TH£ SPALDING OFFICIAL No. J, Intercollegiate Foot Ball. Adopted for the Second Year by the IntercoUegiate AssociatioxL Us^ L 10 ft. 10 ft. _: w! --0 r*" -ij 5' 10 ft. 10 ft. OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 37 4. The single-handed and double-handed game consists of 15 aces. At " 13 all," the side which first reaches 13 has the option of " setting " ^ve ; at "14 all," of "setting" three. In three-handed or in four-handed games, the game consists of 21 aces. First set is at 19 all ; second set is at 20 all. 5. A Fault made by a player whose side is " in " puts a hand out; if made by a player whose side is "out" it counts an " ace " to the " in " side. 6. It is a fault— (a.) If the service is " overhand," i. e., when, at the instant of striking the shuttlecock, the server's bat or wrist is higher than his elbow or shoulder ; or if the first part of the path of the shuttlecock is inclined downwards. (5.) If the service falls into the wrong court, i. e., not into the one diagonally opposite to the server. (c.) If the service falls short of the service line or outside the bounding lines. {(i.) Unless both the server's feet are in his own court. NOTE.— A foot on a line is held to be out of court. (e.) If, either in service or play, the shuttlecock fall outside the bounds of the court. NOTE.— A shuttlecock falling on any line is held to have fallen in the court of lohich such line is a boundary, i. e., the striker gets the benefit of the doubt. (/.) If, either in service or play, the shuttlecock does not pass between the posts, or if it pass under or through the net, or touch the roof, or the jjerson or dress of any player, or the side walls, or anything except the bat of the striker, or the top of the net. (g.) If the shuttlecock be hit twice intentionally by the same player, and be touched or hit by a player or his partner. (h.) If the shuttlecock be struck before it crosses to the striker's side of the net. (i.) If the striker touch the Net or its supports with his racket or otlierwise. 7. It having been decided, as laid down in Rule 3, which side is to have the first hand, the player in the right-hand court of 38 OFFICIAL SPORTING EULES. that side commences the game by serving to the player in the adverse right-hand court; if that player return the shuttle- cock, it must be hit back by the "in" side and then returned by the "out" side till a fault is made by one side or the other. If the fault is made by the "in" side, the server's hand is "out," and the player in the right-hand adverse court now becomes the server; but if the serve is not returned, or the fault is made by the "out" side, the " in " side scores an oce. The " in " side then changes courts, the server nov^ being in the left court and serving to the adverse left court. The game is continued in this manner, court being changed after each ace is made. The service line is disregarded after the serve is returned. 8. The sides go in alternately to the end of the match, 9. The innings of a side always begin with the player in the right-hand court. 10. Serves must be made alternately from each court into the one diagonally opposite to it. 11. The server may stand anywhere he likes in his own court. 12. In 2, 3 and i handed games, the side beginning a game has only one hand in its tirst innings if there are 2 a side, and only two hands if there are 3 a side. In every subsequent innings, each partner of a side has a hand in regular rotation. 13. In a 2 handed game, only the person served to may take the serve; but in a 3 or 4 handed game, the player standing back may take the serve if the shuttlecock has pas ed the player in front without being touched. 14. No player of a side, except in single games, may take two consecutive serves. 15. The server may not serve till his opponent is ready, but if a return of the service be attempted the player shall be deemed ready. 16. Any unforeseen or accidental hindrance may be given a "Let" by the Umpire on appeal from either side before the next service commences or before the players have changed sides at the end of a game. A l^t cannot be claimed if an attempt has been made to strike the shuttlecock. BE;T[^^ri]S[(i^ rui.e:s. Bi-ona Ciooclwin's OFfioial Tuit-F GUIDES, 1. In all bets there must be ca possibility to win when the bet is made; "you cannot win when you cannot lose." 2. If a horse entered by an incorrect or insufficient descrip- tion is for that reason disqualitied and prevented from run- ning, bets on that horse are void. 3. Bets follow the prize or stakes. If, however, a horse that comes in first is disqualified through an objection made a//er the race to the validity of his engagement, the bets shall go to him, provided his engagement was in good faith, and he is of the right age, and in other respects has not transgressed the rules of racing; but if the owner of a horse, or a person on hi.s behalf, succeed by mis-statement or fraudulent device in start- ing him for a race for which he was not qualified, the bets will go with the prize or stakes, whether any objection bo made either before or after the race. 4. All bets are play or pay, unless otherwise stipulated, 5. All double bets must be considei-ed play or pay. G. Confirmed bets cannot be off, except by mutual consent or by failure to make stakes at the time and place which ma}' have been agreed upon, in which case it is optional with a bet- tor not in default to declare then and there that the bet stands. If at the time specified for making stakes, the horse or horses backed are dead or struck out of the engagement, and a start has not been stipulated, the bettor against them need not, while the backer must, deposit his stake. If there is no stipulation when the bet is made for the deposit of stakes, thev cannot be demanded afterward. 40 OFFIOIATi SPOBTING EULES. 7. All bets on matches or private sweepstakes dependiug between any two horses shall be void, if those horses sub- sequently become the propertj^ of the same person or his avowed confederate. 8. All bets between designated horses are void, if neither of them is placed in the race; except bets between designated horses started for a race of heats, but not starting for a third heat, which are determined by their places in the second heat, and bets between sucli horses and a horse starting for a tlnrd heat, which are won by the latter, even though he be distanced afterward. 9. Any bet made from signal or indication when the race has been determined shall be considered f radulent and void. 10 The person who lays the odds has a right to choose a horse or the held ; when a person has chosen a horse, the held is what starts against him. If odds are laid without mentioning the horse before the race is over, the bet must be determined by the state of the odds at the time of making it. 11. When a certain number of horses are taken against the tield, and among them are horses struck out of the engage- ment, or disqualified, or even never engaged, the bet neverthe- less stands, so long as there remains one horse which is qnali- tied to start at the time the bet is made. 12. On the postponement of a race bets stand, but if any change be made in the conditions of a race, bets made before the change are void. 13. Bets made on horses winning any number of i-aces with- in the year shall be understood to mean between the 1st of January and 31st of December, 11. If a bet is made between two horses with the condition of a specified forfeit, and both horses start, either party may declare forfeit, and the person making this declarati(m would pay the forfeit, if tlie other horse is placed, but would receive nothing in the event of his horse being placed. 15. Money given to have a bet laid shall not be returned, though the race be not run. 16. Bets made after a race that a winner will be disqualified, stand, even if no objection be made. OrnCIAIi SPORTING RULES. 4:1 17. When a horse has been assigned his position by the starter, stipulations for a start are complied with. 18 Bets are void on the decease of either party before the race. 19. Bets on a match for which a dead heat is run are void. 20. When horses run a dead heat for a purse or sweepstakes , and the owners divide, all bets between such a horses, or be- tween either of them and the field, are settled by putting" to- gether the money betted and dividing- it equally. A bet on a horse that runs a dead heat against a beaten horse is won. 21. Double event bets are determined when the tirst event is lost. 22. If two of -'triple events" or either of "double events" aie decided in the backer's favor and the other results in a dead heat, the money is put together and divided equally. If one of "triple events" is decided in the backer's favor and two result in dead heats, the money betted is put together and divided into four parts one of which goes to the backer. 23. The following conditions govern bets made on the course on the day of the race : When the number of a horse has been exhibited all bets on him stand, unless otherwise ordered by the Executive Com- mittee. If a horse is disqualified for incorrect weight, bets on him are not affected by the disqualiticrtion, if he carried not less than the weight on the official programme or as ct)rrected on the notice board; nor shall disqualification for error of regis- tration affect such bets. LAWS OF BICYCIJNG. 1894. EXTRACTS FROM CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS. CONSTITUTION.— Article III., Section 9. CLASS A. Amateur Rule.— An amateur of Class A is one who has not engaged in, nor assisted in, nor taught cycling or any otlier recognized athletic exercise for money or other remuneration, nor knowingly competed with or against a professional for a prize of any description; or who, after having forfeited his amateur status, has had the same restored by a unanimous vote of the National Assembly, L. A. AV. A cyclist ceases to be an amateur of Class A by: (a). Engaging in cycling or other recognized athletic exercises, or personally teaching, training or coaching any person tlierein, either as a means of obtaining a livelihood, or for a wager, money prize or gate money. (6). Competing with a professional or amateur of Class B, or making the pace for, or having the pace made by, such in public or for a prize. (c). Selling, pawning, exchanging, bartering or otherwise turning into cash, or in any manner realizing cash upon any prize won by him. (<^). Accepting directly or indirectly for cycling any remuneration, compensation or expense whatever. (e). In this class no prize shall exceed fifty dollars in value, and such prizes shall be limited to medals, diplomas, plate, jewelry and cycle sundries only. (/). An amateur of Class A may not compete outside of his own state, at a distance greater than 200 miles, by the ordinary clianuels of travel, from his legal residence, except by special permission from the member of Racing Board in charge of his district. (g). A cyc'.ist does not forfeit his Class A status by teaching the ele- ments of cycling solely for the purpose of effecting the sale of a cycle; nor shall the business of cycle manufacturers and bona fide agents, as such, be considered in determination of their amateur status. (A). License may be granted by unanimous vote of the Racing Board for a special competition in any year between the recognized cham- pions of Classes A and B, the prize rules of Class A to govern the contest. (i). Any amateur who neglects or refuses o answer questions touch- ing his status in Class A to the satisfaction of the Racing Board and BICYCLE RACING RULES. 43 Within thirty days shall be transferred to Class B, and shall have no further opportunity for hearing or appeal. CLASS B. A.n amateur cf Class B shall be a cycle rider who may be in the employ of , and have his traveling and training expenses paid by, a manufacturer of cycles, club or other parties interested in cycling, but shall not compete for a cash or divisible prize, nor realize upon any prize won by him, except as hereinafter provided. One also wlio has ridden for any prize valued at over $50 or of different descriptions from that allowed in Class A. A cyclist ceases to be an amateur of Class B by: (a). Engagmg in cycling or other recognized athletic sports or exer- cise, for a wager, money prize or gate money. (6). Competing with a professional, or making pace for, or havingthe pace made for himself by such in public or for a prize, except as herein- after provided. (c). Selling, pawning, or otherwise turning into cash, or in any man- ner realizing cash upon any prize won by him, except that prizes may be exchanged or bartered provided there is in no case a cash bonus received. (d). Competing in a cycle race on the track for a prize value of more than $150, except in the case of special sanction having been given by the Racing Board for a greater value prize at any special meeting. {e). A cyclist does not forfeit his amateur status in this class by teach- ing the elements of cycling. (/). Any amateur of Class B who neglects or refuses to answer questions touching his amateur status, to the satisfaction of the Racing Board, inside of thirty days, shall be declared to have forfeited his amiteur status. ig). The League recognizes as athletic exercises, in addition to cycling, all sports over which tlie Amateur Athletic Union, The National Association of Amateur Oarsmen and other amateur athletic organiza- tions have jurisdiction. PA€EMAKING. By a special sanction, granted upon a unanimous vote of the Racing Board, permission may be granted in Class B to employ professional pacemakers in any eveut or record trial, where the importance of same may be wan-anted as set forth in application for said sanction. BY- LAWS.— Article IY., Section 7. (a). To the Racing Board shall bo referred all matters pertaining to racing and the championsiiips. It shall make all arrasgements for the annual championships which are held under League auspices, and shall assign such other championships as are now or may be estabUshed, to be run under the auspices of such clubs or associations as it may ii BICYCLE RACING RULES. consider most desii'able, and under sucli conditions as it may deem expedient. (&). Itsliallbetheduty of the Board to make inquiry regarding any ■wheelman whose amateur status in either class is questioned, and all protests or charges shall be entered with the chairman of the Board who shall provide for an investigation by a member or members of the Board. Pending investigation, the party against whom these charges aie brought may be suspended from the track. Suspicious circum- elances, which are, in the judgment of any member of the Board, suffl- cient to make a status of any wheelman a matter of reasonaljle doubt, shall be the basis of an investigation in the absence of formal protest or charges. The member or members to whom the work of investigation is assigned, shall immediately communicate with the party under sus- picion, either in person or by registered letter, lay all charges before him, or set forth the circumstances which lead to a reasonable doubt, and call for an answer to the charges or a satisfactory explanation of the circumstances which give rise to the doubt. If the charges are proved, or the reasonable doubt is not removed, it shall be the duty of the chairman to report the findings in the official organ, declaring that the party has forfeited his amateur status, and warning all amateurs not to compete with him ; and such official declaration shall carry with it expulsion from the League if the person concerned is a member thereof. (c). The Racing Board shall have the right in considering and deter- mining questions that affect the amateur status of any cyclist to act upon any kind of evidence, circumstantial or direct. At the termination of the investigation by the member in charge, his findings shall be submitted to the chairman, who upon direct evidence may expel, and upon circumstantial evidence order a vote of the entire board, a majority vote of which shall expel. (d). Any cyclist who has been expelled shall have the right to appeal only to the National Assembly of the L A. W., and shall be reinstated only by vote of such assembly, upon a competent showing of error on the part of the Racing Board. {e). The Racing Board, through its chairman, shall have the right of cenaorship over the character of prizes offered in cycle races, and may withhold or withdraw the sanction to race promoters, providing its decision in excluding any prize is not complied with. (/). It shall be within the province of the Racing Board to suspend from the race track, for such a time as it may deem proportionate fo the offense, any wheelman guilty of unfair dealing in connection with cycle racing, or ungentlemanly conduct on the track, or any wheelman who competes in a race not governed by the rules of the L. A. W. , or those that may be approved by the Racing Board. Any wheelman who knowingly competes with one who has been suspended will render himself liable to a like penalty. BICYCLE RACING RULES. 45 (g). Whenever permission is granted to an amateur of Class A to compete at greater distance from his legal residence than allowed by the rule, the member of Racing Board granting same shall require a certitied itemized statement of expenses, with receipts and vouchers; and shall notify chairman at once that said permission has been granted. (h). The Racing Board shall have the power to make such rules for its government and the government of cycle race meetings as may be deemed expedient, and may appoint one or more official handicappers at its discretion. The following will be considered as unfair dealing and ungentle- manly conduct and render the offender liable to a suspension: 1. Entering a class race to which his record does not give him the right of entry. 2. Suppression of true figures and rendering of false figures to the official handicappers. 3. The use of obscene language on the track. 4. Swearing at other competitors and at race officials. GENERAL RULES. A. Any amateur wilfully competing at races not held under the rules of the Board, or rules approved by the Board, or who shall enter a Class A event In violation of rules governing same, shall be liable to suspension from the race track for such a time as the Racing Board may determine; and amateurs are notified that to compete against any rider who has been suspended will render them liable to the same penalty. Any person under suspension who shall enter or compete in any race in public, or for a prize, shall be liable to further suspension, for such contempt of rules, at the discretion of the National Racing Board. B, Promoters of race meets must in all cases apply to the member of the National Racing Board in charge of the District in which the event or events are to be run, for official sanction. If it shall appear that there will be a confliction of dates and interests, the first applica- tion under this rule shall have precedence, to be decided by said mem- ber of the Board, and notice of such race meet or event must be for- warded to the Chairman of the National Board by the members in charge. All other conditions being equal, the preference shall be given to the League club. State division meets shall in all cases be granted sanctions, upon filing application at least thirty days prior to holding of same. In event of the holder of a sanction finding it impossible to secure a track for date of same, sanction may be withdrawn and awarded to some other club or person. Athletic clubs shall, in all cases, be granted a sanction, where but two cycling events are to be run in connection with a general athletic 46 BICYCLE RACING RULES. programme. Where it is desired to hold more than two events the rule regarding conflictions shall apply. Any amateur competing at a race meet or event, not thus omcially sanctioned, shall be suspended at the option of the Board. C. The Racing Board will receive and pass upon all claims for record.s, either competition or time. The standard table of recognized records shall be M, H, H, %, H^ 1 mile and all even miles upward ; no intermediate distances. Competition record must be made at an open meeting. Records against time may be made at an open meeting, or in private, and may be made with or without pacemakers. Records made at pri- vate trials will only be allowed, if at least two weeks' notice has been given the chairman of the Board that such attempts are to be made. The referee of such trials shall be a properly accredited representative of the L. A. W., appointed by the chairman upon application, and there shall be at least twelve witnesses present, to attest to the correctness of the record. Claimants must furnish a statement from the judges and time- keepers, together with a SAVorn statement from a competent surveyor, certifying the measurement of the track. When a claim for a record has been proved to the satisfaction of the Board, the record shall be published in the official organ, and stand as record on the books of the Board. No claim for record made at a meeting not governed by League rules will be considered. No claim for record made on the Lord's day will be considered. The Board will enter no competition record on its books that is not made at an open meeting of which at least one week's notice has been given. A competition record must be made in a race between men. No records, made with the assistance of other than recognized cycling machines, propelled by man power, will be accepted. D. Tracks shall be measured on a line drawn eighteen inches out from a well-defined, fixed and continuous inner curb or pole, and no record shall be allowed on a track otherwise measured. E. The Board reserves the right to exclude from the racing path any and all machines which, in its Judgment, do not come within the com- monly accepted meaning of the terms " bicycle '' and "tricycle," either by peculiarity of construction or by undoubted mechanical advantages which they may possess. F.— 1. The National L. A. W. championship events shall be as follows: One-quarter, one-half, one mile, two mile and five mile "safety" bicycle. 2. Each L. A. W. Division may contest under the supervision of its Division Racing Board, events to be known as Division Cliampionships. These may be corresponding to the National Championships, or other- wise, as each Division Racing Board may decide. No prizes except medals, suitably inscribed, shall be given to, or received by any cyclist competing in Division championships. BICYCLE RACING RULES. 47 The Chairman of tlie National Racing Board sliall have power to appoint Division Racing Boards, and fill vacancies therein, when not provided for iu a Division's constitution or by-laws. Each Division Racing Board shall have entire charge of all matters pertaining to the running of the championships of its Division. The Division cham- pionships shall be contested at such place or places as the Division I acingBoard may determine, but shall be assigned only to League clubs. Division championships are open to any League member of Class A residing in the Division. 3. The National championships shall be contested annually between July 15th and October 15th, at such place as the Racing Board may determine. National championships are open to all amateur wheelmen of Class A and Class B, resident of the United States, and the trophies for National championships shall be medals to cost in no case more than Fifty dol- lars per set of three (gold, silver and bronze respectively), to become the property of the winners, and to be struck from dies owned by the League. 5. The Racing Board shall give at least thirty days' notice of the location and date of the National championships. Division Racing Boards shall, within their own division, give at least fourteen days' notice of the location and date of the Division championships; and no confliction of dates will be allowed, provided, however, that in case such notice has been properly given, and it is found necessary for good reasons to postpone to some date within fourteen days of the original date, the first no ice will be considered sufficient under this rule . No city or county championship .shall be granted unless approved by the Division Board. 6. Privilege fo hold State championships in states where no Division of the League has been formed may be granted to clubs or authorized associations, where the importance of the meeting is sufficient to war. rant the Racing Board's special sanction. G. — 1. The Board shall appoint seven or more League handicappers, giving to each a special district at its discretion, who shall, for a stated fee, attend to the classification and handicapping of racing men . Classifications shall be based upon the actual time made by the man entering, for the distance of the class race under consideration (see Rule 28). Handicaps shall be based on the ability as well as record of the contestants. Handicaps shall be framed and the men classified before the day of the race, shall appear on the programme, and shall not be changed during that day's meeting. 2. Entries to handicap and class races sball close seven days prior to contest to allow time for proper investigation. All entries must be accompanied by a statement of best two performances, and all entries not so accompanied shall be thrown out by the handicapper. 3. Entrance fee to all races must in all cases be paid iu advance, and failure to so pay shall be sufficient reason for disqualification by the Executive Board of the race meet. 48 BICYCLE RACrNG RULBS. Providing a contestant shall have ridden and won a prize, and for any reason his fees shall not have been paid or collected, he shall be given thirty days in which to pay same, and at the expiration of that time the management of the races may sell said prizes for its own acconnt, and the contestant shall forfeit all claims to same. 5 Promoters of races must send to tlie official handicapper of the district in which the races are to be held a complete list of entries, accompanied by entry blanks in all handicap and class races, not later than five days previous to tlie date of races. Any contestant in a handicap or class race, not handicapped or classified by the district handicapper, shall be liable to suspension from the race track for such a time as the Racing Board may determine, except that in closed club or school races, the captain of such club or school may do the handi- capping. All entry blanks shall become the property of the League, and shall be in charge of the district handicappers. Promoters of race meeting shall send to the official handicapper of their races, and to the member of the Racing Board granting sanction for same, within one week after a race meeting, an official programme of the meet, giving the times and of the first and second man in each event. Failure to comply with this rule will result in refusal of further sanctions. Programmes shall show the address, city and state of each rider, and shall state which events are for Class A or Class B riders. A caution shall appear on programme to the following eCTect: " Notice to Riders.— All races on this programme are limited as follows: Class A — Riders that reside in this state or live within 200 miles of place of meet, and the prizes for which do not exceed $50. Class B— Such races that have prizes exceeding $50 in value, and open to any amateur rider, under Class B definition, according to L. A. W. rules.'' Riders are cautioned that to ride in Class B races or to violate any clause of Class A, will make them ineligible to future events in Class A. The value of each prize shall appear, and where a value is brought into dispute, the retail price of same shall govern the settlement. Race promoters shall not advertise the intended presence of any racing man, Tinless a notice in writing to that eflect is in their posses- sion, signed by the man advertiseu. No further sanctions shall be granted to any meet promoter evading tiiese rules. An obligation rests on racing men to appear at race meets, where definite promises have been given to do so. Any racing man after having given such promise, and failing to give notice within at least two weeks previous to the holding of meet for which he is advertised, to the managers thereof that he will not be present, shall be suspended from all track racing for a period to be determined by the chairman of Racing Board. BICYCLE RACING RULES. 49 6. A fee of twenty-fire cents may be charged for each handicap, and ten cents for each classified entry, to be paid by the club or promoters of the race meeting for which the handicapping and classifying is done. 7. No open betting shall be permitted. The officials of a race meeting (see Rule 2) shall not bet upon the results of any race. Officials found guilty of violating this rule shall be debarred from holding official positions at race meetings for such time as the Racing Board may determine. TRACK RULES. 1. Entries and awards in amateur events shall be confined strictly to amateurs, as defined by the two-class amateur rule of the L. A W., and persons entering for these races who are not members of cycle or other athletic clubs whose rules of membership exclude professionals, must satisfy the Executive Board that they are not professionals, either by their own statements in writing or otherwise. 2. The officers of all race meetings and cycling events shall be a referee, who must be an amateur wheelman, three judges at the finish, three time-keepers, one starter, one clerk of the course with assistants if necessary, and one umpire for each turn in the track, or more, at option of the referee. The referee, judges, and clerk of the course shall constitute the Executive Board. 3. The referee shall have general supervision of the race meeting. He shall give judgments on protests received by him ; shall decide all questions or objections respecting foul riding or offences which he may be personally cognizant of, or which may be brought to his atten- tion by an umpire or other officers. He shall act as he may think for the best in cases of misconduct by attendants, and shall disqualify any. competitor for the event, day or meet, who may become liable to dis- qualification. He shall decide all questions whose settlement is not otherwise provided for in these rules. His decision in all cases shall be final, providing his decision does not conflict with any of these racing rules, in which case a protest must be made, prizes held and an appeal made to the Racing Board. 4. The judges shall decide the positions of the men at the finish. In case of disagreement, the majority shall decide. Their decision shall be final and without appeal. 5. The time keepers shall compare watches before the races are started, and shall note any variance; they shall each time, every event, and in case of disagreement the intermediate time of the three watches shall be the official time. Time shall be taken from the flash of a pistol. In case two watches of the three mark the same time, that shall be the official time. 6. The scorer shall record the laps made by each competitor, the order of the men at the finish as given him by the judges, and the time 50 BICYCLE RACING RULES. as given liira by the timekeepers. He shall indicate the commence- ment of the last lap by ringing a bell as the riders pass over the mark for the final lap. 7. It shall be the duty of the starter, when it has been i eported to him by the clerk of the course that all the competitors are ready, to see that the time-keepers are warned, and before starting the men to say, " Mount " ; in a few seconds after to say, " Are the timers ready? Are the starters ready?" and if no reply to the contrary be given, to effect the start by report of a pistol. Should the pistol miss fire, the start may be made by the word "Go,'' The starter shall announce to the com- petitors the distance which they are to ride. The starter may, at his discretion, put back for a distance any competitor starting before the signal is given. In case of a false start, the competitors shall be called back by the starter by the ringing of a bell and re-started. Any competitor refusing to obey shall at once be disqualified. In handicap events the starter shall post a man one hundred feet in front of the limit man, and in case of false starts the man so placed shall drop a flag at a signal from the starter, agreed on before the race is run. In case of a fall within thirty feet of the scratch line, the contestants shall be recalled by the starter by the ringing of a bell and the race started over again. 8. The clerk of the course shall call competitors in ample time for each event, and see that they are provided with numbers properly worn. He shall report the contestants to the scorers, see that they are on their appointed marks, and call their numbers for the scorers as thpy cross the line at the end of each lap. 9. IL shall be the duty of an umpire to stand at such part of the field as the referee may direct, to watch closely the riding and immediately after each race to report to the referee any competitor or competitors wliose riding he may consider unfair, to the end that the referee, before making any decision, may be credibly informed by an ofllcial as to the facts 10. It shall be the duty of the Executive Board to pass upon any ques- tionable entry, and they shall have the power to make any alteration in the programme that they may deem necessary or to disqualify intend- ing competitors without any protests being lodged by another com- petitor. 11. No persons whatsoever shall be allowed inside the track except the officials of the meet. The handicapper of the meet shall at all times, however, have track privileges. Authorized persons shall wear a badge. Competitors or pacemakers not engaged in a race actually tak- ing place shall not be allowed inside or on the track. No one shall be allowed to " coach " competitors on the track. 12. Any competitor making a false entry shall be disqualified and debarred from any place or prize, and will be liable to suspension from BICYCLE RACING RULES. 51 the race tracks. The liability of all entry blanks us made tut, s'lall rest upon the contestant for whom it is sent in, whether personally tilled out or otherwise. Any competitor in a Class A race w^ho neglects to give his legal resi- dence or who gives other than his legal residence as such, shall be con- sidered to have made a false entry and will be subject to the penalty for false entries, 13. Choice or change of machine and choice of cost shall not be limited, except that shirt shall not bare shoulder, and breeches must extend to the knee. Referee must insist on the enforcement of this ruie. Riders may register with the chairman of the Racing Board, colors to be worn by them in cycle races, in sending applications for same, the combination, or way in which colors are to be worn, must be given. The colors selected will be entered and published as assigned to the party making application, ^ind all suitsequent applicants for same will be notified to select some other combination. In races distinctly stated on the programme of events to be for a particular class of machine, this rule shall not apply so far as clioice and change of machine are concerned. Safety bicycle races shall be limited to machines whose driving wheel does not exceed thirty -six inches in diameter. " Ordinary " bicyc'es and " safety " or " tandem '' safety bicycles, shall not be ridden in the same race except by per- mission of the chairman of the Racing Board. Race promoters desir- ing to bar out a certain type or style of machine must give notice of such intention on both entry blank and programme, in order that racing men muy understand the conditions under which they are to compete. 14. Every competitor will receive, in the dressing room, a number corresponding to his number on the programme, which must be worn on his back or right shoulder, during the race. He shall inform himself of the times at which he must compete, and await the call of the clerk in the dressing room. 15. The drawing for positions in each event shall be done by the pro- moters of the meeting, and the positions of tlie men shall appear on the programme. When it becomes necessary to draw for positions of the grounds, the work shall be done by the clerk and starter in con- junction. In heat races, the winner of the first heat shall take the pole in the next succeeding heat. When races are run in heats and a final, the winner of the fastest heat shall take the pole in the final. Only the winners of positions in the trial heat shall compete in the final. 16. All starts shall be from the inside of the track, and, except in a fiying start event, shall be from a standstill, with the left hand towards the curb, and the machines shall be held in position by an attendant (the front wheel touching the starting line) until the signal is given by starter. Attendants, when pusliing ofT competito s, must keep behind 52 BICYCLE KACING RULES. the mark from which the competitor actually starts. Should any part of the attendant's body touch the track in front of the mark, the com- petitor may be disqualified. Any competitor shall be at liberty, with the consent of the referee, to start from a mark behind the one allotted him in the race, but in such a case, as in all others, the point of con- tact of the front wheel of the machine with the ground shall be con- sidered the starting mark, and the same rule shall apply, 17. The finish of all races shall be judged by the first part of the front wheel which touches the tape fastened flat on the ground at the winning post. 18. Riders shall pass on the outside (unless the man passed be dis- mounted) and must be at least a clear length of the cycle in front before taking the inside. The inside man must allow room for his competitor to pass on the outside. A competitor overtaking another may pass between him and the pole if there be ample room, but lie does so at his own risk, and should a foul be claimed, the referee must decide whether the rider was Justified in his course. Riders are cautioned that they must not pass Inside, except as a last resort. 19. Any competitor guilty of foul riding shall be disqualified, and debarred from any place or prize and will be liable to suspension from the race tracks. 20. Any protest against a competitor respecting his qualification as ail amateur or as to his proper class, must be lodged with the referee before starting; and any protest respecting foul riding or breach of rules must be made to the referee immediately after the heat is finished. A competitor, upon being disqualified, shall forfeit any entry fee he may have paid, 21. Competitors may dismount during a race at their pleasure, and may run with their cycles if they wish to, but they must keep to the extreme outside of the path whenever dismounted. If a rider be dis- mounted by accident or to change his machine, an attendant may hold his machine while he mounts it, and he shall so mount at the extreme outside of the path. 22. Any wheelman found guilty of unfair dealing in connection Avith cycle racing, or of ungentlemauly conduct on the race track, shall be suspended from the race tracks for such a time as may be deemed pro- portionate to the ofl'ence. (See Clause D, Section 7, Article IV, of By-Laws, page 10 of rules.) 23. The referee may place a time limit on any race. The time limit shall not be announced to the contestants, until their arrival at the tape preparatory to the start of the race. If the competitors finish within the limit they shall receive the prizes. If they fall to so finish, and the referee is convinced by their riding and the time that they endeavored to reach the limit, he may award the prizes. It shall be his privilege to withhold any prize, if in his opinion any competitor did not try to win the race. Bicycle racing rules. 53 24. In order to secure a special prize offered for the fastest time made at a stated distance, the successful competitor must have ridden the entire distance of theTace in which he makes his record. 25. If, in any race, by reason of accident or withdrawal, only one contestant remains upon the track, the referee may call such contestant from the track and award him the first prize. If a competitor in a race for any distance not exceeding three miles, shall fall behind a quarter of a mile or if he shall fall behind half a mile, in a race of any greater length, he shall be adjudged distanced by the referee, and shall be called from the track. Pacing, if attempted, shall disqualify both the com. petitorand pacemaker. A general pacemaker may be put in any race by the race promoter, having previously notified the referee of the fact. He shall assist no single rider, but shall act to increase the speed of the race in general. He shall be entitled to any place or prize he may win, may be rewarded by a special prize within the limits of his class, but cannot accept a cash remuneration. 26. The officers of a race meeting (see Rule 2) shall not be permitted to compete in any race at a race meeting with which they are officially connected. The handicapper shall not be permitted to compete in any race with which he is officially connected. 37. A novice race is open only to those who have never won a prize In a track race, and shaU be the first race of the meet. 28. A class race is only open to those who, up to date of the closing of entries, have not won the first position in a tmck race or trial heal In the same or better time than the class under consideration. 29. In a lap race, the position of the first three men shall be taken at the finish of every lap. The first man shall score three points, the second man shall score two points, the third man shall score one point, and no others shall score. The contestant who crosses the line first at the finish shall for that lap score four points. The competitor who scores the greatest number of points, shall be declared the winner; but any contestant, in order to secure a prize, must ride the entire dis- tance and be within 150 yards of the finish when the first man crosses the tape at the end of the last lap. Any competitor failing to comply with this rule shall be disqualified. 30. In a team race the position of the first number of men correspond- ing to the number of teams starting shall be taken at the end of each lap. The first man shall count a number of points equal to the number of teams starting, the second one less, and so on. On the final lap the first man shall be credited with one extra point and the others as above. The team scoring the greatest number of points shall be declared the winner. A team shall be limited to three riders, each of whom shall have been ^^ BICYCLE RACING RULES. a member of the club entering the team for at least three months nre- viousto date of event. Each team member must also haTe re ided withm five miles of the city or town where the club has its head quarters for at least six months previous to the date of contest 31 The contestants in the run-and-ride shall be started on foot in the ranTdi"''' "r ^^^^^^^^ ^'^^" '^^ ^^^^-ned on the trackatthe mount- ing and dismounting stations, who shall take account of the fairness of mounting and dismounting. Mounting before reaching, or d smount uT^i^T'T'T^' '''"'' '' '"^'''"^ ^^"^^ ^- ^-^-^"- tlTe^ntlerace'"^ ''''''' '^^'' ^' "°'-'^"^'^"" °^ '''' ^^^^^^^^ «f JL^y^?\ '*''' '''' P"'*"^'' ^^ ^^^^^ ^i^e^ "^««t be taken at the finish Of each heat. The first man shall count a number equal to that he t hiM two r '" T '''' '"'*' ''^ ^^^^"^ ^^^° «^^" «^-^t one less, the third two less, and so on. The competitor who scores the greates number of points shall be declared the winner 33. Entries in a consolation race shall be limited to those who have wonnopnzeinanyeventof the meeting; provided, however, if onl/a Z nn.T' "" ^'T '"^ '"' '"^^ '""''^ "^^^^^^« «f the Winning team Shall not be considered to have won a prize and shall be eligible to the consolation race. 34 Any Club or race promoters desiring to place upon their list of events a race of different nomenclature than those given above, must first explain the nature of the event to the chairman of the National Racmg Board and obtain his consent. The consent having been obtained, they shall print upon the entry blank and the programme of the day, a rule to define the race, that the officials and contestants may clearly understand the conditions of the contest 35^ Any attendant, trainer or manager who shall, in the Judgment of the Racing Board, by reason of unfair conduct, coaching, blackmailing schemes, attempts to extort money from race promoters, or other ungeutlemanly action detrimental to the amateur racing interests of the League, may by a majority vote of the Racing Board, be ruled oif the race tracks and prohilnted from exercising his vocation, or appear- ing on the track at any race meet held under these rules, for such a tirne as the Board may determine. Violation of this rule will result in withdrawal of smction privileges from promoters permitting such infringement, and suspension from racing of racing man accepting service from such attendant during suspension. 36. Ignorance of any of the foregoing rules will not be considered a valid excuse for violation. A printed copy of the above rules may be had of any member of the Racing Board by inclosing a stamp for return postage. Corj^clitioiis c^f S£ir\ction» As Adopted by the Racing Board of the L. A. W., 1894. Proarr">mmos must contain a notice similar to the foUowlng: Held under sanction of Li. A. W. Racing Board andL. A. V/. Rules. An obligation rests on the recipient of this sanction, to mall at the conclusion of the meet for which it is granted, u. copy of the programme with the name of each starter in each race checked, to the member of the Kacing Board granting same. No further sanctions will he granted unless this is do7ie at once. The racing men are divided in two classes. Class A, men who ride only in their own state or 200 miles from their legal residence, and for prizes not exceeding $50 in value, which must consist of medals, diplomas, plate, jewelry and cycle sundries only, and who are not allowed any expenses whatever, or payment from manufacturers. Class B.— Includes all men, other than the above, but who have not been declared professionals. A list of Class B, men may always be found in the last issue of the Official League paper, and should be referred to before programme is made up. A Class B rider may not compete for a prize value of over $150, unless special permission for greater prize values has been given to this meet. A Class A, rider must hold a special permit to ride outside the two hundred mile limit and exhibit same to be allowed to ride. The legal residence, city and state of each rider must appear on programme. The following explanation must appear on programme, ajid entrp blank. Notice to Riders. All races on this programme are limited as follows: Class A.— Riders that reside in this state or live within 200 miles of place of meet, and the prizes for which do not exceed $50. Class B — Such races that have prizes exceed- ing $50 in value, and open to any rider, under Class B defini- tion, according to L. A. W. rules. Riders are cautioned that to ride in Class B or to violate any clause of Class A will make them inelligible to future events in Class A. Note. As the racing men will be punished for promising to ride at a meet and then failing to appear, without good reason, yo?i as a race promoter are requested to refrain from advertising any man until you have his bona fide entry or his promise in writing to be present. Law^s ok Bowls. -^ A RINK. 1. When two, three, four, or any number of players, not ex- ceeding eight, form sides and commence a game, they make what is called a rink. Eight players, that is four on each side, make a complete rink, and are classed as leaders, second and third players, and drivers. Each player plays two bowls, so that when a rink is complete sixteen bowls are played in all . In the absence of one player, his side is permitted to play his bowls, which are called '"odd." A toss up decides which party is to play first. One bowl of each side is played alternately. The space or division of the green is also commonly called a rink, 2. The number of players in a rink is not to exceed eight. When there are four players in a side, the last part>' admitted to play second or third, as his driver may direct; but the leaders and drivers retain their position until the game is finished. LEADERS. 3. The first player, or leader, to place the cloth and throw the jack. Before throwing the jack, he shall announce to the driver the result of the last end or state of the game, as in- structed, and shall alse be guided by him as to where to throw the jack. DRIVERS. 4. Drivers shall have the sole charge of their respective rinks, and their instructions shall be implicitly obeyed by the other players. They may appoint substitutes to direct when they play themselves. They should be judges of all disputed points, and, if agreeing, their decision is final ; if not, the matter to OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 57 i>e decided by an umpire appointed by them. No person should direct except the drivers and their substitutes, altliough the players on tlie same side may consult with or advise them. As soon as a bowl is greened, the driver must retire two yards at least from the jack, in order that the opposing party may witness the effects of the play. The second players should mark the game as called out by the leaders. SPACE. 5. Previous to beginning a match game, the numbers of each mioccupied space should be put into a bag and one drawn out , within the limits of which the play of the party or rink must be confined, unless otherwise agreed upon. Promiscuous games may be played without having recourse to drawing, but the play in like "manner must be limited to the space. POINTS. 6. An ordinary game shall consist of nine points, competition games, of 25 points ; but general match games may be deter- mined either by number or time, as agreed upon. When more than one rink is engaged in the same match, the points of each to be added together, and the gross number to decide the contest. PLACING THE MAT. 7. The mat should not be moved from the place where it has been properly put at the beginning of the game ; and if moved by accident; it should be at once replaced. When playing, the player should have at least one foot on the mat. THROWING THE JACK. 8. The throwing of the jack and playing first to be decided by toss-up or ballot, subsequently to be thrown by the leader of the side which secures the last head. If not thrown 20 yards, or if it run into the ditch after the tlrst end, the oppo- site party to have the privilege of throwing it anew, but not of playing first. If it run within a yard of the ditch, it may be moved from one to two yards from it by either party. If it run too near the side of the space, it must be moved to a suf- ticient distance to allow both fore and back hand play. 58 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. OKDER OF PLAY. 9. Whicn side is to play first is usually decided by a toss-up The two leaders bowl about until all their bowls are played. I he second players follow, playing- all theirs, and so on. While the play is going on, the drivers should stand at the jack, for the purpose of directing the players on their side, until their own turn of play arrives. MARKING THE GAME. 10. After the whole of the bowls have been played, the side having the nearest bowl to the jack counts one for each of whatever bowls they may have nearer to the jack than the nearest bowl of the other side. 11. The jack, after being once played to, except when in the ditch, is not to be touched cr interfered with in any manner, otherwise than by the effects of the play, until the game is counted and both parties are satisfied. 12. When the jack is run into the ditch by a bowl in the reg- ular course of the game, the place where it rests should be marked, and the jack may be placed on the edge of the green, so that the succeeding players may see where to play to. It must, however, be returned to its place in the ditch immedi- ately on their bowl being played, so that it may be liable to be acted on by any toucher that may be driven into the ditch. Should the jack be run against the bank, and rebound on to the green by the effect of the play, it is to be played to the same as if it had not touohed the bank. THE JACK "BURNED." 13. When the jack or bowls are interfered with or displaced, otherwise than by the effects of the play, they are said to be "burned." When the jack is burned by a neutral party the end must be begun afresh. If burned by any of the players, the opposing party to have the option of playing out the end or beginning anew. BOWLS. 14. Bowls are made of lignum vitae, and at a match must not exceed 16% inches in circumference, nt)r be loaded in any man- OFFICIAL SPORT INa IIULES. 59 ner. In running, they ought to have a bias of at least one yard in thirty on an ordinary green. DITCHES. 15. A bowl which runs off the green, or is driven off it by the effects of the play, and which has not previously touched the jack, is called a " ditcher" and must be immediately removed to the bank. Should a ditcher under any circumstances return to the green it must be removed. TOUCFIEKS. 16. A Vjowl which on being played touches the jack is called a " toucher," and counts the same as any other bowl, wherever it may rest. A bowl which, after it stops running, falls over and touches the jack, is not to be reckoned a toucher if another bowl has been played. Touchers ought to be distinguished by a chalk or other mark. TOUCHERS IN THE DITCH. 17. A toucher in the ditch should have the place where it rests marked, so that, if accidentally burned or shifted by a ditcher, it can be replaced. A toucher in the ditch can only be interfered with by another toucher. "BURNED" BOWLS. 18. If a bowl, while running, is accidentally "burned" by another party, or by an opponent, it shall be in the option of the party playing to let it rest or play it over again. If " burned " by his own side, it may be put off the green. When a bowl while at rest is *' burned " by the side to which it belongs, it may be removed from the green, If " burned " by a neutral party or by an opponent, it is to be replaced as near to its original position as possible. 19. No party to play until his opponent's bowl has ceased to run. A bowl so played may be stopped, and caused to be played again. BOWLS COMING TO REST. 20. After the last bov/1 of an end stops running, a half min- ute to be allowed, if required, before counting the game. 60 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. PLAYING BY MISTAKE. 21. When a bowl is played by mistake, if belonging to the opposite side, it is to be replaced by the player's own bowl. If belonging to the players's side it must remain. PLAYING OUT OF ORDEK. 22. If a bowl is played out of turn, the opponents may stop the bowl, allow it to remain where it rests, or cause it to be played over again in its proper order. If it has moved either jack or bowls, the opponents to have power to cause the end to be begun anew. A bowl not played in order cannot after- wards be played if the second succeeding bowl has been greened. CHANGING BOWLS. 23. No player to change his bowls during the game without permission from the opposite side. ODD BOWLS. 24. When the sides of a rink are unequal in number, they are to be balanced by the deficient party playing odd bowls. When the side playing the odd bowls consists of two or more, the first and second players each to play one of them. 25. Under no circumstances is a cap or other object to be laid on the green, or placed on a bowl or the jack; but a cap or any other object may be held over one or the other, or in front of either, for the guidance of the player. EESULT OF EACH END. 26. After an end is played, neither jack nor bowls to be touched until both sides are satisfied. When two or more bowls are touching each other, they are not to be disturbed < r removed until the result of the end is declared. When apart, each bowl may be removed and counted as soon as it is admit- ted to be a shot by the losing side. No measuring allowed during the playing of an end. ONLOOKERS. 27. All players, while looking on, to stand jack high at least, and, unless acting as directors, not within three yards of the jack. offictatj sporting rules. 61 28. Many of the preceding rules have no penalties attached to them, and all are framed on the understanding that none of them will be wilfully violated. When any of them are violated that have penalties annexed, the penalty cannot be enforced after the next played bowl has stopped. RUI^KS FOR SKITTLKS. 1. That all pins be knocked down, but should one remain standing it shall be considered an extra " go." 2. That if a pin be hit off the frame, and still stands up, it shall be considered " down ; " but if any part of the pin touch the frame it shall be an " up " pin. 3. That should the ball rebound from the sides or back of the ground, and knock down a pin, it shall be considered foul, and must be set up again. If a pin, however, be hit by che play of the ball, it shall considered fair. 4. That if a pin falls and rests upon two pins (or ball and pin), it shall be considered '• down ; " but if resting on one pin only, as an "up" pin. 5. That all wood lying behind the centre corners of the frame, if no part lie over the frame may be removed at the option of either of the players. 6. That the number of goes be limited to five. 7. That all ties be decided by the first throw. Rules of tbe kmtric^D Amiitcur Bowliojf Union of tbe United J^taites. (Adopted September 10, 1SD2.) 1. These rules shall be known as the Rules of the American Ama- teur Bowling" Union. 2. The game to be played shall be the American Ten Frame Game, and shall be played on a regulation alley with reg'ulation pins and balls. 3. A regulation alley shall not be less than forty-one and shall not exceed fort-two inches in width, and shall have a run, back of the foul line, of at least fifteen feet. The spots on the alley shall be twelve inches apart from centre to centre. The gutters shall incline down from a point about opposite the head pin to the pit, so that the gutter, where it enters the pit, shall be at least four inches in depth below the surface of the alley. The pit shall be at least ten inches in depth below the surface of the alley. No cushions shall be attached to the partitions between, or at the sides of the alleys or gutters, at any point opposite the pins; but the partitions may be covered with one layer of leather, only, not exceeding one-half an inch in thick- ness. The outside of the said covering shall not be less than twelve inches from the centre of the nearest corner pin spot. 4. A regulation pin shall be fifteen inches in height, two-and-a- quarter inches in diameter at the bottom, fifteen inches in circum- ference at the body or thick(;t part (four-and-a-half inches from the bottom), five inches in circumference at the neck (ten inches from the bottom), and seven-and-three-quarters inches in circumference at the thickest part of the head (thirteen-and-a-half inches from the bottom.) 5. A regulation bail shall not exceed twenty-seven inches in cir- cumference. 6. In the playing of match games a line shall be drawn across the alleys and gutters, and continued upward at rig-ht angles at each OFFICIAL SPORTING ROLES. 63 end, if possible, the centre point of which line on the alley shall be sixty feet from tlie centre of the head-pin spot. 7. Match games shall be called at eight o'clock p.m., and must be started at or before 8.33 p. M. Should either club fail to produce any of its men at the latter hour the captain of the team present may claim the game. 8. In match games an equal number of men from each club shall constitute the teams. In case a club shall not be able to produce a fall team, it may play, but the opposing club may play its full team if present. 9. In playing, two alleys only shall be used; the players of the con- testing teams to roll successively, and but one frame at a time, and to change alleys each frame. The game shall consist of ten frames on each side. All strikes and spares made in the tenth frame shall be rolled off before leaving the alley, and on the same alley as made. Should there be a tie at the end of the tenth frame, play shall con- tinue upon the same alley until a majority of points upon an equal number of frames shall be attained, which shall conclude the game. 10. Players must play in regular rotation, a,nd after the first frame no changes shall be made in players of their position unless with the consent of the captains. 11. A player in delivering a ball must not step on or over the line, nor allow any part of his body to touch on or beyond the line, nor any portion of bis foot to project over the line, while at rest, until after the ball has reached the pins. Any ball so delivered shall be deemed foul, and the pins made on such ball, if any, shall be respot- ted. Should any ball delivered leave the alley before reaching the pins, or any ball rebound from the back cushion, the pins, if any, made on such balls shall not count, but must be respotted. All such balls to count as balls rolled. Pins knocked down by pin or pins rebounding from the side or back cushion shall count as pins down . 12. The deadwood must bo removed from the alley after each ball rolled. Should any pins fall in removing the deadwood, such pins must be respotted. 13. In all match games two umpires shall be selected by the captains of the competing teams, to be stationed at the points and to respectively perform the duties they may agree upon, 14. In all match games there shall be two scorers appointed, one by the captain of each team, whose duty it shall be to keep a correct G4. OFFICIAL SPORTING EULES. record of the gauie, aiul at the conclusion thereof sign theirnames to the score. 15. The umpire sliall tal^e great care that the regulations respect- ing the balls, alleys, pins and all the rules of the game are strictly observed. They shall be the judges of fair and unfair play at their respective stations, and shall determine all disputes and differences which may occur during the game. They shall take special care to declare all foul balls immediately upon their delivery, unasked, and in a distinct and audible voice. They shall in every instance, before leaving the alley, declare the winning club and sign their names to the scores. The decision of either of the umpire, respecting matters at their stations, shall in all cases be final. 16. Neither umpires nor scorers shall be changed during a match game, unless with the consent of the captains of the teams. 17. No person engaged in a match game as umpire or scorer shall be directly or indirectly interested in any bet upon the game. BOXING RULES OF THE AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION 1. In all open competitions the ring shall not be less than 16 feet or more than 24 feet square, and shall be formed of 8 stakes and ropes, the latter extending in double lines, the uppermost line four feet from the floor and the lower line two feet from the floor. 2. Competitors to Box in regulation athletic costume, in shoes without spikes, or in socks, and to use boxing gloves of not more than 8 ounces in weight. 8 Weights to be : Bantam, 105 lbs. and under; Feather, 115 lbs. and under; Light, 135 lbs. and under; Middle, 158 lbs. and under; Heavy Weight, 158 lbs. and over. 4. Any athlete who weighs in and then fails to com- pete, without an excuse satisfactory to the Games Committee, shall be suspended for six months. 5. In all open competitions the result shall be decided by two judges with a referee. A time-keeper shall be appointed. 6. In all competitions the number of rounds to be con- tested shall be three. The duration of rounds in the trial bout shall be limited to three minutes each. In the ''finals,' the first two rounds will be three minutes each, and the final round four minutes. The interval between each round shall be one minute. f OFFICIAL SPOETING RULES. 7. In all competitions, any competitor failing to come up when time is called shall lose the bout. 8. Immediately before tlie competition each compet- itor shall draw his number and compete as follows : To have a preliminary round of as many contests as the total number of contestants esceeds2, 4, 8, 16 or 32, and drop the losers. This leaves in 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32 contes- tants, and the rounds then proceed regularly with no byes or uneven contests. 9. Each competitor shall be entitled to the assistance of one second only, and no advice or coaching shall be given to any competitor by his second, or by any other person during the progress of any round. 10. The manner of judging shall be as follows: The two judges and referee shall be stationed apart. At the end of each bout, each judge shall write the name of the competitor who in his opinion has won, and shall hand the same to the announcer (or master of ceremonies). In case the judges agree, the master of ceremonies shall announce the name of the winner, but in cases where the judges disagree, the master of ceremonies shall so inform the referee, who shall thereupon himself decide. It. The referee shall have power to give his casting vote when the judges disagree to caution or disqualify a competitor for infringing rules, or to stop a round in the event of either man being knocked down, providing that the stopping of either of the first two rounds shall not disqualify any competitor from competing in the final round to decide the competition in the event of either man showing so marked a superiority over the other that a continuation of the contest would serve only to show the loser's ability to take punishment. And the referee can order a further round, limited to two m nutes, in the event of the judges disagreeing. 12. The decision of the judges or referee, as the case may be, shall be final. OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 67 13. In all competitions the decision shall be given in favor of the competitor who displays the best style, and obtains the greatest number of points. The points shall be : For attack, direct clean hits with the knuckles of either hand, on any part of the front or sides of the head, or body above the belt ; defense, guarding, slip- ping, ducking, counter-hitting or getting away. Where points are otherwise equal, consideration to be given the man who does most of the leading off. 14. The referee may disqualify a competitor who is boxing unfairly, by flicking or hitting with the open glove, by hitting with the inside or butt of the hand, the wrist or elbow, hitting or catching hold below the waist, or hitting when down (one knee and one hand or both knees on the floor), butting with the head or shoulder, wrestWng or roughing at the ropes, using offensive and scurrilous language, or not obeying the orders of the referee. 15. All competitors who have been beaten by the winner shall be entitled to qompete for second place, and all who have been beaten by ttie winners of either first or second place shall be entitled to compete for third place. 16. Any athlete who competes in a boxing contest of more than four rounds shall be suspended for such stated period as may be determined by the Board of Managers of the association of the A. A. U. in whose territory the offense was committed. 17. In the event of any question arising not provided for in these rules, the referee to have full power to decide such ques* ion or interpretation of rule. AARQai5 or QCJEEN5BCJRT RCJLE5. 1. To be a fair stand-up boxing match in a twenty-four foot ring or as near that size as practicable. 2. No wrestling or hugging allowed. 3. The rounds to be of three minutes' duration, and one min- ute time between rounds. 4. If either man fall, through weakness or otherwise, he must get up unassisted, ten seconds to be allowed him to do so, the other man meanwhile to return to his corner, and when the fallen man is on his legs the round is to be resumed and continued until the three minutes have expired. If one man fails to come to the scratch in the ten seconds allowed, it shall be in the power of the referee to give his award in favor of the other man. 5. A man hanging on the ropes in a helpless state, with his toes off the ground, shall be considered down. 6. No seconds or any other person to be allowed ir\ the ring during the rounds. 7. Should the contest be stopped by any unavoidable interfer. ence, the referee to name time and place, as soon as possible, for finishing the contest ; so that the match must be won and lost, unless the backers of both men agree to draw the stakes. 8. The gloves to be fair-sized boxing gloves of the best quality, and new. 9. Should a glove burst, or come off, it must be replaced to the referee's satisfaction. 10. A man on one knee is considered down, and if struck is entitled to the stakes. 11. No shoes or boots with springs allowed. 12. The contest in all other respects to be governed by the re vised rules of the London Prize Ring. RULES OF THE LONDON PRIZE RING. 1. The ring shall be made on turf, and shall be four-and- twenty feet square, formed of eight stakes and ropes, the latter extending in double lines, the uppermost line being four feet from the ground, and the lower two feet from the ground. In the cen- tre of the ring a mark be formed, to be termed a scratch. 2. Each man shall be attended to the ring by two seconds and a bottle-holder. The combatants, on shaking hands, shall retire until the seconds of each have tossed for choice of position, which adjusted, the winner shall choose his corner according to the state of the wind or sun, and conduct his man thereto; the loser taking the opposite diagonal corner. 3. Each man shall be provided with a handkerchief of a color suitable to his own fancy, "and the seconds shall entwine these handkerchiefs at the upper end of one of the centre stakes. These handkerchiefs shall be called "Colors," and the winner of the battle at its conclusion shall be entitled to their possession as the trophy of victory. 4. The two umpires shall be chosen by the seconds or backers to watch the progress of the battle, and take exception to any breach of the rules hereafter stated. A referee shall be chosen by the umpires, unless otherwise agreed on, to whom all disputes shall be referred ; and the decision of this referee, whatever it may be, shall be final and strictly binding on all parties, whether as to the matter in dispute or the issue of the battle. The referee shall be provided with a watch for the purpose of calling time ; the call of that referee only to be attended lo, and no other per- 70 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. son whatever shall interfere in calling time. The referee shall withhold all opinion till appealed by the umpires, and the um- pires strictly abide by his decision without dispute. 5. On the men being stripped it shall be the duty of the sec- onds to examine their drawers, and if any objection arises as to insertion of improper substances therein, they shall appeal to their umpires, who, with the concurrence of the referee, shall direct what alterations shall be made. 6. The spikes in the fighting boots shall be confined to three in number, which shall not exceed three-eighths of an inch from the sole of the boot, and shall not be less than one-eighth of an inch broad at the point ; two to be placed in the broadest part of the sole and one in the heel ; and in the event of a man wearing any other spikes, either in toes or elsewhere, he shall be compelled either to remove them or provide other boots properly spiked, the penalty for refusal to be a loss of the stakes. 7. Both men being ready, each shall be conducted to that side of the scratch next his corner previously chosen ; and the second on the one side, and the men on the other, having shaken hands the former shall immediately leave the ring, and there remain un- til the round be finished, on no pretense whatever approaching their principles during the round, without permission from the referee. The penalty to be the loss of the battle to the offending parties. 8. At the conclusion of the round when one or both of the men shall be down, the second shall step into the ring and carry or conduct their principles to his corner, there affording him the necessary assistance, and no person whatever be permitted to in- terfere in his duty. 9. On the expiration of thirty seconds the referee appointed shall cry " Time," upon which each man shall rise from the knee of his second and walk to his own side of the scratch unaided ; the seconds immediately leaving the ring. The penalty for either of them remaining eight seconds after the call of time to be the loss of the battle to his principal ; and either man failing to be at the scratch within eight seconds shall be deemed to have lost the battle. OFFICIAL SPORTING BULES. 71 10. On no consideration whatever shall any person except the seconds and the referee be permitted to enter the ring during the battle ; nor till it shall have been concluded ; and in the event of of such unfair practice, or the ropes or stakes being disturbed or removed, it shall be in the power of the referee to award the victory to that man who, in his honest opinion, shall have the best of the contest. 11. The seconds shall not interfere, advise or direct the adver- sary of their principal, and shall refrain from all offensive and ir- ratating expressions, in all respects conducting themselves with order and decorum, and confine themselves to the deligent and careful discharge of their duties to their principles. 12. In picking up their men, should the second willfully injure the antagonist of their principal, the latter shall be deemed to have forfeited the battle on the decision of the referee. 13. It shall be a fair "stand up fight," and if either men shall willfully throw himself down without receiving a blow, whether blows shall havs been preznotisly exchanged or not, he shall be deemed to have lost the battle ; but this rule shall not apply to a man who in a close slips down from the grasp of his opponent to avoid punishment, or from obvious accident or weakness. 14. Butting with the head shall be deemed foul, and the party resorting to this practice shall be deemed to have lost the battle. 15. A blow struck when a man is thrown or down shall be deemed foul. A man with one knee and one hand on the ground, or with both knees on the ground, shall be deemed down ; and a blow given in either of these positions shall be considered foul, providing always that, when in such position, the man so down shall not himself strike, or attempt to strike. 16. A blow struck below the waistband shall be deemed foul, ind in a close, seizing an antagonist below the waist, by the thigh or otherwise, shall be deemed foul. 17. All attempts to inflict injury by gouging, or tearing the flesh with the fingers or nails, and biting shall be deemed foul. 18. Kicking, or deliberately falling on an antagonist with th knees or otherwise when down, shall be deemed foul. 19. All bets shall be paid as the battle money after a fight is awarded. 72 OPFICIAIi SPORTINO RULES. 20. The referee and umpires shall take their positions in Iront of the centre stake, outside the ropes. 21. Due notice shall be iiiven by the stakeholder of the day and place where the battle money is to be given up, and he be exonerated from all responsibility upon obeying the direction of the referee ; all parties be strictly bound by these rules ; and lu future, all articles of agreement for a contest be entered into with a strict and willing adherence to the letter and spirit of tnese rules. 22 In the event of magisterial of other interference, or m case of darkness coming on, the referee (or stakeholder in case no referee has been chosen) shall have the power to name the time and place for the next meeting, if possible on the same day, or as soon after as may be. In naming the second or third place the nearest spot shall be selected to the original place of fighting where there is a chance o t its being fought out. 23 Should the fight not be decided on the day all bets shall be drawn, unless the fight shall be resumed the same week, be- tween Sunday and Sunday, in which case the referee's duties shall continue and the bets shall stand and be decided by the event. The battle money shall remain in the hands of the stakeholder until fairly won or lost by a fight, unless a draw be mutually agreed upon, or, in case of a postponement, one of the principals shall be absent, when the man in the ring shall be awarded the ^ 2^* Any pugilist voluntarily quitting the ring previous to the deliberate judgment of the referee being obtained shall be deemed to have lost the fight. . 25. On an objection being made by the seconds or umpire the men shall retire to their corners, and there remain until the deci- sion of the appointed authorities shall be obtained : if pronounced -foul "the battle shall be at an end, but if "fair," " time " shall be called by the party appointed, and the man absent from the scratch in eight seconds after shall be deemed to have lost the fight. The decision in all cases to be given promptly and irrevoc- ably, for which purpose the umpires and the referee should be in. variably close together. OFFICIAL SPORTING RtTIiES. 73 26. If a man leaves the ring, either to escape punishment or tor any other purpose without the permission of the referee, un- less he is involuntarily forced out, shall forfeit the battle. 27. The use of hard substances, such as stones or sticks, or of resin in the hand during the battle shall be deemed foul, and on the requisition of the seconds of either man the accused shall open his hands for the examination of the referee. 28. Hugging on the ropes shall be deemed foul. A man held by the neck against the stakes or upon or against the ropes shall be considered down, and all interference with him in that position shall be foul. If a man in any way makes use of the ropes or stakes to aid him in squeezing his adversary he shall be deemed the loser of the battle, and if a man in C close reaches the ground with his knees his adversary shall immediately loose him or lose the battle. 29. All glove or room fights be as nearly as possible in con- formity with the foregoing rules. MOUNTED BROADSWORD RUUETS. Contestants shall be required to furnish their own horses, weapons, and equipments, and no allowance will be made for the failure to continue the contest for want of same. All contests must be fought with regulation broadswords. Contestants will toss for choice of position before the attack . When the trumpeter sounds the signal for the attack, the (•ontestants shall gallop their horses to the center and meet light hand to right hand and continue the attack on the other for a space of two minutes, which shall be considered the length of each round; referee to decide the winner of each round at the expiration of it ; nine two minute rounds shal I constitute the battle; the referee and judges shall give their decision to the contestant gaining the largest number of rounds at the conclusion of the battle. Should both contestants strike at the same time, the referee shall award the point to the contestant who, in his estimation, has delivered the most effective cut. Both contestants shall show fair and equal play. Should either keep out of the reach of the other for more than two ndnutes, the usual one minute rest will be taken, and then the judges shall draw four lines each four feet apart and on the signal of attack, each swordsman shall be required to bring his horse (within thirty seconds) to his opponent or forfeit a point. Immediate disqualification shall follow the deliberate strik- i ;ig of an opponent's horse by an opponent. One minute shall be allowed to expire between each round. Should the contestant be disabled and the judges do not consider his injuries as serious, he shall be allowed live min- utes to renew the battle, if he chooses to. A point can only be scored by a blow on the armor ; no cut on head or arms shall count. It is fair to strike an opponent anywhere above the lower part of the armor ; any cut delivered below the armor shall be considered a foul, and cause the loss of a point. Should the swordsman be unhorsed during the attack, he shall be allowed to continue on foot until round is ended, th^-n be shall be remounted and continue until contest is decided. Canoe: ^ association. K RACING REGULATIONS. H' KuiiE 1. A canoe, to compete in any race of the A.C.A., must be sharp at both ends, with no counter stern or transom, and capable of being efficiently paddled by one man, and must come within the prescribed limits, as follows: Maximum length, 16 ft., and for that length a maximum beam of 30 in. Minimum beam, 28 in. Eeam may be increased >^ in. for each full inch of length decreased. No canoe shall have a draft of more than 10 in., except the unclassified boats, to which class the limits of length and breadth only shall apply. In centreboard canoes, the keel outside of the garboard shall not exceed 1% in. in depth, including a metal keel band of not over ^ in. deep. . The centreboard must not drop more than 18 in. below the garboard, and when hauled up must not project below the keel. Canoes without centreboards may carry keels not over 3 in. deep below garboard, and not weighing more than 36 lbs. Leeboards may be carried by canoes not having centreboards. Measurement.— The length shall be taken between perpen- diculars at the fore side of stem and the aft side of stern. The beam shall be taken at the widest part, not including the bead- ing, which shall not exceed 1% in. in depth. If deeper, it shall be included in the beam. The word "beam" shall mean the breadth formed by the fair lines of the boat, and the beam at and near the water line shall bear a reasonable proportion to the beam at the gunwale. 96 OFFICIAL RPORTTXG RUIjES. The "general purpose" canoe shall be one which conforms to the above conditions, and, in addition, has a well not less than 16 in. wide for a length of 3 it. 6 in., with a sleeping space of 6 ft., of which at least 5 ft. shall be clear. There must be no projecting centreboard when housed. The sliding seat shall not be longer than the beam of the boat, and no standing sail shall be used. The Regatta Committee may rule out any canoe which, in their opinion, does not conform to the spirit of these regulations. ^ The foregoing rules of measurement shall not be interpreted to disqualify any canoe built prior to January 1, 1890, which conforms to the rules prior to that date. Rule 2. None but members of the American Canoe Associa- tion, unless upon the invitation of the Regatta Committee, shall be permitted to enter its races, and no canoe shall enter that is not enrolled on the ^Secretary's books, and no member who is in arrears to the Association shall compece in any race or claim any prize while such arrears remain unpaid. No canoe shall be entered at any one meet by more than one man. The "crew" of each canoe shall consist of one man only, unless the programme of the Regatta states the contrary. Members must paddle or sail their own canoes. A canoe Avhich is not owned or used for racing by any other member present, shall be deemed to be the canoe of the mem- ber bringing it to camp. In double canoe races, the owner may associate with any other member with himself. Rule 3. All entries must be in writing, on the blank pro- vided, and must be handed in to the Regatta Committee within such time as they may direct. Rule 4. Every canoe entering, except for an upset race, must have her entry number conspicuously placed on canoe or man when paddling, and on both sides of mainsail while sail- i ng. The clerk of the course will provide each uum, when he makes his entry, with three prints of his number on cloth. Rule 5. Flags shall be given as prizes as follows : A first prize in each race, and a second in each race, where more than two finish. The winners of the Paddling Trophy, the Sailing Trophy and the first record men shall be given large practical bunting offiotatj sporting rules. 77 flags, with the year and race plainly marked thereon, and the five best flags at the disposal of the Regatta Committee shall be given to the first five record men. Prizes donated for spe- cial races or competitions may be accepted at the discretion of the Regata Committee. No prizes of money shall be raced for. i^aces.— There shall be three record races: No. 1, paddling and sailing combined ; No. 2, paddling; No. 3, sailing. To ob- tain a place on the record, a contestant must enter and finish in all three record races. None but men who have entered for the record will be allowed to enter in any record races. Only f-uch contestants as finish in all three races will receive a credit number according to position, relative to each other in each race— the highest number given in each race being equal to the number of the contestants, the next one less, and so on ; the three numbers given added together give the credit amount of the record. In case of unavoidable accident which prevents a man from finishing in any one race, the Regatta Committee may, at its discretion, permit such canoe to enter the other two races, and her marks to be counted for the record, but he shall receive zero for the race which he does not finish. The contestant obtaining the highest aggregation of points becomes the leadincj honor man for the year. There shall be a race for the paddling trophy. The total number of contestants shall be unlimited. There shi 11 be a race for the A.C.A. sailing trophy. Conditions as follows : Sailing canoe, A.C.A. rules, no limit to rig or balast ; time limi , 3% hours ; distance, 9 miles. Accredited representatives of foreign clubs, not exceeding five in number, shall be eligible. In case of more than five foreign entries, the first five received shall be eligible to start. The total number of starters shall not exceed fifteen, and the ten or more vacancies (after deducting the foreign entries) shall be selected from competitors in the special '-Unlimited Race," as follows : The Regatta Committee shall nominate two, and the balance (after deducting foreign entries) shall be taken from the leading men at the finish in their order. Rule 6. The mode of turning stakeboats, and all directions for each race, shall be announced in the programme of the Regatta Committee or posted on the bulletin board one hour 78 OFFICIAL SPOETTNO RTTTiT!S. before the race is called ; and any competitor not knowing the course, or mistaking it, or not following these Rules, does so at his own risk. Stakeboats and buoys will be left on the port hand, when not stated distinctly to the contrary. The Com- mittee shall have the power to change the direction of the race at any time before the first signal, and shall indicate the same by the flags according to Rule 13. Rule 7. No pilotage or direction from any boat or from the shore will be allowed, and any one accepting such assistance may be disqualifled. Rule 8. A canoe touching a buoy or other canoe, unless wrongfully compelled to do so by another canoe, shall be dis- qualifled. In case of a foul, the non-fouling canoe must go over the course, unless disabled beyond the possibility of tem- porary repair, in order to claim the race. Every canoe must stand by its own accidents. If a canoe, in consequence of the violation of any of the Rules shall foul another canoe, or com- pel another canoe to foul any canoe, buoy or obstruction, or to run aground, she shall be disqualifled. Rule 9. Should the owner of any canoe, duly entered for a race, consider that he has fair ground of complaint against another, he must give notice of same, before leaving his boat on the finish of the race, to the judge, and must present the same in writing to the Regatta Committe v/ithin one hour of the judge's decision, if appealed from said decision. The sum of $1 shall be deposited with each appeal, to be for- feited to the Association should the appeal not be sustained. The Regatta Committee shall, after hearing such evidence as they may deem necessary, decide the appeal, and the decision, if unanimous, shall be final ; but, if not unanimous, a second appeal may be made to the Executive Committee, whose decision shall be final. No member of either committee shall take part in the decis- ion of any question in which he is interested. In all cases where a protest is lodged on the ground of fouling, evidence of actual contact shall be necessary to substantiate the pro- test. The Regatta Committee shall, without protest, dis- qualify any canoo which, to their knowledge, has committed a breach of the Rules. OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 79 PADDLING RACES. Rule 10. Paddling races shall be started by the starter ask- ing, '-Are you ready?" On receiving no answer, he shall say "Go." if he considers the start unfair, he may recall the boats, and any canoe refusing to start again shall be distanced. The combined paddling and sailing race shall be started in the same manner, the word " Go" being immediately followed by a gun. Rule 11. A canoe's own water is the straight course from the station assigned it at starting. Any canoe leaving its own water shall do so at its peril ; but if the stern of one canoe is a canoe's length ahead of the bow of another, the former may take the water of the latter, which then becomes its own water, and it shall only leave it at its peril. SAILING RACES. Rule 12. The paddle shall not be used in sailing races, ex- cept for steering when the rudder is disabled, or for shoving off when aground, afoul of anything, or in extreme danger, as from a passing steamer or from a squall. Rule 13. Five minutes before the start, a signal Avill be given and a blue flag hoisted, and four minutes later a second signal will be given and a red flag hoisted, and one minute later a third signal will be given to start and an A.C.A. flag hoisted and left up. Any canoe which crosses to the course side of the starting line prior to the third signal must return above the line and recross it, keeping out of the way of all competing canoes, using the paddle if necessary; but after the third signal the start shall be considered as made, and all canoes on either side of the line shall be amenable to the Sailing Rules. Canoes may take any position for starting, and, prior to the third sig- nal, may be sailed and worked in any manner (outside aid not allowed). A green flag displayed signifles that buoj's are to be left to starboard, and a red flag means to port. The Regatta Committee may vary the manner of starting at their discre- tion, but all sailing races shoud be started to windward vrhen practicable. 80 OFFICIAli SPOBTING EULES. EuLE 14. All shiftable ballast, except centreboards, shall be carried within the canoe, and no fixed Ijallast shall be carried below the keelband. Ballast may be shifted, but no ballast shall be taken in or thrown out during a racje. Rule 15. A canoe overtaking another shall keep out of the way of the latter ; but when rounding any buoy or vessel used to mark out the course, if two canoes are not clear of each other when the leading canoe is close to and is altering her helm to round the mark, the outside canoe must give the other room to pass clear of the mark, whichever canoe is in danger of fouling. No canoe shall be considered clear of another unless so much ahead as to give fiee choice to the other on which side she will pass. An overtaking canoe shall not, however, be justified in attempting to establish an over- lay, and thus force a passage between the leading canoe and the mark after the latter has altered her helm for rounding. EuiiE 16. Canoes close-hauled on the port tack shall give way to those on the starboard tack. In the event of a collision being imminent, owing to the canoe on the port tack not giving Avay, the canoe on the starboard tack shall luff and go about, but shall never bear away. A canoe on the port tack compell- ing a canoe on the starboard tack thus to give way forfeits all claim to the prize. EuLE 17. Canoes going free shall always give way to those close-hauled on either tack. EciLE 18. When canoes close-hauled are approaching ashore, buoy, or other obstruction, and are so close that the leeward- most cannot tack clear of the canoe to the windward of her, and by standing on would be in danger of fouling the obstruc- tion, the canoe to windward shall, on being requested, go about, and the canoe requesting her to do so shall also tack at once. EuLE 19. Should two or more canoes he approaching a weather shore or any obstruction with the wind free, and be so close to each other that the weathermost one cannot bear away clear of the one to the leeward of her, and by standing on would be in danger of running aground or of fouling the obstruction, then the canoe that is to leeward shall, on being OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 81 requested, at once bear away until sufficient room is allowed for the weather niofit canoe to clear the obstruction. Rule 2C. A canoe may luff as she pleases in order to prevent another from passing her to windward, provided she begins to luff before an overlap has been established. An overlap is established when an overtaking canoe has no longer a free choice on which side she Avill pass, and continue to exist as long as tlie leeward canoe by luffing or the weather canoe by bearing away, is in danger of fouling. A canoe must never bear away out of her course to prevent the other passing to leeward; the lee side to be considered that on which the lead- ing canoe of the two carries her mainboom. The overtaking canoe, if to leeward, must not luff until she has drawn clear ahead of the canoe she has overtaken. Rule 21. A canoe may anchor during a race, provided the anchor is attached or weighed on board the canoe during the remainder of the race. Rule 22. A change in these rules desired by any member of the association shall be presented by the Regatta Committee, with their approval or disaproval, to the Executive Committee for final action ; notice of such change having been given in the official organs at least two weeks before the meeting of the Executive Committee at which they are to be acted upon. Rule 23. In case of temporary vacancies in the Regatta Committee, the other members shall appoint substitutes. L..X\V!S OK CRlCKE:a\ As Kf.visko uv thk .M.vk\ i.kisdnk Ckukkt Club, Mav. ISOO. 1. A luatoh is played betv.oeii t\vi> sidos of oloviMi iilayors oat'h. unless othor\vi.v(^ a jrroiHl to; oaeh side lias two innings, taken alternately, exeept in the ease provided for in Law 53. The ehoiee of inninjrs shall be decided by tossinj?. •2. The seore shall be leekoned by runs. A run is seored— 1st. so often as the batsmen after a hit, or at any lime -while the ball is in play, shall have erossed, and niado good their ground from end to end. 2d, for penalties under Laws 10, 84. 41. and allowances under 44. Any run or runs so seored shall be duly nvorded by scorers appointed for the purpose. The side which scores the greatest number of runs wins the nuitch. Xv> match is won unlesb played out or given up. except in the t'ase provided for in Law 4"\ 8. Before the commencement of the match two umpires shall l>e appointed, one tor each end. 4. The ball shall weigh not less than 0^3 ounces, nor moi-e than 5.^4 ounces. It shall measure not less than i> inches nor more than \)}i inches in circumference. At the beginning of each innings either sMde nuiy demand a new ball. 5. The bat shall not excetnl i}i inches in the widest part ; it shall not be more than 3S inches in length. (\. The wickets shall be pitched opposite and piirailel to each other, at a distance of 22 yards. Each wicket shall In? eight inches in width and consist of three stumps, with two Imiis upon the top. The stumps shall be of equal and sutticient si/e to prevent the ball from passing through, and 27 inches out of the groimd. The bails shall be each four inches in length, and when in position, on the top of the stumps, shall not proje<.'t OPr'HJIAL HPOUTINO TUILKS. 83 iiuji<5 tli.'iri one-half in(;h above Ihom. The wickotB Bhall not be chaiig(!(l dui'in^ a iiiat,ch, unle8B the ^roiirul between them beeorne unlit for play, and then only by connent of both Bides. 7. Th<' bowling crease Hhall be in a line with the stumps six feet ei^ht inehes in length; tlie stumps in the centre, with a return crease at each end, at right uncles behind the wicket. 8. The popping crease shall be marked four feet from th<- wicket, parallel to it, and be deemed unlimited in lengtli. 0. The gi'ound shall not be roiled, watered, covered, mown or beaten during a match, exce[>t before the commei)cement of each innings and each day's play, when, unless the inside object, the groimd shall be swept and rolled for not more than ten minutes. This shall not prevent the batsman from beat- ing the ground with his bat, nor the batsmen nor lx>wler from using sawdust in order to obtain a projxjr foothold. 10. The ball must be bowi<'(| ; if thrown or jerked, the umpiie shall call "No ball." 11. The bowler shall deliver the ball with one foot on the ground behind the bowling crease, and within the return crease, otherwise the umpire shall call " No ball." 12. If the bowler shall bowl the ball so high over or ho wide of the wicket that in the oi)inion of the umpire it is not within leach of the striker, th(^ umpire shall call " Wide ball." 13. The ball shall be bowled in overs of live balls from each wicket alternately. When live l>alls have been bowled and the 1 all is linally settled in the bowlei's or wicket-keeper's hands, tlie umi)iie shall call "Over." Neither a "no-ball" nor a ■ wide-ball " shall be reckoned as one of the "over." 14. The Ijowler shall be allowed to change ends as often as he pleases, provided only that he does not bowl two overs consecutively in one innings. 15. The bowler may require the batsman at the wicket from which he is bowling to stand on that side of it which he may direct. 16. The striker may hit a "no-ball," and whatever runs result shall be added U) his score ; but he shall not be out from a " no-ball*" unless he be run out, or bi-eak Laws 26, 27, 29, 30. All runs made from a "no-ball," otherwise than from the bat. 84 OFPICTAL SPORTING RUTiES. shall be scored " no-balls," and if no run be made, one run shall be added to that score. From a " wide ball " as many runs as are run shall be added to the score as " wide balls," and if no run be otherwise obtained one run shall be so added. 17. If the ball, not having been called " wide" or " no-ball," pass the striker, without tt)uching his bat or person, and any runs be obtained, the umpire shall call " Bye ; " but if the ball touch any part of the striker's person (hand excepted) and any run be obtained, the umpire shall call " Leg-bye," such runs to be scored " byes " and " leg-byes " respectively. 18. At the beginning of the match, and of each innings, the umpire at the bowler's wicket shall call "Play;" from that time no trial ball shall be allowed to any bowler on the ground between the wickets, and when one of the batsmen is out the use of the bat shall not be allowed to any person until the next batsman shall come in, 19. A batsman shall be held to be " out of his ground " unless his bat in hand or some part of his person be grounded within the line of the popping crease. 23. The wicket shall be held to be '• doAvn" when either of t lie bails is struck off, or, if both bails be off, when a stump is strruck out of the ground. The striker is out : 21. If the wicket be bowled down, even if the ball firet touch the striker's bat or person :— " Bowled." 22. Or, if the ball, from a stroke of the bat or hand, but not the wrist, be held before it touch the ground, although it be hugged to the body of the catcher :— " Caught." 23. Or, if in playing at the ball, provided it be not touched by the bat or hand, the striker be out of his ground, and the wicket be put down by the wicket-keeper with the ball or with the hand or arm, with ball in hand:— "Stumped." 24. Or, if with any part of his person he stop the balf^hich in the opinion of the umpire at the bowler's wicket shall have been pitched in a straight line from it to the striker's wicket and would have hit it :— " Leg before wicket." 25. Or, if in playing at the ball he hit down his wicket with his bat or any part of his person or dress :— " Hit wicket." OFFICIAL SPORTING RUIiES. 86 26. Or, if under pretence of running, or otherwise, eitlier of the batsmen willfully prevent a ball from being caught: — "Ob- structing the field." 27. Or, if the ball be struck, or be stopped by any part of his l)erson, and he wilfully strike it again, except it be done for the purpose of guarding his wicket, which he may do with his bat, or any part of his person, except his hands:— "Hit the ])all twice." Either batsman is out : 28. If in runiiing, or at any other time, while the ball is in play he be out of his ground, and his wicket be struck down by the ball after touching any fieldsman, or by the hand or arm, with ball in hand, of any lieldsman :— " Run out." 29. Or, if he touch with his hands or take up the ball while in play, unless at the request of the opposite side :— " Handled the ball." 30. Or, if he wilfully obstruct anj^ fieldsman :— Obstructing the field." 31. If the batsmen have crossed each other, he that runs for the wicket which is put dow^n is out; if they have not crossed, he that has left the wicket which is put down is out. 32. The striker being caught no run shall be scored. A bats- man being run out, that run which was being attempted shall not be scored. 33. A batsman being out from any cause, the ball shall be "dead." 34. If a ball in play cannot be found or recovered, any fields- man may call "Lost Ball," when the ball shall be "dead;" six runs shall be added to the score, but if more than six runs have been run before " lost ball " has been called, as many runs as have been run shall be scored. 35. After the ball shall have been finally settled in the wicket-keeper's or bowler's hand it shall be " dead ; " but when the bowler is about to deliver the ball, if the batsman at his wicket be out of his ground before actual delivery, the said bowler may run him out; but if the bowler throw at that wicket and any run result it shall be scored " no ball." 86 OFFICIAL SPORTING RTTLE^. 36. A batsman shall not retire from his wicket and return to it to complete his innings after another has beenin Avithout the consent of the opposite side. 37. A substitute shall be allowed to held or run between wickets for any player Avho may during the match be inca- pacitated from illness or injury, but for no other reason, except with the consent of the opposite side. 38. In all cases where a substitute shall be allowed, the con- sent of the opposite side shall be obtained as to the person to act as substitute and the place in the field which he shall take. 39. In case any substitute shall be allowed to run between wickets, the striker may be run out if either he or his substi- tute be out of his ground. If the striker be out of his ground while the ball is in play, that wicket which he has left may be put down and the striker given out, although the other bats- man may have made good the ground at that end, and the striker and his substitute at the other end. 40. A batsman is liable to be out for any infringement of the laws by his substitute. 41. The fieldsman may stop the ball with any jjart of his person, bat if he wilfully stop it otherwise the ball shall be " dead," and five runs added to the score. Whatever runs may have been made five only shall be added. 42. The wicket-keeper shall stand behind the wicket. If he shall take the ball for the purpose of stumping before it has passed the wicket, or if he shall incommode the striker by any noise, or motion, or if any part of his person be over or before the wicket, the striker shall not be out, excepting under Laws 26, 27,28, 29 and 30. 43. The umpires are the sole judges of fair or unfair play, of the fitness of the ground, the weather, and the light for play ; all disputes shall be determined by them, and if they disagree the actual state of things shall continue. 44. They shall pitch fair wickets, arrange boundaries where necessary, and the allowances to be made for them, and change ends after each side has had one innings. 45. They shall allow two minutes for each striker to come in and ten minutes between each innings. When they shall call " Play," the side refusing to play shall lose the match. OFFICIAL SPORTING RUIiES. 87 4f). Thoy shall not ordor a batHman out uiiIobb appealed to by Uie other side. 47. Tlio umpire at the bowler's wicket shall be appealed to beforo the othst directly behind one another 94 omcIAIi SPOUTING KULES. at right angles with boundary line, they shall be placed on the line along side of each other in the same relative position in which they were played off. This can occur only when the cen- ters of the two balls rest directly behind one another at right angles with the boundary line. BALL.-WHEN THROUGH AN ARCH. Rule 45. — A ball is not through an arch when a straight edge, laid across the two wires on the side from which the ball came, touches the ball without moving the arch. BALLS WHEN IN POSITION. Rule 46. —If a ball has been placed under an arch, for the purpose of croquet, it is not in position to run that arch. Rule 47. — If a ball be driven under its arch from the wrong direction, and rests there, it is not in po- sition to run that arch in the right direction. Rule 48.— If a ball, shot through its arch in the right direction, rolls back through or under that arch, the point is not made, but the ball is in position if left there. HITTING BALL WHILE MAKING WICKET. Rule 49. — The cage wicket may be made in one, two or more turns, provided the ball stops within limit of the cage. Rule 50. — Any playing ball within, or under, a wicket, becomes dead to advancement through the wicket from that position, if it comes in contact with any other ball by a direct shot. ROVERS. Rule 5L — A rover has the right of roquet and conse- quent croquet on every ball once during each turn of play, and is subject to roquet and cro- quet by any ball in play. Rule 52. — Rovers must be continued in the game until partners become rovers, and go out successively, and a rover that has been driven against the stake cannot be removed to make way for the next rover. t t p OFFICIALi SPORTING KULES. 95 PLAYING OUT OF TURN, OR WRONG BALL. Rule 53. — If a pLayer plays out of bis proper turn, whether with his own or any other ball, or in his proper turn plays the wrong ball, and the mistake is discovered before the next player has commenced his play, all benefit from any point or points made is lost, and his turn of play is forfeited. All balls moved by the misplay must be returned to their former position by the um- pire or adversary. If the mistake is not discov- ered until after the next player has made his first stroke, the error must stand. POINTS RE-MADE. Rule 54. — If a player makes a point he has already made, his marker not being on that point, and the mistake is discovered before the proper ])oint is made, the play ceases with the shot by which the wicket was re-made, and the marker remains where it stood at the beginning of this play. All balls shall be left in the position they had at the time the wieket was re made. If not dis- covered before the proper point is made, the points so made are good, and play proceeds the same as if no error had been made. ERROR IN ORDER OF PLAY. Rule 55. — If an error in order is discovered after a play- er has struck his ball, he shall be allowed to finish Iiis play, provided he is playing in the regular sequence of his partner's ball last played. In case of dispute as to proper sequence of balls, it shall be decided by the umpire ; if there is no umpire, by lot. No recourse shall be had to lot unless each party expresses the belief that the other is wrong. Rule 56.— At any time an error in order is discovered, theop])osite side shall follow with the same ball last played (the proper sequence) ; but before playing, their opponents shall have privilege to demand a transposition of adversaries' balls. Example.— B'ack plays by mistake after Red— the error is not discovered — Blue plays in the proper sequence of his partner Red, and seeing that Black has just played, is thus led to believe it Stj OlFKUAL SPORTING RULiifci. the innocent ball, and upon concluding his play, leaves Black by Red. Now, if error in order is discovered, the player of Red and Blue can de- mand that the position of Black and White be transposed. CHANGING SURFACE OF GROUND. Rule 57. — The surface of grounds shall not be changed during a game by either player, unless by eon- sent of the umpire, and if so changed at the time of playing, the shot shall be declared lost. DIRECTION THROUGH WICKETS. Rule 58. — In making all side or corner wickets the play- ing ball shall pass through them towards the center. PENALTY. -GENERAL RULE. Rule 59.— If a rule is violated, a penalty for which has not been provided, the player shall cease his play. "OUKNAMENT RULES, (1892.) KtJLE 1.— The tournament games shall be played in accordance with the rules of the National Croquet Association. Rule 2.— Each Club shall be entitled to enter three players, each of whom shall play one game with each mernber of the class to which he is assigned. KuLE 3.— No player shall be allowed to enter aftei- 8 o'clock Wednesday morning, except by consent of the Com- mittee of Arrangements. KuLE 4.— AIj players are expected to remain till the finish and play all games assigned to them ; should any player leave before he has played all his games, his name and games shall be stricken from the list. Rule 5.— The order of play shall be determined by lot, names being drawn i)y the Committee of Arrangements. Rule 6.— Should any player fail to be present when his turn comes, the next in order shall play, and the former's game be forfeited, unless excused by the Committee of Arrangements. Rule 7.— All disputed points shall be referred to an umpire, to be chosen before play by the contestants, and in case of his inability to decide, to three referees, to be chosen by the Committee of Arrangements. Rule 8.— Games shall be called by 8 a.m., and no game shall be begun after 6 p.m., unless by mutual consent. Rule 9.— All ties shall be played ofl" in accordance with the above rules. ]{ule 10.— In case of darkness coming on during a game, the umpire shall decide when a game shall stop, and if stopped, shall be continued first in order the next morning, if the players are on time. Rule 11.— The players shall be divided into four classes. Rule 12.— Three delegates may be admitted to play from any club, for live dollars"; and others may enter from the same club upon payment of two dollars additional for each player. The social tournament games will be governed by the same rules as the prize tournament games. ''"^ OFFICIAL «ruliTi2\a KULiES. The Association was organised, and tlie ioiiowinf^; officers elected for the ensuins:: vear : Pres't, Ira B. Read, A'ew York ; Vice Pres't, J. W. Hooker, Norwich, Conn.; Sec'v and Treas., G. W. John- son, Pliiladelphia ; Corresi>i»ndin<»- See'y, C. H. Botsford, New York. The Committee on By-Laws reported the following, which were adopted. BY-LAWS. 1. This organization slmll be known as the National American Croquet Association. 3. Its ofBcers shall be President, three Vice Pi'esi- dents, Secretary and Treasurer and Corresponding- Secretary. 3. They shall be elected yearly at the annual meeting. 4. Any club may become a member of this Associa- tion by adopting its rules, and paying the initiation fee of five dollars. 5. Each club shall be entitled to three delegates. 6. The Association shall, at each annual meeting, fix on a place where the next annual meeting shall be held. 7. Special mertings may be called by the President when he may deem it necessary. 8. The annual meeting shall b»' liold the second* Tuesday of August, at 8 o'clock, p.m. 9. A majority of the members of the Association shall constitute a quorum at all meetings. 10. All question and elections shall be decided by a majority vote. 11. These By-Laws may be amended at any meeting, by p vote of two-thirds of the members of the Associa- tion. ADOPTED 1887. 12. The President shall be authorized to fill any va eancy among the officers that occurs through removal or otherwise, ADOPTEI) 1889. 13. Clubs having more than eight members can pay ten dolk-s entrance tee, and be entitled to six delegates. ADOPTED 1891. 14. Clubs entering four players shall pay seven dol- lars, and nine dollars if entering five. * Practically annulled by vote of Association to meet the third Tuesday. COURT te:nxis I.y\W^S, IMPLEMENTS, AXU CHOICE OF SIDES. JiallH and RcjU'kaiH.—l. The bail.s sliall be not lo8s than 'll4u\.. and not nioio tlian 2%\n. in diameter; and shall i>e not Ichb tlian 2%oz., and not more than 2%(jz. in weight. Note.— There Is to restriction as to the sbspe or size of the rackets. Choice of Sides.— 2. (a) The choice ofsideH at the y>eginningof the fir«t set is detin, (hj In Bubeequent sets of a series, tlie players sliall ixigin each set on tiie sides on which they linislied tiie sall in-play (except when it makes a chase : see Laws 17-10) ; (u- OFFICIAIi SPORTING RUIiES. 101 {(l) if he himself return the ball in-play so that it enters the winning-gallery or grille, or falls on or beyond the service line ; or (e) if he serve or return the ball in-play that it drops or falls npon a ball, or other object, which is on or beyond the service- line; or (/) if he win a chase (see Law 20); or ig) if the striker-out lose a stroke (see Law 16). The Siriker-out, When He Wins a Stroke.~15. The striker- out wins a stroke (except as provided in Law 9). (n) if the server serve two consecutive faults [except as pro- vided in Law 31 (b)] ; or (b) if the server fail to return the ball in-play (except when it makes a chase : see Laws 17-19) ; or (c) if he himself return the ball in-play so that it enters the dedans ; or (d) if he win a chase ; or (e) if the server lose a stroke (see Law 16). Either Flayer, When He Loses a Stroke.— W. Either player loses a stroke, (a) if he lose a chase (see Law 21) ; or (b) if the ball in-play (except as provided in Law 7), touch him or anything which he wears or carries (except his racket in the act of returning the ball); or (c) if he touch or strike the ball in-play with his racket more than once, or do not delinitely strike it. Chases, How Made and Marked.— 17. Wben a ball in-play (on either sids of the net, not being that on which the striker is standing) {a) falls on on any part of the tloor, except on or be yon d the service-line; or (b) enters any gallery except the winning-gallery; or ic) touches a gallery-post ; it is marked a chase {A) at the line on the floor on Avhich it fell ; or (B) better or worse than that line on the floor whicrh is near- est to the point at which it f».'ll ; or (C) at the gallery the post of which it touched; except, as provided in Laws 18 and 19. 102 OFFICIAL SPORTING BUIiES. Note (a).— A ball In-play, which touches the net-post and drops on the side opposed to the striker, Is marked a chase at the line on the side on which it drops. Note (b).— a ball In-pIay, which enters a gallery, is marked a cha'e at that gallery ;wbich it enters, notwlthstaddlng that It may have touched an adjacect gallery-post without touching the floor in the interim. Note (c).— The gallery lines on the floor correspond , and are equivalent, to the galleries of which they bear the names. A Ball dropping or falling in net, or hounding over net after dropping, how marked. — 18. "When a ball in-play (a) drops or falls in the net, on the side opposed to the striker ; or (6) drops on the floor, on the side opposed to the striker, and, bounding over the net, falls on that side of it from which it was struck, whether it touches the net in its bound or not; it is marked a chase at the line on the side opposed to the striker. A Ball Dropping or Falling Upon Anothrr Ball How Marked. —19. When a ball in-play drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which is on the floor [except when it is on or beyond the service-line: see Law 14 (e)], it is marked a chase at the point at which that ball, or other object, was when the ball in- play dropped or fell upon it. Chases, How Won— 20. Either player wins a chase (a) if he serve or return the ball so that it enters a winning- opening ; or (b) if he serve or return the ball so that it falls better than the chase for which he played ; or enters a gallery, or touches a gallery-post, better than the gallery, or the gal- lery-line, at which the chase was, for which he played ; or ((•) if he serve or return the ball so that it drops or falls upon a ball, or other object, which, or at the gallery correspond- ing to which the chase was, for which he played ; or {d) if his antagonist fail to return the ball in-play except when it falls worse than the chase in question. (Jhases, How Lost.~21. Either player loses a chase. (ft) if he fail to return the ball in-play, except when it falls worse than the chase in question ; or {b) If he return the ball in-play so that it falls worse than the chase, or enters a gallery, or touches a gallery-post. OFFICIAL. SPORTING KULES. 103 worse than the gallery, or the gallery-line, at which the chase was, for which he played ; or (c) if he return the ball in-play so that it drops or fall upon a ball, or other object, which is at a point on the floor worse than that at which the chase was, for which he played. Chase-off.— 22. When a ball in-play. (a) falls at a point on the floor neither better nor worse than that at which, or at the gallery corresponding to which, the chase was, for which the striker played ; or {b) enters that gallery, or the gallery corresponding to that gallery-line, or touches the post of that gallery , or falls on the gallery-line corresponding to that gallery, at which the chase was, for which the striker played ; or (c) drops or falls upon a ball, or other object which is at a point on the floor, neither better nor worse than that at which or at the gallery corresponding to which, the chase was, for which the striker plaj^ed; it is marked chase-off; it is not scored as a stroke won by either player; the chase is annulled, and the striker has not to play for it again. Chases When Played Fo7\—2S. As soon as two chases are marked, or one chase when the score of either player is at forty or advantage (see Law 25), the players change sides; the player who made the first chase now defends it, while the other plays to win it; and so with the second chase, except when only one has been marked. Chases Marked in Error, Annulled.— 24:. If by an error three chases have been marked or two chases when the score of either player is at forty or advantage (see Law 25), the last chase in each case is annulled. Strokes, How Scored.— 25. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called fifteen for that player; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called thirty for that player; on either player winning his third stroke, the score is called forty for that player; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that player ; except, as below : if both players have won three strokes, the score is called deuce, and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for that player ; if the same player win lOi OFFICIAL SPORTING RITLES. the following' stroke, he wins the game; if he lose the following stroke, the score is again called a deuce ; and so on, until either player win the two strokes immediately following the score of deuce, when the game is scored for that player. (kimes, How Scored.— 26. The player who ftrst wins six games wins a set ; except as below : if both players win live games, the score is called games- all, and the next game won by either player is scored advantage-game for that player ; if the same player win the following game, he wins the set; if he lose the following game, the score is again called games-all; and so on, until either player win the two games immediately following the score of games-all, when he wins the set. NoTK.— Players often a:ree not to play advantage-sets, but to decide the set by one game after arriving at tbe score of games-all. Doubtful and Disputed Cases, How Decided.— 27. Every chase is marked, and every stroke scored, by the marker, who is en- titled to consult the dedans, when he is in doubt. A player, who is dissatisfied with the marker's deoision, is entitled to appeal to the dedans. A majority of the dedans confirms or reverses the marker's decision. An appeal must be made be- fore a recommencement of play. NoTB —Tbe Cedans should cot give a decision, unasked, on «. question of marking a chase or stroke ; but may, and should, correct Inaccurate scoring of chase', strokes, games, or sets. THREE-HANDED, or FOUR-HANDED GAMES (sometimes called DOUBLE GAMES).— Order of Play. 28. The partners swerve and strike-out in alternate games ; unless it shall have been previously agreed to the contrary. NoTB —la Is usually, but not alv^ays agr ed that the strlker-out may leave to his partner such services as pass him. The former Laws apply to these, as well as to Single, Games ; the advantages and disadvantages attaching to a single player under the former Laws here attaching to a pair of players. ODDS. — Bisques and Half-bisques When Taken, Generally. 29. (a) A bisque or a half-bisque, may not be taken after the service has been delivered. I OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 105 (6) The server may not take a bisque after a fault ; but the striker-out may do so. Bisques and Half-bisques When Taken, in Changing Sides. 30. A player, who wishes to take a bisque, or a half-bisque, there being a chase, or two chases marked, may take it either before or after changing sides ; but lie may not, after changing sides, go back to take it. Round Services.— SI. (a) When the odds of round services are given, the ball served by the giver of the odds must touch the grille-pent-house after touching the service-pent-house, and before dropping in the service-court, or on one of the lines Avliich bound it. (6) Neither faults, nor failures in complying with the above condition, are counted against the giver of the odds; but the recipient of the odds may decline to return such ser- vices as do not touch both the pent-houses : if, however, he attempt and fail to return any such service, it is counted against him. Half -Court. —The players having agreed, into which half- court, on each side of the net, the giver of the odds «hall play, the latter loses a stroke if the ball, returned by him, drop in either of the other half-courts : but a ball, returned by the giver of the odds, which (a) drops on the half-court-line ; or (&) drops in his half-court and touches the dedans-post be- fore falling; or (c) drops in his half-court and falls in the dedans, even though on the other side of the dedans-post; or (d) touches the dedans-post before dropping; is counted for the giver of the odds : and a return, boasted against any wall by the giver of the odds, which (e) drops in his half-court ; or (/) drops on the half-court line ; or (fir) touches the dedans-post before dropping ; or {h) touches any pent-house, battery, or wall, before dropping in his half-court, dropping on the half-court-line, or touch- ing the dedans-post ; is also counted for the giver of the odds. 106 OFPIOIAIi SPORTING EUIiES. NoTB.— It Is, of course, evident that the giver of theae odds may make a chase, or win a chase or a stroke, with a ball which drops in his half court, or on the half-court-line, but falls in the other half -court Nicks, When A U-the-icalls or Side-walls are given.— 33, When the odds of toiieh-iio- walls, or touch-no-side-walls, are given, a ball returned by the giver of the odds, which makes a nick in falling, is counted for the striker. DIRECTIONS TO THE MARKER. It is the duty of the marker to call the faults, and the passes ; to call the strokes, when won, or when he is asked to do so; to call the games, and sets, at the end of each, or when asked to do so ; to mark the chases, when made ; to call the chases, when there are two, in the order in which they were made ; or the chase, when there is one with the score at forty or advantage ; and then to direct the players to change sides; to call the chase or chases again, in order as above, when the players have changed sides, and each chase as a player has to play for it ; not to call play or not play in doubtful cases before the conclusion of the rest, unless asked to do so ; to decide all doubtful and disputed strokes, subject to an appeal to the dedans ; to warn the players of any balls lying on the floor in their way, or to their danger or disadvantage, and to remove all such balls ; to collect the balls into the ball-basket; and to keep the ball troughs constantly replenished in the dedans and last gallery, and the latter especially in three-handed and four-handed games. Rules for Curling— Rink Medals. Sec. 1. The length of the rink played shall be forty-two yards. The tees shall be put down thirty-eight yards apart. In a continued straight line with the tees, and four yards distant from each, a circle, eighteen inches in diameter, shall be drawn on the left-liand side of said line (looking in the direction to be played), and its edge just touching it. Within this circle, Avhether standing on the ice, or on any rest, support, or abutment whatsoever, permitted by the rules, each player, when playing his stone, shall place his right foot and liis left toot on the left-hand side of the central line (the circle to Vje on the opposite side of the line if the player be left-handed). When a hack or hatch in the ice is used, it must be behind the circle above described, and not of greater length than fourteen inches, measuring from the central line. A circle of seven feet radius to be described from each tee as a centre to, and no stone to count which passes this, and beyond a line drawn across the further edge of the seven-feet circle; such stone to be treated as out of the game, and put off the ice. Should this be neglected, and another stone stopped against it, and within seven feet of the tee, the stone so stopped to be counted in the game. The hog-score to be distant from each tee one-sixth l>art of the w^hole rink played. Every one to be a hog which does not clear a square placed upon this score ; but no stone to be considered a hog which has stru^.k another stone lying over the hog-score. A line shall be drawn on the ice at right angles to the rink, half-way betwixt the tees, which shall be called "The Middle Line." In no case shall the rink played be less than thirty-two yards. As soon as the rink is marked off, and before beginning to play, 108 OFFICIAL SPORTING BULES the terms of the match or game must be distinctly stated and fixed by the skips, if they have not been previously arranged. These terms may either be, that the parties shall play for a specified time, or a game of a certain number of shots or heads. Though the terms liave been previously fixed, they should here be repeated. Sec. 2. Every rink to be composed of four players a side, each with two stones. Before commencing the game, each skip shall state to liis opposing skip the rotation in which his men are to play, and the rotation so fixed is not to be changed during the game. Each pair of players shall play one stone alternately with his oppenent, till he has played both. Sec. 3. The two skips opposing each other shall settle by lot, or any other way they may agree upon, which party shall lead, after which the winning party of the last end shall do so. Sec. 4. All curling stones shall be of a circular shape. No stone shall be of a greater weight than forty-four pounds imperial, nor les.s than thirty-two pounds, nor of greater circumference than thirty- six inches, nor of less height than one-eighth part of its greatest circumference, imless the club uses iron blocks. No iron block to exceed over seventy pounds in w^eight. And the same rules as to size must govern the iron blocks which govern the stones. Players maj' change the side of their stones once during the game, but they shall not be allowed to change them oftener, or change stones after the commencement of a game, unless by mutual consent of the skips, except one or both may be broken, and then the largest portion of the broken stone to count, without any necessity for playing with it more. If the played stone rolls and stops on its side or top, it shall not be counted, but put off the ice. Should the handle quit the stone in the delivery, the player must keep hold of it, otherwise he shall not be entitled to replay his shot. Sec. 5. Each party, before beginning to play, and during the course of each end, to be arranged along the sides of the rink, anywhere betwixt the middle line and the tee which their skip may direct ; but OPFIOIAIi SPORTING BULES. 109 no party, except when sweeping" according to rule, shall go upon the middle of the rink, nor cross it under any pretence whatever. The skips alone to stand at or about the tee, as their turn requires. Sec. 6. If a player plays out of turn , the stone so played may be stopped in its progress, and returned to the player. If the mistake shall not be discovered till the stone is again at rest, the opposite party shall have the option to add one to theii- score, and the game proceed in its original rotation, or to declare the end null and void. Sec. 7. The sweeping department shall be under the exclusive direction and control of the skips. The player's party shall be allowed to sweep when the stone is past the middle line, and till it reaches the tee ; the adverse party, when it has passed the tee. The sweeping to be always to a side or across the rink ; and no sweepings to be moved forward and left in front of a running stone, so as to stop or obstruct its course. Either party may sweep behind the tee, before or after the stone has been played, or while in motion. Sec. 8. If in sweeping or otherwise a running stone be marred by any of the party to which it belongs, it shall be put off the ice; if by any of the adverse party, it shall be placed where the skip of the party to which it belongs shall direct. If marred by any other means, the player shall replay his stone. Should any played stone be accidentally displaced by any of the opposing party before the last stone is played, for the first offence it shall be replaced by the skip to whom it belongs, in a position as near as possible before it was displaced; and for the second offence by the same party, the opposing party shall have the privilege of declaring the end null and void, or of replacing the stone. If a played stone is moved acci- dentally by any of the party to whom it belongs, it shall be in tfio decision of the opposing skip to replace the stone as nearl y as. pos- sible to where it was before being moved, or to allow it to remaiu where it was accidentally moved to. No stone displaced by either NotB.— In all these preliminary drawings and descriptions, distinct refereucu in to be ma-fe to the terms used In the preflxed diagram or plan called "Thb Rink " 110 OI'FICIAL SPOETING Rl/LES. party shall be allowed to be moved if it has been struck or moved by a running stone, before the claim for moving has been made. Sec. 9. Each player to come provided with a besom, to be ready to play when his turn comes, and not to take more than a reasonable time to play his stone. Should he accidentally play a wrong stone, any of the players may stop it while running ; if not stopped till it is again at rest, it shall be replaced by the one which he ought to have played. Sec. 10. No measuring of shots allowed previous to the termination of the end. Disputed shots to be determined by the skips, or, if they disagree, by the umpire; or, when there is no umpire, by some neu- tral person mutually chosen by them, whose decision shall le final. All measurements to be taken from the centre of the tee, to the part of the stone which is nearest to it. No stone shall be considered within or without a circle unless it clear it ; and every stone shall be held as resting on a line which does not completely clear it— in every case that is to be determined by placing a square on the ice at that part of the circle or line in dispute. Sec. 11. Each skip shall have the exclusive regulation and direc- tion of the game for his party, and may play in what part of it he pleases; but having chosen his place at the beginning, he must retain it till the end of the game ; but no skip, when his turn to play comes, after having appointed one of his party to take charge for him, shall be allowed after leaving the ice to go back and examine the end, but shall take directions from the party appointed by himself. The players may give their advice, but cannot control their director; nor are they, upon any pretext, to address themselves to the person about to play. Each skip, when his own turn to play comes, shall name one of his party to take charge for him. Every player to fol- low implicitly the directions given him. If any player shall improp- erly speak to, taunt or interrupt another while in the act of delivering his stone, one shot shall be added to the score of the party inter- rupted, and the end proceed as before. OFFICIAIi SPORTING RULES. Ill Sec. 12. If from any change of weather, after a game lias been begun, or from any other reasonable cause whatsoever, one party shall desire to shorten the rink, or to change to another one, and if the two skips cannot agree upon it, the umpire for the occasion shall be called, and he shall, after seeing one end played, determine whether the rink shall be shortened, and how much, or whether it shall be changed, and his determination shall be final and binding on all parties. Should there be no umpire appointed for the occasion , or should he be otherwise engaged, the two skips may call in any curler unconnected with the disputing parties whose services can most readily be got, and subject to the same conditions ; his power shall be equally extensive as the umpire aforesaid. Sec. 13. Should any question arise, the detetermination of which is not provided for by the words and spirit of the rules now estab- lished, it may be referred to the Executive Committee. # Rules for Local Competition. (POINT GAME.) 1. Competitors shall draw lots for rotation of play, and shall use two stones. 2. The length of the rink shall not exceed « yards ; any lesser dis- tance shall be determined by the umpire. 3 Circles of 7 feet and 4 feet radius shall be drawn round the t«e and a central line through the centre of the 4-foot circle to the hog- score. ^ 4. Every competitor shall play four shots at each of the eight fol- lowing points of the game, viz.: Striking, inwicking, drawing guarding, chap and lie, wick and curl in, raising and chipping the' winner, according to the following definition (See diagram next page) : 5. In Nos. 2, 6, 8 and 9, two chances on the left and two on the right. DIAGRAM TO BE DRAWN ON THE ICE PREVIOUS TO PLAYING. I o o Placed stones shown • CO O Played stones shown O ..fn.lTL.r^ s.ve much time If In playlag local matches, two rinks be prepared ylog parallel to each other, the tee of the one b.lng at the reverse end of the oJher rluk every competitor play both stones up the one rink, anl ImmedlLly ^ffer. wards both down the other, nnlshlng thus at each rounk all his chances at that poln It will also save time If a coda of signals be arranged Ltwee^the mar Jer h^nd^^hlr,"''"'^^-''; ""^^ *" "'«" ^'^ ^«°^ whenlisscored and both hands when 2 are scare^J. In case cf a miss hands to be kept down. ornOIAL SPORTING RUIiBS. 113 1 . Striking . — A stone plained on the tee. If struck . to count 1 ; if struck out of the 7 foot circle, to count 2. 2. Inwicking.—\ stone be- in^ placed on the tee, and another with its inner edge 2 feet 6 inches from the tee, and its fore edge on a line drawn from the tee at an angle of 4:5« with the central line. 3. Drawing.— It the stone played lies within or on the 7 foot circle, to count 1; if within or on the 4 foot circle, to count 2. 4. Guarding. — A stone placed on the tee. If the stone played rests within 6 inches of the central line, to count 1; if on the line, to count 2. It shall be over the hog, but not touch the stone to be guarded. 114 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 5. Chap and Lie.~lt a stone | placed on the tee be struck out of the 7 foot circle, and the played stone lie within or on the same circle, to count 1 ; if struck out of the 7 foot cir- cle, and the played stone be within or on the 4 foot circle, to count 2. 6, Wick and Curl in.— A stone being placed with its inner edge 7 feet distant from the tee, and its fore edge on a line, making an angle of 45° with the central line. If the stone is struck, and the played stone curls on or within the 7 foot circle, to count 1 ; if struck, and the played stone curls on or within the 4 foot circle, to count 2. 7. Raising. — A stone placed with its centre on the central line and its inner edge 8 feet distant from the tee. If struck into or on the 7 foot circle, to count 1 ; if struck Into or on the 4 foot circle, to count 2. 8. Chipping the Winner.— A stone being placed on the tee, and another with its in- ner edge 10 feet distant, just touching the central line, and half guarding the one on the tee, with its inner edge touching the central line, but on the opposite side from that on which the guard is placed. If the stone strikes the stone placed behind the tee, to count 1 ; if it strikes the stone on the tee, to count 2. OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 115 y/*^ ^"NjPO V gj^-- 9. OM^it'icfcmgf.— In the event /^ ^ — ^^ of two or more competitors / /^ w^ \ gaming- the same number of / / ^2. \ I ^^^ sliots, they shall play for shots 1 I y 1 at Ouiuyicking , that is, a stone \ \^ ^ I being placed with its inner \^ / edge 7 feet distant from the ^"--~.,__-^ ■ tee, and its centre on a line, making an angle of 45® with the central line. If struck within or on the 7 foot circle, to count 1 ; if within or on the 4 foot circle, to count 2. If the competition can- not be decided with the shots, the \mipire shall order one or more of the preceding points to be played again by the competitors w^ho are equal. \ fENeiNS F^ULES — OK THE— /CMATEUR fENCERS' IsEjAGUE OF AMERICA. Adopted by the Amateur Athletic Union, March i, 1892, Adopted April 20, 1892 ; Revised May 2-.*, 1893, FOIL. 1. The competition sliall be conducted by a jury of three or live experienced fencers, for each bout, who shall select a i-ef- eree from amongst their number, and whose decision shall be final and without appeal. 2. The English language only shall be spoken by the judges during the competition. 3. At the command of any of the judges, contestants must take the tirst position and lower their weapons. 4. Each contestant shall fence a bout with every other con- testant. 5. Each bout shall be for an aggregate of live (5) touches, each touch to count one point. 6. Each judge, without consulting his fellow judges, m'\, award to each contestant In the bout a maxinmm of .50 of a point for defence, .50 of a point for attack, and .50 of a point for general good form, or any part thereof. The award shall be determined by the average of the points thus allowed by the judges. This method of judging is based upon the idea that the contest is intended ns an exhibition of skill as well as the Jiecurin''- of touches. OFFICIATE SPORTING RULES. ll7 7. Touches shall count only when made upon the body, within the limits bounded by the collar of the fencing jacket, the median line, the hip, and a line drawn from the hip to the posterior limit of the armpit, around tlie front of the arm and along the crest of the shoulder to tlie collar, A touch on any of the boundary lines shall count. 8. Whenever a touch is made outside the limits, and it is evident to the judges that it would have been good if the adversary had not made an illegitimate movement, it shall count. An illegitimate movement is one by which the adver- sary seeks to avoid a touch within the limits prescribed by purposely presenting some other part of his body to the point. 9. A touch is of no value when the point is twisted on to the body after the slap of the foil. 10. A touch, whether fair or foul, invalidates the riposte. 11. The competitor attacked should parry; if a stop thrust be made it shall only count in favor of the giver, provided it be perceptir.ly in advance of the touch made by the attacking party. If both be touched simultaneously, the count shall be credited to the one who lunged. If both lunged, neither counts. 12. The judges ww,9^ stop a corps-a-corps as soon as made. 13. A disarmament is of no value. A touch immediately fol- lowing a disarmament counts. 14. Each contestant shall fence v^ith the same hand through- out the bout. 15. The contestant .scoring the highest aggregate of points shall be declared the winner, the next highest seoints for a perfect performance, taking into consideration: 1. The difficulty of the exercise. 2. The beauty of the combination and its execution. 3. The general form of the contestant. 7. The winner of the comr.etition shall be the one having obtained the highest aggregate number of points, next highest socoml, and so on. INDIAN CLUB SWINGING. Clubs weighing three pounds each shall be used, and OFFICIAIi SPORTING RULES. 127 each contestant be allowed five minutes for a perform- ance. ROPE CLIMBING. 1. The rope, measured from the floor to a tambourine or bell fastened above, shall be as nearly twenty-five feet as the height of the hall will allow. 2. The start shall be by a pistol shot, and the time taken when the contestant strikes the bell or tam- bourine. 3. Each contestant shall sit on the floor, with legs ex tended in front, and shall not touch the floor with any part of his person after the pistol shot. 4. Each contestant shall be allowed three trials. RULES FOR THE GAME OF GOLF, AS PliAYED BY The Koyal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews. 1. The game of golf is played by two or more sides, each playing: its own ball. A side may consist of one or more persons. 2. The game consists in each side playing a ball from a tee into a hole by successive strokes, and the hole is won by the side holing its ball in the fewest strokes, except as otherwise provided for in the rules. If two sides hole out in the same number of strokes, the hole is halved. 3. The teeing-ground shall be indicated by two marks placed in a line at right angles to the course, and the player shall not tee in front of, nor on either side of, these marks, nor more than two club lengths behind them. A ball played from outside the limits of the teeing-ground, as thus defined, may be recalled by the opposite side. The holes shall be 4^ inches in diameter, and at least 4 inches deep. 4. The ball must be fairly struck at, and not pushed scraped or spooned, under penalty of the loss of the hole. Any movement of the club which is intended to strike the ball is a stroke. 5. The game commences by each side playing a ball from the first teeing-ground. In a match with two or more on a side, the partners shall strike off alternately from the tees, and shall strike alternately during the play of the hole. The players who are to strike against each other shall be named at starting, and shall continue in the same order during the match. The player who shall play first on eacii side shall be named by his own side. In case of failure to agree, it shall be settled by lot or toss which side shall have the option of leading. 6. If a player shall play when his partner should have done so, his side shall lose the hole, except in the case of the tee shot, when the sLroke may be recalled at the option of the opponents. OFFICIAL SPOUTING RULES. 129 7. The side winning a hole shall lead in starting for the next hole, and may recall the opponent's stroke should he play out of order. This privilege is called the "honor." On starting for a new match, the winner of the long match in the previous round is entitled to the "honor." Should the first match have been halved, the winner of the last hole gained is entitled to the "honor." 8. One round of the links— generally 18 holes— is a match, unless otherwise agreed upon. The match is won by the side which gets more holes ahead than there remains holes to be plaj^ed, or by the side winning the last hole when the match was all even at the second last hole. If both sides have won the same number it is a half match. 9. After the balls are struck from the tee, the ball farthest from the hole to which the parties are playing shall be played first, except as otherwise provided for in the rules. Should the wrong side play first the opponent may recall the stroke before his side has played. 10. Unless with the opponent's consent, a ball struck from the tee shall not be changed, touched or moved before the hole is played out, under the penalty of one stroke, except as otherwise provided for in the rules. 11. In playing through the green, all loose impediments, within a club's length of a ball which is not lying in or touching a hazard, may be removed, but loose impediments which aie more than a club's length from the ball shall not be removed under the penalty of one stroke. 12. Before striking at the ball, the player shall not move, bend or break anything fixed or growing near the ball, except in the act of placing his feet on the ground forthe purpose of addressing the ball, and in soiling his club to address the ball, under the penalty of the loss of the hole, except as provided for in Rule 18. 13. A ball stuck fast in wet ground or sand may be taken out and replaced loosely in the hole which it has made. 14. When a ball lies in or touches a hazard, the club shall not touch the ground, nor shall anything be touched or moved before the player strikes at the ball, except that the player may place his feet firmly on the ground for the purpose of addressing the ball, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 15. A "hazard" shall be any bunker of whatever nature: water, sand, loose earth, molehills, paths, roads or railways, whins, bushes, rushes, rabbit scrapes, fences, ditches, or anything which is not the 130 OFFICIAL. JSPOKTING BUIiES, the ordinary green of the course, except sand blown on to the grass by wind, or sprinicled on grass for the preservation of the links, or snow or ice, or bare patches on the course. 16. A player or a player's caddie shall not press down or remove any irregularities of surface near the ball, except at the teeing- grourvd, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 17. If any vessel, wheel-barrow, tool, roller, grass-cutter, box, or other similar obstruction has been placed upon the course, such obstruction may be removed. A ball lying on or touching such obstvuction, or on clothes, or nets, or on ground under repair or tem- porarily covered up or opened, may be lifted and dropped at the nea'-est point of the course, but a ball lifted in a hazard shall be dropped in the hazard. A ball lying in a golf hole or flag hole, may be lifted and dropped not more than a club's length behind such hole. IH. When a ball is complete,y covered with fog, bent, whins, etc., on'y so much thereof shall be set aside as that the player shall have a \ iew of his ball before he plays, whether in a line with the hole or otherwise. 19. When a ball is to be dropped, the player shall drop it. He shall front the hole, stand erect behind the hazard, keep the spot from which the ball was lifted (or in the case of running water, the spot at which it entered) in a line between him and the hole, and drop the ba)l behind him from his head, standing as far behind tl-e hazard as he may please. 20. When the balls in play lie within six inches of each other — measured from their earnest points — the ball nearer the hole shall be lifted until the other is played, and shall then be replaced as nearly as possible in its original position. Should the ball farther from the hole be accidentally moved in so doing, it shall be replaced. Should the lie of the lifted ball be altered by the opponent in playing, it may be placed in a lie near to, and as nearly as possible similar to, that from which it was lifted. 21. If the ball lie or be lost in water, the player may drop a ball, under the penalty of one stroke. 22. Whatever happens by accident to a ball in motion, such as its being deflected or stopped by any agency outside the match, or by the forecaddie, is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played from where it lies. Should a ball lodge in anything: moving, such ball, or if it cannot be recovered, another ball shall be dropped as nearly as possible at the spot where the object was when the ball OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 131 lodged in it. But if a ball at rest be displaced by any agency outside the match, the player shall drop it or another ball as nearly as pos- sible at the spot where it lay. On the putting-green the ball may be replaced by hand. 23. If the player's ball strike, or be accidentally moved by an oppo- nent, or an opponent's caddie or dubs, the opponent loses the hole. 24. If the player's ball strike, or be stopped by himself or his part- ner, or either of their caddies or clubs, or if, while in the act of play- ing, the player strike the ball twice, his side loses the hole. 25. If the player, when not making a stroke, or his partner or either of their caddies touch their side's ball, except at the tee, so as to move it, or by touching anything cause it to move, the penalty is one stroke. 26. A ball is considered to have been moved if it leave its original position in the least degree and stop in another; but if a player touch his ball and thereby cause it to oscillate, without causing it to leave its original position, it is not moved in the sense of Kule 25. 27. A player's side loses a stroke if he play the opponent's ball, unless (1) the opponent then play the player's ball, whereby the penalty is canceled, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus exchanged, or (2) the mistake occur through wrong information given by the opponent, in which case the mistake, *if discovered before the opponent has played, must be rectified by placing a ball as nearly as possible where the opponent's ball lay. If it be discovered before either side has struck off at the tee that one side has played out the previous hole with the ball of a party not engaged in the match, that side loses that hole. 28. If a ball be lost, the player's side loses the hole. A ball shall be held as lost if it be not found within five minutes after the search is begun. 29. A ball must be played wherever it lies, or the hole be given up, except as otherwise provided for in the Rules. 30. The term "putting-green" shall mean the ground within 20 yards of the hole, excepting hazaids. 31. All loose impediments may be removed from the putting-green, except the opponent's ball when at a greater distance from the play- er's than six inches. 32. In a match of three or more sides, a ball in any degree lying between the player and the hole must be lifted, or, if on the putting- green, holed out. 132 OFFICIAL SPORTING RUIiES. 33. When the ball is on the putting-green, no mark shall be placed, nor line drawn as a guide. The line to tlie hole may be pointed out, but the person doing so may not touch the ground with the hand or club. The player may have his own or his partner's caddie to stand at the hole, but none of the players or their caddies may move so as to shield the ball from, or expose it to, the wind. The penalty for any breach of this rule is the loss of the hole. 34. The player, or his caddie, may remove (but not press down ) sand, earth, worm casts or snow lying around the hole or on the line of his putt. This shall be done by brushing lightly, with the hand only across the putt and not along it. Dung may be removed to a side by an iron club, but the club must not be laid with more than its own v^eight upon the ground. The putting line must not be touched by the club, hand or foot, except as above authorized, or im- mediately in front of the ball in the act of addressing it, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 35. Either side is entitled to have the flag-stick removed when ap- proaching the hole. If the ball rest against the flag-stick when in the hole, the player shall be entitled to remove the stick, and if the ball fall in, it shall be considered as holed out in the previous stroke. 36. A player shall not play until the opponent's ball shall have ceased to roll, under the penalty of one stroke. Should the player's ball knock in the opponent's ball, the latter shall be counted as holed out in the previous stroke. If, in playing, the player's ball displace the opponent's ball, the opponent shall have the option of re- placing it. 37. A player shall not ask for advice, nor be knowingly advised about the game by word, look or^ gesture from any one except his own caddie, or his partner or partner's caddie, under the penalty of the loss of the hole. 38. If a ball split into separate pieces, another ball may be put down where the largest portion lies, or if two pieces are apparently of equal size, it may be put where either piece lies, at the option of the player. If a ball crack or become implayable, the player may change it, on intimating to his opponent his intention to do so. 39. A penalty stroke shall not be counted the stroke of a player, and shall not affect the rotation of play. 40. Should any dispute aiise on any point, the players have the right of determining the party or parties to whom the dispute shall OFFIOIAIj sporting RUIiES. 133 be referred, but should they not agree, either party may refer it to the Green Committee of the green where the dispute occurs, and their decision shall be final. Should the dispute not be covered by the rules of golf, the arbiters must decide it by equity. SPECIAL RULES FOR MEDAb PbAY. 1. In club competitions, the competitor doing the stipulated course in the fewest strokes shall jje the winner. 2. If the lowest score be made by two or more competitors, the ties shall be decided by another round to be played either on the same or on any other day as the captain, or, in his absence, the secretary shatl direct. 3. New holes shall be made for the medal round, and thereafter no member shall play any stroke on a putting-green before competing. 4. The scores shall be kept by a special marker, or by the competi- tors noting each other's scores. The scores marked shall be checked at the finish of each hole. On completion of the course, the score of the player shall be signed by the person keeping the score and handed to the secretary. 5. If a ball be lost, the player shall return as nearly as possible to the spot where the ball was struck, tee another ball and lose a stroke. If the lost ball be found before he has struck the other ball, the first shall continue in play. 6. If the player's ball strike himself, or his clubs or caddie, or if, in the act of playing, the player strike the ball twice, the penalty shall be one stroke. 7. If a competitor's ball strike the other player, or his clubs or caddie, it is a "rub of the green," and the ball shall be played from where it lies. 8. A ball may, under a penalty of two strokes, be lifted out of a diflticulty of any description, and be teed behind same. 9. All balls shall be holed out, and when play is on the putting- green, the flag shall be removed, and the competitor whose ball is nearest the hole shall have the option of holing out first, or of lifting his ball, if it be in such a position that it might, if left, give an ad- vantage to the other competitor. Throughout the green a competi- tor can have the other competitor's ball lifted, if he find that it in- terferes with his stroke. AND E^X F» U>5s. N ^^T I O W S. Twenty-one aces shall constitute a game. An ace is when a server sends the ball to any part of the outer court beyond the aco line, and it is not returned to the front wall by an op- ponent. All balls must be recoverd on the first bound after reaching the floor. That is, a ball can take the circuit of the four walls before it can be termed returnable. The service is considered to be very difficult when the ball, after hitting the front wall, takes in either the side walls on a fly, bounds on the floor, an A then comes off the back wall; or after hitting one side wall bounds from the floor to tLe back wall, and thence to the other side wall. The great trouble in recover- ing these balls is that the force of their flight is expended when they come in contact with the last wall, and, therefore, drop dead to the floor. If the ball is returned to the front wall the server must re- cover it, either on the fly or flrst bound ; if he fails the hand is out, and his opponent becomes a server. It is allowable to serve at either side of the court, but always within the two parallel lines. Stepping beyond the inner line twice in succession, or hitting either side wall, roof or floor before striking the front wall, or serving three short balls in succession, shall cause the loss of a hand. A low sharp service that can be placed at a side angle of the court without any rise to the ball, or sent to the extreme outside corners, is particularly destructive. Then there are the "Scotch twist," a high service that sends the ball around the court in an irritating fashion, and a towering ball, that does not commence to drop until reaching the corners, and then continues its fall close to the wall. There are a few players, but they can be counted upon one's Angers, who can serve the ball to the right and left without changing their position. This requires a great deal of skill and experience, but it can be done effectively, and should be seen oftener in practice. The ball shall be 1% inches in diameter and 1% ounces in weight. OPPIOTATj sporting RUIiES. 135 The briliianey of the game depends as much upon a good ball as a good pair of hands. An improperly made ball is discouraging to an expert; in fact, no one who has any regard for the safety of his hands, should indulge in the game without first testing the quality of the little sphere. While no general regulations have ever existed in re- gard to this matter, the Brooklyn Handball Club, the leading organi- z ition of the kind in the world, has adopted a standard ball which is recognized at all the prominent courts in America as the best for all purposes. It is constructed with as much care as the Spalding regu- lation baseball, or the standard cricket ball of England. The founda- tion is laid with a round bit of cork or solid rubber. That is wrapped with a thin strip of rubber, upon the top of which is rolled yarn of the finest character. The covering is of horsehide, neatly stitched. A great deal depends on the strength of the wrapping whether the ball will be lively, or just moderately so. Some players like plenty of life in the ball, some admire a hard dead ball, while men like Casey, Dunne, Courtney and other leading ex- perts prefer a well made ball above anything else, one neither too hard nor too soft, but with a true and fairly lively bound. There is a great deal of time and labor expended in perfecting these little globes, and those of the best make are sold for $1 a piece. The Irish ball, as a general rule, differs considerably from the one used in America. They are smaller, and not near as much attention paid to the composition or finish. The harder the ball, the better an Irish expert likes it. As he depends chietly upon service for his suc- cess, he wants a ball that will fairly batter down a front wall. That is the reason while seven-eighths of the players in Ireland at the present time object to the American style of playing the game and adopting their ball. Take the service away from them, and you de- stroy all the effects of their playing. In a four-handed match, parties winning the toss are allowed only one hand at the commencement. The server's partner shall stand inside of the ace line, with his back to either the right or left wall, until the service ball strikes the front wall. All balls striking an opponent shall be a hinder. The server's partner and one ot the opponents generally stand side by side against the left hand wall, if the service is from the right. 136 OFFI(;iAIi SPOETTNG KTTLES. The recoveier is on the alert in the outer court the same as in a single-handed game. It is not compulsory, however, that the op- ponent of the server's partner shall stand just outside^of the ace line. He can go in the outer court and help his partner to recover service, but he may be more useful at the line, particularly to take all line service to the left on the fly. This is a very important position against a heavy server, because in a majority of instances it results in the disposing of the hand. A hinder is when a ball strikes your opponent and retards it from reaching the front wall. For instance, if the recoverer of service should strike either of his opponents with the ball on the way to its destination, it is termed a hinder. If said recoverer, however, strikes his partner instead of an opponent, it is an ace against him. Then again, if the server should be hit by his partner's ball it is a hand out. A great many of these hindrances are accidents pure and sim- ple, but in some instances they can be avoided, and, if in the opinion of the referee the hinder was intentional, an ace can be counted against the side committing it, or a hand be declared out just as the case may be. A server at work frequently hits his partner while standing within the ace line ; this is also called a hinder. If a ball from a server strikes either of his opponents, before or after bound- ing, it becomes non-playable and is counted an ace. When a ball from the server drops anywhere inside of the ace line, the player has the privilege of using his hand or foot; if the hand is used, it counts the same as if it was served regularly over the line; if the foot, the striker or his partner has the privilege of stopping the ball before it reaches the front wall. If the ball after being struck with the foot gets to the front wall, the striker or his partner !:hall have to return it before stopping it. The use of the foot is not very frequent, and is not considered to be at all scientiflc. There is considerable talk of barring the play altogether. It is claimed that it would b6 difficult as well as danger- ous to cultivate the style, and what effectiveness could be reached, would be more than offset by injuries to players. Only one hand shall be used in striking the ball, otherwise a foul is committed, and the punishment is the loss of a hand or an ace. OFFICIAL. SPORTING RULES. 137 'After a server and partner shall have been retired, they must be allowed sufficient time to take their positions in the outer eourt. All claims shall be decided by the referee, whose decisions are liual. This is one of the most interesting- features connected with the game as it is played in America. If there is a single-handed or d' ' ^ ' { 3 < D 9 H Ihe court on either side. The height of the net is 3 feet 6 inches at the posts, and 3 feet at the middle. At each end of the court, parallel with the net, and 39 feet from it, are drawn t!ie base lines DE and FG, the ends of which are connected by the side Ihies DF and EG. Half way be- tween side lines, and parallel v/ith them, is drawn the half- court line 111, dividin^T Hie spare on each side of the net OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 155 into two equal parts, the right and left courts. On each side of the net, at a distance of 21 feet from it, and parallel with it, are drawn the service lines KL and MN. THE BALLS. 2. The Bails shall be the Wright & Ditson, shall measure not less than 2if inches, nor more than 2 1^ inches in diameter; and shall weigh not less than i[| ozs., nor more than two ozs. I THE GAME. 3. The choice of sides and the right to serve in the tirst game shall be decided by toss ; provided, that if the winner of the toss choose the right to serve, the other player shall have choice of sides, and vice versa, or the winner of the toss may insist upon a choice by his opponent. If one player chooses the court, the other may elect not to serve. 4. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the net ; the player who first delivers the ball shall be called the server, and the other the striker-out. 5. At the end of the first game the striker-out shall be- come server, and the server shall become striker-out ; and so on alternately in all the subsequent games of the set, or series of sets. 6. The Server shall serve with one foot on the ground, immediately behind the base line ; the other foot may be anywhere, except touching the base line or the ground within the*court. He shall deliver the service from the right to the left courts, alternately ; beginning from the right. 7. The ball served must drop between the service line, half-court line, and side line of the court, diagonally op- posite to that from which it was sei-ved. 8. It is a Fau It if the server fails to strike the ball, or if* the ball sensed drops in the net, or beyond the service line. 156 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. or out of court, or in the wrong court ; or if the server does not stand as directed by law 6. 9. A fault cannot be taken. 10. After a fault the server shall serve again from the same court from which he served that fault, unless it was a fault because he served from the wrong court. 11. A fault cannot be claimed after the next service is delivered. 12. The server shall not serve till the striker-out is ready. If the latter attempts to return the service he shall be deemed ready. 13. A service or fault delivered when the striker-out is not ready, counts for nothing. 14. The service shall not be volleyed, i. e., taken, before it has touched the ground. 15. A ball is in play on lea\ang the server's racquet except as provided for in law 8. 16. It is a good return, although the ball touches the net; but a service, otherwise good, which touches the net, shall count for nothing. 17. The server wins a stroke if the striker-out volleys the service, or if he fails to return the service or the ball in play ; or if he returns the service or the ball in play so that it drops outside of his opponent's court ; or i^ he otherwise loses a stroke, as provided by law 20. 18. The striker-out wins a stroke if the server serves two consecutive faults ; or if he fails to return the ball in play; or if he returns the ball in play so that it drops out- side of his opponent's court ; or if he otherwise loses a stroke, as provided by law 20. 19. A ball falling on a line is regarded as falling in the court bounded by that line. 20. Either player loses a stroke if the ball touches him, or anything that he wears or carries, except his racquet OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 157 In the act of striking ; or if lie touches the ball wilh his racquet more than once; or if he touches the net or any of its supports while the ball is iu play ; or if he volleys the ball before it has passed the net. 21. In case a player is obstructed by any accident, not within his control, the ball shall be considered a '* let.'' But where a permanent fixture of the court is the cause of the accident the point shall be counted. The benches and chairs placed around the court shall be considered permanent fixtures. If, however, a ball in play strikes a permanent fixture of the court (other than the net or posts), before it touches the ground, the point is lost ; if after it has touched the ground, the point shall be counted. 22. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called 15 for that player ; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called 30 for that player ; on either player winning his third stroke, the stroke is called 40 for that player ; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that player, except as below : If both players have won three strokes, the score is called deuce; and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for that player. If the same player wins the next stroke, he wins the game ; if he loses the next stroke the score returns to deuce ; and so on until one player wins the two strokes immediately following the score of deuce, when game is scored for that player. 23. The player who first wins six games, wins the set, except as below : If both players win five games, the i.core is called games all; and the next game won by either player is scored advantage game for that player. If the same player wins the next game he wins the set ; if he loses the next game, the score returns to games all ; and so on until either player wins the two games imme- diately following the score of games all, when he wins 158 OFFICIAL SPOBTINGJ BUIiES. the set. But the committee having charge of any tourna- ment may, in their discretion, modify tliis rule by the omission of advantage sets. 24. The players shall change sides at the end of every set, but the umpire, on appeal from either player before the toss for choice, shall direct the players to change sides at the end of the first, third, lifth and every succeeding alternate game of each set; but if the appeal be made after the toss for choice the umpire may only direct the play- ers to change sides at the end of the lirst, third, tifth and every succeeding alternate game of the odd or deciding set. If the players change courts in the alternate games throughout the match as above, they shall play in the first game of each set after the lirst in the courts in which they respectively did not play in the lirst game of the set immediately preceding. 25. When a vSeries of sets is pla3'ed, the player who served in the last game of one set shall be striker-out in the first game of the next. 26. In all contests the play shall be continuous frot 1 the first service until the match be concluded, provided, however, that between all sets after the second set, either player is entitled to a rest, which shall not exceed seven minutes, and, provided further, that in case of an unavoid- able accident, not within the control of the contestants, a cessation of play which shall not exceed, two minutes may be allowed between points, but this proviso shall be strictly construed, and the privilege never granted for the purpose of allowing a player to recover his strength or wind. The umpire, in his discretion, may at any time postpone the match on account of darkness or condition of the ground or weather, la any case of postponement OrnClATj SPOBTING RULES. the previous score shall hold good. Where the play has ceased for more than an hour, the player who at the cessa- tion thereof was in the court first chosen, shall have the choice of courts on the recommencement of play. He shall stay in the court he chooses for the remainder of th:.- set. The last two sentences of this rule do not apply when the players change every alternate game, as provided by Rule 24. 27 The above laws shall apply to the three-handed and four-handed games, except as below : THE THREE-HANDHD AND FOUR-HANDED GAMES. A M B 28, For the three-handed and four-handed games the court shall be 36 feet in width ; 4>^ feet inside the side lines, and parallel with them are drawn the service side lines KM and LN. The service lines are not drawn beyond the point at which they meet the service side lines, as shown in the diagram. 29. In the three-handed game, the single player shall serve in every p-lternate game. 160 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 30. In the four-handed game, the pair who have the right to serve in the first game shall decide which partner shall do so ; and the opposing pair shall decide in like manner for the second game. The partner of the plaj^er who served in the first game shall serve in the third, and the partner of the player who served in the second game shall serve in the fourth, and the same order shall be maintained in all the subsequent games of the set. 31. At the beginning of the next set either partner of the pair which struck out in the last game of th*^ last set may serve ; and the same privilege is given to Jeir op- ponents in second game of the new set. 32. The players shall take the service alternately throughout the game ; a player cannot receive a service delivered to his partner; and the order of service and striking-out once established shall not be altered, nor shall the striker-out change courts to receive the service, till the end of the set. 33. If a player serve out of his turn, the umpire, as soon as the mistake is discovered, shall direct the player to serve who ought to have served. But all strokes scored before such discovery shall be counted. If a game shall have been completed before such discovery, then the service in the next alternate game shall be delivered by the player who did not serve out of his turn, and so on in regular rotation. 34. It is a fault if the ball served does not drop between the service line, half-court line, and service side line of the court, diagonally opposite to that from which it was served. 35. It is a fault if the ball served does not drop as pro- vided in law 34, or if it touches the server's partner or anything he wears or carries. 36. There shall be a reiieree for every touffiament, OFFTCIATj SPOTiTTNa RULEft. 16i whose name shall be stated in the circulaf announcing 3uch tournament. He shall have general charge of the matches, under the instructions and advice of the manag- ing committee, with such power and authority as may be given him by these rules and by said committee. He shall notify the committee in case he intends to leave the grounds during the matches, and the committee shall appoint a substitute to act, with like powers, during his absence. There shall be an umpire for each match, and as many linesmen as the players desire. The umpire may act as linesman also. The umpire shall have general charge of the match, and shall decide upon and call "lets,"' and also decide whether the player took the ball on the first or second bounce. The umpire shall also decide any question of interpretation or construction of the rules that may arise. The decision of the umpire upon any question of fact, or where a discretion is allowed to him under these rules, shall be final. Any player, however, may protest against any interpretation or construction of the rules by the umpire, and appeal to the referee. The de- cision of the referee upon such appeal should be final. The court shall be divided between the linesmen, and it shall be their only duty to decide, each for his share of the court, where the ball touched the ground, except, however, the linesmen for the base lines, who shall also call foot faults. The linesmen's decisions shall be final. If a lineman is unable to give a decision because he did not see or is uncertain of the fact, the umpire shall decide or direct the stroke to be played again. ODDS. 37. A Bisque is one point which can be taken by the receiver ofthe odds at any time in the set, except as follows: 162 OFFICIAL SPOKTINtt ItULES. {a. ) A biSqUft eamiot be taken after a service is delivered. {b.) The server may not take a bisque after a fault, r)ut the striker-out may do so. 38. One or more bisques may be given to increase or diminish other odds. 39. Half fifteen is one stroke given at the beginning ot llie second, fourth, aud every subsequent alternate game of a set. 40. Fifteen is one stroke given at the beginning of every game of a set, 41. Half thirty is one stroke given at the beginning of the first game, two strokes given at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately in all the subsequent games of the set. 42. Thirty is two strokes given at the beginning of every game of the set. 43. Half forty is two strokes given at the beginning of the first game, three strokes given at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately in all the subse- quent games of the set. 44. Forty is three strokes given at the beginning of every game of a set. 45. Half Court : the players may agree into which half court, right or left, the giver of the odds shall play ; and the latter loses a stroke if the ball returned by him drops outside any of the lines which bound that half court. 46. Owed odds are where the giver of the odds starts behind scratch. 47. Owe half fifteen is one stroke owed at the begin- ning of the first, third, and every subsequent alternate game of a set. 48. Owe fifteen is one stroke owed at the beginning of every game of a set. 49. Owe half thirty is two strokes owed at the begin' OFFICTAIi SPORTING RULES. 163 ning of the first game, one stroke owed at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately through all the subsequent games of the set. 50. Owe thirtv is two strokes owed at the beginning oi every game of a set. 51. Owe half forty is thre'^ strokes owed at the begin- ning of the first game, two strokes owed at the beginning of the second game, and so on alternately in all subse- quent games of the set. 52. Ov^e forty is three strokes owed at the beginning oi every game of a set. "cjiy RE:GI_JLATriOISIS OF THE Na.tior\a.l Rifle Associa.tioi\ or I.— MANAGEMENT. A.— ANNUAL MEETINGS. 1. Anftual meeting^s for competition will be conducted by an Executive Officer, wearing a tri-colored badge, aided by a Sta- tistical Officer, wearing a blue badge, a Financial Officer, wearing a tvhite badge, a Eange Officer, wearing a red badge, and assistants wearing badges corresponding in color to those worn by the chiefs of their respective departments. 2. The Executive Officer shall have control of the Kange for the conduct of matches, and shall appoint an adjutant to assist him. 3. The Statistical Officer shall have charge of all statistics. 4 The Financial Officer shall have charge of all finances corinected with these meetings. 5 The Kange Officer shall have charge of all Firing Points, and of the shooting thereat. B.— OTHER COMPETITIONS. 1. All other Association competitions Avill be conducted by an Officer or Director of the Association, or other competent person previously designated as the Executive Officer. In the absence of the Officer, Director, or other person previously designated, the Assistant Secretary or Superintendent of Range shall act as the Executive Officer. OFFICIAIi SPORTING BULES. 166 II —GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. During the progress of a match, no one, except the Offi- cers, Directors or employees of the Association, the competi- tors and the Scorekeepers, will be permitted within the ropes, without special permission of the Range Officer. 2. The squads of competitors will be stationed not less than four yards in rear of the firing points, where each competitor must remain until called by the Scorekeeper to take his posi- tion at the firing point, and until he has completed his score. The Scorekeeper will be seated close to and in rear of the firing point stakes. 3. Scorekeepers .<^hall, as each shot is signalled, call in a loud voice the name of the competitor and the value of the shot, and at the conclusion of the score of each competitor, announce in like manner his name and total score. Competitors must pay attention to the scores as announced and recorded, so that any error may be promptly investigated. Scorekeepers shall write upon the blackboard the names of the competitors in each squad or file, in the order in which they are to fire. They shall record each shot upon the black- board before entering it upon the score card, and shall not erase from tlie blackboard the names or scores of competitors until a proper officer has verified the score cards with them. 4. All competitors will be allowed to examine the records of the Scorekeeper during the progress of any match upon appli- cation to the Range or Executive Officer. 5. All protests and objections must be made to the Executive Officer, or, in his absence, to the Range Officer in charge. In case a competitor is dissatisfied with the decision of the latter, he may appeal to the Executive Officer, All protests must be niade in Avriting, in duplicate. These must be given to the Range Officer within two hours of the occurrence. One copy of the protest will be submitted to the party protested against, as soon as practicable. Except that when the protest charges fraud, it may be made at any time before the prizes for that competition have been awarded. 6. Any competitor feeling himself aggrieved by the ruling of an Executive Officer may make to the Secretary a statement of his grievance in writing, giving the names of two or more 166 OFFICIAIi SPORTTNCt RULES. witnesses in the case, which shall be handed to the Executive Committee at its first meeting thereafter for its consideration. Tiie decision of the Executive Committee shall be final, subject however, to the discretion of said Committee or any two members of it, to refer the matter to the Board ot Directors for its decision. 7. All practice upon the Eange is subordinate and must give way to matches of the Association, except as directed by the Executive Officer or Kange Committee. 8. These regulations and such special rules or directions ar the Executive Officer may give, must be rigidly complied wHh by competitors and all other persons upon the Kange grounds, III.-RIFLES. The riftes allowed in the competitions are : First, Military rifles; second, Special Military rifles; third, any rifle and must comply with the following conditions; viz. : 1. Military Rifles to be such as have been adopted by the United States Government, for use in the army, or by any State or Territory for the use of its uniformed militia— except such rifles as have been specially issued to sharpshooters, or for experimental purposes. Filing or altering the sights of such rifles, except as authorized by the proper military authorities, is strictly prohibited. 2. Special Military Rifles, to be fitted with an arrange- ment for fixing a bayonet, or such other device as may be employed to take the place of a bayonet. Stock to be suffi- ciently strong for service purposes, and to be fitted with a metal cleaning rod and swivels for a sling ; weight (without bayonet) not to exceed nine and one-quarter pounds. In all military rifles the minimum trigger pull shall be six pounds. JSights may be such as are allowed on military rifles or of such other pattern as may have been approved by the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association. The sight protector of the front sight may be used as a shade for the same. 3. Any Rifle, maximum weight ten pounds, minimum pull of trigger three pounds; sights of any description except telescope, magnifying and such front aperture sights as solid OFPICIATi SPORTING RULES. 167 disks or bushes pierced in the centre, which cover the target so as to conceal the danger signal when displayed. No stirrup constructed of metal or other substance, cjnnected to the rifle by straps of any kind, for the purpose of taking up or lessen- ing its recoil, will be allowed. 4. The usual military sling and swivels may be used. 5. Competitors shall submit their rifles and ammunition for inspection whenever required. 6. No hair or set trigger will be allowed. 7. No fixed or artificial rests will be alloweil. IV.- AM MUNITION. For any military or special military rifle, any form of fixed ammunition may be used in which the bullet is securely in- serted in the shell to a depth not less than two-third the diameter of the bore, so that the cartridge may be carried in a belt, bullet down. For any rifle any ammunition may be used. When a breech- loader is used it must not be loaded, or when a muzzle-loader is used it must not be capped until the competitor has taken up his position at the firing point. v.— TARGETS. The targets are divided into three classes, and shall be of the following sizes, unless otherwise stated in the terms of the match : 1. Third Class, to be used at all distances up to, and includ- ing, 300 yards— Target 4x6 feet. Bullseye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. Centre, " 26 Inner, '• 46 " " Outer, remainder of target. 2. Second Class, to be used at all distances over 800, to, and including, 600 yards— Target 6x6. Bullseye, circular, 22 inches in diameter. Centre, '• 38 •■ Inner, " 54 " '• Outer, remainder of target. 168 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 3. First Class, to be used at all distances over 600 yards- Target 6x12. Bullseye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. Centre, •' 54 " " Inner, square, 6x6 feet. Outer, remainder of target. VI.— MAKKING, SCORING AND SIGNALLING. 1. Bullseye, counts 5; signal, white circular disk. Centre, ■' 4; " red Inner, "3; " white and black " Outer, " 2; " black Ricochet, scored R ; " red flag waved twice, right and left, in front of the target. Ricochet hits will be marked out after the flag signal. 2. When a shot strikes the angle iron upon which the target stands, the marker will open the trap and raise and lower his flag three times in front of the target. 3. Any objection to the record of a shot as signalled, or to one not signalled, must be made before another shot is fired. Any competitor challenging the marking of a shot, shall first deposit with the Executive Officer, or his representative, the sum of $1. If his challenge is sustained the money shall be returned. In case the challenge is not sustained, the money shall be forfeited to the Association. The challenger shall not be permitted to inspect the target. 4. When two shots strike the target simultaneously, the shot having the higher value will be marked first, and the competitor whose proper turn it was to shoot will be credited with that value. 5. Any alteration of a scoring ticket must be witnessed by the officers in charge of the firing point, and indorsed with his initials. VII.— BULLSEYE TARGETS. 1. Bullseye targets will be open all the time during the Annual Meetings. 2. Tickets (entitling the holder to one shot at any Bullseye target) will be sold at the office of the Financial Officer, upon the Range, at 10 cents each, or twelve for $1. officiaij sportixg rules. 169 3. Each competitor making a Bullseye will receive a Bulls- eye ticket, provided he fires in the position authorized at that Range. 4. At the close of the firing each evening, the pool receipts (less one-half retained for expenses) will be divided pro ra^a among those making Bullseyes, on presentation of their tickets. 5. No person will be allowed to fire more than three shots consecutively at any Bullseye target, provided others are waiting to fire. VIII.- MATCHES. 1. The commencement of the Annual Meetings will be sig- nalled by the firing of a gun, or blowing a horn at intervals of fifteen minutes. The first will be the signal for competitors and scorekeepers to assemble at the firing points, and the s»^cond to commence firing. 2. The matches will take place, if possible, at the hour pre- viously named. Any deviation from the programmes will be posted upon the bulletin-board as long beforehand as practica- ble. The posting upon such buUetin-board will be considered sufficient notice to alt competitors of everything so posted. It should be examined by all competitors daily, both morning and afternoon, before the shooting commences. 3. In team matches, at Annual Meetings, an officer will be assigned to each of the firing points as Supervisor, and will, in connection with the Scorekeeper, keep a record of the firing ; and any disagreement between such Officer and Scorekeeper will be decided by the Executive Officer, subject to appeal, as provided for in the Regulations. 4. Each Team may appoint a responsible person to act as Supervisor, whose duty it shall be to see that the rules of the N.R.A. are strictly adhered to by the team at whose target he may be assigned. 5. No practice will be allowed upon the Range on any of the days of the Annual Meetings, unless speciall\' authorized bylhe Executive Officer This does not apply to days upon which special matches of the Association, or of affiliating asso- ciations or clubs, take place. 170 OFFICIAIi SPORTING BULES. :' IX.— ENTRIES. A.— ANNUAL MEETINGS. 1. In all cases competitors for prizes offered to military or- ganizations must be either officers or regularly enlisted mem- bers in good standing of the Regiment, Battalion, Company or Troop which they represent, and shall have been such for at least three months prior to the match for which they are entered. 2. Entries must be made at the office of the Association, in New York City, prior to the Sunday preceding the commence- ment of the meetings, and all subsequent entries shall be called Post Entries, and a charge of 25 per cent, additional will be imposed upon all such Post Entries. This does not apply to re-entry matches. 3. Competitors who are prevented from being present at any meeting shall have the entrance fees they have paid returned after the meeting, provided that they send their tickets, and give written notice to the Secretary before the day on which the prize for which they have entered has been announced for competition. 4. Competitors prevented from competing by illness will receive back their entrance fees in full, on production of a medical certiiicate and their entry tickets. 5. The holders of post entry tickets may be ordered to fire whenever target accommodations can be provided, but should they be precluded from competing by deficiency of target accommodation, their entrance fees will be returned to them, the Executive Oftlcer not being able to guarantee accommo- dation for all such entries. 6. All entries are received upon the express condition that the competitor is to appear at the firing-point at the exact time named upon his score card, and complete his score within the limitation of time prescribed, regardless of weather or any other cause. 7. The same person shall not be a member of more than one team in the same match. 8. Competitors selected to shoot in team matches, or who are detailed to shoot off a tie, at a particular hour, and who find that such engagements will interfere with their shooting OFFlOIATi SPORTTNri ItULiES. 171 In other competitions, must at once communicate with thf Executive Officer. These cases will be provided for, ivhen pos- sible, by altering the hour; and when that cannot be done, the entry will be cancelled and the entranee fee refunded, except in cases of ties, when he takes the next lowest prize. B.— GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. A register ticket may be transferred at any time before the firing for the match has commenced, by exchanging it at the office of the Statistical Officer for one having the name of the new holder. It is available only for the hour and target for which it was originally issued. Any erasure or alteration of hour or target not initialed by the Executive Officer will render the ticket invalid. 2. No post entries shall be received for any competition after the firing in such competition has commenced, unless expressly permitted by the terms of a match. X. -SHOOTING. 1. Competitors must be present at the firing-points punctu- ally at the time stated upon their tickets, or forfeit their right to shoot. 2. After a competitor has joined a squad he shall not quit it until he has completed his firing, or retired. 3. No two competitors squadded to fire at the same time shall shoot with the same ritle. 4. In all competitions confined to members of niilitary or- ganizations, competitors shall shoot in a uniform, to consist of a military head-dress, uniform jacket or coat, and a body belt, to be worn as is usual in their corps. 5. In each match of the Annual Meetings, except where otherwise stated, the squad or team assigned to each target will be required to commence firing at the time named on the score card, and to continue firing at the rate of one shot per minute until the completion of tne score. 6. The time for each squad to commence and close, will be signalled by firing a gun or blowing a horn every thirty min- utes, from 9 A. M. to 5.30 p. M.; and no firing by any of its members will be permitted except between those signals. In case a competitor, without fault on his part, has been pre- ]L72 Ol'FlCMALi SPOKTING RULES. vent^ed from linishing his score within that time, he may apply to the Executive Officer for further assignment, t he granting of which will be in the discretion of that officer. 7. Competitors retiring from matches forfeit all claims therein. 8. No sighting shots will he allowed in any match, but targets will be assigned as Bullseye Targets at which competitors may practice at any time, provided such practice does not inter- fere with their presence at the designated time at the firing- point to which they may have been assigned, or in case of teams, after the hour named for the commencement of their shooting. 9. In all competitions restricted to military rifles, the com- petitors shall place themselves at the firing-point by twos, and shall fire alternately until they have fired all their shots. IjO. In other competitions the competitors shall fire their shots alternately throughout the squad. 11. No rifle shall be cleaned or wiped out, except between ranges, unless specially allowed by the terms of the match 12. Whenever the danger signal is displayed, competitors about to fire will be required to ope a the breech block of their rifles (if breech-loaders). If they leave the firing-point the>' must withdraw the cartridge. 13. Any competitor delaying his squad, will be passed by. In no case will the firing be delayed to enable a competitor to procure a rifle. - 14. Competitors must shoot their scores at different dis- tances, in the order named in the conditions of the compe- tition. 15. In all competitions, unless otherwise provided by their terms, competitors will be allowed one minute to each shot. 16. Warning shots must be fired into the bank between the targets. XI.— POSITION. UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED IN THE TERMS OF THE MATCH, SHALL BE AS FOLLOWS: 1; In all matches (except those specially for carbines), the position up to and including 303 yards, shall be standing. The elbow may be rested against the body. offioiatj sporting rules. IVS 2. In carbine matches, the position at 200 yardi sliali be standig; at 300 yards, tineeling or sitting; over that distance, any position (as prescribed for infantry). 3. In all other matches, at distances above 300 yards, any position maj' be talven without artificial rest to the ritle or body. 4. One-armed competitors will be allowed to use false arms without extra support, in the standing, sirtiii;^: and kneeling [.((sitions. 5. In all cases the ritte shall be held clear of the ground. XII.— TIES. t . Ties shall be decided as follows : A.— IN INDIVIDUALi SHOOTING. 1. When the firing takes place at more than one distance, by 1 he total score maile at the longest distance ; and if still a, t ie, and there be three distances in the competition by the total score at the second distance. 2. By the fewest outers in the entire score. 3. By the fewest inners in the entire score. 4. In handicap matches (after the preceding), by the fewest CENTRES in the entire score. 5. If still a tie, by inverse order of shots, counting singly from the last to the tirst. 6. In matches where two or more scores added together count, if still a tie, by adding together the last shots of each single score, and if still a tie, by adding together the next to the last and so on. 7. By firing three shots at the longest range, and if still a tie, by firing single shots until the tie is decided. B.— IN TEAM SHOOTING. 1. By the aggregate total scores made at the different dlB- tances in inverse order. 2. By the fewest outers iu the entire score. 3. By the fewest inners iu the entire score. 4. By the total of each round in inverse order. 5. By the competitor on each side who has made the highest set^re, firing five rounds at the longest distance. 1?4 OFPlOtAIi SPORTING UTILES. C— IN HANDICAP MATCHES. I. In case of ties in handicap matches, the handicap shall be added to the lirst shot or shots scored below a bull. II. The names of competitors who have to shoot off ties will be posted on the bulletin-board as soon after each match as practicable. III. When the ties are shot off, one sightinjr shot shall be allowed without charge. IV. Competitors not present at the firing points at the hour named for shooting off ties, lose their right to shoot. V. If, having forfeited their right to compete, they shall still l)e within the number of prize winners, they shall take any l)rize that may be allotted to them by the Executive Com- mittee. XIII.— PRIZES. 1. Unless otherwise specified, no competitor will be allowed to take more than one prize in any competition. 2. Prize winners, upon application to the Statistical Officer on the Range, will receive certificates, which must be given up on receiving the prizes. 3. Prizes will be delivered on the Range at the close of the meeting, under direction of the Prize Committee, unless other- wise specified. 4. Any trophy competed for annually must be delivered to the Secretary of the National Rifle Association, by the organi- zation or individual holding it, at least one week before the opening of the meeting at which it is again to be competed for. 5. All prizes and Bullseye money not claimed within thirty (lays after the day on which the same was won, shall be for- feited to the Association. XIV.— PENALTIES. Competitors must make themselves acquainted with the regulations as well as with the conditions of any match for which tliey may have entered, as the plea of ignorance of either of tliem will not be entertained. OFFICIAI. SPOTTING RULES. 176 DISQUALIFICATION . Any competitor- fa)— Who shall fire in a name other than that under which he entered, or who shall fire twice for the same prize, unless permitted by the conditions of the competition to do so ; or— (^)— Who shall be guilty of any conduct considered by the Board of I' i rectors or the Executive Committee as discredit- able ; or— (c)— Who shall be guilty of falsifying his score or being accessory thereto ; or— (d)— Who shall offer a bribe of any kind to an employe- shall, upon the occurrence being pioved to the satisfaction of the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, forfeit all his entrance fees, be forever disqualified from competing at any time upon the Kange of the Association, and shall not be entitled to have any prize won by him at the time of meeting awarded to him. EXCIiUSION FKOM FUKTHER COMPETITION. 1. Any competitor who shall be detected in an evasion of the conditions prescribed for the conduct of any match, shall be ruled out of such competition. 2. Any competitor, in any meeting or match, refusing to obey any instructions of the Executive Officer, or his assis- tants, or violating any of these regulations, or being guilty of disorderly conduct, or being intoxicated, will be immediately ruled out of all further competitions during such meeting or match, and forfeit his entrance fees ; and may also be reported to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, and be by them disqualified from the use of the Eange. 3. Any competitor firing when the danger flag or trap disk is shown at the target or firing point, or knowingly discharg- ing his rifle except at a target to which he has been assigned, or into the blowing-off pits, or as may be directed by an Officer, shall be debarred from all further competitions during the meeting, and shall forfeit his entrance fees. This shall not apply to a competitor accidentally firing at the wrong target, when no danger disk is up. 176 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. ■i. Any i)f' rson discharging a rifle or snapping a cap within the enclosure, except in accordance with the regulations for shooting, may, at tlie discretion of the Executive Officer, be requiied to leave the ground. 5. Any competitor or other person found with a loaded rifle, except at the iiring-points and when about to shoot, shall be •iebarred from further competition durmg that meeting or e of any make, of any established manufacturer, generally pro- curable in stores, and brought to the shooting-point in im- broken boxes, with the label of the manufacturer intact. Cleaning.— In any match where both pistols and revolvers are allowed, competitors may clean their arms at will, pro- vided such cleaning does not delay the firing, which shall be at the rate of one shot per minute, or oftener during the firing of each score, except in case of accident. In such case the time may be extended, in the discretion of the executive officer. In matches confined to revolvers the cylinder must be fully charged, or a suificient number of chambers charged to com- plete the score. Blowing into or cleaning the barrel in any way will not be permitted, except when the cylinder is com- pletely discharged. Loading and Firing.— 'No arms shall be loaded except at the tiring-point, the muzzle of piece being kept in the direction of the target till the arm is either discharged or unloaded. Missfires shall not count; but an accidental discharge shall, in every instance, be counted. Position.— The position shall be as follows : Standing, free from any other artiticial support; the pistol or revolver held in one hand only, with the arm extended free from the bod>', and unsupported in any way. The rear sight of the pistol or revolver shall not be nearer to the eyo than 12 inches. Targets.— The Standard American target, full size having an eight-inch bull, shall be used in matches at 50 yards distance. The same target reduced to one-half size, having a four-inch 1^ OFFIOIAIi SPOKTING RUIiES. bull, in matches at 30 yards' distance. The same target re; duced to one-quarter size, having a two-inch bull, in matches at 20 yards' distance. The tai get j-educed in the same propor- tion to distance, in matches of a lesser range. Marking and Scoring.-VnleBS otherwise specitied, each com- petitor will have a separate target provided and will lire his score throughout, when the target will be examined by the scorer and the score i-ecorded. In case of any dispute as to the value of a shot, the same may be challenged, as provided for iu Rule 3, Sec. 4, of shooting rules governing ritle compe- titions. RULERS FOR Inar\imate Target Sl\ootir\g. RULE 1.— JUDGES AND EEPEREE. Two Judges and a Keferee, or a Referee alone, shall be selected by the management, or the contestants, whose deci- sion shall be final. RULE 2.— DUTIES OP THE REFEREE. The Referee shall see that the traps are properly set at the beginning of the match, and kept in order to the finish. He shall [endeaver to make the targets conform to the flight and direction indicated in Rule No. 7. He shall test any trap upon application of the shooter at any time by throwing a trial target therefrom. He may at any time, and must when so requested by a contestant, select one or more cartridges from those of a shooter at a score, and publicly test the same for proper loading. If the catridge, or cartridges, are found to be improperly loaded, the shooter shall suffer the penalty as pro- vided for in Rule No. 11. RULE 3.— SCORER. A Scorer shall bo appointed, by the management, whose score shall be the official one. All scoring shall be done with ink, or indelible pencil. The scoring of a lost target shall be indicated by an " o," and a broken target by the figure " 1." RULE 4.— PULLER. A Puller, or Pullers, shall be appointed by the management, whose duty it shall be to see that the trap or traps shall be instantly sprung when the shooter calls " Pull," and shall be 184 OFFICIAL SPOKTING RULES. placed in such a position that the shooter will have no means of knowing by his actions which trap is to be pulled. In .single target shooting he shall pull the traps as decided by a trap-pulling indicator, or other means that may have been pro- vided by the management, so that the shooter will have no means of knowing which trap the target is to be thrown from. EULE 5.— PULLING THE TRAPS. Section 1. Traps may be pulled in regular order from 1 to 3. or 1 to 5, or vie • versa, if so decided by the management. Sec. 2. If the shooting is from traps to be pulled in regular order, the shooter may refuse the target from the trap not so pulled ; but if he shoots, the result must be scored. Sec. 3. If the trap is sprung before, or at any noticeable interval after the shooter calls '• Pull," he can accept or refuse the target; but if he shoots, the result must be scored. Sec. 4. If the puller, or pullers, do not pull in accordance to the indicator, or other means provided, they shall be removed and others substituted. RULE. 6. —ARRANGEMENT OF TRAPS. All matches shall be shot from three or five traps, set level, three or five yards apart, in the segment of a circle, or in a straight line. When in the segment oi a circle, the radius of the circle shall be eighteen yards. In all cases the shooter's position shall not bo less from eaclJ trap than the rises pro- vided for in Rule 7. The traps shall be numbered from 1, on the left, to No. 3 or No. 5, on the right, consecutively, accord- ing to the number used. RULE 7.— ADJUSTING TRAPS. Section 1. All traps must be adjusted to thow the targets a distance not less than 40 yards, nor more than 60 yards. If any trap be found too weak to throw the required distance, a new trap or spring that will, must be substituted. Sec. 2. The lever or projecting arm of the trap shall be so adjusted that the elevation of the target in its flight at a distance of 10 yards from the trap shall not be more than 12 feet, nor less than 6 feet, and the angles of flight shall be as follows : OFFIOIATi SPORTING RULES. 185 If three traps are used- No. i trap shall be set to throw a left quartering target. No. 2 trap shall be set to throw a straightaway target. No. 3 trap shall be set to throw a right quartering target. If live traps are used — No. 1 trap shall be set to throw a right quartering target. No. 2 trap shall be set to throw a left quartering target. No. 3 trap shall be set to throw a straighta^vay target. No. 4 trap shall be set to throw a right quartering target. No. 5 trap shall be set to throw a left quartering target. Traps Nos. 1 and 5 shall be set to throw the targets so that the line of flight shall cross that of the straightaway target at a point of not less than 10 yards nor more than 20 yards from trap No. 3. Sec. 3. After the traps are set for these angles, if the target for any reason shall take a different course it shall be consid- ered a fair target, provided, the trap has not been changed. RULE 8.— SCREENS. Either pits or screens, or both, may be used, but the screens must not be higher than is actually necessary to fully protect the ti-apper. RULE 9.— THE RISE. In single target shotting the rise shall be : 18 yards for 10-bore guns. 16 >'ards for 12-bore guns^ 14 yards for 14 and 16-bore guns. 13 yards for 20-bore guns. In double target shooting the rise shall be : 10 yards for 10-bore guns. 14 yards for 12-bore guns. 12 yards for 14 and 16-bore guns. 11 yards for 20-bore guns. All distances measured in tli<\so rules must be accurate measui'ement. RULE 10.— CALIBER AND WEIGHT OF GUNS. No gun of larger caliber than 10-boie shall l>f> used, and the weight of ail guns shall be unlimited. 186 OFFICIAT. SPORTTNG RTTLES. RULE 11.— LOADS. Charge of powder uiiliuiited, Charge of shot not to exceed one and one-quarter ounces American Association, or Dixon's measure, struck . An>^ shooter using a larger quantity of shot shall forfeit his entrance money and rights in the match. NOTE -If in the cpinlon of the manaeement. with Iho unanimous consent of the cjn.estaots. a snooter has not wilfuUy v olated this rule, hti en- trance money shall be returned to him. RULE 12.— LOADING GUNS. In single target shooting, only one barrel shall be loaded at a time, and the cartridge shall not be placed in the barrel until after the shooter has taken his position at the score. In double target shooting, both barrels shall be loaded at the score. Cartridges must be removed from the gun before leaving the score. RULE 13.— POSITION OF GUN. Any the shooter may adopt. RULE 14.— SINGLE TARGET SHOOTING. When the traps are set in the segment of a circle, each con- testant shall shoot at three or more targets before leaving the score. If two targets are sprung at the same time and the contestant does not shoot, it shall be declared "No target;" but if he shoots, the result must be scored. RULE 15.— DOUBLE TARGET SHOOTING. Both traps must be pulled simultaneously, and each con- testant shall sho.^t at three or live pairs, consecutively, thrown as follows: If three traps are used, the first pair shall be thrown from 1 and 2, the second pair from 2 and 3, the third pair from 1 and 3. the fourth pair from 1 and 2, and the fifth pair from 2 and 3. If live traps are used, the rirstpaii- shall be thrown from 2 and 3 the second pair from 3 and 4, the third pair from 2 and 4, the fourth pair from 2 and 3, and the fifth pair from 3 and 4. If only one target is thrown, it shall be declared "No tar- gets." If a target be lost for leasons stated in Rule 19, Sec. 1, iL Bhall be declared "No targets." If one be a fair and the othe.- OFFICIAIi SPOETING KULES. 187 an imperfect target, it shall be declared " No targets." But if the shooter accepts an imperfect target, or targets, the result must be scored. If both targets are broken by one barrel, it shall be declared " No targets." If the shooter tires both barrels at one target intentionally, it shall be scored " Lost targets." But if the second barrel be discharged accidentally, it shall be " No tar- gets." EULE 16.— EAPID riEING SYSTEM. When the traps are set in a straight line and the rapid firing system is to be used, there shall be a screen before each trap on which shall appear the number of the trap, from No. 1 on the left, and each shooter shall stand at a score opposite the trap from which the the target is to be thrown for him to shoot at. After he has shot at his first target he shall pass to the next score to the right, and so continue until he reaches the end of the score, when he shall return to the score oppos- ite No. 1, and continue as before until his score is finished. If shooters are annoyed, or there is delay in shooting by the smoke of previous shots, the traps may be pulled in reverse order, commencing with the trap on the right. EULE 17— CIjASS shooting. All shooting shall be class shooting, unless otherwise stated by the management. EULE 18— BEOKEN TAEGETS. A target to be scored "broken," must have a perceptible piece broken from it while in the air. A "dusted" target is not a broken target. No target shall be retrieved for shot marks. If a target be broken by a trap, the shooter may claim another target, as provided for the Rule 19; but if he shoots, the result must be scored. EULE 19— ALLOWING ANOTHEE TAEGET. Section 1. The shooter shall be allowed another target for the following reasons : A— For a target broken by the trap. B — For any defect in the gun, or load, causing a miss-fire. C — If the contestant is interfered with, or balked, or there is 188 OFFICIAL SPOETING RULES. other similar reasons why it should be done, the referee may allow another target. Sec. 2. When the shooting is at known angles he shall have another target from the same trap ; but if the shooting is at un- known angles he shall have another target from an unknown trap, to be decided by the indicator, except it be the last trap, when the shooter has the right to know which trap is to be sprung. In this case he shall have another target from the same trap. Note —When a shooter In breaking his gun to put In the shells fails to br- ak it far enough to cock the gun it is considered h's own carelessness, and not sufficient excuse for the allowanca of another target. KULE 20.— LOST TARGETS. Targets shall be scored lost if the shooter fails to load, cock, adjust safety on gun, or pulls the wrong trigger. RULE 21.— TIE SHOOTING. Seection 1. All ties shall be shot off at the original distance, and as soon after the match as practicable, at the following J lumber of birds : Ties on Single Targets — In single target matches of 25 tar- gets, or less, on three traps, 3 targets; five traps, 5 targets. In matches of 26 targets to 50 inclusive, on three traps, 6 tar- gets; five traps, 10 targets. In matches of over 50, on three traps, 15 targets ; live traps, 25 targets. Ties on Double Targets.— In double target matches of 10 pairs or less, on three traps, 3 pairs. In matches of more than 10 pairs, 5 pairs, thrown from traps 1 and 3. If live traps are used, the same number shall be thrown in each case, from traps 2 and 4 (unless otherwise arranged bp the management , and so stated or understood previous to the beginning of the match). Sect. 2. If in a series of matches the result prove a tie, such tie shall be shot off at the original number of targets. RULE 22.— ANNOUNCING THE SCORE. Section 1. When two judges and a referee are serving, one of the judges shall announce the result of each shot distinctly, and it shall be called back by the scorer. officiaij sporting rules. 189 (The call for a broken target shall be "Broke," and the call for a missed target shall be "Lost.") If the second judge disagrees with the decision of the judge calling, he shall announce it at once before another target is thrown, and the referee shall decide it. In case of another target being thrown before the referee's decision, the target so thrown shall be "No target." Sec. 2. At the close of each shooter's score the result mwst be announced. If claimed to be wrong, the error, if any, must be corrected at once. RULE 23.— SHOOTER AT THE SCORE. In all contests the shooter must be at the score within three minutes after his name is called to shoot, or he forfeits his rights in the match. RULE 2i.— FORBIDDEN SHOOTING. No shooting will be permitted in the enclosure other than at the score ; and in case there is no enclosure no shooting within 200 yards of the score, without the consent of the manage- ment. rule;s FOK Live Bird Slaootirxg. RULE 1.— REFEREE. "A referee shall be appointed by the contestants, or manage- ment, whose decision shall be final. RULE 2.— DUTIES OF REFEREE. The referee shall see that the traps are properly set at the beginning of the match, and kept in order to the finish, and that they are kept properly filled. He may at any time, and must when so requested by a contestant, select one or more car- tridges from those of a shooter at the score, and publicly test same for proper loading, If the cartridge, or cartridges, are found to be improperly loaded, the shooter shall suffer the penalty as provided in Eule 15. RULE 3.— SCORER. A scorer Shall be appointed by the contestants or manage- ment whose score shall be the official one. All scoring shall be done with ink or indelible pencil. The scoring of a lost bird shall be indicated by an "o," and of a dead bird by the fig- ure "I." RULE 4.— PULLER. A puller shall be appointed by the contestants, or manage- ment, and shall be placed at least 6 feet behind the shooter, and it shall be his duty to pull the traps evenly and fairly for each contestant, and instantly after the shooter calls "Pull. He must use a trap-pulling indicator, or other device that may be furnished by the management, so that the shooter will not OFPIOIAL SPORTING RTTLES. 191 know which trap is to be pulled. All traps must be filled be- fore the shooter calls "Pull." If more than one bird is liberated, the sliooter may call "No bird ;" but if he shoots, the result must be scored. Should the puller not pull in accordance with the indicator, he shall be removed and another puller substituted. RUIiE 5.— ARRANGEMENT OF TRAPS. All matches shall be shot from five ground traps, placed 5 yards apart, in the segment of a circle. The radius of the circle shall be 80 yards from the shooter's score. The traps shall be numbered from No. 1 on the left to No. 5 on the right, consecutively. Note - \ ground trap Is one that lie 4 flat wltb the surf ice of the ground wh-n op 'R, aiid gives the bird Its natur 1 fllsrht In startlag. RULE 6.— THE RISE. The rise shall be : 30 yards forlO-bore guns. 28 yards for 12-bore guns. 26 yards for 14 and 16-bore guns. 25 yards for 20-bore guns. RULE 7.— BOUNDARY. The boundary for both single and double bird shooting shall be the segment of a 59 yards circle, and a dead line. The cir- cle shall be drawn from a point 10 yards beyond the centre trap on a line from the shooter's score, and it shall terminate vsiiere it joins the dead line, which shall be drawn at a distance of 30 yards from the centre trap, and at right angles with a line drawn from the shooter's score to the centi-e trap. RULE 8.— BIRDS REFUSING TO FLY. When a bird refuses to tty, such artificial means as have been provided by the management may bo used to start it, by dir- ection of the referee. A bird hit with a missile shall be de- clared "No bird." The shooter may declare a bird refusing to tty when the trap is pulled, "No bird." RULE 9.— GATHERING BIRDS. A bird to be scored dead must be gathered within bounds before another bird is shot at, and within three minutes' time 192 OPFICTAT. SPORTING lUILES, by a dog or shooter, or person appointed by the shooter for that purpose. No extraneous means shall be used, and no other person shall be allowed to assist in gathering. If the gatherer cannot locate the bird, he may appeal to the referee to locate it for him. All birds challenged must show tlesh- shot marks, to be scored "Dead birds." EULE 10.— BIRDS KILLED ON THE GROUND. A bird killed on the ground with the first barrel is "No bird." But it may be killed on the ground with the second barrel if the first is fired white the bird is on the wing. If a bird is shot at on the ground with the first barrel, and the shooter uses the second barrel, but fails to kill, it is "Lost bird." But if the bird is killed, it shall be "No bird." RULE 11.— MUTILATING BIRDS. No mutilation of birds will be allowed, and if it is proved to the referee that any contestant has wilfully mutilated a bird, or is a party thereto, the referee shall declare all his rights in the match forfeited. RULE 12. — OUT OF BOUNDS. A bird once out of bounds must be scored a " Lost bird." RULE 13.— BIRDS SHOT AT BY ANOTHER PERSON, If a bird be shot at by any person other than the shooter at the score, the referee shall decide whether it shall be scored, or another bird allowed. RULE 14:.— POSITION OF GUN. Any the shooter may adopt. RULE 15.— LOADS. Charges of powder unlimited. Charge of shot not to exceed one and one-quarter ounces American Association, or Dixon's measure, struck. Any shooter using a larger quantity of shot shall forfeit his entrance money and rights in the match. RULE 16.— CALIBER AND WEIGHT OF GUN. No gun of larger caliber than a 10-bore shall be used, and the weight of all guns shall be unlimited. OFFTOTATj SPO-RTTNG RTTTjES. 193 KULE 17.— liOADING GUNS. No gun shall be loaded except at the score. Cartridges must be removed from the gun before leaving the score. RULE 18.— GUN NOT COCKED. If a gun is not cocked, or the safety not properly adjusted, and the bird escapes, it shall be scored a "Lost bird." EULE 19.— MISS-FIEE WITH THE FIRST BARREL. If the shooter's gun miss-tire with the first barrel, and he uses the second barrel and misses, the bird must be scored "Lost bird." But if killed with the second barrel, on the wing, it shall be scored "Dead bird." RULE 20.— MISS-FIRE WITH THE SECOND BARREL. If a miss-tire occur with the second barrel, the shooter shall have another bird, using a full charge of powder only in the tirst barrel. He must, however, put the gun to his shoulder and discharge the blank cartridge in the direction of the bird, and the bird must be on the wing when the first barrel is dis- charged. RULE 21.— SHOOTER AT THE SCORE. In all contests the shooter must be at the score within three minutes after his name is called to shoot, or he forfeits his rights in the match. RULE 22.— LEAVING THE SCORE. A shooter having fired his first barrel and left the score, can- not return to tire his second barrel. RULE 23.— BALK. If acontestant is balked or interfered with, or there is other similar reason why it should be done, the referee may allow another bird. RUIiE 24.— ANNOUNCING THE SCORE. The referee shall announce the result of each shot distinctly and it shall be called back by the scorer, and at the close of each shooters, score the result must be announced, and if claimed to be wrong, the error, if any must be corrected at once. 194 opfioiatj sporting rules. rule 25.— tie shooting. All ties shall be shot off at the original distance, and as soon after the match as practicable, at the following number of birds : In matches of 10 birds or less, 3 birds. In matches of 11 to 25 birds, inclusive, 5 birds. In matches of 20 to 50 birds, inclusive, 10 birds. la matches of 51 to 100 birds, inclusive, 25 birds. If in a senes of matches the result prove a tie, such tie shall ! >f shot off at the original number of birds. RULE 26.— CLASS SHOOTING. All shooting shall be class-shooting, unless otherwise stated. RULE 27.— ENDANGERING PERSON OR PROPERTY. If a bird shall fly so that to shoot at, it would endanger any person or property, it shall not be shot at, and the referee shall allow another bird. RULE 28— FORBIDDEN SHOOTING. No shooting shall be permitted within the enclosure other than at the score, and in case there is no enclosure, no shooting within 200 yards of the score, except by those at the score, without the consent of the management. double; birds. RULE 1. The rules for single bird shooting shall govern double bird rontests, when not conttieting with the following: RULE 2.— DOUBLE RISES. The double rises shall be from two traps of any kind, 10 yards apart, pulled simultaneously. The rise shall be : 26 yards for 10-bore guns. 24 yards for 12-bore guns. 22 yards for U and 16-bore guns. SI yards for 20-bore guns. OFFIOIAL SPORTING- BULES I95 RULE 3.— ALLOWING ANOTHER PAIR. Both birds shoulil be on the wing when shot at. Should only one bird fly, the shooter shall have another pair of birds if he does not shoot, or if he does shoot and kills the bird on the wing. But if he shoots and misses, the bird shall be scored lost, and in such event he shall shoot at another pair of birds, with a full charge of powder only in one barrel. The referee shall load the gun, not allowing the shooter to know which barrel contains the full charge, and which contains the powder charge only. RULE 4.— MISS-FIRE WITH THE FIRST BARREL. If the shooter's gun miss-fire with the first barrel, he will be entitled to another pair of birds if he does not shoot his second barrel. But if he fires his second barrel, the result must be scored, and the shooter shall shoot at another pair of birds, with a full charge of powder only, in one barrel, as provided for in Kule 3. RULE 5.— MISS-FIRE WITH THE SECOND BARREL. If the shooter's gun miss-fire with the second barrel, the result of the first barrel must be scored, and the shooter shall shoot at another pair of birds with a full charge of powder only in one barrel, as provided for in Rule 3. RULE 6.— LOST FIRE. If a shooter fire both barrels at one bird intentionally, it shall be scored "Lost birds." But if the second barrel be dis- charged accidently, it shall be "No birds." RULE 7.— NO BIRD. If both birds are killed with one barrel, it shall be declared "No birds," and the shooter shall shoot at another pair of birds. RULE 8.— TIES. All ties must be decided in shooting off as follows : In matches o*' 5 pairs or less, at 2 pair?.. In matches of 6 to 10 pairs, inclusive at 3 pairs. In matches of 11 to 20 pairs, inclusive, at 6 pairs. In matches of 21 to 50 pairs, inclusive, at 10 pairs. BY THE NATIONAL The following are the new rules : Ball —The ball to be not less than eight inches nor more than nine inches in diameter. aoals.—ThQ width of the goals to be ten feet, and to be dis- tinctly marked at each end of the tank. Teams —Each side to consist of not less than 5 nor more than 7 players, who shall wear caps of distinctive color. /finie.—The duration of a match should be 20 minutes; 10 minutes each way, 3 minutes to be allowed at half-time for change of ends. Time occupied by disputes shall not be reck- oned as in the time of play. Cap fains. —The captains shall be playing members of the teams they represent, they shall agree upon all preliminaries and shall toss for choice of ends. Officials —The officials shall consist of a referee, timekeep- er, and two goal judges. Referee— The referee's duties shall be to start the game, to stop"all unfair play, to decide upon all fouls. He may proclaim a foul without its being claimed by any of the competitors . All competitors must cease play at the first sound of referee's Avhistle. The referee's decision to be final. Fouls.— It shall be a foul : (a) To touch the ball with both hands at the same time. (Goal keeper exempt from this rule). ( b) To touch the ball, interfere with an opponent, or take any part in the game while standing on the bottom of the bath. (Goal-keeper exempt), (c) To hold the rail or sides of tank during anv part of the game, unless for the purpose of resting. officiaij sporting rules. 197 To interfere with an opponent when more than three feet from the bail, or carry the ball under the arm. Penalties.— The penalties for each foul shall be a free throw to the opposing side, from the place where the foul occurred. A goal cannot be scored from a free throw unless the ball has touched at least one other player. Wilful Fouls.— If in the opinion of the Referee a player commits a willful foul, he shall be cautioned for the first of- fense, and for the second the Referee shall have power to or- der him out of the water until a goal has been scored. Goal-keeper.— The goal-keeper may stand, or hold the rail or side to defend his goal, but when standing or holding must not throw the ball above half the distance of the tank. The goal-keeper can throw or carry the ball as he deems best. When once the goal-keeper loses possession of the ball outside of the goal-line, he must immediately return behind his goal line. The goal-keeper may be treated as any other player when in possession of the ball. Starting. — The players shall stand on the goal line (or end of tank). The Referee shall stand in a line with the centre of the tank, and, having ascertained that the captains are ready, shall give the word go or blow his whistle, at the same time throwing the ball into the water in the centre of the tank. Scoring.— A goal shall be scored by the ball passing between the goal posts, or marks and shall be declared by the goal judge raising a tlag. Leaving the Water.— A player leaving the water except at half-time shall not re-enter it until a goal has been scored or until half-time. Out of Play.— \Yhen the ball shall go out of play, it shall be thrown by the Referee into the middle of the course, in a straight line from where it went out. Opponent's Goal I/ine.— No player will be placed in his op- ponent's goal, or behind the goal-keeper. Infringement of this rule is a wilful foul. Corner Throw. — A player throwing the ball over his own goal or end of tank shall concede a free corner throw to his op- ponents, but if the attacking side, throw the ball over other than between the goal post or marks it shall be a free throw to their opponents. RULES OF THE PBIO USSOtllTIOII, Revised Ajxril, 1893. 1. The grounds to be about 750 feet long by 500 feet wide with a ten-inch guard from end to end on the sides only. 2. The height of the ponies must not exceed 14 hands and 1 inch. 3. The balls to be of Bass wood, with no other covering than paint, and 3 inches in diameter, the mallets to be such as are approved by the Committee. 4. The goal posts to be 24 feet apart, and light enough to break if collided with. 5. Match game between pairs shall be two periods of 15 min- utes each, actual play. Time between goals, and delays, not counted; tAvo minutes after a goal has been made and five minutes between periods for rest, unless otherwise specified. 6. Match games between teams of three shall be of four periods of fifteen minutes each, actual play. Time between goals, and delays, not counted ; two minutes after a goal has been made and five minutes between periods for rest unless otherwise specified. 7. Match games between teams of four, shall be three periods of twenty minutes each, actual play. Time between goals and delays, not counted ; two minutes after a goal has been made and ten minutes between the periods for rest unless otherwise specified. 8. Each team to choose an umpire, and, if necessary, the two umpires to appoint a referee, whose decisions shall be final. 9. Each team should have a substitute in readiness to play "When a match is on. 10. There shall be a captain for eac)i team, who shall have the direction of position* and plays of his men. The home capt'^in shall provide two acceptable goal judges whose de- cisions snail be final, in regard to goals made at the end at which each mav be placed. 11. No captain shall allow a member of his team to appear in the game otherwise than in his Club uniform. 12. Only players, umpires and referee allowed upon the ground during" the progress of the game. 13. The game to begin when the ball is thrown between the contestants, who shall be in line facing each other in the middle of the field, unless it is agreed between the Captains to charge. The charge to be from a line 3!) feet in front of the goal posts. When the signal to charge has been given the OFPIOIATi BPOKTIN<4 RULES. 199 first and second players must keep to the left of the ball until it has been hit. 14. It is forbidden to touch an adversary, his pony, or his mallet, with the hand or mallet during- play, or to strike the ball when dismounted. A player shall not put his stick over his adversary's pony either in front or behind, In riding off or hustling, a player shall not push or strike with his arm or elbow. 15. In case of an accident to a player or pony, or for any other reasonable cause, the Referee may stop the game, and the time so lost shall not be counted. When the game is resumed the ball shall be thrown between the players who shall be lined up at the point at which the ball stopped. But if the game is stopped on account of a foul, the ball is to be thrown in at the place at which the foul occured. 16. When the limit of time has expired, the game must con- tinue until the ball goes out of bounds, or a goal is made and such overtime shall not be counted. 17. In case of an equal number of goals having been made at the end of the last period, the game to be continued until one side makes the winning goal. 18. When the ball goes out of bounds at the sides it must be thrown in from the place at which it went out, by the Referee, or by an impartial person, between the two sides which shall be drawn up in line facing each other. When the ball goes out ends, the side defending that goal is entitled to a knock out from the point at which it crossed the line. When the player having the knock out causes unnecessary delay, the Referee may throw the ball on the field and call play. No opponent shall come within 50 feet of a player having the knock out, until the ball has been hit. 19. Whenever a player either accidently or intentionally knocks the ball behind the line, at the end at which the goal de- fended by his side is situated, it shall be deemed a safety knock out, and shall score one fourth of one goal agamst such player's side. When the ball is caromed out or kicked out by a pony it shall not score as above. 20. The Referee shall have power to impose a fine not ex- ceeding forty dollars on any team or member of a team, which shall fail to appear within a reasonable time of the hour named for the events for which they have been entered, or for any misconduct or violation of the rules during the progress of the games, and shall report the same in writing to the Committee for enforcement. And he may exclude from the game any dangerous or vicious pony, and he may start the game not- withstanding the absence of any players after the time fixed. 21. A player requiring a mallet during the game must ride to the end or side line to procure one ; it must not be brought on the field to him. 22. The Referee may stop the game at any time when the ball is broken, or when it strikes the Referee, or his pony, and mav 200 OFFTOIAL SPORTING RULES. substitute another ball by throwing it between the players at a point as near as possible to where it was stopped. 23. A ball must go over and clear of the line to be out, ana over and clear of the line to count a goal. When a ball is hit above the top of the goal posts, b ut in the opinion of the Referee through, it shall be considered a goal. 24 Foul riding is careless and dangerous horsemanship, and lack of consideration for the safety of others. A player in possession of the ball has the right of way, and no one shall cross him unless at such a distance as to avoid all possibility of a collision. ^ ^, ^ , i, 25. The Eeferee may suspend a player for the match for a foul, or he may award the opposing side a half goal. 26. When a player is replaced by a substitute, he cannot re- turn to the team the same day, except to take the place of a player who is incapacitated. In any change of players after the game has begun, the handicap of the man having the highest number of goals shall be counted. . , , 27. Any member of the Committee may measure ponies (not his own) and issue certificates, good for the season for ponies under five years of age. Ponies five years old or over, holding such certificates need not be measured again. 28. No player can play for one prize on more than one team ^^29 No member of a Club which is a member of the Polo Association shall play any match games with or against any Club which is not a member of the Association, nor shall any player play on the team of any Club of which he is not a member, except on written consent of the Committee. 30. The Polo Association Cups shall not be played foi- a sec- ond time on any ground until all other Association Clubs have had the privilege, providing the grounds of the Club named are equal to the requirements of the Committee. 31. In drawing teams under the handicap the bye shall be drawn by lot, first. In the first round the teams shall be op- posed to one another whose total handicap shall be nearest. The day of play for the opposing teams to be decided by lot. 32. The Polo Association colors are white and dark blue. RINK POLO 1. Each team shall consist of live players, to be designated as fol- lows : One goal-tend, one half-back, one centre, two rushers. 2. For each championship game, two balls shall be furnished by the home club to the referee for use. If the]|ball in play is batted out of the playing surface, and is not returned within 30 seconds, the other ball shall be put in play by the referee. As often as one of the two in use is lost, a new one must be substituted, so that the referee shall at all times after the game begins, have two for use. The last ball in play shall become the property of the winning club. Each ball used in championship games shall be examined by the secretary of this association, enclosed in a paper box and sealed with his seal, which seal shall not be broken except by the referee in the presence ef the two contesting teams after play has been called. Should the ball become out of shape, cut, or ripped so to expose the yarn, or in any way so injured, as to be in the opinion of the referee unfit for use, the referee, on being appealed to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into use and call for a new one. 3. The sticks shall not exceed 4 feet in length, 13^ inch in diameter, or 15 ounces in weight. The crt)ok of the stick may be covered with leather, but no metalic substance will be allowed near that end of the stick. A cord or strap shall be attached to the handle to prevent the stick from slipping from the hand, but it shall not extend more than ten inches beyond the end. 4. All games shall be played upon circular running skates, in good order, without any extra appliances, and of standard size, with a smooth brass face. No skate shall be more than two inches shorter than the ordinary boot or shoe of the player, and said boot or shoe shall have no foreign substance attached to it. 202 OFFICIAL SPORTING RUIiES. The skates mubt be securely fastened to the foot, and no player can call time to adjust his skate. In case the skate is broken, and a player thereby is obliged to leave the surface, his place maybe taken by a substitute in uniform; but the player retiring cannot resume his position until a goal has been made or the time limit expired. 5. The goal shall be the regulation cage goal, 3 feet high and 4.% feet long. 6. In playing a game, the front of the cage must not be less than 10 cet from the eld, and equidistant from the sides of the playing sur- face of the rink. 7. No player, except the goal-tend, shall be allowed within a semi- circle plainly indicated in front of the goal, the radius of which must be 3 feet from the centre of the goal line. It is understood that if the goal-tend leaves his position, who ever for the time being takes his place is the goal-tend. 8. To start the game, the ball shall be placed at the middle of a straight line drawn through the centre of each goal, and at the whistle of the referee shall be charged upon by a player from each team. A goal is won by the passage of the ball into the cage, where it must remain until removed by the leferee. 9. The positions of the teams shall be reversed after each goal. 10. Two innings of twenty minutes each of actual playing time shall constitute a game, except as provided for hereinafter, and the club winning the most goals in that time shall be the winner of the game. In computing the time, all waits between goals and during the progress of the game on calls of time shall be deducted from the actual time and only the playing time of the goals reckoned. The final goal shall be the one which ends at the expiration of the second twenty minutes of actual playing time, unless tlie clubs are tied, in Avhich case the deciding goal shall be played. 11. There shall be a corps of official referees appointed by the Sec- retary, and a timekeeper selected by each rink, who shall keep the OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 203 time with a stop watch or a stop clock ; the expense of an official referee shall be paid Vjy the manager of the rink in which the game is played. If an official referee fails to appear^at any game, there shall bo a referee appointed by the captain of the visiting club. 12. Any timekeeper may be removed upon the protest of three clubs. 13. No person but the players and referee shall be permitted on the surface during a match, unless assistance is to bG rendered in case of accident, or unless upon mutual invitation of the captains and referee. 14. The referee shall announce each goal, giving its time, and all fouls and their nature. The referee is the master of the surface from the beginning of the game to its close, and is entitled to the respect of the spectators, Any person offering any insult or indignity to him shall be promptly ejected from the premises. He must be invariably addressed by the players as Mr. Referee ; and he must compell the players to observe the provisions of the playing rules. The referee must keep the contesting teams playing constantly from the beginning of the game to its termination, allowing for such delays as are rendered unavoidable by accident. The referee must call play promptly at the hour designated by the home club, and on the blast of the whistle the coiitest shall begin. When the whistle is blown for time, no goal can be counted that is made until the signal has been given to renew play. 15. The skates of each club shall be examined by the referee im- mediately before the players go on the surface. Any player found ^vith tampered skates or 7.olls shall be lined not less than five or more then ten dollars. No player shall be allowed to leave the surface without permission of the referee, who shall examine his skates upon his return. 16. There shall be an official scorer connected with each club, who 204 OFFICIAL, SPOKTINft RULES. «iiall prepare a summary of each contest, which shall contain the names of the players, the number and order of goals won by each team, and the time occupied in playing for each goal, which shall be promptly mailed to the Secretary of the Association. 17. If, after the completion of a game, and the decision of the ref- eree, either club has reasonable cause for dissatisfaction with the rul- ings of the referee, they may, by submitting a formal complaint within twenty-four hours to the Secretary, signed by the captain t)r manager of the team, stating their reasons for the complaint, have the matter decided by the Association; but no club shall have the right to enter a complaint that does not abide by the decision of the referee, and play the game out under his direction. Any club refus- ing to complete a game shall be liable to expulsion. 18. If the ban go out of bounds the referee shall blow his whistle to call time, and place the ball at the point opposite where it went out, at least four feet from the rail. In recommencing play the players who do so must stand in position to knock the ball lengthwise of the surface with their back toward the sides. 19. Time shall be called by the referee whenever a foul occurs. Upon the renewal of the game the ball must be placed where the foul occurred. 20. If time is called while a goal is in progress the play shall not cease until the referee's whistle is blown. 21. A goal shall be taken from either side for every third foul com- mitted by it during the progress of a game. After taking cognizance of a third foul and announcing the result the referee shall continue the game from where it left off at the call of foul. 22. It shall be deemed a foul : (a)— if any player stop or strike the ball when any part of his person is touching the surface ; C6)— if any player stop, catch, or bat the ball with his hands or arms; (c)— if any player, save the goal-tend or one taking his place, kick the ball with his foot or skate ; (f/)-— if the player, intentionally violate rule seven ; (e)— if any player hold another player on the surface or against the OPPTCIAIi SPORTING RULER. 205 rail; (/)— if any player run about or strike the ball while one of his skates is off; (gr)— if any player stop before or immediate vicinity of the goal cage to readjust his skates; {ky-it any player put his stick ))etween the arjn and body of another player. 23. If the referee decides that the foul is made in the goal by the goal-tend, or by any player taking his place for the time being, that prevents a goal from being made, it sliall give a goal to the otlier team. If the goal-tend removes or attempts to remove the ball after it has gone into the goal he shall be lined $5, and the goal allowed to tho opposing side. 24. Any act by any player, thai is manifestly intended as an unwar- rantable interference by one player with another, may be declared afoul by the referee from his own observation or upon complaint by the cap- tain of the offended side. 25. If on account of absence of, or injury to any player, a substitute is necessary', and no regular member of the team is present, any person may be selected with the approval of the captain of the oppos- ing team given in the presence of the referee. 26. If a dispute shall arise upon the surface, it shall be settled by the referee and the two captains. The players shall immediately resunae their positions on the floor and take no part in the discussion unless called upon by the referee. Any player violating this rule shall be fined by the referee not exceeding $5 for eacli and evei-y offence. 27. If any club refuses to play a scedule ^vame, or to abide by the decision of the referee, they shall forfeit the game and be liable to expulsion, and the members leaving the floor shall be liable to expul- sion and subject to an individual fine of $25. 28. If from any cause, during the game, play should be suspended, each player shall fall back to his position and remain quietly stiiding in an upright position, and shall rofi-ain from touching or knocking the ball. Any player violating this rule shall be lined $1, 206 OFFTOTAL SPORTING RUTiES. 29. Upon the beginning of play the visiting club shall take the goal nearest the entrance to the surface. 30. Any player who does not answer to the call of the referee on the surface at the appointed time, shall be fined $1. 31. No player shall w^ear any extra appliances larger than the oidinary size, such as masks, shin pads, chest protectors, etc., to impede the progress of the ball. Any player violating this rule shall be ordered from the floor by the referee to make such changes as the referee may (h^sire. The player shall also be liable to a fine of not more than $3 or less thaii $1. 32. Any player throwing his stick at the ball or across the surface shall be fined $5, and for a second offence during the same game, $10 Any player deliberately trippin j or striking another shall be fined not more than $10, and for a second offence during the same game, $20, and he shall also be ordered from the surface for the remainder of the garhe. Any players engaging in a broil or altercation upon the surface ' shall be immediately ordererl from the surface and fined $20 each, and they may be suspended or expelled, in addition to their fines, according to the gravity of their offence. Any player using profane or obscene language on the fioor, or acting in an ungentlemanly manner sufficient to attract the atten- tion of the spectators, shall be fined $10, and he may be suspended or expelled in addition to his fine. Any act by any player that is manifestly intended to delay or obstruct the game, or is contrary to the spirit of fair and honorable play, shall subject the player to a fine, suspension or expulsion, according to its gravity, by the referee or the Executive Committee. 33. If, at any time or place, any player shall use abusive or insult- ing language, or offer violence to any referee, the latter may prefer charges against the player ; and the Executive Committee shall, upon the proving of such charges, fine the player fi-om $10 to $25, or expel him, according to tlie gravity of his offence. OFFICIAIj RP0ETIN« RUIiES. 207 34. When any player is fined by a referee or by the directors of the league, he shall be notified of the same forthwith, as shall also his captain; in the former case by the referee, in the latter by the secretary. In case of a flne imposed by a referee the captain shall notify his manager of the fine, and the failure of the captain so to do shall not relieve the player or the club from any penalties for unpaid fines. Upon receipt of such notice by the manager, he shall forward to the secretary the amount of said fine, and no player shall be allowed to play in any league game while any fine upon him is unpaid. No referee shall remit a fine once imposed on the penalty of him- self incurring the same. Any fined player shall be considered eligible to play if his fine has been mailed to the secretary within twenty-four hours after the re- ceiving of the notice of the same from the secretary or the referee, the burden of proof being upon the manager, and the postmarks being evidence of the receipt and dispatch of letters. 35. Any club playing a player who has unpaid fines shall, upon knowledge of the same coming to the secretary, be declared by him to have forfeited every such game to the opposing club. 36. From any fine over five dollars imposed by a referee a player can appeal through his manager to the Executive Committee of his division; but the referee shall be upheld unless four managers vote against his decision, the interested manager refraining from voting and the vote being one of record. 37. In case of any disturbance, unnecessary noise or interference with the game or the referee by any one else, the referee shall have the right to suspend the game until quiet is restored, or, if necessary, he may order the offending party or parties expelled from the rink In case his orders are not complied with, he may stop the game and award the game to the visiting club. RULERS FOR QlTOITINa. Aktiole I. — The players shall be paired by drawing num- bered ballots, each player to play the party holding the cor- responding number with his own, and no player to be a bye more than once in the match. Article II.— The match shall be played exclusively on the natural sod. Article III.— The motts shall be placed 18 yards ai)art— tlie t(>r> of the mott to be level with the ground. Article IV. — Players to stand at a distanc^> not exceeding tliree feet from the mott played from, but not in fiont of the mott. Article V. -The first player to lead to be decided by lot, the winner in the last end played to lead in the next end, and play- ing one quoit alternately with his opponent. Article VI.— Players to lemain at the end they play from until they have played th(4r last quoit from that end, but shall be allowed to name a person to put up a mark as a guide at the end to which he is about to play. Article VII.— The size of the quoit not to exceed eight inches in diameter. Article VIII .—All measurements to be made with the com- passes, and to be from the centre of the top of the mott to the nearest visible iron ; no obstruction (^f earth or quoits to be re- moved, except to find the top of the mott ; no quoit to count when the distance exceeds three feet from the mott. Article IX.— Should a quoit be broken during the match, the measure to be taken from the nearest portion of the quoit to the mott, and the player shall be privileged to use another I)air to finish his game. Article X— The use of improper language, or any act per- petrated to disconcert or interrupt the player while in the act of throwing his quoit, is prohibited— the player to have the privilege of throwing his quoit over again in the event of such having taken place. Article XL— A Eeferee shall be chosen by the Executive Committee to superintend and render all decisions in the match. rule:s f"or R^ciNa. POTATO RACING. The laws of Atiiletics as defined by the Amateur Athletic Union govern contests of this character. A potato race is usually 50 yards, they can be shorter. The potatoes are placed on the ground one yard apart, each contestant to have his line of potatoes. The start shall be from a horizontal line one and a half yards back of this line to be a receptacle for the potatoes — a basket, pail or pan can be used and the potatoes must be put in the receptacle by each of the contestants. SACK EACING. The laws of Athletics as defined by the Amateur Athletic Union govern sack racing. The Club or Association giving the games must furnish the sacks. All sacks must be of the same size and material. Contestants must examine the sacks closely before each race. Should the competitor's foot or feet come through the sack, he shall be disqualified by the referee and the men placed as though he had not competed. The sack must be tied around the neck of the competitor. OBSTACLE EACES. Obstacle Races can be of any distance. The New York A. C, of New York City, is about the only organization that gives this event regularly at its games. The distance is usually about 300 yards and several obstacles are used such as hurdles, diving through barrels, going under a net, climbing a rope and scaling tall ladders. The laws of Athletics as defined by the Amateur Athletic Union go^-ern obstacle races with the excep- tion that the men at starting lay on their back, their head on the starting line, body pointing perfectly straight back of the line and must remain so till the crack of the pistol. THREE-LEGGED RACES. The Laws of Athletics as defined by the Amateur Athletic Union govern contests of this character. The left and right leg of the two members of the team must be strapped together, one strap an inch or so below the knee, tightly fastened and another just above the ankle. Should one of these straps be- come lose during the race, the team meeting with this mishap should be disqualified. Go^^eri^ing ^o^ Racing. Rule 1.— Color, weight, name, and sex must be sent in at time of entry. If a pup, age must Ije stated. Rule 2.— All false entries shall be disqualified. Rule 3.— All dogs must be weighed in before the first heat is run, or they will forfeit the right to start. No ounces al- lowed; every dog to run at weight entered. Rule 4.— To ascertain if a dog is out of weight, put on two ounces; if the dog draws the two ounces, he is out of weight, and is disqualified. Rule 5.— Every dog to start from the mark on which it is handicapped. Scratch dog to start from the right side of track, and the other dogs to be placed next to him in accord- ance with this rule. If there are two scratch dogs, or two dogs on tlie same mark, they must toss for choice of position. The marks of all dogs remain the same, no matter who fails to weigh in, or who may be withdrawn. Rule 7.— All dogs to start by report of pistol. Rule 8.— One runner-up only shall he pllowed each dog, and •■' iuners-up mvist keep on a line with their dog. The referee shall have the power to disqualify a dog, if, in his opinion a runner-up is acting unfairly on the track. Rule 9.— Each runner-ub must be ten yards over the finish- ing line, before his dog finishes, or the dog will be disqualified. The runner-up for the second dog, in the final heat, has the privilege of weighing the winning dog. If the winning dog is four ounces over the weight at which he is entered, he is dis- qualified. t OPFIOIAL SPORTING RUIZES. 211 KuLE 10.— All dogs to nm with colors on, but no dog to be disqualified should the color be omitted, either by accident or carelessness. EuLE 11.— In case of a dead heat in one of the rounds, it must be run over at once ; the party refusing to run, loses the heat, but the remaining do^ must run over the course, before the heat can be claimed as one. Should a dead heat occur in a final, the referee cannot order a run over, if the contestants agree to divide prize-money and bets. KuLE 12.— In case a dog is held at the mark, the pistol-Iirer shall have the right to declare all betting on the heat void. Any dog held at the mark in a final heat, will afterward be handicapped as if he had actually won. EuLE 13.— After the bell has been rung for a heat, five uiinutes will be allowed for dogs to be placed on their marks. Any dog failing to be at the marks on time, forfeits all rights. EuiiE 14.— No other attendents but the slipper and runner-up shall be allowed on the track at the marks. ■ Any pai-ty violat- ing this rule shall have his dog disqualified by the pistol-firen EuiiE 15.— The referee shall flag the color of the winning dog n eac;h heat. The referee's decision shall be final, and subject ^o no appeal whatever. F^i^eorj^ Klyir^g Race Rules. 1. Any fancier desiring to enter birds for competition and for record under the management of the Secretary and Race Committee, must first become a member of the Club. 2. Tiie Club, in the records of birds, recognizes only the lib- erating station and the home loft. The home loft is that to which the bird is registered as belonging, 3. Birds entered in a race must be at the appointed place for countermarking at the same time arranged, or be debarred from participating in the fly, for no birds will be received after that time. 4. Countermarking of birds shall be (as far as practicable), by leg bands bearing a number or device, and the band must on the arrival of the bird be removed and turned over to the timer at the loft, in his presence to be mailed with signed report to the Secretary the day the bird arrived at home. 5. Ail birds entered in a journey must bear, stamped on the first primal flight feather, the regular number by which it is to be distinguished and known, be it abird bearing a seamless band or otherwise. WJien a bird bears a seamless band, then that number and letter becomes its regular number. When the bird bears no seamless band a regular number must be obtained from the Secretary' , and entry blanks will be duly mailed by Secretary to competitors in each race, which must be neatly filled out as required, or the entry will not be received, 6. The owner of a bird presenting it for a journey, relin- quishes all control of it until after the time of liberating for such a journey. 7. Any interference on the part of an owner, or of any one interested-, directly or indirectly, in the result, with the in- structions or duties of the Secretary or Race Committee, or with the liberator, or with the birds after marking, will be debarred from the benefits of the fly. 8. No one interested, directly in the result of a loft, shall be present during the tixne of countermarking ; that is, no one interested in any way for the success of that particular loft during the countermarking of those particular birds ; neither shall any such person appoint the timer or act as the timer at such loft. OFFTCIAIi SPOETINa TRTTIiES. 213 9. The honors of a race being determined by the average velocity, all birds making the same speed under the same con- ditions are entitled to the honor that speed calls for. 10. Time shall be verihod by a timer acceptable to the Secre- tary of the Club, or Race Committee, who shall be at the home loft from the earliest time at which a bird could arrive until dismissed by the owner or his representative, or until the time named as the close of a race has expired. 11. The time of a bird's arrival in a race shall be taken at the click of the bob-wire after the bird is in, or the closing of the trap or door securing it at the loft. 12. No young bird shall be eligible for young bird record unless bearing an official Club seamless band denoting year of hatch. 13. The report of the timer at the loft shall be signed by the owner and the timer, to be mailed at once to the Secretary. In no case must the original be given into the possession of the owner or any one interested in the success of the loft, and must not leave the timer's possession until mailed by him to the Secretary. 14. No race, unless specially agreed upon, shall be rain or shine ; but shall be upon the date named, or off, excepting from 500 miles, when race is on until flown. 15. In case there are returns before the timer's arrival at the loft, or in the timer's absence, the owner can report only by certified telegram to the Secretary, and the competitor, whom said timer represents, will be debarred from any inter- est in that race. An allowance of six minutes to the mile, and an additional minute for catching the bird, to be traveled on foot, in reaching the telegraph office, will be made by the Sec- retary in computing the actual time of arrival and speed made. All telegrams to be prepaid, and in case ttie Secre- tary's loft is unprotected, he can report to the President or competing member, holding the list of his birds' counter- marks. The endorsement of arrivals by neighbors, competi- tors or friends will not be entertained on any account. 16. The time of start as given by the liberator's telegram shall be considered as advisory only. The time of start, from which the calculations for record are to be taken, shall be in 214 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. writing, over the liberator's signature, and must be received by tlie Secretary direct fi'oiu the liberator. 17. In case any timer or member fails to respond to tlie Secretary's notification and instructions, or tlie competing member to supply in ample time an acceptable substitute for the full carrying out of the same, or fails to render a satis- factory explanation, the said competing member may be held accountable to the Executive and Eaee Committees for neglect of duty, on a written complaint filed by the Secreta.Ty with the President, and be debarred from any interest in the par- ticular race in progress. 18.— The Secretary is not to be held responsible for the non- compliance of liberators in carrying out the instructions of a flight, nor for the careless and incomplete performance of in- structions rendered by any timer or member, since the irreg- ularities may be beyond his control ; but it is duty and offi:^e to see that all acting timers and members are thoroughly conversant and familiar with the Eace Rules and require- ments, and to correct or adjust any discrepancy or irregularity in their work, or that of any timer or member, that may arise, as far as practicable, and with all possible dispatch, to secure indisputable and complete record for any flight that may be in progress, Failing this the Secretary may be held account- able for neglect of duty, on written charges being filed by any member with the President; sucli charges to be acted upon by the Executive and Race Committees. 19.— Any direct refusal to comply with the Race Rules by a member of the Club forfeits all right to record in the races, if proven on investigation, and the Secretary and the Eace Committee may decline to handle his birds, and make com- plaint to the President. 20.— Each loft can enter but twenty birds or less, in the old birds' races, and but twenty or less in the young bird's races. 21.— In the pool prizes each member pays so much per bird of his entry as may be arranged. 22.— On race days, when the timer arrives at the loft, there must be no birds at liberty belonging to said I oft, excepting those competing in the race or outs from previous tosses ; and arrivals must immediately be handed to the timer, bearing countermark and showing regular number on wing and colors for verification, with entry list in his possession. ROWING RULES OF THE National Association of Amateur Oarsmen. LAWS OF BOAT RACING. STARTING. 1. All boat races shaU be started in the following man- ner : The starter, on being satisfied that the competitors are readj^ shall give the signal to start. 2. If the starter considers the start false, he shall at once recall the boats to their stations, and any boat re- fusing to start again shall be disqualified. 3. Any boat not at its post at the time specified shall be liable to be disquahfied bj^ the umpire. 4. The umpire may act as starter if he thinks fit ; where he does not so act, the starter shall be subject to the control of the umpire. 5. Boats shall be started by their sterns, and shall liave completed their course when the bows reach the finish. WATER. 6. A boat's own water is its straight course, parallel with those of the other competing boats, from the sta- tion assigned to it at the start to the finish. 7. Each boat shall keep its own water throughout the 216 OFFICIAIj sporttn« efles. race, and any boat departing from its own water will do so at its peril. 8. The umpire shall be sole judge of a boat's own water and proper course during the race. FOULS. 9. It shall be considered a foul when, after the race has commenced, any competitor, by his oar, boat, or person, comes in contact with the oar, boat, or person of another competitor ; unless, in the opinion of the um- pire, such contact is so slight as not to influence the race. 10. No fouling whatever shall be allowed ; the boat committing a foul shall be disqualified. 11. The umpire may, during a race, caution any com- petitor when in danger of committing a foul. 12. The umpire shall decide all questions as to a foul. 13. A claim of foul must be made to the umpire by the competitor himself, and, if possible, before getting out of his boat. 14. In case of a foul, the umpire shall have the power — (a) To place the boats (except the boat committing the foul, which is disqualified) in the order in which they come in. (&) To order the boats engaged in the race, other than the boat committing the foul, to row over again on the same or another day. (c) To restart the qualified boats from the place where the foul was committed. ACCIDENTS. 15. Every boat shall abide by its accidents, except when, during a race, a boat while on its own water shall be interfered with hj an outside boat, the umpire may order the race to be rowed over, if, in his opinion, such interference materially affected its chances of winning the race. OFFICTATj SP0RTIN« PiTTLKS. ASSISTANCE. 16. No boat shall be allowed to accompany a com- petitor for the purpose of directing his course or afford- ing him other assistance. The boat receiving such direction or assistance shall be disqualified, at the dis- cretion of the umpire. UMPIRE. 17. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the race and all matters connected with it, from the time the race is specified to start until its final termination, and his decision in all cases shall be final and without appeal. 18. The judge at the finish shall report to the umpire the order in which the competing boats cross the line, but the decision of the race shall rest with, and be de- clared by, the umpire. 19. Any competitor refusing to abide by the decision, or to follow the directions of the umpire, shall be dis- qualified. 20. The umpire, if he thinks proper, may reserve his decision, provided that in every case such decision be given on the day of the race. 21. Contestants rowing a dead heat shall compete again after such interval as may be appointed, and the contestant refusing to so row shall be adjudged to have lost the race. TURNING RACES. 22. In turning races, each competitor shall have a separate turning stake, and shall turn from port to starboard. Any competitor may turn any stake other than his own, but does so at his ueril. 218 OFFlOTATi RPOBTTNO TITTLES. REGATTA RULES. Rule 1. This Regatta shall be open to all amateur clubs which have been duly organized three months prior to the holding of the Regatta. Entries of indi- viduals will not be received. •A. JNo club shall be allowed to enter any person who has not been a member thereof for at least three months preceding the Kegatta. or who has been entered in any race from any other club during- that time, or ivhoHe residence during that period is more than fifty miles from the dab he represents ; nor shall any entry be received from a club which shall include in its list of members any professional oarsman or athlete. 3. The Regatta Committee shall appoint as Secretary any person it may deem proper. Any Club intending to compete for any of the prizes must give due notice to the Secretary of the Regatta Committee on or before the day appointed for closing the entries. Entries shall close two weeks before the date of the Regatta. 4. There shall be sent to the Secretary of the Regatta Committee in all cases of entries for eights, a list of not more than twelve names ; for fours, not more than six names ; for pair oars and double sculls, not more than four names ; and for single sculls, not more than one name, and from these the actual crews shall be selected. The name of the Captain or Secretary of each Club entering for any race shall be sent at the time of entrance to the Secretary of the Regatta Committee. A copy of the entrance list shall be forwarded by the Secretary to the Captain or Se(n-etary of each Club so entered. 5. No assumed names shall be given to the Secretary. 6. No one shall be allowed to be entered twice for the same race. 7. The Secretary shall not be permitted to declare OFFIOTAIi RPORTTNrt RULES. 219 any entry, nor to repoi-t the state of the entrance list, until such list shall be closed. 8. Objections to any entry shall be made in writing to the Secretary of the Regatta Committee within seven days from the declaration of the entries, when the said Committee shall investigate the grounds of objection, if any, and decide thereon forthwith. 9. The races at each Eegatta shall consist of — Single-scull shells, senior. Four-oared shells, senior. Single-scull shells, junior. Four-oared shells, junior. Pair-oared shells. Eight-oared shells, senior. Double-scull shells. Eight-oared shells, intermediate. Entrance money for each boat shall be paid to the Secretary at the time of entering, as follows : Eight-oars, $20; four-oars, $15; pair-oars, $10; double- sculls, $10; single-sculls, $§. 10. All races with the exception of the eight-oared race, shall be one mile and a half, uriih one turn. The eight-oared races shall be one mile and a half straight away. 11. A meeting of the Regatta Committee shall be held immediately preceding the Regatta, at which the Rep- resentative of each crew or club entered shall deliver to the Secretary of the Regatta Committee a list contain- ing the names of the actual crew appointed to contend in the ensuing races, to which list the names of two other members may be added, either of whom may be substituted for any one of the crew in the event of ill- ness or accident, subject to Rule 12. 12. No member of a Club shall be allowed to be sub- stituted for another who has already rowed in a heat ; nor shall any member of a Club be allowed to row with more than one crew for the same prize. 13. In the event of a dead heat tailing place the same (irews shall contend again, after such interval as the Regatta Committee may appoint ; any crew refusing shall be adjudged to have lost the heat. 14. In each class two or more entries shall be required to insure a race, and should withdrawals, after the en- 220 OFFICIAL SPORTING KULES. tries are closed, reduce the number to one boat, the crew thereof must row over the course to be entitled to the prize. 15. Heats and stations shall be drawn for by the Regatta Committee in the presence of such competitors, or their representatives, as may attend, after due notice has been given of a meeting of the Committee for that purpose. 16. The Regatta Committee shall choose an umpire, a judge at the turn and a judge at the finish. 17. The laws of boat-racing adopted by this Association shall be observed at this Regatta, and its definition of an amateur oarsman shall govern the qualifications of each competitor. 18. Entries for junior races shall be governed by the follow- ing definitions of juniors, adopted at the meeting of the Executive Committe, held April 26, 1884 ; and as to junior coxswain adopted January 14, 18;^3 : A junior sculler is one who has ne\'er pulled in a senior, nor won a junior scull race. A junior oarsman is one who has not pulled an oar in a senior race, or been a winning oarsman in a junior race. Competitions with members of his own Club will not effect the standing as a junior of any oarsman or sculler. The qualification of a junior oarsman or sculler shall relate to each time of his coming to the starting post, whether in a trial or a final heat. A junior coxswain is one who has never, in a race, steered a senior crew, nor a winning junior crew. 19. Definitions of intermediates (adopted at a meeting of the Executive Committee, held January 14, 1893) : An intermediate scull'.r is one who has never rowed in a feiMiior race, nor won any other than a junior race. All intermediate oarsman is one who has never rowed i>i a senior race, nor won any other than a junior race. An intermediate coxswain is one who has never, in a race, steered a senior crew, nor a winning intermediate crew. 20. The prizes shall be delivered, at the conclusion of the Regatta, to their respective Avinners, who, in case of a chal- lenge prize, shall furnish such bonds for the same as may be required by the Trustees. OFFICIAL SPORTING KULES. 221 21. Any participant in the races shall have the rij2:ht at any- time previous to the awarding of tlie prizes to object to any Club or person participating in, or being declared the winner of, any race where it may appear to tlie person making the objection that sucli Club or person has not entered such contest with the intention of participating therein in an honest manner, and mailing all reasonable efforts to be suc- cessful. The evidence shall be presented to the Regatta Committee, who, after hearing the accused, shall, by a major- ity vote, decide the objection. They shall have power to order the race rowed over, or to confer the prize on whomsoever in their judgment is entitled to it. 22. All questions of eligibility, qualification or interpreta- tion of the rules, shall be referred to the Committee, and its decision shall be final. 23. The Committee shall have power to reject any entry 24. Only the winners of trial heats shall compete in the final heat; except when in any trial heat of a Eegatta a foul occurs, under such conditions and with such results that the laws of boat-racing, the exigencies of time and the circum- stances of the Regatta do not afford full justice to any con- testant, the umpire may permit such aggrieved competitoi, to start in a subsequent or in the final heat, as, iu the judg- ment c^" the Regatta Committee, is most convenient. RACQUET RULES OF THE ^ New York Racquet Court Club. 1. The game to be fifteen up. At 13 all, the out- players may set to 5; and at 14 all, to *.'.; provided this be done before another ball is served. 2. On commencing the game, in a double match, whether odds be given or not, the side going in first to serve shall have but one hand; but in a single match the party receiving odds shall be entitled to them from the beginning. 3. The ball shall be served alternately right and left, beginning on whichever side the server chooses. 4. The server must stand with at least one foot in the ' 'service box," and serve the ball over the hne on the front wall and within the proper service-court; other- wise it is a fault. Serving two faults, missing the ball, or the ball served striking anywhere before it reaches the front wall, is a out-hand. 5. All balls served or played into the galleries, hitting a beam, iron rod, the telltale, or any wood or netting, or above the cemented lines of the courts, although they may return to the floor, count against the striker. 6. A ball, to be fair, must be struck before or on the first bound, and must noc touch the floor, the galleries, the telltale, or any wood or netting, or above the ce- OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 223 mented lines of the courts, before or after reaching the front wall. 7. Until a ball has been touched or bounded twice it may be struck at any number of times. 8. Only the player to whom a ball is served may return it. 9. A ball touching the striker or his partner before the second bound loses a hand or an ace. 10. If a fair ball hits the striker's adversary below or on the knee, it is a let, and shall be played over; if above the knee it counts against the striker. 11. The out-players may once only in each game exchange courts to return service. 12. Every plaj^er should try to keep out of his adversary's way When a hinder is claimed it shall be decided by the marker. 13 The marker's decision, on all questions referred to liim shall be final. If he is in doubt he should ask advice ; and if he cannot decide positively, the ace is to be played over. THE DOUBLE, OR FOUR-HANDED, GAME. 1. The Laws of the Single Game shall apply to the Double or J^our-handed (rame, except as set forth 'in the followinir Laws. "^ 2. Only one of the side which has won the spin shall serve at the hrst time of being hand-in, in any game ; at all subsequent times, the players on each side shall serve in the same order in which they began serving. 3. One player on the hand-out side may stand where he pleases, to receive the service, but his partner and the server's partner must stand behind the server until the service has been delivered. • ^' }l *«® ^^^^ served touch the server's partner before touch- ing the floor twice, whether it was, or would have been, a fault or not, the server shall lose his right of service, and the next hand-in shall serve. 5. The players on the hand-out side may choose the order ip which they shall receive the service, and they shall adhere to that order, and shall only change it once in any g^ime, or at theendof any game, of a rubber. 6. If the ball in-play touch the striker's partner, it shall count against them ; that i-. if the striker was hand-out. the other side shall score an ace; if he was hand-in, his side shall lose one hand-in :— Except, in case the ball in-play touch the striker's partner after it has been hit at and missed by one of their opponents when It shall count against such opponents; that is if thev were hand-')ut, the other side shall scoi-e an ace; if they were liand-in, they shall lose one hand-in. SHl^F'FIELD RULKS — FOR THE — Oox^err:irTi^ei\t of F*rof essioraal Racing. Any man entering a handicap except in liis proper name, or liaving changed liis residence, must state his late and pres- ent abode at tlie time of entry, or, having won a handicap at any time and not stating it or in any way to lead the handi- cappers astray, for any of these offences he will be disqualified and his entrance and acceptance money v/ill be forfeited. Any man winning a liandicap after the entries are published will be put back two yards, and one yard for being second, or any man running second to the winner in either of his heats will be put back half a yard. Penalties not accumulative. Any man leaving or getting over his mark with either foot before the pistol is fired, will be put back one yard for the first offence, two yards for the second, and the third time disquali- fied. If any man gets over his mark and after being put back runs a dead heat, in running off such heat, the man penalizedimust Btart from his original mark. No objection will be entertained unless made by 8 P. m. on the first day's running, and the person making such objection must deposit the sum of five pounds in the hands of the pro- prietor, and should tiie objection made not be sustained, the money deposited shall bo forfeited and go towards paying expences, to be decided by the proprietor and the committee. In the event of a dead heat being run and one of the men af- terwards walks over, after such heats, all bets about either man for that heat shall be added together and divided. Should the final result in a dead heat, the two dead heaters must divide the first and second prize equally and all bets made about either man winning the liandicap right out, must be added together and di\ided. In the event of any disturbance taking place or darkness coming on, the proprietor or the committee shall have the power to postpone the running of any heat or heats until the following day, except when a Sunday intervenes, in which case it shall be adjourned until the Monday. The decision of the leferee shall be final without any appeal to a court of law. SKATINa RULERS, I^ro^ramme of tHe National At:nateur- Sl^atlnii Association, for F^igur-e SUatir^g Corxtests. The object of this programme is to set forth the movements of tigure sliating so as best to test the prolicieney of skaters, and in an order that will economize the strength of the con- testants. The movements are arranged under comprehensive fundamental heads, designed to include everytliing appertain- ing to the art. It is to be understood tliat whenever practica- ble all movements are to be executed both forward and back- ward, on right foot and on left. 1. Plain forward and backward skating in various ways. 2. Outside edge roll forward. 3. Outside edge roll backward. 4. Inside edge roll forward. 5. Inside edge roll backward. 6. Figure eight on one foot forwaid. 7. Figure eight on one foot backward. 8. Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double circle. 9. Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double circle. 10 Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside or inside edge. 11. Change of edge roll backward, beginning on either out- side or inside edge. 12. Spread eagle on inside and outside edges. 13. Curved angles-threes, single, double, chain and flying beginning on inside or outside edge. 226 OFFIOIATi SPORTING RULES. 14. Curved angles— roi'king turns from outside edge to out- side edge, or from inside edge to inside edge, forward ana backward. 15. Curved angles— crosscuts or anvils. 16. Grapevines, including Pliiladelphia 'twist." 17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. 18. Single and double flat foot spins cioss-foot and two-foot whirls. 19. (a) Serpentines on one foot and on both feet ; (b) change of edge, single and double. 20. Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single an^ in combination. 21>> Display of complex movements, at the option of the con- testant. 22. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. If limited as to time, the judges may select what is thought best. This schedule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to judges, who should continually bear in mind that grace is tho most desirable attribute of artistic skating. The rules of the National Amateur Skating Association are as follows : The officials of a tigure skating competition shall be three judges and one scorer. The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from the number of contestants down to 0. Experience has shown the following to be the most practic- able method of scoring : "The number to be given to the one standing first in any section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same number ; and the one coming next below takes the number resulting from subtracting the number of competitors above him from the number entered. A total failure Is marked zero." A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which he awards to each competitor. OFFIClAIi SPORTING RULES. 227 These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disa- greement the majority shall decide. The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed to each contestant on each figure, but shall not be permitted to inform any competitor of his standing until the close of the entire competition. In deciding the relative merits of competitors, special atten- tion will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating to place and ability to use both feet equally well. Competitors before coming on the ice will draw lots to de- cide the order in which they shall skate, and shall preserve this order throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserving their relative succession. If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have skated in the first eleven numbers sufficiently well, they may require him to retire. Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his proper turn without a reason satisfactory to the judges, will be ruled out of the competition, and shall leave the ice. The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final witli regard to all questions of disqualifications, interpretations of the programme, and merits of the competitors. SPEED SKATING. 1. Three tests shall be established. The First Class or High- est Badge shall be awarded to any skater who shall skate a mile with not less than three turns in 3 minutes and 30 sec- onds. The Second Class Badge to any skater who accomplishes it in 4 minutes, and the Third Class Badge will be awarded for 4 minutes 30 seconds. 2. The Association shall also give, each year championship races at such distances and at such places as the Executive Committee may select, and shall give public notice of times and places as long in advance as the weather permits. Riile^ for Sno^5^"*-Slr(^oeing. AETICLE I.— OF THE SHOE. The snow-.slicm shall be made of wood, and hide or gut. The shoes, Including strings, shall not be less than IX pounds, in weight at start and finish of competitions, and shall measure not less than 10 inches gut, in width. They shall be weighed at the start and finish of each competition by a per- son appointed for that purpose. In boy's races, snow-shoes of any Avidth and weight may be used. Objections to a competitor's shoes shall be made before the start. ARTICLE II.— OF STARTING. All starting shall be by report of pistol after after a prelim- inary caution. A snap cap is not a start. If any competitor starts before the signal, he shall be put back one yard for each of the first two Oifences, and disqualified upon a third. ARTICLE III.— OF POSITION at starting. Competitors shall draw lots for choice of position at starting. In races in heats, the competitors' positions at the end of each heat shall decide their choice of positions at starting for the next heat. ARTICLE IV.— HEAT RACES. A competitor must win two heats, to be winner of the race. A competitor not winning a heat or making a dead heat m the first three heats will not be allowed to start in any subse- quent hoat. A dead heat shall be counted in the race and shall be consid- ered a heat which is undecided only as between the competi- OFFICIAL. SPORTING RUIjES. 229 tors making it, and it sliall be cou.sidered a heat lost by all the other competitors. The rank of couipetitors.. other than the winner, shall be de- cided by their position in each heat of tlie liace i. e., a com- petitor winning a heat shall be considered better than one making a dead heat, and a dead heat better than only second place in any heat, and a second place better than only third in any heat. In the event of two or more competitors being equal for sec- ond or third places, such competitors shall run off a deciding heat. In all cases competitors must race out their distance to qualify for starting in succeeding heats. AKTICLE v.— BRUSHING. No competitor shall cross the track ef another competitor to take it, until he shall be six feet in advance of that competitor. In races round a course, a competitor must pass on the out- side, but if a competitor in advance deliberately draws out of his track and leaves his successor room to pass him on the in- side, that successor may do so. AKTICLE VI.— DISQUALIFICATIONS. The judges may disqualify a competitor for persistent false starts, for disobedience to their orders, or to those of the starter, or for deliberately jostling or impeding any other competitor. ARTICLE VII.— WINNING. That competitor is winner, whose breast first reaches the tape. ARTICLE VIII.— HURDLE RACES. In hurdle races, a runner who leaps on a hurdle, runs through or around it, vaults it, or passes it in any other way than by fairly leaping over it, commits a foul and shall be disqualified. ARTICLE IX.— RUNNING FRAUDULENTLY- Whenever a competitor shall run not to win, he shall be dis- qualified for twelve months from starting in any race gov- erned bv these rulef« 380 OFFICIAIi SPORTING RUIjES. ARTICLE X.— LOSING a shoe. So long as both snow-shoes remain attached to the feet oi- ankles, a runner may continue his race. A runner cannot, however, carry his shoe in his liand in event of its slipping from his feet. ARTICLE XI.— ASSIST ANOE. It shall be considered foul for any competitor to be assisted by any one during a race when such assistance necessitates touching the competitor. ARTICLE XII.— ACCIDENTS AND INTERFERENCES . In cases where a competitor meets with an accident in or- dinary course, the Judges may not interfere. If an accident be caused by the friends of another competi- tor in assisting him, then the other competitor shall be dis- qualified. ARTICLE XIII.— TIME BETWEEN HEATS. In all races in heats, where the distance shall be 200 yards or less, the time allowed between heats shall be not less than two minutes, nor jno4-e than five minutes. In all cases in heats, where the distance exceeds 200 yards and does not exceed half a mile, the time allowed between heats shall be not less than four minutes, nor more than ten minutes. ARTICLE XIV.— HOUR of starting. The Judges shall decide all matters of time connected with starting. No delay after the appointed time for starting shall be per- mitted for the convenience of any competit )r. ARTICLE XV.— OBJECTIONS. Any objetJtion to a competitor for fouling must bf> made within five minutes after the conclusion of the race. Objection as to qualifications, entries, etc., must be made before the start, unless the fact on which the objection is based was not known to the objector at the time. In this after case ob- jections may be made within forty -eight hours after the race This does not apply to Sec. 4, of Article 1. OPFIOIAL SPORTING RULES. 281 ABTIOLE XVI.— POST entries. Post entries, except for club or consolation races, shall not be allowed. ARTICLE XVII.— JUDGES betting. Judges must not bet upon a race over which they preside. ARTICLE XVIII. —DECISIONS and appeals. The decisions of the Judges on matters of fact is final. A club shall be considered ihe best judge of its own by-laws, qualifications af membership, etc. From the decision of the Judges, on any question of inter- pretation of law, an appeal shall lie to three experts, the appel- lant selecting one, the Judges, and these two deciding on a third. Such appeal must be declared at once. ARTICLE XIX.— distances. In races in heats there shall be no distance post when the course is less than 44:0 yards. When the course is of 440 yards, the distance post shall be 50 yards from the finish. When the course is of 880 yards the distance post shall be 80 yards from the finish. If a competitor shall not have reached the distance post by the time the winner shall have reached the winning post, such competitor shall be distanced, and must not stai-t for any succeeding heat of such race. ARTICLE XX.— measurement op track. The track shall be measured three feet from the Ijushes, ARTICLE XXL— GREEN runner. A green runner is one who has never won a first prize in any snow-shoe race. SHuiffle Board Ruiles. The length of the board must be thirty feet, and the width must not exceed twenty inches. The Shuffle Board should be made of one solid plank, of white wood or white pine, and as thick as possible, to prevent warping The surface of the board shall not exceed three feet from the floor. The gutter must be four a half inches wide, and shall go en- tirel y around the board. Four round pieces or weights, of hard, cast iron, marked A, and 4 marked B, to distinguish the opponents, are used, each weighing from three-quarters of a pound to one pound, about two inches in diameter, and half an inch thick, which should be line castings and smooth on the bottom. Before commencing to play, the surface of the board should be sprinkled with very fine sand, perfectly dry, and during the game, players can sand the board if they desire. About five inches from the ends of the board a straight line should be drawn, and should be parallel with the ends. This is called the "deuce" line. All pieces over the deuce line count two, and if a piece hangs over the end of the board, it is calleda "ship," and counts three. When at the end of round no piece is "in," then that piece which lays nearest to the line counts one point. Twenty-one points constitute a game. In a four-handed game, one opponent from each side must stand at the end of the board, not changing from one end of the board to the other, as in a regular game, but remain as they started, shoving the pieces alternately; the winning man at either end always taking the lead. When either piece rebounds from the end of the board, said piece does not count and must be taken off. The scoring board is like a crib board, placed against waW with pegs to count with. Board and table should be fastened against wall to insure firmness. W^RICST^I.INa RITLKB, COLLAR AND ELBOW. Rule 1.— The men shall wear short coats or jackets made of canvas, not extending: below the hips, with strong collar and the elbow suitable for the grasp of an opponent. They shall wear rubber sandals on the feet. 2.— Each man shall take hold of the collar of his opponent with his right hand opposite the left shoulder and under the left ear, while with the left hand he must take hold of the right elbow of his opponent's jacket sleeve, and, under no con- sideration shall a wrestler allow the thumb of his left hand to slip inside of the right sleeve of his opponent's jacket. An offender shall be cautioned for the first offence, and forfeit a fall for the second. 3.— Both men shall stand up breast and breast, with limber arms, and show fair and equal play with the feet. 4.— Either man breaking his hold with one or both hands, to save himself from a fall shall forfeit said fall. 5 —Kicking the limbs or privates is strictly prohibited ; a contestant guilty of either offence to forfeit the match. 6.— All falls must be square back falls, either two hips and one shoulder, or two shoulders and one hip to strike the carpet simultaneously to constitute a fall. 7.— Striking upon the face, side, or knees, is no fall, and noth- ing shall be allowed for forcing a man from such positions to his back. 8.— Going down on one or both knees is fair, as long as no holds are broken. 9.— Butting is foui, and shall be pimishable with a forfeiture of the match. 10.— A rest of at least ten and not more then twenty minutes shall be allowed between each fall. 284 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 11.— Matches '^hall be made for first fall, best two in three, or three in five, to win according to mutual agreement. 12.— The enclosure for a wrestling contest shall be twenty- four feet square, and nobody shall be allowed inside except the referee and two umpires. 13.— When the articles are signed, a final stakeholder and an umpire shall be chosen for each man. 14.— In case the contestants or umpires cannot agree upon a referee, the stakeholder shall appoint one. 15.— The decision of the referee shall in every case be final, and the stakes shall be paid to the winner in accordance with his decision. CATCH AS CATCH CAN. Rule 1. Either opponent may press arm (not arms), around his antagonist's neck, but throttling is not allowed. EuLE 2. Tripping your opponent is fair. Rule 3. Two shoulders down constitute a fall (no flying fall to count). A refc^ree should follow up the movements of the jnen, and when the men are down a.nd struggling on the carpet, he ought to get down likewise, so that he will be bet- ter enabled to see when the two shoulders of either of the men are down, and it is always advisable for the referee to allow one second before rendering his decision. If any doubt should arise as to the fairness of a fall, the referee should allow the match to proceed. Rule 4. The match ought to be decided first fall best two in three, or three in five, according to agreement between the men Rule 5. No less than 10 (ten) or more than 15 (fifteen) min- utes rest allowed between each back fall. Rule 6. Letting go either hand, changing holds or grab- bing by the legs shall be allowed. Rule 7. The ring should be at least 24 feet square if on a "stage, but in a field or park, it is better to have more space. Rule 8. In all matches, the wrestlers should wear either socks or stockings, or else barefooted, and they will not be permitted to scratch or suffocate, pull each others ears, or commit any other unfair act toward each other. Neither will they be allowed to be rubbed with grease or resin on their OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 235 hands, or any pernicious drug or any part of their bodies. The competitors will be allowed one seconder each, and who must not be changed during the progress of the match, neither will a seconder be allowed to touch his own oi his op- ponent's man while wrestling. Touching either competitor while wrestling will be a disqualilication against the offender and his party, and the referee shall decide against them. If the wrestlers get entangled with what may be considered the boundary of the ring, they shall draw off, and renew the con- test with the same holds as when they drew off. Rule 9. All outside bets go with the stakes. The stake- holder or his deputy to announce on the premises or grounds where the match takes place, publicly at all times when a match is not linished which way the stakes go. Rule 10. Should any match not be linished on the day ap- pointed, both wrestlers to meet and weigh (if required), and commence wrestling at the same time and place, day by day (Sunday excepted), until the match is finished, except otherwise agreed upon ; but in the event of one wrestler gain- ing a fall, he can claim the stakes in the absence of any ar- rangement to continue the match. In the event of a wrestler giving up the match, when he has won a back fall, the stakes shall be claimed by his opponent. Neither wrestler is per- mitted to stop for the purpose of being refreshed, unless mut- ually agreed upon by the wrestlers. Rule 11, Should the referee not be chosen when the men sign articles, and the wrestlers with their backers fail to agree upon one within 15 minutes from the time of entering the ring, the stakeholder is empowered to act in that capacity, or else appoint one. Rule 12. If any disagreement arises out of any match through any nice or fine point not provided for in these rules, the dispute shall be settled by the referee, and his decision shall be final in all cases. These rules are conclusive and binding. GR^CO-ROMAN. Rule l.— Wrestlers are allowed to take hold from the head and not lower than the belt or waist, (rrasping the legs is strictly forbidden . 236 OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 2.— The men shall use open hands and are not allowed to strike, scratch (jr clasp hands. 3. — Wrestlers shall not be allowed to clasp one of their own hands within the other, nor interlace their fingers, but they can grasp their own wrist to tighten their hold around their opponent's body, or otherwise, 4.— The principals shall have their finger nails and hair cut short, and must wrestle either barefooted or in their socks. 5._{^hould a wrestler fall on his knee, shoulder or side, a new start must be made. 6.— Should the principals roll over each other, the one whose shoulder shall touch the ground first is deemed conquered. 7.— A rest of not less than ten nor more than twenty-five minutes shall be allowed between each bout. 8.— The shoulders touching the ground simultaneously con- stitutes a fall. 9. — At the posting of the first deposit a final stakeholder shall be chosen, and, in case the principals cannot agree upon a referee, the stakeholder shall appoint one. 10.— All matches shall be made for first fall, best two in three, or three in five, to win, according to mutual agreement. 11.— When a postponement is necessary, the referee shall name a time and place of meeting should the principals fail to come to any mutual agreement on a time and place. DEVONSHIRE. Rule 1.— On " Time " being called the principals shall shake hands and let go, otherwise no fall will count. 2.— The men shall wear loose jackets and will not be permit- ted to catch hold both in one hand, or to catch across and thereby choke an opponent. 3.— The men shall wrestle in boots or shoes, devoid of iron or steel, and either man guilty of kicking an opponent above the knees shall forfeit the fall. 4.— A principal falling upon his knees, or putting out a hand to prevent a fall, shall lose the bout. The referee to be judge of same. 5 __Two shoulders and one hip or two hips and one shoulder striking the ground simultaneously shall constitute a fall, but should an opponent touch the ground first, or at the same OFFICIAL SPORTTN^a KTTT.KS. 237 time, the fall shall not count. The fall must be clean, neither part of the opponents' bodies touching the ground before the fall. 6.— Falling on one or both knees, or touching the ground with the hands, breaks the hold, and the men shall wait for the referee to call " Time." 7.— The men shall grasp hold of the jackets only, but in play it is allowable to catch around the neck or to span the body, but not to touch lower than the belt line. Catching by the legs or waist-bands shall be deemed a foul, and the man guilty of such an offence shall forfeit a fall. SIDE HOLD. Rule 1.— The principals shall toss for choice of holds. 2. — Each man shall take ^lold of an opponent's hip or belt with one hand, and with the other his antagonist's hand. 3.— A contestant whose back strikes fairly on the ground shall be deemed to have lost one fall, and all attempts to pull or turn his opponent over shall not count. 4.— A man breaking his hold, before one or the other is thrown, shall forfeit a fall. 5.— The contestants are permitted to drop on one or both knees and rise again, and accept every fair and honorable means to gain a fall from his opponent. 6. — The men shall wrestle in stocking feet or light shoes, and either man grabbing a contestant's leg shall forfeit a fall. 7.— A rest of not less than ten nor more than twenty min- utes shall be used between each fall. 8.— The match to be first fall, best two in three, or three in five, according to mutual agreement. 9.— The ring shall be twenty-four feet square, or as near that size as practicable, and not one to be allowed inside ex- cepting the referee and two umpires. 10.— A referee shall be chosen at the posting of the tirst de- posit, and his decisions shall be deemed final and without ap- peal, and all stakes, gate money, and outside bets shall be paid accordingly. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND. Rules. — On taking hold, the wrestlers stand up chest to chest, each placing his chin on his opponent's right shoulder, 288 OFFICIAL SPORTING RUIiES. and grasping him round the body, each placing his left arm ubove the right of his antagonist. When both men have got hold, and are fairly on their guard, the play commences, and, with the exception of kicking, they are allowed to use every legitmate means to throw each other. If either party breaks his hold, that is loses his grip, though not on the ground, and the other still retains his hold, the one so leaving loose shall be the loser. If either man touches the ground with one knee only, or any other part of his body, though he may still retain his hold, he shall not be allowed to recover himself, but shall be deemed the loser. If both fall to the ground, the man who is first down or falls under the other shall be the loser ; but if they fall side by side , or otherwise, so that the umpires cannot decide which was first on the ground, it shall be what is technicallv termed a " dog fall," and shall be wrestled over again. CROSS-COXJNTRV RULES OF THE. SLOW CHASES. 1. There shall be two hares, one master of the pack, and two whips, to be appointed by the Club captain, or other recognized authority. 2. The hares shall be allowed a start of from five to ten minutes, at the discretion of the captain. 3. The master, who shall act as pacemaker, shall have sole control of the pack, and, until the break is ordered, he shall, at his pleasure, appoint temporary pacemakers at any period of the chase. 4. The members of the pack must keep within hailing distance of the master, and under ordinary circum- stances must always keep behind the master until the break for home is ordered. 5. Only one break shall be ordered by the master, and then only for home ; such break shall never be more than a mile. 6. It shall be the duty of the whips to keep the pack together, and to collect and assist all stragglers. FAST CHASES. 7. In fast chases there shall be two hares, who shall be allowed a start of from.five to fifteen minutes, to be 240 omciAii spoETixa i^ut.es. fixed by the captain after considering the relativt ability of both pack and hares. 8. The scent shall be laid from the start, and each hound may run at his own pace. 9. It shall be in the discretion of the captain, or other officer acting in his stead, to order a break for home, or to allow the pack to race from start to finish. GENERAL. 10. Club runs shall be runs for which no scent is laid, but in all other conditions must conform to those of a slow chase. 11. In all chases the hares shall lay a fair and con- tinuous trail throughout, and shall not be allowed to double on their trail ; they shall be allowed to cross fordable streams only, and must surmount all obstacles over which they lay the trail. 12. In all chases the hares must keep within haihng distance of each other. 13. Under no circumstances must the pack follow the line of sight when the hares are seen, but must alwavs follow the trail. 14. In all chases the break for home shall be indicated by a scattered bunch of paper different in color from that used on the trail. 15. Touching one of the hares by any member of the pack shall constitute a catch. 16. If the hares do not finish together, the time of the last hare in shall be considered the time of their arrival. 17. A slow pack may be started at the discretion of the captain in all runs and chases (except for prizes) under the control of a master and two whips. A start of one minute for each mile estimated to be covered shall be allowed by the fast pack. COMPETITIONS. 18. In all runs or chases where there is a race, handi- OFFICIAIi SPORTING RUIiES. 241 cap or otherwise, from the break to a specified finish the pack must be lined up by the master and started bv him. ^ 19. In all runs or chases, where order of finish counts for points or prizes, it shall be the duty of the master to report any disobedience on the part of any member of the pack to the proper authority of the Club under whose auspices the chase is being conducted, and it shall be in the discretion of such authority to disqualify the delinquent or nulhfy the points gained. 20. In all open competitions or races from start to finish the man arriving first at any obstacles shall have the right of way ; any other contestant pushing or interfering with him shall be guilty of a foul and liable to disqualification by the referee. 21. The referee shall also have power to disqualify any person proved to have deviated from the trail in any competition, or any one who has been aided by any horse or vehicle on the route. 22. All handicaps shall be by time allowance at the commencement of the race, with the exception of yacht handicaps in which all contestants start together, their time allowance being taken into account at the finish. OFFICIALS. The Cross-Country Championships of this Associa- tion shall be under the direction of One Referee. Three Judges at finish, or more. Six Distance Judges, or more. Three Time-keepers, or more. Three Scorers, or more. One Starter. One Clerk of the Course and Assistants. One Marshal and Assistants. One Official Reporter and such other officials as the Executive Committee see fit to appoint. 242 ornciAii sporting rules. FOOT BALL RULES. The Official Foot Ball Kules of the American Intercolle- giate Association are subject to changes each year and are published exclusively by A. G. Spalding & Bros., Chicago. New York and Philadelphia, in pamphlet form, and will he sent to any address in the United States or Canada on receipt of 10 cents. BASE BALL. The rules are published annually by A. G. Spalding & Bros., Chicago, New York and Philadelphia, in Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide^ and as they are changed each year, they are not published in this volume. The Base Ball Kules will be sent to any address on receipt of 10 cents. Appliances for Out-Door Athletics- 16 LB. HAMHERS, Lead and iron, made according to A. A. U. Rules, also Hammer Handles. 56 LB. WEIGHT, Lead and Iron, made according to tlie rules of the A. A. IT., with the famous Mitchell Handle. SHOTS, For putting the shot, all weights, lead and iron. The Reg- ulation A. A. I). 16 lb. Shot always in stock. IRON CIRCLE, 7 feet in circumference, for throwing weights and putting sliot. Also Regulation TOE BOAKDS, for sliot putting. JUMPING UPRIGHTS, CROSS BARS AND VAULTING POLES. Spalding's Special Marker for makei handicaps. Iron Stakes with Lanes, for Sprint Races and Regulation finish parts. Steel Tapes, for measuring. Lap Bells, Hurdles, Combination 2-ft. 6 in. and 3-ft. 6in. Hurdles, easily adjusted. Can furnish indi- vidual ones if desired. Athletic Club officers should remember that all our imple- ments are made in accordance with the rules of the A. A. U. Complete Catalogue mailed on application. A. O. SPALDING & BROS., CHIOAQO. NEW YORK. PHU ADELPHIA, WRIGHT Sl DITSON, MANUFACTURERS OK Athletic Goods BASKET BALL, GOALS AND BALLS, GYMNASIUM GOODS AND APPLIANCES. UNIFORMS FOR ALL SPORTS. Our Illustrated Catalogue Contains a Complete List of all Goods Pertaining fo Athletic Sports and Pastimes, Mailed Free to any Address. WHOLESALE STORE. RETAIL STORE, 97 Pearl Street, 344 Washins^ton St., BOSTON, MASS. SPALDING'S TRADE-MARK GOODS, SPALDING'S BASE BALL UNIFORMS. Our uniforms comprise the best and only complete line in the market. Each grade is kept up to the highest point of excellence, and we offer over forty different patterns to select from. Shoes not included in luiiform complete. No. O. Uniform complete No, I . Uniform " No. 2. Uniform " No. 3. Uniform " No. 4. Uniform " No. 5. Boy's Uniform Samples of Flannels and Measurement Blank mailed on application. SPALDING'S BASE BALL SHOES. All w ith plates attached. Made at our own fac- tory and every pair warranted for good service. No. OO. Kangaroo, best qual- ity, • . • $7.50 No. O. Calfskin, handsewed, $6.00 No. I X, I-eather, handsewed, $3.50 Our Complete Catalogue Mailed Free. A. G. SF>ALDINa ^ BROS $(2.50 lO.OO 7.50 5.0O 3.50 2.50 CHICAGO. NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA. THE ST. liWRENGE RIVER SKIFF D/INQER0Q5 position for a man weighing- 145 pounds on the gunwale of any boat ; but our St. Lawrence Kiver Skiffs will stand the test ^without upsetting the boat or taking in v/ater. No other malie of boat of its size will do it. If you are Inter- ested in Canoes of any kind. Livery and Row Boats, Steam Launches, or anything in the Boat Line, send to us for Catalogue and any other information desired. JT. LAWRENCE RIVER SM, Canoe Steam Launcli Go. CI-AYTON. N. Y. Russell's Improved Curling Stones We have much pleasure in announcing to our patrons, and the Curlers o i America, that we have made arrangements with Mr. J. S. Russell, of Toronto, Ont., for the exclusive sale in the United States of the long tried and justly celebrated "Russell's Improved Curling Stones." These Stones are exclusively used by all crack clubs in the United States and Canada, and are the most reliable and perfect Curling Stones in exitence. Ailsea Craig, without handles, . . . . $ 1 2.50 Bkie Hones, without handles, ..... I6.00 Red Hones, without handles, .... 18.00 White Metal Handles, complete, with bolts and leather washers, ........ 3.00 Nickel-plated Handles, complete, with bolts and leather washers, ........ 4.00 Score Cards, ...... Per lOO, .50 Send for Complete Catalogue of Fall and Winter Sports. Mailed Free. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. Sportsrpeo^s Wear EQUIPnBNT5. NO GOODS SOLD AT RETAIL where Dealers Carry Our Line. Ask Your Dealer for Barnard's Goods ; if He Cannot Supply You Send Direct to Us. Send for Catalogue. CEO. BARNARD & CO., 1, 3 and 5 Bond Street, NEW YORK. 199 and 201 Madison Street, CHICAGO. 3FAL!:ilNQ'5 TCSDT BALL 5WEATER5. No. 2/0. No. 2/0. 'fntercollegiate" extra heavy, No. K. 1 irtre Sweater, .... No. L. " .standard " Sweater, . No. IVI. 'Peerless " Sweater, No. P. ''Columbia" Sweater, . No. R, "Eclipse" Sweater, . BOYS' SWEATER. No. M B. "Peerless " Junior, No. P B. " Columbia ' ' Junior, . Norting Goods mailed free to any adddess, A. G. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. ,'. NEW YORK. .'. PHILADELPHIA. PECK & SNYDER, Corner BEEKHAN AND NASSAU NEW YORK. STREETS, flanufacturers of the Celebrated /iriERICflN m^m. ICE CLUB 5KflTE5. ^ ^ ^ Complete Catalogue of Summer and Winter Sports, . . also our . . Trick and Novelty Catalogue, Embracing thousands of interesting and amusing novelties for the home circle. SENT FREE UPON /IFFLKflTION. ^GOLFIING IMPLEMENTS EDINBURGH BALL CLEANER. NO.25. Edinburgh Cleaner. Each, $1.25 HULBURT'S BALL CLEANER. No, 2, Hulburt Cleaner. Each, $ ( .00 BALL PAINTING MACHINE. To hold Ball when repaint- ing same. No. 35. Each, - $2.50 CADDY BAGS. For carrying Golf Clubs. No. I. Heavy Tan Waterproof Canvas, Sling Strap, and Leather Bottom and Handle. Each, $4.00 No. 2. Same as No. i, with Pocket on side for holding ball. Each, $4.50 No. 4, Same as No. i, with Pocket on side and removable hood for completely covering clubs when traveling. $6.00 HOME GOLF PRESS. For remolding damaged balls. No. 30. Each, - - - $5.00 nGOLFTer> ; i PATENTED «j V J) \:*ious.^^^ No. 2. No. 1. GOLF TEES. Used for elevating Ball for drive from Tee or starting point. Mo. I. BIoxom'sTee, - - - Each, 25C. No. 2. Hall's Tee, _ . . - " QQc. POCKET SCORE CASES No. I. Leather Cover. Each, 50c , No. 2. Leather Cover, ex- tra quality. Each, $ | ,OC' Package of 12 Re-filll Cards, Complete Catalogue Mailed on Application. A. Q. 5FflLblNQ &- BR05., CHICAGO NEW YORK. PHBLADELPHIA, H GalGKI PATENTED New Patent Sun Protecting Mask. No. 4-0 Spalding's New Patented Sun Protecting Mask. Made of black enameled wire, with a perfect shade for the eyes not increasing the weight of the Mask. A great improvement on all other makes, Each, $5 00 No. 3-0 Spalding's New Patented Neck Protecting Mask, Each, $4 00 No. 00. Spalding's Special League Mask, used by all leading professional catchers, - Each, $3 50 No. 0. Spalding's Regulation League Mask, " $3 00 No. A. Spalding's Amateur Mask, made the same size and general style as the League Mask, - Each, $1 75 No. B. Spalding's Boy's Amateur Mask, - " 150 No. C. Youth'sMask,withoutheador chin piece, " 100 No. B. Boy's Mask, light wire, without head or chin piece, ------ Each, $0 50 No. E. Boy's Mask, light wire, without lioad or chin piece, ' Each, $0 25 A. O. SPALDING & BROS., New York, Chicago, pHrLABELPHiA, SPALDING'S REGULATION POLO STICK The Spalding League Polo Stick has been adopted by all the leading Polo Leagues, and is the finest and best finished on the market. No. A. Spalding's League Stick, made of selected second growth hickory, flat handle and ends Each, .75 No. B. Spalding's Standard Stick, made of selected material, nicely finished and flat handle and ends, ..... Each, .50 No. C. Practice Polo Stick, well made and durable, flat handle and ends, . Each, ;25 No. D. Junior Polo Stick, . . Each, .10 No. E. Boy's Polo Stick, . . Each, .05 POLO BALLS. No. I. Spalding's Official League Polo Ball, No. 2. Regulation Hockey Ball, No. 3. Amateur Hockey Ball. Each. $I.OO .50 .25 POLO SHIN GUARDS. No. 1 . Made of Canvas, No. 2. Made of Moleskin, No. 3. Made of Leather. Per Pair. $i.oo 1.29 I.50 Send for our Complete Catalogue of Fall and Winter Sports. Mailed Free. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA. Tennis and Outins: Shirts. No. E'ch Finest Imported MadrM.lZOU $8 00 Fine Quality" " 1300 J 00 Finest Imp'td Cheviot.. 1500 8 00 Fine quality imported Cheviot 1600 aoo Ties to match above shirts . M Oood quality, Domestic Cheviot 1700 log Medium quality .Domes- tic Cheviot 1800 50 Fancy Flannel 2300 800 '• " 2300 J CO Tennis and Outing Coats. Retail No. Each Finest Imported Berge..l00 •1000 •• all wool 300 760 " Serges 500 JOO Blaaers fi SCO White Flannal 2/0 12 00 750 1 Duck ,best,all Linen IC " goud quality... 20 100 100 40U Tennis and Outing Pants. Flne«t Imported Sorge 100 fsOO all-wool..... 900 6t)0 Fancy Serges 500 4 00 White Flannel .... 2/0 10 00 «00 •• •• 1 500 a 400 Duck, best, all linen 1 500 " '• fo:)d quality I 860 i:udlum" I 160 A. C. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO, NEW YORK. PHILADELFBiAi LACROSSE. STICK". Flaniiery's Expert, $3 00; Double Strung, $2 25; Single Strung, fi ys* Second Quality, Single Strung, fi 25 ; Boys' Lacrosse, fi 00. FLAGS. Lacrosse Goal Flags, ...... per set, $5 06 BALLS. Spalding's Lacrosse Ball has been adopted l)y all the leading clubs as the Regulation Ball. Price, each, 50 cents ; per doz., $5 00. FENCING GOODS. SWORDS. Imported Combat Swords, per pair, $7 50 ; Haute Rapier, per pair, $6 00; Wooden Fencing Swords, $2 00. FOILS. Ordinary steel blades, iron handles, per pair, ^i 50 ; Good Solingen steel blades, brass mounted, per pair, $2 50; Fine Solingen steel blades, brass mounted, per pair, «^3 50; Best Solingen steel blades, curved handles, per fair, $500; Ordinary steel blade, each, 50c.: Good steel blade, each, 75c.; ine steel blade, each, $1 00 ; Best steel blade,each, $1 50. MASKS. Plain Fencing Masks, per pair, $2 50 ; with ear protectors, per pair, ^3 00; with ear and forehead protectors, per pair, $4 00. Rapier Masks, per pair, $10 00 ; Basket Helmets, per pair, $6 00. Fencing Gloves, padded, without gauntlet, each, $r cxj. Gauntlet Glove, padded, each, $1 50. Plastroon, for protection of chest, $2 00. EQUESTRIAN POLO GOODS. MALLETS. Malacca or penang handles, $1 75 ; Balls, regulation, per doz., $3 00. POLO STICKS. Regulation and standard styles, 75c., 50c., 25c. and loc-., each. POLO BALLS. No. I. Spalding's Official League, .... each, $» 00 No. 2. Regulation Hockey Ball, ,...." 50 No. 3. Practice Ball, ...... "25 Our Catalogue contains a descriptive list of every artirlt; used in games of Lacrosse and Polo. Mailed free to any address. A. C, SPALDING & BROS., Chicago. New York. Philadeip^iia, FENCING MASKS. No Face Guard. MASKS, ^^^ AND Face Guard. Per Pair. No. I. Fine quality Wire Mask, Face Guard only, $2,50 No. 2. Fine quality Wire Mask, with Ear and Face Guard, 3,00 No. 3. Fine quality Wire Mask, with Ear, Forehead and Face Guard, Per pair, $4.00 No. Sy^, Same as No. 3, but heavier wire and very close mesh, extra fine quality, Per pair, $4.50 hlo 3 Ear, Forehead and Face Guard. HELMETS. Per Pair. No. 4. Rapier Helmet, heavy wire, for Bi-oadsword, Sabre and Foil exercise, ..... $IO.OO No. 5. Willow Basket Helmets, .... 6.00 Our complete Catalogue of Spring- and Summer Sports, General Athletio and Gymnasium Goods Mailed Free to any address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. SPALDING'S NFIELDERS' and BASEMANS' MITTS. No. 3X. Spalding's Baseman's Mitt, Xo. 4X. Spaldins's Baseman's Mitt, No. 5X. Spalding's Baseman's Mitt, No. XX. Spalding's Infielder's Glove, No. X. Spalding's Infielder's Glove, No. E. Spalding's Youth's Glove No. F. Spalding's Boys' ( ilove. Each, $3.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 2.00 .50 -25 SPALDING'S BODY PROTECTORS. Made of best Rubber, inflated with air ; is soft and pliable ; will not interfere with movements of player. No. OO. Umpire Protector, . No. O. League Protectoi No. I , Amateur Protector, . Each, $ ( O.OO 10.00 6.00 SPALDING'S SCORING TABLETS-CELLULOID, No. O. No. I. Umpires' Indicate Scoring Tablets, E.ich, $o.50 .25 SPALDSNC'S PITCHERS' TOE PLATES. Made f^r Right or T.e't Shoe. Price, $0.50 SPALDING'S SHOE PLATES. No. 2/0. Hand Forged Heel Plates O. Hand Forged Toe Plates I . Professional Steel Plates, 2! Amateur Steel Plates, . 3 J Professional Heel Plates, 11: CATALOGUE MAILED FREE. Per Pr . 50c. 50c. 25c. 15c. 25c. A. Q. SPALDINQ & BROS., CHICAGO. NEWYORK = PHILADELPHIA, INDIAN CLUBS. We make two styles of Maple Indian Clubs. One of superb finish, perfect in every respect and stamped with our trade mark. The other of cheaper stock and linish, but stili better than others' best. The difference in cost to you is but slight, and we strongly recommend your paying the slight advance and securing perfection. Spalding's Trade Mark, Polished Maple Club, each pair wrapped in a paper bag. Weight, pounds. K K 1 13^ 2 23^ 3 4 5 Per pair, $ .40 .45 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 1.00 1.25 Trade Line, not trade-marked, varnished, not polished. Weight, pounds, K X 1 1>^ 2 2X 3 4 5 Per pair, $ .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .60 .65 .90 1.15 EXHIBITION INDIAN CLUBS. Made in four sizes only : 3 lb. size weighing from 1 lb. to 2 lbs., 5 lb. size weighing from 2 lbs., 7 lb. size weigh- ing from 3 lbs. to 4 lbs., 10 lb. size weighing from 4 lbs. to 5 lbs. Very handsomely finished with Ebonite band gilt beads. Just the club for exhibi- tion purposes. Size, 3 lbs. 5 lbs. 7 lbs. 10 lbs. Weight, about, 1 lb. 2 lbs. 3 lbs. 4 lbs. Per pair, $2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 Handsome Stage Club, hollow, nickel tips. 4 lb. size. Per pair, - - - 6.00 POLISHED ASH BAR BELLS. 43^ feet long. Per dozen, $6.00 5 " " 6.00 A. G. SPALDINa Sc BROS., CHIOmtO. NEW YORK, PHILIDELPHIA, SPALDING'S Victor Wzill AVz^cbipes 16 Lb. Weights. Japan Finish, ... $ 1 5.00 Nickel-plated Plnish, I8.00 Our No. 5 Machine has the Centre Arm Adjustment which permits of all the lower as M^ell as the direct and upper chest move m e n t s. The various VirrnD Mn ^ changes are made by raising or V 1^ I WK i^O. O. lowering the centre bar, requir- but a few seconds to do it. This adjustment has proven most useful and beneficial addition to a chest weight ever conceived. By its use in conjunction with the upper movements every muscle in the human body can be exercised. Our complete Catalogue of Wall Machines, Gymnasium Goods and Appliances mailed free to any address. A. a. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. PHILADELPHIA. NEW YORK. mg the SPALDING'S CATCHERS' MiTTS No. 7/0. Spalding's Special League Mitt, made of finest buckskin, lieavily padded, lace back, . . . $7.00 No. S/0. Spalding's Professional Mitt, Kennedy Patent, lace back and thumb, . $8.00 No. 6/0. Spalding's University Mitt, Morrill Style, heavily padded, . . . $6.00 No. 5/0. Spalding's League Mitt, made of fine pecarea hogskin, lace back, . . $5.00 No. OX. Spalding's Decker Pat- ent Mitt, leather protector and lace back, . . . $3.50 No. O. Spalding's Mitt, same as No. OX, without leather back protector, . . $3.00 A. Spalding's Amateiir Miit, well padded, lace back, $2.00 No. 3. Spalding's Practice Mitt, buckskin, lace backed, $ 1 .00 BOYS' MITTS. No. OX3. Spalding's Boys' Decker Mitt, same as our No, OX, in small size, ........ $2.00 No. 2. Spalding's P)oys' Mitt, heavily padded and well fin- ished, $1.50 No. 4. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, nicely padded, with lace back, ' ' . . . 5CC. No. 5. Spalding's Boys' Mitt, .... 25c. Complete Catalog".e Mailed Free to any Address. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO. NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. COLUMBIA CLUB LEVER. The Columbia Club Lever Skates are made of the best material, and the work- manship and finish are first-class. The style of fastening is too well known to need any description. PER PAIR. No. X. Runners best rolled cast steel, bright finish, sizes 8 to 12 in., 50C. No. XX. Same as No. X, full nickel-plated, sizes 8 to 12 in., . . $ 1 .OO AMERICAN CLUB SKATES. With Self-Locking Lever and Adjustable Heel and Toe Clamps. No. O. American Club is of the best cast steel, with blue steel foot rests and clamps, ..... Per pair, $ | .OO No. 00. American Club is of the best cast steel, with steel foot rests and clamps, nicely electro-nickel-plated throughout, Per pair, | ,50 No. I , American Club, with welded temper and polished steel blades and blue steel foot rests and clamps, . . Per pair, 2.50 No. 2. American Club, with welded temper and polished steel blades. Foot rests and clamps are "templed," bright instead of being blued, and entire skate is electro-nickel-plated, making it very handsome, and acts as a preventitive against rust. Per pair, 3.00 No. 4, American Club is the finest finished skate made. Each part, before being put together, is highly polished and nickel- plated, ....... Per pair, 5.00 SEND FOR COMPLETE CATALOGUE. A. C. SPALDING & BROS., CHICAGO: NEW YORK: PHILADFLPHI A. SPALDING'S BASKET BALL (SOAL FOR IN OR OUTDOOR USE. by pulling cord inside place, Price Complete Made in accordance with the lates rules governing the game and the most substantial goal in use. Made entirely of wrought iron and hea%y wire The ball is released from basket and returns automatically to $20.00. SPALDING'S REGULATION BASKET BALL. Fine Leather Cover and best Red Para Rubber Bladder. No. 5 A. Basket Ball, . . $4.00. No. 5 B. Best all Rubber Ball. 1.25.' Our Complete Illustrated Catalogue Mailed Free to any Address. A. Q. 5FflLDINQ 6^ BR05., NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA. CHICAGO. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Published rionthly. Each Number Complete. Devoted to all kinds of Sports. IN^o. 1. liife and Battles of James J. Corbett. No. 3. Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. By J. H. DOUGHERTY, Amateur Champion of America. ;No. 3. Bowling. By A. E. Vogell. Containing instructions how to Bowl , How to Score, How to Handicap. No. 4. Boxing. This book is without doubt the most valuable manual of its kind ever published. It is fully Illustrated. No. 5. Gymnastics. By ROBERT Stoll, N. Y. A. C, America's Champ- ion on the Flying Kings since 1885. No. 6. Lawn Tennis. By O. S, CAMPBELL, Champion Player of America. Valuable for beginners as well as experts; rules of the game complete. No. 7. Base Ball. By Walter Camp, Specially adapted for Colleges and preparatory schools. Complete history of college base ball. No. 8. Golf. By. J. Stuart Balfour, Containing List of Implements and their uses, Glossary of Technical Terms and Latest Revised Rules of the Game. No. 9. Athletes' Guide. Articles on Training, by H. S. Cornish ; How to Train for Distance Running, by T. P. ConnetT; Sprinting, by Harry Jewett; Throwing Weights, by James Mitchel; Walking, by S. Llebgold; Jumping, Hurdling, Pole Vaulting, by A. A. Jordan; and Rules for the Government of Athletic Games. No. lO. Croquet. Official Rules of the Game as adopted by the National Croquet Association. No. 11. Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide and Referee's Book. Revised by Walter Camp. Authorized and adopted by the American Intercollegiate Association. No. IZ. Gaelic and Association Foot Bail. Complete Methods and Rules of each Game. No. 13. Hand Ball. How to Play it. Rules and Definitions, Regu- lation Court and its Construction, with other interesting matter. No. 14. Curling, Hockey and Polo. Rules governing each game, and other valuable information. No. J 6. Indoor Base Ball Guide. Complete Illustrations for Play- ing, with Description of Game. No. 16. Skating. History o( Skating, from earliest appearance to the present day, to which is added a list of the most authentic I'ecords. No. 17. Basket Ball. Latest Revised Rules, Avith diagrams showing position of Players, etc. No. 18. Fencing. Complete Manual of Foil and Sabre, according to the methods of the best modern schooL EACH, POSTPAID, 10 CENTS. AMERICAN SPORTS PUBLISHING CO, 241 Brozidw^yt M^w YorH. THE ADOPTED BY THE National League and American Association Of Professional Base Ball Chibs. No J. The Spalding League BalF, as adopted by the Nationai. J^EACii-E rind American Association for the seasons of 92, g3, '«^4i 'qs and 'q6, and jised by the National League for the past 'gs ana \6, and jised by the National League for the past 16 years. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil and put in a separata IjOx, as represented in the illustration, and sealed in accordance v.ith the regulations of the National League and American As- S)ciation. Warranted to Jabt a full gaiue without ripping or ios» ing Its elasticity ot sU^pCi Price, - ' « • - Each, $1.90