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 AUG 27 1912 
 
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 ALEXANDRIA'S CHURCHES — Our illustration of some of the Cluirclics of Alexandria proves that our people believe in keeping up good 
 churches. In addition to Christ Episcopal Church, to which \vc give extra sp.icc on account of its historic connection, our illustration shows, be- 
 inninj; at the top, right to left on illustration: The Hebrew SynagoKUc. McthodCsl Episcopal, Sl Mary's Catholic. Fir;.t Baptist, then The Old Pres- 
 1 tcrian Church, which Washington assisted in ouiHmg. and attended at timei^.; .Methodist Protestant Church. Second Presbyterian. In addition tt 
 ihi:>c there are St. Paul's P. E. and Grace Protestant Episcopal. The Lutheran, Ciiurch and Free Methodist, with quite \ number of Colored Churches. 
 • i-v ^ 'ria .nrtf j>ni.' has thft Churches bttt her oeople attend and suppo t tli'em. 
 
T <0 T H 
 
 F=R e: A D 
 
 FR 
 
 IN PRESENTING this book to the greneral public, the author desires to 
 say that, haviny the endorsement of the Mayor. City Council, and Cham- 
 ber of Commerce of the grand old city of Alexandria, although the book 
 is necessarily compiled hurriedly, not to say crudely, he hopes that the 
 historical section of the book will prove gratifying: and satisfactory; and 
 he believes that the industrial section will astonish not only the outside 
 world but our own people. 
 
 In his Sesqui-Centennial sketch of Alexandria, published in 1899. the writer 
 made use of the following language : 
 
 ** This book is written as a reminder of what a united community can accom- 
 plish, in the hope that, by keeping alive the remembrance of the memorial October 
 12, 1899, the day may prove but the forecast of coming events which will build up 
 our community and add to the prosperity and happiness of a people whose works 
 prove them worthy of both.'' 
 
 " Alexandria has in store a bright future if her people will but seize the tide 
 in its flood and present to the world their faith in this city by working to build 
 up the manufacturing and commercial interests to which its location and natural 
 advantages justily entitle it." 
 
 In view of the great stride made by our city since the Sesqui-Centennial the 
 truth of the above extract is abundantly proved. It seems to the writer that 
 
 Alexandria is only beginning to take its proper position and that its future will 
 be marked by progress in every stage. The photographs used herein are princi- 
 pally made by Mr. A. L. Jameson and Prank A. 'Wedderburn, of Alexandria. 
 The photolithographs are the work of Maurice Joyce Engraving Company, and 
 the printing by theSudwarth Printing Company, 510 Twelfth Street, Washing- 
 ton. D. C, to whom the writer desires to extend his thanks for careful and excel- 
 lent work. 
 
 To the Mayor and City Council, The Chamber of Commerce, and those enter- 
 prising citizens of Alexandria, who. by their liberal support, have made it possi- 
 ble for this book to be issued, I desire to extend my thanks and assure them of my 
 appreciation- To Mr. Preston, Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, I desire 
 to express special thanks for valuable assistance in the preparation of Com- 
 mercial Statistics fnrnished by him. 
 
 Turning from the past and the present to the future, I respectfully dedicate 
 this book to "A Greater Ale.xandria," a city worthy in every respect of its past 
 history and the immortal man with whom that history is so closely linked. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 Alex J. Wedderburn. 
 
 ■_ wivir-.C YARDS." Alexandria. Va. Largest Classification Yards in the United States. Property ^1 vi.c Washington. 
 Southern and Allied Railroads. Costing, when complete, over $2,000,000. Contains 45 miles of Tracks and 2 miles of river 
 frontage. Employs 800 men. Monthly Pay Roll, $60,000. Capacity of Yard, 35,000 cars. Number of Cars handled month- 
 ly* 65,000. Capacity Icing Station, for Perishable freight, 50 cars ope timCj but can be duplicated at least 6 times daily. 
 
City Hall, Market, and Masonic Temple (Washington Lodge); Historic Braddock House in distance. Left- 
 Original Market House, destroyed by fire 1871, and rebuilt 1873. Right— Rear view of Market space and 
 sheds, showing Old M- second story. 
 
Belle Haven, 
 
 "tjom ^ 
 
 CAPT. JOHN SMITH, in 1608, ascended the 
 Potomac seeking adventure and fortune and 
 passed Alexandria's present location, to be 
 stopped by tlie falls of the Potomac. The site 
 I of Alexand'-ia was then part of the Doag Indians' 
 hunting grounds. 
 
 On October 21st, 1669, Capt. Robert Howsen, for 
 bringing 120 Colonists to Virginia, was granted a 
 Crown patent by Governor Berkeley, for 6,600 
 acres of land, extending along the Potomac east 
 from Indian Cabin Creek (Hunting Creek) to a point opposite 
 My Lord's Island, now Analostan, lying between Washington 
 and Rosslyn. This grant comprised a large part of the present 
 
 county of Alexandria. At that 
 time it was *Prince William 
 county and later Fairfax, 
 from whicli county Alexan- 
 dria was taken as the two 
 and a half square miles ceded 
 by Virginia to the General 
 Government for the District 
 of Columbia and retrocedeJ 
 by the Government in 1747. ^ 
 Captain Howsen soil! tliis 
 land to John Alexander for 
 6,600 pounds of tobacco and 
 some money, who, in 1677 
 sent some settlers to occupy it. 
 In 1696 Simon Pierson, 
 who was connected by mar- 
 riage with tlie Alexanders, 
 located on Pierson's Island 
 (now Daingerlleld's), north- 
 west of the present city, the 
 first known permanent set- 
 tlement nortli of Hunting 
 Creek. 
 
 A settlement was made on 
 Jones Point not long after 
 this date, but the name of 
 
 the persons so locating is not known. 
 
 In 1730 a public tobaccu warehouse 
 was established by tlie colonial 
 authorities on Simon Pierson's land 
 about where the gas works now 
 stand. Around this warehouse some 
 settlements were made and thus 
 arose the hamlet of Belhaven, which 
 had one street — Oronoco — named af- 
 ter the tobacco brought there. 
 
 Tradition says that the village took 
 its name from a neighboring tobacco 
 planter. It is far more likely that the 
 name was given to the town because 
 of its "fair haven." The cove lying 
 between the two points that extended 
 into the river from Oronoco and 
 Duke streets (since tilled in and built 
 on) must have made a beautiful har- 
 bor for the small ships of that early 
 period and hence I am inclined to be- 
 lieve tliat tlie term "Belle Haven" 
 arose from this, rather than from the 
 name of any individual. 
 
 In 1739 a school was established. 
 Tluis early did the people of this lo- 
 cality show their appreciation of edu- 
 cation and the town ever since has 
 been one of the foremost in educa- 
 tional work. 
 
 This is about all the facts that can be gathered regarding 
 town of Belhaven up to 1748, when, by act of the Colonial 
 sembly, the formation of Alexandria was authorized. 
 
 the 
 As- 
 
 Ramsay house, corner Kintr and Fairfax. 
 oldest house in Alexandria. 
 
 THE HOWSEN PATENT. 
 
 The following was prepared from the records and kindly 
 furnished me by Mrs. Mary Francis Swann Williams, a great- 
 great-granddaughter of John Alexander, the gentleman who do- 
 nated City Hall square and Christ Church lot. 
 
 *Fairfax was cut off from Prince WiUiani 1742. 
 
Friendship i<ire Company photographed in front of Christ Church as they were leaving the city for New York to 
 participate in the Centennial of Washington's first inaugural. 
 
v\ 
 
 John Alexander, the first in this country, settled in the north- 
 ern neck of Virginia (Stal¥ord county) about the year 1640. 
 He acquired an immense tract of land in Stafford, some of wliich 
 is still in the possession of liis direct lieirs, having descended 
 from generation to generation for two hundred and sixty years. 
 He resided in StaiTord. The head of the family at the close of 
 the Revolution was designated "Alexander 
 of Boyd's Hole and all Chotank." In 1669 
 John Alexander, son of the emigrant John, 
 bought the Howsen patent from Robert 
 Howsen. This patent was granted to the 
 patentee Howsen by Governor Sir William 
 Berkeley in 1669. It embraced all the land 
 from Hunting creek on the south to the 
 Potomac on the north, containing some 
 6,600 acres. 
 
 John Alexander died in 1691, leaving in 
 his will the Howsen patent to his two sons, 
 Robert and Philip. The younger son, 
 Philip, made over his share of the patent to 
 his brother in exchange for lands else- 
 where. Thus the Howsen patent was vest- 
 ed solely in Robert, who died in 1704 leav- 
 ing two sons, Robert and Charles. The 
 latter died without issue. 
 
 Robert died in 1735, leaving, by will, the 
 Howsen patent "divided equally" between 
 liis two sons, John and Gerard. 
 
 The share of Gerard extended from the 
 Potomac river to Four-Mile Run, includ- 
 ing Arlington, which he sold to John Park 
 Custis in 1245- He lived at Abingdon in the 
 county, and died in 1758. John, the elder 
 brother, died, leaving his half of the Howsen 
 patent to his eldest son, Charles, who after- 
 ward resided upon it at Preston (on the Po- 
 tomac, near Alexandria), still in possession 
 of his great grand-children, the Swann 
 family. The court records and plat attached 
 thereto show the share of Charles to have ex- 
 tended from Four-Mile Run to Huntingcreek. 
 
 These records are particularly clear and well proven, because 
 filed in a suit. (See "Wasliington's Reports of Virginia," case 
 of "Birch versus Alexander.") 
 
 Carlysle House, rear view 
 
 Lord Fairfax granted to a man named Robinson (whose Alexander in 1669. 
 
 daughter married Birch) a patent, conveying a large portion of 
 the Howsen patent, especially that portion including Alexandria. 
 Suit was brought to wrest these lands from tlie Alexanders, un- 
 der various pretexts, the strongest plea being the grant from the 
 crown, to Lord Fairfax, of the northern neck of Virginia, 
 
 The Alexanders defended this suit for years. It was carried 
 to the Court of Appeals and finally settled 
 in 1790. The court decided that sixty years 
 possession before Lord Fairfax obtained 
 his grant would in itself give them owner- 
 ship. Thus, after a long and warm contest, 
 the Alexanders maintained their right to 
 the Howsen patent, which, by the time the 
 case was closed judicially, they had held 
 in continuous line of inheritance for I2t 
 years. The receipt given by one of the 
 lawyers in the final settlement of the case 
 is a curious bit of financial literature. It 
 is as follows: 
 
 "Rec'd of Charles Alexander two Guin- 
 eas weighing two pounds, sixteen shillings 
 & Ten pence, 13 round dollars, one French 
 crown & a piece of Gold weighing four 
 pounds, ten shillings & four pence, in part 
 of twenty-four pounds, as my fee for plead- 
 ing his special verdicts v. Bryan Keedy, 
 Birch & others. Rec'd on and prior to 
 October 19, 1790." 
 
 The deed for the church lot was execu- 
 ted October 10, 1774. It states tliat "John 
 Alexander, gent, of Stafford, has sold to 
 Cliarles' Broadwater & Henry Gunnel 
 church wardens of the parish of Fairfax, a 
 lot of ground in the town of Alexandria, 
 whereon the new church stands, built by 
 James Parsons, containing one acre, (and 
 some rods), for the sum of one penny." 
 
 The deed gives the metes and bounds of 
 the lot. 
 
 Many of the original lots in Alexandria 
 
 are still held by the Alexander descendants, 
 
 the Washingtons, Swanns, and sons of the late Major Hampton 
 
 C. Williams, having reverted to them by inheritance, without 
 
 changing hands since Robert Howsen sold his patent to John 
 
The Braddock House, site of "Colonial" and Continental Banks, and enclosing Carlysle House. 
 
Alexandria Chronologically, 
 
 J 
 
 '^m 
 
 N 1748 the General Assembly of the Colony of 
 
 I Virginia, by act, constituted and appointed 
 
 Thomas, Lord Fairfax, William Fairfax, George 
 Fairfax, Ricliard Osborne, Lawrence Washing- 
 ton, William Ramsey, John Carlysle, John 
 Pagan, Gerard Alexander, Hugh West and Philip 
 Alexander, directors and trustees for designing, 
 building, carrying on, and maintaining the town 
 of Alexandria "to expand or supercede Belhaven." 
 The loyalty of the citizens was shown by the 
 name of the streets — Fairfax and Cameron, 
 named after Lord Fairfax, Baron of Cameron; Royal, King. 
 Prince, Duke, Queen, Princess and Oronoco — being the entire 
 extent of the original streets. Water street (now Lee) then 
 fronted the river, but the city has not only since tlien encroached 
 upon the surrounding country, but upon the Potomac itself, and 
 we have two additional streets — Union and the Strand — re- 
 claimed from the river. 
 
 1749. June 13, the first sale of town lots made in Alexandria. 
 Tlie town had been surveyed the previous' year and General 
 Washington, then a youth of seventeen, participated in the sur- 
 vey. The town organized with John West as clerk. It Iiad nine 
 streets, two public landings, one at the present fish-town wharf 
 (see illustration), and tlie otiier at the foot of Duke street, where 
 the Bryant Fertilizing Works are now located (see illustration). 
 
 1745- John Carlysle built the famous Carlysle house, (see de- 
 scription later on). 
 
 1752. Fairs and markets were established, but trade was im- 
 peded by fear of Indians, now driven into the forest, some fifty 
 miles away. 
 
 In I7S4 Alexandria was chosen as the county scat of Fairfax 
 county. 
 
 In the same year, while Washington was in command of the 
 Virginia rangers, in Alexandria, awaiting the arrival of General 
 Braddock, an excited election contest occurred between Mr. 
 Fairfax and Mr. Payne, for the House of Burgesses. Washing- 
 ton supported the former and high words passed between him 
 and Mr. Payne, in Market House Space, where the polls were 
 held, which resulted in Payne striking Washington and knock- 
 
 ing him down. Washington's troops would have made short 
 work of Payne, but Wasliington interfered. The next morning 
 Washington sent for Payne, and it was presumed that there 
 would be a duel, but instead of pistols, glasses and decanter 
 were in evidence and Washington said to Payne: "Mr. Payne, to 
 err is human. I was wrong yesterday, but if you have had 
 sufficient satisfaction, let us be friends." From that day Wash- 
 ington was Payne's ideal. 
 
 Cameron Lakes. Alexandria water supply, 
 
 1755- April 3, Braddock's army arrived on an English fleet. 
 
 General Braddock, while in Alexandria, held a conference with 
 Governors Dinwiddie, Sharpe, Delaney and Morris, in the Car- 
 lysle House, views of which are given herein, and here it was 
 that they discussed the scheme for colonial taxation, which 
 brouglit on the Revolution some years later. It will tluis be seen 
 that Washington, who advised Braddock against the manage- 
 ment of his ill-fated trip and saved the remnant of the army 
 from destruction, also led the Revolutionary soldiers to victory 
 against tlie unjust laws created by the advice of this same Gen- 
 eral Braddock. 
 
Present hand- 
 some edifice 
 stands on site of 
 house built 1817. 
 
 Washington School (.Male), Col. Theodore Ficklin, Principal. 
 
1763. Four streets were added — South, Wolfe, and Wilkes; 
 West, Pitt and St. Asaph, the latter was named for Mr. Hali- 
 fax, Dean of St. Asaph, who had prominently served the town. 
 
 At a town sale Wasliington purchased two corner lots on Pitt 
 street, one on the northeast corner of Prince and the other on 
 the southwest corner of Cameron street, paying for the first 
 £38. From this property, in 1790, he received $300 annual 
 ground rent. Here it was that up to within the last decade 
 stood a formidable-looking, old-fashioned house, with a sign 
 running across the pavement to the curb, which attracted gen- 
 eral attention from the following alliterative sentence, "Philip 
 Park Practical Plumber corner Pitt and Prince." On the Cam- 
 eron street site, for which he paid £10 ids., Washington built his 
 town office, which stood intact until just before the war, when 
 it was pulled down to erect the present structures. It would be 
 a good plan for the Sons and Daughters of the American Revo- 
 lution to purchase this property and restore the semblance of 
 the old building. 
 
 In this year Alexandrians met to consider the stamp tax on 
 tea, and resolved "if Boston is forced to submit, we will not." 
 Washington presided over the meeting. 
 
 1766. December 10 Washington was chosen trustee to succeed 
 George Johnston, deceased. 
 
 1767. A lottery having been started to build a church and 
 market house, Mr. Ramsay reports £11 12s. as the result. 
 
 1767-73. Christ Church (two exterior and one interior views 
 are given herein) was built. Washington was one of the 
 vestrymen and worshiped therein. 
 
 1774. The Presbyterians built the First Presbyterian Church 
 on South Fairfax, near Wolfe. General Washington contribut- 
 ed to the erection of this edifice and occasionally attended the 
 services. 
 
 1774. August 13 the Friendship Fire Company was organized. 
 Washington was a member of this company, and in 1775 pur- 
 chased, in Philadelphia, for £80 ids., and sent to the company the 
 most approved fire apparatus to be had. 
 
 (In 1799, the last year of his life, Washington was in Alex- 
 andria during a fire, and, seeing the Friendship engine badly 
 manned and a number of gentlemen standing idly by, jumped 
 from his_ horse and said: "Why are you idle, gentlemen? It is 
 your business to lead in these matters." and took hold of the en- 
 
 gine himself, being followed by all who could catch hold. This 
 old company was organized "for mutual friendship," and agreed 
 to carry to every fire "two leathern buckets and one great bag 
 of oznaburg or wider linen." The buckets, of course, were for 
 water, and the bags were to contain small articles of personal 
 property. The old company is still alive and its old engine is 
 one of the most interesting curiosities of the city. The engine 
 house is situated on Alfred street, between King and Prince. 
 We give an illustration of the company, taken from a photo- 
 graph made on the Cameron street front of Clirist Church, in 
 i88q, just before it went to New York to attend the centennial 
 of Washington's first inauguration.) 
 
 1775. Volunteer Company formed, Washington elected Hon- 
 orary Captain. Several companies of .Alexandrians fought in 
 the Revolution. 
 
 (.lolf Club, Suter*s Hill, lirst site selected for National Capitol. 
 
 1775. The Sun Fire Company was organized. Unfortunately 
 this organization has disposed of its old apparatus, but as Lite 
 as the early seventies it was in service and did good work. 
 
 1779. The town was incorporated by the General Assembly. 
 
 1780. Robert T. Hooe was elected first Mayor. 
 
_^-^ 
 
 
 Appomatox — Elder's "Confederate Soldier," Washington and Prince Streets, and Committee at unveiling, 1889. 
 
ALEXANDRIA THE CRADLE OF THE FEDERAL CON- 
 STITUTION. 
 
 1785. In March of tliis year delegates from. Maryland and 
 Virginia met in Alexandria to make a compact relative to the 
 navigation of the Potomac and the import duties charged by 
 the two States. This meeting led to demands from Pennsyl- 
 vania and Delaware which resulted in an adjournment until 
 September to Annapolis, Md., when there were present dele- 
 gates from five States, who, after diligent conference, adjourned 
 to meet representatives of all the thirteen States in Philadel- 
 phia, which body framed the Constitution of the United States. 
 It can therefore be said that the American Union owes its birth 
 to Alexandria. 
 
 In 1785, on the 17th of September, the foundation of the Lan- 
 castrian school was established. The corner-stone being laid 
 by Lodge No. 385, of York Masons (illustrated). 
 
 1789. December 3, the cession by Virginia to the District 
 was made, but Congress did not take control until 1801. 
 
 1791. April 15 the S. E. corner-stone of the District of Co- 
 •iumbia was laid at Jones's Point, with Masonic honors, by Alex- 
 andria Lodge, No. 22. 
 
 1793- The first pavement was laid on King street, extending 
 from Fairfax to Pitt streets. The money was raised by the sale 
 of lottery tickets and by private subscriptions. Lotteries were 
 not then in disrepute. 
 
 1798. The 22nd of February was first celebrated by a birth- 
 night ball at Gadsby's tavern (now City Hotel). Washington 
 was present. 
 
 1799. December 14 Washington died and his funeral was at- 
 tended by the Mayor and City Council of Alexandria and nearly 
 all the population, many of whom walked the seven miles to 
 Mount Vernon to show their respect for their greatest citizen. 
 
 After the Revolution a new academy building was erected near 
 the corner of Washington and Wolfe streets. To this school 
 Washington gave during his life £50 per annum for a free de- 
 partment "for the sons of widows," and in his will bequeathed 
 $4,000, as the following extract from his will shows: 
 
 "To the Trustees of the Academy in the town of Alexandria 
 I give in trust $4,000, or, in other words, twenty of the shares 
 which I hold in the Bank of Alexandria, towards the support of 
 a free school." 
 
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 . C. Smoot's where Lafa\ 
 feted. 
 
 tower 
 rebuilt 
 
 and town clock was erected 
 in 1873. 
 
 1800. General Daniel Ro- 
 
 bcdeaux came to .Mexandria 
 and built and resided in the 
 house on Lee street owned 
 by the late John T. Hill. 
 
 1801. February 27 Con 
 gress took control of the city 
 under the act creating the 
 District of Columljia. 
 
 -1803. The city was visited 
 by a yellow fever scourge, 
 and lost 200 of its citizens. 
 
 1807. The embargo d i d 
 damage to the city's trade. 
 
 1814. On August 28th, the 
 British captured and plund- 
 ered the city. 
 
 1816. In September the 
 celebrated "Female Strang- 
 er," arrived in Alexandria, 
 and died on the 4th of Octo- 
 ber following, at the City 
 Hotel. (See sketch and il- 
 lustration.) 
 
 1817. A handsome market 
 building, surmounted by a 
 I)e,stro3eil by fire in 1871, and 
 
 18.^4. Lafayette visited the city and was royally received and 
 entertained by the Masonic fraternity and the citizens generally. We 
 present an illustration of the fine residence now owned by Mrs. C. 
 C. Suioot, corner Duke and St. Asaph, where he was entertained at 
 a magnificent ball. 
 
 1824. "A country can be free if she WILLS it," was the motto 
 at reception parade to Lafayette. Since that date Alexandria 
 has accomplished everytliing that SHE WILLED. 
 
 Our age seems to be one of souvenirs, some people assert 
 that the country has run souvenir mad, but to prove that we 
 are way in the rear at this date it is only necessary to reproduce 
 the following poetical extract from a letter of Benj. Hallowel!, 
 written to his uncle Comley, in Philadelphia, the day of his 
 marriage, while resting between Alexandria and Sandy Springs: 
 
DERATE v'ETE RAN S.. 
 
 Lee Camp Hall and Veterans starting on Confederate Memorial Uay, 1906. 
 
"Each lover of liberty surely must get, 
 Something in honor of Lafayette. 
 There's a Lafayette watch-chain, a Lafayette liat, 
 A Lafayette this and a Lafayette that: 
 But I wanted something as lasting as life — 
 And took to myself a Lafayette wife." 
 
 Just think of it! a "lover of liberty" taking unto himself a 
 wife! The day after this was written, Lafayette passed the 
 home of the Ijridal couple, in Alexandria, and the "General po- 
 litely raised liis hat, not knowing that Margarette was a bride 
 or that I had the day before called her my Lafayette wife." 
 
 Benjamin Hallowell started his cele- 
 brated school on Oronoco street, "near 
 Washington," really on corner of St. 
 Asaph. 
 
 1827. Alexandria subscribed $250,000 
 to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, on 
 condition that connection be made witli 
 Alexandria Canal. President John 
 Quincy Adams broke earth on this canal 
 at Georgetown. An argument used for 
 building this canal being tliat its waters 
 could be used by the community, which 
 was poorly supplied from wells and wa- 
 ter carts. When the canal was opened 
 the idea was quickly abandoned. 
 
 1827. In January fifty-three houses 
 destroyed by fire, involving a loss of over 
 !i»lUO,000. Relief Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany organized. 
 
 1827. A benevolent society was organ- 
 ized with Thomas Jacobs as president and 
 Benjamin Hallowell as secretary, and a 
 number of prominent Quakers ^nd citizens 
 as members. The object as .stated by Mr. 
 Hallowell, in his autobiography was "to 
 assist slaves who were willed to be free." 
 The association published some letters in 
 the "Alexandria Gazette," as early 
 as the year 1827, favoring the abolition 
 of slavery in the District of Columbia, 
 and sent a petition to Congress to the same effect, "signed by 
 all the Judges of the District and nearly all the Pastors of the 
 Gospel in Alexandria, Washington and Georgetown, and over 
 
 Col. Arthur Herbert. 
 Col. 17th Va.. C. S. A., last 
 descendant of Col. Car- 
 lysle born in old Carlysle 
 house. 
 
 1,500 voters of the two counties comprizing the District, one on 
 the North and the other on the South side of the Potomac." 
 This petition was ignored by Congress. 
 
 1830 to 1840 represents a period of active business operations. 
 Alexandria expended large amounts of money in aiding to build 
 the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and in building the Alexandria 
 Canal. Large amounts of coal was brought to Alexandria from 
 the Cumberland mines, but other trade was not sufficiently de- 
 veloped to make the success anticipated. 
 
 1833- The house on the southwest corner of Washington 
 and Queen streets, owing to the death of Mrs. Hooe, was sold 
 to John Lloyd, who bid above the estimated value. Witliin a 
 few days Mr. Hallowell purchased from the Potomac Bank, 
 through Phinneas Janney the tobacco warehouse on Washington 
 street, near the corner of Cameron, which he had been using as 
 a school house since 1830, and also the sugar house (refinery) 
 which he had remodeled and used for a school and boarding 
 house. Later the two structures were connected by a building 
 which was used for school rooms, tearchers' rooms and board 
 ers. Tlie tobacco liouse and connection have been torn down. 
 In 1871 Taylor and Blackburn purchased the "Sugar House." 
 and Professor Elacklnirn later bought out Mr. Taylor and still 
 continues the old school. We are indebted to him for the use of 
 the pen and ink sketch showing the old building, drawn by Mr. 
 Hallowell. 
 
 1833. May 6 Captain Randolph pulled President Jackson's 
 nose, on steamboat "Sydney," lying at the Alexandria wharf. 
 
 1834. Lyceum was organized. Benjamin Hallowell unani 
 mously elected president. Fine Hall built S. W. corner Wash- 
 ington and Prince streets. Manj- noted men delivered addresses 
 in tliis building, notably. President John Q. Adams, Caleb Gush- 
 ing, Samuel Goodrich (Peter Parley), now residence of Dr. Mc- 
 Guire. 
 
 1846. In September Alexandria was rctroceded to Virginia, 
 the State assuming three fourths of its debt. 
 
 The era of railroad building now began, and .Mcxandria took 
 an active part in the work, beginning and partly building three 
 lines of road — the Orange and .Alexandria, the Manassas (iap 
 and the Alexandria. Loudoun, and Hampshire, in addition to 
 wliich, just prior to the war, a line was built to the south end of 
 the Old Long Bridge. 
 
 1B48. Alexandria Volunteers in the Mexican War returned 
 under Captain M. D. Course, afterward Colonel of the 17th Vir- 
 
-Qii^^- 
 
 rSASHffirACTORl 
 
 
 Iiulustrial Ali'xaiulria IIKXRV* K. I il.U' »\>: CO.. Lumber and Mill Work of all kiiuls. Yards anil I'aclork-s covcrinir over three acres- Em- 
 ploy an averatre of 40 hands. Office located 115 N. Union Sired- Factory North Lee. Georjria Pine Yards Union and Oueen Streets. The build- 
 inir at tliis yard, as shown in illustration was in the earlier part of the lastci'^ntury the resi<Ience of Mr. Janiiesun, the man who made Alexandria 
 famous by his crackers. whtclrQtieen Victoria, ns a younfr woman, so relished that she imi>orted them for the Royal table. Shii> Lumber and 
 Finished Supi^lies all over Northern Vinriuia, Southern Maryland, and to WasUin^on. 
 
Th^ 
 
 ginia and Brigadier General in Kemper's Division. (See illus- 
 tration of liis home, now owned by Mr. C. C. Leadbeater). 
 
 1850. March 22 the Alexandria water company was chartered. 
 
 1851. Water company organized. Benj. Hallowell, president. 
 
 1852. October. Water mains, seven miles in length, were 
 opened and the pure water of Cameron Run has ever since sup- 
 plied the city. 
 
 1855. At the Dowell store fire, on King street (site of 
 Baader's store (see illustration); several prominent citizens were 
 crushed by a falling wall. A monument to their bravery and 
 patriotism was erected by the townspeople. 
 
 1859. The Alexandria Riflemen escorted the Governor to 
 Harpers Ferry to suppress Jolin Brown's Raid. Three other 
 companies of Alexandria soldiers and a battalion of Alexandria 
 artillery also went to Harpers Ferry and remained during the 
 
 trial and ex- 
 ec u t i o n of 
 John Brown 
 and other in- 
 surgents 
 
 1861. 
 war came on. 
 The city was 
 captured by 
 the Federal 
 troops on 
 May 24 and Ells- 
 worth and Jackson 
 were killed May 24, 
 1S61. O 1 d house 
 (destroyed by fire 
 1872,) Confederate 
 ag shown and new 
 uilding in corner. 
 Latest story in con- 
 nection therewith: 
 A darky guide ap- 
 proached a leading 
 merchant, lately, and 
 said, "Boss, I'se a 
 guide — let me sho' 
 you 'roun?" "What 
 can you tell me, 
 Marshall House, Old and New boy?" "Dar is de 
 
 Marsham House, where Lord Fairfax killed Elzworf." (See il- ,' 
 lustration.) / 
 
 1865. With the return of peace, Alexandria again started fo 
 build up her waste places, but had a very hard struggle. She 
 lost almost her entire interest in the railroads built by her, and 
 as the canal proved a failure, it was sold, and the city has as a 
 legacy for her debt a few acres of river front, now being im- 
 proved with fine factories. 
 
 1871. On the night of May 19 the market building was destroyed 
 by fire. This building was rebuilt in l87'?. the illustrations 
 thereof showing two sides. Royal and Cameron streets, and tlie 
 handsome Masonic Temple. It gives the city government mag- 
 nificent offices, courtrooms, etc., as well as providing a fine home 
 for Washington Lodge. The tower over the centre of the City 
 Hall and the clock was presented to the city by the late Mr. 
 John B. Daingerfield, one of the most benevolent, enterprising, 
 and successful men the city ever produced. Our illustration 
 shows the original and new building. 
 
 iSSo. March 9 Centennial of the founding of the municipal 
 ity was celebrated by the Mayor, City Council and citizens. 
 The oration was delivered by Mr. William F. Came and a poem 
 written and read by Henry P. Wliittington. The program of 
 parade follows: 
 
 One hundred boys, bearing torches; Capt. Jas. F. Webster, 
 with a platoon of policemen; Chief Marshal and Aids; Assist- 
 ant Marshals; the Alexandria Musical Association; the Alex- 
 andria Light Infantry; St. John's Cadet Battalion; Officers and 
 soldiers of the United States and Confederate States armies; 
 Chaplain, Orator, Poet and other guests; jud.ges and Officers 
 of tlic Courts; Alembcrs and Officers cif the City_ Council; the 
 City Scliool Board; Fire Wardens and Chief hjigineer; tlie 
 Friendship Fire Company, organized in 1774; the Sun Fire 
 Cumjiany, organized in 1775; the Relief Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany, organized in 1788; the Ilydraulion S. F. Company, organ- 
 ized in 1827; Clarkson's Cornet Band; the Columbia S. F. Com- 
 pany, organized in 1871. 
 
 18S9. May 24, the beautiful statue of tlie Confederate soldier, 
 commonly known as "Appomattox," was unveiled. It was erect- 
 ed by the surviving Confederates to their comrades who lost 
 tlieir lives in battling for the "lost cause." The monument is a 
 most excellent piece of artistic work and is carefully looked after 
 by the good women of our city, all of whom take pride an<l 
 pleasure in thus commemorating the deeds of the heroes who 
 left Alexandria to do battle for principle. The monument is 
 
Iniluslrial Akxaiulrui SUOiiS Til li I'Al'K SHOK FACTORY. Clias. Bcndheim. PresidL-nl : FriU J.l'alt. Vice-lTi-sidciu : J. .M. Hill. St-c- 
 retary and Treasurer : H. E. Poss, Siipei iiiteiidciit- This Company jrives employment to 84 people, employing 11 Travelers, who are kept busy. 
 Their output is 1,200 pairs of Infants', Children's and Misses' Shoes daily. Their annual pay-roll is nearly $40,000. They sell principally South 
 and West, and do a business in excess of $150,000.00. No better Shoes arc made in their line. 
 
erected at the corner of Washington and Prince streets, the 
 point from which the Alexandria sohliers started South in 
 1861. 
 
 TER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION STARTS 
 FROM ALEXANDRIA. 
 
 1895. Hon. Wm. H. May, as a Member of the Legislature, 
 introduced a Resolution asking for an appropriation of $10,000 
 as a preliminary sum for properly representing the Ter-Cen- 
 tennial. Alexandria can, therefore, claim through her represent- 
 ative, Mr. May, to have put in motion tlie ball which has re- 
 sulted in the Jamestown Exposition. 
 V *l899. October 12, Alexandria celebrated the 150th anniver- 
 sary of the platting and laying out of the city, in which work 
 George Washington assisted. A doubt has been cast upon this 
 statement, but the following extract, published by Mr. William 
 F. Carne, sets forever at rest this question: 
 
 "Some of the field notes made by the boy surveyor, George 
 Washington, when he assisted in laying out the town of Alex- 
 andria, in 1748, were copied by the late Dr. J. M. Toner, from a 
 memorandum book kept by Washington, when he was sixteen 
 years old. They are as follows: 
 
 "The course of the town of Alexandria; the meanders of the 
 river. 
 
 S. 84^ et. 3 chains. 
 S. 52 et. 17 L. 
 S. 24 E. 5 E. 9 S. 
 
 lo a point at a small hickory standing above the landing place. 
 
 S. 70 E. I C. 25 I^. 
 S. 45 E. 3 C. 18 L."** 
 
 The following extract from Harper's Magazine is reproduced 
 as most appropriatelj' ending this brief sketch of our old city's 
 chronological table: 
 
 "All portions of Alexandria speak of Washington. In this 
 city one may find, if he will blow aside the dust of a century, 
 
 *\Vashin£ton first studied surveying under a Mr. Williams, in Westmore- 
 land Count.v. but perfected liimself in this important line under George Hume, 
 a noted Scotch ennrineer. who emigrated to America and settled in the North- 
 ern Neck, and did some celebrated work in surveying, among which was the 
 laying out of the city of Fredericksburg. (See Henry's Statutes.) 
 
 footprints of the Father of His Country, that tell of his ways 
 as he moved round about home. Elsewhere the great chief is 
 on horseback, or sits high in some chair of state, lofty and re- 
 moved from common men, but in Alexandria, he is dismounted 
 
 and afoot — a townsinan and a neighbor." 
 
 November I, Washington Monument Association organized. 
 Wm. B. Smoot, president; C. C. Leadbeater, treasurer; and 
 Alex. J. Wedderburn, secretary, who together with the follow- 
 ing, composed the organization; George R. Hill, E. E. Down- 
 
 ;idrncc F. H. Harper, 
 Prince Street. 
 
 Portrait and residence of Hon. Wm. H. 
 May. ex-meniberof Legislature. 
 
 ham, A. W. Armstrong, J. K. 1\L Norton. J. M. Hill, John W. 
 May, Asliby Miller, Isaac Eichberg, and George A. Appich. 
 
 December 13 and 14, the Grand Lodge of A. F. and A. M., of 
 Virginia, met in Alexandria, and, on the 14th, assisted by the 
 Grand Lodges of the several jurisdictions of the United States, 
 proceeded on a pilgrimage over the same route that was covered 
 at Washington's funeral. The Mayor and City Council of Alex- 
 
Industrial Alrxandria-LUMBKR. COAI. AND PLASTER. These are the products chiefly dealt .. l.y Wni A. Smoot father and so.. 0«n.DK exte..s.^c 
 plaster u.incs in Nova Scotia they iu.port direct and Krind in AIexa...dria. The.r coal trade .s very extensive. shpp.n>,larKe.v direct '™» '^e mmes The 
 lumlK-r busines,s is one of the most important of the city's industries and covers a lar«e area as can be seen from thejUustral.un.^ lhe> havt extensive 
 mills v%here every character of sash, door and blind work is done, as well as all kinds of planine and other wood work, 
 country and have a large trade in Washington. 
 
 They ship tlirough all of the back 
 
andria, Lodge No. 22, hundreds of our citizens, and thousands 
 of others, paid homage to the dead hero at Mount Vernon, and 
 repeated again the ceremony of a hundred years ago and laid a 
 tribute on the tomb of Wasliington the great, the noble, the true; 
 Washington, the patriot, the statesman, tlie soldier; Washing- 
 ton, tlie Mason, the fireman, the surveyor, the farmer; Wash- 
 ington, the foremost in history, the champion of human liberty, 
 the friend of humanity. 
 
 1900. The first petrified brick laid on King street, between 
 Royal and Union. Much credit is due to Hon William H. May, 
 ex-Member of the Legislature, for pushing this matter among 
 the property owners. In the Council, ex-Mayor Henry Strauss 
 was an earnest advocate of the movement. Mr. M. B. Harlow 
 and other members of the Reform League, actively pressed 
 street improvements. 
 
 The Female Stranger's Grave. 
 
 In St. Paul's Episcopal graveyard is to be found an iron 
 railing surrounding a tomb, upon wliicli can be read the fol 
 lowing inscription: 
 
 To the Memory of a 
 
 FEMALE STRANGER, 
 
 Whose mortal sufferings terminated 
 
 On the nth day of October, 1816, 
 
 Aged 23 years and 8 months 
 
 This Stone is placed here by her disconsolate 
 
 Husband, in whose arms 
 
 she sighed out her 
 
 Latest breath, and who, under God, 
 
 Did his utmost even to sooth the cold dull ear of death. 
 
 "How lov'd, liow valu'd once avails thee not, 
 To whom related, or by whom begot, 
 A heap of dust alone remains of thee, 
 'Tis all thou art and all the proud shall be." 
 
 "To Him gave all the Prophets witness that through His name 
 whosoever believeth in Him shall receive remission of sins." — 
 Acts, 10 chap. 43 verse. 
 
 One of the unsolved mysteries of the world is to be found in 
 the aliove grave and epitaph to the Female Stranger. The only 
 facts known about this singular tomb is that in September, 1816, 
 a gentleman, accompanied by a lady very ill, arrived at Alex- 
 andria and put up at the City Hotel. Slie remained in her room 
 until her death on October II. Her husband was very taciturn, 
 and gave no information as to himself or family. After the 
 
 The Female Stranijer^s (irave 
 
 death of the lady he purchased the lot above referred to and 
 erected the tomb, giving in payment of liis debts drafts on Eng- 
 land (which tradition says were returned dishonored). He then 
 disappeared and was never again heard of, althougli it is claimed 
 by some old people that lie was seen in prison in a Northern 
 State. The incident has led to the publication by Mr. Wra. F. 
 Carne of a most interesting story, entitled, "The Narrative of 
 John Trust." 
 
1 
 
 Industrial Alexandria— AGKICL'I/rVKAl. IMri,KMlvNTS. Wni. II. May ^^ Sun, cslabli.slied diicclly after war closed, d-. i 
 iiess. The senior member represented the city in the legislature, and has been prominent in city affairs for many year* and i- 
 W.. a protrcssive young business man. They represent large agricultural implement houses, and deal largely i» seeds and niann 
 
 : extending bns;i- 
 v\ ith his sou John 
 [tilizcrs. 
 
Historical Points of Interest 
 
 O OTHER city' in the United States has as many 
 historical points of interest as the old City of 
 Alexandria, "VVasIiington's home town." Volumes 
 could be written in regard to them, and yet the 
 whole story would not be half told. The visitor to 
 Alexandria treads upon holy, historic ground, 
 and if the tale were told each one of the old and 
 stately houses (a number of which we show in our 
 illustrations) of Colonial times, and each one of 
 the original nine streets could an interesting tale 
 unfold. Space, however demands that I confine myself briefly to 
 the chief points of interest in and around Alexandria. 
 
 First comes OLD CHRIST CHURCH (p. 4), owing to its 
 
 connection with both Wash- 
 ington and Lee. 
 
 Tlie recent discussion of 
 the confiscation of church 
 property in France brings to 
 inind the fact that the Legis- 
 lature of the State of Vir 
 ginia, directly after the Revo 
 lution, enacted much more 
 drastic measures in confiscat 
 ing the property of the es- 
 tablished cliurch, as all tlie 
 glebe lands of the various 
 state churches were confis 
 cated with the exception of 
 those belonging to Christ 
 Church and "one other" 
 (probably the Falls Church, 
 which was a part of the same 
 parish). The churches de- 
 pended upon these gl-bes for 
 support, and it is believed 
 that the confiscation of their 
 property entailed great hard- 
 ship upon them Owing t.) 
 the influence of Washington 
 and Charles Lee, the legisla- 
 Christ Church, ture failed to include the pro 
 
 Washington Street View. pcrty of Christ Church in the 
 
 confiscation act. It is a fact that this confiscation caused great 
 inconvenience and loss to the churches, but it is also a fact 
 that men like George Mason and others, prominent in the Es- 
 tablished Church (Episcopal) were ardent advocates of the act, 
 and probably did as much to secure its passage as any one else. 
 
 Next in importance is the ALEXANDRIA-WASHINGTON 
 LODGE, No. 22. (See sketch.) 
 
 The CARLYLE AND BRADDOCK HOUSE (pp. 5 --md 
 6) unquestionably is the next most interesting sight for the visi- 
 tor. All visitors are invited to pass through the "Alexandria 
 Sunday Times" Office and avail themselves of our files of lead- 
 ing papers, or of any information that can be given them. 
 
 The following interesting sketch was handed the writer by 
 a prominent and well-known .gentleman residing near this city, 
 and who is perfectly ac(|uainted with every fact stated. 
 
 "The old Carlyle house was built by John Carlyle in the 
 
 Interior of Christ Churcli. 
 
Industrial Alexandria— LEATHKR. The leather trade, established in 1820. by the grandfather of the present members of the hrm of C. C. Smoot K 
 Sons has been one of the institutions of the city. The company is incorporated with Mr. Wm. B. Snioot, as President : J. C. Smoot. Treasurer, and Robt. S. 
 Jones. Secretary. They manufacture principally packers hides, and have a present capacity of between 16.UO0 and 17.000 .hides weekly. makinK nothinu but 
 the best grade of oak tanned leather. Principal office Washington and Wolfe Streets, with tanneries at SpcrryviUe, Va., «nd Wilkcsberry, N. C. Illustration 
 is of the latter tannery. 
 
'year 1745. He came over as Collector of Customs imder the 
 Crown, and settled first at Dumfries, in tlie old colonial days. 
 He married Sarah Fairfax, a daughter of William Fairfax, of 
 Belair, and was one of the original trustees named in the char- 
 ter of the city of Alexandria. At the solicitation of General 
 Washington and William Fairfax, he was appointed by Gover- 
 nor Dinwiddle, of Virginia. Major and Quartermaster during 
 the French and Indian War. and while acting as such entertained 
 Governors Dinwiddle, Sharpe, Delancy, Morris and General 
 Braddock, whose disastrous campaign and deatli has passed into 
 history. 
 
 "William Herbert married Sarah Carlyle and resided at the 
 old Carlyle mansion up to his death. And his son, William Her- 
 bert, resided there until he moved to Shuter's Hill. Col. Arthur 
 Herbert, the youngest son of William Herbert, was the last 
 member of the family born there. The lawn in the early days 
 stretched down to the 
 river, and the stories of 
 the house, having been 
 built over an old Indian 
 fort, are purely imagin- 
 ary. It was the seat of 
 much old-fashioned hospi- 
 tality. General Washing- 
 ton, in his diary, makes 
 frequent mention of din- 
 ing at Colonel Carlyle's. 
 where an open house was 
 kept for all the gentry of 
 that day, a society, for 
 culture and refinement, 
 that was unsurpassed. 
 The annals of tlie vestry 
 of Christ Church show 
 that upon the failure of 
 the contractor to finish 
 that church. Col. Carlyle 
 took the contract and fin 
 ished it, and among the 
 old family silver left by 
 him was a silver flagon, 
 basket and two goblets 
 that were used in the 
 church many years in the 
 
 Kesideiice of Kobt. I'. Dowuliam. southeast corner of WashiuKton ami Oronoco street.s. House 
 in whicli Edmund I. Lee wrote Congressional resolutions relative to Washington — "I-'irst in 
 war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his countr.vmeu." 
 
 administration of the sacrainent." 
 
 The OLD CITY HOTEL, with its history so closely identi 
 fied with that of Washington, is probably the next point of 
 interest. 
 
 Braddock Heights, situated about a mile northwest of the 
 city, was where the Ariny of Braddock was cainped during 
 the interim between its landing and the advance to Fort Du 
 Quesne. It is now one of the most prosperous of the numerous 
 suburban towns around Alexandria, and is situated directly on 
 the Mt. Vernon Railroad. An illustration is given of Robert 
 Elliot's house. He is one of Alexandria's most energetic real 
 estate men. 
 
 The OLD FRIENDSHIP FIRE COMPANY, to which 
 Washington belonged, and to which he presented the most mod- 
 ern fire engine of his day, imported from France and purchased 
 in Philadelpliia, in 1774, and sent by ox-team to the old company 
 
 at Alexandria. The orig- 
 inal engine unfortunately 
 was disposed of years ago 
 but the present engine 
 was much needed, and 
 the company had to dis- 
 pose of the Washington 
 engine so as to purchase 
 tlie one they now have, 
 which was in constant 
 use and did efficient serv- 
 ice up to the early 70's. 
 It is still in good repair 
 and forms one of the chief 
 .ittractions of Alexandria, 
 and in case of need both 
 it and its veteran mem- 
 bers would be heard from. 
 Ex-Mayor E. E. Down- 
 ham is the present Presi- 
 dent of the Company. 
 Their engine house is sit- 
 uated on south Alfred 
 street, between King and 
 Prince. 
 
 The LAFAYETTE 
 HOUSE. (See illustra- 
 tion, p. II.) 
 
Industrial Alex- 
 andria— ICK FAC- 
 TORY. Mutual Ice 
 Co . Cameron a n d 
 Union SL^.. W. M. 
 Reardon . Presiden t. 
 H. Hammond. Treas- 
 urer. \V. M. Keardon 
 Jr.. Secretary. Manu- 
 facturers of Plate and 
 Can Ice. dealers in 
 Kenneliec River Ice 
 and Mico Water- Ca- 
 pacity of 4" tons per 
 day. and storaee ca- 
 pacity of 400 tons per 
 day. from house or 
 vessel. They employ 
 an avcrace of from 30 
 to 50 men according 
 to the season. It is 
 one of the imi>ortant 
 industries of the city 
 and durinir the ice 
 famine refused to 
 raise the price to its 
 city customers or to 
 sell to outsiders at 
 the higher rate. 
 
 Natural Ice Storage Warehouse. 
 
The First Presbyterian Church (Churches) was built in 
 1774. Washington contributed to the funds and often attended 
 service in the ohl building. This building was destroyed by 
 fire July 26, 1835, and rebuilt in 1836 — (illustrated). 
 
 The MARSHALL HOUSE (p. 13), of which we give the 
 original view as seen in 1861, and the present view in the cor 
 ner, is a point of great interest from the fact that on the 17th 
 of April, 1861, the day that Virginia seceded, Mr. James Jackson 
 raised a Confederate fiag over his house and said it should only 
 come down over his dead body. On the 24th of May, when the 
 city was evacuated by the Confederate forces and the Federals 
 took possession, under command of Col. Elmore Ellsworth, of 
 the New York Zouaves, he marched his regiment up King street, 
 to the corner of Pitt, halted them in front of the Marshall Mouse 
 and he, together with a squad of his men, rushed up the stair 
 
 way and tore 
 down the Con- 
 federate flag. On 
 coming down, he 
 was met by Mr. 
 Jackson, with a 
 d o u b le-barreled 
 shot-gun , loaded 
 w i t h buck-shot, 
 who discharged 
 one of the barrels 
 into the colonel, 
 killing him in- 
 stantly. He was 
 about to fire the 
 second loafl when 
 Corporal Brow- 
 nell knocked up 
 his gun, shot him 
 and then bayo- 
 netted him. 
 
 The CONFED- 
 ERATE MONU- 
 MENT (p. 10). 
 situated at the in 
 t e r s e c t i o n of 
 Prince and Wash- 
 i n g t o n streets, 
 was erected by 
 
 Fairfax House. Residence of Wm. A. Sinoot. Jr. 
 Formerly Residence of Dr. Fairfax. 
 
 Alexandria Hospital. 
 
 The Alexandria Hospital is one of the most perfect institutions of its kind in 
 any small city of the Union and is said to excel many of the larger cities. 
 
 the Alexandria Confederates to the memory of their comrades, 
 who fell in the "lost cause," and who started out from that point 
 from Alexandria on the 24tli of May, 1861. The illustration 
 given not only shows the monument, but the committee of sol 
 diers and citizens who participated in the unveiling ceremonies, 
 on the 24th day of May, 1889. 
 
 On the soutliwest corner of Washington and Prince streets 
 diagonally opposite the monument, is the old Lyceum Building, 
 in which many notable addresses were made, among the speak 
 ers being ex-President John Quincy Adams, and on the south 
 east corner is the handsome residence of Judge J. K. M. Norton 
 (illustrated as decorated for the "Sesqui"), who so long and ef- 
 ficiently served the City as Corporation Judge. 
 
 LEE CAMP. Passing up Prince street a square and a half, 
 between Columbus and Alfred, is LEE CAMP HALL, a picture 
 
> 
 
 ?« 
 
 <t > 
 
 O |> 
 
 r a :2 
 
 > o ■ 
 
 so » 
 
 G =.T1 
 
 O o £. 
 
 O £? 
 
 — n ~ 
 
 tr- -I r. 
 
 -^ 'rr '£. 
 
 
 3o 
 
of which we give, together with 
 the old veterans as they started 
 out to attend Memorial exercis- 
 es on the Conferedate Memorial 
 Day, 1906. This hall also con- 
 tains the City Library. 
 
 CONFEDERATE VETER- 
 ANS. (See illustration, p. 12 ) 
 
 July ;, 1884. LEE CAMP, 
 No. 5, Virginia, was or.ganized, 
 with the following officers: 
 Commander, Philip B. Hooe; 
 First Lieut. -Com., Wm. A, 
 Smoot; Second Lieut. -Com., 
 Frank Power; Third Lieut.- 
 Com., K. Kemper; Adjutant, 
 Edgar Warfield; Quartermaster, 
 R. M. Latham; Chaplain. Rev. 
 G. H. Norton; Surgeon, Dr. 
 Robt. ^C. Powell; Treasurer, R. 
 F. Knox; Officer-of-the-Day, 
 A. Howell. Many of these and 
 of their Comrades who com- 
 posed the Camp, have crossed 
 over to "Fame's Eternal Camp- 
 ing Ground," but their memory is kept green by their surviving 
 Comrades and the Good Women of Alexandria, to whose ef- 
 forts in a great measure the splendid building. Lee Camp Mall, 
 on Prince street, was secured. In this building the City Li- 
 brary is located, and this, too, is maintained principally 
 through the efforts of these daughters of Alexandria, who can- 
 
 Feder.il Cemetery 
 
 not be excelled in good works. Th 
 1907 are Commander, Wm. A. Smoot; 
 
 officers of Lee Camp for 
 First Lieut. -Com., W, W. 
 
 Sherwood; Second Lieut. -Com., J. W. Hammond; Tliird Lieut. 
 
 S. Taylor; Chaplain, K. 
 Officer-of-the-Day, Jessie 
 
 On the corner of Wash- 
 
 Com,, John Hooff; Adjutant, Chas. 
 Kemper; Quartermaster. Alex. Lyles; 
 Murrv. 
 
 WASHINGTON SCHOOL (p. 8). 
 ington and Wnlfe streets, is situated Washington School. Our 
 portrait shows the old school still standing, built 1817, and the 
 New High School, and Colonel Kemper. c.x-Mayor of the City, 
 and present Superintendent of Public Instruction. This school 
 was endowed by Washington. 
 
 ROBERT E. LEE'S BOY- 
 HOOD HOMES IN ALEX- 
 ANDRIA. We give two views 
 of residences in which Robert 
 E. Lee lived. (See sketch.) 
 
 STRANGER'S GRAVE. 
 
 CSee sketcli. ) 
 
 SUTER'S HILL (vulgar- 
 ized Shnter's Hill). This is now 
 the .golf links. We give an il- 
 lustration of the club house. In 
 the early days it was a noted 
 residential site, but it becomes 
 of historical note from the fact 
 that this point was selected as 
 the site for building the Nation- 
 al Capitol, but owing to Wash- 
 ington's objection to having the 
 public buildings put upon the 
 unith side of the Potomac River, 
 where he and his wife's grand- 
 son owned so much property, 
 an Act was passed by the first 
 Congress requiring that all 
 public buildings be built upon 
 the Maryland side. 
 
 The FAIRFAX HOUSE is on the corner of Cameron and 
 St. Asaph streets. (Sec illustratifm.) 
 
 Tlie MUNICIPAL BUILDING, in which is the MASONIC 
 TEMPLE, wdiich is built upon the old Market Grounds, the 
 scene of so many intcrestin.g episodes in the early days of the 
 municipality. It is located on Royal, Cameron and Fairfax 
 streets. (Illustrated to.gether with first building.) 
 
 The FEDERAL BUILDING is located on the corner of 
 Prince and St. Asaph streets. (Illustrated.) 
 
 Dr. Dick's House, Washington's physician, where Wash- 
 ington was a constant visitor, is located on Duke street, near 
 Fairfax. 
 
 We give illustration of the ALEXANDRIA HOSPITAL, 
 which shows that Alexandria is not beliind in tlie w,iy of 
 promptly and efficiently caring for tliose in need of first-class 
 medical aid. 
 
Hon. Thomas B. Murphy's Home, 
 Duke and Pitt Streets. 
 
 • V, ■ I- V, 
 
 > ; -i ■. 
 
 Handsome Residence of John A. Marshall, 
 Wolfe and St. Asaph Streets. 
 
 Residence of Mr. A. D. Brockett, 
 Washington Street. 
 
 % *l 
 
 Residence of Wm. B. Smoot, 
 President C. C. Smoot Co. Prince and Columbus Streets. 
 
 RESIDENTIAL ALEXANDRIA— FOUR HANDSOME HOMES 
 
MT. VERNON, ARLINGTON, AND WASHINGTON. 
 
 It goes without saying tliat Uie great Magnets that at- 
 
 Front view Carlysle Honse — rear of Braddock House and 
 Alexandria Sunday Timt-s office. 
 
 tract the people of not alone the United States, but the world, 
 to this section, are the American "Mecca," Mt. Vernon, the 
 Home and Tomb of he who was "First in war, first in peace, and 
 hrst in tlie hearts of his countrymen" — GEORGE WASHING- 
 TON. We not onl}- give an illustration of his tomb and home, 
 at Mt. Vernon, but wc are glad to be able to show a photograph 
 of the residence of Mr. Robert F. Downham, S. E. corner Wash- 
 ington and Oronoco streets, it being the house in which that 
 gifted Alexandrian, Edmond I. Lee, penned the Resolutions 
 that Congress, a few days later, adopted in relation to the death 
 of the Great Patriot. 
 
 ARLINGTON, the American Westminster, built by George 
 Washington Parke Custis, grandson of Mrs. Washington, whose 
 daugliter, and heiress, Mary, married Robert E. Lee, is one of 
 the most attractive points of interest, and when the MEMOR- 
 IAL BRIDGE is built its easy access will make it doubly at- 
 tractive. 
 
 OF WASHINGTON CITY there is no space in a book of 
 this cliaracter to attempt to talk, tliat it is of great service to 
 our City, is an undisputed fact, that as it increases in popula- 
 tion and wealth, that as it is built up into a magnificent resi- 
 dential city for the wealthy people of the Nation, and as the 
 Government expands there can be no doubt that Ale.xandria 
 will materially benefit by each and every advance made by that 
 great city and the country at large, which so materially aids in 
 the growth and prosperity of its Capital City, will rejoice that 
 THE HOME TOWN of Washington is benefitted by their ex 
 penditures. I reproduce an old illustration showing the parade 
 at the laying of the corner stone of the Capitol, participated in 
 by Alexandria Lodge No. 22. 
 
 WASHINGTON BIRTHDAY ASSOCIATION. Organ- 
 ized January, 1903. for tlie purpose of properly commemorating 
 the day of Washington's birth, in his HOME TOWN. Had 
 splendid parades in i903-4-and-6; with banquets in 1905 and '07. 
 Fred. J. Paff was first President. Present officers are A. D. 
 Brockett, President; Wm. A. Smoot, Jr., First Vice-President; 
 Harry Hammond, Treasurer; Julian Y. Williams, Secretary. 
 Headquarters, Chamber of Commerce. An organization of 
 which the City is justly proud. 
 
Reliance No. 5 
 Ready for Service. 
 
 Frientiship No. i. 
 Washington's Fire Company, organized 1774. 
 
 Columbia No. 4. Hook and Ladder No. i. 
 
 ALEXANDRIA FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
Alexandrla=Washington Lodge, No. 22 
 
 My thanks are 
 due to a promi- 
 nent member of 
 Washington 
 Lodge, for the 
 following very in- 
 teresting and ac- 
 curate history of 
 the old Lodge. It 
 will doubtless be 
 read with intense 
 interest and great 
 satisfaction by 
 the t h o u s a n ds 
 who will read this 
 book. 
 
 Masonic Temple 
 
 Is located on 
 Cameron street, 
 between Fairfax 
 and Royal streets 
 and is the prop- 
 erty of Alexand- 
 r i a-W ashington 
 Lodge, No. 22. 
 This Lodge ob- 
 tained its first 
 charter from the 
 Grand Lodge of 
 Pennsylvania, m 
 February, 1783, 
 and was knuwn 
 as No. 39, under 
 the Pennsylvania 
 jurisdiction, Rob- 
 ert Adam being 
 the first Master, 
 under this juris- 
 diction. In 1788, 
 
 George 
 Washington 
 
 Washington Lodge. First and Present Masters. 
 
 the Pennsylvania 
 charter was sur- 
 rendered, and a 
 charter obtained 
 from the Grand 
 Lodge of V i r- 
 ginia, of which 
 Edmund Ran- 
 dolph was then 
 the Grand Mas- 
 ter. Under the 
 Virginia cliarter 
 tlie Lodge was 
 known as Alex- 
 ander, N o. 2 2. 
 General Washing- 
 Ion was appointed 
 tlie first Master 
 under the Vir- 
 ginia jurisdiction 
 and served as 
 such until the ex- 
 piration of the 
 appointive term, 
 w h en he was 
 elected by the 
 Lodge to suc- 
 ceed himself. Af- 
 ter the death of 
 the General and 
 in his honor, the 
 L o d g e's name 
 was again 
 changed, in 1805, 
 to Alexandria- 
 Washington 
 Lodge, No. 22. 
 the name it now 
 bears. In addi- 
 tion to the old 
 V i r g i n ia char- 
 
J. B. WALLER, 
 
 Clerk Gas. 
 
 E. C. DUNN. 
 
 Engineer. 
 
 SAM'L P. FISHER, 
 
 City Attorney. 
 
 F. W. LATHAM, 
 
 Slipt. G.TS. 
 
 HON. FRED. J. PAFF. Mayor. 
 THE MAYOR AND CITY OFFICERS. 
 
ter, which contains both the names of Washington and Edmund 
 Randolph (who was subsequently his Secretary of State), the 
 Lodge possesses an almost priceless collection of Washington 
 relics, among them the trowel used by the General in laying 
 the corner-stone of the Capitol of the United States, September 
 i8th, 1793. The Masonic apron woven by Madam Lafayette and 
 presented to General Washington by Lafayette, in 1784, and 
 worn by him at the above named ceremony; the Lesser .Lights 
 used at both the laying the corner-stone of the Capitol and at 
 Washington's funeral; the Master's chair occupied by the Gen- 
 eral when Master; picture of Washington, by Williams, of Phila- 
 delphia, made in 1794, for the Lodge — the only one for which he 
 sat while President. For tliis picture the Lodge has refused 
 $50,000. Wasliington's bed chamber clock, wedding gloves, farm 
 spurs, field compasses, and numerous other genuine relics of 
 the great patriot, rest in the niches and hang upon the walls of 
 the sanctum sanctorium. There also can be seen a tine paint- 
 ing of Lord Thomas Fairfa.x, painted in London, in 1730, and 
 one of Lafayette, by Hurdle, the Masonic aprons of Doctors 
 Dick and Craik, his family physicians, worn by them at his 
 funeral, comprise only a minor portion of its interesting and 
 valuable collection. The history of this old Lodge, stretching 
 over the entire period of our national existence, its membership 
 originally constituted of the personal friends and neighbors of 
 General Washington, is indeed intensely interesting, not only 
 to members of the Fraternity, but to every true lover of tlie 
 "mighty past." 
 
 Few, if any, subordinate Lodges in this country have partici- 
 pated in as many events of national importance as lias old No. 
 22. Space will not permit us to enumerate them all, but promi- 
 nent among the many are laying the first corner-stone of the 
 District of Columbia, on Jones's Point, Va. (which they did) 
 .'\pril 15th, 1791. They assisted in laying the corner-stone of 
 the Capitol of the United States September 18th, 1793, the 
 Smithsonian Institute in 1847, of the Washington Monument, 
 1848; the Equstrian Statue of Washington at Richmond, Va., 
 in 1850; and performed the Masonic ceremony at Washington's 
 funeral, December i6th, 1799. On this occasion. Dr. Elisha 
 CuUen Dick presided as Master. Five of the pall bearers, viz: 
 Colonels Charles Simms, Dennis Ramsay, Wm. Payne, Geo. 
 Gilpin, and Cliarles Little, were members of the Lodge, as were 
 Rev. Jas. Muir (Cliaplain), and Rev. Thos. Davis, Rector of 
 Christ Church, who performed the religious service. No visitor 
 to Alexandria should fail to see this historic land-mark and its 
 sacred treasures, around which such precious memories cling. 
 
 Venerable indeed, 
 but still vigorous 
 in its old age, it 
 has become by 
 virtue of past as- 
 sociations, the 
 shrine of Ameri- 
 can Masons, and 
 it should be, as its 
 history is their 
 history, its honor 
 their honor. 
 
 L,U\ of Washington's Coffin 
 
 Presented by John Struthers 
 
 of Philadelphia. 
 
 Mount Vernon. Fairfax Co.. Va. — rear \-iew 
 The Home and Tomb of Washington 
 
W. H. Sweeney 
 
 W. W. Ballenger 
 
 JIJSQ ■uosduioqx H 1 
 
 Pl>!d ■» H 
 
General Lee and Alexandria. 
 
 For the first time, probably, in 
 any article about Alexandria, wc 
 are enabled to produce tlie photo- 
 graphs of the houses in which Gen. 
 Robert E. Lee lived when a boy, 
 and where he went to school, the 
 old histor- 
 
 ner of Queen and Washington streets only a few doors north is 
 situated the Lloyd Mansion, occupied by Mrs. Yateman and 
 Miss Minnie Lloyd. This is the house in which General Lee 
 was first notified of his appointment (our thanks are due to Miss 
 Lloyd for this information and for the following statement): 
 On the celebrated Sunday in April General Lee attended Christ 
 
 ic school 
 house and 
 the house in 
 which Gen. 
 Lee was 
 first notifi 
 ed that ho 
 had been 
 a p p o inted 
 C o mmand- 
 e r-i n-Chief 
 of the armies of Virginia at the out- 
 break of the war. We also give a 
 reproduction of the residence of Ed- 
 mund L Lee, in which house he wrote 
 the celebrated Resolution otifered in Con- 
 gress in which he voiced the world- 
 famed expression: "First in peace, first 
 in war, first in tlic hearts of his country 
 men." 
 
 The houses in which General Lee as a 
 boy lived are on Oronoco street, about 
 midway between Washington and St. 
 Asaph streets, and also Christ Church 
 parsonage, on Washington and Queen 
 streets. 
 
 Hallowell School (now conducted by 
 Professor Blackburn, to whom we are 
 indebted for the copy of the old pic- 
 ture), is situated on the west side of 
 Washington street, about one-half a 
 square from Christ Church. On the cor 
 
 Benjamin HallowelPs celcbralt^d school for bo.\ s at \\ liicli K(^1;ERT K. LKE and many oilier celelxatt-d men 
 were tauulit mathematics and everything iiertainin^r lo honorable manhood. Picturt- is taken from a 
 pen atut ink- sketch drawn b.v Uenjamin Hallowell and kindly loaned the writer by Professor Hlackbum 
 who now carries on the old school in the lartje buildintf to the right of tlie "sugar house." The observatory 
 shown in the rear, the school to the right and the playgrounds adjoining have since the war given place 
 to handsome residences and the Synagogue. 
 
G. S. Leadbeater 
 
 Henry Straus 
 
 Louis W. Brill 
 
 Henry Baader 
 
 Julian Y. Williams Robert Monroe 
 
 W. H. Hellmuth 
 
 J. F. Birrell 
 
 Frank C. Spinks, Jr. Chas. B. Marshall 
 
 ALEXANDRIA COMMON COUNCIL 
 
 Frank J. Evans D. R. Stansbury, Clerk. 
 
Church. When he came out of the Church, Miss Lloyd, then 
 a young girl, joined him and taking hold of his hand, walked 
 directly home, no one stopping them en route to say anything to 
 the General, although it has been asserted that General Lee was 
 
 Residence of Mrs. Yeatman (in the S. W. corner of Prince and Queen Streets. 
 House in which General Lee was notified by Mrs Tabb that he had been 
 si'lected by the Constitutional Convention to command the Virginia forces. 
 
 notified of his appointment as lie left Christ Church. AU.-^s 
 Lloyd continued, that when General Lee reached her home and 
 entered the parlor they were met by her sister, Mrs. Taljl) 
 (mother of Mrs. S. G. BrentX who had arriveil in Ale.xandri.i 
 after the service at the church began. Mrs. Tabb met General 
 Lee and informed him that a commission, which had been sent 
 by a committee of the Convention, had accompanied her from 
 Richmond to Alexandria, to inform him of his appointment as 
 Commander-in-Chief of the Virginia forces. "He stood right 
 there," said Miss Lloyd, pointing to the center of the room. 
 
 "when my sister told him this and asked him whether he would 
 accept the command. He replied that he had not been officially 
 notifieil of the tender and that consequently he had nothing to 
 say on the subject." As he was about to leave to go to Arling- 
 ton he started to kiss Mrs. Tabb, but she being an intense rebel 
 started back and said: "I won't kiss you. Cousin Robert, unless 
 you accept the Command of the Virginia forces." 
 
 The next morning General Lee passed the house, going south, 
 on Washington street from .'\rlington, accompanied by several 
 gentlemen. He sat on horseback and waved his hand to the 
 liouse and sent a note in addressed to Wvs. Tabb, on which was 
 written: "i shall claim tli;it kiss from my dear cousin." 
 
 Alexandria's Alms House, W. M. .Smith. .Superintendent 
 
w 
 
 Alexandria' s 'Brewery 
 
 SW/n the year 18f>2, RoBKkT PoRTNER, the pioneer brewer of the South, established in Alex- 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ■> 
 
 line of 
 
 fine 
 
 cars, thej- are enabled to 
 meet promptly the trans- 
 portation demands of their various branches throug^h- 
 out the country. 
 
 IViKT.NKH s Drcwiry is oneof Ihc larKesl iu the Slate nnd Kivescm- 
 ploynitril to more people than any olherconcern in the city, employ- 
 iiiil inside of the cit>' 109 men nn<l on the road and onlside 168. or a 
 total of 277. nunne the p.ist year their pay roll amonntcd to $68,835.40 
 in Alexandria and $71,121.67 outside, or a total of $1.^9,<'57.(i7. They 
 >hip from is to Jo cars daily- The illnslralion presents only a faint 
 idea of these >;reat bnildines. They manufacture 50 tons of ice daily. 
 
 audria, on a very moderate scale, the nucleus of a business which has since 
 
 ffrown to mainmotli proportions. It remained exclusively in the hands of 
 
 Mr. Portner until May, 1883, when the present stock companj- was organized, 
 
 an era from which dates the period of its most rapid expansion and greatest 
 
 prosperity. The present fine plant of the Robert PorTnek Brewing Co. 
 
 covers the greater portion of four city blocks, about 250,tXX) square feet, and 
 
 all the latest scientific improvements in brewing, refrigerating and bottling 
 
 machinery are applied in its construction. Their brewing department has a 
 
 capacity of one hundred thousand barrels and the bottling department twenty 
 
 million bottles. Their refrigerating, power and light equipment consists of a 
 
 .^(K) ton refrigerating and ice-making plant, 1,2(X) horse-power boiler capacity, 
 
 and electric 
 
 engines and 
 
 dynamos of 
 
 lot) kilowatt 
 
 power. Uav- 
 
 i n g their 
 
 own car 
 
 shop, in 
 
 which they 
 
 build and 
 
 repair their 
 
 refrigerator 
 
 
 Indu>trlal Alexandria ii. POkTNKK BREWINCi CO. 
 
 M 
 
organized, composed principally of charmen of the various 
 committees: M. B. Harlow, C. C. Carlin, Wm. B. Smoot, Gard- 
 ner L. Boothe, Dr. Wm. M. Smith, Capt. J. C. King, George 
 R. Hill, John May, E. E. Downham, J. R. N. Curtin, Judge J. K. 
 M. Norton, John A. Marshall, Peter Aitcheson, C. C. Lead- 
 better, and Alexander 
 [. Wedderburn. Mr. 
 Harlow was chosen 
 Chairman, and Alex- 
 ander J. Wedderburn 
 Secretary, and for ten 
 weeks and until after 
 the close of the Sesqui- 
 Centennial was in 
 charge of headquar- 
 ters. 
 
 The late Hon. John 
 F. Rixey and the 
 members of the Sen- 
 ate and Congress 
 from Virginiaa gener- 
 ally took an active 
 part in advancing tlie 
 proposed celebration. 
 Mr. Rixey and Mayor 
 Simpson, tog ether 
 with a large delega- 
 tion of the citizensof 
 Alexandria, called on 
 Secretary of War Root 
 and Secretary of the 
 Navy Long, urging 
 that the Army and 
 Navy be properly rep- 
 resented at the cele- t 
 bration. These gentle- &k«^. 
 men, while courteous 
 and promising to do 
 what they could, were 
 
 "Sl- 
 
 probably not in a position to do as much as they desired The 
 committee then called upon President McKinley to invite him 
 to be present on the occasion. They were met in the most cor- 
 dial manner, and while the President stated that he regretted 
 that he could not be present, owing to a previous engagement, 
 
 that nothing that lay in his power to add to the proper celebra- 
 tion of so great an event would be left undone. 
 
 Just at this moment the door opened and Secretary Root 
 entered. The President greeted him warmly, and said: "Root, 
 you are just in time to meet tliese gentlemen from Alexandria, 
 
 and I want you and 
 I.^ong to do everything 
 that is in the power of 
 the Army and Navy to 
 iild to the success of 
 ilieir Sesqui-Centennial 
 lebration." With 
 
 iich an endorsement, 
 H'tn that time on the 
 I irk of the committee 
 IS c o m p a r a t i vely 
 ,i.sy. 
 The naval forces of 
 ic United States rep- 
 resented at the opening 
 of the Sesqui-Centen 
 nial on the night of 
 October ii were: The 
 "Machias," Commander 
 L. C. Logan; the Presi- 
 dents dispatch boat 
 'Dolphin," "Lieut. Com. 
 W. H. H. Sutherland, 
 and the "M a r i e t t a." 
 The latter ship was un- 
 der orders to sail for 
 tlie Philippines at sun- 
 rise the next morning, 
 ■V- -is^l l^ut she nobly did her 
 '" ^^ P''^''' '" opening the 
 Sesqui-Centennial. At 
 seven-thirty o' c lo c k 
 these war-dogs made a 
 most gorgeous displa}', 
 before witnessed. The 
 
 ■ Parade, Stonewall Jackson baud passin£^ lieadquarlers. Kiny; and Wasbinglon Slreels. 
 
 one which no Alexandrian had ever 
 
 "Machias" lay off Prince street, the "Dolphin" was nearly op- 
 posite Duke, and the "Marietta" a little further down the river. 
 The Dolphin was the central point of a most gorgeous electrical 
 display; which was beautifully rendered by all of the ships; 
 
Industrial Alexandria— The OLD DOMINION GLASS WORKS manufactures glass bottles. It was established nearly sii years ago. and has been a success 
 from the start. Its officers are Henry K. Field. President ; Geo. H. Schwarzmann. Manager ; Lorenzo Wolford, Superintendent, and George D. Hopkins, becretary- 
 Trcasurer. The plant covers nearly six acres, and its daily output is about two car loads. Its specialty is beer and^ soda bottles.^ although^^t jnakes^all^kmds.^ Irom^ 
 druggist's vial up. It employs upwards of 250 blowers and moulders, and a large number of boys. "' ' " " " "*"" *"' . - - 
 
 artist and has the hardest kind of work to perform. 
 
 ally la ucci ailll auua i/v/tuva. a.vuww^,. ., ...u«^.. ».. «-. ..—... — 
 
 The wages paid are the highest, as the glass blower is a skilled 
 
from the water's edge to top-mast rigging she presented in en- 
 chanting beauty an electrical ship. About the center of the ves- 
 sel, apparently in mid-air, was an enormous electrical "D" which 
 added beauty to the scene. The "Machias" and the "Marietta" 
 flashed searchlights in every direction and Night was turned 
 to Day. 
 
 The scene was one that pen cannot describe. The two 
 remaining ships at twelve o'clock the next day fired the national 
 salute in honor of the event, and at night repeated their elec- 
 trical and searchlight display. During the firing of the salute 
 the City bells were rung and engine whistles were blowing, and 
 thousands of people who had gathered at the wharf were wild 
 with enthusiasm. 
 
 THANKSGIVING AT ST. MARY'S CHURCH. 
 
 The Rev. Father Richard L. Carne, who for many years 
 conducted the celebrated St. John's Academy, having arrived in 
 Alexandria tlic night before, asked leave to celebrate mass in 
 St. Mary's Church on the morning of the I2th. He preached a 
 sermon from the text, "Unless the Lord keep the city, he watcli- 
 eth in vain who keepeth it." — Ps. cxxvi;2. He briefly reviewed 
 the history of the progress of his church from the Revolution 
 to the present time, and concluded with a prayer that the homes 
 of the people might still be prosperous and happy, and that from 
 them they might be translated to a City not made with hands, 
 eternal in the Heavens. 
 
 A SPLENDID SCENE. 
 
 From early dawn to long past midniglit the city was a 
 scene, such as is rarely found in many larger ones. I remember 
 that the late Beriah Wilkins, of "The Washington Post," said 
 to me: "During my day I have traveled the world over, I have 
 seen hundreds of celebrations in all parts of it, but this is the 
 most remarkable that I have ever seen. The decorations are not 
 only magnificent but they are universal. In driving over Alex 
 andria to-day I have noted with interest the beautiful decora- 
 tions, but what has astounded me most is the fact that even the 
 smallest negro cabin has at least one flag flying from its win- 
 dows." 
 
 Probably in the world's history no town was ever more 
 thoroughly decorated for an event than was Alexandria on this 
 occasion. The people, loyal to the core, had entered into the 
 
 spirit of the occasion, and were determined to leave nothing un- 
 done to make it worthy of the great event that was being 
 celebrated. 
 
 THE PROCESSION. 
 
 At 2.45 the procession formed on North Washington street 
 and moved in close form and quick time along the following 
 route: Washington to Fairfax, to Paine, to King, to I'"airfax, 
 to Prince, to Patrick, to Duke, to Washington, to Franklin, and 
 counter-marched to Wolfe, Wolfe to Pitt, Duke to Fairfax, to 
 Wikes, to Lee, to King, to Fairfax, to Cameron, to Royal, to 
 Prince, and disbanded. 
 
 The Pageant extended over two and one-half miles in 
 length, and contained five divisions. The first was led by Dr. 
 Wm. M. Smith, Chief Marshal; Col. Louis C. Barley, Assistant 
 Marshal, with aids. stafT; the Mayor and City Council; E.xecu- 
 tive Committee, distinguished guests, including Commissioner 
 Wright, of tlie District; Hon. "Thos. G. Hayes, Mayor-elect oi 
 Baltimore, Congressman Rixey, Hon. Beriah Wilkins, and 
 many others. The United States naval officers. Then 
 came the first division Military and Naval, Capt. Jas. E. 
 King, Marshal. Second Division, civic organizations, Braxton 
 B. Smitli. Marshal, including the Improved Order of Red Men 
 and the Junior Order of American Mechanics. Third Division, 
 labor organizations, E. M. Birrell. IMarshal. Wasliington 
 Branch of Pattern Makers Leag:ue, with float from the Navy 
 Yard, over three hundred men in line. Columbian Lodge 174 
 I. A. M., two hundred men in line. Alexandria glass-blowers. 
 Fourth Division. Fire Department, Richard M. L:itham, Mar- 
 slial and aids; Veteran Associations of Baltimore and Wash- 
 ington; Washington Fire Department, .A.lexandria Fire 
 Department. 
 
 Fifth Division, industrial. Chas. B. Paflf, Marshal and aids. 
 Numerous magnificent floats and displays. 
 
 In summing up the event. "The Washington Post" of the 
 13th says: 
 
 "The line of march was one solid mass of shouting, cheer- 
 ing, and rejoicing humanity, waving flags, banners, hats, and 
 canes, and giving unlimited expression to their feelings of joy. 
 Cheer after cheer pierced the air as troop after troop of soldiers 
 passed, and the marines and sailors came in for lusty and long 
 
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 3 0'< O 
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 T ' -.00 
 
 f» o £ -»Er 
 
 ST —ft* '♦ 
 
 ° = ° 2. 
 
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rounds of applause, while praise was lib- 
 erally bestowed upon the various civic or- 
 ganizations. From the street, from win- 
 (lows, and housetops, the citizens viewed 
 the brilliant pageant and endorsed it as the 
 greatest spectacular exhibition which the 
 old town had ever attempted. 
 
 "At Washington and Prince streets the 
 procession passed through tlie grand court 
 of honor, and beneath the shadow of the 
 Confederate Monument. Tall and stately 
 columns arose on either siile of the two 
 streets, and these were gaily decorated 
 with a profusion of flags, red, white, and 
 blue bunting, and appropriate draperies. 
 Each passing organization gave its salute 
 to the mute hgure t3'pical of the vanquished 
 soldier. The pedestal of the monument 
 was draped in the national colors, while 
 from the arches which surrounded it float- 
 ed tile emblem of the reunitel country. 
 
 NIGHT PARADE. 
 
 "The parade formed on Fairfax and 
 King streets at 7.30; inoved from Fairfax to 
 Queen, to Royal, to King, to Washington, 
 to Oronoco, and counter-marched to Cam 
 eron, to Alfred, to King, to Paine, to Prince, 
 to Washington, to Franklin; counter- 
 marched to Wolfe, to St. Asaph, to Duke, 
 to Pitt, to Prince, to Fairfax, to Duke, to 
 Royal, and disbanded . Capt. Jas. E. 
 King, Marshal, Alexandria Light Infantry, 
 300 masqueraders." 
 
 "The Baltimore Sun" of the 
 
 14 liistorical floats. 
 
 13th says: 
 
 "All the climes of the earth seem to have contributed to the 
 grotesque company. 
 
 "The finest spectacle of the line came next, the Ancient Or- 
 der of Hibernians, headed by a float showing George Washington 
 and his Irish aide, Colonel Fitzgerald, Mayor of Alexandria in 
 1787. Each Hibernian in line carried a fairy lamp and the streets 
 
 glittered with light as they moved. Floats 
 followed, illustrating the history of Alexan 
 dria from the Indian Conquest, Wasliington 
 laying out Alexandria, the old Washington 
 school-house, endowed by him, Alexandria's 
 reception to Lafayette, etc. 
 
 The Alexandria Gazette said: 
 
 "Each organization in line presented a 
 most creditable appearance. Nothing 
 seemed to have been left undone which 
 could in the least have added to the interest 
 of the occasion." 
 
 I reproduce a few cuts from the His- 
 tory of the Sesqui-Centennial Book, pub- 
 lished in i8qg, to show something of the 
 great gathering that was held in our City, 
 two of them being scenes taken from the 
 parade as it passed down King street, and 
 three others being cartoons taken from 
 "The Alexandria Gazette," "The Washing- 
 ton Post," and "The Wasliington Evening 
 Star;" all of tliem showing the great ap- 
 preciation in which our old city was held by 
 these leading papers on the day when she 
 celebrated her 150th anniversary. 
 
 Two other cuts are shown, Swann 
 Brothers' new building, in full decoration, 
 and Mr. Desmond's float, as it appeared in 
 the parade; only Mr. Desmond was in the 
 driver's seat instead of the corner. 
 
 The close of the "Sesqui" brought 
 HOPE to the people of the Old City, and at once there be- 
 gan a systematic effort to UNITE, and the result was a natural 
 one, for unity brings strength and success. 
 
 Enough has been said of this event and its results and we 
 will now turn vi'ith HOPE and Satisfaction to Industrial Pro- 
 gression of the good city that in time is destined to be on« of the 
 greatest industrial centers of the Union, not alone because of its 
 natural advantages, but because of its proximity to Washington, 
 and to the former residence of the great man whose name that 
 city bears. 
 
 l\-ira(K-, Killer and Pitl Streets. 
 
BELLE PRE 
 BOTTLE COMPANY. 
 
 Industrial Alexandria. 
 
 The Belle Pre Bottle 
 Company, established 1903, 
 is omcered as follows: Ed- 
 win L. C. Cockrell. Presi- 
 dent: F. R. Horner. Vice- 
 President; E. A. Thompson, 
 Secretary-Treasurer, and C. 
 S. Bassett, Manager. The 
 Belle Pre is the largest 
 milk bottle factory in the 
 world, and is devoted exclu- 
 sively to the manufacture of 
 milk bottles. The plant 
 covers over six acres and 
 produces i, coo. 000 bottles 
 monthly, employing 250 men. 
 They also sell all kinds of 
 d.iiry and creamery sup- 
 plies, and reouire over 3.- 
 000,000 feet o( lumber year- 
 ly to box their output, to 
 produce which they operate 
 two saw mills. 
 
 Industrial Alexandria— LARGEST MILK BOTTLE FACTORY IN THE WORLD. 
 
Corporation of Alexandria 
 
 OFFICIALS, 1307.— Mayor. Fred. J. Faff; Auditor, E. F. Price, Cor- 
 poration Attorney, bamuel P. Fisher; Treasurer, Thos. W. Robinson; Col- 
 lector of Taxes, P. F. Gorman; Police Justice, Harry B. Caton ; Commissioner 
 of Revenue, Chas. H. Callahan; Clerk of Gas, John B. Waller; Superintendent 
 of Gas, F. M. Latham; Superintendent of Schools, K. Kemper; Chief of Police, 
 Charles T. Goods; Clerk of Council, D. R. Stansbury ; Clerk Board of Alder- 
 men, L. H. Thompson; Janitor of Municipal Building, W. L. Craven; Mes- 
 senger, J. B. Laphan; Keeper of the Poor House, Wm. M. Smith; Chief 
 Fire Department, Geo. W. Petty. 
 
 Fred Birrill, Robert Monroe; Fourth Ward, L. E. Uhler, Frank C. Spinks, 
 Jr.. Chas. B. Marshall, and Frank T. Evans, the latter gentleman being the 
 only Republican connected with the City Government. 
 
 We regret being unable to secure portraits of all the members of Council. 
 
 THE COURTS. Circuit, Judge L. C. Barley Acting; N. S. Greenaway, 
 Clerk. Corporation, Judge L. C. Barley; N. S. Greenaway, Clerk; S. G. 
 Brent, Commonvi'ealth's Attorney; Robt, H, Cox, City Sergeant. United 
 States Circuit and District Courts, Judge, Edmund Waddill ; R. P. Garnett, 
 Clerk. 
 
 Residence of Frank M. Hill 
 
 THE CITY COUNCIL is composed of two Boards, The Aldermen and 
 Council ; J. R. N. Curtin is President of the Aldermen, and Hubert Snowden 
 President of Council. The Aldermen is composed of two members from each 
 ward and Council of four, as follows: Aldermen. First Ward, J. M. Hill, Jacob 
 Brill; Second Ward, Frank F. Marbury, W. W. Ballenger; Third Ward, J. 
 R. N. Curtin. H. K. Field ; Fourth Ward, W. H. Sweeney and C. J. W. Sum- 
 mers. (See illustration.) 
 
 Council, First Ward, Hubert Snowden, H. R. Burke, T. L. Rishjel. Ed. S. 
 Leadbeater; Second Ward, Henrv Baader, Henry Straus. Louis W. Brill. 
 Julian Y. Williams; Third Ward, W. H. Helmuth. John T. Harrison, J. 
 
 Residence of Alderman Jacob Brill 
 
 SCHOOL BOARD— Herbert Bryant, Chairman; Hubert Snowden, Clerk; 
 K. Kemper, Superintendent. 
 
 THE FIRE DEPARTMENT consists of a Board of Fire Wardens, one 
 from each Ward, and the Chief. The City owns three first class steam 
 engines, and has two volunteer fire companies and a hook and ladder company. 
 (See illustrations.) 
 
 THE FRIENDSHIP FIRE COMPANY is a veteran organization, with 
 ex-Mayor E- E- Downham at its head. It owns its old engine, which is one of 
 the curiosities of the City. Washington belonged to this company. The De- 
 partment is one of the best in the State, and with the r ^ceptions of the en- 
 
pincers and drivers, is purely volunteer. Wardens, Wm. H. Melchior, H. A. 
 Downham, M. L. Rishicl and Courtney Acton. 
 
 I present illustrations of each of our tire engines, manned and starting 
 from their engine houses. All of the houses being the property of the city, 
 as well as the apparatus, excepting that of the Old Friendship. 
 
 beater; Engineer. Noble T. Smith; Engine Driver, Henry Posey; tlose Cart 
 Driver, Stephen Tavlor. 
 
 RELIEF HOOK AND LADDER CO.— Organized 1867. Officers, J. H. 
 Trimyer, President; Claud L. Pickens. I'irst Vice-President; J. B. Griffin. Sec- 
 ond Vice-President; Wm. A. Jolly, Secretary; Geo. Ward, Recorder; G. M. 
 
 German I^utheran Church 
 
 Christ Church Parsonagre 
 
 Fonuer home of "Lieht Horse Harry" and 
 
 his son Robt. E. Lee, 
 
 RELIANCE STEAM FIRE CO.^ No. 5.— President, L. E. Uhler; First 
 Vice-President, Thos. W. Robinson; Second Vice-President, J. R. N. Curtin ; 
 Secretary Frank Pollard ; Treasurer, W. II. Bontz, Jr. ; Engineer, Wm. H. 
 Hontz ; Engine Driver. Julian Ballenger ; Hose Cart Driver, Andrew Sullivan. 
 
 COLUMBIA STEAM FIRE CO.— President, Wm. A. Smoot ; First Vice- 
 President, George Uhler; Second Vice-President, Wm. H. Griffith* Secretary, 
 N. Trcakle; Assistant Secretary, Charles Herbert; Treasurer, John Lcad- 
 
 Mycrs, Treasurer; R. M. Latham, Captain; John E. Clapdore, Driver. 
 
 It will be seen that among the officers of our Fire Companies that there 
 are to be found the best men in the city, showing that no matter how rich, 
 how prosperous, how exalted in politics or business, that the lesson taught by 
 WASHINGTON on that December morning, just before his death, has never 
 been forgotteuj and that our best citizens understand full well that the DUTY 
 of the citizen is to take part in "times like this," viz. : Fire. 
 
 
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 ISOuth\front 
 
 • 
 
 
 — 
 
 BIkUSEYE VIEW OK KIVER FKONT FROM KING STREET SOUTH. 
 
Residential Alexandria. 
 
 THE CITY OF ALEXANDRIA presents rare attractions as a resi- 
 dential city. It is one of the healthiest in the United States. 
 The water is excellent, rents reasonable and the society cannot 
 be excelled in the world. 
 As a home for persons of small means there is no town in 
 the l^^nited States, with its proximity to a great and magnificent 
 city like the Capital of the Nation, where any person can live 
 as reasonably. Persons wishing to own their own homes can 
 do so by making a small cash payment and then, with the aid of the various 
 Building Associations (which will be found ready to lend a helping hand to 
 those worthy of such assistance), by small monthly payments, not exceeding 
 a reasonable rent, in a few years they can own their homes. 
 
 The three main questions asked in regard to a location are: What is its 
 Health, its Water, and its Social and Educational conditions. To all of 
 these questions Alexandria can render satisfactory answers. 
 
 Its \^'ater cannot be surpassed for sweetness and purity. Its Health com- 
 pares favorably with any town of its size. Its Society is of the best char- 
 acter. Its Churches and Schools are unsurpassed by any city in Virginia, 
 and that says much. Its proximity to Washington City gives double advant- 
 ages from an educational standpoint, as well as affording ample means of 
 recreation along all lines, from a view of Congress to the Zoo. The water is 
 protected for all time by the fact that the Water Company have recently 
 purchased large tracts of land on their water shed In Fairfax County, thus 
 preserving the purity of their water. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 
 
 In the beginning the people of this locality were believers in Schools, as 
 is proven by the fact that only NINE YEARS after the hamlet of Belhaven 
 was founded, that in 1739 a school was started, and from that date to the 
 present, Alexandria has ever been in the lead as a centre of culture and 
 education. In 1785 the old I.ancasterian School-house was built. In 18 17 
 the New School -house, endowed by W^^shin,gton, was built and the corner- 
 stone laid with Masonic honors by Alexandria- Washing ton Lodge, No. 22 
 (p. 8). 
 
 The private Schools of Alexandria have always been noted for their 
 excellence. That of Benjamin Hallo well having a world-wide reputation. 
 While ill a great measure these old schools Inve piven way to the mod' r n 
 
 COLROSS MANSION, a splendid Colonial building occupying a square, 
 
 with garden and grounds. Home of Capt. William A. Smoot, 
 
 built 1799 by Jonathan Swift, sold to Lee Massie Alexander, 
 
 then to Judge John Thompson Mason, in 1837, and sold 
 
 by his heirs in 1884 to the present owner, who^e 
 
 vie is a great grand-daughter of Alexaiv^cr- 
 
 ■.s,^P^..'-. 
 
 — -'4\g ^^^ .j,^ V ^J'^'-s-..'^ :: ■ -" K^^^'4z'^^f^^7:J^'^- 
 
 
 NORTH FRONT 
 
 BIRDSEYE VIEW OF RIVER FRONT FROM KING STREET NORTH. 
 
Home of C. C. Lcadbcater, President E. S. Leadbeater & Sons, Inc 
 
 on Washington Street. Former home of General M. D. Course, of 
 
 Picket's Division and Captain Mexican War Company, from 
 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Residence of Mr. Ed. L. Daingerfield. President Citizens National Bank. 
 V/ashington and Duke Streets. 
 
 Councilman's Frank C. Spinks Home, 1448 Duke Street. Hon. Park Agncw's Home. South St. Asaph Street. 
 
 Residential Alexandria— FOUR PINE RESIDENCES OWNED BY LEADING AND PROGRESSIVE MEN. 
 
Free Schools, still there exists first class private institutions in and near our 
 City, notably the Old Hallowell School, conducted by Prof. Blackburn, for 
 Boys ; St. Mary's Academy for Girls ; the Parochial School of St. Mary's 
 Church, conducted by the Sisters of the Holy Cross (see illustration) ; the 
 Episcopal High School, the Theological Seminary, the Kindergarten, and 
 several other smaller schools, all excellent. 
 
 Under the former and present State Constitution twenty per cent of all 
 taxes assessed and collected has to be devoted to the School Fund, and in ad- 
 dition, under the New Constitution, all of the poll tax ($1.50 for each voter) 
 has to be used for School purposes. For the School year 1905-6, $21,798.02 
 
 pleasure to present our readers with a view of the old Lancasterian School 
 and of the present day Washington School. Also the Lee School for Girls, 
 and a couple of Colored Schools, all of which are conducted under the Free 
 School System of Alexandria. St. Mary's Academy, conducted by the Sisters 
 of the Holy Cross, is one of the institutions of our City. The Sisters have 
 secured a most admirable location on Prince and Columbus streets, upon 
 which they have erected a beautiful and up-to-date school building, which we 
 have no doubt is equal to any other institution of its kind in the world. 
 
 On Seminary Hill is the Episcopal High School, conducted by Prof. L. 
 M. Blankford, which is one of the most advanced institutions for the educa- 
 
 Judge J. K. M. Nui ton's Kcsiuciicc, Piuite and VVa:,!!- Residi 
 
 ington Streets, decorated for the "Sesqui." 
 
 was expended by the Board; 1,852 children were taught, 658 of which were 
 negroes. Twenty-four white and twelve colored teachers were employed. 
 
 During his life General Washington contributed 50 pounds annually to 
 the support of the Lancasterian School and in his will donated $4,000 for the 
 same purpose. Mis. Washington followed her illustrious husband's example, 
 and left a legacy for a Girls School, from which has arisen The Lee Girls' 
 School. 
 
 In speaking of distinguished educators of Alexandria it would be an in- 
 justice not to mention among them J. King Shay, K. Kemper, Father Richard 
 L- Carne, Miss Garbcr, Mr. and Miss Powell, Miss Roach and among those 
 of the present day. Professor Ficklin, of Washington School. It affords us 
 
 : Aidcrman j. M. 
 Prince Street. 
 
 Hill, Col. Wagar's "Colonial Flats," old 
 
 St. Mary's modernized. North 
 Fairfax Street. 
 
 tion of youn^ men in the United States, and at the same place is located the 
 Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church. 
 
 The Episcopal High School, foundL-d in 1839, is, with one exception, the 
 oldest school for boys under the auspices of the Episcopal Church in the 
 United States. Its head masters previous to 1861 were the Revs. Wm. N. 
 Pendleton, E. A. Dalrymple, and ). P. McGuire. It was closed from 1S61 
 to 1S66, when the Rev. W. F. Gardner took charge. He was succeeded in 
 1870 by Dr. L. M. Blackford, M. A., the present Principal. The school has 
 long been one of the most successful in Virginia. 
 
 Thus it can be seen that parties desiring a place of residence can find no 
 location in the United States that could possibly excel Alexandria. 
 
Charles J. Goodfellow, Managef. 
 
 Fergus McCuskcr, Ass't Manager. 
 
 Dance Pavilion and Roller Rink. 
 
 The Lagoon from Chute Tower and Maryland in the Distance. 
 
 VIEWS FROM LUNA PARK. ALEXANDRIA CO.. VIRGINIA. 
 A Virginia Resort of Relaxation, Fun and Joy for the Nation's Capital, Alexandria and Visitors. 
 
Industrial 
 
 Alexandria came out of the war 
 owing a very large debt, contracted 
 by assisting in building the railroads 
 leading into the city and for the Al 
 exandria and the Chesapeake & Ohio 
 Canals. The stock in the Orange and 
 Alexandria Railroad was sold to the 
 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for 
 fioo.ooo. This, together with a few 
 icres of land realized from the Alex- 
 andria Canal, was about all that 
 Alexandria had to show for her in- 
 vestment. The money received from 
 the B. & O. was devoted to rebuilding 
 the Market House, after the fire of 
 '"/I," and the rental was turned over 
 to the Commissioners of the 
 Sinking fund, to be devoted to 
 the liquidation of the city's in- 
 debtedness. 
 
 In 1902 a bond issue was 
 authorized by vote of the peo- 
 ple for $50,000 to improve the 
 streets. $20,000 of this was 
 loaned the Gas Works to re- 
 build, and to relay the worn out 
 mains. Including this debt, the 
 Auditor's report for 1906 shows 
 a total bonded indebtedness of 
 $8.t4,8oo. Since that time, $35, 
 000 of the indebtedness has been 
 liquidated by payment and can- 
 celation of bonds, making a total 
 net indebtedness of the city 
 $809,800 against which the Aud- 
 itor's, in his report, claims the 
 following assets: 
 
 City Gas Works $180,000 
 
 Market House 60,000 
 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Alexandria Gas Works. 
 
 Peabody School Bldg 14,000 
 
 Wasliington School Bldg.... 12,000 
 
 Friendship Engine House.... 10,000 
 
 Columbia Engine House 5,000 
 
 Royal St. Engine House 1,000 
 
 Reliance Co. Engine House.. 5,000 
 
 Relief Truck House 2,000 
 
 City Jail 7,000 
 
 Fish Wharf 10.000 
 
 Canal Lot 8,000 
 
 Poor House 8,000 
 
 Com'r Sinking Fund 9,200 
 
 Making a total of $322,200, which 
 would show apparently liabilities 
 over assets of $487,600. This appar- 
 ent showing while creditable to 
 the conservatism of the city 
 authorities, is really unjust to 
 the city of Alexandria. The in- 
 terest paid by the city is only 
 3 per cent, and the rental re- 
 ceived from the market house 
 for the year ending June i, 
 1906. was $3,373.12, which capi- 
 talized at 3 per cent would 
 sliow the market house to be 
 worth $109,104, instead of $60,- 
 000, as sliown by the Auditor's 
 report. In addition to this, 
 the Court House and Council 
 Chamber, State and city of- 
 ficials, police department, to- 
 gether with the jail and police 
 court room, are all housed in 
 the same building. It will, 
 llierefore, be seen by this that 
 the property is worth over 
 $100,000. Again, turning to the 
 value of Gas Works, estimated 
 
WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA AND MT. VERNON RAILROAD. 
 
 C. P. King. 
 
 Presidcnt- 
 
 H. H. Pearson. 
 
 Vice-President. 
 
 J. W. Pitlock, 
 
 Sec'y and Treas. 
 
 Jos. Colvin, 
 
 Supt. 
 
 Transported 
 during igo5, i.- 
 743.734 . passen- 
 gers between 
 Washington and 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Runs 92 trains 
 daily, both ways. 
 between the two 
 
 cities. 
 
 must. A MILE RUN\ 
 
 Alexandria County Power House, Four-Mile Run, and Car Yard. 
 Extra power house at New Alexandria, Fairfax County. 
 
 Only Electric Road to Mt. Vernon and Alexandria from Washington. 
 
by the Auditor at $l8o,- 
 000, it will be found from 
 the report from the 
 Clerk of Gas that the to- 
 tal cost of tlie works is 
 $189,789.89. The city, 
 (luring the fiscal year, 
 consumed in public 
 schools, h o s p it a 1 s, 
 churches, street lamps, 
 armory, engine houses, 
 library, etc., $7,373. 80 
 worth of gas, allowing ,1 
 discount of $.10 per i.ood 
 feet. During tlie fiscal 
 year the Gas Works not 
 only paid their own ex- 
 penses and donated to 
 the city the above, but 
 added to construction 
 $4,420.00, and transferred 
 to the general fund of 
 the city $10,000 in cash, 
 and had a balance of 
 $378.92 to their credit. 
 The report of Expert 
 Examiner James Bayne, 
 shows all the value of 
 [he Gas Works, as shown 
 by the net earnings, cal- 
 culated at 6 per cent., 
 upon the valuations to 
 be $428,762.83. In addi- 
 tion to this the school 
 and engine property and 
 the engines themselves, 
 which belong to the city, 
 are unvalued by the re- 
 port. I am thoroughly 
 convinced that the prop- 
 erty belonging to the 
 city, if sold, would wipe 
 out the entire indebted- 
 ness. 
 
 A.\elandria Gazette. estabUsbed 17SK. Hubert Siiowden, Editor. 
 
 Property values are 
 increasing, and the net 
 revenue of the city is 
 being added to every 
 year, while permanent 
 improvements of streets 
 and sewers are being 
 done steadily and con- 
 servatively, yet rapidly. 
 
 Alexandria Newspapers. 
 
 Alexandria has one 
 daily, ''The Gazette," and 
 one weekly, "The Sun- 
 day Times," and two 
 weekly papers, owned 
 and edited by colored 
 men. 
 
 The Alexandria "Ga- 
 ette," as shown by the 
 court records of this 
 city, was published as 
 early as 1784, when the 
 Court directed that an 
 order of publication be 
 published therein It is 
 believed that Mr. Samuel 
 Snowden was among the 
 original founders of the 
 paper. In the year 1800, 
 he purchased the inter- 
 ests of all other persons, 
 and from that time to 
 the present the paper 
 has been published con- 
 tinuously by himself and 
 his descendants. He was 
 succeeded in the early 
 part of the 19th century 
 by his son, the late Ed- 
 gar Snowden, who was 
 succeeded by his son 
 Edgar Snowden, who 
 
was succeeded in turn by his brother, Dr. Harold Snowden, and he 
 was succeeded by the present editor, another brother, Hubert 
 Snowden. The "Gazette" is probably the oldest paper in the 
 South. 
 
 The Alexandria "Sunday Times" is a successor of the "Daily 
 Times." and was established in 1890. It was published by sev- 
 eral parties, but since 1899 it has been continuously edited by its 
 present owner. 
 
 R. E. Knight. 
 
 _ ::.'j :.c\\ Sljiioncry, Toy. and Souvcmt blgicb, 
 Nos. 621-3-5 Kiiig Street. 
 
 WASHINGTON MONUMENT ASSOCIATION -In presenting the pic- 
 ture (sec cover) of ihe proposed Monument to Washington as a Citizen, refer- 
 ence is made to the statement that precedes this showing the date and pur- 
 pose of the organization. As many patriotic people, from all parts of the world, 
 will doubtless read this book, it is not out of place to ask their assistance in 
 erecting this, the only monument to Washington as a Citizen in his home 
 town. As a matter of course, Alexandria, unaided, cannot build this Monu- 
 ment; and the patriotic sentiment of our countrymen would not be willing 
 that the old city should, alone, do this patriotic work were it able. The Fed- 
 eral Congress has recognized that the matter is National in character and 
 importance, and has passed a bill which has been approved by President Roose- 
 velt, that entitles the Association erecting this great work to 200,000 medal- 
 lions cast in bronze, at the Philadelphia Mint, which medallions are repro- 
 duced in our drawing. They show the four sides of the pedestal to the 
 Monument, each presenting Washington in a civic capacity, a capacity in 
 which every American most admires the real Washington. These medallions 
 are true works of art, the best ever produced from the Philadelphia Mint, an 
 institution noted for its magnificent work. Each medallion has to pass through 
 sixteen hands, and over a half-dozen fires; each cost Uncle Sam more than the 
 .Association charges for them. Every citizen and every foreigner who admires 
 the great Washington should contribute their "mite" toward this Monument 
 to Washington the Citizen. The medallions can be had for S^oo for a set of 
 five, showing the Head (which is on all), and the four sides of the pedestal as 
 proposed, representing Washington as a Mason, Master of the Old Lodge; as 
 a Fireman, a member of Friendship Co.; as a Surveyor, locating the Great 
 Northwest, and laying out (as a boy) Alexandria, and last, but by no means 
 least, as the Greatest Farmer of his day. Such is the Washington that the 
 people of his home town desire to commemorate, and ask the people of the 
 I'nion that he helped found to aid them in doing it in a manner commensur- 
 ate with the man they wish to honor. Nor do they ask this without contrib- 
 uting something in exchange for, for every dime contributed they propose 
 giving a quid pro quo in the shape of one or more of the splendid Wash- 
 ington Memorial Souvenirs, one of the medallions, the only souvenir that has 
 been authorized by Congress. These medallions can he had at this office, or 
 the Souvenir stands of Alexandria or Washington, at \\'ashington Lodge Room, 
 or from the Washington Monument Association, Alexandria, Va., at the low 
 price of 50 cents, or five for $2.00. 
 
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce was organized 
 October, 1906, with the following officers: Presi- 
 dent, VV. A. Smoot, Jr. ; Vice-President, J. T. John- 
 son ; Secretary and Treasurer, J. T. Preston. 
 The organization meets monthly on the second 
 Thursday. The Executive Committee is com- 
 posed of A. D. Brocket!, G. S. French, F. S. 
 Harper, G. D. Hopkins, and M. F. King. The 
 Board of Directors is compostd of the above 
 gentlemen and Messrs. John Leadbeater, T. C. 
 bmith, K. Bendheim, Chas. King, W. A. Smoot, 
 Tr., Julian V. Williams, Harry Hammond, J. M. 
 Tlill, J. T. Johnson. H. Kirk. Jr., and VVm. B. 
 Smoot. It has been actively at work since its 
 organization and has done much to advance the 
 progressive movement in the city and aided male- 
 rially in securing several factories and in inter- 
 esting others in locating here. 
 
 It would have been almost impossible for any 
 one man or for any one organization to have se- 
 cured the entire confidence of any community in 
 the short space intervening between last Octo- 
 ber and the present time, so thoroughly as to 
 have gotten all of the varied business interests 
 to have placed in their hands confidential figures 
 and facts concerning their individual business, and 
 Secretary Preston is to be congratulated upon 
 the following showing of figures that he has 
 kindly afforded us the opportunity of extracting 
 from. 
 
 Summary of Business in Alexandria for igo6. 
 
 These figures are by no means complete as 
 numerous firms and companies failed to respond 
 to the Secretary's request for information, and 
 others stated that they only sent approximate 
 figures. The totals are, therefore, I believe. 
 Ml CII below the real business done, but the 
 showing is most creditable to Alexandria. While 
 a number of reports are lacking the industries 
 reported show the following: 
 
 Capital invested $3,401,080.00 
 
 Business done, igo6 12,476,605.00 
 
 Number of men employed 2,072 
 
 Women employed 240 
 
 Boys 29t 
 
 Girls 79 
 
 It will be seen that Alexandria is not much given to employing child-labor 
 and that few of its women have to do men*s work. The amount of wages paid 
 
 United States Government Building, Post-Office and Court House. Thos. Burroughs, Post Master. 
 
 was $1,226,958. Thus showing an annual average of $457.47 for each man, wo- 
 man and child employed, or a wage rate of over $38.00 per capita per month. 
 
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Wholesale and Retail Hardware — W. E. BAIN. King and Royal, does 
 an extensive business both in the city, county, and Washington. 
 
 Wholesale Grocers— H. KIRK. JR. & SON. Union and Strand, do 
 a large and flourishing business. 
 
 Wholesale Grocer— FRANK H. HARPER. King and Union Streets, 
 does a very large trade in the counties, Maryland and the District of 
 Columbia. Keeps constantly a large number of men and teams. 
 
 Industrial Alexandria— WHOLESALE HOUSES. 
 
 Wholesale Groccrs~N. LINDSAY & CO.. King and Union Streets, 
 Jas. M. Willis, manager, are constantly increasing their large trade. 
 Four Leading Business Houses in Grocery and Hardware. 
 
Alexandria Harbor. 
 
 Receipts, 190,661 tons Value, $1,890,545.00 
 
 Shipments, 87,768 tons Value, 1,226,106.00 
 
 278,429 tons Value 2, 1 1 6,65 1.00 
 
 During 1906, the six steam lines, including the ferry, running into Alex- 
 andria, made 8,462 calls at the port. Steam vessels reported as follows: 
 Drawing over 16 feet, 334; 10 to 16 feet, 6,182; less than 10 feet, 4.552; sail- 
 ing vessels, 16 or more feet, 91; 10 to 16 feet, 77; less than 10 feet, 69S. 
 Harges. etc., 539, or a total or 12,473. 
 
 Passengers Carried — Over Washington, Alexandria and Mount Vernon 
 Electric Road, 1,784,617. River report, 504,975. From Union Station, 
 
 ■ I NG l.'ON. A]t.x.incir ia County, in fu!I view of Electric Railroad. 
 
 ,„.„_'.. 1 i,.^_ Au: 1 ),i 1... /- 1 Ai i-_ ._ 1 
 
 '\ i jttvji'wi'*, .■v:t.j\.iiuii Id \_uuniy. in iu;i view or jiicctnc Kaiiroaa. Birthplace of Nellie Custis, Mrs. 
 Wn: hinf;ton's liriUKhtcr. Abingdon wns sold by Gerard Alexander to, Park Custis (the first husband of 
 Mrs. Washington), who built the old house. General Washington^^opted Nellie Custis and raised her 
 as his daughter. 
 
 A LEADING RETAIL DRUG- 
 GIST. 
 Alexandria Druggists are enter- 
 prizing and wide-awake; do a good 
 business and make money. We 
 present the store of Mr. Claude M. 
 Lcnnon, one of the most active and 
 pushing of Alexandria's young 
 business men. In addition to his 
 large retail trade he manufactures 
 a number of fine proprietary for- 
 mulas at No. 604 King Street. 
 
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Banking Facilities 
 
 OXK OF THE MOST IMPORTANT matters to be 
 lonsidered by a business man, in selecting a locat- 
 ion to do business, is what are the opportunities 
 for financial accommodation. In answering this 
 question, so far as Alexandria is concerned, we take 
 pleasure in stating that the banking facilities of the city are not 
 only ample, but that no worthy man need hesitate to start here 
 on this account. Our banks have ample capital and are 
 most liberal in the way of accommodation. We have in the 
 past few years added two large in.stitutions of this character, 
 and two splendid banking houses have been erected and two 
 others have been remodeled and fitted up in the most ap- 
 proved modern pattern. We give illustrations of all and a 
 statement of their con<lilion at the last report. 
 
 The First National 
 
 The First National, as its name iiulicates, is the ohle.st 
 National bank in the city, and among the oldest in the 
 country. The late Lewis McKenzie was its first President, 
 and Mr. Chas. R. Hooff its first Cashier, which position he held 
 for many years, until elected President, a few years since. 
 He has not only been continuously connected with the First 
 National, from its foundation, but was and is one of the 
 leading financiers of the State. 
 
 The officers of the Bank are Chas. R. Ilooff, President ; 
 J.is. F. Muir, Vice-President; George IC. Warfield, Cashier. 
 The President ami Vice-President, together with Messrs. 
 M. B. Harlow, Gardner L- Boothe, and B. Bear, Jr., are the 
 Directors. The report for March, 1907, shows the Bank 
 to have a capital of §100,000, surplus and net profits, 
 5170,035.05; circulation, $100,000; deposits, 5663,146.70. 
 Deposits, >51,799.72, and other liabilities of 53,049.54, or a 
 total of ,51, OSS, 031. 01, with assets to offset as follows : Loans 
 and discounts, S705,721.S4 ; U. S. Bonds, 5152,000 ; premium 
 on l)onds, 53,0<>0; banking liou.se (see illustration) 510,000; 
 cash and reserve, 5212,3fi9.17 ; five per cent redemption, 
 55,000. Total of 51.088, 31.01. This bank has withstood 
 RVERY PANIC and has aided its customers to withstand 
 theirs. 
 
 i,..:.].. Lc 
 
The Citizens National Bank 
 
 The Citizens National Bank is one of the oldest banks 
 in the city and its new bank building on King and St. 
 Asaph Streets, proves 
 that it is a modern, 
 as well as a safe in- 
 stitution. Speaking 
 of safes, the safety- 
 deposit vaults of this 
 bank are wonders in 
 their way ; and not 
 only artistic, but per- 
 fectly safe ; they were 
 manufactured by the 
 York Safe Company. 
 On May 2 0th 
 the bank reports 
 
 Citizens National Bank. King and St. Asaph Streets. 
 
 showed that the capital of this institution was $100,000 ; 
 surplus, $100,000, and deposits, $600,000. The officers 
 are Ed. L. Daingerfield, President; W. H. Lambert, 
 
 and Carroll Pierce, 
 \' i c e - P r e s i d e n t s ; 
 Robt. M. Green, 
 Cashier: E. E. Payne, 
 Ass't Cashier. The 
 Directors are Ed- 
 ward L. Daingerfield, 
 W . H. Lambert, 
 Worth Hulfish, M. 
 A. Ahearn, and Car- 
 roll Pierce. The Sav- 
 ings Department 
 pays interest at 3 
 jier cent on deposits. 
 
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JHexandria 
 
 National 
 
 Bank 
 
 Alexandria National Bank, King and 
 Royal streets. Its motto is 
 
 "Judge a bank by 
 the men back of it. " 
 
 Its officers are : 
 
 Judge Clias. E. Nichol, President 
 
 Wm. B. Snioot 
 
 Russell Smith, and 
 
 John A. Marshall, Vice-Presiilents 
 
 T. C. Smith, Cashier, who, with 
 
 W. A. Smoot 
 
 J. W. Roberts 
 
 A. H. Rector 
 
 W. A. Smoot, Jr. 
 
 R. Iv. Cockerell 
 
 C. C. Carlin 
 
 P. F. Gorman 
 
 Lewis P. Summers 
 
 \V. S. Andrews, and 
 
 Kd. Ci. Portner, form its Directors. 
 
 This isa new Bank, but its success is proven 
 by the following : 
 
 It began business March 9, 1904. 
 C0MPAR.A.TIVE Growth in DiiPo.siT,s 
 aiay 20th, 1904 . . . ,5113,018.65 
 May 20th, 1905 . . . 249.645.55 
 May 20tli, 1906 . . . 308,339.04 
 May 20th, 1907 . . . 442,113.48 
 
Burke S^ Herbert. 
 
 The Banking Hdusc of Burke & Herbert do a general banking business, 
 receiving deposits SUBJECT TO CHECK AT SIGHT, AND NONE HAVE 
 EVER BEEN TURNED DOWN. Do a discount and general Bank Loan Busi- 
 ness. Collect all domestic and foreign business. Mr. John W. Burke is head 
 of the firm. It invites all accounts and accommodates its customers. 
 
 Splendid modern residence ol Captain 
 
 Herbert Bryant, North Washington 
 
 Street. 
 
 E. GOLDSMITH. Outfitter. King and Lee streets, 
 does a larKe and extensive wholcs.ile and retail business in 
 this line outside as well as in the city. 
 
''^""^'''^'''""^Wawu^^ i'r'j^PSifissmtmfi^ 
 
 MERCANTILE RAILWAY BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION — 
 Lewis HooEf, Secretary and General Manager, Prince and Fairfax streets. 
 
 THE NEW HOTEL RAMMEL. conducted by Messrs. Ernest and Wil- 
 liam Rammel, two young men raised to the business, who thoroughly under- 
 stand their work. 
 
ALEXANDRIA'S TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES— One. if not the 
 first question, of importance to him who seeks a business or manufacturing lo- 
 cation is that of transportation. And in this respect Alexandria comes fully 
 up to the standard both in water and Tail connection with the world at large. 
 
 The illustration Riven of the immense Potomac Yards, and of the river 
 front speak plainer than words of mine in regard to Alexandria in this re- 
 spect, were they not supplemented by the fifjures also shown. 
 
 The city is connected directly by rail with all points North, South, East 
 and West, by the following great lines of roads : The Pennsylvania, Balti- 
 more & Ohio, the Southern, three branches leading from the city (the main 
 line, the Manassas and Bluemont divisions). This road also has large work 
 
 in the neighborhood of $100,000. Hundreds of cars are loaded and unloaded 
 on Union street, and at Bluemont depot on Princess street. 
 
 Bryant Fertilizer Co.. Herbert Bryant. President; Wni. Bryant. Secretary. 
 Manufacture 1500 car loads of Fertilizer annually 
 
 shops and round houses here; the Chesapeake & Ohio, the Norfolk & Wes- 
 tern, the Washington-Southern, the Atlantic Coast Line and the Seaboard Air 
 Line. It is connected with Washington and Mt. \'ernon by the Washington, 
 Alexandria and Mt. Vernon Electric Railroad, and with Washington by Ferry. 
 Daily line of steamers, connect with Norfolk, where connections arc made 
 for all points in or out of the country. A steamer is run daily to Mount V'cr- 
 non, there are two lines to Baltimore. an<i also a special river route line. 
 Something of the immense business done on the wharf is shown in the fig- 
 ures rc(iorted. It is rcgretable that figures are not at present attainable in 
 connection with the railroad traffic. The Washington Southern and its al- 
 lied lines have built a handsome Union depot at the head of King street, which 
 can be seen in an illustration (Birdseyc view from Suter's Hill), that cost 
 
 BAKERIES — Alcxan;lri,i l.o.jst-, ot us bnkerio. I here arc 'cvcral thnt have 
 in the past and present canned a just reputation for the excellency of the "Staff of 
 Life" that they furnish, but none have gained a better or more dcE^erved reputation 
 than the CORBY BROTHERS STEAM BAKERY, who succeeded the Alexandria 
 Steam Bread Bakery, on N. Lee street. This enterprising firm have bakeries both 
 in Washington and Alexandria and do an immense busmess. It is claimed that 
 they arc the largest bread shippers in the United States. The Alexandria branch, 
 under the excellent management of Supt. Wm. Jorg. employs 25 hands and uses 
 8 teams; and has a large weekly pay roll and an annual output of 3,400,000 loaves, 
 which is larger than any city of the same size in the country. 
 
 BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES— Alexandria offers the industrious, in- 
 telligent man who understands his business, advantages that cannot be ex- 
 celled in any other city in the State. Its transportation facilities are not ex- 
 ceeded in any town in Virginia, its proximity to Washington makes it desir- 
 able for all kinds of business connected with the supplies that are needed by 
 the Government, its light Slate taxes (40 cents on the hundred), its exemption 
 
from Corporation taxes on manufactures and plants for a period of ten 
 years, its health, fine water, and moderate rents all combine to make the 
 city attractive as a place in which to live or to do business, to say nothing of 
 the historic associations that cluster around the old city. 
 
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 ij'ii i'liii'iti 
 
 ALEXANDRIA MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Trade in Alexandria, like other places, is divided into Manufactures, 
 Wholesale and Retail Business. 
 
 Manufactures comes first in the life and prosperity of a community, if for 
 no other reason, it gives employment to labor, which in turn helps to push 
 the wheels of commerce and gives employment to the wholesaler, the re- 
 tailer, the property owner and the doctor, the baker and candle-stick maker, 
 or rather to the Standard Oil Magnate. 
 
 WASHINGTON FLORIST COMPANY, Alexandria and Washington. 
 J. Louis Loose. President; Otto Bauer, Manager. This company is of 
 Alexandrian origin and has grown from small beginnings, under the man- 
 agement of the president, to large proportions. It has loo.ooo feet of 
 glass, 12 acres of ground, employs 16 men and runs two extensive estab- 
 lishments in Washington — 1707 Fourteenth street and Thirteenth and F 
 streets — and does a large wholesale as well as retail business. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS— Herbert Bry- 
 ant's Son, Mr. Arthur H. Bryant, represents some of the 
 largest Implement and Wagon firms. Deals largely in 
 Seeds and Fertilizers. 
 
 There is room for a number of enterprising men in Alexandria and they 
 will be gladly welcomed and assisted by our people, among the best fields 
 are wholesale boot and shoe, hats and caps, dry goods, notions, and all kinds 
 of manufactures. Persons with money can find profitable investment in 
 erecting small houses, flats or a large hotel. 
 
 Alexandria manufacturers are not as numerous as could be wished, but 
 those we have are successful and that means more. The city and county of 
 Alexandria offer Washington a most advantageous location for its manufac- 
 turing enterprises; m fact, it has been well said that Alexandria is the WORK- 
 SHOP of the Nation's Capital, and it will be. 
 
 In the past few years the industrial enterprises of the city have extended 
 rapidly and those that we had before have outgrown their swaddling bands. 
 
We present numerous illustrations that sustain this assertion. While it is 
 impossible to get the entire data we name a number of enterprises that would 
 be a credit to any community. 
 
 Acid Factory — One. 
 
 Agricultural Implement Houses — Four: two illustrated, H. Bryant's Son, 
 ind W. H. May & Son. 
 
 Apron Factory — One. 
 
 Bakeries — Corby Brothers, steam, see illustration, and a number of smaller 
 ones. 
 
 Boiler Works— One. 
 
 Bottling Establishments — Three (see illustration, Portner's.) 
 
 Bricks are manufactured in large miantitJes from the finest quality of 
 clay, by the Bromalaw Brick Co.. Hon. Park Agnew, President, (illustrated). 
 It may not be uninteresting to note that this industry is carried on in Alex- 
 andria county on the most extensive scale, over 78,000.000 bricks being ship- 
 ped into Washington city alone from the county. To accomplish this im- 
 mense work hundreds of hands and teams are kept constantly employed. The 
 
 Formaldehyde Generator Factory — One. 
 
 Fish Packers— Several firms are engaged in this business and no better 
 fish are found than the Potomac shad and herring. See Fishtown illus- 
 tration. 
 
 Florists — Five; doing a business approximating $75,000 annually. We show 
 portraits of four. 
 
 Foundries — Two. 
 
 Glass Works — Alexandria is fast becoming a glass factory center, start* 
 ing a few years since with one establishment, on the co-operative plan, it has 
 steadily advanced until to-day it has four extensive factories, three of which 
 make beer and other bottles, and the other milk bottles. Our illustrations of 
 two of these works show their magnitude and prove that Alexandria is not 
 behind in this character of work. 
 
 Grist and Flour Mills — Four; see illustration of Lawrence mills. First- 
 class flour and meal is made here and the mills all do well. 
 
 Iron Works — Two; one illustrated, the Alexandria Iron W^orks. Each has 
 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^S^ 
 
 
 mm.' ' - '"' 
 
 m 
 
 di;cye view from Suter's hili ; Union Station in foreground. 
 
 Capital City Telephone Co. 
 
 Bromalaw Brick works is splendidly situated on Hunting Creek, just out- 
 side of (he city limits. 
 
 Breweries— R. Portner Brewing Co., illustrated. 
 
 Brooms — One broom factory. 
 
 Cigar Factories — There are seven factories, giving employment to a large 
 number of men, at good wages, principally piece work. We present illustra- 
 tion of Hamilton & Co. 
 
 Railway and Tobacco Supply Co. — One. 
 
 Coach Factories — Two. 
 
 Druggists— The Leadf)caters manufacture largely. 
 
 Electric Plant — Alexandria has an extensive and valuable electric plant, 
 furnishing electricity for private and public uses. It cost about $150,000 and 
 has only been instituted one year. 
 
 Fertilizer Factories — Two, one illustrated, Bryant Fertilizer Co. Ship 
 about 1,500 cars annually. The city's trade in this line reaches 4,500 cars. 
 
 a machine shop connected therewith. There is also another extensive ma- 
 chine shop in the city. 
 
 Ice Factory — One, the Mutual Ice Co., see illustration. 
 
 Metal Tile Works— One. 
 
 Mattress Factory — To be built. 
 
 Planing Mills and Lumber — Four sash, door, blind, and planing mills 
 give employment to a large number of hands. Three of these firms handle 
 lumber in large quantities. See illustrations of H. K. Field & Co., and 
 Smoot & Co.'s extensive plants. 
 
 Pump Factory — One very extensive works. 
 
 Ship Yards — Two; one illustrated. 
 
 Shoe Factory — One, sec illustration PafT Shoe Factory. 
 
 Steam Laundries — One; another chartered and soon to be started. 
 
Banks — Three national, one trust company, one private bank and one sav- 
 ings bank, all illustrated. 
 
 Building and Loan Associations — Four in number ; one, the Mercantile & 
 Railway Building and Loan Association, is illustrated. Alexandria owes 
 much to its Building Associations, which have been in existence since soon 
 after the war, and have materially aided in making homes for the people. 
 With rare exceptions all of these institutions have been successful, and tlie 
 first organized is still in successful operation. Among the foremost and 
 most successful ranks the Mercantile & Railway Building & Loan Association, 
 which not only does business in this city, but in Washington and elsewhere. 
 It has been splendidly managed, and has done a business of over $2,000,000, 
 without making a loss and proudly boasts that it carries no foreclosed property 
 on its books. It has for the past few years done a savings bank business, with 
 such success that all of the city banks have adopted this system and have 
 savings departments. The officers are John P. Robinson, President, First 
 National Bank ; Treasurer, Lewis Hooff ; Secretary, General Manager, and 
 Counsel, Gardner L. Boothe, who, together with John T. Wilkins and Law- 
 rence Stabler, form the directors. 
 
 INSURANCE — Alexandria has two home companies, one that only does 
 business in Alexandria, the other that has its headquarters in the city, but is 
 
 identified with our neighboring county of Fairfax, and is purely mutual in ita 
 work. 
 
 THE ALEXANDRIA HOME FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY (Inc.). 
 
 started business in March, 1906, and has made a steady and satisfactory pro- 
 gress. It has confined its risks to the City of Alexandria exclusively, making 
 it possible to examine all property, thus excluding undesirable risks. Finan- 
 cially, the company is in excellent condition. It has no debts. Its assets con- 
 sists of bonds and cash. At the end of last year only a portion of the stock 
 issued by this company had been paid in full ; since then further payments have 
 been paid and in the immediate future the amount actually paid up in cash 
 will be about three times that of last year. This company is absolutely safe, 
 both as to its financial standing and management, and has the entire confi- 
 dence of the community, which is extending to it a steadily increasing busi- 
 ness. President, W, H. May; Secretary and Treasurer, Harrie White. Board 
 of Directors. W. H. May, J. R. N. Curtin, E. C. Graham, E. S. Leadbeater, 
 C. H. May, J. C. Milburn, C. B. Swan. Cash capital between $15,000.00 
 and $20,000.00. 
 
 INDEPENDENT MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE CO., OF FAIRFAX 
 CO., Jas. W. Roberts, President; Walter Roberts, Treasurer, and C. Lukens. 
 Secretary. Had z.737 policies in force January i, 1907. Insurance value of 
 insured property, $5,685,574, covering 2,737 risks. 
 
 BIRDSEYE VIEW OF ALEXANDRIA, SHOWING NORTHWEST SECTION, WITH BELLE PRE GLASS WORKS IN FOREGROUND. 
 
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 ALEXANDRIA'S WHOLESALE TRADE— No city of its size does 
 a larger wholesale business than Alexandria. This is due to the fact of its 
 admirable situation, its liansportation facilities, its fine back country, its abil- 
 ity to buy in bulk from first hands, and to han<lle at small cost, but not alone 
 to these is its successful trade due, but to the energetic men who control its 
 trade, to the willingness of our banks to accommodate and to active and in- 
 
 Thos. F. Fisher. 
 
 A. Oehlert. 
 
 Zora Hill, 
 
 Hon. F. J. Paff, Mayor. Ed. C. Graham. 
 
 POLICE COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 lelligcnt and popular young men who compose its travelers. Alexandria's 
 principal lines of wholesale trade arc as follows: 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERY TRADE— Alexandria docs a business of sev- 
 eral millions in the grocery line. It is admirably located for shipping and 
 receiving goods and as exjieiiscs arc not high our merchants have rare oppor- 
 tunities to meet competition. Their various warehouses, of which we show 
 three, are so located as to be able to receive directly on the railroads, and to 
 load and tmload with the smallest amount of expense. In addition to the 
 extensive back country trade, extending into North Carolina and Tennessee, 
 large amounts of goods are sold daily in Washington. 
 
THE WHOLESALE DRUG TRADE of Alexandria is extensive and tar 
 beyond that of many more pretentious cities. It is principally in the hands 
 of one of the oldest and most reliable houses in the country, and is the oldest 
 in the South, having been established in 1792 and handed down from father 
 to son in direct succession, it is now conducted as the E. S. Leadbeater & 
 Son Inc., with C. C. Leadbeater, President; E. S. Leadbeater, Vice-President, 
 and John Leadbeater, Secretary and Treasurer, all young and stirring men of 
 the highest order of business ability. They occupy two stores on King street. 
 
 a dozen travelers on the road over Virginia, West \'irginia, and North Caro- 
 lina, and do business extending to all parts of the South and some in the 
 West. They manufacture extensively a number of first class proprietory 
 medicines the formulas of none of which had to be changed under the new 
 food law. These gentlemen have numerous old letters and orders, books, etc., 
 from Mr. Custis and other prominent persons dating back to the early days 
 of the iglh Century, which they courteously show the curious. 
 
 ..vi 
 
 WASHINGTON'S HEADQUARTERS. 
 City Hotel, Royal and Cameron Streets. 
 
 and three on Fairfax street, one of the latter being the house in which the 
 business started. Their extensive warehouses occupy nearly half a square 
 of ground on Lee street and run nearly through to Union, another on Prince 
 streets is the old Citizens Bank Building and its vaults are used for the 
 protection against fire of their more expensive drugs. Our illustration hardly 
 does justice to their business, they supply nearly 500 Druggists in Washington 
 City alone, sending there daily five wagons to distribute their orders, all of 
 the nearby Maryland and Virginia trade is furnished, by tJiem, they have nearly 
 
 A "St--'ini'" Fi'>.';t V.'ni. Dv^--ni('iifi. phiinbci-, in il:c purade. 
 
 CHINA. CROCKERY. GLASS. ETC. .\L^\andiia has long been noted 
 for its business in ;lii^ line. The Miller Company is one of the oldest houses 
 of this character in X'irginia. (Illustrated.) 
 
 CRACKERS AND CAKES— Julian V. Williams, No. 313 Cameron street. 
 manag'?r for Havenncr Baking Co. See illi'.stration. 
 
 CLOTHING, BOOTS AND SHOES— One firm, E. Goldsmith (see il- 
 lustration) ; does a large back country and river trade. 
 
 CANDY — One house; a number of confections; doin^ both wholesale 
 and retail trade; make fine grade of goods. (See Shuman &: Son.) 
 
 LIME AND CEMENT is bandied very extensively by several firms ; 
 Treasurer T. W. Robinson, of George H. Robinson's Sons, representing the 
 large Riverton Mills. 
 
DRUGS— Sec Leadbcatcr, 
 
 DRY GOODS — One large house. There is room for others. 
 HARDWARE— Wholesale and Retail. Two firms: Carlin-Hulfish 
 and W. E- Bain ; both illustrated. 
 
 Co., 
 
 THE WESTERN FLOUR MILLS are represented by the four Commer- 
 cial Agencies of the city, among whom is the firm of A. D. Brockett & Co., 
 one of the city's most active and pushing men of progress. 
 
 THE MRS. KRAMER FLORAL COMPANY, of 114 N. Fayette 
 street, composed of Charles Kramer and Miss A. M. Kramer, have an 
 extensive yard and glass covering of 12,000 feet and one-half a square of 
 land. It is partly situated on the old historical wagon-yard. Another 
 part of the grounds is historical from the fact that it was the home of 
 Henry Ditcher, one of Washington's most trusted servants. This man, to- 
 gether with all the slaves of Washington, was set free by the will of the 
 General. Ditcher died about twenty years ago at about 100 years of age 
 and was a celebrated character. This Company docs a large and profitable 
 business, and their greenhouses being centrally located are easily 
 reached. 
 
 STOVES. TIN-WARE. HOUSE FURNISHINGS, ETC.— This line is 
 represented by a number of firms in the retail trade. Mr. Henry Baader & 
 Sons are the only jobbers. (Illustrated.) 
 
 STANDARD OIL CO. is represented by an agency that does more busi- 
 ness than any branch in any city twice the size of Alexandria. 
 
 THE GREAT MEAT FIRMS are represented by bright, active agento, 
 and do a large business. 
 
 THE CABLE COMPANY 
 Manufacturers of Pianos and Organs. C. W. 
 0*Mcara, Manager Northern Virginia and District 
 of Columbia Branches of Richmond Territory of this 
 extensive concern. No. 612 King street. Business 
 done since establishment, in 1904. over $135,000, and 
 is steadily building up. The Alexandria branch is 
 one of the most satisfactory branches of the com- 
 pany. 
 
THE RETAIL BUSINESS OF ALEXANDRIA is very extensive, al- 
 though its merchants justly object to the fact that many of its people, like 
 people in other cities under like conditions, often visit Washington to make 
 their purchases. On the other hand, hundreds of people, who live in Alex- 
 andria, do business or hold positions in the Capital City, and on the whole 
 Alexandria has the best of it. 
 
 In the past few years the Retail Merchants of Alexandria have greatly 
 improved their stores, either by rebuilding or remodelling and this improve- 
 ment is constantly going on, greatly to the advantage of the city's appear- 
 ance and the benefit of the enterprising men who thus attract attention to 
 themselves. We present a number of these attractive places of business in 
 our illustrations, and while not able to refer to all the wide-awake retailers 
 
 Swan & Brother, King and Pitt streets, are among the leaders and will, when 
 they get into their new store (see illustration) have an up-to-date and mod- 
 ern store in their line. 
 
 EVERYTHING NEEDED IN THE HOME, the Farm, or Garden can 
 be had in Alexandria at reasonable prices. The market is well supplied and 
 prices charged are as reasonable as can be expected. In recent years huck- 
 sters have been supplying customers from wagons and many of the grocers 
 carry stocks of vegetables. Fish, crabs, oysters and game, in season, are 
 sold at moderate figures. In a word, Alexandria is in every respect admirably 
 adapted as a place of residence or business. 
 
 HAVENNER BAKING CO. (Wholesale), 313 Cameron street; Julian 
 Y. Williams, manager. Crackers and cakes. Wide-awake and up-to-date. 
 
 EDWARD QUINN & SONS. Leading Retail Grocers, 529 
 Oronoco and 503 N. St. Asaph streets. Established by Mr. 
 Edward Quinn, who is associated with his sons Edward, Wm. H. 
 and Martin A. They do an extensive grocery, wine and liquor 
 business, and handle only first-class goods. 
 
 of the city in their various lines, it is a pleasure to refer briefly to the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 COAL — Alexandria does a large coal business, shipping largely to the 
 back country, both locally and from the mines direct. W. A. Smoot & Co., 
 are the largest dealers (see illustration), both wholesale and retail. 
 
 CONFECTIONERS— There are a number in this branch of business; we 
 refer to the House of L. Shuman & Son, No. 516 King street, whose business 
 is by no means confined to the city. 
 
 DRY GOODS — The retail trade in this line is an extensive one, both in 
 Alexandria and the back country, and is constantly on the increase. Messrs 
 
 THE DEPARTMENT STORE is a new venture in Alexandria, and is 
 conducted by P. Pulman & Co., No. 825 Duke street. 
 
 FURNITURE — This business is carried on quite extensively and suc- 
 cessfully in Alexandria. We illustrate one of the firms. Griffin & Michelbach, 
 who have been established five years, beginning in a small way and building up 
 to be the largest Furniture Installment House in the city, and doing an ex- 
 tensive trade in the adjoining counties of Virginia and Maryland and in 
 Washington City. They give employment to a large number of men and 
 teams. They have recently moved into the handsome and commodious store 
 shown in the illustration. 
 
HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS— One of the greatest needs of the city 
 is a large, modern hotel. But it is not lacking in a number of smaller hos- 
 telries, both well managed and popular and doing a good business. Three of 
 these are shown among .our illustrations. 
 
 JEWELERS— This branch of industry is well and successfully repre- 
 sented m Alexandria by a number of firms. We give an inside view of the 
 old house of Henry \V. Wildt & Son, 105 North Royal street. 
 
 NOTIONS. TOYS, GENTS' AND LADIES' FURNISHINGS— Charles 
 XI. Adams, 411 King street. Mr. Adams is one of the city's successful busi- 
 
 Harry Fleischlnann 
 
 Ed. J. Fleming 
 
 Alexandria Lodge of 
 Elks, No. 758 
 
 ALEXANDRIA CORRESPONDENTS AND REPORTERS. 
 
 Standing, left to right— R. L. Carne, Jr.. Washington Times; Wm. 
 F. Carne, Jr.. Washington Star; Mahlon H. Janney. Star; Dr. Lucian C. 
 Smith. Washington Herald; James F. Peyton. Washington Post; M. T. 
 Dwyer, Star. Seated — Mr. William F. Carne. Baltimore Sun, and Mr. 
 Luther H. Thompson, of the Gazette. 
 
 ness men; his stock is large and well selected and his large business is evi- 
 dence of his popularity as a merchant. We illustrate his fine country resi- 
 dence m Alexandra County, just outside of the city. 
 
 PLUMBING — There are a number of successful men in this line, among 
 them ex-Councilman Wm. Desmond, whose float in the "Sesqui" is shown. 
 
 LEXANDRIA LODGE OF ELKS, NO. 758. was instituted by Geo. F. 
 Bradley, organizer. I'ebruary 9. 1910. with fifty members; the membership is 
 now nearlj- .^00, anions whom arc many of the city's most prominent business 
 tnen. Harry Fleischniann is Exalted Ruler and Kd. J. Fleming. Secretary. Our 
 illustration shows the hall of this splendid organization where visiting Elks will 
 always find a Virginia welcome. 
 
REAL ESTATE— In the 
 past few years property 
 values have advanced more 
 than 100 per cent, owing to 
 the improved streets, sevvers 
 and increase of population. 
 Waste places have been 
 built up, old structures torn 
 down and given place to 
 modern and handsome edi- 
 fices, examples of this is 
 seen on every hand, we can 
 name but a few; the hand- 
 some, not to say elegant 
 lianks of the city are, of 
 course, most prominent; it 
 is a pleasure to show them 
 all in our illustrations and 
 thev will compare favorably 
 with the banks of any city. 
 King street is rapidly put- 
 ling: on modern airs and 
 visitors no longer sneer at 
 our grass- jrrown street or 
 ramshackelty houses. These 
 improvements are due to the 
 causes before named but are 
 also due in a great meas- 
 ure to the industry and en- 
 terprise of our Real Es- 
 tate firms, who as e untir- 
 ing in their work to advance 
 the development of the city, 
 foremost among these are 
 the following. 
 
 M. B. Harlow & Co., 
 Inc., composed of M. B. 
 Harlow, President; Ross W. 
 Elliot, Treasurer, and E- J. 
 Fleming, Secretary: the two 
 latter are young, progressive 
 men, the former one of Al- 
 exandria's most progressive 
 citizens, and one who for 
 many years has left no stone unturned to advance its niaierial development. 
 Robert Elliott, whose handsome residence at Braddock Heights is shown, 
 is an active and untiring worker in this line. 
 
 J. D. Normoyle, is another Real Estate worker; he is a persistent and 
 intelligent advertiser and has a splendid business which is constantly in- 
 creasing, owing to his prompt methods. There are others equally active, but 
 space forbids their mention. 
 
 There is no doubt that while property has advanced as stated that in the 
 near future it will advance still more rapidly in and around the city, and in- 
 telligent investors would do well to invest now, rather than lose the oppor- 
 tunity of doubling their money. There are not a half dozen stores on King 
 street for rent ; the warehouses on the wharf are all occupied and only re- 
 cently numerous improvements have been made ; as examples, the great ice 
 house of the Mutual Ice Co., and the immense addition to the fertilizer plant, 
 and Mr. A. D. Brockett's new warehouse, and many others. 
 
 M, 
 
 B. Harlow 
 Fairfax Street, 
 ance 
 
 & Co., Inc., 119 South 
 Real Estate and Insur- 
 in all branches. 
 
 There is great need for small houses or modern flats, the demand is far 
 beyond the supply and numerous would-be citizens have to go outside because 
 they cannot be supplied; every Real Estate man in the city will tell you that 
 these are facts, and that money invested in such property will pay handsomely, 
 
 '^ 
 
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 J 1 ».i ■ iir -III ' V '1 ivv ■--, 's/. . 
 
 DRY 
 
 '^BaA ■S.^*^ '-• 
 
 DRY GOODS — Swan Brothers locating in Alexandria 
 eight years ago have done an ever extending business, 
 which compels them to enlarge their storage capacity, so 
 as to give the people of the city a larger and better dry 
 goods house. They came from Waynesboro, Augusta Co., 
 Virginia, and have made many friends here, and also in 
 Washington, where they have a branch store. 
 
 _ _ j.._.,.. „^ ,--,-- - . _ of Mr. Wager, who, within the past few 
 
 years has purchased and modernized both the Old St. Mary's School (Colonial) 
 
 and it is proven by the experience of 
 
 and the Braddock House, and that every flat is rented as fast as finished. 
 
 A modern four-story tlat has just started, corner of King and Columbus 
 streets. Ilhistiations are shown of hoih the ImiWings named. 
 
 SOCIAL AND FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS— Besides those illus- 
 trated and heretofore alluded to, Alexandria has a number of social, fraternal 
 and beneficial societies, among the most prominent of which are The Inde- 
 pendent Order of Odd Fellows, one lodge owning its hall and the other meet- 
 ing in Sarepta Hall, on King street ; The United Order of American Me- 
 chanics. Andrew Jackson Lodge, No. i:!o, of Masons, The Maccabees, Eagles. 
 Labor Unions, and others all doing good work along their various lines. 
 
 The social clubs are principally represented by those mentioned and the 
 Young Men's Sodality, which is ever alive to the best interests of the city 
 
Then there are the Knights of Columbus and the Hibernians which are wide- 
 awake social and fraternal organizations. The Sodality Building, on Duke 
 street, is one that the city is justly proud of. The Bachelor's club is one of 
 the leading social organizations of the city, and cheerfully takes a hand in 
 every move to place Alexandria in the front rank, especially on festive occas- 
 
 French spoliations. In the Mexican War, Captain Course led a company of 
 volunteers to the front, one of whom, Mr. Douglass, has only recently died, 
 and another is still alive. Alexandria was represented in the Civil War by the 
 Alexandria Riflemen, the Mount Vernon Guards, the Emmet t Guards, the 
 Old Dominion Rifles, the O'Connell Guards, belonging to the 17th V'a. In- 
 
 THE 
 ducted by 
 partner is 
 junior has 
 
 ALEXANDRIA IRON WORKS— J. R. N. Curtin, President; Calvin 
 
 IJutis, Vice-President; C. N. Xourse, Secretary and Treasurer; M. R. Rogers, 
 
 General Manager. Located at Royal and Wilkes streets. Successors to the 
 
 old Jamieson and Collins Iron Works. Manufacture all kinds of iron castings, 
 
 jjr\TT?T 17 T Tc/- stairways, porches, structure and ornamental iron, beams, girders, wrought- 
 
 HOTEL FLEISCHMANN, con- iron fences and fire escaiies. Employ forty-five hands and do a large busi- 
 
 Flcischrnann & Son. The senior ness throughout the country, especially in Washington. A prosperous and 
 
 a veteran m the line and the growing company. The President, Mr. Curtin, is also President of the Board 
 
 been raised in the business. of Aldermen. He has long represented the Third Ward in Council. 
 
 This firm has an annual output^of about $160,000 and a pay roll of $25,000. 
 
 leading Confectioners. Manufact- 
 urers of Cand>' and Fruit Cake- 
 Ship the latter all over United 
 States, large quantities to Chicago. 
 
 ions. The present officers arc: Douglass Stuart, President; O. H. Kirk, Se(^ 
 retary; Julian V. Williams, Treasurer; who, together with W. W. IJallengoj 
 and J. Wm. May, compose the Board of Governors. It was organized/" 
 1879. 
 
 ALEXANDRIA'S SOLDIERS— From the earliest days Alexandria' pa- 
 triotism was always proven and the city sent to all the wars it quota of men 
 who distinguished their city through their valor. 
 
 Washington led Alexandrians with Rraddock to Fort Duqucsnc. During 
 the Revolution a company was raised of which he was the honorary captain. 
 In the war of 1S12 the town was represented, and it was also taken and 
 sacked by the British. Its shipping suffered both in this war and from the 
 
 fantry; one company of Cavalry, and two batteries of artillery, Kemper's and 
 Triplett's. These troops sufTered terribly during the war. and the survivors 
 and citizens erected to their memory the Confederate Monument. See illus- 
 tration. 
 
 In the Spanish- American War Alexandria sent one company, the Ligrht 
 Infantry, which, while not reaching the front, did good service, and stood high 
 in regard to merit in the records of the war. Captain Atkinson, commanded. 
 
 Ihe Alexandria Light Infantry was reorganized after the war and is now 
 Conipany G of the 70th Virginia, under command of Captain Murphy. The 
 Major of the 70th, James E. King, was formerly Captain of this company and 
 served as Lieutenant during the Spanish War. 
 
TELEPHONES — Alexandria has two Telephone Companies, the Bell and 
 the Capital City, thus affording better service than in many larger cities 
 and at less rates. 
 
 •An 
 the 
 
 CAPITAL CITY, Exchange 309 King street, F. F. Marbury. Manager. 
 Independent Company; member Virginia Independent Association and 
 International Association, connecting with all independent companies in 
 
 BELL TELEPHONE CO., Wythe White, Manager, does general tele- 
 phone business, connecting with the Bell system. (Illustrated.) 
 TELEGRAPHS — Western Union and Postal have offices here. 
 THE FLORIST INDUSTRY in and around Alexandria is, when looked 
 into, like many others, not a thing to be sneezed at. There are five large 
 concerns here giving employment to a large number of people and pleasure to 
 thousands of others, not only in this city but in Washington, New York and 
 elsewhere. We present illustrations of four of these establishments, but they 
 hardly do justice to any one of them. 
 
 the Sute. (Illustrated.) 
 
 MILLING INDUSTRY— Alexandria has f=.ve Mills that grind both 
 wheat and corn, among them stands foremost THE LAWRENCE MILL 
 CO., established July I. 1898, which does both wholesale and retail busi- 
 ness, principally the former, and has an output of 25,000 barrels of Flour 
 and 6,000 barrels of Corn annually, using 125,000 bushels of wheat and 
 25,000 of corn every year in the production of their goods. Weekly 
 wages paid, $85.00 to $100.00; employing from 8 to 10 hands. Sell 
 principally at HOME, as their goods are well appreciated where they 
 are made. Also ship largely to Norfolk and to Washmgton City. 
 
 AMUSEMENTS. 
 Hill's Opera House is a fine structure, and has a fine hall, with a seat- 
 ing capacity for some 700. Numerous companies during the season present 
 attractive plays. When nothing is on the boards in Alexandria, the numer- 
 ous theatres of Washington are within a half hour s trolley ride over the Mount 
 Vernon electric road; but better still is the great attraction for young and 
 old— Luna Park (see illustration)— which is only ten minutes by trolley from 
 Alexandria, and which is liberally patronized by our people. Mr. Goodfellmy, 
 the Manager, is not only a Goodfellow in name but in every other way, and is 
 making mighty efforts to make Luna Park one of the greatest attractions in 
 this section. 
 
s.? 
 
 3 — 
 
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 £"3 
 
 Si 
 
 ©■a' 
 
Mount Vernon Avenue. 
 
 Lafayette, 
 
 "In honoring Wash- 
 ington the American 
 people honor them- 
 
 selves," said the late 
 Senator Stanford of Cal- 
 ifornia in referring to the 
 project to build Mount 
 X'ernon Avenue, the pro- 
 posed boulevard from the 
 Capitol building, througli 
 the Mall and over the 
 Memorial Bridge, pass- 
 mg Arlington, through 
 :he beautiful counties of 
 Alexandria and Fair- 
 fax, along the most pic- 
 turesque hills to be 
 found, and for miles in 
 'nil panoramic view of 
 W^ashington and its mag- 
 nificent buildings; 
 tlu"ough A 1 e X a n dr i a, 
 i.„ D tTADTr-»t»r Washington's home town; 
 
 M B. HARLOW, across Hunting Creek. 
 
 & Treas. Ongmator of plan oyer another Memorial 
 Bridge to the memory of 
 De Kalb, Rochambeau and the other distinguished French 
 
 \ 
 
 - / 
 
 I' -i^ 
 
 JOHN B. SMOOT, 
 First President. 
 
 and sailors who aided our fathers in their 
 
 soldiers 
 through 
 
 battle for freedom ; the 
 what was originally a part of Mt. 
 Vernon estate to the home and 
 tomb of Washington. 
 
 A highway about seventeen miles 
 in length, and 250 feet wide, divided 
 into sections, one for each State, on 
 which are to be built, by the sev- 
 (-■ral States, splendid permanent 
 liuildings in which the products of 
 ■-■ach can be shown, together with a 
 topographic map of the State, 
 statues and monuments to their dis- 
 tinguished sons, with trees and 
 ilowers indiginous to the State, de- 
 scriptive matter as to manufactur- 
 ing, mining, agriculture, in short. 
 
 everything that can ad- 
 vertise to the world the 
 greatness of our country 
 and the advantages pre 
 sented by each one of tht 
 numerous C o m m o n 
 wealths that constitute 
 the American Union will 
 thus be presented. 
 
 In fact, as stated b\ 
 Mr. M. B. Harlow, tht 
 originator of the idei it 
 will be an Apian \\ t 
 and a Westminster M 
 bey combined. 
 
 It would take a volume 
 to tell of this patriotic 
 movement, and it can 
 only be briefly referred 
 to here. 
 
 The project is one of 
 the most patriotic ever 
 suggested, and when un- 
 derstood, must com- 
 mend itself to every true 
 American as not only a 
 d judicial work that of necessity 
 
 WM. B. SMOOT. 
 Vice-President, 
 
 patriotic but a 'wise an^ , 
 
 credit and advancement of the entire nation, 
 
 When this great highway is built 
 it will be one of the world's won- 
 ders, greater than the Apian Way, 
 more magnificent than Westmins- 
 ter Abbey, and at the same time in 
 presenting the beauties and advant- 
 ages of all our States will be of 
 inestimable advantage to every one 
 of them. It will have a speedway 
 that will rival the boulevards of the 
 world, seventeen miles in length, 
 with roadways for automobiles, car- 
 riages, electric cars, bicycles, and 
 a bridle path, affording endless 
 pleasure and enjoyment to our own 
 people, and to visitors from all the 
 
 St redound to the 
 
 E. E. DOWNHAM, 
 Former Vice-President. 
 
 Section of Avenue from Col. Hains' Report. 
 
 HON. FRANK HUME. 
 Late Vice-President. 
 
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THOS. PERRY. 
 
 Flour Inspector. 
 
 States and thc_ iiUcrmost prri'ts of the earth, who come 
 to see our Caj)ital cJly. 
 
 Tlie idea ot constructing an avenue from Washin^'lon 
 ('ity to Mount Vernon was first suggested by Cily 
 Tieasurcr M. IS. TIarlow, of Alexandria, in iS86, He 
 communicated his thoughts to the late Col. K. W. Fox, 
 editor and i)roprietor of the "National Republican," who 
 heartily approved the project, an<l devoted much spate 
 in his paper ami exerted his personal influence to thr- 
 day of his death in warmly advocating the proposed 
 memorial. 
 
 In 1887 a meeting of the citizens of Washington, 
 Alexandria city and county, and Fairfax county, was 
 held at Hill's Opera House in Alexandria, and an or- 
 ganization perfected, known as the Mount Vei nnn 
 Avenue Association, which was charterefl by the I,egis- 
 lalure of Virginia February i, 1888. As a further evi- 
 dence of the great interest manifested by Virgmia in this project, Mareh ^. 
 1S88, the Ivegislatnre transferred to this association a claim held by the Slate 
 against the (jeneral Government for $120,000, which sum was advanced by tin- 
 Slate of Virginia in 1790, and used by tlie Government in the construction 
 of the first jtublic buildings erected at Washington, which sum has never been 
 rejiaid, thus leaving the United States indebted to the old State that sur- 
 I'eiidered to it Iier northwest, and furnished to the revolution a Washington, 
 and later a JefTerson, a Madison, and Monroe, and from which it lore her 
 great coal and iron fields in West X'irginia. The State only asks that ihis 
 money be paid so that it can be used to build this boulevard, thus adding lo 
 the beauty and the reputation of the Nation's Cai»ital. Subsequent legisla- 
 tion by the State authorizes thai tlie Association turn over to the Genet a I 
 Government the entire control and policing of the avenue, if it builds llie 
 boulevard. 
 
 All that the Government has yet done is to survey the routes and for 
 this purpose, in 1889, Congress made an apiiroprialion of $10,000 for 
 asccrtainmg the cost, and the feasibility of the Government's indorsement of 
 the proposed memorial highway. Col. Peter C. Haines was detailed by the 
 Secretary of War to make the necessary surveys. After completing his work. 
 Colonel Hains, in submitting his rejiort, highly indorsed the carrying out of 
 the proposition of the Mount Vernon Avenue Association. Secietary Kudi- 
 cott, in his report to Congress on the subject, also eiulorsed tlie matter. This 
 report was piesenlcd to Congress in 1890. I,ater, both Secretaries Proctor and 
 Root also endorsed the proposition. The report of Secretary Kndicott was 
 that the minimum cost would be $1,200,000, and the maximum $2,000,000. 
 'I'his piovided for building the grandest boulevard in the world. 
 
 One of the most enthusiastic advocates in Congress of the project was 
 the late Senator Leland Stanford, of California, wlio was chairman of tin- 
 committee to whom the bill was referred. lie stated in comniiltee that be 
 favored the construction of the boulevard by the Government, "no matter 
 what it cost, as the American peoi)Ie can never do too much to honor the 
 name of Washington." 
 
 The Association has during its existence steadily worked lo accomplish 
 the object for which it was organized, and now that the construction of the 
 proposed Memorial Hridge across the Potomac api)cars to be an assured fad, 
 renewed effoits will be made to secure the necessary ajjpropriation for tin- 
 construction of Mount X'ernon Avenue. 
 
 Hume's Sijring on "Warwick" will be in ihe center of the avenue. Mr. 
 llume, at considerable expense, had filled up ihis beautiful resort, winch is 
 much frequented by the public. 
 
 A nnblic meeting was held Septend)cr 18, 1887, at ihe Opera House in 
 Alexandria. Adilresses were made and resolutions adopted and sleps taken lo 
 
 perfect the organization. At a subseciuenl meeting Hon. John B. Smoot, Mayor 
 of the city and one of the wealthiest and most respected citizens^ was elected 
 president; Mr. Henry A. Willard, of Washington City, vice-president; M. II. 
 Harlow, secretary and treasurer, and Hon. E. W. Fox, of the Washington 
 "National Republican," corresponding secretary. 
 
 The following directors were elected September 18, 1899, to serve until 
 the regular annual meeting: 
 
 From Alexandria Cily -Park Agnew, M. H. Harlow, C. C. Carlin. W. B. 
 Smoot, J. K. M. Norton, Hubert Snowden, Iv. K. Downham, James R. Caton, 
 W. F. Carne, C. C. I.eadbeatcr, G. L. Poothe. and J. M. Hdl. 
 
 I'Vom Alexandria Comity — Frank Hume, former Senator J. P. Henderson, 
 Dr. J. Taber Johnson, A. B. Graham, J. K. Clements, and Dr. G. Wylhe 
 Cooke. 
 
 From Fairfax County — Jos. K. Willard, R. W. Moore, 
 and Alex. J. Wedderburn. 
 
 From Washington -Stilson I[ut(hins. Heriah Wilkins, C 
 
 W 
 
 Knox, John Joy Ed- 
 son, N. [I. i^hea. A. 
 Grcenlecs, Matthew 
 Trimble, and F. Mer- 
 tens. December i ihr 
 Directors met and 
 elected Mr. William 
 H. Smoot First Vice- 
 President. Mr 
 Smoot is the son of 
 the first President. 
 
 In his very clabor- 
 lie and exhaustive of- 
 ficial report to the 
 Secretary of War 
 Proctor— Col. Peter 
 C. Hains makes the 
 following stalemeni 
 
 "There are poini 
 of interest along .iK 
 Ihe route. Fort M 
 er and the Nation ; 
 Cemetery at Arliin' 
 Ion are near by. Tli 
 old town of Alex.'iii 
 dria, near which an . 
 route must jiass, 
 abounds in objeci s 
 that were associated 
 with the Father of 
 his Country. while 
 many of the hills are 
 even yet occupierl by 
 the remains of old 
 earthen forts buili 
 during the war <jf 
 the Union. 
 
 "In order to de- 
 termine the kind of 
 roadway that is 
 called for in the act. 
 the question oi'curs. 
 What is its object? 
 
 II. Snowden. 
 
 S. Noyes, W. S. 
 
 C0f<fGfT£3SMAtfEL£,CJ, 
 
HAMILTON & CO"S CIGAR 
 FACTORY. 
 
 Old war picture. "Battery Rogers" on South Lee street, overlooking the Potomac River and Ag- 
 ncw's ship yard, with the Maryland shore in the distance, showing Oxen Hill, the home of the Rev. 
 W. D. Addison, one of the officiating clergy at Washington's funeral. Our thanks arc due to Mr. A. 
 Sullivan, of the Reliance Fire Company, for the use of this photograph of Battery Rogers. 
 
 CIGARS — There arc six cigar factories in the city, all doing a good business and employing a number of men. Among them we present an 
 
 illustration of the factory of Hamilton & Co., 323 King Street. This firm was established i88g. and turns out 750,000 cigars annually. Employs 20 
 
 hands, and consists of A. H. Ochlcrt, F. M. Hamilton, and J. P. Steiner. Their cigars are noted over the State and are largely sold in 
 Washington and elsewhere, where "Their Plantation," is a synonim for an excellent smoke. 
 
It is not for commerce. It has no military value.* 
 It docs not partake of the nature of an ordinary 
 work of internal improvement. It is true it 
 would be of great value to the section of country 
 through which it would i>ass, but to the nation it 
 practically has no pecuniary value. What, then, 
 is the object? It is to commemorate the virtues 
 of the grandest character in American history. It 
 is to satisfy the cravings of a. patriotic sentiment 
 that fills the hearts of the American people to 
 honor the name of \\'ashington. 
 
 "Whatever tends to keep alive the memory of 
 liis character and virtues tends to make us all 
 better citizens of the Republic. A road, there- 
 
 Residence of Hon. Jas. R. Caton. attorney-at-law, and 
 member House of Delegates. 
 
 Residence Wm. B. Smoot, rear view. 
 
 tional Republican," who was indefatigable in his 
 ttTorts to secure tlie building of the boulevard; and 
 Hon. Frank Hume, of Alexandria County (whose pic- 
 ture we give), was ever an earnest worker in 
 everything that tended to advance the material 
 development of his county and city, which he rep- 
 resented several times in the Legislature, with 
 credit to his county and city, and satisfaction to 
 his constituents. 
 
 •Since Col. Hains made his report, in 1890, the 
 establishment of a military station at Fort Hunt. 
 Sheridan's Point, Va., between Mount Vernon and 
 Fort Myer, the road becomes a military necessity as 
 well as a national highway and permanent 
 exposition grounds it becomes of inestimable com- 
 mercial value to the whole nation. 
 
 fore, built from the Capitol of the nation to the 
 tomb of its founder, would not be such as is 
 built for ordinary traffic. It should have the 
 character of a monumental structure, such as 
 would comport with the dignity of this great 
 nation in such an undertaking, and the 
 grandeur of the character of the man to 
 whom it is dedicated. The question of cost 
 would be of secondary consideration." 
 
 Among the men who have labored must 
 assiduously for the Mount Vernon Avenue 
 are two that have passed over to the "great 
 divide," Col. E. W. Fox, editor of the "Na- 
 
 Home of Hon. E. E. Downham, ex-Mayor of 
 
 Alexandria and President Friendship 
 
 Fire Company. 
 

 
 "Malvern." Fairfax County — Country home of Mr. Edward L. Dainger- 
 fieid, President of the Citizens National Bank. 
 
 A Fairfax Home — Residence of Alex. J. Wedderburn, 
 Wedderburn, Va. 
 
 Arlington. 
 
 WuoJ... .■. ;., 1 ...i;..x Cviunty, Historic home ui Xtliic Ciiiiib, 
 
Our Suburban Alelghbors. 
 
 No section of Virginia presents better opportunities for 
 the intelligent farmer, fruit raiser, poultryman, dairyman, 
 trucker or the mixed farmer than that which comprises the 
 back country of Alexandria. With unexcelled transporta- 
 tion facilities opening up to them the great markets of 
 Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New Yoik, each 
 county of this section affords ample opportunity for a 
 description of its advantages and its resources to be de- 
 scribed in a book larger than this, therefore it is impossi- 
 ble to enter into detail and I must be confined to the most 
 brief notice. 
 
 The country adjacent to Alexandria is the most health- 
 ful and salubrious that can be found. Land values are low, 
 l)Ut advancing, and with each development must advance 
 more rapidly. The influx of the trolley means the increase 
 of jiopulation and the increase of land values. Many hun- 
 dieds of thousands of dollars have been spent in the coun- 
 ties of Alexandria, Fairfax, and Prince William in the past 
 dccaile but it is not a circumstance to what will be spent in 
 the next. 
 
 .i5i 
 
 [ :':^„.r.«,i^*'^'* 
 
 
 
 Alexandria County C. H., Fort Myer Heights. Va. 
 
 JAMES E. CLEMENTS. 
 
 Superintendent of Public Schools, 
 
 Alexandria Co. 
 
 roads, and three steam roads, with 
 connection of several more. Its 
 villages are such as to delight 
 home-seekers, its schools arc not 
 equalled in the state, and its prox- 
 imity to Washington ensures a con- 
 stant increase in values. It is des- 
 tined to be the Work Shop of 
 Washington, and numerous indus- 
 tries now prove the assertion. 
 Within the county is Arlington, 
 the home of George Washington 
 Park Custis, the grandson of ^Irs. 
 Washington and the adopted son 
 of General Washington, and the 
 father of Mrs. Robert K. Lee (see 
 illustration). This is the American 
 Westminster, where the soldiers of 
 both armies lie entombed. In con- 
 templating the resting places of 
 these heroes who fell for principle 
 and patriotism we are apt to re- 
 member the lines of Father Ryan: 
 
 The adjacent counties are Alexandria, the Virginia sec- 
 tion of the original District of Columbia, (except Alexan- 
 dria city) ; Fairfax and Prince William. All of this section 
 originally formed the county of Prince William. In 1742 
 Fairfax was cut from this county and named for Lord Fair- 
 fax. Alexandria was laid out as the county-seat of Fairfax 
 in J74S. When the District of Columbia was formed the 
 present county and city of Alexandria was cceded to the 
 Xation as Virginia's part. The present site of Fairfa.x Court 
 House was selected in 1790. and the old Court House built 
 in 1800. After the war, when the I'nderwood constitution 
 was framed the city and county of Alexandria were separ- 
 ated and so remain as different jut isdictions. 
 
 Alexandria County — Has a number of fine suburban 
 towns, all prr.siiering and increasing in population and 
 wealtli. Xo coimty in the state has more favorable oppor- 
 tunities, it is high and healthy, and up to the present time 
 its lands are cheap. I-'or miles its lands He in full view 
 of the Nation's Capitol ; it is traversed l)y three electric 
 
 
 ■ff^ 
 
 mm 
 
 -.3:.'. .SCK^Ol. 
 
 veil HEPtUUS . u... 
 
 COLUMBIA SCHOOL. 
 One of Alexandria County's Handsome Schools. 
 
"On fame's eternal camping grounds 
 Their countless tents are spread, 
 While Glory guards with solemn round 
 The bivouac of the dead." 
 
 We reproduce a portrait of Abingdon, the 
 house built bv John Park Custis, Mrs. Wash- 
 ington's first husband: Nellie Custis was born in 
 this house. We also give pictures of Alexandria 
 County Court House, at Fort Myer Heights, and 
 of Supt. .(amcs E. Clements, and one of his 
 school houses. The county has a fine school 
 systi-m and the finest school buildings of an-. 
 county in the stale, and much credit is due M; 
 Clements for his work alone educational line 
 We also illustrate the Washington, Alexandn 
 and !\It. Vernon Railroad electric plant and c.i 
 sheds, at Four Mile Run. and Alexandria's grc i 
 resort, Luna Park; nor do we stop there, for ; 
 is a pleasure to give views of "hastern View." 
 the fine county residence of Mr. Charles M. 
 Adams, the enterprising Alexandria dry goods 
 and notions merchant, and of Mr. Robt. Elliott's 
 handsome home, on Historic Braddock Heights. 
 Tl^ere are many splendid homes in Alexandria 
 county, and they are constantly increasing and of 
 necessity must increase. The principal towns are: 
 Falls Church (which lies in both Alexandria and 
 Fairfax) ; Ballston. Fort Myer Heights, Claren- 
 don. Roslvn, Addison Heights, Braddock, Del 
 Ray and St. Elmo. 
 
 The roads of Alexandria county will com- 
 pare favorably with any in the state and are 
 steadily being improved. 
 
 As an evidence of improved values it is only 
 necessary to state that lourtcen years ago the 
 county was assessed at $800,000 ; while the last 
 assessment showed an increase of $3,300,000. 
 Buildings are being erected at the rate of roo 
 to 300 a year and they are filled as fast as 
 built by a most desirable class of people. 
 
 There are sixteen white and six colored 
 schools, with sixteen white and six colored teach- 
 ers. The school age runs from seven to twenty, 
 and there are 1,862 pupils enrolled; the scholars 
 have doubled in the past decade. 
 
 THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL 
 LOGICAL SEMINARY 
 near Alexandria, Va. 
 
 THEO 
 
 The historicSeniinary of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church in the diocese of Virginia was founded in the 
 year 1SJ3. and for four years its sessions were held in 
 the vcsry utotn of St. Pauls Church, and in a house 
 
 now standing at the southeast corner of King and Washington streets in the city 
 of Alexandria. In the > ear 1S27 the Seminary was removed to its present site three 
 miles west of Alexandria occupying a commanding position on the third range of 
 hills rising from the Potomac river. The present building consists of four large 
 
 "Eastern View," Handsome Alexandria county country home of Chas. M. Adams. Alexandria's 
 leading notion and ladies' and gents furnishing goods merchant, 411 King street. 
 
 halls for lecture rooms and students" rooms, a library, the prpfessors' houses and 
 the chapel, which, has been recently enlarged and beautified by Bishop Potter of 
 New York, who is one of the prominent Alumni of Uie institution. A handsome 
 window has been placed in Uie chancel of Ihe Seminary Chapel the 
 
gift of Mrs. S. F. Houston, of Philadelphia. It commemorates the missionary 
 spirit of the Seminary. 
 
 All the foreign missions of the Episcopal church, until the recent Colo- 
 nial development of the United States, were founded by this Seminary. Its 
 Alumni list is 1,065, of whom about 550 are now living, many of them hold- 
 ing prominent positions in the church. Twenty-nine of its Alumni have been 
 elected to the Episcopate, one of wliom was the celebrated Bishop Brooks, of 
 Massachusetts, who stood foremost among the preachers of America. 
 
 There are five professors at the Seminary. The average number of 
 students is forty-five, and its Alumni are found in all the States of the Union, 
 and in many mission districts throughout the world. 
 
 My thanks are due Rev. Dr. Sam'l A. Wallis, of the Seminary, for the 
 above facts. 
 
 OLD TIME ITEMS. 
 
 Friendship Fire Co.. No. i, was organized, as 
 l^reviously stated, for the purpose of "promoting 
 friendship and of assisting m extinguishing fires," 
 in 1774., and it=; members were to carry an '*ozna- 
 burg tjag and a bucket to each lire." Washington 
 became a member in 1774 and while on a trip to 
 Philadelphia purchased the FIRST HAND EN- 
 GINE EVER SENT TO VIRGINIA, (it was 
 nia<io in France and contained only a few barrels 
 
 of water), and presented it to the Company. The Company is still alive and 
 its membership comprises many of our most prominent citizens, who have 
 actively served an apprenticeship in the active companies. 
 
 This old company was in active service up to 1872, when the hand com- 
 panies had to surrender to the modern idea of steam. 
 
 During' the war the engine was stolen and carried to Fort Ellsworth, 
 near the city, by the soldiers, but James Atkinson (father of Captain Atkin- 
 son, of the Alexandria Light Infantry, during the Spanish- American war), 
 who was then president of the company, went to the Secretary of War and 
 stated that WASHINGTON'S ENGINE had been stolen, and by his order 
 it was restored. 
 
 This engine also had the honor of assisting in putting out the fire at the 
 Capitol building, in 1853 ; Alexandria being notified that the Capitol build- 
 ing was on fire and its Fire Department was asked to aid, which call was at 
 niice resj 'Gilded to. and the Friendship sent to the rescue. When it got on 
 the ground it was carried into the rotunda, and 
 the water was forced into her by one of the 
 Washington engines and the Friendship forced 
 ilie water into the fire, which I believe was in 
 tiie Iil)rary; so says Captain Webster, ex-Captain 
 of Police, who has been a member of the Friend- 
 ship ever since 1844, or for sixty-three years. 
 
 Ex- Mayor E. K. Downham is President and 
 
 G. WM. RAMSAY, King and St. Asaph streets, 
 Grandson of Col. Ramsay, of Washington's staff. 
 Leading Family Grocer. 
 
 JOHN D. NORMOVLL. Real Estate, insur- 
 ance and Loans. Alexandria National Bank Build- 
 ing, King and Royal streets. Deals extensively in 
 city and country property. Active and wide awake. 
 
 BHILLS OPERA HOUSE RESTAURANT, 
 King and Pitt streets. Louis Brill, Proprietor. 
 
Mayor Fred Paff is Vice-President, and Julian Y. Williams is Recording Sec- 
 retary, and \V. T. Emmcrson, Financial Secretary-Treasurer. Captain Web- 
 ster is Chairman of the Committee on Properly. There are many interest- 
 ing relics in the Engine House on North Alfred street. 
 
 Orders for this book, wholesale or retail, can be sent direct to the pub- 
 lisher and author, Alex. J. Wedderburn, Alexandria Sunday Times, No. 119 
 North Fairfax street, Braddock House Building, Alexandria, Va. Price, 25 
 cents each by mail; or $15.00 per 100. 25 or more, 20 cents each. 
 
 _^^^ 
 
 , THE AMER.CAN LOK^^ 
 
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 AMERICAN LOKTILE CO.— President and Treasurer, Owen 
 Owen ; Vice-President. John H. Nolen ; Second Vice-President. Geo. B. 
 Wagner; Secretary. Henry F. New; Gcn'l Manager, B. F. Brooke-SewcU. 
 Manufacturers of enamelled faced steel tiles for bath rooms, hospitals, 
 elevator shafts, subways, steamships, and railroad cars. These tiles in- 
 terlock and cannot loosen, and are only manufactured in Alexandria. 
 This Company will shortly triple its capacity, being unable to fill its 
 orders. For full particulars, address American Loktile Company. Alex- 
 andria, Va. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 The word Carlylc is misspelt, having a surplus s. 
 Page 17- F. H. Harper should be F. S. 
 PaKc 19. I'nder 1900, petrified should be vitrified. 
 Page 36, Mr. Strauss* name is spelt with one instead of two s. 
 Pa^c 37. .Mrs. Veatman's residence is put at corner of Prince and Queen. 
 It should be Washington and Queen. 
 
 Page 40. Judge L. C. Barley is misspelt Basley. 
 On same page Lieut. Pettis should be Bettis. 
 
 Rictimond, Fredericksburg & Potomac R. R. 
 
 AM) 
 
 Washington Southern Railway 
 
 W. V. Taylor. Traffic Manager 
 
 THE DOVIiLE-TRACK LIXh' COXyKCTIXG TIIK 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Pennsylvania Railroad 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 
 
 Seaboard Air l.ine Railway 
 Soutlicrn Railway 
 
 Between All Points via Richmond, Virginia, and Washington, D. C. 
 The Gate^-ay Between tlie Korth and tlie Houtli 
 
 Fast Mail. Passenger. Express, and Freight Route 
 
Fairfax County,— Established 1742. 
 
 Alexandria and Fairfax 
 Bricks. 
 
 THE BRICK INDUSTRY 
 of Alexandria Co. is one of 
 the most important. Eighty 
 millions of bricks are sent 
 to Washington each year 
 from the Brick Companies 
 of Alexandria. Between 500 
 and 600 wagons cross the 
 Highway _ bridge. carrying 
 the solidified and concen- 
 trated sacred soil of Virgin- 
 ia into the Nation's Capital. 
 
 Fiomilaw 
 Brick Co- 
 Park Agnew, 
 President. 
 Output, 
 1,000,000 
 bricks annually. 
 
 This county has clustering around it the most 
 hallowed memories of any in the Old Dominion. 
 Connected with it are the names of Washington, 
 Mason, Fairfax, Fitzhugh, Hooe, Alexander, 
 Triplette, Payne, Hllzey, Carlyle, Chichester. 
 Lee. Thomas, and many others whom to name 
 would fill a volume. All men whom any com- 
 munity could glory in. Within its borders are 
 many splendid old homes, around which clin^^ 
 the memo: ies of those olden days when to be a 
 Virginian was greater than to be a king. 
 
 Momit Vernon, Guns ton, Wellington, Wood- 
 lawn (illustrated; Solona, which gave refuge to 
 Dollie Madison when the British captured and 
 sacked Washington City ; Hollin's Hall, home 
 of Gen. R. G. Smith; Malvern, the handsome 
 home of Mr. Ed. L. Daingerfield. (illustrated), 
 formerly the home of Bishop Johns; Raven- 
 worth, the broad estate and grand home of Mrs. 
 Wm. H. F. Lee, near Burkes ; and many others 
 that space forbids to name; to say nothing of 
 the hundreds of fine homes in the various 
 towns and townships of the county of more 
 ntodern date. 
 
 The climate and water cannot be excelled; 
 the soil is such as to readily respond to the 
 tickle of the hoe, when properly applied, and 
 the nearby markets of Washington and .Alexan- 
 dria afford the husbandman a satisfactory re- 
 ttnn for his toil. 
 
 There .are six incorporated towns in the 
 county: Falls Church, Fairfax, the county seat, 
 where the Court House was located when Alexandria was 
 turned over to the Federal Government , as a part of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, in iSoo, at which time the old Court House 
 was built. Herndon, Vienna, Clifton, and Wheile, all of 
 these towns, except Fairfax and Clifion, are located on the 
 Bluemont Branch of the Southern Railroad. Fairfax is situ- 
 ated on the Washington, Arlington and Falls Church Railroad, 
 and Clifion on the main line of the Southern. 
 
 There are a large number of unmcorporated towns among 
 them: Annandale, Langley, Lewensville. Forestville, Drains- 
 I'anJ ; Chantili, Centreville. Ac- 
 Burkes, Fairfax Station. Bailey's 
 Robey and Wedderburn. All of 
 in population and land values are 
 
 Florist ((Jld Frying 
 cotinck, Oakton, West F,nJ, 
 Cross Roads, Dunn-I.oring, 
 these villages are increasing 
 steadily advancing. 
 
 Churches and schools. 
 
 Probably no county in the Stale 
 
 has better churches than Fairfax, for the size of its population 
 
 (-oDon) In all of the towns are churches of several denominations. There are 
 
 two historic churches in the county. Old F.-ilIs Church and Pohick. both Colonial, 
 
 and belonged to Troro Parish, and were built about the same tmie as Christ Church, 
 
 Industrial Alexandria— BROMILAW BRICK CO.. FAIRFAX COUNTY. VA. OUTPUT, OVER 1,000,000 A YEAR. 
 
in Alexandria. Washington was a vestryman of both. Within this county is 
 the Theological Seminary, three miles west of Alexandria; it was established 
 in 1827. At the same place is The Episcopal High School (see previous note). 
 
 AH the towns and townships are well supplied with schools, of which 
 Prof. M. D. Hall is the Superintendent. We regret that the recently pub- 
 lished book of the county, which is so complete in other respects, should fail 
 to give the school statistics, from which we had hoped to have extracted them. 
 
 The county is traversed by three lines of steam roads and three of trol- 
 leys, as follows: The main line of the Soulhernaiid lllnomont Branch, and the 
 Washington-Southern Steam and the Washington, Alexandria and Mount 
 Vernon, the Washington, Arlington and Falls Church, and the Old Dominion 
 LCIectric lines. 
 
 Bromilaw, lying between the city of Alexandria and Hunting Creek, is 
 the scene of activity in the brick-making line, as can easily be seen by our 
 illustration. 
 
 HOLLIN HALL, NEAR BELLMONT, LOWER FAIRFAX. 
 
 This farm is a part of the 8,000 acres patented before Alexandria was 
 laid out, by George Mason of Gunston, the author of the Bill of Rights, and 
 one of the framers of the earliest Constitution of Virginia, who transferred 
 j.ooo acres, adjoining Mount Vernon, to his son Thomas, also a patriot and 
 
 Hollin's Hall Spinning House, Fairfax County. 
 
 distinguished son of his state, who erected a mansion as pretentious as that 
 of his fathers, at Gunstan Hall, and called it Hollins Hall, after an old 
 country seat of the Masons in Kngland. This historic mansion was destroyed 
 by fire about 1824, even at this date its foundations stand an evidence to its 
 spaciousness. The surrounding grounds indicate well arran;:ed lawns, ter- 
 races and approaches, in kecj>ing with a prcleniiotis manorial dwelling. The 
 spinning house (see illustration), is all that remains of the ancient buildings, 
 and it is kept in repair by its owner, Gen. R. G. Smith, wlio has rccentlv 
 settled in Virginia, coming from New Jersey, as an active poll ician and busi- 
 ness man, to end his days in Old Virginia, on a historic Virginia farm. In 
 this old house all of the spinning and weaving was done for the many slaves 
 upon that great plantation. 
 
 A FEW FAIRFAX TOWNS. 
 
 Falls Church — Is the location of the old historic Falls Church. It has 
 numerous schools and churches. Among them an extensive Catholic school. 
 There is a large mill, numerous stores, a carriage factory, bank and several 
 real estate agencies, and is the home of the Fairfax Telephone Company, 
 with M. E. Church as head. 
 
 Herndon, Va. — Has one newspaper, '/'^he Observer," fifty-one places of 
 business, a fine back country and at this time is erecting eighteen new houses. 
 Its canning and milling industries are extensive and prosperous. 
 
 Vienna — ^Is nineteen miles from Washington, on steam and electric roads. 
 I'ine schools, churches of several denominations, a number of stores, two 
 flour and grist mills, and a prosperous cannery. 
 
 West End — Is the home of the first glass factory to locate in Virginia. 
 Ponnets' florist houses and grounds are here; the old historic Catt's tavern 
 was located on the old coach line "pike," over which all the mails went 
 south. 
 
 Wheile — Is the center of the lumber trade of the county. Extensive mills 
 for getting out all kinds of lumber — sash, doors, blinds, etc., are located here 
 together with brick and tile works and a fine summer hotel. 
 
 HEALTH — I have repeatedly referred to the health, climate and water 
 of our City and section in these pages. Just as the last form is going to 
 press I learn that INSURANCE STATISTICS PROVE that Loudoun county 
 and vicinity is the healthiest spot IN THE WORLD, except the Black Forest 
 of Germany. 
 
 For full information in regard to this locality, address either of the real 
 estate firms mentioned here, the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce, or 
 Alex. J. Wedderburn, publisher of Historic Alexandria, Alexandria, Va. 
 
 Resident of Robert Elliott, Braddock Heights, Alexandria County. 
 Mr. Elliott is one of the most active Real Estate men in the State. 
 
The Memorial Bridge. 
 
 The first link in the chain that is to bind the Nation's Capital and Arling- 
 ton, its Westminster, and Mt. Vernon, its Mecca, is the proposed Memorial 
 Bridge over the Potomac. In speaking of this bridge the Washington Post, 
 in its Greater Washington Edition says: 
 
 "Of this bridge the late lamented President William McKinley said that 
 it should be built as a 'great memorial to American patriotism.' Not onlv 
 sliould it be Iniilt as an ornament to the city of Washington, as recommended 
 by the Park Commission, but also as one of the most useful connections with 
 the south side of the Potomac River. In this connection it may not be out 
 of place to digress and say that although the Pennsylvania Railroad has spent 
 $2,000,000 in building a double track across the Potomac and the Federal 
 Government has spent $999,000 in building a highway bridge across the same 
 river, these to take the place of the old Long Bridge, the tratBc on the high- 
 way bridge, although open scarcely a year, is now so immense that it is often 
 congested, and it will be absolutely impossible for it to meet the demands upon 
 it in a short time. It will therefore be seen that the Memorial Bridge be- 
 comes a commercial necessity and both it and Mount Vernon avenue will be 
 needed for military purposes. In Col. Hains' report he said that the avenue 
 would not be needed for military purposes, but when it is remembered that 
 
 the city of Washington is practic- 
 ally protected in a military way 
 only by the marines at the Arsenal 
 and the soldiers stationed at Forts 
 Myer, Hunt, and Washington, it 
 can be readily understood that the 
 boulevard will be of considerable 
 military importance. In case of any 
 disturbance, incident upon riot, re- 
 bellion, earthquake, or fire, in which 
 it would be necessary to bring the 
 troops to the immediate assistance 
 of the police, to preserve order and 
 to protect the people and the Gov- 
 ernment, the troops at these forts 
 would be depended and called upon. 
 It would take them about one- 
 third less time to reach the city 
 over the proposed avenue than by 
 water or the present Aqueduct 
 Bridge. 
 
 Col. Haines, in his report says : 
 "In order to determine the kind of 
 roadway that is called for in the 
 act, the question occurs. What is 
 its object? It does not partake of 
 the nature of an ordinary work of 
 internal improvement. It is true 
 it would be of great value to the 
 section of country through wliich 
 it would pass, but to the nation it 
 practically has no pecuniary value 
 (at the time of this report it had 
 not been proposed to have each 
 Bell Telephone Exchange, Wythe State make a permanent exhibit, 
 White, Manager. nor had Fort Hunt been built.) 
 
 What, then, is the object? It is to commemorate the virtues of the grandest 
 character in American history. It is to satisfy the cravings of a patriotic 
 sentiment that fills the hearts of the American people to honor the name of 
 \\'ashington. 
 
 "Whatever tends to keep alive the memory of his character and virtues 
 tends to make us all better citizens of the republic. A road, therefore, built 
 from the Capitol of the Nation to the tomb of its founder would not be such 
 as is built for ordinary traffic. It should have the character of a monu- 
 mental structure, such as would comport with the dignity of this great na- 
 tion in such an undertaking, and the grandeur of the character of the man 
 to whom it is dedicated. The question of cost would be a secondary con- 
 sideration." 
 
 The dead who sleep at Arlington are connected with the living who sur- 
 vive them only by the bridges 
 that span the Potomac. The 
 highway bridge, which we have 
 shown is bemg congested by 
 business traffic, and the Aque- 
 duct Bridge, a round-about "ex- 
 pedient" at Georgetown, alone 
 give access to this beautiful 
 "bivouac of the dead." The 
 Memorial Bridge in its every 
 stone and plank will be a me- 
 morial showing the gratitude of 
 a great nation to the men who 
 defended it and who fell in de- 
 fence of what they believed to 
 be the defense of their nation. 
 To repeat the words of Mr. 
 McKinley, it will be a "me- 
 morial to American patriotism." 
 
 This bridge will give an op- 
 portunity for the widow and 
 orphan of the soldier to visit 
 the last resting place of their 
 dead. It will afford a means 
 by v.hich easy access can be 
 had to the national burying 
 ground. It will enable friends 
 and loved ones of those who 
 have a right to be buried in 
 this historic place to reach it 
 easily, not only to pay the tri- 
 bute of a tear, but to lay upon 
 these graves their tokens of re- 
 spect and love. 
 
 The Grand Army of the Re- 
 public has more than once 
 spoken plainly and clearly up- 
 on this subject, and has urged 
 Congress to make the necessary 
 appropriation. These men who 
 defended the Federal govern- 
 ment in the days of '61- 65 are 
 
 Importers and Dealers in China. 
 Crockery, Etc., the Miller Co. Oscar F. 
 Carter, President ; R. E. Miller, Secre- 
 tary. This firm is old and reliable, hav- 
 ing been established in 1822. Another 
 Alexandria institution. Mr. Carter is a 
 man raised to his business and has traded 
 all over Virginia and the South, as well 
 as in Washington. 
 
rapidly crossing the dark river and adding to the number of the "bivouac of 
 the dead." Their voices should be weighty ones to those who follow them. 
 Their earnest request in their national council was that this great work 
 should be undertaken and completed by the Federal Government, and de- 
 serves consideration from Congress, for the men who have fearlessly placed 
 their breasts in the front ranks in defense of "Old Glory" are the ones to 
 be considered in seeking advice. 
 
 In a recent interview with Mr. W. C. Brenner, he told several interesting 
 / things, among them, thai the first railroad engine brought to Alexandria came 
 on a schooner; was unloaded at Fishtown and hauled by horses through the 
 city to the Orange railroad. The engine was named the Clark; this was 
 between 1854-55. He also stated that in 1852 he helped to dig out the cellar 
 under the Mansion House (Braddock), corner Cameron and Fairfax streets, 
 where the Old Continental Bank had stood; James Evans was contractor; that 
 they used the old-fashioned wedges to cut away the clay and that "Old 
 Charley Horse" drew it away in a cart. Thos. Hun ton was the contractor 
 who built the house for James Green. In 1.S54 Nelson Steel, in building the 
 jail, on St. Asaph street, and Tobias Huntington, general contractor, graded 
 Si. Asaph street, and in adding to the Braddock House (in front of Carlyle) 
 used the first scoops ever brought into the town. 
 
 Nothing New Under the Sun — Tax Dodging in the Old Days. 
 
 In these days of tax dodging, and when we all look back to those good old 
 times when men and mice were honest, it will read strange to the Hero Wor- 
 shiper to be told that way back yonder, in the days of Washington, and those 
 doughty old heroes and lionored patriots, that there was, even in Old Virginia. 
 tax dodgers and worse still, that among them were numbered the Father of 
 his Country. Now, this is true; and all that one has to do is to read the 
 Court Records to find the INDICTMENTS AGAINST GEORGE WASH- 
 INGTON, Gentleman, for failing to properly list his carriages and other prop- 
 erty. But that officials in those days were not influenced by greatness is 
 proven by the fact that the authorities went from Alexandria (then the county 
 srat of Fairfax) over the rough roads to Ml. Vernon, and not only assessed 
 ihc ]>ropcrty, that the said George Washington had overlooked in his returns, 
 but presented the said George to the Grand Jury, who proceeded without de- 
 lay "to find a true bill" against him, and on trial he was found guilty and 
 made to pay the tax. So much for our ancestors. But George was not ihe 
 only Fairfax gentleman who shared the same fate, or was less forgetful. 
 
 Residence of MR. M. B. HARLOW, Alfred and Cameron 
 streets. Mr. Harlow is the Secretary of the Washington Monu- 
 ment Association, and is also President of M. B. Harlow & Co.. 
 Inc. 
 
 Alexandria Light Infantry and Armory, Company G, 70th Virginia Regiment. 
 
Alexandria sent Troops to aid in suppressing the "Whiskey Rebellion." 
 under command of Governor Henry Lee. The commander of the Alexandria 
 company was Dr. Elisha Cullen Dick, and among the troops were ex-Mayor 
 Wm. Veitch and Lewis Piles. 
 
 oOo 
 
 I extract the following remarkable statement from Brockett & Rock's 
 History of Alexandria: 
 
 "It is a remarkable coinci- 
 dence that the first blood shed 
 in the war of the Revolution 
 was shed on the 19th of April. 
 1774. that the first blood shed 
 in tlie Mexican war was on the 
 tgth of April, 1S46, and the 
 
 first blood shed during the Civil War was on the 19th of April, 1861. 
 
 oOo 
 
 There are HOMES on the farms and in the cities, and work in the 
 factories of Old Virginia for thousands of people who are industrious and 
 wish to locate where they can find the best place to cast their lot. Full 
 information furnished by our real estate agents and Chamber of Commerce, 
 of Historic Alexandria. 
 
 oOo 
 
 In the old days when we dwelt under the King, 20 pounds of tobacco 
 was the fee allowed the Sheriff for ducking a scolding woman. It would 
 take a brave sheriff to try to duck one now. 
 
 In the Seventeenth Century a ship master, who brought a Quaker to 
 the Colony, was subjected to a fine of 5.000 pounds of tobacco. After- 
 wards, liowever, Quakers became very prominent and useful citizens of 
 Alexandria, and to one of them, Benj. Hallowell, is due the Alexandria 
 water works. 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL EOCTS 
 AND SHOES— John A. Marshall & Broth- 
 er, 422 King street. Have an extensive 
 trade in all the back counties. The junior 
 member. Mr. C. B. Marshall, is a member 
 of the City Council and the senior member 
 one of Alexandria's largest capitalists, 
 
 F. AUGUST CALMES RES 
 TAURANT. no North Royal 
 street, was established in 1854. and 
 is one of the best in the State. 
 
 Columbia Reel, No. 4, ready for parade. 
 
PROPOSED MEMORIAL BRIDGE ACROSS THE POTOMAC 
 As designed by Board of Engineers and Architects and Approved by Secretary of War. 
 
1 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 014 443 216 2