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AN OFFICIAL GUIDE TO 
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 Set up and electrotyped. Published, June, 1912 
 
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JUL 10 1912 
 
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 INTRODUCTION 
 
 This little book has been prepared by members of the 
 : 'University. It is their wish to put into the hands of the 
 ^ new-comer and of the passer-by some account of the build- 
 ings, collections, memorials, and art treasures of Colum- 
 bia in order that these may be intelligently visited and 
 usefully studied. 
 
 A university with a long record of distinguished scholar- 
 ship and service such as Columbia enjoys has accumu- 
 lated much and many things that are easily overlooked 
 or forgotten unless attention is called to them. These 
 accumulations, these memorials, these evidences of lives 
 of service and of devotion constitute one of the chief 
 glories of any university. 
 
 It is hoped that this volume will make a visit to 
 Coltimbia both interesting and profitable, and that it will 
 serve to guide not on'y the feet but the hearts of many 
 who come to Columbia as students. 
 
 Nicholas Murray Butler 
 
 Commencement Day 
 June 5, igi2 
 
 111 
 
The Editorial Committee having in charge this publi- 
 cation have endeavored, with much assistance which 
 they gratefully acknowledge, to make it as complete 
 as possible, but the activities of the University are so 
 manifold and its buildings so numerous that errors and 
 omissions will doubtless be discovered. In order that 
 later editions may be rendered more nearly perfect it 
 is therefore requested that suggestions and corrections 
 be sent to the Secretary of the University. 
 
 Brander Matthews, Chairman 
 John B. Pine 
 Frederick P. Keppel 
 Frederick A. Goetze 
 Rudolf Tombo, Jr. 
 Frank D. Fackenthal 
 
 IV 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Introduction .... 
 
 Historical Sketch of the University 
 
 University Statistics 
 
 The Quadrangle .... 
 
 South Field ..... 
 
 East Field ..... 
 
 Student and Alumni Organizations 
 
 Barnard College .... 
 
 Teachers College 
 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons 
 
 College of Pharmacy . 
 
 Camp Columbia .... 
 
 Directory of Administrative Officers 
 
 Directory of Fraternities . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 iii 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 14 
 60 
 
 71 
 
 73 
 
 82 
 
 90 
 
 104 
 
 120 
 
 123 
 
 126 
 
 129 
 
A university is a place of concourse, whither students come 
 from every quarter for every kind of knowledge. You cannot 
 have the best of every kind everywhere; you must go to some 
 great city or emporium for it. There you have all the 
 choicest productions of nature and art all together, which 
 you find each in its own separate place elsewhere. All the 
 riches of the land and of the world are carried up thither; 
 there are the best markets, and there the best workmen. It 
 is the center of trade, the supreme court of fashion, the um- 
 pire of rival skill, and the standard of things rare and pre- 
 cious. It is the place for seeing galleries of first-rate pictures. 
 It is the place for great preachers, great orators, great nobles, 
 great statesmen. In the nature of things greatness and 
 unity go together. . . . A university so placed is one in 
 which the intellect may safely range and speculate, sure to 
 find its equal in some antagonist activity, and its judge in 
 the tribunal of truth. It is a place where inquiry is pushed 
 forward, and discoveries verified and perfected, and rashness 
 rendered innocuous, and error exposed by the collision of 
 mind with mind, and hiowledge with knowledge. It is a 
 place which attracts the affections of the young by its fame, 
 wins the judgment of the middle-aged by its beauty, and rivets 
 the memory of the old by its associations. It is a seat of 
 wisdom, a light of the world, a minister of the faith, an 
 alma mater of the rising generation. — '' The Office and Work 
 of Universities.'' — John Henry Newman. 
 
 VI 
 
COLUMBIA ALUMNI NEWS ; published weekly 
 during the college year, and monthly in July 
 and August, by the Alumni Council. The 
 News is the organ of the Alumni and contains full 
 accounts of alumni and University matters and dis- 
 cussions of questions affecting the University ; also 
 correspondence and personal items. 
 
 Subscriptions $2.00 a year for members of Alumni 
 Associations ; -and $3.00 for non-members and foreign 
 subscribers. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to 
 
 COLUMBIA ALUMNI NEWS 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK CITY 
 
 Vll 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY ; issuod 
 by The Columbia University Press, with the 
 approval of the Trustees of the University, and 
 addressed to the alumni, officers, and friends of 
 Columbia. 
 
 The magazine aims to represent all the varied interests 
 of the University. It publishes historical and biograph- 
 ical articles of interest to Columbia men; shows the 
 development of the institution in every direction ; records 
 all official action; describes the work of teachers and 
 students in the various departments; reports the more 
 important incidents of undergraduate activity; and 
 furnishes an opportunity for the presentation and dis- 
 cussion of University problems. 
 
 The Quarterly is issued in December, March, June, 
 and September, each volume beginning with the Decem- 
 ber number. Annual subscription, $i .00 ; single number, 
 30 cents. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to the 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. NEW YORK CITY 
 
A HISTORY OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, 
 i754-i904> published by The Columbia Uni_ 
 VERsiTY Press in Commemoration of the One 
 Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding of 
 King's College. Cloth. 8vo. pp. xiii + 493. Pro- 
 fusely illustrated. Price, $2.50 net. 
 
 This volume, written by representatives of the various 
 schools and colleges which make up the University, 
 gives an interesting and complete account of the origin 
 and growth of the institution. It traces the history of 
 Columbia from the time of its founding in 1754 as 
 King's College, through its reorganization after the 
 Revolution as Columbia College, its removal from Park 
 Place to 49th Street and Madison Avenue, and its final 
 establishment on Morningside Heights. The book 
 contains many illustrations of former and present sites 
 and buildings, and portraits of presidents and trustees. 
 
 On sale at the 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE 
 
 WEST HALL 
 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH 
 
 The inscription carved on the front of the Library, 
 which is the center of the Hfe of Columbia, epitomizes 
 the aims and the history of the University, in these words : 
 
 KINGS COLLEGE 
 
 FOUNDED IN THE PROVINCE OF NEW YORK BY 
 ROYAL CHARTER IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II 
 PERPETUATED AS COLUMBIA COLLEGE BY THE 
 PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WHEN 
 THEY BECAME FREE AND INDEPENDENT MAIN- 
 TAINED AND CHERISHED FROM GENERATION TO 
 GENERATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE 
 PUBLIC GOOD AND THE GLORY OF ALMIGHTY GOD 
 MDCCCXCVI 
 
 On October 31, 1754, Letters Patent were issued in- 
 corporating THE GOVERNORS OF THE COLLEGE OF THE 
 PROVINCE OF NEW YORK, IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 
 
 IN AMERICA, and providing for the estabhshment of a 
 college to be known as King's College, "for the Instruc- 
 
2 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 tion and Education of Youth in the Learned Languages 
 and in the Liberal Arts and Sciences." The Charter 
 named as Governors twenty-four gentlemen of the 
 Province, certain officials of the provincial govern- 
 ment, and representatives of five different religious 
 denominations. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson, who was chosen as the 
 first president, had been sought in a similar capacity 
 by the College of Philadelphia, and was recognized as 
 one of the most prominent scholars of his time. He had 
 published one of the earliest and most important works 
 on philosophy and education which had appeared in this 
 country, and had received the degree of S.T.D. from 
 Oxford. His breadth of view and remarkable foresight 
 are indicated by his announcement of the aims of the 
 new college, which reads, in part, as follows; 
 
 A serious, virtuous, and industrious Course of Life 
 being first provided for, it is further the Design of this 
 College, to instruct and perfect the Youth in the Learned 
 Languages, and in the Arts of Reasoning exactly, of 
 Writing correctly, and Speaking eloquently: And in the 
 Arts of Numbering and Measuring, of Surveying and 
 Navigation, of Geography and History, of Husbandry, 
 Commerce, and Government; and in the Knowledge of 
 all Nature in the Heavens above us, and in the Air, 
 Water, and Earth around us, and the various kinds of 
 Meteors, Stones, Mines, and Minerals, Plants and Animals 
 and of every Thing useful for the Comfort, the Conven- 
 ience, and Elegance of Life, in the chief Manufactures 
 relating to any of these things; And finally, to lead them 
 from the Study of Nature, to the Knowledge of them- 
 selves, and of the God of Nature and their duty to Him, 
 themselves and one another ; and everything that can con- 
 tribute to their true Happiness both here and hereafter. 
 
1 
 
 ALEXANDER HAMILTON 
 
 OF THE CLASS OF 1777 
 
THE UNIVERSITY 3 
 
 Upon his appointment Dr. Johnson began giving in- 
 struction to the first class, consisting of eight students, 
 using a room in the school house of Trinity Church. 
 The first Commencement, at which seven degrees were 
 conferred, was held in St. George's Chapel on June 21, 
 1758. In 1760, the first college building was so far com- 
 pleted that the officers and students "began to lodge and 
 diet in it." This building, which was to house the 
 College for nearly a century, stood near the corner now 
 formed by Park Place and Church Street, on what was 
 then known as the "King's Farm" in the outskirts of 
 the city. Dr. Francis in his address on ' Old New York ' 
 describes the College as "justly proud of her healthy and 
 beautiful locality, laved almost up to the borders of her 
 foundations by the flowing streams of the Hudson." 
 
 In 1 763 , Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the presidency 
 by Myles Cooper, a graduate of Queen's College, Oxford, 
 a man of much cultivation, thoroughly imbued with 
 Oxford ideals which he endeavored to implant in the 
 colonial college. The student life of this period has 
 been picturesquely described by John Parke Custis, 
 the stepson of General Washington, who was himself a 
 student under President Cooper. In the political con- 
 troversies which preceded the Revolution, President 
 Cooper was an ardent Tory. His chief opponent in 
 discussion was an undergraduate of King's College, 
 Alexander Hamilton (of the Class of 1777); but when a 
 mob came to the College, bent on doing violence to the 
 president, Hamilton held their attention by a speech 
 which gave the president time to escape. The next 
 year the Revolutionary War broke out, and the College 
 was turned into a miht ary hospital and barracks . Among 
 
4 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 the former students and graduates who distinguished 
 themselves during the war were Hamihon, Gouverneur 
 Morris, John Jay, Robert R. Livingston, Egbert Benson, 
 and Robert Troup. 
 
 Dean Van Amringe, in his chapter on the 'Alumni of 
 King's College,' remarks that "it was the great good 
 fortune and the glory of King's College, in its brief 
 career of twenty-two years, during which it educated 
 upwards of one hundred young men, to 'contribute 
 through them, in a remarkable degree, to the welfare of 
 the country." 
 
 In 1784, by an Act passed at the first session of the 
 Legislature of the State of New York, the name of King's 
 College Vvas changed to Columbia, the word being then 
 used for the first time ; and the College was placed under 
 the control of the Regents of the University of the State 
 of New York. This Act, however, was repealed in 1787, 
 when an Act was passed confirming the Royal Charter 
 of 1754, and vesting the property and franchises of 
 King's College in "The Trustees of Columbia College 
 in the City of New York." 
 
 The first student to enter the College under its new 
 name was DeWitt Chnton; and eight students were 
 graduated at the Commencement held in 1786, which 
 was attended by the Continental Congress. 
 
 In 1787, William Samuel Johnson, the son of the first 
 president, and himself distinguished as a delegate to the 
 convention which framed the Constitution of the United 
 States, and also as a United States Senator, became the 
 third president. At this time there were six professors, 
 three in the Faculty of Arts and three in Medicine, and 
 thirty-nine students. The funds of the College had been 
 
THE UNIVERSITY 5 
 
 greatly depleted by the Revolution, its income reduced 
 to £1331, the library and scientific equipment almost 
 entirely lost or destroyed; and the college hall was in a 
 ruinous condition. With the aid of several small sub- 
 sidies from the State and a few gifts from individuals, 
 the new president and trustees undertook the reestablish- 
 ment of the College by planning a comprehensive course 
 of instruction and appointing several professors. A 
 medical school, the first in this country to confer the 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine, had been established in 
 1767; and James Kent, afterwards Chancellor, was ap- 
 pointed professor of law in 1793 — this being the first 
 instruction in law given by any American college. 
 
 On the resignation of President Johnson, in 1801, the 
 Rev. Dr. Charles H. Wharton was elected president, but 
 his term of office was very brief, and he was succeeded 
 in the same year by the Rev. Benjamin Moore (of the 
 Class of 1768), who subsequently became Bishop of New 
 York. 
 
 In 1 811 , the Rev. Dr. William Harris became the sixth 
 president, with the Rev. Dr. John M. Mason (of the Class 
 of 1789) as provost. 
 
 In 1830, Judge WilHam A. Duer became the seventh 
 president; followed, in 1842, by Professor Nathaniel 
 F. Moore (of the Class of 1802), who held the office 
 for seven years. At the time of President Duer's 
 resignation, there were one hundred and four students 
 in the College. During the period from 1785 to 1849 
 the life of the College was a continuous struggle for 
 existence, owing to inadequate means and lack of general 
 support ; but by persistent efforts educational standards 
 were raised; the program of studies was greatly enlarged, 
 
6 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 and the presence of a number of eminent scholars gave 
 distinction to its faculty. 
 
 A new era began with the election as president of 
 Charles King, who had been educated abroad, while 
 his father, the Hon. Rufus King, was Minister to Eng- 
 land, and who had been engaged in business and 
 literary pursuits. He took office in 1849 under more 
 favorable conditions than any of his predecessors, as 
 at this time the "Botanical Garden," granted by the 
 State to the College in 18 14, and comprising the land 
 between 47th and 51st Streets (which extended from 
 Fifth Avenue nearly to Sixth Avenue, and which, as 
 stated at the time of the grant "would not, upon a 
 sale, bring more than six or seven thousand dollars" ), 
 began to be productive. From this time forward this 
 property, which had heretofore been only a drain upon 
 the meager resources of the College, became its principal 
 source of income, and gradually made it possible to carry 
 into effect the long projected plan for the educational 
 development of the College. During President King's 
 administration the College removed from its first site, 
 where it had been for a century, to the block between 
 Madison and Park Avenues, 49th and 50th Streets. 
 The corner-stone of the old building was disinterred and 
 carried to 49th Street (whence it was transferred to 
 Morningside Heights when the University removed to 
 its present site) . The removal to 49th Street took place 
 in 1857, when the number of students in the College was 
 only one hundred and fifty-four ; but the Trustees adopted 
 a compr,ehensive plan for a " University Course of Study " 
 which, though in advance of its time, has been amply 
 realized in later years. As a part of this plan, the Trus- 
 
THE UNIVERSITY 7 
 
 tees, in 1858, established a Law School (which occupied a 
 building in Lafayette Place for many years, and was 
 removed to 49th Street only in 1883); and other im- 
 portant advances were made during President King's 
 administration. 
 
 On his resignation, in 1864, Dr. Frederick A. P. 
 Barnard, formerly Chancellor of the University of Mis- 
 sissippi, became the tenth president and brought to the 
 College a varied and profound learning, a wide experience- 
 in educational affairs, and an inspiring personality which 
 have been largely instrumental in creating the present 
 University. During his presidency a process of expan- 
 sion began. In 1 863 , the School of Mines was established, 
 the first to exist in the United States ; and in the course 
 of years this has developed into a group of schools of 
 applied science. In 1881, the School of Architecture 
 was organized. In 1880, a School of Political Science was 
 established, which was also the first of its kind in the 
 United States; and as the earliest school in Columbia 
 intended specifically for graduate students, it was the 
 precursor of the present system of graduate instruction. 
 
 After twenty-five years of distinguished service. Presi- 
 dent Barnard died in 1889, leaving his estate to the Col- 
 lege ; and in the following year Seth Low (of the Class of 
 1870), who had become widely known as an advocate of 
 municipal reform, was elected president. His first efforts 
 were directed towards the coordination of existing forces 
 and towards increasing their efficiency. A School of 
 Philosophy was established in 1 890 to take charge of the 
 graduate work in philosophy and the ancient and modern 
 languages and literatures. In 1892, a corresponding 
 School of Pure Science was established; and in order to 
 
8 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 bring all parts of the College into harmonious and effec- 
 tive relations, a University Council was created, composed 
 of delegates from all the various schools and charged with 
 the interests of the institution as a whole, which then 
 assumed the title "Columbia University." 
 
 The original College, which had for many years been 
 called the School of Arts, was given a securer footing by 
 receiving the name Columbia College and by being put 
 under the supervision of a Dean (first Henry Drisler, of 
 the Class of 1839, and then John Howard Van Amringe, 
 of the Class of i860) ; and a corresponding undergraduate 
 college for women, founded in 1889 and named after Presi- 
 dent Barnard, with its own board of trustees, became a 
 part of the educational system of the University. In the 
 same year, 1889, a college for the training of teachers had 
 been established, which subsequently adopted the name of 
 Teachers College. This corporation also had its own trus- 
 tees and, in 1898, it also became by agreement a part of 
 the educational system of the University. In 1891, the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons, incorporated in 
 1807, and occupying extensive buildings at 59th Street 
 and Tenth Avenue (including the Sloane Hospital for 
 Women and the Vanderbilt Clinic), was consolidated 
 with the University and became its School of Medicine. 
 
 With the process of expansion begun under Dr. 
 Barnard and continued under President Low, the site 
 on 49th Street became insufficient for the immediate 
 needs of the University and wholly inadequate for its 
 future. expansion, and, in 1897, ^^e University removed 
 to its third site on Momingside Heights, where, in 1776, 
 the Battle of Harlem Heights was fought. The original 
 area, which comprised the four blocks between Broadway 
 
THE UNIVERSITY 9 
 
 and Amsterdam Avenue, ii6th and 120th Streets, was 
 enlarged in 1905, by the addition of the two blocks 
 between 1 14th and 1 1 6th Streets ; and in 191 o the Trustees 
 purchased half of the block to the east on 11 6th Street. 
 In 1897, Barnard College had acquired land immediately 
 west of the University; and Teachers College was about 
 the same time transferred to the block on the north. 
 The development of the new site was made the subject 
 of careful and protracted study, a general plan was 
 adopted, and the unexampled generosity of its alumni 
 and friends has already provided the University with a 
 large and imposing group of buildings, although the 
 immediate needs of the University are not yet satisfied. 
 A model of the present buildings and of those which are 
 projected may be seen in the basement of Kent Hall. 
 In 1900, the University established its Summer Session, 
 which has become one of the most largely attended in the 
 United States. 
 
 On the resignation of Mr. Low, Nicholas Murray 
 Butler (of the Class of 1882), then Dean of the Faculty 
 of Philosophy, became the twelfth president, and was 
 installed on April 19, 1901. In 1904, the University 
 fitly celebrated the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary 
 of the founding of King's College. In the same year 
 the College of Pharmacy, owning the building 11 5-1 19 
 West 68th Street, was affiliated, and, in 19 12, the School 
 of Journalism was established. 
 
 The standard of admission to the various professional 
 schools has been raised by successive increases in the 
 requirements; and the earlier years of the College have 
 become prerequisites for professional study. Relations 
 with foreign universities have been brought about and 
 
10 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 Columbia now sends professors to Germany every year 
 to lecture on American themes, and receives from abroad 
 professors from German, French, and other foreign in- 
 stitutions. It has formed alliances with the Union and 
 the General Theological Seminaries in New York City 
 and the Drew Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, 
 N. J., with the American Museum of Natural History 
 and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, with the Botanical 
 Garden, and with the Zoological Garden. A wide variety 
 of courses in Extension Teaching is provided for students 
 unable to pursue a college training. Annual courses of lec- 
 tures are delivered by officers of the University at Cooper 
 Union and at the American Museum of Natural History. 
 The services of the University to the city, the state, and 
 the nation are widely recognized, and it has had a host 
 of generous benefactors. Its assets now exceed fifty 
 millions of dollars in grounds, buildings, and invested 
 funds. It has a faculty of nearly eight hundred, 
 and the total enrollment of its students is over eight 
 thousand. 
 
 Note. — For more detailed information reference is made to ' The 
 History of Columbia University, 1754- 1904,' published in com- 
 memoration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the 
 founding of King's College, by the Columbia University Press. On 
 sale at the University Book Store (West Hall). 
 
TEACHING STAFF 
 
 Columbia Barnard Teachers Col. of 
 University College College Pharmacy- 
 Professors (not in- 
 cluding four ad- (Excluding 
 ministrative of!i- the Horace 
 cers of professorial Mann School) 
 
 rank) 177 29 20 
 
 Associate Professors 19 4 3 
 
 Assistant Professors 70 12 16 
 
 Clinical Professors. . 16 — — 
 
 Associates 43 i — 
 
 Instructors 130 21 48 
 
 Demonstrators 8 — — 
 
 Curators i — — 
 
 Lecturers and other 
 special officers of 
 
 instruction 42 i 7 
 
 Assistants 65 10 14 
 
 Clinical Assistants... 79 — — 
 
 Total 650 78 108 
 
 Administrative offi- 
 cers 28 6 14 
 
 Emeritus officers. . . 15 — — 
 
 Total 693 84 122 
 
 Total 
 
 (Excluding 
 Duplicates) 
 
 8 177 
 
 19 
 
 3 70 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 26 
 
 43 
 
 [78 
 8 
 
 50 
 80 
 79 
 
 721 
 
 31 
 15 
 
 767 
 
 II 
 
REGISTRATION OF STUDENTS IN ALL FACULTIES 
 DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR, 1911-1912 
 
 FACULTIES 
 
 Columbia College 820 
 
 Barnard College 640 
 
 Total undergraduates 1,460 
 
 Faculties of Political Science, Philosophy, Pure Science 1)433 
 
 Total non-professional graduate students i ,433 
 
 Faculty of Applied Science 671 
 
 Faculty of Law 417 
 
 Faculty of Medicine 351 
 
 Faculty of Pharmacy 287 
 
 Teachers College 1 ,623 
 
 F-Arts|Af.tgecture........................^^ :35 
 
 Total professional students 3»504 
 
 Deduct double registration ^24 
 
 Net total 6,073 
 
 Summer Session of 191 1 2,973 
 
 Grand net total* 8,363 
 
 Students in Extension Teaching 1 ,234 
 
 Special students in Teachers College 1,869 
 
 * Excluding Summer Session students who returned for work in the fall. 
 
 12 
 
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 13 
 
THE QUADRANGLE 
 
 The general plan of the University buildings on Morn- 
 ingside Heights comprises two groups, one of which oc- 
 cupies the site on the northerly side of ii6th Street, 
 extending to 120th Street, and the other, the site on the 
 southerly side of 11 6th Street, extending to 114th Street, 
 bounded on the east by Amsterdam Avenue and on the 
 west by Broadway. The northerly group consists of the 
 Library, which is the central feature of a series of build- 
 ings forming a large quadrangle, and including (on the 
 east) East Hall, Kent Hall, Philosophy Hall, St. Paul's 
 Chapel, Avery Library, and Fayerweather ; (on the 
 north) Schermerhorn, University Hall, and Havemeyer; 
 and (on the west) Engineering, West Hall, Earl Hall, 
 School of Mines, and Faculty Club. This enclosure will 
 ultimately be divided into smaller quadrangles by build- 
 ings occupying positions corresponding to that of the 
 Avery Library, the first of the inner buildings to be 
 erected. A Model of all the University buildings, now 
 existing and as projecting (gift of F. Augustus Scher- 
 merhorn, of the Class of 1 868) , can be seen in the basement 
 of Kent Hall, which can be reached by taking the elevator 
 on the left of the vestibule. The model is on a large 
 scale (20 ft. x 35 ft.) and shows the buildings in detail 
 as well as in their relations to each other. 
 
 14 
 
ON THE QUADRANGLE 
 
SOUTH COURT 15 
 
 The main approach to the group of buildings is through 
 South Court (330 ft. X 123 ft.) on the north side of 
 1 1 6th Street, which is enclosed on three sides by walls 
 and stairs of granite leading up to the Quadrangle. The 
 greater part of the court is paved in a decorative pattern 
 of brick and Istrian marble, relieved by squares of turf 
 and masses of shrubbery, among which the principal 
 features are two ancient yew-trees, which were formerly 
 in the Hosack Botanical Garden and were transplanted 
 to this site about 1830, when it was still occupied by the 
 New York Hospital. On the main east and west axis 
 of the court stand two monumental fountains of pink 
 Stony Creek granite, the gift of an anonymous alumnus. 
 Each consists of a monolithic basin nine feet in diameter, 
 borne upon a support which rises out of a sunken basin 
 sixteen feet in diameter, filled from a central jet. In 
 the pavement, directly in front of the stairs leading up 
 to the Library, is inlaid in bronze letters the following 
 inscription to the memory of the chief architect of the 
 University buildings: 
 
 CHARLES FOLLEN MCKIM MDCCCXLVII-MDCCCCIX. DE 
 SUPER ARTIFICIS SPECTANT MONUMENTA PER ANNOS 
 
 {The monuments of an artist look down upon us from 
 round about throughout the ages) . 
 
 A flight of low steps, which occupies the entire side 
 of the court, is three hundred and thirty feet wide, the 
 steps being constructed on a curve rising four inches in 
 the center, after the example of Greek practice as seen 
 in the stylobate of the Parthenon. In the center of the 
 upper steps is a statue of Alma Mater in gilt bronze 
 executed by Daniel C. French, the gift of the widow of 
 the late Robert Goelet (of the Class of i860). The 
 
1 6 THE LIBRARY 
 
 University is symbolized allegorically as a matronly 
 figure in academic robes seated on a throne, holding a 
 scepter in her right hand, and with an open book in her 
 lap. An owl, the emblem of learning, is half concealed 
 by the folds of the drapery at her feet, and on the back 
 of the throne in low relief is the seal of the University. 
 
 On each side of the terrace are granite balustrades and 
 pedestals which form a parapet, surmounted by colossal 
 granite vases. Two fiagstaffs, eighty feet high, set in 
 ornate bronze vases, stand at the right and left. The 
 western mast was presented in 1898 by the Lafayette 
 Post of the Grand Army of the Republic ; it is capped by a 
 gilded eagle and bears the national colors. The eastern 
 staff was presented in 1906, by the Class of 1881 as its 
 twenty-fifth anniversary gift ; it is capped with a gilded 
 replica of the crown which originally served as a symbol 
 of the royal charter of King's College (see p. 21), and 
 bears the University flag, a white crown on a blue field. 
 
 The central feature of the group of University buildings, 
 as above stated, is The Library (erected, 1895-97. The 
 gift of Seth Low, LL.D., of the Class of 1870. Architects : 
 McKim, Mead & White). Its exterior is of Indiana 
 limestone, in a classical style of architecture based on 
 Roman precedents but with many suggestions of Greek 
 refinement in its details. Its plan is that of an octagon 
 with alternate long and short sides, from the former of 
 which project four short arms or wings. The main 
 structure is of two stories and attic above a high base- 
 ment, the whole surmounted by an octagonal super- 
 structure crowned with a dome. The basement is 
 entered by doors in each of the four short or obliquQ sides. 
 
THE IJBRARY 17 
 
 The main fagade displays a flight of twenty-six steps 
 leading up to a massive colonnade of ten fluted Ionic 
 columns thirty-five feet high, on white marble bases. 
 The frieze bears the title the library of Columbia 
 UNIVERSITY, between the dates 1754 and 1897, above 
 the inscription which is quoted at length on page i. 
 Above the roofs of the four wings rises the octagonal 
 podium or base for the external dome, having in its four 
 principal faces large semicircular clearstory windows 
 lighting the reading-room within. The dome which sur- 
 mounts this is a hemispherical self-supporting vault 
 of masonry, ninety-seven feet in external diameter, sur- 
 rounded at its base by three steps, after the model of 
 the Pantheon at Rome, and covered with stone tiles, 
 each carved into the semblance of a laurel leaf. Beneath 
 the external dome is an inner dome of plaster on a steel 
 frame forming the ceiling of the reading-room. 
 
 The four basement entrances lead through vestibules 
 into lobbies, from which staircases of stone rise to the 
 floors above. The central part of the basement is oc- 
 cupied by the stack room which extends down to the 
 cellar level and has shelves for 80,000 volumes. The four 
 wings of the basement are devoted to cloak rooms, service 
 rooms for the Library, toilet rooms for men and women, 
 the administrative offices of the Superintendent of 
 Buildings and Grounds (Room no) and the University 
 Post-Office (Room in), which is sub-station 84 of the 
 New York Post-Office. In the Post-Office is the Uni- 
 versity telephone exchange, which is connected with the 
 city telephone system and with the University buildings. 
 These offices (no and in) adjoin the southeast entrance, 
 which is always open. 
 
1 8 THE LIBRARY 
 
 The main floor is reached either by the four interior 
 staircases already mentioned, or by the exterior flight 
 (eighty-four feet wide) in front of the building. Upon 
 the terminal parapets or abutments between which the 
 twenty-six steps are set, stand two bronze torcheres, 
 the gift of Samuel Sloan, in memory of William Simpson 
 Sloan (of the Class of 1882) ; they are nine feet high, de- 
 signed after the model of a famous candelabrum in the 
 Vatican Museum. The main entrance hall measures 
 thirty by thirty-three feet and extends through two 
 stories, with a richly panelled ceiling from the center 
 of which hangs a colossal gilt bronze lantern. Directly 
 in front of the door is the following inscription in bronze 
 letters let into the marble pavement : 
 
 THIS BUILDING IS A MEMORIAL OF ABIEL ABBOT LOW, A 
 CITIZEN OF BROOKLYN AND A MERCHANT OF NEW YORK: 
 BORN IN SALEM, MASS., FEBRUARY VII, MDCCCXI : DIED 
 IN BROOKLYN, N. Y., JANUARY VII, MDCCCXCIII. 
 
 In the center of the vestibule stands a pedestal sur- 
 mounted by a white marble bust of Pallas Athene, a copy 
 of the head of the "Minerve du Collier" in the Louvre 
 Museum; the gift of J. Ackerman Coles, M.D., LL.D. 
 (of the Class of 1864). About its base is an octagonal 
 decoration in the pavement, set with the twelve signs 
 of the zodiac in bronze in very low relief, the alternate 
 panels having each two signs ingeniously combined. 
 
 On either side of the doorway against the wall are 
 pedestals bearing finely executed bronze copies of antique 
 busts: that on the right of the person entering is the 
 Otricoli Zeus (erroneously inscribed as the work of 
 
THE LIBRARY 1 9 
 
 Phidias); that on the left, the head of Plato so-called 
 (really a bearded Dionysus) ; also the gift of Dr. Coles. 
 Four handsome bronze torcheres, after an antique Roman 
 model, are set in the corners of the hall. Two columns 
 of green marble from Connemara (Ireland) separate the 
 hall from the corridor beyond, which is reached by four 
 steps of Istrian marble. A fine architectural vista is 
 afforded between these columns and the inner row of col- 
 umns up to the lofty blue dome of the Reading Room 
 which occupies the entire central part of the building. 
 
 On the left side of the vestibule a door gives access to 
 the office of the Secretary of the University — the 
 central office for information on all matters connected 
 with the administration of the University. A private 
 elevator ascends to the office of the President above. 
 Upon the walls of the Secretary's office are a number of 
 portraits: on the east wall, Abiel Abbot Low, by H. S. 
 Todd; Hamilton Fish (of the Class of 1827), Secretary 
 of State under President Grant and for thirty-four 
 years chairman of the Trustees of the University, by 
 Daniel Huntington; on the north wall, a portrait of the 
 Due de Loubat, a benefactor of the Library, by 
 Madrazo; on the south wall, a portrait of the Rev. John 
 M. Mason, S.T.D. (of the Class of 1789), Provost of 
 Columbia College, 1811-16. 
 
 The corresponding door on the right or east side of the 
 entrance hall admits to the Trustees' Room. Visitors 
 desiring to be admitted to this room should apply to the 
 Superintendent, between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (except on 
 Sundays and holidays) . This room serves for the meet- 
 ings of the various faculties as well as for the meetings 
 of the Trustees. It is wainscoted for its entire height in 
 
20 THE LIBRARY 
 
 Irish bog oak with Ionic pilasters supporting a richly 
 carved entablature, and is adorned with a plaster ceiling 
 decorated in low relief with panels and rosettes. The 
 room contains many objects of historic interest. The 
 President's chair originally belonged to Benjamin Frank- 
 lin; it is inscribed as follows: '' The Library chair of Dr, 
 Benjamin Franklin bequeathed to Dr. David Hosack by the 
 late Mrs. Catherine Bache Grand Daughter of Dr. Franklin 
 and presented by Dr. Hosack to the Literary and Philos- 
 ophical Society of New York, January, 1822. — Jacob 
 Dyckman Rec. Sec.'' A fireplace in Caen stone is a con- 
 spicuous feature of the room and is in fact a monument 
 of King's College, as the institution was originally named. 
 In it is set the corner-stone of the first building erected 
 in 1756 for King's College, bearing the inscription: 
 
 HUJUS COLLEGII, REGALIS DICTI, REGIO DIPLOMATE 
 CONSTITUTI IN HONOREM DEI O. M. ATQ : IN ECCLESI^ 
 REIQ: PUBLICO EMOLUMENTUM, PRIMUM HUNC LAPI- 
 DEM POSUIT VIR PR^CELLENTISSIMUS, CAROLUS 
 HARDY, EQUES AURATUS, HUJUS PROVINCI^ PR.E- 
 FECTUS DIGNISSIMUS AUGTI. DIE 23° AN. DOM. 
 MDCCLVI. 
 
 {This first stone of this College called King's, established 
 by royal charter to the honor of A Imighty God and for the 
 advancement of Church and State, was laid by the Most 
 Excellent Charles Hardy, Knight, the very worthy Governor 
 of this Province, August 2j, Anno Domini 1756.) 
 
 A paraphrase of this inscription appears on the corner- 
 stone of Hamilton Hall, the present home of Columbia 
 College (p. 62). 
 
THE LIBRARY 21 
 
 In the central panel of the chimney-piece is a portrait 
 of Samuel Johnson, S.T.D., first president of King's 
 College 1754-63, probably by L. Kilbum, who presented 
 it to the College about 1756. Above the chimney- 
 piece is a copper crown which once surmounted the 
 flagpole of King's College, as the visible symbol of the 
 royal charter under which the College was established 
 in 1754, iiow adopted as an emblem of the University 
 and as such is represented 'on the University flag. On 
 the shelf of the mantel may be seen a telescope, which 
 formed a part of the scientific apparatus of King's Col- 
 lege and was used by General Washington during the 
 Revolution; also a fine bronze copy of Houdon's bust 
 of Franklin, the gift of Dr. Coles (of the Class of 1864). 
 
 A photograph of the Royal Charter granted to the 
 "Governors of the College of the Province of New York 
 in the City of New York in America," in the reign of 
 George II (1754) for the founding of "King's College," 
 may be seen under glass behind a sliding panel in the 
 center of the wainscoting of the north end of the room. 
 The original, engrossed on vellum in an easily legible 
 round script, is one of the most valued historical 
 possessions of the University. The other portraits in 
 this room are the following: north wall (center), Myles 
 Cooper, LL.D., second president of King's College, 
 1763-75* by Copley; (left), WiUiam Samuel Johnson, 
 LL.D., president, 1 787-1 800, copy by Waldo after 
 Gilbert Stuart; south wall (left), Benjamin Moore, 
 S.T.D., president, 1801-11; east wall (right), William 
 Harris, S.T.D., president, 181 1-29; (left) William A. 
 Duer, LL.D., president, 1829-42, by Inman; west wall, 
 Nathaniel F. Moore, LL.D., president, 1842-49. The 
 
22 THE LIBRARY 
 
 portraits of the other presidents may be seen in the 
 Librarian's Room, and in Kent and Earl Halls. 
 
 An ascent of four steps leads from the entrance hall to 
 the south corridor. In the center of the floor is set the 
 seal of the University in bronze. Upon the oaken wall 
 formed by the backs of the bookcases are inscrip- 
 tions commemorating early benefactors, and a series 
 of early diplomas framed "under glass. To the right 
 and left are two marble busts of Washington, attrib- 
 uted to the American sculptors, Crawford and Green- 
 ough, respectively, the gift of General J. Watts de 
 Peyster. 
 
 The corridor to the left passes through the southwest 
 corner lobby, in which the rich pavement of colored 
 Italian marbles is noticeable, as well as the four graceful 
 bronze torcheres or candelabra, of Pompeiian design, in 
 the corners. All the four lobbies are similarly adorned. 
 The drinking fountain in this lobby was the gift of the 
 late Edward A. Darling, superintendent of buildings and 
 grounds of Columbia University (i 890-1 899), in mem- 
 ory of his wife, Edith Pennington. Farther on is the 
 west corridor, on which is the Loan Room, containing the 
 loan desk and card catalogue. From this room a door 
 on the left and an intervening office lead to the Librarian's 
 Room. The corresponding door on the other side admits 
 to the accessions department : on either side this door are 
 busts: (i) MacchiavelH, (2) probably C^sar. In the 
 librarian's room are several portraits, and an elaborately 
 carved Chinese screen inlaid with mother-of-pearl pre- 
 sented by Ching Yun Sen and his Chinese fellow-students 
 in 1904. The portraits are of Christopher Columbus, of 
 
READING ROOM 
 
THE LIBRARY 23 
 
 George Ogilvie (of the Class of 1774), and of Charles H. 
 Wharton, LL.D., president of the College for a few 
 months in 1801. 
 
 The Library is open to students and officers of the 
 University and to properly accredited readers not mem- 
 bers of the University, every week-day except Labor 
 Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas, New Year's Day, 
 Good Friday, and Independence Day, from 8:30 a.m. 
 to II P.M., except during July-September, when it closes 
 at 10 P.M. 
 
 Opposite the entrance to the loan room is the entrance 
 to the General Reading Room. This room is an octa- 
 gon, measuring seventy- three feet across, and covered by 
 a dome seventy feet in diameter, which rises to a height 
 of 105K feet, resting on pendentives springing from four 
 massive stone piers at the corners. Between these piers 
 on each of the four sides are four noble columns, twenty- 
 nine feet high, of green granite from Ascutney, Vermont, 
 highly polished and capped by Greek Ionic capitals of gilt 
 bronze. Four large semicircular clearstory windows light 
 the spacious interior, which accommodates one hundred 
 and fifty-two readers at desks disposed in circles about 
 a central case containing dictionaries and encyclopaedias. 
 The clock over this case was the gift of the Class of 1874. 
 In the fine carved oak bookcases surrounding the room 
 are five thousand volumes for every- day reference. 
 
 The sixteen columns above mentioned support four 
 galleries under the clearstory windows, with stone para- 
 pets or balustrades which it is intended to adorn with 
 sixteen statues of heroic size, one above each column. 
 Four of these are in place, at the north side: beginning 
 
24 THE LIBRARY 
 
 at the left, Euripides, a copy of the Giustinian Euripides 
 in the Vatican, the gift of the architect Charles F. 
 McKim; a copy of the Vatican Demosthenes, the gift of 
 W. Bayard Cutting (of the Class of 1869); Sophocles, a 
 copy of the statue in the Later an Museum, the gift of 
 Dr. George G. Wheelock (of the Class of 1864) ; Augustus 
 Caesar, a copy of the Louvre statue, the gift of F. Augus- 
 tus Schermerhorn (of the Class of 1868): all four of 
 Istrian marble. The dome overhead is the inner dome 
 or ceiling; from its summit hangs a white sphere, 7K ft. 
 in diameter, which, when lighted on certain occasions by 
 electric searchlights produces the impression of a lumin- 
 ous globe or moon, diffusing a soft white light through 
 the upper spaces of the room. 
 
 Upon the bookcases in the four corners of the room are 
 the following bronze busts: northwest corner, Frederic 
 de Peyster (of the Class of 1816) ; northeast corner, John 
 Watts ( 1 749-1 836), founder of the Leake and Watts 
 Orphan Asylum: these two by G. E. Bissell, sculptor, the 
 gift of General J. Watts de Peyster in 1 889. In the south- 
 east corner, Socrates; southwest corner, Hermes, copy of 
 the Hermes of Praxiteles at Olympia; on the central case, 
 east side, bust of Beethoven. The last two are the gift 
 of Dr. Coles (of the Class of 1864). 
 
 Opening from the north corridor is the Periodical 
 Room, measuring 61 ft. x 37 ft., extending through two 
 stories in height and covered by a paneled ceiling. The 
 room contains 5000 bound volumes of periodicals; and 
 600 current periodicals from all parts of the world are 
 accessible on its shelves. 
 
 In the east corridor is a bronze bust of Homer, a copy 
 
THE LIBRARY 25 
 
 of a marble head in the Louvre Museum, the gift of Dr. 
 Coles (of the Class of 1864) ; also a vase, four feet seven 
 inches, with figures in relief, the gift of J. Aburatani and 
 a number of Japanese students in 1904. 
 
 The door on the east admits to the Exhibition Room, 
 39 ft. X 58 ft. in size, formerly occupied by the Avery 
 Library, which is now housed in a separate building 
 (p. 39). This room is used for public exhibitions of 
 rare books, manuscripts, bindings, and drawings. The 
 beams of the ceiling bear the names of great architects. 
 From this room a door in the north end admits to a room 
 devoted to a collection of Columbiana, and another in the 
 south end to a room devoted to engravings, manuscripts, 
 and maps. 
 
 The upper floors, reached by the four staircases from the 
 corner lobbies, are devoted chiefly to the various collec- 
 tions of the library. On the second floor, the east side 
 is devoted to the social sciences, the west side to modem 
 languages; the north side being occupied by the upper 
 part of the Periodical Room, and the south side by the 
 upper part of the entrance hall. The third floor is de- 
 voted to history on the west side, and to philosophy on 
 the north side, the remainder being occupied by offices 
 and workrooms. The total number of volumes in the 
 Library is nearly 500,000, besides many thousands of 
 pamphlets and manuscripts, and 30,000 German univer- 
 sity dissertations, contained in the Library Building, and 
 in departmental libraries and in Kent and Avery Halls. 
 
 From the southeast corner vestibule on the third floor 
 access may be had to the exterior dome, from which 
 there is a fine view of the University buildings and of the 
 entire city. The summit of this dome is 134 feet above 
 
26 THE LIBRARY 
 
 the level of the campus. For admission application 
 must be made in the Superintendent's office in Room i lo 
 in the southeast corner of the basement. 
 
 Although Columbia has no funds to spend on rare 
 books or on volumes notable chiefly for their beauty of 
 page and binding, it is fortunate in the possession of an 
 abundance of variora, thanks to the gifts of its friends. 
 Many of these were received by bequest from Stephen 
 Whitney Phoenix in 1881, among them a large number 
 of sumptuously illustrated folios dealing with art and 
 archeology. By the Phoenix bequest the library came 
 into possession of two of its 250 incunabula, Caxton's 
 ''BokeoftheFaytof ArmsandChyvalre" (London, 1489), 
 and Wynkyn de Worde's edition of "De Proprietatibus 
 Rerum" of Bartholemeus (London, 1495). There are 
 also a Herodotus printed by Etienne in 161 8, bound in 
 red morocco for Louis XIII, and an Aldine lamblichus 
 of 151 6 bound for Grolier with his famous motto, lo. 
 Grolerii et amicorum. Among the MSS. in the library 
 are chapters by Emerson and Hawthorne, Holmes and 
 George Bancroft. Especially noteworthy is the collec- 
 tion of letters to and from DeWitt Clinton (of the Class 
 of 1786). 
 
 Among the association books are volumes that be- 
 longed to Ben Jonson and to Racine (this latter con- 
 taining many notes). There are also 150 autograph 
 letters of Pierre Bayle, with references to Moli^re and 
 Descartes. The special collection devoted to Kant 
 numbers more than 1500 volumes and there is a Goethe 
 collection of about the same size. The Shakspere col- 
 lections extend to more than 2000 volumes and the 
 
EAST HALL 2^ 
 
 Milton to 250. A Moliere collection of nearly 400 
 volumes has been presented to the library but has not 
 yet been received. To be noted also are collections 
 dealing with the French and Russian revolutions and 
 with the anarchistic movement, this last being unique. 
 Especially useful are 60,000 European dissertations. 
 
 To the southeast of the Library is a temporary build- 
 ing known as East Hall, in which are a number of admin- 
 istrative offices of the University. Here are the offices of 
 the Bursar, the Registrar, the Dean of the graduate 
 faculties, and the Provost of the University; also the 
 offices of the Alumni Council, the Committee on Employ- 
 ment for Students, and the Committee on Undergraduate 
 Admissions. The Columbia University Press, which also 
 has its offices in this building, was organized in 1893, 
 with the approval of the Trustees of the University, 
 primarily for the purpose of promoting the publication 
 of works embodying the results of original research. 
 The Press is a private corporation, directly related to 
 the University; and it is conducted not as a commercial 
 enterprise, but in the interest of higher education. The 
 officers of the Press are: Nicholas Murray Butler, Presi- 
 dent, William H. Carpenter, Secretary, and John B. Pine, 
 Treasurer. 
 
 To the southeast of the Library and on the comer of 
 1 1 6th Street and Amsterdam Avenue stands Kent Hall 
 (erected 1910, with funds largely provided by the 
 bequest of Charles Bathgate Beck of the Class of 1877, 
 College, and 1879, Law. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
 White). 
 
28 KENT HALL 
 
 Historical Note. The Schools of Law and of Political 
 Science occupy Kent Hall, which is appropriately named 
 for Chancellor James Kent, appointed professor of law 
 in Columbia College in 1793, and reappointed in 1823 
 after his retirement from the office of Chancellor of the 
 State of New York. Though his active incumbency 
 under his first appointment extended for only two years 
 and under his second appointment only three years, he 
 continued to hold his professorship until his death in 1 847 , 
 and his famous "Commentaries" were outlined in the 
 lectures which he delivered to Columbia students. 
 
 The beginnings of law instruction in Columbia go back 
 to 1773, when there was established in King's College the 
 first professorship of law in an American institution of 
 learning. Law instruction at Columbia was, however, 
 discontinuous and irregular until the establishment in 
 1858 of the School of Jurisprudence, transformed in the 
 following year into the School of Law. For the ensuing 
 thirty-two years the school was conducted by Theodore 
 W. D wight, as professor of municipal law, and for twenty 
 years all the prescribed courses were given by him. In 
 1878 the regular staff of instructors was increased by the 
 addition of two more professors, and ten years later the 
 course of study was extended from two to three years. 
 At the present time (19 12) forty-one courses are offered 
 by eleven professors and three other lecturers, and the 
 registration of the school exceeds 450. 
 
 The original plan for the School of Jurisprudence 
 embraced instruction in history, political economy, 
 political philosophy, international and foreign law, and 
 jurisprudence. Among the scholars called to Colimibia 
 for the realization of this plan was Francis Lieber. In 
 
KENT HALL 29 
 
 the School of Law, which developed a strictly pro- 
 fessional course of instruction for students desiring to 
 practice at the bar, little attention was paid to these 
 subjects. In 1876 Professor John W. Burgess was ap- 
 pointed professor of political science; and in 1880, at 
 his suggestion, the School of Political Science was estab- 
 lished, designed to supplement the courses in private law 
 "with those studies in ethics, history, and public law 
 necessary to complete the science of jurisprudence." 
 The field covered by this school has steadily widened, 
 until at the present time (19 12) over one hundred and 
 seventy courses are offered by twenty-five professors 
 and half a dozen associates and instructors in the fields 
 of history and political philosophy, economics, sociology, 
 social economy, statistics, public law, foreign law, and 
 comparative jurisprudence, and the registration in the 
 school exceeds 400, exclusive of those students who are 
 pursuing the professional law course. 
 
 Description. The intimate relations existing be- 
 tween the Schools of Law and of Political Science render 
 it appropriate that they share the same building. In 
 conformity to the general design of Columbia's buildings, 
 Kent Hall is constructed of overburned brick and lime- 
 stone, set upon a base of granite, its dimensions being 
 205 ft. X 53 ft. The first floor, entered on the north side 
 from the quadrangle, is occupied by the Law Library and 
 Reading Room, extending the entire length of the build- 
 ing. On the walls hang portraits of Chancellor Kent, 
 Professor D wight. Professor Burgess, Charles M. Da 
 Costa [a trustee of the College (i 886-1 890), to whom the 
 Law School is indebted for wise counsel and benefactions], 
 and President Butler. At the east and west ends of the 
 
30 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 Law Library are alcoves with galleries, containing study- 
 tables for the accommodation of 336 students, and book- 
 shelves with a capacity for 25,000 volumes, so ordered 
 that the books are immediately accessible to readers. In 
 the basement, which is above the street level, and in the 
 sub-basement are book-stacks with a capacity for 80,000 
 volumes and ample space for an equal number of addi- 
 tional stacks. The Library of the Law School now (19 12) 
 comprises nearly 50,000 volumes, not including the 
 works in jurisprudence, public law, and foreign law 
 which form a part of the library of political science. In 
 the basement, also, are moot-court and locker rooms, a 
 social room for the use of students, and the editorial 
 office of the Columbia Law Review. In the sub-basement 
 is the model of the University buildings (p. 14). 
 
 The second floor is occupied by lecture rooms and the 
 offices of the Dean and other members of the Law Fac- 
 ulty. On the third floor are lecture rooms shared by 
 the two schools, seminar rooms for the departments of 
 economics, sociology, statistics, and public law, with 
 offices for the professors. 
 
 Immediately to the north of Kent Hall, but on a slightly 
 lower level, is the Hall of Philosophy (erected in 1910. 
 The gift of an anonymous donor. Architects: McKim, 
 Mead & White). This building is occupied by the 
 Faculty of Philosophy, one of the three university 
 faculties which direct the work of the more advanced 
 students. 
 
 Historical Note. What is known as the Graduate 
 School in most American universities is at Columbia 
 represented by distinct but alHed schools, that of Philo- 
 
HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 3 1 
 
 sophy, that of Political Science, and that of Pure Science. 
 The faculties of these schools comprise the Graduate 
 Faculties, and collectively they have much the largest 
 body of students of any graduate school in the United 
 States. The Faculty of Philosophy, which has charge of 
 the work in philosophy, psychology, and ethics, and also 
 that in classical philology, in the ancient languages and 
 literatures, and in modern languages and literatures, was 
 established in 1890, but it relates back to the earliest 
 days of King's College when Samuel Johnson, the first 
 president and, for the time being, the only instructor, 
 taught the students Greek, logic, metaphysics, and ethics. 
 His work in philosophy was among the very first pub- 
 lished in this country, and he ranked among the leaders 
 of thought of his time. Professorships in the French, 
 German, and Oriental languages were established in 1784, 
 in Italian in 1825, and in Hebrew and Spanish in 1830. 
 
 Description. The main floor of this building is 
 occupied by a large social room and study for the women 
 graduate students, suitably furnished and hung with 
 engravings; several lecture rooms, and the office of 
 the Director of the Summer Session and of Extension 
 Teaching. 
 
 On the mezzanine and second floors are the studies and 
 lecture rooms of the departments of Oriental languages 
 and literatures, of Romance languages and literatures, 
 and of Germanic languages and literatures. The editor- 
 ial offices of the Romanic Review and the special library 
 of the Germanic department are on the second floor. 
 
 The third floor is occupied by the offices and lecture 
 rooms of the professors of English and comparative 
 literature, who are in charge of the graduate work, the 
 
32 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 professors in charge of the undergraduate courses having 
 their studies in Hamilton Hall, Barnard, and Teachers. 
 On this floor is also the Carpenter Library, a large room 
 containing a collection of books given as a memorial of 
 George Rice Carpenter, professor of rhetoric and English 
 composition (i 893-1 909). This library already contains 
 some 2400 volumes and is classified and catalogued on 
 the same system as the general library, its chief aim being 
 to give students ready access to the works particularly 
 needed in connection with the stated courses of study. 
 The walls are hung with portraits; but the most inter- 
 esting feature of the room is the mantelpiece from the 
 room in Brennan House, formerly at 84th Street near 
 the Hudson River, in which Poe wrote "The Raven." 
 Above this mantelpiece hang the models for the obverse 
 and reverse of the Bunner Medal which is awarded an- 
 nually for an essay on a subject in American literature. 
 
 Connecting with the Carpenter Library on the west is 
 the Brander Matthews Dramatic Museum, which oc- 
 cupies two rooms, the first containing books dealing with 
 the history of the theater, and the second containing a 
 collection of views of theaters, interior and exterior, of 
 masques and carrousels, and of outdoor performances of 
 various kinds, together with portraits of distinguished 
 actors of various periods in the costumes they wore on 
 the stage. It has also models of five of the theaters 
 typical of the more important epochs in the development 
 of the drama. 
 
 I. The stage of the Mystery acted at Valenciennes 
 in 1547. This is a dupHcate of the model prepared for 
 the Paris Exhibition of 1878 and now in the library of 
 the Opera. It was made by MM. Duvignaud and 
 
HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 33 
 
 Gabin, under the direction of M. Marius Sepet (the 
 gift of Brander Matthews of the class of 1871.) 
 
 2. An open place in an English village with the 
 pageant- wagon representing Noah's Ark. This is a 
 reproduction of the set shown at the New Theater in the 
 spring of 191 1. It was made by Mr. Joseph Wickes, 
 under the direction of Mr. E. Hamilton Bell. (The gift 
 of Mr. Winthrop Ames.) 
 
 3. The court-yard of an English inn with the platform 
 on which strolling players are performing "The Nice 
 Wanton." It was made by Mr. Joseph Wickes, under 
 the direction of Mr. E. Hamilton Bell. (The gift of 
 Messrs. H. C. Chatfield-Taylor and Otto H. Kahn.) 
 
 4. The Fortune Theater, erected in London in 1600 
 (on the plan of Shakspere's Globe) . It was made by Mr. 
 James P. Maginnis, under the direction of Mr. Walter H. 
 Godfrey. (The gift of Mr. Clarence H. Mackay.) 
 
 5. The Palais Royal, erected in Paris in 1639 by 
 Cardinal Richelieu (and occupied after 1661 by Moliere 
 and his company). It is a German cut-out made under 
 the direction of Dr. Fritsche. (The gift of Mr. E. 
 Hamilton Bell.) 
 
 There are now more than 2000 volumes on the shelves 
 of the Dramatic Museum, including special collections 
 on the Elizabethan theater, on nineteenth-century French 
 drama, and on Richard Brinsley Sheridan (this last being 
 the largest collection outside the British Museum). 
 There are also interesting gatherings of books on sub- 
 divisions of theatrical history — the opera, the ballet, 
 the puppet-show, the circus, and pantomime. The 
 folk-theater and the shows given in the fairs of London 
 and Paris are also well represented. 
 
34 HALL OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
 The fourth floor is occupied by the departments of 
 classical philology, including the studies of the pro- 
 fessors of Greek and Latin, and a departmental library. 
 
 Here also is the Classical Museum. On account of 
 the nearness of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the 
 liberality with which its collections are opened to students 
 of the University, little attempt has been made to develop 
 a large museum of classical antiquities at the University. 
 The Metropolitan Museum contains admirably chosen 
 collections of ancient sculpture (both original works and 
 plaster casts), of vases, and many casts of notable archi- 
 tectural monuments. The University has, however, an 
 excellent collection, left to it by the late Professor Olcott, 
 of original objects illustrating many phases of ancient 
 Roman life, and a collection of similar scope is projected 
 for the illustration of ancient Greek life. Such an equip- 
 ment is in effect a kind of laboratory of the greatest value 
 to students of ancient civilization. The department of 
 classical philology also possesses a large and valuable 
 collection of photographs, and some hundreds of lantern- 
 slides. The photographs include the two great series, 
 "Denkmaler griechischer und romischer Skulptur" and 
 "Griechische und romische Port rats." There is a large 
 set of very accurate electrotyped facsimiles of Greek 
 coins, and a large collection of original coins, both Greek 
 and Roman. For the study of epigraphy the depart- 
 ment possesses a large number of Roman inscribed stones, 
 and an extensive collection of paper impressions of Greek 
 inscriptions. 
 
 The department of philosophy, psychology, and ethics, 
 (except the laboratory for experimental psychology, which 
 is in Schermerhorn Hall) has its studies and lecture- 
 
ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 
 
ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 35 
 
 rooms on the fifth floor and here also are the editorial 
 offices of Science and of the Popular Science Monthly. 
 
 The basement of the building fronting on Amsterdam 
 Avenue is very fully equipped for advanced work in 
 electrical engineering. 
 
 Opposite the entrance of the Hall of Philosophy 
 stands an ancient well-head brought from the court of 
 the Palace of Ambassadors in Venice; the gift of the 
 Class of 1887, College, on its twenty-fifth anniversary. 
 
 At right angles to the Hall of Philosophy and facing 
 toward the Library is St. Paul's Chapel (erected 1904. 
 The gift of OHvia E. P. Stokes and Carohne Phelps 
 Stokes. Architects: Howells & Stokes). This is by 
 many regarded as architecturally the most interesting 
 building in the University group. It stands at the east- 
 ern end of the central transverse axis of the main group, 
 and its dimensions are 140 ft. x 32 ft. x 112 ft. It is 
 built of overburned brick with trimmings of limestone, 
 and forms in plan a short Latin cross prolonged at the 
 east by a semicircular apse and at the west by a vaulted 
 portico of four columns. The crossing is covered by a 
 dome which is externally protected by a tiled roof, and 
 which in general form suggests the domical Renaissance 
 churches of Milan and Northern Italy. The portico 
 bears the inscription " Pro Ecclesia Dei," and the capitals 
 are adorned with cherub-heads by the sculptor Gutzon 
 B or glum. The porch is vaulted with Guastavino tiles 
 in color, showing the emblem of the cross, and above the 
 doorway is carved the motto of the University, "In 
 lumine tuo videbimus lumen." In front of the two piers 
 
36 ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 
 
 or abutments at the ends of the porch stand two bronze 
 torcheres (given by the Class of 1883 on its twenty-fifth 
 anniversary). They are in the style of the Florentine 
 Renaissance, the last work of a Florentine sculptor, 
 Arturo Bianchini, formerly resident in New York, who 
 died in Florence before the unveiling of these, his master- 
 pieces. The interior of the church is marked by extra- 
 ordinary dignity and simplicity of treatment, and a 
 perfect unity of design. "In the soaring lines of the 
 dome there is an uplift which carries the thought with it, 
 and throughout there is a sense of benediction and peace. 
 Designed and constructed by the architects in the spirit 
 which inspired the builders of the cathedrals of the 
 Middle Ages, the Chapel expresses in every line and 
 detail the sincerity of its religious character." 
 
 The walls are of warm-toned salmon-colored brick, 
 and the vaulting, including the noble dome, which rises 
 to a height of ninety-one feet, internally, with a diameter 
 of forty-eight feet, is executed in Guastavino tiling of a 
 pink tone which harmonizes admirably with the walls. It 
 is supported by pendentives resting on the four richly 
 paneled arches of the crossing. Sculptured symbols of 
 the four Evangelists adorn the crowns of these arches, 
 and the drum of the dome, beneath the windows, forms 
 a strikingly effective arcaded gallery. The galleries in the 
 north and south transepts are adorned with bronze rail- 
 ings, which like the bronze electroliers and brackets are of 
 significant and beautiful design. Appropriate scriptural 
 texts are carved upon the f riezewhich encircles theinterior. 
 
 It has been observed of this edifice that it is designed 
 in the Italian Renaissance style, upon a scheme of Byzan- 
 tine origin, carried out on Gothic principles of structural 
 
ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 37 
 
 logic, by means of modern engineering calculations, and 
 with distinctly American materials, and that the perfect 
 harmony of the result is a vindication of American eclec- 
 ticism in the hands of its talented architects. The choir 
 is fitted with pulpit, stalls, and organ fronts of Italian 
 walnut, decorated with carving and intarsia, or inlay, 
 executed in Florence by Coppede Brothers from sketches 
 furnished by the architects, the details of the design 
 being inspired from the stalls in Santa Croce, Florence. 
 The pulpit is particularly worthy of notice. The floor 
 of the entire church is paved with marble terrazzo in 
 which is set a decorative pattern in small fragments of 
 porphyry, verd antique and yellow marble from a demol- 
 lished early Christian Church in Rome. In the apse 
 are three windows executed by the late John LaFarge. 
 
 The design represents St. Paul preaching to the Athenians on Mars 
 Hill, and illustrates the text, which is carved on the marble frieze 
 of the apse, "Whom therefore ye ignorantly worship, him declare 
 I unto you" (Acts xvii: 23). The scene is supposed to be the 
 portico of one of the buildings on Mars Hill on the Areopagus, and 
 the architectural lines of the portico, extending through the three 
 windows, give a sense of unity to the composition. Between the 
 columns in the background is seen part of the outline of the Acrop- 
 olis. In the central space the Apostle is represented, standing in 
 an attitude of earnest exhortation, upon a marble platform, below 
 which descend the steps of the portico. At the foot of the steps and 
 on either side are grouped a number of figures whose poses express 
 the varying degrees of attention, sympathy, indifference, belief, or 
 doubt with which they listen to the words of the Apostle. The 
 figure of the old man standing near the Apostle represents Dionysius 
 who accepts the new teaching. Below him, seated in a chair of 
 classic design, is Damaris, absorbed in the Apostle's argument. In 
 the right hand division, upon a judge's seat, sits one of the officials of 
 the Court of Areopagus in doubtful meditation, while below him are 
 several figures expressive of doubt and dissent. "Some mocked 
 
38 ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL 
 
 and others said, we will hear thee again of this matter." Another 
 group in the left hand division, composed chiefly of the plainer sort, 
 represents those who "clave unto him and believed." The orna- 
 mental border below the windows, which follows a Greek pattern, 
 has in the center the representation of the altar, with the words in 
 Greek text, "To the Unknown God," to which St. Paul refers in the 
 chapter and verse quoted. Other texts in Greek upon the borders 
 are quotations explaining the significance of the several figures. 
 
 The twenty-four windows in the drum of the dome are 
 adorned with the arms of notable old families of New 
 York whose names are associated with the history of the 
 University: Philip Van Cortlandt of the Class of 1758; 
 Anthony Lispenard, 1761; Abraham de Peyster, 1763; 
 Frederic J. de Peyster, 1862; Egbert Benson, 1765; 
 Gerard Beekman, 1 766 ; Philip Pell, 1 770 ; Thomas Barclay, 
 1772; DeWitt Clinton, 1786; William C. Rhinelander, 
 1808; Nicholas Fish, Trustee 18 17 to 1833; Gouverneur 
 M. Ogden, 1833; Nathaniel G. Pendleton, 1813; Robert 
 B. Minturn, 1856; Ambrose C. Kingsland, 1856; George 
 L. Kingsland, 1856; Mahlon Sands, 1861, Philip J. Sands, 
 1863; Louis M. Cheesman, 1878. These windows were 
 executed by Maitland Armstrong & Co. 
 
 The present windows in the transept are temporary, 
 and it is hoped that the spaces will be filled by mem- 
 orials. It has been suggested that the window in the 
 south transept shall represent the great teachers of the 
 Old Testament, and shall be a memorial of the Rev. Dr. 
 Samuel Johnson, the first president of King's College 
 ( 1 754-1 763) and that the window in the north transept 
 shall represent the great teachers of the New Testament 
 and shall be a memorial of President Barnard (1864- 
 1889). 
 
 A tablet in the choir states that the Chapel was erected 
 
AVERY LIBRARY 39 
 
 in memory of James Stokes and Caroline Phelps, his wife, 
 the parents of the donors, and a tablet in the north tran- 
 sept is a memorial of James Hulme Canfield, Librarian 
 of the University (i 899-1 909). 
 
 The organ, built by Ernest M. Skinner and Company 
 of Dorchester, Massachusetts, is considered one of the 
 finest in New York, and is noted for the sweetness and 
 richness of its tone, as well as for the beauty of its case. 
 
 Services are held in the Chapel daily, except Saturday; 
 at 12 M. on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday; 
 on Wednesday at 5: 10 p.m., and on Sunday a service 
 with sermon is held at 4 p.m., the preachers being clergy 
 of all denominations. The services are according to the 
 ritual of the Episcopal Church, the musical portions 
 being rendered by a large choir of University students, 
 accompanied by the organ. Organ recitals are also 
 frequently held in the afternoon in the Chapel, which is 
 open to visitors from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
 
 Opposite the door of St. Paul's Chapel is a marble 
 exedra on which is carved the inscription : 
 
 TO FELLOWSHIP AND LOVE OF ALMA MATER, 
 
 CLASS OF 1886, ARTS, MINES, POLITICAL SCIENCE, 
 
 25TH ANNIVERSARY, I9II. 
 
 North of the Chapel and facing the west side of the 
 Library is the Avery Library (erected 191 1. The 
 gift of Samuel P. Avery. Architects: McKim, Mead 
 & White). 
 
 Historical Note. The Avery Library of Columbia 
 University is the standard architectural library in the 
 
40 AVERY LIBRARY 
 
 United States, and is equaled by only one or two others 
 in the world. It was founded by the late Samuel P. 
 Avery, father of the donor of the building, and Mrs. Avery 
 in memory of their son, Henry Ogden Avery, a young 
 architect of great promise who died in 1 890. The scope of 
 the library includes architecture, and the arts of construc- 
 tion and decorative design allied to architecture. There 
 are at present on the shelves of the library 19,066 volumes 
 and 1 10 current periodicals, representing the United States, 
 Canada, and eight European countries, as well as all the 
 standard monumental works on architecture, including 
 such rarities as the 1470 edition of Alberti's De Re 
 ^dificatoria, the Catalogue of the Walters Collection, 
 and the Ongania St, Mark's. Although intended prima- 
 rily for the use of the students of the University, the 
 library is open daily (except Sundays and certain holi- 
 days) from 9 A.M. until 6 p.m. and from 7 till ii P.M., 
 without restriction, to all architects and students of the 
 arts of design. 
 
 The School of Architecture, established by the Trustees 
 in 1880 under the direction of Professor William R. Ware, 
 as a department of the School of Applied Science, then 
 known as the Columbia School of Mines, is now a school 
 under the University Faculty of Fine Arts. It maintains 
 courses leading to a degree (B. Arch.) in architecture and 
 to a professional Certificate of Proficiency, and employs 
 a teaching staff of nine professors and instructors. The 
 students number 150 to 175 in the courses of architectural 
 design, architectural engineering, and landscape art. 
 The collections and apparatus of instruction include 900 
 volumes, 18,000 photographs, 9000 lantern slides, many 
 valuable drawings and casts, a number of fine models of 
 
AVERY LIBRARY 4 I 
 
 ancient and modern buildings, and a collection of building 
 materials and appliances. 
 
 Description. This building was erected especially to 
 house the Avery Architectural Library, and also to 
 afford accommodation to the School of Architecture. 
 It is the first of the inner series of four buildings which 
 will ultimately separate the great inner court from four 
 smaller exterior courts. Like the other buildings of 
 the group it is constructed of over-burned brick with 
 limestone trimmings; the exterior dimensions being 
 150 ft. X 50 ft. The ground story, which is twenty-two 
 feet high, is devoted entirely to the Avery Architectural 
 Library ; and the upper stories are occupied by the lecture 
 rooms, drafting rooms, offices, and departmental library 
 of the School of Architecture, an exhibition room for 
 books and drawings, and a museum of building materials 
 and appliances. The basement contains a museum of 
 casts. The main entrance is through an imposing Ionic 
 portico of four columns on the west side of the building, 
 The Avery Library is a spacious and dignified room, 
 146 ft. X 46 ft. in size, divided into three aisles by square 
 piers. The side aisles are occupied by alcoves, divided 
 into two stories by continuous galleries, and the whole 
 room is covered with a paneled and carved ceiling. It is 
 connected with the departmental library of the School 
 of Architecture on the third floor and with the lecture 
 rooms of the School by book lifts, making the entire 
 resources of the library available for class illustration 
 and for use by the instructors. 
 
 Behind the Avery Library and parallel to it on 
 Amsterdam Avenue is Fayerweather Hall (erected 
 
42 FAYERWEATHER HALL 
 
 1896, from the bequest of Daniel B. Fayerweather. 
 Architects: McKim, Mead & White). A bronze tablet 
 on the Amsterdam Avenue side of this building contains 
 the following inscription : 
 
 TO COMMEMORATE NEW YORK CITY DEFENSES DURING 
 THE WAR OF l8l2: BARRIER GATE McGOWAN's PASS, 
 BARRIER GATE MANHATTANVILLE, FORTS CLINTON, FISH, 
 AND HAIGHT, AND THREE STONE TOWERS. ALSO IN 
 
 HONOR OF MAJ. GEN. GARRIT HOPPER STRIKER (tHEN 
 captain), 5TH REGIMENT, 2ND BRIGADE. ERECTED BY 
 U. S. D., I812, EMPIRE STATE SOCIETY, FEBRUARY 22ND, 
 1900. 
 
 This building (150 ft. x 57 ft. x 100 ft.) is occupied 
 by the department of physics, except the rooms devoted 
 to astronomy. A tablet in the wall of the north vesti- 
 bule commemorates the name of the donor. 
 
 Description. On the first floor are the two lecture 
 rooms of the department of physics, and the general 
 apparatus room and stock room supplies; also two 
 shops for the repair of apparatus and the construction 
 of special instruments. 
 
 The second floor contains the general laboratory for 
 College students and five rooms devoted to special and 
 research work, and the offices of the department of 
 physics. The research laboratories are designated col- 
 lectively as the Phcenix Physical Laboratories in 
 recognition of the bequest of Stephen Whitney Phoenix 
 (of the Class of 1859). 
 
 On the third floor are a lecture-room, the museum con- 
 taining the models of the department of mathematics, 
 the library and reading-room of the department of physics, 
 several offices of the instructors in this department, and 
 
FAYERWEATHER HALL 43 
 
 the laboratories for advanced students who are either 
 taking minor graduate work in physics or conducting 
 research for their doctor's degree. 
 
 On the top floor are the offices of the department of 
 astronomy and two rooms devoted to the measurement 
 and reduction of photographic star-plates. There are 
 also four small lecture-rooms for seminar and advanced 
 work, and offices for two professors of mathematical 
 physics. 
 
 In the basement, which is well lighted, are the labora- 
 tories for undergraduate students in courses in engi- 
 neering, and also lecture, laboratory, and demonstration 
 rooms for courses for students in optometry. There are 
 in addition two rooms for research and special work, and 
 rooms for work requiring ground floor and relative 
 steadiness. One of these is a station of the U. S. Gravi- 
 tation Survey, and another has been similarly used by 
 the Austrian government. On this floor are located the 
 storage battery of the department and the distribution 
 switch-board, which sends currents of various kinds to 
 any of the rooms. 
 
 Opposite the northern ends of Fayerweather and the 
 Avery Library, and corresponding to Kent Hall on 
 the southern side of the Quadrangle, is Schermerhorn 
 Hall (erected 1896. The gift of William C. Schermerhorn 
 of the Class of 1840. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
 White). 
 
 Historical Note. The School of Pure Science was 
 established in 1892 for the purpose, as stated in Presi- 
 dent Low's report of 1893, of encouraging scientific 
 research and of unifying its interests in the University. 
 
44 FAYERWEATHER HALL 
 
 The original faculty of pure science included represen- 
 tatives of the departments of mathematics, geology, 
 mineralogy, botany, zoology, and physiology. It was 
 from the beginning affiliated with the faculties of applied 
 science and of medicine, and came into still closer relation 
 with them through the subsequent assignment to it of 
 representatives of the departments of engineering, 
 metallurgy, mining, anatomy, pathology, bacteriology, 
 and pharmacology. This faculty has charge of all non- 
 professional graduate scientific work leading to the 
 degrees of A.M. and Ph.D., but many of its members 
 also occupy seats in the professional faculties. 
 
 Description. The building (205 ft. x 80 ft. x 100 ft.), 
 as the inscription over the entrance indicates, is devoted 
 to natural science. It is occupied by the departments 
 of geology, mineralogy, botany, zoology, and psychology. 
 On the right of the spacious entrance hall stands a bronze 
 bust of the donor, and an inscription in bronze letters 
 inlaid in the floor commemorates his gift. Opening upon 
 the hall is a large general lecture-room, mainly used for 
 public lectures ; at the left is the museum of economic and 
 physical geology, at the right the Egleston Museum of 
 mineralogy, each containing large and valuable collec- 
 tions. Two lower floors are occupied by museums, 
 laboratories, and special research-rooms for invertebrate 
 paleontology, stratigraphic geology, mineralogy, and 
 blow-pipe analysis. The museums and laboratories of 
 paleontology contain extensive collections of fossil inver- 
 tebrates illustrating all the geological horizons of North 
 America and many of those of Europe. 
 
 The second floor, immediately above the entrance, 
 contains the general laboratory of inorganic geology and 
 
UNIVERSITY HALL 45 
 
 petrography, special laboratories, the lecture-room and 
 the library of the department. At the eastern end are 
 the laboratories, lecture-room, and library of the depart- 
 ment of psychology, which also has a number of special 
 research-rooms on the floor above. The third floor is 
 mainly occupied by the department of botany, and con- 
 tains a large general undergraduate laboratory, two 
 special graduate laboratories, the departmental library, 
 and other rooms. Important additional facilities for 
 work in botany are afforded by an experimental green- 
 house in East Field, and by the New York Botanical 
 Garden at Bronx Park. The upper floor is devoted to 
 the department of zoology, which here has its large 
 general undergraduate laboratory, two graduate labora- 
 tories, with rooms for special research, the library, and 
 other purposes. A teaching collection of zoological 
 specimens and models occupies the hallway. The work 
 of this department is affiliated with that of the American 
 Musetim of Natural History, where large zoological 
 collections are available for study. 
 
 To the west of Schermerhorn Hall and immediately 
 behind the Library is University Hall (construction 
 begun 1896. Architects: McKim, Mead & White). This 
 building, which occupies the central position on the 
 northern boundary of the campus, is, next to the Library, 
 the largest of the University buildings, though still lacking 
 some of its most important features, the cost of which is 
 yet to be provided. Owing to the difference in grade 
 between the campus and The Green, as the northerly 
 portion of the site is designated, the building, though it is 
 to be of the same height as those adjoining it, will have 
 
46 THE GYMNASIUM 
 
 two additional stories above the level of The Green. This 
 space has been utilized in part for a gymnasium, which 
 occupies the northerly portion of the well-lighted base- 
 ment, and in part for the power plant, which occupies 
 the southerly portion. 
 
 The Gymnasium is semicircular in form, with a floor 
 space of i68 ft. x 113 ft. and a ceiling height of 35 ft. 
 It is completely fitted with gymnastic apparatus and 
 is largely used by students taking required courses in 
 physical training, and by the students generally, as well 
 as by many alumni to whom it is open on certain even- 
 ings in each week. The gymnasium is also frequently 
 selected for intercollegiate athletic contests. On the 
 story below is a swimming pool of white marble of semi- 
 circular form, 100 ft. X 50 ft. ; and on the floor above are 
 dressing-rooms with lockers, rooms for fencing, boxing, 
 and wrestling; baths, handball courts, and the offices of 
 the director of physical training. A running track, 12 
 ft. wide, is carried around the gymnasium as a gallery, 
 having nine laps to the mile. On the floor above the 
 track (the main floor of University Hall) is the Crew 
 Room (303) which contains the rowing machines used by 
 the various crews for practice during the winter months. 
 There are three sets of these machines, so that three 
 crews of eight men can be accommodated at the same 
 time. On the walls of the room are hung the various 
 trophies won by Columbia crews. The general attend- 
 ance in the gymnasium and swimming pool for the year 
 1911-12 was more than 80,000 exclusive of spectators. 
 
 Owing to the fact that the University is not provided 
 with a theater, the gymnasium is also used for Com- 
 
POWER PLANT 47 
 
 mencements and other public functions, as well as for 
 Class Day celebrations and similar social occasions. 
 
 A driveway, on the line of 119th Street, which passes 
 through the building, separates the gymnasium from the 
 Power Plant, which provides light, heat and power to all 
 of the University buildings, with which it is connected 
 by a system of subways built of brick, eight feet in diame- 
 ter, through which the steam pipes and electric wires are 
 conveyed. These tunnels also serve for the conveyance 
 of books to the library and supplies to the several 
 buildings. The power plant also supplies Barnard 
 College, with which it is similarly connected. The 
 present capacity of the plant is 2600 horsepower, and 
 it consumes over 10,000 tons of coal per annum. 
 
 The University Commons occupies the upper portion 
 of the building fronting on the campus, having a seating 
 capacity of about five hundred, and is largely used by the 
 students. The present room, however, is only the fore- 
 runner of what is intended to be Alumni Memorial 
 Hall, a spacious and lofty hall, 164 ft. x 118 ft. x 76 ft., 
 in which are to be placed memorial tablets of alumni, and 
 which is to serve for alumni reunions, for meetings of 
 the College Forum, and other gatherings, as well as a 
 dining hall. The alumni have already contributed over 
 $100,000 for the erection of this portion of the building. 
 
 The plans of the building also include a University 
 Theater, with a seating capacity of over 2500, which will 
 provide a dignified and suitable place for Commence- 
 ments and other large assemblages. 
 
 To the north of the central group of University build- 
 ings the land falls twenty-five feet, and the lower area, 
 
48 THE GREEN 
 
 which contains about three acres, is known as The Green. 
 The semicircular apses of Schermerhom, University, 
 and Havemeyer project northward into this tract, but 
 otherwise it contains no building except the Wilde astro- 
 nomical observatory and transit house. Originally The 
 Green was beautified by a grove of stately chestnut trees, 
 but the deep excavations for the swimming pool under- 
 drained the soil, and as a result most of the older trees 
 have died. Much judicious planting has been done, how- 
 ever, and the younger growth affords shade and verdure. 
 The Green is a favorite place for garden parties and other 
 outdoor gatherings. During the Summer Session it is 
 used for open-air plays and concerts ; and when decorated 
 in the evening with Japanese lanterns it is a picturesque 
 sight. 
 
 The Green is surrounded by an ornamental iron fence 
 with granite posts, two wrought-iron gates affording 
 access. The northern gate, on 120th Street, designed 
 by McKim, Mead & White, was the gift of the Class of 
 1882, and the western gate, on Broadway, designed b}^ 
 Thomas Nash (of the Class of 1882), was the gift of the 
 Classes of 1890-92, College and Mines, and others, in 
 memory of Herbert Mapes (of the Class of 1890), a 
 prominent athlete and student leader. At the north- 
 east corner is George Gray Barnard's well-known bronze 
 of heroic size, the Great God Pan, set upon a granite 
 exedra with a background of evergreens, the whole being 
 the gift of Edward Severing Clark. The exedra and 
 fountain were designed by McKim, Mead & White. 
 
 To the west of University Hall is Havemeyer Hall 
 (erected 1896. The gift of Frederick C. Havemeyer, 
 
HAVEMEYER HALL 49 
 
 Theodore A. Havemeyer, Thomas J. Havemeyer, Henry 
 0. Havemeyer, Kate B. Belloni, Louisa Jackson, and 
 Charles H. Senff. Architects: McKim, Mead & White). 
 
 Historical Note . The School of Mines, which was the 
 first of its kind in this country, was founded in December, 
 1863, at 49th Street and Madison Avenue. In connec- 
 tion with it, courses of instruction have been developed 
 in architecture, in analytical, organic, and industrial 
 chemistry, in civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering, 
 and in graduate work in pure and applied science. These 
 have led to the establishment of the Schools of Architec- 
 ture under its own teaching staff, schools of chemistry and 
 engineering, in addition to the School of Mines, under 
 the faculty of applied science, and a graduate school 
 under the faculty of pure science. A summer school, 
 known as Camp Columbia, at Morris, Connecticut, af- 
 fords an opportunity for fieldwork (page 123). Origi- 
 nally the course of study was three years, but in 1868 
 a fourth year was added, and by recent action of the 
 trustees the schools of applied science have been placed 
 on the basis of graduate schools, three years of College 
 training being required as a preliminary to three years 
 of strictly scientific work. This requirement will go 
 into effect in September, 1914. 
 
 Description. The building (205 ft. x 80 ft. x 100 ft.), 
 which stands at the northwest corner of the Quadrangle, 
 has been devoted, since the removal of the department of 
 architecture, exclusively to the work in chemistry for 
 which it was originally designed. Facing the entrance 
 on the cross corridor, is a bronze bas-relief of Frederick C. 
 Havemeyer (of the Class of 1825), in whose memory the 
 building was erected by the donors, as set forth in an 
 4 
 
50 HAVEMEYER HALL 
 
 inscription in bronze letters in the floor. On the right 
 of the entrance stands a heroic bronze bust (executed 
 by J. Scott Hartley and presented by the Chemists of 
 America), of Professor Charles Frederick Chandler, for 
 forty years head of the department of chemistry, and 
 for thirty-three years dean of the School of Mines ; and 
 on the wall of the corridor to the left is a bronze tablet, 
 executed by C. F. Hamann, commemorative of Hamilton 
 Y. Castner (of the Class of 1878), distinguished for his 
 invention of certain industrial processes. 
 
 The entire east wing on this floor is occupied by the 
 Chandler Chemical Museum, showing in specimen form 
 the evolution, not only of the science of chemistry, but 
 of the chemical and allied industries. The rest of this 
 floor is taken up by the administrative offices, lecture 
 rooms, the science seminar, and a library of books 
 and journals devoted to pure and applied chemistry. 
 The two floors below the entrance are given over to the 
 laboratories and research rooms in engineering and 
 industrial chemistry, and to the laboratory of practical 
 electro-chemistry, all of which are fitted up with appa- 
 ratus for the study of older processes and the investiga- 
 tion of newer ones. These laboratories will be available 
 for the holders of the industrial fellowships, supported 
 by various corporations and manufacturers, for their work 
 of investigation which, it is hoped, will contribute mate- 
 rially to industrial progress. The floors above the en- 
 trance are devoted almost entirely to pure chemistry. 
 The second floor is divided between the sub-departments 
 of organic chemistry and physical chemistry, with their 
 laboratories and research rooms; while the third floor is 
 devoted to analytical chemistry and to food chemistry. 
 
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 5 1 
 
 On the top floor are situated the laboratories and research 
 rooms devoted to inorganic chemistry, grouped under the 
 name, The Nichols Laboratories of Inorganic Chem- 
 istry, in honor of Mr. WilHam H. Nichols, honorary 
 D.Sc, 1904, who gave a fund for their construction and 
 equipment. On this floor are also the general supply 
 rooms for chemicals and apparatus, which are connected 
 with the various laboratories by means of dumbwaiters. 
 The department of chemistry is represented on all 
 three of the faculties — College, applied science, and pure 
 science — and chemical courses are given not only as 
 required courses for all the various engineering degrees, 
 and as electives for college students, but also to gradu- 
 ates who are candidates for the degrees of A.M. and 
 Ph.D. In all, about eight hundred students a year 
 receive instruction in chemistry. The papers embodying 
 the research done in the various laboratories, published 
 under the title, Contributions from the HavemeyerLahora- 
 tories of Columbia University, already number more than 
 two hundred, and are being added to rapidly. 
 
 On the westerly side of the campus, adjoining Haver- 
 meyer Hall is The School of Engineering building 
 (erected 1896. Architects: McKim, Mead & White. 
 Size, 150 ft. X 57 ft. X 100 ft.). On the westerly wall of 
 this building on Broadway is a bronze tablet with this 
 inscription : 
 
 TO COMMEMORATE THE BATTLE OF HARLEM HEIGHTS, 
 
 WON BY Washington's troops on this site, September 
 
 16, 1776. ERECTED BY THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION 
 IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Description. In the sub-basement are the bituminous 
 
52 SCHOOL OF MINES 
 
 materials research laboratory and road materials testing 
 laboratory of the highway engineering department ; also 
 the storage battery room and the supply room of the de- 
 partment of electrical engineering, as well as the gas engine 
 room and stock supply room of the department of me- 
 chanical engineering. In the basement are the machine 
 laboratories (direct and alternating current) of the elec- 
 trical and mechanical engineering departments. On the 
 main floor are the electrical engineering museum and two 
 lecture rooms ; the offices of the department of mechani- 
 cal engineering, and the museum of the civil and me- 
 chanical engineering departments, the testing materials 
 laboratory of the department of civil engineering, and one 
 lecture room. On the second floor are the offices of the 
 dean of the Faculty of Applied Science and the offices and 
 drafting rooms of the department of civil engineering, a 
 library, and a large lecture room. On the third floor 
 are the instrument laboratory, the drafting rooms and 
 offices of the department of electrical engineering, and a 
 reference library. The fourth floor is devoted entirely 
 to the first and second year drafting rooms and the offices 
 of the department of engineering drafting. In the attic 
 is a blue-print room with large rolling frame and tank. 
 
 South of the School of Engineering building and near 
 the northeast corner of Broadway and ii6th Street 
 stands the School of Mines building (erected 1904. 
 The gift of Adolph Lewisohn. Architect: Arnold W. 
 B runner). 
 
 Description. This building (145 ft. x 57 ft. x 100 ft.) 
 has six stories, including basement and sub-basement, all 
 of which, with the exception of three rooms, are occupied 
 
SCHOOL OF MINES 53 
 
 by the departments of mining and metallurgy. In the 
 floor of the vestibule is an inscription in honor of the donor 
 of the building, and in the hall stands a bronze bust of 
 Thomas Egleston, one of the founders of the School of 
 Mines, by William Couper. On the left of the entrance 
 is the MINING MUSEUM ; on the right, the museum of met- 
 allurgy, and beyond these in turn are the three principal 
 lecture rooms of the School ; these are purposely so placed 
 that, when passing to and from lectures, the students 
 gain famiharity with the exhibits. The museums con- 
 tain models of mines, mine plants, smelting furnaces, 
 and metallurgical appliances, together with a collection 
 of metallurgical products. Much of this material is used 
 for lecture illustration. 
 
 On the two basement floors are the ore-dressing labora- 
 tories, provided with appliances for concentrating and 
 testing ores on a small scale, and for crushing ores pre- 
 paratory to treatment in the concentrating plant. These 
 laboratories also contain a number of full-size concentra- 
 ting machines, which are examples of the principal types 
 of apparatus used in modern concentration works. By 
 means of a circulatory system of automatic feeders, pip- 
 ing, centrifugal pumps, and de-watering apparatus, the 
 same ore is used repeatedly, when the large machines 
 are in operation, so that tests or runs of any desired 
 duration can be made. On the second floor is a drafting 
 room for the use of the fourth year students. Next to 
 this is the reference library of the department of mining. 
 At the southerly end of this floor is the non-ferrous and 
 electro-metallurgical laboratory, containing roasting and 
 crucible furnaces and amalgamating and bleaching ap- 
 paratus, for dry and wet metallurgy. This apparatus 
 
54 WEST HALL 
 
 includes a chlorination barrel, and a well-designed small 
 barrel-mill for conducting experiments on the cyaniding 
 of gold ores. Adjoining this laboratory is the library of 
 the department of metallurgy. The remainder of the 
 floor is occupied by offices of the teaching staff of the 
 School. The third floor is occupied entirely by the de- 
 partment of metallurgy. At the south end is the iron 
 and steel laboratory, provided with electric and gas 
 furnaces, pyrometers, and other apparatus, for experi- 
 mental work and the heat treatment of iron and steel. 
 Next are several rooms devoted to metallographic work, 
 for which there is an ample equipment of microscopes of 
 various types, high-power photographic apparatus, and 
 recording instruments. The remainder of the floor is 
 taken up by an analytical laboratory, dark-rooms for 
 photography, and officers' studies. On the fourth floor 
 at the southerly end are the assay laboratories. These 
 include complete outfits of gas muffles and laboratory 
 desks for thirty-four students; also, separate rooms for 
 crucible furnaces and western coal-fired muffles, a room 
 for the preparation of assay charges, and a weighing room 
 provided with a number of balances. 
 
 In front of the School of Engineering there is an old 
 brick building known as West Hall, soon to be removed, 
 and now temporarily occupied by the department of 
 anthropology, the University Book Store, and the offices 
 of three of the student publications, The Spectator, The 
 Jester, and the Columbia Monthly. 
 
 Between the School of Mines and the School of En- 
 gineering and in a position corresponding to St. Paul's 
 
EARL HALL 55 
 
 Chapel on the eastern side of the Quadrangle is 
 Earl Hall (993^ ft. x 58 ft. x 102 ft. Erected 1900. 
 The gift of William Earl Dodge. Architects: McKim, 
 Mead & White). The inscription over the door, 
 
 GIVEN TO THE STUDENTS THAT RELIGION AND 
 LEARNING MAY GO HAND IN HAND AND CHARACTER 
 
 GROW WITH KNOWLEDGE, explains the purpose of 
 the building. Earl Hall is, by the expressed wish of 
 the donor, under the charge of the Columbia Uni- 
 versity Christian Association (directly affiliated with 
 the city, State, and international Young Men's Chris- 
 tian Associations). The general secretary of the As- 
 sociation acts also as secretary of Earl Hall, and as 
 such is one of the administrative officers of the Uni- 
 versity. The policy of the Association has been to 
 throw open the use of the Hall to all students and 
 student organizations, and as a result it has become 
 the center of all student activity — social and athletic 
 as well as religious, ethical, and philanthropic. It serves 
 under the management of the Association as a general 
 student club-house. 
 
 Description. On the main floor are the lobby, reading 
 room and library containing the Dibblee collection, 
 Bible class and committee room, office of the chaplain 
 of the University, office of the general secretary, and 
 offices of the Christian Association. A general informa- 
 tion bureau is maintained here. The Association also 
 maintains a board and room directory — open to students 
 free of charge — in which is registered a selected list of 
 boarding and rooming places in the vicinity of the 
 University. The University Trophy Room also has 
 accommodation here, and the walls are hung with athletic 
 
56 EARL HALL 
 
 banners and photographs. In the corridor may be seen 
 the shell used by the Columbia Crew of 1878 — the only 
 American crew which has ever won a race at the English 
 Henley. A case also contains a large number of loving- 
 cups, prizes, souvenir footballs and other trophies of 
 athletic victories. At the entrance to the reading room 
 stands a bronze bust of Washington, — a replica of a 
 bust by Houdon — and the gift of Dr. Coles (of the Class 
 of 1864). 
 
 On the second floor of Earl Hall there is a large audi- 
 torium used for services, lectures, conventions, debates, 
 play-rehearsals, concerts, recitals, mass-meetings, class- 
 meetings, dances, receptions, and other functions. There 
 are also two small rooms used for Bible classes and 
 committee meetings. In the lobby hang portraits of 
 William Earl Dodge, the son of the donor and in whose 
 memory the Hall was given; Frederick A. P. Barnard, 
 President 1864-89, painted for the Trustees by East- 
 man Johnson in 1886; and Seth Low (of the Class of 
 1870), President 1 890-1 901, painted by Daniel Hunt- 
 ington, and presented by Mr. Low at the invitation of 
 the Trustees in 1899. 
 
 The basement of Earl Hall contains a billiard room, 
 an office for the secretary, a small room for Bible-class 
 and committee meetings, and a large office occupied 
 by the Athletic Association and the managers of the 
 various athletic teams.. In this room or in other parts 
 of the Hall are also the desks of the student managers 
 of the Varsity and Sophomore Shows, Dramatic Asso- 
 ciation, and other student organizations. A rear door 
 opens on Broadway at 117th Street.. 
 
 The red brick building at the northeast corner of 
 
FACULTY CLUB 57 
 
 Broadway and ii6th Street, which was acquired by the 
 University on the purchase of the site, is occupied by 
 the Faculty Club. The main floor has two dining- 
 rooms, with pantry, coat-room, and office; the second 
 floor, two additional dining-rooms and a reading-room 
 with writing-tables and chess tables ; the third floor, five 
 bedrooms. The wide porch on two sides commands 
 most attractive views of the campus. Organized pri- 
 marily as an officers' mess, the Faculty Club has become 
 such a center of social intercourse that in summer and 
 winter alike it is taxed to its capacity; not only at the 
 mid-day lunch hour, but on many other occasions for 
 dinners of the various faculties, of alumni organizations, 
 and of other bodies. As the one place where the mem- 
 bers of all departments are brought together informally 
 and in close personal relations, the Club is an important 
 feature in the life of the university. 
 
 Memorials presented on graduation or at anniver- 
 saries by the following classes: 
 
 Class of '74, College Clock, bronze supports, and 
 
 columns in Reading Room of 
 
 Library. 
 
 Class of '77, College Portrait of Alexander Hamilton. 
 
 Class of '80, College Wrought iron doors, Hamilton 
 
 and Mines Hall. 
 
 Class of '81, College, Flagpole with granite and 
 
 Mines, and Pohti- bronze base. 
 
 cal Science 
 Class of '81 , College "The Gemot " Hamilton Hall. 
 
 and Mines 
 
58 CLASS MEMORIALS 
 
 Classof '82, College Wrought Iron Gate, 120th St. 
 
 Class of '82, College Stained glass window, College 
 
 Study. 
 
 Class of '82, Mines Bronze torcheres in front of 
 
 School of Mines. 
 
 Class of '83, College, Bronze torcheres in front of 
 
 Mines, and Politi- Chapel, 
 cal Science 
 
 Class of '84, College Marble doorway and clock, 
 
 Dean's office, Hamilton Hall. 
 
 Class of '84, Mines Improvement of South Field 
 
 for athletic purposes. 
 
 Class of '85, Mines Fund of $8200, for a fellowship 
 
 in Applied Science. 
 
 Class of '85, College Stained glass window "Sopho- 
 
 cles, " Hartley Hall. 
 
 Class of '85, College Granite Sun Dial in form 
 
 of globe to be placed on South 
 Field. 
 
 Class of '86, College " American Literature Library " 
 
 300 vols. 
 
 Class of '86, Arts, Marble Exedra in front of 
 
 Mines, and Polit- Chapel 
 ical Science 
 
 Class of '87, College Well-Head in front of Philo- 
 
 sophy Building. 
 
 Class of '%j, Mines Loan Fund of $7200 for 
 
 students in Science. 
 
 Class of '90-92, Col- Mapes Memorial Gate, Broad- 
 lege and Mines way and 1 1 9th Street. 
 
 Class of '91, College Stained glass window "Vergil" 
 
 Hartley Hall. 
 
CLASS MEMORIALS 59 
 
 Class of '99, College Improvement of South Field 
 
 and Mines for athletic purposes. 
 
 Class of '00, College Power Launch " 1900." 
 and Applied 
 Science. 
 Class of '01, College For Endowment of Committee 
 and Applied on Employment for Students. 
 
 Science 
 Class of '02, College Painting "The Round Table 
 
 of King Arthur," Hartley Hall. 
 Class of '05, Law Portrait of Chancellor Kent in 
 
 Kent Hall. 
 Class of '10, College Collection of Engravings Ham- 
 
 ilton Hall, "Dean Van Amringe 
 Fund." 
 Class of ' 1 2 , Law Clock in Kent Hall . 
 
SOUTH FIELD 
 
 The two blocks of ground lying immediately in front 
 of the Library and extending from Ii6th Street to 114th 
 Street and from Broadway to Amsterdam Avenue, 
 popularly known as South Field, were purchased in 1902 
 as an addition to the original site through the assistance 
 of alumni and friends of the University, among whom 
 Mr. James Speyer was prominent. Plans have been 
 made and models prepared for the erection of buildings 
 on the property to form a large quadrangle surrounding 
 an athletic field. Of these buildings, Hamilton, Hartley, 
 and Livingston Halls have been erected, and the School 
 of Journalism is now in process of construction at the 
 southeasterly corner of Broadway and 11 6th Street. A 
 third dormitory to be known as "Furnald Hall" is now 
 being erected on Broadway, adjoining the School of 
 Journalism, and the entire system of dormitories when 
 com.pleted as planned will accommodate two thousand 
 students. The athletic field and quarter-mile running 
 track which now occupy this center portion of the field 
 were constructed at the expense of the Classes of 1884 
 and 1899, and are used for the physical exercise courses 
 prescribed for underclassmen, as well as for general 
 athletic sports. There are also tennis-courts. 
 
 In the center of the north side of South Field is a 
 
 60 
 
I 
 
 HAMILTON HALL 6 1 
 
 Sun-Dial (the gift of the Class of 1885), erected in 1912. 
 The inserts on the base, which were designed and pre- 
 pared under the direction of WilHam Ordway Partridge 
 (of the Class of 1885) are arranged in the following order: 
 Torches of the Morning; Increase of the Dawn; Chan- 
 ticleer; Sun Rise; Love Awakening; Boiling the Pot; 
 Love Crowning the Hours ; Love at Play ; Love Tempers 
 the Night Wind ; The Evening Star ; Love Piping to the 
 Moon; and Voices of the Night. They represent the 
 cycle of one day, beginning with very early morning and 
 ending in the fullness of the night. 
 
 At the northeast comer of South Field extending along 
 1 1 6th Street to Amsterdam Avenue is Hamilton Hall 
 (erected 1906. The gift of John Stewart Kennedy, a 
 trustee of the University, 1903-1910. Architects: 
 McKim, Mead & White). This building was erected 
 to provide a permanent home for Columbia College, 
 out of which and around which the whole University has 
 developed. Columbia College is for men only, the cor- 
 responding school for women being Barnard College 
 (page 82). It has a faculty of forty-five men, assisted 
 by fifty-seven other officers of instruction, and an enroll- 
 ment of about eight hundred students. Its normal course 
 covers the customary four years' studies of freshman, 
 sophomore, junior, and senior years, but under special 
 conditions the required work can be taken in less time, 
 and, after completion of certain prerequisite college 
 studies, students are permitted to take courses in the 
 professional schools of the University as part of the 
 requirement for the degree of bachelor of arts or bachelor 
 of science. 
 
62 HAMILTON HALL 
 
 Description. Hamilton Hall was the last of the 
 University group to be designed by the late Charles F. 
 McKim, and was opened to students in 1907. Its 
 dimensions are 208 ft. by 55 ft. The building has four 
 floors, containing class rooms with over 2000 sittings, 
 and oflicers' studies, as well as the offices of the dean. 
 It contains also the College Study, which is a library for 
 undergraduates, and the Gemot, a social hall for the 
 students, handsomely furnished by the Class of 1881. 
 
 The entrance is on South Field. Immediately in 
 front of the triple doorway, with its ornamental iron 
 grills (presented by the Class of 1880), is a bronze statue 
 of Alexander Hamilton, who was a student in King's 
 College from 1774 to 1776, and in honor of whom the 
 building is named. The statue was designed by William 
 Ordway Partridge (of the Class of 1885); and was the 
 gift of the Association of Alumni of Columbia College. 
 Above the grills are carved the seals of King's College, 
 the Regents of the University, and of Columbia Col- 
 lege, representing three historic periods. These also were 
 presented by the Alumni Association. The corner-stone 
 bears an inscription, which is a paraphrase of the inscrip- 
 tion on the corner-stone of King's College, (p. 20) and 
 reads as follows: 
 
 HUIUS COLLEGII OLIM REGALIS NUNC COLUMBIAE DICTI 
 REGIO DIPLOMATE AN DOM MDCCLIIII CONSTITUTI IN 
 HONOREM DEI OPTIMI MAXIMI ATQ IN ECCLESIAE REIQ 
 PUBLICAE EMOLUMENTUM PRIMUS HIC LAPIS POSITUS EST 
 SEPT. DIE XXVII AN DOM MDCCCCV. 
 
 {This first stone of this College, once called King's now 
 
HAMILTON HALL 63 
 
 Columbia, established by royal charter Anno Domini 1754 
 to the honor of Almighty God and the advancement of Church 
 and State, was laid September 27, Anno Domini 1905), 
 
 In the vestibule of Hamilton Hall is a bronze bust of 
 the donor of the building, the late John Stewart Kennedy, 
 a member of the Board of Trustees ( 1903-19 10), whose 
 generosity is suitably commemorated by an inscription 
 inlaid in the floor. There are also in the vestibule a bust 
 of Dean Van Amringe, executed by Mr. Partridge, 
 recently presented by the alumni, and two bronze replicas 
 of classical heads, the gift of J. Ackerman Coles, M.D. 
 (of the Class of 1864) : Apollo Belvedere, a copy from the 
 head of the marble statue in the Vatican, given in 1907 
 in memory of Alexander Hamilton (of the Class of 1777) 
 and Gains Octavius Caesar Augustus, a copy from a 
 marble statue in the Vatican found at Prima Porta, pre- 
 sented in 1904 as a memorial to President Charles King, 
 Professor Anthon, Professor Drisler, and other members 
 of the Faculty whose lectures were attended by the class 
 of 1864. Immediately facing the entrance is the dean's 
 office, and the central feature of the elaborate architec- 
 tural treatment of the entrance hall is a carved marble 
 doorway and clock (the gift of the Class of 1884). At the 
 time of its presentation, the dean of Columbia College 
 was John Howard Van Amringe (of the Class of i860), 
 and this gift, as well as the bust above mentioned, are 
 fitting expressions of the affection and esteem in which 
 he is held by the alumni at large. The walls of the 
 dean's office are hung with an interesting and valuable 
 collection of historic portraits and autograph letters 
 presented by the Alumni Association. 
 
64 HAMILTON HALL 
 
 The rest of the ground floor is devoted to class-rooms 
 and to the offices of the department of mathematics. 
 In the basement is the Gemot, already referred to, and 
 the coat-rooms. On the floor above, at the east end, is 
 the College Study, a well-lighted room, containing 
 a good working library, with long oak tables for the 
 undergraduates, for whose use there is a special collection 
 of the books needed in the College courses. The east 
 window of the study, executed by Maitland Armstrong 
 & Co., is in stained-glass, and bears the seal of the Col- 
 lege (the gift of the Class of 1882). The room also con- 
 tains a collection of casts, and the following portraits: 
 Charles Anthon (of the Class of 1815), Jay professor of 
 Greek language and literature 1857-67, painted for the 
 Trustees by John W. Ehninger in 1867 ; William Cochran, 
 professor of Greek and Latin, 1784-89, painted by John 
 Trumbull, and presented by him to the College in 1821 ; 
 Lorenzo Da Ponte, professor of Italian language and 
 literature 1826-37, painter and source unknown: Charles 
 Davies, professor of mathematics of 1857-65, painted 
 by Jos. O. Eaton for the Trustees in 1866; Henry Drisler, 
 Jay professor of Greek language and literature 1867-94, 
 painted for the Trustees by Daniel Huntington in 1890; 
 John Kemp, professor of mathematics and natural 
 history 1799-1812, painter and source unknown; John 
 McVickar, (of the Class of 1804) professor of evidence 
 of natural and revealed religion, painted for the Trustees 
 by J. 0. Eaton, 1866; and John Howard Van Amringe, 
 (of the Class of i860). Dean of Columbia College 1896- 
 1910, painted by Eastman Johnson, and presented to the 
 University by the Association of the Alumni of Columbia 
 College. In Room 301 are portraits of Robert Adrain, 
 
HAMILTON HALL 65 
 
 professor of mathematics, natural history, and astron- 
 omy, 1813-25, painter unknown — possibly Vanderlyn, 
 presented by the Class of 1823; Henry James Ander- 
 son (of the class of 18 18), professor of mathematics 
 and astronomy 1825-43, Trustee 1851-75, painted for 
 the Trustees by J. 0. Eaton in 1866; John Bowden, 
 professor of moral philosophy, 1 801-17, presented in 
 1822 by the alumni of the College; Charles Murray 
 Nairne, professor of moral and intellectual philosophy 
 and literature .1857-81, painted by Thomas Le Clear 
 for the Trustees in 1881; Henry Immanuel Schmidt, 
 professor of German language and literature 1848-80, 
 painted for the Trustees in 1880 by Jacob Lazarus; 
 and Peter Wilson, professor of Greek and Latin 1789- 
 92, painter not known, presented by the alumni in 
 1822. 
 
 On the walls of the stairs and hallways is hung a 
 collection of framed engravings, views by Piranesi of 
 ancient Rome, and appropriate portraits. These have 
 been purchased from the Dean Van Amringe Fund 
 (raised in 19 10 by general undergraduate subscription in 
 honor of the retiring dean) . 
 
 The remainder of the building contains the depart- 
 ments of modern languages, English, philosophy, econom- 
 ics, and politics. The laboratories for work in history 
 and politics, now on the top floor, but soon to be moved 
 to the School of Journalism, deserve special attention, as 
 showing how modern teaching of the older subjects in 
 the College program has been revolutionized by the 
 example of the more recently included natural sciences. 
 The history laboratory, well-equipped with works of 
 reference, newspapers, and reviews, has been used for 
 
 5 
 
66 HARTLEY HALL 
 
 some time in connection with a course on Europe in the 
 nineteenth century, and the results derived from the study 
 of newspaper cHppings are as actual and definite as those 
 obtained from cracking rocks or heating test tubes. The 
 Politics Laboratory has been supported for two years 
 by the Hon. Patrick F. McGowan of New York. Bal- 
 lots, election laws, legislative manuals, city charters, 
 departmental reports, and much other material are being 
 placed at the disposal of the one hundred and fifty 
 students who are taking the undergraduate courses in 
 politics. Problems and methods of government are 
 made concrete, when an English ballot with two names 
 upon it is placed beside a Colorado ballot covering 
 several pages of a newspaper. The laboratory is also 
 useful to teachers of civics in the city schools. 
 
 To the south of Hamilton Hall, at right angles to it and 
 extending along Amsterdam Avenue, are two dormitories 
 or residence Halls: Hartley Hall and Livingston Hall 
 (both erected 1904. Architects: McKim, Mead & 
 White). 
 
 The students of King's College not only recited and 
 studied in the College building, but were housed and 
 fed therein. In the early announcements there are 
 many quaint references to the house rules of the time 
 and to their enforcement by an elaborate system of fines, 
 but about 1800 the College ceased to be a place of resi- 
 dence except for the president and a few professors. It 
 was not until more than one hundred years had passed 
 that Columbia again became a residential institution. 
 This was made possible by the gift in 1903 of ^350,000 
 for the erection of Hartley Hall, named in memory of the 
 
LIVINGSTON HALL 67 
 
 late Marcellus Hartley of New York, the father of Mrs. 
 Helen Hartley Jenkins and the grandfather of Mr. Mar- 
 cellus Hartley Dodge (of the Class of 1903), the donors. 
 The Trustees voted an equal amount from the general 
 funds of the University for a companion building, named 
 Livingston Hall, in memory of Chancellor Robert R. 
 Livingston (of the Class of 1765). The Halls were 
 opened to students in the fall of 1905. 
 
 Description. The entrance to each Hall is from South 
 Field and leads directly into a large assembly room sixty 
 feet square. This room extends through two stories 
 and has a large open fireplace opposite the entrance. It 
 is furnished in heavy leather-covered oak, like a club 
 room and serves as a general assembly hall for the 
 residents. At one side of the main entrance is the office 
 of the Hall, and on the other a reception-room. 
 
 Each Hall is 137 ft. x 61 ft. and contains three hundred 
 rooms, all with outside light and exposure, lighted by 
 electricity and heated by steam. The rent of the rooms 
 (which are completely furnished by the University), for 
 the academic year of forty weeks, ranges from $100 to 
 $180 for single occupants. In many cases the rooms are 
 rented in suites with a common study. 
 
 The assembly room of Hartley contains decorative 
 glass windows representing Sophocles and Virgil, the 
 graduation gifts of the Classes of 1885 and 1891, respec- 
 tively, which were brought from the library at Forty- 
 ninth Street. The corresponding room in Livingston 
 contains a decorative window, the central feature of the 
 design being a medallion portrait of the Chancellor, pre- 
 sented by members of the Livingston family. There are 
 also in the assembly room in Hartley the following 
 
68 LIVINGSTON HALL 
 
 portraits besides one of Marcellus Hartley: Alexander 
 Hamilton, LL.D., (of the Class of 1777) Trustee 1787- 
 1804, copied by Mrs. James H. Canfield from the original 
 by John Trumbull in the possession of the Hamilton 
 family, presented in 1905 by the Class of 1877; John 
 Jay, LL.D., (of the Class of 1764), a copy by Mrs. 
 James H. Canfield from the original by Gilbert Stuart 
 and presented by Mrs. Canfield in 1904; Gouverneur 
 Morris (of the Class of 1768), Trustee 1805-18 16, 
 painted by Thomas Scully, loaned by the Morris 
 family. 
 
 In the assembly room of Livingston are portraits of 
 John D. Ogilby (of the Class of 1829), a copy by C. L. 
 Elliott from the original by Copley in the possession of 
 Trinity Church ; Daniel D. Tompkins (of the Class of 1 795) 
 Governor of New York and Vice-President of the United 
 States; De Witt Clinton (of the Class of 1786), Governor 
 of New York ; and Rev. Manton Eastburn (of the Class 
 of 181 7), lecturer on poetry (1830). 
 
 In accordance with the wishes of the donors, under- 
 graduate students are given preference in the assignments 
 of rooms in Hartley Hall, and as a result they are con- 
 centrated in that building, while the older students and 
 junior officers are generally housed in Livingston. The 
 five hundred residents of these buildings form a nucleus 
 which has added much to the student life of the Univer- 
 sity. Their various doings are recorded in a weekly 
 newspaper entitled The Dorms. There is a pleasant 
 rivalry between the two Halls which results in various 
 informal athletic contests, and social affairs, one of the 
 latter being the annual lighting of the Yule Log on 
 Christmas Eve. 
 
FURNALD HALL 69 
 
 In striking contrast to the paternalism of the King's 
 College days, the Halls are practically self-governing. 
 The house rules are of the simplest, the internal admin- 
 istration of each building being in the hands of a Hall 
 Committee consisting of a resident elected from each 
 floor. For weightier matters, there is a council made 
 up of representatives from the Hall Committee and 
 three officers of the University. The health of the 
 residents is under the immediate care of the University 
 physician. 
 
 A new dormitory, to be known as Furnald Hall, is in 
 course of erection on South Field, fronting on Broadway 
 and adjoining the School of Journalism. The building 
 is the gift of Francis P. Furnald, Jr. and his wife, Sarah 
 E. Furnald, and is a memorial of their son, Royal Black- 
 ler Furnald, who was a member of the Class of 1901, 
 Columbia College. In size and general appearance the 
 building will resemble Hartley Hall, except that it will 
 have a Hght basement, which will be fitted up with 
 dressing-rooms, lockers, and showers for the use of ath- 
 letic teams. It will accommodate about 300 students and 
 is expected to be ready for occupancy in September, 191 3. 
 
 The building of the School of Journalism, which is to 
 occupy a site at the northwest corner of South Field on 
 1 1 6th Street and Broadway, is now in process of construc- 
 tion, the funds for the erection of the building and the 
 endowment of the School having been provided by the 
 gift and bequest of Joseph Pulitzer (Architects: McKim, 
 Mead & White) . The purpose of the donor as expressed 
 by him was to "estabhsh a School of Journalism which 
 
70 SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM 
 
 will furnish technical and professional instruction in 
 journalism." A course of instruction has been formu- 
 lated by a Committee of the Faculty, acting in coopera- 
 tion with an Advisory Board composed of representative 
 journalists, and approved by the Trustees, and the 
 School has been placed under the charge of an adminis- 
 trative board. Instruction will be commenced in 
 September, 19 12, though the building will not be com- 
 pleted until the following year. The building will be 
 constructed of brick and Indian limestone, and in size 
 and general architectural design will resemble Hamilton 
 Hall. The entrance will be on the south front, consisting 
 of three doors grouped under a portico of massive columns 
 and opening into a spacious vestibule. The building 
 will be four stories in height and will contain a library 
 similar to the College Study, but containing a collection 
 of books selected with especial reference to the needs 
 of students of journalism, a newspaper reading-room, 
 containing files of all the more important papers, and a 
 number of lecture-rooms and offices. The University 
 book store and a press-room will occupy space in the 
 basement. 
 
EAST FIELD 
 
 The lower half of the block to the east of the 
 Quadrangle, and bounded by ii6th and 117th Streets, 
 Amsterdam Avenue, and Momingside Avenue, was pur- 
 chased in 1 9 1 o. On the northwesterly corner of Morning- 
 side Avenue and 11 6th Street an official Residence for 
 the President of the University was erected in 191 2. It 
 occupies a site 100 ft.x50 ft. and overlooks Morning- 
 side Park. The architects were McKim, Mead & White, 
 and it is similar in material and architecture to the 
 other buildings of the University, but more domestic in 
 character. It will constitute the center of the social life 
 of the University. Pending the permanent development 
 of the remainder of the block a green-house has been 
 erected for the use of the department of botany, and a 
 tennis-court has been laid out. 
 
 On the north side of 1 17th Street, between Amsterdam 
 Avenue and Morningside Park, are a number of dwelling- 
 houses, most of which are used or occupied directly or 
 indirectly for academic purposes. Four of the houses 
 are the property of the University. The Chaplain of 
 the University (No. 413) and the Dean of Columbia 
 College (No. 415) are provided with residences which 
 enable these officers to come into closer social contact 
 
 71 
 
'J2 EAST FIELD 
 
 with the students than would otherwise be possible. 
 The Deutsches Haus (No. 419), the gift of Edward 
 D. Adams, is a center of Germanic culture. It con- 
 tains a bureau of academic information, an excel- 
 lent library of contemporary German literature, and 
 a reading-room equipped with the leading German 
 magazines and newspapers and a valuable collec- 
 tion of clippings; it is the headquarters of the Ger- 
 manistic Society of America, and is provided with a 
 suite of rooms for the resident Kaiser- Wilhelm pro- 
 fessor, who comes to Columbia upon nomination of the 
 Prussian ministry of education, and also for the annual 
 guest of the Germanistic Society. The editorial rooms 
 of the Columbia University Quarterly are also in 
 this building. The fourth house (No. 407) is at 
 present occupied by the Carnegie Endowment for the 
 Advancement of Peace, for which President Butler is 
 acting as director, and by the American Association for 
 International Conciliation. There are also in the row the 
 private residences of several University officers, and the 
 chapter houses of two Greek-letter fraternities. 
 
STUDENT AND ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 Student Board of Representatives, composed of nine 
 members elected by the students from the various 
 schools. It aims to express the opinion and wishes of the 
 students, to regulate and control student activities, and 
 to act as a medium between the students and the Uni- 
 versity authorities. 
 
 College Forum is an informal organization composed 
 of the Faculty and students of Columbia College meet- 
 ing from time to time to discuss questions affecting 
 the interests of the College and the students. 
 
 Kings Crown is the general society of undergraduates 
 having for its object the fostering of Columbia spirit 
 and the promotion of social intercourse between the 
 students of the different Schools. Hereafter it is also 
 to exercise a supervision over all non-athletic activities. 
 At its regular meetings addresses are delivered by promi- 
 nent alumni and others and matters of University interest 
 are discussed. 
 
 Columbia University Athletic Association represents 
 and supervises all branches of athletics and is charged 
 with the raising and disbursement of funds for the sup- 
 
 73 
 
74 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 port of all the teams. Membership in the Association 
 is open to all students and alumni (Annual dues $io) 
 and gives admission to all home games and contests, and 
 to the privileges of the rowing club. It is under the 
 direction of a Board composed of students and alumni, 
 and a Graduate Manager has charge of its funds. Sub- 
 sidiary associations represent special interests, such as 
 rowing, baseball, basket-ball, soccer foot-ball, track 
 athletics, wrestling, and swimming. On the shore of 
 the Hudson, opposite 115th Street is the Boat-house 
 (loi ft. X 50 ft. X 353^^ ft. Erected 1895. The 
 gift of Edwin Gould of the Class of '88, School of 
 Mines. Architect: Henry C. Pelton). It is reached 
 from Riverside Drive by a path through the park 
 and a bridge across the tracks of the New York 
 Central railway. The lower floor contains racks for 
 the shells, canoes, and other craft, and the upper floors 
 are devoted to dressing- and bathing-rooms. There 
 is an upper veranda from which a splendid view of the 
 Hudson can be obtained. Owing to the prevailing 
 northwest wind, the Varsity and Freshman crews do 
 their training on the west side of the river in the lee of 
 the Palisades and have quarters at Edgewater on the 
 New Jersey shore. The boat-house therefore is used 
 mostly by individual oarsmen and canoeists and, par- 
 ticularly in the spring months, as a student meeting 
 place. 
 
 Columbia University Christian Association is directly 
 connected with the Y. M. C. A. and carries on the work 
 of that organization in connection with the University. 
 Its offices and rooms are in Earl Hall (page 55) where it 
 
 
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 75 
 
 holds receptions, teas, and other social meetings for the 
 students, maintains a Board and Room Directory, holds 
 classes for Bible study, mission and welfare work, 
 stenography and typewriting, and first aid to the in- 
 jured. The Association cooperates in the work of 
 various settlements and Boys' Clubs and in visiting 
 city institutions, and in Summer transfers its activi- 
 ties to Camp Columbia (page 123). Other organiza- 
 tions of like character but formed for special purposes 
 are: 
 
 The Churchman's Association, the Newman Club, 
 and a Chapter of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew. 
 
 LITERARY AND DRAMATIC SOCIETIES 
 
 Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest of American literary socie- 
 ties, was founded at William and Mary College in 1776 
 and organized a chapter at Columbia in 1869. Its 
 membership is limited to students of the highest rank 
 in scholarship. 
 
 Delta Sigma Phi was formed to encourage "Sincere 
 and effective public speaking." 
 
 Philolexian Society, founded in 1802, meets weekly for 
 the reading of papers, and for debating. It also conducts 
 the competitions for the George William Curtis medals 
 and has rendered several old English plays. 
 
 Peithologian Society, founded in 1806, has for its 
 object literary discussion and the promotion of a literary 
 spirit on the Campus. 
 
 Barnard Literary Association was organized in 1877 
 and holds weekly meetings for social and literary pur- 
 poses and for debating. It has also given several 
 Irish plays. 
 
76 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 The Scribblers was formed in 1908 to stimulate 
 literary compositions among undergraduates, and meet- 
 ings are held fortnightly for the reading of papers. 
 
 Columbia University Players is the dramatic asso- 
 ciation of the University and gives annually a play 
 or musical comedy written and composed by under- 
 graduates. 
 
 MUSICAL SOCIETIES 
 
 Glee Club, composed of about thirty men, is under 
 the control of the University, and affords training in 
 vocal music under competent direction. The club 
 gives annually a number of concerts. 
 
 Mandolin Club is under the same general management 
 and gives concerts in cooperation with the Glee Club. 
 
 Notes and Keys was founded in 1909 to exercise a gen- 
 eral supervision over the musical clubs and to encourage 
 college singing. To this end it offers annually a silver 
 cup which is competed for by the different classes. 
 
 Philharmonic Society is a general musical society and 
 maintains the Philharmonic Orchestra, which is con- 
 ducted by the Professor of Music, and furnishes the 
 music at all University functions, besides giving one or 
 more concerts each year. 
 
 SOCIAL CLUBS 
 
 Deutscher Verein is composed of the students and 
 officers interested in German and holds frequent social 
 meetings and gives plays in German. 
 
 La Societe Franfaise is of similar character but is 
 devoted to the interests of French in the University. 
 
 The Politics Club seeks to arouse interest in civics and 
 
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 77 
 
 to inform its members in the problems of practical 
 politics. Monthly meetings are held for addresses on 
 political topics and discussion. 
 
 Western Club includes men and women and exists 
 "to promote the Western brand of good fellowship." 
 
 Women's Graduate Club, composed of women gradu- 
 ate students, occupies rooms in the Philosophy Building, 
 where tea is served on several afternoons each week, 
 and where social meetings are held. The Club exercises 
 a general care over the interests of women students and 
 assists them to obtain employment when desired. 
 
 Women's English Club of women students and officers 
 interested in the study of Enghsh, meets fortnightly for 
 the reading and discussion of papers. 
 
 Men's English Club of men students and officers in 
 the same department, has like purposes. 
 
 Latin American Society, composed of students from 
 Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America, is a literary 
 and social organization and gives plays in Spanish. 
 
 Chinese Club, composed of students from China, is of 
 similar character, recently organized, and has given a 
 successful performance. 
 
 Ottoman Club of students from Eastern Europe and 
 Asia, is a social and literary organization. 
 
 Pulitzer Club is composed of press representatives, 
 its object being to maintain an esprit du corps among the 
 newspaper correspondents of the University and prevent 
 the circulation of unauthorized or garbled reports of 
 University affairs. 
 
 STUDENT PUBLICATIONS 
 
 The Spectator is the daily newspaper of the University 
 
78 STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 and contains reports of all current events and editorial 
 comment. The office of the paper is in the basement of 
 West Hall. Subscription $2.50 if paid before November 
 1st; $3.50 if paid after that date. 
 
 Columbia Monthly, the undergraduate literary 
 magazine of the University, contains essays, short 
 stories, poems, and book reviews. It aims to give 
 expression to the best literary efforts of the student body. 
 Annual subscription $1. 
 
 The Jester is an illustrated comic paper, and aims to 
 satirize University happenings by humorous comment, 
 jokes, and drawings. 
 
 The Dorms is a weekly publication issued in the 
 interest of the men living in the dormitories. 
 
 Columbia Law Review, a monthly conducted by the 
 students of the Law School, containing papers on legal 
 questions carefully prepared by the editorial staff and 
 members of the Bar, and comment and discussion of 
 recent decisions. 
 
 The Columbian is an annual publication in handsome 
 book form issued by a board of editors from the junior 
 classes of College, Science, and Architecture, containing 
 a compendium of University events of the year, personal 
 notices of members of the classes, and membership 
 lists of the fraternities and other organizations. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES 
 
 Engineering Society endeavors to advance original 
 work and study among engineering students, and its 
 meetings are devoted to informal lectures and dis- 
 cussions. 
 
ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 79 
 
 Senior Mining Society, founded in 1902, aims to keep 
 its members in touch with the most recent theories and 
 practices of mining engineering. 
 
 The Electrical Engineering Society, the Mechanical 
 Engineering Society, and the Civil Engineering Society 
 are organized for similar purposes in their respective 
 fields. 
 
 Columbia University Architectural Society exists for 
 social purposes and the discussion of questions of archi- 
 tectural problems of design and construction and the 
 dissemination of information as to advanced methods of 
 building. 
 
 The Fraternities. A directory of the men's fraterni- 
 ties having chapters in the University will be found on 
 page 129. 
 
 ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 Alumni Council was estabhshed in 1895 "to extend 
 the knowledge of the University and its work ; to establish 
 closer relations between the alumni and the University, 
 by aiding the formation of alumni associations and other- 
 wise; to represent the alumni generally in matters in 
 which all of the schools of the University are concerned ; 
 to take charge of general meetings of the alumni of the 
 University ; and to further such measures as in its judg- 
 ment will tend to promote the interests of the university 
 in its several parts." The Council also keeps the 
 official record of alumni associations, of which there are 
 forty-five, in this country, Europe, and Asia, and arranges 
 for meetings of representatives of the committee to 
 nominate Alumni Trustees. A list of the associations 
 
8o ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 is published from time to time in the Columbia Alumni 
 News which is issued weekly by the Council during the 
 Academic year. The Council is composed of fifteen 
 members appointed by the Alumni Associations of the 
 College, Law, Medicine, Applied Science, and Philo- 
 sophy, and its officers are John Howard Van Amringe, 
 '60, Chairman; William C. Demorest, '81, Vice-Chair- 
 man; Gustavus T. Kirby, '95, Treasurer; George Brokaw 
 Compton, '09, Secretary. Office of the Council and of 
 the Alumni News, Room 311, East Hall. Visiting 
 alumni are invited to call at the office and register. 
 
 Columbia University Club, No. 18 Gramercy Park, 
 incorporated on September 30, 1901, its special pur- 
 pose being to promote social intercourse among its 
 members, to further the interests and in general to 
 uphold the influence of Columbia University. Every 
 man who has received a degree from the University, 
 incorporated as " The Trustees of Columbia College in the 
 City of New York, " or who has been a regular or special 
 student for at least one year and whose class has gradu- 
 ated or who has been an officer of the University for at 
 least one year, is eligible to membership. 
 
 The Club owns and occupies a spacious club-house, 
 situated on the corner of Irving Place and 20th Street, 
 fronting on Gramercy Park, which serves as a meeting 
 place for numerous alumni organizations as well as for 
 the members. A club dinner is held monthly, followed 
 by music and informal illustrated talks by members of 
 the University on explorations, scientific discoveries, etc. ; 
 and most of the class dinners are given in the Club. In 
 summer meals are served in an open-air dining-room. 
 
I 
 
 ALUMNI ORGANIZATIONS 8l 
 
 Two squash courts afford opportunity for exercise, and 
 a number of bedrooms provide accommodations both 
 transient and permanent. The Club numbers 1267 
 members. The present officers are President, John 
 Howard Van Amringe, '60; Vice-President, James Duane 
 Livingston, '80; Secretary, Perry D. Bogue, '06; Treas- 
 urer, J. H. Heroy, '02. 
 
 6 
 
BARNARD COLLEGE 
 
 Historical Note. Higher education for women owes 
 its origin at Columbia very largely to President Frederick 
 A. P. Barnard, who in 1879 became its advocate and 
 whose efforts resulted, in 1884, in the establishment of a 
 Collegiate Course for Women. This was followed, in 
 1889, by the incorporation of Barnard College as a 
 distinct institution, but closely related to Columbia, 
 through the instruction of its students by Columbia 
 professors and the awarding to them of Columbia degrees. 
 The College was estabhshed at 343 Madison Avenue and 
 remained there for several years, but accompanied the 
 University on its removal to Morningside Heights, and 
 since then has developed with remarkable rapidity, both 
 physically and educationally. In 1900, a closer alliance 
 between Barnard College and the University was effected, 
 by which the College became part of the educational 
 system of the University and under its administration, 
 though still retaining its corporate identity. At the 
 present time Barnard is an undergraduate College for 
 women in the same sense that Columbia College is an 
 undergraduate College for men and under the same gen- 
 eral educational control, each College having its own 
 faculty and conducting its undergraduate courses in- 
 dependently of the other. In graduate work the Univer- 
 
 82 
 
MILBANK QUADRANGLE 83 
 
 sity makes no distinction between men and women, 
 and women are admitted to graduate courses on the 
 same footing as men. All degrees are conferred by the 
 University. 
 
 Barnard College is situated on Broadway, immediately 
 west of the University and occupies the land extending 
 from 1 1 6th to 120th Street, partially enclosing Milbank 
 Quadrangle, the gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Milbank Ander- 
 son, and named in her honor. The land is historic, as 
 it is the exact site, so far as historians have been able to 
 determine, of the "buckwheat field" upon which was 
 fought the Battle of Harlem Heights, the first in which 
 Washington's troops defeated the British, on September 
 16, 1776, and the event is commemorated by a tablet on 
 one of the University buildings on Broadway, which was 
 formerly known as the Bloomingdale Road. Even- 
 tually the quadrangle is to be surrounded by buildings, 
 but at present it serves as a garden and athletic field and 
 for tennis-courts. A bronze sun-dial was the gift of the 
 Class of 1907, and a marble bench is the memorial of 
 the Class of 1909. The rows of Norway maples were 
 given by the Class of 19 10, and the flag-pole by the Class 
 of 191 1 . At the northerly end of the site on 1 19th Street 
 are situated the three academic buildings of the College, 
 thus far erected, comprising Milbank, which forms 
 the center, and Fiske and Brinckerhoff, which are con- 
 nected with it as wings. All of these buildings are built 
 of over-burned brick, Indiana limestone, and terra cotta, 
 in the style of the Renaissance. 
 
 Milbank Hall (erected 1896. The gift of Mrs. A. A. An- 
 derson in honor of her parents. Architects: Lamb & 
 
84 MILBANK HALL 
 
 Rich). The building (119 ft. x 65 ft. x 84 ft.) is entered 
 through a pillared hall, paved in marble, which leads on 
 the left to the offices of the dean, the secretary, and the 
 bursar of the College, and on the right to the offices of 
 the provost and registrar, and to the Trustees' Room. 
 The walls of this hall are hung with a collection of Piranesi 
 engravings, the gift of Mrs. A. A. Anderson, and several 
 casts of sculpture by Florentine artists of the fifteenth 
 and sixteenth centuries. In a niche is a cast of Veroc- 
 chio's David, beside which hangs a bas-relief of a 
 Madonna and Child by Benedetto da Majano. At the 
 foot of the staircase is another bas-relief of a Madonna 
 by Mino da Fiesole, and on the first landing is a bas- 
 relief of the Ascension by Lucca della Robbia, and 
 another group from a tympanum in the church of San 
 Jacopo di Ripoli at Florence. The two fragments of a 
 frieze, on the same landing, are from the Forum of Trajan. 
 In the Trustees' Room are a bust of the Reverend Arthur 
 Brooks, the first chairman of the Board of Trustees, and 
 portraits of Miss Laura Drake Gill, dean of the College 
 from 1 90 1 to 1907, of President Frederick A. P. Barnard, 
 and of Mr. Silas B. Brownell, chairman of the Board of 
 Trustees of Barnard College, painted by his daughter. 
 Miss Matilda Brownell. In this room is hung also a 
 plan of the proposed buildings. 
 
 On the second floor are the Ella Weed Reading- 
 RooMs, occupying four large rooms on the north side of 
 the corridor. The first of these rooms was equipped by 
 the Associate Alumna of Barnard College as a library and 
 dedicated to the memory of Miss Ella Weed, trustee and 
 chairman of the Academic Committee from the founding 
 of the College until her death in 1894. -^ tablet over 
 
BRINCKERHOFF HALL 85 
 
 the fireplace records the memorial. The room to the 
 east was equipped by the Class of 1903, as is stated by a 
 tablet on the east wall. The reading-room contains 
 about seven thousand volumes, a large number of which 
 have been given by the Classes of 1901, 1903, 1904, and 
 1905. The periodical case, in which is kept a fairly com- 
 plete file of the most important of modem periodicals 
 in English, French, and German, was the gift of the Class 
 of 1900. On the same floor are also the freshman, junior, 
 and senior studies, decorated with the banners, pictures, 
 and trophies ^of the three classes. The third floor is 
 devoted entirely to recitation rooms and to the offices of 
 the departments of economics and mathematics. On the 
 fourth floor are the laboratories and offices of the depart- 
 ment of zoology, also a large laboratory for the elementary 
 course and a smaller one for advanced work in physiology. 
 
 Connecting with Milbank on the east is Brinckerhoff 
 Hall (166 ft. X 55H ft. X 78 ft. Erected 1896. The 
 gift of Mrs. Van Wyck Brinckerhoff. Architects: Lamb 
 & Rich) . Part of the building is occupied by a Theater, 
 two stories high, with a gallery, having a seating capacity 
 of about five hundred, and much used by the students for 
 plays as well as for other College functions. Outside 
 the door of the theater is placed a bronze tablet, erected 
 in 1909 by the American subscribers to the Memorial 
 Fund for Mrs. Craigie, the EngHsh noveHst. The tablet 
 shows a bas-reHef portrait of Mrs. Craigie by A. Drury, 
 with the inscription: 
 
 PEARL MARY-TERESA CRAIGIE (jOHN OLIVER HOBBEs), 
 NOV. 3, I867-AUG. 13, 1906. A TRIBUTE TO HER 
 MEMORY FROM HER MANY FRIENDS. I908. 
 
86 FISKE HALL 
 
 On this floor and the one above are the undergraduate 
 study, furnished chiefly by the proceeds of undergraduate 
 plays, and the senior and sophomore studies, and the 
 geology department. The third floor is devoted to the 
 department of botany, with a lecture room and labora- 
 tories for physiology and morphology, offices, and a dark 
 room for physiological and photographic purposes, and 
 a herbarium. In the main corridor are a series of photo- 
 graphs presented by the Barnard Botanical Club, illus- 
 trating types of vegetation in different parts of the world. 
 The bronze tablet in the physiological laboratory to Miss 
 Emily L. Gregory, the first woman professor to teach at 
 Barnard, is the gift of the Club. The fourth floor con- 
 tains part of the zoological laboratories and the rooms 
 devoted to experimental psychology. 
 
 Connecting with Milbank on the west, and similar in 
 size and design to Brinckerhoff, is Fiske Hall (erected 1897. 
 The gift of Mrs. Josiah M. Fiske. Architects: Lamb 
 & Rich). On the ground floor are the lecture rooms 
 and offices of the English department; on the second, 
 the physics department, with a lecture room, a photo- 
 graphic dark room, and laboratories in physics. The 
 history department occupies lecture rooms on the third 
 floor. The fourth floor contains the chemical labora- 
 tories, including a large laboratory for elementary work, 
 a room for qualitative and quantitative analysis, a gen- 
 eral organic laboratory and one for special work, a 
 balance room, store room, and offices for the instructors. 
 A reference library for the use of the students is kept in 
 one of the offices, and includes the important journals as 
 well as the necessary books. In the basement are an 
 
BROOKS HALL 87 
 
 electrical laboratory, the lunch rooms for students and 
 faculty, and the kitchens. 
 
 At the lower end of the quadrangle on 11 6th Street is 
 Brooks Hall (122 ft. x 43 ft. x 100 ft. Erected 1906. 
 Named in honor of the Rev. Arthur Brooks. Architect: 
 Charles A. Rich). This building was opened in Septem- 
 ber, 1907. An anonymous donor gave $150,000 toward 
 the cost, and the remainder was furnished by the College. 
 When completed, it will have wings extending toward 
 the north, enclosing a small terrace. The entrance is 
 on the campus under a colonnade, two stories high, which 
 runs across the north side of the building. The hallway 
 leads, on the right, to the cloak-room and office, on the 
 left, past three small parlors to the large drawing-room, 
 the general assembly room of the residents. Over the 
 fireplace hangs an oil painting of Miss Emily L. Gregory, 
 professor of botany from 1889 to 1897, painted by Henry 
 R. Rittenberg, the gift of Dr. Henry Kraemer of Phila- 
 delphia. Engravings after portraits by Reynolds and 
 Hoppner hang on the walls of this room. Folding doors 
 open into the dining-room, a spacious room with walnut 
 panelling and high French windows. The mezzanine 
 floor contains the rooms of the staff, and a reading-room 
 for the students. Above are five bedroom floors, con- 
 taining ninety rooms in all, with outside exposure, lighted 
 by electricity and heated by steam, and completely fur- 
 nished. On the ninth floor is a well-equipped infirmary. 
 The Hall is self-governing; the students select an ex- 
 ecutive committee of nine members, which carries out 
 the regulations of the house relating to conduct and 
 order. 
 
88 STUDENT ACTIVITIES 
 
 Student Activities in Barnard. Dramatics are the 
 most popular of the student activities at Barnard; and 
 the well-equipped stage in Brinckerhoff Theater is in 
 use most of the year, from the Sophomore and Junior 
 Plays in the fall to the Freshman Vaudeville Show and 
 the Shakespearean Undergraduate Play in the spring. 
 Next to plays, athletics claim much attention. There 
 are interclass basket-ball contests in the Thompson 
 gymnasium and hockey games on the stretch of campus 
 between Brooks Hall and Milbank quadrangle. The 
 swimming pool at Teachers College is used by Bar- 
 nard students at certain hours of the day and an an- 
 nual swimming meet between the classes is held in the 
 spring. The winners add a number of points to their 
 record on Field Day when the four classes compete on 
 the campus in jumping, shot-putting, hurdling, running, 
 and tennis. The other athletic event is the Greek Games, 
 a contest between the Sophomores and Freshmen held in 
 the Columbia Gymnasium. At the "Games," the two 
 classes compete in discus-throwing, torch-race, stilt-race, 
 Greek chorus and dance, and in lyrics to the appropriate 
 goddess of the sport. The numerous clubs at Barnard 
 are connected with the various branches of study. 
 There are a Deutsches Kreis, a Societe Frangaise, a 
 Philosophy Club, and a Classical Club ; the Daughters of 
 the American Revolution flourish along with the Socialist 
 Club and the Equal Suffrage League. There are an elec- 
 tive English Club for seniors and a society, started by 
 the English Department, which meets around the fire in 
 the Ella Weed Library two nights every month. And in 
 connection with the literary activities are the Barnard 
 Bulletin, a weekly news sheet, the Barnard Bear, a lit- 
 
STUDENT ACTIVITIES 89 
 
 erary monthly, and the Mortarboard, the annual pubHshed 
 by the Junior Class. There are also at Barnard eight 
 flourishing national fraternities. 
 
TEACHERS COLLEGE 
 
 Historical Note. Teachers College is the profes- 
 sional school of education for the University and from it 
 has recently been differentiated a technical school in the 
 Practical Arts. Teachers College had its origin in the 
 Industrial Education Association, formed in 1884, to give 
 instruction in the elementary home economies and 
 manual arts to children who were receiving no such 
 guidance either in school or home. It was soon found 
 that the most effective way to promote instruction in the 
 manual arts in the public schools would be to provide 
 adequately trained teachers. As early as 1 88 1 , President 
 Barnard had proposed to the Trustees of Columbia 
 College that "the science and art of education" be in- 
 cluded in the curriculum, and in 1886 the establish- 
 ment of "a teachers college on a university basis" was 
 under consideration. These two lines of endeavor 
 coalesced in 1887 and the New York College for the 
 Training of Teachers was incorporated, the title being 
 changed later to Teachers College. Professor Nicholas 
 Murray Butler, of Columbia, was made the first president 
 and the new College was opened at No. 9 University 
 Place. These quarters became inadequate in 1894 and 
 the College then moved to the present site, between 
 Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue, on the north side of 
 1 20th Street. 
 
 90 
 
TEACHERS COLLEGE 9 1 
 
 From the first there was a continuous advance in the 
 character of the work done, professional and technical; 
 in the demands made on the institution ; and in the num- 
 bers and equipment of the student body. During Dr. 
 Butler's administration (1890) an alliance had been 
 entered into between Columbia University and Teachers 
 College, whereby students of either institution might 
 elect courses in the other and have these courses counted 
 as fulfilling requirements for a degree or diploma, and 
 when Columbia University came to its new site, a closer 
 alliance was effected. Under the terms of the new alli- 
 ance, which later was made to include Barnard College 
 also, students of Columbia and Barnard were free to 
 elect professional courses in Teachers College; students 
 in Teachers College could elect subjects in Columbia and 
 Barnard, and admission requirements to Teachers Col- 
 lege were placed definitely on a par with the requirements 
 of other colleges. 
 
 By 19 12, the two lines of work which the College had 
 fostered from the first had become so fully developed, 
 the student body so large, and the demands upon the 
 College so diverse, that the professional and the technical 
 work was divided, and two schools — one of education, 
 one of practical arts — were established, each under its 
 own faculty. The technical work of the School of Prac- 
 tical Arts is described in the sections upon the Household 
 Arts Building and the Macy Building (pp. 94, 95). 
 
 The professional aspect of the College work has devel- 
 oped since 1897. The enrollment of matriculated stu- 
 dents has increased from 169 in 1897-8 to 1623 in the 
 year 1911-12. In addition there were more than 400 
 registrations in the College from other faculties of the 
 
92 TEACHERS COLLEGE 
 
 University. Graduate students have increased from 30 
 in 1897 to 344 in 1911-12, of which 78 were candidates 
 for the Ph.D. These graduates represent 186 different 
 colleges and universities. The distribution of the 
 appointments made from the graduates each year is a 
 further indication of the development. These have 
 increased from 127 in 1900 to 672 in 1911-12. Of these 
 appointments, no were to colleges and universities. 
 More than 12,000 persons, most of whom are in the 
 teaching profession of this country, have received a 
 year or more of professional training in the College. 
 
 The first of the buildings to be built was the 
 Teachers College Main Building (169 ft. x 132 ft. x 88 ft. 
 Erected 1894. Architect: William A. Potter). This 
 building is on the north side of 120th Street, midway 
 between Amsterdam Avenue and Broadway. 
 
 Description. On the first floor are located the general 
 administration offices, the Trustees' Room, social rooms 
 for the women students, and one for the men students, 
 an office for the representatives of the various student 
 organizations, and a large room used for receptions and 
 general social purposes, and for the kindergarten of the 
 Horace Mann School. 
 
 The second floor is given to recitation and lecture rooms 
 and to the Educational Museum, which contains perma- 
 nent exhibits of materials relating to modern school appli- 
 ances and to various phases of the history of education, 
 including manuscripts, autographs, photographs, books, 
 apparatus, and a stereopticon collection of over seven 
 thousand slides. The room is used chiefly for special ex- 
 hibits each lasting for a few weeks. The attendance on 
 
MILBANK BUILDING 93 
 
 these during each year is about five thousand. Among 
 the recent exhibits have been : the work of the Schools of 
 the PhiHppine Islands, loaned by the War Department; 
 and an exhibit of conditions of employment by the 
 Consumers League and the Child Labor Committee. 
 
 The Bryson Library occupies most of the third floor, 
 and contains the most extensive collection of books and 
 pamphlets relating to education to be found in this 
 country, numbering over 84,000 volumes. About 225 
 periodicals, chiefly educational, are on file in the reading- 
 room. Several departmental libraries also exist, the 
 largest being a collection of 6000 volumes for the new 
 School of Practical Arts. 
 
 The fourth floor is occupied by laboratories and class 
 rooms devoted to physics, chemistry, botany, zoology, and 
 geography. A collection of over 1600 photographic 
 reproductions of famous buildings and works of art, 
 hung in the corridors, class-rooms, and offices, is a notable 
 feature of the building. In the east end of the main 
 corridor is a memorial window to Mrs. Charlotte L. 
 Williams. 
 
 Adjoining the Main Building on the west is The 
 Milbank Building (146 ft. x 52 ft. x 88 ft. Erected 
 1897. The gift of Joseph Milbank. Architect : William A. 
 Potter). This is used for purposes of general instruction, 
 most of the four floors being occupied with recitation and 
 lecture rooms. 
 
 Description. On the first floor is the Milbank 
 Chapel, a beautifully decorated room, seating about 
 250, in which services are held each day at noon, and in 
 which frequent concerts and recitals are also given. The 
 
94 MACY BUILDING 
 
 chapel is a memorial to Jeremiah and Elizabeth Lane 
 Milbank. A set of tubular chimes in the chapel are a 
 memorial to Mary D. Runyan, an instructor in the 
 kindergarten from 1896 to 1905. The Bryson Library 
 occupies a portion of the third floor. 
 
 The north side of the central square is formed by the 
 Macy Manual Arts Building (erected 1896. The gift of 
 Mrs. Josiah Macy. Architect : WilHam A. Potter. 146 ft. 
 X 74 ft. X 88 ft.). 
 
 Description. The basement and first three floors 
 are occupied by the School of Industrial Arts and the 
 fourth floor by the department of fine arts. The base- 
 ment also provides three large metal- working laboratories, 
 a forge-room, a foundry, and a metal-working room. 
 On the first floor are situated the offices of the director 
 of technical education, a machine shop, and a wood- 
 turning and pattern-making shop. The second floor 
 contains the wood-working and cabinet-making shop, 
 the silversmith and jewelry shop, the industrial arts room 
 with equipment and illustrative collections for training 
 teachers in the constructive activities of the elementary 
 school in paper, wood, clay, textiles, and metal ; and the 
 book-binding room. On the third floor are the draft- 
 ing room, and a full collection of geometrical models 
 and other machine parts; the photographic dark-room, 
 and lecture rooms and offices. The fourth floor provides 
 three studios for the flne arts department, together with 
 the departmental exhibition room and service rooms. 
 Elsewhere are provided the ceramic laboratory; also 
 in the Household Arts Building, the textile laboratory, 
 and the library of the School of Industrial Arts. In 1912, 
 
HOUSEHOLD ARTS BUILDING 95 
 
 the school became a department of the School of Practical 
 Arts. 
 
 The School offered sixty-four courses in 191 2, given by 
 a staff of forty-six persons. A four-year course in aca- 
 demic subjects and in vocational fields is offered. A 
 feature of the School is the series of evening technical 
 courses in industry. These are intended for young men 
 engaged in industrial pursuits who desire to advance 
 themselves in their callings, or to fit themselves as 
 trade teachers. 
 
 Adjoining the Macy Manual Arts Building on the east 
 is the Household Arts Building (erected 1909. Archi- 
 tects: Parish & Schroeder). 
 
 Description. This building (153 ft. x 57 ft.) contains 
 a comprehensive and fully equipped plant for research 
 and instruction in the sciences and arts related to the 
 household. In the basement are the housewifery and 
 laundry laboratories, each 30 ft. x 45 ft., the latter in- 
 tended for training in domestic and institutional laundry 
 methods. On the first floor are two large lecture rooms, 
 the Industrial Arts and Household Arts Library of six 
 thousand volumes, and the offices of instructors in 
 educational courses. 
 
 The department of foods and cookery occupies the 
 entire second floor, with four cooking laboratories, a 
 table-service laboratory, and an experimental cooking 
 laboratory and service rooms. The third floor is devoted 
 to the department of textiles and clothing with five 
 laboratories for instruction in garment-making, dress- 
 making, and millinery, a student work-room, and a 
 departmental store. The departments of household 
 
96 THOMPSON BUILDING 
 
 chemistry, physiological chemistry and nutrition are 
 quartered on the fourth floor, as well as laboratories in 
 household and physiological chemistry, while a research 
 nutrition laboratory is provided on the fifth floor. The 
 fifth floor also has three studios for household art design, 
 and decoration and costume design, a textile laboratory 
 for chemical and microscopic work and for dyeing, and a 
 demonstration apartment consisting of a series of four 
 rooms arranged like a typical city apartment. 
 
 In 1 91 2, a course in hospital economics for graduate 
 nurses was established, and in the same year the School 
 was made a department of the School of Practical Arts. 
 
 On 1 20th Street, adjoining the Milbank Building on 
 the west, is the Thompson Building (erected 1904. The 
 gift of Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson. Architects: Parish 
 & Schroeder). This building (i 10 ft. x 84 ft. x 913^ ft.) 
 houses the various departments of hygiene and physical 
 training. These include: (i) theoretical instruction of 
 professional students of both sexes in educational hygiene 
 and physical education; (2) practical instruction in physi- 
 cal training; (3) facilities for physical education of pupils, 
 both boys and girls, of the Horace Mann School ; for the 
 women students of Teachers College and Barnard College 
 and graduate women students of the University. The 
 general purpose and spirit of this building are indicated 
 by the inscription, on the fagade, of the classic motto — ■ 
 "Mens Sana in Corpore Sano." 
 
 Description. On the first floor are found the recep- 
 tion room and office of the director of the building and 
 the College physician; a general lecture room, students' 
 study and social room, the recorder's room with health 
 
4 
 
WHITTIER HALL 97 
 
 records, the room for testing vision and hearing, and 
 additional offices for officers of the department. In the 
 entrance hall is the portrait of Mr. Thompson in marble 
 relief by Augustus St. Gaudens: four relief panels in Caen 
 stone by Domingo Mora, illustrating epochs in the history 
 of physical education, and a life-sized copy in marble of 
 the Discobolus. On the second floor are three large- 
 sized exercise rooms, a physiological laboratory, and an 
 anatomical laboratory and class-room. The third floor 
 contains offices; a suite of rooms for corrective and 
 medical gymnastics; dressing-room.s with lockers and 
 shower baths. The main gymnasium is on the fourth 
 floor, also exercise halls, and offices. The basement of 
 the building contains hand-ball courts, three bowling 
 alleys, and the power-room. At the rear of the building, 
 under a skylight, is a swimming pool (60 ft. x 28 ft.), 
 with shower baths and dressing-rooms. 
 
 On Amsterdam Avenue, between 120th and 121st 
 Streets, adjoining Teachers College on the east, is 
 WhittierHall (202 ft. x 100 ft. x 130 ft. Erected 1901. 
 Architects: Bruce Price & J. M. A. Darrach). This 
 is the residence hall for the women students and officers 
 of any department of the University. 
 
 Description. The structure is fireproof, ten stories 
 in height, especially designed and constructed for stu- 
 dents' use. Every room is well lighted, and the arrange- 
 ment is such that rooms may be rented singly or in suites 
 of two or three. The building is heated by steam and 
 lighted by electricity. There are complete telephone 
 and elevator services, a system of shower, needle, and 
 tub-baths on each floor, and a steam laundry. The 
 
98 HORACE MANN SCHOOL 
 
 public parlors and reception rooms are on the main floor. 
 The dining-rooms and restaurant are on the ninth floor 
 and command extensive views over the city and the 
 East River. Adjoining Whittier Hall are the Lowell 
 and the Emerson apartment houses, which are occupied 
 mainly by families of the University faculty. The 
 students in Whittier Hall are under the care of the social 
 director of Teachers College, who lives in the Hall, and 
 the resident nurse, a woman of training and experience, 
 has general charge of the physical welfare of the house- 
 hold. About four hundred and fifty students are accom- 
 modated each year. This number is soon to be increased 
 by including some of the apartments of Lowell and 
 Emerson. 
 
 The Horace Mann School was estabhshed by Teachers 
 College in 1887 as a school of observation and practice, 
 but the practice teaching of the students is now done only 
 in the Speyer School, at 94 Lawrence Street, which is 
 also under the control of Teachers College. The Horace 
 Mann School, consisting of a kindergarten, a seven-year 
 elementary course, and a five-year high-school course, is 
 still the school of observation for the students of Teachers 
 College. Here they may see, under certain restrictions, 
 expert teachers at work in all school subjects and in all 
 grades. The course of study includes almost all of the 
 subjects contained in modern schools, special attention 
 being given in the elementary school to the industrial 
 and fine arts. In the high school, although the primary 
 purpose of the founders and of the present administration 
 has never been to make of it a college preparatory school, 
 the wishes of the parents and the students have tended 
 
HORACE MANN SCHOOL 99 
 
 to emphasize academic lines of study and nine tenths or 
 more of the students, both boys and girls, enter college. 
 The Horace Mann School Building (erected in 1901. 
 The gift of Mr. and Mrs. V. Everit Macy. Architects : 
 Howells & Stokes, and Edgar H. Josselyn) which occupies 
 the entire block front on the west side of Broadway 
 between 120th and 121st Streets, is of brick and red 
 sandstone and is in the Georgian style of architecture; 
 its dimensions are 202 ft. x 100 ft. x 79 ft., and it 
 contains five stories and a basement. The first and 
 second floors are occupied by the elementary school; 
 the third and fourth floors contain the high school, in- 
 cluding the school library of three thousand volumes, 
 and the fifth floor is devoted to laboratories, studios, and 
 social rooms. The kindergarten is on the first floor of 
 the main building of Teachers College. The auditorium, 
 on the first and second floors, seats one thousand people, 
 and is used not only for the chapel exercises of the School, 
 but for many University lectures and entertainments. 
 Especial attention is given to the physical care of the 
 students. Upon entrance and at stated periods they 
 receive careful examination by the College physician, 
 and their gymnastic work is regulated accordingly. 
 During school hours they have the use of five gymnasiums, 
 two in the Horace Mann Building and three in the Thomp- 
 son Building, and of the swimming pool, bowling alleys, 
 and hand-ball courts of the Thompson Building. An 
 athletic field near Van Cortlandt Park, with all con- 
 veniences for outdoor sports, has recently been bought 
 for the School by friends and alumni (page loi). An 
 out-of-doors class is also held throughout the school 
 year on the roof of the new Practical Arts Building. 
 
100 SPEYER SCHOOL 
 
 The Speyer School (erected 1902. The gift of James 
 Speyer, a trustee of Teachers College. Architect: 
 Edgar H. Josselyn. 70 ft. x 49)^ ft. x 83 ft.) is a five- 
 story building located at No. 94 Lawrence Street, near 
 129th Street, just west of Amsterdam Avenue, in the 
 heart of a densely populated industrial district known 
 locally as Manhattanville. 
 
 The purpose of the school is twofold: to serve as a 
 school of demonstration and experimentation for the 
 departments and students of Teachers College; and to 
 offer a center for social and neighborhood work among the 
 people of this district. A kindergarten of forty children 
 and an elementary school of eight grades, with an average 
 of twenty pupils to each grade, are maintained. After- 
 noon and evening classes for all forms of household arts 
 work were attended last year by three hundred and fifty 
 women and girls from the neighborhood. A play-room 
 with supervision is maintained in the afternoon through- 
 out the winter months after school hours with an enroll- 
 ment of about four hundred, and during the summer 
 months the roof is used as a playground. A district 
 nurse resides in the building and ministers to the needs 
 of the homes in the immediate community. Rooms are 
 also used extensively for club meetings and social pur- 
 poses. A school and circulating library of 3200 volumes 
 is located in the building and is extensively used. This 
 library, known as the Teachers College Alumni Library, 
 was established by the Alumni of Teachers College in 
 1900, and has been aided each year since by an annual 
 grant. 
 
 In the basement of the school building are the gym- 
 nasium and baths for boys and girls, and the heating and 
 
RESIDENCE PARK 1 01 
 
 ventilating plants; on the first floor are the principal's 
 office, the library and reading-rooms, and the kinder- 
 garten; on the second floor, the class rooms of the first 
 four grades of the elementary school and the school 
 doctor's and nurse's office; on the third floor, the class 
 rooms of the upper four grades of the elementary school, 
 and a teachers' rest-room; on the fourth floor, the in- 
 dustrial arts work-room, two sewing-rooms, a kitchen 
 and a laboratory for housewifery and cookery, and a 
 demonstration dining-room; on the fifth floor, living 
 apartments for the district nurse, several social workers, 
 and a number of teachers of the elementary school ; and 
 on the roof, playground apparatus, roof -garden equip- 
 ment, and one room occupied by two social workers. 
 
 The school is free, and has grown to be a factor in the 
 lives of the people of the neighborhood through their 
 participation in its benefits. As a school of observation, 
 demonstration, and experimentation, it makes a continu- 
 ous contribution to the departments and students of 
 Teachers College. 
 
 Residence Park. Teachers College has recently 
 acquired about twelve acres of land just north of 246th 
 Street and west of the Albany Post-road. The land is 
 divided into two well-marked terraces, of which the 
 upper one is to be developed as a residential section for 
 the teaching staff of the College and its schools. This 
 portion of the property is exceptionally well located for 
 the purpose, as the land lies higher than Van Cortlandt 
 Park, which it overlooks. It is purposed to erect two 
 apartment-buildings which will be arranged in part for 
 housekeeping and in part for bachelor quarters, several 
 
102 STUDENT ACTIVITIES 
 
 single houses, a number of two-family houses, and one or 
 two four-family houses. Plans for this development are 
 now in preparation. The lower terrace has already been 
 made into an athletic field, including ten tennis-courts, a 
 full-sized football field, and a quarter-mile running track. 
 Temporary accommodations in the way of lockers, shower- 
 baths, and toilet facilities have been provided for both 
 young men and young women, and during the spring 
 and fall the field is in constant use by the students of the 
 Horace Mann School. 
 
 Student Activities in Teachers College. The Students' 
 Executive Council is the centralizing and controlling 
 body of all student activities. This Council is made up 
 of the presidents of all organizations among the students, 
 and meets bi-weekly for the consideration of all student 
 affairs. Under the supervision of this Council as such, 
 two large subscription dances are given during each year, 
 a Harvest Home Festival in October, and a reception to 
 new students immediately after registration. Under 
 its supervision tea is served daily throughout the year 
 in the Students' Social Room, for all members of the 
 College. The students' organizations are of two kinds: 
 departmental clubs, eight in number, such as the Secon- 
 dary Education, Arts and Crafts, and Physical Education 
 Clubs; and general organizations, made up of students 
 from all departments of the College, such as the Young 
 Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations, 
 the Dramatic, Basket Ball, and Mandolin Clubs. Of the 
 Southern, Western, New England, and Cosmopolitan 
 Clubs, which are now University organizations, the three 
 last-named had their inception at Teachers College, and 
 
STUDENT ACTIVITIES I03 
 
 are still largely composed of Teachers College students. 
 A stated event of the spring is the play given conjointly 
 by the six sororities of the College for the benefit of the 
 fund for sending delegates to the annual college confer- 
 ence held in June at Silver Bay, Lake George, by the 
 National Young Women's Christian Association. Whit- 
 tier Hall, the women's residence hall, has its own asso- 
 ciation, and gives several house entertainments during 
 the year, including small monthly dances. 
 
COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 
 
 (Tenth Avenue and 59th Street) 
 
 Historical Note. King's College, the colonial pre- 
 decessor of Columbia University, established in 1767 the 
 second American school of medicine, and conferred in 
 1770 the first American degree of doctor of medicine in 
 course. Its inspiration came largely from graduates of 
 the University of Edinburgh and it was modelled closely 
 on the medical schools of the old world. It was tempor- 
 arily closed by the Revolutionary War and subsequently 
 reopened, but was discontinued in 1813, and the College 
 of Physicians and Surgeons, established independently in 
 1807, was its virtual successor. In i860, the School be- 
 came the medical department of Columbia College, and, 
 in 1 89 1, this nominal union became a complete merger. 
 The requirements for admission, which originally con- 
 sisted of a knowledge of the Latin language and "the 
 necessary branches of natural philosophy, " now comprise 
 a two years' course of college study. Its own course, 
 leading to the degree of doctor of medicine, began with 
 the required attendance during a few winter months on 
 one set of lectures from each of the School's six professors, 
 which was repeated during the next year. This was 
 gradually increased by the extension of the college year 
 
 104 
 
MEDICAL SCHOOL 105 
 
 and the addition of other requirements. In 1888, a third 
 3^ear, and, in 1894, a fourth year of required study were 
 added. The first and second years are devoted chiefly to 
 the basal medical sciences, such as anatomy, physiology, 
 organic, physical, and physiological chemistry, pathology, 
 bacteriology, and pharmacology, while the study of 
 physical diagnosis, medicine, surgery, and obstetrics is 
 begun. During the third year, pathology, diagnosis, 
 therapeutics, and various branches of practical medicine 
 and surgery are studied both didactically and clinically. 
 The fourth year is spent almost wholly in hospitals and 
 dispensaries. Since 1 769 the degree of doctor of medicine 
 has been conferred upon 7599 men. During the present 
 year (1912), the students number 376. 
 
 Beginning in 1877 with the pathological laboratory, 
 extensive laboratories for teaching and research have 
 been gradually introduced into all the scientific depart- 
 ments. Hospital instruction began with the establish- 
 ment of the New York Hospital in 1791, which was 
 founded at the suggestion of Dr. Samuel Bard, one 
 of the first professors in the School, for purposes of 
 education as well as treatment, and now includes most 
 of the numerous hospitals of the city. In 191 1, an 
 alliance was effected between the University and the 
 Presbyterian Hospital by which the professional work 
 of the hospital came under the controlling influence 
 of the University. Two most important auxiliaries of 
 the School are the Vanderbilt Clinic, in which the annual 
 visits of patients number more than 155,000; and the 
 Sloane Hospital for Women, in which there are nearly 
 2000 obstetrical and many gynecological cases annually, 
 and in which each student is obliged to attend patients 
 
I06 SOUTH BUILDING 
 
 for a period of seven weeks during his fourth year. An 
 increasing amount of post-graduate instruction is now 
 being offered. 
 
 Description. The present site of the college comprises 
 the western part of the city block bounded on the south 
 by West 59th Street, on the north by West 6oth Street, 
 and on the west by Amsterdam (Tenth) Avenue. It was 
 occupied in 1887, and now contains an irregular group 
 of connected buildings of brick and terra cotta, most of 
 which have already been outgrown. These may best be 
 described as the South Building, the Middle Building, 
 the North Building, the Institute of Anatomy, the 
 Vanderbilt Clinic, and the Sloane Hospital. 
 
 The South Building (erected 1886. The gift of Wil- 
 liam H. Vanderbilt. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) 
 is 141 ft. X 43 J^ ft. X 873^ ft. At the right of the main 
 entrance on West 59th Street are the administrative 
 offices and the faculty room. The latter contains portraits 
 of several of the former professors, including Samuel 
 Bard by John Vanderlyn, John Watts, John B. Beck by 
 Augusta Dudley, Alexander H. Stevens, and John G. 
 Curtis by W. T. Smedley. There are also busts of 
 Professors Samuel L. Mit chill and David Hosack. At 
 the left of the entrance are the Students' Reference 
 Library, containing 1200 volumes, the periodical room, 
 and the students' reading-room. In the latter are two 
 memorial tablets, one to commemorate fourteen named 
 students of the college who "died of pestilential disease 
 while serving in the public hospitals of New York," and 
 the other in memory of Drs. J. B. Gibbs, G. W. Lindheim, 
 and H. A. Young, graduates of the college, who "died 
 
SOUTH BUILDING I07 
 
 in the discharge of duty during the war with Spain, 1898- 
 1 899. ' ' There are also portraits of two former presidents 
 of the college, John A. Smith and Thomas Cock by Fred- 
 erick W. Herring, and Joseph Moran, president of the 
 Alumni Association, 1868, by William O. Stone. At the 
 rear of the entrance hall is a bronze bust of William H. 
 Vanderbilt by J. Q. A. Ward. A door at the left opens 
 into a covered passage-way which leads to the Vanderbilt 
 Clinic and the Sloane Hospital. The basement, which is 
 common to the three buildings, contains the heating, 
 ventilating, and lighting machinery, a cold-storage plant 
 for the preservation of anatomical material, a room con- 
 taining osteological preparations for the use of students, 
 a machine shop, animal rooms, and store-rooms. On the 
 first floor a double staircase at the rear of the entrance 
 hall leads to the second story. 
 
 On the second floor is a large and well-equipped physi- 
 ological laboratory which is used for courses of instruction, 
 a laboratory for surgical research, a general recitation 
 room, and several private offices for professors. At its 
 east end the corridor opens into the anatomical museum, 
 the doorway forming the main entrance to the Institute 
 of Anatomy. The corridors of the second and third 
 floors open into the large amphitheatre of the Middle 
 Building. The third floor is devoted to the department 
 of physiology. It has an unusually good equipment 
 for the investigation of the physical problems of physi- 
 ology. There are five laboratories for research ; a library 
 containing the John G. Curtis Collection of books, period- 
 icals, and pamphlets, given by Dr. Curtis (of the Class 
 of 1870), now maintained largely by the George G. 
 Wheelock Fund, given by Dr. Wheelock (of the Class 
 
I08 MIDDLE BUILDING 
 
 of 1864); the Swift Physiological Cabinet, endowed by 
 James T. Swift, Esq., in memory of Foster Swift, M.D. 
 (of the Class of 1857), and containing a very full collec- 
 tion of apparatus of precision; several private rooms for 
 the officers of the department ; two dark-rooms for optical 
 or photographic work ; and an outfit for the manufacture 
 and repair of apparatus. One room is equipped with 
 elaborate electrical apparatus which is used for the in- 
 vestigation of the electrical phenomena of living sub- 
 stance. This room also constitutes a "heart station," 
 being connected by wires with the Vanderbilt Clinic so 
 that the string galvanometers of the department may be 
 used for making electrocardiographic records from 
 patients at the clinic. The fourth floor is occupied 
 mainly by a large dissecting room which is lighted by 
 skylights. In small glass cases along the walls are 
 mounted fine preparations of the separate bones of the 
 human body, the gift of Dr. Robert F. Weir (of the Class 
 of 1859). At the west end, a room is set apart for 
 operative surgery, where students are taught on the 
 cadaver some of the fundamentals of surgical procedure. 
 Opening off from the main room of this floor are rooms for 
 the officers of the department', prosectors' rooms, and a 
 macerating room. 
 
 The Middle Building (erected 1886. The gift of 
 WiUiam H. Vanderbilt. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) 
 (56 ft. X 543/^ ft. X 763^ ft.) forms a structural link 
 between the North and South Buildings. At its north 
 and south ends are the main stairways, which are con- 
 nected with the corridors of the North and South Build- 
 ings. The Middle Building is devoted chiefly to the 
 
NORTH BUILDING IO9 
 
 two large lecture rooms of the college, one occupying the 
 first floor and the other, an amphitheater, on the second 
 and third floors, having a seating capacity of 450. They 
 are reached from the main stairways. In the amphi- 
 theater are hung several paintings, a copy of Hamann's 
 portrait of Vesalius, and portraits of former professors 
 of the institution: namely, Edward Delafield, Willard 
 Parker by Daniel Huntington, Alonzo Clark by Daniel 
 Huntington, John C. Dalton, from whom the chief pro- 
 fessorship of physiology is named, by Eastman Johnson, 
 Henry B. Sands by Morgan Rhees, Thomas T. Sabine, 
 J. W. McLane by Daniel Huntington, and T. Mitchell 
 Prudden by Sargeant Kendall. Beneath the amphi- 
 theater, on the second floor a corridor connects the two 
 main stairways. Opening from this are the library of 
 the department of biological chemistry and a small 
 laboratory for work in physical chemistry. An easterly 
 addition, reached from the northern end of this corridor, 
 contains the laboratory for surgical research, which is 
 maintained by an anonymous fund. It is used for in- 
 struction, surgical research on animals, and the treatment 
 of animals requiring surgical attention . It contains offices 
 operating rooms, and, on the floor below, an animal 
 hospital. The laboratory is under the care of a regular 
 corps of surgeons and a trained nurse. The public may 
 send here sick animals and they will be cared for with the 
 same consideration for their comfort and the same sur- 
 gical skill as are patients in hospitals for human beings. 
 
 The North Building (Erected 1886. Architect: W. 
 Wheeler Smith) 94 ft. x 433^ ft. x Sy}^ ft. faces West 
 60th Street, but has here only a small private entrance. 
 
no NORTH BUILDING 
 
 It is usually entered from the corridor of the second floor 
 of the Middle Building. The first floor contains a labo- 
 ratory for the instruction of undergraduate students in 
 organic and physiological chemistry. Separate rooms 
 are used respectively for the storage of chemicals, and 
 for work with the ultramicroscope and the centrifuging 
 of liquids. On the second floor four laboratories are 
 employed for post-graduate instruction and research in 
 biological chemistry. One of these is specially fitted for 
 exact experimentation in metabolism. Store-rooms and 
 a private ofhce adjoin these. The third floor contains 
 two laboratories, of pharmacology and pharmacy respec- 
 tively, a small chemical laboratory, a balance room, a 
 store-room, and a mechanic's shop. In cases along the 
 wall of the corridor is a museum collection of crude drugs. 
 The fourth floor contains the laboratories of advanced 
 clinical pathology, used for instruction and research, and 
 the offices of the members of the staff of that department. 
 These laboratories connect with the extensive laboratories 
 of pathology which cover the fourth floor of the Vander- 
 bilt Clinic, and are usually entered from that building. 
 They include numerous private laboratories and operat- 
 ing rooms, mainly for research, private offices, two animal 
 rooms, a technician's room for the preparation of micro- 
 scopic specimens, a laboratory for the investigation of 
 pathological problems by physiological methods, and a 
 room devoted to the growing of animal tissues outside 
 the animal body. A portion of the collection of patho- 
 logical specimens is stored here. A Library is maintained 
 by the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians 
 and Surgeons. 
 
 The north stairway gives access on the fifth floor on 
 
INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY III 
 
 the south to a laboratory for research in surgical patho- 
 logy, which constitutes the uppermost floor of the Middle 
 Building. At the west is a small laboratory used in the 
 preparation of histological specimens. A door to the 
 north opens directly into a large laboratory which is 
 used for the instruction of students in histology, neuro- 
 anatomy, and pathology. This room contains the greater 
 portion of the collection of pathological specimens which 
 constitute the pathological museum, many of which date 
 from the earlier history of the college. They are used 
 for teaching purposes. An amphitheater allows demon- 
 strative lectures to be given to students. To the west, 
 on the same floor, and occupying the fifth floor of the 
 Vanderbilt Clinic, are the laboratories of bacteriology. 
 These consist of one large laboratory which is used for 
 investigation by the members of the staff and others, 
 the office and private laboratory of the director of the 
 department, and two rooms used, respectively, for the 
 preparation of toxins and antitoxins, and for the prepara- 
 tion of culture media and the sterilization of apparatus. 
 The department contains an extensive collection of cul- 
 tures of living bacteria, including particularly pathogenic 
 and closely related non-pathogenic species. A large 
 laboratory containing a small amphitheater is used 
 jointly for instruction in bacteriology and clinical 
 pathology. 
 
 The Institute of Anatomy was erected in 1896, (883/^ 
 ft. X 45 ft. X 8734 ft. Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) with 
 funds provided by the gift of Messrs. Cornelius, William 
 K., Frederick W., and George W. Vanderbilt. The 
 whole building is occupied by the department of anatomy. 
 
112 INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY 
 
 It is continuous with and lies to the east of the South 
 Building, but is entered only from the basement and 
 the second and fourth floors of that building. The 
 basement is used mainly for storage. There is a large 
 tank-room in which are kept the wet preparations 
 used to illustrate the lectures in anatomy, together with 
 a part of the comparative collection of the department. 
 This room is also used for the making of plaster casts 
 and the manufacture of the wax-plates which are used 
 in the Born method of preparing enlarged models of 
 embryonic structures. In addition the basement con- 
 tains a corrosion room and the large human reference 
 osteological collection. On the first floor are study col- 
 lections comprising classified series of anatomical pre- 
 parations, both human and comparative, mounted 
 skeletons, casts, and corrosions, which on account of 
 their delicacy require protection from heat and light. 
 A gallery contains the comparative osteological collection. 
 
 The second floor, which communicates directly with 
 the corridor of the South Building, is allotted to the ana- 
 tomical museum. Here are exhibited series of selected 
 preparations illustrative of the comparative anatomy and 
 evolution of the heart, lungs, alimentary canal, and genito- 
 urinary tract . The specimens are mounted with a view of 
 securing to the student the freest possible access to the 
 material consistent with its preservation, and are fur- 
 nished with framed descriptions, labelled photographs, 
 and explanatory notes. The tables, rotary stands, and 
 accessories were provided by the gift of Mr. E. H. 
 Harkness. 
 
 On the third floor is the laboratory of morphology, 
 used by the staff of the department, and open to properly 
 
VANDERBILT CLINIC 1 13 
 
 qualified students for advanced work and investigation. 
 It is admirably equipped with instruments and apparatus 
 for the various technical procedures of anatomy and is 
 well supplied with microscopes and projectoscopes for 
 embryological and histological study. A small enclosure 
 at the south end serves as the office of the director of 
 the department, and contains his library, which is at the 
 service of advanced workers. Here also are kept the 
 Columbia collection of embryos, and a large series of 
 lantern slides, largely illustrative of material in the pos- 
 session of the department. The staff includes an artist 
 who devotes his entire time to the work of illustration. 
 The fourth floor forms an annex to the main dissecting 
 room of the South Building and contains two small am- 
 phitheaters used in demonstrations to sections of a class. 
 There is also a small room assigned to the instructors 
 in neuro-anatomy. 
 
 The Vanderbilt Clinic (the gift of Messrs. Cornelius, 
 William K., Frederick W., and George W. Vanderbilt. 
 Architect: W. Wheeler Smith) occupies the plot on the 
 southeast corner of West 6oth Street and Amsterdam 
 Avenue, and, as originally constructed in 1886, consisted 
 of three main stories, now known as the West Building 
 (923^ ft. X 60 ft. X 73 ft.). This building was soon 
 found insufficient, and in 1896 a larger structure of five 
 stories, surmounted by a clock tower, now called the East 
 Building (106 ft. x 60}^ ft. x 107 ft.) was added to it 
 directly to the east. The two buildings form an organic 
 whole, and may be described as one. On entering the 
 building at the main entrance on Amsterdam Avenue, 
 the visitor is admitted directly into a large waiting room 
 
114 VANDERBILT CLINIC 
 
 in which the patients are classified and distributed. A 
 corridor passes to a second waiting room on the east. 
 The first room on the right of the entrance forms a large 
 and commodious apothecary's department, "rom which 
 are dispensed the drugs that are used by the patients. 
 Farther along on the right are the offices of the receiving 
 clerks, where are stored approximately 100,000 classified 
 cards giving the histories and records of patients. Beyond 
 these offices are the rooms used by the orthopoedic de- 
 partment. To the left of the entrance are a series of 
 rooms devoted to surgery and general medicine. There 
 is an elaborately equipped operating room, and all ap- 
 pliances for operations on ambulant patients, and a 
 battery of Cooper-Hewitt lamps furnishes illumination 
 for instantaneous photographs of patients. There are 
 also electric ovens for the treatment of rheumatic joints. 
 Special rooms are devoted to the instruction of students, 
 to diseases of children, to the use of visiting nurses, and 
 to the social-service work of the clinic. The work of the 
 clinic is greatly aided by an association of women, called 
 the Vanderbilt Clinic Auxiliary, which maintains a 
 trained social-service worker and a corps of nurses for 
 the purpose of visiting the patients in their homes and 
 offering advice and assistance in the continuation of their 
 treatment. The door to the right leads into a covered 
 passage-way which extends to the Sloane Hospital and 
 the South Building of the college. 
 
 In the second story of this passage-way, there are 
 rooms for the library, the offices, and the laboratory of 
 the professor of the practice of medicine, besides a well 
 equipped laboratory used by the department of clinical 
 pathology, and in which twenty students can make the 
 
VANDERBILT CLINIC II5 
 
 routine chemical and microscopic examinations necessary 
 in the study of disease. 
 
 In the basement of the CHnic, a room is devoted to 
 a very complete hydr other apeutic apparatus, with all 
 facilities for giving the various baths that are used in 
 this method of treatment. Another room contains a 
 variety of mechanical appliances used in mechanother- 
 apy; this form of treatment is very useful in breaking 
 up adhesions and rendering flexible stiff joints that have 
 been in plaster casts or are rheumatic. A large number 
 of patients exercise here every morning. In other rooms 
 a milk station is maintained by the Department of 
 Health of the City. Milk may be obtained here for the 
 use of the patients of the Clinic, and for cases outside 
 the Clinic in co-operation with the Charity Organization 
 Society. 
 
 The second and third floors contain two central waiting 
 rooms and an amphitheater capable of seating 400 
 students, with entrances on both floors. Around these 
 central rooms are smaller rooms for special work. On 
 the second floor two rooms are devoted to instruction in 
 gynecology, and five rooms to instruction in diseases of 
 the nose and throat. The latter department has an un- 
 usual equipment, the gift of Professor George M. Lefferts, 
 (of the Class of 1870), and called the Lefferts Museum. 
 A bronze tablet on the wall memorializes the gift, 
 which consists of many engravings and photographs of 
 the masters of laryngology, a beautiful series of lecture 
 charts, numerous plaster casts and models illustrating 
 diseases of the larynx, and a very complete collection of 
 laryngological instruments. Three rooms are devoted 
 to the treatment of nervous diseases, a well equipped 
 
Il6 SLOANE HOSPITAL 
 
 laboratory for the scientific investigation of nervous dis- 
 eases by means of elaborate registering apparatus, and 
 three large rooms for the department of ophthalmol- 
 ogy, including a dark-room where an entire class of 
 students can examine a series of patients with the aid of 
 ophthalmoscopes. Of the special rooms on the third 
 floor, three are devoted to gynecology and three to the 
 diseases of the skin, while another room is elaborately 
 equipped as a laboratory for the study of the pathology 
 of lesions of the skin. Two rooms are used by nurses 
 for the preparation of bandages. Three rooms are de- 
 voted to the diseases of the ear, three to genito-urinary 
 diseases, one to dental work, and two to class instruction. 
 The fourth and fifth floors of the building are reserved 
 for the laboratories of the departments of pathology, 
 bacteriology, and clinical pathology, and are de- 
 scribed in the account of the North Building. The 
 roof of the Clinic is equipped as an outdoor camp, for 
 the treatment of patients suffering from tuberculosis. 
 It has a capacity of one hundred patients, a kitchen and a 
 dining room, which may also be used as a solarium. A 
 public school for tuberculous children is here conducted, 
 under the auspices of the Board of Education of the city. 
 The work of the camp is greatly aided by the Clinic 
 Auxiliary. 
 
 The Sloane Maternity Hospital, the immediate pre- 
 decessor of the Sloane Hospital for Women (145 ft. X98 
 ft. X 87 ft. Erected 1886-1911. The gift of Mr. and 
 Mrs. WilHam D. Sloane. Architect : W. Wheeler Smith) , 
 was inaugurated in 1887, and was at that time the most 
 complete obstetrical hospital anywhere existing. It 
 
SLOANE HOSPITAL II7 
 
 contained twenty-eight beds for patients, besides accom- 
 modations for the medical staff, nurses, and servants. 
 The service increased rapidly and in 1897 a six-story ad- 
 dition was erected, providing seventy- two additional 
 beds for patients. In 191 o a building was erected for 
 gynecological purposes, and the name of the hospital 
 was changed to the Sloane Hospital for Women. In 191 1 
 three stories were added to accommodate the nurses. 
 The building is situated on the northeast comer of 59th 
 Street and Amsterdam Avenue and, as it stands to-day 
 (1912), is seven stories in height and surrounds a small 
 court. Its southern portion is used for the obstetrical 
 service, and its northern portion for the gynecological. 
 It contains 173 beds for adults and 100 cribs for infants. 
 Besides being a charitable and private hospital, it fur- 
 nishes practical instruction in obstetrics and gynecology 
 to the students of the College, to nurses, and to doctors 
 of medicine. Each student of the College during his 
 fourth year spends three weeks in the obstetrical division, 
 and four weeks in the gynecological division, residing in 
 the hospital a part of the time. Undergraduate nurses 
 may receive instruction for a period of three months. 
 The hospital provides a four-months 'post -graduate course 
 for nurses, and moreover offers opportunities for medical 
 graduates to become obstetricians and gynecologists. 
 
 The main entrance is on West 59th Street. In the en- 
 trance hall a bronze tablet has been erected by the 
 Trustees of the University, "in recognition of the wise 
 liberality of William Douglas Sloane and Emily Thorn 
 Vanderbilt Sloane." At the right is an obstetrical 
 operating amphitheater which will accommodate one 
 hundred students, with various accessory rooms. Along 
 
Il8 SLOANE HOSPITAL 
 
 the main corridor are the offices of administration, re- 
 ception and examining rooms, a record room containing 
 the histories of the 28,000 obstetrical cases of the hospital, 
 a staff room where hangs a portrait of William D . Sloane 
 by Eastman Johnson, quarters for the resident physicians 
 and students, the superintendent's office, and the labora- 
 tory. This floor is connected by a covered passage-way 
 with the Vanderbilt Clinic and the South Building of the 
 College. In the basement are the reception rooms and 
 lockers for the ward patients, the drug-room, the laundry 
 store-rooms, the servants' dining-room, and the heating 
 and ventilating plants. On the second floor are obstet- 
 rical wards, private obstetrical and gynecological rooms, 
 a private operating room, and nurseries. There is an 
 office for a social worker, who finds places in which needy 
 women may stay before they enter the hospital, and ob- 
 tains remunerative situations for them afterwards. The 
 third and fourth floors are divided between obstetrical 
 wards and nurseries, dormitories to be used by women 
 before entering the wards, a ward dining-room, and pri- 
 vate rooms for both obstetrical and gynecological cases. 
 Separate quarters are reserved for septic and other special 
 cases. On the fifth floor are private gynecological rooms 
 and living accommodations for nurses; and on the sixth 
 floor the four wards of the gynecological division, accom- 
 modations for nurses, the main kitchen, and dining-rooms. 
 The seventh floor is devoted partly to servants' quarters 
 and partly to the gynecological service, with an operating 
 amphitheater and etherizing, preparation, sterilizing, 
 recovery, and dressing-rooms. A room is set apart for 
 the treatment of special conditions. It contains the 
 most recent model of a fulgurating machine for obtaining 
 
SLOANE HOSPITAL II9 
 
 an electrical current of high frequency, which is used for 
 relieving pain and in the treatment of certain inoperable 
 cases. The greater portion of the building is covered 
 with a flat roof which is arranged as a roof garden and 
 solarium and is divided into sections for private patients, 
 ward patients, and nurses respectively. Over the northern 
 portion of the building an eighth floor contains the super- 
 intendent's quarters, above which is a roof garden for 
 the members of the medical staff. 
 
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 
 (No. 115 West 68th Street) 
 
 Historical Note. The number of pharmacists prac- 
 ticing in New York City at the beginning of the last 
 century was small and among them very few had received 
 any special training for their work, nor did the city at 
 that time afford any means of obtaining such training. 
 In order to supply this imperative need, several of the 
 leading pharmacists, among whom were John D. Keese, 
 Henry H. Schieffelin, and Constantine Adamson, took 
 the first steps in March, 1829, for the founding of a 
 College of Pharmacy. In 1831, a charter was obtained 
 and the Rev. Henry H. Schieffelin was elected president ; 
 Dr. John Torrey and Dr. Stephen Brown having pre- 
 viously been appointed to the professorships of pharmacy 
 and materia medica respectively. In the following year 
 courses of lectures in chemistry were also given, and 
 somewhat later courses in practical botany. During its 
 first twenty-five years, the number of students was small, 
 but shortly after the renewal of the charter of the College, 
 in 1856, three men became connected with it. Dr. E. R. 
 Squibb, Dr. Charles Rice, and Professor Charles F. 
 Chandler, to whose effort and devotion its subsequent 
 success is largely due. In 1 871, the Alumni Association 
 was formed, and in 1873 the property No. 209-211 East 
 ^ 120 
 
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 
 
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 121 
 
 23d Street was purchased. In the latter year, thirty- 
 three students were graduated; in 1879 the number had 
 increased to sixty-five, and in 1889 to one hundred and 
 six. In 1894, the College removed to its present site and 
 ten years later it became affiliated with Columbia Univer- 
 sity. Courses are now given leading to the degrees of 
 pharmaceutical chemist and doctor of pharmacy. 
 
 In addition to giving instruction, the College has been 
 active in its efforts to secure needed reforms, such as 
 the establishment and revision of an authoritative phar- 
 macopoeia, a statutory requirement for the qualification 
 of pharmacists, and the enactment of a pure-food law. 
 
 Description. The present building, situated on the 
 northerly side of 68th Street, between Broadway and 
 Columbus Avenue, was erected in 1894, and is 75 ft. x 
 100 ft. in size. It is built of light gray stone, buff brick, 
 and terra cotta, in the Italian Renaissance style, six 
 stories in height, of fire-proof construction. 
 
 The first floor, a few steps above the street level, con- 
 tains the office of the College, the Library, a large col- 
 lection of books on pharmacy and the allied sciences; 
 the Canby herbarium, the dispensing laboratory, and the 
 Trustees' Room. The second and third floors are de- 
 voted to the lecture room, seating five hundred students, 
 and accommodation for the preparation for lectures, with 
 special rooms for quizzes. On the fourth floor are located 
 the departments of botany and materia medica ; also the 
 museum of materia medica, the microscopical laboratory 
 with provision for one hundred students working at 
 microscopes at one time; also special rooms for the ac- 
 commodation of the professor of the department and 
 his assistants. 
 
122 COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 
 
 On the fifth floor is the pharmaceutical laboratory, 
 which will accommodate four hundred and fifty students, 
 one hundred and fifty working simultaneously, each 
 student having his own individual closet and drawer for 
 apparatus. The floors are of asphalt, perfectly water- 
 tight, and the drainage has been designed with special 
 reference to pharmaceutical manipulations, on a practical 
 scale. 
 
 On the sixth floor is located the chemical laboratory, 
 with accommodations for a like number of students. 
 Also the stock room for supplies, a scale room, and offices 
 for the director and his assistants. The building as a 
 whole will accommodate one thousand students. 
 
CAMP COLUMBIA 
 
 Camp Columbia, the headquarters of the Summer 
 School of Surveying, is situated in the town of Morris, 
 Litchfield County, Connecticut, and is reached from New 
 York by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Rail- 
 road. [Ticket to Bantam on the Litchfield Branch, 
 ninety-nine miles; drive three miles along the shore of 
 Lake Bantam to the Camp.] 
 
 The Camp, which is situated on the crest of the hill 
 about one half mile south of the Lake, consists of about 
 four hundred and eighty (480) acres of land, and fourteen 
 buildings. These include three dormitories with rooms 
 for 181 men, a dining-hall, kitchen, ice-house, pump- 
 house, water-tower and tank, bath-house, administration 
 building, Y. M. C. A. building, instrument-house, ob- 
 servatory, and storehouse. Other buildings are used 
 in connection with the farm operations conducted on 
 the property. 
 
 The field practice in surveying for students in the 
 Schools of Mines, Engineering, and Chemistry has been 
 conducted in the vicinity of Bantam Lake since 1883, 
 and the topography, cHmate, and local surroundings 
 have proved so satisfactory and so admirably adapted 
 in every way to the requirements of a Summer School of 
 Surveying, and the wisdom of concentrating the in- 
 
 123 
 
124 CAMP COLUMBIA 
 
 struction in the practice of surveying into the summer 
 months has been so clearly demonstrated by the experi- 
 ence of twenty years, that the Trustees of the University 
 have purchased additional adjoining farms and estab- 
 lished a permanent Camp. In 1908, the Summer School 
 of Geodesy was transferred from Osterville, on Cape Cod, 
 to Camp Columbia, and since that time the instruction 
 given by the Departments of Astronomy and Civil 
 Engineering in Geodesy and Surveying has been so 
 co-ordinated that a combined hydrographic and geodetic 
 survey of Bantam Lake is made by each succeeding 
 third-year class of Civil Engineers. 
 
 No better location for a surveying school could be 
 found. The topography is rough and varied. The 
 ground about the Camp is from 900 to 1200 feet above 
 the sea. The atmosphere is clear and dry. The days 
 during July and August are moderately warm but never 
 sultry, and the nights are always cool. Mount Tom 
 (1325 feet high) is less than three miles away and in clear 
 view; Mount Prospect (1365 feet high) is five miles 
 north; Bantam Lake, one half mile north of the Camp, 
 is nearly three miles long and from one half to two 
 thirds of a mile wide, and twenty-five feet deep. Its 
 surface elevation is 896 feet above the sea. Litchfield, 
 a beautiful village and well-known summer resort, is the 
 nearest town of any considerable size. Washington 
 is about six miles west; Watertown eight miles, and 
 Waterbury fourteen miles southeast. 
 
 Camp Columbia is open for surveying practice from 
 about June ist to September 15th each year. Ap- 
 proximately 300 students attend for a period of five 
 or six weeks; the maximum attendance at any part 
 
CAMP COLUMBIA 125 
 
 of the session is about 180 students. Instruction is 
 given in all branches of plane surveying including farm 
 surveiHing, city surveying, mine surveying, topographic 
 surveying, hydrographic surveying, and railroad survey- 
 ing, as well as in geodesy and practical astronomy. 
 
DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS OF ADMINIS- 
 TRATION 
 
 Nicholas Murray Butler, Ph.D., 
 J.U.D., LL.D. (Cantab.), D.Litt. 
 (Oxon.), President of the Uni- 
 versity 213 Library 
 
 Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, Ph.D., 
 LL.D. Dean of the Faculties of 
 PoHtical Science, Philosophy, 
 Pure Science, and Fine Arts . . . 305 East Hall 
 
 Frederick Paul Keppel, Litt.D. 
 
 Dean of Columbia College 208 Hamilton Hal 
 
 Frederick Arthur Goetze, M.Sc. 
 
 Dean of the Faculty of Applied | 405 Engineering 
 Science, and Consulting Engineer ) Bldg 
 
 Harlan F. Stone, A.M., LL.B, 
 
 Dean of the Faculty of Law .... 404 Kent Hall 
 
 Samuel W. Lambert, M.D. 
 
 Dean of the Faculty of Medicine 
 (College of Physicians and Sur- 
 geons) 437 West 59th St. 
 
 William H. Carpenter, Ph.D. 
 
 Provost of the University 305 East Hall. 
 
 126 
 
DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS 1 27 
 
 Virginia C. Gildersleeve, Ph.D. 
 Dean of Barnard College and 
 Adviser of Women Graduate 
 Students Barnard College 
 
 William T. Brewster, A.M. 
 
 Provost of Barnard College .... Barnard College 
 
 James Earl Russell, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 
 Dean of Teachers College Teachers College 
 
 Henry H. Rusby, M.D. 
 
 Dean of the College of Pharmacy, 115 West 68th St. 
 
 James C. Egbert, Ph.D. 
 
 Director of the Summer Session ) 306 Philosophy 
 and of Extension Teaching j Bldg. 
 
 Talcott Williams, L.H.D. 
 
 Director of the School of Jour- 
 nalism University Hall 
 
 John W. Cunliffe, D.Litt. 
 
 Associate Director of the School 
 
 of Journalism University Hall 
 
 Frank Diehl Fackenthal, A.B. 
 
 Secretary of the University . ... 213 Library 
 
 William Dawson Johnston, A.M., 
 LL.D., Librarian of the Uni- 
 versity 201 Library 
 
 Rev. Raymond C. Knox, B.D. 
 
 Cnaplain of the University Earl Hall 
 
 D. Stuart Dodge Jessup, M.D. 
 
 University Medical Visitor. ... 601 West 113th St. 
 
 William A. Hervey, A.M. 
 
 Registrar of the University .... East Hall 
 
128 DIRECTORY OF OFFICERS 
 
 Charles S. Danielson, 
 
 Bursar of the University East Hall 
 
 Edward K. Hayt, A.M. 
 
 Assistant Registrar and Assist- 
 ant Bursar at the College of 
 
 Physicians and Surgeons 437 West 59th St. 
 
 Adam Leroy Jones, Ph.D. 
 
 Chairman of the Committee on 
 
 Undergraduate Admissions. ... 310 East Hall 
 Clifford B. Upton, A.M. 
 
 Secretary of Teachers College . . Teachers College 
 Malcolm M. Roy, A.B. 
 
 Secretary of the Committee on 
 
 Employment for Students 301 East Hall 
 
 George Brokaw Compton, A.B. 
 
 Secretary of the Alumni Council, 3 1 1 East Hall 
 IsABELLE L. Pratt, 
 
 Secretary of the Committee on 
 
 Appointments (Department of 
 
 Education) Teachers College 
 
 James A. Myers, A.B. 
 
 Secretary of Earl Hall Earl Hall 
 
 Henry Lee Norris, M.E. 
 
 Superintendent of Buildings and 
 
 Grounds 1 10 Library 
 
DIRECTORY OF FRATERNITIES 
 
 Alpha Chi Rho, 633 West 115 St. Founded 1895. 
 Phi Omega Chapter established 1900. Tel. 1826- J 
 Morning. 
 
 Alpha Delta Phi, 614 West 113 St. Founded 1832. 
 Columbia Chapter established 1836. Re-established 
 1881. Tel. 5714 Morning. 
 
 Alpha Sigma Phi, 359 West 117 St. Founded 1845. 
 Lambda Chapter established 1910. 
 
 Beta Theta Pi, 429 West 117 St. Founded 1839. 
 Alpha Alpha Chapter established 1881. Tel. 5599 
 Morning. 
 
 Delta Kappa Epsilon, 608 West 113 St. Founded 
 1844. Gamma Beta Chapter established 1874. Tel. 
 1 166 Morning. 
 
 Delta Tau Delta, 616 West 1 13 St. Founded 1859. 
 Gamma Epsilon Chapter established 1882. Re-estab- 
 lished 1902. Tel. 5756 Morning. 
 
 Delta Upsilon, 558 West 113 St. Founded 1834. 
 Columbia Chapter established 1885. Tel. 3424 Morning. 
 
 Delta Phi, 612 West 116 St. Founded 1832. Delta 
 Chapter established 1842. Tel. 4842 Morning. 
 
 Delta Psi, Riverside Drive and 1 16 St. Founded 1847. 
 Alpha Chapter established 1847. Tel. 2352 Morning. 
 
 Pi Lambda Phi, Founded 1895. Columbia Chapter 
 established 1896. Re-established 191 o. 
 
 Phi Gamma Delta, 604 West 1 14 St. Founded 1848. 
 Omega Chapter established 1866. Tel. 264 Morning. 
 9 129 
 
I30 DIRECTORY OF FRATERNITIES 
 
 Phi Delta Theta, 565 West 113 St. Founded 1848. 
 New York Delta Chapter established 1884. Tel. 6401 
 Morning. 
 
 Phi Epsilon Pi, 421 West 121 St. Founded 1888. 
 Beta Beta Chapter established 1905. Tel. 6769 Morning. 
 
 Phi Kappa Sigma, 536 West 114 St. Founded 1850. 
 Iota Chapter established 1855. Tel. 6772 Morning. 
 
 Phi Kappa Psi, 627 West 113 St. Founded 1852. 
 New York Gamma Chapter established 1872. Tel. 7232 
 Morning. 
 
 Phi Sigma Kappa, 550 West 114 St. Founded 1873. 
 Theta Chapter established 1897. Tel. 550 Morning. 
 
 Psi Upsilon, 627 West 115 St. Founded 1833. 
 Lambda Chapter established 1842. Tel. 729 Morning. 
 
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon, 531 West 113 St. Founded 
 1856. New York Mu Chapter estabhshed 1895. Tel. 
 8133 Morning. 
 
 Sigma Nu, 540 West 113 St. Founded 1869. Delta 
 Gamma Chapter established 1888. Re-established 1908. 
 Tel. 7304 Morning. 
 
 Sigma Chi, 523 West 113 St. Founded 1855. Nu Nu 
 Chapter estabhshed 1894. Tel. 2806 Morning. 
 
 Theta Delta Chi, 619 West 113 St. Founded 1848. 
 Rho Deuteron Chapter estabhshed 1883. Tel. 261 1 
 Morning. 
 
 Theta Xi, 618 West 1 13 St. Founded 1864. Epsilon 
 Chapter established 1898. Tel. 3197 Morning. 
 
 Zeta Beta Tau, 403 West 119 St. Founded 1898. 
 Columbia Chapter established 1903. 
 
 Zeta Psi, 431 West 117 St. Founded 1846. Alpha 
 Chapter estabhshed 1878. Tel. 1543 Morning. 
 
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