\ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, | 1 ' Chap. .JZ...U-k-.^ I Shelf ..^.M-^.4fMusine8S of the Senate bo now suspended that opportunity may be given for fitting tributes to the memory of the deceased and to his emi- nent public and private virtues, and that as a further uiark of res])iringfield, Yt., where he attended school about a year, and then returned to his home and engaged in trade. Soon after, however, and at the early age of seventeen years, he was moved by the prevailing excitement resulting from gold dis- coveries in Colorado to go to " Pike's Peak," the name by which that attractive region was then generally but somewhat "vaguely known. Fickle fortune withholding her fiivor, he again sought his home in the fall of 1861, soon after the civil war had come to delug(' the land with the blood of kindred. He entered the mili- tary service a lad of but nineteen years, and his superior qualities did not long await recognition, for he was soon assigned to the im- portant position of superintendent of transportation of his division. Ill January, 1863, he retired from the military service, and in the following March entered school at East Hampton, Mass. Re- maining there for a time, he was admitted to Yale Collcuc, and took a special scientific course. In November, 1 865, he married Miss Harriet M. Kelsey, of I5erk- sliire County, Massachusetts, a lady of culture and refinement, to whose beauty of character, untiring de\dtion, patient courage, high order of intellect, and splendid mental eipiipment Mr. Haskell was largely indebted for his subsequent brilliant success. Immediately after his marriage he returned with his young bride to his Kansas home, in the city of liawrence, where he engaged in raercautile pursuits, in which he continued with indifferent success until 1876. He entered political life, however, in 1871, when he was elected to the lower house of the Kausas legislature. At that tune it was not his purpose to i-emaiu in public life, but rather to enter the |)rofession of the law, a field of service for which he was exceptionally well fitted by his remarkable perceptive powers, ana- lytic faculties, terseness and cogency of logic, and perspicuity and ADDMESS OF MU. RTAX, OF KANSAS. 11 affliienco of diction. Subsequent events diverted iiini from this ]nir- pose and gave his remaining years to the business of legishition. In 1873 he was again elected to tlie State legislature, and still again in 1875, when he was chosen speaker of the house. As member and speaker he gave evidence of abilities and developed an aptitude for legislative duties that suggested his candidacy for Congress, and in 187() he was elected to the lower House of the Forty -fifth Congress, and was successively chosen to the Forty-sixth, Forty-seventh, and Forty-eighth Congresses. When Mr. Haskell entered the Forty-fif"th Congress manyim- ]iortant interests of his district were greatly in need of legislative relief. To this work he at once applied himself with such diligence that before he had completed his second term ample legislation fiir that purpose had been secured. He was vigilant and active re- specting all matters of interest to Kansas, and there is little of Fed- eral legislation aflecting her development n])oii whicli he lias not left his impress. He was fond of his constituents and pi-oud of his State. In con- versation he delighted to dwell upon the early struggles and tri- umphs of the young Commonwealth. He indulged a just ])i'ide in having borne a part in all lier vicissitudes. When but a lad of thirteen years he participated in the contests and shared in I he pri- vations of the period. Fresh from his New England home, imbued with a love of freedom and jjrompted by the zeal inspired by the passions of the time, he siiouldereil Iiis rifle and with his coniniaiid marched forth to battle for human lii)erty. Mr. Haskell was gifted with a splendid physique, being con- siderably over six feet high and symmeti-ically proportioned. His l)odilv strength was great, and he was jiassionately fond of nihletic sports. In thouirht, speech, and action he was vigorous and aggressive. It seemed impossible for him to be lukewarm or apathetic in the perfornuuice of any task or the vere possibili- ties that pointed to the best and proudest results of statesmanship. He relied upon hard work rather than upon genius. His defini- tion of ability was intelligent industry. He regarded genius and talent as infant energies that could only be developed into robust manhood by the severest toil. His early death must be considered a national calamity. The great principles he so ardently espoused and s(, powerfidly main- tained have sustained a grievous loss. Tiie vigorous and stal- wart young State he in part represented with so nuich honor and fidelity bows under the burden of her great bei-cavcment. Just, genial, honorable, and artless, he has gone to his rewtird. His life was gentle : anil tlie elements So mixed in him that n;itnio niight .stand up And Siiy to all the world—" This is a man!" JDDIIESS OF MU. KELLEY, OF PEXXSYLVANIA. 15 I seem to see now iu faiuy my ileparted friend on that far shore, liis once soaring spirit in jjoacefnl repose at last, basking iu the glad snidight of an etei'iial morning. From that infinite height ■ may wo not fancy iiiin ( ipi'ciu'iiding in the vast sweep of his perfected vision the places, c\ciits, and interests that attracted his thoughts and engaged his energies in life'.' So shall he look down njjon a grateful conntry, her reverent millions paying the tribute of tears to one who served their interests faithfully, whose devotion to the cause of social regeneration and whose championship of the rights and dignity of American labor challenged their sincere ad- miration. In the van of them all will he behold the sorrowing hosts of his own State, watering his grave with tears and bedeck- ing it with lily and immortelle. When these flowers fiule and their fragrance perishes, surviving affection will rear a sculptured column al)ove his dust, and the enduring marble itself shall cnunbic and decay ere his name and fame fade from recollection. Address of Mr. Kelley, of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speakek : The premature death of so enlightened aud cour- ageous a legislator as Hon. Dudeey C. Haskell was an event to be solemnly commemorated. It was more than a bereavement to his family and friends. It was a national calamity. When, at the close of the Forty-seventh Congress, on the 4th of March last, I parted from him it was with a feeling of affectionate gratitude for the generous manner iu which he had assumed in the Committee on Ways aud Means and iu the conduct of the business of the committee on the floor of the House duties which belonged to me, but for the energetic performance of which a hideous disease was day by day disqualifying me. I felt that after years of pleas- ant and, to me, instructive association, our pathways now finally diverged; that he, with his giant frame, his active aud cultivated intellect, his indomitable energy and simple habits of life, went forth to long years of usefulness while I should seek the repose and endearment of home with an abiding apprehension that my tenure of life would not endure until Congress should reassemble. IG rJI'E AXD CHARACTER OF DUDLEY C. HASKELL. Let IK; iiiaii ;ittem|)t to f'ort'ti.'ll tin; mystorioiis issues ot'lilo and death, for it is true uu\v as it was before the flood tliat of two in a field or two griiidiiifr at a mill, one shall be taken and tiie other left. In this case the vigorous youtli has gone and the diseasefl old man, restored to iiealth, lives to mourn the loss of his gifted and young colaborer. Mr. Haskell's life was one of ceaseless activity. Conscious of the power with whicii lie was endowed, he regarded it as a trust held in use for others, and tiiough his form was that of Hcrcuies his mental energy and indomitable will exhausted it at so early an age as to justify us in asserting that death claimed him prematurely. Born in Vermont, he received his elementary education in his native town, Springfield, and emigrated with his mother to Law- rence, Kans., when but thirteen years old. In less than two years from his settlement in Lawrence he enrolled himself in what was known as Stubb's militia, and bore his part in the labors and perils of those turbulent days of border life as heroically as did the brawniest man in the corps. Released from military serv- ice, he returned to Springfield in 1857, entered the higli school, and remained as a pupil for sometiiing more than a year, when he returned to Lawrence and found employment in a commercial house. He enjoyed the excitement of extreme frontier life during tiie summers of 1859 and 1860 in Colorado, then known as Pike's Peak, and in 18G1 found an acceptable field of labor in the Quartermaster's Department of the Union Army, in whicli he rendered two years of faithful service. Notwithstanding his love of adventure it never quenched his yearning desire for knowledge, and, having obtained further preparatory education, he entered Yale College and passed about two years in a special scientific course of instruction and of commercial education. Having married Miss Keisey, of Berkshire, Mass., in Decem- ber, 1865, Mr. Haskell again returned to Lawrence and engaged in business. His was not, liowever, to be a life of quiet and domestic hajipiness, for which he was abundantly fitted, as was shown by the affectionate digrn'ty with which he ever treated his wife, and the tender affection he lavished upon his two little ADDBESS OF MI!. KELLEY, OF FENNSYLVAyiA. 17 daughters. Hi' seems to have been predestined to legislative life. His representative career began in 1872 and was cut short by his demise in 1883. Meanwhile he had been elected three times con- secutively to the legislature of Kansas; and had in 1876 been spontaneously chosen speaker of the house of representatives. In the fall of that year he was chosen to represent the second district of the State in the Congress of the United States, to which body he was re-elected in 1878, 1880, and 1882. When first elected to Congress he was but thirty-four years of age. His district was large in territory, and his unusually numer- ous constituency increased with a rapidity possible only in the most fertile and accessible of our frontier States. It was a purely agricultural district, but the interests involved in this department of industry in connection with those growing out of Indian affairs, railroad operations, the settlement of immigrants under pre-emp- tion and homestead laws made demands upon him exacting enough to test the strength and patience of the most vigorous and devoted Representative; yet, while neglecting none of these interests, Mr. Haskell found time to study diligently and with appreciative interest the economic laws which promote the progresf! of nations in population, wealth, and intelligence. Looking beyond the district lie had been chosen to represent, and the magnificent young Commonwealth of which it was a jiart, he was ever ready to give carefid and conscientious consideration to the most minute interest of the citizens of any State which might be affected by proposed legislation. He had read the writ- ings of the masters of the British school of political economy, and his tenacious memory was charged with the language in which most of the specious fallacies they announce as self-evident truths had been expressed ; but his trenchant habits of investigating theories, by whomsoever propounded, had saved him from their intellectual domination and given to the doctrines of social science and national economy, as distinguished from political economy, a ca])able and courageous pro])agandist. He was fond of illustrating the absurdity of the accepted dog- mas of political economv by reference to one of the fundamental H. Mis. 46 ii 18 /./i'Vi lyp ciiAn.irTKR of Dudley c. haskell. propositions of its most fjenerally accfipted teachers, Maltlius and Ricardo. The fiiii(hiiiii'iital assiiiiiptioii on wliieii tliese masters based mueli of theii system, and on tlie (•orrcetiiess of whicli thrv were accepted as the highest British autiiorities, was, that j^iiided by au unerring instinct of self-interest, men always settle first upon the richest lauds and when theseare occupied their successors are forced to spend their labor on inferior ami ever-inereasingl}' inferior lands, so that by this "inflexible law" the means of human sustenance would increase in but arithmetical progression while people to re- quire sustenance would increase geometrically. From this assump- tion, the falsity of which the early history of every country dis- plays, these accepted authorities had reached the conclusion that war, pestilence, and famine are beneficent agencies provided by a kind Providence to prevent mankind from passing through civili- zation into cannibalism as the I'esult of the overj)opulation of the earth. Mr. Haskkli/.s was a devoutly religious nature, and thouj^h he may not at first have been able to successfully disjnite the premises or overthrow the logic of Malthus and Ricardo he doubted their premises and shrunk from the impious conclusion that an all-pow- erful and beneficent God, in ordering His providence, had so adjusted it that the horrors of overpopulation nnist forever cloud the social atmosphere ; and that the sole agent for correcting this false ad- justment of means to ends provideil by the Almighty was the ghastly trinity of war, pestilence, and fiuninc. On the fertile prairies and slopes of Kansas young Haskell found nature's demonstration of the absurdity of this " dismal" assumption, and her refutation of the logic by which this impious assault on the goodness of God had been enforced. The proof Kansas furnished the seemingly sterile slopes and hills of Colorado corroborated. Observation taught him that neither individual im- migrants nor colonies ever settled first upon the best lands of the country into which they go as pioneers. These lands have ever been, as they now are, the bottom lands, which can not be ailapted to the uses of social life till population and capital have accumu- ADDRESS OF MR. EELLEY, OF rEXXSYLrAXIA. 19 luted in force and power suffieient for their adequate drainage and the application of other costly prerequisites to healthful occupa- tiotT; primitive settlement always takes place on uplands, which natural drainage prepares for human occu]>ation. The study of the progress of the early settlement of the British Islands and of the topography of early British traffic and post-roads would have saved IMalthns and Ricardo from the amazing blunder of predicating their pretentions works on so glaring a fallacy. The discussion of the problems of national economy was a pas- sion with Mr. Haskeli, ; and yet he never carried with him on the stump a protectionist authority. His favorite book for cam- paign purposes was Bastiat's Boj)hisms of the Protectionists. His method was, so he told me, to read one or more of Bastiat's most plausible propositions, and then to proceed to refute them by appeals to the personal knowledge and experience of his auditors. Repre- senting an agricultural constituency and State, he believed devoutly in the maintenance of a protective tariff as the only effective means of developing all the resources of the country and of cementing its unity by that law which produces the most perfect harmony of inter- ests as the result of the widest possible diversity of pursuits ; and his intelligence and the zeal with which he sought to propagate his economic faith had persuaded me that there lay before him a career of national usefulness which ))ersonal aptitudes and the course of events open to but few men of a generation. Mr. Haskei-L, wMth his herculean frame, his deep voice, and his sometimes sternly Puritan visage, was a genial companion and in all the honorable strifes of public life a generous foe. \n inci- dent, which I may without impropriety mention, will serve to show the frankness and generosity of his nature. The time ap- proached for closing general debate on the tariff bill, which the Committee on Ways and Cleans had rejmrted to the House with a favorable recommendation. This honorable duty belonged to mc as chairman of the committee that had reported the bill ; but in view of the physical and nervous prostration from which I was suf- fering I shrunk from its performance, and would have gladly con- fided it to either Mr. Haskell or Major McKinley of Ohio, be- 20 I'IFE AND CHARACTER OF DUDLEY C. HASKELL. tween whom and myself there was most perfect accord. But while I rejoiced in the fact that I had these two thoroughly instructed and trustworthy colleagues upon whom to devolve the duty, I could not determine to which the honor belonged, and submitted the question to the parties themselves for settlement. Upon what grounds it was determined I have never heard ; but it was agreed that INIr. Haskell should make the closing spcecii. Early on the 27th of January, 1883, Major McKinley submit- ted his views to the House and commanded an unusual measure of attention. Sound in argument and aptly illustrated by facts drawn from our past and current history and that of foreign manu- facturing nations, the speech exhibited his complete mastery of the great subject of economic science. As betook his seat members crowded about him to thank and congratulate him. Early among these was our friend Haskell; his tall figure towering above those who preceded him, and with his long arm outstretched above them toward the hero of the occasion, he said with much earnestness, ''McKinley, I shall make the last speech in favor of the bill, but you have closed the debate, ami I thank you for your splendid effort." This generous incident was thoroughly characteristic of the man ; but he who would fully appreciate the generous impulse that prompted it should read tiie speech with which its author did, in less than two hours, proceed to close the debate. It abounded in facts, each statement of which was uttered as an illustration of well-considered doctrine; and though it contained no allusion to the impious doctrines of Malthus and his disciple Ricardo, it is in itself their specific refutation. One of its leading objects was to show that the agricultural States needed diversification of employ- ments; that the workshop and the factory should be located in the midst of diversified agriculture ; that farming communities which depended on distant markets for their productions were compelled to sell the vital elements of their soil and to thus diminish the rewards of their future labor; and that the establishment of manu- facturing and commercial centers in the midst of agricultural com- munities, by furnishing markets for green cro])s, spring vcgeta- jDDUiiss 01'' MI!. TicKEii, OF rinoixi.!. 21 hies, lamb, veal, eggs, and otlier small products of" tlie fiinii, not only enhauced the value of land, hut increased its productive power by producing natural fertilizers, so that instead of increase of population tending to famine, in connection with good hus- bandry it tended to increase of production and more abundant means of subsistence. That speech was an illustration of the power and noble aim of Dudley C. Haskell, and should be distributed widely enougii to keep his memory green in every houiestead of the State he loved so well and in the service of whose people he sacrificed his life bv unresting toil that exhausted a young giant's vital forces. Address of Mr. Tucker, of Virginia. ^fr. Speaker : When death stills forever the heart of its victim calumny and enmity stand silent, partisan and jjersonal aniniositv are hushed, and friendship and charity unite to weave garlands of amaranthine flowers for the new tomb, to commemorate the virtues and to signalize the immortality of the lamented dead. This House meets to-day to pay a merited tribute of honor and respect for our departed comrade, Hon. Dudley C. Haskell. I knew Mr. Haskell, not from personal intimacy, but from mv relations to his public .service in this House and upon the Com- mittee on Ways and ]\Ieans during the Forty-scventli Congre.ss. He was a native of Vermont, but in early life sougiit as his resi- dence tlie new State of Kansas, which came into the Union aflter unusual disturbances of its peace and order during its territorial life. Mr. Haskell was an earnest Republican, and no doubt par- took somewhat of the intense feelings which had marked the early history of Kansas; and these gave decided direction to his politi- cal opinions. He was a strong partisan, and yet kind and liberal in his jiersonal intercour.se with his political opponents. I found him on committee very diligent, practical, and earnest in all its labors. Decided in his convictions, he had the courage whictli they inspire in maintaining his opinions. He took a very 22 IJI'E AND CHARACIKR OF DUDLliY C. HASKELL. pruiniiiciit part in tlie last Congress in the debates in committee and in the House upon the tariff question, and manifested great zeal and industry in the investigation of the faets, statistics, and principles which, in his view, should guide the policy of the (Jov- ernniet upon that very controverted question. Upon questions involving the rights and interests of his own people, including those of Indians inhabiting the State of Kansas, he was vigilant and untiring. He spoke always with great ear- nestness and with abilities which were practical, direct, and instruct- ive. He wa,s remarkable for great industry, and acquired with diligence all the information which in his judgment would reflect light upon the subject under discussion. In all my relations with him we were friends. Xo word or ac- tion on either part was ever designed, I am sure, to wound the feel- ings or to disturb these cordial sentiments ; and with this happy retrospect of our friendship I am glad on this occasion to pay this brief and imperfect tribute to the public and private integrity, to the patriotism and ability of an honored citizen, and to the pri- vate virtues of my departed friend. He has left an honorable public record, the character of an honest and uprigiit man, and the memory of private and domestic virtues wiiich will keep his mem- ory green in the hearts of the people of his State, of his personal friends, and, above all, of his bereaved and loving household. Address of Mr. Keifer, of Ohio. Mr. Speaker : By the death of Dudley C. Haskell the coun- try lost an eminent statesman and this House a valued member. It is proj^er that the ordinary course of legislation should stand still, and that we should pause in our own daily course to honor his memory, imbibe a lesson from his example in life, and take heed from his early death. Others will speak of his last hours. I will only attempt to bear testimony, in brief words, to his excellent life. Says a famed writer (Johnson) : " It matters not Jiow a man dies, but how lie lives." ADDIIESS OF MI}. KJilFEirOF OBIO. 23 Mr. Ha.skell died ydiiiig and in tlie t'nll Ijldnni of" a nseful ])ub- lic life. Born Marcli 24, 1842, he died December 16, 1883, less than forty-two years of age. Thougli of New England parents and birth, he was at thirteen years of age upon tlie j)laius of Kansas, and in an essential sense engaged at tlie beginning of the long and bloody battle for hnnian freedom, which ended only after half a million of men were slain by the snrrender of the insnrgent armies in 1865. I liave heard him speak of standing with his hand in his motlier's, beiiind the rude parental habitation in Kansas, when but a youth, to avoid the bullets fired by those who sought to carry slavery into the fair territory west of Missouri. From patriotic, freedom-loving lips of parents and in tlie fierce struggle to stay aggressive slavery in its threatening efforts to se- cure supremacy Dudley C. Haskell early learned heroic lessons which guided him tiirongh life. He was a volunteer soldier in the late war. He served three terms in the iioiise of representatives of the State of Kansas, the last term as its speaker. He was a distinguished public educator. He served three full terms in this House, includ- ing the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty -seventh Congresses, and he was here, though prostrated on Ids death-bed, with hopeful anxiety to take the oatii of office and enter upon a term in this House to which he had l>een by iiis constituents elected.. Through his friends he besougiit the Speaker to find some justifiable prece- dent or constitutional right to go to his bedside and qualify him as a member of this House by administering to him the oath pre- scribed by law and the Constitution. He had a colleague select him a seat, which lie prayed to be spared to occupy. He, prompted by duty' to his constituents and to his country, besought tiie privi- lege, through a colleague, to offer a large number of bills he had prepared, so that they might go earlj' to committees. His thoughts in his last hours were of duty here, tiiough iiis malady was of a kind that caused him much bodily pain. Death brought peace and tranc[uil!ity to a busy, restless soul, and changed duty on earth and to his fellow-man to other and higher duties in realms above. 24 LIFE AND CHARACTER OF nVDI.EY C. HASKELL. He was a firm believer in God and a better life bevond tlu,' u^i-ave, and he lived an honest, pure, Cliristian life, worthv of example to all. He was a man of firm convictions and keen perceptions of the right. He was opposed to slavery, to polygamy, and to every evil that degraded the human race. He was no fanatic. He gave a reason for his belief, and generally found the right one. His san- guine temperament gave him the appearance at times of being hasty in reaching and expressing conclusions on grave questions. But he was a student, and made his researches patiently and generallv alone; and when his mind was satisfied he zealously tried to im- press his views upon others. He gave little, if any, time to idle speculation over important subjects, but preferred bv study to ex- haust them before he talked much about them. He was temperate in his habits, and only intemperate in his cease- less toil. He had little time for social life, not that he was averse to it, but because he regarded it time lost. Perhaps more of social commingling and less of constant application to what he regarded his higher duty would have prolonged his life. and his usefulness. His great, strong body was too seldom relaxed, and, as a conse- quence, physical exhaustion came, followed by death. The sum of his work in his six years of Congressional life is great, and in point of material usefulness to his country equals the best of his colleagues or predecessors. In the beginning of the American Congress a member of tliis House represented about 30,000 inhabitants. Mr. Haskell received, when elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, 30,758 votes, and there were cast in his district at the same election 54,495 votes, representing a population of probably 275,000, enough to have given above nine Representatives in the first Congress. The average population of a district, based on the population of 1880, is 151,912. It is not in the matter of pupulation alone that we find evidence of multiplied duties for members of this House over those of mem- bers of earlier days. It is more marked in the new, multiplied, and diversified interests of the present as compared with those of ADDllESS OF MR. KFAFER, OF OHIO. 25 the earlier and simpler days of the Republie. The duties of a inein- her now exceed the necessary duties of a mendier in earlier days so ninch that comparison is hardly possible. His duties then and now can more appnjpriately be placed in contrast than in comparison. We look to I'emote times for the higher types of statesmanship because we are too apt to revere, indiscriminately, men and things of the past. I believe modern statesmen are purer, abler, harder- worked if not wiser men than their predecessors. When Mr. Haskkli. was made a member of tlie Ways and Means Committee of this House in the last Congress, he was not specially familiar with the details of the important business to be brought before it, yet when it ended its labors with the C'ongress he was master of the subjects before that committee. None excelled him. His labors bore fruits which have ripened in the sunshine of material progress and have been garnered by a busy, prosperous nation. He loved and clung to his wife and children. Thev loved him. Mr. Haskef,!, fell at his post of life's duty. He so lived as to be ready and prepared to die. He successfully tried to do his duty to his country, his family, and to his God. His body was borne from the scene of his toil and public life here to his Western home, and buried there with honor in the midst of a people who knew, loved, and trusted him. They were proud of him in life; he of them. Dead, they honor and revere his memory. He fought for the rights and liberties of man, and went down in the fore front. His whole career blossomed with patriotism and love for his fellow-men. He lies buried among a restless, dauntless, am- bitious peoi)le. This is eminently fitting and proper. Let till' sound of those be wrought for, Aud the feet of those he fought for, Echo round his bones for evermore. And further, in the words of England's laureate : Such w.as he: his work is done ; But while the races of mankind endure. Let his great example stantl Colossal, seen of every land, And keo|> the soldier firm, the statesman pure, Till in all lands and thro' all human story The path of duty he the way to glory. 26 A//'A' JNn CHAIUCTEIl OF DUDLEY C. HASKELL. Address of Mr. McKinley, of Ohio. Mr. Speakeu : I cannot permit this occasion to pass witliout adding a word expressive of my high appreciation of the character and qualities of onr late associate, and of the deep sorrow I feel in common with many others at his early and premature death. I knew Dudley C. HasIvELL well and intimately. We en- tered Congress at the same time, seven years ago, and early in our service here became friends. This friendship grew warmer, closer, and more confiding until the day of his death. During the last Congress it was my fortune to be a fellow-member of the same committee, and almost daily for months we sat side by side in tlie committee room. It was there I came to learu his virtues and ap- preciate his high qualities of head and heart. He was a valued friend, unselfish and always manly, and a steady ally in committee or on the floor of the House. He was. a man of pure thought and lofty purposes, keen perception and clear judgment, whose life was helpful to all who came within the circle of his influence, and whose strong individuality impressed itself upon the affairs in wliich lie took part. He was a man of great integrity. There were no dark corners in his ciiaraeter to be hid from sight; his life was an open book of rare worth, without blur or defect. His politics, like his religion, were born of genuine conviction. He loved liberty, and hated op- pression and proscription in every form. He would become elo- quent and his words glowed with rare fervor in his recital of the early struggles of his State for liberty and free government. He had convictions and they pierced and possessed his soul. They were a pjirt of him, and he never lacked the courage to utter them. Pie was a man of stern will and unremitting industry. He never spared himself or shirked duty, responsibility, or labor. He was an indefatigable worker, often touching the extreme limit of physi- cal possibilities. He was not only a student but he was a scholar; however, most of his intellectual equipment was self-acquired and earned outside of college walls. He never stopped until he had ADDRESS OF MR. RICE, OF MASSACHUSETTS. 27 mastered the subject in liand. He built from tlie bottom, digging deep, and he always buiided well. He was a strong debater, witii a voice which could penetrate every part of this Hall; with great readiness, a commanding pres- ence, and a well-stored mind, he stood in the front rank of the ablest and best of his fellow-members. In the Forty-seventh Congress he took a high place among his associates, and had he been permitted to take his seat iu this Con- gress he would have stood abreast of those to whom we gladly accord the rank of leadership. Death claimed him at the very threshold of a great career — at the moment when he seemed best prepared for wider usefulness and for theachieveraentof higher triumphs, when he appeared best titted to serve his State and country. But he is gone. Dudley C. Haskell is no longer among us, called by a wise Providence from this presence. We bow to this decree, pausing only a little while to-day, not to question the inscrutible mysteries of that Provi- dence or to challenge His ordering, liut to pay our last tribute, give our heart offerings to one who in life we loved and honored, and who, though removed from these scenes forever, leaves behind naught but memories most ^^leasingand reflections most instructive, and the record of a life the study of which cannot fail to make us better citizens, wiser and more faithful representatives of the peo- ple. His family have lost the devoted husband and the affectionate and generous father, his district and State a strong Representative on this floor, the country at large a wise and patriotic public serv- ant, and all of us a faithful friend and valuable associate. Address of Mr. Rice, of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker: Mr. Haskell was born in Vermont in 1842. When he was less than a year old his father moved to Massachu- setts. The father was a strong, energetic, restless man, of that peculiar New England type who have carried and planted the principles and institutions of the Puritans from Plymouth to Ore- 28 ///'/:; 1X1) CHAKACTEI! OF DUDLEY C. HASKELL. gon. During the tt-n years lie lived in Massachusetts he was a resident in half as many different towns, making his mark in all as a man of spirit and vigor but finding a settled home in none. At last, in 1853, he came to North Brookfield, a town in my own county, then, as now, famous for the manufacture of boots and shoes. In that beautiful village, under the shadow of the largest boot factory in the world, he rested in his wanderings and fancied he iiad found permanent shelter and honic Dudley attended the public school during its sessions, and worked in the boot factory in odd hours and vacations. Pegging machines, except of human flesh and blood, had not then been invented, and the little fellow pegged brogans made of unbleached russet leather for the Southern market. He was industrious and earned good wages, but is still remembered as sometimes apparently forgetting his work and los- ing himself in reverie. He was called absent-minded. Was he dreaming of the time when he should stand, the central figure to thousands of eyes, uttering words to be read by millions, influen- tial iu shaping the laws of the Re])ublic, freest and most imperial of history? With characteristic enterprise, tiie father invested all his re- sources in constructing from an aljandoned church a four-teuement house. It was nearly finished for its new purpose, when, on the night of July 4, 1854, it was bin-ned to the ground. The father was ruined, financially, by the calamity; to the son it opened the career which was to lead on and up to the high places of the land. In 1851 Kansas was a wilderness. The tide of emigration had reached the great rivers; all along its path the struggle had been waged, with varying fortune, between the spirit of freedom and of slavery. On the bordei'S of the new Territory the rival forces mustered for desperate conflict — should Kansas be slave or free? It seemed as if on the answer to that question hung the mighty issue whether freedom or slavery should forever rule the Republic. Far away on the Atlantic coast, Massachusetts watched the ct)nflict and essayed her best endeavors that Kansas should be free. An emigrant aid association was organized ; Eli Thayer of Worcester was its projector, Amos Lawrence of Boston its banker, Charles JDDUESS OF J//?. BrCE, OF MAl^SACHUSETTS. 29 Robinson of Fitclibiirg its pioneer. A surveying party was sent out in tlie spring of 1854 who selected a site for a city and named it Lawrence. In August, 1854, the second party of emigrants left Worcester under the lead of Charles Robinson; they were tall men and strong; they were inspired by that strange, fierce instinct, that love of adventure mingled with devotion to a cause, which has impelled the Saxon race westward from the center of Northern Europe over ocean and continent, planting everywhere the pillars of a civilization higher and stronger than the world had known before. In this company of emigrants was Mr. Haskell, senior. The month before, all his worldly wealth had vanished in smoke aud ashes. With undaunted heart he turned his back upon his past, his face set towards an unknown and perilous future. I saw him that summer afternoon as he commenced his journey ^or a new home and a free one. In one hand he carried his blanket, in the other his Sharps rifle. He did not return; but, in the following March, Dudlev and his mother, with anotiier company, joined the earlier settlers, and found their iiome in Lawrence. The father survived but three years. An elder brother stepped into the vacant place, and was to Dudley both brother and father. He urged and helped him to study, aud thereby fitted him for the useful and conspicuous life — all too brief — for which he was des- tined. At the age of thirty-four he was the honored Representa- tive in Congress of the great State with nearly a million people which was an unpopulated wilderness when, a l)oy of fifteen, he first set foot upon its soil. First elected to the Forty-fifth Congress, he was prevented by sick- ness from taking the oath on the first day of the session. Many days later he made his appearance, and we saw for the first time his tall, erect, stalwart figure on this floor. I can see his face as I saw it then, fixed, earnest, resolved, and as I recall it I fancy that I discern that absent, far-away, dreamy expression his comrades saw on it when he was a bov. From his entrance here he was a marked man. His command- 30 LIFE AND CHARACTEli OF DUDLEY C. HASKELL. ing figiu'C and powei'ful voice enabled him to force iiis way to the front in the stormy debates in which he so often took a part. Sometimes in the early part of his service we might think that he spoke too often and with too little forethought, but we soon learned that he was sincere- and earnest ; that he never spoke without an honest purpose, and that his very vehemence was but the effort of his strong bufnot thoroughly disciplined intellect to force its thoughts into jiroper and consistent jihrase. No man grew more rapidly than he in confidence, esteem, and influence. He soon ceased to be a scout, a skirmisher, a sharjj-shooter, and became a leader of the center columns. About him were men, veterans in service, who had made party issues, questions of political economy, their study for scores of years; others trained and disciplined by the tough contests of professional life, and others polished and re- fined by the highest culture of this most cultured age; but among them all none were more conspicuous in the great debates of the last Congress than this young man of Kansas, who, through an unsettled childhood, a destitute orphanage, a hand-to-hand strug- gle for bread and a place among his fellows, at forty years seemed to have reached but the beginning of his development. Six brief, bright years of public service, and, " weary with the march of life," he fell — and perished? No, he lives yet — we may not say in what other sphere — he lives here, in the memory of what he did, teacher, example, guide to the young men of the land. Without early advantages he did not despond, but constantly pressed forward in usefulness and distinction. Engrossed in ex- acting occupation, he never forgot the wife and children who loved him for his unselfish, unremitting tiioughtfulness and care. Poor, wanting many things, sometimes hardly pressed, he was always honest; no bribe ever crossed his hand, no thought of illicit gain ever sullied his pure and upright manhood. lie was ambitious. Let us not deny it. " He bore the banner with the strange device, excelsior." Let us not blame, but praise him for it. Ambition is one of God's best gifts to men. It forces them out of low surroundini/s, out of iuiiorance and sloth, into the AUDHESS OF J/7?. HVSSEI.L, of MASSACHUSETTS. 31 higher sunh'ght on the hills. It has its victims. De Long, dying in the snow, was one ; Gordon, going alone to the succor of outly- ing posts of civilization, may be another; but the world is better f'di- thini ; it builds temples to their memory, sacred places wherein we wursiiip and give thanks that patience, heroism, and high as- piration are still omnipotent in the soul of man. Haskell was ambitions to serve well and deserve much. He accomplished his wish, but in doing it he assumed burdens he could not carry long. Fallen in his prime, we mourn for him as a friend ; but we are proud of him as another example of what can be done in this free land, in self develojiment and advancement, by those who will and work. Address of Mr. RusSELL, of Massachusetts. ]\Ir. Spkakei: : ^^\• pause from our legislative r M.tss.iciirs/rrrs. 33 He passed sileiitlv and praccinlly away in the rarly dawn tu\\ do. Sell-re- liant almost to raslmess, he ne\'er hesitated in the line ol'dnty to I'caeh ont for the possiMe. I lis investigation of a snhjeel ended only in its mastery. To ohsenre' or eont'nse it was alike impossihie and unnecessary. Ho was ambitious, and had a rii;ht to he. In public life he found a restless yet faseinatinj^ pleasure. Success attended him. To the honors of collegiate labor were soon add(Kl those of his State and country. Worthilv won, thev were honor- ably worn. Achieved by honest merit, they were eularticd ami burnished by honest toil and patriotic sacrifices. The trusts re- posed in him were sacredly executed. His pledged word was in- violate. His political honor, equally with his personal honor, he kept saereil and spotless. True, brave, and steadfast, his acquaint- ances became his friends, and the latter were nHdtii)lied. His constituents followed him with pride. He was fit to lead. His arguments in this forum were rejieated to them without evasion or apology. Frank and honest with his people, he could but be frank and honest with his colleagues on this floor. Seeking to represent faithfully his district and State, he yet had less of the laudible sel- fishness of local or geographical interests than any of his compeers, and was never unmindful of the great duties he owed to the wdiole country. He studied and toiled and struggled. Thorough in investigation, accurate in detail, logical in argument, and often elo- quent in application and conclusion, he grew strong in debate, and advanced toward the leadership of his party. He was becoming a giant. Elected a member of this Congress, his responsibilities were en- larged by the general recognition of his intellectual power. He ■seemed to realize the fact, and pnspared himself to meet it. No command of his physicians, no appeal of his anxious friends, could swerve him from what he believed to be the path o'" duty. He believed the mind should dominate the body, whatever the stress or strain. He had thought nuich upon legislation, and saw, or thought he saw, the work of his hands in former Congresses about to be reviewed by his political adversaries. The sharp, keen con- ADDUIiSS (IF MI!. BllCMCS, OF MISSOUHI. 37 Hict iit'miiul witli miiul :iiiil system with system was already be- fore liis eye.s. He saw the euiniii^- all-niglit vigils, and the glare and heatof the fierce onset — the thrust, tlu' parry, and the parliamen- tary blow. The tunndt of'aetion and eheers of vietory resounded in his ears as, unconsciously, his vital force was departing, pitifully ominous of tile end. At his post of duty, overtaxe*! and overbur- dened bv the peculiar exactions of C'ongressional life in this House, the lamented Haskell, like many anotlier, diertunity eanie for bringing out his highest capabilities he was gone, and the world now can only measure him by the work he has lefl beliind him. In tiic humble tribute I pay his memory to-day I will refer briefly to some of Iiis traits of character a.s they impressed me during my acquaint- ance witli him in this body, but the most I know of him I learned from the friends of his youth and of his manhood, whose eyes moist- ened and whose li[)s quivered as they gave me the story of his life. Before coming here HaskelIj had served with distin(^tion in the general assembly of his State, and was well trained in the methods of legislative proceedings. He was from the beginning of his Con- gressional career recognized as among the foremost of iiis partv. As an evidence of the estimate put on his al>ilily by those witli wlioui lie scrvcil, lie wiLs assigned places upun the most im|)ortant committees of the House. He was ef[ual always to the duties In; a.ssumed. In debate Haskell talked well. He seldom wandered from his subject, and never fell below the level of the occasion. He was of a robust and well-disciplined mind, and culpable of striking vigor- ous blows for what lie believed to be right. In the declaration of his opinions lie was bold and frank, and he maintained his views with great zeal. Of an activeand aggressive temperament, he some- times asserted his convictions with an earnestness that seemed dic- tatorial, but he was ever unconscious of a purpose to offen CIIAUACTKH OF IHIIIJIV C. IIASKEIJ.. to cuter tlic (Idiiiaiii of liis beliefs. He \v;is ([iiirk in (Imiul;1i( :iiii1 prompt in net ion. 1 lis was Till' lii'oii spirit 'I'liiit 8(^iz<^,H tlic |ii<)iii|il, uc(,Msi(iii— tiiuUi's the IIkiii.uIiI Start into Instaiit action, ami at once Plans and porfoiMns, rcsolvi >, and cxccntcs. Tie was a worker. His was a gLMiiiis tliat not only fiiriiislied its "own fuel, hut liglited its own fire." He never allowed iiis en<'r^ies to stagnate. Tliose of us wlio served with iiini in the Forty-seventh Con- oress will not soon forget how, througli the weary days of the tariif and reveiuie discussion, lie came every morning to the contest with his armory full of wi'apons botii ollonsive and ilefensive. His nights were devoted to study, his days to work. When the House adjourned lie became a learner ; when it nact he was a teacher. T( i me it seemed that he had mastered the minutest detail of the ciini|)lex measure under consideratiou. The fullness of his infonuation, the exactness of his knowledge of every branch of the sul)ject, was a surprise to all who did not know his inflexible purpose and un- tiring energy. It is more than proi)abU' that these labors so severclv taxed his physical resources as to hasten his death; but as man's life-work is all he has to front eternity with, it is no cause for .sorrow that the death wound is received on the field of duty. To know a man's real character, to pass correct judgment on his inner life — his life of motive, of atiection, of devotion to duty — we must learn in what e.stcem he is held by those who have in prosperity and adver- .sity seen his daily walk and conversation. Both adversity and prosjierity try the forties of man's spiritual nature. Hasickll had seen both; had been de|)ressed by the one and encouraged and comforted by the other. On the one hand business misfor- tunes had overtaken him, while on the other political preferment — through the expression of a people's confidence — had crowned him with honor. At every step he had b(<'n confronted by atluty recpiiring fiir its ADDiaCSS or MU.'-BUOWyE, or IXDIAXA. 41 ])cil(iriii;iiiee a couragooii.s maiilioo;ist \v(' learn of two islands lowitod in an uidcnowii sea. Tlic ^nH' was called the isl;ind oCtiie living, and the other that of the dead. Into thi^ for- mer death iievei' roidd eiiti'r. Its city was resplendent with heanty, and in its gardens and ])arks no Hower lost its flush, no violet its hue, and no lily \vas ever nnmbed by the hard hand of frost. But disease was allowed to visit its iiduihitants. They were hlcst with the attributes of immortalily, yet cursed with the intirmities of humanity. Tiiere was immense wealth in this island, and all the festivities and festoons that it could afford. There were drum-beats of glory, and the whirls of the dance, and the soft lute- tones of gayety. But the inhabitants of this island wearied of it>s joys and activities and sought re[)ose beneath the shadows of the island of death. Sleep had taught them that there might be a sur- cease from sorrow and that the weary limbs and tired souls might somewhere iiud rej)ose. They constructed their barks and entering on their uncertain voyage struck for the shores of the other isle and reaching them were at rest. Does not this legend typify the nlations of those who dwell in the annals of time to those who rest in the realms of eternitv ? The weariness of life inspires the enjoyment of death, and Ham- let expressed but an instinctive fear when he dcehired in his solilo- quy that we must not fly from the burdens of to-day to the uncer- tainties that might occur to-morrow. ''That which is universal cannot be an evil." The dread of death is but an animal instinct. The falling of th<' leaf is death; ttie withering of the flower is death; the chang- ing (if the foliage in the forest is death. The wrinkles ou our faces, the increasing gray in our hair, are but the indications of the coming of the great Master who gives us repose. His hand, after all, is soft as the dews of the morning. Even the condemned in his prison eats a hearty meal and sleeps iiii>i,-i:ss or mi;. liEi.Fonn, of coloumio. 45 (|iiic't!v till- nitilit that prcrnlcs liis cxeciitioii. It is iidt ilcatli tlial is tciiililc, lint it is tlic s('|iarati