected, though 
 we should sell them fewer barrels of cod, and of her- 
 rings? Our merchants are, however, better pleased, that 
 in future they will be obliged no longer to accept in pay- 
 ment the bills of the companies. 
 
 " .... I have to thank you for the obliging invita- 
 tion to Wimple, and for adding to its agremens, though 
 it wanted no such aid, your project of summoning Mr. 
 Jenyns? 
 
 a " Admitting my representation of the melancholy state of this 
 country, and of public credit, to be strictly true." (Junius, Vol. 
 III. p. 156.) " In my former letter I have given you a melancholy 
 i)ut a true representation of the state of this country." (lb. p. 
 166.) 
 
75 
 
 Oct. 1, 1768. 
 
 " We found all the world gaping at the King of Den- 
 mark 
 
 " At the Queen's ball, after several country dances, 
 he asked his brother monarch whether his Majesty was 
 tired ? ' Not at all ', replied the King ; and called for 
 The Hemp Dressers,, which he continued for two hours. 
 At Carlton House the same question was returned upon 
 the Dane, who confessed himself abattu, and cried 
 quarter. Our friend a at the Ferry is not reduced to the 
 expedient of a nunnery for his daughters. He has found 
 choice of habits a la Beguin amongst his Hindoo 
 friends ; and for his own castan, or serdar, a hat-full of 
 emeralds, of rubies, and of topazes. He is so learned 
 upon muslin, with or without stars, upon dresses for the 
 camp or the durbar, &c. that I would advise a person 
 who is not curious in re vestiarid ultra Gangem, to keep 
 out of his way. 
 
 " . . . . We saw lately at the Exchequer the will of 
 a rich soap-maker, who leaves i?1000 to the great and 
 good patriot William Pitt, late Secretary of State. 
 
 " The distribution of tickets for the Danish masque- 
 rade seems not to content the fine world. The city of 
 London has 400, Liverpool and Manchester 30 or 40 
 a-piece, and each University 50. 
 
 " I reckon that one may fall to my share, and shall 
 be happy to meet Roger Long, Edmund Law, and the 
 Divinity Professor, in their characters of Harlequins 
 and Punchinellos. The Vice-Chancellor may choose 
 between the Doctor s robes and his gown of King's Ad- 
 vocate. He will be no unsuitable pendant to Sir Tho^ 
 
 ■ The Rev. R. O. Cambridge, of Twickenham, near Richmond, 
 
7<5 
 
 mas Robinson, who will be certainly a principal Ji- 
 gure."* 
 
 Oct. 18, 1768. 
 
 " . . . . It is a miserable topic of consolation for us 
 old men, that, if our contemporaries leave not us, we 
 must leave them. One by one mine have almost all of 
 them left me ; and happy, thrice happy, am I to have 
 had the opportunity of making younger connexions. My 
 first prayer, and my last is, May Heaven preserve the 
 house of Yorke ! 
 
 " I hear that our friend is to be succeeded as Lord 
 Register by Lord Frederick Campbell ; and from the 
 same authority, not contemptible, that Lord Chatham 
 has resigned in anger b . 
 
 " . . . . But, indeed, my concern for that body is 
 much cooled by our late grievous loss. Into what hands 
 the administration may fall, I cannot guess ; and whe- 
 ther so many fresh water sailors may not be for putting 
 their oars into that boat as to sink her. 
 
 " . . . . Just now, in my ride, I saw in the Park c 
 their Majesties in their chaise and pair of cream-colours ; 
 and the Duke of Newcastle with his four grays, and 
 Andrew Stone. The carriages met ; but, according to 
 the most authentic information of two fern-cutters, no 
 conference." 
 
 a The style of this passage, as well as the words, forcibly reminds 
 one of the Letter of Junius giving an account of Lord Townshend's 
 turn for portrait painting. See Vol. II. p. 471, Woodfall's edit. 
 
 b In November, 1768, Lord Bristol succeeded him as Lord Privy 
 Seal. The passage is noted in p. 42. 
 
 c Richmond Park. 
 
77 
 
 Oct. 15, 1771. Dean Street. 
 
 " If I may compare great things with small, I am in 
 the same case with your Lordship, — little to do, — and 
 stript of topics. But should I venture to divert my 
 idleness 3 , when I have no information to give you? 
 You complain, that your Cambridge Heads furnished 
 not a single fact. Why, facts, my Lord, grow not upon 
 every hedge ; and if Dyer were to rise from the dead, 
 he could never support his periodical MS. 
 
 " As to the Heads, during my academical scene, a 
 moiety perhaps was dull, a few agreeable, and my per- 
 sonal friends — in general good enough to pass a dinner, 
 and smoke an evening's pipe. Hcec est conditio vivendi. 
 It is in vain to expect every day. 
 
 c Insigne, recens, adhuc 
 Indictum ore olio.' 
 
 Nor are great examples wanting, or at a distance, for 
 proof, that facts are not of the importance that some 
 folks would assign to them. 
 
 " Without any events at all to account for it, a sud- 
 den, as well as considerable fall of stocks took place, 
 even upon a Saturday afternoon, a fortnight ago. No- 
 thing asserted could stand for a moment b ; but the sinking 
 
 a " Having nothing better to do, I propose to entertain myself and 
 the public." (Junius, Private Letter, No. 52. Jan. 25, 1772.) 
 
 b " The weight of the funds is of itself sufficient to press them 
 down. How then should it be possible for them to stand ?" &c. 
 (Junius, Vol. III. p. 79.) 
 
 " In my last letter I foretold the great fall of the Stocks, which 
 has since happened, and I do not scruple to foretell that they must 
 and will fall much lower. Yet I am not moved by the arts of 
 stock-jobbers, or by temporary rumours, magnified, if not created, 
 for particular purposes in the Alley. These artifices are directed 
 
78 
 
 went on, continued at first by a set of jobbers, who had 
 sold stock for time, and had made insurances upon the 
 falling scheme. They employed brokers, who usually do 
 business for the knowing ones, to sell out of all the funds 
 at once. That gave the alarm, and people followed hel- 
 ter-skelter. 
 
 " We hear likewise from Change Alley, that insur- 
 ances are now doing there at £5 to receive dfPlOO in case 
 the Pretender should be King of Poland in two years. 
 This too sets all facts at bay. 
 
 " Have you heard of the congress at Inverary? So 
 fine a duke, and so fine a duchess, there, opening house 
 after so long an interregnum, drew all the country ; and 
 though fifty beds were made, they were so crowded, that 
 even David Hume, for all his great figure, as a philoso- 
 pher and historian, or his greater as a fat man, was 
 obliged by the adamantine peg-maker to make one of 
 three in a bed. 
 
 to maintain a fluctuation, not a continued fall." (Junius, Vol. III. 
 p. 157.) 
 
 " I never lay in wait to take advantage of a sudden fluctuation, 
 much less would I make myself a bubble to bulls and bears, or a 
 dupe to the pernicious arts practised in the Alley? (Misc. Letter, 
 19th Aug. 1768.) 
 
PASSAGES 
 
 FROM 
 
 A POETICAL PORTRAIT OF MR. WRAY, 
 
 WRITTEN BY HIMSELF a , 
 
 AND COMMUNICATED TO HIS FRIEND ME. WOLLASTON, 
 OF CHARTER-HOUSE SQUARE. 
 
 After an introduction in which he makes his friend ask 
 him, in language full of humour and comic satire, why 
 he is not gravely ambitious — a politician — a popular di- 
 vine — a justice of peace, or an attorney ; he makes this 
 answer : 
 
 " My dearest friend, for reasons more than one 
 Those crowded roads to wealth and fame, I shun. 
 Retir'd from honest toil, by fortune blessM, 
 On me his care, his hope, my father plac'd, 
 Child of his age ; nor thought it wise to spare 
 What many a Plumb would grudge his booby heir. 
 By Walker b taught Pelides* wrath to read, 
 And Philip's arms by Attic thunder staid, 
 With nobler truths my opening mind to store 
 Me Cam receiv'd upon his learned shore. 
 
 a Composed while on a visit in 1738 or 1739 at Yartie House 
 in Devonshire, the seat of Lord King, and first published in Har- 
 dinge's Life of Wray. 
 
 »> Thos. Walker, LL.D., Head Master of Charter-house School 
 when Mr. Wray was a scholar there. 
 
80 
 
 The Freshman there no greasy gown did wrap ; 
 Gold were my tufts, and velvet was my cap a ; 
 In state my dinner I cum Sociis eat, 
 And loird on Sundays in the RevVend pit ; 
 Thus plac'd, who saw me well might judge my sire 
 Some Bank Director, or wide-acred squire. 
 
 " But, not content with ease, and science, there, 
 For classic earth I long'd, and Baian air : 
 My mother from my fond embraces torn, 
 Whom I must ever honour, ever mourn, 
 Though loth to part, yet studious to prevent 
 My faintest wishes, wept, and gave consent" 
 
 He then describes the scene from which he writes in 
 lines full of spirit, but closing them with his favourite 
 nymph Euphrosyne. 
 
 " Here too my jokes I crack with high-born Peers, 
 And Club testons b with future Knights of Shires. 
 King, Darcy, Douglas c , my free sallies bear, 
 Nor Marlborough' 's d Heir disdains my chaise to share. 
 ReturnM, my sum of crotchets to complete, 
 Amongst the sages of Crane Court e I sit. 
 
 * * * * 
 The passion too, which did the boy engage, 
 Assum'd new vigour with my ripening age : 
 
 a " Those badges of the Fellow Commoner form, in this passage, a 
 line worthy of Pope in cadence and poetical effect." (Hardinge.) 
 
 b A foreign coin. 
 
 c Lord King, Lord Holdernesse, and Lord Moreton. 
 
 d This, I apprehend, was Charles, Earl of Sunderland, who be- 
 came Duke of Marlborough in 1735. 
 
 e The Royal Society, into which he was received in 1 729. 
 
81 
 
 The passion for the Muse — still as ye roll, 
 My years respect it ! nor untune my soul a ; 
 While whims thus various filPd my labouring brain, 
 Say, could I court the chiefs in Warwick Lane ? 
 For barbarous Norman lose my Tuscan change, 
 And through the Law's wide lab'rinth puzzling range 5 ? 
 Could I bow low, a rustling scarf to get, 
 To a fool's head beneath a coronet : 
 And, long to coxcombs used to give no quarter, 
 Praise vice and folly circled in a garter ? 
 With a pad nag and books at my command, 
 To buy a Borough, should I sell my land ; 
 With panting lungs d ambitious to debate, 
 And fast at Westminster, to dine at eight. 
 # # # # 
 
 . . . Just where the fancy leads, I stroll about, 
 And ramble with associates, or without ; 
 At Ripley's fabrics laugh, or feed my eye 
 With RysbracWs bust, or Hogarth's charity ; 
 From the Comptroller's boat survey the piers, 
 Or gape at rattle-snakes and Greenland bears. 
 
 a Here, it should seem, he was fond of the muse ; yet except 
 those vers de societe, an inscription at Wimple, and another trifle, 
 we have not a known verse of his hand. Probably many exist 
 anonymously. Those which remained in his own possession at the 
 time of his death, were, by the codicil to his will, expressly ordered 
 to be burned. (See Note (b), p. xv. in the Introduction.) 
 
 b "Admirably expressed." (Hardinge.) 
 
 e " Pope would not have disowned these lines j and they are 
 very like him. I recollect a verse by him : 
 
 " * Bare the best heart that lurks beneath a star. 1 " (Hardinge.) 
 
 J This alludes to his constitutional malady. 
 
 H 
 
82 
 
 With rambling tired, with gazing satisfied, 
 
 Now RathmellV awful curtain opens wide 5 , 
 
 To seat me in that friendly-jarring train 
 
 Who bow the knee to Pellafs gentle reign, 
 
 Where Birch displays his candid vehemence, 
 
 Keen to collect, and eager to dispense, 
 
 And where a Cctndish c , tho' no Chatsworth Lord, 
 
 Would charm with taste and sense the listening board. 
 
 My day with peers and claret now I close, 
 
 And factions in our little Rome compose ; 
 
 On Bourchier's friendly summons I attend, 
 
 And to a nipperkin of Port descend : 
 
 The charms of science now with Folkes d I taste, 
 
 Enlarged by freedom, and by friendship grac'd. 
 
 6i When Summer calls, the empty town I quit, 
 And Tony* with his cloak-bag all my suite : 
 Ride whether north or south, to Queen's or Yartie, 
 Or at Knoll Hills f complete the stubborn party. 
 
 a This man kept a coffee-house on the North side of Henrietta- 
 street, Covent Garden, much frequented by Dr. Mead, and other 
 Literati at that time. 
 
 b The several boxes in the coffee-room were at that period sepa- 
 rated from each other by a curtain only ; a custom now obsolete. 
 
 c Junius also thus abbreviates the name in one of his Private 
 Notes. Speaking of a packet which Mr. Woodfall had received for 
 him, with the Arms of Cavendish on the cover, he says " the paquet 
 cannot come from the Candishes, though there be no end of the 
 family. They would not be so silly as to put their Arms on the 
 cover." — (Private Note, No. 10.) The mode too of spelling 
 packet is a peculiarity of Wray's. (See ante p. xii. Introduction.) 
 
 d President of the Royal Society. 
 
 e A servant who remained with him to his death. 
 
 f The summer retreat of Nicholas Hardinge, Esq. 
 
83 
 
 Forgive, dear Friends, if it exceeds my power, 
 To push your int'rest, or increase your store. 
 Happy, that mirth and reason I can blend, 
 And laughing still your little follies mend ; 
 That without me you pass with less delight 
 The cheerful morn, and philosophic night ; 
 If no mean pleasures taint my heart or fame, 
 No sordid views can avarice injiame^ \ 
 That such my faults, could I the list relate, 
 As friends would pardon, foes must aggravate ; 
 That still my verse a chosen sett can taste, 
 Plain, but not lifeless ; blithe, but not unchaste.' 1 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LORD HIGH TREASURER AND HIS OFFICE, 
 
 NOW EXECUTED BY 
 
 LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY ^. 
 
 The Lord High Treasurer is the third great officer of 
 the Crown. He is appointed not only by His Majesty's 
 
 a Wray was generally considered, among his friends, as penurious, 
 and frequently bantered by them upon it. This line probably al- 
 luded to it. His views were those of Junius, who similarly ex- 
 presses them, though more at large. " What you say about the 
 profits is very handsome : I like to deal with such men. As for 
 myself, be assured that / am far above all pecuniary views, and no 
 other person, I think, has any claim to share with you. Make the 
 most of it, therefore, and let all your views in life be directed to a 
 solid, however moderate independance : tuithout it no man can be 
 happy, nor even honest" (Junius's Private Note, No. 59, March 5, 
 1772.) 
 
 b From Beatson's Political Index, 2 vols. Second Edit. 1788. 
 
 H 2 
 
84 
 
 delivering unto him a white staff, but also by letters 
 patent. He is a lord by his office, and governeth the 
 upper Court of Exchequer ; has the custody of the King's 
 treasure, and of foreign and domestic records there de- 
 posited. He has the appointment of all Commissioners 
 and other officers employed in collecting the revenues of 
 the Crown. He has the nomination of all escheators, 
 and disposal of all places anywise relating to the revenue 
 and of the kingdom, and power to let leases of the 
 Crown lands. His place he holds during pleasure, and 
 is accounted of great value as well as power. 
 
 This great office is now executed by five persons, who 
 are called Lords Commissioners for executing the office 
 of Lord High Treasurer, viz. the First Lord of the 
 Treasury has a salary of ^4,000 per annum, and the 
 other four have £1,600 a year each. Under these are 
 two joint secretaries, four chief clerks, two solicitors, and 
 many other inferior officers. 
 
 The office of Chancellor of the Exchequer is always 
 held by one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, 
 (except upon some very particular occasions, when the 
 Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench is appointed to 
 act as such.) He is styled Chancellor and Under Trea- 
 surer of the Exchequer : he has the custody of the Ex- 
 chequer seal ; he has also the comptrolment of the rolls 
 of the Lords of the Treasury, and sits in the Court of 
 Exchequer above the Barons of Exchequer. He has 
 many lucrative offices in the Court of Exchequer in his 
 
 gift. 
 
LORDS COMMISSIONERS 
 
 FOR EXECUTING THE OFFICE OF 
 
 LORD HIGH TREASURER, 
 
 FROM THE TIME OF WEAY'S APPOINTMENT AS DEPUTY 
 TELLER, TO THE CLOSE OF JUNIUS's CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 December 25, 1744. 
 Hon. H. Pelham (and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Charles, Earl of Middlesex (afterwards D. of Dorset). 
 Henry Fox, Esq. (afterwards Lord Holland). 
 Hon. Richard Arundel. 
 George Lyttelton, Esq. 
 
 June, 1746. 
 Hon. H. Pelham (and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Charles, Earl of Middlesex. 
 George Lyttelton, Esq. 
 Hon. Henry Bilson Legge. 
 John Campbell, Esq. 
 
 June, 1747. 
 Hon. H. Pelham (and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 George Lyttelton, Esq. 
 Hon. Henry Bilson Legge. 
 John Campbell, Esq. 
 Hon. G. Grenville. 
 
 May, 1749. 
 Hon. H. Pelham (and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 George Lyttelton, Esq. 
 
86 
 
 J. Campbell, Esq. 
 
 Hon. G. Grenville. 
 
 Hon. Henry Vane (afterwards Earl of Darlington). 
 
 March 9, 1754. 
 Sir Wm. Lee, Knt. (Ld. C. J. of the King's Bench, and 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
 March 16, 1754. 
 Thos. Holies Pelham (Duke of Newcastle, First Com- 
 missioner). 
 
 April 6, 1754. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Henry, Earl of Darlington. 
 
 Hon. H. B. Legge (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Thomas, Viscount Dupplin. 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. 
 
 November 22, 1755. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Henry, Earl of Darlington. 
 Sir Geo. Lyttelton, Bart. (Chancellor of the Exchequer), 
 
 afterwards Lord Lyttelton. 
 Thomas, Vise. Dupplin (afterwards Earl of Kinnoul). 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. 
 
 December 20, 1755. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Sir Geo. Lyttelton, Bart. (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. 
 Percy Windham O'Brien, Esq. (afterwards Earl of 
 
 Thomond). 
 Henry Furnese, Esq. 
 
 November 16, 1756. 
 William, Duke of Devonshire. 
 Hon. H. B. Legge (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
87 
 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. 
 
 William, Viscount Duncannon (afterwards Earl of Bes- 
 
 borough). 
 Hon. James Grenville. 
 
 April 9, 1757. 
 William Murray, Lord Mansfield (Lord C. J. of the 
 King's Bench, and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
 July 2, 1757. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Hon. H. B. Legge (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. 
 William, Viscount Duncannon. 
 Hon. James Grenville. 
 
 June 2, 1759. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Hon. H. B. Legge (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Robert Nugent, Esq. (afterwards Earl Nugent). 
 Hon. James Grenville. 
 Frederick North (Lord North). 
 
 December 22, 1759. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 Hon. H. B. Legge (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 Hon. James Grenville. 
 Frederick, Lord North. 
 James Oswald, Esq. 
 
 King George III. — March 12, 1761. 
 T. H. Pelham (Duke of Newcastle). 
 William, Viscount Barrington (Chanc. of the Exch.). 
 Frederick, Lord North. 
 James Oswald, Esq. 
 Gilbert Elliot, Esq. 
 
88 
 
 May 29, 1762. 
 
 John, Earl of Bute. 
 
 Sir Francis Dashwood, Bart. (Chanc. of the Exeh.) after- 
 wards Lord Le Despencer. 
 
 Frederick, Lord North. 
 
 James Oswald, Esq. 
 
 Sir John Turner, Bart. 
 
 April 16, 1763. 
 
 Hon. George Grenville (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
 Frederick, Lord North. 
 
 Sir John Turner, Bart. 
 
 Thomas Orby Hunter, Esq. 
 
 James Harris, Esq. 
 
 July 13, 1765. 
 
 Charles, Marquis of Rockingham. 
 
 William Dowdeswell, Esq. (Chanc. of the Exch.) 
 
 Lord John Cavendish. 
 
 Thomas Townshend, Esq. 
 
 George Onslow, Esq. (afterwards Lord Cranley and Lord 
 Onslow). 
 
 Aug. 2, 1766. 
 
 Augustus Henry, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Hon. Charles Townshend (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
 Thomas Townshend, Esq. (afterwards Lord Sydney). 
 
 George Onslow, Esq. 
 
 Pryse Campbell, Esq. 
 
 Sept. 12, 1767. 
 
 William, Lord Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice of the 
 King's Bench, Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 
 Dec. 1,1767. 
 
 Augustus Henry, Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Frederick, Lord North (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 
 George Onslow, Esq. 
 
89 
 
 Pryse Campbell, Esq. 
 Charles Jenkinson, Esq. 
 
 Dec. 81, 1768. 
 Augustus Henry, Duke of Grafton. 
 Frederick, Lord North (Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 George Onslow, Esq. 
 Charles Jenkinson, Esq. 
 Jeremiah Dyson, Esq. 
 
 Feb. 10, 1770 a . 
 Fred. Lord North (and Chancellor of the Exchequer). 
 George Onslow, Esq. 
 
 Charles Jenkinson, Esq. (now Lord Hawkesbury). 
 Jeremiah Dyson, Esq. 
 Charles Townshend, Esq. 
 
 THE COURT OR OFFICE 
 
 OF 
 
 THE RECEIPT 
 
 OP 
 
 HIS MAJESTY'S EXCHEQUER 5 . 
 
 The Auditor of the 1 This is an office of great trust 
 Receipt of the Ex- > and profit. He files the bills of 
 chequer. ) the Tellers, by which they charge 
 
 themselves with all the moneys received ; and, by war- 
 rant from the Lord Treasurer, or the Commissioners of 
 the Treasury, he draws all orders to be signed by him 
 or them, for issuing forth all moneys, by virtue of Privy 
 
 a From this time no new appointment till 1773. 
 
 b See Bcatson's Political Index, in 2 vols. 2d edit. 1788. 
 
90 
 
 Seals, which are recorded in the Clerk of the Pells' 
 office, and entered and lodged in the Auditor's office. 
 He also, by warrant of the Lord Treasurer, or the Com- 
 missioners of the Treasury, makes debentures to such as 
 have fees, annuities, or pensions, by letters patent from 
 the King, out of the Exchequer, and directs them for 
 payment to the Tellers. He daily receives the state of 
 the account of each Teller, and weekly certifies the whole 
 to the Lords of the Treasury. 
 
 At Michaelmas and Lady-day he makes a Declaration. 
 This is an abstract of all accounts and payments made 
 in the preceding half year; one for the Lords of the 
 Treasury, and the other for the Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer. He keeps the Registers appointed for pay- 
 ments in course, upon several branches of the King's 
 revenue. He holds his office for life ; and for the dis- 
 charge of these offices, he has a Chief Clerk, a Clerk of 
 the Debentures, a Clerk of the Register and Issues, a 
 Clerk of the Cash Book, and a Clerk for making out 
 Exchequer Bills ; and in the offices for annuities under 
 the Auditor are two Chief Clerks, and nine clerks under 
 them. 
 
 The Auditor at the time of Wray's appointment as 
 Deputy Teller was Robert, Lord Walpole (afterwards 
 Earl of Orford), who was succeeded in 17^1 by Henry, 
 Earl of Lincoln, afterwards Duke of Newcastle, the 
 holder of the office when Junius ceased to write. 
 
 The Tellers of the \ These are four Tellers of the Ex- 
 Exchequer, y chequer, each of whom has his De- 
 puty, his First Clerk, and four other clerks. When 
 they enter upon office, they must each of them give se- 
 curity to the amount of i?20,000 for the faithful dis- 
 
91 
 
 charge of their trust. Their office is to receive all 
 money due to the King, and thereupon to throw down a 
 bill through the pipe into the Tally Court, where it is 
 received by the Auditor's clerk, who there attends to 
 write the words of the bill upon a tally, and then delivers 
 the same to be entered by the Clerk of the Pells, or his 
 under clerk, who attends to enter it in his book. Then 
 the tally is cloven by the two Deputy Chamberlains ; 
 and while the senior deputy reads one part, the junior 
 examines the other part with the two clerks. 
 
 Tellers from 1745, when Wkay was appointed De- 
 puty to the Hon. Philip Yoeke, to 177^ when 
 Junius ceased writing. 
 
 Those starred were Tellers in Junius's time. 
 
 Earl of Macclesfield. 
 *Hon. Thomas Townshend. 
 *Hon. Ph. Yorke (afterwards Earl of Hardwicke). 
 
 Horace Walpole, Esq. (afterwards Lord Walpole). 
 1757. James, Earl Waldegrave, vice Lord Walpole. 
 
 1763. *George Grenville, Esq. (afterwards Marquis of 
 
 Buckingham), vice Lord Waldegrave. 
 
 1764. ^Robert, Lord Henley (afterwards Earl of North- 
 
 ington), vice Lord Macclesfield. 
 
 The Clerk of the Pells is in the nature of a comp- 
 troller. 
 
 He is called the Clerk of the Pells from the Latin 
 word pellis, a skin ; his office being to enter the Teller's 
 bill in a parchment skin, and all receipts and payments 
 for the King, for what cause, and by whomsoever. He 
 has a Deputy ; a clerk for the intwitus, or incomes ; 
 
92 
 
 and another for the exitus, or issues. He has also a 
 Clerk of the Declarations, and a Clerk of the Patents. 
 
 This office was held from 1760 to 1784 by the Right 
 Hon. Sir Edward Walpole, K.B. 
 
 Chamberlains of the > In their custody are many 
 Exchequer. * ancient records, leagues, and 
 
 treaties with foreign princes ; the standards of money, 
 weights, and measures ; those ancient books called the 
 Black Book of the Exchequer, and Doomsday Book. 
 Under them are four Deputy Chamberlains, in whose 
 office are preserved all counterfoils of the above tallies, 
 so exactly arranged that they can be easily found, in 
 order to be joined with their respective tallies; which 
 being done, and proved true, they deliver it attested for 
 a lawful tally to the Clerk of the Pipe, to be allowed in 
 the great roll. 
 
 Sir Simeon Stewart, Bart, and Sir John Miller, Bart, 
 were Chamberlains in 1760 ; the latter was succeeded in 
 1772 by Montagu Burgoyne, Esq. and the former in 
 1779 by the Hon. Frederick North. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 G. Woodfall, Printer, Angel Court, Skinner Street, London. 
 

 
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