HISTORY OF THE Confederated Memorial Associations of the South Class E.Wd_L Book . C 1 ■'^ GoiJ)Ti^luN° COFVKICIIT DEPOSrr. Hist ory Confederated liemorial Associations Soutfi "Give the laurel to the victor, give the song unto the slain; Give the iron cross of honor, ere death lays the Southron down ! But give to these, soul proven, tried by fire and by pain, The nnenaory of a mother-love, that pressed an iron crown!" PUBLISHED BY THE Confederated Southern riernorial Association. REVISED AND AUTHORIZED EDITION. LIBRARY n* nOMf^PfSS Two Ogpiea Hecetved JUN 27 1904 Cooyrtfht Ent'v CUAS» H. XXo. No COPY B Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1904. By Mrs. William J. Behan. President, Cosfedbbated Sovthbrn Memorial Association. In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. D. C. All rights reserved. THE entHAU PRESS NEW ORLEANS. ^I^ DeDicatcJ) to tbe Confederate SolMer anD au wbo loveD, lost or suffered, in that Cause, Zbe gran&est tbat ever rose, ITbe purest tbat ever fell. 'To live in the hearts of those who love us, Is not to die." r U ■/ TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Foreword 7 Oration on Life and Services of Jefferson Davis, by Hon. Chas. E. Fenner 9 " The Women of the Confederacy " ,. 27 The Confederated Southern Memorial Association 29 The Orlgrin of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association. ... 32 Mrs. J. C. Lee. Montgomery, Alabama 4 »> Bollgee, Alabama 48 Camden, Alabama 49 Florence, Alabama 51 Gainesville, Alabama 54 Montgomery, Alabama 56 Whiti House Memorial Association, Montgomery, Alabama C3 Union Springs, Alabama G4 Fayettevllle, Arkansas C6 Pensacola, Florida 71 Qulncy, Florida 75 Mrs. F. A. Timberliike. Augusta, Georgia S3 Albany, Georgia S4 Americus, Georgia S7 Atlanta, Georgia SS Athens. Georgia lOG Augusta, Georgia 107 Brunswick, Georgia 115 Columbus, Georgia 116 Mrs. Chas. J. Williams, Columbus, Georgia 1.3.'. Madison, Georgia IjG Marietta. Georgia 140 Resaca, Georgia 143 Rome, Georgia 151 Sandersville. Georgia 154 Savannah, Georgia 156 Sparta, Georgia 157 Thomson, Georgia ITiS Washington, Georgia 100 Waynesboro, Georgia ICO View, Kentucky 165 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 166 Ladles' Confederate Memorial Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. 16S Ode to the Confederate Dearation ex- pressly declared that the Union establislied thereby was to be a *' perpetual T"'^nion." Noborly had the temerity to propose snch a provision in the new Constitution, nor does it contain a word — 12 — which hints at the surrender of this then acknowledged and asserted right of secession from the former federal compact. A proposition to invest the Federal Government with power to coerce a recalcitrant State was made in the convention, hut was overwhelmingly defeated, and this denial of power to compel a State to remain in the Union was surely, for all practical pur- poses, an acknowledgment of its right to secede. More- over, the conventions of several of the States, in their acts of ratification of the Constitution, expressly reserved the right of the people of the State to reassume the powers delegated when- ever they shall be perverted to their injury or such reassump- tion " should become necessary to their happiness." Numerous attempts were made in the convention to impress on the government instituted by the Constitution the character of nationality, but everyone was overwhelmingly defeated, and the most solicitous eare was taken at every point and in every step to preserve its character as a purely federal compact be- tween sovereign and independent States which retained their inherent sovereignty, and all the powers pertaining thereto, exeept the carefully limited functions which were expressly dele- gated to the Federal Government as a common agent. But I must not allow myself to be drawn into further dis- cussion of this great question. Fortunately, Jefferson Davis, aided by the exhaustive researches of Albert Taylor Bledsoe and of our distinguished and venerable fellow-citizen, B. J. Sage, has formulated the whole argument in his " Else and Fall of the Confederate Government." I have recently re-read that matchless argument. It is comprised in the fifteen chapters of part II of that work, and embraces only 112 pages. Speaking with all due temperance and strictly as a legal critic, I pronounce it one of the most powerful and masterly legal and constitutional arguments of which I have any knowledge in the English language. In logical arrangement, in lucidity of ex- pression, in closeness of reasoning, in the amplitude and pre- cision with which it marshals the facts and evidence, in the candor and force with which it states and refutes the assump- tions and arguments of his opponents, in the admirable sobriety of its temper, it stands as a monument to his genius and as a model of constitutional exposition. It has never been answered, and it is unanswerable. It was intended and it serves as a •complete vindication of the right of the Southern States to — 18 — witlidraw from the Federal Union, to terminate the compact, which they had made with their sister States, and to re-assume the powers which had been delegated to the Federal Governn>ent as a common agent. Buried in the huge tomes of which it forms a part, this grand constitutional argument has not attracted the attention whicli it deserves. It is complete in itself, and T believe it would be a service to all the people of this country if it were published by itself in a small volume or pamphlet and dissemi- nated throughout the land. It should be read by every patriot, Northern as well as Southern. It deals with what is to-day a purely historical question. As citizens of a re-united countr}- and restored Union, living under a Constitution from which all admit that the right of peaceable secession has been eliminated by the inveterate res adjudicata of war, and, therefore, irre- vocably bound together for weal or woe, we are all concerned in finding tlie true basis on which we may forever live together as friends. The safest guarantee of the permanence of the Union and of peace, harmony, happiness and prosperity of our people must be found in the mutual respect and forbearance from insult of all sections of the people towards each other. Nothing can conduce to this so powerfully as a true and correct underi=tand- ing of the grounds and motives on which the Southern States acted when they seceded from the Union, and on which especially the people of those States, as well those who opposed, as those who favored secession, believed in their duty to yield their allegiance to the States of which they were citizens. But let me pass from this subject and proceed with my sketch. Such a light as that of Jefferson Davis could not remain hid under a bushel. In 1844 he was chosen as the Democratic can- didate for presidential elector in the canvass l)etwecn ^Ir. Clay and Mr. Polk. He canvassed the State, and thus became known to the people of Mississippi. P>om that time he became their idol. In 1845 he was married to the noble and gifted woman who clung to him, not only as a faithful wife, but as his " guide, phil- osopher and friend " through all the vicissitudes of his clieck- ered career — who shared and sympatliized in all his ambitions and triumphs — who, in his hour of calamity, such as has rarely fallen to human lot when he seemed to be deserted by all the world, stood heroically by him, clamoring for justice and fiercely defying and resisting the torrent of unmerited de- — 14 — nunciation and abuse which was poured upon his defenseless head — and who, after death had snatched him from her, true in death as she had been in life, devoted long and laborious years of her desolate widowhood to the writing of that memoir of her husband which stands as an exhaustive and tri- umphant vindication of his memory, and will survive as one of the most valuable contributions which has yet been made to the history of a momentous era. Immediately after his marriage, Mr, Davis was elected as Eep- resentative in Congress and took his seat in December, 1845, The burning questions of the hour were the Oregon dispute with Great Britain, the war with Mexico, and those arising out of the annexation of Texas. Mr. Davis leaped at once, full-armed into the arena of debate, and in several speeches of great power and eloquence attracted the attention of the House and of the people and fixed all eyes upon him as one of the coming men of the day. His career as Eepresentative was cut short by the war with Mexico. In June, 1846, he was called to assume the Colonelcy of the regiment of volunteers which Mississippi was raising for active service in the field. He immediately accepted and re- paired to Mississippi, completed its organization and promptly joined the army then fighting under Taylor. The record of the brilliant exploits of Jefferson Davis and his Mississippi Eifles forms one of the most conspicuous chapters in the history of that war. He returned, a wounded hero, amidst the acclama- tions of all his countrymen. Within less than two months after his return, he was first appointed, and then received the unpre- cedented compliment of being unanimously elected to the United States Senate, in which he took his seat in December, 1847. In 1853 he was called to the Cabinet of President Pierce as Secretary of War, in which he served until the expiration of Mr. Pierce's term in 1857. At that time he had already been re- elected to the Senate and passed immediately from the Cabinet to the Senate, where he served until the war. Before adverting to the senatorial career of Mr. Davis, let us make a brief reference to the services of Mr. Davis as a member of the Cabinet. He superintended the extension of the Capitol building; he co-operated with Bache in the scientific development of the coast survey ; he interested himself in the Smithsonian Institute ; he forwarded the scientific study of the problems of the Mississippi — IB — river; he directed surveys for a railway to the Pacific; he re- vised the army regulations; he introduced light infantry or the rifle system of tactics; he inaugurated the manufacture of rifles, pistols and the use of the minie ball; he induced the addition of four regiments to the anny, and organized a cavalry service adapted to the wants of the country; he augmented the seacoast and frontier defenses; he had the western part of the continent explored for scientific, geographical and railroad pur- poses. He was universally recognized as a great Secretary of War, and few have filled that high office who left behind more enduring monuments of wise and efficient administration. Let us now return to Mr. Davis' career as a Senator. That was the era of senatorial giants. Clay, Webster, Calhoun, Benton, Seward, Benjamin, Douglas, Toombs and a host of other men hardly less distinguished adorned its rolls and formed a galaxy of genius such as has rarely been gathered in any deliber- ative body. It is not too much to say that Jefferson Davis promptly took his place amongst the foremost of them all, and won speedy and universal recognition as inferior to none in power' of debate, in forensic eloquence, in indomitable courage and tact, in breadth and depth of knowledge and in masterly equipment for all the duties of practical and philosophic states- manship. The times were stirring; the flames of sectional agitation and conflict which had smoldered since the Missouri compromise had been fanned into new life by the admission of Texas as a State, and were now burning fiercely about the disposition which should be made of the territories of California and New Mexico, recently acquired under the treaty with Mexico, and of the re- maining territories of the Louisiana purchase. It was a renewal of that fatal sectional strife between the Nortliom and the South- ern States, which continued to rage with growing fury and in- tensity until it culminated in the secession of the Southern States and the consequent long and bloody war. It is important to have a just understanding of the true nature and scope of those controversies. An entirely false con- ception of tbeir true nature and scope has grown up and been assiduously cultivated to the effect that it was a contest between the essential principles of liberty and slavery. Nothing could be farther from tlio tnitli. Whatever may have been the abstract opinions of individuals on either side; whatever — 16 — may have been the ulterior designs of certain leaders of public opinion in the North; whatever may have been the logical ten- dency of the doctrines of the " irrepressible conflict " between liberty and slavery, and of the existence of " a law higher than the Constitution/' the fact remains that neither party to those controversies openly suggested or proposed the liberation of a solitary slave then held in bondage. All agreed that the status of slavery as it existed in the Southern States was conclusively protected by the Constitution, and could not be affected or impaired by any action of the Federal Government. Every as- surance was offered the Southern States that slavery within their limits should not be interferred with. In the compromise of 1850 the consideration which the Southern States received, freely offered and adopted by Northern votes, was the enact- ment by Congress of a more stringent law for the return of fugi- tive slaves. Even after secession and while the war was flagrant, the Federal Government emphatically proclaimed that it had no right, no power and no disposition to interfere with slavery in the Southern States. But for secession and the consequent war, and for emancipation avowedly adopted purely and solely as a war measure, there is no reason to doubt that slavery would be existing to-day just as it existed before the war, under the full protection of the Constitution and laws of the United States. The true question involved in those controversies was a ques- tion of "balance of power" between the Northern and South- em States. Slavery, as a peculiar institution of the South, cre- ated a diversity and conflict of interests between the two sections, and each was eager, in the admission of the new States, to secure allies which might contribute to the advancement and protection of its own interests. Ohviously, unless the people of the Southern States could remove to the common territories of the Union, carrying with them their property, these would inevitably be populated by settlers from the Northern States, and would come into the Union as free States to swell the power and influence of the opposing section. The principle for which the Southern people contended was simply the doctrine of which we are to-day hearing so much — the principle that " the Constitution follows the flag," and that the territories, being the common property of all the United States, acquired by the common blood and the common treasure, the Constitution guaranteed to all the people the equal right of migrating to them, and of carrying with them •17 — their property, of whatever nature, recognized and protected by the Constitution. The Northern people, or at least the domi- nant majority of them, assorted the power and duty of Congress to exclude slavery from the territories, and to prevent the citi- zens of the Southern States from settling in the same, unless they abandoned and left behind them their slaves, which constituted their most valuable property. Although the present Supreme Court of the United States, by a bare majority of one, has recently asserted the practical omnipo- tence of Congress over the territories free from constitutional restraints, the Supreme Court at that day took a different view, and in the Dred Scott case gave its emphatic sanction to the con- tention of the Southern people. It is needless to follow the history and developments of those memorable controversies. SufBce it to say that events occurred and conflicts arose which rendered impossible the continuance of a voluntary Union. The predestined strife was not to be averted. Passion usurped the seat of reason. Dissension swelled into defiance. Chiding grew into fierce recrimination. Constant quarrel ripened into hate. Fourteen Northern States, in their so- termed " personal liberty bills," openly nullified the Constitution in that very clause which had been the condition sine qua non upon which the Southern States had acceded to the compact. A sectional party was formed upon a basis known and designed to exclude from its ranks the entire people of fifteen States, and that party triumphed by an electoral majority which left no hope that it could ever be overcome. Surely the Constitution of the United States was not framed to meet or to fit such a condition of afi:airs. It was a compact entered into between independent States for the declared purpose of promoting the " common defense and general welfare," and of " insuring domestic tranquillity." It was a league between friends not between enemies; and when conditions arose which arrayed the sections in permanent conflict with each other, and changed their relations and feelings towards each other from friendship into enmity, he must have been blind indeed who could not see that the continuance of a voluntary Union became impossible. Mr. Davis naturally espoused the cause of his people, and became one of its ablest and most ardent advocates. None saw more clearly or deprecated more deeply the inevitable result of the continuance of such a conflict. He proclaimed on all — 18 — occasions his love for the Union. He had spent almost his entire life in its service. Although he was a firm believer in the right of secession, he regarded it as a last resort, only to be exercised in the last extremity, when all other means for securing har- mony and a just respect for the rights of all under the Constitu- tion had hopelessly failed. With the prescience of a statesman, he saw, more clearly perhaps than any other man of his time, that the inevitable result of the conditions then existing must be the dissolution of the Union, and he strove with all his might to avert it. He exhausted his powers of luminous exegesis in expounding the true theory of the Constitution, and of the rela- tions thereunder of the States to each other and to the Federal Grovernment. He lifted his voice in eloquent warning as to the sure result of sectional strife as fatal to the continuance of the Union. He pleaded pathetically for the preservation of the Constitutional Union. He made impassioned appeals to the patriotism of the Northern people to respect the constitutional rights of the States, and to desist from their furious and insult- ing assaults upon the institutions of the South, for the existence of which the whole people of the United States shared an equal responsibility, and for the protection of which all the people of all the States were solemnly bound by the Constitution. These efforts he continued down to the last moment of his senatorial career. He participated in the efforts of Crittenden and of Douglas and of other conservative men to devise some compromise of the differences between the sections which might avert secession. He served on the committee appointed by the Senate to devise such a basis of amicable settlement. In his last speech in the Senate before his retirement he said : ''What, Senators, to-day is the condition of the country ? From every corner of it comes the wailing cry of patriotism, pleading for the preservation of the great inheritance we derived from our fathers. Is there a Senator who does not daily receive letters appealing to him to use even the small power which one man here possesses to save the rich inheritance our fathers gave ns? Tears are trickling down the stern faces of men who have bled for the flag of their country and who are willing now to die for it ; but patriotism stands powerless before the plea that the party about to come into power laid down a platform, and that, come what will, though ruin stare in the face, consistency must be adhered to, even though the Government be lost." — 19 — Is this the language of a cold-blooded conspirator? Yet it is but a sample of the ardent and eloquent appeals which Mr. Davis made for the preservation of the Constitutional Union. In tlie actual movements taken by his State towards secession, he was not the leader, but the follower and moderator of his people. He favored caution and delay in order to leave open as long as possible every chance for amicable arrangement, and ho thereby incurred the criticism of his friends, who were bent on immediate action, and who accused him of not being in heart with the movement. When all attempts at settlement had been mot by determined and immovable opposition on the part of the dominant party, and when Mississippi had actually seceded and re-a&sumed her position as a sovereign State, nothing was left for Mr. Davis, but to yield his unqualified allegianoo to the State of which he was a citizen, and to which he believed his allegiance was due. His parting words to his fellow-Senators upon his retirement indi- cated in eloquent terms that he parted from them, not in angor, but in deepest sorrow. Jefferson Davis was not an aspirant for the position of Presi- dent of the Confederate States. He had signified to his friends his preference for service as a soldier in the field, and sii|)p()scd that he had guarded against any consideration of his name for the presidency, but when the delegates of the States assembled in convention for the purpose of organizing a provisional gov- ernment, it proved to be their unanimous sentiment that Jeffer- son Davis was the man of all others best fitted for the responsible position of President of the Confederate States. When he was informed of this unanimous action he felt compelled to yield his personal preferences and not to shirk the responsibility which was thus thrust upon him by the representatives of the people. Of j\Ir. Davis' career as President of the Confederate States, I shall say but little. The wisdom of his administration of that high office has been subjected to that fierce criticism which al- ways falls upon the heads of the leaders of lost causes. But when we consider the condition and environment of the Southern States when they entered upon this tremendous war — their lack of arms, of ammunition, of workshops, of factories, of trained mechanics, of ships of war and merchant vessels; their inade- quate facilities of transportation, their agricultural condition wliiob had always been engaged in the production of articles for — 20 — export, and had been dependent upon the Northern States for supplies of food and forage, their want, in fine, of everything which was essential to prepare a people for sucessful warfare; when we consider that they were speedily cut off by blockade from all communication with foreign countries; when we con- sider that they were thus thrown upon their own resources to ex- temporize the means of supplying all these wants ; when we con- sider the enormous odds against which they had to contend, not only in numbers, but in every other conceivable advantage, and when we then reflect upon the magnificent contest which they maintained for four years against overwhelming odds, it is noth- ing short of childish folly to deny that the leader in such a con- test must have been a man of exceptional character and ability. The verdict of history which has already stamped the achieve- ments of the South in that long and bloody war as amongst the most wonderful and heroic that were ever accomplished by any people, can not fail to accord to Jefferson Davis, as their leader from first to last, his full share of the credit and glory which be- longed to them. He may have made mistakes, and doubtless did, but the incomparable morale of the Confederate armies and people was largely inspired by the indomitable courage of Jeffer- son Davis, and by their confidence that, whatever might befall, he would stand by his guns to the very last, and would never yield to anything less than the absolute destruction of all power of further resistance. That confidence was fully justified by the event. When ruin and defeat encompassed us on every side; when the army of Lee had been, not defeated, but destroyed; when the Confederate Capitol had fallen and the government was compelled to flee for safety, the indomitable Southern chieftain was still defiant, and was still busy and intent on schemes to rally the remains of his shattered forces, and to renew and maintain the fight as long as there remained a shot in the locker. Had he escaped, the history of the Confederate war might not have closed without a final chapter, which, owing to his surprise and capture, remained un- written. The treatment of which Jefferson Davis was made the victim after his capture is a chapter which all good men would like to see blotted from the history of the Eepublic. Something is to be forgiven to the intensity of excitement and resentment which prevailed at that time. Let us cast the mantle of charitable — 21 — silence over the indignities, humiliations and unnecessary cruel- ties which for man}' months were visited upon a sick, helpless and defenseless prisoner. The memory of them can serve no purpose, except to illustrate the heroic fortitude and undaunted spirit of their victim. But there were other injuries far worse than any mere physical tortures, which justice demands should not be left unnoticed. All the efforts of the powers that were, to "make treason odious," were concentrated upon the defenseless head of Jeffer- son Davis. The flood gates of slander and obloquy were opened wide upon him. His character was distorted and vilified ; he was painted as a monster of cruelty and cowardice, a vile conspirator who plotted the ruin of his country and deluged a continent in blood, with no better motive than to gratify a criminal ambition and to advance his personal interests. He was charged with be- ing the instigator and abettor of the murder of Mr. Lincoln, with all the malignity, but without the courage, of the actual assassin. He was accused of intentional and inhuman cruelty to defense- less prisoners. He was charged with having basely rifled the treasure chests of the Confederacy, and appropriating them to his private emolument. All who knew Mr. Davis, all who will take the slightest pains to study the ample record of his life and character, must view such charges with peculiar horror and in- dignation. Jefferson Davis, as a man, undoubtedly had his faults, as who has not; but they were the faults of an open and generous nature. He had strong friendships and violent prejudices for individuals. He was, perhaps, too blind to the shortcomings of his friends, and too intolerant to those of his enemies. But whatever may be said of him, he was, from top to toe, a gentle- man, in the highest acceptation of that word. He had a fine and delicate sense of honor which resented the slightest stain upon it, as he would a blow in the face. He had a chivalric courage, written in his martial bearing, and in his aquiline and defiant countenance, which sliirked no confiict, but which always fought in the open, and scorned all indirect or underhand advantage. He had, as is common with men of that type, a romantic tender- ness for the weak and the dependent — as illustrated by the ex- quisite and inimitable courtesy and deference of his bearing toward women — by his delight in the society of children, and his charming faculty for attracting their confidence and affection — — 22 — and by his gentle, just and Immane treatment of his numerous slaves, which made them his devoted friends, whose respect and allegiance stood unshaken even after they became free. His whole public life was pitched on the highest plane of devotion to duty and of inflexible adherence to principle. It was, perhaps, his defect as a practical statesman that he scorned too much the politician's arts, and shrunk too sensitively from everything which involved a sacrifice of principle to expediency. In private life he was a man whose word was ever his bond, scrupulously faithful to every engagement, sensitively regardful of his obliga- tions and the rights of others, with a lofty contempt of all sordid considerations— a man as incapable of soiling his conscience or his palm with the touch of filthy lucre not his own, as ever "lived in the tides of time." Such was the man against whom an angry and resentful gov- ernment fulminated charges of the most despicable and cowardly crimes, and upon whom it set "all the little dogs. Tray, Blanche and Sweetheart," to worry at his heels, and with the teeth of their envenomed slanders to tear to shreds the fair mantle of his unblemished reputation. The helpless prisoner, though subjected to the anguish of knowing of these wanton assaults, was kept with clo§ed mouth, forbidden to utter a word in his own defense. He bore them with a lofty contempt, inspired by the mens conscia recti, and with a philosophy springing from his serene confidence that soon or late triumphant triith would vindicate his name. The time came when the sleeping public conscience was aroused to a sense of the rank injustice of holding in imprisonment a man charged with such heinous crimes, not only without a trial, but without even an idictment or arraignment at the bar of public justice. Such men as Horace Greeley, Gerrit Smith, John A. Andrews and others of the men who had been his bitterest political foes took up his case and determined that justice should be done. They investigated the pretended evidence on which it was claimed that he was implicated in the odious crimes with which he had been charged. They convinced themselves, and openly pro- claimed to the world their conviction that there was not the slightest ground for such charges. Even Thaddeus Stephens, who would no doubt gladly have seen Jefferson Davis hung for high treason, did not hesitate to declare his confidence that he was innocent of all the other charges, saying that he knew — 23 — Jefferson Davis, and that whatever else might be said of him, he was a gentleman incapable of such crimes. There was not even a pretense of persistence in those charges. They were absolutely abandoned. He was indicted for treason, a purely political crime. He was liberated from imprisonment on a bond signed by Horace Greeley, Gerrit Smith and Commodore Vanderbilt. The government never ventured to press the case to trial. At the ensuing term of court a nolle prosequi was entered and Jeffreson Davis passed a free man into the body of his fellow-citizens. But, although thus completely vindicated, the filthy streams of slander and abuse, which sd long flowed unrestrained over his fair name and fame, were not turned aside without leaving their foul slime behind them. Jefferson Davis had come to be regarded by the mass of the Northern people as what they called the "arch traitor," the "raw head and bloody bones" of wicked rebellion ; the man responsible to widows for their slaughtered husbands, to orphans for their lost fathers, to parents for mur- dered sons, the very embodiment of hate and evil and bloody crime. Even when the returning tide of reason and justice be- gan to flow, when juster and more rational views of the war and of the participants began to prevail, when the long-silence chords of fraternity between the people of a country, once more com- mon, began to vibrate with the music of renewed love and gen- erosity, swelling into a louder anthem, until it drowned the sensate shrieks of hate and discord, even then Jefferson Davis was still left in solitary exclusion from the abundant bounty of mutual charity and forgiveness. Like a red flag shaken in the face of an angry bull, the mention of his name still remained a note of discord, which aroused anew the almost-forgotten frenzy of the past. Even the Southern people, with all their courage, almost learned to speak his name with bated breath, and to confine within the private recesses of their own hearts, the unbounded sympathy, love and admiration which they felt for their imdaunted leader, who had been made the vicarious sufferer for faults, if faults they were, which he only shared in common with each and every one of them, and who bore the whole burden of which they had been relieved, with such eager gladness in their relief, and with such unflinching fortitude. There was a time when the people of the Southern States had the same feelings towards Abraham Lincoln which the i^orthem people entertained towards Jefferson Davis, and which still lin- — 24 — ger in the minds of many of them. How completely have those sentiments passed away and been forgotten ! Justice is the most persistent and irrepressible of human voices. It may be smothered for a time by passion and prejudice — it may be temporarily drowned by the uproar of calumny and denunciation — but it still clamors for hearing, and the time surely comes when it must and will be heard. It took more than a century and a half to bring the people of England to the point of doing justice to Oliver Cromwell. We live faster in these days. More than a generation has passed since the Confederate flag was folded to its eternal rest. Death, the great leveler which summons each of us in his turn to the bar of judgment, and from whose dread presence malice and all uncharitableness shrink re- buked, has long since laid his icy fingers on all that was mortal of Jefferson Davis. Has not the time arrived for justice to his memory? I knew and loved the man. In this brief and im- perfect epitome I have sought to strike the true keynote of his life and character, and to lay the foundation for a just and im- partial judgment on them both. With heart overflowing with patriotic devotion to our com- mon country — keenly responsive to the spirit of love and fra- ternity which has grown up between all sections of our people — devoutly thankful to that divine Providence which has so guided the hearts of men and shaped the current events, that, out of the wreck and ruin of desperate conflict, we are saved the essential principles of constitutional liberty and of the equal rights of citizenship, and have re-established foundations on which, if faithfully guarded and preserved, the glorious destinies of the American Eepublic may be triumphantly accomplished, I stand here to-day to claim that justice from the whole people of our country, Xorth as well as South — justice, only justice — justice to the memory of a man who illustrated the history of two nations by valor in battle, wisdom in counsel, eloquence in de- bate, temperance in triumph and inexpugnable fortitude in ad- versity — justice to the memory of a man who, when the mists of passion and prejudice shall have passed away, history must undoubtedly rank as one of the greatest of Americans. I cannot close this appeal more appropriately or enforce it more strongly than by quoting the concluding paragraph of his great work on the 'Tlise and Fall of the Confederate Govern- ment," which was his historical and political testament to his people : — 25 — "In asserting the right of secession, it has not been my wish to incite to its exercise, I recognize the fact that the war showed it to be impracticable, but this did not prove it to be wrong, and now that it may not be again attempted, and that the Union may promote the general welfare, it is needful that the truth, the whole truth, should be known, so that crimination and recrimi- nation may forever cease, and then, on the basis of fraternity and faithful regard for the rights of the States, there may be written on the arch of the Union, Esto Perpetua." — 26 — TKe Wc of tke Confederacy. War has played the game of battles on the bloody field of Mars, With fate behind the masque of hope, for clashing Gray and Blue; And beside its broken altars, one has furled its stars and bars, — The whitest flower of chivalry that heraldry e'er knew. And the knighthood of the Southland kept the memory of its Cross, Above the bitter lees of life the darkened years have quaffed; For its spirit lives, invincible, beyond its woe and loss, — Its wassail bowl was valor, and immortal truth the draught ! How they charged ! the whole world wondered at the thrilling battle stroke ! In life's grandest panorama, like Crusaders they had come, — But knightlier far than legend e'er in song or story, woke. For their Cross was love and honor and their Holy Grail was Home ! What marvel then, that nations heard and gave of their applause, Before the clash of right with might, of principle with gold, — That cradle and the grave were robbed to swell the living cause, That left upon the sodden field the grandest record told ! Fate won ; and knew not Mercy in that awful molten blare, When the Southrons turned in sorrow from the smoking cannon's mouth. But the arms of love were round them, and above a grim despair Rose the voices of their vestals, — faithful women of the South ! Theirs were the hands that tied the sash and girt the blade so bright, — Theirs were the hearts that fared them forth, — the bravest of the brave ! — Theirs were the feet that trod the loom from morn till weary night. And theirs the love that knelt in faith, beside a warrior's grave ! — 27 — Far out upon the wrecks of love, their cradle songs were cast, — The songs of nursing mothers, as they w^ept the bloodstained shields; And hymned unto the boom of guns, the rattling of the blast, Their days of youth lie buried on forgotten battle fields ; But they builded in the twilight of their hopes and of their fears. Love's memorial unto valor, that shall stand while time shall bide, Blent of springtime's crimson roses and the purity of tears — The Southron's glory-chaplet, for the victor's shaft, denied. And the wide world heard no murmur from the keepers of the shrine, — ■ In the birth throe of a nation nor the death pang that it brought, — In the tending of the cypress that a faithful few will twine, When fate tramples down the laurels that a dauntless people sought Give the laurel to the victor, — give the song unto the slain ! — Give the Iron Cross of Honor, ere death lays the Southron down ! — But give to these, soul proven, tried by fire and by pain, A memory of their mother-love, that pressed an iron crown ! Virginia Frazer Boyle. 28 MRS. W. J. BEHAN, President Confederated Southern Memorial Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. t' Confederated Soutnern Memorial Association History is only made by the accretions of years, consequently this Confederation of Memorial Associations has in its three short years of existence done little to excite comment or to record, but the object of its organization is so noble, it must command the respect of all Southern people. In the great struggle for a noble and just Cause, for which the men of the South sacrificed their all, the women with a faith and confidence, sublime almost in its intensity, cheered and encouraged Fathers, Sons and Husbands in their gallant de- fense of their rights, weaved, spun, nursed the sick, and wher- ever a woman's hand could tend or soothe^ there her mission. With a courage undaunted by the perils that beset her path of duty and love, from 1861 to 1865, she hoped, endured and prayed for her struggling land and her heroes, and when defeat came passed through the fiery ordeal of ruined hopes, to accept with a brave and dignified resignation, a fate so adverse, its memory can never be effaced. Immediately after the fall of the Confederacy the women of the South commenced their Memorial work. It is true that very rarely have those who have suffered defeat been accorded memorial honors; the South has made no such discrimination, she has woven wreaths of Immortelles for all who died under her banners, although they were lowered in the gloom of defeat. For thirty years or more, as their histories have told us, the women of the South have cared for their dead, built monu- ments and celebrated each year with befitting ceremonies the decoration of the graves of their heroes. From all over the Southland came the tender record of loving deeds, and each association worked on in its own plan of Memorial, emulated and encouraged by the efforts of their sisters in other Stat^, — 29 — all with the single idea and purpose of perpetuating the mem- ory and deeds of their valiant dead. To those familiar with reconstruction days, and the period immediately following the close of the eventful struggle for State Rights and property, nothing need be said of the trials that beset and perplexed the women of the Confederacy in their efforts to rescue from ob- livion the memories of men who stand recorded as the world's greatest heroes, but through trials and persecutions these women persevered and to-day their noble deeds are told in history and song, and side by side with the Veterans they gather each year in reunion, recognized North and South, their devotion re- warded by the recognition and appreciation of the world, who loves a faithful woman; faithful aye, even more so, than the usual acceptance of the word, have the women of the Confed- eracy been to their heroes, traditions, and the Cause for which they struggled four long eventful years. ]\Iany of the faithful have passed into the silent beyond, and rest neath the shadow of the trees, but "the voices of the past still bring new messages to the* present," and the Heaven sent inspiration to unite the Memorial Associations of the South into one great band of sisters, seems a fitting climax and tribute to the faithful work- ers and the work begun in sorrow and privation. The beautiful idea of confederating all Memorial Associa- tions originated w'ith the Southern Memorial Association of Fayetteville, Arkansas, and an invitation was sent out through its corresponding secretaiy, ]\Iiss Sue H. Walker, to all Me- morial Associations requesting that they send delegates to a meeting to be called at Louisville, Kentucky, May 30, 1900. In response to this invitation meetings were held by the Me- morial Asociations, the plan of confederation endorsed and delegates appointed to attend the convention. These delegates met in the music room of the Gait House May 30, 1900, at 10 A. M. Committees were formed and the regular business of organization proceeded. A constitution and by-laws were adopted and officers elected, thus culminating a cherished plan, for by this union of all Memorial Associations it is believed we will perpetuate more certainly the purposes for which each association has been individually laboring, and will more firmly cement the ties which already exist between them. The officers chosen were: Mrs. W. J. Behan, of Tjouisiana, President; Miss D. M. L. Hodgson, of Ijouisiana, Recording Secretary; — 30 — Miss Sue H. Walker, of Arkansas, Corresponding Secretary; Miss Julia A. Garside, of Arkansas, Treasurer; Mrs. Sarah Polk Blake, of Louisiana, Historian; and one Vice President for each State. The President, Eccording Secretary and His- torian are members of the Ladies' Confederate Memorial As- sociation in ISTew Orleans, Louisiana. The Treasurer and Cor- responding Secretary are memhers of the Southern Memorial Association in Fayetteville, Arkansas. On three occasions since its organization at Louisville, in 1900, has the Confederated Southern Memorial Association met in convention, viz : at MiOmphis, Tennessee, Dallas, Texas, and New Orleans, Louis- iana. An increased membership and more intelligent Imowl- edge of the history of the Confederate Cause is the natural re- sult of these annual meetings, a closer bond of fellowship and a determined effort to perpetuate in history the testimony of the broken hearted women and maimed heroes of '61-'65, a sacred duty which must be fulfilled before the march of time decimates OUT rapidly thinning ranks and leaves us naught but tradition and song. To future generations of the people of the South and to tlie Sons and Daughters of the women of the Confederacy, who first banded themselves together in memorial work, may this Confederation carry its messages and legacy of devotion to the memory of a Cause and the heroes who fought for it, the Death- less Dead of the Southern Confederacy. Margaret Cary Green Davis, Historian. — 31 — R The Origin of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association t5i& ITS WORK, PAST AND PRESENT. Early in the sprins,' of 1900, at a regular monthly meeting of the Soutliern ^Memorial Association of Fayettevillc, Arkan- sas, on motion of Miss Julia A. Garside (now Mrs. W, B. Welch), it was decided to endeavor to organize all Memorial Associations of the South into a general federation, the object being to commemorate the work already done and to insure its continuance. The Corresponding Secretary was instructed to write to associations elsewhere and ask their co-operation. Cor- dial responses were received and arrangements made for dele- gates from each association to meet at the United Confederate Veteran Reunion at Tjouisville, Kentucky. A most enthusiastic meeting was held at the Gait House, May 30th, 1900, at which time the organization was perfected, delegates from thirteen associations being present. The following officers were elected for a term of three years: President, Mrs. W. J. Behan, of White Castle, La. ; Recording Secretary, Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson, New Orleans, La. ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Sue H. Walker, Fayettevillc, Ark.; Historian, ]\Irs. Sarah Polk Blake, and a Vice President from each, of the States repre- sented. A Committee on Constitution and By-Laws was appointed as follows: Miss Julia A. Garside, Chairman; Mrs. Joseph R. Davis, Mrs. Lizzie Cary Daniel, Mrs. M. E. Lloyd, "Mrs. L. Graliam, and Mrs. W. J. Behan, ex-officio. At a subsequent meeting the same was submitted and adopted. The Constitution provides that this organization shall be called " The Confederated Southern Afemorial Association," its ob- ject, "Strictly ^lemorial and Historical." The original signers of the constitution are as follows: Mrs. Katie Walker Behan, :^^rs. J. D. Walker, Mrs. M. I»uise Benton Graham, Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson, ^liss Lucy "Mar- — 32 — MISS SUE H. WALKER, Corresponding Secretary Confederated Southern Memorial Association, Fayetteville, Arkansas. .1>.11 Smith Mrs. K. J. McGowan, Mrs. Jennie Edwards, M-s. t T M TeeT Mrs. Theodosia Worthington Valliant M.ss Julia'A Ga de, Miss Sue H. Walker, Mrs. Joseph B. Dav.s, fc WE Badjer, Mrs. Sholton Chieves, Miss ^^^-^^-^-^f- ^an, Mrs Davil C Eichardson, Mrs. liz.i. Gary Dan.el, Mrs. M E. Lloyd, Mrs. N. V. Kandolph. Upon the second day of the Reunion the delegates f he newly Confederated Associations proceeded in a body to the United Confederate Veteran Convention Hall, where they we ^ by a committee of veterans and provided w,th seats on the Xtfom The Confederated Southern Memonal Association wl rinally recognized by the United Confederate Veterans amid great applause. General Gordon expressing his hearty ap- Tiroval of the Confederation. •^ A memorial to General Gordon and the veterans, prepared by Mrs. Lizzie Pollard, President of the Southern Memoriri iLciation of Fayettevillo, Ark., and signed by the thirteen "associations, was then read in a most i-P-je ™"- ner by Ool. Charles Coffin, of Arkansas, and was as follows. Gen. John B. Gordon. Commander-in-Chief United Confeder- ate Veterans: . Dear Sm-Throughout the South are scattered memonal associations, who have not relinquished their origmal organiza- tTZ and ;hose work is solely memorial and ^nnmentah These associations (some of which were formed as far back as 1865) by the most assiduous efforts, have removed from way- side and battlefield our sacred dead-placed them m cemfi- t^^es" our own, and builded monuments «>at wil h^r la^" iu.. testimony to the courage, endurance and patrio ism of te Confederate soldier. We bring to you -<>-*-='"« ^X" stration of work done, than any other orgam.ed body of South em people, men or women. We propose to organize or com- bine these memorial associations (embracing as "-riy as PO. Bible every one in the South) into what we call a Confedera- tion of Memorial Associations." ^ We are not willing to lose our identity as memorial associa- tions, nor to merge ourselves into «» JT^'^^T'tder' "The Daughters of the Confederacy." We hope by this feder- ation to commemorate our efforts and stamp our work upon the hearts of those who come after us, and thereby insure its — 3S — continuance. We would esteem it a privilege and pleasure to have our delegates meet at the same place and time that the United Confederate Veterans hold their annual reunions if agreeable to them. Of course, we do not ask a voice in their councils; but we would like to meet with them. Many of us arc veterans — veterans as much as the gray, battle-scarred old soldiers, tho' we bided at home. While they stood amid the smoke of battle, we stood amid the smoke of burning homes; when they fought, we wept and prayed; when they were hun- gry, we had only a crust at home; when their clothes were wearing threadbare on the long and weary march, we were busy with wheel and loom and needles; when they were in peril on picket, we held tearful, prayerful vigils. Are we not veterans as well as they? Hoping this may meet with your approval, and that of the body over which you preside, I am, very respectfully yours, Mrs. Lizzie Pollard^ President Southerrv Memorial Association, Fayetteville Ark. Much, enthusiasm and frequent applause was elicited by the reading of this memorial, and the veterans gave their endorse- ment by a rising vote. At subsequent meetings of this Conven- tion many important matters were discussed. Chief among them, the proposed monument to Jefferson Davis. Mrs. N. V. Eandolph, of Richmond, Vinginia, Chairman Central Commit- tee of the U. D. C, made an earnest appeal in behalf of this work, and requested the assistance of the memorial associations in the completion of this monument. On motion of Miss Sue H. Walker, of Arkansas, the Confederation pledged its co-oper- ation. A motion was made by Miss Lucy M. Smith, and seconded by Miss Daisy Ml L. Hodgson, that "the Confederated Southern Memorial Association be incorporated in the State of Arkansas, in compliment to the Southern ]\romorial Association, of Fay- etteville, Ark., with whom originated the beautiful idea of the consolidation of Southern Memorial Associations." It was adopted unanimously, and jMrs. J. D. Walker was appointed a oonunittee of one to attend to this business. After reports from various committees the Convention adjourned to meet on the first day of the United Confederate Veteran Reunion at ^Nfemphis, Tenn. — 34 — On the 30th day of Octohcr, 1900, through their attorney, J. D. Walker, the petition of the several memorial associations mentioned in the charter was filed in the Circuit Court of "Washington County, in the State of Arkansas, and upon due consideration of the petition by the court, it was ordered that the petition he granted and a certificate issued. The charter reads as follows : State of Aekansas, ) In the Washington County of Washington, j Circuit Court, October Term, A. D., 1900. Whereas, The Southern Memorial Association, of Fayette- ville, Ark.; the Hollywood Memorial Association of Richmond, Va. ; the Junior Hollywood Memorial Association, of Eich- mond, Va.; the Oakwood Memorial Association, of Eichmond, Va. ; the Confederate Memorial Literary Society, of Eichmond, "Va. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Petersburg, Va. ; the Confederate Memorial Association, of St. Louis, Mo.; the Warren Memorial Association, of Front Eoyal, Va. ; the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association, of Memphis, Tenn. ; the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association, of Fort Mill, S. C. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Knoxville, Tenn. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Gainesville, Ala.; the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association of New Orleans, La. ; the Confederate Cemetery Memorial Association, of Vicksburg, Miss. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Montgomery, Ala. ; the Jefferson Davis Monument Association, of New Orleans, La., the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Ealeigh, N. C. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Augusta, Ga. ; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Atlanta, Ga.; the Wilcox County Ladies' Memorial Association, of Camden, Ala.; the Junior Oakwood Memorial Association, of Eichmond, Va. ; the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association, Junior, of New Orleans, La.; the Ladies' Memorial Association, of Albany, Ga. ; have filed in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit Court of Wash- ington County, their constitution and articles of law, with their petition for incorporation under the name and style of The Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the prayer of said petition having been granted by the Circuit Court of Washington County, in obedience to the order and direction of said court, they are therefore declared a body politic and cor- — 35 — porato by the name and style of The Confederated Southern Me- morial Association, with all powers, rights, privileges and im- munities granted in and by the Constitution of the same, and allowed and granted by the laws thereunto appertaining, for and during the period of ninety-nine years from the date of this certificate; they, the said petitioners, the said several associa- tions, each having and retaining their several and separate or- ganizations and all their rights, powers, privileges and im- munities not specifically delegated and granted by them to the said Confederated Southern Memorial Association. Witness my signature and official seal as Clerk of the Circuit Court of Washington County, and ex-officio Recorder thereof, this 30th day of October, A. D., 1900. (seal) a. L. Crouch, CJerh and Ex-Officio Recorder. An account of the Confederation, its object and aims, in- corporation, growth, etc., was sent to the Southern Historical Society, of Kichraond, Va., and was given a place in Vol. 28 of the Southern Historical Society Papers, ^nth an eloquent preface by the editor. Having touched upon the origin of the Confederation, its first Convention and its incorporation, it is in order to give a condensed report of the work accomplished and planned by the organization. Of the early work of 1;he old Memorial Associa- tions, too much can not be said. These were the women to whom President Davis referred in his dedication of the " Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government." To The women of the Confederacy, Whose pious ministrations to our wounded soldiers Soothed the last hours of those Who died far from the objects of their tenderest love; Whose domestic labors Contributed much to supply the wants of our defenders in the field; Whose zealous faith in our cause Shone a guiding star undimmed by the darkest clouds of war; Whose fortitude Sustained them under all the privations to which they were Subjected; Whose annual tribute Expresses their enduring grief, love and rcvorcnco For our sacred dead; and Whose patriotism Will teach their children To emulate the deeds of (uir revolutionary sires. — 36 — MISS DAISY M. L. HODGSON, Recording Secretary Confederated Southern Memorial Association, New Orleans, Louisiana. The care of the graves of the Confederate Dead, and erection of monnments to their memory has ever been, and is, the special trust of the Memorial Associations. The numerous monu- ments erected prior to 1895 were all built by them. These vet- eran women of the Memorial Associations, with all the enthu- siasm of their youth, have continued to thus honor the brave defenders of their beloved Southland. They are the leaders, the inspiration; but many younger women 'are constantly Joining their ranks and will carry on the Memorial work when these have laid their burdens down. A most important undertaking of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association is the collection and compilation of the histories of all these memorial associa- tions, to preserve them in book form. This volume will be of priceless value to the children and grandchildren of these noble women, who with breaking hearts amid the gloom of defeat, proved themselves the " Hearts Cour- ageous " of those times, by gathering the sacred dust of the South's heroic dead into cemeteries of their own, and building monuments to their memory. We owe it to them, and to future generations, to preserve tliis record, and to see that the name under which this great work was done, be not allowed to pass into oblivion. A copy of this book, " History of the Confederated Memorial Associations of the South," will be placed in all the Confederate Museums and principal libra- ries; and the proceeds from the sale of the book will be de- voted to the Jefferson Davis monument. In accordance with the promise made at Louisville to assist in erecting this monument to the beloved President of the Confederacy, the energetic and earnest efforts of the Confederation have been directed to this end. Three members from the Confederated Southern Memo- rial Association were added to tlie Board of Directors of the Jefferson Davis Monument Association, viz. : Mrs. W. J. Be- han, Louisiana; Mrs. G^arland Jones, North Carolina, and Mrs. J. D. Walker, Arkansas; and to their zeal much credit is due. At the Convention of the United Daughters of the Confed- eracy, held in Montgomery, Ala., November, 1900, Mrs. S. Thomas McCullough, President of the Jefferson Davis Monu- ment Association, embodied in her report, a request that the President of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association be requested to appoint an Executive Committee to co-operate with the committees from tbe United Daughters of the Con- — 37 — federacy in soliciting and collecting funds for the Jefferson Da- vis Monument. This request was complied with, and the fol- lowing Committee named: Confederated Southern Memorial Association Committee — Co- operating with the United Daughters of the Confederacy, for the Erection of the Jefferson Davis Monument: Mrs. W. J. Bchan, Chairman, New Orleans, La. ; Mrs. Martha Dandridge Bibb, IMontgomer}', Ala.; ^Irs. Junius Jordan, Fay- etteville, Ark. ; Mrs. W. D. Chipley, Pensacola, Fla. ; ^Irs. S. H. Melone, Atlanta, Ga. ; Miss Rosa Lobrano, New Orleans, La.; Mrs. Charles Gascoigne Wright, Vicksburg, Miss.; Mrs. Leroy B. Valliant, St. Louis, Mo.; Mrs. Garland Jones, Raleigh, N. C; Mrs. Alice A. Gaillard Palmer, Charleston, S. C; Mrs. Letitia Frazer, Memphis, Tenn. ; Mrs. D. C. Richardson, Rich- mond, Ya. The report of the Treasurer at Richmond credits the Con- federated Southern Memorial Association with the sum of $7,108.63 for the Davis Monument Fund up to September, 1903. The sales from our book will greatly augment the sum. The Confederation has shown much interest in the Confederate Bazaar in Richmond for the benefit of ilhe Davis Monument and Confederate Museum; generous donations of money and fancy articles for the State booths were sent. Soon after the Confederation was organized at Louisville, the subject of the care of the prison dead buried in the North, presented itself, and one particular case was brought to imme- diate attention. In June, 1900, Congress passed an act carry- ing with it an appropriation for the disinterment of about two hundred and sixty Confederate soldiers buried in and around Washington, D. C, and providing for their rc-interraent in Ar- lington National Cemetery. This act was passed without the knowledge of many in the South, and an appeal was issued )iy the President of the Confederated Southern Memorial Associa- tion in September, calling attention of the Southern people, and particularly of Presidents of Memorial Asssociations to this act of Congress, that tliey might claim their dead (a list having been published) and bring them back to their native States. The movement was received with entliusiasm; the Confederate Veterans coming forw'ard with contributions for removal. ^luch correspondence ensued, and though the desire to accomplish — 38 — this work was strong among memorial women, and could have been accomplished but for certain provisions of the act, they were doomed to disappointment ; the Quartermaster General of the Fnited States of America being ordered to execute the provisions of the act of Congress passed June, 1900. The appro- priation having been made for the specific purpose of removing these remains to Arlington, the law had to be executed. Though unsuccessfid in this particular case, we do not re- gret the effort ; and whenever and wherever possible the dust of these heroes will be claimed and returned to Southern soil. In some cases this can not be, and the bill recently introduced in Congress by Hon. J. B. Foraker, of Ohio, to provide for appro- priate marking of the graves of Confederate soldiers buried in the North, met with the warm approval of the Memorial Associations, and Mrs. W. J. Behan, President of the Confed- eration, voiced their sentiments in her letter to Senator Foraker for his action in this matter. The bill passed the Senate, Janu- ary 34th, and though the great rush of business at the close of the session prevented its consideration by the House, it is confidently hoped that favorahle action will be taken at the next sesssion of Congress. In addition to the general work of the Confederation, the Associations give evidence of renewed interest in local work by increased membership, reg^ular meetings, and interesting pro- grammes for Memorial Day exercises. June 3rd. the date adopted by the United Confederate Veterans at the Dallas Ee- union, will be generally observed. Credit is due the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association, of Kew Orleans, for this action of the veterans. It is true that this day was adopted some years ago at the United Confederate Veterans' Reunion in Houston, Texas, but its observance was not generally adopted and but for the zeal of these devoted admirers of President Davis, this beautiful tribute to his natal day might never have been made official. It was at Memphis that our second annual convention was held, and there the Confederated Southern Memorial Association inaugurated the beautiful custom of holding memorial services in honor of President Davis. This service was held in Calvary Episcopal Church, on the first morning of the Eeunion, and the eloquent address by Bishop Gailor will long be remembered by those present. Again, at — 39 — Dallas, this solemn and impressive memorial service in St. Matthew's Cathedral was the first feature of the Confederated Southern ]\Iemorial Association Convention, conducted by Right Rev. Alexander C. Garrett, whose tribute to Jefferson Da\4s and the women of the South was most eloquent and touching. This mark of devotion to the memory of President Davis, pa- triot, statesman and Christian gentleman, will continue to be the initial feature of all our conventions. But Iftiirteen Associations were represented at the organiza- tion of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association in Louisville; sixty-two are now enrolled, with an average mem- bership of seventy-five each. This steady growth and interest is mainly due to the ability, untiring energ}' and devotion to Southern memories of the President of this Confederation, Mrs. W. J. Behan. The officers whose three years' term of service expires ^lay, 1903, arc: Mrs. W. J. Behan, President; Miss Daisy M. L. Hodgson, Recording Secretary; Miss Sue H. Walker, Corre- sponding Secretary; Mrs. Julia A. Garside Welch, Treasurer; State Vice-Presidents : Mrs. D. H. Williams, Alabama ; Mrs. J. D. Walker, Arkansas; Mrs. W. D. Chipley, Florida; Mrs. F. A. Timberlake, Georgia; :Mrs. L. Graham, Louisiana; Mrs. M. A. Stevens, Mississippi; Mrs. Jennie Edwards, Missouri; Mrs. Garland Jones, North Carolina; Mrs. J. B. Mack, South Caro- lina; Miss ]\L A. Ault, Tennessee; Mrs. Sterling Robertson, Texas; Mrs. David C. Richardson, Virf^nia. Historian: !Mrs. Jos('j)b R. Davis, New Orleans, La. (appointed to succeed Mrs. Sarah Polk Blake, who resigned.) Poet Laureate: ^Irs. Vir- ginia Frazer Boyle, Memphis, Tenn. The Honorary members of the Confederation arc: ^Irs. A'a- rina Jefferson Davis, Mrs. " Stonewall " (T. J.) Jackson, Mrs. J. E. B. Stuart. ]\rrs. D. H. Hill. :Mrs. Braxton Bragg, :\rrs. J. Addison Hayes, i\Irs. Frances Kirby-Smith Wade, INliss Mary Custis Lee, ^[i.»s ]\Iildred Lee, and ^Irs. E. Kirby Smith. — 40 — MRS. JULIA GARSIDE WELCH. Treasurer Confederated Southern M'^morial Association,. Fayetteville. Arkansas. ASSOCIATIONS ENEOLLED IN THE CONFEDEEATED SOUTHEEN MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION. Soidhcrn Memorial Association — Fayette/ville, Ar'kansas. Mts. Lizzie Pollard, President; Miss Sue H. Walker, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Montgomery, Alahama. Mrs. Martha D. Bibb, President; Mrs. I. M. P. Ockenden, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Camden, Alahama. Mrs. W. F. Spurlin, President; Mrs. N. C. Farish, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association' — Oainesville, Alahama. Mrs. D. H. Williams, President; Miss Mary S. Jackson, Sec- retary. Southern Ladies' Memorial Association — Florence, Alahama. ]*[rs. M. W. Camper, President; Olive Gertrude Bogert, Sec- retary. Ladies Memorial Association — Boligee, Alahama. Mrs. A. C. Morehead, President; Mrs. J. McKee Gould, Jr., Secretary. Union Springs Memorial Associatiton — Union Springs,Alaba7na. Mrs. V. P. Pickett, President ; Mrs. Mary F. Pittman, Sec- retary. White House of the Confederacy — Montgomery, Alahama. Mrs. J. D. Beale, President; Mrs. John W. A. Sanford, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Pensacola, Florida. Mrs. W. D. Chipley, President; Mrs. S. A. Moreno, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Quincy, Florida. Mrs. L. P. May, President. Ladies' Memorial Association — Atlanta, Georgia. Mrs. W. D. Ellis, President; Inez Hedge, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Augusta, Georgia. Mrs. C. A. Eowland, President; Miss Mary A. Hall, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Columhus, Georgia. Mrs. Louis F. Garrard, President; Mrs. Jane E. Martin, Secretary. — 41 — Ladies' Memorial Association — Marietta, Georgia. Mrs. R. L. Nesbitt, President ; Mrs. Frances W. Clay, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Waynesboro, Georgia. Mrs. E. F. Lawson, President; Inez Wilkins Jones, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Albany, Georgia. Miss Harriet Ashe Hall, President; Mrs. W. L. 0. Davis, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Athens, Georgia. Miss ]\rildrod L. Rutherford, President; Miss Basiline Prince, Secretary. Washington Memorial Association — Washington, Georgia. Mrs. S. H. Dillard, President; Mrs. G. A. Porche, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Resaca, Georgia. Mrs. E. J. Simmons, President. Ladies' Memorial Association — Brunswich, Georgia. Mrs. M. M. Madden, President; Mrs. Annie C. Hunter, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association Morgan County — Madison Georgia. Mrs. J. A, Billups, President; Mrs. Mary Chiles Ware, Sec- retary. Ladies' Mernorial Association — Rome, Georgia. Mrs. Josephine N. Smith, President; Mrs. Ilalsted Smith, Secretary. Hancock Jjadics' Memorial Association — Sparta, Georgia. Mrs. H. L. Middlebrook, President; Mrs. W. A. Martin, Secretary. Sandersville Memorial Association — Sandersville, Georgia. Mrs. B. D. Evans, President; Mrs. S. J. Bayne, Secretary. Americus Memorial Associatiton — Americus, Georgia. Miss Maria Harrold, President; Miss Lucy C. Taylor, Sec- retary. The Ladies' Memorial Association — Thomson, Georgia. Mrs. E. S. Plarrison, Jr., President; Mrs. H. .Toluismi, Secre- tary and Treasurer. The Eliza Easlon Shannon Memorial Association — View, Ken- tucky. — 42 — Mrs. Zylla Moore Cardin, President; Mrs. James C. Baker, Secretary. Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association — New Orleans, Louisiana. Mrs. W. J. Behan, President; Miss Kate Eastman, Sec- retary. Junior Confederate Memorial Association — New Orleans, Louisiana. Mrs. Blackraan Turner, President; Mrs. J. J. Prowell, Sec- retary. Jefferson Davis Monument Association — New Orleans, Louisiana. Mrs. James Buckley, President; Miss Kate Childress, Sec- retary. Confederate Memorial Association — Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Mrs. J. W. Bates, President; Mrs. W. J. Hurst, Secretary. Confederate Cemetery Memorial Association — Viclcshurg, Missis- sippi. Mrs. M. A. Stevens, President; Mrs. Chas. Gascoigne Wright, Secretary. Beauvoir Memorial Association — Greenwood, Mississippi. Mrs. M. S. Kimbrough, President; Jennie Young, Sec- retary. Jefferson Davis Home Memorial Association — Biloxi, Missis- sippi. Mrs. W. H. Maybin, President; Miss May Armstrong, Sec- retary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Natchez, Mississippi. Mrs. E. B. Monteith, President; Capt. Fred Le Cand, Secretary. Confederate Memorial and Literary Society — St. Louis, Missouri. Mrs. Leroy B. Valliant, President; Mrs. Jennie C. Edwards, Secretary. Sterling Price Memorial Association — Jefferson City, Missouri. Mrs. Laura Allen, President; Mrs. Beauregard H. Fer- guson, Secretary. State Monument Association — Springfield, Missouri. Mrs. W. J. Haydon, President; Mrs. William H. Grottfried, Secretary. Blandford Memorial Association — Mexico, Missouri. Miss Belle Morris, President; Mrs. Adele Sandford, Sec- retary. — 43 — Samuel S. Flarris Memorial Association — Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Mrs. Louis Ilaiick, President. Ladies' Memorial Association — Nevada, Missouri. !Mrs. ^laria Cogswell, President; Annie Lisle Stuttmund, Secretar}'. Ladies' Memorial Association — Raleigh, North Carolina. Mrs. Garland Jones, President; Miss Annie L. Devereux, Secretary. Beaufort County Memorial Association — Washington, North Carolina. Mrs. Jennie S. Jarvis, President; Margaret Arthur Call, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Fort Mill, South Carolina. Mrs. J. B. Mack, President. Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association — Charleston, South Carolina. Mrs. Alice A. Gaillard Palmer, President; Annie Simpson Rood, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Knoxville Tennessee. Mrs. William Caswell, President; Mrs. Mattie W. Keller, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association — Memphis, Tennessee. ]\L-s. C. B. Bryan, President; Mrs. I. N. Murray, Secretary, Southern Mothers — Memphis, Tennessee. Mrs. J. H. Humphreys, President. \ Sul Boss Memorial Association — Waco, Texas. Mrs. Sterling Rohertson, President; Mrs. Hallie M. Dunk- lin, Secretary. Confederate Memorial and Literary Society — Richmond, Vir- ginia. Mrs. Joseph Bryan, President; Mrs. Lizzie Cary Daniel, Secretary. Hollywood Memorial Association — Richmond, Virginia. Mrs. Joseph Bryan, President; ^h-s. J. C. Stewart, Sec- retary. Junior Ilollyivood Memorial .[ssociation — Richmond, Virginia. :Miss Elizabeth F. Towncs. Prcsidont : :Mrs. W. :\I. Wade, Secretary. — 44 — Oal-wood Memorial Association— Richmond, Virginia. Mrs. Stephen Beveridge, President; Mrs. John T. Hughes, Secretary. Junior Oal-wood Memorial Association— Richmond, Virginia. Mrs. Alice C. Fitz, President; Miss Grace E. Schermerhom, Secretary. The Warren Memorial Association — Front Royal, Virginia. Mrs. C. Davis Koy, President ; Miss Lucy Buck, Secretary. Ladies' Memorial Association— Petersburg, Virginia. Mrs. H. Van L. Bird, President; Mrs. Shelton Chieves, Secretary. Manassas Memorial Association— Manassas, Virginia. Mrs. W. E. Lipscomb, President ; Mrs. Jennie Ashby Wolfe, Secretary. Lynchburg Memorial Association — Lynchburg, Virginia. Mrs. Kirkwood Otey, President; Mrs. John H. Lewis, Sec- retary ; Ladies' Memorial Association — Danville, Virginia. Mrs. A. M. Aiken, President ; Mrs. Frank Burton, Secretary. Memorial Aid Association — Portsmouth, Virginia. Mrs. 0. J. Hatton, President; Mrs. Mary A. Bingley, Sec- retary. New Market Memorial Association — Lexington, Virginia. Miss Margaret W. Freeland, President; Eosa J. Brooke, Secretary. Ladies Memorial Association— Winchester, Virginia. Miss Mary Kuntz, President ; Miss Lucy Kussell, Secretary. This Confederated Southern Memorial Association held its fourth annual convention in New Orleans, La., May 19th, 20th, 21st, 22d, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, respect- ively. Its headquarters were in the Continental Guards Armory on Camp street, opposite Lafayette Square and City Hall. The opening feature of the convention was the usual Jefferson Davis memorial service on Tuesday, May 19th, at 10 a. m., in Christ Church. General J. B. Gordon, Commander-in-Chief United Confederate A^eterans; General Stephen D. Lee, and General J. B. Levert, Commander Louisiana Division United Confederate Veterans, with their respective staffs, a large number of veterans, members of memorial associations. United Sons of Confederate Veterans and United Daughters of the Confederacy were in at- tendance. — 45 — The following ladies were elected to servo I'or the next term of three years: Mrs. W. J. Behan, President; Mrs. George A. Williams, Corresponding Secretary; Mi.ss D. M. L. Hodgson, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Charles G. Wright, Treasurer; Miss Mary A. Hall, Historian; Mrs. Virginia Frazer Boyle, Poet Laureate. State Vice-Presidents — Mrs. J. C. Lee, ]\Iontgomery, Ala. ; Mrs. J. D. Walker, Fayctteville, Ark. ; ]\rrs. W. D. Chip- ley. Pensacola, Fla. ; Mrs. F. A. Timberlake, Augusta, Ga. ; Mrs. Alden ]\rcLellan, New Orleans, La. ; Mrs. M. A. Stevens, Vicks- burg, ]\Iiss. ; Mrs. Leroy B. Valliant, St. Louis, Mo. ; ^Irs. Gar- land Jones, Raleigh, N. C. ; Mts. Alice A. G. Palmer, Charles- ton, S. C. ; Miss Missie Ault, Knoxville, Tenn. ; Mrs. Shelton Chieves, Petersburg, Va. A vote. of thanks was offered to the retiring officers for their very faithful and efficient services. Sue H. Walker, Corresponding Secretary Confederated Southern' Memorial As- sociation. . MRS. J. C. LEE Vice-President ConreJerateJ SoutKern Memorial Association Montgomery, Ala. ^Frs. J. C. Lee, Vice-President of the Ladies' ^femorial Asso- ciatiton of Montgomery and a Vice-President of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, is a member of one of the most prominent and distinguished families in the South. Mrs. Lee is a native of the Abbeville District, S. C, and is descended from the distinguished families of Lomax, Tennent, and Mid- dleton, so that by inheritance, association, and education she is thoroughly imbued with all the principles and traditions of Soutihern thought and feeling, which she has the happy faculty of infusing enthusiastically into all the various organizations with which she is so prominently associated for perpetuating the memory of the Confederacy. She is one of the leading spirits engaged in the noble work of raising funds for the erection of a monument on the battlefield of Chickamauga to the gallant •sons of Alabama who fell in that fierce contest. The election of Mrs. Lee as a Vice-President of the Confeder- ated Southern Memorial Association occurred at the fourth annual convention in New Orleans. The Times-Democrat stated in regard to it: — 46 — MRS. J. C. LEE, Vice-President for Alabama. Confederated Southern Memorial Association, Montgomery, Alabama. " Mrs. John C. Lee is one of the most interesting attendants at the convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Asso- ciation. She wears upon her breast the badge of her membership to the Association, which is dated 1868. Mrs. Lee is well known in Montgomery for her unselfish patriotism that for thirty- three years has made her devoted to the noble work of her organization. Yesterday she was the center of a little crowd of women in the reception room at the Convention headquar- ters, and obligated tO'tell many times her experiences and the event in particular that has made her name so well known and well loved in her community. At the outbreak of the war Mrs. Lee and her husband resided in Lewisville, Lafayette County, Ark. Much sentiment was on the side of the ISTorth. When Lincoln's proclamation was issued, there were only five men in the town who stood for Southern principles and Seces- sion. The leaders of the Union party straightway made a large national flag and flung its colors to the breeze. On see- ing this, the small, but determined, band of Southern sympa- thizers appealed to their wives to make a Confederate flag. Mrs. Lee at once took the lead. She was assisted in making the flag by Mrs. Welborn, now of Montgomery, and Mrs. Marshall, of Camden, Arkansas. The coat of arms of Arkansas dec- orated one side, with 'States' rights forever' on the other side, and it was the women who raised it. This was the first fiag raised in Arkansas in opposition to the Union. Mrs. Lee tells with enthusiasm how she and her friends cut up their fine and expensive silk gowns to make that banner. "All during the war Mrs. Lee kept lier home open to Confeder- ate soldiers, and it became a hospital from which no one was ever turned away. Mrs. Lee sewed for the soldiers, nursed them, and her splendid courage and tender ministrations did more than can be measured now in mere words; her husband, Dr. John C. Lee was a cousin of General Kobert E. Lee, and was surgeon general on the staff of General Thomas C. Hindman when the latter was in command of the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate army." — 47 — LADIES' MEMOKIAL ASSOCIATION, BOLIGEE, ALABAMA. The association known as the " Ladies Memorial Association " of Boligee, was first organized in 1870, with the offices of President, Secretary and Treasurer, Each year since, memorial day has been observed with a growing affection, and considered more and more a great privilege. Generally the ceremonies consisted of prayer, an oration by a Confederate veteran, or a Son of a Veteran, then a procession of young men and maidens and children, all clad in white, bearing flowers, which were placed on the graves of the Confederate dead, who lie in our cemetery. After the address, there is music and prayer, which concludes the exercises. On a large mound is a very pretty monument, which was unveiled in 1896, on which occasion Governor Oats made a l)cautiful address, setting forth the sacredness of sucli occasions, the pride, pleasure and obligation, that must and should attend us, ever, in memoriam of our noble dead. Tlie folowing ladies have served as Presidents, several of whom have died, but all were faithful, and discharged their duties with credit, as did their assistants: Mrs. J. McKee Gould served five years; Mrs. W. F. Shetford, four years; Miss Sallie Johnston, two 3'ears; Miss Lizzie Mayes, one 3'ear; Miss Adalinc McLenore, five years; Miss Mary E. Perry, two years; ]\Irs. J. A. ^lorchead, tliree years. To Miss McLenore belongs the credit of organizing and directing tlie earnest work that culminated in a monument to our illustrious dead, and we felt our loss when she moved from our midst. Our President, Mrs. J. A. ^Morehead is a most active and zealous worker. Since she has been in office, she has had iron crosses placed at each grave. The cemetery is put in order — 48 — r CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1896. Boligee, Alabama. each year — the Confederate graves having special care bestowed upon them. We contributed the sum of twenty-two dollars and fifty cents to the Home for Confederate Soldiers at Mountain View. The members one and all are devoted to the memories of that Cause so dear to every Southern woman, and while we are not in a position to contribute large sums of money — we give our mite, cheerfully, whenever it can aid those, who sacri- ficed their all in defense of home and friends, and while life lasts, we will ])e true to the memory of our Confederate Dead. Mrs. J. McKee Gould, Jr., Secretary. WILCOX MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, CAMDEN, ALABAMA. The Wilcox Memorial Association was organized in the Sixties. We erected a monument to the Confederate Dead at a cost of one thousand and sixty-four dollars ($1,064). It was the third one erected in this State. We have placed marble headstones over the graves of thirty-five (35) Confederate soldiers buried in our Cemetery. In May, 1902, we put a handsome steel and wire fence around our Monument lot, at a cost of two hundred and thirty dollars ($230.00). We intend to beautify the ground around the monument with flowers and shrubbery. We have contributed small sums of money to other associations that were trying to raise monuments to our fallen heroes. Some years ago we sent a large box of Confederate relics to the Confederate Museum at Richmond, Virginia. We also sent eighteen dollars ($18.00) to purchase a case to contain these relics. The decoration of the graves of Confederate soldiers in Camden was instituted by Mrs. Lucy Motheson nee Jones, Mrs. W. F. Spurlin, a few young ladies, and some school children. We had no orator for the occasion, no music, but silently placed the flowers on the graves. Since that date, however, the interest has continued to grow and Memorial Day is now universally observed by our citizens. Our first memo- rial address was made by General Richard Jones. Our Con- federate monument was unveiled on April 26, 1880. It is in the center of a large lot and is built on a mound covered with bermuda grass. There are three blocks of Alabama granite at the base. Resting on this is a square shaft of the same stone — 49 — surmoimted by a figure of a Confederate Soldier resting " Lt arms.'' On the center of the shaft is the Coat of Arms of the State of Alabama and below on a granite block the following inscription : IN MEMORY OF THE CONFEDERATE DEAD OF WILCOX COUNTY. 1861— 1865. On the North side : "They save tlieir lives for us; For the honor of Alabama, For the Rights of the States, And for the Principles of the Union, As they were handed down to us By the Fathers of our common country." " The measure of their death was the crowning glory of their lives." Jefferson Davis. On the South side of block is the inscription : " When marble wears away And monuments are dust, The songs that guard our soldiers' clay Will fulfill their trust." F.\THER RVAN. On the East side : ERECTED BY THE LADIES' MEMORIAL AND WILCOX MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. APRIL 26— A. D. 1880. At the unveiling of the monument the address was delivered by Major Charles L. Scott. Only two of the original officers are living, Miss Sallie Jones and myself. The officers elected to serve this year are: Mrs. W. F. Spurlin, President; Mrs. S. A. Moore, Vice President; Mrs. W. A. Dex- ter, Treasurer ; Mrs. W. J. Bonnu, Secretary. Mrs. W. F. Spdrlin, President. — 50 — LADIES' MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION. FLOKENCE, ALABAMA. During the Civil War there was- scarcely a time when some command of the opposing armies was not encamped at Florence or in the vicinity. And our good women, cultured and tenderly protected until the horrors of war confronted them, bravely faced the new conditions. They uncomplainingly bore the hardships of daily life, and at the same time cheerfully responded to all appeals for help from those less fortunate, while they nursed and fed the sick and wounded soldiers from our own and the enemy's camps, one of the residences of the town being tempo- rarily turned into a hospital. After the war, when this section was left desolate and poverty was the common inheritance, these noble women, many of them with broken hearts, still cherished the memory of the Southern cause as sacred, and honored those who gave their lives in defense of the principles of this beautiful Southland. Before the organ- ization of a memorial association these devoted women, under the leadership of Mrs. Cassity, tenderly cared for the graves of their heroes. In 1869 the Ladies' Memorial Association was formally organized with the following officers : President — Mrs. E. 0. Pickett. Vice-President — Mrs. H. W. Sample. Secretary and Treasurer — Miss Bertha Jones. Mrs. Pickett served two years, when in 1871 Mrs. Cutler Smith was elected President, with the re-election of the Vice-President, Mrs. H. W. Sample, and of the Secretary and Treasurer, Miss Bertha Jones. Mrs. Cutler Smith served eighteen years as President. During Mrs. Cutler Smith's term of office about fifty (50) graves of Confederate soldiers buried in our cemetery were marked, and the site selected in our town for a monument, suf- ficient money having been raised to start work and complete the base at this period. In 1889 the following officers were elected : President, Mrs. William C. Sherrod; Vice-President, Mrs. William M. Jackson; Secretary, Miss Jem Weakley; Treasurer, Mrs. William P. Campbell. In 1891 the following officers were elected: President, Miss Sallie Collier; Vice-President, Mrs. William M. Jackson; Sec- — 51 — retary, Miss Jem Weakley ; Treasurer, Mrs. Wiliam P. CampbelL This marks a critical period in the history of our association, as by this time Florence, lilv^ many north Alabama towns, had experienced a "boom" and all it implies — first, fictitious values, and then the reaction, business depression, etc., and in conse- quence the failure of the banks, which held the deposits of the Memorial Association. This money, nearly one thousand dollars, representing years of strenuous effort, was swept away just when the association felt its cherished hopes were to be realized. In 1893 Mrs. Cutler Smith was again elected President with a large corps of assistants. After our loss of money a period of discouragement set in and many were too disheartened to continue the work. But during all these years Memorial Day had been faithfully observed. Each soldier's gi-ave was decorated with flowers, and his deeds of valor told in eloquent words by tlic orator of the occasion. In 1896 the following officers were elected: President, Mrs. Jno. B.' Weakley, Jr.; Vice-President, :Mrs. M. W. Camper; Sec- retary, Miss Olive Eogers ; with the duties of Treasurer devolving upon the President. Under :Mrs. Weakley's administration re- newed and successful efforts were made to increase the amount in our treasury. In 1901 the following officers were elected: President, Mrs. M. W. Camper; Vice-President, Mrs. A. M. CNeal; Secretary, Miss Olive Rogers ; with the duties of Treasurer devolving upon the President. During the past year we determined to raise a sufficient sum to complete the monument and at last our efforts are crowTied with success. The monument stands upon the public square about thirty feet north of the courthouse corner. The shaft is an imposing one, and is a credit to the heroes of today, the men and women who have made it a fact, as well as to the heroes of the past. It consists of a shaft of stone rising to the height of nearly sixteen feet, and the statue surmounting the shaft is of white marble and was made in Carara, Italy. It rep- resents a soldier, a private, suggesting the return of peace. He has thrown his knapsack upon the ground, resting one foot upon it. His gun is lowered, held in position by his left hand, wliilo with his right he returns the bayonet — the war is over. His countenance is beautiful witli manly strength and noble resolve to face the future. Beneath the figure on the sides of tlie — 52 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled iqo3. Florence, Alabama. marble is carved, C. S. A. 1861-1865. Deo Vindice. The inscrip- tions on the shaft are "In memory of the Confederate Dead from Lauderdale County, Florence, Alabama. Unveiled with appro- priate ceremonies April 26th, 1903." "Glory stands beside our grief." "The manner of their death was the crowning glory of their lives." The programme for the unveiling began with a march of the different Confederate organizations from the Synod ical College to Court street. The procession was arranged in the following order: Col. A. M. O'Neal and staff, cornet band, Confederate Veterans, Wheeler Eifles, the cannon from Cuba, the Ladies' Memorial Association, the Florence Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, children of the public schools, Masonic and other lodges, city officials, citizens on foot and in carriages. Arriving at the Public Square the ceremony of unveiling was opened with prayer by Eev. A. P. Odom, a Confederate veteran. Col. J. D. Weeden, of Camp O'Neal, introduced the orator of the day, Dr. H. A. Moody, whose eloquent discourse touched the hearts of the vast asembly. At the close of Dr. Moody's ad- dress the monument was unveiled to the admiring gaze of the multitude by thirteen little girls and boys, all descendants of Confederate veterans. The children were dressed in white with red ribbons and each holding a red and white ribbon attached to the veil covering the statue. At a given signal the veil was drawn, and at the same time from four hundred school children, accompanied by the band, burst forth the song "Then I Wish I was in Dixie" and the rebel yell from the enthusiastic veterans was an inspiring accompaniment. The names of the children who took part on this grand and never-to-be-forgotten occasion are : Novia Chisolm, Cornelia Malone, Eubie Harrison, Dorothy Ewin, Arthur Kirby, Viva Eose, Simpson Johnson, Mary Ash- craft, Olivia O'Neal, Annie Eowell Hood, George Dudley, Henry M. Gilbert, Francis Walker. Before closing this brief history of our association, we must mention the faithful work and able assistance rendered by the Florence Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. It was with the co-operation and valuable contributions of this chapter that we were enabled to complete the monument. Mrs. M. W. Camper, President. — 53 CONFEDERATE LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION", GAINESVILLE, ALABAMA. During the Confederate war for Constitution and Southern Independence our community and the greater part of the State escaped the usual depredations committed by the enemy and tlie peaceful relations existing between master and servant were un- disturbed. We were ever on the alert, not knowing what might occur under the existing state of affairs, throughout our beloved Southland, Many sick and wounded soldiers were brought into our midst, reminding us most forcibly of the horrors of war and causing us to congratulate ourselves that we were far from the scene of active hostilities. Our sympathies were aroused and we determined to prove our loyalty and devotion to the Con- federate cause by doing all in our power to alleviate the suffer- ings of the sick and wounded Confederate soldiers. One of the most comfortable buildings in the city was turned into a com- modious hospital, where we cared for the sick and wounded brought here from the different battle fields and camps. Much interest .was manifested in this hospital work, and the love and devotion of our people found expression in many ways. From far and near wagons came rolling in loaded wuth supplies suit- able for the sick and wounded, but despite the tender care and gentle nursing, many died without ever again looking upon the sweet face of mother, wife, sister or sweetheart, after they had bade them farewell on leaving home for the seat of war. These brave defenders of our Southland, who had sacrificed all at their country's call, were buried in our cemetery until something more fitting could be done to immortalize their heroic deeds. When the war closed and we heard the last sound of the footsteps of our heroes as they passed through our streets on their weary march to desolated homes, we began to make plans for the proper care of the graves of those who were laid to rest in our cemetery. On the 26th of April, one year after the memorable surrender of Ix'e's incomparable army at Appomattox, a few i)a- triotic women devoted to the Southern cause and to the memory of the gallant men who had rallied to the defense of its prin- ciples, gathered at the several cemeteries, bringing with them garlands and evergreens to decorate the graves of those who had died in the hospital and homes of our citizens. Amid a deep silence, with hearts too sad to give expression to the sacred love which prompted their action, they met and decided that a moini- — 54 — villi *^ •'A y^. i^^^^ij^^^ -r: CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1876. Gainesville, Alabama. ment should be erected to the Confederate dead and that every effort should be made to accomplish this object at an early date. As a result of our labors a beautiful but modest shaft was un- veiled on Memorial Day, April 26, 1876. We date our Memorial Day from that first expression of love and remembrance. Since then we have observed Memorial Day in an impressive and ap- propriate manner and we endeavor to impress on the younger generation the importance of preserving an undying devotion to the memory of the Confederate soldiers who lie buried beneath the shadow of the monument erected to their memory. We bring before them for their consideration the love of truth as exempli- fied in the life and conduct of the young hero, Sam Davis, for whose memory they should cherish an exalted admiration. In 1900 we affiliated with the Confederated Southern Memorial As- sociation. We are in sympathy with all pertaining to the South and her great struggle for constitutional rights, but now we are proud of this great Union of States, this great world power made great by the land of the South — long may her banner wave. The roster of the Ladies' Memorial Asociation of Gainesville, from the date of organization up to the present date, is as follows : Mrs. D. H. Williams, President; Mrs. L. V. High, Vice-Presi- dent; Mrs. P. P. Snedecor, Treasurer; Miss Alice Eaton, Cor- responding Secretary; Miss Mary B. Jackson, Eecording Secre- tary ; Mrs. E. M. Kring, Mrs. S. M. Harwood, Mrs. M. F. Good- loe, Mrs. W. H. Bush, Mrs. T. H. Gordon, Mrs. Elias Wrenn, Mrs. George Hartsfield, Mrs. A. D. Hall, Miss Bettie Thompson, Miss Delia Masscy, Miss Mary Jackson, Mrs. (Dr.) Pearson, Mrs W. B. Harkness, Miss M. W. Snow, Mrs. Cornelius, Mrs. J. N! Dandridge, Mrs. J. A. Eogers, Mrs. Emma Allen, Mrs. S. T. Jones, Mrs. J. 0. Hemingway, Mrs. J. M. Fulton, Mrs. Eobert Hill, Mrs. E. Christian, Mrs. George Walker, Mrs. L. D. Godfrey, Mrs. W. H. Childe, Mrs. James Windham, Miss Alice Elliotte, Miss Lucy Dandridge, Mrs. Bessie Windham, Mrs. W. H. Fulton, Mrs. T. H. Long, Miss Cornelius, Miss Ella High, Mrs. M. A. Lanford, Mrs. Mary Stone, Mrs. Alice Lee, Mrs. W. K. Little, Mrs. Delia Elliotte. Mrs. D. H. Williams, President and Treasurer. — 55 — LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. An admirable suggestion, worthy of all praise, made by the Southern ^lemorial Association of Fayetteville, Arkansas, to unite in one body all Confederate Memorial Associations of Southern Women, found a patriotic echo in other Memorial Associations, and has brought us together into this Confedera- tion of Memorial Associations. Our first meeting, thus confederated, from all parts of the South, takes place to-day in this beautiful city of Memphis, Ten- nessee, where the wild flowers have sprung from the hearts of dead heroes, and the battle-fields have held many of our loved ones. We meet in response to the call of the first honored President of the Confederated Southern Memorial Asoeiation, ^Mrs. W. J. Behan, who represents not only her native oak-embowered Louisiana, coming from the historic City of New Orleans, but the gracious dignity and devoted patriotism of Southern women of the old regime. We meet not as new women clamoring for rights, but as repre- sentatives of our graceful mothers of whom poets sang, whose mission was "to love, to comfort and to bless." Hence it is meet that we assemble under the protectorate of the "United Confederate Veterans,'' the survivors of the grandest body of men who ever fought for principle, and died for home and native land, whose deeds have furnished history, song and story with material unparalleled by any romance that has ever thrilled the listening world. It is our proudest boast that we have been the wives, daughters and mothers of that incomparable band of martyred heroes, and we are now comrades of the gallant survivors, who, like our Southern Oaks, though crowned with grey, hold hearts of evergreen. A number of devoted women have held the office of Secretary and Treasurer, but Miss Jennie Crommelin, my immediate predecessor, having filled the longest term, has left a beautiful and faithful record from which I have gleaned much of this history, and it becomes my pleasing duty as Secretary and Treasurer of the Ladies' Memorial Association, which has no senior in the South, to briefly report what we have accomplislied. When the sacred form of The Southern Confederacy lay dis- — 56 — MRS. SOPHIE GILMER BIBB, President Woman's Hospital, 1861-1865, President Ladies':'Memorial Association, 1866-1J Montgomery, Alabama. armed by the sword, " outnumbered — not outdone/' slain on the doorstep of her home, shrouded in her color'', white as her fame, red as her heart, her sons lying wounded, dying, and dead at her feet, then arose the stricken women of the South, while the night of terror brooded o'er the land, and with loving hands lifted her dead, and hid them in her bosom. They had nursed her sick and wounded, but now the armies were surrendered; these angels of the hospitals sought for more to do for their suffering land, and 60,000 .graves cried out from the consecrated sod ! Before the close of the war, Mrs. (Judge) B. S. Bibb fre- quently talked of her plans for an association for the burial of Alabama soldiers upon the various battle-fields, and the erection of head-stones over the eight hundred buried in our Cemetery when the war was over. The Society for the Burial of the Dead w^as formed by Mrs. Bibb, who was President of the Woman's Hospital from 1861 to 1865, with the co-operation of other devoted women who had served so faithfully in the hospitals. The work had known no intermission, and it is difficult to define its exact heginning. In less than a month after the close of the war, Mrs. Bibb had begun soliciting contributions from the patriotic citizens of Montgomery, for the purpose of honoring our dead, and erecting head-stones over those buried in our Cemetery. A few articles of furniture in the Woman's Hospital, not removed by Federal authority, were sold for $8.00, and this was the first deposit in the little treasury. When sufficient funds had been collected to warrant it, w^hile the work had been in progress in 1865, yet the arrangements were not fully com- pleted until the 16th of April, 1866, when in response to a call from Mrs. Bibb, voicing the sentiment of her noble co-laborers, the meeting was held in the Methodist Episcopal Church, as stated in the records of proceedings dravni up by Eev. S. K. Cox, by request of Mrs. Bibb, who presided over the meeting, " to devise ways and means to have the remains of Alabama soldiers, now lying scattered over the various battle-fields of thie war. collected and deposited in public burial grounds, or where they may be saved from neglect." It was styled " The Ladies' Society for the Burial of Deceased Alabama Soldiers," but was soon after called, " The Ladies' Memorial Asociation." At the organization the following officers were elected : Mrs. (Judge) B. — 57 — S. Bibb, President; Mrs. (Judge) Jno D. Phelan, Vice President; Mrs. (Dr.) W. C. Baldwin, Secretary ; Mrs. E. C. liannon, Treas- urer. Executive Committee. Mrs. (Dr.) S. Kambo, Chairman. Mrs. John Elmore, ilrs. C. J. Ilausman, Mrs. W. Pollard, Mrs. Mount, Mrs. (Dr.) Wilson, Mrs. W. B. Bell, Mrs. W. J. Bibb, Mrs. James Ware, Mrs. Judge Bugbee, Mrs. Fort Hargrove. Gladly would every name be mentioned which has ever been entered on this roll, but time and space forbid. No women ever worked more loyally. Entertainments of various kinds, Bazaars, Operettas, were given, and original plays were pro- duced by this and kindred associations in the State, for there were geniuses and artists in this band of devotees. In our City Cemetery we have expended the following amounts : Head-stones for eight hundred soldiers . . . $5,600 00 Building M'onument and Chapel 3,000 00 We sent to Shiloh, Miss., for our soldiers. . 1,000 00 To Franklin, Tenn 800 00 To Fredericksburg, Va 600 00 Eichmond, Va 400 00 Norfolk, Va 450 00 Petersburg, Va 400 00 Jonesboro, Ga 100 00 Sum Total $12,350 00 Several hundred dollars have been spent in aiding soldiers' families left destitute by the fortunes of war, and in response to an appeal from Gen. J. B. Gordon to unite in building a mon- ument to President Davis, the Ladies' ^lemorial Association paid Capt. S. A. Cunningham, Nashville, Tenn., the agent for the Davis Monument Fund, whose patriotic labors have never been surpassed, the sum of $143.85, Also sent to Mrs Nannie Selden Barney, for placing head stones at Fredericksburg, Va., $60.00. WTiile these contributions so frequently lessened the store, the long cherished purpose to build the monument, which now crowns Capitol Hill, was never abandoned. Within five years — 58 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT. Unveiled i8g8. Montgomery, Alabama. the Ladies' Memorial Association, notwithstanding its generous disbursements, had gathered into its treasury $10,000.00 for this purpose. The corner stone of this monument, of which we are justly proud, was laid hy our honored Chieftain, who came at our call from his home at Beauvoir, to lay a sacred touch upon the work, and this was the proudest day in the life of President Davis, for no dethroned Monarch ever received such proofs of love, and the tender grace of that day will ever be a golden link in memory's chain. The treasury gradually increased, and to the $10,000.00 was added the gift of $6,766.00 by the Monumental Association, composed of Confederate Veterans organized for the same object, but who, recognizing memorial work as peculiarly fitting to woman, turned over this fund to our Association. The first subscription was $100.00 from Mrs. (Judge) B. S. Bibb, and her name was first on the list of honorary membership when the Monumental Association was incorporated. She did not live to witness the grand scene of the unveiling, but her last days were made glad hy the visit of her friend and honored President, and their parting on the day when the foundation stone was laid, proved to be their last, for on the 9th of Janutiry, 1887, she passed to the " Land of the Blessed." Her death was a great blow to the Association. Her daughter, Mrs. Martha Dandridge Bibb, was unanimously chosen to succeed her, which she accepted as a touching tribute to her mother's faithful work. Aside from her executive ability, her patriotism is intense, and this labor has been regarded by her, as it were, a sacred bequest.* In response to an appeal from Mrs. M. D. Bibb, the sum of ^o.OOO.OO was appropriated by the Legislature. How nobly these unfaltering heroines continued to work for the good cause is a part of State history, and the details make four volumes of records, from which has been condensed a brief "History of the Monument", written within the last year for the benefit of the monument we now propose to erect to Alabamians who fought and fell at Chickamauga. Again, in response to an appeal from the Ladies' Memorial As- sociation, the Legislature made an appropriation of $10,000.00 for the completion of the monument on Capitol Hill, and still ♦Editor's Note.— We present in this volume the picture of Mrs IMartha Dandridge Bibb, widow of Col J. B. Bibb, the daughter who succeeded her mother, "Aunt Sophie," as president of the Ladies" Memorial Association from 1886 to the present — 59 — another appropriation of $1,000.00 was made, which,, with the amount in hand, enabled us to complete it, and Jt was unveiled on the 7th of December, 1898, and is the glory cf Alabama — a commemoration of the heroism of her sons and her daughters. It is a magnificent monument, and was finished after more than thirty years' labor of love. There remained in the treasury about $500.00. We immedi- ately opened the books for the Chickamauga fund, subscribed $400.00, and are now slowly gathering funds for that purpose. We have again subscribed for the Jefferson Davis ^lonument Fund $25.00, which I will take great pleasure in delivering to Mrs. Randolph, chairman of the Davis Memorial Fund. The Memorial Association should always exist. Let its members be the guardian angels of the monuments we have erected, and ever direct the annual ceremonies in memory of our honored dead. Memorial Day is ours. The decoration of the graves of our soldiers and the monuments to the dead is the prerogative of Memorial Associations, and should be ours forever. Our Me- morial Association is nearly thirty-six years old The present officers are Mrs. Martha Dandridge Bibb, President; Mrs. C. J. Hausman, Vice President; Mrs. I. M. P. Ockenden, Secretary and Treasurer; the Executive Committee^ Mrs. Leon Wyman, Col. J. W. A. Sanford, Gov. Thos. G. Jones, F. Duncan, J. C. Lee, E. Ledyard, P. H. Gayle and G. R. Doran; Fi- nance Committee, Mesdames M. D. Bibb, C. J. Hausman, Alfred Bethea and I. M. P. Ockenden. It is worthy of record that no member of the Association has ever made a charge, or received any pecuniary compensation for services rendered. The Ladies' Memorial Association has had but two Presidents. The first, Mrs. (Judge) B. S. Bibb, served twenty-one years. The latter, Mrs. Martha Dandridge Bibb, is now completing fifteen years' service. It has had four Vice Presidents — Mrs. (Judge) John D. Phelan, who gave four sons to fight the battles of the " Southern Confederacy," and whose brief period of office, closed by death, was a willing and worthy tribute to the cause she so much loved and honored, and for which two of her gallant sons pacrificcd their lives; Mrs, John Elmore, who also gave noble sons to the service of the Confederacy (who still survive and il- lustrate their inherited patriotism, in peace as in war), was a -levoted member of the Woman's Hospital and Memorial Associ- — 60 — ation, whose faithfulness and gracious kindness is fondly cher- ished by her compatriots; Mrs. (Dr.) W. 0. Baldwin, whose active service from the beginning to the close of the war in the hospital, and later in the Memorial Association, was intensified by the death of her brave son in his young manhood on the breastworks at Franklin, Tenn. Mrs. C. J. Hausman, the present incumbent, whose generous and kind services in the hospital throughout the war, and in the Memorial Association, from its organization to the present time, render her a most valuable officer. I beg to mention Mrs. W. B. Bell, who, though not an officer was eminently f aitliful in her services during the war to the sick and wounded soldiers in the Woman's Hospital. She ministered to them daily so tenderly that they frequently called her "Mother Bell," and many of the veterans still speak of her and her companions with loving reverence. Her services were continued in the Memorial Association until she passed beyond the stars. There have been eight Secretaries, all worthy of honorable mention: Mrs. (Dr.) Baldwin, Eev. S. K. Cox, Ass't.; Mrs. Vir- ginia Hilliard, Miss Bettie Bell, M'iss Mamie Graham^ Mrs, Eosa Gardner and Miss Jeannie Crommelin, who preceded the present Secretary, and by whose accurate and graceful records she has been so much assisted. Time and space curb the pen. Sacred names and gentle shades throng upon me for recognition — five Treasurers, Mrs. E. C. Hannon, Mrs. William Ware, Mrs. Geo. Holmes and Miss Jeannie Crommelin, precede Mrs. I. M. P. Ockenden. It will be seen that woman's work began with the first act of Secession, the child of State Eights and Liberty, born in Massa- chusetts and cradled in Alabama. It is well worthy of record that the first sick soldiers ever brought to Montgomery were carried to two comfortable cottages gladly given by Mrs. (Dr.) Bellinger, on Bellinger Heights, who was widely noted for her sweet charities and patriotism, where she, with a number of Icyal gentlewomen, ministered unto them. Prominent among them was Mrs. (Judge) B. S. Bibb, whose tender ministrations won for her the affectionate appellation of "Aunt Sophie" wher- ever the story of the Confederacy was told. Her administrative talents, addpd to tlio firmness equalled only by her tend*^Tness, — 61 — made her a leader of these " Florence Nightingales." It was meet that she should become the President of the lirst organizatipn of the Woman's Hospital, which was only closed by the arbitra- ment of the sword, and of the Ladies' Memorial Association, its outgrowth. These offices sought her, and she honored them until death stilled her noble heart. Mrs. Martha Dandridge Bibb, the present President, is the widow of the gallant Col. J. B. Bibb, Twenty-third Alabama Eegiment, one of the bravest of the brave patriots of Alabama, who defended the Constitution and the right of secession with his own hlood, and was as eminent for zeal in defense of native land, as Mrs. Bibb is to-day untiring in every effort for the best interest of the Memorial Association, and the perpetuation of the holy memories to which our work is consecrated. She attributes her remarkable success to the influ- ence of her mother, who, "though dead, still speaketh" to the hearts of the Confederate soldiers, and thus greatly assisted her in obtaining those appropriations from the Legislature, with the co-operation of her associates, ^^-ithout whom, she modestly de- clares, she could do nothing. Next to the magnificent shaft de- livered to the State of Alabama, she is proudest of the Memorial Association. The roll of noble membership through many years, which sheds the pure white light of love on our records, is worthy of a beautiful volume, and reverent is the hand that would fain enshrine the 465 members. Alas ! Removal and death have taken many of these away, but their names are fondly cherished by those who remain to pay tribute to memory. Memorial Day shall haunt the sweet Southland, The line of bloom shall reach from shore to shore; From grave to grave is linked the mystic chain, That binds us heart to heart forever more ! Respectfully submitted, Mrs. I. M. P. OCKENDEN, Sec'y and Treasurer L. M. A., Montgomery, Ala. Approved — Mrs. !NL D. Bibb, President Ladies' Memorial Association. — 62 — WHITE HOUSE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. Organized Juy ist, 1900. Chartered Feb. Sth, 1901. Motto: "Lov- ing Duty to the Past, Present and Future." Flower — White Violets. Tlie object of this Association is to preserve as a Confederate Museum and Library the historic old home occupied by Mr. Davis and family in 1861 while in Montgomery, Ala., known to history as the First White House of the Confederacy. Also as a repository for valuable relics given the association by Mrs. Jefferson Davis. Officers — Queen Regent, Mrs. Jefferson Davis ; Regent, Mrs. J. D. Beale; First Vice-Regent, Mrs. Virginia Clay Clopton; Second Vice-Regent, Mrs. Belle Allen Ross; Recording Secre- tary, Mrs. Alfred Bethea; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Jno. W. A. Sanford; Treasurer, Mrs. Chappel Cory; Historian, Mrs. Jno. G. Finley. Directors — Mrs. Vance Elmore, Chairman; Mrs. Chappell Cory, Mrs. John Eberhardt, Mrs. B. H. Craig, Mrs. C. A. Lanier, Mrs. E. T. Ledyard, Mrs. C. J. Campbell, Mrs. Jessie Lamar, Mrs. R. P. Crigg, Mrs. J. W. A. Sanford. Trustees— Mrs. Alfred Bethea, Chairman ; Mrs. W. L. Durr, Mrs Wm. L. Chambers, Mrs. J. D. Beale, Mrs. John G. Finley, Mrs. Edward Trimble, Mrs. Albert Elmore. Committee. Collecting Relics. — Mrs. J. D. Beale, Chair- man; Mrs. Alfred Bethea, Mrs. Chappell Cory, Mrs. C. A. Lanier, Mrs. E. M. Trimble. Books for Library — Mrs. Edwin Gardner Weed, Chairman ; Mrs. W. L. Durr, Mrs. Clifford Lanier, Mrs. Mary Elmore Per- sons, Mrs. Chappell Cory, Mrs. Belle Allen Ross, Mrs. Thomas McAdory Owen, Mrs. Thomas H. Reynolds, Mrs. W. L. Cham- bers, Mrs. M. P. Watt, Mrs. Mortimer Tuttle, Mrs. B. J. Bald- win, Mrs. Geo. C. Ball, Mrs. Cornelia Branch Stone. Wood Committee — Mrs. C. J. Campbell, Chairman; Mrs. Ella H. Brock, Mrs. J. Warren Jones, Mrs. Bessie M. Judson, Mrs. George Stowers, Mrs. Geo. Raoul, Mrs. Edward Hastings, Mrs. Jno. Savage, Mrs. J. A. Reeves, Mrs. M. A. Jackson, Mrs. C. B. Ferrell, Mrs. Sylas Tyson, Mrs. L. G. Peacher, Miss Kath- erine Holt, Mrs. Ed Naftel, Mrs. Jessie Lamar, Mrs. Geo. Fol- — 63 — mar, Mrs. Geo. Simpson, Miss Mary Burke, Mrs. Jno. W. San- ford, Jr. Kaising Funds — Mrs. A. M. Allen, Chairman; Miss Norman Williams, Mrs. Mary C. Adams, Mrs M. A. Baldwin, Mrs. Benj. Craig, Mrs. Robert Grigg, Mrs Charles Annie Derby, Mrs. Vinee Elmore, Mrs Toombs Eberhart, Mrs. Robert Goldthwaite, Mrs. Luther Hill, Mrs. Fred Warren, Mrs. T. H. Mabson, Mrs. Allen Blewett, Mrs. C. J. Caruthers, Mrs. J. R. Johnston, Mrs Clarke Lanier, Mrs. Lawrence McLocklen, Mrs. Jack Phelan, Mrs. Henry Crommelin, Mrs. Paul Smith, Mrs. P. A. Travis, Mrs. Pitt Tyson, Mrs. Will Trimble, Mrs. W. H. Taylor, Mrs. Remus Persons. ]\Irs. Jno. Watts, Miss Mamie Bethea, Miss Sallie El- more, Miss Sallie Brown, Miss Annie Bell, Miss Fannie May Duskin, Miss Mary Hails, Miss Fannie Hails, Miss M. Kester- son, Miss Mamie Oirutt, Miss Lila Tompkins, Mrs. Thomas Arm- strong, Mrs. David B. Anderson, Mrs Cad. Beale, Mrs. Myrtle Campbell, Mrs. Jno. D. Carter, Mrs. Frank Duncan, Mrs. Albert Elmore, Mrs. Henry Chamberlain, Mrs. George Janney, Mrs. George Hails, Mrs. Lucy Beale, Mrs. W. B. Snodgrass, Mrs. C. J. Brooks, Mrs. Kate Collins, Mrs. Ann Elmore Hearn, Mrs. E. T. Ledyard, Mrs. Jno. West, Mrs. W. H. Micon, Mrs. E. M. Riley, Mrs. B. B. Merriwether, Mrs. H. C. Tompkins, Mrs. Pattie Tyson, Mrs. Albert Taylor, Mrs. L. Strauss, Mrs. Sidney J. Weil, Miss Caroline Beale, Miss Laura Elmore, ]\nss Effie Brown, Miss Bettie Bell, Miss Annie Peacher, Miss Pauline Persons, Miss Sallie Hails, Miss Lena Hausman, Miss Mary D. Merri- wether, Miss Mattie Tompkins, Miss Gabriella Watts. The membership list comprises names of men, women and cliildren not only of Slontgomcry and Alabama, but of the en- tire South. LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION", UNION SPRINGS, ALABAMA. The Ladies' Memorial Association of Union Springs, Ala- bama, was organized on April 13th, 1888, by a band of noble, devoted women — rnotliers, wives and daughters of those wlio fought for "the storm-cradled nation that fell." The first officers were: Mrs. T. :M. Waugli, President; Mrs. S. J. Foster, Vice- President: Mrs. C. li Cliapinan, Secretary; Mrs. S. T. Fra/.er, — Gl — MRS. J. D. BEALE, President White House Memorial Association, Montgomery, Alabama. Treasurer. Those who have filled the office of President in the Association are: Mrs. T. M. Waugh, Mrs. L. J. Gary, Miss Kate Coleman, Mrs. R. H. Hayes, Mrs. Mary F. Pittman and Mrs. V. P. Pickett, who now fills the chair with honor, ably assisted by Miss Addie Beaumont, First Vice-President; Mrs. A. L. Eumph, Second Vice-President; Mrs. B. T. Eley, Treas- urer; Miss Delia Chappell, Recording Secretary; Mrs. M. P. Pittman, Corresponding Secretary. Much efi^ective work has been done by this Association. At present the work is marking the graves of Confederate soldiers in this city. Prior to this it was caring for disabled veterans, furnishing a room at the Soldiers' Home at Mountain Creek, etc. However the most eloquent testimonial of their united efforts is the marble shaft surmounted by a private soldier, a tribute to the glorious valor of Southern manhood. This monu- ment was unveiled on March 29th, 1895. Following is a list of names of the ladies who are or ever have been members of this Association : Mrs. M. A. Branch, Mrs. A. M. Bledsoe, Miss Addie Beaumont, Mrs. I. F. Culver, Mrs. P. L. Cowan, Mrs. M. J. Cowan, Mrs. L. J. Cary, Mrs. A. T. Craven, Miss Kate Coleman, Mrs. E. H. Cope, Mrs. Alex Curry, Mrs. C Carlisle, Miss Amoret Dawson, Mrs. E. C. Dawson, Mrs. B. T. Eley, Mrs. J. H. Eley, Miss Laura Ellis, Mrs. S. T. Frazer, Mrs. S. J. Foster, Mrs. Hugh Foster, Mrs. M. E. Fitzpatrick, Mrs. W. M. Fuller, Mrs. R. H. Grady, Mrs. R. E. L. Cope, Mrs. R L. Hobdy, Miss Annie Hobdy, Mrs. Henry Harris, Mrs. R. H. Hayes, Mrs. L. W. Jinks, Mrs. C. L. Jinks, Mrs. Lee, Mrs. F. M. Moseley, Mrs. Fannie Hayes, Mrs. James McAndrew, Mrs. J. G. McAndrew, Mrs. W. A. McAndrew, Mrs. A. H. Pickett, Mrs. D. J. Paulk, Mrs. Mary F. Pittman, Mrs. E. Troup Randle, Miss Annie Randle, Mrs. H. C. Rosenstihl, Mrs. Wm. Rosenstihl, Mrs. A. L. Rumph, Mrs. W. W. Rainer, Mrs. S. P. Rainer, Mrs. J. H. Rainer, Sr., Mrs. J. L. Roberts, Mrs. Stakely, Mrs. A. E. Singleton, Miss Sallie Smith, Mrs. J. Thompson, Mrs. Thomas, Mrs. Wm. Thornton, Mrs. W. C. Wilson, Mrs. T. Wolfenden, Miss Delia Chappell, Mrs. Jesse Roberson, ]\Irs. Emma Mo- Gowan, Mrs. G. A. Ritch, Mrs. N". H. Frazer. SOUTHERN MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS. The organization of the Southern Memorial Association of Fayetteville, Arkansas, was not of so early a date as some of her sister organizations. Our country was devastated ; our homes in ashes, our farms were waste places. The lire must needs be re- kindled upon the hearthstone; our children housed and fed, hus- bands and sons who had come liome in the gloom of defeat needed the encouragement and help of willing hands. With those de- mands upon us it was six long years of care and toil before we found time for organized work, and opportunity to begin " gather- ing our sacred dead." Although not organized, we, from the beginning of the war to the end, ministered with our strength and our store to the needs of the sick, the wounded and the dying. June 10, 1872, we organized the Southern Memorial Associa- tion. Thirty-eight courageous women pledged themselves to the work. The membership now is seventy-five. The name mani- fests clearly the purpose of the organization. When the object and plan of our work was understood, a few brave women in and about Boonsboro, a neighboring town, formed a like association and became auxiliary to ours. Truly they were a very help in time of need although they worked as an association for but a short time. The first effort was to secure ground for a cemetery. Three acres of land well located, was purchased. Our dead were laid to rest upon a beautiful green sun-kissed spot, where it is flooded witli the first roseate ray? of the morning and made l)oautifnl at eventide by the last lingering beam? of the setting sun, threading with golden light the deepening shadows. We worked with our might, bringing in the mouldering bones of soldiers, and clearing and beautifying the grounds. At the end of the first year our cemetery was enclosed by a wooden fence, — 66 — MRS. J. D. WALKER. Vice-President for Arlonsas, Confederated Southern Memorial Association, Fayetteviile, Arkansas. the grounds in fairly good condition, and had interred about five hundred bodies, with no debts overhanging. Tliis was herculean work for one year, considering the financial condition of the country. On the 10th of June, 1873, the first anniversary of our organi- zation, we dedicated with befitting ceremonies, amid tears and rejoicing, the " Confederate Cemetery of Fayetteville, Arkansas," to the memory of the soldiers buried there. The work of collecting the bodies of the soldiers went on in the years that followed, until every wayside grave had given up its treasure. The search for the scattered graves extended into three adjoining counties. There were only two battlefields of note within our reach. Pea Eidge and Prairie Grove, yet every foot of soil in this part of Arkansas was marked by contest and red with the blood of valor. The soldiers whose bodies the fortunes of war left to our care were from ]\Iissouri, Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. Our cemetery is octagon in shape and divided into eight tri- angular sections, with the apex of each section resting at the base of the monument. Four of these sections are for graves, alternating with four for trees and ornamental shrubbery, one grave section devoted separately to Missouri, one to Texas, one to Louisiana and one to Arkansas. Officers and men we have laid side by side " 'neath green tents v*^hose curtains never outward swing." Neither chevron, nor epaulet will mark rank at the next great muster call. The rank and file poured out as rich red blood as those whose commands they obeyed. In our cemetery rests the remains of Gen. W. Y. Slack, of Missouri, than whom no braver man drew sword in the awful conflict, side by side with nearly nine hundred brave men " awaiting the judgment day." Besides the victims of the war, we have buried six other Confederate soldiers, citizens of our town and country, who dying, made request for a place for their last long sleep beside their comrades in grey, and where their graves would be watched over by the women of the Southern Memorial Association. In 1885, we undertook the erection of a substantial stone wall around our cemetery. This was a serious undertaking, with a depleted treasury, and all our means of earning worn thread- bare, but we finally decided to ask our old soldiers who had stood by us so faith fuUv to help us in this by one dollar contributions. — (57 — Their reaily and liberal response enabled lis soon to see our cemetery handsomely enclosed for all time. As pro2)erty owners and a body making contracts, it became necessary that we have a legal existence, and we became duly incorporated under the law. With all this more necessary work accomplished, the Associa- tion felt at liberty to give its energy to the erection of a monu- ment. This was a long cherished dream, the ultimate end around which the dearest hopes of the Association twined. With this fixed end in view the Southern Memorial Association took on new life, many new members were added to it; its strength was greatly augmented by two auxilliary associations being formed, one at Springdale and one at Prairie Grove, near-by towns, for the one purpose of aiding in the erection of a monument. It was not long until our united efforts were rewarded. The end was compassed. Tlie money raised. The contract let for a monument. On ^lay 1st, 1897, the corner-stone was laid in the presence of an enthusiastic multitude. The 10th of June, 1897, the Southern Memorial Association unveiled to the gaze of a multitude M-hose number ha.s not been equalled in the history of our country, the monument, a l)eautiful granite shaft, surmounted by a bronze statue of a private soldier. Near the base on each of the four sides is carved the name of the State whose grave section it fi'onts. The inscriptiton is simple, but rich with tlie truth which it embodies. It is a portion of the beautiful inscription on the Confederate monument at Charleston, South Carolina, and is as follows: These were men " Whom power could not corrupt, Whom death could not terrify, Whom defeat could not dishonor." It was a glad hour of triumph when that monument was started down tlie vista of years, bearing its tribute to the Confederate soldier whose valor and heroism defeat has not obscured. These monuments we build will speak their message to unborn genera- tions. These voiceless marbles in their majesty will stand as vindicators of the Confederate soldier. They will lift from these brave men the opprobrium of rebel, and stand them in the line of patriots. Thi^ is not alone a labor of love, it is a work of duly as well. We are correcting history. These tributes we pay — 68 — #■•—•• CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1S97. Fayetteville Arkansas. are not salves to disappointed hopes ; not outbursts of enthusiasm, but enthusiasm grown to purpose and to principle. Each year since the organization of the Southern Memorial Association has been marked by a memorial service in the cemetery. Flowers have been strewn upon the graves, and chaplets fragrant with sweet and living memories woven about them. Among the minor works of our association one that sugg^ts itself as worthy of mention in this record, is the setting apart a day for planting trees in our cemetery. We advertised the day thoroughly, offering to persons (men and women) who had friends among the officers and soldiers of the lost cause to whose memory they wished to pay tribute, the privilege of planting & tree dedicated to the hero whom they wished to honor ; it mattered not where he fell. The trees are marked enduringly by tablets. Many availed themselves of this offer. Every tree in our cemetery stands as a loving tribute to some hero. It is a beautiful thought that when our work is finished and the summons comes to us that we must leave this work to other hands and " go over and rest under the shade of the trees on the other side/' that these trees, this forest of love, will still stand, stretching forth their kindly branches, protecting the graves of our soldiers alike from burn- ing sun and pelting storm, and that the sighing wind will whisper from leaf to leaf sweet and tender memories of our heroes. It might also be of interest, that beside the regular roll of our Association we have what we call an auxiliary membership. This is made up of friends throughout the country who though inter- ested in the work we are doing, and wanting to aid in it, are not so situated as to have regular membership. These members pay annually into our treasury a stipulated amount, which added to dues of regular members creates a sufficient fund to meet the regular necessary outlay of the Association. We have regarded it a duty and pleasure as well to respond to every call made upon us in the line of Confederate Memorial work. Among the calls to which we have responded, I recall a donation to the Battle Abbey at Eichmond and a contribution to the fund for the erection of the Winnie Davis monument. We have aided and will continue to aid in raising funds for the Jefferson Davis monument. To aid in the erection of this monument should be considered a privilege by every Southern man or woman. In building it we build a monument to the ~ 69 — cause of which lie was the living manifestation — and to which he was a martyr. We have ever delighted to honor the living, as well as the dead heroes of the Confederacy — the presentation of a handsome silk Battle Flag to Pat Cleburne Camp U. C. V, being one of the latest evidences of our appreciation and esteem. We take great pride in the fact that the Confederation of Memorial Associations which is such a source of strength and mutual encouragement to the women of the South in theii: memorial work, emanated from this Fayetteville I^Iemorial Asso- ciation. The idea had birth in the mind of Miss Julia A. Gar- side, one of our most useful mem1)crs. Pushing the Confederation to its organization was the work of Mrs. J. D. Walker and Miss Sue H. Walker, both of whom are pillars of strength in our local organization. This is in substance the work that has been done. Many items have been omitted. Much of it has but a local interest, but it is the history of the Fayetteville Association. How this work has been done is a tale that can never be told. The days of work and waiting; the hours of hope against fear; the careful hoarding; the anxious counting; the friendships that have been closer knit in these trying, yet sweet associations, can never all be formulated. These are pictures that tongue nor pen can paint — minor notes that can not be gathered into song, Lizzie Pollard, President. — 70 — ■ ' ■ 1 1 1 A ^a^itt^B" ■% wM jyRp 1 ^ W^- 1 W ***'- ,» ^ l^V ^,i«««iih*.,_ jm W • ■■.>. **. "" 1 :; ■ w '^ ». iMI 1 LS L MRS. LIZZIE POLLARD, President Soutliern Memorial Association,. Fayetteville, Arkansas. CONFEDEEATE MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, PENSACOLA, FLOEIDA. General, and afterwards Governor E. A. Perry, was the first to call the attention of his comrades in arms and fellow-citizens to the fact that Escambia County was one of the few Counties of the State which had not erected some memorial to its " un- crowned heroes " in the civil war. In an appeal published in June, 1881, and republished April 22nd, 1890, by the late Senator Chipley, General Perry also emphasized the further fact, " that Florida alone of all the States had neglected to raise a monument to those who, in obedience to her mandate, gave up their lives in the late war." In response to their appeal about $3,005.00 were raised for a memorial, which was designed to be located in Tallahassee, and to be the State's testimonial of remembrance to her dead -soldiers. The time covered in raising this sum was nine years. The death of General Perry seemed to bring the movement to a standstill, until April 22nd, 1890, Colonel Chipley published a very admirable and important letter, with Gov. Perry's appeal appended. The letter began : " It is well known that the fund in the hands of Mrs. Perry was received entirely through the efforts of our lamented Governor and his patriotic wife ; " the closing paragraphs of this same letter are as follows : " While the monument will be to ' our dead ' I would suggest that the ladies be directed to provide a special slab to the memory of General Perry. What do you say, comrades ? Please write me ' yes ' or "'no.' His labor made the monument possible, and I will add his appeal made in June, 1881." The contents of this letter are (1) Mrs. Perry's desire to be relieved of the care of the fund, (2) the fact that all of the fund, save $87.00, had been sub- scribed in Escambia County, (3) the suggestion that Mrs. Perry be asked, " not to relinquish the fund, but to associate with — 71 — herself, if she desires them to assist in the labor, four other ladies, whom she may select, and that they be requested ta secure plans for a granite pile, more enduring than marble, of a final cost of not exceeding $7,500.00, that the work be com- menced at once in the center of R. E. Lee Square, in front of Public School N'o, 1, when coming generations will learn, with their daily lessons, to honor our beloved dead. The completion of the monument will be a charge upon the survivors and the ladies." Here, then, were living and feasible suggestions, from a brave Confederate soldier, who believed that the only way to do things was to do them. Colonel Chipley's innate generosity and fairness ascribed the "possibility " of the monument to Gen. Perry, yet, beyond all question, he made the Governor's possibility a memo- rable and lasting reality. The shaft in Lee Square can never be less of a monument to Senator Chipley's constant endeavor and patriotism than to those whose names are written thereon, and that larger nameless group, whose only record is the blood- stained sands of this our once Confederate Southland. Honor to whom honor is due, while no cavilling tongue, in view of this brief history, can fail to accord to W. D. Chipley that meed of praise which was his legitimate due when livings and is now his more than right, as he sleeps in his native Georgia with immortal comrades and long-loved ancestors. This letter was the virtual beginning of the association, whose definite trans- actions we now proceed to detail. A meeting of ladies was held on the 15th of August, 1890, at which " The Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association " was formed. At this meeting the following directors were elected: Mrs. A. S. Mallory, Mrs. Geo. Reese, Mrs. W. L. Wittich, Mrs. W. D. Chipley, Mrs. Le^7^, Miss Mary Brent, Miss Mary Turner, Miss Annie Maura, Miss Mollie Tippin, Mrs. Jno. McGuire) Mrs. Laura Tliornton, Mrs. ^Y. PL Knowles, Mrs. I. H. Reynolds, Mrs. W. H. Ross, ^Miss Laura Wright, Miss S. Simpson, Miss Sallie Bear, Miss Lucille Mitchell. From these directors, ,the following officers were elected : President, Mrs. A, S. Mallory; Vice-President, Mrs. W. D. Chip- ley; Secretary, Mrs. Annie McGuire; Treasurer, Mrs. Laura Thornton. Upon ihe death of ]\[rs. Mallory, ^Irs. Chipley became Presi- — 72 — W. D. CHIPLEY, Organizer of Memorial Association, Pensacola, Florida. dent, and Miss Mattie Eoss succeeded Mrs. McGuire as Secre- tary, upon the latter's resignation. After advertising for bids, the Association, at an adjourned meeting, held November 5th, 1890, closed the contract with J. F. Manning, of Washington City, for a monument of Eichmond, Virginia, granite. The structure to be a little under 50 feet high, surmounted by a soldier 8 feet 6 inches high. The site selected was the center of E. E. Lee Square, as suggested by Colonel Chipley. The shaft of the monument rests upon a truncated pi-yamid, whose four faces are respectively inscribed in memory of Jef- ferson Davis, Steplien E. Mallory, the Confederate Dead and E. A. Perry. The inscriptions are: "A. D. 1861 A. D. 1865. THE UNCROWNED HEROES OF THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY WHOSE JOY IT WAS TO SUFFER AND DIE FOR A CAUSE THEY BELIEVED TO BE JUST. THEIR UNCHALLENGED DEVOTION AND MATCHLESS HEROISM SHALL CONTINUE TO BE THE WONDER AND INSPIRATION OF THE AGES." This inscription will tell the story to unborn generations. It will be inscribed on the south face of the die base of the monu- ment, on the lower base of which will be the words, in large raised letters: "OUR CONFEDERATE DEAD. JEFFERSON DAVIS PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. SOLDIER, STATESMAN, PATRIOT, CHRISTIAN. THE ONLY MAN IN OUR NATION WITHOUT A COUNTRY, YET TWENTY MILLION PEOPLE MOURN HIS DEATH." "EDWARD AYLESWORTH PERRY CAPTAIN OF THE PENSACOLA RIFLES, COLONEL OF THE SECOND FLORIDA REGIMENT, GENERAL OF THE FLORIDA BRIGADE IN THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA." " Among the first to volunteer in defense of his adopted State, faithful in every position to wliich his merit advanced him, his life and deeds constitute his best monument." — 73 — STEPHEN R. MALLORY SECRETARY OF THE NAVY OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. "'tis not in mortals to command success; but we'll do more, SEMPRONIUS, we'll DESERVE IT." This we may remark, in passing, was the first monument •wholly or in part erected to the memory of the Confederate President. " The statue on the monument is the reproduction of the bronze figure erected at Alexandria, Virginia, which was modelled from the painting belonging to the State of Virginia, and hung in the Capitol at Eichmond, that represents a Confederate Soldier of 1865. It is regarded as the finest representation ever made." On the 17th of June, 1891, the completed monument was dedicated with appropriate and elaborate ceremonies. Camp Ward of Confederate Veterans has rendered efficient help in every effort of the Association. To these veterans the monument ever tells the story of their own patriotism, and vividly recalls scenes of blood and battle, of victory and defeat. A generation has come to the front since Appomattox unfolded its pall of gloom, and yet to-day tender hands and loving hearts are decking in reminiscent, fadeless beauty the heroic devotion of their beloved heroes, sleeping in the bivouac of the Southern dead, the victors in defeat from '61 to '65, Woman's hand and heart and deathless love have reared this object lesson in stone for their children, who, when they them- selves shall sleep beside their sainted heroes, shall " Arise up and call them blessed." The orators on ilemorial Day for the several years have been : At the laying of the Corner Stone in April, 1891, Gov. F. P. Fleming was the orator. 1891, at the unveiling, R. W. Davis; 1892, Hunt Chipley, Col. Chipley's son; 1893, Jno. S. Beard; 1894, C. H. Laney; 1895, Jno. D. Little, of Columbus, Ga. ; 1896, Judge A. C. Blount; 1897, Judge Blount read Col. Chip- ley's paper on the origin of Decoration Day; 1898, C. B. Park- hill ; 1899, Judge B. F. Liddon; 1900, Gen. E. M. Law; 1901, Jno. W. A. Sanford, of !^^ontgome^y, Alabama. — 74 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1891. Pensacola, Florida. LADIES' MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION", QUINCY, FLOEIDA. "When the Southern States seceded from the United States- of America, Florida was among the number. In April, 1861,, the Southern Confederacy with its Capital City in Montgomery,, Ala., called for troops. A company of the most representative yoimg men organized what was called the Young Guards of Quincy, Fla. The first week in May, 1861, a meeting was called by the ladies of Quincy, Florida, to organize an association for the aid of the soldiers who were enlisting in the Confederate Army. On Tuesday morning at ten o'clock the meeting was called to order at the home of Judge Pleasant Woodson "White* Mrs. P. "W. "White was elected President; Mrs. Arthur Forman, First "Vice President; Mrs. Anderson Harris, Second Vice President; Mrs. Ezra Ballon, Third Vice President; Miss Mary McNeil, Secre- tary and Treasurer. Goods were purchased, work begun. " The Ladies' Aid So- ciety " then received its name. Eegular meetings were held every Tuesday morning and called meetings whenever necessary. The last week in May, 1861, a box was forwarded to the Young Guards at Pensacola, Florida, at which point the First Eegiment of Florida Volunteers was then stationed. During the summer of 1861 two other Companies were organized, Company C. 6th Florida Eegiment in June, Captain James Evans, 1st Lieut.; "Wm. B. Malone, 2nd. Lieut., Dr. "Wm. Booth Forman. The Ladies' Aid Society worked indefatigably, cutting gar- ments, rolling bandages, and superintending weaving cloth for garments on the plantation, knitting socks — the latter by moon- light, when an urgent call was made for them, as lights were very scarce. In November, 1863, Gen. Howell Cobb was ordered to Southern Georgia and Florida, making his Headquarters in Quincy, Gadsden County, Florida. Major John Cobb, Major Thomas, Captain Pope, Captain Howell Cobb, Colonel James Barrow and others composed General Cobb's staff About this time Col. Holland's Florida Brigade was ordered east, passing through Quincy, many ill with fever and in a starving condition. The ladies rushed to the afd of these poor suffering soldiers. The Court House, Quincy High School, the — 75 — Episcopal Church, and Academy, a very large building, were hastily prepared as hospitals. Even then these were inadequate and other houses were used for their comfort. Day and night these noble women toiled to care for tlieir brave defenders. A cemetery lot had been selected early in the commencement of the war, and the muflled drum and the firing of platoons over the graves, Avere heard daily. Flowers and dainties of the ])cst that could be had were served to the poor sufferers by the ladies themselves, who deemed it a Ijlensed privilege to soothe as much as possible the hardships of the he- roes of this terrible war. Decorating the soldiers' graves annually commenced so far 'back in Quincy that its origin has no fixed date. Then came the Battle of Olustee, or Ocean Pond, Feb- *^ ruary 20tih, I860, near Jacksonville, Florida, and again were the soldiers wounded or dead brought to Quincy to be cared for. Col. James Barrow was shot through the heart, his remains were taken to Headquarters in Quincy, and lay in state before being taken to his home in Georgia. Next came the Battle of Natural Bridge, near New Port, thirty miles from Tallahassee. The home guards of old men were called out, and engaged in battle and the remaining inhabitants could distinctly hear the booming of the cannon March 6th, 1865. The enemy met with stubborn resistance, were defeated, put to flight, and retreated in disorder to their fleet, which was anchored in or near the " Spanish Hole" below St. Marks. By this time Gen. Lee surrendered, April 9th, I860, and what was left of the old South gathered herself together with the remnant that was left of loved ones, and shattered fortunes. The Ladies' Aid Society went regu- larly annually to the Soldiers' Cemetery, east of the town of Quincy, kept a strict guard over these graves. Dr. Charles A. Hentz and Capt. C. E. L. Allison, who had lost his right arm in the battle of Chickamauga, September 19-20, 1863, found the names of all the soldiers who were buried in the Soldiers' Ceme- tery on the records of the court house of Quincy, and the ladies had wooden marking stones placed over their graves. In 1868 !Mrs. Pleasant Woodson White, who had done so much noble and self-sacrificing work with the help of her many friends, declined nomination for re-election. Mrs. R. H. M. Davidson was elected President, ^^Irs. Elisha P. Dismukes, First Vice President; Mts. John Lawrence, Second Vice President; Mrs. Broome, Third — 76 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1884. Quincy, Florida. Yice President. Mrs. Arthur Forman (Mary Ann Booth), the First Vice-President of the Ladies' Aid Association from its be- ginning, whose work for the noble caiise knew no bounds, and whose only son was seriously wounded at Chickamauga, read a letter in the Columbus (Ga.) Times, written in 1866 by Mrs. Charles L. Williams, and was so pleased with the beauty and appropriateness of it that she read it to the Ladies' Aid Society, and urged that the 2Gth of April be enshrined in the hearts of the Ladies' Aid Society, and that hereafter this day be set apart as Memorial Day, as the flowers were then plentiful and in full bloom. The 26th of April was then adopted, and has been since recognized as Memorial Day. Extract from a letter written to Mrs. Elisha P Dismukes by Mrs. James G. Gibbes, respecting The Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association. " I was elected President in 1870, al- though the day was regularly observed under the auspices of the Ladies' Aid Society by the entire community who always took part from the burial of the first soldiers, until a permanent reorganization was effected about the 1st of April (as the annual election for officers then took place), I am of the same opinion as yourself that we begun early in the war, and the patriotic influences never waned. Captain Charles B. L. Allison was al- ways interested and one of the foremost in every work and cele- hration." EXTEACTS FROM RECORDS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION FOR QUINCY^ GADSDEN COUNTY^ FLORIDA^ AS REPORTED BY MISS REBECCA WHITE, RECORDING SECRETARY. " In the absence of the President, Mrs. James G. Gibbes, the meeting was called to order by Mrs. Elisha P. Dis- mukes, First Vice-President. The first business being the election of officers, Mrs. E. P. Dismukes was nominated, and unanimously elected President of the Association. Mrs. John Lawrence, Mrs. James Broome, Mrs. A. L. Wilson, Miss Eva Mitchell, were elected Vice-Presidents. Mrs. Gibbes has moved to Columbus, S. C. Miss Ermin Malone was elected Corresponding Secretary of the Association, Miss Eebecca White was re-elected Eecording Secretary, Mrs. E. G. Harris was elected Treasurer. The following committee was appointed to see that the grounds of the soldiers' cemetery were in order before the 26th of April: Mrs. Mitchell, Mrs. Keep, — 77 — Mrs. Lawrence, Miss Lillie Woodruff, Miss Mattie Burghard" and Miss Minnie White. xVfter a brief discussion as to the clioice of days between Saturday the 25th and Sunday 26th,. for tlic observing of Memorial Day, it was decided that for many reasons Saturday the 25th, would be best, so on voting- that day was chosen. Mrs. Bridges, Mrs. Sibley, Miss Rebecca White were appointed a committee to call upon i\Ir. Broome and request for the Ladies of the ^lemorial Association, that he secure an orator for Me- morial Day. The members of the Association are cordially invited to meet at the residence of Judge P. W. White at 5 p. m., 17th April, to arrange a program, etc., for the 25th. The Presi- dent earnestly hopes that the ladies will all respond and attend the meeting. After an informal discussion regarding needed repairs and the best method of meeting expenses of said repairs, and the buying of small marble or granite slabs to mark each grave, it was thought best to continue the discussion at the next meeting. There being no further business, the meeting was ad- journed to meet in two weeks at the home of Judge White." When Mrs. James G. Gibbes moved to Columbus about 1889, ]\rrs. Elisha P. Dismukes was elected to the Presidency. Mrs. Dismukes left Quincy in 1892 for Columbus, Georgia, where she- has since resided and Mrs. John Lawrence was then elected President of the Memorial Association, and remained so until 1900 when she resigned and Mrs. Frank May was made Presi- dent. Miss Rebecca White has been Recording Secretary for years. The Memorial Association is a distinct body from the Daugh- ters of the Confederacy. Members of the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association as organized from the Ladies Aid Society in April 1868, to the present time: Mesdames Arthur Forman, Telfair, Sarah Mc- Neil, Harrison, Judge Dupont, Wm. Stockton, P. W. White, Samuel Stephen, Ballou, Dr. Fayette Henr)^, I. R. Harris, An- derson Harris, R. H. M. Davidson, James G. Gibbes, A. K. Allison, Wm. Munroe, S. Lunday, T. Givens, Hamilton Wright, John Jordan, Henry Love, E. P. Dismukes, Chas. DuPont, John Malone, W. B. Malone, J. J. R. Love, X. P. Quarterman, E. C. Love, Henry Curtis, F. Sharon, John Lawrence, Geo. Zeigler, John L. Dismukes, Geo. Dismukes, W. W. Wilson, John Howard, Owens, A. L. Wilson, F. P. May, James Broome, R. G. Harris,. — 78 — GEN. E. A. PERRY, Pensacola, Florida. Edward Jordan, J. E. Davidson, Geo. Mimroe, C. S, Curtis, James Harris and J. L. McFarlin ; Misses Annie Malone, Ermine Malone, Eebecca White, Minnie White, Fannie Stephens and F. F. Malone. Mrs. Gibbes, one of the most active members of the Ladies' Memorial Association with the ladies of the society, by indom- itable labor and perseverance, entertainments, private subscrip- tions, etc., raised money sufficient to erect a very beautiful monument which is in the court house square in the town of Quincy. When Mrs. Gibbes moved to Columbia, South Caro- lina, Mrs. Elisha P. Dismukes was elected President. Mrs. John Lawrence succeeded Mrs. E. P. Dismukes, and proved a most active and efficient President for she imdertook and completed the putting up of a neat fence around the soldiers cemetery, cost- ing over $1,200.00. The Ladies' Memorial Association of Quincy, Florida, is en- gaged also in historical work, and is striving to secure the name of every soldier who enlisted in the Confederate Army from that city. By persistent and repeated efforts they have succeeded in procuring the following roster of Company G, Young Guards, C. S. A. This command was in Pensacola during the first year of the war: Muster Eoll of the " Young Guards/' Eeorganized. From Quimy Semi-WeeMij Dispatch of May 26, 1862. This Company, Capt. E. A. Waller, has filled up its ranks to all the law allows — 125 men. Several applications to Join it, we are informed, have been necessarily refused, because full. Below we publish a full roll of its members. We can not help remarking the manly and genteel appearance of the Com- pany. We look to it with pride: Company G. Young Guards, left Quincy on April 4, 1861; John H. Gee, Captain; W. M. Davidson, 1st Lieutenant; W. W. Wilson, 2nd Lieutenant; A. W. Wilson, 3rd Lieutenant; E. C. Booth, Surgeon. Orderly Sergeant, L. E. Westcott; Second Sergeant, W. N. Mitchell; 3rd Sergeant, E. P. Dismukes; 4th Sergeant, J. W. Malone. A. D. Love, 1st Corporal; J. J. E. Love, 2nd Corporal ; C. D. Towers, 3rd Corporal ; N. H. Zeigler, 4th Corporal. G. W. Austin, J. P. Bracewell, Hector Bruce, — 79 — S. K. Ceasseaux, Jac'n. Dearborn, C. W. DuPont, Xixon El- liott, C. C. Grimn, John Hollonian, A. B. Love, T. R. Love, Wm. McElv}', Philip Macray, B. H. Munroe, A. M. Nathans, E. M. Owens, D. A. Shaw, Gabriel Smith, T. Y. Smith, J. J. Subers, T. P. Thomas, W. H. Wade, G. B. Zeigler, Wesley Black, W. J. Brown, John Burghard, W. G. Oook, Jesse Dixon, J. H. DuPont, P. C. Gee, S. H. Harris, Henni Keoppen, Henry Love, Chalmers McCaJl, A. N. Mclver, Colin McPherson, C. H. Muse, B. Newton, R. H. Randolph, R. G. Shaw, T. F. Smith, W. T. Stockton, Jr., Jas. Sylvester, Artemas Tooten, J. C. West. Mieutenant Colonel W. J. Stock- ton, of the Sixth Florida Eegiment, were wounded at Dallas, Georgia, May 28th, 1864. Colonel Daniel L. Keenan, of the Sixth Florida Eegiment, was wounded at Bentonville, N. C, in 1865. This list of casualities is not complete. Compiled by Mrs. Elisha P. Dismukes, now residing in Co- lumbus, Ga. In this work she was assisted by Miss Eebecca. White, of Quincy, Florida. — 82 — HON. STEPHEN R- MALLORY, Secretary of the Navy, Confederate States of America. Pensacola, Florida. GEORGIA MRS. F. A. TIMBERLAKE. Vice-President Confederatecl Soutnern Memorial Association, Augusta, Georgia. Mrs. F. A. Timberlake, who was Mrs. Mildred Eve Walton, at the time she was made President of the Ladies' Memorial As- sociation of Augusta., in March, 1873, held that offioe continu- ously for twenty-seven years. During the war she was an active member of the Ladies' Re- lief and Hospital Association, and in the home of her father, Dr. Joseph A. Eve, had full opportunity of seeing and caring for the sick and wounded soldiers of the Confederacy. This hospitable home never turned away any of the needy ones of the Great Cause, and its charitable household continually and cheerfully ministered to their necessities. Mrs. Timberlake daily visited the hospitals and carried deli- cacies to the sick soldiers, among whom were some Federal pris- oners, who shared equally these conforts. Owing to ihe great interest taken by Mrs. Timberlake in these soldiers the pro- ceeds of a fair in Aiken, S. C, was sent to her for disbursement. One day, returning from a visit there, accompanied by the chap- lain, Eev. W. J. Hard, to their great surprise and sorrow, they met the solemn procession, headed by our beloved President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, a captive. A mounted Fed- eral guard attended him. The sidewalks were crowded with cit- izens with bared heads and sad faces. Mr. Davis manifested his appreciation of their presence and sympathy by continuing to bow to all as h'e rode by. It was one of the most touching scenes imaginable. He was carried temporarily to the Rich- mond Academy, which was the Federal headquarters at that time, the building already historic from its association with President Washington, who visited it when in Augusta in 1791, and presented one of the students with a prize for declamation. — 83 — During Mr, Davis' imprisonment, his wife and infant daugh- ter, Winnie, were for some time the guests of Hon. George Schley and family, living a few miles from Augusta, who were relatives of Mrs. Timberlake, and she enjoyed most pleasant intercourse with them. After a period of time, she again met Winnie Davis in Athens, Ga., growTi to charming womanhood, "the Daughter of the Confederacy." Her gracious manners won all hearts, and her memory will ever be most tenderly cherished. At the expiration of twenty-seven years' ser\dce as President of the Ladies' Memorial Association, Mrs. Timl>erlake re>igned her office in 1900, and was succeeded by Mrs. C. A. Eowland. In recognition of her distinguished services, the Memorial As- sociation elected her Honorary President of that body. It was owing to her untiring zeal and executive ability, ably assisted by Mrs. John T. Miller, who was Secretary and Treasurer, and by the Ladies' Memorial Association, that the splendid monu- ment to the Confederate dead was erected in. Augusta Ga. It is pronoimced one of the handsomest memorials in the South. Mrs. Timberlake is also Vice-President of the Confederated Southern ^fomorial Association for Georgia, and takes an active interest in all patriotic work. LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, ALBANY, GEORGIA. The Ladies' Memorial Association of Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia, grew out of the work of the ladies of Dough- erty County for wounded and sick soldiers, who, not able to travel farther, were left at Albany at the Way Side Home. The Way .Side Home Society rendered efficient services to the wounded and sick soldiers, under the wise and able direction of Mrs. Amanda Hines Hobbs, the first President, and Mrs. Re- becca Welsh Sutton, who succeeded Mrs. Hobbs at the death of the latter. After tlie war it was the desire of the women of Dougherty C^ounty to raise a monument to the dead heroes of the Confeder- ate army, but nothing was done until 187G. when Colonel Nelson Tift, founder of Albany, Georgia, urged his lady friends re- — 84 — MRS. F. A. TIMBERLAKE, (Formerly Mrs. M. E. Walton.) Vice-President for Georgia, Confederated Soutiiern Memorial Association, Augusta, Georgia. peatedly to start a mon-ument ixmd, and suggested giving public dinners at the Fair Ground during the County Fair. Three ladies undertook the work : Mrs. Lou Warren, Mrs. A. M. Wolihin and Mrs. Lou Smith Talbert. They realized $131.41, which they loaned out at interest. Nothing more was done to add to this fund until a Ladies' Memorial Association was regularly organized in May, 1891, when the following ladies met and enrolled as charter members : Mrs. Lou Warren, Pres- ident; Miss Hattie Ashe Hall, Vice-President; Mrs. Elizabeth Cruger Westbrook, Treasurer; Miss Carrie W. Smith, Secre- tary; Mrs. Fannie Tift Nelson, Mrs. Susan Hall Tift, Mrs. Ella Bust Hilsman, Mrs. Annie Tarver Hobbs, Mrs. Elizabeth Solo- mon Tarver, Mrs. Eugenia Coley Clark, Mrs. Annie Smith Davis, Miss Edwina Davis, members. The association decided on meeting once each month. The initiation fee was fixed at $1.00 and dues at 10 cents each mem- ber per month. Captain Eichard Hobbs, veteran, spoke to the ladies of the neglected condition of the graves of unknown soldiers, and the Association decided to raise funds by a concert for this purpose. Mrs. E. C. Clark afterwards gave a concert, the proceeds of which were invested in marble slabs, which were placed at the head of such graves ; these slabs were inscribed "Unknown." For several years nothing was done by the Association except arranging for the yearly observance of Memorial Day. In 1893 Mrs. Lou Warren resigned and Mrs. Fannie Hunter Lockett was elected in her place, with Mrs. Westbrook as Treas- urer, and Mrs. Carrie Smj.th Ticknor, Secretary. In the following five years Mrs. Lockett, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Ticlaior and Mrs. Davis turned over to the Treasurer for the monument fund nearly two hundred ($200.00) dollars, the pro- ceeds of a concert, a fiag drill and a reading by " Betsy Ham- ilton." In 1898 Mrs. Lockett resigned and was succeeded by Mrs. Car- rie Smith Ticknor, who was succeeded the following year by Miss Hattie Ashe Hall and the monument fund was increased to five liundred and fifty-one ($551.00) dollars. In 1900 Miss Hall displayed great zeal and energy, and in that year a de- termined effort was made to raise enough money to erect a monument without delay. — 85 — In 1901 Veteran John G. Laroque, by his individual efforts, raised from the citizens of Albany over three hundred dollars, and a design for the monument was selected, and the order placed with W. H. Miller, of Albany, Ga. At a meeting of the Association in 1902 tlie necessity for marking the graves of all soldiers buried at Albany was brought before the members and a petition was sent to the City Council to aid the Association in this work. The Council found that they could not appropriate any money for such a cause, but the Mayor, Mr. Samuel B. Brown, generously sent the ladies $100.00 as a personal contribution, to be used for this purpose. Seventy-five marble slabs were ordered with C. S. A. cut on them. Mr. W. H. Miller placed these slabs free of charge to the Association, under the direction of Mr. F. L. Wilder, sex- ton, who also rendered his services free. On Wednesday, November 13th, 1901, the monument was unveiled in the presence of the entire population of the city. The statoie on this monument is life size and is made of Italian marble, and is pronounced by all who have seen it as a most beautiful and finished work. This statue of a Southern sol- dier 'stands on a die of white Georgia marble, the base being of granite. The face of the statue looks toward the East. Inscribed on the marble die are these words: ^'They fought, not for conquest, but for liberty and their own homes." On the East side is inscribed : "Our Confederate dead, 1861-1865." On the South side: "These men need no eulogy, for their works do follow them." On the West side: "This monument is erected under the auspices of the Ladies' Me- morial Association of Dougherty County, Georgia, to the men who fought in the Confederate army in defense of Constitu- tional Liberty." The Association to-day is not largo, but loyal to the past. Several membcM's liave withdrawn, and some liave moved away. It is the purpose of tlie members to mark the graves of every soldier buried liere, to keep alive the love and gratitude for those who fought, and to aid in every possible way all fefforts to render to posterity the glorious record made l\v our South- em soldiers. The present membership of the Association consists of Miss ITattie Ashe Hall, President; Mrs. Sue Tarpley Carter, Vice- — 86 — President; Miss Edwina Lamar Davis, Treasurer; Mrs. Annie Smith Davis, Secretary; Mrs. Pauline Smith Sterne, Mrs. Fan- nie Tift Nelson, Mrs. Carrie Smith Ticknor, Mrs. Eva Carter Wooten, Mrs. Lou Smith Talbert, Mrs. Susan Hall Tift and Mrs. Mary Miller Tyler. LADIES' MEMOKIAL ASSOCIATION, AMERICUS, GEORGIA. At the close of the war the women of Americus, who, in com- mon with their sisters all over the South, had labored during that stormy period in giving aid and comfort to the Confeder- ate soldiers, formed themselves into "The Ladies' Memorial Association." The object of this Association was to commemorate the deeds and to care for the last resting place of those who had died in defense of their country. Like the Mary's of old : " 'Twas all their love had leave to do." It is to be regretted that no record of this society was kept in the first years of its existence. The writer knows that since its beginning, it has been handed down from mother to daughter, as a most sacred charge, and she well rememhers that first ^^Memorial Day" on the Twent3^-sixth of April, Eighteen Hun- dred and Sixty-Six, when they met together, and kneeling there where so much of hope was buried, they laid their sweetest spring flowers above the sleeping dead. It had always been the ardent wish of the Ladies' Memorial Association to erect a suitable monument to the soldiers fallen in battle, who had gone from among their midst, and they ever worked to the accomplishment of this end. In the latter part of the seventies, when the government began to improve the cemetery at Andersonville, building a wall around it and mak- ing many oiodies, one hundred and fifteen in number, removed to Americus, and gave for this purpose their hoarded monument fund. In February, eighteen hundred and eighty, this was — S7 — carried ink) effect. Neat marble stones were placed at the head and foot of each grave — and the names, whenever obtainable, otherwise marked "Unknown," inscribed thereon. About this time the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined the Ladies' Memorial Association in raising money for the erection of this monument, but it was not until the spring of eighteen hundred and ninety-nine that their long deferred hopes were realized, and a handsome monument, costing about eighteen hundred dollars, was ordered and soon after placed on its pe- destal. The officers of this Association were: Mrs. Maria Harrold, President; ]\Iiss Mary C. Granberry, Vice-President; Mrs. Lucy M. Taylor, Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. Mattie Bivins- Cobb, Historian. LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, ATLANTA, GEORGIA. Confederate ]\Iemorial work in Atlanta, which has culmi- nated in such grand evidences in stone, as illustrated in this volume, was begun by Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan. She had served, when known as Miss Eugenia Goode, as Secretary of the Atlanta Hospital Association for three years, and had been- married about one year to ^fajor Joseph H. ]\rorgan, when- Mrs. Charles J. Williams, of Columbus, Ga., made her appeal to the ladies of the South to aid her in observing Memorial Day.. On the 15th day of April, 1866, Mrs. Morgan requested Mrs.. W. W. Cla}ix)n (sister to General Paul Semmes), and her daughters, who are now Mrs. Hodge and ^Irs. Crane, to imite- with her in calling the ladies together and in making prepara- tions for celebrating the day. Accordingly, these ladies, with the addition of Mrs. John Sim- mons, went out among their friends and in two days raised $350.00 as a memorial fund, to defray the expenses of clearing the ground, putting it in proper condition, and otherwise cele- lirating the day. Mrs. Morgan, with her father and mother, Major and Mrs. Hamilton Goode, and the Misses Clayton, went day after day to the cemetery, taking their lunch with them, di- recting the hired labor, until they had cleared tlie ground where all the known dead are interred in Oakland Cemetery. These de- — 88 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1872, Atlanta, Georgia. voted pioneers spared not their own hands from such sacred toil, but assisted in making clean this last bed of the heroes at rest there. These ladies then sent to Stone Mountain for cedar, which was brought by the Georgia Eailroad free of charge and de- posited in a building on Marietta street, a then central point. They then met and twined it into wreaths, crosses and other de- signs, to be kept in readiness for the occasion, to be so sweetly celebrated. On the 25th day of April this notice was sent to the merchants in the city: "In behalf of the ladies of Atlanta we request the merchants t^ close their doors on to-morrow, April 26th, for the purpose of decorating the graves of the Confederate soldiers. "Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan, "Miss Julia Clayton, 'T\Iiss Sallie Clayton, "Committee." The Intelligencer and New Era, daily papers, published in Atlanta at that tdme, repeated the request, and gave the ladies all the assistance possible. Consequently, on the 26th, at the early hour of nine o'clock, nearly all the business houses were closed, and the people, young and old, were seen wending their way to the cemetery, most of them bearing some floral tribute to be deposited above the silent dust. The City of the Living was deserted, for the time, for the City of the Dead. Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan, Mrs. Goode, Mrs. Clayton and daughters, Mfrs. Willis Peck, Mrs. John N". Simmons. Mrs. E. Lawshe, Mrs. John ISTeal and daughters, Mrs. Westmoreland, Mrs. (Dr.) Grant and Mrs. J. M. Johnson met in the building where the decorations were deposited, and, together with Col- onel Hoge, Colonel E. Y. Clarke, Mr. A. E. Watson, E. Bass, Major Tom Williams, Captain W. M. Williams, Major Jos. EC- Morgan and others, walked to the cemetery, carrying their of- fering to the heroic dead. They went with heavy hearts and many misgivings. They reached the cemetery at 11 o'clock, and near the center of the area appropriated to graves of "Confederate Dead" was erected an arch of evergreens, which was beautifully gemmed with flowers. Colonel Hoge introduced Eev. E. Q. Mallard, of the Central Presbyterian Church, chaplain for the occasion. After a few very impressive remarks, he offered a fervent,, touching prayer. — 89 — The wTcaths of evergreen and flowers that had been prepared were then laid upon the graves, until the four thousand had been covered. Their memory was typifyed by the evergreens, and their praises voiced l)y tlie perfume of the flowers. They then returned, cjuietly and solemnly, to their respective homes. Such was Atlanta's first ^^lemorial Day. The next day a notice was published in the daily papers, call- ign the ladies and citizens generally to attend a meeting to be held at Wesley Chapel, for the purpose of electing officers of the Atlanta Memorial Association, and devising means to procure funds for the proper disintierment of our gallant dead, who were then lying in trenches around Atlanta. The meeting was organized by calling Dr. J. N. Simmons to the chair, and requesting Colonel E. F. Hoge to act as Sec- retary. An election for permanent officers was then held, which resulted as follows: Board of Directors — General G. T. Anderson, Colonel J. S. Prather, Colonel E. F. Hoge, Captain W. M. Williams, ]\rajor A. Leyden, Dr. J. G. Westmoreland, Mrs. E. Bass, Mrs. J. j\I. Johnson and Mrs. W. F. Westmoreland. President, Dr. J. P. Logan; First Vice-President, Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan; Second Vice-Piesident, Mrs. E. B. Walker; Third Vice-President, Mrs. J. N. Simmons. In the following years, 1866 and 1867, under the presidency of !Mrs. Joseph H. ^lorgan, Memorial Day was fittingly observed, and many improvements made on the grounds. Many bodies were removed from the trenches around Atlanta and re-interred. About this time the Association petitioned the city, asking a donation of ground in Oakland Cemetery, for the purpose of giving these neglected heroes a Christian burial. Mr. Frank Ryan, an ex-Confederate and Clerk of Council,, furnishes the following extracts from the minutes: "Resolution by Mr. Bell. "Resolved, '"i'hat the petition of the Atlanta ^Nfemorial Asso- ciation, asking a donation of land for the purpose of interring the Conffderate dead, be referred to the Committee on Ceme- tory. and that the said committee have full power to act in the premises. Agreed to." The committee gave them the ground now marked 'T'nknnwn." They failed to raise the money to be- gin the work, and it was postponed another year. They had — 90 — no money in the treasury to pay for jDainting the remaining headboards. Major Joseph H. Morgan painted five hundred himself, lettered them and superintended the setting up of all the headboards in the cemetery. In the spring of 1868 Mrs. Morgan resigned her position on account of absence from At- lanta. At the next meeting of the Association the following otBcers were elected : President, Mrs. John B. Gordon ; First Vice- President, Mrs. J. M. Johnson; Second Vice-President, Mrs. Joseph Winship; Third Vice-President, Mrs. E. B. Walker; Treasurer, Mrs. W. W. Clayton; Secretary, Mrs. K. P. Zimmer- man. This year, Memorial Day falling on Sunday, it was observed very quietly. At 2 :30 o'clock the procession formed at the City Hall and proceeded to the cemetery. Over the main drive, where the monument is now, was an arch with the in- scription, "Our Soldiers." This year the ladies gave a supper for the benefit of the Spottsylvania Memorial Association in Virginia, from which they realized $303.80, which they turned over to General Gordon to forward to them. About this time the Association appealed to the Legislature for an appropria- tion to remove the dead. This was refused. They were not discouraged, but continued to give entertainments until they raised the required amount, and during the winter of this year the dead were removed. The Fikst Addeess. On the 26th of April, 1869, the first Memorial address was delivered. Colonel E. Y. Clarke introduced the orator, Gen- eial W. S. Walker, in a chaste and eloquent speech. General Walker's address was short, conservative and appropriate. This year a movement was made to erect a monument to our "Confederate Dead" that should be an eternal testimo- nial to their patriotism and valor. The Association had made some progress under Mrs. Gordon's administration. Honorable mention is due, just here, to Colonel E. Y. Clarke, who had worked with the ladies from the beginning of their labor of love. As they began to accumulate money for the monimient, they agitated the question as to where it was to be placed. Some wished to have it in the cemetery, and oth- — 91 — ers in the city on ^larietta street. A meeting of the most prominent people of the city was held at the City Hall to decide the question by 'ballot. The majority voted to place it in the cemetery. Mrs. Gordon resigned the office of Presi- dent, j\Irs. J. M. Johnson, First Vice-President, was elected by acclamation i'o succeed her. As Vice-President with Mrs. Gordon, Mrs. Johnson had per- sonally superintended removing the dead for ten miles around and through the city. In some of the trenches she found as many as ninety bodies, wrapped in their blankets, hands crossed, with their caps laid over their faces. When exposed to the air they crumbled to dust. Their bones were sacredly gath- ered and placed in boxes already prepared. It must be remembered that Atlanta was burned to the ground in 1864 by General Sherman, and her impoverished citizens found it difficult to get lumber to rebuild their homes. The ladies of the Memorial Association were compelled to have lum- ber to make boxes to bury the dead. Mrs. Johnson went to Stone Mountain, where she heard some lumber could be bought. She superintended the making of the boxes, until the three thou^sand unknown patriots were given a Christian burial. It cost six thousand dollars to provide boxes and remove the bodies — two dollars for each. Memorial Day, 1870, was appropriately observed. Colonel C. H. Hoge, as orator, delivered an able and eloquent address. Immediately after Memorial Day the Association went to work to raise money for the proposed monument. They had raised enough to defray the cost of laying the corner-stone and putting the coping around the base of the monument, when General Robert E. Lee died. Consequently, they chose the day of his funeral for laying the corner-stone. General G. T. Anderson was marshal of the day, assisted by l\[ajor J. H. Morgan. The procession was composed of Masonic lodges, Knights Templar, Good Templars, members of the press, officers and students of Oglethorpe College, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Mayor and Council, and all city officers. The city appeared in mourning. The procession reached the City Hall at 11 o'clock. The ?neinl)ors of the ^^femorial Association, the orator of tlie day, and other distinguished persons occupied seats on the stand. Rev. W. 'W Brantley then offered a prayer, after which there was music by the band. Dr. H. V. M. Miller, then United States Senator, — 92 EX-PRESIDENTS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, Atlanta, Georgia. I. Mrs. Jos. H. Morgan. 2. Mrs. John B. Gordon. 3. Mrs W. D. Ellis, President. 4. Mrs. Mary Cobb Johnson. 5- Mrs. John MiUedge. introduced General John B. Gordon, the orator of the day. We may rest assured that he eulogized his lost friend, as no one else •could ha^e done, and electrified his audience. When General Gordon concluded, the benediction was pronounced by Eev. W. M. Crumley. The procession then started to the cemetery* the hand playing "Auld Lang Syne." A stand had been erected and was spanned by an arch draped in mourning, in the center of which was suspended a portrait of General Lee, sword in hand standmg in front of his tent. ' As the Memorial Association came up to the platform, in the van was Colonel Hoge bearing a banner, assisted by Miss Mary Clayton and Miss Sallie Edwards. The Knights Templar Masonic lodges and Grand lodge were in attendance. While the Masons were going through their ceremonies, a beautiful Confederate flag was spread over the opening of the stone, the history of which was this: Early in 1862, a Con- federate soldier, who was a prisoner, died in a hospital' in Ken- -tucky. Before he died, he gave this flag to Mrs. Hawkins, who Yisited him, and told her to give it to the best Confederate in Louisville, and requested that a Yankee should never be allowed to touch it. She gave the flag to Mrs. B. A. Pratte, who was at that time living in Louisville, but had now become a resident of Atlanta and a member of the Ladies' Memorial Association. After all these things were deposited, a flag was wrapped around them, the box was sealed, and the stone set in mortar, when Grand Master Lawrence, according to Masonic rite, poured ■com, wine and oil upon it. Connected with the wine used is a little incident: A bottle of champagne was given to Miss Sallie Edwards (now Mrs. J. C. Olmsted) by a Kentucky Confederate General, when a young girl in Louisville. He told her to keep it and drink it when the Confederacy was recognized. She thought this an appropriate occasion to use it. Grand Master Lawrence con- eluded with a brief address, after which Colonel Thomas How- ard made an eloquent, impressive speech, and this concluded the ceremonies. In 1871 the address was made by Dr. David Wills, of Ogle- thorpe College, Dr. Brantley acting as chaplain. The ladies worked very hard during this year, trying to pay for the work on the- monument. — 93 — The officers elected for the ensuing year were: Mrs. J. M. Jolinson. President; Mrs. Josepli ]I. Morgan, First Vice-Presi- dent; ]\rrs. Alfred Austell, Second Vice-President; Mrs. W. K. Phillips, Treasurer; Mrs. B. A, Pratte, Secretary. :Nremorial Day, 1872, Colonel James D. Waddell made the address, and Rev. David Wills offered the prayer. The cere- monies were as usual. November, 1872, the Association went in a body to the Capitol, and requested the members of the Legislature to give their per diem to assist (if they could not make an appropriation) to re- imburse them for the money spent in removing the dead. Judge James Brown, of Canton, was at that time in the Senate, and made such a gallant speech for the ladies that they were given two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500). Memorial Day, 1873, the exercises were more elaborate, and it was the greatest success that had so far been attained. All the military companies were out, and the procession was three- quarters of a mile long. Rev. Robert Elliott, rector of St. Phillips Church, was chaplain. General Walker introduced Major J. W. Roberts, who read the poem of S. I\. Philips en- titled'"lmmortelles." General Walker then introduced General A. C. Garlington, who delivered a beautiful address. January, 1874, the monument was finished. It is of the Roman style, consisting of a rustic base in six courses, twenty feet square at the top of the foundation. All the work above the base is fine cut ashlar, and laid in courses. The first pedestal is finished with a projecting tablet containing the words " Our Confederate Dead — 1873." The cap projects beyond the face of the pedestal six inches, on which the shaft rises from a large convex moulding and runs up to a height of twelve feet without diminishing, and is capped with a plain projecting band, the fliniinution commencing al)ove the band to the apex of the shaft. The whole height is sixty-five feet. It is made of Stone Mountain granite. Mr. William Gray was the designer and donated the tnlih't and inscrij)tion, as well as his services. Dr. Amos Fox voluntarily assumed, for the Association, the contract for the erection (as they were not chartered at that time), and saw that it was faithfully executed. Colonel Calvin Fay superintonflod its erection, and rendered many other valuable services, ^fr. J. T. "Nr<'ador, Prosidcnt of the Stono Mountain Granite — 94 — Company, donated all the granite used, the Association con- tracting to pay for the dressing and polishing, which contract the Company faithfully executed. Superintendent S. K. John- son, of the Cxeorgia Eailroad, transported all of the granite over the road free of charge. It would have cost $17,000 as it is, but for these donations. The actual cost of dressing and polishing the granite, and erecting the monument, was $8,000.00. Memorial Day, 1874, the monument was unveiled. It had been just four years since the corner-stone was laid. The ladies of the Memorial Association, with Governor Smith, Judges of the Supreme Court, and Hon. Thomas Hardeman' had seats on the monument. General Clement A. Evans offered a fervent prayer. Then Colonel Eobert A. Alston introduced Hon. Thomas Hardeman, orator of the day, whose eloquent address made an impression never to be forgotten by those who heard him. The monument was all paid for now, but one thousand dollars. The ladies were determined to finish paying for it this year. In 1875, Eev. E. C. Fonto, rector of St. Philips Church, acted as chaplain, and Capt. Harry Jackson delivered the address. A poem by Dr. H. L. W. Craig was read by Judge George Hillyer. In 1876, General Walker was marshal; Dr. A. T. Spaldino-^ chaplain, and Judge James F. Pou, of Columbus, orator. In 1877, General Walker, marshal: Eev. D. W. Gwyn, chap- lain, and Mr. Howard Van Epps, orator. In 1878, General G. T. Anderson, marshal; Father Quinian, chaplain, and Hon. James W. Eobertson, orator. In 1879, Captain John Milledge was marshal; General C. A. Evans, chaplain, and General Fitz Hugh Lee, orator. In 1880, Dr. Wm. E. Boggs was chaplain; Colonel E. F. Hoge, orator, and a poem by Miss Johnnie Hunt, of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was read. In 1881, Major Cummings was marshal; Eev. John W. Heidt, chaplain; Prof. McAdoo of Knoxville, poet, and Captain John Milledge, orator. Mr. Smith Clayton presented the composition entitled " The Faded Jacket of Gray " which has been declaimed by school boys all over the State. In the fall of 1881. Mrs. J. M. Johnson resigned the Presi- dency, and Mrs. W. W. Clayton was elected in her stead, with Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan as First Vice President; Mrs. George — 95 — T. Fry, Second Vice-President; ]\Irs. Mary DeSaussure, Treas- urer, and Mrs. W. D. Ellis, Secretary. In 1882, General P. B. M. Young was marshal; Dr. Henry McDonald, chaplain, and Colonel E. F. Hoge, orator. In the fall of 1882. j\Irs. Clayton resigned the office of Presi- dent, and was succeeded by Mrs. B. A. Pratte. In 1883,Major W. D. Luckie was marshal; Rev. D. W. Gwyn was chaplain, and short addresses were made by Captain Harry Jackson and Captain John Milledge, both in uniform. In 1884," Dr. E. H. Bamett was chaplain and Judge George Hillycr, orator. Mrs. Pratte resigned the Presidency at this time, and was suc- ceeded by Mrs. Mary DeSaussure, under whose administration devoted and efficient work was done. Eje-Organization. October 16th, 1884, the Association was re-organized. Busi- ness of importance made it necessary that it should be chartered. Colonel George T. Fry prepared the charter. The meeting was held in the parlor of the Young Men's Library. Captain Milledge was called to the chair, and Colonel George T. Fry was requested to act as Secretary and to read the charter. After having heard it read, the ladies accepted and organized under it. The following officers were then elected : President, Mrs. Fanny C. ]\Iilledge ; First Vice-Presi- dent, Mrs. W. D. Ellis; Second Vice-President, Mrs. E. F. Hoge; Third Vice-President, Mrs. Harr}' Jackson; Fourth Vice-President, Mrs. Willis P. Chisholm; Treasurer, Mrs. J. C. Olmsted ; Secretay, Mrs. George T. Fry. The Incumbency of Mrs. Fannie C. Milledge^ as President. Mrs. Fannie C. Milledge, wife of Captain John Milledge, who was a gallant artillery officer from Georgia during the war, was elected president of the Association. Mrs. ^Milledge, before her marriage, was Miss Robinson from Richmonrl, Virginia, and her family had been devoted to the Confederate cause. Her marriage to Captain Milledge occurred in the closing days of the struggle in Virginia, and was the cul- mination of one of the many episodes connected with the pres- — 96 — PRESIDENTS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 2. Mrs. L. A. Lawson, Waynesboro, Georgia. 4. Mrs. D. H. Williams, Gainesville, Alabama, 6. Mrs. J. B. Mack, I. Mrs. W. F. Spurlin, Camden, Alabama. 3. Mrs. Beverly D. Evans, Sandersville, Georgia 5. Mrs. M. M. Madden, Brunswick, Georgia. Fort Mill, South Carolina. ence of ^gallant and courtly gentlemen from other parts of the South n the homes and at the firesides of Virginia culture and refinenent. Mr.'. Milledge brought to the performance of her official duty a rai-, combination of skill, devotion and energy; and the affairs' of the Association, if such a term can be used, pros- pere' under her fostering care and management. She was President of the Association for thirteen years, and died on the afternoon preceding Memorial Day, 1895. Her death ocfurred after the preparation for the parade had been made; ami, speaking in military parlance, her life went out almost on tht] skirmish line. The Memorial Association had been greatly di^voted to her, and in the camps of Confederate veterans her nime was as well known, and her wishes as much respected, {3 though she had held official station in these organizations. 'Ouring most of the time of the presidency of Mrs. Milledge, IVjTs. W. D. Ellis was First Vice-President; Mrs. S. A. Melone, r>econd Vice-President; Mrs. W. A. Wright, Third Vice-Presi- ■lent; Mrs. C. W. Henderson, Fourth Vice-President; Mrs. Joseph H. Morgan, Fifth Vice-President; Mrs. J. C. Olmsted, Treasurer and Mrs. S. W. Goode, Secretary. I In 1885, General Henderson was marshal; Dr. J. B. Haw- j ihorne, chaplain, and Colonel George T. Fry, orator. In 1886, Captain K. L. Barry was marshal; Rev. J. W. Lee, ehaplain, and Hon. W. D. Ellis, orator. In 1887, the Confederate veterans (now organized into a body), at the request of the ladies agreed to take charge of the '*ousiness part of celebrating Memorial Day, the ladies contin- iiing to pay their own expenses. This year there were more than one hundred Confederate v^eterans in line, under command of Colonel George T. Fry, who wore his Confederate uniform. Boxes were placed at the gates to receive contributions to a monument to be erected in Mobile, Alabama, to Father Ryan, " The Poet Priest of the South." Dr. H. C. Morrison was chaplain and Captain William A. Wright introduced Hon. Albert Cox, who delivered the address. During the Spring of 1888, the Confederate Cemetery was very much improved. A new hedge, roses and spring shrubs, were planted, with magnolias and other ornamental trees. — 97 — ITT y Memorial Day, 1888, the venerable Dr. Jolm Jones, of Atlanta^ was chaplain, and Colom'l T. G. Jones, since Govcrnoi- of Ala- bama, made the address. Decenier of tliis year tlie ladies joined with the vet(i "ans in holding a fair, one-half of the net proceeds of which wei e to go to the head-stone fund of the Memorial Association. Dr. Amos Fox turned over to the ladies $1,793.00 as thei r half of the net proceeds. * Memorial Day, 1889, Colonel W. L. Calhoun intioduccd (Gen- eral P. M. B. Young, orator of the day, wliosc address wa> one of the most eloquent ever delivered on a similar occasion, and his tribute to Southern women was all the more appreci.'^ed, coming from a confirmed old l)achelor. Dr. J. Will' im Jones, of Virginia, was chaplain. The boxes at the g-*.':cs were found to contain $57.00, which was turned over ' /a the secretary to be sent with like contributions of this day from other cities of Georgia, to mark the graves of her heroes \/ho are sleeping in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Virginia. , In December, 1889, the Association joined with the vetera'is in paying the last tribute of love and respect to their honoroer of bat- tle-scarred veterans, who had followed General Johnston through the entire war, surrounded his carriage, unhitched the horses, and themselves drew his carriage to the opera house. As- sembled there on the stage with him, for the last time on earth, were Beauregard, Longstreet, Kirby Smith, Wade Hamp- ton, Lafayette, McLaws, Simon Buckner, Gordon, Colquitt, Law- ton, Bate, Early, Moorman, Vaughan, Stephen D. Lee, P. M. B. Young, and others. The address was a very appropriate one, and " Many eyes were suffused with tears, As he told the story. How the South fought for her rights. And lost all but her glory." At the conclusion of the exercises, the procession was formed on Marietta street, and marched to the cemetery. Colonel W. L, Calhoun was marshal, assisted by Colonel L. P. Thomas and Hugh Colquitt and Captain W. D. Ellis. The Knights Templar escorted the ladies, and the generals were in carriages imme- diately l)ebind them. One carriage was occupied by the ven- erable sister of General J. E. B. Stuart, Mrs. J. M. John- son, ex-President, with Beauregard and Kirby Smith. Hun- dreds of veterans were in line. Many visitors and citizens also joined in the procession. Arriving at the cemetery the Asso- ciation and Generals had seats on the monument. Impromptu speeches were made by several of the Generals, as they were called upon. Then a prayer by the chaplain, and the igraves were covered with flowers. May 9th, 1890, the Association held an important meeting in the parlor of the Young Men's Library. After paying all expenses of Memorial Day, and giving votes of thanks to all who had rendered assistance, the ladies proceeded to elect their •officers for the ensuing year. Mrs. George T. Fry, who had — 99 — been Secretary ever since the re-organization, resigned the office because of her change of residence from Atlanta to Chattanooga, Tenn. Eesohitions of regret were passed and she was made an honorary life-member. The following officers were then elected : President, Mrs. John Milk'dge; First Vice-President, Mrs. W. D. Ellis; Second Vice- President, Mrs. W. A. Wright; Third Vice-President, Mrs. E. F. Hoge; Fourth Vice-President, ^frs. Joseph H. ^Morgan; Treasurer, Mrs. J. C. Olmsted; Secretary, Mrs. Samuel W. Goode. Memorial Day, 1891, was observed in the usual manner with a grand parade, the strewing of flowers upon the Confederate graves, an oration by Rev. J, W. Lee, D. D., and prayer and religious exercises by Rev. T. P. Cleveland. Meiflorial day, 1892, was faithfully observed. Mr. Fulton Colville, of Atlanta, delivered the oration; Colonel W. Lowndes Calhoun officiated as marshal ; Rev. T. C. Tupper acted as chap- lain. On the 26th of April, 1893, Memorial day. General Holtzclaw, of Alabama, was orator and Rev. G. B. Strickler, D. D. was chaplain. ^fi'iuorial day, 1894. was fitly observed. Hon. H. IL Carlton, of Athens, Georgia, delivered the address. Rev. I. S. Hopkins, I).D.. was chaplain; Captain John Milledge was marshal. In 1895, Memorial day exercises were held, and Lucien Knight, Esq., one of the editors of the Constitution, delivered the address. The Rev. A. W. Knight, rector of St. Philip's Episcopal Church, was chaplain. The Incumbency of Mrs. W. D. Ellis as President. Mrs. W. D. Ellis, whose maiden name was Phoebe C. Prio- leau, formerly of Charleston, S. C, and whose family had been devoted to the Confederate cause, was elected President to suc- ceed Mrs. Milledge, with the following co-assistants : Mrs. S. A, Melone, First Vice-President; I^h-s. W. A. Wright, Second Vice- President; Mrs. W. H. Henderson, Third Vice-President; Mrs. Joseph H. ^Morgan, Fourth Vice-President; Mrs. J. C. Olrastied, Treasurer; Miss "Martha Goode, Secretary. ^Irs. Ellis has been re-elected year after year, and is still the President of the Association. — 100 — In 1896, Memorial day was observed in the usual impressive manner. Hon. Dupont Guerry, of Macon, Georgia, delivered the address. Eev. T. P. Cleveland was chaplain and Colonel A. J. West, marshal. Memorial day, 1897, had for its orator Eev. W. W. Landrum, D. D. ; Rev. Theron Rico, D. D., officiated as chaplain. On Memorial Day, 1898, Hon. Albert Cox, of Atlanta, delivered the address; Colonel A. J. West acted as marshal, and Rev. Mr. Holderby officiated as chaplain. In 1899, Memorial day was observed with all its customary de- votion and enthusiasm. Hon. Pleasant A. Stovall, of Savannah, Georgia, delivered the oration. Memorial day, 1900, was observed with the usual grand pa- rade and great outpouring of the citizens of Atlanta. Hon. W. D. Ellis, of Atlanta, delivered the oration. Rev. C. P. Bride- well was chaplain and Major J. C. Haskell was marshal. Memorial day, 1901, was observed in the usual manner, Hon. J. W. Austin being the orator of the day, and Rev. C. B. Wilmer, chaplain. Hon. W. A . Wright was marshal of the occasion. 1902 had for its orator, Hon. John Temple Graves; for its marshal. Captain W. A. Hanson, both of Atlanta. Annual Parades. Almost without exception in the history of the Memorial Asso- ciation of Atlanta, the graves of the Confederate dead have been decorated with flowers, after stirring, patriotic and eloquent orations had been delivered from the base of the monument in Oakland Cemetery, and after other interesting exercises had been observed. This cemetery is about one mile from the center of the city, and the almost universal custom has been that the entire busi- ness of the City of Atlanta was suspended from 12 o'clock m., for the balance of the day; and the processions were formed in the city about two o'clock, and moved in regular and military order through the principal streets out to the cemetery, where the addresses and exercises occurred as stated. These processions have been always large and imposing. On many occasions, when the head of the procession entered the gate of Oakland Cemetery, the rear guard had not more than left the center of the city. Not only have these processions been immense, but the occasion — 101 — has drawn from the homes of Atlanta, to look on and take part in a general way, almost the entire population; and i^o Memorial day started out to be, and has continued to grow into, a great, memorable, annual occasion. The Lion of Atlanta. During the last year of incumbency of Mrs. John Milledge, there was placed in that part of Oakland Cemetery set apart to the imkno\NTi Confederate dead, a magnificent lion carved in marble, in splendid imitation of the lion of Lucerne. This lion has draped near it a Confederate ilag, and on the occasion of the unveiling of this monument there was a great parade and a splendid tribute paid by all the people to this most appropriate ornament. Among the floral offovings were a car load of beautifnl flowers sent by the citizens of Brunswick, Georgia, in appreciation of Atlanta's aid to the yellow fever sufl'erers of that city. It will l)e seen by looking over the list of orators through the long period of years noted in the foregoing history of the Memo- rial Association of Atlanta, that many distinguished men de- livered addresses. It can truthfully be said that all the ad- dresses -delivered have been striking, eloquent and impressive. The time, the occasion, the magnificent outpouring of the people, and the solemn devotion manifested to the subject in hand, appear to have called out from each succeeding speaker his very best effort. Almost upon tlie formation of the order of Daughters of the Confederacy, that organization began to take active interest in the celebration of Memorial day in Atlanta, and brought to the aid of the Memorial Association its enthusiastic influence, aid and support. The Order of R. E. Lee, another patriotic organization, un- der the leadership of Mrs. W. L. Peel, its President, has ren- dered timely and appreciated aid and influence in tbe suc- cessful outcome of a number of Memorial occasions. From the beginning of this work down to this date the municipal government of Atlanta has not only encouraged these an- nual exercises, but its various de])artments have actively participated; its schools have joined in the procession; it> various departments have taken hold, and two of these — ion — departments have been conspicuously helpful. Among the acts of the City Council was the donation to the Association of a plat of ground in the cemetery, subsequently sold and the pro- ceeds converted into a fund which produces an annual return of over $300.00. ^ The Fire Department of Atlanta, under its efficient and able Chief, W. E. Joyner, ]ias for many years taken a conspicuous partmthe observance of Memorial Day. Not only have the officers and men of this department been conspicuous with their beauti- ful wreaths of flowers and their drum corps, but their friendly aid and active co-operation, each recurring season, have con- tributed largely to the success of the annual parades. The Atlanta Police Department deserves special mention in the his- tory of the Atlanta Memorial Association. This splendid body of men, under the leadership of Chiefs A. B. Connally and J. W. Ball, have preserved order, marched in our processions, taken up collections at the gates, and in all matters have contributed to the magnitude of our annual parades. The Memorial Association has always received the cordial and efficient support of the Atlanta newspapers, and much of its good work should be credited to this powerful agency. The Military Companies, comprising the Fifth Regiment of Georgia State Troops, under the command of Colonels John S. Chandler and A. P. Woodward, and the Atlanta Artillery, Oovernor's Horse Guards, together with several cadet corps, have rendered appreciated and valued assistance on Memorial days. The officers and men have formed a conspicuous part of each procession, and have marched with firm step and steady purpose to show that they revere and appreciate the unexcelled martial ^lory of the dead heroes who sleep in Oakland Cemetery. Confederate Veterans. The several camps of Confederate Veterans have always taken an active part in Memorial exercises. They have taken part in the management, have worked unceasingly and their part of each parade has been an inspiration. The Sons of Veterans and Children of the Confederacy have been faithful and vigilant in Confederate work, and on Memorial Days have had their places and their duty filled up to the measures of full display of that devotion which insures the continuation of Memo- — 103 rial days when their elders shall have passed to the Great Be- yond. No proper synopsis could be written of the history of the Tjadies' Memorial Association which did not make special mention of the connection therewith of a number of ladies and gentlemen who have had no official connection with it. Among those not already named are ^Nfrs. J. Gadsden King, who for years has prepared and placed upon the monument a special wreath ; Mrs. E.L. Dunbar, of South Carolina, who has made an annual dona- tion of gray moss to drape the grounds; Major W. H. Hulbcrt, an official of the Southern Express Company, who has procured the kind offices of his Company for free transportation of flowers ; Captain W. H. Harrison, whose zeal and devotion to Confederate memories have placed him in the front rank of assistants in the good work; Dr. J. C. Olmsted, whose graceful pen has contrib- uted so much to Confederate literature; Captain F. M. Meyers; Colonel L. P. Thomas; Captain E. S. Osborn; Captain R, M. Cla}-ton and many other gallant ex-Confederates have been de- voted in their efforts to make Memorial day exercises all they have been in Atlanta. On the seventh day of May, 1897, Mrs. Evans, wife of General C. A. Evans, at a meeting of the Asso- ciation, offered a resolution providing for the appointment of a committee to correspond with every Memorial Association in Geo/gia, with a view of securing concert of action on all ques- tions relating to the objects and purposes of these organizations. This resolution was adopted, but the subsequent formation of "The Confederated Southern Memorial Association" so fully met the situation that the Atlanta Association gladly accepted membership in that organization, and cannot commend too highly the work of the Confederation, and unites with all others in promising cordial support to the able and patriotic impulses and acts of the officers of an organization which takes into its general supervision the care of the graves of our dead and the preservation for posterity of a correct account of their heroic deeds, and the lofty courage which prompted them. On Sunday morning, January 10, 1904, word was received in Atlanta that on the evening before General John B. Gordon had breathed his last at Bisca3Tae, Florida. At the suggestion of Mrs. William A. Wright, a meeting of the Ladies' Memorial Association was called for Monday, January the eleventh, in order that the association as a body might pay its tribute of respect to the dead Confederate Chieftain. — 104 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1868 by Ladies' Memorial Association. Griffen, Georgia. Previous to this meeting a telegram of sympathy had been sent to Mrs. Gordon by the President of the Association, Mrs. W. D. Ellis. At the meeting on Monday, Mrs. Wright intro- duced the following resolutions, which were unanimously passed r First. "That the Ladies' j\Iemorial Association of Atlanta begs of Mrs. Gordon the privilege of giving to General Gordon and herself a last resting place in the Confederate Memorial grounds at Oakland Cemetery. Second. "That a request to this effect be wired to Mrs. Gor- don at once." In accordance with these resolutions, the request was imme- diately wired to Mrs. Gordon. On Wednesday, January the thirteenth, after reaching Atlanta, Mrs. Gordon thanked the Association for the offer it had made, and accepted for her hus- band a resting place among his beloved comrades of the memor- able struggle of 1861-'65. On Wednesday, while General Gordon's body lay in state in the capitol at Atlanta, members of the Ladies' Memorial Asso- ciation were constantly present in the rotunda, receiving flowers, and performing all other services in their power. At the funeral on Thursday, January the fourteenth, places were reserved for the Association at the exercises in the House of Eepresentatives, at the services in the church, and in the funeral procession. Shortly after her return to Florida, Mrs. Gordon wrote the following letter to our President: "BiscAYNE, Fla., Jan. 2-i, 1904. "My Dear Mrs. Ellis — I wish to assure you and the ladies of the Memorial Association of my appreciation of the tribute paid General Gordon in your desire to have his body rest among his old comrades. No more appropriate spot could be found for his last resting place than among the martyrs of the Cause he loved so well. "Please also express to the ladies my heartfelt thanks for the beautiful floral offering. Very sincerely and cordially, "Fanny H. Gordon."-" Mrs. AV. D. Ellis. Inez Sledge, Secretary. — 105 — LADIES' MEMOKIAL ASSOCIATION, ATHENS, GEORGIA. This Association is the child of the Ladies' Aid Society of Confederate times, of which j\Irs. ]\Iyrtis Franklin was the first President. Xo one can estimate the number of destitute, suf- fering soldiers who were aided and encouraged by these noble women, who shipped to them great boxes of clothing, blankets and provisions. ]\Irs. Laura Cobb Rutherford was the second President of the Ladies' Aid Society, and when the banner was furled and many returned not, she determined that loving, enduring testimony should be paid the South's sacred dead. Mrs. Rutherford was elected President of the Ladies' Memorial Association, and held the position until her death, in 1888. Undaunted by the depression and destitution of those latter gloomy years of the sixties, she began the work of raising funds to erect a monu- ment to the Confederate dead of Clarke County. To the dis- couragement met with on all sides, she made the one quiet, resolute reply: "It must be done." Finally, after years of struggle and remarkable industry and patience, the noble mon- ument, telling its eloquent story, pointed its snowy, enduring column* to the sky. On the shaft bearing the following inscription are the names of the officers and soldiers of Clarke County who fell in the Confederate struggle: "Erected by the Ladies' Memorial As- sociation of Clarke County, 1872. True to the soil that gave them l)irth and reared them men, true to the traditions of their Revolutionary ancestors of high renown and hallowed worth; alike by instinct and by principle, cherishing the sentiments of home and country and the allegiance thereunto due as one and inseparable, these heroes — ours in the unity of blood and in unity of patriotism, struggled for the Rights of States, as held by the Fathers of the Republic, and by the Fathers as a sacred trust unto them bequeathed. The measure of their years suddenly completed in the fatal issues of battle, reached the consummation of earthly glory. By their death, last and lioli- est office of human fidelity possible to brave men, attesting their sincerity, vindicating their honor and sealing their integrit}% they won tlioir title to an immortality of love and reverence." The fame of Southern heroism is imperishably inscribed in — 106 — MRS. C A. ROWLAND, President Ladies" Memorial Association, Augusta, Georgia. Tliese ladies set to work promptly and energetically to carry out the purpose of their organization. They received the hearty co-operation of everj^ one, and soon had funds .sufficient to justify them in undertaking the first part of their great work, which was to put in order the graves of the Confederate soldiers who were buried in Augusta. These martyrs to the Southern Cause were gathered together wherever buried, and were interred in orderly arrangement in one of the choicest lots of the cemetery. Tlie lot was enclosed with a stone coping, planted with turf, and a fountain erected in the center. There were three hundred and thirty-seven graves, and at the head of each was placed a marble slab, bearing the name, regiment and State of the soldier who slept beneath. The Soldiers' Section became one of the most beautiful in the cemetery, and there, wliile tlie tlowcrs are in bloom, the sod is green with the growth of early spring, and the fountain plays its everlasting melody, the citizens gather on Memorial Day, and in the presence of the dead, lay their tributes of flowers and praise upon the graves of their departed heroes. ^larch, 1873, the Ladies' Memorial Association re-organized, with the following officers: President, Mts. M. E. Walton; Secretary and Treasurer, Mrs. John T. ]\Iiller; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. J. W. Adams. ^Mts. E. M. ^^^litehead, Mrs. Ann Anthony, ]\Irs. J. J. Cohen, ]\Irs. J. S. Lamar, Mrs. DeSaussure Ford, ]\Irs. H. W. Hilliard, Mrs. J. T. Derry, Mrs. John M. Clark. The association now turned its attention to the monument to be erected to the memory of the Confederate dead. Various means were used to raise fvmds for the purpose. In 1873 a Ijazaar was given and over $4,000.00 were realized from the en- thusiastic response of the people of Augusta. Concerts and lectures were given. Contributions were received, and money came in as fast as could be hoped for, considering the condition of the times. It is worthy of note that even the colored people contributed to tlie funds by two benefit performances of the ^'Cotton States Minstrels" of Augusta. This evidence of inter- est and kind feeling was much appreciaetd. Tbe police of Augusta gave a generous contribution to the Confederate ^lonument and render efficient service every JMe- morial Day. — 108 — The treasury was augmented by an excursion to Port Royal, S. C, to see the United States ISTaval Fleet. The officers en- tertained the ladies very hospitably, and they reciprocated by inviting them to attend a Centennial Leap Year party, to be given for the l^enefit of the Ladies' Memorial Association. They accepted, and made a very generous donation to the cause. ]\Irs. General Pegram, of Baltimore, Md., presented a beauti- ful banner to the Association, which was offered for contest to the most popular fire company of the city. Much rivalry was elicited by this means and a sum of $1,600.00 was added to the growing fund. By all these means in about three years the ladies had raised $17,331.34. This sum, added to what had been previously accumulated, and to what accrued by interest, reached finally the splendid total of $30,934.04, which was ex- pended upon the soldiers' section, the design and monument, and after all had been paid for in full there was a balance in the treasury of $579.68. Having raised the necessary amount, it was decided to erect a marble shaft somewhere in the city. At one of the fairs a vote was taken to decide the location. The majority was in favor of Broad street, between Jackson and IMoIntosh streets. In 1875 the Association advertised for de- .signs, and among the many submitted, that of Van Gunden & Young, of Philadelphia, Pa., was accepted. The design cost $500.00. The contract for the erection was awarded to Theo. Markwalter, of Augusta. The marble portion of the monu- ment was executed in Carrara, Italy. Before it was ready to be brought to Augusta, Congress passed an act admitting all works of art intended for public ornamentation to pass free of duty. The bill for this purpose was introduced in Congress by Hon. Alex H. Stephens, and seconded by the efforts of Col. Chas. C. Jones, Jr. While the bill was awaiting the signature of the President, the ship bearing the monument appeared in New York harbor, but in order to gain time it was directed to sail to Savannah, at which place it arrived after the bill was signed and became a law. In this way the monument entered free of duty and the Association was saved an expense of $1,713.90 for custom charges. The corner stone of the monument was laid in April, 1875. Mrs. F. A. Timberlake, President of the Memorial Associa- 109 — tion, and the foUowincr officers laid the first bricks of the. foundation: :Mrs. A. G. Whitehead, Mrs. Edward F. Camp- field, Mrs DeS. Ford, Mrs. M. B. Moore, and Mrs. John k. Clark. It -was indeed a novel sight to a large number of spect- ators to see the ladies, witli delicate, ungloved liands, hiving brick and handling the trowel, but it was a holy duty they per- formed — one most appropriate to the occasion and the sub- ject — that of rearing a shaft of marble in memory of the brav6 men who fought and died for a cause they considered just. To the invaluable aid of the press, the Ladies' ^lemorial As- sociation owe much of their success. October. 1878, monument unveiled. The oflficers at that time were: President, Mrs. F. A. Timberlake (formerly :Mrs. M. E. Walton); Secretary and Treasurer, *Mrs. John T. Miller; Vice-Presidents, *Mrs. J. M. Adams, *Mrs. E. M. WHiitchead, ♦Afrs. J. J. Cohen, *MrP. M. Campfield, Mrs. J. M. Clark, ♦Mrs. M. A. DantfortJi, Mrs. W. H. Barrett, Mrs. J. T. May, Mrs. M. B. Moore, Mrs. J. J. Thomas, Mrs, Bredenberg, *Mrs.. Eastlebury. The unveiling occurred in October, 1878. Upon both occa- sions there was a grand military and civic display, and ad- dresses were delivered by distinguished orators. Upon the lay- ing of the corner stone the address was delivered by Gen. Clement A. Evans, and upon the unveiling, it was delivered by Colonel Charles C. Jones, Jr. The monument stands seventy-six feet high. At the corner of the first section, twenty feet from the base, are heroic size marble statues of Generals R. E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, Thos. R. R. Cobb and W. H. T. Walker, representing the Confederate Cause, the State of Georgia and the County of Richmond, in which Augusta is situated. The second section contains has reliefs of Confederate emblems, the coat of arms of the Confederacy and of the State of Georgia. The obelisk proper rises gracefully to its commanding height and is surmounted with an heroic size private Confederate sol- dier, standing "at rest." The following appropriate inscriptions are engraven upon the tablets. On the north side: In Memoriam : "No nation rose so white and fair, None fell, so pure of crime." • Deceased. — 110 — ^^ CONFEDERATE MONUMENT. Unveiled 1878. Augusta, Georgia, On the south side: Worthy to have lived and known Our gratitude ; Worthy to be hallowed and held in tender remembrance ; Worthy the Fadeless Fame which Confederate Soldiers won. Who gave themselves in life and death for us ; For the Honor of Georgia, For the Rights of the States, For the Liberties of the People, For the Sentiments of the South, For the Principles of the Union, As these were handed down to them By the Fathers of our Common Country. On the east side: Our Confederate Dead. On the west side : Erected A. D., 1878, By The Ladies' Memorial Association of Aagusta, In honor of the Men of Richmond County, who died In the Cause of the Confederate States. The monument was unveiled in five and a half years after it was undertaken by the Association. It is justly considered one of the handsomest in the South, and stands to-day "the pride of Au^ista and c}Tiosure of every Confederate eye." The Association also contribuled $150.00 to the fimd for the erec- tion of a monument to the memory of Jefferson Davis. Mrs. John T. ]\Iiller. who had served the Association as Sec- retary and Treasurer until 1883, removed to another city. Her position was then filled by Miss Anna Thew iintil 1885, when she resigned, and Mrs. J. Jefferson Thomas was elected and held the office until 1892, when she also changed her place of residence, and was succeeded by Mrs. C. A. Kowland. Mrs. F. A. Timberlake, after holding the office of President of the Association for twenty-seven years, resigned in Septem- ber, 1900. She was held in such high esteem and love, and her faithful and efficient services were so highly appreciated that she was made Honorary President of the Association. Mrs. — Ill — C. A. Kowland was elected to succeed her as President, and Mts. John W. Clark iKKiame First Vice-President, and Miss Mary A. Hall, Secretary and Treasurer. Mrs. Rowland, who was iliss Kate Whitehead, of Burke County, is from one of the oldest Georgia families, and ihirinix her young wo- manhood, under the guidance of her mother, Mrs. A. G. Whitehead, did loyal work for the Soldiers' Wayside Home at Millen, Ga., of which her mother was one of the founders and officers. She was married during the stormy j^eriod of the se- cession to I\Ir. C. A. Kowland, of Augusta, Ga. While he was fighting under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, in that masterful re- treat through Tennessee and Georgia, she was a devoted worker in making hospital and soldier supplies at the Wliitehead fam- ily home, the well-known Ivanhoe Plantation, in Burke County. Mrs. Rowland was in the midst of sharp fighting during these last days of the Confederacy and describes vividly many of the stirring scenes. Among these, she tells of standing with her mother on the front piazza of the old Whitehead home, with the rifle balls falling about their feet, while a cavalry fight raged in the grove in front of the house. A detachment of General Kilpatrick's cavalry had made their headqnarters at "Ivanhoe," and General Joe Wheeler, who was an intimate friend of the family, learning of their danger, at- tacked the enemy and ])ut them tb flight. Mrs. Rowland is an active and zealous worker and is looked up to as a willing leader in all things pertaining to the cause so dear to Southern hearts. The membership of the Association numbers between 900 and 1,000, it having been I'he plan of the Association, in its early organization, to make members of the Association all those who contributed to the fund for the monument. The children in t'he public schools at that time were also made members, giving a promise that they would make a wreath each year for the soldiers' graves on ]\remorial Day. Though many of these chil- dren are now grown and married, they are still true to the prom- ise made in their childhood, and each Memorial Day make a wreath to be placed on some soldier's grave. Though the plan of making the children members is discontinued, the Association, desiring to keep alive the interest in the hearts of the children, ^nsit the public schools each year just be- fore Memorial Day, and request each child to make a wTeath — 112 — for decorating the soldiers' graves on that sacred day, to which request they respond very generally. On April 26, 189-i, the officers of the Ladies' Memorial Asso- ciation organized the Augusta Chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy, and became members themselves, thereby insur- ing to their children the perpetuation of the work tliey have so nobly begun. There is now a branch of "The Children of the Confederacy" here, which has a good membership. The special work of the Association now is to care for the graves of our hero dead, and to keep alive the hallowed and cherished memories of the Southern Confederacy by the appro- priate observance of Memorial Day. In this they have the hearty co-operation of the Daughters of the Confederacy, the Confederate survivors and the State Military. The Association has raised, since its first organization, the sum of $20,934.04. The amount has been expended in the following manner: Soldiers' section, $2,606.46; design of mon- ument, $500.00; foundation and laying the corner stone of monument, $14,490.00; granite steps and coping, $1,185.00; making the total expenditure to date, $20,351.66, and the total cost of the monument, $17,331.34. These expenditures have all been promptly met by the Association, and the monument is notv paid for and complete. Mt. Marlcwalter, the contractor, deserves the greatest credit, and his work exhibits no fault nor flaw. Such then is the history of the Ladies' Memorial Asso- ciation of Augusta, Ga., an^ the vast crowd that gathered to assist at the imposing ceremonies of the unveiling of the monu- ment demonstrated the appreciation of the community for its loving labors. At the Fourth Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, held in N'ew Orleans, May, 1903, Miss Mary A. Hall, the faithful and efficient Secretary and Treasurer of this Association, was elected Historian of the Confederation. LADIES' MEMOKIAL ASSOCIATION, BRUNSWICK, GEOEGIA. Mrs. Maria Morris Madden, President of the Memorial As- sociation of Brunswick, Georgia, has been one of the most en- thusiastic Presidents in all the Southland; her zeaJ has known — 113— ,■■■■■' no abatement since the war. Fifteen years ago it was her privi- lege to organize the ]\Iemorial Association of Brunswick, Geor- gia. She has been the most ardent worker, and is to-day its principal support. For years she worked and planned, fight- ing against heavy odds; to-day she has her reward. The Asso- ciation is active and as truly patriotic as any to be found in the South. She is sustained by a few old ladies, and with their aid has erected a pretty monument' to perpetuate the memory of those who nobly fought and died for a Cause never to l>e for- gotten. The monument stands in our beautiful Hanover Park. The oflicors of the Association are: Mrs. Maria Morris Mad- den, President; Mrs. Sarah Price, Vice-President; Mrs. Fran- ces Smith, Treasurer; Mrs. Annie Hunter, Secretary. Mrs. Maria Morris Madden was bom May 9th, 1841, in Burke County, Georgia. Her family is one of the oldest and most prominent in Georgia. Her father was Captain William Charles Strother Morris, a wealthy planter; she inherits his patriotism. Though past the age for service, he raised a com- pany of one hundred men and joined Cobb's Legion in August^ 1861. The uniforms of this company were paid for by her uncle. Major John C. Poythress, of Waynesboro, Burke County, and in his honor the company was named the "Poythress Vol- unteers." They fought bravely through many battles in Vir- ginia and Maryland. Major Poythress was a very old and in- firm gentleman, aged seventy-five years. Captain Morris re- mained at the front, until impaired in health, he was forced to retire. Mrs. Madden's mother was Miss Susan Walker, of Burke County, Georgia, a most lovely and highly cultivated lady. Mrs. Madden married Adjutant General Thomas Spauld- ing Mcintosh, of Savannah, Georgia, July 3d, 1861. Major Mcintosh was killed at the battle of Sharpsburg on September- 17th, 1862. In 1868 slie married Dr. James M. Madden, of Florida. He was a graduate of the Tulane University at New Orleans, La., and was a surgeon in the Confederate army. Since her marriage to Dr. ]\Iadden she has lived in Bruns- wick, Georgia, known and loved by all. Her sincerity and utter freedom from all uiicliaritabloness has endeared her to many. She has a beautiful home and many objects in life to interest her, but few things are dearer to her heart than the care of tne Confederate graves. The money for the monu- ment was raised by entertainmonts and the annual dues of the — 114 CONFEDERATE IMONUMENT, Unveiled 1902. Brunswick, Georgia. members of the Memorial Association. The monument was unveiled on April 26th, 1903. Colonel Albert Cox was the orator on that impressive occasion. The only donation re- ceived was from Miss M. Lee, the daughter of our beloved Robert E. Lee. The City Council assisted us in laying the foundation of the monument. This monument is beautifully proportioned. It is twenty feet high, made of white stone On top IS a marble statue of a private soldier. The following inscriptions are on each side of the monument : ^ Confederate States of America. Lord, God of hosts, be with us yet. Lest we forget, lest we forget. Erected April 26th, 1902, Brunswick, Georgia. A tribute of love ' from the Ladies' Memorial Association to the heroes of the Confederacy of 1861 to 1865. "Gather the sacred dust of warriors tried and true, who bore the flag of a nation's trust, and fell in a Cause, though lost, still just, and died for you and me." In honor of the Confederate soldiers who died to repel unconstitutional invasion, to protect the rights reserved to the people, to perpetuate forever the sovereignty of the States. — 115 — LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. As the curtain rose on the great tragedy of the war between the States the women of Cohimbns, Ga., were prominent in the theatre of action, and during the four years struggle no women phiyed a more important part. In order to still minister to the wants and comforts of those dear ones, who for love of home and coantry had nobly gone to the front in their defense, some concert of action was necessary on the part of the women. In response to a call through the Daily Sun, a meeting of the ladies was held at Temperance Hall, May 2rst, 1801. At this meeting it was determined to organize a society, to be known as the Soldiers' Friend or Aid Society. Its objects were to provide food, clothing and hos- pital stores for the soldiers. Mrs. Absolom H. Chappell was elected President; Mrs. Robert Carter, Vice-President; Mrs. John A. Urquhart, Secretary; Mrs. Richard Patten, Treasurer. Another meeting to complete the organization was held next day at the Baptist Church, May 22d, 1861. Thus was perfected the organization of the Soldiers' Aid Society — destined to be- come an instrument of much good, and such a powerful and efficient organ that it is mentioned in the history of Columbus, Ga., by Thos. Gillxrt, in connection Avith the military com- panies formed and the manufactories of 1861. The work of the Soldiers' Aid Society was systematic, relia- ble and unselfish. Regular meetings were held at their rooms at the Perry House. Directresses were appointed weekly to cut out and supervise the making of garments for the soldiers. The Society was in communication in every available way with the boys at the front, and as their demands increased, these women rose to meet them. In response to an appeal from the Quartermaster General, "that every woman in the State of Georgia k-nit a pair of socks for the soldiers," the Aid Society gives notice, through the Daihj Times of December 30th, 1862, proposing to "pack and forward all socks sent in response to til is appeal." The work accomplished through the instru- mentality of this Society is almost incredible. In an official statement mention is thus made: "Received of the Soldiers' Aid Society 3,012 garments, 84 pairs socks, 695 garments^ 100 pairs socks." Another account reads as follows: — 116 — MRS. ROBERT CARTER, President Ladies' Memorial Association, I 866- I 898, Columbus, Georgia. " Dalton, Feb. 9, 1864. "Mrs. Roht. Carter. Pres. Soldiers' Friend Society: " Dear Madam — I liave the pleasure to acknowledge the second donation received from yovcv beneficent Society — 1,200 prs. of socks, 400 blankets, etc., etc. " J. E. Johnston." Other societies formed during the war, as well as private contributions, materially aided the Soldiers' Aid Society and increased its capacity for usefulness. Mention must be made of the " Florence Nightingale Young Ladies' Knitting Society," " The Patriotic Club " — while none the less zealous were Madame Bailini and her pupils; Profs. Chase and Clark, assisted by home talent, Harry McCarthy (the author of the " Bonnie Blue Flag"") ; the Empire Band under the leadership of W. A. Pond, in giving concerts ; Mrs. A. G-. Eedd, under whose direction the Christmas Tree yielded such a fruitage of dollars — as well as the tableaux vivant by Mrs. Anna Eina Thomas (afterward Mrs. Thos. Chapman). At first the sick and wounded soldiers were cared for in the homes of the members of the Soldiers' Aid Society, but as the number increased the need of a hospital was seen and felt. The explosion of a gunboat that was sent down the Chattahoochee River to protect the water ways rendered the hospital a necessity. On May 14th, 1862, the wooden building located at the corner of Broad and Thomas (now 9th Street), was loaned to the Soldiers Aid Society and bread-stuff donated by Mr. George W. Woodruff, bedding and furniture was pro- cured, and the building thus equipped served as a hospital during the remainder of the war. The place of meeting of the Soldiers' Aid Society was then changed from the Perry House to the cor- ner of Broad and Crawford (now 10th Street) in order to be near the hospital. The members became nurses — delicacies were prepared for the soldier patients; a new experience each day is theirs. With lips compressed they force back their tears, while the}^ write letters to distant and sorowing mothers, or soothe the fevered pillow; perhaps it is theirs to send a lock of hair to far away sweethearts; and, oftentimes prepare them for burial. With all this unusual experience they are giving direction for the practical affairs of the home in the absence of father and husband — ^bearing alike the burden of woman's devotion and of man's care. As the resources of the South grow less, we find an increase of donations made through the Soldiers' Aid — 117 — Societ)'. Is this strange ? It means that the plantation supplies are furnishing hospital stores, the wines from the cellars, the provisions from the pantries, and in many eases the actual neces- sities of life are sent from the homes of the Soldiers' Aid Society to strengthen and maintain those in the " deadly fight." Thus was woman performing her part in the service of her country in the time of war. The establishment of the Wayside Home near the Union Depot was an enterprise in a new direction, and gave the Soldiers' Aid Society tlie opportunity of furnishing food to the troops, in passing through, and also served as a hospital. It was not enough for these faithful women to send garments made by their hands and socks Icnit under their direction. It was not enough to cut up their carpets and make them into blankets to send to the soldier boys, or to deplete their houses of cherished brasses to mold into cannons. It was not enough to sit by the soldier's bedside through weary hours of anxious watching — not enough, not near enough. It was for them to keep burning the beacon light of hope in the fire damp of adverse odds, when " even God's Pro^^idence seemed estranged." Witness two circular letters. One written in 1861 and the other in 1864, urging and influencing the dowTihearted soldiers to re-enlist. To these letters signature after signature is afl&xed. The paper adds this legend, " for want of space many names are omitted." The first of these letters which follows was re-pu'l)lished in the Atlanta Journal, during the Confederate Ee-union in 1898, through the instrumentality of Jno. 0. Casler, of Oklahoma : " Soldiers — The President, Congress, the public press and your generals have told you their high estimate of your noble devotion in re-enlisting for the war. We also, as your mothers, wives, daughters, sisters and friends, claim the right to thank you. It is the grandest act of the revolution, and secures immor- tality to all concerned in it. It awakens anew the enthusiasm with which we began this struggle for liberty, and removes all doubt of eventual success. Such men in such a cause can not be overcome. In the dreariness of camp life you may have sometimes imagined yourselves forgotten or little cared for. Counting up your privations and danger you may have doubted their full appreciation and fancied that those wlio stay at home and risk nothing, while you suffer and bleed, are more esteemed than yourselves. We beseech you, harbor no sncli thought. You are constantly — 118 — ■present to our minds. The women of the South bestow all their respect and affection on the heroes who defend them against a barbarous and cruel foe. In the resolution to aid you, they are as firm and determined as you in yours, not to lay down your .arms until independence is won. When the sacred vow shall have been accomplished your reception by us, will more than attest our sincerety. It shall also be shown while the contest goes on, by our efforts to increase your comfort in the field and to lighten the burden of the dear ones left at home. For your stricken countr/s sake and for ours be true to yourselves and to our glorious cause. Never turn your backs on the flag, nor desert the ranks of honor, or the post of danger. Men guilty of such infamy, sell your blood and our honor and give up the Confederacy to its wicked invaders. In after years from genera- tion to generation the black title of tory and deserter will cling to them, disgracing their children's children. But no stigma like this will stain you and yours. Brave, patriotic, self-sacri- 'ficing in time of war, you will be honored in peace, as the saviors of your country and the pride and glory of your country women. We beg you to keep near your hearts these memorials of affection and respect, and to remember them especially in battle, and we invoke for you always the protection of a kind and merciful Providence. Mrs. S. C. Law, Mrs. Julia Brice, Mrs. Eosa Aubrey, Mrs. E. Hardaway, Mrs. Patten, Mrs. Buckley, Mrs. A. C. Flewellen, Mrs. A. B. Longstreet, Mrs. John Banks, Mrs. J. E. Hurt, Mrs. Goetchius, Mrs. T. M. Nelson, Mrs. Dexter, Mrs. H. L. Ben- ning, Mrs. S. C. Tarpley, Mrs. J. Dawson, Miss L. Eutherford, Miss S. Threewitts, Miss Anna Bennett, Miss Lou Hurt, Miss M. T. Shorter, Miss Eorrance, Miss Anna Leonard, Misses Shepherd, Mrs. C. Shorter, Mrs. James Warren, Mrs. T. Three- witts, Mrs. James A. Shorter, Mrs. William Woolfolk, Mrs. E. Patten, Mrs. E. Ware, Mrs. J. H. Gordon, Mrs. E. Q. C. Lamar, Mrs. E. P. Malone, Mrs. Eobert Carter, Mrs. D. Hudson, Mrs. M- D. Flournoy, Mrs. J. B. Hill, Mrs. A. A. Aber- crombae, Mrs. D. Ticknor, Miss C. Eagland, Miss E. Moffett, Miss M. E. Dawson, Miss B. Hardwick, Miss Anna Tyler, Misses Malone, Misses Hardaway, Mrs. L. E. Carnes, Mrs. B. Gordon, Mrs. M. A. Flournoy, Mrs. Vir- ginia Sneed, Mrs. Fersruson, Mrs. E. Shepherd, Mrs. Eodgers, Mrs. M. Meigs, Mrs. D. Moffett, Mrs. Aug. Ekskine, Mrs. L. Illges, Mrs. A. Shepherd, Mrs. C. Walker, Mrs. Wm. Chambers, "Mrs. Anne Dawson, Mrs. M. E. Shorter, Mrs. E. Munnerlyn, Mrs. J. A. Strother, Miss Eodgers, Miss Tarpley, Miss Lila Howard, Miss Buckley, Misses Ellington, Misses Benning, Mrs. E. E. Hodges, Mrs. Seaborn Jones, Mrs. P. H. Colquitt, Mrs. Shoaf, Mrs. L. ^r. Gale, Mrs. G<}orge AVoodrufl:', ]\Irs. C. J. Wil- liams, Mrs. C. T. Abercrombie, Mrs. A. G. Eedd, Mrs. John Carter, Mrs. Kobert Carter, Mrs. S. E. Wilkins, Mrs. L. G. Bowers, Mrs. H. Burnham, Mrs. A. Lowther, Miss C. F, Har- groves, ;Miss Sue Banks, Miss Anna Fors}'th, Miss Mary Hodges, Miss M. M. Gordon, Miss V. Mason, ]\Iisses Abercrombie. The second letter was to the Army of Tennessee, in Decem- ber, 18G4, and was republished in the Enquirer Sun, Feb. 2, 1902. The following is the address: "Soldiers of the Army of Tennessee: "The ladies of Columbus, fully aware of the severe reverses which have befallen you in Tennessee, but appreciating the matchless valor so often displa3^ed by you, ever mindful of the noble patriotism which has enabled you to undergo hardships and privations of no ordinary character — cherishing the he- roic and chivalric bearing exliibited by you on every field, from Shiloh to Franklin, bid you God speed in the task you have as- sumed. The country may become demoralized, but the women and army will ever be undismayed and undaunted. Human courage approaches perfection only when it can calmly look into the face of danger. It has been your fortune to exiiibit this high type of manliness in a marked degree. Confronted by a foe always numerically superior, you have disputed every inch of the territory with him and retired only when bravery availed nothing. Thank God, the spirit that animated the martjTed dead who have fallen in this contest for freedom still lives within you. We have no fears for the future. Our honor and welfare are in the keeping of brave hearts and strong arms. Debarred from sharing with you the dangers of the battlefield, our prayer shall follow you, and history, in recording your virtues, will write in letters of living light. They Exdured And Conquered. There are attached to this address the names of a large num- ber of the best known women of Columbus. Many of them are now dead. In the list printed below a star indicates that the signer is now dead. There is a note at the bottom of the list which says that "for want of space man}' names are omitted." The list is as follows : — 120 — f MRS. LOUIS F. GARRARD, President Ladies' Memorial Association, Columbus, Georgia. *Mrs. Seaborn Jones, *Mrs. Henry L. Benning. *Mrs. S. K. Hodcres. Sr.. *Mrs. Eichard Patten, *Mrs. A. F. Marshall, *Mrs. J. W. McAllister, *Mrs. Charles Williams, *Mrs. Elizabeth G. Howard. *Mrs. Thacker Howard. Sr., *Mrs. A. S. Eutherford^ *Mrs. H. T. Hall, Mrs. E. J. Hunter, Mrs. J. Collier, *Mrs. J. Fogle, *Mrs. Wylie E. Jones, *Mrs. A. E. Shepherd, *Mrs. Charles Eodgers, *Mrs. Davenport P. Ellis, *Mrs. Calvin John- son, *Mrs. A. deLaimay, Mrs. James Eanldn, ]Mrs. Eobert Lock- hart, *Mrs. Goettinger, *;Mrs. Eichard LocLhart. Sr., *Mrs. Anna. Thomas, *Mrs. E. B. Gunby, Mrs. Henry Mitchell, *Mr3. W. H. Yoimsf. Mrs. William Eawson, *Mrs. Josephns Echols, Mrs. Charles Harrison. *Mrs.( Dr.) Woodruff. Mrs. Charles Dex- ter. Mrs. Kittrell Hodo-es. *Mrs. William Gray. *Mrs. Charles EUis, Mrs. K. J. B. Backnam, Mrs. Frank Dillard, *Mrs. Thos. Speer, Mrs. Charles Eedd, Mrs. Wm. Eedd, *Mrs. A. G. Eedd, *Mrs. (Dr.) Boswell. Mrs. A. H. Chappell. *Mrs. Grigsbv E. Thomas, Mrs. Angnstns Shingienr. *Mrs. H. Moffett, Mrs. E. L. Winn, *Mrs. L. Beach, *Mrs. James Shorter, *Mrs. Henry Meisrs, Mrs. Aubrv, Mrs. Jnlia Brice, *Mrs. James K. Eedd^ Mrs^L. W. IsbeU. *Mrs. E. J. Moses. Mrs. (Eev.) C. K. Marshal, *Mrs. (Eev.) W. P. Harrison. *Mrs. (Eev.) J. H. Devotie. Mrs. E. M. Hisfffins. Mrs. Hawkes, Mrs. Hardin, Mrs. Martin J. Craw- ford. Mi^s. Bennett. Mrs. M. P. Turner. Mrs. Shaff. *:\[rs. Brad Chapman. Mrs. S. S. Scott, *Mrs. J. Ehodes Browne, *Mrs. John D. Carter. Mrs. J. E. Mott. Mrs. John Bass, *:\Irs. A. E. :Mc- Kendrie, *Mrs. W. W. Eobinson. Mrs. A. DeMoss. Mrs. C. G. Holmes, *Mrs. Alex McDonsrald. *Mrs. (Dr.) Billing, *Mrs. E. B. Murdoch, *Mrs. E. S. Greenwood, *:\[rs. E. E. Goetchins, *Mrs. M. P. Ellis, *Mrs. M. H. Dessau, *Mrs. Thomas Chillers, *Mrs. Sterlins: Grimes, *Mrs. David Adams, Mrs. J. W. King, Mrs. John Kyle, *Mrs. J. F. Eidgeway, Mrs. Wm. Clark. ]\rrs. C. J. Tisdale. *Mrs. Eobert Carter, *Mrs. John Floumoy, *Mr3. Yan Lennard, Sr., *Mrs. John A. Jones, *Mrs. John Ferguson, Mrs. Tarplev, Mrs. Bncklev, Mrs. Wm. Woolfolk, Mrs. Joe Woolfolk, Mrs.(Dr.)TicknorrMrs. Torrev, Mrs. Geo. Woodrnff, *Mrs. James Chambers. Mrs. C. M. Walker, Mrs. J. F. Winter, Mrs. E. Abercrombie, Mrs. Sallie Wilkins, *Mrs. John Colbert, ♦Mrs. Edward Shepherd, Mrs. John Banks. *Mrs. E. L. Bard- well. *Mrs. John Dawson. *Mrs. T. B. Threewitts, *Mrs. Chas. F. Hopkins, Mrs. A. C. Flewellen, *:Nrrs. Earlv Hurt, *Mrs. Pev-ton Colquitt. Mrs. J. W. Warren. *:\[rs. L. G. Bowers. *Mrs. Wm. Bedell. *Mrs. J. A. Tvler. *Mrs. Frank :\Ialone. *Miss Liz- zie Eutherford, *Miss Lila Howard. *Miss :M. Marshal. *Miss Hettie McAllister, Miss Mary Hodges, :\risses Patten, Misses Williams, ^Misses Benning, Misses DeLaunay, Misses Euther- ford, Miss Mattie Fogle, Misses Speer, Misses Ellington, Miss Anna Forsyth, Miss Callie Hargroves, ^liss Lou Spencer, Miss * Deceased. — 121 — Susie Briggs, Miss Mollie ^lurdock, Miss Rebecca Chappell, Miss Gertrude Dillard, Miss Kate Humphries, *]\riss Julia Evans, Miss I'annie King, Miss ^famie Bethune, ^liss Susie Robert- son, ]\Iiss Cleghom, ]\[issos Marshal, Misses Hardaway. Misses Robinson, Misses Boswell, Miss McDougald, Misses Shivers, *]\Iisses Kimbrough, Miss Anna Lennard, ]\Iiss Mary Chambers, Misses Banks, Misses Tyler, Miss Shepherd, Miss Eliza Moses, Miss Nina Moses, *Miss Anna Bennett, *Miss Mollie Thomas, ^Misses Ragland, i\Iisses Hardwick, Mi^s E. Colbert, Miss An- nie Grimes, ^liss Munn, ]\[iss Theresa Shorter, Miss Hennie Meigs, Miss Johnnie Grant, Miss Annie Torrey, ]\riss Alice Gray, !Miss Warnie Chapman, *Miss Sallie Davis, Miss Julia Carter, Miss Georgia Warren, Misses Garrard, Miss Mitchell, Misses Abercrombie. In 1899, :\Iajor A. C. Crawford, Adjutant of Jeff. Davis Camp, United Confederate Veterans, of Birmingham, Ala., en route for the Charleston Reunion, entered the coach chartered by Camp Benning, of Columbus, Ga. He inquired if any of the Tyler family were aboard. Mrs. E. Gray {nee Alice Tyler) re- sponded. She presented the Major to Miss A. 0. Benning, Presi- dent Lizzie Rutherford Chapter, United Daughters of the Con- federacy. Major Oxford told of his first acquaintance with the Tylers, — how, when Wheeler's Cavalry was encamped on the hills* of the east commons, on the skirts of Columbus, he was returning one day to headquarters, when a little boy ran after him saying: "Mr. Soldier, my mamma says won't you come to — to — dinner?" "Mr. Soldier" accepted that and many suc- cessive invitations. Major Oxford continued — "God bless the noble women of Columbus, — that letter of theirs in 186-i caused thousands of heart-sick soldiers to re-enlist. I myself held the lightwood knot, while General Beauregard read it to them that night in Columbus. I have kept it from that time, all spotted with pitch that dropped on it as the General read." Then :i promise was made to send it to the two ladies, that they, too, might read the original. The promise was kept, and after its careful reading it was returned to the owner, IVIajor Oxford, with the request that he bequeath it to Lizzie Rutherford Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. Almost immediately back came the treasured letter, beautifully framed, to be pre- sented, through Mrs. M. E. Gray, to the Chapter, in behalf of Major Oxford. To-day it adorns the walls of the Bivouac of Camp Benning 511, — where the Veterans, Memorial Asociation, * Deceased. — i22 — Lizzie Eutherford Chapter, United Daughters of the Confed- eracy, Paul J. Semmes Chapter Children of the Confederacy, hold vigil to Dixie. After the Crucifixion of the Confederacy, in April, 1865, the Soldiers' Aid Society had no soldiers to aid. All that is left to them of this savior of National Eights is the sepulchre. Verily these Marys guard their dead. No money is theirs to buy a marble slab, or even a wooden marker, but here she transplants the choicest flowers of her garden and conse- crates them with her tears. From the ruins of a government building burnt by the Federal General, Henry G. Wilson (after the surrender of General Lee), the young girls, in their soft, white arms, bring the smoky, grim, broken bricks reverently, and tenderly they outline with them, the narrow bed where the sol- diers sleep their last sleep. The Ladies' Memorial Association, like the Phoenix, rose from the ashes of the Soldiers' Aid So- ciety, which was consumed in the fires that burnt the Confed- eracy. The parent organization was born under the shadow of the altar of the Baptist Church, May 21st, 1861. The IMemo- rial Association was organized at the home of Mrs. John Tyler, early in 1866. The faithful, untiring, efficient, unselfish work of the Soldiers' Aid Society would form a chapter of its own. After the cessation of hostilities the thought that stirred their hearts was that of beautifying the last resting place of those who. had died in hospital or home. They had already assumed the care, and regular times of meeting were appointed to work in the lots, in Linwood Cemetery, that has been set apart by the city as the Soldiers' Eeserve. On one occasion, in 1866, the ladies had been there at work with city carts under their direc- tion. As two of them strolled leisurely homeward, late in the afternoon. Miss Lizzie Eutlierford said to her friend, Mrs. Jane E. Martin, that "she thought it would be well to set apart one day to be annually observed as a Memorial to the Confederate Soldiers, and to place flowers on their graves." ]\Irs. Martin re- plied, "she thought the idea a beautiful one," and, on meeting Mrs. Jones, the widow of Colonel John A. Jones, of Columbus, Ga., the three conversed together, and Lizzie Eutherford told of her idea of a "Memorial Day." She stated in substaance, that as Secretary of the Soldiers' Aid Society, she would have to call a meeting of the Society to decide what disposition to make of the hospital property, and at that meeting the subject could be freely discussed. This meeting was subsequently held at the> 123 — home of :Mrs. Jolm Tyler. The suggestion of a Memorial Day met with favor among the members, and it was adopted so quickly that it seemed a simultaneous throb from every heart. The Soldiers' Aid Society resolved itself into the Ladies' Memorial Association of Columbus, Ga. At this meeting Mrs. Eobert Carter, the President of the Soldiers' Aid Society, was made President of the Memorial Association, and continued in that office, until her death, January 17th, 1898. Mrs. Robert A. Ware was elected First Vice-President, and continued in thaii office from 1866 until the date of her death, January 30th, 1896. Mrs. J. A. McAllister was at this meeting made Second Vice- President, and continued in this office until the date of her death, 1895. Mrs. Qharles Williams was made Secretary. Mrs. Richard Patten, the Treasurer of the Soldiers' Aid Society, was elected Treasurer of the Memorial Association, which office she held until her resignation, in 1873 — ^when she was succeeded by Mrs. Dexter, the present Secretary. There were present at this meeting Mrs. John Tyler, Miss Anna Tyler, Miss iMary Tyler, !Mts. Robert Carter, j\Irs. Robert A. Ware, Mrs. McAllister, ^Irs. W. G. Woolfolk, ]\rrs. Charles Dexter, Mrs. Richard Patten, and Mrs, Charles Williams. (IVIrs. Woolfolk and Mrs. Dexter are sole sur\'ivors of this meeting.) The Secretary, ]\Irs. Williams, was requested by the ]\Iemorial Association to ask the aid of the press and to make an appeal to all the Soldiers' Aid Societies throughout the South to become Memorial Associations, and thus give their co-operation in making Memorial Day, April 26th, a general custom, the Sabbath of the South. The eloquent pen of the Secretary inspired the press and touched the hearts of the people. Like the soft hope that spread over the earth on the morning of the resurrection, so the soft light of this sentiment shone over Dixie, and when April came, love wreathed her roses where the soldiers sleep. Letter of Mrs. Charles Williams, Secretary Memorial Association- ix 1866. -"Columbus, Ga., March 12, 1S66.— Messrs. Editors: The ladies are now and have been for several days engaged in the sad, but pleasant duty of ornamenting and improving that por- tion of the City Cemetery sacred to the memory of our gal- lant Confederal/^ dead, but we feel it is an unfinished work un- — 124 — I. Mrs. C. E. Dexter, 2. Mrs. Jane E. Ware Martin^ 3. Mrs. Robert A. Ware, Sr , 4. Mrs. Richard Patten, Columbus, Georgia. less a day be set apart annually for its especial attention. We can not raise monumental shafts and inscribe thereon their many deeds of heroism, but we can keep alive the memory of the debt we owe them by dedicating, at least one day in each year, to embellishing their humble graves with flowers. Therefore, we beg the assistance of the press and the ladies throughout the South to aid us in the efforts to set apart a certain day to be observed, from the Potomac to the Eio Grande, and be handed down through time as a religious custom of the South, to wreathe the graves of our martyred dead with, flowers ; and we propose the 26th day of April as the day. Let every city, town and village join in the pleasant duty. Let all alike be remem- bered, from the heroes of Manassas to those who expired amid the death throes of our hallowed cause. We'll crown alike the honored resting places of the immortal Jackson in Virginia, Johnston at Shiloh, Cleburne in Tennessee, and the host of gallant privates who adorned our ranks. AD did their duty, and to all we owe our gratitude. Let the soldiers' graves, for that day at least, be the Southern Mecca, to whose shrine her sorrowing women, like pilgrims, may annually bring their grateful hearts and floral offerings. And when we remember the thousands who were buried with their martial cloaks around them, without Christian ceremony of interment, we would in- voke the aid of the most thrilling eloquence throughout the land to inaugurate this custom by delivering, on the appointed day this year, a eulog}^ on the unburied dead of our glorious South- ern army. They died for their country. Whether their country had or had not the right to demand the sacrifice, is no longer a question of discussion. We leave that for nations to decide in future. That it was demanded — that they fought nobly, and fell holy sacrifices upon their countr3^s altar, and are entitled to their country's gratitude, none will deny. " The proud banner under which they rallied in defence of the holiest and nOblest cause for which heroes fought, or trust- ing women prayed, has been furled forever. The country for which they suffered and died has now no name or place among the nations of the earth. Legislative enactment may not be made to do honor to their memories, but the veriest radical that ever traced his genealogy back to the deck of the Mayflower, could not refuse us the simple privilege of paying honor to those who died defending the life, honor and happiness of the — 125 — Southern Women/' The first Memorial address ever delivered in the United States in honor of the soldiers who fought in the war between the States, was delivered in Columbus, Ga.,. April 26th, 1866, by Colonel James M. Eamsey. He was a prominent lawyer in this city, and was a veteran of the war with rank of Colonel. The address was delivered in St. Luke M. E. Cliurch (an liistoric building which lias recently been re- moved to give place to a modern structure). After prayer, by Rev. J. W. Neill, of the Presbyterian Church, Colonel Ramsey was introduced by Rev. J. 0. A. Clarke, of St. Paul M. E. Church. Professor George W. Chase presided at the melodeon, and a choir composed of voices from the different choirs in the town rendered appropriate music. In the afternoon the pupils of the Rev. Mr. Mcintosh and Rev. Mr. Saunders' schools formed in line at St. Luke Churc'i and marched to the cemetery; other schools were in the proces- sion. Every member bore a wreath to be placed upon some soldier's grave. Through the kindness of Messrs. D. E. Wil- liams & Co., Howard, Disbrow & Co., vehicles were furnislied to the ^Memorial Association, and to the citizens in general, free of charge, and everybody carried flowers. A whole city uniting in a work of love. In this first memorial observance there was nothing to keep alive the paission of war, for to study its les- sons is prudence, to profit by its teachings is ■wisdom, and to let its animosities actuate is madness. Tlie sacred, solemn duty was performed by hearts beating warm with kindly memories — memories of their dead. Thus may the 26th be observed as long as flowers grow and the memory of brave deeds last. The list of orators on subsequent occasions is as follows : Dr. C. F. Colzey delivered the address in 1867, at Temper- ance Hall ; ^Fajor R. J. Moses, from the Cenotaph, in the cem- etery, in 1868; 1869. at the Cenotaph, Judge J! F. Pou; 1870, Temperance Hall. Hon. Thomas W. Grimes; 1871, Springer Opera House. Charles H. Williams; 1872. Springer Opera House. W. A. Little; 1873, Springer Opera House, Captain Jas. J. Slade; 1874, Springer Opera House. ex-]\Tayor Sam Cleg- horn; 1875, Springer Opera House, Thos. H. Hardeman; 1876, Springer Opera House, Hon. Henry H. Hilliard; 1877, Springer Opera House, Captain J. A. McCloskey; 1878. Springer Opera Housp. William IT. Chambers; 1879, Monument. Governor Al- fred H. Colfpiitt; 1880. Springer Opera House. Lionel C. Ivevy; 1881, SpringfT Opera House. Captain Rcose Crawford; 1882, Springer Opera House, Rev. S. P. Calloway; 1883, Springer — 12C — Opera House, G. E. Thomas, Jr. ; 1884, Springer Opera House, Major R. J. Moses; 1885, Springer Opera House, Henry R. Goetchius; 1886, Springer Opera House, T. J. Chappell; 1887, Springer Opera House, Charleton E. Battle; 1888, Springer Opera House, Captain Price Gilbert; 1889, Springer Opera House, J. Harris Chappell; 1890, Springer Opera House. Hon. Fulton Colville; 1891, Springer Opera House, Captain W. E. Wooten; 1892, Springer Opera House, Captain J. D. Little; 1893, St. Luke M. E. Church, Hunt Chpley; 1894, Springer Opera House, Judge John Ross; 1895, Springer Opera House,. Lionel C. Levy; 1896, Springer Opera House, Rev. W. A. Car- ter; 1897, Springer Opera House, Robert M. Howard; 1898, Springer Opera House, Henry R. Goetchius; 1899, Springer Opera House, Albert H. Allen; 1900, Springer Opera House, Lucien Knight; 1901, L^'-ceum Hall, Captain Peter Preer; 1902, Lyceum Hall, Rev. W. E. Ray; 1903, Springer Opera House, A. P. Persons. Columbus had from her storehouse of Patriotism contributed two Generals to her country's service — Henry Lewis Benning and Paul J. Semmes. The former had been permitted to re- turn to his family and friends, from the scene of the conflict and carnage of war. The latter had fallen mortally wounded at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3rd, 1863, and died July 9th, having been removed to Martinsburg, Virginia. It was greatly desired on the part of the Memorial Association, as well as the citizens of Columbus, that his remains be removed from Vir- ginia, and laid to rest in Linwood Cemetery, by the side of his comrades. To accomplish this Dr. W. J. Fogle left for Mar- tinsburg, Va., April 2nd, 1868. He had no difficulty in locating the grave of General Semmes, as it had been marked by a board bearing the name and date of death. The remains reached Columbus, Thursday, April 23rd, 1868, and were escorted to the Presbyterian Church by a guard of honor, composed of the surviving members of the Columbus Guards, where it lay in state in the vestibule until Saturday evening, April 25th, 1868. The casket was covered by a beautiful pall, tbe gift of Mrs.. Laura B. Comer (an honorary member of the Columbus'- Guards), and a silken flag, bearing the Coat of Arms of Geor- gia, with the picture of General Semmes standing in company uniform as sentinel. The whole covered with beautiful flow- ers and wreaths. The sentinels to guard the bier were Major W. F. demons. Captain J. M. Bivins, . and Captain Thomas Chaffin. The funeral obsequies were held Saturday evening., — 127 — at 3:30 o'clock. One hundred and fifty soldiers were in line as military escort. Dr. Robert A. Ware was marshal, and Cap- tain Roswell Ellis, Assistant Marshal. The Empire Band headed the procession, then came the surviving members of the City Light and Columbus Guards, marching in column by platoons, following came the hearse and pall-bearers, the ladies of the Memorial Association, General Benning and staff. Col. ]\rartin J. Crawford, R. Thompson, and other Confederate of- ficers; Mayor Wilkins and tlie City Council, followed by a long line of carriages, making the entire line fully half a mile. The l)ody of General Semmes was deposited in the Sol- diers' Burial Ground, in tlie southeast corner of the cemetery. From the Cenotaph (a beautiful monument, erected by the Memorial Association), brief eulogies were delivered by Rev. William Hall, of the Presbyterian, and Dr. Devotie, of the Baptist Churches. The latter was the last Chaplain of the Columbus Guards, which Company General Semmes com- manded before he was made Brigadier General of the Army of Xorthern Virginia. The last rites were performed, and the nol)le dead left to sleep with the brave comrades that lie so thickly_ around him, no more to be disturbed until the Resur- rection Morn. Sophocles tells of the faithful Antigone, who risked her life to give her father and brother an honorable burial. She succeeded in sprinkling dust three times over their bodies, which was equivalent to sepulchre. Her peril was no more im- minent than was that of the Memorial Association, when they, in 1868, in the face of military rule, escorted the body of a Con- federate General through the streets of Columbus, and gave him a military burial. On this occasion one of the sentinels detailed to guard the bier, fearing the Memorial Association ■was going too far in their great desire to honor their dead, cau- tiously folded the draperies over the picture of General Semmes wearing the Confederate uniform. As soon as it was thus dis- covered one of the mem]>ers of the Memorial Association threw back the draperies, revealing the picture, exclaiming: "Let no one dare touch the work of the Memorial Association," A' Yankee officer who was heard to relate this affair in Macon, said the ladies of Columbus " were worse than hyenas ; that they dared to parade the Ijody of a Confederate General through the streets of Columbus and give him a military funeral, and we dared not molest them." Before the smoke of battle had cleared — 128 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Erected i88r. Columbus, Georgia. away a Georgia woman first of all said: "Let us build monu- ments to our Confederate Dead." It is not man's province, but woman's, to rear these remembrances. It was her smile that encouraged, her voice that cheered, her sympathy that followed like angels in the camp, the march, the seige. It was her hands that bound up the woundwS, her tears that consecrated the graves. Therefore, it should be hers to rear these evidences of devotion to country and Principle. Monuments to the Confederate Dead. The first monument erected in Columbus, by the Memo- rial Association, was a wooden structure, the Cenotaph, erected in Linwood Cemetery, in 1868. It was a poor expres- sion, yet none the less forcible, as it was reared in a city which had been reduced to ashes, and was in memory of those who fell, from Columbus. On its summit appeared the name of General Paul J. Semmes, and on the six sides appeared the names of six Colonels from Columbus, who fell on the field of battle. The officers' names appeared according to rank, en- rolled in scroll shape were the names of the privates. The sub- ject of a monument began to be agitated as early as March 10th, 1865, and a Monumental Club was formed to solicit funds to erect a monument. The Cenotaph was not durable, nor did it satisfy the Memorial Association. Their fondest hope began to materialize when a sum sufficient was raised by their inde- fatigable efforts and the foundation of the present marble shaft was laid. On April 2nd, 1879, the Memorial Association and friends assembled on Lower Broad Street, in the park, where the monument was to be located. Mrs. Robert Carter, Presi- dent of the Memorial Association, stepped down into the ex- cavation, and, with ungloved hands, laid the first brick in the foundation "in memory of the Confederate Soldiers." Mrs Robert A. Ware. First Vice-President, laid the second brick, ^'in memory of all members of the Memorial Association." The Secretary, Mrs. A. M. Allen, laid the third brick. Mrs. Charles Dexter, the Treasurer, laid the fourth. These were followed by : Mrs. M. A. Patten, Mrs. W. G. Woolf oik, placed a brick "in memory of Mrs. Williams. Mrs. Thomas Chapman, Mrs. Jane E. Martin, Mrs. Rosa Ticlmor placed a brick "in memory of Mrs. Lucy E. Camer." Mrs. Robert A. Ware placed another brick — 129 — "in memory of her friend, Mrs. Jno. D. Carter." Mrs. Bettie Tillman, "in memory of General Paul J. Semmes." Mrs. Reese Crawford, "in memory of her grandmother, !Mrs. Seaborn Jones." Miss Mary H. Benning, "in memory of licr mother, Mrs. Henry L. Benning." Miss Eosa Tyler, "in memory of her mother, ^Mrs. John Tyler, at whose home the Memorial Asso- ciation was organized." Mrs. M. R. Jones, "in memory of her sister, Lizzie Rutherford." Master Henry Benning Crawford, "in memory of his grandfather, General Henry L. Benning." Mrs. M. M. Moore, Mrs. L. M. Burrus, Mrs. J. A. Morton, Mrs. Jno. Peabody, Mrs. M. Williams, Miss Annie Patten, ^fiss Man- Hodges, Miss Annie May Bruce, Miss Mary Downing, Miss Fan- nie Peabody, Miss Mamie Fellows, Miss Corrie Tye, Miss Mamie Kivlin, Miss Sallie Martin, Master Willie Pope, Master Frank Peabody. The corner-stone of the monument was laid April 14th, 1879. Lionel C. Levj^ principal architect, making the address, and Most Worshipful Master James M. Mobley presiding. Much interest was manifested on this occasion and many people pres- ent. The monument was to have been in place by April 26th, 1879, but owing to an unaccountable delay on the part of the contractors, the shaft was not in position. The Memorial As- sociation made preparations for the unveiling of the monument and the Governor of the State invited to make the address. The Memorial Association were equal to this emergency, and on the pedestal that was to have held the shaft of marble, they built a beautiful floral monument, and there Governor Colquitt delivered the annual address in the presence of fully 5,000 peo- ple. The long procession of military and carriages wended its way to Linwood Cemetery, where flowers were placed on the soldiers' graves. The monument was finislied without the granite steps in June, 1879. It was decided the steps would add to the appearance, and a committee was appointed to raise the necessary amount. In 1881 tlie monument was completed at a cost of $5,000.00. The graves of the soldiers buried in Linwood Cemetery were marked by the Memorial Association with wooden head hoards in 1S(J7. Tliese were replaced by marble headstones in 1891, an order being given Messrs. A. M. Elledge & Co, for 500 head stones, aggregating $1,200.00. The Memorial Asso- ciation also marked witli two of these head stones the graves of Lizzie Rutherford, the Secretary of the Soldiers' Aid Society, — mo — and the suggestor of Memorial Day, and that of Mrs. Charles Williams, the first Secretary of the Memorial Association, whose beautiful letter to the press did so much towards establishing the custom. Contributions have been sent by the Memorial Association to aid in preserving the graves in other cemeteries. $100.00 was sent to Charlottsville, September, 1892, to mark the graves of Georgia soldiers buried there. Contribution to build the fence around the enclosure at Eesacca; to Mrs. Hobbs in Athens to defray expense of moving bodies of soldiers buried in that vicinity, to a place assigned them; to place a monument over Mrs. Alice Waterman, of Madison, Wis., who had from her private means cared for the graves of a large number of Confederate soldiers buried near her home; sent $50.00 to Eichmond to the Confederate Museum; $10.00 to the cemetery at Bull Eun to erect a monument to the soldiers who fell at the battle of Manassas. In 1887 the number of officers was increased to embrace a Vice-President from each denomination. These were as follows: President, Mrs. Eobert Carter; First Vice- President, Mrs. Eobt. A. Ware, from the Presbyterian Church; Second Vice-President, Mrs. W. G. Woolfolk, from the Episco- pal Church; Third Vice-President, Mrs. Eichard Patten, from St. Paul Methodist Church; Fourth Vice-President, Mrs. J. A. McAllister, from St. Luke M. E. Church; Fifth Vice-Presi- dent, Mrs. L. M. Burrus, from the Baptist Church; Secretary, Mrs. Jane E. Martin; Treasurer, Mrs. Clara Dexter. In 1893 it was decided to elect an Auxiliary Board, consist- ing of a President and Four Vice-Presidents. This was as fol- lows: President, Mrs. Eobert Carter; First Vice-President, Mrs. Eobert A. Ware; Second Vice-President, Mrs. M. A. Pat- ten; Third Vice-President, Mrs. W. G. Woolfolk; Fourth Vice- President, Mrs. J. A. McAllister; Secretary, Mrs. Jane E. Mar- tin; Treasurer, Mrs. Clara Dexter. Auxiliary officers: President, Mi-s. L. F. Garrard; First Vice-President, Mrs. Eeese Crawford; Second Vice-President, Miss A. C. Benning; Third Vice-President, Mrs. 0. S. Jordan; Fourth Vice-President, Mrs. A. A. Dozier; Secretary, Mrs. Jane E. Martin; Assistant Secretaries, Mrs. Joseph S. Harrison, Mrs. J. Norman Pease. The following is a list of officers and members of the Me- morial Association: — 131 — Present Officers — President, Mrs. Louis F. Garrard; Vice- Presidents — MrSf W. G. Woolfolk, Miss Anna Caroline Ben- ning, Mrs. Reese Crawford, Mrs. 0. S. Jordan, ]\[rs. A. Dozier; Treasurer, Mrs. Clara M. Dexter ; Secretary, Mrs. J. E. Martin ; Assistant Secretaries — Mrs. Joseph S. Harrison, Mrs. J. Norman Pease. (This is not a complete list. An earnest effort has been made to obtain the names of all the members, but this effort has not been successful. The list is arranged without reference to age or time. Many have married, and it was not possible in some instances to ascertain their present names. Some also are dead, but it was thought best that all names obtainable should be here recorded.) Adams, Miss Fannie; Allen, Mrs. A. M. (Sallie Bellinger); Backus, Miss Annie J.; Bailey, Miss Belle; Bailey, Miss E. II.; Banks, Miss Sue; Bennett, Miss Anna; Benning, Mrs. Henry L. (Mary Howard Jones) ; Benning, Miss Anna Caroline; Ben- ning, Miss Mary Howard; Blanchard, Mrs. McDufiie (Sarah J. "W.) ; Blanchard, Mrs, W. A. (Henrietta Seabrook) ; Bradford, Miss Mary; Brannon, Mrs. A. M. (Julia A. Fuller); Brooks, Miss Josephine; Browne, ^Irs. J. Rhodes, Jr. (Xina Young); Bruce, Mrs Henry (Deedcc Patten) ; Bruce, Miss ]\Iary Louisa; Bruce, Mrs. Wm. (Mary Louisa Jones) ; Bullard, Mrs. W. L, (Mary Blackmar) ; Burrus, Mrs. Lawrence M. ; Bussey, Mrs. Henry (Elizabeth Lucas) ; Byington, Mrs. E. T. (Ella Goode) ; Bynum, Mrs. (Emma Tyler) ; Camp, Mrs. L. A. (Annie Camp) ; Cameron, Miss Emma; Carter, Mrs. John D. (Zoono- mia Hoxey) ; Garter, j\Irs. Eobt. (Evelvn Page Nelson) ; Carter, Mrs. Eobt. E. (Belle Powers) ; Carter, Mrs. W. A. (Agnes Quigley) ; Chapman, Mrs. Brad. (Elizabeth ) ; Chappell, Mrs. L. H. (Cynthia Kent Hart) ; Cleghorn, Miss Sallie; Cody, Mrs. A. A. (Mary Rol>erta Williams) ; Comer, Mrs. Laura Beecher ; Cook, Mrs. Mary Elvira ; Copeland, Mrs. (Maggie Cook) ; Chancellor, Mrs. A. C. (Carrie Wynne) ; Carson, ]\Irs. Robt. (Ida Brannon); Cowdery, Mrs. Eveline; Cowder}', Miss Mattie; Curtis, 'Mrs. N. M. (Patty Welborne) ; Curtwright, Mrs. (Lizzie Muckefuss) ; Crawford, ^frs. Bennett (May Lowe) ; Crawford, Mrs. Reese (Augusta Jane Benning) ; Dexter, Mrs. Clias. E. (Clara M. Hodges) ; Dillingham, Mrs. Geo. (Anna Hall) ; Dismukes, Mrs. E. P. (Annie E. Forman) ; Downing, ]\[rs. L. T. (Lucv IJrquhart) ; Dozier, l^Irs. A. A. (Susio Morcland) ; Dozier, Mrs. All>ert (Mnry Cook); Ellis, Mr.s. Roswell (Lizzie Rutherford); Evans, :Miss Eula ; Evans, Mrs. F. H. (Dillie Waddell) ; Est^s, Mrs. Marion (Maggie Kir- ven) : Farish, Mrs. Robert (Helen Slade) ; Fogle, Mrs. Wm. (Sallie Rutherford); Fontaine, Mrs. Wm. (Laura Ynestrai) ; — 132 — I. Miss Anna Caroline Benning. 2. Mrs. Josepli Harrison. 3. Mrs. O. S- Jordan. 4. Mrs. Reese Crawford. Columbus, Georgia. Ticknor) ; Tieknor, Mrs. F. 0. (Rosa Nelson) ; Ticknor, Mrs. Geo. (Xora Stewart) ; Tigiier, Uts. W. F.; Tigner, Mrs. G. Y. (Johnnie Lindsay) ; Thomas, IVIiss E&telle; Thomas, Mrs. G. E. ; Thomas, Miss Mary J.; Torrence, Miss Harriet; Torrence, Miss Matihla: TvUt, i\Iiss Anna; Tyler, Mrs. John; Tvler, Miss Eosa; Waddell. j\[iss Bessie F.; Waddell, Miss Sallie N.; Ware, Mrs. R. A. (Margaret Ellison) ; Warner. Mrs. Chas. (Susie Swift) ; Watson, Mrs. H. L. (Annie Patten) ; Weems, Miss Lottie; Wells, Mrs. '^L E. ( Birdsong) ; Williams, Mrs. Chas. J. (Mary Ann Howard) ; Williams, Mrs. (Dr.) Chas. ( Beall) ; Worrell, Miss Kate; Worrell, Mrs. Jamos (Emma Bigsrers) ; Worrell, Miss Josephine; Woodruff, Mrs. Chas. (Mary Lou :\rott) ; Woodruff, Mrs. Geo. W. (Vir- ginia Lindsay) ; Woodruff. ]\[rs. Henry (Mav Patten) ; Wool- folk, Mrs. Wm. G. CMaria Byrd Xolson) ; Wright, Mrs. (Mary Bridges Murdoch) ; Yonge, ]\Irs. Ed. (Lucy Banks). In 1898 the official history as to the origin of Memorial Day and the ]\Iemorial Association was compiled. It was presented to the Lizzie Rutherford Chapter, U. D. C, on April 26th, 1898, by the mother ^lemorial Association. This occasion demon- strated the eyer increasing interest in Memorial Day — fully 1,000 people assembled at Springer's Opera House, where Mr. Henry R. G«ctchius made an eloquent address, and the following pro- gram was rendered : » Program. Fimeral March — Chopin, Prof. J. Lewis Browne. Prayer — Rev. W. A. Carter. Music — Who Will Care for Mother Now. Octette — Mrs. j\Iunn, Miss Hannah Crook, Miss Mary Kivlin, Miss L. 0. Seals; Messrs. J. Lee Harris, Ed. Cargill, J. Ral- ston Cargill, T. M. Hudson. Introduction of Speaker by Mr. Robert M. Howard. Memorial Address — Hon. Henry R. Goetchius. Music — The Vacant Chair. History of IMemorial Day — Presented to Lizzie Rutherford Chapter, I^. D. C, read by Mr. Frank Garrard. Music — The Conquered Banner, Miss Mary Kivlin. Recitation — Miss Maggie jMartin Harrison. Music — Let Us Pass Over the River (Stonewall Jackson'^ last words). ( Choru.s — Benediction — Rev. A. M. Wynn. — 131 — MRS. CHAS. J. WILLIAMS. Columbus, Georgia. Thus has the Memorial Association of Columbus, Georgia, acting upon the beautiful suggestion of Lizzie Rutlierford, aided by the eloquent pen o.' the Secretar}', Mrs. Charles J. Williams, inaugurated the custom of IMemorial Day. This custom so generally observed throughout the South, has been adopted by the North, and it has been made a National Day. Respectfully submitted, Sallie Marshall-Martin Harrison, Anna Caroline Benning, Committee. MRS. CHARLES J. WILLIAMS, COLUMBUS, GEORGIA. We present here the picture of Mrs. Charles J Williams, the first Secretary of the Ladies' Memorial Association, Columbus, Georgia. * Her thrilling appeal for the decoration of the graves of the Confederate heroes went out, the South responded enthusiastically, and to-day Memorial Day is universally observed. Mrs. Williams died in April, 1874. Owing to the fact that she had been a member of the Soldiers' Aid Society, and was always among the most prominent ladies in every good and generous work, the Columbus Guards, through their Captain, tendered their services to the family as a military escort during the funeral exercises, and the offer was accepted. The Company turned out in citizens' dress, with military caps. At the conclusion of the religious services at the cemetery the Company marched around the grave, each man dropping his floral tribute, until there was a mound of flowers. A salute was fired, and all that was good and noble and generous in this loyal Southern woman was laid to rest under the Spring flowers she loved so dearlv. — 135 — LADIES' :\IKMOT^IAL ASSOCIATION, M.MHSOX, GEORGIA. "All I the women ol" the Soutli I how hi'avc iIr-v were in the times that tried men's soiils ! Often sending the dearest treasure of their hleeding liearts without a tear to meet the foe. Fit com- panions they, for tlie noblest, purest patriots who ever laid their lives a priceless sacrifice upon their country's altar. Xor were they willing for these heroic patriots to pass into oblivion, for scarcely had the thunders of artillery died on our native hills, when a w^oman of the South, a daughter of the Empire State, said : ' Let us set apart a day hallowed to the nienioi-y of our fallen heroes and the South's immortal struggle,' and in all the years that have followed have the people of the South observed this sacred ^lemorial Day wath increasing devotion.*" The Ladies' Memorial Association, of Morgan County, Geor- gia, was organized in the Baptist Church, Madison, April, 1866, with the following officers: Mrs. Susan Dye, President; Mrs. Sarah B. Cook, ]\Irs. Augustus Reese, Vice-Presidents; Mrs. C. H. Sanders, now Mrs, Speer, Secretary. These ladies were the mothers and wives of gallant Confederate soldiers. The ven- erable President was the mother of Captain G. B. Knight, of the Panola Guard, one of the two volunteer companies of Madi- son that early responded to their country's call. She was a widow with two younger sons, both of -svhom were in the Con- federate army, and one of them, Martin Dye, gave his life for the cause. Mrs. Cook, who is still with us, revered and esteemed, at the advanced age of eighty-six years, gave both husband and son to her country. ^Irs. Reese was the mother of three boys who wore the gray; the fate of one w^as never known to the heart-broken but patriotic mother. Mrs. Sanders married dur- ing the war, the gallant young Captain obtaining a furlougli for that important event. The Georgia Fenuile College, or Baptist Institution, was an important factor in the history of Madison during the four years of conflict. From the granite steps leading to its imposing colonnade was presented, by one of its fair daughters, ^[iss Josio V. Thrasher (now Mrs. Overly), the flag to Captain G. B. Knight, of the Panola Guards, and his gallant speech of accept- ance is still lovingly preserved among her dearest treasures. •Extract of address delivered to Confederate Veterans, Memorial Day, 1903, by the writer. — 136 — As the war continued, carrying consternation and ruin through- out the entire Southland, this institution was closed, to be opened later as a liospital for sick and wounded soldiers. Its halls, once resounding with the music of girlish laughter, once proudly smiling at the tremulous flutter, the timid glance of the "sweet girl graduate," now alas ! echoed the groans of the sick and dying, and shuddering, saw Azrael slowly fold his sable wings as he kept grim watch o'er its gloomy walls. Another building in Madison, a cotton factory, whose busy hum of industry was silenced by war's relentless hand, became a prison and a hospital combined. Soon, alas! many mounds had been made on the hill side beyond the city cemeterj- — some of them marked with the pathetic word "Unknown." To this spot, known as the "Soldiers' Cemetery," wended each spring- time the ladies and children of Morgan Coimty on the 26th of April, silently covering with fragrant flowers these sleeping places of the brave. In a few years, some one suggested having an orator, and appropriate services, and since the organization of the Survivors' xlssociation, the veterans have marched each jear in a body to show their reverence for their fallen comrades. Ih 1878 the honored President of the Ladies' Memorial Asso- eiation, Mrs Dye, passed into the spirit world, and Mrs. Jas. A. Wade was elected to that office. Mrs. Sanders resigning as Secretary on account of ill-health, she and Mrs. W. H. Burr were elected Vice-Presidents. The writer, then Miss Mary Chiles, was elected Secretary, and with the exception of four different occasions, when not in Madison, has filled that office to the present time. The ladies acting as Secretary on the oc- casions mentioned were Mrs. L. B. Eeese, Mrs. M. A. Petut, Miss Sallie Johnston, now Mrs. Jas. T. Penn. and Mrs. Marv Stokes. The Association having no business to transact, its sole object being to provide appropriate services for Memorial observances on April 26th, the Secretary has never been in- structed to record any meetings, as the veterans gladly record, in the minutes of their Association, the proceedings of each Me- morial Day, For some years past the reading of the mortuary report of the Survivors' Association has been a part of the ser- vices on these occasions. In 1882 the city fathers, finding an- other cemetery a necessity, selected the present Westview Ceme- tery, and it was deemed expedient to remove the soldiers' re- mains to this new City of the Dead. By the earnest efforts of 137 — "Commodore" G. X. Dexter, a zealous veteran, marble head- stones mark each silent resting place. In 1889 the Ladies Me- morial Association became much entliused in tlie endeavor to erect a monument to the Confederate heroes buried here, and several entertainments were given, tlie proceeds of which, amounting to quite a sum, was lost by the unfortunate failure of the bank wliere the funds were deposited. Another effort for this object was made in connection with the Ladies' Garden Club, but that was also unsuccessful, thougli some money was given for this, an evidence of the proper spirit of patriotic ap- preciation. In 1892 Mrs. Wade resigned on account of her removal to Atlanta. Her resignation was accepted with deep regret, because of her lovely Christian character, which endeared her to all, and because of the great interest she ever manifested for I\Iemorial Day observances, her only son being with those who are "sleeping imder the lillies." Mrs. Joel A. Billups was elected to succeed Mrs. Wade as President; Mrs. L. B. Eeese, Mrs. M. A. Mustin, Mrs. G. B. Stovall, Mrs. M. P. Godfrey, Vice-Presidents; the writer was re-elected Secretary. These ladies retain their respective offices. Before the Memorial Day of '93 had dawned the pure spirit of our beloved Ex-Presi- dent, Mrs. Wade, had winged its flight to the eternal city of God, and on Memorial Day a simple tribute to her memory, prepared by the Secretary at the request of the present beloved President, Mrs. Billups, was read by Prof I. L. Williferd, and is preserved among the records of the Survivors' Association. Since the es- tablishment of public schools in Madison in 1896, the Board of Education very wisely require the pupils to take part in the exercises on Memorial Day; the children, therefore, furnish pa- triotic songs on these occasions, and add much to the beauty of the services, which are always held in the attractive and spacious auditorium of the elegant building for the school — itself a monu- ment to the taste and judgment of a Confederate veteran — M. A. Mustin. The Ladies' Memorial Association, at the suggestion of Mrs. M. P. Godfrey, assisted by the Daughters of the Confederacy, has recently greatly enlianced the beauty of the Soldiers' Ceme- tery, and these two patriotic organizations are earnestly endeav- oring to secure the necessary funds to erect a suitable monument to our sleeping heroes. Besides the ladies mentioned as officers in this Association, the following members have ever taken a — 138 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Erected 1898 by Ladies' Memorial Association, Dalton, Georgia. deep interest in any effort to preserve the sacred memories of the past: Mrs. A. G. Johnston, Mrs. J. E. High, Mrs. Jas. S. Hogue, Mrs. P. V. Carbins, and Mrs. J. V. Overly. One of the touching scenes of each Memorial Day is onr esteemed Presi- dent, with her lovely face and gentle manners, guiding her blind and feeble husband to his seat in the auditorium. The exercises on Memorial Day, 1903, were among the most interesting ever held. Governor Terrell was orator of the day and said that with the assistance of the patriotic people of the State he hoped to have the grave of every Confederate soldier suitably marked while he is Chief Executive of Georgia. The history of this Association would be incomplete without some allusion to a few of the veterans who have ever responded to any call for aid — often suggesting plans for making the exercises more impressive. Among those who have joined their sleeping comrades across the salient river is Dr. T. Preston Gibbs, full of enthusiasm and ever jealous for the memory of the Confederate soldier; Rev. S. A. Burney, the beloved chaplain of the Survivors' Asso- ciation, ever ready to aid in any effort to honor the memory of the "Southern Cause"; Jas. E. Chiles (the brother of the writer), whose ardent love for the Southern Independence caused the formation of the Survivors' Association of Morgan County, 1874. The gallant young South Carolian made the suggestion to Captain Charles H. Andrews, and by their efforts this Asso- ciation, the second in Georgia, Avas organized. So great was his interest in the Association that he held the office of Secretary from its origin until his death, in 1900. Of those who are still with us, Commodore G. N. Dexter, whose name is a synonym for zeal and enthusiasm, is always Marshal of the Day on Me- morial occasion, and is ever ready to assist the Ladies' Memorial Association. Captain Walter A. Wiley, the zealous and effi- cient iVdjutant of Morgan County Camp of Veterans, cherishes with deepest devotion and knightly sentiments the memories of the Southern Confederacy. Among the Sons of Veterans Charles A. Sanders has ever been most interesting and helpful in honoring the memory of the comrades of his father (the Cap- tain mentioned earliest in the sketch). These facts concerning the Ladies' Memorial Association of Madison, Morgan County, Georgia, have been written with the hope that the exalting sentiments which inspired the organiza- tion will never die, nor its object be abandoned while Southern women live to revere the loyal patriotism of Southern manhood. Mrs. Mary Chiles Ware, Secretary. LADIES' ME:\I0KIAL ASSOCIATION, MARIETTA, GA. The Marietta Memorial Association is a product of the Ladies' Aid Society of Marietta, and the old Georgia Memorial Associa- tion, the original Southern Memorial Association. In tlie early days of its work the organization was imperfect and its membership small, but the untiring zeal and patient and persistent efforts of the few made up for all deficiencies. The brave and loyal women who had ministered so faitlifully and tenderly to the needs of the living, both on the field and in the hospitals, could hardly fail in the crucial hour of death and defeat, nor have the years dampened the ardor of their devo- tion to the memories of the Southern Cause or their reverence for the '^oys who wore the gray." The only object of the Association is to care for the graves of the Confederate soldiers, and the one qualification necessary for membership is loyalty to the Southern Confederacy. The years have brought many changes, but as each faithful woman leading this band of loyal women, yielded to time's decree and surren- dered the work, others equally as devoted to the sacred cause have taken their places. Not the least of the permanent good accom- plish'ed by the organization is the fostering of the spirit of loyalty to tlie traditions of the past and the transmission to their chil- dren of their faith in the South, and purity of the South's shat- tered ideals. No son or daughter of the future must doubt the nobility of purpose or the purity of the motives of the gallant men, descen- dants of tlie Cavalier, who went fearlessly to their death in de- I'once of their conception of justice and right. " The knightliest of a knightly race " by their heroic courage and lofty self-sacrifice commanded the admiration of the world, and it is the sacred legacy of Marietta ^Memorial Association to keep the sod green above their graves. The Association is now working under a charter, with an earnest and faithful corps of officers and with the hearty sympathy and co-operation of the local chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy. As to the magnitude of their work and the many attendant difficulties, a brief sketch will suffice. The Confederate Cemetery at Mariotta contain?: tho grnvos of tliree thousand falltm sons of — 140 — >- H < cc Q UJ LL O u -T3 O Q recently an eft'oi-t lias boon made to get legislative aid, so that Georgians may no longer look with reproach npon the graves of her hero dead. Until very recently the cemetery has, indeed, been a reproach and for several years the Association was almost too much dis- couraged to make any further effort. The fence had fallen into decay, the drives were over-run, and the graves so over-grown, that they could scarcely be traced, liut Kennesaw Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, a younger and stronger organization, has come to the rescue and, working witli the Memorial Association, the sacred spot has been reclaimed. Dur- ing the last six years about $1,500.00 have been expended, the requisite number of head-stones have been placed, the drives and grounds improved and the entire plat has been distributed by sections to working committ'Ces to plant flowers and shrubs, and otherwise beautify the grounds. Among the improvements pro- posed by the Association was a wall of stone and a monument, 'for which a fund has been started by Kennesaw Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. A history of the ^Memorial Association would be incomplete without a sketch of some of its officers. Among the first leaders in the work was Miss Mary Robarts. She was efficient and faith- ful "even unto death." Mrs. Hansell, with Mrs. Winn as secre- tary, was also one of the earliest and most faithful Presidents. For years Mrs. Winn held the presidency and no leader was ever more capable or faithful than she — laboring always with unselfish devotion, and with wonderful executive ability, she brought order out of chaos, and all money intrusted to her was promptly and judiciously expended for the cemetery. Failing health caused her to resign and it was after the loss of her efficient leadership that the one lapse in interest occurred, and the affairs of the Association reached their lowest ebb, which resulted in the neglected condition of the cemetery already described. Xow the Association is under the wise direction of Mrs. Eebecca L. Xesbitt, a true and tried daughter of the South, who gave lavishly of her time and talents to the work of the Associa- tion. In the beginning of her administration, she was ably assisted by Mrs. Adelaide McClatcbey and Mrs. Anna Wliitlock, as secretary and treasurer. Both of these earnest workers have gone to join the " mighty caravan above," but the memory of — 142 — tip* u -—o^ ■ - '-^ CONFEDERATE CEMETERY, Dedicated 1866, Resaca, Georgia. their zeal and enthusiastic devotion to the cause is an inspira- tion to ns on whom their work and perchance their " mantles have fallen." While the caring for the graves and protecting them from dese- cration is a dnty, it is a privilege to gather together annually on the 26th of April, and after some one of Georgia's gifted sons has told the story of the heroic struggle, while the thrilling airs of " Dixie " and " America " are sung with equal enthusiasm, representing tlie devotion to the past and the patriotism of the present, to " bring flowers, sweet flowers," and tenderly place tliem upon the graves to commemorate the deeds of glory and emblemize by their fragrance and beauty the love and remem- brance of the women and children of the fair Southland. Frances W. Clay^ Secretary. RESACA MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, EESACA, GEORGIA. The battle of Resaca was one of the most celebrated of the war. It was during that fight that the famous Forty-Second Georgia Regiment lost so many men, and it was there tliat Colonel L. P. Thomas took command. Mr. Cox, whose father. Captain Jacob R. Cox, owned a large farm, which afterwards became the scene of that famous bat- tle, tells an interesting story of the fight. Captain Cox had just built a new house on his place and on it he had expended nearl}'' all the money which he had accumulated. This house was used by General Johnston as headquarters, but he abandoned the place about twenty-five minutes before the fighting began. Shortly before the fight began General Johnston moved out. Sherman had planted his artillery on a small ridge a short dis- tance away and began shelling the Confederates. The Cox home was immediately in the line of the Federal's fire, and General Leonidas Polk decided he wanted the house out of the way so as to effectively return the enemy's fire. General Polk came up to where Captain Cox was standing- talking to his son. Both had been watching the preparations for the fight. "Captain," said the General, with his hand on his heart, in true cavalier fashion, "your house is in the way of my return fire. We arc both old men. and neither of us may live to see the end of this war. I want that house removed, — 143 — and I promiric you tliat in the event we are successful and I live I shall see to it you get douhle what the house is worth." With a wave of his hand Captain Cox told General Polk to tear down the house. Fully five hundred men were put to work, and in thirty minutes not a beam of the once comfortable country house remained where it formerly stood. Polk's battery was then planted in the yard and the work of shelling the Federals began. Young Cox and his father had started away from the scene when the elder Cox, a man of 60 years of age, then suddenly turned and started back. Has son remonstrated with him. "I want to get the old clock, son," replied Captain Cox. "It has been in the family too long for me to leave it for others to carry away." Minie balls and shells were falling fast, but seemingly un- conscious of the fight, the elder Cox threaded his way back to tlie site of his former home, found tlie clock and returned to his son without mishap. The first Confederate cemetery in the State, and almost in the South, Avas established at Eesaca, where the remains of those who fell in the three days' fight there, were gathered up and decently interred. Like many events, it came from small beginnings, and happened thus: The family of Mr, John H. Green lived on the battlefield. Around them, on all sides, were scattered Confederate graves — a few here, a few there, Imried just where tlie soldiers fell. On the road to the little country church two Confederate sol- diers lay; one could hardly say buried, for the earth had simply been heaped up on them, and tlie winter rains had washed a great deal of it off. On this hill the Confederates had ]ilanted a l)attery wliieh the Federals had made many efforts to capture, with great slaughter to them.selves. As the country people described it af- terwards, " the whole side of Scales" Hill was blue with dead Yankees." Aftt'r the battle the Federals, who hekl tlio field, collected their dead and interred them decently in a neat soldiers' cem- etery. As tlie Confederates were forced b* fall back, many of their dead were left lying on tb(> field, and were buried by the f'netuy, some by merely having the earth thrown over them, as — 144 — in tlie case of the two men ou Scales' Hill, who lay with half their bodies exposed. The sight of these neglected graves was a great grief to the occupants of the home, and finally the ladies of the family de- termined to take the matter in their own hands, as they were too poor to hire any one to help them. One of the ladies, with the help of the negro cook, dug a shallow grave in the flower garden beside the soldier who lay buried there, while another sister, accompanied by a young negro girl, went out and brought in the two skeletons in l)askets. Then tliey wrapped them in pieces of matting and buried them. The idea then occurred to the ladies that they would collect the Confederate dead, and inter them in a piece of ground their father had donated for that purpose, and so form a Confederate soldiers' cemetery. There was but one drawback to this scheme — they had no money and such work was expensive. So the ladies residing on the battlefield of Eesaca met July 4th, 1866, at the residence of Mr. John F. Green and formed themselves into a society, to be called the "Ladies' Association," for the burial of the Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Eesaca, binding themselves to use all their energy and in- fluence to effect this purpose. Thirteen names being signed the Society then proceeded to the election of officers. The follow- ing officers were then elected: ]\riss M. J. Green, President; Mrs. J. W. Hill, Vice-President; Mrs. S. W. Bachman, Treas- urer; Miss L. Green, Secretary. The President tlien reported to the Society that she had made an appeal to the women of Georgia in the name of the women of Resaca, asking for aid in the burial of the Confederate dead at Resaca. The ladies appealed to, went about in their respective cities stating the case, and the people gave twenty-five cents, fifty cents, one dollar or five dollars. Just as they were able, and soon money began to pour in from many places. Then, true to their ideas of States Rights, it occurred to them it was not fair to call on Georgia to bury the dead of other States. So they employed a neighbor to go around and ascertain the number of dead lying on the battlefield, also their names, regiments and States, when it could be found. The graves of those who were buried by their comrades were generally marked — often the name written in pencil on a bit of board, sometimes a piece of cartridge box, and stuck at the head of the grave. — 145 — When this work wa* finished (the neighbor, an old Union man, refusing compensation, saying as he had no money, he would like to give his time and labor) the list was published in the leading papers of the different Southern cities, accompa- nied by a statement of the case, and an appeal for aid. It was promptly answered, public meetings were called, and money subscribed and sent to the ladies at Resaca. with heart- felt thanks for the noble work they were doing. Generous con- tributions were received, till they amounted to about $2,000.00. Tlie genial "Bill Arp," ever true to his convictions, sent them a kindly letter, and ten dollars. The money they spent, but the letter is treasured still by the ladies. Every mail l)rouglit letters of inquiry from mothers, sisters, widows and sweetliearts, asking about their dead, and sending money, often depriving themselves of necessities to help the cause, and many grief-stricken letters were written telling of the goodness and the bravery of those who were lost to them forever, and of their owti sad lives under existing conditions. The women wlio undertook this work got a glimpse into the lives of many a broken-hearted family. Tkey now went to their work with a will. A spot was se- lected for the site througli which a stream ran. Already two soldiers lay buried beside its banks, its ever flowing waters murmuring a requiem over them. Men were hired to clear the ground, which was laid oft" as a landscape garden, by Colonel James Eobertson. now one of the State Railroad Commissioners, and contracts were given out for the re-interment of the dead, numbering about four hundred. When the woi'k was finished each State had a plat in which her men lay, every grave being marked with a white head- board, containing the soldiers name, company and regiment, while tlie unknown dead occupied the center of the ground lying around a handsome granite cross marked, " To the Un- known Dead." and presented by the Stone Mountain Granite Company. The grounds were adorned Avith roses and other flowering plants. Rustic bridges spanned the stream at several points, and the whole place was enclosed with a handsome fence. This fence was furnished l)y a Chattanooga Company, and — 146 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS. I. Sparta, Georgia. 2. Sandersville, Georgia. Unveiled 1881. Unveiled 1897. 3. Savannah, Georgia. 4- Athens. Georgia. Unveiled 1875- Unveiled 1872. 5. Thomson, Georgia. 6. Barnesville, Georgia. Unveiled 1896. Unveiled 1889. cost $700.00, and was Just $500.00 more than the ladies had in tlieir treasury. Soutliern women have a great and abiding confidence in Southern men. jSTever mind what ma}^ be the matter in hand, whether it be obtaining a seat in the street car, the raising of money for any particular purpose, or carrying through of any political measure, when they think it should be passed, they always '' appeal to the men." They think that is all they have to do. And, it must be said, they are not often disappointed. So the Eesaca ladies, who had organized themselves into the "Eesaca Memorial Society," appealed to the Legislature to give them $500.00 to pay off their debts. The Legislature did not meet till ISTovember, but the ceme- tery being completed in October, the ladies determined to have it consecrated at once, that the fallen heroes might sleep in hallowed ground. Wishing to have a eulogy pronounced over them at the same time, they wrote to both Bishop Stephen Elliott and General Howell Cobb, asking them to come and perform these services for them. In reply General Howell Cobb wrote: " To be present on the occasion to which you refer, and to participate as an actor in the scenes, would be among the most agreeable duties I have ever been called upon to perform. The ladies of j^our association may be assured that I would esteem it a privilege and pleasure, to which every pulsation of my heart compels me. The kind invitation they have ex- tended will be cherished as a testimonial of their partiality and regard. No mere personal sacrifices could prevent my ac- ceptance, but I feel that at present it would do no good to either the living or the dead, for me to break the silence which I have voluntarily imposed upon myself, since the surrender of our army, and our Cause. Whilst I should on such an occa- sion utter no word inconsistent with the duties and obliga- tions I have assumed to the Government of the United States, yet I do not feel that I could give utterance to all the feel- ings, sympathies and memories that would swell the breast, and demand of the lips an unrestrained utterance. Others may be more fortunately situated, and to them I venture to suggest it would be better to commit the sacred duty." Bishop Elliott declined for similar reasons. — 147 — To show the state of the country iu 1860, and, in order that the views of these distinguished men should be fully ap- preciated and understood, an extract is given below from a letter received from one of the officers of the Fifth Com- pany, Washington Artillery, of Xew Orleans, in reply to an appeal to bury their comrades who fell at Besaca. The state- ment he makes seems almost incredible to us, who enjoy the freedom and law and order rule of 1891. "It is the desire and intention of the Company to bring home all its dead for interment. And soon after our return to the city, we resolved our Company into an association, for the purpose of providing for the living families of our dead comrades, and bringing home their remains. But our asso- ciation, together Avith all other associations formed in this city for the same purpose, have been suspended by the mili- tary order of General Sheridan, and the widow and orphan are deprived of the aid that would result from our organized chari- ties. And our brave comrades who died can receive no ex- pression of our grateful hearts in their honor. 'No monument to commemorate their virtues.' As soon as we are permitted to do so, we will take steps to bring home our dead. As soon as our association is permitted to be organized, your com- munication will be laid before it." Nothing daunted, the ladies then begged the services of an old friend, the Rev. John Jones, who had served through most of the war as an army chaplain. Since then he has gallantly ■waged war against Satan, by praying over the Georgia Legis- lature for the last ten or fifteen years. He promptly responded to the call, and on the 25th of October, the consecration took place. The people for twenty miles around assembled to witness the ceremonies. Appropriate mottoes adorned the different lots and wreaths of evergreen decorated the graves. Then the brave chaplain proceeded to consecrate the ground, after which the martyrs to the Southern Cause were left in their hon- ored graves, to sleep their last sleep, till the last reveille shall wake them. The ladies of the Eesaca Memorial Association were full of a patriotic pride that theirs should be the first Confed- erate cemoter\' in the South, so they were a little surprised to find that on the same day that the T?esaca Cemetery was con- — 148 — secratcd. the woinoii of Wineliester, Va., had performed a sim- ilar ceremony over tlie Confederate dead in their midst. There was buried the gallant Ashby, and one of the incidents of the day was the laying of a wreath of flowers on the gallant soldier's grave by his old " mammy." In November, the Legislature met, and the petition of the Ladies' Memorial Association of Resaca was presented, wherein they stated that they had themselves raised over $3,000.00, with which they had buried nearly four hundred Confederate soldiers, that they still owed $500.00, and they prayed the Legislature to help them. This was the second Legislature that had met since the surrender. It had onerous and disagreeable duties to consider, chief among them the consideration of the Fourteenth Amend- ment. But it turned away from these for a time, and list- ened with enthusiasm to the speeches made in behalf of the women engaged in this sacred work, and not only voted the $500.00 asked for, but added from the depleted coffers of the State $3,500.00 more to bury the dead at Chickamauga, which work one of the ladies of the " Resaca Memorial Association '' immediately undertook. The cemetery was regarded by the country people as a sort of pleasure ground in the midst of a devastated land. It was a great resort for rustic lovers of Sunday afternoons, and many a troth was plighted there. On the 2Gth of April, Memorial Day, the farmers would cease their labors, and the young men and maidens, after collecting boughs of hawthorn and honeysuckle (the South- ern National flower), would proceed to decorate the graves. Like all humanity, the mountaineer has some sentiment, and it showed itself when one Memorial Day the gates of the cem- etery were dressed with dogwood, a handsome, showy white flower. " What do ye mean by puttin' dogwood on the soldiers' graves?" cried they. ''Don't ye know the meanin' (emblem) of dogwood?" "No; what is it?" " Why, hit means ' Go to the devil !' " And so the first Confederate cemetery in Georgia was com- pleted. It was begun in July with very little money in hand. In October the work was finished, and after Christmas the — 149 — debts were all paid. Twenty-five hundred dollars had been raised by the appeals of a private family, the contributions of an impoverished people, speaking more eloquently than could any silver-tongued orator, of their love of the Southern Cause and its fallen heroes. And for many years, as the trains passed by, the engineer tolled his bell as a requiem to those buried there sleeping their last sleep, waiting the judg- ment day. Dr. Jones, some years before his death, related a remark- able story in connection with the identification of the Con- federate dead at Resaca during the removal of the bodies. A minister, and an acquaintance of Dr. Jones, had a son killed at Resaca. The grave was unmarked. One night, so the min- ister told Dr. Jones, he and his wife, with clasped hand z U tion changed its name to the " Beanvoir Home Memorial Associa- tion," and now continues its efforts to assist the Sons. This movement to preserve Beanvoir was inaugurated by Mrs. A. McC. Kimbrough, v/hose face, beaming with ideality, is found on preceding pages of this book. Mrs. Kimbrough succeeded in enlisting the Sons of Veterans of Mississippi in the cause of the preservation of Beanvoir. The home of Jefferson Davis will become the " Confederate Soldiers' Home," of Mississippi. CONFEDERATE CEMETEEY MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. VICKSBURCt, MISSISSIPPI. May 15, 1866 — At a large called meeting of the ladies of Vicksburg, at the court house, the Vicksburg Confederate Cemetery Association was organized by electing Mrs. E. S. Eggleston, President; Mrs. Wm. H. Stevens, Mrs. E. D. Wright, Mrs. T. A. Marshall, Mrs. Annie DeMoss, Vice-Presidents; Miss Ellen Martin was elected Secretary and Mrs. A. H. Arthur, Treasurer. The following executive committees were appointed : To find, mark, tend and report the graves of all Confederate dead scattered over our hillside for reburial : Mrs. T. A. Marshall, Mrs. Wm. M. McCutchen, Mrs. R. Hawks, Mrs. Caroline Searles, Mrs. Ben Hardaway. To select ground for the Confederate Cemetery: Mrs. R. Barnett, Mrs. Hansford, Mrs. Martlia Lawrence, Mrs. Hugh Markham. Finance Committee— Mrs. E. D. Wright, Mrs. A. M. Paxton, Mrs. M. E. Roach, Mrs. J. G. Atwood, Mrs. Annie Flowerree, Misses Lucy Irwin, Letitia Arthur, Lucy Marshall, Margaret Moore, Rose Green, Lavenia Shannon, Lizzie Jane Stovall, Mollie Crump. May 28, 1866 — Mrs. E. T. Eggleston resigned and Mrs. John Willis was elected president. June 8, 1866 — Mrs. John Willis, President, resigned and Mrs. E. D. Wright was elected to fill her place. Mrs. Wright continued to act as President, serving faithfully until her death, in 1891. At this meeting resolutions were passed thanking the — 207 — noble women of I\rarvland for their continuous self-sacrificinsr devotion to the relief of the suffering in the impoverished, deso- lated South, and for their munificent gifts to the destitute of our own State. ]Sruiii])ers of graves were reported as marked and tended. Judge ,L \V. M. II arris reported fifty graves upon his grounds as cared for. These bodies, when subsequently exhumed from Judge Harris' gi-ound, were found to be in a state of almost perfect preservation, though buried in the most ordinary wooden boxes. It was supposed that petrification had supervened. Resolutions of thanks were tendered Col. G. T. Parker, of the U. S. Army, who, out of the magnanimity of liis own nature, had, Avhile detailed to collect the bodies of the Northern dead, marked and numbered the graves of the Confederates and made a record of three thousand graves thus found in a large book, which beautiful record he now presented to the Association. At the same meeting the hearts of the women of our Con- federate Cemetery Association were made glad and grateful and their faith uplifted by the announcement of the munificent gift of the ground which now constitutes our Confederate Cemetery. The cemetery was bought of ^Er. Eobert Hough and wife. It continues an enduring witness of their loyalty to the cause and largeness of heart. This gift was tendered through Mrs. E. T. Eggleston. The deed to the cemetery was made to jMrs. E. D. Wright, President, and Miss Ellen ]\Iartin, Secretary of the Confederate Cemetery Association, as trustees, to be held perpetually for the sacred purpose of a burial place of the Confederate Dead. The Association now began with renewed energy and with sorrowful, yet glad hearts, to gather their dead to this final resting place. July 9, 1866 — The finance committee having been invited to greater effort, reported various individual amounts collected. Mrs. Annie Floweree had collected the largest amount, per- sonallv, $2;?2.00. Fees of membership, $1.00 annually, and of honorary membership, $5.00, were not included in these collections. July 17, 18()6 — Miss Ellen ]\Iartin and ]\Irs. Annie DeMoss iianded the Treasurer $442.00, the proceeds of a concert arranged by them. This success was greatly due to the singing of Mrs. Eugene Roach and Mrs. Emily M. Farrar. — 208 — Mrs. John Willis remitted to the Treasurer $956.-15, the result of exquisite tableaux which she had prepared. September, 1866 — The meetings of the Association were suspended for a time on account of cholera, prevailing to some extent, ahnost entirely among negroes and United States soldiers, quartered here, who were using river water. January, 1867 — Miss Ellen Martin, Secretary of the Con- federate Cemetery Association, memorialized the Legislature, asking assistance from the State toward completing the work of re-burial of the Confederate Dead. Through the efficient assistance of Dr. Harvey Shannon and Major Charles Swett, in the Senate and Legislature, a bill passed unanimously upon the reading of the memorial, grant- ing $1,000.00 for the purpose requested. This is a brief history, from the records, of the work of re-burying our dead heroes. Since that time, by unobtrusive but persistent effort, the graves have l^een cared for in a measure, by a few faithful women — notably Mrs. Wright and Mrs. Eggleston. Our noble President, Mrs. E. D. Wright, was called to her reward in 1891. She had served in this work for more than a quarter of a century, even supervising personally, when necessary, the taking up and reverent handling of the sacred dust of our Con- federate Dead. As President of the Confederate Cemetery Association, she supplemented the four years work as President of the Confeder- ate Aid Association, to which she had given such marvelous efficiency during the war. January, 1892 — The mantle having dropped from Mrs. Wright's shoulders upon those of our present worthy President, Mrs. Stevens, she published a call for a meeting of the Con- federate Cemetery Association and all interested in preserving the memory of our dead heroes, to be held in the Presbyterian church, January 10, 1892. This meeting was held. It consisted of the President, Mrs. Stevens, and Secretary, Miss Ellen Martin — these two — but they were not daunted ; they determined imanimously, then and there, to reorganize and to erect a monument to mark the graves and perpetuate the memory of our heroic dead. With only a few hundred dollars in the treasury, accumulated by the sale of some lots from our Confederate cemetery ground; — 209 — buoyed by faitli in the Cause and in the latent love of the people for it, they adjourned to the marble yard and commenced the Avork of selecting, ordering and rearing a monument. They did not count in vain. Others have come to their help and the beautiful monument bears testimony to-day of tlieir success. There was quite a revival of interest in tlie old Confederate Cemetery Association after the monument was unveiled April 2G, 1893. ]\Ieetings were held with some regularity and an acting secretary chosen in the person of, Miss Margaret A. Logan to relieve Miss Martin, charter meml)cr and Secretary, now in feeble health. In 1896 a new charter was voted upon and adopted. Under the new constitution the following officers were elected to serve for one year: Mrs. M. A. Stevens, Presi- dent; Mrs. Frank Hoffman, First Vice-President; Mrs. Thos. W. Preston, Second Vice-President; Mrs. E. C. Carroll, Treasurer; Miss Ellen IMartin, Honorary Secretary; Mrs. Chas. G. Wright, Secretary. In October of the same year it was decided to add, ^'Memorial," to the chartered name, and that it sliould henceforth be known as the "Confederate Cemetery Memorial Association," with a roll of four officers, thirty-four active and two honorary members. In* 1897 were added ten more honorary members, including the following surviving Confederate Generals: Lt. Gen. Alex. P. Stewart, Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee, Gen. Jos. E. Wheeler, Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton, Lt. Gen. Jno. B. Gordon, Gen. James Longstreet. In 1893 the city made its first appropriation for meeting expenses of Confederate Meniorial Day, and the money was asked for by Camp No. 32, United Confederate Veterans, in the name of the Confederate Cemetery IMemorial Association. In 1S97 the Association decided to ask for this appropriation and arrange for the procession and proper observance of the day, in their own persons, the Camp to unite with the Association, using its own ritual upon the occasion. This order has l)ecn carried out yearly, and the imposing procession wends its annual course to the Confederate Cemetery with all the pomp and circumstance of martial music, marcliing soldiers, and the firing of a salute over the graves of the men who wore the gray. The Con- federate flag is furled, and red, white and red are the colors of the day. The city's stores and banks and schools are closed, and thousands go out to assist in strewing flowers over the graves of tlie Confederate Dead and to listen to the words of — 210 VICE-PRESIDENTS CONFEDERATED SOUTHERN MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, I. Mrs. Garland Jones, 2. Mrs. M. A. Stevens, Raleigh, N. C Vicksburg, Miss. 3. Mrs. Sterling C. Robertson, 4. Mrs. W. D. Chipley, Waco, Texas. Pensacola, Fla. 5. Miss Missie Ault, 6. Mrs. Shelton Chieves, Knoxville, Tenn. Petersburg, Va. some gifted orator and to Join in the solemn prayers offered by a loving people, prayers that the South may always cherish tlie memories of those that died for her and that the bloody chasm may remain forever closed. After the singing of a hymn, the mnltitude disperses. The Union A^eteran League are the guests of the Memorial Association upon the occasion, and their floral offerings are handsome and much appreciated. This annual observance of a day "in memoriam" may be only senti- ment, but is firmly lodged in our hearts. February 28, 1898, our venerable Honorary Secretary, Miss Ellen Martin, "passed over the river," having served the Asso- ciation for nearly thirty-tAvo years. Other chartered members have since been called away, and Mrs. Stevens is almost sole representative of the old band who took upon themselves the task of providing a last resting place for the dead soldiers scattered all over the hills in and around Vicksburg. The Confederate Cemetery Memorial Association has charge of the Confederate Cemetery and its beautiful monument; this Association is also the custodian of the monument erected by Louisiana, in memory of those who fell during the siege of Vicksburg, 1861-1865. The memorial procession forms at the Louisiana monument, the military present arms, two verses of a hymn sung during which the flower girls strew the mound with flowers, the monument having been previously decorated by the Misses Birchelt, a perpetual committee appointed by Con- federate Cemetery Memorial Association, a prayer is said, then the march to Confederate Cemetery is begun. Arriving there the artillery fires a salute, the Confederate ritual is read, the mound decorated by flower girls, the remaining verses of the hymn sung, the oration delivered, followed by the benediction. At present the Association numbers twenty-one. Including the officers. Mrs. M. A. Stevens, our President, is now eighty- three years of age, and with one exception the sole survivor of those who answered to the first call of the Association in 1866. Mrs. M. P. Koach is the one exception, she is the daughter of Mrs. E. A. Eggieston, first President elected but resigning in two weeks. The present Secretary is daughter-in-law of Mrs. E. D. Wright, who served the Association for twenty-five years as President, from the third week of its life. Mrs. Stevens is Vice- President from Mississippi of the Confederated Southern — 211 — Memorial Association, of whicli we became chartered members at Louisville. Kv., May, 1900. Mrs. Charles Gascoigne Wright, Secretary. :\IES. THEODOSIA WORTHINGTOX YALLIANT, VICE-PRESIDENT CONFEDERATED SOUTHERN • MiniOniAL ASSOCIATION, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURL At tlie third annual convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association at Dallas, Texas, a resolution offered by Mrs. M. Louise Benton Graham, vras adopted, that a page in the History of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association be set apart for a biography of ^Mrs. Valliant as a fitting testimony of appreciation for her unfaltering energy in organizing branches of Confederate Memorial work in the State of Mis- souri. In the heart of this patriotic woman slumbered always the noble fires of love for the South, which burst forth in enthusiastic flames of devotion to work, whenever there is a call *for a Southron's aid — for a Southern Cause. Her first recorded memorial work was in 1867 in the town of Greenville, Mississippi, then her home, where she and many others Avere instrumental in sending a large sum of money for the monument erected to General Robert E. Lee, in Richmond, Virginia. In the City of St. Louis, IMissouri, Janiuiry, 1891, a call was issued to Southern women, in response to which ninety-seven ladies met in the parlor of the Southern Hotel and organized a society called "St. Louis Daughters of the Confederacy.*' Mrs. L. M. McLure was chosen President; Mrs. Randolph Hutchinson, first Vice-President; Mrs. Leroy B. Valliant, second A'ice-President. The first year the Society achieved a great financial success, aggregating seven thousand nine hundred and forty-five dollars and eighty-five cents. In six years the Society collected twenty- eight thousand dollars, which was donated to the Confederate Home Association for the erection of a Home for Confederate Veterans in Iligginsville, Missouri. In 1896 the St. Louis Chapter, with other Chapters, organized a State Association iinder the name "Daughters of the Confederacy of ]\Iissouri." Mrs. Louis Houck, of Cape Girardeau, was elected President; Mrs. Valliant, Secretary; Miss Lessure, Treasurer. The organ- ization increased in numbers until sixty Chapters were formed. It was the first body of Southern women chartered in Missouri. They afterwards raised six thousand dollars, and assisted by the Confederate Veterans, erected the first monument in Missouri at Springfield, where are buried five hundred Con- federate soldiers killed in battle at Wilson's Creek. This monu- ment was made in Florence, Italy, by Mr. Trentanove, a celebrated sculptor. ]\Irs. Valliant's heart turned with linger- ing love to memorial work commenced in Mississippi, and in 1900, at Louisville, Kentucky, where the Confederate Memorial Associations met and entered into a Confederation, she, with the assistance of Mrs. Jennie Edwards and Mrs. j\IcGowan organ- ized the Confederate Memorial Society of Missouri. The officers were: Mrs. Theodosia Worthington Valliant, President; Mrs. Celeste Pim, First A^ice-President ; Mrs. Phil Chew, Second Vice-President ; Mrs. Jennie Edwards, Secretary ; Mrs. McGowan, Treasurer. This Society has one hundred and fifty members, and at each meeting new names are enrolled. From their first entertainment they cleared fourteen hundred dollars, Mr. Lorone Jones, of St. Louis, contributed one hundred dollars, through Mrs. Valliant, for a Missouri Memorial window in "Old Blandford Church," at Petersburg, A^irginia. The window will cost five hundred dollars when completed. This sum has been contributed by the Confederate Memorial Society of St. Louis, assisted by the Sterling Price Memorial Societ}^ of Jefferson City, Missouri, the Blandford Memorial Society of Mexico, Mis- souri, and the Memorial Society of Springfield, Missouri. Mrs. Valliant assisted in organizing the Sterling Price Society at Jefferson City and Blandford Memorial Society of Mexico. Mrs. Valliant was born at Harrodsburg Springs, Kentucky, where her parents were sojourning for the summer. She is the daughter of Judge Isaac Mason Worthington and Mrs. Anne Taylor Worthington. Her father moved from Kentucky, his native State, to Washington County, Mississippi, in the year 1820. He was a wealthy cotton planter and exerted great influence on account of his moral and religious character. Mrs. Worthington, mother of Airs. Valliant, was one of the highest type of Southern women, combining rare beauties of person and character. Mrs. A'^alliant's ancestral record goes back to the colonial days of Virginia and Maryland and the early days of Kentucky. She was partly educated in Lexington, Kentucky, — 213 — aud Patapsco lustitute, Maryland, and was married on the 21st of October, 1862, to Leroy B. Valliant, a lawyer, who served in the Confederate Army as Captain of the 22d Missis- sippi Regiment. They moved from Washington County, Missis- sippi, to St. Louis in 1874. Judge Valliant has been twice elected Supreme Judge of ]\Iissouri, which ])osition he now holds. Mrs. Valliant has three sons, Frank Worthington Valliant, John Worthington Valliant, and Leroy Worthington Valliant. :i4 MRS. LEROY B. VALLIANT. Vice-President for Missouri, Confederated Soutiiern Memorial^Association, St. Louis. Missouri. SAMUEL S. HARRIS MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, CAPE GIRARDEAU, MISSOURI. The Samuel S. Harris Memorial Association of the Confeder- ated Southern Memorial Association was formed on April 9th, 1902, as follows : *Mrs. Julia E. Harris, President; Miss Alma E. Albert, Secretary (removed to Baltimore) ; Mrs. Louis Houck, Corres- ponding Secretary; Mrs. W. T. Wilson, Treasurer; Mrs. Louis B. Houck, Mrs. Robt. L. Wilson, Mrs. Wm. B. Wilson, Mrs. Sam M. Green, Mrs. Belle Wheeler, Mrs. Kate Hamilton, Mrs. N. E. Frissell, Mrs. Frank E. Burrough, Mrs. Sophia Painter, Mrs. Ellen Wright, Mrs. R. B. Oliver, Mrs. L. J. Albert, Jr., Mrs. Hattie C. Morton, Mrs. Edward S. Lilly, Mrs. Elmer Ealy, Mrs. Rodney G. Whitlaw, Mrs. J. M. Morse, Mrs. J. M. Craig, Mrs. Marshall Snyder, Mrs. Rosa Albrent, Mrs. George Thorn- ton, Mrs. Otto Kochtitzky, Mrs. John Reagan (transferred to Little Rock, Arkansas), Miss Louise Ranney, Miss Clara Rider. The membership of this chapter is composed largely of the charter members of the Cape Girardeau " Daughters of the Confederacy of Missouri," organized on June 15, 1891, as one of the many auxiliary societies to the Ex-Confederate Association, the purpose of which was to build a home for disabled Confed- erate soldiers in this State. It did splendid work in helping to build and support the Confederate Home at Higginsville until the State took charge of the Home. This transfer necessitated a change in the work of the Southern women of the State and in 1897 the " Daughters of the Confederacy of Missouri," became a chartered Associa- tion, having as its object, " monumental, historical and benevo- lent " work. As a member of this association this chapter assisted in build- ing the beautiful monument at Springfield, Missouri. ^Deceased. The charter President of the State association was a member of this chapter. In November, 1903, the State association of the " Daughters of the Confederac}' " became a part of the Missouri Division of the National Society of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. This chapter reserved its independence and became a part of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association. In its twelve years of existence no call for aid has been denied. Since its incorporation in the Confederated Southern Memo- rial Association this Association has contributed as follows : To the Jefferson Davis Monument, at Richmond, Virginia — one hundred dollars; to the Missouri table at the Bazaar in Eichmond, Virginia, for the benefit of the Davis Monument — ten dollars; to Fayetteville, Arkansas, for marking the graves of Missouri soldiers — twenty-five dollars; for improvement of Confederate cemetery at Higginsville, Missouri — ten dollars. Mrs. Julia E. Plarris, the charter President of our Association of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, died of heart disease, suddenly, in St. Louis, Missouri, on the 2nd of February, 1903. S^e was the youngest daughter of ^Ir. and Mrs. Joseph William Russell, of Jackson, Missouri, one of the oldest families in this part of the State. She was the widow of Dr. Samuel S. Harris, who was an active and distinguished Confederate officer during the late Civil War. Her remains were interred in the I^orimier cemetery beside her husband and two children. We Avho are members of this Association, desire to express our deep sorrow at the sudden death of our esteemed co-member and worker, and as the years go by and our members become fewer we feel the parting all the more keenly, since we are deprived of her presence and timely consultations on matters concerning the success of our organization. Words are poor and weak when we contemplate such a loss. It is proper for us who knew her to say, that she was faithful in all the relations of life — more is not necessary. We ask that a page of our record be set aside and this humble tribute be entered thereon. Our beloved and zealous President, Mrs. .lidia K. Harris, died during the first year of her Presidency. Her deatli was deeply — 216 — regretted by all the members, to whom she had endeared herself by her gentle, sweet disposition. Mrs. Louis Houck, President. STERLINCx PEICE MEMORIAL ASS0CL\T10N. JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI. The Sterling Price ^Memorial Association was organized in Jef- ferson City, January 21, 1901, by Mrs. Leroy B. Yalliant of St. Louis, Missouri. Upon the above date a meeting of the South- ern women in the City, was called at the home of ]\Irs. Margaret H. Robertson and a society organized under the happiest aus- pices, adopting the name of General Sterling Price, in honor of that loyal soldier, true to the Cause throughout the great strug- gle; and who figured conspicuously in this part of the State. The officers elected for the first year were: Mrs. Margaret H. Robertson, President; Mrs. Caroline V. Overstreet, Vice-Presi- dent; Mrs. Bernetta J. Rader, Treasurer; Mrs. Beauregard H. Ferguson, Secretary. Mrs. Robertson resigned in a short time and was succeeded by Mrs. Laura W. Allen, our present efficient, zealous and affable presiding officer. The charter members are: Mesdames Bernetta J. Rader, Ada C. Price, Jennie Ed- wards, Margaret H. Robertson, Christine H. Broughton, Caro- line V. Overstreet, Mary B. Corwin, Corinne W. Harding, Annie Marstella, Beauregard H. Ferguson. Misses Ella McCarty, Lau- ra Edwards and Miller Pope. To these have been added the names of Mesdames Laura W. Allen, Mildred P. Standish, Frances S. Burkhardt, Caroline S. Davison, Virginia Watson, Miss Carrie Davison, Mesdames Eva L. Elliott, Anna M. Miller, Misses Daisy Marshall, Letitia JMarshall, Nellie Ellis, Mesdames Bettie G. Ellis, Rena Cutten, Ella Whitney, Josephine W. Pol- lock, Olivia H. Cook and Miss Gertrude Aubuchon. In its labors the Sterling Price Memorial Society realizes that its noblest duty is assisting in the line of work taken up by the Memorial Societies throughout the State; consequently, in the past years its object has been to raise, and donate a sum of money, to aid in paying the cost of a memorial window which is to be placed in "Old Blandford Church," Petersburg, Va., Mis- souri's part in the restoration of that historic old church from its chaos of ruins. For this purpose a ball was given by the so- ciety on the evening of Xovember 21, 1901, at St. Peters Hall. Magnificent in its every detail, and, financially so successful, that liesides the above sum, the ladies were enabled to send a donation to the Jell'erson Davis j\Ionument fund, and, this they hope to increase at no far distant date. In the Confederate Re- union in Mempliis, Tenn., May, 1901, the society was repre- sented by :Mrs. Laura W. Allen. With great pride we recall tlie celebration in Springfield, August, 1901, for, apart from the joy experienced in the dedication of the handsome monu- ment to the Confederate dead, the culmination of many cher- M\ed hopes, we note the prominent part taken by the Sterling Price Memorial Society in the imposing ceremonies. Miss Laura Edwards, sponsor, daughter of the late John W. Edwards, and a member of our Society, lifted the veil from the pile of granite, revealing to a vast throng the monument of sentiment, beauty and grandeur. Leading the procession of maids of honor were other members, and the chaperon of this ensemble of Missouri's fair daughters, was Mrs. Laura W. Al- len, our President. Among the floral offerings a palm wreath, tied»with ribbons of crimson and white, sent by our society, was pronounced the handsomest of all, and was suspended upon the front of the monument Just below the has relief of General Sterling Price. In June last Mrs. Leroy B. Yalliant Avas made an honorary member of the society. Her visits and pleasant lit- tle talks add much to the interest of the meetings which she attends. In the first days of our organization we had no special time for the transaction of business, now, however, we meet every second riionlli on tlie second Monday, the election of offi- cers taking place in January. Last month the old officers were all re-elected for a term of two years. During the summer months the meetings are held in the evenings. After all busi- ness is transacted a social liour is enjoyed, a very pleasant fea- ture of tlie meetings, and this year we expect to read and discuss many interesting historical subjects. , We are not very strong in numbers, but are steadily increas- ing, and the society begins its second year with bright prospects. Our little l)and is zealous and willing to aid in every enterprise that may immortalize the Confederate heroes, sleeping among the bright flowers and tangled mosses of the Sunny South, or — 218 — PRESIDENTS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS. I. Mrs. W- J. Haydon. Springfield, Missouri. 3. Mrs. M. D. Bibb, Montgomery, Alabama. 5. Mrs. H. Van L. Bird. Petersburg, Virginia. 2. Mrs. William E. Lipscomb, Manassas, Virginia. 4. Mrs. Maria Cogswell, Nevada, Missouri. 6. Mrs. Olivia J. Hatton, Portsmouth, Virginia. perchance, resting beneath the grasses and blue skies of the North-land. Xoble heroes, not conquered, but undone. Beauregard H. Ferguson^ Secretary. BLANDFOED MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, MEXICO, MISSOUEI. Tlie Blandford Memorial Association, of Mexico, Missouri, has just entered ujDon its first j'ear of existence with brilliant piospects. The Association was organized January 23rd, 1902, by Mrs. Leroy B. Yalliant, of St. Louis, whose zeal and executive ability are accorded loving praise by all who know her. The name " Blandford " was bestowed by Mrs. Geo. A. Morris, who assisted Mrs. Yalliant in organizing the Association. The work has been undertaken principally by young women, and in the short period of three months there has been an enrollment of forty-two names. We have sent five dollars to the Confederate Memorial and Literary Society, of St. Louis, for the Missouri Memorial window in " Old Blandford Church," at Petersburg, Virginia. We are pledged to assist in all memorial work feeling that we owe a sacred duty to the memory of the brave men, who died in defence of home and firesides. NEVADA MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, NEVADA MISSOUEL In Deepwood Cemetery there are buried about eighteen Con- federate soldiers and for eight or ten years past several of our Confederate ladies and Confederate Veterans have been in the habit of meeting on the morning of Memorial Day and placing flowers on the graves of these soldiers who died for the Cause they believed to be right. So on Saturday, May 25, 1901, the wives and daughters of the Confederate Veterans met at the home of Mrs. E. J. McGowan to organize a Memorial Associa- tion. There were eighteen present and forty-two members en- rolled. Mrs. T. C Huston was unanimously elected President; Miss Anna Ingram, Vice-President; Mrs. Kathryn Clack, Treasurer; Mrs. Annie Lisle Stettmund, Secretary. At the — 219 — meeting it was decided to allow all Southern sympathizers to become members of the Association. Most of our members are from Virginia and Kentucky, but some are the wives and daughters of those that went througli the border war-fare between Missouri and Kansas which began long before the hostilities between the North and the South. The history of that struggle on the border can never be forgotten by those who participated in it. On April 2, 19U2, Mrs. Huston, our President, died. She was a grand and noble woman and a beautiful representative of our true Soutliern womanhood. At the next annual meeting, the re- maining officers were re-elected and Mrs. M. Cogswell was chosen President. She is the daughter of Colonel Geo. Douglas, one of the pioneers of Western j\Iissouri, and the wife of Captain H. Clay Cogswell, a true and determined defender of Southern Eights. He served in the Trans-Mississippi Department from the first battle of Springfield, Missouri, to the battle under Gen. Taylor on the banks of Eed Eiver in Louisiana. On December IG, lOO"^, our Asociation joined the Confeder- ated Southern Memorial Association and we are striving as far as ii is in our power to assist in the grand work carried on by the women of the South, to erect monimients to the gallant de- fenders of the " Southern Cause." This Association has contri- buted to the ]\Iissouri Memorial window in ''Old Bland ford Church " at Petersburg, A'^irginia, and to the fund for a monu- ment to our illustrious Chieftain, Jeftcrson Davis. One of our speakers has said, "The bravery of the Confederate soldiers on the field of battle has never been surpassed in the annals of the world, but great as this was the sublime courage with which after the war they took up the duties of civic life, after return- ing to their ruined and desolate homes, has commanded the respect and admiration of the world. The evening shades of life are falling for the survivors of that dreadful conflict and one by one they are being laid to rest in their last camping ground." By the softening influence of time the hatred of bygone years is forgotten. The fires kindled by strife are dead and from the ashes lias risen a desire in every heart that future generations may realize what a privilege is theirs to honor the heroes of the South. Mrs. Anxie Lisle Stettmund, Corresponding Secretary. — 220 — STATE MONUMENT ASSOCIATION, SPEINGFIELD, MISSOURI. Springfield and vicinity were the battlegrounds from the beginning to the ending of the greatest fratricidal war history has ever recorded, and after the battles were over, and the tattered remnants of that brilliant, eager and hope-inspired army that went to war from the South in 1861, had returned to desolate homes, they not only must rebuild and begin a new struggle for existence, but must gather up and give hallowed burial to the exposed remains of comrades who had fallen on the battlefields, or died in hospitals. All about were the uncovered bones of our dead, mutely appealing for a sacred resting place. On the 23rd day of November, 1866, in response to this silent but eloquent appeal, a few of us met in a private office in Spring- field, and the result of this little gathering was that the Con- federate Cemetery Association was formed. In 1869 a letter was written to Major T. W. Park, of Platte County, who was organizing a Confederate Eeunion Association, requesting him to interest the surviving soldiers in the neglected condition of the graves of their comrades at Springfield. The letter was published in many of the State papers, and from that, a call for a meeting was issued at Springfield. The response to that call was beyond the most hopeful expectations; ways were devised to raise means for re-interring the bodies and earnest work was begun to raise funds for this sacred purpose. About three thousand dollars was raised in a few months, and a contract let for the removal of bodies from Wilson's Creek, Hartville, and the graves about Springfield. South of Spring- field two and one-half miles, the government had located a cemeter}^, and the city of Springfield had located her cemetery close by. The Confederate Cemetery Association also decided to locate in that locality and bought three acres of ground close by the National Cemetery, the city o^ming a street between them. Five hundred and four bodies were re-interred in the Confederate Cemetery, a plain picket fence enclosed the grounds and cedar head-boards marked the graves. Very few bore the names of the silent sleepers beneath. Among the few identified were Colonel Benjamin Brown, Lieutenant-Colonel Weightman, Lieutenant Jolmson and Colonel Austin, all from the battle ground at Wilson's Creek. In 18.70 the ladies of St. Louis gave — 221 — an entertainment for the benefit of the Confederate Cemetery at Springfield, and sent \is the proceeds which amounted to- $500.00. This amount reached us in the shape of two hundred acres of wild land in Pulaski County which the Association held and paid taxes on until about ten years ago when it was sold for $200.00 which was used in the erection of a sexton's house at the cemetery. After all the bodies had been found and re- intorred, the Association, in 1872, changed its name to the Springfield Monument Association, liaving for its object the building of a monument to the memory of our dead, and the beautifying of the cemetery grounds. In 1872, we had under the auspices of the Monument Association the first decoration of graves. Colonel Kichard H. Musser, being the orator. After that the Association rested a while and for want of funds and some lack of interest the cemetery fell into dilapidation. Single handed and alone Springfield had done a great work and as time passed by, the responses to appeals for help met with slow and small returns. Feeling the need of a wider field than our own locality for assistance, our Association sometime in the early eighties deeded our cemetery to the "Confederate Veteians' Association of Missouri." In 1882 at Sedalia, Mis- souri, during a meeting of the above Association, attention was called to the needs of the cemetery, which resulted in the build- ing of a wall at a cost of nearly $G,000.00. The city of Springfield donated the street which separated us from the National Cemetery and the government gave us permission to join fences and save the expense of one-fourth the wall. Our Monument Association was appointed as Guardians and Custodians of the cemetery and we kept working along quietly hoping some day to be able to rear a shaft to the memory of our dead, and, when it seemed almost a hopeless task, several ladies of Springfield decided they would at least have headstones at the graves and with that object in view made a canvass of the towTi, which soon resulted in a neat marble headstone being placed at each grave. About this time it was thought best to build a soldiers' home in the State, and we were asked to give up for the present the hope of having a monument in our cemetery and divert every dollar to the building of the home. Through all the months and years of the struggle for the maintenance of the Home our Monument Association kept 2''2 CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, ;Unveiled 1901. Springfield, Missouri. bravely on, giving most of its earnings — and they were scant at times — to the Home, biit always reserving enough to defray the expenses of Memorial Day and keeping the cemetery gi'onnds in order. After a time, some officers of the Home Association seemed to recognize the fact that faithful Springfield had silently and uncomplainingly done more than her share, and told onr Association that if we would send one hundred dollars more we would not be asked again. We gladly complied with those terms and could hardly wait to send our check. We were free once more to work for our monument. Many of us who had started out in the early dawn of hopeful youth had grown gray in the cause and were getting hopeless and very little interest was evinced from that time on until we went into the State Association of Daughters of the Confederacy, with headquarters at St. Louis, they pledging at least five thousand dollars and that our monument be the first to be completed. From that time on a new impetus was given to the monument and being brought in close touch with many prominent and enthusiastic ex-Confederates and others interested we soon grew to feel that we would have the Monument, and as our success increased our ideas expanded and we worked for a bronze figure, to cost twelve thousand dollars, and we got it. Of this amount we think the Springfield Association can justly claim to have raised about one-fifth. On August 10th, 1901, our monument was imveiled with appropriate ceremonies, the grounds of the cemetery having been put in good order, the wall pointed up, the cottage painted, and on summing up the amount our cemetery had cost, including the price of the monument, about twenty-five thousand dollars. The object for which we were organized being now attained we will continue to work to beautify our cemetery, and having in April, 1901, joined the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, will assist in all worthy objects brought to our notice. This year we will send one hundred dollars to the Jefferson Davis monument fund; twenty dollars to the Memorial Window in Old Blandford Church, Petersburg, Virginia; fifteen dollars to the Fort Smith, Arkansas, monument fund; and, although we hardly hope for the same enthusiasm and interest heretofore evinced when the object was so near our homes and our hearts, — 223 — we t\vl !«tV ill tv^ the sucvv^ v>i the ^r.. ..... . ;o Ovmi- fetieratevl S<^uthera Memorial Assv^viatkxii i$ onr^jaiiiswl. W . . ^tcvry of ^Youla^^$ m>rk " "^ ., . . — --. .. -X- ••v.v> itt re^\>^uititv>i\ of the ?jti>tiUKV reiiderevl bv Mr?. \Y. J. lUwUni. the jmxjeut ^xf the State Monuuiewt Asssooiiitiou. Mrs, \\\ J. ^v' v^ picture apjx\*rs^ iu thi* hii^torw was K^rn in .. KettliKkv. Her parewts \\vr«> Jeremiali aiu\ Artkuutrta Fonl. She vras evUieate^l in Keutuekw evxm|\lerii\s: her txhuation in the Pretji»yterian OoUe^^ at HarrvxHnir^. Keutuckw She r>?n\ovevl with her jvireuts to Mij^niri in 18t>0. rvtiivUug in Shelbv Count\\ She was niarriev^ to the lUvn. W. J. Havdon. o' "^' ■>, Missouri, iu ISt^T. and in ISt^ thev r^niK^vovi to S , Miss^niri. where thev haw siiuv rx^ivUxi Mrf« Havden was one amoti^ the tirst to en^ra^" in this noWe work, and t'rv»m t* :o the pivttent writii\sr. she has never ct^isevL In everv . ,.- haviuvj for its v^bjtvt the raising of funds to ev>inplete the work she has Kvn among the first. In 1SS3 she called a meeting of the laditN? of S^^riuirfiehi. and org^iniztHl a monument assvviation, she Wing eUvteil r-o<:T.-.c and serving tive x-ears, A cut ^vf the monnment /i by the help of this AssvXMation adorns one of the pages s lx>ok. In li^O:? she was eUvtt\l rre^idout of the State Monument Association, which ol^ce she still holds: she went as i" " " ' Convention of the Oimfevleratk\l Southern \" vm at Oallas. Texas, Mrs. Havvlon is a wonuin oi large experience and extvutive ability, of a tine Christian character and a helper in all gvHxl works. KKnw UroNAi.i.. — :•< — CONFEDEEATE MEMORIAL SOCIETY OP MISSOURI. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURL The Confederate Memorial Society of Missouri was organized May 30, 1900. Many of its charter members were ladies who had partly engaged in memorial work since 1865. When the need of ministering to the wants and alleviating the sufferings of their soldiers ceased, they took up the holy duty of memorial work. This work has never languished through all these years, and when larger fields and greater scope for achievement was offered by the Confederated Southern Memorial Association they eagerly responded by forming a strictly Memorial Society and becoming a charter member of that body. This Society has taken the liveliest interest in organizing memorial societies throughout the State. Our President, Mrs. Leroy B. Valliant, effected the organization of the Jefferson City Society and was complimented by an honorary membership. The Blandford Society at Mexico also owes its being to her enthusiasm and zeal. Mrs. Celeste Pim, the enthusiastic Vice-President, is ever on the alert to assist in all memorial work. She is a native of St. Louis, Missouri, and a descendant of the earliest French settlers. During the war she gave all the aid and comfort in her power to the cause of the South. In 1865 she married Dr. Louis Tousard Pim. He was a native of West Chester, Chester County, Pennsylvania, but was identified with the South since childhood. He died in the City of St. Louis on the 24th of June, 1888. Mrs. Pim held the office of Treasurer for many years in the "Daughters of the Confederacy of Missouri." With untiring zeal she assisted in the movement to erect a Home for Confederate soldiers at Higginsville, Missouri, and she contri- buted largely to the first Confederate monument at Springfield, Missouri. Mrs. Pim has two daughters, Mrs. Celeste P. Rose and Mrs. A. Hayden Kay, of St. Louis, and three sons. Dr. Louis T. Pim, Jr., Robert and Howard Pim. We cannot refrain from mentioning the original Memorial Society at Springfield —organized in 1865, thus becoming the nucleus of memorial work in the State of Missouri. These dear women ministered to the wounded and dying at Wilson's Creek, and it must always be borne in mind that Missouri was bounded on three sides by the enemy. It is with regret that we have to acknowledge that, while our society has been enabled to raise large sums of money in St. Louis by amusing the people, we can not have any public celebration or speeches, in honor of our beloved President, Jefferson Davis, because the public is lacking in the necessary sentiment. Memorial work commends itself most persuasively to noble, generous spirits, especially memorials to those who gave their lives for the "Confederate Cause." Therefore, it is not surprising that when the Ladies' Memorial Association of Petersburg, Virginia, asked the assistance of every Camp and Association in re-habilitating "Old Blandford Church," our Society responded most lovingly. Five hundred dollars was pledged for a Missouri Memorial Window in that historic Church, and three hundred dollars for the Jefferson Davis monument. Our efforts to raise these sums have been crowned with great success, and the Society is rounding up its record year of organized existence with a large membership, fulfilled pledges, and the courage and ambition to press forward to yet greater achievements. "Porgetting the things which are behind and reaching forth unto these things which are before, we press toward the mark for the prize of our high calling." The State of Missouri sent $1,205.23 to the Confederate Bazaar in Richmond, Va., in April, 1903, for the joint benefit of the Confederate Museum and the Jefferson Davis Monument fund. A large proportion of this generous sum was contributed by the Confederate Memorial Society of St. Louis. NORTH CAROLINA LADIES' MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, EALEIGH, NOETH CAEOLINA. Very soon after the conchision of the war between the States, involving- as it did, ruin to our country and bitter disappoint- ment and humiliation to our people, the hearts and minds of the women of the South turned to the duty of caring for the bodies of our soldiers who lay on a hundred battle fields, or who Avere scattered in cemeteries rudely laid out near hospitals or the sites of former camps, in many cases exposed to desecration, or in danger of being confused with the Federal dead. The Avom- en of Ealeigh were no laggards in this sacred task, and at a meet- ing held in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol, May 23rd, 1866, a society Avas formed called the " Wohe County Ladies' Memorial Association, the object of the Association being to protect and care for the graves of our Confederate soldiers. The remains of most of them Avere buried in the vicinity of Ealeigh, chiefly on the grounds of the present Federal Cemetery Avhich was con- fiscated by the United States authorities Avhen in command at this point. This movement Avas led by such noble, tried and true spirits as ]\Irs. L. 0. B. Branch, Mrs. John Devereaux, Mrs. George W. ]\Iordecai, Mrs. H. W. Miller, Mrs. William E. Cox, Mrs. K. P. Battle, Mrs. E. Graham Hayand, Mrs. Annie Bushel, Mrs. Lucy Evans, Mrs. Drusy Lacey, Mrs. H. W. Husted, Mrs. John G. Williams, Mrs. Chas. E. Johnson, Mrs. W. G. Hill, Mrs. Ellen Mordecai, Mrs. Henry Mordecai, Mrs. T. H. Selby, Mrs. H. S. Smith, Miss Sophia Portridge, Mrs. May Speight, Miss Mildred Comesau, Miss Sallie Hayand and Miss Annie Law- rence. After prayer and an address by the late Eev. Dr. Lacey, the folloAving officers Avere chosen. Mrs. L. 0. B. Branch, Presi- dent; Mrs. Henry Miller, First Vice-President; Mrs. Lucy B. Evans, Second Vice-President; Mrs. Eobert Lines, Third Vice- President; Mrs. Mary Lacey, Fourth Vice-President; Miss So- phia Portridge, Secretary; Miss Minnie Mason, Treasurer; with — 227 — the following advisory Council. George W. Mordecai, P. F. Pescud, H. W. Husted, William Grines, B. C. Mouly, and Gen. W. E. Cox. It was in the mind of Miss Sophia Portridge, a lady distin- guished for her purity, refinement, and sympathetic nature, that the thought of organizing an association for the re-interment and future care of our dead Heroes first dawned, and it is to her influence and persistent exertions that the first Confederate Cemetery in the late Confederate States of which the writer has any knowledge was organized, and no mother ever nursed her first horn with the care she gave to keeping the Cemetery in good order, and to making the Memorial Association a success. She loved and sympathized with every plan intended to alleviate the sorrows and pains of the sick, soldiers during the war and when an improvised hospital was furnished near the old Fair Grounds, she was preeminent among the workers. Until the close of the war she was found in the hospitals, cheering and comforting the sick and the wounded, and when these died she saw that boards with their names were placed at the heads of their graves, and thus were the names of many preserved. How^ THE Lot was Secured. Having no lot and no money to buy one, voluntary contribu- tions were made by the ladies and jMrs. Henry Burgwyn and Messrs. George Mordecai, James B. Shepard, Francis Gilliam, Paul C. Comerin, P. F. Pescud, Father ]\Ic]Sramara and Gen. Thomas Clingman became life members by paying one hundred dollars each. Besides these, contributions w'cre made by our citizens generally, and many ladies became life members by pay- ing one dollar, through the efforts of a committee comprising some of the most charming maidens then known in this city. The late George W ilordecai, whom everybody loved and whose memory is and ever will be cherished by all who knew him, and Mr. P. F. Pescud, another patriotic and devoted citizen, were appointed to select and secure a suitable lot. After devoting an hour or two every day for some weeks to a survey of the suburbs, the premises now kno\vn as the "Ladies' Memorial Cemetery" was agreed upon. This land was owned by the late Henry ^lordecai, and this gentleman knew that Mr. Pescud, as a member of the City Council, had for years advocated the necessity of a larger and more suitable cemetery than the old one on Horgelt Street, — 228 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1895. Raleigh, North Carolina. and insisted that one should be sec-ured and beautified. When therefore, in compan}' with Mr. George Mordecai he asked Mr. Henry Mordecai to make a donation of as many acres as the ladies wanted, and as an inducement for such liberality agreed to raise a joint stock company to purchase his land ad- joining and to convert it into a cemetery and park, the gener- ous Mordecai replied: "Mr. Pescud, the Ladies' Memorial Asso- ciation is welcome to as many acres of my land as is needed for such a sacred purpose without any consideration, and not only this, but concerning the enterprise you refer to, and which has been so long on your heart, I will aid you to the extent of mv ability in the price of the land wanted for the purpose." With the assistance of Col. W. E. Anderson, then Cashier of the State National Bank, and who was for years the faithful Treasurer of the Association, the Oakwood Cemetery was soon organized. Hence tf: the Ladies' Memorial Association are our citizens indebted for that most beautiful park and cemetery, and to the lamented George W. Mordecai, whose abounding charity God only knows are they chiefly indebted for the adornments made therein. A pnrt of nearly every day until his last fatal illness he spent in superintending tlie improvements of the grounds. Conditions of the Gkounds When Donated. The land was covered with native oaks and pines and was full of gulches. On the west side was a deep ravine and the cost of removing superfluous trees by the roots, grading, terracing, opening the walks and graves more than absorbed all the money raised, and a further call for funds had to be made. This was liberally responded to. The work of preparing the grounds was done by Mr. John Walters under the direction of IMr. P. P. Pes- cud. DiS-INTERRING AND Ee-INTERRING THE BODIES OF OuR DeAD. The late Geo. W. Whiting* was chairman of the Committee to ascertain where our fallen heroes were buried and to have their remains dis-interred and removed to the Cemetery. He, assisted by Misses Blanche Brigg, Annie Lovejoy and Sue B. Pescud, re- marked in pencil all the head-boards at the graves they found and prepared a list of the names written thereon. Before the graves were opened Mr. P. F. Pescud, aided by the ladies, received and superintended the re-interment of the remains, which work occu- *The late George W. Whiting has 1011? since passed away ; he is at rest in the Confederate Cemetery, and a verse from one of his poems is engraved on the face of a Confederate Monument, which stands at the Northeast corner of the Cemetery. — 229 — pied several weeks. It is in this connection proper to mention that we were forced to re-inter the remains of our noble soldiers be- fore the Cemetery was in readiness, because of the heartlessness of the wretch sent by the authorities at Washington City to pre- pare a Cemetery for the Federal dead in which confiscated ground most of our dead were buried. This said Nero sent insulting messages to the Memorial Association insisting on the removal of the Confederate dead before the cemetery was in readiness for the graves to be opened and finally threatened that if our dead were not removed in twenty-four hours their remains would be thrown in the public road. It is needless to say this inhuman conduct and threat, com- ing from such a source, moved to activity every loyal citizen of the town and with commendable alacrity they responded to the call of the ladies and preparations were immediately begun for their removal to the Cemetery. This work was done almost entirely by the young men of the city who had fought side by side with their comrades. It was a " labor of love." They came with picks and wheel barrows determined never to cease until the last Southern soldier was removed to a place of safety. They were assisted in this work by our faithful women walking by tlfbir sides, cheering and encouraging them as they trudged the weary distance between the two cemeteries imder a scorching summer sun. One good woman, seeing them almost overcome by the task, begged a cask of beer and walking by their side gave it out as she saw they needed it. Just here a touching little in- cident. One of the coffins had been a little strained at its join- ings, by handling, allowing a long, half curled lock of fair hair to escape, which hung down as the coffin was lifted from the wagon. That the young men of this day may appreciate the value of the work done so cheerfully and yet with so much sad- ness of soul, we will state that when most of the coffins reached the cemetery they were sadly in need of repairs, others were half full of a most offensive fluid, as the coffins at the top leaked badly. In removing them from the wagons to the graves, the persons and clothing of those thus employed were thoroughly saturated, but such was the love of our noble boys for their late comrades in arms and so heartily did they sympathize with the ladies in their Avork, that none flinched or complained, though some were physically prostrated by excessive fatigue. The work of removing our dead from the s])ot where lliey were so obnox- — 230 — EX-PRESIDENTS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS. I. Mrs. Philip Williams. Winciicster, Virginia. 3. Mrs. Bettie Walters Flinn, Danville, Virginia. 5. Mrs. Thomas J. Hamilton, Thomson, Georgia. 2. Mrs. E. D. Wright, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 4- Mrs. Joseph B. Batchelor, Raleigh, North Carolina. 6. Mrs. M. R. Barbour, Manassas, Virginia. ious being accomplished, attention was now turned to gathering them from far off battlefields. The thirsty soil of Gettysburg drank in some of the best ])lood of jSTorth Carolina and from this place one hundred and thirty-seven bodies were brought home at one time^ one hundred and thirty-seven graves, with open, hungry mouths, to receive a like number of bodies, was a scene rarely witnessed by human eyes. At this time the La- dies' Memorial Association was formally organized and work was begun putting tlie Cemetery in order. The walks were laid off, grass seed sown, flowers and shrubs planted, a handsome Confederate Monument was erected and a beautiful iron pavil- lion was placed in the center of the grounds, wooden headstones were exchanged for granite ones and the present system of marking them by numbers and recording both name and num- ber in a register was adopted. We have in our Cemetery handsome and imposing monu- ments to the following brave and distinguished men: Gen. George B. Anderson, Col. Harry Burgwyn, Col. Turner Mc- Loud, Col. Eandolph A. Shotnell and Capt. W. C. Stronch. In 1883 one hundred and seven Confederate dead were removed from the National Cemetery at Arlington and with all the sol- emnity befitting the occasion were laid to rest in their own na- tive soil. At the rate of one per month the Veterans from our Soldiers' Home near the city are transferred to our " City of the Dead/' which keep the number ever increasing. We now num- ber about one thousand graves of as brave men as ever drew sword for their country. Lying side by side with our IsTorth Carolina dead are forty-six South Carolinians, forty-four Geor- gians, eight Alabamians, eight Mississippians, four Virginians, two Floridians, two Tennesseeans, one Texan, hung by order of Kilpatrick for firing on the streets of Ealeigh as his command approached the Capitol on the morning of the surrender), one Louisianan, one from Arkansas, three Confederate States Ma- rines and one hundred and six unknown dead. The cemetery is divided into sections, and each State has allotted to it a certain portion. Granite head stones have been placed at the head of each grave on which are inscribed the name of the soldier, the State from which he came, and each for future reference has been renumbered. At a meeting of the Association held May 3d, 1867, it was decided that the 10th of May, being the anni- versary of the death of the immortal Stonewall Jackson, should 231 — be observed as "Memorial Day"' and that the exercises should be public so far as to meet in the Capitol square and to proceed from tlionce to the Cemetery. The older members of the Asso- ciation well remember the meeting in the room at the Capitol square of a number of faithful men and women who walked to the cemetery carrying their garlands and crosses of flowers, and closely followed and watched by several Federal otBcers detailed by the military authorities who then governed the State, to see that no procession was formed. " Indeed the threat was made that if the Ladies' Memorial Association, chiefly women and children did form a procession, if would be fired on without fur- ther warning.'' On this day there were no exercises of any kind, not even a prayer, and it demanded some courage and indepen- dence from those who walked imder the dripping skies, through the ankle deep mud of the country road which is now "Oakwood Avenue" to fulfill this poor duty to the dead. Beautiful Oak- wood did not then exist. The Confederate Cemetery was a solitary enclosure in the woods full of newly made graves^ scarcely giving promise of the neatness and order which now marks the sacred spot. October 4th, 18G9, Mrs. L. 0. B. Branch resigned the office of President, which she had exercised with great ability, contribut- ing greatly to the success of the Association, and Mrs. T. H. Sel- by was elected in her place. Mrs. Selby died in 1870 and Mrs. H. T. Smith was elected. At her death Mrs. Robert Lewis be- came President. Since that time the Presidents have been Mrs. Robert H. Jones, Mrs. Leo D. Heorlt, Mrs. Joseph B. Batchelor and Mrs. Garland Jones, who now fills the office. At the annual meeting June 27th, 1883, it was moved by Mrs. W. S. Prim- rose and adopted by the Ladies' Memorial Association, that in the future, the subject of the oration on Memorial Day, be the war services of one of the generals or of some distinguished offi- cer of North Carolina, or some notable event connected with the State's history, that the orator be chosen by the family of the officer, who should be selected as the subject, and that the orations be placed among the archives of the State as material for history. For seventeen years this rule has l)een observed and we now have a collection of most valuable orations delivered by some of the States' most gifted orators. In this length of time the lives of Generals Branch, Pender, Ramseur, Grimes, Pettigrew, Tlill, Wliiting, Daniels, Ransom, Anderson, Cling- — 232 — ham, Laerenthorpe, McRae and Gordon have been subjects. Also addresses on the " Junior Eeserves " and " Private Soldiers " of North Carolina, the "Immortal 26th Regiment" and "The events that led np to the war and the first year of the war." At the first annual meeting of the xissociation held in the Commons Hall in the Spring of 1867, a large assemblage of our citizens were addressed by that gallant gentleman and unusually gifted orator, the late Major Seaton Gates. Since then the following orators have had the honor to address the Association : Capt. J. J. Davis, Maj. W. M. Bobbins, Gen. M. W. Eansom, Col. Eobt. H. Cowon, Gen. Wade Hampton, Col. W. F. Green, Gen. W. R. Cox, Capt. Samuel A. Ashe, Capt. Samuel T. Wil- ling, Capt. E. R. Stamps, Col. Thomas C. Fuller, Col. Ed. Gra- ham Hayand, Col. Wharton J. Green, Maj. John W. Moore, Col. L. L. Polk, Col. W. H. H. Cowles, Col. H. A. London, Governor A. M. Scoles, Judge W. R. Bennett, Honorable B. H. Bunn, Judge A. C. Avery, Judge W. A. Montgomery, Hon. Febius H. Busbee, Capt. C. B. Denson, Col. Edmond Jones, Col. A. M. Woddell, Maj. Graham Daves, and Judge Duncan McRae. The pastors of the several churches of the city have alternately acted as Chaplains and some of the most distinguished gentle- men of the city have gallanty acted as Chief Marshal. On May 7th, 1893, at the annual meeting of the Association an auxiliary was formed comprising the young ladies of the city with the following officers and members: Miss Margie Busbee (now Mrs. William Shipp), President; Miss Mabel Hale, Vice-President; Miss Allie Gates, Secretary; Miss Helen Mc- Rae, Treasurer. Members : Misses Mary and Elizabeth Daniels Annie Busbee, Lizzie Jackson, Nannie Jones, Florence Jones,^ Lorie Parks, Nannie Craig, Ethel Bogley, Blanche Blake, Kate Stronck, Mary Shipp, Mamie Cowper, Maggie Cowper, Louise Busbee, Sophie Busbee, Nellie Heart, Mildred Badger, Lula Ellington, Lizzie Ellington, Elizabeth Hinsdale, and Mar- garet Hinsdale. The Association feels quite satisfied to leave its work in the hands of these worthy young women feeling sure the trust will be sacredly guarded. Mrs. Joseph B. Batche- lor was elected President of the Ladies' Memorial Association. During her term of office, which lasted eight years, little work of importance was undertaken, the formative period of the As- sociation having passed. But interest in the work was kept alive and has increased and much was done at the cemetery in — 233 — the way of beaiitiiying the grounds and pknting trees and flow- ers. Mrs. Batchelor resigned her office, .April 17th, 1893, and Mrs. Garland Jones was elected to fill her place, and Mrs. F. A. Olds as Secretary. On April 8, 1897, Mrs. Olds resigned and Miss Annie S. Devereaux was elected to fill her place, which position she still holds and serves with fidelity and love. Since Mrs. Jones assumed the duties of President, the work of the Association has been continued. All the records of the Associa- tion, including a list of the names of all the dead in the ceme- tery', liave been carefully copied and deposited in the citizens' book in the vault. The graves of the dead brought here from Arlington have been marked by suitable stones and the nucleus of an endowment has been placed at interest. Some slight changes have been made in the details of Memorial Day exercis- es which it is hoped will make these services more solemn and dignified and more truly in harmony with the feelings of those most vitally interested. It is the hope and the prayer of the older members of the Ladies' Memorial Association that this work be not allowed to die with the passing away of its founders of that generation, which knew the birth of the "storm beaten nation," and which mourns its fall, and whose hearts cherish the fadeless glories of the Confederate flag; but that the younger women to whom these glories are only a tradition will keep alive the memory of tlie men who died for the "Southern Cause/' but who died not in vain, for they died for a great principle and their blood sends a message down through all time. "The re- ward is in heaven — and their works do follow them." Our Con- federate Cemetery is the exclusive property of the Ladies' Mem- orial Association and within the enclosure the Presixlent of the Ladies' Memorial Association has absolute authority in all mat- ters. We have no appropriation and never appeal to the pub- lic for aid, but depend entirely on the annual dues of the few faithful and devoted members for support. Death has sadly thinned our ranks, until now only about seventy-five of the noble band of women who organized this association remain and from this number about sixty-three dollars are annually col- lected. Out of this amount the Cemetery is kept in order and the necessary expenses of Memorial Day are borne. To keep in good condition a lot of two and one-half acres containing about one thousand graves necessarily requires some expenditure of money. The hedges and shrubbery are to be — 234 — kept trimmed and in order, underbrush cleared away, young trees to supply the fast decaying forest, are every year set out, and such flowers as are suitable for the place are kept growing. From May until October the grass is cut once a month. A mound of beautiful growing flowers has been made of a once unsightly spot. The walks that had been badly mashed have been graded, crushed gravel having been used for the purpose and about eight thousand bricks used in draining them. The pavillion has been repaired and repainted. In fact a great deal of much needed work is done every year at the cemetery, and much remains to be done before we can make the last resting place of our fallen heroes the beautiful spot we would have it. The liistory of the " Wohe County Memorial Association " is perhaps one of the most interesting in Xortli Carolina as under its auspices much outside work has been accomplished. It was through its efforts the Soldiers' Home was built and through its efforts the magnificent monument that stands at the Western gate of the Capitol was erected, the Monument Association, having been formed of members of the Memorial Association. When the remains of our beloved President Davis were carried through the State for re-interment in Eichmond, the Memorial Association, acting with a Committee of Confederate Veterans, had the honor of receiving and caring for them as they lay in State in the rotunda of the Capitol, at which time, leaving at a late hour, the Governor of the State, was not authorized to invite State troops to be present. The President of the Asso- ciation sent out invitations to each military organization to at- tend. Several companies accepted the invitation and were hand- somely entertained at the Yorbrough House by the Association. Since the organization of the "Daughters of the Confederacy" in this city, the Memorial Association has always united with the Daughters in all patriotic work and imder their united effort a great deal has been accomplished, both for the Soldiers' Home and the Confederate Yeterans. The very successful Baz- aar held in our city a few years ago for the Yeterans was under the auspices of the Ladies' Memorial Asociation and the Daugh- ters of the Confederacy. The President endeavors conscien- tiously to keep up the good work commenced by her predecessors and for this purpose, with the exception of the necessary expense of Memorial Day, all of the annual dues of the patriotic, faith- ful members of the Association are expended. Yery few of the charter meml)ers of this Association are left, most of them have crossed over the river to their reward and after a few more part- ings, and after a few more tears, those who survive will likewise pass over to meet them and other loved ones who are waiting and watching at the " beautiful gate." The present officers of the Ladies' Memorial Association are: Mrs. Garland Jones, Presi- dent ; Miss Annie L. Devereaux, Secretary ; Mrs John S. PuUen, Treasurer. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. A. M. McPheeters, Mrs. Armistead Jones, Mrs. Walter Clarke, Mrs. C. B. Denson, Mrs. ^\^ II. Hughes, Mrs. John Hinsdale, Mrs. Charles Root, Mrs. E. E. Moffit, Mrs. Margaret Shipp, Mrs. Walter ]\Iontgomery, Miss Kate McEemmon. Advisory Board : Dr. P. E. Hines, Col. Thos. S. Kenon, Mr. W. S. Primrose, Hon. Richard H. Battle, Capt. Saml. A. Ashe, Mr. W. H. Hughes, Mr. R. S. Gray, Mr. A. B. Stronch, Mr. Marshall De Lacy Hayand. With the co-operation of the patriotic citizens of this city the ladies of the Memorial Association will continue as they have done to discharge their duties with the fidelity that has ever characterized their man- agement. la this volume will be found the picture of Mrs. Josepli B. Batchelor, a woman deserving of special mention for her fine qualities of head and heart. !Mrs. Batchelor died in 1900, she was greatly beloved, her friends were numerous in all sections of the country. j\Iiss Sophia Partridge, the foimder of the Ladies' ^lemorial Association, passed away about twenty-five years ago, but her spirit is still with us, and the beautiful work inaugurated by her is still carried on with loving care. LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA. When the dark clouds of war spread over this beautiful Southland of ours in 1861, the women of the South enlisted in a cause from which there is no discharge. Yoimg and old, gray haired matron, as well as blushing womanhood, were enrollec in a cause that is ^\Titten upon the heart of every truly loyal Southern woman. 'Tis true we marched not forth in martial line, but we taught to the world the beautiful lesson of patient — 238 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1888. Washington, North Carolina. endurance and unyielding faith, and by our hope and sympathy inspired a great principle within the bosom of every Confeder- ate Soldier, which can never die. 'Tis said that Stephen D. Lee was asked after his surrender at Vicksburg, why did not the Southern people give up, he re- plied, "The women of the South would never agree to it." Gen. Lee said, " If it had not been for the devotion of the Southern women the war would not have lasted over two years." " The brightest star upon our shield, Undimmed without a stain. Is that, we refused to yield — Refused alas — in vain." Ours was a fight of watching, cheering, weeping and pray- ing, and when all was lost, we sat alone in our defeat and with •" a sorrow which never flitting " still is written on the tablets of the heart. Our greatest victory began at Appomattox a "scene upon which no Confederate Soldier ever enters without uncov- ered head and no truly Southern woman except on bended knee." When husband and father lay down shield and buckler near the apple tree and with parole placed next to the heart, un- der the threadbare and faded old gray jacket, as they returned to our desolate home, then and there we gained our greatest vic- tory—that of heroic patience. We sing no loud oratorios of vic- tory, we celebrate no national jubilees, we sing of our great suffering in a low minor strain. We wreathe no graves with victor's laurels, but mournfully mingle the laurels with cypress and deck their last resting place. When the end came, did we sit with folded hands ? Nay, with uncomplaining fortitude, we "accepted the situation" and though our once beautiful town that had nestled so peacefully upon the historic banks of the Pamlico, lay now a blackened ruin, the tall chimneys like lone sentinels stood guard over once happy homes. We cheerfully went, some of us, from cushioned parlors to hard washboards; from pleasant homes to distant cities, to live among strangers, thereby supporting aged mothers and sometimes, crippled fath- ers. The silken gown was exchanged for the homespun dress, and fair hands became the bent and wrinkled hands of toil. So we then began our struggles and have thus fought a valiant bat- tle, until within almost every Southern home dwells a heroine. While thus engaged had we forgotten our dead? Oh, no, with the cry of need daily in our ears, many without homes, no — 237 — churches in which to worship onr God, we could not reach be- yond ; but were utterly powerless financially. The women of Beaufort County, North Carolina, are multi- millionaires in self-sacrifice and devotion to that which they conceive to be right. True to their nature, they cling to their loved and lost, with a devotion that is undying ; out of such love sprang the Memorial Association of Beaufort County, which was organized at Washington, N. C, in September, 1893, with the following officers: Mrs. Bryan Grimes, President; Mrs. J. G. Bragaw, Vice-President; Miss Maggie Sparrow, Secretary; and Miss E. M. B. Hoyt, Treasurer. Since the President was a non-resident of the town, the arduous work of the Association fell upon the A^ice-President and most faithfully did she per- form lier duty. To her untiring zeal is due much of the success. She continued in office until God's finger touched her and she slept. Our dead were in every cemetery of the town, so on every Memorial Day, a march was made to every grave ; and right here I must call a few names of that faithful company: 'Mrs. J. G. Bragaw, Mrs. Frank Havens, Mrs. Sarah Podding, Mrs. Xat. Harding, Mrs. Charles Gallagher, Mrs. Eichard Lewis, Mrs. C. M. Payne, Mrs. Sallie Gallagher, Mrs. Charles Thomas, Mrs. Oliver Jarvis, Mrs. Christine Jarvis, Mrs. Mury MacDon- ald, Misses Sallie Midgett, Sallie Cowell, Mattie Fowle, Bettie Ho^i;, Eleanor and ^Tary ^loules, Mrs. Waldron, Mrs. Joseph Saunders, Mrs. T. J. Harding, Mrs. W. B. Morton, Mrs. Mar- garet Arthur Call, and others. Through rain and heat, many old and feeble, they marched just in the roar of the military; they never faltered and no grave was neglected. Some years ago, as we passed down the street in one of the marches, on Memorial Day an ex-Confederate remarked to another, " I saw endurance and fortitude during the war but that is al)out as good marching as I have ever seen." As prosperity began to smile upon us we desired something more lasting than floAvers. "We wanted to erect a monument to those who live in fame, but not in life. We began to solicit contributions and many of the merchants and citizens responded liberally. Wo gave dinners and otlier entertainments ; with the aid of the young ladies and gentlemen wo held a concert and realized over two hundred dol- lars, tbe largest amount raised at one time hero since tlio war, up to tliat time, thus showing tliat if you want to touch tlio hearti of Beaufort County, speak of hor heroes. The ]\remorial — 238 — Associations throughout the whole South have done a noble and grand work. We love the old South, we love her for the victories she has won and the history she has made, which is not only the admira- tion of her own country, but also beyond the seas. We stood by her in her suffering, and with her have worked up from defeat to prosperity. Dixie land now blossoms like a rose, she has trampled disaster under her feet. The busy hum of the Confeder- ate Soldier's hammer has made music as she rose from her ashes. Our more fortunate brothers have erected costly monuments of stone and enduring brass to immortalize the ashes of their dead, while we, in most cases, have only been able to erect ours in tender hearts and sacred memory. A granite shaft surmounted by the statue of a private soldier stands upon a beautiful plat in the center of Oakdale Cemetery. In this plat we inter the sacred dust of Veterans, if so requested. The monument cost $3,250.00. When the corner stone was laid. May 10, 1888, Gov- ernor Daniel Fowle, a native of our city, was the orator ; Gen- eral Lewis was the Chief Marshal; P. H. Busbee, Grandmaster of Masons, officiated. Here the dogwood pitches her white tent in the Springtime and daises whiten hill and dale with fragrant snow. Blue birds and robins trill their love songs in woodland bower. Gentle winds from Pamlico's gentle bosom sing soft re- quiem. White-winged angels sing a lullaby O'er the sacred dust where heroes lie. With folded wings and bending low They sweetly sing where flowers grow Above our sleeping dead. After the completion of the monument, the Confederate dead in surrounding cemeteries were interred at the monument. The remains of seventeen of Georgia's soldiers, who were killed in de- fence of the city, September 1863, were tenderly placed under its welcome shadowy through the tender ministrations of Mrs. W. H. Call. Charter Members: Mrs. J. G. Bragaw, Mrs. M. E. Brady, Mrs. H. 0. Handy, Mrs. A. B. Foreman, Mrs. J. B. Hoyt, Mrs. Charles Gallagher, Misses Annie Gallaglier, E. M. B. Hoyt, Sallie Midgett, Annie Demille, E. S. Sparrow, Caddie Sparrow, MamiQ Cowell, M. J. Sparrow, Sallie Cowell. Ere I close, let me lay a spray of Mignonette for love's sake, upon the grave of one who may truthfully be called the father — 239 — of the Memorial Association in our city, the late Maj. Thos. J. Sparrow. Like the fragrance of the Mignonette his devotion to this sacred cause still lingers with us. His tender loving heart always beat responsively to the call of the care-worn and needy, as he looked into the seamed and wrinkled faces of his old comrades ; he wanted to help them, and to the women of our patriotic old city he came with his burden. Love took it gladly, he knew where to go and to whom to come. To his memory and the company he commanded we have named our Chapter of the Children of the Confederacy, The Washington Gray Chapter — the first chapter organized in the State of North Carolina and the third in the South. The dear old flag is furled, The eleven stars are shining still, Upon the field of azure blue. The crimson bars we loved so well, The rainbow claims their scarlet hue ; The dove of peace has perched once more Upon our shields, and days of yore Live over in our hearts again. Margaret Arthur Call, Secretary. — 240 MRS. AMARINTHA SNOWDEN, Charleston, South Carolina. SOUTH CAROLINA LADIES' MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. On May 14th, 1866, a meeting of the Ladies of Charleston was held in the parlor of the Mills House, for the purpose of organizing an Association to perpetuate the martyrdom of the Confederate dead. The Rev. Dr. Backman was requested to act as Chairman of the meeting and commenced the ceremonies with an earnest prayer and the reading of the 31st Psalm, fol- lowed by a very chaste and appropriate address, reviewing the object for which the Association was about to be organized. Af- ter organization, officers were elected. President, Vice-President, Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Treasurer, and a Board of Directresses. Mrs. Mary Amarintha Snowden, who had been at the head of the Soldiers' Relief Association of Charleston during the war, was chosen as President, which position she held until her death in February, 1898. It was resolved, "That the Ladies of this Association visit the graves of the Confed- erate dead on the 16th of June, the anniversary of the Battle of Secessionville on James Island, near Charleston." At the second meeting it was resolved, "That the Ladies' Memorial Associa- tion of Charleston, inspired by a sacred love for their honored dead, most respectfully invite the ladies of every town and vil- lage throughout the State to unite with them on the 16th of June in assembling at the graves of Confederate dead, wherever one should sleep, from the mountains to the seaboard, for the purpose of strewing with garlands, accompanied with suitable exercises, the cherished resting places of the brave and noble martyrs of the State. Every paper in the State was requested to publish the above resolutions, and to call special attention to them. The day was generally observed throughout the State. Business was suspended in the city and several thousands of the citizens attended the ceremonies at Magnolia Cemetery. — 241 — After an oration, and during the singing of an ode composed for the occassion, the gi-aves were solemnly decorated. In 1867 it was impossible to follow the program of the previous year, it be- ing inadvisable in the position of our public affairs ; it was there- fore resolved, "Tluit all addresses, odes, and so forth be omitted, the graves of our noble dead to be quietly and unobtrusively decorated, so as to prevent all excuse for interference or collision with what would prove annoying," June being so late in the season it was determined to change the day for ^Memorial services to the 10th of May, the anniver- sary of the death of "Stonewall Jackson." The Board of Trustees of Magnolia Cemetery had given, during the war, a plat of ground where soldiers who were killed or had died in or near Charleston were interred. It was the desire of our Association to place a suitable monument in the center of this holy spot. In 1869 designs were called for and the corner stone of the moniiment was laid on "Memorial Day," in 1870. The Legisla- ture of South Carolina came liberally to the aid of the Associa- tion and gave $1000.00 — and a large quantity of granite and marble, left from the building of the State House in Columbia. By the time the Association M^as ready to receive it the govern- ment of the State had passed into the hands of those who had no sympathy with the objects of the Association. To overcome this obstacle required tlie unwearied perseverance of the Presi- dent of this Association, and she finally extorted from Governor Scott an order for the delivery of a part of the material wliich the Legislature had granted. It is from the material thus ob- tained that more than 800 headstones and the granite base which forms the pedestal of that inonument which now stands in the center of the Soldier's Plat have been erected. The Con- federate Dead who fell at Gettysburg early attracted the atten- tion of this Association. Those who fell and who lay in the battlefields of Virginia and Maryland we felt reposed among friends and sympathizers, but it was not so with those Avho fell in Pennsylvania. There the graves were regarded as those of rebels and traitors, and it was earnestly desired to bring home the soldiers of South Carolina who lay on the field of Gettys- burg, Here was a new case calling for the active energy of the President. She visited Gettysburg, where she found a gentleman, Mr. Weaver, who had looked with a friendly e)'e upon the Southern soldiers and who had taken such note? that the graves CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1882, Charleston, South Carolina. fteld of b»ttle and the owners of the ground refused to give up tte bodies un ess they were paid for. The perseverence of the President and .t should be added, of the farmer's wife, finally obtained his consent to their removal. A large numb;r we I lying m a field since set apart as a Union Cemetery, and it was necessary to obtain permission for their removal Thi wa obtained after some delay. Before the work of disinte men could be effected Mr. Weaver died, but his son. Dr. E B WeZ superintended the removal and interment of more than eighty Sou h Carolinians. The remains arrived in Charleston, and on the 10th of May, 1871, were buried in Magnolia Cemetery Headstones were also placed over the remains of thirty Con- Ashley River. The monument, the corner stone of which had been laid ,n 1870, was not ready for unveiling until the Fall of 1882, when It was unveiled with suitable ceremonies. This association paid $1,000 to the Trustees of Magnolia Cemetery hey agreeing to secure in perpetuity the proper care and attenl caHs for '°r- T ^™™'- " ''"^ '''""J'^ '^^P^d'^d to all Ca ol nl 1" ""/■f"'^ °' """""""'^ *" '"^ '^-^ <" South Carolina and assisted m reseuing from oblivion the neglected sons island. A contribution was sent in 1893 to the Jefferson H^L^rvTr^lt"' ""' - " '"^ ^'»'— ^^-~ generally, but for some years they have been made at the Confederate Home, by the young ladies of the Confederate Home ot the United Daughters of the Confederacy." Evergreens and moss are furnished free by friends, and wagons I" for conveyance of wreaths and crosses to the cemetery. No fees are collected, but bo.xes are held at the gate of the Cemetery b^ two maimed veterans, for contributions. The VeteransaLd .n a body escorted by most of the volunteer military companTes of the City, the Cadets of the South Carolina Military InsZt^ Alter the delivery of a prayer, the reading of an ode, an oration and the firing of a salute, just before fhe setting of the sun' m a spot overlooking the waters which were neve^ parted by" — 243 — hostile keel so long as an artillery-man remained with his port fire behind the gims which guarded them ; and in sight of Fort Suinter, the once battered and ragged fortress, which, though often assaulted was never carried by storm/' the graves are decorated to tlie strains of martial music. The solemn and beautiful exercises being ended, the large concourse departs, leaving the honored dead crowned with the tokens of an undying remembrance. Our Association consists now of the officers and directresses, many of whom we can not expect to have with us very much longer, but as our ranks are thinned we bring in some " daughter or grandaughter," thereby hoping to preserve our identity as an Association, and to keep up the honored custom and sacred duty of repairing once a year to lay garlands on the graves of the martyrs of the Southern Cause. Alice A. Gaillard Palmer, President. LADIES' COXFEDEEATE MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, FORT MILL, SOUTH CAROLINA. While heaven and earth were yet the requiem ringing, and wires throughout the world flashing the mournful message: — "The great executive of the Southern Confederacy has been released from martyrdom and his broken spirit, now healed in glory, basks in the Eternal rest of God," citizens assembled to revere and honor his great memory, the Veterans forming an Association in his name — likewise, at the same time, a few patriotic, sympathetic women banded together to aid, with heart and hand, in all the interests and endeavors of the "Jefferson Davis Memorial Association." It was the impulse of the hour, not one realizing it was a thread on history's page she was weav- ing. Our first records were lost, imfortunately. In two years our membership increased to thirty-two; resolutions were adopted and a new basis of government formed. An Executive Com- mittee of five were added to the controlling board. Our by-laws constitute the usual formula. In 1001 we were incorporated in the Confederated Soutliern ^lemorial Association. Miss Nan Thornwell, Miss Bessie White and ]\[rs. W. A. Watson have each served as Secretary and Treasurer. There lias been but one President, and she has gently and efficiently guided this band of earnost women. Long may she fill the chair she so — 244 — I. Confederate Monument. 2. Woman's Monument. CAPTAIN SAMUEL E. WHITE. 3. Slave Monument. 4. Catawba Indian Monument. Fort Mi;i, South Carolina. gTacefully and lovingly occupies. By death and removals our list is shortened and to-day our roll numbers but twenty-five. The governing board is composed as follows : Mrs. J. B. Mack, President; Mrs. S. E. White, first Vice-President; Mrs. J. M. Spratt, second Vice-President; Mrs. E. F. Grier, third Vice- President; Mrs. J. W. Ardery, fourth Vice-President; Mrs. L. P. Fulp, Secretary and Treasurer. While in 1897 quite a large chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy was formed here, to the Ladies' Memorial Association belongs the sacred privilege of leading the multitude in the annual Memorial Day services in honor of our heroic dead, the host who in valor sleep, whose wondrous deeds we keep as trophies of a stirring past in the shrine of our hearts held fast. To the day when all shall be crowned, a victor of true renown, for each "a crown shall wear because of the cross they bear." In 1890 the first monument to the soldiers of 61-65 was erected in Confederate Park by the Jefferson Davis Memorial Association. Five years later, through the veneration and love of our esteemed townsman and comrade, Capt. Samuel E. White, a monument to the women of the Confederacy, stood side by side with the soldiers' shaft, on whose tablet many local names of "heroines in the strife" are written in gilt engraving for all time, that while the Confederacy was young in years, no age shall dim the memory of our holy love. Col. Jno. P. Thomas, of Columbia. South Carolina, was the orator of the occasion. A copy of the united thanks of our Association was read, calling forth modest depreciation of his worth from the magnanimous donor. It is added to the fame of Capt. Samuel E White as a builder, that he is the first to crystallize into enduring marble, the Southerners' debt of gratitude to those faithful slaves who, in keeping the trust lain upon them to guard the homes, the property and honor of their masters who were serving the South on the field — will ever deserve forbearance from the people of the South. At the unveiling of this monument to the Faithful Slaves, Mr. Polk Miller of Richmond, Va., made a unique and inspiring address in eulogy of the slaves. Our Park, which has been thus dedicated, has passed into memorial ground of an honored antiquity, for in 1900 Capt. Saml. E Wliite and Mr. Jno. M. Spratt erected a fourth monu- ment, dedicated to the "Catawba Indians," which is a handsome and fitting testimonial to their friendly relations with the white race, many of whom served as "high privates" in the Confederate — 245 — ranks. Capt. Saml. E. White deserves to appear in this history in recognition of his heautiful tribute, to the ''Women of the Confederacy," for his testimonial to the Faithful Slaves and his devotion to Southern memories. It is to be regretted that a description of these unique monuments does not accompany the sketch. In April, 1903, the Ladies' Memorial Association was called on to mourn the death of their first Vice-President, Mrs. Saml. E. White. Her death was sudden, and expressions of sympathy were forwarded to her bereaved husband and family by old and young, rich and poor, who thus paid tribute to the loveliness of her character, the gentleness of her disposition and purity of her life. The ladies of the Memorial Association of Eort IMill, in paying tribute to her memory, say: "She was our first Vice- President and the most ardent and influential member of the Association. Her wise counsel, prudent forethought and prompt liberality made her our moving spirit and popular leader. Sad indeed are our hearts, when we feel that no more will we have her dear presence with us and no more hear her sweet words of wise, loving counsel. By inlieritance her veins were filled with patriotic blood, and so she ably seconded her husband's efforts in erecting the monuments to the Soldiers, the Women, the Faithful Slaves and the Catawba Indians that adorn Confed- erate Park, and very much of the beauty and grace of the marlile, as well as of the eloquent and thrilling inscriptions, are the products of her taste and fiuent pen. May Eternity set her seal on all that is held highest in perpetuating the brave, the. noble, the faithful and the good, meeting a just reward of recompense for the bonds of the flesh, and in Heaven may their praise eternal fill the everlasting city of our God." 'Till earth and sea shall be no more, Let marble and brass their deeds enshrine, The laurel and cypress their memory entwine. Our heart and tongue cease not to tell, Of those who live and those who fell. Mrs. L. P. FuLP, Secretary. — 24(1 - BETHEL CEMETERY AND LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE. The Ladies' Memorial Association had its origin in the natural and affectionate desire of the Southern women of Knox- ville, that the graves of the Confederate soldiers who are buried here should not be neglected. The Federal Government had collected the remains of the Union soldiers from all parts of Northern East Tennessee into the beautiful National Cemetery in North Knoxville, which with praiseworthy munificence it carefully keeps and adorns. Sixteen hundred or more Confederate soldiers, representing every Confederate State, including Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri, died in hospitals or fell in battle in the vicinity of Knoxville. Many of them were buried in the County Cemetery. The graves of others were mere trenches, shallow and hastily made in the environs of the city. Fortimatqly a death and burial record was preserved, and when after the war the ladies of the Memorial Association began their work of love, they were able in most instances to identify the dead. The Association was organized on the 13th day of May, 1868, in the old Union Eank building, on Main street. ORIGINAL MEMBERS. Mrs. I. L. French, Mrs. J. A. Rayl, Mrs. W. M. Beorden, Mrs. H. L. McClung, Mrs. W. M. House, Mrs. E. Fletcher, Mrs. J. M. Boyd, Mrs. M. Buckwell, Mrs. W. Morrow, Mrs. M. L. Rogers, Mrs. Haynes, Mrs. L. C. Shepard, Mrs. W. P. Elliott, Mrs. L. Gillespie, Miss R. O'Conner, Miss E. Ledgewick, Miss Anna Peed, Misses Fannie Moses, Lucy Alexander, Fannie Alexander, Amanda White, Mary Ault, Missie Ault, Fannie House, Hattie Craig, Miss MeClung, E. McClung, Lizzie Welcker, Sophie Park, Ella Cocke, Sophie Kennedy. "—247 — THE FIRST OFFICERS. President, ]\Irs. H. L. ]\IcClung; Vice-President, Miss Fannie Alexander; Secretary, Miss Sophie Park; Treasurer, Miss E. O'Connor. The primary purpose of its founders was to collect the remains of the Confederate soldiers, and to watch over and protect the graves. In pursuance of this design, very soon after the organization was effected, the Association made application to the County Court of Knox County to be allowed the custody of that portion of the public cemetery in which so many Con- federate soldiers were buried. The request was readily granted. THE CHARTER. On October 7, 1872, a charter was granted to the Ladies^ ^lemorial Association by the Chancery Court of Knox County. The charter members were: Mrs. Jos. L. Gaines, Miss Moody White, Miss Sophie Kennedy, Mrs. W. P. Elliott and Mrs. L. C. Shepard. January 30, 1873, a deed was executed by Knox County to the Ladies' Memorial Association of that part of the County Cemetery containing the graves of Confederate soldiers, and since that time it has been known as "Bethel Cemetery.'^ During all the time since the establishment of the Association the ladies have, with unfailing devotion, diligently prosecuted their noble purpose. Tlio promises have been enclosed, a house erected, and a tenant and watchman secured. To the full extent of the limited means at the command of the Association, the grounds have been improved and adorned. Every year, upon Memorial Day, the graves have been decorated with flowers, and without ostentation or parade appropriate exercises have been held in honor of the dead and of the cause for which they died. About the year 1883 the Association had increased in strength to an extent which, in the opinion of its members, justified them in undertaking to erect a monument. They had long cherished this design but had not, until this time, felt assured of their ability to accomplish it. At first they met with but little encouragement. Southern men had not much to give. They were rebiiilding their homes and broken fortunes. But they were willing and the ladies were patient and perse- vering. The fund grew gradually but surely and at last it was completed, and on the 21st day of ^lay, 1891, more than twenty- six years after the end of the war, they laid the corner-stone of a monument which shall be a visible token to posterity of the — 248 — love and veneration of the people of the South for the brave men who gave their lives to a sacred cause. THE LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE. The following account of the laying of the corner-stone of the monument appeared in the Knoxville Daily Tribune of May 22, 1891: "Yesterday was Confederate Memorial Day. Yesterday afternoon, amid hundreds of tear-stained eyes, in Bethel Ceme- tery, the corner-stone of the monument to Tennessee Confed- erate Dead was laid with appropriate ceremonies. A long line of battle scarred veterans, whose eyes beamed with that gallantry, bravery and loyalty that characterized their career in the war, surrounded the scene to cast a flower in loving remembrance on the urn of the sacred tomb of their dead comrades. With tender touch, dainty hands distributed the beautiful and fragrant flowers along the lines of soldiers' graves, while with soft step they gently trod on the sacred city of the dead. Many and many were the flowers that fell to the earth wet with tears as a mother, sister, daughter and wife's heart bled as she mourned the loss of the dead hero who slept so sweetly beneath her feet. One felt like removing his hat and bowing his head in reverence as he walked over the flower-strewn grounds. J. W. L. Frierson acted as master of ceremonies. The ceremonies of laying the corner-stone was conducted by Mr. Frank A. Moses. "The Ladies' Memorial Association was assisted in the exer- cises and ceremonies by the 'Fred Ault Bivouac Zollicoffer Camp.' The ceremonies were opened with an eloquent and sincere prayer by Kev. Carter Helm Jones, after the assembly call had been sounded on a bugle by Mr. H. S. Jones. The male chorus, composed of Messrs. Charles Neal, Fred Ault, Tom Davis and Arthur E. Davis, assisted by Mr. J. W. Williams, rendered most beautifully the popular old air, 'Oft in the Stilly Night.' This was followed by the most touching and able oration of Rev. W. C. Grace, which is produced below in full. As the oration was being delivered many eyes were wet with tears. " Ladies, Members of the Confederate Memorial Association, and Gentlemen, Veterans of the ' Lost Cause/ — I desire to thank you for the kind invitation given me to participate in the exer- cises of this day, and to contribute whatever of interest I may be able to this occasion. To you, ladies, especially this must be an hour of supreme satisfaction. The toils and sacrifices of weary years are about to fructify in the consummation of your — 249 — long cherished purpose to erect a monument to the memory of those who perished in the cause they believed to be just. For more than twenty years past, I am told, your steadfast purpose has been to accomplish this result; cold indeed would be the heart that could not rejoice with you at this auspicious moment v/hen your hopes are about to be realized. We are not here this afternoon to say one word or to do a single deed intended to awaken bitter recollections, nor to tear open a fresh wound which the balm of years has healed. Years have elapsed since the booming of Fort Sanders' cannon, and the heavy tread of con- tending soldiery, the animosities engendered tlien should be buried now. We come here to do an act of simple justice; to lay in the earth this stone, upon which a shaft of marble shall stand to help preserve from oblivion, and perhaps calumny, the memory of the heroic dead who lie buried around it; to per- petuate the memory of men and deeds of valor of which any nation may well be proud. "I am persuaded that you will not find anywhere to-day, and especially in this enlightened Christian community, any one so base as to with-hold his s\Tnpathy from you. I rejoice to believe tliat the sentiment of a noble and patriotic people, of whatever section of our great country they may be, will approve your devo- tion and your act. There is nothing which makes me feel prouder of being an American citizen than the fact that the true and noble of every section of our common country are doing what they can to destroy sectional strife and to recognize the sincerity and honesty of their late enemies. In my intercourse with the true soldier of both armies, I find they entertain profound respect for one another. When you hear any man traducing the char- acter and uttering bitter maledictions against 'the cowardly knaves' of the other army, you may set it down as a fact that he is one who never looked do"mn the sights of a shining gun-barrel into the blazing eyes of an advancing foe, nor saw the. flash of a sabre as it gleamed in the hands of his enemy in actual combat. Such vituperation is the peculiar province of the micro- scopic politician who has no virtues to commend him to the suffrage of his constituency and can thrive only on the food of vultures. The true Federal soldier feels it would be a disgrace to have been successfully resisted for four long years and frequently defeated by a half-fed, badly imiformed and badly equipped army of subalterns — 250 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1892. Knoxville, Tennessee. and cowards, and the Confederate soldiers would feel equally- mortified to have been overcome by an army, however numerous, that possessed none of the elements of true manhood. The truth is both armies were Americans, and the deeds of daring, the prowess of each alike are the heritage of our country. "The sword of Lee should be as much the pride of the nation as that of Grant. The historian will soon recognize the prin- ciples for which both armies contended and will ascribe to each the sincere motives by which it was controlled. Already, as the clouds of war have rolled away and the blindness of passion has subsided, leaving the perspective clear, the world begins to see more definitely the position occupied by the two opposing forces, and I believe the day will come when it will be admitted that the North was contending for the Union even if the Constitution must be sacrificed, and the South was contending for the Con- stitution even though the Union should perish, each division regarding its principle the most vital. It is not difficult to understand how the two political schools originated. One who has carefully read the proceedings of the Convention held in Philadelphia in 1787, where the Constitution was framed, will readily understand the difficulties confronting them. They first endeavored to so amend the articles of confederation, under which the colonies had been united during the revolutionary war, so as to make the strong government desired by many. And when it was agreed to cast this aside and frame an entirely new con- stitution, gi-eat difficulty was experienced in formulating such articles as would be acceptable to those who were in love with the liberal privileges granted the states under the articles of the Confederation and also to meet the approval of those who were in favor of a more compact government. In every State of the Union there was a strong party opposed to the Constitution, led by men whose patriotism was unquestioned. Patrick Henry opposed its ratification by the assembly of his State with his gigantic powers. The annulling to some extent of State Rights and basing the sovereignty too absolutely on the popular will were his chief objections to the instrument, 'despotism forms a centralization of power on the one hand and anarchy incident to the instability^ of democracy on the other,' were the prominent features presented. There were politicians in those days, just as there are now. In order to get the approval of the legislature and the indorsement of the people of the nine States, — 251. which was necessary to make the Constitution valid, great stress was laid on those parts referring to the privileges of the States where that motion was approved by the peo])le. In other sections great empliasis was laid on those portions referring to .the authority of the general govern- ment for the same reason. Thus originated two political parties, and in the very beginning of the government the doctrine of States Eights was taught, which was supported by many of the ablest men the nation had produced. "Therefore the Southern soldier believed his allegiance was due, first to his State and then to the general government. He believed this with all his heart, and so when his State called for his service he responded, believing it to be a sacred duty to do so. Taking this view of his position no one can justly charge him with treason. He can never consent to be called a traitor, or that his children should be taught to regard him as such, for it would be untrue. His opinions were honestly held and his con- victions so true he was willing to seal them with his blood. Surrendering to the decision of these issues as determined by the result of the Avar, like a true man he proposed to abide by it. Tlic^e differences he regards forever settled, and I am persuaded that the soldier from Mississippi or Louisiana to-day would give his life in defence of his country as freely as the one from Massachusetts or Maine. Legends and facts connected with the resolution, where our forefathers fought for liberty, were as familiar at the hearthstones of South Carolina as to those of New Hampshire, and the inborn love of our common country was developed as seduously by the mothers of Virginia as of Ver- mont. These lessons were lasting, and people reared under their influence were filled with patriotism from their cradle. Such were Lee, Johnston and Stonewall Jackson, and such were the men who were with them in the bivouac and on the battle- fields. The luster of such names M'ill adorn the history of any nation, and their honor and bravery united witli that of Grant, Siierman and Sheridan with the men who followed them will go down to posterity as the common heritage of a united people. Here, in the presence of these nameless graves this afternoon some of the tenderest memories of our lives are awakened — memories that are dear because they are embalmed in suffering and sacrifice. There, in that grave, perhaps is the dust of a r.oble boy wlio went out from the bosom of a happy Georgia home. "His fond mother blessed him and looked up above, Commending to Heaven the child of her love; What anguish was hers her mortal tongue may not say, When he passed from her sight in the Jacket of Gray. "But her country called him — she would not repine, Tho' costly the sacrifice placed on its shrine. Her heart's dearest hopes on its altar she lay. When she sent out her boy in the Jacket of Gray. "Following with brave hearts and unfaltering steps the banner of his gallant leader he rushes on the bristling bayonets of Fort Sanders and goes down to death in the face of a gallant foe. Through the almost angel ministry of womanly hands, by unre- mitted labor and unstinted sacrifice this cemetery has been pre- pared ; and by the agency of these hands, " He was laid to rest in his cold, narrow bed ; They may grave on the marble they placed o'er his head. As the proudest of tributes their sad hearts can pay. He never disgraced the Jacket of Gray." "Who tlien will forbid that these hands which have toiled, and these hearts which have prayed, may to-day unitedly scatter these flowers as tokens of love upon the bosom of this lifeless dust and bid it sleep ? " What need of question now, if he were wrong or right ? He knows ere this whose cause was just in God, the Father's sight. He wields no warlike weapons now, returns no foeman's thrust; Who but a coward would revile an honored soldier's dust?" "It would be a contradiction of a woman's nature untrue to the memory of those she so nobly encouraged in the days 'that tried men's souls.' Thousands of veterans to-day remember times, goaded almost to despair by galling wounds, by bitter cold and by tormenting hunger, they were nerved to heroic endurance of all these by the recollection that mother, sister or sweetheart would expect to hear that their soldier boy faltered not even in the face of death. I myself have seen the snow and the frozen ground crimson with the blood of men with naked feet marching boldly in the line of duty. It is right that you should preserve and perpetuate the memory of such heroism. Patriotism every- where will commend you for it. In conclusion will you allow me to express the hope that soon your cherished purpose will materialize in the beautiful monument contemplated. This will do what love and marble can to preserve unsullied the names and motives of the heroes who died for the cause they loved. — 253 — When in the years to come the children of future generations passing this way shall say to their fathers: ^What mean you by these stones?' let them be told the truth concerning the cause for which these soldiers died, and let no one cast foul aspersions on their names. May this monument stand like a veteran senti- nel, who keeps vigil day and night over these graves, quietly saying to those who are buried here : " Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead, Dear as the blood ye gave ; No impious footstep here shall tread, The herbage of your grave ; Nor shall your glory be forgot, While fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot, Where valour proudly sleeps. This marble minstrels' voiceless stone, In deathless song shall tell, When many a vanished age hath flown. The story how ye fell ; Nor wreck, nor change nor winter's blight. Nor time's remorseless doom Shall dim one ray of glorious light That gilds your deathless tomb." THE CORNER-STONE. Mr. F. A. Moses then stepped forward and conducted the ceremonies of laying the corner-stone. He concluded the cere- monies by saying: "According to an ancient and honorable custom, we deposit in this box the following articles. May the monument to be raised on this foundation remain unimpaired through ages to come." Names and history of Ladies' Memorial Association. Constitution and By-Laws of " Fred Ault Bivouac and Zollicoffer Camp." Two Confederate Flags. Confederate Money. Speech of Judge Turney on the Civil War. Pamphlets of Knoxville Confederate newspapers. Knoxville daily papers. Programme of the ceremonies. Confederate postage Stamps. Photograph of Generals. List of Confederate soldiers buried in Bethel Cemetery, six hundred unknown dead killed at Fort Sanders. Copy of pension law of Tennessee. Minie balls and bullets from battle-field of Chickamauga. Photographic views of Knoxville. History of battle of Fort Sanders. Roll of " Fred Ault Bivouac, Zollicoffer Camp," and all soldiers on Tennessee Division. Minutes first annual Convention United Con- federate Veterans. Cut of monument to be built. Knoxville City Directory. Oration of Rev. W. C. Grace, D. D., delivered upon this occasion. — 254 — Mrs. George M. White, a venerable lady of eighty-one years, deposited the articles in a copper box as the list was read. After the box was closed and hermetically sealed, Mr. Moses delivered it to Mrs. White, and spoke as follows: "This box, which contains the relics and souvenirs of times that are past and hopes that are dead, will now be deposited beneath this corner-stone. This duty is assigned to one who never shirks any duty imposed upon her, or sacrifice required of her — one of those noble, true-hearted Southern mothers who, when the tocsin of war sounded, with tears in their eyes, love and patriotism in their hearts and prayers on their lips sent sons out to battle for home and coimtry. May God's richest blessings rest upon her and all like her." After the box was deposited in the receptacle, the services were concluded. The ceremonies of laying the corner-stone were then concluded with a beautiful prayer by Eev. G. W. Brewer. "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground," by the male chorus was one of the sweetest and most appropriate features of the ceremonies. The following is a list of the present officers and members of the Ladies' Memorial Association : Officers — Miss Missie Ault, President; Mrs. J. K. Mitchell, Vice-President; Mrs. 0. X. Payne, Secretary; Mrs. B. P. Elliott, Corresponding Secretary ; Miss Moody White, Treasurer. Members — Miss Missie Ault, Miss L. Jourolmon, Mrs. 0. IST. Payne> Mrs. P. W. Lambright, Mrs. J. W. McTeer, Mrs. B. P. Elliott, Mrs. F. S. Moses, Mrs. J. E. Wilcox, Mrs. C. W. Dabney, Mrs. S. M. Churchwell, Mrs. Ned Akers, Mrs. T. L. Moses, Mrs. E. S. McClung, Mrs. A. P. White, Mrs. W. Hawn, Mrs. J. M. Michie, Mrs. J. A. McKeldin, Mrs. J. W. Caldwell, Mrs. C. 0. Ward, Mrs. C. S. Newman, Mrs. T. S. Webb, Mrs. G. P. McTeer, Mrs. W. Caswell, Mrs. Mary Plant, Mrs. S. L. Goodrich, Mrs. Mary Carter, Mrs. Mary Lloyd, Mrs. W. C. Fulcher, Mrs. A. Allison, Mrs. Eep Jones, Mrs. J. H. Crozier, Mrs. J. W. Glenn, Miss Orr, Mrs. Breck, Mrs. C. W. Charlton, Mrs. H. E. Cleage, Mrs. T. S. Levant, Mrs, H. Hudgins, Mrs. Sharp, Mrs. Sam McKinney, Mrs. J. Williams, Mrs. Tom Caldwell, Mrs. A. K. Seldon, Mrs. Agnew, Mrs. C. Brownlow, Miss Ida Hood, Miss Catherine Castul, Miss Moody White, Mrs. E. Page, Mrs. P. Sammons, Mrs. Sophie Hunter, Mrs. Lucy Finnegan, Mrs. Flippen, Mrs. A. J. Campbell, Mrs. J, McGuive, Mrs. Andrew K. Humes, Mrs. Lizzie Turner, Mrs. G. E. McCormick, Mrs. Maxwell, Mrs. Camood, Mrs. James Hall, Mrs. Haynes, Mrs. J. — 255 — L. Boyd, Mrs. J. 'M. Boyd, Mrs. Iva Boyd, Miss R. Davis, Mrs. W. B. Lockett, Sr., Mrs. Luckey, Miss Sallie Jackson, Mrs. Tapley Portlock, Mrs, John McGrath, Mrs. Henry Heavener, Mrs. Lizzie Hicks, Mrs. Litten Thomas, Mrs. W. C. McCoy, Mrs. j\Iaggie Gillespie, Miss Mattie Camden, Mrs. C. Deaderick, Mrs. Lewis Hall, Mrs. R. A. Keller, Mrs. J. A. McNichols, Mrs. H. L. jMizner, Mrs. Eliza Postle, Mrs. C. W. Steel, Mrs. C. 0. Word, Mrs. Andrew Navem, ]\Irs. N. B. Haynes, Miss Pattie Boyd, Mrs. Klutz, Mrs. Kern, Mrs. Geo. Miller, Mrs. Joe Porter, Mrs. A. P. White, Mrs. C. C. Hill, Mrs. Sam :\rcLillian. :\rrs. Geo. Henderson, Miss Mamie Henderson, Mrs. Laura Snift, Miss Rose Badget, Mrs. Laura Lewis, Mrs. M. Buckwell, Mrs. Charles O'Lutz, Mrs. Daniel Briscoe, Mrs. William Hazen, Mrs. George W. White, Mrs. Alice D. Roberts, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Gibson, Mrs. Susie Howard McCalla, ]\Iiss Margaret Lewis McCalla. The officers at present: Mrs. Wm. Caswell, President; Miss Missie Ault, Vice-President; Mrs. Mary Lloyd, Secretary; Mrs, S. P. Hunter, Corresponding Secretary; Miss Moody White, Treasurer; Mrs. J. T. McTeer, Chairman of Executive Committee. The names of many ladies who have assisted in the noble work do not appear in the list. Some have changed their residence and some have passed away. Among the latter we especially recollect ;Mrs. L. C. Shcppard, a noble woman, to whose untiring efforts much of the success of the Association is due. THE MONUMENT. The contract for the erection of the monument was awarded to a Knoxvillc firm, ]\Iessrs. Geo. W. Callahan & Bros,, and right well have they discharged their duty. They have not only erected a monument which is an honor to the brave men who sleep under its shadow and an ornament to the city of the dead in which it stands, but they have liberally contributed to the cost of its construction, and have done what they could to make it what it is. The statue was designed by Mr. Lloyd Bran- son of Knoxville, and is remarkable for its expression of quiet courage and disciplined enthusiasm. Mr. Branson has been ex- ceedingly fortunate in this statue, and it will be a monument to his genius as well as to the brave souls whose death it com- memorates. The pedestal and shaft on which the heroic statue stands is exactly the correct height to show the fijgure of the Confederate private as he stands at "parade rest" to advantage. — 256 — The shaft of the monument is twelve feet square at the" base and forty-eight feet high. On the north side is the inscription : Our Confederate Dead. On the South of it is a longer inscription, which reads thus : This Shaft Placed here with reverent hands, May 19, 1892, By the Ladies' Memorial Association of Knoxville, Tennessee, Commemorates The heroic courage and the unshaken constancy of more than 1,600 soldiers of the South, Who, in the great war between the States, 1861 to 1865, Were inspired By the holiness of a patriotic^ and impersonal love, And in the mountain passes of Tennessee, whether on stricken field or in hospital ward. Gave ungrudgingly their lives to their country. " And their deeds, proud deeds shall remain for us, And their names, dear names without stain for us, And the glories they won shall not wane for us, In legend and lay, Our heroes in gray Though dead, shall live over again for us." On the East side is this poetry : " Forgotten ! No ! We can not all forget, Or when we do, farewell to honor's face, To hope's sweet tendence, valor's unpaid debt, And every noblest grace Which nursed in love might still benignly bloom Above a nation's tomb." The entire monument is constructed of Tennessee gray marble quarried almost withing sight of the place where it now stands. The contract price was $4,500, a very low estimate indeed for a monument which will compare favorably with any Confederate monument. The money was raised by the Ladies' Memorial Association, with the assistance of their friends, by means of suppers, festivals, etc., and by subscriptions ranging from 35 cents to $250.00. We are glad to note that among the liberal sub- scribers were several gallant ex-Federal soldiers, who by these and many similar acts have shown their respect for their former foes and have endeared themselves to the ladies of the Memorial Association and all friends of the Confederate Soldier. As the monument neared completion it was decided that the unveiling should take place on Thursday, May 19, 1893, Memorial Day. A joint meeting of the Ladies' Memorial Association, Felix K •«*7 — Zollicoffer Camp and Fred Ault Bivouac was held, and an Execu- tive Committee was appointed, which was charged with the duty of making all arrangements for the ceremonies of unveiling the monument. The committee was composed of J. W. S. Frierson, Miss Missie Ault, Mrs. J. T. McTeer, Mrs. J. W. Caldwell, John F. Howe, Chas. Ducloux, C. H. Thomas, F. A. Moses, E. W. Crozier, J. L. Khea, M. J. Condon, J. W. Green, Rev. Carter Helm Jones and Hayne Davis. Appropriate sub-committees were appointed, composed of members of the Executive Committee and others, who aided materially in making the occasion the grand success it was. Major General Wm. B. Bate, United States Senator from Ten- nessee, was invited to deliver the address, and General E. Kirby Smith of Sewanee, Tennes'see, was appointed Chief Marshal of the occasion. A staff, composed of prominent Confederate sol- diers, was selected for General Smith. The day set for the occasion was everything to be desired except for the prevalence of a high wind whicK interferred with the carrying out of some features of the programme. The following account of the exer- cises of the day is compiled from the city papers of the next day : From the Daily Journal. Memorial Day dawned bright and clear. It was a model day in every particular. The morning trains brouglit into the city floral tributes from every little town, both up and down the road. Flowers came in abundance, most beautiful ones, but not more beautiful than that memory in which the fallen heroes were held by those who gathered at the cemetery to do them homage. The time for all the programme events had been moved up just one hour. Sliortly before two o'clock the procession began to form on Main street, and but a few minutes later Gen. E. Kirby Smith, accompanied by his staff, came in sight on Gay street. All down that thoroughfare to the court house General Smith was compelled to raise his hat to the crowds upon the sidewalks who sought to do him honor. What a picturesque sight too he was as he rode his bay charger down the streets. How different he appeared to those old citizens who saw him when he was here "on business" during the recent 'T^all game." Then he was a dashing, brave general, in the very prime of life. Yesterday he appeared as the brave and dashing citizen once General, but time has not dealt lightly with him. He has passed through many winters, and their snows have fallen upon him not without leaving their trace, A sparely built, square shouldered, thin faced gentleman, with a pair of keen eyes that shine like dia- monds in their expression of his words, snow-white hair and flowing beard, that is General E. Kirby Smith. Past the pro- cession on Main street he rode with uncovered head. The heads of all these veterans were also bared, and as if one man they cheered him to the echo. At 2 :15 o'clock the procession began to move, Chief Atkins and Lieutenant Eeeder, with a detach- ment of police, led the way. Then followed General Smith and staff. Next came Knoxville's pride, the city band, under the leadership of Prof. E. W. Crozier. From their instruments came the notes of that beautiful old musical number, "The Officer's Funeral," wliich was especially arranged for them by Prof. Knobe of this city. Following the band of music were two carriages containing the gentlemen to take part in the exercises at the Cemetery, Gen. Bate, Dr. Jos. Park, Col. Jas. E. Carter. Behind them came on foot the members of the Fred Ault Bivouac, Zollicoffer Camp, J. E. B. Stuart's Camp Sons of Confederate Veterans, with their many guests from other towns to the num- ber of four himdred. On the breasts of many were handsome badges showing to what command they belonged, but on each were pretty red badges, each of which bore a picture of the monument to be unveiled, furnished by the Committee of Ar- rangements. Following behind the veterans and their sons, who have but recently banded themselves together, came a procession of carriages that took full twenty-five minutes to pass a given jooint, the carriages containing members of the Ladies' j\Iemo- rial Association, to whom is due all credit for the erection of the monument, a number of representative citizens of Knoxville with their wives and children and guests from the surrounding territory to this city. It was a few minutes after 3 o'clock when the exercises at the Cemetery began. Around the speaker's stand stood thousands with their upturned faces. The brass howitzer that stood outside the gate had thimdered forth its peal of thunder. After the band had beautifully rendered "Safe in the Arms of Jesus," Col. J. W. S. Frierson, Chairman of Executive Committee, announced Eev. Jas. Park, who offered up a most beautiful prayer to Almighty God. During the course of his invocation he said : "Almighty God, we are gathered here for a patriotic purpose. Our minds revert to those troublous times of carnage and blood, times that tried men's souls, with gratitude — 259 — for the manly pride and heroism displayed on the battlefield for our country. We beseech thee. Oh God ! to let Thy benediction rest upon the Veterans of the Confederate Army who are here to-day to dedicate the memorial to the honor of the dead. Let thy blessings rest upon the mothers and sisters of those who wore the gray, who have spent their efforts in erecting this monu- ment to the memory of the Confederate Dead.'' "Tenting on the Old Camp Ground" was next rendered by the band, after which Hon. H. H. Taylor stepped forward to deliver the address of welcome. It was as follows: "The Ladies' Memorial Association of Bethel Cemetery have commissioned me to extend to you a cordial welcome to these sacred precincts, to invite you to join with them in the exercises about to take place, and to enjoy with them the full fruition of their long and anxious labors of love to the heroic dead who rest about this monument. It is now a quarter of a century ago since this labor of love and duty was commenced, and many a sainted member of the old band has fallen by the way, but the long night has passed and the noontide of their hopes and prayers realized. The Association has been greatly aided in its labors by Federals as well as by Confederates, and to-day these noble women, with hearts full of gratitude to all, bid me extend to every one a most heartfelt welcome. Twenty -one years ago I had the honor to deliver the first memorial address ever de- livered in tliis country. In iTiat address I quoted from the sweet singer of South Carolina tliese couplets : "Sleep sweetly in your humble graves, Ye martyrs of a fallen cause ! Though no marble monument. Crave the pilgrim here to pause. In seeds of laurel in the earth The blossom cf your fame in bloom, And somewhere waiting for its birth, The shaft is in the stone." Thanks to the devotion and energies of the ladies of this Asso- ciation and to the beneficence of the many generous men of the community who so liberally contributed to the good work, we are able to proclaim the completion of the monument and show that the sentiment of the sweet ceuplets of twenty-two years has been reversed ; tliat a monument docs now ' crave the pilgrim here to pause;' that to-day the shaft is not in the stone, but the stone in the shaft. Again I welcome you to the grounds and to participation in the further exercises of the hour." — 260 — The next event on the programme was the unveiling of the monument, but this ceremony, which had been delegated to the beautiful little Miss Moody McTeer, necessarily had to be dis- pensed with, for nature herself had torn the veil from the Con- federate soldier, who stands at "parade rest" at the top of the high marble column. The band struck up that inspiring piece ol music to Southern men, " Dixie." The minute guns roared during the playing of Dixie, and the enthusiasm of the crowd was unbounded, yells followed one another in rapid succession. Then Col. James E. Carter arose, and in a brief speech introduced Gen. W. B. Bate, U. S. Senator from Tennessee. Said Col. Carter : "I am here to introduce Gen. Bate. As a leader in the Confederate Army none were braver. He had the unbounded confidence of his men and led them to many victories. As Gov- ernor of our historic State he left an untarnished record. After serving two terms he was called to the more exalted position, one that was approved by all the State. As United States Senator he had the respect and esteem, not only of his State, but his fellow Senators. As a citizen and a man he holds the warmest place in our hearts, in every walk of life as a man and citizen, as a husband and a father. This is the man I introduce to you to- day as the orator of this auspicious occasion." This Association continues to increase in number. In 1897 a marble wall was placed around the cemetery. Moody White, Secretary pro tern. On January 13th, 1902, the Ladies' Memorial Association was called to mourn the death of Miss Sophia Moody White, one of its most active and faithful members. The following resolu- tions were passed at a meeting of the Association: In Memoeiam. Whereas: In the Providence, of God, the angel of death has entered our ranks and taken from our little band of workers, one of our noblest, most loyal members, in the recent, unex- pected demise of Sophia Moody White, and Whereas: Our Society deeply deplores the death of this true, Christian woman, and most zealous adherent to the cause of the Southern Confederacy : Be it Resolved, That bowing to tlie will of the all-wise Father, who doeth all things for the good of His children, we pray for — 261 — His grace to aid us, and His hand to guide us, as hitherto He aided and guided our dear friend in her work among us. Resolved, That in the death of Sophia Moody White, our beloved friend and co-worker in the Ladies' Memorial Associa- tion, each member of our Society feels a sense of keen, personal loss and that the Association has sustained the loss of one of its truest, most cherished members, one who was ever ready, in word and work, to aid in the noble cause of keeping green the memory of the heroic dead whose lives were freely sacrificed upon their country's hallowed altar. Resolved, That a page of the minutes be dedicated to a memo- rial of our friend and lamented fellow-worker, and a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the family of the deceased. Sophie H. Hunter, Katherine H. Newman, IvA McM. Boyd, Committee. SOUTHERN MOTHERS, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. Early in the summer of 1861, a call was made to the ladies of Memphis to meet at the residence of Mrs. LeRoy Pope, to organize a society to assist the soldiers then being enlisted for the defence of the South. Many ladies responded, and the *' Southern Mothers" were organized, with Mrs. S. C. Law, President (the aunt of General J. B. Gordon), Mrs. W. S. Pickett, Vice-President; Mrs. Lockhard, Treasurer, and Mrs. LeRoy Pope, Secretary. The intention was to go to the camps near the city and see to the wants of the sick soldiers. A short time afterward General Hindman, of Arkansas, on his homeward journey from Richmond, telegraphed to some gentleman of the city, that he had thirty soldiers who were too ill to travel and whom he was unwilling to take back to Arkansas, and he asked that some provision be made for them. Sunday at midnight, the President, Mrs. Law, was aroused and asked if the " Southern ]\Iothers " could meet the emergenc}', she replied, " yes." Mr. James Flaherty, whose wife was a member of the society was notified, also Mr. Oliver Greenlaw. The latter gave the use of a large vacant store. Mr. Flaherty — 262 — SOUTHERN MOTHERS, Memphis, Tennessee. I. Mrs. J. W. Fowler. 3. Mrs. Emily Ball. 2. Mrs. J. H. Humphreys. 4. Mrs. Mary E. Pope. supplied beds, mattresses and feather pillows. The ladies made sheets, pillow cases and hospital shirts. They appointed Dr. Curry as surgeon. When General Hindman arrived at noon complete provision for his sick men awaited them and before night thirty men were lying in fresh, clean beds, and the "Southern Mothers" Hospital was opened. Here we worked all summer, until the number of sick soldiers, asking for our help, demanded larger accommodations, and a store in the East end of the Irving Block was offered us. In this building we cared for over two thousand men, with a mortality of less than 3i/^%. The entire country came to our aid with provisions, clothing and money, and the men were well cared for. In response to our request President Davis appointed Dr. Curry " Surgeon of the Army," in recognition of the work which was being done. Federal prisoners were cared for as well as our own sick and wounded. The first man who died was buried in a lot in Elmwood, donated by Col. Lenow. Mr. Hoist, Mrs. Flaherty and Mrs. Pope buried the dead soldier. As we were unable to get a clergyman, Mrs. Pope read the Service of the Dead at the grave. The next soldier who died was buried by the Eev. Dr. White, of Calvary Church. One of our brave Confederate soldiers who died in Missouri, at his own request, was sent to Mrs. Pope for burial. She buried him in her own lot in Winchester Cemetery. One evening in planting flowers over his grave night over-took her. She started up, to find a strange man gazing at her. Seldom had this brave woman known such fear, being alone with her little girl. The man advanced, called her by name, saying that he had seen her often in the Hospital, and had remained late to escort her home, in honor of the good Southern Mothers. In the prosecution of our work we met with unvarying appreciation from our citizens. We could narrate incidents suflicient to fill a volume. On one occasion, when a soldier was about to leave the hospital, a soldier in the next cot whispered to us that the man had no socks. We secured a pair from our well filled wardrobe and gave them to him, he blushed and said : " I brought no socks here." We told him how they came to us and he then put them on. A week later we received from that Confederate soldier a hundred dollar bill for our treasury, marked : " The price of a pair of socks." Finding the work growing beyond the management of this more than spartan band, the hospital was turned over to the government, a short time before Memphis 263 — fell, and we continued to nurse in the military hospital. When Memphis was surrounded the sick were taken to the City Hospi- tal, then outside the city limits where the Sisters of St. Agnes •cared for them. We received a message from the Sisters, asking us to get them some dainties for the sick. From our pantries in the Irving Block we obtained what could be taken in a carriage. The next day when we called to procure more, we found a Federal soldier at the door, and were refused admit- tance. Our old hospital was turned into a prison. Here those of us who remained in the city, continued our labors, feeding the Southern prisoners to the ^-ery limit of our slender resources. Some of us, I am afraid at times assisted them to escape. Those who escaped always came to us, and of course, we did not give them up to the Federal authorities, but did the best we could to get them outside the lines. The Southern Mothers Association is now but a name, only a few of the noble women being left who originally joined their forces to soothe with womanly help and sympathy, the sick and dying, a task that naturally comes easy to women, and in this case doubly so, as we watched over the friends of our dear Southland. The Southern Mothers had but one President, and, as we laid her gently to rest in Elmwood Cemetery only a little hill divid- ing her grave from those of the soldiers, whom she loved and nursed so tenderly, we resolved never to have another President. Mrs. Fanny Barker Galloway, one of this faithful band of women, died recently in Memphis at the age of eighty-one years. She was a devoted Confederate and practical in her manifesta- tions of patriotism. Herself childless, she reared and educated twenty orphan children of Confederate parentage and left them provided for at death. The Legislature of the State of Ten- nessee, was petitioned by the Ladies Memorial Association, to to change the date of Memorial Day, and to fix upon June 3rd, the anniversary of the birth of JelTerson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America, as Confederate Memorial Day for the State. In this patriotic movement, Hon. T. J. Collier, a member of the House of Representatives, assisted. The measure finally passed and became a legal enactment. Mr. Collier is the son of a distinguished Confederate Veteran and he feels a justifiable pride in liaving been tlie medium of procur- ing the passage of this bill, thus alFording an opportunity to 264 — SOUTHERN MOTHERS, Memphis, Tennessee. I. Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Cummings. 2. Mrs. Phoebe Frazer Edmonds. 3. Mrs. America Weaver Bruce. 4. Mrs. S. C. Law. the loyal and devoted people of the State to honor the name of the^ South's greatest Cliieftain, Jefferson Davis, whose name and memory should never be allowed to die. During the past year two of this noble band were called to their final reward- Mrs. America Weaver Bruce and Mrs. Phoebe A. Edmunds. The following is taken from the Memphis Scimitar: "Mrs Edmunds was born in North Carolina eighty-five years ago, but has lived in Memphis for the greater part of her life. She was greatly beloved by all who knew her. She took great interest in Confederate Memorial work and was thoroughly Southern in her sympathies. She was one of the original " Southern Mothers," whose noble self-sacrificing work in the interest of the sick and wounded Confederates made them a notable body of women. Of these there are now since the death of Mrs. Edmunds only seven left. The memory of their noble work, however, will be alive for years in the hearts of the Memphis people long after they have passed away." Seven only now remain, their heads wreathed with the snowy garlands of age, their hearts bound by the ties of common pur- pose and experience. A unique Spartan group, their strong, yet maternal faces, reflecting a charming womanliness combined with un-faltering courage. It is a source of regret that all of their pictures do not appear. They are types of a race that is vanished from the world's stage. The surviving members are here named: Mrs. J. H. Hum- phreys, Mrs. Mary E. Pope, Mrs. Emily Ball, Mrs. H. A. Fowler, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Cummings, Mrs. M. E. Wormley, Miss Bettie Yancy. These ladies reside in Memphis, Tennessee, and, although advanced in years, are still active in the daily pursuits of life and are deeply interested in all that tends to preserve the memories of the valor and heroic fortitude of the Confederate soldier. Mrs. J. H. Humphreys. 265 LADIES' CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. " Blest ashes ! — keep the dust the mother loves, As she in solemn grandeur keeps their shields, — The dead who died with victory in their ears, Who never knew their daring issue failed! — Rest lightly, as a curtain spun of mist, — Let no rude zephyr tell the story there, — Unto the dead, whom all the world has crowned, — Who never felt the woe the vanquished feel !" More than thirty years ago, some of the women who had nursed and ministered to the sick and wounded Confederate soldiers in the Irving Block and in their owti homes in Mem- phis, met at Elmwood to put flowers on the graves of our soldiers, who are buried in the Confederate lot. They and their children continued this ceremony each year, without a single omission, the only bond being a loving interest in the Cause, until May 16th, 1889, when believing that they could do more work if organized, they became a formal body under the charter of the Confederate Historical Association, which was one of the earliest organized after the close of the war, and incidentally, the only Confederate Association of which President Davis was an active member. Since which time, the Ladies Confederate Memorial Association have continued their annual Memorial services, acting as auxiliary to the Confederate Historical Association. This faithful band of women has shown upon its rolls, most of the prominent names well known to Memphis, especially of the old regime, and has, on several occasions, held a membership of two hundred, but the work and the tastes of the women who compose it, have made of it a quiet, dignified body, of whom the outside world does not often hear, but strong and faithful to the purposes of its being; the fitting observance of Memorial Day, the building of monuments and the placing of headstones, and responding, when practicable to calls for help from other •Associations who are trying to do rescue work in reclaiming Confederate graves, in preservation of records, and establishing the truth of history. Changes and death have reduced the ranks, but each spring, they close up with renewed tenderness one toward another, and meet, to weave their more than one thousand evergreen wreaths, that each white headstone may be remembered, and the monu- — 266 — MRS. FANNIE BARKER GALLOWAY, (Southern Mothers) Memphis,' Tennessee. ment twined with garlands. At the close of the services on Memorial Day, just before " Company A — United Confederate Veterans " fires its military salute and " taps " are sounded, these wreaths are placed by a hundred and fifty little children, who march two by two, led by a young ensign bearing a Confeder- ate flag, directed by Mrs. Thomas Day, who has made this work of marshalling the children a labor of love, for the past ten years. The Association has numbered among its Presidents, Mrs. Charles W. Frazer, Mrs. Luke E. Wright, Mrs. Kellar Anderson, Mrs. Mary E. Wormley, Mrs. J. C. McDavitt, Mrs. Hugh L. Bedford and Mrs. C. B. Bryan (now presiding). Mrs. Charles W. Frazer was its organizer and first President, and two daugh- ters of Admiral Semmes, Mrs. Wright and Mrs. Bryan, have served the Association in that capacity. A sketch of the Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association of Memphis, would be incom- plete without a mention of its efficient Treasurer, Mrs. J. H. Moyston, who has filled this position by unanimous election, for many years, consecutively. Modest and unostentatious in its methods, but always alert to any call for the perpetuation of Southern memories, a glance over the records of the Association, shows the following contri- butions : To The Battle Abbey Fund $850.00 To The Jefi:erson Davis Monument Association 500.00 To Confederate Bazaar at Richmond 250.00 To Soldiers and Sailors' Home, Eichmond 160.00 To Sam Davis Monument 150 . 00 Believing that the memories and personal experiences of women who have lived and served through the stormy period of '61 to '65, however homely or thrilling, may be of interest to the future historian of our people, as well as to the rising generation, it has been the custom of this Association to hold social meetings through the winter, on the first Monday after- noon of each month, at which meetings, a story or incident of the war recollections of one of the members is read, as the others gather around the cheerful open fires, for these meetings are always held in the homes of the members. The Ladies' Confederate Memorial Association, which is a child of the original Southern Mothers' Association, holds in its — 267 — membership all of the remaining Southern Mothers, and sometimes, through direct descent, four generations are repre- sented at these meetings. In some instances, where age or feebleness prevent, the usual story is told, rather than written, notes of which are taken by one of the younger menil)ers without the knowledge of the reciter however, whose spark- ling eyes and impassioned speech, relieved now and then by a reminiscent laugh, are conclusive evidences that "There's Life in the Old Land Yet !" Under such an environment, as under no other, the storehouse of memory is opened, and every incident is carefully preserved, after enjoyment by the faith- ful circle, from the thrilling adventures of ''running the blockade" down to the humorously pathetic history of the old army mule, whose grave is yearly decorated in loving commemo- ration. Some of the papers are sketches of childish recollec- tion, rich in atmosphere and legend, that can be found in no other quarter. It is the purpose of the Association to gather these stories in book form at some future day, as a legacy to its children, the younger members of the organizatiton. With •feelings of pride, this Association records that it was one of the charter members of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, which was organized several years ago by our patriotic President, Mrs. W. J. Behan, for it realizes that only by Confederation can its tender work of years, which no like organization can afford to lose, be perpetuated and its archives be preserved, distinct and separate. Though other and newer bodies of women may take up a similar work (for there is room for all of them) and spread a strong and helpful influence along the lines of history, patriotism and the building of monu- ments, to these thinning bands, proven, tried by fire in the leaden hail of war, and to their children after them, belongs the cere- monial of this purely Memorial work. Sweet be the sleep of our low-tented heroes, — dreamless, calm and sweet ! — for while all time shall last, these sentinels of peace shall stand, the vestals of an altar, old as God, whose living flame is love ! :68 — TEXAS SUL ROSS MEMOEIAL ASOCIATION. WACO, TEXAS. Euskin sajs, "every nation's vice or virtue is written in its art; tlie soldiership of early Greece; the sensuality of late Italy the visionary religion of Tuscany; the splendid human ener^; of Venice To this we will add the unequaled heroism of our Southland, and for this purpose the Ross Memorial and Foun- tain Association has been organized, and will erect an equestrian statue of Governor Ross, around which will flow pure water from my hological figures, to allay the thirst of man and beast, and will forever remind posterity of the purity that adorned the life of L. S. Ross. It will be in the park that the fragrance of flowers will rise in incense to his memory and to the memories of every one who has assisted in erecting, "this marble minstrel who will sing to eternal tune." There will not onlv be son^s of heroism, but of gratitude. For it will be beneaih the cool shade and soft strains of music that the tired clerks, workmen and dusty travelers, will send forth their grateful melodies until angels will draw aside the curtains and the bended heavens wi stop to listen. Thus a voice will be heard saying, " To build with stone IS well, but with flesh better, templet not made with hands but riveted of hearts, and that kind of marble crimson veined IS indeed eternal.'' It was Mrs. Sterling Robertson, nee Miss Lorena Westbrook, who first suggested that a statue be erected m honor of Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Indian warrior Confederate soldier and ex-Governor of Texas The Texas "Sul" Ross Memorial Association was oro-anized m 1902, Mrs. Sterling C. Robertson was re-elected SeXj the second year; the women of Texas are enthusiastic over the erection of this statue. At the name of Lawrence Sullivan Ross, every man s heart is thrilled with love and admiration, for there is reflected on the canvas of the past a panoramic ;iew — 269 — of his heroic deeds, and acts of mercy. If L. S. Ross, the man we all delight to honor, could lean from the battlements of heaven, we would hear the echo of his voice saying: Prepare to meet that last enemy! Take the sword of the spirit (which is the Bible) put on the breast-plate of faith, and helmet of salva- tion, and on the wings of our Saviour's love rise upward to God and heaven, light and glory, happiness and enternity." j\Irs. Eobertson's noble and patriotic work is already assured of suc- cess. It seems indeed incredible that one gentle, delicate woman could accomplish a deed at once so noble and so colossal. Her work is to secure a lasting memento of the great hero all Tex- ans delight to honor, and at the base of the statue (equestrian shaft of General Ross) will be a drinking fountain for both man and beast. Mrs. Robertson's enthusiasm has enlisted the aid and support of all influential and patriotic Texans, men, women, and children of both high and low degree; and she now believes that the statue will be unveiled before the close of 1904. A Sketch of Lawrence Sullivan Ross. It would take the pen of Sir Walter Scott to portray the chiv- alry of our Bruces, Douglasses, Wallaces and Ravenwoods for there is a romantic legend connected with almost every moun- tain 'gorge and flowered plain in Texas. Lawrence Sullivan Eoss was born in Bentonsport, Iowa, in 1838. His father moved to Texas in 1839, and many were the thrilling adventures related in his presence during his childhood. We cannot be surprised to see our soldier of twenty years of age with 135 friendly Indians charging into a Comanche village. Look ! He is surrounded by twenty-five warriors; hear their yell of victory as they see him fall, and the glittering scalping knife over his head. A signal of retreat is sounded and the fiendish work is left undone. In this battle of the Wichita Mountains, young Ross won his laurels and shed his first blood for Texas. It was his gallantry on this battlefield that called forth the following eulogy from General Sam Houston. " I am satisfied with the same opportunities you will rival, if not excel, the great- est exploits of McCuUough or Jas. R. Hays. Continue to repel, pursue and punish every body of Indians coming into the State and the people will not withhold the praise." General Winlield Scott in an autograph letter complimented him and tendrred liini his assistance. Captain Ross proved himself worthy of their — 270 — GEN'L LAWRENCE SULLIVAN ROSS, Waco. Texas. friendship. He surprised Peta Nocona on Pease River; killed the chieftain and captured his wife (the long lost Cynthia Ann Parker). This battle of Pease River prevented many depredations during the Civil War. As soon as Texas seceded Captain Ross joined his brother's company as a private, but he was soon elected Major. In Arkansas he protected General Price's retreat with such gallantry, that he was promoted Colonel. After bearing his escutcheon of honor untarnished from many battle-fields in Mississippi, we find him charging the fire breath- ing, death dealing battery Robinett. The ramparts are reached and guns silenced, but two hundred brave Texans lay in a space of three hundred yards. Then the Confederate army began to retreat. Colonel Ross went to the assistance of General Moore who was commanded to hold the bridge over I^atchez River. Our hero saw the salvation of the army was hanging on a pivot. The Federals with ten times as many men had possession of the bridge. Colonel Ross drove them back again and again, until the last wagon had passed in safety. In commenting on his conduct. General Maury says, "During the battle of Natchez Colonel Ross commanded his brigade and evinced such conspicu- ous gallantry, that when called upon to report to the war depart- ment the name of the officers especially distinguished there, and at Corinth, I reported the name of Colonel L. S. Ross to Gen. Cooper." Other letters were written by Generals J. E. Johnston, and S. D. Lee. Colonel Ross then received his Commission as Brigadier General. There was no one in all that galaxy of glory who wore the wreathed stars during the war more deserving the honor, than Lawrence Sullivan Ross. It devolved on Gen. Ross to cover General Hood's gloomy retreat. The Texans knew that the hand of fate had written the epitaph of the Confederacy above the hopes of her people, yet the last call of the bugle found them as ready to mount as did the first, when cheered by the smiles of wives and lovers. Like Napoleon, General Ross had never taught his drummer boy to beat a retreat, but now the testing time of his soul had come, for the death knell of the Confederacy was sounded in the bugle notes, yet the sul- len, slow retreat was crowTied with victories to the world. The South was not conquered, but over-powered. In the last charge near Murfreesboro, General Ross captured three hundred and fifty prisoners and a train of commissary supplies. After our — 271 — hero returned home lie battled with adversity as he did with the enemy, and his victories were as brilliant as those of Yazoo City, Liverpool and Latartia. For five years he was sheriff of ]\IcLenuau County. It was there that Texas needed such men as Lawrence Sullivan Ross, for Anarchy reigned supreme, ^Mercy shrieked and Justice hid her face. Like Cincinnatus, he was called from his farm to fill the liiirh- est office of his State. The prosperity of Texas during his administration speaks in more eloquent terms than inspired words of his devotion to duty and the love of our Southland. Govorn(u- Ross was engaged in one hundred and thirty-five battles and skirmishes, captured twenty stands of colors and had seven horses shot irom under him. He was as loyal to his friends as to his country. An extract from a letter of B. P. Simmons will give an insight into the loving, tender character of our hero. "When I was wounded at Corinth, (ieneral Ross placed me on his own horse, and carried me out of danger. God bless him." Before his nomination for Governor, Colonel John Henry Brown said, '"Why may not his tliousands of friends present his name for the position of chief magistrate of the state he has no nobly defended? His friends claim the right to mention his name. Ask the people of the frontier, ask his neigh- bors, ask the thirty tliousand ex-soldiers who knew his deeds, and see what they say. They will send up one grand shout for Ross." Hundreds of similar eulogies could be produced. Does not his name deserve a place in history with Stonewall Jackson, Joseph E. Johnston, Henry of Xavarre and Sir Pliilip Sidney? We know that it does and will bring our tribute of love in branches of laurel and twine them around his sacred memory. Mrs. C. A. Westbrook, Lorena, Texas. "A TEXAS HERO; Ah ! all the world loves a hero. There's never a heart so craven That hath not in its confines Some secret, obscure haven Where bravery is rewarded And there's love for a noble deed ; And homage for true heroes, Of whatever faith or creed. Of the bravery of the Spartans, All hearts thrill with the story; But the Southland hath its heroes Surpassing these in glory. Far away back in the thirties, Texas was the far West, still. O'er her broad extended prairies The wild Indian roamed at will. Hardly dared the pale-face venture In this realm of savage men, And the screams of frightened women Rent the air oft and again, As their homes were devastated, Or, perchance, some loved one slain, Or their little children kidnapped. Breaking mothers' hearts in twain. But the women and the children In those perilous days of yore. Found in Ross such a protector As they'd never known before. In his youth the Indian-fighter, Brave of heart and strong of arm, With his bold scouts ever ready At the tocsin's first alarm. When the Red-men became hostile On the war-path bent their way. When Ross met them with his army, 'Twas for them a sad, sad day. Hardly was the Indian vanquished, 'Till the war of civil strife Called Ross out again to battle. From his happy pastoral life. Here again his noble courage Made h:m leader among men. First a private ; at the war's close He was Major General then. Manner gentle as a woman. Heart as tender as a child. Hardly could you guess his courage Did you hear his voice so mild. — 273 — But in battle could see him, Bravest patriot ! beardless boy. You'd have thouglit some god was fighting, . As the\- fought of old at Troy. Then the threatening, war-cloud vanished. Leaving ruin in its train, And the South her broken hearth-stones, Must rebuild with might and main. General Ross, like Cincinnatus, Then returned unto his farm, But a numerous band of robbers Caused the country new alarm. Peace and safety had departed, Treasure, life was common loss, All hearts turned then for deliverance. To the hero, General Ross. Then the robber-band was routed, As the Indian was before. And in fair McLennan County Peace and safety dwelt once more. Then the Gubernatorial honors Called a man that place to fill. And the warrior as the Governor, Was tlic glorious hero still. After this a great school called him There to fill the executive chair. And his labors there for Texas, Did with his whole life compare. Then there came a time of darkness, 9 On a still and solemn night. Gently as a falling snow-flake His great spirit took its flight. And there's now one duty left us, We who call fair Texas home — Rear now to his glorious mem'ry A great shaft of Texas stone. Let it tell to future children Of this land of sun and flowers, That this bravest, best of heroes. Lived for this grand State of ours. KiTTiE Er.r.T.s Him.. Waco, Texas, December 5, 1903. — 274 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1878. Danville, Virginia. VIRGINIA LADIES' MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, DANVILLE, VIEGINIA. On the fifth of June, 1872, a number of young ladies of Dan- ville formed an Association for the purpose of erecting a monu- ment to the memory of the beloved and honored Confederate Dead. The membership comprised about forty unmarried ladies. The organization was styled, The Ladies' Memorial Association of Danville, Virginia, and the officers were as follows : President, Miss Bettie Walters (afterwards Mrs. C. M. Flinn) ; Vice- President, Miss Nannie Wiseman ; Secretary, Miss Alice Shelton (now Mrs. F. J. Burton) ; Treasurer, Miss Ella Yates (now Mrs. A, M. Aiken). The founder of the Association was Miss Augusta Yates. All of the officers continue to hold the same offices with the exception of the beloved and faithful President, Mrs. C. M. Elinn, who died November 22nd, 1901. At a subse- quent meeting of the Association Mrs. A. M. Aiken was elected President and Miss Augusta Yates, Treasurer. Being organ- ized at a time when the whole South was groaning beneath a burden of financial distress and mercantile stagnation, it required the exercise of determination and perseverance, to raise sufficient money for the desired object. After five years the Association was in a position to give the contract for the obelisk to Mr, Maurice J. Soner, of New York. He furnished the bronze medallions of General Robert E. Lee and General Thomas J. Jackson ("Stonewall" Jackson), and transferred the contract for the granite work to Mr. M. Hayes, of Richmond, Virginia. It is made of Virginia granite from the quarries near Richmond, and the faces which bear inscriptions are polished to the smooth- ness of plate glass. It is erected upon an eminence in the Southeastern portion of Green Hill Cemetery, at the end of the main avenue leading from Lee street, and in full view of all trains on the Southern Railway. The mound upon which it stands is six feet high. Jts base is a solid block of granite seven feet square and fourteen inches high. The height of the shaft above the base is twenty-five feet. It weighs sixteen tons and cost two thousand dollars. The devices and inscriptions upon it are as follows: North face — (Medallion of General Robert E. Lee in bronze). General Robert E. Lee. Confederate Dead. Memorial Tribute. Of Virginia's Daugbtcrs To the Fallen Brave. Danville, Virginia. South face — (Medallion of '"Stonewall" Jackson in bronze). General Thomas J. Jackson. They Died as men who nobly contend for the cause of Truth and Right. " They softly lie and sweetly sleep." West face — Patriots. Know that these fell In the effort To establish just government and * Perpetuate Constitutional Liberty. Who thus die Will live in lofty example. East face — Quidquid ex his amavimus, Quidquid mirati sumus, Manet mansurumque est in An i mis hominum, in iEternitate temporem fama rerum. This is quoted from Tacitus (Agricola), and may be freely translated tlius : '' Whatsoever we have found to love in these men — whatsoever we have held in veneration — still lives in the memory of man and will endure through the eternal ages, in the roll of glorious achievements." The unveiling of the monument took place on Tuesday, September 3rd, 18TS. In respect to the occasion all the business houses in the town were closed and the principal streets were handsomely decorated with flags, mottoes and fes- toons. The occasion attracted crowds of visitors from the sur- rounding country, as well as from the neighboring cities and to\Mis in Virginia and Xorth Carolina. In addition to the — 276 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1882. Front Royal, Virginia. Danville military and masonic and other benevolent orders the procession included the military of Knights Templar of Lynch- burg. The Mayor and members of the common council, the clergy, and Judge of the Corporation Court, Captain John S. ^Vise, who delivered the oration on the occasion, and other distin- guished invited guests occupied carriages at the head of the procession, of which Captain Harry Harding was Chief Marshal. Cornet bands from Lynchburg, Virginia, and Salem, North Carolina, supplied the music. At the monument the ceremonies were opened with prayer by Eeverend Alexander Martin, D. D., after which Colonel Thomas S. Flournoy introduced the orator of the day. Captain Wise, who delivered an eloquent and touching address. Taken altogether this was probably the grandest pageant ever witnessed in Danville and was highly gratifying to the Ladies' Memorial Association. The chief work done by the Association during the past several years has been the observ- ance of Memorial Day, when with an abmidance of flowers they beautify their section in Green Hill Cemetery. Augusta Yates. WARREN MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, FRONT ROYAL, VIRGINIA. The Warren Memorial Association of Front Royal, Warren Count)'^, Virginia, was organized in 1868 with an original membership of sixty-one ladies and is one of the oldest of our memorial societies. The locality which we represent is limited in material resources, but rich in memories of our great struggle for Southern Independence, this vicinity having been the scene of some of the most gallant exploits of that stirring period. Thus we are deeply interested in preserving the records and traditions pertaining to those heroes who fought and died in defence of their dearest principles. Our Association has by individual efforts raised and expended thousands of dollars in collecting and re-interring the remains of our dead soldiers — known and unknown. We have secured and beautified an ideal resting place for these; have caused marble stones, inscribed with their names, to be erected over the graves of those who could be identified ; while over a large — 277 — central mound where sleep one hundred and sixty unknown patriots, we have reared a handsome shaft in comnieiuoration of their unselfish heroism. Although our body has decreased in numbers by the death or removal of some of the older members it was never more devoted or earnest in its efforts than now. Aware tliat we, too, before the lapse of many years must cease from our labors, we are anxious that the succeeding generation should be stimulated to continue the pious work we have begun. To this end we are drawing our auxiliary committees from the younger members of the community, thus giving them a personal interest in the work, and training them in the methods required for its successful accomplishment. This is but one phase of what has been accomplished i)y our Association. Aside from preserving the relics and memories of the past, we are discharging the duties usually devolving upon the " Daughters of the Confederacy "' by aiding the Camp of Confederate Veterans located here. This Camp is a weak one, growing less able every year to maintain itself. We raise an annual amount for its benefit, helping to pay rental of a hall for their use where their archives may Ix^ kept, and assisting the poorer members to pay their fees which they could not do other- wise. In fact our Association might be called the "conservatory^' of the Veterans' Camp, and of all relating to the honor of our cherished " Confederacy." As an evidence of the confidence reposed in our Association by the Confederate Veterans, we wish to state that the beautiful monument erected here three years ago in loving memory of seven of " Mosby's men," who were massacred by order of General Custer, has been solemnly committed to our care, by the surviv- ing members of that command, and on every Memorial Day we decorate this monument with flowers and wreaths of evergreeen. The officers serving at present are : Mrs. S. M. Davis-Roy, President; Miss Lucy K. Buck, Vice- President; Mrs. Robert Brockett, Second Vice-President; Mrs. W. C. Weaver, Secretary. I trust that this brief record may be worthy of a place in the annals of our Confederation and that all our Councils shall be guided by Divine Wisdom. Mrs. S. ^[. Davis-Roy, rresident. — 27S — V^v, TO THE MEMORY OF THE V. M. I. CADETS. Unveiled 1903, Lexington, Virginia. NEW MARKET MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA. " Sleeping, but glorious. Dead in Fame's portal, Dead, but victorious. Dead, but immortal." James Barron Hope. Since the glorious victory of the V. M. I. Cadets at New- Market, May 15th, 1864, it has been the sad pleasure of the women of the Virginia Military Institute to decorate the graves of these heroes. Only a few were doing this work so it was decided to form an association and give all a chance to do them honor. Our efforts met with success. A meeting was called on May 28th, 1897, at Mrs. G. D. Letcher's, at which time officers were elected and sixty-one members enrolled. Officers : Miss Margaret W. Freeland, President ; Mrs. Thomas Semmes, First Vice-President; Mrs. Robert Marr, Second Vice- President; Miss Rosa Brooke, Secretary. The officers of said Association asked the Board of Visitors to let the day be made a more notable one, which they granted, with directions that the following ceremonies, which are most beautiful and impressive, be carried out. That hereafter, as in the past, the 15th of May in each year be observed as Memorial Day. Suspension of all Academic duties, and in the afternoon in place of Battalion Parade, the cadets be marched to the Cadet Cemetery and fire three volleys over the graves. Ranks are then broken; the band plays, at which time the First Class form in column of twos and place flowers on the graves; then the entire Corps of Cadets and the Citizens of Lexington place their flowers on the graves of the heroic dead. Eight guns are fired in commemoration of the number killed, wdth Minute guns during the ceremony. The monument which was unveiled on June 23rd, 1903, is largely due to the untiring efl'orts of the ladies of the New Market Memorial Association, and the V. M. I. Alumni Com- mittee of which Mr. G. D. Letcher was Chairman; they wrote to all the Alumni asking aid. Among the ladies especial credit is due Miss Margaret W. Freeland, who unaided raised nearly one thousand dollars, and inspired the V. M. I. Alumni Associa- tion to carry the work forward. Mrs. R. A. j\Iarr threw her energy and enthusiasm into the movement and personally raised considerable funds. The Chairman of the Alumni Committee wrote to Sir Moses Ezckiel, the famous Sculptor, wlio was one of the Cadets in the battle, and he gave his time and work, which amounted to seven thousand dollars, in his magnificent work of "Virginia ^loiirning Her Dead/' which he had kv\)t in plaster all these years. This statue in bronze is placed on the Parade Ground in front of Jackson ^lemorial Hall. The Koster Eoll is on bronze tablets, on Avhiih are the names of those engaged in the battle. Ever}^ cadet in that Batallion which faced death in the terril)le charge, that Avon the victory, made A\ithout faltering or losing step under murderous fire, which cut down about a fourth in killed and wounded — every cadet in it was a hero, and in this design a hero's monument awaits him. This is perhaps the only monument in the history of the world's wars commemorating a victory won by a battalion of boys, and it is characteristic of the heroism and devotion of the entire South. " They gave us great glory, What more could they give? They left us a story, A story to live." LADIES' RELIEF HOSPITAL, LYXCHBURG, VIRGINIA. The President of this noble institution, l)orn of the war, was Mrs. Lucy Jlina Otey of this city, a woman of strong character and charming personality. Here indeed, she has left behind a splendid record of her usefulness and gentle deeds. Where in the whole South, is lier name not known and mentioned with reverence and love. For four years she devoted herself with a zeal and energy that never wavered to the care and comfort of our ])oor, weary, sick and wounded soldiers. Endowed with administrative talents at once rare and wonderful, and which might have reflected credit and honor upon one of the sterner sex, she took charge of the Hospital in its infancy in the year 1H('>2, and when it was but a struggling institution, dependent solely upon public charity, and in the face of difli- culties that would have appalled and discouraged one of weaker resolution, .che succeeded in attracting to it the special notice and favor of the (iovernment, and establishing for it a name — 280 — MRS. LUCY MINA OTEY, President Ladies' Relief Hospital, 1862, L\'ncliburg, Virginia. and fame replete with glory of noble deeds, and sweet womanly cliarities. Truly, a debt of gratitude was created throughout the Confederacy, for her unwearied and tender care of sons, husbands, fathers and brothers, who in the helplessness of dis- ease and suffering were consigned to her charge, and some of whom she soothed through the valley of the shadow of death, when there was no mother near to smooth their pillow, and no sister's hand to wipe the cold dew from their dying brows. With a courage and cheerfulness, that amounted to Spartan heroism, she gave up her family of sons, and her son-in-law, Capt. John Stewart Walker, to the active service of her beloved Southland. Full of patriotism, fortitude and courage, she bade each of them, "Fight first, last and all the time for the glorious flag of your Country, never surrender, but in death or victory." With noble fortitude and endurance, she continued her labors at the Hospital until Southern arms were at last laid down and Southern hands folded before the conqueror. When the struggle ended, only four remained of the seven gallant sons she had given to her country's service — three noble lives were sacrificed on the altar of duty — yet she was never heard to utter a murmur, her Christian courage was equal to her patrio- tism. In her church she was conspicuous for the zeal and energy with which she nursed every scheme, having for its object the advancement and welfare of the Zion she loved. Prominent in all benevolent enterprises and social reforms, she left a name eminently associated with whatever pertained to the good of her race, to Temperance, Patriotism and Charity. M-rs. Lucy jMina Otey was the widow of Captain John M. Otev. LADIES' MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION. Soon after the war, the Ladies of Lynchburg, organized a Memorial Association; the object dear to the hearts of every Southern woman, was the care of the graves of the Confederate Soldiers, who died here, or who were brought from distant bat- tlefields. Mrs. Lucy Mina Otey conceived the noble purpose of securing an appropriate place, and setting it apart for the last resting place of Soldiers of the Confederate Army. A hand- some monument was erected in the early seventies by the ladies — 281 — interested in this movment, mauy of whom have loug since past to their reward. This monument stands in the center of the soldiers' section, marliing the graves of the fallen heroes, from Maryland and Missouri, to Texas and Florida. Three thousand soldiers sleep here, and the Memorial Association, of wliich Mrs. Kirkwood Otey is President, and Mrs. John H, Lewis, Secretary and Treasurer, will have head stones placed over many of these before the annual Memorial Day. We trust that the States will take up this work, as assistance should be rendered now, as we fear the lessening of interest in the hearts and minds of those who were not participants. We com- mend this thought to the Legislators of the different States, that they may have an interest in this work, and the Memorial Association would soon be enabled to complete this noble work, of preserving and protecting the graves of men, from very South- ern State. LADIES' MEMOEL^^L ASSOCIATION, MANASSAS, YIKCtIXIA. The ''Ladies' Memorial Association"' of Manassas was organ- ized/May 25th, 1867, with Mrs. Sara Fewell, President; Mrs. Hannah Lindsley, Eecording Secretary; ]\Irs. B. D. Merchant, Corresponding Secretary; Miss Sallie Jolinson, Treasurer; and Miss Mollie Weedon, Sub-Treasurer. Articles of a constitution, were drawn up and adopted. The object of the society being to care for the Confederate Dead and to instruct children as to the sacred duty of remembering and caring for the graves of the loved and lost — of the land we love; and the duty of each officer, or any one who might hereafter become a member, should be, to urge others to become members. Miss Mary Lipscomb, paid the first dollar to the Association, making her an Annual ]\romber. The first of July following, the pupils of "Clover Hill School." taught by Mrs. H. Lindsley, gave an entertain- ment, and turned $30.00 into the Treasury, and by the united voice of the officers, the scholars were made "Life ilembers.'' The following is a list of tlieir names: Annie M. Johnson, Howison Hooe, Eliza A. Corbett, Virginia Merchant, ^laggie Foley, George W. Weedon, Joseph B. Johnson, Isabella Corbett, Sallie Cannon, Willie ^Merchant, Mary Foley, Fannie Fewell, ^lartha Warren. Jolin Fitsgerald, Pebecca ^Maukin, :Michael — 282 — MRS. KIRKWOOD OTEY, President Ladies" Memorial Association, Lynchburg, Virginia. Fitsgerald, Charles E. Brawner, and Ernest Lindsley. The same month there were added to our number as Life Members : Mrs. Emily E. Johnson, Mrs. Jane Merchant, Miss Josephine S. T. Cockrell, Mrs. Elmina Cockrell, Mrs. B. D. Merchant, and Judge Charles E. Sinclair. At this time, the late W. S. Fewell, Esq., donated to the Association, one acre of land to be used as a "Confederate Cemetery.^' The "Constitution" of the organiza- tion, calling for an "Advisory Board," the following gentlemen were elected: W. S. Fewell, Dr. Carter Berkley, Lewis Butler. F. A. Weedon, J. J. Cockrell and William C. Merchant. At the first regular meeting a letter of thanks was received by the Asso- ciation from (Ircneral Robert E. Lee for conferring upon him an " Honorary Membership." This letter is treasured among the archives of the Association. May 25th, 1868, Mr. J. J. Cockrell was made " General Superintendent of the Cemetery and Memorial Affairs," and under his supervision during the following year, the ground was plowed and harrowed and graded with two wide avenues, crossing each other in thic center, dividing the acre into four s(juares, with two wide gateways, surmounted with arches, with tlie inscriptions, " Confederate Cemetery," painted in large, shaded letters. The lot was inclosed with a paling or picket fence, painted white and tipped with Ijlack ; there were two hundred and fifty bodies removed and re-interred there; the re- mains of soldiers who had died in camp, hospitals or adjacent farmhouses, during the fall of '61 and the winter of '62. No remains were lirought here from the battle-field, they were cared for by the Groveton Association of Prince William C*ounty. Mr. J. J. Cockrell tendered to the Board of Officers his resignation April 16th, 1869, and Mr. C. H. A. Weedon was appointed in his stead. During the summer of this year the young ladies and gentle- men of Manassas and vicinity formed a Dramatic Club, known as the " Memorial Aid Society," their object being to raise funds to help the "Memorial Association" in their laborious under- taking; and after a series of entertainments given in Manassas, Dumfries and Occoquan, they turned over to the Treasurer of the Association sixty-three dollars and thirty-five cents ($63.35). The members of this "Aid Society" who were not connected with the Association as " Life Members," were : Dr. J. W. Hornbaker, Robert Waters, W. H. Wigginton, J. E. — 283 — Biawnor, George \V. Johnson, Hiss Annie Weir, ]\Iiss Cattie Hickerson, Bertie Weir, Lizzie Weir and ]\Iary Weir. By the unanimous vote of the Association, these were made " Life Members." Under the supervision of Superintendent C. H. A. Weedon, the lieadboards for marking the graves were set, painted white with name and regiment in bhick letters, wherever they could be ascertained. When a stone was found with a letter or inscription, the stone was moved and reset in place of a new l\eadboard. Over one-half were marked " Unknown." A large circular moimd was built in the center of the lot where the avenues were intersected with three terraces on which to ])lant flowers, a border three feet wide, and a walkway were made around tlie entire cemetery, next to the fence; the border V, as also intended for flowers, and llie ladies of the Association I'lanted many there. Among the donations of shade trees tliat were planted were six white pines by Mr. ^Moses liixon, a gray- b.aired father, who had lost a son in battle. He brought them in his arms and })lanted them \vit1i his own hands; to-day there is only one standing uninjured. The Cemetery up to this time had cost $626.16. Money raised by entertainments, life-member fees, donations, and one dinner given by a number of gentlemen on July 21st, 1868. As an or- ganization or society, the ladies of ]\Ianassas have had a great deal to contend witli; their homes and the surrounding country left a barren waste by the devastating hand of war — nothing but blackened chimneys marked the site of once happy homes. The necessity of re-building was a heavy burden on the impover- ished people, yet under many difliculties they never ceased in their efforts to perpetuate the memory of those who had " passed over the river '' and were resting under the shade of the trees. In 1873 a bill passed the General Assembly of Virginia (in- troduced by George C. Bound, of Prince William County), and called "House Bill 94," that "Hannah L. Johnson, Harriet flixon, Sallie E. Johnstm, Josie S. T. Brawner, ]\Iollie H. Weedon v.ui\ the life members associated with them, are hereby incorpor- f.ted under the nanu- ami style of Ladies' "Mcinoi-ial Associa- tion of Manassas, and shall be invested with ]HT])etual succession and in all respects shall l)e invested with rights ami ])rivilcges conferred and subject to the restrictions and regulations ])rc- scribed for corporations in the Code of Virginia. The said A--ociation >1im11 Iimvc j)o\v('r to receive donations, and to hold — 284 — any land, heretofore or hereafter conveyed to them, for the pur- pose of maintaining a cemetery for the Confederate Dead, with pcwer to remove, hnry and properly care for the same, and witii power to dispose of any land conveyed to tliem not necessary for the purpose aforenamed, and to appropriate the proceeds thereof, to effect the objects of tlie Association as lierein be- fore named." During the year of 1874, the officers of the Association found that tlieir l)eautiful fence and arches were beginning to decay — that the palings in several places along the railroad had to be replaced. In April of this year the Association was approached with a proposition from the Town Council of ilanassas for the control of the vacant ground, or, in other words, the whole Cemetery, to direct how it should be beautified and fenced, as they proposed to purchase the land lying between the ]\Iemorial Cemetery and the County road for a Citizens' Cemetery, if the Association would give iip to them the control of the Confed- erate Cemetery, as they wished to beautify them alike. A meet- ing was called as " per request," but the proposition was unani- mously rejected. The Spring of 187G found the Cemetery in- closure in a dilapidated condition, the whole line of fence along the railroad was gone. Acting with tlie advice of the Chair- man of the Advisory Board (Mr. William S. Fewell) the Asso- ciation sold two family lots to citizens and replaced the palings with a " White Oak " plank fence. May 25th, 1879, found the Cemetery without any enclosure — palings and planks all gone, and the Association seeing the ne- cessity of something more substantial than wood, appointed a committee to solicit subscriptions in different sections of the State and elsewhere, to enclose it with a stone wall or iron fence ; it was thouglit that a wall would cost less, as suitable stone could be obtained from the Brown Stone Quarries near by. May 25th, 1882, the Constitution was amended, and Article III. made to read "Application for membership shall be sub-, mitted in writing," and many new Life Memljers were added to the organization. The following is a list : Mrs. C. H. Whittington, Hon. E. E. Meredith, Mrs. W. E. Lipscomb, Mrs. J. Wilkins, Mrs. Maggie Barber, R. W. Mer- chant, J. B. Tliornton, Inez White, B. B. Merchant, William C. Merchant, J. J. Cockrell, Mrs. T. S. Eead, J. R. Tillet, Dr. C. C. Barbour, J. C. Weems, Mrs. J. C. Weems, Charles H. Whit- tington, L. A. Larkin, H. N". Brawner. L. Butler, William C. — 285 — Fewell, \V. 11. Francis, Judge W. E. Lipscomb, J. J. Davis, Augusta A. llornbaker, F. M. Houcheiis, C. L. Hynson, G. G. Galleher, Ella Brodcrs, H. F. Lynn, W. W. Thornton, F. A. Weedon. In 1.S83 the stone wall was commenced and nearly completed when the work was stopped for want of funds. At a special meeting of the Association, March 2nd, 1887, it was resolved that instead of completing the wall that was be- gun, all the bodies now in the cemetery and as many more as may be found, shall be put in one place and a monument bo erected over them, and a sul»stantial iron fence put around it." Early in the year of 1888 a monument of Brown stone was commenced, the corner-stone of which was laid witli Masonic ceremonies. In June of this year the Association received an apropriation from the Legislature of Virginia of $1,000.00. At a meeting of the Association, May 22nd, 1891), it was " resolved that the third Article of the Constitution be so amended that persons could become life members by the payment of one dollar," and tliat the Daughters of the Confederacy should become members to the number of fifteen, the said Daughters having expended the sum of $15.00 on the Cemetery grounds; the following mem- bers of the Daughters of the Confederacy were received as life members, on payment of one dollar. Mrs. Jennie Wolfe, Mrs. Lucy Arrington, Miss Maud Johnson, Miss Selina Wolfe, ]\Irs. J. B. Johnson, Miss Thedo Waters, Miss Florence Kinchelo, Mrs. Sylvia Meredith, ^liss Lizzie Larkin, Miss Lillie Hixon, Misses Clara and Ik^rtie Lam, Miss Effie Nelson, Miss Florence Herrell, Mrs. Contee Meredith, ^Nlrs. Susan Hutchinson. During the year 1889, our efforts were crowned with success, the monument to the Confederate Dead was unveiled on August iUst, 1889. The orators on that memorable occasion were Gen. W. Henry Fitz Lee (the son of our immortal Robert E. Lee), and Major John Daniel, of Lynchburg, Virginia, at present representing liis district in the United States Senate. These distinguished Veterans, with (ienerals I'aynf, Scott, Blackwell and others, added much to the impressive ctTcmony by their presence, and stirring, patriotic addresses. For the last two years, 1902 and 190;{, the Association has received an appro])riation from the State of fifty dollars each year to be expeiuled in caring for the Cemetery. The first — 286 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled 1889. Manassas, Virginia. thing to be considered was to enclose the two sides opening into the Citizens' Cemetery so as to prevent the grounds from being driven over and used as a "Parking Phice" for vehicles, in time of funerals, so now we have an artistic iron post fence, the posts eight feet apart and connected with one rail of iron piping, and adds much to the looks of the place, the other two sides — one lying along the railroad and Western side, arc enclosed with a woven wire fence, but the Association hopes sometime in the near future to be able to put a substantial iron fence in lieu of the wire. The monument is built of brown building stone with four marble tablets — only one half of the ground is occupied, and the monument is built on one half of that ; at a recent meet- ing it was agreed that one half of the other half, making one- fourth of an acre — be set apart and reserved for the resting place of any ex-Confederate soldier who might wish to be buried there. The Association hopes by some means to raise funds to place a bronze figure of a soldier "at rest" on his arms on the apex of the monument. Each returning spring they, together with the Ewell Camp of Confederate Veterans and Daughters of the Confederacy, repair to the cemetery and strew the graves with flowers. The Daugh- ters of the Confederacy have erected a "Eustic Speakers' Stand ' near the monument, and they try to have some gifted orator each Memorial Day to remind the aged and show forth to the young what the occupants of these honored graves laid down their lives for. The following is a list of names who have been officers of the Ladies' Memorial Associatiox of Manassas. Presidents. — Mrs. Sarah Fewell, Mrs. Hannah L. Johnson, Mrs. Theresa Eead, Mrs. J. C. Weems, Mrs. C. C. Barber, Mrs. B. D. Merchant, Miss Lizzie Larkin, Mrs. Thurston Wolfe, Mrs. William E. Lipscomb. Vice-Presidents. — Mrs. B. D. Merchant, Mrs. Harriet Hixon, Mrs. Hannah L. Johnson, Mrs. W. E. Lipscomb, Miss Sallie E. Johnson, Mrs. J. C. Weems, Mrs. Maggie Barbour, Miss Florence Kinchelo, Mrs. C. C. Barber, Miss Lizzie Larkin. Recording Secretaries. — Hannah L. Lindsley, Sallie E. John- son, J. S. T. Brawner, Mrs. J. C. Weems, Mrs. L. A. Larkin, Maud M. Johnson. Corresponding Secretaries. — Mrs. B. D. Merchant, Sallie E. Johnson, Maggie Foley, Mrs. C. C. Barbour, Mrs. C. E. Brawner, Miss Lillie Hixon, Mrs. T. Wolfe. — 287 — Treasurers. — Sallie E. Johnson, ^f. U. Weodon, C. E. Brawner, H. Ilixon, ^Irs. 8. Hutchinson, G. W. Jolmson. OlTicers for the presoat year are: Mrs, W. E. Lipscomb, President; Miss Flora Kineholoe, Vice-President; Mrs, W. Hutchinson, Treasurer; ]\riss ]\Iaud Johnson, Eocording Secre- tary; Mrs, Jennie Ashby Wolfe, Corresponding Secretary; ]\Irs. George Johnson, Historian. LADIES' MEMOIHAL ASSOCLVTIOX, PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA, The Ladies' Memorial Asociation of Petersburg, Virginia, was organized IVIay Gth, 18G6. The women of Petersburg, in a measure recovering from the sorrows of a war, to which they gave their all, on this date met together to devise means to perpetuate their gratitude and admiration for tliose who died defending homes and loved ones. The Association was organized and the following officers were elected: President, Mrs. \Vm. T. Joynes; Six Vice-Presi- dents ; Recording Secretarv. Mrs. Stephen Fenn ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs, John Wyche; Treasurer, ]\rrs. A, M. Keiley. After election of officers the following was resolved: First. That any lady might become a member by paying 50 ^ents a month. Honorary member of either sex, without the right to vote, on payment of $10.00. . Second. That we invite the co-operation of friends in the country and elsewhere, suggesting that they form similar socie- ties. Third. That our efforts shall not be confined to the dead Df our city alone; but infornuition will be sought and aid extended whenever necessary to do iilvc honor to all the noble martyi-s to this cause, who are buried around us. Fourth. That a committer be ai)point('d to visit every burial spot within our reach to mark more distinctly the names which are rapidly being obliterated. These committees were ajjpointed and acted on this resolu- tion. At a meeting held May 30tii, was discussed the proper celebration of the 0th of .Tune, the anniversary of th(> nob^e defence of our city by the Reserves, many of wliom fell on that day. By a unanimous vote it was decided to make this, the Mill of June, a peruu\nent Memorial l^ay. — 2S8 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENT, Unveiled i8qo. Petersburg. Virginia. At a meeting ou the 6th of June, a resolution was adopted as follows : Resolved, That we will collect the bones of our brave soldiers, now bleaching before Fort Steadman, and, as a part of the Memo- rial Day service, inter them within the enclosure of " Old Bland- ford Church Cemetery,'' with all that honor and love due from us to those heroes, who helped to defend our homes. Captain Pegram made an address and Eeverend J. C. Gran.- berry offered the prayer.. The following ladies were chosen to direct the four divisions of the Association so that not one grave should be neglected : Mrs. W. S. Simpson, Jr., Mrs. E. G. Pegram, Mrs. David Callendar and Mrs. David Dugger. These graves were scattered all around the city. At a meeting in the following October it was resolved to ask the Common Council of our city to appropriate, free of charge to the Association, as much ground in "Old Blandford Cemetery" as might be necessary in which to bury the dead scattered around our city; thus gathering in one spot our beloved dead that they might in the future be cared for by this Association. This petition when presented was granted, and under the shade of the trees of this hallowed spot sleep 25,000 heroes. After the labor of gathering from field and forest these remains, the next work of the Association was the erection of an Arch at the entrance of the grounds, on the front of which is inscribed " Our Confederate Dead," and on the opposite side : " Waiting the Eeveille." Several years after a granite shaft was completed and dedicated to the Confederate Dead. This monument, which was unveiled ou June 9th, 1890, was reared by the efforts of devoted women, and speaks most eloquently to all the South, that the ashes of its sons resting within the shadow of this battle-crowTicd city, are ever guarded by tender hearts. The monmnent stands admirably located on Memorial Hill facing northward, in the bosom of whose grassy slopes sleep the heroes whose memory it honors. Looking to the southeast in full view, is Eeve's farm, where, in June, '61, grey-b. aired sires and chivalric youths of our city heroically yielded life for altars and homes. Half a mile nearer in the same direction is " the Crater," the field of combat that gave additional lustre to the fame of Petersburg's defence, while a few hundred yards — 289 — away, almost in a direot line with its cast face, yet remain tlie ruins of Fort Steadman, the scene of Lee's last and splendid effort to relieve onr hcleagured city. The site itself was often swept by shot and shell, and it was also the objective point of assaulting Federal columns on the morning of June 30th, 18(54. The monument, foundation and super-structure is of Virginia granite, taken from the Asylum quarry near this city. The monument, square in form, is in seven sections above the ground. A heavy base and two sub- bases, graduating in size and aggregating five feet in height; a die with projecting cap six feet; a shaft with beveled edges twelve and a half feet, and cap-stone one foot, making the total height of the ^Memorial column about twenty-live feet. On the four faces of the die are polished tablets bearing in- scriptions, and on the north side of the front of the monument, the second base bears in large capital letters in relief, " Con- federate Dead.'' On the third or upper base is inscribed the couplet : "Plant the fair cohimii o'er tlie vacant grave; A hero's honor let a hero have." On this face of the die is emhhizoned the coat of arms of Virginia, above on the die projection, " 18G1-'G5," and the cap- stone bears the legend " Gloria Victis." The Soutliern tablet has the names of the States composing tlie Confederacy and on the base under it : " Erected by the Peters- burg Ladies' Memorial Association." A beautiful shield in- scribed, " The Crater, July 30th, 18G4," adorns the east front. The west face, next the city, has the names, of the patriots who fell on the 9th of June, 1864. The statue of the soldier is of bronze, tlie figure of a Confederate soldier, six feet high, '" ac- countred as a private of infantry, a full cartridge l)ox, lightly filled haversack, rolled blanket, canteen and old slouch hat " that in the days gone by waved the measure of the yell of "Johnny Ik'b." — the fiercest war-cry that ever smote a foeman's ear. A handsome granite curbing encloses the grassy area in the center of which the monument stands. The cost of the wliole apjiroximates $4,000. The officers of this association arr: President, Mrs. II. \'an L. Bird; Vice-President, Mrs. David Callendar; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Pichard Gill; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Shelton — 290 — ^~ E J|^ if as a separate Association, the members pledging themselves to assist the mother organization in any and every way. It is a distinct association, worthy to be the heirs in honor of its mother — the Holh-^'ood l^Iemorial Association, and may her mantle fall on the shoulders of her child — the Junior Hollpvood Mem- orial Association. Mrs. W. M. Wade, Ttccording Secretary. OAKWOOD MEMOEIAL ASSOCIATION, RICHMON"D, VIEGINIA. On the 19th of April, 1866, a little band gathered in the old Third Presbyterian Curch, and after a devout prayer by the Rev. Dr. Proctor, Oakwood Memorial Association was founded. This organization had for its object the caring for the graves, and perpetuating the memory of the soldiers and sailors of the Confederacy, wliose remains, to the number of over 16,000, rest within the confines of Oakwood Cemetery. The dead from the following States: Maryland, 19; Virginia, 1,138; North Carolina, 1,417; South Carolina, 510; Georgia, 1,696; Florida, 345; Alabama, 928; Mississippi, 398; Louisiana, 149; Texas, 193; Arkansas, 33; Tennessee, 134; Kentucky, 20; Recorded and State not given, 1,148; Unknown, 8,000; Total, 16,128. Many of the dear women founding that noble organization have long since entered into their eternal rest, but their younger sis- ters, their daughters and grand-daughters, prove now that their principles and teaching fell on fertile ground, for in all tliese long years which have elapsed, the Association has been steadily growing, and to-day it is one of the most active Confederate Memorial Associations in the South. May 10th, 1866 wa-s chosen as the inaugural memorial cele- bration, and it will show how eager the Association was to begin the service of honoring the brave Confederate Dead in — 304 — Oakwood, if I can copy a line or two from our old record, now in the keeping of the Confederate Museum : " About 9 a. m. the exercises began; opened by prayer, in old St. John's Church, by Dr. Price, an address followed by Dr. JSTorwood, after which the procession numbering 500 people, walking two and two, their arms loaded with spring's sweetest flowers, walked out to Oakwood, where several other addresses were listened to, as was also a letter from General Robert E. Lee." The graves of the Confederate soldiers were then tearfully strewn with evergreens and flowers. Ah ! these graves were then so newly made. Many a hand trembled, and many a sob came from those broken hearted women that first Memorial Day. June 26th, 1866, such names as President Davis and wife. General Eobert E. Lee and wife, Joseph E. Johnston and wife and Mrs. T. J. Jackson were added to Oakwood Memorial Association's list. Mrs. Mary H. Smith of sainted memory was the first President. May 24, 1866, Oakwood Memorial Association made a proposi- tion for a union with Hollywood Association (Hollywood Association was organized May 3, 1866), the proposition was duly presented by Dr. Edwards, and Hollywood rejected it. All hope of uniting the two Memorial Associations was then forever given up and Oakwood Memorial Association went to work in deed and in truth. Head-boards and foot-boards were placed over each grave, neatly marked with name, state and regi- ment, etc. Money was scarce ; but with self-denial and industry this task was soon accomplished. Legislatures of Georgia, South Carolina and Mississippi helping nobly in this cause. On July 4, 1866 the young men of the Eastern part of the city volunteered to work in Confederate section in Oakwood. The grounds were much improved and many flowers planted and general interest seemed to be growing in the younger set. February 1867 the city of Galveston gave Oakwood Memorial Association $382.66; the Association now sees her debts all paid, and with undaunted zeal, these loving hearts prepare to further honor her beloved dead by placing a monument to their memory, to stand a perpetual memorial of their glorious deeds. The corner stone of the monument was laid May 24th, 1868, and on Memorial Day, 1872, the beautiful shaft of gran- ite was unveiled. The work of decay is, however, going on all this while on the wooden head and foot boards; they had in 1887 become an unsightly spectacle, and as no funds were in liand to put new head boards, Oakwood Memorial Association — 305 — reluctantly consented to have the decayed, wooden boards re- moved, and maps of the ground were made by the City Engineer, graves located and numbered in a chart, and soon thereafter a fund was started for replacing the wooden liead boards with granite head and footstones, which will stand the ravages of time and weatlier. At this writing, we are still working to raise money for this object, Virginia Legislature has again and again been petitioned for help, so far in vain* In 18TT, the beloved first President, Mrs. Smith died. ^Irs. A. Y. Stokes succeeded her as President, working with much zeal for the good of the cause; she was succeeded by Mr.s. Ilonry Christian as President. It was during this admirable achnin- istration that the Junior Oakwood Memorial Association was organized, ^lareh 23, 189(1, Mrs. Alice Fitz, as the energetic President. This Junior Organization has been the comfort and pride of the Senior Association. Miss Bodeker was made President of the Senior Association, March 4, 1897. March 7, 19U0, Mrs. Stephen Beveridge was elected President. She has ever had the loving supjiurt of both branches of the Associa- tion, and in this brief history it is impossible to tell how the Virginia Legislature has been petitioned, by-laws revised, new members added, etc.. and how cacli year with the coming of flowers and the glad song of bird, we weave wreatlis and gar- lands, and lay them upon the still bosoms of our sleeping heroes. Truly can it be said that our work is not being neglected in tlie hands of the present Association. The Juniors, so young and hopeful, and so eager, have joined in heartily; and it was from them came the suggestion that Oakwood Memorial Asso- ciation have a memorial service at some church on Sunday preceding ^lemorial Day. The idea was grasped at once, and all its possibilities for good recognized, and our first Memorial service in church was held Sunday evening, !May (>, 1900. The churcli was filled with the old veterans, and they had not then the form and front of grim visaged war, but a softened, sweet- ened expression, as they listened to the nuin of God, a son of an old Confederate veteran, Kev. Ashby Jones. Now our Mem- orial service is a fi.xed factor, and will never be discontinued. In 190(», Oakwood joined the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and sent as a delegate to Louisville, Kentueky, one of its members, Mrs. D. C. Eichardson, who was then *8incc writinir the above the General Aaflomhly of Vir^ina b&s passed an act authorizing an annual appropriation for the care and preservation of Confedirat* graves, not otherwiae provided for. — 306 — CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS. Union Springs, Alabama. Unveiled i8q5. Portsmouth, Virginia. Unveiled 1903. Winchester, Virginia. Unveiled 1879. 2. Albany, Georgia. Unveiled igoi. 4. Manassas, Virginia. Unveiled i88g. 6. Americus, Georgia. Unveiled 1901. chosen Vice-President for Virginia. In 1900 all the old vol- umes, containing the Oakwood Memorial Asociation's records, from organization, were lovingly gathered, and with the origi- nal books, containing the death roll of Confederates at Oak- wood, were presented to the Confederate Museum. Thus a volume of Oakwood's history was finished; and we lovingly gave it into the keeping of the Confederate Museum. We had a fac-simile of the old volume made, and a new chapter of Oakwood Memorial Association is now being written, and as the years go by this, too, shall be added to the Museum's sacred store. Let us hope as time goes on otlier volumes shall again and again be finished and given to the proper custodians, and thus the history of Oakwood Memorial Association be kept as loDg as the sun floods this blessed Southland, and as long as memory lasts. God bless the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and grant to its meml>ers the spirit of unselfish devotion, and crown them with a womanhood as untarnished as is the glory of the brave Confederate dead. Mrs. Stephen Beveridge, President. JUNIOR OAKWOOD MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. The Junior Oakwood Memorial Association was organized March 23rd, 1896, with a mem1)ership of sixty. Its first and only President is Mrs. Alice C. Fitz, under whose guidance the Asso- ciation has pressed onvrard in the work of the Southern Cause, rendering ever a helping hand to the mother Association. Mrs. Fitz has ever endeavored to keep in the minds of those associated with her the object for which the Association was organized. The membership has decreased, still the remaining few are loyal to a Cause, dear to the hearts of the Southern women, who have endeavored to show to the world that the Heroes of '61-'65 will ever be remembered. The Junior Oakwood has on Memorial Day, May 10th (Annual), the care of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, which stands on an eminence which is beheld by the parties entering historic Richmond, whether by water or rail. The ent? ance to Oakwood Cemetery where stands the first monu- ment e ected to the Confederate Dead, is also the care of the Juniors, and it is saying indeed little, when I say the Juniors perfoTm well every duty assigned. — 307 — COXFEDERATE MEMORIAL LITERARY SOCIETY, RICHMO XI), VIRG IXI A. Object: The Preservation of Confederate Records and Relics. The CoxfEDERATE Museum. On May 26, 1890, in the City of Richmond, A^irginia, "The Confederate Memorial Literary Society" was organized from the "Ladies Holl}'Ts-ood Memorial Association," an association which had been in existence since May 3, 1866. The new society was duly chartered May 31, 1890, and at once began its work, which was to collect and receive by gift, purchase or otherwise all books and other literary productions pertaining to the late war between the States, and of those engaged therein; all works of art and science, all battle-flags and relics and other emblems of that struggle, and to preserve and keep the same for the use of said society and the public. The purpose of the society was first to secure the house which had been occupied by President Jefferson Davis during the war, and to convert it into a Confederate Memorial Hall, which should represent the whole South, in the Capital of the Confederate States. To seek the endorsement and co-operation of these States and the Confederate Camps, an appeal was published in every Southern newspaper, and sent broad-cast to all Southern- ers, asking their aid to establish this Museum in the "White House of the Confederacy,"' to be a combined offering of love and gratitude from the entire Southern people, to commemo- rate the virtues of the heroes from all the Southern States. How heartily this was indorsed was shown by the magnificent re- ceipts, both in money and in relics, from the " Memorial Bazaar," held in Richmond, in the early spring of 1893. Recovered at last from its use as headquarters for the Federal troops and the threatened use of it by the "Freedmen's Bureau" as a negro school, this historic building was donated to the Confederate Memorial Literary Society in December, 1890, and was presented by John B. Cary, on the part of the city on June 3, 1894, for the purposes assigned in its charter. The last official act of the Hon. J. Taylor Ellyson, as ^Mayo.- of the City of Richmond, Va., was to affix his signature to this deed. The work of restoration was immediately begun. The repairs — 30S — \ were necessarily costly and extensive, when the building is pre- served, as it was when used as the Executive Mansion of the Confederate States, except that it is now fire-proof and steam- heated. The work was somewhat delayed by a consideration of the plans proposed by Mr. C. B. Eouss and presented to the society by Col. E. C. Wood and others in the fall of 1893. These plans were almost identical with our own, which were by this time already well advanced. It was not, however, until 1896 that the building was ready for the reception of its treasures, the collection of which had been in charge of a special committee for three years. On February 22, 1896, it was formally opened to the public with appropriate exercises, prayer by the world renowned divine and loyal Confederate, Eev. Moses D. Hoge, D. D., and an eloquent address by Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, who was intro- duced by the Governor, Charles T. OTerrell. All of the city officials and members of the Legislature were present, and the battalion and band of the Eichmond Light Infantry Blues in attendance. A room was assigned to each State, Eegents and Vice-Eegents having already been elected, and the work of placing the relics was begun. The Southern Historical Society accepted a room as the future home for its valuable library, archives and other historical data, and in two weeks time the rooms presented the appearance which justified the collection of an entrance fee. Saturdays were made free. Necessary committees for the man- agement of the Museum had been appointed. There was also an advisory board of Confederate Veterans, some of the most prominent gentlemen of the city. Miss Isabel Maury, a relative of Commodore Matthew F. Maury and of Gen. Dabney H. Maury was elected House Eegent, and a janitor was appointed. Other assistants soon became necessary and two Confederate Veterans were elected for these duties. From the opening of the Museum on February 2 2d, until the following December, the visitors numbered nearly eight thousand, of whom one-fourth were from the North and foreign countries. These visitors nimiber nearly 10,000 each year. At the reunion of Confederate Veterans held in Eichmond in 1896, Mrs. Davis, once more in her old home, held a reception for these old heroes and the public. She was assisted by her daugh- ter, Mrs. Maggie Davis Hayes, and her grandson, Jefferson — 309 — Davis, illness preventing the presence of "Miss Winnie." It was at once inspiring and pathetic to witness the loyal devotion there displayed. Old mantels and chandeliers and a small portion ot" tiie furni- ture and draperies belonging to the home-life of 1861-1865 have been replaced. Over each door is the name of the State repre- sented and her coat of arms, and in each room have been placed sealed ebony cases, brackets and revolving frames, copied from the best authorities. A handsome souvenir book has been printed containing the charter of the Society, the opening prayer and addresses, the sketches of the record of each State in the war, with illustrations of the building and relics. A catalogue was is- sued in 189S, the articles then nuiubering over four thousand. Since that time numerous valualde relics have been added anvi valuable historic papers received. South Carolina has purchased one hundred copies of this catalogue for distribution in the State. The shaft of the "Virginia" (the old Merrimac), raised from the spot where she was sunk by her own crew with her colors flying, has been presented to the Museum, and the occasion was marked by appropriate ceremonies. One of the latest and most valuable acquisitions is "the Chapman pictures," the purchase of which was made po.ssible by contributions from dilferent States, all except two responding to an appeal for the purpose. This collection consists of thirty-one oil paintings made by ^Fr. Conrad Wise Chapman, stationed in Charleston. South Carolina, during its siege. The incidents of that siege he has chosen for his theme in these paintings. These pictures are valuable not only for the interest which attaches to that marvellous defence, but as a living witness to the truth of history. Two of the number show the first torpedo boats successfully used in naval warfare, constructed and manned by Confederates, and another represents calcium lights also used for the first time in war. A drawing of these boats has been granted by the Society for the forth-coming volume of the Xaval Records by the United States CTOvernment. Important data in the United States War Records were obtained here as well as from the Southern Historical Society. A valuable libi-ary is likewise being collected of all data per- taining to the war, and to the period both before and after that tremendous struggle. In this library are fifty-five volumes already complete with the register of the names and records of 8.(>(M» Confederate soldiers. For this puri)(»se blank fumis called — 310 — *'Rolls of Honor," to be filled with name and attested record of any soldier, are sent out by a "Memorial Committee" whose duty it is to secure as many of these forms filled as pos- sible. These are bound and placed in the Museum, where they are open for inspection. There is a con- tinuing demand for these blanks, and it is the earnest de- sire of the Society that the name of every Confederate soldier shall be obtained by the efforts of camps, families and friends, that they may through all time stand upon this "Battle Abbey Eoll" of the Confederate States. A large number of rosters of the Missouri troops have been presented to the Missouri Eoom, by the Daughters of the Confederacy of that State, and many others of different States have been placed in the Museum. Lee Camp, Soldiers' Home of Kichmond, Va., has already placed some of its relies here, while its entire collection is pledged hereafter. The Soldiers' Home at Higginsville, Missouri, has deeded its treasures finally to this Society, and we have other promises to like effect. The well known "Mary De Eenne Collection," presented to the Georgia Eoom, by Dr. Everard De Eenne in memory of his mother, is one of the most valuable Confederate records in existence. The Georgia Eoom also holds the "Gilmer Memor- ials" in memory of Gen. J. F. Gilmer, Chief of the Engineer Bureau of the Confederacy. These were presented by his daughter, Mrs. J. Florence Minus, of Savannah, Ga. In this Memorial are a number of the original maps of Gettysburg and the Virginia campaigns. When being framed in New York, these maps were seen and an offer of $5,000 was made for them, Texas has adopted a plan differing from other States, sending furniture carved and inlaid with Confederate flags and brass plates, as memorials of her heroes, and of the battles in which they became immortal. Two memorial windows will soon be put in place in this room, one will be to Hood's Division. In this brief sketch it is impossible to give any adequate idea of the work done, or of the relics stored in each room. In some of these rooms it seems that every available space is filled with memorials of all kinds; in others the collection is not so large, while others still are sadly deficient. The grounds, building and furnishing represent over $60,000, while the contents are beyond any valuation. The current expenses are covered by the door fees, sale of souvenirs, books and annual membership fees, while for other necessary expenditures, entertainments and — 311 — various efforts are required. Life membership fees go toward an Endowment Fund. The Daughters of the Confederacy when in convention at Riclimond, passed a resolution that eacli State President shouhl recommend some appropriation from each Chapter towards the expenses of the Museum and her own room. Six Chapters in Georgia have responded, tlie Augusta Chapter pledging ten dollars annually, also three chapters in South Carolina and a few others. South Carolina, by the solicitation of her regent, has ordered through her Legislature an appropriation of $100 for this work. There are continued calls on the treasury for repairs and improvements on the house and grounds, painting, and new fixtures to accommodate the increasing gifts. The wonder- ful collection now in the Museum (with the exception of the Chapman pictures) has been a free will offering. It has been with grief that many valuable relics offered for sale have had to be declined. The interest and number nf visitors have continued undi- minished and it is with pleasure that we find our work is generally appreciated. An Englishman who had visited many Museums said to our House-Ecgeut, that the Confederate Mu- sotfm in the liome of Jefferson Davis, President of the Confed- erate States, at Richmond, is not surpassed by any in interest nor in its classifications and arrangements. The aim of tliis first report of the Confederate Memorial Literary Society has been to give an outline of the work under- taken and accomplished so far by this Society. In the brief space allotted us, necessarily much of interest has had to be omitted. It would be difficult under any circumstance to give a true conception of the relics gathered into this treasure-house of our l)eloved Cause. Without the actual presence one can not realize the thrill of awakened love and agony as we gaze upon the spotless uniform of the Chieftain and the matchless Chris- tian soldier, donned for the first and last time amid his ragged, starving soldiers, when he passed before them to lay down more than life at Ai)i)omattox, the garments stained with the life- blood of " Stonewall " Jackson, the once flowing plumes now worn and rusty of that gallant knight, J. E. B. Stuart, the gauntlets of the wise and far-seeing Johnston, the saddle of the daring, dauntless Morgan, the field-glasses of the marvelous Forrest, " the Niagara of the West," and those used by that L'liivis uf war, P.eauvegard. "What more shall I say, for the — 312 — time will fail me, if I tell *' of those beloved by us, as by their own States, of Hood, Gordon, Hampton, A. P. Hill, Breathed, Pelham, Loring, Cleburne, Price, " who through faith subdue kingdoms, from weakness were made strong, waxed mighty in war, turning to flight armies of the aliens ;" and of him who bore the sorrows of them all! In a little room of his once happy home, where he had so often held conference with Lee and Jack- son, planning, in hope, victory and triumph of right, there now greets our eyes the simple suit of gray, worn by Jefferson Davis, when captured. Was he a traitor? Then were all these others! Indicted as a traitor, manacled as a felon, charged with crimes, suffering the penalty of the law, while all others went free. Verily shall the Southern people have turned traitor to all they once held dear, and to their own lofty ideals when they fail to honor the man they themselves placed in the fore-front of danger ! The officers of the Confederate Memorial and Literary Society are : President, Mrs. Joseph Brvan ; Honorary Vice-President, Mrs. E. D. Hotchkiss ; First Vice-President, Mrs. Alfred Gray ; Sec- ond Vice-President, Mrs. E. C. Minor; Third Vice-President, Mrs. Annie E. Grant ; Treasurer, Mrs. H. T. Ellyson ; Eecording Secretary, Mrs. J. E. Eobinson; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Lizzie Cary Daniel. Advisory Board. — Mr. Joseph Bryan, Chairman; Judge E. C. Minor, Colonel W. G. McCabe, J. Taylor Ellyson, E. V. Valen- tine, Judge George L. Christian, Colonel W. E. Cutshaw, Colonel John B. Purcell, E. D. Hotchkiss, E. S. Bosher; Dr. J. P. Smith, Chaplain. Eegents and Vice-Eegents. Maryland— Eegent, Mrs. William Eeed; Vice-Eegent Mrs. C. O'B. Cowardin. Virginia— Eegent, Miss Mildred Lee; Vice-Eegent, Mrs. J. Taylor Ellyson. North Carolina — Eegent, Mrs. Armistead Jones ; Vice-Eegent, Mrs. John W. Gordon. South Carolina— Eegent, Miss Mary Singleton Hampton; Vice-Eegent, Mrs. H. A. Claiborne. Georgia— Eegent, Mrs. Eobert Emory Pails; Vice-Eegent, Miss K. C. Stiles. Florida — Eegent, Mrs. Francis P. Fleming; Vice-Eegent, Mrs. E. A. Patterson. Alabama — Eegent, Miss Mary Clayton; Vice-Eegent, Mrs J. H. Drake. — 313 — Mississippi — Regent, Mrs. J. M. Duncan, Jr.; Vice-Regent, Mrs. J. P. Mcintosh. Louisiana — Reiicnt, Mrs. Jolm Young Gilniore; Vice-Regent, Mrs. L. R. Dash i ell. Texas — Regent, Mrs. A. V. Winkler; Vice-Regent, Mrs. Caz- neau ^IcLeod. Arkansas — Regent, Mrs. James Sparks; Vice-Regent, Mrs. Decatur Axtell. Tennessee — Regent, Mrs. Kellar Anderson ; Vice Regent, Mrs. X. V. Randolph. Kentucky — Regent, Mrs. Basil Duke; Vice-Regent, Miss M. P. Harris. " ^lissoiiri — Regent, Mrs. L. B. Valliant; Vice-Regent, Mrs. G. P. Stacy. .• .j Solid South — Regent, Miss Nannie Randolph Heth; Vice- Regent, Miss Minnie Baughman. Lizzie Cart Daniel, Corresponding Secretary. LADIES' CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION, WINCHESTER, VIRGINIA. On the 18th day of April, ISGl, the day after the Virginia Convention passed the ordinance of secession, six or eight com- panies of Virginia volunteers arrived in Winchester, where they were joined by three companies from the town. That night they went by rail to Hallto'wn. and found on their arrival at that place the greater portion of the 2nd Virginia Regiment, which had been called out by the Colonel commanding before he received orders from the Governor. Halltown is four miles from Harper's Ferry, and the object of the expedition was to capture the latter place where were located an arsenal and an armory of the Fnited States. There was a company of TJ. S. regulars at Harper's Ferry, but on the approach of the Virginia troops they set fire to the public buildings and evacuated the place. The armory was saved, and its machinery removed South and used during the war in the manufacture of arms. The Virginia soldiers were not equipped for war, and at first had neither a commissary nor quartermasters department. The ladies of Winchester at once organized a relief corps and went to work, making suitable and necessary clothing for the soldiers in the field. At the head of this organiaztion was !^^rs. Philip — 31 J — OFFICERS OF MEMORIAL ASSOCIATIONS. 2. Mrs Mrs. Marv Ann Forman, Quincy, Florida. Mrs. Mary E. Moore, Portsmouth, Virginia Mrs. Jennie Edwards, St. Louis, Missouri. Annie R. Munnerlyn, Waynesboro, Georgia. 4. Mrs. R H. M. Davidson, Quincy, Florida. 6. Mrs. Rosa Moore McMaster, Waynesboro, G-orgia. Williams, a lady of great energy and executive ability. She soon gathered around her an army of earnest workers, who, from that time until the close of the war, devoted themselves to feeding, clothing, and nursing Confederate soldiers, and to their kind care many a Confederate soldier owes his life. There were half a dozen battles fought in and near the town, and skirmishes almost innumerable. The place changed hands eighty-seven (87) times during the war, and almost every field along the turnpike leading from the northern to the southern line of Frederick County (of which Winchester is the County seat) was a battle field. For the four years of the war there were Confederate hospitals in the town, and the nurses, with the exception of detailed men, were all volunteers from the ladies of the place, who worked night and day without pay or reward in relieving the sufferings of the sick and wounded in hospitals and private homes. Within a few weeks after the surrender at Appomattox and certainly not later than the month of May, 1865, for it was while the farmers were hrealcing up their land for corn planting, Mrs. Williams called at the residence of the Eev. Dr. A. H. H. Boyd — who was then suffering from disease contracted in a Federal prison and from which he died a few months later. Mrs, Boyd was a sister-in-law of Mrs. Williams, and had been one of her most active co-workers during the war. As soon as Mrs. Williams entered the room, she said that a farmer had told her the day before that in preparing his land for corn, he had plowed up the remains of two Confederate soldiers, and that a neighbor had had a similar experience ; that she had been kept awake nearly all night trying to devise some plan by which the further desecration of the graves could be prevented. After discussing the matter for some time, these tu^o ladies determined to call together at an early day those who had worked so faithfully during the war, and organize a Memorial Associa- tion, the object of which should be to gather together in one grave yard all the Confederate Dead within a radius of twelve or fifteen miles, and get the people to assemble every year and place flowers and evergreens upon the graves. During the discussion of the plan, Dr. Boyd, who was in his sick bed, and it might be said on his death bead — every now and then made a suggestion, and when the plan was determined upon and Mrs. — 315 — Williams was about to leave the room, he asked to be propped up, and then said : *' Let us ask God's blessing upon your work." These two ladies knelt at the bed-side of the sick minister, who prayed that means might be provided to make the undertaking a success, and that God would put it into the hearts of the people for generations to come to meet together every year and iionor the memories of these brave and noble dead. The prayer has been answered ! The writer cannot say on what day the ^leinorial Association was organized, but remembers distinctly its members met fre- quently at the residence of Dr. Boyd during the summer of 1805 — they met there to accommodate Mrs. Boyd, who could seldom leave her husband on account of his illness. Long before the summer was over the Association was actively at work with the following officers, viz: President, Mrs. Philip Williams; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. A. H. H. Boyd, Miss Mary Kurtz, Miss Tillie Hussell; Secretary, Miss Lucy Williams. Mrs. Williams also acted as Treasurer. The soldiers who died in the hospitals and private houses had been buried principally in an abandoned church graveyard in the town, while those who were killed in battle had been generally buried on the field. The undertaking was a large one. The Southern people were impoverished, and the Shenandoah Valley had been laid waste. But these noble women of the Winchester Memorial Association determined to overcome all difficulties, and what they lacked in money they made up in pluck and devo- tion. Some time during the summer or early fall of 1SG5, the citizens of Winchester held a meeting and appointed a committee to co-operate with the Ladies' Memorial Association, and in an address appealing to the people of the South for pecuniary aid, the committee stated that they had been appointed by a ]nihlio meeting of citizens "held in furtherance of the design originated by Mrs. Philip Williams and Mrs. A. H: IL Boyd." The Ladies' Association and the Committee worked in perfect harmony, and soon accumulated sufficient funds to justify a beginning. The people from most of the Southern States responded liberally, and with the opening of Spring in 1866, the land had been purchased and paid for, and the work of re-in- terment begun. The remains of each soldier were placed in a separate coffin and in a separate grave, and many were brought from ten to fifteen miles. There were 3,4iU in all, and on the — 316 — 25th of October, 1866, eighteen months after the close of the war, the work of removal had been completed, and "Stonewall Cemetery" was formally dedicated. The remains of General Turner Ashby were brought from the University of Virginia, and placed in " Stonewall " on the day of the dedication. The exercises and ceremonies were solemn and impressive and there were thousands of people present. Ex- Governor Henry A. Wise delivered the address in which he said : "A Lost Cause ! // Lost it was false; if true it is not lost." But the work was not yet finished. It is true that the dead had been removed to a safe resting place, and there v/as no longer any danger of the graves being desecrated. Stonewall Cemetery is situated in the eastern part of the city, and adjoins Mount Hebron, the Citizens' Cemetery. They are enclosed to- gether with a handsome iron fence, a mile or more in length, the gift of Charles Broadway Eouss, who, with his father, mother, wife, son and daughter sleep in the magnificent mauso- leum which he erected in Mount Hebron before his death. For a valuable consideration already paid, the Mount Hebron Com- pany is bound to take care of Stonewall Cemetery for all time to come, thus insuring that the latter will not be neglected. Stonewall Cemetery is divided into lots, walks and driveways — a lot for the dead of each State, and a center mound in which are buried eight hundred and fifteen (815) "Unknown and Unrecorded Dead." The graves of the known were all marked with head-boards, containing the name, rank, company and regiment, and the plan contemplated that before these head- boards would decay the i>eople of each State would replace them with marble or granite headstones. With the exception of two States this has been done, and arrangements are now being- made by patriotic women in these two States to place head- stones in their . respective lots. A majority of the States have also erected handsome monimients. But while it was believed that each State would mark the graves of its known dead, there was no State to provide for the unknown. The Memorial Asso- ciation undertook this work and in 1879 erected a magnificent monument of marble nearly fifty feet in height, and at a cost of ten thousand ($10,000) dollars, on which are carved the words: " Who they were, none know, What they were, all know." They also erected a handsome monument in the Virginia lot and — 317 — one to the Ashby Brothers, and placed marble headstones at each grave in that lot. The Gth of June, the anniversary of the death of General Turner Ashby, is our Memorial Day. It was observed in 1866, and without intermission has been observed every year since. The people come by tiiousands from this and the adjoining counties of Virginia, and West Virginia, and it is a day as well known in our calendar as the 22d day of February or the 4th of July. The Ladies' Memorial Association has charge of the ceremonies on the Gth of June, and have had since 1806. They are materi- ally assisted by the Daughters of the Confederacy and the Turner Ashby Camp, but all invitations are sent out and all arrangements made in the name of the Association. It has now very few members on its roll. The Daughters have taken their places and the surviving members of the Association are enrolled among the Daughters, and in some instances the same person holds office in both organizations. The present officers of the Association are : Vice-Presidents, Miss Mary Kurtz and Miss Lucy Russell. Miss Russell is also the Treasurer and Acting Secretary. No one has been formally elected President since the death of Mrs. Bovce. — 31S iyj4