Ho^- Mio New York State Education Department TEACHERS EXAMINATION PAPERS Academic year 1909-10 PAGE Contents 3 Midsummer examination 5 State certificate 41 Special drawing teachers cer- tificate 66 Training class certificate 70 PAGE Training school certificate 104 Kindergarten certificate 129 Rural school renewable certifi- cate 141 College graduate certificate. ... 143 ALBANY NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT igio G46r-09-2ooo STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1913 Whitelaw Reid M.A, LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor New York 1917 St Clair McKelway M.A. LL.D. F«'c^ C/jawc:^//or Brooklyn 1919 Daniel Beach Ph.D. LL.D. _____ Watkins 1 914 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. - - - - _ Palmyra 1912 T. Guilford Smith M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - - Buffalo 1918 William Nottingham M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse 1922 Chester S. Lord M.A. LL.D. _ _ - _ _ New York 1915 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany 1911 Edward Lauterbach M.A. LL.D. - _ _ - New York 1920 Eugene A. Philbin LL.B. LL.D. _ - - _ New York 1916 LuciAN L. Shedden LL.B. LL.D. - - _ _ Plattsburg 1921 Francis M. Carpenter -----_- Mount Kisco Commissioner of Education Andrew S. Draper LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Augustus S. Downing M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Assistant Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. Second Assistant Thomas E. Finegan M.A. Pd.D. Third Assistant Director of State Library James L Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum John M. Clarke Ph.D. Sc.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, Attendance, James D. Sullivan Educational Extension, William R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S, Examinations, Harlan H. Horner B.A. Inspections, Frank H. Wood M.A. Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. School Libraries, Charles E. Fitch L.H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Trades Schools, Arthur D. Dean B.S. Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B. m)0 V CONTENTS Midsummer examination i age Spelling 5 Elementary English 7 l''.nglish, 1st year . 8 Reading methods 9 Arithmetic lo Atlvanced arithmetic I2 Elementary algebra 14 Physics 15 liiology 17 Elementary botany iS Elementary zoology 19 Physiology and hygiene 20 (Geography 21 Elementary United States history with civics 23 American history with civics 25 History of Great Britain and Ire- land, 3 hour course . 27 History of Great Britain and Ire- land, 5 hour course 29 Civics 31 Elementary Ijookkeeping 33 History and principles of echica- tion . 35 Psychology and principles of educatioa 36 School management 37 School law 3S Drawing. . . 39 State certificate School law 41 Grammar 42 Civil government 43 American history 44. Arithmetic 45 Geology 46 Chemistry 46 Composition and rhetoric 47 English and American literature. 49 Algebra 50 Geography 51 Methods and school management. 51 History and principles of educa- tion 52 Spelling 53 Geometry 54 Physics 55 Botany 56 Drawing 56 Physiology and hygiene 58 Bookkeeping 58 General history 60 Zoology 60 Astronomy 61 Latin 62 French 62 1 German 63 Spanish 64 Special drawing examination Special drawing teachers certifi- cate 66 Training class certificate American history w ilh civics 70 Reading 74 Reading, writing and spelling.... 75 Arithmetic ' ' 76 Language, composition and gram- mar 80 Psychology 83 School law 85 School management 87 ( Geography 89 Physiology and hygiene 91 Nature study 93 History of education 95 1 )rawinf 99 Spelling loi Training school certificate American history with civics 104 Reading 106 Reading, writing and spelling... . 107 Arithmetic 108 Language, composition and gram- mar no Psychology 113 School management 115 Geography 117 Physiology and hygiene 119 Nature study 121 History of education 123 Drawing 127 Kindergarten certificate Psychology 129 School management 131 Special kindergarten methods.. . . 133 Special primary methods 135 History of education 137 Rural school renewable certificate Methods of teaching 141 College graduate certificate Psychology 143 History of education 145 Principles of education 147 Methods 149 State of Netv York Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 1.15 to 2.15 p. m., only SPELLING The folloiving passage should be dictated to the ca7ididates who should write the paragraph e?itire. Examiners should annoutice to class that improper use of capitals will constitute misspelled words. Rate papers on the italicized words. Abutting upon the back yard of Hawthorne's birthplace is the old Manning homestead of his maternal ancestors^ the home of his own youth and middle age and the theater of his struggles and triumph. It is known' ?ls number twelve Herbert street, and is a tall, unsightly, erratic fabric of wood, with nothing pleasing or gracious in its aspect or environment. The ugly and commonplace character of his surroundings here during half his life must have heen peculiarly depressing to such a sensitive temperament as Hawthorne's, and doubtless accounts for his mental habits. That he had no joyojcs- memories of this old house his letters and journals abundantly show. Its interior arrangement has been somewhat changed to accommodate the several families of laborers who have since inhabited it; but it is not difficult to identify the haunted chamber which was Hawthorne's bedroom and study. — Theodore F. Wolfe, Literary Shrines The following words are to be dictated to the candidates and may be used in sentences by the examiner to mahe the meaning clear. 51 grammar 57 tense 63 arithmetic 52 preposition 58 agreement 64 subtraction 53 conjunction 59 parse 65 factoring 54 analyze. 60 fiction 66 divisor 55 sentences 61 poetry 67 multiples 56 interrogative 62 author 68 evolution vSpelling — concluded 69 inversion 70 notation 71 concrete 72 decimal 73 ratio 74 capacity 75 measurement 76 geography 77 Mississippi 78 peninsula 79 Caribbean 80 isthmus 81 Panama 82 Adirondack 83 Philippine 84 Prussia 85 island 86 Montreal 87 Sahara 88 history 89 colonies 90 government 91 Burgoyne 92 administration 93 treaties 94 revolution 95 president 96 Lafayette 97 generals 98 executive 99 monarchy 100 Roosevelt State of New York 7 Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ni., only ELEMENTARY ENGLISH Answer seven questions in order of nurnbering. The figures in brackets indicate the number of credits assigned. 1 Name the part of speech of each word in the following selection : [10] A tady who fed the birds on her window sill for many years says she often saw the old birds teaching their little ones. 2 Give the syntax of each italicized word in the selection in question i. [10] 3 Select a character from one of the following pieces of liter- ature and in a narration of three paragraphs tell what that character did: [20] Lady of the Lake ^ Singing Leaves^ Rhoecus. 4 What traits of character are shown by the deeds you related in your answer to question 3? [10] 5 Describe the person you see in imagination when you think of o?ie of the following: the Viking, George Washington, Roderick Dhu, Douglas. [30] 6 Write a letter to a publishing house, ordering three books you have read during the last year. [10] 7 Answer one part only, either a or b. [~0] a Cite an incident in bird life given by Burroughs in Sharp Eyes and Other Papers and state the thought that the incident was used to illustrate. b Cite an incident from Warner's Ln the Wilderness and state the thought that the incident was used to illus- trate. 8 State of New York Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, August ii, 1909 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m., only ENGLISH — First Year Answer six questions in order of numbering. The figures in brackets indicate the number of credits assigned. 1 Select the phrases in the following- and tell the kind and the syntax of each : [10] The goldenrod is yellow, The corn is turning brown, The trees in apple orchards With fruit are bending down. The gentian's bluest fringes Are curling in the sun, In dusky pods the milkweed Its hidden silk has spun. 2 In each of the following sentences insert some personal pronoun and explain why the form you insert is correct: [10] {a) Here am , (/;) Here are , (r) I looked for , {d) Neither you nor can perform the trick, {e) He is taller than 3 Write an essay of at least three paragraphs on o>ie of the following subjects: [^0] (^a) How I Learned to Swim, (/->) Circus Day, {e) A Day's Fishing, (--jl. 4„,4 1, 1^ 2 ,1 I Divide -^x^ - y A- + y .r - - by ^x^- -x + ^ 2 Factor 98^3 _ 32^2^ 9.1-2 _^ 24:.rj'+ IGj'S, 4,mi--['i;,r-H^-^n^, 2m + 3 dm + 2 T-, •, ^ . 1 i r 2'«- + ;;/—! 'dm- -h m — 2 3 Reduce to simplest form 6 (/// 1- 1)- 2 — Im + 6/;^^ 4 Mary, Jane and Grace can together make 37 aprons in 15 hours; Mary can make one apron in an hour and Jane can make one in an hour and a half. How long does it take Grace to make an apron? Group II 5 S i m pi i f y ( Vd-{- Vb) ( Va - Vb) 2 2 3 6 Solve f ^ ; — -. p- -A r-—Ti — —f = x^ — 1 X - + 4.1- — 5 ' x" -I- b.r f 5 7 Simplify eac/i of the following: 8 If a certain number is multiplied by | of itself and from this product twice the number is subtracted the result is 3G ; find the number. Group III 9 Solve the following and verify one result: 4/5/ + 11 = V'Sj'+l + 2 10 Expand {'2a — b)^ by the binomial theorem, giving a/l the work for finding the coefficients. dx- J/ = 3 11 Solve ^jr^_-,y^ 12 If the numerator of a certain fraction is increased by 3 the value of the fraction is 1 ; if the denominator is increased by 1 the value of the fraction is |. Find the fraction. State of Neiv York iS Education Department 31) Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 p. m., only PHYSICS Answer 10 questions, selecting at least one from each group. Each complete atiswer will receive 10 credits. No credit will be allowed for laboratory course or notebook. Group I State the laws of capillary action. Show by aid of a drawing- how tivo of these laws may be illustrated by standing capillary tubes in water and in mercury. 2 Describe an experiment to illustrate diffusion of gases. Explain diffusion of gases by the kinetic theory. 3 State Newton's tJircc laws of motion. Illustrate two of these laws. Group II 4 A body projected vertically upward from the ground returns after 5 seconds; find {a) the initial velocity of the l)ody, {b) the hight to which the body rises. [Make no allowances.] 5 State Pascal's law. What mechanical advantage is gained in using a hydrostatic press in which the diameter of the cylin- ders are in the ratio of 1 to 8? 6 Make a diagram of a force pump, showing the position of the valves and the direction in which they open. Referring to the diagram, show when, how and why the water moves. Croup III 7 Mention the characteristics of mercury that adapt it for use in thermometers. Convert — 13° F. into the corre- sponding reading C. and explain the process. 8 A volume of gas at 7° C. measures 840 cc; find its volume when raised to 15° C, the pressure remaining constant. 1 6 Physics — concluded Group IV 9 State two laws in accordance with which stretched chords vibrate. Describe an experiment to verify one of the laws stated. lo A tuning fork makes 261 vibrations a second; find the wave length of the sound that it produces, the velocity of sound being 1131 feet a second. Explain the process. Group V II Define five of the following: watt, ohm, volt, ampere, magnetic field, shunt, electromagnet. 12 Find the internal resistance of a simple cell when the external resistance is \ ohm, the E. M. F. is 2 volts and the current is 1 ampere. 13 Describe the construction and explain the operation of the Leyden jar. Group VI 14 Describe a method of finding the candle power of a given flame. 15 Explain color as applied to opaque bodies illuminated by white light. State of Neio York 17 Education Department in Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m., only BIOLOGY Answer 10 quesiions, selecting at least two from each group. Each complete answer will receive 10 credits. No credit will be allowed for laboratory course or notebook. Group I I Make a drawing of a cross-section of the stem of a dicotyledonous plant, designating the various parts. 2 Describe the germination of the pea seed. Using draw- ings show at least two stages of the early growth of the pea plant. 3 Give the characteristics by which tivo of the following flowers may be recognized: tulip, syringa, pansy, goldenrod. Group II 4 Compare the structure of the grasshopper with the structure of the bee, indicating similarities and differences. 5 Give the life history of the tapeworm. 6 Describe the mouth parts of the crayfish. Use drawings. Group III 7 Mention the nutrients (food principles) present in each of the following foods : beans, potatoes, lean beef, cheese. 8 State the specific function of each of the following digestive fluids: gastric juice, saliva. 9 Describe the course of the blood in the systemic circulation. Group IV 10 Describe an experiment to illustrate osmosis. State why osmosis is a process necessary to plants, animals and man. 11 Discuss the relation of bacteria to plants, animals and man. 12 Define each of the following: oxidation, cell, environment, assimilation, function. iS State of Neiv York Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m., only ELEMENTARY BOTANY AttSTver eight questions. Each complete anstver will receive isyi credits. No "credit will be allowed for laboratory course or notebook. 1 Define each of the following: anther, stolon, placenta, gym- nosperm, prothallus. 2 Compare the germination and early growth of the morn- ing glory seed with the germination and early growth of the bean seed. Use drawings to illustrate. 3 Describe an experiment to demonstrate the kind of gas given off by green aquatic plants in sunlight. 4 Describe the process of fertilization in flowers. 5 Describe four adaptations for seed dispersal. Use draw- ings. 6 Describe methods of bud protection provided by nature. 7 Draw a dicotyledonous leaf. Describe the leaf drawn. 8 Suggest an experiment to illustrate the course of sap through stems. 9 Describe spirogyra as to color, form and structure. 10 Give the life history of the moss. State of Nciv York ig Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m., only ELEMENTARY ZOOLOGY Answer 10 questions. Each complete answer will receive 10 credits. No credit will be allowed for laboratory course or notebook. 1 Define cacJi of the following: cilia, siphon, oviparous, mor- phology, parasitism. 2 Make a drawing of the Paramecium, indicating each part of the organism. 3 Describe the thoracic appendages of the crayfish. 4 Give the life history of the butterfly. 5 Compare the external structure of the locust with the ex- ternal structure of the butterfly. 6 Mention the characteristics by which you would recognize the cockroach. 7 Describe the shape, attachment and actions of the tongue of the frog. 8 Give the method of respiration of cacJi of the following: amoeba, spider, fish, frog, bird. 9 State the difference between {a) the anterior and the pos- terior end of the earthworm, {li) the dorsal and the ventral surface of the earthworm. 10 Describe the structural adaptations of birds for flying. 11 Give the life history of the frog. 12 Describe the hind legs of the rabbit. 13 Give the characteristics by which you would recognize each of t%vo of the following: robin, lark, hawk, oriole. State of New York Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m., only PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE Answer 10 questions. Each complete answer will receive 10 credits. No credit will be alloived for laboratory course or notebook. 1 Define each of the following: amylopsin, quarantine, iris, lymphatic, germicide. 2 Describe the ribs as to shape, arrangement, number and attachment. 3 Draw a vertical section of a molar tooth, designating the various parts. 4 State the functions of each of the following: bile, pancre- atic juice. 5 State the effect on the heart of the habitual use of alcoholic drinks. 6 Give the physiologic uses of the following nutrients (food principles) : sugar, proteids. 7 Trace the course of the blood in its circulation through the body, beginning at the lungs. 8 Describe an experiment you have performed to show the digestion of starch. 9 State the function of each of the following: cornea, larynx. Eustachian tube, choroid coat. 10 Describe the structure and state the function of the cerebrum. 11 Mention at leasty*??^^ precautions that should be taken to preserve the eyesight. 12 State {a) how bacteria enter the body, [b) how the body destroys bacteria. 13 Describe the gross structure of the spinal cord. State of New York : Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, August 13, 1909 — 9.15 a. ni. to 12.15 p. m., only GEOGRAPHY Atiswer jo questions, selecti7tg at least one from each group. Each complete answer will receive 10 credits. Group I I Draw an outline map of North America and on it show, with name, the location of eacJi of the following: St Lawrence riv^er, Mississippi river, Rocky mountains, Appala- chian mountains, Delaware bay. 2 Locate by countries the following cities and mention some important fact regarding each: IMontreal, Glasgow, Berlin, Hongkong, Messina. 3 Name {a) the principal seaport of Japan, {b) the most important city in Turkey, {c) a section of this state noted for the salt industry, (^) the leading commercial city of the Hawaiian islands, {e) the capital of Norway. 4 Give the location of eacJi of the following: Baltic sea, Strait of Gibraltar, Ceylon, Red sea, Yellow sea. Group II 5 Name the five zones. What effect has altitude on climate? 6 What regions of South America have a heavy rainfall? What parts of South America have little or no rainfall? Ex- plain the difference. 7 What is latitude? What is longitude? Group III 8 Name an important article of export from {a) Russia, {b) Switzerland, {c) Italy, {li) Chile, (f) Argentina. 9 Briefly describe the lumber industry. Mention t%uo evils resulting from the rajDid destruction of the forests. 22 Geography — concluded 10 Describe Cuba as to location, climate, products, people and government. 11 Write a brief description of the steel industry, telling where large plants are located, how steel is made and for what it is used. 12 Describe the appearance, dress, dwellings, customs and oc- cupations of one of the following : Japanese, Hindus, Eskimos. Group IV 13 Mention four important industries of New York State and name the locality where each is carried on. 14 Write a brief description of the barge canal, stating what it is and through what parts of the state it will pass. 15 Mention txvo localities in New York State that are of special historic interest this year. State the reason in each case. State of Neiv York 23 Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 12, 1909 — 9-15 a. m. to 12.15 p. ni , only ELEMENTAR.Y UNITED STATES HISTORY WITH CIVICS This subject is required for the preliminary certificate. It does not entitle to academic counts. Answer one question in each division. Division I i State tzvo reasons why Columbus was opposed. 2 Describe briefly the explorations of John Cabot. Division II 3 Give the names of five men associated with the exploration lind settlement of Virginia. 4 Write a brief account of the "starving time" in Virginia. Division III 5 Who were the Puritans? the Pilgrims? 6 Mention a locality settled by each of the following : Dutch, Swedes, Irish, Spanish, French. Division IV 7 Mention /h'^ customs common among the Indians when preparing for war. Describe briefly one of these customs. 8 Were the Indians or the white men the more to blame for the feeling of hostility between the races? Explain your answer. Division V 9 Compare the farm implements used by the colo- nists with those used at the present time. 10 Compare the house furnishings of New England colonial times with those of the present day, touching on {a) tables and seats, {p) floor coverings, {c) wall coverings and decorations. 24 Elementary U. S. History, Etc. — concluded Division VI i \ State Hvo causes of the long struggle between the French and the English in America. 12 Mention three important events of the American wars between the French and the English. What was the final result of these wars? Division VII 13 Connect an important event in American his- tory with each oi five of the following dates: 1775, 1781, 1787, 1803, 1820, 1823, 1863. 14 Arrange the following in order of time: annexation of Texas, the Lincoln- Douglas debates, the treaty of Ghent, the inauguration of Madison, the Kansas-Nebraska bill. Division VIII 15 Write a paragraph on one of the following: Nullification, The Tariff of Abominations. 16 Write on Webster's Reply to Hayne^ touching on {a) the occasion, {b) the place, {c) main point of the speech. Division IX 17 Draw an outline map of the southern portion of the United States and on it indicate {a) three important battlefields of the Civil War, {b) the route of Sherman's March to the Sea. 18 Draw an outline map, including and naming the states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61. Division X 19 State the qualifications, the manner of election and the term of office of members of the United States Senate. 20 Give the titles of five elective officers of the State of New York and mention one duty of each. State of New York 25 Edu:atin Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TE/. CHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, August 13, 1909 — 9.15 a. m. to 12 , 15 p. 111., only AMERICAN HISTORY WITH CIVICS Anszver one question from each division. The figures in brackets in- dicate the ttumber of credits assigned. Division I i Give a brief account of the Iroquois Confederacy [8] and explain its influence on the history of New York [4]. Show why the importance of the Confederacy ceased with the Revo- lution [4]. 2 Name the colonies or states formed largely by emigration {a) from Massachusetts [3], (3) from Virginia [3]. Give the cause and the approximate time of emigration in each case [10]. 3 Account for the liberality of early colonial charters [8]. Why was less liberality shown later [8]? Division II 4 What principle -of the British Constitution was said to be violated by one of the following: {a) the Writs of Assistance [6], {p) the Townshend Acts [6], {c) the Quartering Act [6]? Mention a provision of the United States Constitu- tion applicable in the case selected [6]. 5 "No men were less revolutionary in spirit than the heroes of the American Revolution. They made a revolution in the name of Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights." Explain. [12] 6 Explain the military importance of New England at the beginning of the Revolution and its unimportance during the remainder of the war. [12] Division III 7 In what important particulars do the two prin- cipal political parties of today resemble those of Washington's time and in what do they differ from them? [12] 26 American History with Civics — concluded 8 Give a brief account of the method employed in nomina- ting candidates for the presidency \^\ State the reasons for the employment of this method and mention any objections to it [4]. ^ Division IV 9 Show how conditions in the West and Southwest made possible {a) the Burr conspiracy, {U) the settlement of Utah by the Mormons, {c) the settlement of Texas by Americans. [13] 10 Destruction of commerce (1807-14) caused the growth of manufactures in Massachusetts. Did the destruction of Southern commerce (1861-65) have alike effect in the South? Explain. [12] ^^^ Division V 1 1 Is this country in greater or less need of a pow- erful navy now than it was 100 years ago? than it was 20 years ago? Explain [8]. Give the principal arguments against large appropriations for naval purposes [4]. 12 Give an account of American relations with Cuba since 1898 [s]. What would Cuba gain and v.-hat would she lose by joining the American Union [4]? Division VI 13 Name six great American statesmen of the 19th century who did not become presidents [6] and show the con- nection of each with an important measure or event [6]. Division VII 14 When was the first United States census taken [2]? State the primary purpose of the United States census [4]. What other purposes did it serve [6]? 15 "The most prominent evil of all federal systems is the very complex nature of the means they employ. Two sover- eignties are necessarily in the presence of each other. " Show why this is an evil and tell what remedy the Constitution provides. [12] ^^^^^^^^^ Division VIII 16 Mention the principal causes of dispute be- tween the provincial governor and the people of New York in the 1 8th century. [12] 17 Mention the most important industries of New York be- fore the Revolution [6]. Give tJtree reasons for the changes that have taken place since that time [6]. State of N'c^i' York 27 Education Department 31) MiDSUMMKR Examination Fision. Each coftiplete ajtswer will receive i2j4 credits. Division I i Distinguish between civil rights and political rights. Show the force of the following statement in respect to political rights: " Where a right exists a duty always exists with it." 2 Explain the importance to a government of {a) the power to levy taxes, {b) the right of eminent domain. 3 Define or explain foiir of the following: charter, law, monarchy, specific duty, piracy, patent. Division II 4 How often and when does Congress meet in regular session? What is meant by the Fifty-eighth Congress? 5 In reference to the federal government, what was meant by "nullification"? Of what doctrine was it an expression? When and how was the question of nullification settled? 6 Compare the qualifications of a representative in Congress with those of a United States senator. Division III 7 Mention {a) three state administrative officers elected by the people, (/;) three state administrative officers appointed by the Governor. ^lention one important duty of each of the officers named. 8 What is meant by the electoral college? How are members of the electoral college chosen? Describe the method by which the electors in each state perform their function. 9 Describe briefly the process of making and ratifying a treaty. 32 Civics — concluded Division IV lo Show the necessity of a judicial department in the federal government. Mention five classes of cases in v^^hich the United States courts have jurisdiction. 11 What constitutes treason under the Constitution? What proof is necessary in order to convict of treason? What pro- vision does the Constitution make regarding the punishment of treason? 1 2 Give reasons for and against the election of town officers at the general election in November. State of New York zi Education Department 3D Midsummer Examination FOR TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, August 13, 1909 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 p. m., only ELEMENTARY BOOKKEEPING Answer the first five questions and three of the others. Each com' plete answer will receive 12^ credits. 1-2 Make a balance sheet from the following ledger footings and inventories: Student (proprietor) I275 I7384 Cash 7448 4126 Merchandise 8250 3875 Furniture and fixtures 900 Bills receivable 1428 1 127 Bills payable 350 878 Expense 449 Interest 12 16 J. H. Jones 3S4 300 C. W. Rider 1890 1450 J. B. Whitney 250 2480 Inventories: mdse ^6825; furniture and fixtures $850; ex- pense % on his money; at what price was it sold? 2 Add 56343. 64723, 57849, 23454 and show the correctness of your work by casting out the 9's. [Give process.] 3 Find the amount of water a circular cistern 6 feet in diameter and 8 feet deep will hold, allowing 231 cubic inches to the gallon. 4 A lumberman sold 26,740 ft of lumber at |21 per M and gained 28^; how much would he have gained or lost had he sold it at |17.50 per M? 5 Find the compound interest on $6500 for 1 year 6 months, at ^%, com- pounded semiannually. 6 Two spheres contain respectively 343 cubic inches and 12,167 cubic inches ; find the ratio of their diameters. 7 Find {a) the greatest common divisor of 126, 294, 462, {b) the least common multiple of 132, 144, 288, 324. 8 The assessed valuation of a certain city was |35,480,000; the tax on a certain piece of property valued at |183,760 was |826.92. Find the whole amount of tax raised in the city. 9 How many acres does a farm contain if | of it is in grass, ^\ in com, | in wheat and the remaining 33 acres in buckwheat? 10 An engineer was directed to build 15 miles of road in 12 months and was given 100 men for the work; at the end of 7 months but 6 miles of the road had been constructed. How many additional men will he require in order to complete the work in the time set? ^6 State of New Vor^ Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Tuesday, August 24, 1909 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. GEOLOGY Eacli of the follo-uing questions has lo credits assigfied to it. 1 Define five of the following; moraine, dip, concretion, dune, peat, sta- lactite. 2 Distinguish, as to origin and structure each of the following kinds of rock: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic. 3 Describe the salt deposits of western and of central New York. State a theor}' to account for these deposits. 4 State the conditions in river valleys necessary to the formation of each of the following; terraces, deltas, canons, waterfalls. 5 Describe the origin and the development of a coral reef. 6 Arrange the following in order of their appearance on the earth: birds mammals, amphibians fishes, reptiles. Mention the geologic era in which each of these kinds of life was most abundant. 7 Describe the climate and the plant life of the Carboniferous era. 8 Mention diflferent kinds of veins and describe the origin of each kind. 9 Give an account of evidences found in Europe that indicate the existence of prehistoric man. 10 Describe the geologic conditions that resulted in the formation of Long Island. CHEMISTRY Each ofthefolloivini^ questions has 10 credits assitftied to it. I Distinguish between acid and alkali, molecule and atom, acid salt and normal salt, oxidation and reduction, metal and nonmetal. Chemistry — concluded 47 2 Describe the process of determining the composition of water by elec- trolj^sis. Mention the constituents of water and give their relative proportions by weight and by volume. 3 Give t/iT'ee reasons for considering air a mixture and not a chemical compound. 4 De.^cribe a laboratory method of preparing nitrogen from the air and write the reaction involved. Compare the jshysical and the chemical properties of nitrogen with those of oxygen. 5 Compare the halogens as to {a) valence, (^b) atomic weight, {c) physical state, {d) color, {e) chemical activity. 6 State the occurrence of sulphur in nature and describe the extraction of sulphur from one of its ores. 7 Describe the process of preparing lime water from limestone and write the reactions. Give the test for lime water, writing the reaction. 8 Name the important constituents of illuminating gas and give their rela- tive importance for the production («) of heat, (^).of light. 9 Account for the raising of bread by the fermentation of yeast. Write the principal reaction. xo Find the weight of zinc chloride and of hydrogen formed by the inter- action of roo grams of zinc with hydrochloric acid. [Atomic weight of Zn=65, of Cl:=35.5.] COMPOSITION AND RHETORIC The figures in brackets indicate the number of credits assigned. 1 Our century is distinguished by an ardent return of civilized man to that love of nature from which books and urban life had temporarily diverted him. The poetry and the science of our times alike foster this love, and add to the delights which come to lovers of nature through the senses, the delights of the soaring imagination, and the far-reaching reason. In many of our mental moods the contempla- tion of nature brings peace and joy. Her patient ways shame hasty little man; her vastnesses calm and elevate his troubled mind; her terrors fill him with awe ; her inexplicable and infinite beauties with delight. Her equal care for the least things and the greatest corrects his scale of values. a Give the topic sentence of the paragraph. [3] b Give the relation of sentences two, three and four to the inain thought of the paragraph. [4J C Point out an examjjle of parallel construction. [3J 48 ('oMPOSniON AND RHETORIC COIlcludcd 2 a Write a description of a vallej'. If possible have your point of view above the valley. [12] b Point out the expression that gives the point of view, the expression that gives the first impression of the picture as a whole (fundamental image), the objects in the picture and the expressions that indicate the position of those objects. [8] 3 Write a narrative of three or four paragraphs on one of the following topics ; [25] a The Story Told by the Circus Man. b A Ride with the Man in the Moon. c The Last Day of SchooL 4 Name the kind of verse in each of the following: stanzas, mark the scansion and the cesural pauses : [20] Have you read in the Talmud of old, In the legends the Rabbins have told, Of the limitless realms of the air, Have you read it, — the marvelous story Of Sandalphon, the Angel of Glory, Sandalphon, the Angel of Prayer? Methought I heard a voice cry "Sleep no more I Llacbeth does murder sleep," the innocent sleep, Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleave of care. The death of each day's life, sore labor's bath, Balm of hurt minds, great nature's second course, Chief nourisher in life's feast. 5 Give the arguments for and against one of the following propositions : [25] a A public officer should receive no salary. b Latin should be a prescribed study throughout the high school course. c The presidential term should be extended. d Newspaper reading is unprofitable. Stale of New York 49 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Wednesday, August 25, 1909 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE Each 0/ t he following questions has isYz credits assigned to it. 1 Name the poem from which the following quotation is taken and explain fully its connection with the poem : He prayeth best who loveth best All things, both great and small ; For the dear God who loveth us. He made and loveth all. Or Show how, in the Vision of Sir Launfal, nature is represented as sym- pathizing with or as reflecting Imman feelings. 2 Name the character who had the most influence on Silas Marner's life {a) in Lantern yard, {b) in Raveloe. Tell how each influenced him. 3 Briefly outline Franklin's plan for attaining moral perfection. Or Mention the members of the Spectator Club and tell what phase of life each represented. 4 Give Emerson's ideal of a scholar and estimate the effect of his teaching on the literary life of America. Or State briefly what Ruskin says in Sesame and Lilies about a woman's education. 5 'What great historical event is commemorated in Henry V? Name in order the events that lead up to the climax of this play. Or Contrast the characters of Brutus and Cassias with regard to motives in joining the conspiracy. 6 What is Burke's estimate of the ''temper and character of the colonies" both in the North and in the South? 50 El>'GLISH ANB AMERICAN LITERATURE COHcludcd 7 Give the theme of {a) L Allegro, {d) II Penseroso. Write a brief summary of one of these poems. S Give Carlj^e's idea of a "true poet-soul" as represented by Burns. Or Explain the real or apparent change in the character of Lady Macbeth as shown in the last part of the play. ALGEBRA Each of thefolloiving questions has lo credits assigned to it. -r+2 x—Z I Fmd the value of 9.t;+14 .r«- 12.1- +35 2 Factor each of the following: 6.i- - — ll.r — 35 ; ac- +bd^ — ad- — be* ; m^ + n^ ; .r» — d^ — 2.ij + j» ; a^d - b^ 3 Find the value of -^- X ^^ zw — ,_ 3 4 Solve Vx — V .r — 5 = — =• Vx 5 If the rate of a train were 5 miles greater per hovir, it would take the train 1 hour less to travel 210 miles; what is its rate of speed? 6 Show which is the greater, 4|/2 or \\^'il 7 Extract the square root of .r- + 1 to three terms. 8 Losing the binomial theorem, find the value of ( 2 — -j- ) g Solve -j -^ , (x+y—b lo Two rectangles contain 480 sq. yd each; their difference in length is 10 yards and their difference in breadth is 4 yards. Find the length of the sides of each. State of Neiv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Wednesday, August 25, 1909 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. ' GEOGRAPHY Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1 State a marked geographic difference between Massachusetts and Iowa. Show how this difference has affected the leading industries of each of these states. 2 Arrange the following in order of importance with respect to {a) extent of territory, {b) commerce: France, Germany, Russia, United States, Japan. 3 Give four geographic conditions that have contributed to the commercial importance of the State of New York. 4 Draw a circle and on it indicate the relative position of the following wind zones : equatorial calms, trades, horse latitudes, prevailing westerlies. Show the direction of the trades and of the westerlies. 5 Locate by country each of the following: Antwerp, Lima, Valparaiso, Moscow, Madras, Fez, New South Wales, Canton, Lassa, Birmingham. 6 The 50th meridian, west longitude, crosses the equator in the mouth of the Amazon river; the 8oth meridian, west longitude, crosses the equator on the western coast of Ecuador. Compute in statute miles the distance between the places named. 7 Locate each of the following and associate with it a man or an event of historic importance: Waterloo, Athens, Quebec, Mecca, Constanti- nople. 8 Locate the following bodies of water: Great Salt Lake, Japan sea. Black sea, Baltic sea, Mediterranean sea. Red sea, English channel. Gulf of Bothnia, Bering strait, Caspian sea. 9 Mention five portions of the earth where wheat is extensively raised. 10 Draw roughly a map of the eastern and western hemispheres, showing the grand divisions. On this map trace approximately the route followed by the American fleet in its recent trip around the world. METHODS AND SCHOOL MANAGEMENT The figures in brackets indicate the number of credits assigned. I How should questions in review work differ from questions in advanced work? Illustrate. [10] 52 Methods and School Management — concluded 2 Mention three advantages and two disadvantages of rural schools as compared with large village schools. Discuss ofw of the advantages and one of the disadvantages mentioned. [lOj 3 Outline a lesson on the topic "Industries of New York State." To what grade should this lesson be given? [10] 4 State in order of relative importance the different points to be considered in the promotion of a pupil in the grades. [lOJ 5 State approximately what should be the average age of pupils in each of the eight grades. Give reasons to explain why in these grades there may be a large per cent of pupils in excess of the average age. [10] 6 What characteristics make drill work most effective? What precautions should be taken in the use of drill? Why? [10] 7 Discuss high school athletics. What should be the position of the school faculty in regard to general school athletics? [10] 8 In what ways should methods of instruction employed in the grammar grades differ from those in the primary grades? Give illustrations in the teaching of nature study. [10] 9-10 A rural school district votes $1200 for a new school building to be placed on a site owned by the district a Draw the floor plan for such a building, giving measurements. [5] b Locate desks, windows, blackboards and bookcase. [5] c Describe a feasible system of ventilation. [10] HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION Each of the following questions has ro credits assigned to it. ' 1 Compare Chinese education ^vith Hebrew education, touching on resem- blances and differences in underlying principles and ideals. 2 Mention three Greek educational theorists and state the contributions made to Greek education by tu'o of them. 3 Describe monastic education. How is modern education indebted to monastic education? 4 What is meant by Humanism? Name three prominent Humanists. Account for the decline of Humanism. 5 Show what German education owes to Luther. 6 Mention some characteristics of the child training advocated by Rousseau in his Emile. 7 Discuss the relation of the Herbartian movement to the teachings of Pestalozzi. 8 Describe the origin of the kindergarten. 9 Tell something of the educational work of Henry Barnard. 10 Distinguish between industrial training and manual training. State of New York 53 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Wednesday, August 25, 1909, p. m. SPELLING Words to be pronounced by the examiner Each of the following words has two credits assigned to it. 1 arraignment 2 characteristic 3 differentiate 4 grotesque 5 inaugurate 6 laboratory 7 municipal 8 preferable 9 blight 10 apparatus 11 eccentricity 12 subtle 13 spontaneity 14 vitiated 15 mischievous 16 interruption 17 asylum 18 interminable 19 supplementary 20 Binghamton 21 polytechnic 22 Manchuria 23 diminution 24 acetylene 25 conscientious 26 caricature 27 predecessor 28 simultaneous 29 separation 30 turpentine 31 Connecticut 32 subterranean 33 referred 34 phenomena 35 discipline 36 effectiveness 37 accommodate 38 crystallizing 39 malleable 40 synonymous 41 exaggerate 42 appropriate 43 economic 44 adolescent 45 Hawaii 46 correspondent 47 appreciative 48 acquiesce 49 sympathetic 50 comparatively 54 State of Neiu York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 26, 1909 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. GEOMETRY Each of the follo7ving qucst/ons has 10 credits assigned to it. 1 Define {a) polygon, {b) converse of a proposition, {c) concurrent lines, (i^) a fourth proportional, {c) regular polygon. 2 Give the conclusion to the hypothesis: In any obtuse triangle the square of the side opposite the obtuse angle is equal to . . . State the converse of the proposition: In the same circle or in equal circles, equal chords are equidistant from the center. 3 Demonstrate: The bisectors of the angles of a triangle intersect at a common point. 4 Prove that the square on the diameter of a circle equals twice the square inscribed in the circle. 5 Demonstrate: If two triangles have two sides of the one equal respec- tively to two sides of the other but the included angle of the first greater than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first is greater than the third side of the second. 6 Demonstrate: If from a given point a secant and a tangent are drawn to a circle, the tangent is tlie mean proportional between the whole secant and its external segment 7 The area of an equilateral triangle is 4 V 3; find a side. 8 The base of a triangle is 60 ft and the altitude is 40 ft; find the length of a line parallel to the base and 10 ft above the base. 9 Construct an isosceles triangle on the same base as a given triangle and equivalent to it Give proof. 10 Find a point equidistant fro'ra two given points and at a given distance from a given straight line. Give explanation. PHYSICS 55 Each of the foHo^oitig questions has lo credits assigned to it. 1 Describe the process of welding; of soldering. Name in each case the physical property on which the jDrocess depends. 2 A body starting from i-est has a uniform acceleration of 9.8 meters per second; what will be its velocity at the end of the loth second? How far will it go in lo seconds? 3 Two parallel forces'of 16 and 24 dynes respectively and 20 cm apart are acting at the same time and in the same direction on a rigid bar ; draw a diagram showing the location and the magnitude of the resultant. 4 A church bell is ringing \ mile from one man and \ mile from another; to which one will the sound seem the louder? how much louder? State the law illustrated. 5 Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of heating a building with hot water. Mention three precautions that should be taken in installing such a system. 6 Describe a method of comparing tlie illuminating power of two sources of light. 7 In early fall a plank walk is often covered with hoar frost while there is no appearance of frost on the nail heads. Explain. 8 Describe an experiment to illustrate induction hy current electricity. 9 Account for the weakening of a copper and zinc cell in a closed circuit. 10 The falls of Niagara are about 160 ft high and deliver about 700,000 tons of water every minute ; what is the horse power of the falls? [Simply indicate the work.] 56 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Thursday, August 26, 1909 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. BOTANY Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1 Defitae five of the following: raceme, tuber, ovule, akene, xerophyte, angiosperm. 2 Describe by aid of a drawing the general structure and contents of a typical vegetable cell. 3 Name the principal parts of the bean seed. Describe the germination and growth of the bean seel, using drawings to illustrate two stages of its growth. 4 Compare the structure of a monocotyledonous stem with that of a dico- tyledonous stem. Illustrate each form of stem by a labeled drawing. 5 Under what conditions and in what parts of a plant is starch formed? 6 Describe methods by which buds are protected by nature from cold and from wet and dry conditions. Give examples to illustrate. 7 Name the parts of a complete flower and state an important function of each part named. 8 Compare briefly the general characteristics of two of the following families, noting important differences: lily, rose, crowfoot, pulse (pea). 9 Describe four ways in which seeds are adapted for dispersal by natural means and name a plant to illustrate each way mentioned. 10 Give the life history of the fern. DRAWING Answer eight questions. Each of the following questions has 12}^ credits assigned to it. I Define the following terms when applied to color: standard, warm, cold, pigment, harmony, scale, complementary, broken. D R A \v 1 \ G — concluded 5 7 2 Make two drawings of a flower, one naturalistic, the other convention- alized. 3 Imagine a common ladder lying flat on the ground, in front of you, the long sides running from left to right. Make a free-hand sketch of the ladder. Show eye level. 4 Draw free-hand either a group consisting of a square prism standing vertically, a cylinder lying horizontally but at an oblique angle and a circular plinth, or a group of three objects based on the type solids. 5 Draw free-hand a typical Greek ornament, the drawing to be at least 4' in its greatest extent. 6 Within a rectangle 3" x 5" draw a simple landscape composition. Finish in three flat tones. 7 By any geometric method construct a regular octagon. Show all con- structions. 8 Make a complete working drawing of a common table knife, including one cross-section through the blade and one through the handle. Drawing to be ftill size. 9 Copy sketch, making it at least twice the size. *»»k*.irt*rJiM^J»WMHu;v> .. 1 r V* /. I 5S State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Friday, August 27, 1909 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE Each of the follo7vtng questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1 Define five of the following: villi, trachea, papilla, ganglia, medulla, cochlea, pleura. 2 Describe by aid of a drawing the microscopic appearance of the cross- section of a bone. 3 Name and locate the salivary glands. State the functions of saliva in the process of digestion. 4 Describe an experiment to illustrate the digestion of albumin. 5 Give the effect of alcoholic drinks on the stomach and its secretions. Compare the action of alcohol on the stomach with its action on the intestines. 6 Describe {a) the pulmonary circulation of the blood, (b) the portal system of circulation. 7 Explain fully the changes that occur in the blood as it passes through the lungs. 8 Make a labeled drawing of a cross-section of the spinal cord. Mention the functions of the important parts of the spinal cord. 9 What is the effect of moderate exercise on the muscles? on the whole body? State the effects of overexertion. 10 Discuss the importance of the proper ventilation of sleeping rooms. BOOKKEEPING Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. I What is a trial balance? How often should a trial balance be taken? What two common errors may cause an imperfect balance? Mention two errors that would not be discovered by a trial balance. Bookkeeping — concluded 59 2-3 From the following ledger balances and inventories make either a trial balance and statement or a formal six column balance sheet: Proprietor Cr. 18675.90; Cash Dr. I2495. 30; Mdse Dr. $5840.25 ; Fur- niture & Fixtures Dr. I350 ; Bills Payable Cr. I468. 50 ; Bills Receivable Dr. I532.84; Expense Dr. $190.22 ; Interest Cr. I177.08; Mdse or Trade Discount Cr. $291. 10; William Walton Dr. $135.95 ; Martin Bros. Cr. $437.40; Smith & Smith Dr. $574.75; Thomas Bullock Cr. I69-33- Inventories are : mdse $6027. 15; furniture and fixtures $345 ; expense $125. 4-6 Enter the following transactions in journal and cashbook in form for posting to double entry ledger. Aug. 17, 1909. James Harper, White Plains, N. Y., began a flour and feed business with the following resources: cash $985.70; 30 day note of Henry Grant, dated July 29, 1909, for $300, without interest; merchandise $1256. 10; amount due from G. D. Holland $210. His liabilities were amount due to Chase & Co. $316. 50 and a 60 day note in favor of Albert Davison, dated Aug. 10, 1909, for $ 1 50, without interest. Aug. 18. Bought of Chase & Co. on account 15 bbl. winter wheat flour @ $6 ; 10 bbl. spring wheat flour @ $5. Aug. 19. Bought for cash stationery, stamps etc. $18.50. Aug. 20. Sold L. E. Mayo on account 10 bbl. winter wheat flour @ $6.50; 5 bbl. spring wheat flour @ $5.75; 100 bu. corn @ 70^. Aug. 21. Bought of Darwin Bros., New York, at 5 days, 1000 bu. corn @ 5O0. Aug. 23. Paid Chase & Co. on account $200. Aug. 24. Sold Philip Green on account 100 bu. oats @ 40^ ; 100 bu. rye @ 95^; 50 bu. barley @ $1. Aug. 25. Received check from L. E. Mayo for amount of bill of Aug. 20. Aug. 26. Sent Darwin Bros, bank draft (National Commercial Bank, John Smith, cashier, on Bank of Manhattan, New York) for amount of bill of Aug. 21. Aug. 27. Henry Grant paid his note of July 29 [See investment]. Aug. 28. Cash sales to date $196. 10. 7-8 Post to the double eutrj' ledger items given in questions 4-6. 9 Make out in proper form the bill for goods sold Aug. 20 and show receipt as of Aug. 25. 10 Write the draft mentioned in the transaction of Aug. 26. Write the note mentioned as a resource on commencing business. 6o State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR STATE CERTIFICATE Friday, August 27, 1909 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. GENERAL HISTORY Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1 State what is meant by each of the following: Rosetta stone, Doomsday book. Bema, the Field of the Cloth of Gold. 2 Mention two arts cultivated by the Egyptians and give proofs that these arts existed in Egypt. 3 Account for the active colonizing spirit among the Greeks. Mention four localities where the Greeks founded colonies. 4 Give in reference to the Peloponnesian War (a) one remote cause, {b) one immediate cause, ic) two leading events, (d) result. 5 State briefly the causes leading to the establishment of the office of tribune at Rome. Show the importance of this step on the subse- quent development of Rome. 6 Give the approximate date, the locality, the opposing forces and the result of the battle of Chalons. 7 Account for the rise of feudalism and give reasons for its decline. 8 Write brief biographic notes on five of the following; Confucius, Charles Martel, Edward III of England, Themistocles, Bismarck, Pompey, Abraham Lincoln. 9 Give the approximate time, the cause and the result of each of two of the leading European wars of the i8th century. 10 Describe briefly the political conditions that brought Oliver Cromwell into prominence. ZOOLOGY Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. X Describe, making use of a diagram, the structure of a jirotozoan. Mention three functions performed by this animal. Zoology — concluded 6 1 2 Describe, with reference to Jli/e of the followini^, special adaptations for protection from enemies: rabbit, turtle, weasel, locust, sea anemone, giraffe, tiger. 3 Describe the mouth parts of the grasshopper and of the butterfly. Show in each case how the mouth parts of the insect are adapted for securing food. 4 Name insects that are of economic value in (a) cross-pollination of flowers, id) destruction of injurious insects. Show in each case how the work is accomplished. 5 Describe the external structure of the frog or of the toad. 6 By what peculiarities of structure are some birds specially adapted for securing insect food? Give illustrations. 7 Show how coral polyps are of economic importance. Name an animal closely related to the coral polyp. 8 Describe the respiration of the fish. How does the structure of the fish adapt it for securing food? 9 Describe the crayfish or the lobster as to {a) methods of locomotion, {b) habits. ID Define y?z/^ of the following terms: invertebrate, cilia, antenna, dorsal, embryo, spiracle, tentacle. ASTRONOMY Each of ihe following questions has lo credits assigned to it. 1 Mention three ways in which astronomy is of practical value. 2 Name and define the circles and points in one of the systems of celestial measurement. 3 Describe the planet Jupiter as to physical condition, size and telescopic appearance. 4 Describe the effect of refraction on the apparent position of a heavenly body when the body is (a) near the zenith, (^) near the horizon. Explain. 5 Describe the telescopic appearance of {a) sun spots, {b) solar prominences. 6 Show by use of a diagram the relative positions of the sun, earth and moon at {a) new moon, (b) first quarter, (c) full moon, {d) last quarter. Indicate in each case the illuminated part of the moon. 7 What evidence in support of the nebular hypothesis is furnished by the motions and the physical conditions of the bodies of the solar system? 8 State the distance from the earth {a) of the sun, {b) of the moon. Give the diameter of each. Give the time required for the rotation of the moon. 62 Astronomy — concluded g Describe a constellation the greater part of which is located more than 45 degrees from the north celestial pole. At what time of the vear is the constellation visible in this latitude? ID What is believed to be the origin of shooting stars? State the causes of their luminosity. LATIN Each of the following quest ions has lo credits assigned to it. 1-5 Translate into English: 1 Palus erat non magna inter nostrum atque hostium exercitum. 2 Hanc si nostri transiretit, hostes exspectabant ; nostri autem, si ab 3 i/lis initium trauseundi fieret, ut impeditos aggrederentnr, parati 4 in armis erant. Interim froelio eqiiestri inter duas acies con- 5 tendebatur. Ubi //tv^/;/ trauseundi xmiwxva fciciunt, secundiore 6 equitinn proelio nostris, Caesar suos in castra reduxit. Hostes 7 protinus ex eo loco ad fuinen Axonam contenderunt, quod esse S post nostra castra demonstratum est. Ibi vadis repertis partetn 9 suarum copiariim traditcere comxii sunt, eo consilio, ut, si possenf, 10 castellum, ci/i praeerat Ouintus Titurius legatus, expugnarent 11 pontemque interscinderetit; si minus potuisseut, agros Remorum 12 popularentur, qui maguo nobis i/sui ad bellum gerendum erant, 13 co/n/neatuque nostros prohil>erent. — Caesar, De Bello Gallico, II, 9 6 Give the reason for the case of nostris (line 6), copiarum (line 9), cui (line 10), «.f///(Uue 12), conuneatii (line 13). 7 Give the reason for the mode of transirent (line 2), faciunt (line 5), possent (line 9) ; for the mode and tense of interscinderent (line 11). 8 Write the accusative singular neuter of illis (line 3) ; the genitive plural oi proelio cquestri (\\n& i,^\ the genitive singular of «t-///r/ (line 5); the nominative singular of eq nit ion (line 6) ; the nominative plural oiflumen (line 7); the genitive plural oi partetn (line S); the accusa- tive singular of eo consilio (line 9); the dative singular of nobis (line 12). 9 Write the principal parts of aggrederentiir (line 3), possent (line g), prohiberent (line 13). Conjugate transirent (line 2) in the future indicative. Write the perfect infinitive, active and passive, of tra- diicere (line 9). 10 Translate into Latin: a Since the Belgians could neither capture the fort uor cross the river, they did not know what to do. b Caesar was informed by Titurius, his brave lieutenant, that all the forces of the barbarians were approaching the Roman camp. FRENCH Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1-5 Translate into English: Et puis alors, reprit petit Pierre, qui etait fier d'avou- a raconter uneaveuture, cet homme-l^a eu I'air de se facher parce que Marie Frenc h — concluded 63 lui disait qu'elle s'en irait. Et ma Marie s'est fa,chee aussi. Alors il est venu centre elle, comme s'il voulait lui faire du nial. J'ai eu peur, et je me suis jete contre Marie eu criant. Alors cet homme-la a dit comme 5a: "Qu'est-ce que c'est que §a? d'oii sort cet enfant-la?" Et il a leve son baton pour me battre. Mais ma Marie I'aempeche, etelle lui adit comme ^a: "Nouscauserons plus tard, monsieur ; a present il faut que je conduise cet enfant-ld k Fourche, et puis je reviendrai." Et aussitot qu'il a ete sorti de la bergeiie, ma Marie m'a dit comme 9a: "Sauvons-nous, mon Pierre, allons-nous-en d'ici bien vite, car cet homme-la est mechant, et il ne nous ferait que du mal." Alors nous avons passe derriere les granges, nous avons pass6 uu j^etit pre, et nous avons ^te k Fourche pour te chercher. Mais tu n'y etais pas et on n'a pas voulu nous laisser t'attendre. Et alors cet homme-la, qui 6tait nionte sur sou cheval noir, est venu derriere nous, et nous nous sommes sauves plus loin, et puis nous avons et6 nous cacher dans le bois. Et puis il y est venu aussi, et quand nous I'entendions venir, nous nous cachions. Et puis, quand il avait passe nous recommencions k courir pour nous en aller chez nous; et puis enfin tu es venu, et tu nous as trouves; et voila comme tout §a est arrive. N'est-ce pas, ma Marie, que'je n'ai rien oublie? — George Sand, La mare au diable 6 Give the principal parts of reprendre, vivre. Conjugate voiiloir in the present subjunctive active, incttre in the preterit (past definite) indicative active, courir in the future indicative. 7 Write a list of the personal pronouns, specifying the forms used (a) as subject, {b) as direct object, (f) as indirect object, {d) after a prepo- sition. 8 Write the irregular comparison of bon, mattvais, pen. Form an adverb from each of the following adjectives : polt, prudent, vraz, heureux. 9 Explain and illustrate the following: impersonal verb, reflexive verb, possessive pronoun. Translate into French the following expressions to illustrate the partitive idea: (a) some bread, {b) many friends, (£•) English soldiers, {d) I have no money. 10 Translate into French [Do not use figures] : {a) Which of the girls has just given it to yoii? (/;, c) It is necessary for your brother to come tomorrow but I fear it will not be pleasant weather, {d) What day of the month is it today? Friday, August 27, 1909 {e) My friend and I will go to the country next week. GERMAN Each of the following qicestions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1-4 Translate into English: 1 Der tapfere, franzosische Ritter.Walthervon Thurn, rittineiner 2 oden syrischen Wiiste. Da horte er von feme ein langes klag- 3 liches Gestohne. Gewifs, dachte er, haben verruchte arabische 4 Riiuber einen Wanderer angefallen. Er sprengt hin auf seinem 5 Streitrosse ; aber als dieses vor der finstern engen Kluft stand, 6 stutzte und zitterte es, biiumte sich und schiiumte ins Gebifs. 7 Diefiinkclnden Aiigcn eiiies grofsen, mannlichen Lowen blitz- 8 ten ihni entgegen. Dieser lag im Kampfe mit einer ungeheuren 9 Schlange, welche sich schon um Leib und Schweif des Lowen 10 gewunden hatte. Ohne sich zu besinnen, schwang Walther sein 1 1 machtiges scharfes Schwert, und mit einem tuchtigen gliicklichen 12 Streiche spaltete er der Schlange den Leib. Als der Lowe sich 64 German — concluded 13 von der furchtbaren, wiitenden Feindin erlost sah, erhob er 14 sich, briillte laut, schiittelte die Mahne, streckte den Leib, und 15 nahte sich dann seinem Retter. Sanft schmeichelnd kroch er 16 zu dem jungen unerschrocknen Helden, und leckte ihm Schild 17 und Hand. Von nun an veiiiefs er ihn nicht mehr, sondern 18 folgte ihm, wie ein Hund, auf dem Marsche iiber Fliisse und 19 in den Streit. 20 Mehrere Jahre lang war der Ritter im heiligen Lande gewesen, 2 [ und hatte viele tapfere Taten verrichtet, und einen beriihmten 22 geachteten Namen sich erworben. Endlich empfand er Sehn- 23 sucht nach dem fernen, teuern Vaterlande, wollte dahin zuriick- 24 kehren und den guten treuen Lowen mitnehmen. Aber kein 25 Schiffer wollte das Tier in sein Schiff aufnehmen, obgleich 26 Walther doppelten, ja vnerfachen Lohn bot. Endlich liefs der 27 Ritter ihn zuriick, und er fuhr allein ab. Da erhob der Lowe 28 ein langes klagendes Gebriill, lief angstlich am Strande auf und 29 ab, stand dann am Ufer stille, schaute dem Schifife nach, und 30 stiirzte sich endlich ins Meer. 31 Man sah ihn vom Schiffe aus, und beschlofs, das edle Tier auf- 32 zunehmen. Schon war er dem Schiffe nahe, da verliefs ihn die 33 Kraft, er blickte noch einmal mit treuen, hellen Augen nach 34 dem Ritter und versank. Kliift = chasm, schdumen = foam 5 Give the reason for the case of I'hiii (line 8^, Schweif (line 9), Retter (line 15), ihm (line 16), Jahre (line 20). 6 Decline in the singular die funkelnden Augen (line 7), der Schlange (line 12). Decline in the plural der furchtbaren Feindin (line 13); in both singular and plural welche (line 9). 7 From the passages in questions 1-4 select one simple weak verb, tzvo simple strong verbs, one verb with separable prefix, one verb with inseparable prefix. Write the principal parts of each verb selected. '8 Give the modal auxiliaries. Write the synopsis of a modal auxiliary in the third person singular. 9 Answer both a and b: a Compare tapfer, lang, beriihmt, nah. b Write and translate original German sentences illustrating three different uses of the subjunctive. 10 Translate into German : When Alexander saw that his soldiers were dying of thirst, he poured the water on the ground. The men then cried : "Up ! Lead us on ! We are not weary, we are not thirsty, when such a king is leading us!" SPANISH Each of the following questions has 10 credits assigned to it. 1-5 Translate into English: Mucho tiempo ha, vivian dos jovenes esposos en lugar muy apartado y riistico. Tenian una hija, y ambos la amaban de todo corazon. Cuando la niiia era aun muy pequeilita, el padre se vi6 obligado a ir a la ciudad capital del imperio. Como era tan lejos, ni la madre ni la nina podian acompanarle, el se f ue solo, despidiendose de ellas y prometiendo traerles k la vuelta muy lindos regalos. Spanish — concluded 65 Cuando siipo la mujer que volvia sii marido, visti6 d la nitia de gala, lo niejor que pudo, y ella se vislio un precioso traje azul que sabia que a el le gustaba en extreme. No utino k encarecer el contento de esta buena mujer cuando vi6 al marido volver k casa sano y salvo. La chiqi:itina daba palmadas y sonreia con deleite al ver los juguetes que su padre le trajo. — A ti — dijo k su mujer — te he traido ini objeto de e.xtrano merito; se llama espejo. Mirale y dime que ves dentro. — Le di6 entonces ima cajita de madera blanca, donde, cuando la abrio ella, encontr6 un disco de metal. — er in the present subjunctive active ; decir in the future indica- tive active. 7 Write the plural of la criiz, el rey, el Ingles; the singular of los pies, los lunes, las fiores; the plural, masculiueand feminine, of espanol, hablador. 8 Mention and illustrate by original Spanish sentences two ways of ex- pressing the passive idea in Spanish. Explain the use of the personal accusative (direct object preceded by a). 9 Distinguish between (a) algicien and algo, {b) despues and detrds, (^) andar and ir. Write the irregular comparative of bueno, inalo, grande, pequeiio. 10 Translate into Spanish: {a) I did not see my friend because he was not at home, {b) Do not give him the book; give it to me, {c) I am afraid \ that it will not be pleasant tomorrow, {d) You need not do the work again; you have just done it. 66 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR SPECIAL DRAWING TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, August 27, 1909 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^^-j only For the afttrnoon session come prepared ivith material for water color work and instruments for mechanical drawi?tg. 1 "Write a brief description of Grecian architecture. Mention a noted example of Grecian architecture. 2 State the essential difference between pictorial drawing and decorative drawing. Make two sketches of the same object to show how you would make this difference clear to pupils in the 6th grade. 3 A telegraph pole about 30 ft high has four parallel cross bars near the top. Make a sketch of the pole in angular perspective. The eye of the observer should be about six feet above the ground. 4 Make a sketch, from the pose or from imagination, of a person sitting in a chair. Omit features and details. 5 From imagination, make a light and shade drawing of a group consisting of a half peck measure and some apples. 6 Define the following terms as used in drawing: light and dark, space relations, cross-section, orthographic projec- tion, cutting plane. Illustrate two of these terms. State of New York 67 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR SPECIAL DRAWING TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, August 27, 1909 — i . 15 to 4. 15 p. m., only 7 Make a free-hand sketch of one of the five classic orders of architecture. Name at least four of the principal parts of the order. 8 Using the stem, leaf and flower of the morning glory as a motif, make a design for a border at least 2" wide. Finish in three flat tones of color or of gray. 9 Paint in water color a landscape containing land, trees and sky. 10 Draw the top and front views and the developed surface of a flaring tin basin. Diameter at the top 3", at the bottom 2"; vertical hight \\" . 1 1 Make a complete working drawing, top, front and end views, of the object represented by the sketch. 12 By any geometric method construct an ellipse. Note to the student [The statement called for in the following may be written on a separate sheet after the conclusion of the examina- tion, and then attached to the paper]. Give a statement of the preparation that you have made for teaching drawing, including names of institutions in which you have studied and the length of time spent in each. State the experience that you have had in teaching the subject. „ 68 State of Nezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR SPECIAL DRAWING TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 1910 — 9.15 a. ni. to 12.15 P- ^^^^ only For the aficrnoon session come prepared wiHi material and instruments for mechanical drawing. 1 Sketch in outline txvo sailboats, adjacent, resting on a smooth sea. Copy your outline and add such tones as may be necessary to represent a moonlight night. 2 Following the laws of composition, make a colored picture, the subject of which shall be an Indian, the subordinate units trees, granite rocks and water. Dimensions over all 7 by 5 inches. 3 State how you would bring out in the classroom the points of difference in the various kinds of trees. Tabulate the points on which you would place most stress. 4 Draw to show an aperture in a wooden floor large enough for a hatchway, through which a common ladder protrudes. 5 State tlircc reasons for the introduction of industrial drawing into the schools. 6 What is the primary purpose of applied design? Give tzvo rules governing the adaptation of design to function. Give tzvo rules governing the adaptation of design to material used. State of New York 69 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR SPECIAL DRAWING TEACHERS CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 1910 — i .15 to 4. 15 p. m., only 7 Trace the development of architecture. [Graphic illus- tration may be used if preferred.] 8 Make a full sized free-hand drawing of the top and edge views of a common four tined table fork of perfect form and appropriate ornamental design. 9 Draw the plan and elevation of a one story cottage having rooms for the accommodation of three people. Give over all dimensions only. 10 Mention five geometric problems that you would give to a sixth grade. Illustrate txvo that you consider most difficult. 1 1 Sketch to show tJirce related cubes, 2 inches on edge and I inch apart. One is placed in front and below the eye, the second below- and to the left, the third below and to the right. Add such lines as may be necessary to change the cubes into high backed chairs. 12 Name five great artists, give the title of one picture of each and state the particular kind of work that gained fame for each. Note to the student [The statement called for in the following may be written on a separate sheet after the conclusion of the examina- tion, and then attached to the paper]. Give a statement of the preparation that you have made for teaching drawing, including names of institutions in which you have studied and the length of time spent in each. State the experience that you have had in teaching the subject. ■JO State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Monday, January 17, 19 10 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. AMERICAN HISTORY WITH CIVICS Answer eight questions, taking at least one from each division. Division I 1 If, on a map of the United States, Washington and San Francisco were connected by a straight line, into what approximate fractional parts would that line be divided {a) by the Mississippi river, (3) by the Rocky mountains? Into what approximate fractional parts would that line divide the Mississippi river? 2 About what time did the Mississippi valley appear of im- portance to European nations? In what war was the pos- session of that valley first disputed by European nations? What cities that have a prominent place in American his- tory are situated on the Mississippi or on its tributaries? Division II 3 Mention three movements in the American colonies prior to 1775 in which several colonies took part. State briefly the purpose of each movement mentioned. 4 What was the blockade during the Civil War? How did the blockade affect {a) European countries, {b) the South? Which section of the United States seemed to have the sympathy of England and France in the Civil War? Division III 5 What are the provisions of the Constitution of the United States in regard to levying import and export duties? American History with Civics — concluded 71 6 Mention two principal items of property owned by one of the following: your city, your county, your village. To whom is the care of the property mentioned intrusted? 7 Is a school boy a citizen? Mention {a) some rights that the state gives a school boy, {b) some duty that the state requires of a school boy. Division IV 8 Mention important effects on industry in the United States resulting from eacJi of the following: the War of i'8i2, the invention of the reaper, the opening of transconti- nental railways, irrigation. 9 Mention and illustrate by drawings the different methods employed for lighting houses from colonial times to the present. Division V 10 In introducing biographic study of historic characters, why is it desirable to direct attention to particulars of their boyhood and youth, even though these particulars some- times seem of minor importance? State of Nezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Monday, June 13, 19 10 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m. AMERICAN HISTORY WITH CIVICS Ansxver eight questions, including at least one from each division. Division I 1 Draw a map of the United States and on it locate approxi- mately, with names, five cities of historic importance that are not situated on the Atlantic coastal plain. Division II 2 At about what time did each of five of the following first become of great industrial importance : {a) the telephone, (/;) the manufacture of cotton in New England, (r) grain- growing on the central prairies, (icludiiig giwstio/ts 11 and 12. 1 (1 Distinguish between indorsement /// blaiik and indorse- ment in full. b Why is it better for the maker of a note or check to use the words "or order" after the name of the payee rather than the words "or bearer"? 2 If $240 gains $5.84 in 4 mo. 26 da., what is the rate per cent? 3 What must be the hight of a cylindric tank that will hold 68 gallons, if it is 20 inches in diameter? 4 a Divide twenty-five and ten thousandths by twenty-five ten-thousandths. b Find the value of — ^^| — 2;, ot 50 5 A merchant buys suits at $18 each; at what price must he mark them in order that he may cut the marked price lof^ and still make 20^*^ on the cost? 6 Which is the more profitable, to buy stock at 80 that pays 5,^^ or stock at 120 that pays 8j^? How much more profit- able would an investment of $7200 for one year be in one case than in the other? 7 If I of a number is 26 less than | of it, what is the number? Arithmetic — cone hided 7 9 8 Buffalo is 78° 55' west longitude; what is the longitude of a place where it is 6 o'clock p. m. when it is 12 o'clock noon at Buffalo? 9 A man sold \ of a farm for what the whole of it cost; what per cent did he gain on the part sold? Analyze. 10 It cost $36 to insure a house for | of its value; the rate was 1^. What was the value of the house? 11 By concrete illustration show briefly how you would pre- sent a first lesson on reduction of fractions to a common denominator. 12 Suggest three devices for securing speed in arithmetical work. 8o State of Xezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Tuesday, Janiiary 18, 1910 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. LANGUAGE, COMPOSITION AND GRAMMAR Anszce-r ei^ht questions. Once in an ancient city, ic/iose name I no longer remember, Raised aloft on a column, a brazen statue of Justice Stood in the public square, upholding the scales in its left hand, And in its right a sword, as an emblem that justice presided Over the laws of the land, and the hearts and homes of the people 1 Select from the above sentence {a) the simple subject of the principal clause, {b) the simple predicate of the principal clause, (r) the modifiers of the subject, {d) the modifiers of the predicate. 2 Give the part of speech and the syntax of each of the itali- cized words in the quotation given in question i. 3 State the characteristics of one of the following stories that make it attractive to the youngest pupils: The Three Bears, The Old Woman and the Pig, The House that Jack Built. 4 "Write 12 drill sentences to show the various uses of capitals. 5 Mention three kinds of material suitable for oral compo- sitions in the primary grades. Indicate by a brief outline how you would use one of the kinds mentioned. 6 Make 1 2 drill sentences to illustrate the use of has and have when combined with each, feii\ every, either, several and many used as subjects or as subject modifiers. Language, Composition and Grammar — concluded 8i 7 State tJiree reasons why pupils should commit to memory short selections of good literature. Is the value of such work completely lost if the exercises become merely mechanical repetition? Give reasons. 8 Select from the following list one book suitable for chil- dren's reading in each grade, from the second to thq eighth inclusive, and give a reason for the choice of each [It is not necessary in your answers to follow strictly the suggestive lists given in the Elementary Syllabus but you should select books with which you are familiar]: Andrews, Seven Little Sisters; Aldrich, Story of a Bad Boy; Alcott, Little Women; Arabian Nights; Baldwin, Fairy Stories and Fables; Brooks, Stories of the Red Chil- dren; Defoe, Robinson Crusoe; Dodge, LLans Brinker or the Silver Skates; Dickens, Child's LListory of England; Eggleston, Stories of American Life and Adventure; Hawthorne, Wonder Book; Hughes, Tom Broivn's School Days; Pyle, Some Merry Adventures of Robin Hood; Schwatka, Children of the Cold; Seawell, Decatur and Somers; Taylor, Boys of Other Countries; Twain, Prince and Pauper; Wiggin, Polly Oliver's Problem. 9 Write about 150 words on one of the following: The Adventures of a Lost Kitten, A Characterization of a Schoolmate, Every Oral or Written Exercise in School Should be a Lesson in English. State of iVeia York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Tuesday, Jime 14, 1910 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m. LANGUAGE, COMPOSITION AND GRAMMAR 1 I hold that a man is only fit to teach so long as he is himself learning daily. If the mind once becomes stagnant, it can give no fresh draught to another mind; it is drinking out of a pond instead of from a spring. — Arnold Analyze the first sentence in the above selection. 2 Parse each of the italicized words in the quotation given in question i. 3 Define and illustrate by use in a sentence the following: passive voice, past or perfect participle, infinitive, sub- junctive mode, defective verb, progressive form of a verb. 4 Name tlirce books adapted to the third or the fourth grade. Give a short summary of ojie of the books named and point out its special value for grade work in English. 5 Give a brief plan for an observation lesson in nature study and show how you would utilize the lesson as language work. 6 Mention three qualities that a good business letter must possess. Write a model business letter, ordering books from some publishing house. 7 Show how pupils may be taught to use connected discourse in recitations in history, geography or nature study. 8 Using any of the following topics, write {a) a descriptive paragraph, {b) a narrative paragraph : The Defense of the Bridge (Horatius, Lays of Ancient Rome) A Lumber Camp My Dog, Rover The Oriole {Sharp Eyes and Other Papers) From the paragTaphs written point out the essential dif- ferences between description and narration to be noted in teaching. State of New York 83 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12,30 p. m. PSYCHOLOGY Answer eight questions. 1 State what you consider to be the order of development of the several mental faculties. Illustrate from your own observation. 2 Select some familiar poem suitable for primary grades and show its elements of interest. 3 Give psychologic basis for the character of the number work usually presented in the third grade. 4 Show the value of the imagination in acquiring a knowledge of geography. 5 What mental activities enter into voluntary attention? Illustrate. 6 Show why nothing can be known except in relation to other things. 7 Mention some causes of defective judgment. Give one remedy. 8 Show the value of manual training in mental development. 9 How is a concept formed? Illustrate. 10 State what mental processes are involved in the following: I am tired of studying and decide to take a ride. S^ State of Neiv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^• PSYCHOLOGY Answer eight questions. 1 Define genetic psychology, adolescence, heredity, 2 Show by ti<:o illustrations how a knowledge of psychology is valuable to the teacher. 3 State four well established laws relating to memory. 4 Early childhood may be described as the language period in the development of the mind; youth, as the reason period. What have you learned in psychology that will explain these statements? 5 Describe an experiment in psychology that you have ob- served, performed or read about. 6 Give a psychologic discussion of habit. 7 Distinguish between intuitive judgment and deliberative judgment. Give an example of each. 8 Describe the syllogism. Give an illustration. 9 Define constructive imagination. What studies are spe- cially valuable in training the imagination? 10 Rapidity in performing arithmetical operations tends to accuracy ; give a psychologic reason. State of New York 85 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. SCHOOL LAW Answer eight questions. 1 Mention tivo offices that a school trustee can not hold with- out causing a vacancy in his office as trustee. 2 How are vacancies filled in the office (a) of trustee, {b) of collector? 3 Mention tivo school officers required by law to execute bonds to the district for faithful performance of duty. 4 Give the age limit for compulsory attendance at school in the case of children living {a) in cities, (b) in common school districts. 5 What property is exempt from taxation for school purposes? 6 What provision is made in the school law regarding janitor work? 7 State the length of time in advance for which a trustee may employ a teacher on the last day of a school year. 8 Mention tJiree qualifications for teaching in primary or grammar schools of a city employing a superintendent. 9 Give the provisions of the school law for the appointment and removal of attendance officers {a) in cities, {b) in towns. 10 What instruction and what training shall be given to chil- dren committed to truant schools? 86 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 19 10 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^• SCHOOL LAW Answer eight questions. 1 By whom is the commissioner of education appointed? State his powers and duties. 2 Mention tJircc conditions that must be clearly stated in a teacher's contract. What is the penalty for a teacher's failure to complete the contract? 3 State the requirements regarding instruction in physiology and hygiene in the public schools. 4 Mention four powers of a board of education in a union free school district. 5 Explain the meaning of the term {a) academic quota, {b) supervision quota. 6 What body has the power to adopt textbooks to be used in the schools {a) in union free school districts, [b) in com- mon school districts? 7 What limitations are placed by law on the business in which a school commissioner may be engaged? 8 State the requirements regarding compulsory attendance at school (a) in cities, {b) in towns. 9 State the requirements relating to the ventilation of school- rooms and the space to be allowed each pupil. #• 10 Describe the procedure necessary for calling a special school meeting in either a common school district or a union free school district. State of Netv York 87 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 1910 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Atiswer eight questions. 1 Mention txvo difficulties in grading the rural school. Show how to remedy one of these difficulties. 2 Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of a daily marking system. 3 State some of the physical causes of disorder in the school- room. 4 Write on one of the following topics: {a) The Teacher's Preparation for Class Work, {b) The Art of Securing and Holding the Attention of the Class. 5 Give arguments in favor of school recesses. 6 Give a complete program of recitation and study suitable for the fourth and fifth grades when both are in charge of the same teacher. 7 Distinguish between manual training and industrial train- ing. What educational values are common to both? 8 State (a) one end in moral training, {b) four school virtues requiring cultivation. 9 What in general is the most desirable color for schoolroom window shades? Do you favor hanging such shades at the top, the middle or the bottom of the. window casing? Give reasons for your answer. lo Mention some devices for dealing with the problem of tardiness. State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 1910 — i .15 to 4.15 p. m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Answer eight questions. 1 Mention {a) three proper incentives to study, {b) two im- . proper incentives to study. 2 Discuss the need for instruction in manners. Suggest a method of giving such instruction. 3 What is the duty of the teacher at the time of a threatened epidemic of some disease in the community? 4 Describe briefly the individual or " Batavia system" of instruction. 5 Write on one of the following: {a) The Teacher's First Day in School, (/;) Wall-tinting and Wall Pictures in the Schoolroom. 6 State some of the mechanical characteristics of good black- board work. 7 Give arguments favoring the introduction of manual train- ing into our larger village schools. 8 Describe an appropriate device for window ventilation in a small school. 9 Give a complete time schedule of recitation, study and in- dividual help, suitable for a sixth grade composed of 30 pupils in charge of one teacher. 10 State ttvo playground problems that require careful atten- tion on the part of the teacher. Discuss one of these problems. State of Neiu York 89 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 19 10 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. GEOGRAPHY Answer eight questions, inctuding questions g and 10. 1 Explain how the local time of a place 65° east of Boston compares with the time of a place 100° east of Boston. 2 Give the names and the locations of six cities or villages of the State of New York that contain a State Normal School. Give the names and the locations of three col- leges and of three charitable institutions of the State of New York. 3 Draw an outline map of the state of Ohio and thereon in- dicate by name its natural and its artificial boundaries and tJiree cities. 4 Write about the advantages and the resources of Mexico, referring to location, coast lines, relief, climate, products and government. 5 Locate the following cities and state a fact of interest con- cerning each: Belfast, Edinburgh, Antwerp, Geneva, Florence, Dresden. 6 Define each of the following and give an example of each: estuary, promontory, oceanic island, archipelago, pla- teau, canyon. 7 Trace a route of a trading vessel in making a voyage from New York around the world, naming in order six ports of call. 8 Name and locate tJiree seaports of Africa. Mention two articles of commerce shipped from each seaport. 9 Give a list of topics that can be well presented by means of pictures. 10 What collections should be made by the teacher for use in geography work? 90 State of Neiv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, June i6, 1910 — 9. 15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^^• GEOGRAPHY Answer eight questions, iticluding questio7is g and 10. 1 Explain the following: isotherms, neap tide, spring tide, standard time, local time, winter solstice. 2 ]\Iention six natural advantages of the State of New York. 3 Name in order from north to south all the countries of the western continent traversed by the Rocky-Andean mountains. 4 Draw an outline map of the United States and thereon indicate by name the approximate location of the wheat section, the cotton section, tivo iron sections, tivo petro- leum sections, tzvo lumber sections, tivo copper sections, a coal section, a silver section. 5 Describe Brazil as to location, climate, products, people and government. Name and locate two cities of Brazil. 6 Describe an itinerary of travel for a "Mediterranean trip." State facts of interest concerning six places included in this itinerary. 7 Name Jive foreign possessions belonging to Great Britain. Why has Great Britain greater need of such possessions than the United States has? 8 What are the chief articles of export {a) from Japan to the United States, {b) from the United States to Japan? Name and locate t2uo seaports from which commodities are shipped from the United States to Japan. To what port are such commodities most largely consigned? 9 Give a list of topics to be considered in the study of the social life and institutions of the community or town. JO ]\Iention three desirable methods of giving a seventh grade test of knowledge of Europe. State of Nezv York gi Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE Answer eight questions, 1 Make an outline to be used in teaching stomach digestion of albumin to grammar school pupils. 2 Describe the structure of voluntary muscles. Explain the action of voluntary muscles in producing motion. 3 Describe a chemical test to show the presence of a nitroge- nous substance. 4 State the effects of the habitual use of alcohol on the organs of circulation. 5 Describe the structure of the heart. Show how the struc- ture of the heart adapts it to perform its functions. 6 Describe the permanent teeth as to {a) kinds, {b) number and arrangement of each kind, {c) general structure. 7 Mention structural features of the skull that give protection to the brain. Describe the structure of the cerebrum. 8 Draw a vertical section of the eye from back to front, in- dicating the important parts. Give a function of each part. 9 What are bacteria? Mention {a) tivo diseases caused by bacteria, (b) two efficient methods of disinfection. 10 Mention an important function of each of the following: white corpuscles, tympanum, epidermis, villi, bile, liga- ments. 92 State of A^i'7v York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, June i6, 1910 — 9.15 ii ni. to 12. 15 p. m. PHYSIOLOCxY AND HYGIENE .his:c'c-r tlu- first six questicns and tivo others. 1 Describe the dig'cstion and the absorption of a piece of bread. 2 Trace the ci>urse of the circuhition of the blood through the body, beginning- at the left ventricle. Use a diagram. 3 Describe {li) the structure of the organs of respiration, (/') the action of the organs of respiration. 4 Describe an experiment to illustrate osmosis. Explain the application of the principles of osmosis in the nutrition of the body, 5 State the elYect of the habitual use of strong alcoholic drink (<^) on tlie mouth, (/') on the mucous membrane of the stomach, (<■) on peristalsis. 6 State the nature of bacteria and show their relation to disease. Give suggestions for the prevention of the spread of tuberculosis. 7 Outline a lesson to teach the hygiene of eating to pupils of primary grades. 8 Describe briefly the methods you would iise in teaching the general structure of the body to pupils of intermediate grades. 9 Describe methods you would use in securing among primary pupils correct habits in walking, in standing and in sitting. 10 Discuss the dangers arising from dust in the schoolroom. Show how these dancers mav be lessened or overcome. State of Neiv York 93 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 19 10 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. NATURE STUDY Answer eight questions. 1 What specific result should be souj^ht from the work in nature study {a) in grades one to three, (b) in grades four to six, {c) in grades seven to eight? Illustrate. 2 State the proper use of books in nature study. 3 With pupils of the third grade how should the study of a new plant be begun? Illustrate with the geranium, hepatica or onion. 4 Taking some plant, as the pea, show the interrelation of its life with that of some insect, of some domestic animal and also with that of man. 5 From the standpoint of the child, what is the value of com- prehending such relations as are indicated in question 4? 6 With reference to your own location (in city, village or country) state what specific things seventh grade pupils should learn about some animal of economic value. 7 How could the study of the animal chosen in answer to question 6 be connected with the work in geography? 8 Name Jive kinds of common birds and five kinds of com- mon plants, giving a characteristic of each that would aid in its identification. 9 Select some suitable poem and show when and how to use it in connection with the study of a particular topic. 10 Name some current publications that are valuable aids for information in nature study. How may these publica- tions be secured? 94 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Thursday, June 16, 19 10 — i ,15 to 4.15 p. m. NATURE STUDY Answer eight questions, 1 Describe the kind of work in nature study suitable for the primary grades. 2 Using some common plant, e. g. the corn, tell what facts in regard to it should be learned [a) by the primary grades, (/') by the intermediate grades, {c) by the gram- mar grades. 3 What are weeds? Name five common weeds. Give a plan for eradicating any one of them. 4 In nature study "the object itself should be the text." "What does this mean and why is it true? 5 Give a plan for making a bird calendar. 6 What is meant {a) by clean milk, {b) by pasteurized milk, (r) by certified milk? Which costs the most and why? 7 Plan a field excursion for a sixth grade. State the nature of the field, the preparation that should be made and the work of the excursion. 8 Name an author who has written real literature about nature. Show how and when to use such literature. 9 Describe work that may be done with autumn leaves in lower grade nature study. 10 Discuss the following proposition: "The teacher's igno- ' ranee of nature study is no excuse for its neglect. " State of Netv York p^ Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, January 21, 19 10 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. HISTORY OF EDUCATION Answer eight questions. 1 What was the main purpose of education among- the Hebrews? What was the attitude of these people toward industrial or practical education? 2 Describe an Athenian elementary school of the fifth cen- tury, B. C, using the following outline: {a) public or private, {b) place where conducted, {c) nature of school ex- ercises (studies), {d) attendance, {e) incentives to effort, (/) qualifications of teachers. Or Show how Greek education influenced future civilization through the agency of the Romans. 3 Give an account of the rhetorical schools of Rome as to {a) period when they flourished, (/;) by whom controlled, {c) studies, {d) method of training, {e) normal age of students. 4 Show how the use of pictures, maps and diagrams in teach- ing accords with the principles advocated by Comenius. 5 Mention tJiree benefits conferred on civilization by the monasteries of the Middle Ages, Discuss one of these benefits. 6 Write about the kindergarten, covering the following points : {a) its founder, {b) its general purpose, (c) how the idea was first received, (^) where it has made its greatest progress. 96 History of Education — concluded 7 In what did the success of David Page as- an educator consist? Or Describe the educational work of Horace Mann. 8 State some important fact concerning the work of each of four of the following educators : La Salle, Abelard, Mary Lyon, Rousseau, Sturm, Spencer. 9 Select an ancient, a medieval and a modern country, and show the position of women in the educational system of each. lo Contrast Humanism with Realism. Name a leader of each movement. Show whether the attitude today is toward Humanism or toward Realism. State of New York g-j Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 19 10 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^i. HISTORY OF EDUCATION Answer eight questions, includitig qtiestio)is i, 2 and j. 1 What were the conditions in the Athenian state that made an education desirable? Who were excluded from the schools? 2 Describe the Sophists and their work. In what respects did Socrates differ from them? 3 Mention tivo factors that tended to develop individualism in the Greek states. Explain the influence exertid by the Olympic games, 4 Mention the different views held by the early church fathers in regard to the study of pagan literature. Show how the decision of this question affected education for a thousand years. 5 Give the views of Alfred the Great and of Charlemagne as to the universality of education. How have these views influenced education in England and Germany? 6 Name tivo centers of Saracenic learning and tell what the Saracens did for education during the Middle Ages. 7 Tell to whom we are largely indebted for each of three of the following: a science of pedagogy, illustrated text- books, the beginning of normal schools in America, the kindergarten. 98 History of Education — concluded 8 Write on one of the following topics: Aschani as a teacher and his method of double translation, Basedow and the Philanthropin. 9 Account for the rise of the universities. Name three of the earliest universities, giving the special line of work pursued in each. 10 Show how a humanistic school like John Sturm's would compare with your own high school as to subjects taught and equipment. 11 Account for the fact that Pestalozzi has so largely influ- enced education though he failed in nearly every work that he undertook. 12 When the New York public schools became "free" in 1867 what change occurred in the means of support? Mention t]iree sources of income for the maintenance of these schools at the present time. State of New York 99 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, January 21, 1910 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. DRAWING Answer eight questions. 1 Represent a three inch cube in any position to show three faces. Place your initials in block letters on the three faces, one letter on each face. The letters are to be uniform in size. 2 Draw to convey a correct idea of the appearance of a rail- way track and a common roadway bridge over the track. Assume that the observer stands on the railway track, some distance from the bridge. 3 Sketch a 4' X 2" x 2" square prism in any position and modify it to represent a watering trough and its immediate sur- roundings. 4 Draw the pattern of a paper box 3"x z^'x i*. 5 Enumerate the principal facts to be emphasized in a lesson plan on color harmony. 6 Outline a model lesson in design. Draw the design that should result fro:n the lesson outlined. 7 Draw a map of the State of New York, showing its chief elevations and depressions. Give the steps you would require a pupil to follow in making a similar map. 8 Construct a trefoil and a quatrefoil, the sides of each to be 2" long. 9 Draw the plan of a model schoolroom, indicating the en- trance, the position of the teacher's desk, the placing of the desks for pupils, the proper lighting and the points of the compass, 10 State four purposes that the teacher should have in view in teaching drawing and manual training in the grades. 4 D State of Xeii' York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 1910 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m. DRAWING Anstc^r six t^tic'sttons. I>riizi'//i^s sfioitld be of good s:::e. I State tJtrcc reasons why drawing- is of educational value to the child. Show by illustration its educational value. z Draw a part or the whole of some object near you, as a chair or a desk, showing- as clearly as possible its position in relation to you. 3 Draw carefully and lightly a rectangle representing the shape and the size of a well proportioned piece of paper to be used for a spelling lesson. Print with a simple straight line letter the word spilling. Below that write 10 words that might be used in connection with drawing. [Care should be exercised to make spacing uniform. ] 4 Enumerate four points to be emphasized in designing a cover for a booklet on nature study in a fourth grade. Illustrate. 5 Draw from memory a book and an ink bottle. Show good grouping. 6 Draw free-hand the top, front and end views of a box about 6'x o'X i|^'. Place the dimensions in their correct places. Make a perspective sketch of the completed box. 7 Make a simple desigfn for a square or a round mat to be placed under a vase 6' high, with a base 2' in diameter. Show the relation of the dimensions of the vase to the mat. S Draw a rectangle representing the side of a room. Against the wall place a table and a bookcase. On the remaining wall space place a picture or pictures to harmonize with the other objects. Tell what color scheme might be used, gi\*ing reason. State of Nezv York loi Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, January 21, 19 10, p. m. SPELLING Examiners should announce to class that misuse of capitals will constitute misspelled words. adjective analysis arithmetic assembly ratio civil coefficient 8 complex 9 compound 10 congressional 1 1 Connecticut 12 decimal 13 diagram 15 femur 16 gender 17 geography 18 government 19 grammar 20 hygiene 2 1 interest 22 isthmus 23 latitude 24 legislative 25 management 26 Mohawk 27 mountain 28 peninsula 29 phrase 30 promissory 31 psychology 32 Charles E.Hughes 33 reduction 34 republic 35 revolution id senate 37 syllable 38 tenses 39 vertebrae (piurai) 40 William H. Taft 14 etymology After reading aloud each of the following sentences the examiner should pronounce the italicized words. 41 Strike for your altars and your fires, 42 It gilds all objects, but it alters none. 43 Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright. The bridal of the earth and sky. 44 She tried to bridle her temper. 45 The sails were made of canvas. 46 Inspectors of election canvass votes. 47 The jury will indict the man for arson. 48 He began to indite a poem. 49 The principal cities are noted for their wealth and popu- lation. 50 The priticiples of the revolution are in the Declaration of Right. 2 State cf Nezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING CLASS CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 19 10, p. m. SPELLING Part I consists of William Winter's description of Longfellow's personal appearance. The examiner will dictate this selection slowly to the candidates who are to write the whole selection. But candidates are to be rated only on the italicized words. Part II consists of 60 words selected from the work covered during the term and from a general list. Part I His (i) natural (2) dignity and grace, and the (3) beautiful (4) refinement of (5) countenance, (6) togetliery^xXh his (7) perfect (8) taste in (9) dress, and the (10) exquisite (11) simplicity of his (12) manners, made him the (13) absolute (14) ideal of what a (15) poet should be. His (16) voice, too, was soft, (17) siveet and (18) musical; and, like his face, it had the (19) innate (20) cJiarm of tranquillity. His (21) eyes were bluish-gray, ver)^ (22) bright and (23) brave, (24) changeable under the (25) influence of (26) emotion (as (27) afterward I saw), but mostly (28) calm, (29) grave, (30) attentive, and (31) gentle. The (32) habitual {:^^) expression of his face was not that of (34) sadness; and yet it was (35) petisive. He had (36) conquered his own (37) sorrows thiis far, but the sorrows of others (38) threzv (39) tJieir (40) shadows over him. — Williani Winter Part II 41 alternate 45 spectator 49 elementary 42 amateur 46 deficit 50 sentence 43 splendor 47 examination 51 certificate 44 regular 48 writing 52 training Spelling — cone liidcd 10, 53 comrade 69 retinue 85 diplomacy 54 logical 70 salary 86 significant 55 topical 71 specimen 87 preliminary 56 conscience 72 wireless 88 severity 57 Lincoln 73 telegraphy 89 alcohol 58 paragraph 74 Messina 90 conservation 59 horizon 75 earthquake 91 perception 60 memorize 76 aerial 92 emancipate 61 finance 77 navigable 93 democracy 62 delicacy 78 satisfactory 94 superintendent 6^ italicize 79 eclipse 95 British 64 lenient 80 calendar 96 situation 65 visible 8r candidate 97 necessary 66 separate 82 proportion 98 photography 67 ornament 83 percentage 99 farce 62 toward 84 Froebel 100 predicate I04 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR. TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Monday, January 17, 19 10 — i .30 to 5 p. m. AMERICAN HISTORY WITH CIVICS Answer eight questions. 1 It is an educational axiom that teaching should proceed from the known to the related unknown. Deduce from this an argument for teaching local history and civics. 2 Select six of the most important topics to be presented from the period of the history of the United States ex- tending from 1789-1860. 3 Outline, in not more than 100 words, a lesson to teach the duties of a sheriff. 4 Why should a teacher of history be a constant reader of newspapers? 5 State tlircc bad results of assigning too long lessons to history classes. 6 Discuss the following proposition: "In teaching history a preview is more important than a review." 7 Discuss the following proposition: "Inspiration rather than information should be the purpose of the history teacher in the grades." 8 Make a list of five books relating to history that are suit- able for the home reading of pupils in the seventh and eighth grades. Exclude textbooks from your list. 9 Show how a history teacher may train pupils to use books of reference in studying history. 10 Describe what you consider to have been the best instruc- tion in history that you received either in the grades or in the hisfh school. Slate of Neiv York 105 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, June 9, 19 10 — 1. 15 to 4.15 p. m. AMERICAN HISTORY WITH CIVICS Answer eight qiiestiotis. 1 Discuss the value and the limitations of the use of dates in history teaching. 2 Give an illustration of the following: "History can be really learned only through the use of the imagination." 3 What are some of the devices by which a teacher may encourage pupils to use their imagination in learning history? 4 State four important facts that pupils should learn in regard to the post office. 5 Describe some method by which pupils may be made to feel that they are citizens, with the rights and duties of citizens. 6 Some teachers prepare pupils for the study of history by having them make scrapbooks from newspaper pictures and paragraphs regarding some current topics such as the recent journey of the American navy around the world or the flood in Paris. State any value that you see in this method. 7 Discuss the following: "History is less valuable than it might be, because its ideals have been taken almost ex- clusively from political and military life." 8 By not more than 10 paragraph headings outline a lesson on the American flag. 9 Indicate, by not more than 10 paragraph headings, an out- line for teaching the campaign that' ended in the sur- render of Burgoyne. 10 From a list of historic characters suitable for study in the fifth and sixth grades select the five that you consider most suitable. State two important traits in the char- acter of each that you would emphasize. io6 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Monday, January 17, 19 10 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. READING Answer eight questions. 1 Mention the sources and the characteristics of the material that should be used with beginners in reading from the blackboard. 2 In what respects should a word drill in the first grade differ from one in the fifth grade? 3 Should any work in phonics be given in the fifth grade? Give reasons for your answer. 4 How many sight words should the average class be ex- pected to know at the end of the first term? at the end of the first year? 5 Give five characteristics of a good basal reader for use during the first year of school. 6 Give reasons to explain why the results in reading in the intermediate grades are frequently inferior in the same school to the results in reading in the primary grades. What remedies would you suggest? 7 What are the ends to be attained by silent reading in grammar grades? Describe your method of giving the proper training in such reading. 8 To what extent should memory selections of previous years be reviewed during the seventh or the eighth year? Give reasons for your answer. 9 Give your method of teaching the spelling of homonyms. How should the treatment of homonyms differ in pri- mary and grammar grades? 10 Mention a selection suitable for reading in the eighth grade. How would you teach this lesson? State of Neiv York 107 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, June 9, 19 10 — i . 15 to 4. 15 p. m. READING, WRITING AND SPELLING Answer eight questions. 1 What is meant by eye fatigue? What should the teacher do to prevent it in the reading class? 2 Mention some desirable habits to be acquired in oral reading. 3 Show the place of eacli of the following in teaching primary reading: rhyme, imitation. 4 What relation exists between a pupil's rate of reading and his ability to interpret what he reads? 5 What is meant by word study? When should it be begun? 6 Describe your procedure in teaching a writing lesson to a fifth grade. 7 Should the pupil prepare a lesson in spelling by writing the words repeatedly? Give a reason for your answer. 8 Name six books, other than textbooks, suitable for the library of an average boy of 13. 9 Write a stanza of some poem suitable for an eighth grade. Indicate fully, in any way, how you think the stanza should be read. io8 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Tuesday. January i8, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. ARITHMETIC Answer eight questions. I Give tii'o reasons why mental problems should constitute a large part of the work in arithmetic in gTammar grades. 2 How and why should the aim of arithmetic teaching in the primary grades differ from the aim in grammar grades? 3 "Why should a teacher seek to secure rapid addition of numbers in the lower grades? Briefly describe tn'O plans or devices for securing such rapidity. 4 "When should decimal fractions be first introduced and how should they be presented? 5 "Why and to what extent should pupils in intermediate grades be required to analyze or to explain problems? 6 Illustrate and explain how you would teach the greatest common divisor of two or more numbers by the process of factoring. 7 Give a clear and logical analysis of the following problem : A man bought stock, paying 4^ dividends, at 2o^<^ discount; what rate of income did he receive on the investment? 8 Explain the principal advantage claimed for one of the fol- lowing: {a) Austrian method of teaching subtraction, {J}) spiral method of teaching fractions and other topics in arithmetic. 9 Give a model explanation of the following problem : "U'^hat is the difference in time between a place 84° east longi« tude and a place 143° east longitude? 10 State your method of teaching simple interest. State of New York 109 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, June 10, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- n^- ARITHMETIC 1 "Measurement is the origin of number." Discuss this statement. Briefly tell how to teach primary number in accordance with it. 2 Suggest tJiree devices for securing speed in arithmetical work. 3 Describe a desirable method of teaching the division of 115 by 5- 4 How would you utilize the experience of pupils in teach- ing cacJi of the following: multiplication, denominate numbers, simple interest? 5 Show by an outline how you would present addition of fractions. 6 Show that pupils should memorize the conditions of a* problem so as to give the explanation of its solution independently of the textbook. 7 Give a model explanation of the method of finding the area of a rectangle. Assume dimensions 12 by 16 feet. 8 The simple interest on $200 at 6^ is $42 ; required the time. Give a model analysis of the problem. no State of Ntzu York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Tuesday, January i8, 1910 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. LANGUAGE, COMPOSITION AND GRAMMAR Answer eight questions. 1 State the characteristics of one of the following stories that make it attractive to the j^oungest pupils: The Three Bears, The Old Woman and the Pig, The House that Jack Built. 2 State the kind of composition for which each of the follow- ing subjects is suitable: What Happened at Recess Today, A Stitch in Time Saves Nine, The Town Hall, Some Peculiarities of My Best Teacher, The City from a Balloon, A Trip into the Country. 3 "Boys become skilful ball players by first playing ball, not by first studying the rules of the game." Draw from the above statement a conclusion as to the relative value and place of composition and grammar in teaching English. "4 State tJirce reasons why pupils should commit to memory short selections of good literature. Is the value of such work completely lost if the exercises become merely mechanical repetition? Give reasons. 5 Select from the following list one book suitable for chil- dren's reading in each grade, from the second to the eighth inclusive, and give a reason for the choice of each [It is not necessary in your answers to follow strictly the suggestive lists given in the Elementary Syllabus but you should select books with which you are familiar]: Andrews, Seven Little Sisters; Aldrich, Story of a Bad Language, Composition and Grammar — concluded iii Boy; Alcott, Little Women; Arabian Nights; Baldwin, Fairy Stories and Fables; Brooks, Stories of the Red Chil- dren; Defoe, Robinson Crusoe; Dodge, Hans Brinker or the Silver Skates; Dickens, Child's History of England; Eggleston, Stories of American Life and Adventure; Hawthorne, Wonder Book; Hughes, Tom Brown's School Days ; Pyle, Some Merry Adventures of Robin Hood; Schwatka, Children of the Cold; Seawell, Decatur and Somers; Taylor, Boys of Other Countries; Twain, Prince and Pauper; Wiggin, Polly Oliver's Problem. 6 Discuss the proposition that every oral or written exercise in school should be a lesson in English. 7 Mention three kinds of material suitable for oral composi- tions in the primary grades. Indicate by a brief outline how you would use one of the kinds mentioned. 8 Make 12 drill sentences to illustrate the use of has and have when combined with each, fetv, every, eitJier, several and many used as subjects or as subject modifiers. 9 Write concerning the relations that should exist between oral and written composition work, touching on {a) pre- cedence, (J)) quantity, (^) relative importance, {d) the relation of the one to the other. 10 In English teaching in the seventh and eighth grades what aim or aims generally should be considered most important? 112 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, June lo, 1910 — i . 15 to 4. 15 p. m. LANGUAGE, COMPOSITION AND GRAMMAR Answer eight questions. 1 State the different kinds of work that may properly be considered as parts of English teaching {a) in the first grade, {b) in the eighth grade. If the school day were divided into tenths about how many tenths should be given to English {a) in the first grade, {b) in the eighth grade? 2 Gems of literature, such as Tennyson's Brook, are sometimes used for teaching facts of geography or of nature study. State objections to such use. 3 State tJircc of the most important uses of the comma. Outline briefly a lesson for teaching one of these uses. 4 State the value, in primary composition, of blackboard work dictated by the class. 5 Give t%vo reasons for teaching formal grammar. 6 Indicate the order in which you would teach the different parts of speech. Give reasons for the order of the first three parts that you name. 7 State the characteristics of a good story for reproduction work in the primary grades. 8. Describe a good method of correcting the mistakes made in written compositions. 9 Give a plan of a model lesson for teaching the use of lie and lay. 10 Using clouds or birds as a topic, a teacher asks the class to write on paper as many complete sentences as possible within a limited time." State the value of such an ex- ercise. State of New York 113 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. PSYCHOLOGY Answer eight questiotts, 1 State what you consider to be the order of development of the several mental faculties. Illustrate from your own observation. 2 Select some familiar poem suitable for primary grades and show its elements of interest. 3 Give psychologic basis for the character of the number work usually presented in the third grade. 4 Show the value of the imagination in acquiring a knowl- edge of geography. 5 What mental activities enter into voluntary attention? Illustrate. 6 Show why nothing can be known except in relation to other things. 7 Mention some causes of defective judgment. Give one remedy. 8 Show the value of manual training in mental development. 9 How is a concept formed? Illustrate. 10 State what mental processes are involved in the following: I am tired of studying and decide to take a ride. 114 State of Xfxv York Ed ucation Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 19 10 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 p. m. PSYCHOLOGY Anszver ei'^ht questions. 1 Define genetic psychology, adolescence, heredity. 2 Show by two illustrations how a knowledge of psychology is valuable to the teacher. 3 State four well established laws relating to memory. 4 Early childhood may be described as the language period in the development of the mind; youth, as the reason period. What have you learned in psychology that will explain these statements? 5 Describe an experiment in psychology that you have ob- served, performed or read about. 6 Give a psychologic discussion of habit. 7 Distinguish between intuitive judgement and deliberative judgment. Give an example of each. 8 Describe the syllogism. Give an illustration. 9 Define constructive imagination. What studies are spe- cially valuable in training the imagination? 10 Rapidity in performing arithmetical operations tends to accuracy; give a psychologic reason. State of Nezv York 115 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 19 10 — 1.30 to 5 p m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Answer eight questions. 1 Mention two difficulties in grading the rural school. Show how to remedy one of these difficulties. 2 Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of a daily marking system. 3 State some of the physical causes of disorder in the school- room. 4 Write on one of the following topics: [a) The Teacher's Preparation for Class Work, {b) The Art of Securing and Holding the Attention of the Class. 5 Give arguments in favor of school recesses. 6 Give a complete program of recitation and study suitable for the fourth and fifth grades when both are in charge of the same teacher. 7 Distinguish between manual training and industrial train- ing. What educational values are common to both? 8 State {a) one end in moral training, {b) four school virtues requiring cultivation. 9 What in general is the most desirable color for schoolroom window shades? Do you favor hanging such shades at the top, the middle or the bottom of the window casing? Give reasons for your answer. 10 Mention some devices for dealing with the problem of tardiness. / ii6 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 19 10 — i . 15 to 4. 15 p. m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT A)tS7uer eight questiotis. 1 Mention {a) three proper incentives to stiidy, {b) tivo im- proper incentives to study. 2 Discuss the need for instruction in manners. Suggest a method of giving such instruction. 3 What is the duty of the teacher at the time of a threatened epidemic of some disease in the community? 4 Describe briefly the individual or "Batavia system" of instruction. 5 Write on one of the following: {a) The Teacher's First Day in School, {p) Wall-tinting and Wall Pictures in the Schoolroom. 6 State some of the mechanical characteristics of good black- board work. 7 Give arguments favoring the introduction of manual train- ing into our larger village schools. 8 Describe an appropriate device for window ventilation in a small school. 9 Give a complete time schedule of recitation, study and in- dividual help, suitable for a sixth grade composed of 30 pupils in charge of one teacher. lo State two playground problems that require careful atten- tion on the part of the teacher. Discuss one of these problems. State of New York 117 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. GEOGRAPHY Answer eight questions. 1 Show how the teaching- of home industries will vary with environment. 2 Give a list of topics that can be well presented by means of pictures. 3 Outline what you would teach about the business of a steamship company maintaining service between the United States and England. 4 Mention tzvo geographic areas now claiming special atten- tion. Suggest ways of best treating such special topics. 5 " Every morning we find yesterday's news from all parts of the world waiting for us in our daily papers." Show the significance of the foregoing statement to the teach- ing of geography. 6 Is the question of a tariff on imported goods properly a topic to be considered in the study of geography? Why? 7 Mention facts to be emphasized in considering the present redistribution of the world's population. 8 What is meant by the statement that geography is a highly progressive subject of study? Granting the truth of this assertion, state how it should affect the teacher. 9 Outline the work to be presented in teaching the commer- cial trade routes of the United States. 10 Give a plan for imparting correct ideas of land areas and altitudes. 1 1 8 State of Nezv York . Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, June i6, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 p. m. GEOGRAPHY Answer eight questions. 1 Describe the character of the first textbook on geography that should be placed in the hands of pupils. How should the teacher assist pupils in its iise? 2 Give reasons for and against having lessons on the world as a whole immediately follow lessons on home geography. 3 A pupil who studies geography simply to answer questions can not obtain a good knowledge of the subject. Ac- cepting the foregoing statement as true, state what it should suggest to the geography teacher respecting the conduct of recitations. 4 Show by specific illustrations that the work of the explorer or discoverer should receive the careful consideration of the geography teacher. 5 Outline the work on railroads and their extension in the United States, to be presented to an advanced class. 6 Give three illustrations of the value of grouping facts and data in the study of geography. 7 Mention three desirable methods of giving a seventh grade test of knowledge of Europe. 8 Write about the use of maps in teaching geography, re- ferring to the following points: kinds of maps, specific value of each kind, manner of use. 9 What observations and experiments should be made by a class in the study of the precipitation of moisture? 10 Give, in order of presentation, the headings of six lessons covering a study of the city of New York. State of New York 119 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 1910 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. PHYvSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE 1 Explain how you would correlate physiology with nature study. 2 Outline a lesson to teach the hygiene of eating to pupils of the primary grade. 3 How would you teach primary pupils the correct position of body in walking, in standing and in sitting? 4 Describe in detail how you would teach the nature and the importance of the process in the body called oxidation. 5 Outline what you would teach pupils of the intermediate grade about the general structure of the human body. 6 Describe the method or methods you would use in teaching the structure and the functions of the cell. 7 Outline the plan of a lesson to teach pupils that the human body is a living mechanism. 8 What laboratory work should be done in teaching the heart and the circulation of the blood? Or What laboratory work would you employ in teaching respir- ation? Mention two practical applications bearing on hygiene that would naturally follow laboratory work on respiration. I20 State of Nezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, June i6, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ^i^- PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE 1 Mention the chief aim in teaching the subject of physiology and hygiene. Give two principal points that the teacher should emphasize in working toward the aim mentioned. 2 State methods of securing habits of cleanliness among pupils of primary grades. 3 How would you teach pupils of intermediate grades the great importance to health of cacJi of the following: pure water, exercise, rest? 4 Describe in detail how you would teach the nature and the importance of osmosis in the human body. 5 Outline a lesson for teaching pupils of grammar grades the nature and the functions of lymph and the lymphatic system. 6 What should be the nature of the instructions given to grammar grades in regard to aid in tivo of the following emergencies: cutting an artery, slight wounds from toy pistols, opium poisoning, apparent drowning? 7 Describe o)ic experiment to illustrate digestion of food in the stomach. 8 How should instruction be given in regard to the dangers and the benefits of bacteria? State of New York 1 2 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 19 10 — i .30 to 5 p. m. NATURE vSTUDY Answer eight questions. 1 What specific result should be sought from the work in nature study {a) in grades one to three, {b) in grades four to six, (^) in grades seven to eight? Illustrate. 2 State the proper use of books in nature study. 3 With pupils of the third grade how should the study of a new plant be begun? Illustrate with the geranium, hepatica or onion. 4 Taking some plant, as the pea, show the interrelation of its life with that of some insect, of some domestic animal and also with that of man. 5 From the standpoint of the child, what is the value of com- prehending such relations as are indicated in question 4? 6 With reference to your own location (in city, village or country) state what specific things seventh grade pupils should learn about some animal of economic value. 7 How could the study of the animal chosen in answer to question 6 be connected with the work in geography? 8 Name five kinds of common birds and five kinds of com- mon plants, giving a characteristic of each that would aid in its identification. 9 Select some suitable poem and show when and how to use it in connection witli the sliuly of a particular topic. 10 Name some current ])ublications that are valuable aids for information in nature study How may these publica- tions be secured? 22 Stijft- of Xc-w Vorl- Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Thursday, June i6, 19 lo — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m. NATURE STUDY .-lf!s:re-r <•/>/// questions. 1 Describe the kind of work in natiire study suitable for the primary grades. 2 Using some common plant, e. g. the corn, tell what facts in regard to it should be learned {a) by the primary grades, {b) by the intermediate gfrades, (r) by the gram- mar grades. 3 "What are weeds? Name five common weeds. Give a plan for eradicating any ouc of them. 4 In nature study "the object itself should be the text." "What does this mean and why is it true? 5 Give a plan for making a bird calendar. 6 "\Miat is meant {a) by clean milk, (^) by pasteurized milk, (r) by certified milk? "\"\'hich costs the most and why? 7 Plan a field excursion for a sixth grade. State the nature of the field, the preparation that should be made and the work of the excursion. S Xame an author who has ^^Titten real literature about nature. Show how and when to use such literature. 9 Describe work that may be done with autumn leaves in lower grade nature study. 10 Discuss the following proposition: "The teacher's igno- rance of nature studv is no excuse for its neglect." State of Ncxv \ 'ork 1 2 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, January 21, 19 10 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. HISTORY OF EDUCATION Ansiver eight questions. 1 What was the main purpose of education among- the Hebrews? What was the attitude of these people toward industrial or practical education? 2 Describe an Athenian elementary school of the fifth cen- tury, B. C, using the following outline: {ci) public or private, {U) place where conducted, (r) nature of school ex- ercises (studies), {li^ attendance, (r) incentives to effort, (y) qualifications of teachers. Or Show how Greek education influenced future civilization through the agency of the Romans. 3 Give an account of the rhetorical schools of Rome as to {a) period when they flourished, {b) by whom controlled, if) studies, {d^ method of training, (/) normal age of students. 4 Show how the use of pictures, maps and diagrams in teach- ing accords with the principles advocated by Comenius. 5 Mention tJiree benefits conferred on civilization by the monasteries of the Middle Ages. Discuss one of these benefits. 6 Write about the kindergarten, covering the following points : {a) its founder, {b) its general purpose, (c) how the idea was first received, {ci) where it has made its greatest progress. 124 History of Education — concluded 7 In what did the success of David Page as an educator consist? Or Describe the educational work of Horace Mann. 8 State some important fact concerning the work of each oi four of the following educators: La Salle, Abelard, Mary Lyon, Rousseau, Sturm, Spencer. 9 Select an ancient, a medieval and a modern country, and show the position of women in the educational system of each. lo Contrast Humanism with Realism. Name a leader of each movement. Show whether the attitude today is toward • Humanism or toward Realism. State of New York 1 2 5 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, Jime 17, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 P- ni. HISTORY OF EDUCATION Answer eight q tie st ions, inc I tiding q tie st ions i, 2 and j. 1 What were the conditions in the Athenian state that made an education desirable? Who were excluded from the schools? 2 Describe the Sophists and their work. In what respects did Socrates differ from them? 3 Mention two factors that tended to develop individualism in the Greek states. Explain the influence exerted by the Olympic games. 4 Mention the different views held by the early church fathers in regard to the study of pagan literature. Show how the decision of this question affected education for a thousand years. 5 Give the views of Alfred the Great and of Charlemagne as to the universality of education. How have these views influenced education in England and Germany? 6 Name tivo centers of Saracenic learning and tell what the • Saracens did for education during the Middle Ages. 7 Tell to whom we are largely indebted for each of three of the following: a scierrce of pedagogy, illustrated text- books, the beginning of normal schools in America, the kindergarten. 126 History of Education — concluded 8 Write on one oi the following topics: Ascham as a teacher and his method of double translation, Basedow and the Philanthropin. 9 Account for the rise of the universities. Name three of the earliest universities, giving the special line of work pursued in each. 10 Show how a humanistic school like John Sturm's would compare with your own high school as to subjects taught and equipment. 11 Account for the fact that Pestalozzi has so largely influ- enced education though he failed in nearly every work that he undertook. 12 When the New York public schools became "free" in 1867 what change occurred in the means of support? Name three sources of income for the maintenance of thes» schools at the present time. State of New York 127 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, January 21, 19 10 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. DRAWING 1 Show the importance of drawing as a means of expression in nature study. Illustrate by drawings. 2 Why should first work in drawing deal largely with mass rather than with detail? State different methods of teaching children to represent work in mass. 3 Outline a method of teaching the meaning of tone; use a group composed of a yellow pear, a green apple and a red apple. Exemplify your answer, using a lead pencil as the medium. 4 Within a circle 7" in diameter draw units that will illus- trate five principles of perspective. 5 Discuss the different applications of drawing that a pupil can make during the first six years of school work. 6 Represent two jars similar in size and form, one black, the other white. The light should fall from above and to the left, at an angle of 45°. 7 Describe briefly tJiree ways of teaching color in the primary grades. 8 Make a working drawing of some object that would illus- trate to a class the need of mechanical drawing in the manufacturing world. 1 28 State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR TRAINING SCHOOL CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 1910 — i . 15 to 4. 15 p. m. DRAWING Answer eight questions. 1 State four fundamental rules in pictorial composition that must be obeyed. Sketch to illustrate your answer, 2 Explain, with reference to drawing, the difference between a method and a device. 3 Within and overlapping a square s'Xs" arrange a design suitable for one half of a belt buckle, the motif being the leaves and stems of the Virginia creeper. 4 Sketch to show the ceiling, floor and tivo walls of a room ; number the surfaces and explain what colors could be used to decorate the same and form a color harmony. Name the harmony described. 5 State what relation geometric figures bear to historic orna- ment. 6 Sketch with a lead pencil to show a yellow boathouse having for its background the blue sky and the sea. 7 Make the two necessary projections of a common car wheel 8 Tabulate the steps to be used in presenting to a class the work called for in question 7. 9 Show by drawings the important successive steps in the manufacture of some metallic or other article in common household use. 10 Make a pattern of a common eoat sleeve, one eighth of the ordinary size. State of New York 129 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 19 10 — 9 a. m. to 12. 30 p. m. PSYCHOLOGY Answer eight questions. 1 State what you consider to be the order of development of the several mental faculties. Illustrate from your own observation, 2 Select some familiar poem suitable for primary grades and show its elements of interest. 3 Give psychologic basis for the character of the number work usually presented in the third grade. 4 Show the value of the imagination in acquiring a knowledge of geography. 5 What mental activities enter into voluntary attention? Illustrate. 6 Show why nothing can be known except in relation to other things. 7 Mention some causes of defective judgment. Give one remedy. 8 Show the value of manual training in mental development. 9 How is a concept formed? Illustrate. 10 State what mental processes are involved in the following: I am tired of studying and decide to take a ride. 13° State of New York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 1910 — 9.15 a. m. to 12.15 p. m. PSYCHOLOGY Answer eight questions. 1 Define genetic psychology, adolescence, heredity. 2 Show by tzvo illustrations how a knowledge of psychology is valuable to the teacher. 3 State four well established laws relating to memory. 4 Early childhood may be described as the language period in the development of the mind; youth, as the reason period. What have you learned in psychology that will explain these statements? 5 Describe an experiment in psychology that you have ob- served, performed or read about. 6 Give a psychologic discussion of habit. 7 Distinguish between intuitive judgment and deliberative judgment. Give an example of each. 8 Describe the syllogism. Give an illustration 9 Define constructive imagination. What studies are spe- cially valuable in training the imagination? 10 Rapidity in performing arithmetical operations tends to accuracy ; give a psychologic reason. Sta te of Nezv 1 'ork 1 3 1 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Wednesday, January 19, 19 10 — i . 30 to 5 p. m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Ansiver eight guest tons. 1 Mention tico difficiilties in ,yrading the rural school. Show how to remedy one of these difficulties. 2 Discuss the advantag"es and the disadvantages of a daily marking- system. 3 State some of the physical causes of disorder in the school- room. 4 Write on one of the following topics: {a) The Teacher's Preparation for Class Work, {b) The Art of vSecuring and Holding the Attention of the Class. 5 Give arguments in favor of school recesses. 6 Give a complete program of recitation and study suitable for the fourth and fifth grades when both are in charge of the same teacher. 7 Distinguish between manual training and industrial train- ing. What educational values are common to both? 8 State [a) o?ie end in moral training-, [b) four school virtues requiring cultivation. 9 What in general is the most desirable color for schoolroom window shades? Do you favor hanging such shades at the top, the middle or the bottom of the window casing? Give reasons for your answer. lo Mention some devices for dealing with the problem of tardiness. 5 132 State of Nezv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Wednesday, June 15, 19 10 — i . 15 to 4.15 p. m. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Answer eight questions. 1 Mention {a) three proper incentives to study, {b) tzvo im- proper incentives to stvidy. 2 Discuss the need for instruction in manners. Suggest a method of giving such instruction. 3 What is the duty of the teacher at the time of a threatened epidemic of some disease in the community? 4 Describe briefly the individual or "Batavia system" of instruction. 5 Write on one of the following: {a) The Teacher's First Day in School, (/;) Wall-tinting and Wall Pictures in the Schoolroom. 6 State some of the mechanical characteristics of good black- board work. 7 Give arguments favoring the introduction of manual train- ing into our larger village schools. 8 Describe an appropriate device for window ventilation in a small school. 9 Give a complete time schedule of recitation, study and individual help, suitable for a sixth grade composed of 30 pupils in charge of one teacher. 10 State tico playground problems that require careful atten- tion on the part of the teacher. Discuss one of these problems. State of Nezv York 133 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Thursday, January 20, 19 10 — 9 a. m. to 12.30 p. m. SPECIAL KINDERGARTEN METHODS Answer eight questions, iticluding qjcestions i, 2, j, 4 and g. 1 Discuss the law of mediation of opposites as exemplified by mind and by nature. Illustrate it by means of the gifts and the occupations. 2 What spiritual truth may be taught by means of "The Light-Bird"? Give three ways by which you would bring this truth to a child's comprehension. 3 "The child unmakes his food to make his body. He unmakes in order to remake his environment. He must unmake in order to make himself. " Explain the meaning of these sentences. 4 Length, breadth and thickness are embodied in the fourth gift. Show that these three dimensions are implicit in the first three gifts. 5 Compare the gifts that are solids with the gifts that repre- sent surfaces and lines. 6 How would you lead the child to invent forms of beauty in weaving? What is your aim in doing such work? 7 Choose a representative game played in kindergarten and state its physical, its mental and its moral value. 8 Give tJiree reasons why every kindergarten story should have what is called the "return thought." 9 Show that the program you follow during the year illus- trates the law of unity. 10 Name five books by different authors that would prove helpful in preparing work for mothers' meetings. \^4 Sftjti' of Xi-7i' York Education Department 'FXAMIXATU^X FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Thursday, June 16, 19 10 — 9 15 -^- ni. to ij.15 p. m. SPECIAL KINDERGARTEN METHODS .■his:i'<-r e'/'^/tf fu) its general purpose, {c) how the idea was first received, [d) where it has made its greatest progress. 138 History of Education — concluded 7 In what did the success of David Page as an educator consist? Or Describe the educational work of Horace Mann. 8 State some important fact concerning the work of each of four of the following educators: La Salle, Abelard, Mary Lyon, Rousseau, Sturm, Spencer. 9 Select an ancient, a medieval and a modern country, and show the position of women in the educational system of each. 10 Contrast Humanism with Realism. Name a leader of each movement. Show whether the attitude today is toward Humanism or toward Realism. State of New York . 139 Education Department EXAMINATION FOR KINDERGARTEN CERTIFICATE Friday, June 17, 19 10 — 9.15 a. ni. to 12. 15 p. m. HISTORY OF EDUCATION Answer eight qitestwns, including qjiestions /, 2 and j. 1 What were the conditions in the Athenian state that made an education desirable? Who were excluded from the schools? 2 Describe the Sophists and their work. In what respects did Socrates differ from them? 3 ]\Iention two factors that tended to develop individualism in the Greek states. Explain the influence exerted by the Olympic games. 4 Mention the different views held by the early church fathers in regard to the study of pagan literature. Show how the decision of this question affected education for a thousand years. 5 Give the views of Alfred the Great and of Charlemagne as to the imiversality of education. How have these views influenced education in England and Germany? 6 Name two centers of Saracenic learning and tell what the Saracens did for education during the Middle Ages. 7 Tell to whom we are largely indebted for each of three of the following: a science of pedagogy, illustrated text- books, the beginning of normal schools in America, the kindergarten. 140 History of Education — concluded 8 Write on one of the following topics : Ascham as a teacher and his method of double translation, Basedow and the Philanthropin. 9 Account for the rise of the universities. Name three of the earliest universities, giving the special line of work pursued in each. 10 vShow how a humanistic school like John Sturm's would compare with your own high school as to subjects taught and equipment. 11 Account for the fact that Pestalozzi has so largely influ- enced education though he failed in nearly every work that he undertook. 12 When the New York public schools became "free " in 1867 what change occurred in the means of support? Mention tJiree sources of income for the maintenance of these schools at the present time. S fate of jycw York 14: Education Department EXAMINATION FOR RURAL SCHOOL RENEWABLE CER- TIFICATE Monday, January 17, 1910 — 1.30 to 5 p. m. METHODS OF TEACHING Answer eight questions. 1 Distinguish between methods and devices. 2 What is meant by deductive teaching? Illustrate. 3 Define drill. What is its purpose? Should drill be practised on every topic studied in arithmetic? Give a reason for your answer. 4 Give an example of each of tJircc different kinds of ques- tions that should be avoided by the teacher. What is the defect in each question you have framed? 5 Show how a teacher may secure the interest of her pupils in the school library. 6 Define /"c^/zr of the following: phonics, blend, basal reader, expression, homonym, diacritic marks. 7 What should be the most important feature of the language work in the first three years of school? Why? 8 Give reasons why a teacher should require of his classes both oral and written spelling. 9 How should the studv of geography be taken up for the first time? Why? 10 Explain why the formal study of history in the elementary course should be preceded at least by the reading of biographic sketches. 11 Describe the correct method of teaching a number com- bination to beginners. 12 What aliquot parts of 100 should be taught? When should these parts be taught? What is the purpose of teaching them? 142 State of N^ctv York Education Department EXAMINATION FOR RURAL SCHOOL RENEWABLE CERTIFICATE Monday, June 13, 19 10 — 1.15 to 4.15 p. m. METHODS OF TEACHING Ansiver eight questions. 1 Distinguish between general methods and special methods. 2 What is meant by inductive teaching? Illustrate. 3 jMention /('///' fundamentals of good questioning. 4 What is meant by each of four of the following: visualiza- tion, blend, "inner speech", sight reading, plasticine, oral reproduction, sentence method? 5 What should a class know about reading at the end of the second year of school? 6 How many new words of average difficulty should consti- tute a spelling lesson (