1 F. H. PEELLE^ Power Press Printer, 252 broadway^ New York. ^ •1 TEbEGRAPHIC AND CABLE ADDRESS : PHAMPLET, NEW YORK. EPITOME OF THE WORLD'S PATENT LAWS AND STATISTICS / BY V THE BRITISH AND EUROPEAN PATENT AGENCY, FRED'K W. BARKER, Manager, (Registered English Patent Agent, according to Act of Parliament.) Offices \—2^2 BROADWAY, (Opposite City HalL) NEW YORK. And Monument Chambers, King William Street, LONDON, E. C, ENGLAND. IVashington Correspondent : WALTER C. CLEPHANE, Attorney-at-Law, . 344 D STREET, NORTH WEST. The Agency has the most reliable correspondents in all the Capi- tals of the world, and is enabled to procure Talents in all countries under the most favorable conditions. Having also special facilities for the sale of Talents in all countries, negotiations are conducted for clients when desired, on Commission. NEW YORK : The British and European Patent Agency, Copyrighted 1891 1891. BY F. W. BARKER. PREFACE. This little book has been prepared with the two-fold object of giving to inventors and others interested in new inventions some of the most needful information required when contemplating ob- taining patents in every country where patent laws exist, together with statistics and particulars of the products and leading indus- tries of each country. As these particulars have all been taken from the most reliable sources, a study of the same will enable an intending patentee to select, the best fields for his invention. The cost of a patent in each country being shown, he may easily de- termine the outlay necessary to secure the most valuable property. The other details of patenting herein contained will be useful as showing the nature of the protection afforded in each country. V" <> INTRODUCTION. It is proposed to show in the following pages, under the head- ing of each country, the cost of taking out letters patent ; the maximum period for which patents are granted ; the amount of taxes (if any) to sustain patents, and how payable ; when applica- tion for patents should be made, and conditions of working patents in those countries where the law requires inventions to be put into operation to avoid forfeiture, Also, under the heading of each country, will be given its population, area, leading manufactures, and information regarding agriculture, mining, railways, etc. In obtaining patents in foreign countries it is important to note the requirements as to when application should be made. Per- haps the safest plan is to cause foreign applications to be made on the day of issue of a United States patent. Should foreign appli- cations be made at the same time as the United States application, or on any date prior to the United States issue, the term of the United States patent (which is greater than that allowed in most countries) would thereby be caused to expire with the shortest term foreign patent thus applied for. It is, moreover, imperative in some countries, notably, Germany and France, that applica- tions should be made not after issue in the United States. This Agency has facilities for filing patent applications simultaneously in all parts of the world. THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUS- TRIAL PROPERTY. The following countries are parties to this convention, under which patentees have certain advantages : Belgium. Norway. Brazil. Portugal. France. Servia. Great Britain. Spain. Gautemala. Sweden. Italy. Switzerland. Netherlands. Tunis. United States of America. The feature of interest to American inventors in the conven- tion is that they are allowed protection for seven months in the allied countries, dating from the time of filing their United States applications. Should they make corresponding applications in any of the said countries within seven months from the date of their United States application, such foreign applications will be dated back to the date of the United States application. Thus, if any one else has applied abroad meanwhile, or the invention has been made public and worked in the other countries, the United States patentee will nevertheless be able to maintain his rights and take precedence from the date of his United States application. CHARGES. The prices quoted herein for obtaining patents include all gov- ernment fees for the whole or part term of patent right, as shown. Our charges also cover the preparation of one sheet of drawings (in duplicate or triplicate, in accordance with the requirements of the different patent offices), and for other than English speak- ing countries we translate 2,000 words of description without further cost. If, however, more than one sheet of drawings is necessary to illustrate the invention, $5 must be added to the quoted charges for each additional sheet, and for all over 2,000 words of description -we charge 50 cents for every additional 100 words to be translated. In the Australasian colonies, $5 is charged for every 1,000 words or part of 1,000 after the first 2,000 words of description. No other extras whatever are charged under any circumstances. We are able to attend to the working of patents wherever re- quired, and charges for this service will be furnished on applica- tion. All inquiries answered by return mail. ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. Total cost of 5 years' patent, - - - $200 00 << '* <' 15 '* " - - - 460 GO NO TAXES. DURATION, — Patent cannot be extended beyond term for which originally obtained. When a foreign patent has been obtained, protection in the Republic will be limited to ten years. APPLICA TION must be made before complete publi- tion of the invention in any country. WORKING must be effected within two years from issue of patent. Area in sq. miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,095,013 4,200,000 $74,370,000 $287,384,941 The principal productions are wool, hides, linseed, sugar, maize, wheat, and tobacco. Minerals are copper, silver, coal, salt, alum, sulphur, and gold. There are 5,000 miles of railways open, and 8,000 miles of tele- graphs, the latter being the property of the Republic. AUSTRIA HUNGARY. Cost of patent, including first year's taxes, - $60.00 TAXES are as follows : Second, third, fourth and fifth years, each - $22 50 Sixth year, --_--.. 27 50 Seventh year, - - - - - -3250 Eighth year, - - - - - - 35 50 Ninth year, - - - - - - -38 50 Tenth year, ------ 41 50 Eleventh year, - - - - - -47 50 Twelfth year, ------ 54 50 Thirteenth year, - - - - - - 60 50 Fourteenth year, ----- 66 50 Fifteenth year, 72 50 5 DURATION of patent is fifteen years, bnt it will expire simultaneously with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been completely published in the Empire. WORKING must be commenced within one year from date of patent, and must not be discontinued for any two consecutive years. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports.' 261,649 41,827,700 $371,262,885 $907,700,415 The soil produces grain of all kinds, potatoes, beet- root, and wine. The minerals are gold, silver, copper, iron, quicksilver, lead, tin, zinc, coal, antimony, and sulphur. The chief manufactures are iron, woollens, cottons, glass, silk and silk goods, leather and leather goods, instruments, watches^ etc. 14,500 miles of rail- way are open for traffic, and 105,360 miles of telegraph wire. The merchant marine consists of 9,728 vessels, with a burthen of 31 1,987 tons. BARBADOES. Total cost of patent, - _ _ _ -$125.00 TAXES AND DURATION.— The patent may be extended to second and third terms of seven years each, by the respective payments of $150.00 and $200.00. APPLICA TION should be made before the invention has been made known or used in the island. WORKING must be effected within three years after filing the specification. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 166 171,860 $872,095 $2,240,958 About 100,000 acres are highly cultivated. The prin- cipal exports are sugar, molasses, and rum. L BELGIUM. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, ------ $30.00 TAXES are as follows: $7.50 for the second year, and this amonnt increasing by $2.00 each succeeding year. DURA TION of patent is twenty years, except where a prior foreign patent of shorter term has been ob- tained, when the Belgian patent will lapse with such foreign patent. APPLICATION should be made before the invention has been completely published or used in Belgium. Official publication, such as that contained in the United States patents, is not a bar to patenting. WORKING must be effected in Belgium within one year from the commencement of working abroad, and must be continued each succeeding year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 11,373 6,030,043 $83,148,100 $154,140,000 The chief minerals are coal, iron, zinc, lead, and cop- per. Belgium is an important manufacturing country, the leading manufactures being firearms, machinery, iron and steel, glass, woollens, cottons and linen, lace, hosiery, beet sugar, paper, and beer. There were, in 1886, 2,756 miles of railway, and 3,893 miles of tele- graphs. BRAZIL. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - - - - - -$175.00 TAXES are as follows: $20.00 for the second year, and this amount increasing by $6.00 each succeeding year. DURATION oi patent is fifteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION should be made before publication or public use of the invention in Brazil. WORKING must be effected within three years from issue of patent, and must not afterwards be suspended for more than one year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 3,219,000 14,000,000 $85,542,414 $219,923,840 The forests of Brazil are very extensive, and abound in a great variety of useful and beautiful woods. The principal products are India rubber, tobacco, sugar, coffee, cotton, cocoa, etc. The minerals are very con- siderable and valuable, comprising gold, silver, iron, diamonds, topazes, and other precious stones. There were 5,281 miles of railway open in 1888, and 869 miles building. Telegraph wires, 7,605 miles. BRITISH GUIANA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for seven years, ----- $350.00 TAXES are as follows : $125.00 before the end of the seventh year. DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been publicly used in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population; Revenue. Imports and Exports. Undetermined. 282,066 $2,614,310 $20,572,760 The. chief product is sugar; other products are rum, molasses, cocoanuts, timber , and gold. Railway, 2 1 miles ; telegraphs, 260 miles. BRITISH HONDURAS. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, - - - - -$225.00 TAXES are as follows: At end of third year, $60.00; at end of seventh year, $110.00. DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION should be made before the invention has been published or publicly used in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 7,562 27,452 $330,543 $1,823,945 The chief products are mahogany, logwood and other woods, sugar, rum, Indian corn, etc. CANADA (DOMINION OF). Cost of patent, including Government fees for five years, ------ $50.00 TAXES are as follows: At the end of fifth year, $22.50; at the end of tenth year, $22.50. DURATION of patent is fifteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made within one year of issue of corresponding patent in another country. Should, however, the manufacture of the invention be commenced in Canada by other persons than the patentee between the dates of the foreign patent and the Cana- dian application, such persons could not be restrained from continuing to manufacture. WORKING must be effected within two years from the date of patent. A model, not exceeding 12 inches on any side, must be furnished. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 3,470,257 5,000,000 $39745415 $42,002,897 The land produces all the varieties of cereals, fruits, roots, etc. Cattle raising and dairy farming are con- ducted very extensively. The minerals are iron, zinc, lead, copper, nickel, silver, gold, cobalt, coal. Farm- ing, fishing, and the lumber trade form the staple indus- tries, but all kinds of manufactures are carried on. Petrolettm is produced in large quantities ; phosphate of lime and asbestos are also abundant, and sandstone, lime- stone, slate, and marbles are found. There were 13,325 miles of railway open in 1889, and 58,500 miles of tele- graph wire. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Cost of patent, including Government fees for three years, ------ $145.00 - TAXES are as follows : At end of third year, $60.00 ; at end of seventh year, $110.00. DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published or put to public use in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports ana Exports. 217,895 1,428,700 $21,690,570 $18,037,284 The soil produces grain and tobacco. The principal industries are the production of wool and wine, and the rearing of horses, cattle and ostriches. There are important copper mines, the ore being of the richest kind, and a large amount of coal is raised annually. Diamonds are discovered in vast quantities, the value of those exported in 1889 being nearly $22,000,000. Of railways, there are 1,608 miles open for traffic, and 4,510 miles of telegraph are in use. CEYLON. Total cost of patent (when English patent has been obtained), ----- $150.00 Total cost of patent (when no English patent has been obtained), ----- 200.00 NO TAXES. DURA TION of patent is fourteen years, and may be extended to a second term of fourteen years. 10 APPLICA TION should be made before the invention has been publicly used in Ceylon. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 35.365 3,000,000 $6,734,944 $39,428,838 The principal agricultural products are rice and other grain, tea, coffee, cocoanuts, cinchona, cinnamon, and palmyids. The important native industries are gold, silver, ivory and tortoise-shell work, pottery, mats, fans, and wood carving. 181 miles of railway are open, and there are 1,281 miles of telegraph wires. CHILI. Total cost of patent, - - - - -$325.00 NO TAXES. DURATION of patent, ten years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published or used in the country. WORKING must be effected within a given time, which will be fixed by the authorities ; working must not be abandoned for more than one year at the time. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 256,850 3,116,000 $62,457,930 $131,413,065 The agricultural products are cereals, wines, tobacco, flax, hemp, hops, chili-pepper, and potatoes. Mining is carried on extensively, the results being gold, silver, nitrate of soda, iodine, borate of soda, and copper. Copper and silver smelting works are in operation ; also tanneries, corn and saw mills, and various manufactures. 1,498 miles of railway are open, as also 8,346 miles of telegraph. COLUMBIA. Total cost of 5 years' patent, - - - $250 00 Total cost of 10 years* patent, - - 235 00 Total cost of 15 years' patent, - - - 375 00 Total cost of 20 years' patent, - - 425 00 NO TAXES. DURATION of patent may be five, ten, fifteen, or twenty years as desired, and according to the amount paid ; but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published or used in the country. WORKING must be effected during every j^ear of patent right. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 331,420 3,500,000 $10,500,000 $19,877,510 The forests are extensive and contain various kinds of woods. The soil produces tobacco, coffee, cocoa, plan- tains, bananas, vegetable ivory, and indigo. The min- eral productions are gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, lead, coal, and precious stones. The manufactures con- sist of woollen and cotton stuffs. There were only 195 miles of railway open in 1888, and about 2,800 miles of telegraph. CONGO. Total cost of patent, - - - - - $150.00 NO TAXES, DURATION of patent is twenty years, except where a prior foreign patent of shorter term has been obtained, when the Congo patent will lapse with such foreign patent. APPLICA TION should be made before the invention has been completely published or used in Congo. Offi- cial publication, such as that contained in the United States patents, is not a bar to patenting. WORKING must be effected in Congo within one year from the commencement of working abroad, and must be continued each succeeding year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Exports. 802,000 8,000,000 $1,500,000 This State is at present but little developed. The chief exports are palm-kernels, palm-oil, grotmd-ntits, caont-chotic, copal, ivory, wax, sesam, copra, hides, etc. Gold, iron, lead, copper, and other minerals have been found. DENMARK. Total cost of patent, ----- $60.00. NO TAXES, DURATION of patent is fixed by Government, and is nstially three, four or five years. Important inven- tions are protected for ten years, and, in special cases, for fifteen years. A foreigner cannot secure a longer term than five years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been used in Denmark. WORKING must be effected within one year from issue of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 14,789 2,197,205 $15,522,340 $129,750,000 The productions are cereals, potatoes, and butter; also cattle, horses, and sheep. There are 1,208 miles of railway, and 6,689 ^l^s of telegraph. Denmark also possesses a mercantile marine of 3,326 vessels. EQUADOR. Total cost of patent, ----- $200.00 NO TAXES, DURATION oi patent is ten to fifteen years. An importer of machinery, or of a new method of manu- facture or industry, may receive protection on the fol- lowing terms : If the establishment of the machine or industry imported requires an outlay of $25,000, the protection will last for three years ; if it reaches $50,000, for six years; and if $100,000 or more, for ten years. 13 APPLICA TION must be made before publication in any country. WORKING must be effected within a year and a day from grant. Area in sq. Miles. Population, Revenue. Imports and Exports. 144,000 1,000,000 $3,535,760 $13,870,785 The chief products are cocoa, vegetable ivory, nuts, cotton, coffee, india rubber, orchilla weed, straw hats, yams, tobacco, fruits, sarsaparilla, wheat, etc. The minerals are gold, quicksilver, lead, iron, copper, and emeralds. Sulphur is also found. There are only 60 miles of railway open. EGYPT. Has no separate patent law, but is covered by the Turkish patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 494,000 6,806,381 $48,250,000 $94,870,875 The agricultural products are millet, maize, wheat, rice, melons, gourds, sugar, tobacco, hemp, cotton, &c. There are no metals; but salt, petroleum, nitre, red granite. Oriental alabaster, and limestone are found. 958 miles of railway are open, and 5,500 miles of tele- graph wire. FIJI. Total cost of patent - - - $200.00 NO TAXES. DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICATION shouldi be made before the invention is known in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 6,544 124,919 $318,510 $2,678,370 The chief products are the bread-fruit tree, banana, 14 plantain, peanuts, yams, and dalo, cocoanut, sugar-cane, tea, cotton, maize, and arrowroot. FINLAND. Total cost of patent, usually - - _ $250.00 NO TAXES. DURATION oi patent is from 3 to 12 years, accord- ing to the nature and importance of the invention. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been publicly known in Finland. WORKING must be effected within two years from issue of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 144,254 2,400,000 $8,532,800 $40,540,625 Grain is produced for home consumption only. The forests are very extensive, and an important industry is the preparation and export of timber. The minerals found are iron, copper, lead and graph- ite. The industries comprise the spinning and weav- ing of cotton, flax and wool ; distilling, the manufacture of matches, sugar refining and ship building. Butter is exported largely. 14 1 2 miles of railway are in operation; the mercan- tile marine consists of 2,051 vessels. FRANCE AND COLONIES. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, -_____-- $60.00 TAXES are as follows; $25.00 the second and each succeeding year. DURA TION of patent is 1 5 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been completely published or used in France or abroad. 15 WORKING must be effected within two years from issue of patent, and must not entirely cease during any two subsequent years. Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports. 204,090 38,218,903 $648,335,000 11,556,719,400 The vine is cultivated very extensively and wines are exported in great quantities all over the world. The agricultural products are wheat, barley, rye, maize, oats, potatoes, beetroot, hops, &c. The mineral re- sources include coal, pig iron, copper, lead, silver, anti- mony and salt. The chief manufactures are of metals, watches, jew- elry, cabinet work, carving, pottery, glass, chemicals, dyeing, paper making, woolens, carpets, linen, silk and lace. The oyster fisheries are also important. The extent of railways open is 29,683 miles, and of telegraph wire, 220,890 miles. The mercantile navy comprises 15,266 vessels. GERMANY. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year - - - - _ - _ $60.00 7^3X^5 are as follows: $17.50 for second year, and this amount increasing by $12.50 each succeeding year. DURATION of patent is 15 years. Not affected by prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before any publication of the invention in any country. WORKING must be effected within three years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports 211,168 46,855,704 $320,134,000 $1,795,431,750 Agriculture and the rearing of cattle gives employ- ment to a great proportion of the population, although 16 Germany is becoming more and more a manufacturing country. The chief products of the soil are wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, millet, rape seed, maize, linseed, flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, potatoes, beans, turnips and fruit. The minerals comprise iron, copper, lead, alum, nitre, zinc, cobalt, sulphur, nickel, coal, silver, tin, bismuth, granite, limestone, ironstone, fire-clay, &c. Various gems and precious stones are also found. The leading manufactures are as follows: — linens, cottons, silk, wool- len, mixed cotton and linen fabrics, including shawls, carpets, &c., worsted yarns, leather, earthenware, glass, paper, tobacco, carriages, furniture stuffs, furs, clothing, jute, hoisery, gloves, and other knitted goods, real and imitation laces, embroideries, curtains, paper, wood and straw pulp, bottle glass, cigars, trinkets, clocks, straw hats, brushes, machinery and metal manufactures. The railways open include 23,624 miles, and tele- graphs, 51,148 miles. The mercantile marine consists of 3,594 vessels. GREAT BRITAIN. Cost of provisional protection for nine months, $20.00 Cost of complete patent after provisional, in- cluding Government fees to fourth year, 50.00 $70,00 Cost of complete patent in first instance, includ- ing Government fees for first four years, - $60.00 Provisional protection is desirable as securing early date and number of patent whilst the invention is being fully worked out. To obtain provisional protection, a short description is required, showing the nature of the invention, but without entering into full details. Draw- ings are usually not necessary. To complete the patent application, a further specific 17 -cation must be filed any time within nine months from the provisional application. This specification is known as the ' final,' and must contain full details of the inven- tion, also being accompanied with drawings when neces- sary. If the invention be fully worked out at the time of application, then a complete specification may be filed in the first instance and the patent obtained without de- lay. TAXES are as follows : At the end of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th years each, $55 00 *' " " 8th and 9th years, - - 80 00 •' '* " loth, nth, 12th, and 13th years, 105 00 DURA TION of patent is fourteen years ; not affected by the expiration of a prior foreign patent. A FPLICA TION should be made before the invention has been completely published or made publicly known in Great Britain. Publication insufficient to enable the invention to be worked therefrom does not vitiate a subsequent patent. WORKING is not compulsory. Under the Act of 1883, a patentee can be compelled to grant licenses on reasonable terms if it be proved that he is not himself w^orking the patent adequately. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 121,115 38,609,500 $450,000,000 $3,710,000,000 The leading agricultural products are wheat, barley, oats, hops, potatoes, and other vegetables. The chief minerals are, coal, iron, copper, lead, tin, zinc, and silver. The manufactures are too numerous to particularize fully, but include machinery, agricultural implements, general hardware and metal goods of all kinds, cotton, silk, linen, hemp, jute and all textile fabrics, piece goods, laces, tapestries, carpets, also needles, pins, steel 18 pens, cutlery, pottery, earthenware, chemicals, glass, paper, ship building, &c., &c. There are 19,943 miles of railway open, having a roll- ing stock including 15,924 engines, 49,638 carriages, and 517,595 wagons or freight cars. Telegraph wires measure 180,000 miles. The mercantile marine includes 21,779 vessels, with a net tonnage of 7,579,008 tons. GREECE. Cost of patent varies from $300 to $2,500. NO TAXES, DURATION YSiTies from 3 to 15 years. Patents are only granted by special Act of Legislature and for very important inventions. WORKING requirements are determined by term of patent. APPLICA TION should be made before publication in Greece. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 24,977 2,187,208 $15,590,560 $40,070,670 Fruit trees are cultivated largely, the most important being the olive, vine, orange, lemon, fig, almond, cit- ron, pomegranate and currant grape. Lead is the chief mineral. Tobacco, silk and sponges are also exported. Of railways there are 370 miles open, and of telegraph 3,234 miles. The mercantile marine includes 5,157 vessels. GUATEMALA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, _:_-_-- $200.00 TAXES are fixed by the Government and vary from $5 to $50, payable annually after the first year. 19 DURATION oi patent is from five to fifteen years, but will expire with prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been made publicly known in Guatemala. WORKING must be effected within one year from grant of patent, and must not be discontinued during any succeeding year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. , 46,774 1,427,116 $3,849,595 $14,768,880 The principal product is coffee, which is exported in very large quantities. Other exports are hides, indigo, sugar, india-rubber, mahogany, sarsaparilla and fruits. 132 miles of railway are in operation, and 225 miles additional have been contracted for. There are 2,219 miles of telegraph. HAWAIIAN KINGDOM. Total cost of patent, - - _ _ $140.00 NO TAXES. DURATION oi patent is ten years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been publicly known or used in Hawaii, or any country. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 6,587 86,647 $2,862,505 $19,477,735 The principal products are sugar, coffee, rice, pulu and hides. HONG KONG. Total cost of patent, - - - - $175.00 NO TAXES. Patent is granted only when a corresponding patent has been obtained in England, and it will expire with such English patent. 20 WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 30 1-2 215,800 Hong Kong is a very important commercial centre, its annual trade amounting to over $100,000,000. The chief articles of commerce are opium, sugar, flour, oil, amber, cotton, ivory, betel, sandal-wood, rice, tea, wool- lens, silks and salt. INDIA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first four years, ----- ^90 TAXES are as follows: At end of 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th years, each, $30. At end of 9th, loth, nth, 12th and 13th years, each $60. DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire with a foreign patent of shorter term unless a British patent has been obtained. APPLICA TYC^TV must be made within one year from grant of British or foreign patent. WORKING is not compulsory, but the patentee maybe compelled to grant licenses on reasonable terms if proved that he is not operating the invention ad- equately. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,648,944 273,533,000 $400,000,000 $860,000,000 The principal products are rice, opium, indigo, jute, wheat, cotton, sugar, oil seeds, tea, salt, piece goods, ivory, raw silk, woollens, &c. The minerals are gold, silver, rubies, jade, iron, lead, tin, coal, limestone. Petroleum is also found. 16,109 miles of railway are open, and the length of telegraph lines in operation is 33,462 miles. ITALY. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - - - - - - $65.00 TAXES are as follows ; For second and third years, each - - $ 1 5 . 00 For fourth, fifth and sixth years, each, - 20 . 00 For seventh, eighth and ninth years, each, 25.00 For tenth, eleventh and twelfth years, each, 30 . 00 For thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth years, each, - - -- - - - -35.00 Term tax, each year, - - - - - 2 . 00 It is advisable to pay the term taxes for 6 years when making application, as thereby a further charge of $2$ for prolonging the patent from year to year will be avoided. DURATION oi patent is 15 years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention is publicly known in Italy, and before the expiration of a corresponding foreign patent. WORKING must be effected within one year from grant and must not be discontinued during any subse- quent year. Provided, however, the term tax is paid for 6 years at the time of application, the time for working will be extended to two years. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 110,655 29,699,781 $324,115,280 $441,773,365 The products are olives and« fruits of all kinds. The wines are celebrated and numerous. The principal minerals are iron, lead, zinc, copper^ manganese and antimony ores, sulphur, gypsum, amian- thus, alum and boracic acid, also some silver and gold. The chief manufactures include woollens, cotton, hemp and linen yarns and tissues, leathers, straw and felt hats, furniture, chemical products, paper, agricultural and 22 other machinery, prepared meats, mosaics, pottery, Vene-^ tian glass, alabaster ornaments, &c. There are 6,438 miles of railway and 19,568 miles of telegraph wire. The commercial marine consists of 7,- 229 vessels. JAMAICA. Total cost of patent, - - - .- - $250.00 ■ NO TAXES, DURA TION of patent is'14 years, but will expire with prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION mM^t be made before the invention is. publicly known in Jamaica. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 4,193 580,804 $2,897,730 $16,062,120 The products are sugar, coffee, maize and Indian corn, dye stuffs, drugs and spices. Fruits are largely ex- ported to the United States. Jamaica is also famous for its rum. JAPAN. Patents are not granted to foreigners. LEEWARD ISLANDS. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, - - - - $ 300.00 TAXES are as follows : At the end of the third year, - - - $ 60.00 At the end of the seventh year, - - - 110.00 DURATION oi patent is 14 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention is. publicly known. * 23 WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 578 120,000 $563,725 $1,120,747 The chief products are sugar, rum, molasses, tamar- inds, arrowroot, cocoa, coffee, maize, cotton, tobacco, lime juce, fruit and cabinet woods. Sulphur is very plentiful. LIBERIA. Total cost of patent is - - - - $250.00 NO TAXES. DURATION of patent is 20 years. APT Lie A TION must be made before the invention has been published or made use of in the Republic. WORKING must be effected within three years from date of patent, if the patentee is an alien. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 14,000 1,050,000 $175,000 The chief products are coffee, cocoa, sugar, wax, gin- ger, palm-kernels, palm-oil, indigo, hides, ivory,* and gold dust. LUXEMBOURG. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - - - - - - - $35.00 TAXES are as follows : For the second year $10, and this amount increasing by $2 each succeeding year to end of term. DURATION oi patent is 15 years, but will expire if corresponding German patent lapses through non-pay- ment of fees. AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention has been made public in the Grand Duchy or in Ger- many. The patent will be void if a similar application be not made in Germany, within three months. WORKING must be effected within three years from grant. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 999 213,283 $1,558,820 Iron ore is very plentiful. There are 270 miles of railway. MAURITIUS. Total cost of patent, - - _ - $200.00 NO TAXES. DURATION oi patent is fourteen years, but will ex- pire with prior British patent. AFP Lie A TION must be made before publication in Mauritius or in Great Britain ; or within twelve months from date of corresponding British patent. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 708 372,664 $4,372,401 $54,937,617 The production of sugar forms the entire industry. MEXICO. Total cost of patent, - - - - $250.00 NO TAXES, DURATION oi patent is ten years. ^-/"/"Z/C^T^C^iV^ must be made before the invention has been completely published in Mexico or abroad. Publication by foreign patent offices does not, however, affect the right to obtain patent. WORKING must be effected within five years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 751,177 10,447,974 $35,750,000 $116,000,000 The chief products are maize, wheat, barley, pulse^ Chili pepper, sugar, potatoes, coffee, cotton, tobacco, vanilla, flax, indigo, grapes and all kinds of fruits. The 25 mines produce silver, gold, copper, lead, quicksilver, iron, and coal. The manufactures include woollen and cotton spinning and weaving, &c. There are 4,600 miles of railway, and 200,500 miles of telegraph. NATAL. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, - - - - $140.00 TAXES are as follows : At the end of third year- _ - _ 35.00 At the end of seventh year - - - - 60.00 DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but it will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICATION must be made before the invention has been used in Natal. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 19,000 530,158 $6,635,525 $30,916,665 Sheep farming is the principal occupation of the in- habitants, and horses and cattle are also raised exten- sively. The products are sugar, coffee, indigo, arrow- root, ginger, tobacco, rice, pepper, and cotton, also cereals, &c. 305 miles of railway are open. NEWFOUNDLAND. Total cost of patent, - - . - - - $200.00 NO TAXES. DURATION oi patent is fourteen years, but will ex- pire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICATION rrnxst be made before the invention has been publicly used in Newfoundland. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent. 26 m Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 42,200 i97»335 $2,190,725 $13,041,205 The principal industry is fishing. 100 miles of railway are open, and 240 miles further are authorized to be built. NEW SOUTH WALES. Total cost of patent, ----- $80.00 NO TAXES, DURATION of patent is fourteen years. AP PLICA TION must be made before publication of the invention in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 310,700 1,122,200 $45,316,985 $230,789,955 The chief products are Avheat, maize and other kinds of grain, potatoes, tobacco, sugar, wine, and oranges. The minerals are very rich, and include gold, coal, copper, silver, tin, iron, antimony, asbestos, cinnabar, and kerosene shale. Diamonds, rubies, opals, and other precious stones are found. The Colony has 50,106,768 sheep, besides large num- bers of horses, pigs, and cattle. 2,263 niiles of railway are open, as also 22,606 miles of telegraph wire. NEW ZEALAND. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first four years, - - - - - -$65.00 TAXES are as follows : At the end of fourth year, - - - - 35.00 At the end of seventh year, - - - - 60.00 DURATION of patent is fourteen years. AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published in the Colony. 27 WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 104,032 662,248 $21,046,235 $78,181,810 The climate is admirably adapted for raising all kinds of agricultural produce. The minerals are gold, iron, coal, and copper. Wool is largely produced, there being 15,503,263 sheep. There are about 2,000 miles of railway, and 11,827 miles of telegraph wire. NORWAY. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year ------- $60.00 TAXES are as follows : For the second year, $8, and this amount increasing by $1.25 each succeeding year to end of term. DURATION of patent is fifteen years. APT lie A TION must be made before the invention is so far known in the country that it can be carried out by experts. But publication in print, or by public exhibition, shall not for a period off six months prevent the grant of a patent. WORKING must be effected within three years from grant of patent, and must not be wholly discontinued during any subsequent year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 125,000 2,000,000 $13,430,000 $90,115,000 The principal industries are timber dressing, mechan- ical engineering, textile manufactures, ship-building, and pulp-making, also the valuable cod and herring fisheries. Ice is largely exported. There are 970 miles of railway open, and 4,609 miles of telegraph. Norway has a mercantile marine of 7,285 vessels. 28 ORANGE FREE STATE. Cost of patent varies from $800 to $3,800. NO TAXES. DURATION of patent varies from five to fifteen years, but shall not exceed the term of prior foreign patents. APPLICATION nm^t be made before publication of the invention. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 41,484 I33»5i8 $1,361,570 $10,000,000 The chief exports are wool, ostrich feathers, hides, diamonds, and grain. PERU. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, ------ $350.00 TAXES are $100 the second and each succeeding year. DURATION oi patent is 10 years. AP PLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published in Peru or abroad. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports. 500,000 2,970,000 $7,480,000 $12,116,750 The mineral wealth is considerable and includes silver, quicksilver, copper, coal and petroleum. The vegetable kingdom furnishes Peruvian bark, sarsaparilla, copaiba, coffee, cocoa, and india rubber. Peru is also noted for its guano deposits. 769 miles of railway are in operation, and to these 500 miles are being added. 29 PORTUGAL AND COLONIES. Cost of patent, including Government fees for one year, ------ $125.00 For five years, ----- 160.00 For ten years, ^ - - - - - 210.00 For fifteen years, ----- 260.00 If the patent is obtained for less than the full term of 15 years, it may be continued by payment of the bal- ance of the fees, together with an additional prolonga- tion fee of $7.50 for each of the remaining years. DURA TION of patent is 1 5 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TYOiVmust be made before the invention is known to the public. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent, and must not cease entirely during any two consecutive years. Area in sq. Miles Population Revenue Imports and Exports 34,606, 4,708,178 $44,085,200 $72,640,330 The chief products are wheat, barley, oats, maize, flax, hemp, the vine, rice, olives, oranges, lemons, citrons, figs and almonds. There are extensive forests, which include the cork tree. The mineral products are copper, lead, tin, antimony, coal, manganese, iron, slate, and bay salt. The manufactures include gloves, silk, woollen, linen, and cotton fabrics, metal and earthenware goods, to- bacco, cigars, etc. 1,000 miles of railway are open. The mercantile ma- rine consists of 469 vessels. QUEENSLAND. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first four years, - ------ $80,00 30 TAXES are as follows : At the end of the 4th year, - - - $35.00 At the end of the 8th year, - - _ 60.00 D URA TION of patent is 1 4 years. AFP Lie A TION must be made before the invention has been published in the colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 668,497 406,658 $17,201,245 $6,894,355 The agricultural products are, wheat, oats, barley, maize, sugar, potatoes, coffee, cotton, oranges, peaches, pineapples, grapes, bananas and other fruit. The minerals include gold, galena, silver, lead, tin, copper, coal, antimony and quicksilver. There are 14.- 470,095 sheep, and a large number of horses and cattle. 2,064 miles of railway are open, and 571 miles in course of construction. There are 16,981 miles of tel- egraph wires. RUSSIA. Total cost of patent for 3 years, - - $140.00 Total cost of patent for 5 ^^-ears, - - - 170.00 Total cost of patent for 10 years, - - 350.00 NO TAXES, DURATION oi patent is three, five or ten years, ac- cording to the amount paid. If obtained for less than ten years the patent cannot afterwards be extended to the full term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been so fully made public in Russia as to enable it to be used. For inventions already patented abroad, Russian patents may be obtained for terms not exceed- ing 6 years, provided application be made during the term of such foreign patents. 31 WORKING must be effected within the first quarter of the term for which patent is obtained. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 8,3i3»035 106,610,794 $447,580,000 $603,992,575 The chief agricultural products are wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, rye, hemp, flax, potatoes and tobacco. The minerals are gold, silver, platinum, copper, iron, rock salt, marble, and china clay. There are also ap- parently inexhaustible supplies of coal and petroleum. The manufactures include weaving, tanning, fur dress- ing, linen-, woollen and worsted stuffs, fine cloths, and mixed fabrics. J^ Russia has 18,670 miles of railway open and 91,000 miles of telegraph wires. ST. HELENA. Total cost of registration, - - - - gi 25.00 NO TAXES, D URA TION of registration is dependent on the cor- responding British patent with which it will expire. APPLICA TION may be made any time during the term of the corresponding British patent. WORKING is not compulsory. Registration is only granted to the holder of a British patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 47 5^059 $42,040 $74,188 The products are oats, barley, root crops, and flax. SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, _ - _ _ _ _ $100.00 32 TAXES are as follows : At the end of the third year, - - . $30.00 At the end of the seventh year, - - . 55.00 DURA TION of patent is 14 years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published in the Republic, WORKING \^ not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 112,700 800,000 $6,913,305 $5,624,830 The Republic is rich in gold, and copper, lead, cobalt, iron, and coal are also found. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Cost of patent including Government fees for first three years, - - - - - -$95.00 TAXES are as follows: At the end of the 3rd year, - - - $15.00 At the end of the 7th year, - - - - 15.00 DURATION of patent is 14 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been completely published in the Colony, WORKING should be effected within three years from date of patent. Area in sq. jMiles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 903,690 319^604 $11,352,165 $14,063,837. Agricultural products include wheat, potatoes, flax, hops and fruit. The minerals are gold, silver, lead, cop- per and iron. There are 1,756 miles of railway open and 5,517 miles of telegraph wires. 33 SPAIN AND COLONIES. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - - _ _ _ $70.00 TAXES are as follows : For the 2nd year, $12.50, and this amount, increasing by $2 for each succeeding year to end of term. DURA TION of patent will be 20 years, if the inven- tion is not known in Spain or elsewhere at the time of application. If application be made within two years from date of prior foreign patent, a Spanish patent will be granted for term of ten years. WORKING must be effected within two years from grant of patent, and must not entirely cease during any succeeding year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 196,173 17,550.216 $166,877,540 $229,383,420 The agricultural products are wheat, barley, maize, oats, rice, hemp, flax, olives, oranges, lemons, almonds, pomegranates, dates, and particularly the vine. The mineral wealth is extensive and includes iron, copper, lead and quicksilver. There are 5,523 miles of railway and 10,670 miles of telegraph. The Spanish Colonies, including Cuba and Porto Rico, &c., have a total area of 167,230 square miles, with a population of 8,007,000. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. Total cost of patent, - - - - $175.00 NO TAXES. DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but will expire with a prior British patent, if there be one. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been used in the Colony, in the United Kingdom, or in any British possession. 34 WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,472 1-2 600,000 $4,410,620 $289,418,342 The exports comprise gutta-percha, gambier, pepper^ india rubber, horns, hides, canes, sugar, rice, sago, tapioca, spices, dye stuffs, tea, coffee, tobacco, gums, tin, &c. SWEDEN. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, ------ $60.00 TAXES are as follows ; Second, third, fourth and fifth years, each, - $12.50 Sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth years, each, -------- 20.00 Eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth, years each, ------ 27.50 DURATION oi patent is 15 years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been completely published in Sweden. The pub- lication by foreign patent authorities, or in an exhibi- tion will not, however, prevent a valid patent from be- ing obtained, provided application is made within six months from such publication or exhibition. WORKING must be effected within three years from grant of patent, and must not be discontinued during any subsequent year. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 173,974 4,774,409 $24,559,470 $166,777,285 The agricultural products are oats, wheat, barley, rye and potatoes. The minerals include iron, gold and silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, cobalt, alum, sulphur, porphyry and marble. The manufacture of matches is an important industry. 4,930 miles of railway are open, also 5,422 miles of telegraph. 35 SWITZERLAND. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - - - - - - - $50.00 TAXES are as follows : For the second year $10, and this amount increasing by $2 each succeeding year to end of term. DURATION of patent is 15 years. APT Lie A TION must be made before the invention has been completely made public in Switzerland. WORKING must be effected within three years from grant of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 15,981 2,933,334 $11,978,560 §60,005,570 The agricultural produce consists of wheat, oats, maize, barley, flax, hemp and tobacco. The manufac- tures include silks, cottons, linen, lace, thread, woollens, clocks and watches, leather, gloves, pottery, tobacco, snuff and cheese. There are 1,962 miles of railways in operation, and 4,- 418 miles of telegraphs. TASMANIA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, ----- § 100.00 TAXES are as follows : At end of 3rd year, ----- $80.00 At end of 7th year, - - - - - 105.00 DURATION of patent is fourteen years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been published in the Colony. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 26,215 151.480 $3^394,545 $80,055,175 Wheat and fruit are largely raised. Minerals are well represented and include tin, iron, gold and coal. There are 1,551,429 sheep. 36 375 miles of railway are open, and a hundred miles in course of construction. The Colony also has 2, 590 miles of telegraph wire. TRINIDAD. Total cost of patent, ----- $175.00 NO TAXES, DURA TIONoi patent is 14 years. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention is known in the Island. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,754 196,172 $2,266,375 $22,013,820 The island produces sugar, cocoa, molasses, cocoa- nuts, various kinds of timber and fruits, also a large quantity of asphalt. Coal is also found. TURKEY. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, ------ $150.00 TAXES are $25 the second and each succeeding year. DURATION of patent is 15 years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made before the invention has been completely published in Turkey or elsewhere. WORKING should be effected within two years from issue of patent, and must not entirely cease during any two consecutive years. Area in sq; Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,710,000 32,500,000 $84,181,815 $140,150,000 The agricultural products are maize, rice, barley, cotton, millet, sesame and other oil-seeds, tobacco, cof- fee, opium and fruits. The mineral products are iron, lead, copper, sulphur, salt, alum and coal. The manu- factures include woollen and cotton stuffs, carpets, shawls, leather, fire-arms, dyeing and printing works. 37 There are about 2,200 miles of railway, and 400 miles in course of construction. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Total cost of patent, _ - - - $75.00 NO TAXES, DURA TION oi patent is seventeen years, but will be limited by a prior foreign patent of shorter term. APPLICA TION must be made within two years from publication or public use of the invention in the country. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 3,000,400 62,480,540 $403,080,982 $1,647,139,093 The chief agricultural products are wheat, maize and other grains, cotton, fruit, tobacco, potatoes, &c., &c. The mineral kingdom is very rich and includes gold, silver, iron, coal, copper, lime, salt, lead, quicksilver, &c., &c. Live stock of all kinds are raised, particularly pigs and horned cattle. The pork and beef packing trade is very extensive. The manufactures include almost everything from elaborate machinery to small nov- elties. The United States has 154,779 miles of railways, and a mercantile marine of 1,530 vessels. URUGUAY. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first year, - _ _ _ _ _ $350.00 TAXES are $50 the second and each succeeding year. DURA TION of patent is 9 years. APPLICATION mMst be made before publication in Uruguay, or in the case of a foreign patent being already obtained, within one year from date of said patent. 38 WORKING must be effected within a reasonable time, to be determined by the Executive. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 72,112 700,000 $15,908,510 $66,935,070 The agricultural products are wheat, barley and maize. The Republic has 15,905,441 sheep and 6, 1 19,482 horned cattle. There are 538 miles of railway in operation, and 649 miles in course of construction. There are 2,679 i^il^s of telegraph. VENEZUELA. Total cost of five years patent, - - $250.00 Total cost of ten years patent, - - - 330.00 Total cost of fifteen years patent, - - 410.00 NO TAXES, DURATION of patent is five, ten, or fifteen, years, as elected by the applicant. But if a prior foreign pat- ent exists the term of the Venezuelan patent will not exceed such foreign patent. APPLICA TION must be made before the ^invention has been completely published in the Republic or abroad. WORKING vnM^th^ effected within six months, one or two years, according to the length of term of patent. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports (In trade with Great Britain.) 566,159 2,121,988 $8,064,265 $2,812,335 The chief products are coffee, cocoa, hides, cotton, sugar, tobacco, indigo, bark, tallow, dye-woods, timber and copper ores. The railways open for traffic and in course of con- struction have a length of 370 miles. VICTORIA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first three years, ----- $70.00 39 TAXES are as follows : At the end of 3rd year, - _ . - §20.00 At the end of 7th year, ----- 20.00 DURA TION of patent is fourteen years. APPLICA TION should be made before the inven- tion has been published in Victoria. Or, if a foreign patent has been obtained, the application may be made within one year from date of such patent. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population. Revenue. Imports and Exports. 87,884 1,104,288 $43»383,55o $189,129,485 The chief agricultural products are wheat and oats ; the minerals are gold, tin and antimony. Sheep raising is the most important industry, the number of sheep be- ing estimated at 10,818,575. 2,191 miles of railway were completed at the end of 1888, and 509 miles more were in course of construction. The mileage of telegraph wires is 10,360. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Cost of patent, including Government fees for first four years, ----- $100.00 TAXES are as follows : At the end of 4th year, - - - - $25.00 At the end of 7th year, - - - - - 25.00 DURA TION of patent is fourteen years. APPLICA TION may be made during the term of a corresponding foreign Patent. WORKING is not compulsory. Area in sq. Miles. Population, Revenue. Imports and Exports. 1,060,000 43.698 $2,213,625 ^ $6,337,075 The chief products are wool, timber, pearls and pearl shells, lead, copper, horses and cattle. There are 2,- 366,681 sheep. 500 miles of railway are open. 40 INDEX Page. Introduction— International Convention — Charges. Argentine Republic 5 Austria-Hungary 5,6 Barbadoes 6 Belgium 7 Brazil 7, 8 British Guiana 8 British Honduras 8, g Canada (Dominion of) 9, 10 Cape of Good Hope 10 Ceylon 10, 11 Chili II Columbia 11, 12 Congo. 12, 13 Denmark 13 Equador 13, 14 Egypt 14 Fiji.... 14, 15 Finland 15 France and Colonies 15, 16 Germany 16, 17 Great Britain 17, 18, 19 Greece ig Guatemala ig, 20 Hawaiian Kingdom 20 Hong Kong 20, 21 India 21 Italy 22, 23 Jamaica 23 Japan 23 Page. Leeward Islands 23, 24 Liberia 24 Luxembourg 24, 25 Mauritius 25 Mexico 25, 26 Natal 26 Newfoundland - 26, 27 New South Wales 27 New Zealand 27, 28 Norway .... 28 Orange Free State 2g Peru 2g Portugal and Colonies 30 Queensland 30, 31 Russia. . . 31, 32 St. Helena 32 South African Republic 32,' 33 South Australia. 33 Spain and Colonies 34 Straits Settlements. 34, 35 Sweden 35 Switzerland 36 Tasmania 36, 37 Trinidad 37 Turkey 37, 38 United States of America. . , 38 Uruguay 38. 3g Venezuela 3g Victoria 39, 40 Western Australia 40 :^^m: ^ I A.11 CommvLTiioatioTis ta be addressed i MH. 1^. TT. JBA.RKBR, ManaQer, 252 Broadway, JVew York:^ A