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A*^ ^ '' ' . . ^ " A*^ ^ ''^- d< o • ^^«<^- ■^^ -^.-«> 3 Z . /■ /' ~2L ^=^^^r f W .1 f/ -ocl^^ ^,,i^.,=:sy<2!=:,.ssij^ ^«^- — c n i^F O'r^^y i//t\ 4i M LJ RECORD! _^->«iui^i^" FBS rrx7 noS rxxi Srn r€5 ^^S udS ^£B ^^nnv^@ TTTi x^S t^vOL I E[- t^-j^g^ E--#:^- -OF- MONTGOMERY AND BOND COUNTIES, — ILLljHOIS,— CONTAINING Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, "OGETHER WITH BIOGRAPHIES AND PORTRAITS OF ALL THE m Presidents of the United states. @ CHICAGO: cn-A^Fz^^nA^Kr BROS. 1892. ^^^ .V/l1, Tg / C/A3 pF(Ep/^§E. -=>t;^ -f-^5«f-.- ^v-^^:^^i^i.'fi?i'\.u"..u'.,h'\>,".,',:.' i '..'i^mi^iimi^u-t': i' : x'. ; j'..";t^v;^t^<^t§s!ji§g, MIMOTflK, r- ^':^':s^^i^^^i=ii'^^^}'\^^j^<^'^m^^'^'r ^3 I HE Father of our Country was '^) horn in Westmorland Co., Va., I,) Feb. 2 2, 1732. His parents were Augustine and Mary ^ (Ball) Washington. The family to which he belonged has not 'f been satisfactorily traced in England. His great-grand- father, John Washington, em- igrated to Virginia about 1657, and became a prosperous * planter. He had two sons, Lawrence and John. The former married Mildred Warner and had three children, John, Augustine and Mildred. Augus- tine, the father of George, first married Jane Butler, who bore him four children, two of whom, Lawrence and Augustine, reached maturity. Of six children by his second marriage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles and Mildred. Augustine Washington, the father of George, died in 1743, leaving a large landed property. To his eldest son, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate on the Patomac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon, and to George he left the parental residence. George received only such education as the neighborhood schools afforded, save for a short time after he left school, when he received private instruction in mathematics. His spelling, v/as rather defectivs, Remarkable stories are told of his great physica; strength and development at an early age. He was an acknowledged leader among his companions, and was early noted for that nobleness of character, fair- ness and veracity which characterized his whole life. When George was 1 4 years old hehad a desire to go to sea, and a midshipman's warrant was secured for him, but through the opposition of his mother the idea was abandoned. Two years later lie was appointed surveyor to the immense estate of Lord Fairfax. In this business he spent three years in a rough frontier life, gaining experience which afterwards proved very essential to him. In 175 i, though only 19 years of age, he was appointed adjutant with the rank of major in the Virginia militia, then being trained for active service against the French and Indians. Soon after this he sailed to the West Indies witli his brother Lawrence, who went there to restore his health. They soon returned, and in the summer of 1752 Lawrence died, leaving a large fortune to an infant daughter who did not long survive him. On her demise the estate of Mount Vernon was given to George. Upon the arrival of Robert Dinwiddle, as Lieuten- ant-Governor of Virginia, in 1752, the militia was reorganized, and the province divided into four mili- tary districts, of which the northern was assigned to Washington as adjutant general. Shortly after this a very perilous mission was assigned him and ac- cepted, which others had refused. This was to pro- ceed to the French post near Lake Erie in North- western Pennsylvania. The distance to be traversed was between 500 and 600 miles. Winter was at hand, and the journey was to be made -.vithout military escort, through a territory occupied by Indians. The GEORGE WASHINGTON. uip was a perilous one, and several times he came near losing his life, yet he returned in safety and furnished a full and useful report of his expedition. A regiment of 300 men was raised in Virginia and put in com- mand of Col. Joshua Fry, and Major Washington was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. Active war was then begun against the French and Indians, in which Washington took a most important part. In the memorable event of July 9, 1755, known as Brad- dock's defeat, Washington was almost the only officer of distinction who escaped from the calamities of the day with life and honor. The other aids of Braddock were disabled early in the action, and Washington alone was left in that capacity on the field. In a letter to his brother he says : " I had four bullets through my coat, and two horses shot under me, yet I escaped unhurt, though death was leveling my companions on every side." An Indian sharpshooter said he was not born to be killed by a ballet, for he had taken direct aim at him seventeen times, and failed to hit him. After having been five years in the military service, and vainly sought promotion in the royal army, he took advantage of the fall of Fort Duquesne and the expulsion of the French from the valley of the Ohio, to resign his commission. Soon after he entered the Legislature, where, although not a leader, he look an active and important part. January 17, 1759, he married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, the wealthy widow of John Parke Custis. When the British Parliament had closed the port -)f Boston, the cry went up throughout the provinces that "The cause of Boston is the cause of us all." It was then, at the suggestion of Virginia, that a Con- gress of all the colonies was called to meet at Phila- delphia,Sept. 5, 1774,10 secure their common liberties, I'.eaceably if possible. To this Congress Col. Wash- ington was sent as a delegate. On May 10, 1775, the Congress re-assembled, when the hostile intentions of England were plainly apparent. The battles of Con- cord and Lexington had been fought. Among the first acts of this Congress was the election of a com- mander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This high and responsible office was conferred upon Washington, who was still a memberof the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but upon the express condition that he receive no salary. He would keep an exact account of expenses and expect Congress to pay them and nothing more. It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of Washington, to whom the fottunes and liberties of the people of this country were so long confided. The war was conducted by him under ever}' possible disadvantage, and while his forces often met with reverses, yet he overcame every obstacle, and after seven years of heroic devotion and matchless skill he gained liberty for the greatest nation of earth. On Dec. 23, 1783, Washington, in a parting address of surpassing beauty, resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the army to to the Continental Congress sitting at Annapolis. He retired immediately to Mount Vernon and resumed his occupation as a fanner and planter, shunning all connection with public life. In February, 1 7 89, Washington was unaniniouslj elected President. In his presidential career he war^ subject to the peculiar trials incidental to a vievv government ; trials from lack of confidence on the part of other governments; trials from want of harmony between the different sections of our own country; trials from the impoverished condition of the country, owmg to the war and want of credit; trials from the beginnings of party strife. He was no partisan. His clear judg.nent could discern the golden mean; and while perhaps this alone kept our government from sinking at the very outset, it left him exposed to attacks from both sides, which were often bitter and very annoying. At the expiration of his first term he was unani- mously re-elected. At the end of this term many were anxious that he be re-elected, but he absolutel) refused a third nomination. On the fourth of March, 1797, at the expiraton of his second term as Presi- dent, he returned to his home, hoping to pass there his few remaining years free from the annoyances of public life. Later in the year, however, his repose seemed likely to be interrupted Ity war with France At the prospect of such a war he was again urged to take coinmand of the armies. He chose his sul - ordinate officers and left to them the charge of mat- ters in the field, which he superintended from his home. In accepting the command he made the reservation that he was not to be in the field until it was necessary. In the midst of these preparations his life was suddenly cut off. December 12, he took a severe cold from a ride in the rain, which, settling in his throat, produced inflammation, and terminated fatally on the night of the fourteenth. On the eit^h- teenth his body was borne with military honors to its final resting place, and interred in the family vault at Mount Vernon. Of the character of Washington it is impossible to speak but in terms of the highest respect and ad- miration. The more we see of the operations of our government, and the more deeply we feel the difficulty of uniting all opinions in a common interes*, the more highly we must estimate the force of his tal- ent and character, which have be'^n able to challenge the reverence of all parties, and principles, and na- tions, and to win a fame as extended as the limits of the globe, and which we cannot but believe will be as lasting as the existence of man. The person of Washington was unusally tan, erect and well proportioned. His muscular strength was great. His features were of a beautiful synjmetrs'. He commanded respect without any ai.]ienranre of haughtiness, and ever serious without iii?inij: dull. '/mid SECOND PRESIDENT. c.,a&aS£tS Tr^l^ OHN ADAMS, the second Lfi^ President and tlie first Vice- ij)j President of the United States, was born in Braintree ( now J'* Quincy ),Mass., and about ten miles from Boston, Oct. 19, ^ 1735. His great-grandfather, Henry Adams, emigrated from England about 1 640, with a family of eight % sons, and settled at Braintree. The parents of John were John and Susannah (Boylston) Adams. His father was a farmer of limited means, to which he added the bus- iness of shoemaking. He gave his eldest son, John, a classical educa- tion at Harvard College. John graduated in 1755, and at once took charge of the school in Worcester, Mass. This he found but a 'sciiool of affliction," from which he endeavored to gain relief by devoting himself, in addition, to the study of law. For this purpose he placed himself under the tuition of the only lawyer in the town. He had thought seriously of the clerical profession but seems to have been turned from this by what he termed " the frightful engines of ecclesiastical coun- jils, of diabolical malice, and Calvanistic good nature,'' of the operations of which he had been a witness in his native town. He was well fitted for the legal profession, possessing a clear, sonorous voice, being ready and flueiit of speech, and having quick percep- tive powers. He gradually gained practice, and in 1764 married Abigail Smith, a daughter of a minister, and a lady of superior intelligence. Shortly after his marriage, (1765), the attempt of Parliamentary taxa- tion turned him from law to politics. He took initial steps toward holdin^ a town meeting, and the resolu- tions lie offered on the subject became very populai throughout the Provmce, and were adopted word for word by over forty different towns. He moved to Bos- ton in 1768, and became one of the most courageous and prominent advocatesof the popular cause, and .vas chosen a member of the General Court (the Leg- lislature) in 1770. Mr. Adams was chosen one of the first delegates from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress, which met in 1774. Here he distinguished himselt l)y his capacity for business and for debate, and ad- vocated the movement for independence against tii? majority of the members. In May, 1776, he moved and carried a resolution in Congress that the Colonies should assume the duties of self-government. He was a prominent member of the committee of live appointed June 11, to prepare a declaration of inde- pendence. This article was drawn by Jefferson, but on Adams devolved the task of battling it through Congress in a three days debate. On the day after the Declaration of Independence was passed, while his soul was yet warm with th? glow of e.Kcited feeling, he wrote a letter to his wife whicli, as we read it now, seems to have been dictated by the spirit of [jrophecy. "Yesterday," he says, "the greatest question was decided that ever was debated in America; and greater, perhaps, never was or wil be decided among men. A resolution was passed without one dissenting colony, ' that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and inde- pendent states.' The day is passed. The fourth of July, 1776, will be a memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to Almighty God. It ought to be solemnized with jwrnp, shows- 24 JOHN ADAMS. games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations from one end of the continent to the other, from this lime forward for ever. Vou will think me transported with enthusiasm, but I am not. I am well aware of tlic toil, and blood and treasure, that it will cost to maintain this declaration, and support and defend these States; yet, through all the gloom, I can see the rays of light and glory. I can see that the end is worth more than all the means; and that posterity will triumph, although you and I may rue, which I hope we shall not." In November, 1777, Mr. Adams was appointed a ddegate to France^ and to co-operate with Bemjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, who were then in Paris, in the endeavor to obtain assistance in arms and money from the French Government. This was a severe trial to his patriotism, as it separated him from his home, compelled him to cross the ocean in winter, and ex- posed him to great peril of capture by the British cruis- ers, who were seeking him. He left France June 17, 1779. In September of the same year he was again chosen to go to Paris, and there hold himself in readi- ness to negotiate a treaty of peace and of commerce with Great Britian, as soon as the British Cabinet might be found willing to listen to such pioposels. He sailed for France in November, from there he went to Holland, where he negotiated important loans and formed important commercial treaties. Finally a treaty of peace with England was signed Jan. 21, 1783. The re-action from the excitement, toil and anxiety through which Mr. Adams had passed threw him into a fever. After suffering from a con- tinued fever and becoming feeble and emaciated he was advised to go to England to drink the waters of Bath. While in England, still drooping anddespond- ing, he received dispatches from his own government urging the necessity of his going to Amsterdam to negotiate another loan. It was winter, his health was delicate, yet he immediately set out, and through storm, on sea, on horseback and foot,hemade the trip. February 24, 1785, Congress appointed Mr. Adams envoy to the Court of St. James. Here he met face to face the King of England, who had so long re- garded him as a traitor. As England did not condescend to appoint a minister to the United States, and as Mr. Adams felt that he was accom- plishing but little, he sought permission to return to nis own country, where he arrived in June, 1788. When Washington was first chosen President, John .\dams, rendered illustiious by his signal services at liome and abroad, was chosen Vice President, .'^gain at the second election of Washington as President, Adams was chosen Vice President. In 1796, Wash- ington retired from public life, and Mr. Adams was elected President, though not without much opposition. Serving in this office four years,he was succeeded by Mr. Jefferson, his opponent in politics. While Mr. Adams was Vice President the great French Revolution shook the continent of Europe, and it was upon this point which he was at issue with the majority of his countrj'men led by Mr. Jefferson. Mr. Adams felt no sympathy with the French people in their struggle, for he had no confidence in theiv power of self-government, and he utterly abhored the classof atheist philosophers who he claimed caused it. On the other hand Jefferson's sympathies were strongly enlisted in behalf of the French people. Hence or iginated the alienation between these distinguished men, and two powerful parties were thus soon organ- ized, Adams at the head of the one whose sympathies were with England and Jefferson led the other in sympathy with France. The world has seldom seen a spectacle of more moral beauty and grandeur, than was presented by the old age of Mr. Adams. The violence of party feeling had died away, and he had begun to receive that just appreciation which, to most men, is not accorded till after death. No one could look upon his venerable form, and think of what he had done and suffered, and how he had given up all the prime and strength of his life to the public good, without the deepest emotion of gratitude and respect. It was his peculiar good fortune to witness the complete success of the institution which he had been so active in creating and supporting. In 1824, his cup of happiness was filled to the brim, by seeing his son elevated to the highest station in the gift of the people. The fourth of July, 1826, which completed the half century since the signing of the Declaration of Inde- pendence, arrived, and there were but three of the signers of that immortal instrument left upon the earth to hail its morning light. And, as it is well known, on that day two of these finished then earthly pilgrimage, a coincidence so remarkable as to seem miraculous. For a few days before Mr. Adams had lieen rapidly failing, and on the morning of the fourth he found himself too weak to rise from his bed. On being requested to name a toast for the customary celebration of the day, he exclaimed " In- dependence FOREVER," When the day was ushered in, by the ringing of bells and the firing of cannons, he was asked by one of his attendants if he knew what day it was? He replied, "O yes; it is the glor- ious fourth of July — God bless it — God bless you all." In the course of the day he said, "It is a great and glorious day." The last words he uttered were. "Jefferson survives." But he had, at one o'clock, re- signed his spirit into the hands of his God. The personal appearance and manners of Mr. Adams were not particularly prepossessing. His face, as his portrait manifests,was intellectual and expres- sive, but his figure was low and ungraceful, and h''. manners were frequently abrupt and uncourteous. He had neither the lofty dignity of Washington, nor the engaging elegance and gracefulness which marked the manners and address of Tefferson. ^^i^ ^^^2^72. THIRD PRESIDENT. 27 ?^ ,/"^' rSa. ^ .ifti ® i^-i l-^':,' i^X%^®^ ^^^..^S ^^iS^iijSB ^'^^^m^mMs^M HOMAS JEFFERSON was born April 2, 1743, at Shad- ^l^well, Alberniarle county, Va. His [larents were Peter and Jane ( Randolph) Jefferson, thetbrmera native of Wales, and the latter born in Lon- don. To them were born six daughters and two sons, of whom Thomas was the elder. When 14 years of age his father died. He received a most liberal education, hav- ing been kept diligently at school from the -time he was five years of age. In 1760 he entered William and Mary College. Williamsburg was then the seat of the Colonial Court, and it was the obode of fashion a.id splendor. Young Jefferson, who was then 17 years old, lived somewhat expensively, keeping fine horses, and much caressed by gay society, yet he was earnestly devoted to his studies, andirreproacha- able in his morals. It is strange, however, under such influences, that he was not ruined. In the sec- ond year of his college course, moved by some un- explained inward impulse, he discarded his horses, society, and even his favorite violin, to which he had previously given much time. He often devoted fifteen hours a day to hard study, allowing himself for e.\- ercise only a run in the evening twilight of a mile out of tlie city and back again. He thus attained very high intellectual culture, alike excellence in philoso- phy and the languages. The most difficult Latin and Greek authors he read with facility. A more finished scholar has seldom gone forth from college halls; and there was not to be found, perhaps, in all Virginia, a more pureminded, upright, gentlemanly young man. Immediately upon leaving college he began the study of law. For the short time he continued in the practice of his profession he rose rapidly and distin- guished himself by his energy and accuteness as a lawyer. But the times called for greater action. The policy of England had awakened the spirit of resistance of the American Colonies, and the enlarged views which Jefferson had ever entertained, soon led him into active political life. In 1769 he was choser a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a very beauti- ful, wealthy and highly accomiilished young widow Upon Mr. Jefferson's large estate at Shad well, there was a majestic swell of land, called Monticello, which commanded a prospect of wonderful extent and beauty. This spot Mr. Jefferson selected for his new home; and here he reared a mansion of modest ye*^ elegant architecture, which, next to Mount Vernon became the most distinguished resort in our land. In 1775 lie was sent to the Cclonial Congress, where, though a .silent member, his abihties as a writer and a reasoner soon become known, and he was placed upon a number of important committees, and was chairman of the one appointed for the draw- ing up of a declaration of independence. This com- mittee consisted of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Roliert R. Livingston. Jefferson, as chairman, was appointed to draw up the paper. Franklin and Adams suggested a iavi verbal changes before it was submitted to Con- gress. On June 28, a few slight changes were made in it by Congress, and it was passed and signed July 4, 1776. What must have been the feelings of that 28 THOMAS JEFFERSON. uian — what the emotions that swelled his breast — who was charged with >lie preparation of that Dec- laration, which, while it made known the wrongs of America, was also to publish her to the world, free, sovcrign and independent. It is one of the most re- markable papers ever written ; and did no other effort uf the mind of its author exist, that alone would be sufficient to stamp his name with immortality. In 1779 Mr. Jefferson was elected successor to Patrick Henry, j^s Governor of Virginia. At one time the British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Moniicello, to capture the Governor. Scarcely five minutes elapsed after the hurried escape of IVIr. Jef- ferson and his family, ere his mansion was in posses- sion of the British troops. His wife's health, never very good, was much injured by this excitement, and in the summer of 1782 she died. Mr. Jefferson was elected to Congress in 1783. Two years later he was appointed Minister Plenipo- tentiary to France. Returning to the United States in September, 1789, he became Secretary of State \\\ Washington's cabinet. This position he resigned Jan. J, 1794. In 1797, he was chosen Vice Presi- dent, and four years later was elected President over Mr. Adams, with Aaron Burr as Vice President. In 1804 he was re-elected with wonderful unanimity, and George Clinton, Vice President. The early part of Mr. Jefferson's second adminstra- 'ion was disturbed by an event which threatened the tranquility and peace of the Union; this was the con- spiracy of Aaron Burr. Defeated in the late election 10 the Vice Presidency, and led on by an unprincipled ambition, this extraordinary man formed the plan of a military expedition intc the Spanish territories on our outhwestern frontier, for the purpose of forming there ■\ new republic. This has been generally supposed was a mere pretext ; and although it has not been generally known what his real plans were, there is no doubt that they were of a far more dangerous character. In 1809, at the expiration of the second term for which Mr. Jefferson had be<2n elected, he determined to retire from political life. For a period of nearly forty years, he had been continually before the pub- .ic, and all that time had been employed in offices of the greatest trust and responsibility. Having thus de- voted the best part of his life to the service of his country, he now felt desirous of that rest which his declining years required, and upon the organization of the new administration, in March, 1809, he bid fare- well forever to public life, and retired to Monticello. Mr. Jefferson was profuse in his hospitality. Whole families came in their coaches with their horses, — fathers and mothers, boys and girls, babies and nurses,— and remained three and even six months. Life at Monticello, for years, resembled that at a fashionable watering-place. The fourth of July, 1826, being the fiftieth anniver- sary of the Declaration of American Independence, great preparations were made in every part of the Union for its celebration, as the nation's jubilee, and the citizens of Washington, to add to the solemnity of the occasion, invited Mr. Jefferson, as the framer,. and one of the few surviving signers of the Declara- tion, to participate in their festivities. But an ill- ness, which had been of several weeks duration, and had been continually increasing, compelled him to decHne the invitation. On the second of July, the disease under which he was laboring left him, but in such a reduced state that his medical attendants, entertained nc hope of his recovery. From this time he was perfectly sensible that his last hour was at hand. On the nex'. day, which was Monday, he asked of those around him, the day of the month, and on being told it was the third of July, he expressed the earnest wish tha': he might be permitted to breathe the airof the fiftieth anniversary. His prayer was heard — that day, whose dawn was hailed with such rapture through our land, burst upon his eyes, and then they were closed for- ever. And what a noble consummation of a noble life ! To die on that day, — the birthday of a nation,- - the day v/hich his own name and his own act had rendered glorious; to die amidst the rejoicings and festivities of a whole nation, who looked up to him, as the author, under God, of their greatest blessings, was all that was wanting to fill up the record his life. Almost at the same hour of his death, the kin- dred spirit of the venerable Adams, as if to bear him company, left the scene of his earthly honors. Hand in hand they had stood forth, the champions of freedom ; hand in hand, during the dark and desper- ate struggle of the Revolution, they had cheered and animated their desponding countrymen; for half a century they had labored together for the good of the country; and now hand in hand they depart. In their lives they had been united in the same great cause of liberty, and in their deaths they were not divided. In person Mr. Jefferson was tall and thin, rather above six feet in height, but well formed; his eyes were light, his hair originally red, in after life became white and silvery; his complexion was fair, his fore- head broad, and his whole courtenance intelligent and thoughtful. He possessed great fortitude of mind as well as personal courage; and }.;s command of tem- per was such that his oldest and most intimate friends never recollected to have seen him in a passion. His manners, though dignified, were simple and un- affected, and his hospitality was so unbounded that all found at his house a ready welcome. In conver- sation he was fluent, eloquent and enthusiastic ; and his language was remarkably pure and correct. He was a finished classical scholar, and in his writings is discernable the care with which he formed his style upon the best models of antiquity. J^ (ZA^-^^- -^-^ dA-M-^^ iP'k FOURTH PRESIDENT. 'S.'>( Sag^EQES npDISOI].' Jstl- ■/> '^ 'v^^ AMES MAniSON, "Father p of the Constitution," and fourth '"'"President of the United States, was born March i6, 1757, and died at his home in Virginia, June 28, 1836. The name of James Madison is inseparably con- nected with most of the important events in that heroic period of our country during which the founda- tions of this great repubhc were laid. He was the last of the founders of the Constitution of the United States to be called to his eternal reward. The Madison family were among the early emigrants to the New World, landing \ipon the shores of the Chesa- peake Ijut 15 years after the settle- ment of Jamestown. The father of James Madison was an opulent planter, residing upon a very fine es- tate called "Montpelier," Orange Co., Va. The mansion was situated in the midst of scenery highly pictur- esque and romantic, on the west side of South-west Mountain, at the foot of Blue Ridge. It was but 25 miles from the home of Jefferson at Monticello. The closest ]iersonal and [lolitical attachment existed between these illustrious men, from their early youth until death. The early education of Mr. Madison wasconductetl mostly at home under a private tutor. At the age of r8 he was sent to Princeton College, in New Jersey. Here he applied himself to study with the most im- jirudent zeal; allowing liimself, for months, but three hours' sleep out of the 24. His heallli thus became so seriously impaired that lie never recovered any vigor of constitution. He graduated in 177 i, with a feeble body, with a character of utmost jjurity, and with a mind highly disciplined and richly stored with learning which embellished and gave proficiency to his subsf ■ quent career. Returning to Virginia, he commenced the study of law and a course of extensive and systematic reading. This educational course, the spirit of the times in which he lived, and the societ)' with which he asso- ciated, all combined to inspire liim with a strong love of liberty, and to train him for liis life-work o! a statesman. Being naturally of a religious turn of mind, and his frail health leading him to think that his life was not to lie long, he directed especial atten- tion to theological studies. Endowed with a mnid singularly free from passion and prejudice, and with almost unetpialled powers of reasoning, he weighed all the arguments for and against revealed religion, until his faith became so established as never to be shaken. In the spring of 1776, when 26 years of age, he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention, to frame the constitution of the State. The next year (1777), he was a candidate for the General Assembly. He refused to treat the whisky-lovir.g voters, and consequently lost his election ; but those who had witnessed the talent, energy and public spirit of the modest young man, enlisted themselves in his behalf, and he was appointed to the E.xecutive Council. Both Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson were Governors of Virginia while Mr. Madison remained member of the Council ; and their appreciation of his 32 JAMES MADISON. 'ntellectual, social and moral worth, contributed not a little to his subsequent eminence. In the year 1780, he was elected a member of the Continental Congress. Here he met the most illustrious men in our land, and he was immediately assigned to one of the most conspicuous positions among them. For three years Mr. Madison continued in Con- gress, one of its most active and influential members. In the year 1784, his term having expired, he was elected a member of the Virginia Legislature. No man felt more deeply than Mr. Madison the utter inefficiency of the old confederacy, with no na- tional government, with no power to form treaties which would be binding, or to enforce law. There was not any State more prominent than Virginia in the declaration, that an efficient national government must be formed. In January, 1786, Mr. Madison carried a resolution through the General Assembly of Virginia, inviting the other States to appoint commis- sioners to meet in convention at Annapolis to discuss this subject. Five States only were represented. The convention, however, issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madison, urging all the States to send their delegates to Philadelphia, in May, 1787, to draft a Constitution for the United States, to take the place of that Confederate League. The delegates met at 'he time appointed. Every State but Rhode Island -vas represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention ; and the present Consti- tution of the United States was then and there formed. There was, perhaps, no mind and no pen more ac- tive in framing this immortal document than the mind and the pen of James Madison. The Constitution, adopted by a vote 81 to 79, was to be presented to the several States for acceptance. But grave solicitude was felt. Should it be rejected we should be left but a conglomeration of independent States, with but little power at home and little respect abroad. Mr. Madison was selected by the conven- tion to draw up an address to the people of the United States, expounding the principles of the Constitution, and urging its adoption. There was great opposition to it at first, but it at length triumphed over all, and went into effect in 1789. Mr. Madison was elected to the House of Repre- sentatives in the first Congress, and soon became the avowed leader of the Republican party. While in New York attending Congress, he met Mrs. Todd, a young widow of remarkable ix)wer of fascination, whom he married. She was in person and character queenly, and probably no lady has thus far occupied so prominent a position in the ve\y peculiar society which has constituted our republican court as Mrs. .Madison. Mr. Madison served as Secretary of State under Jefferson, and at the close of his administration was chosen President. At this time the encroach- ments of England had brought us to the verge of war. British orders in council destioyed our commerce, and our flag was e.\posed to constant insult. Mr. Madison was a man of peace. Scholarly in his taste, retiring in his disposition, war had no charms for him. But the meekest spirit can be roused. It makes one's blood boil, even now, to think of an American ship brought to, upon the ocean, by the guns of an English cruiser. A young lieutenant steps on board and orders the crew to be paraded before him. With great nonchal- ance he selects any number whom he may please to designate as British subjects ; orders them down the ship's side into his boat; and places them on the gun- deck of his man-of-war, to fight, by compulsion, the battles of England. This right of search and im- pressment, no efforts of our Government could induce the British cabinet to relinquish. On the i8th of June, 1812, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Britain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and Mr. Madison, on the 4th of March, 18 13, was re-elected by a large majority, and entered upon his second term of office. This is not the place to describe tlie various adventures of this war on the land and on the water. Our infan: navy then laid the foundations of its renown in grap- pling with the most formidable power which ever swept the seas. The contest commenced in earnest by the appearance of a British fleet, early in February, 18 13, in Chesapeake Bay, declaring nearly the whole coast of the United States under blockade. The Emperor of Russia offered his services as me ditator. America accepted ; England refused. A Brit- ish force of five thousand men landed on the banks of the Patuxet River, near its entrance into Chesa- peake Bay, and marched rapidly, by way of Bladens- burg, upon Washington. The straggling little city of Washington was thrown into consternation. The cannon of the brief conflict at Bladensburg echoed through the streets of the metropolis. The whole population fled from the city. The President, leaving Mrs. Madison in the White House, with her carriage drawn up at the doer to await his speedy return, hurried to meet the officers in a council of war. He met our troops utterly routed, and he could not go back without danger of being captured. But few hours elapsed ere the Presidential Mansion, the Capitol, and all the public buildings in Washington were in flames. The war closed after two years of fighting, and on Feb. 13, 1815, the treaty of peace was signed atGhent. On the 4th of March, 1817, his second term of office expired, and he resigned the Presidential chair to his friend, James Monroe. He retired to his beau- tiful home at Montpelier, and there passed the re- mainder of his days. On June 28, 1836, then at the age of 85 years, he fell asleep in death. Mrs. Madi- son died July 12, 1849. ^^•n ^^^^^^^-L^ 7 /^-^^^/^^ az_^ FIFTH PRESIDENT. 35 g^EQES n]OI]I^OE. ^g=^ AMES MONROE, the fifth ,1'residentof Tlie United States, was born in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 1758. His early life was passed at the place of nativity. His ancestors had for many years resided in the prov- ince in which he was born. When, at 17 years of age, in the process of completing his education at William and Mary College, the Co- lonial Congress assembled at Phila- delphia to deliberate upon the un- just and manifold oppressions of Great Britian, declared the separa- tion of the Colonies, and promul- gated the Declaration of Indepen- dence. Had he been born ten years before it is highly probable that he would have been one of the signers of that celebrated instrument. At this time he left school and enlisted among the patriots. He joined the army when everything looked hope- less and gloomy. The number of deserters increased from day to day. The invading armies came pouring in ; and the tories not only favored the cause of the mother country, but disheartened the new recruits, who were sufficiently terrified at the prospect of con- tending with an enemy whom they had been tauglit to deem invincible. To such brave spirits as James Monroe, who went right onward, undismayed through difficulty and danger, the United States owe their political emancipation. The young cadet joined the ranks, and espoused the cause of his injured country, with a firm determination to live or die with her strife for liberty. Firmly yet sadly he shared in the mel- ancholy retreat from Harleam Heights and White Plains, and accompanied the dispirited army as it fled before its foes through New Jersey. In four months after the Declaration of Independence, the patriots had been beaten in seven battles. At the battle of Trenton he led the vanguard, and, in the act of charg- ing upon the enemy he received a wound in the left shoulder. As a reward for his bravery, Mr. Monroe was i)ro- nioted a captain of infantry; and, having recovered from his wound, he rejoined the army. He, however, receded from the line of promotion, by becoming an officer in the staff of Lord Sterling. During the cam- paigns of 1777 and 177S, in the actions of Brandy wine, Germantown and Monmouth, he continued aid-de-camp; but becoming desirous to regain his position in the army, he exerted himself to collect a regiment for the Virginia line. This scheme failed owing to the exhausted condition of the State. Upon this failure he entered the office of Mr. Jefferson, at that period Clovernor, and pursued, with considerable ardor, the study of common law. He did not, however, entirely lay aside the knapsack for the green bag; but on the invasions of the enemy, served as a volun teer, during the two years of his legal pursuits. In 17S2, he was elected from King George county, a member of the Leglislature of Virginia, and by that body he was elevated to a seat in the Executive Council. He was thus honored with the confidence of his fellow citizens at 23 years of age ; and having at this eariy period displayed some of that ability and aptitude for legislation, which were afterwards employed with unremitting energy for the public good, 36 JAMES MONROE. lie was in the succeeding year chosen a member of ihe Congress of the United States. Deeply as Mr. Monroe felt the imperfections of the old confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, -.hinkiug, with many others of the Republican party, shat it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. Still he re- tained the esteem of his friends who were its warm supporters, and who, notwithstanding his opposition secured its adoption. In 17S9, he became a member of the United States Senate ; which office he held for four years. Every month the line of distinction be- tween the two great parties which divided the nation, the Federal and the Republican, was growing more distinct. The two prominent ideas which now sep- arated them were, that the Republican party was in sympathy with France, and also in favor of such a strict construction of tlie Constitution as to give the Central Government as little power, and the State Governments as much power, as the Constitution vvould warrant. The Federalists sympathized with England, and were in favor of a liberal construction of the Con- stitution, which would give as much power to the Central Government as that document could possibly authorize. The leading Federalists and Republicans were alike noble men, consecrating all their energies to the good of the nation. Two more honest men or more pure patriots than John Adams the Federalist, and James Monroe the Republican, never breathed. In building up this majestic nation, which is destined to eclipse all Grecian and Assyrian greatness, the com- bination of their antagonism was needed to create the light equilibrium. And yet each in his day was de- nounced as almost a demon. Washington was then President. England had es- poused the cause of the Bourbons against the princi- ples of the French Revolution. All Europe was drawn into the conflict. We were feeble and far away. Washington issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our liberties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from a tyranny a thousand-fold worse than that which we had endured. Col. Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that, at whatever hazard, we should help our old allies in their extremity. It was the impulse of a generous and noble nature. He violently opposed the Pres- ident's proclamation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness, by appointing that very James Monroe, who was de- nouncing the policy of the Government, as the minister of that Government to the Republic of France. Mr. .Monroe was welcomed by the National Convention in France witli the most enthusiastic demonsttr^tions. Shortly after his return to this country, Mr. Mon- roe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held the office for three years. He was again sent to France tu co-operate with Chancellor Livingston in obtaining the vast territory then known as the Province of Louisiana, which France had but shortly before ob- tained from Spain. Their united efforts were sue cessful. For the comparatively small sum of fif"teen millions of dollars, the entire territory of Orleans and district of Louisiana were added to tlie United States. This was probably the largest transfer of real estate which was ever made in all the history of the world. From France Mr. Monroe went to England to ob- tain from that country some recognition of oui rights as neutrals, and to remonstrate against those odious impressments of our seamen. But Eng- land was unrelenting. He again returned to Eng- land on the same mission, but could receive no redress. He returned to his home and was again chosen Governor of Virginia. This he soon resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State under Madison. While in this office war with England was declared, the Secretary of War resigned, and during these trj'ing times, the duties of the War Departmen, were also put upon him. He was truly the armor- bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. Upon the return of peace he resigned the I)ei)artment of War, but con- tinued in the office of Secretary of State until the ex- piration of Mr. Madison's adminstration. At the elec- tion held the previous autumn Mr. Monroe himself had been chosen President with but little opposition, and upon March 4, 1817, was inaugurated. Four years later he was elected for a second term. Among the important measures of his Presidency were the cession of Florida to the United States; the Missouri Compromise, and the " Monroe doctrine,' This famous doctrine, since known as the " Monroe doctrine," was enunciated by him in 1823. At tha' time the United States had recognized the independ- ence of the South American states, and did not wish to have European powers longer attempting to sub due portions of the American Continent. The doctrine is -as follows : " That we should consider any attempt on the part of European powers to extend their sys- tem to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety," and "that we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing or controlling American governments or provinces in any other light than as a manifestation by Eurojiear. ]50wers of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States." This doctrine immediately affected the course of foreign governments, and has become the apjirovec sentiment of the United States. At the end of his fecond term Mr. Monroe retireri to his home in Virginia, where he lived until 1830 when he went to New York to live with his son-in law. In that city he died, on the 4th of July, 1S31 J. 3, Ai <'iy>y\j S/XTH PRES/DRNT. 30 r^ ♦ ■/i\- JOF^l] Qail]6Y ^D^ITQS. m£^' OHN QUINCY ADAMS, the sixth President of tlie United S States, was born in the rural liome of his honored fatiier, John Adams, in Quincy, Mass., on the 1 1 th of July, 1767. His mother, a woman of exalted worth, watched over his childhood during the almost constant ab- sence of liis father. When but eight years of age, he stood with ' his mother on an eminence, listen- ing to the booming of the great bat- tle on Bunker's Hill, and gazing on upon the smoke and flames billow- ing up from the conflagration of Charlestown. When but eleven years old he took a tearful adieu of his mother, to sail with his father for Europe, through a lleet ot hostile British cruisers. The bright, animated boy spent a year and a half in Paris, where his father was associated with Franklin and Lee as minister plenipotentiary. His intelligence attracted the notice of these distinguished men, and he received from them flattering marks of attention. Mr. John Adams had scarcely returned to this cou.'.try, in 1779, ere he was again sent abroad. Again John Quincy accompanied his father. At Paris he applied himself with great diligence, for six months, to :>tudy; then accom pained his father to Holland, where he entered, first a school in Amsterdam, then the University at Leyden. About a year from this time, in 1781, when the manly boy was but fourteen yea's of age, he was selected by Mr. Dana, our min- ister to the Russian court, as his private secretary. Tn this school of incessant labor and of enobling culture he spent fourteen months, and then returned to Holland tlirough Sweden, Denmark, Hamljurg and Bremen. This long journey he took alone, in tlie winter, wlien in his sixteenth year, .\gain he resumed ais studies, under a prJ"qte tutor, at Hague. Thence, in the spring of 1782, he accompanied his father;; Paris, traveling leisurely, and forming acquaintanct with the most distinguished men on the Continent examining architectural remains, galleries of paintings and all renowned works of art. At Paris he again became associated with the most illustrious men oi all lands in the contemplations of the loftiest temporal themes which can engross the human mind. Afte' a short visit to England he returned to Paris, and consecrated all his energies to study until May, 1785, when he returned to America. To a brilliant young man of eighteen, who had seen much of the world; and who was familiar with the eti(iuette of courts, a residence with his father in London, under such cir- cumstances, must have been extremely attractive but with judgment very rare in one of his age, he pre- ferred to return to America to complete his education in an American college. He wished then to study law, that with an honorable profession, he might be able to obtain an inde[iendent support. Upon leaving Harvard College, at the age of twenty he studied law for three years. In June, 1794, be- ing then but tv/enty-seven years of age, he was ap- pointed by Washington, resident minister at the Netherlands. Sailing from Boston in July, he reached London in October, where he was immediately admit- ted to the deliberations of Messrs. Jay and Pinckney. assisting them in negotiating a commercial treaty with Great Brilian. After thus spending a fortnight i. London, he jiroceeded to the Hague. In July, 1797, he left the Hague to go to Portugal as minister iilenipotentiary. On his way to Portugal, upon arriving in London, he met with despatches directing him to the court of Beiiin, but requesting: him to remain in London until he should receive his instructions, ^\'hile waiting he was married to ar American lady to whom he liad been ])reviously en- gaged, — Miss Louisa Catherine Johnson, daughte of Mr. Joshua Johnson, American consul in london a lady endownd with that beauty and those accom. plishment which eminently fitted her to move in ti.c elevated sphere for which she w»s ("j^s'iced. 40 JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. He reached Berlin with his wife in November, 1797 ; where he remained until July, 1799, when, having ful- filled all the purposes of his mission, he solicited his recall. Soon after his return, in 1802, he was chosen to the Senate of Massachusetts, from Boston, and then was elected Senator of the United States for six years, from the 4th of March, 1804. His reputation, his ability and his experience, placed him immediately among the most prominent and influential members of that body. Especially did he sustain the Govern- ment in its measures of resistance to the encroach- ments of England, destroying our commerce and in- sulting our flag. There was no man in America more familiar with the arrogance of the British court upon these points, and no one more resolved to present a firm resistance. In 1809, Madison succeeded Jefferson in the Pres- idential chair, and he iminediately nominated John Quincy Adams minister to St. Petersburg. Resign- ing his professorship in Harvard College, he embarked at Boston, in August, 1809. While in Russia, Mr. Adams was an intense stu- dent. He devoted his attention to the language and history of Russia; to the Chinese trade; to the European system of weights, measures, and coins ; to the climate and astronomical observations ; while he Kept up a familiar acquaintance with the Greek and Latin classics. In all the universities of Europe, a more accomplished scholar could scarcely be found. All through life the Bible constituted an important part of his studies. It was his rule to read five chapters every day. On the 4th of March, 1817, Mr. Monroe took the Presidential chair, and immediately appointed Mr. Adams Secretary of State. Taking leave of his num- erous friends in public and private life in Europe, he sailed in June, i8ig, for the United States. On the 1 8th of August, he again crossed the threshold of his home in Quincy. During the eight years of Mr. Mon- roe's administration, Mr. Adams continued Secretary of State. Some time before the close of Mr. Monroe's second term of office, new candidates began to be presented for the Presidency. The friends of Mr. Adams brought forward his name. It was an exciting campaign. Party spirit was never more bitter. Two hundred and si.\ty electoral votes were cast. Andrew Jackson re- ceived ninety-nine; John Quincy Adams, eighty-four; William H. Crawford, forty-one; Henry Clay, thirty- seven. As there was no choice by the people, the question went to the House of Representatives. Mr. Clay gave the vote of Kentucky to Mr. Adams, and he was elected. The friends of all the disappointed candidates now ;ombined in a venomous and persistent assault upon Mr. .'\dams. There is nothing more disgraceful in *be, nast history of our country than the abuse which was poured in one uninterrupted stream, upon this high-minded, upright, patriotic man. There never was an administration more pure in principles, more con- scientiously devoted to the best interests of the coun- try, than that of John Quincy Adams; and never, per- haps, was there an administration more unscrupu- lously and outrageously assailed. Mr. Adams was, to a very remarkable degree, ab- stemious and temperate in his habits; always rising early, and taking much exercise. When at his home in Quincy, he has been known to walk, before breakfast, seven miles to Boston. In Washington, it was said that he was the first man up in the city, lighting his own fire and applying himself to work in his library often long before dawn. On the 4th of March, 1829, Mr. Adams retired from the Presidency, and was succeeded by Andrew- Jackson. John C. Calhoun was elected Vice Presi- dent. The slavery question now began to assume lx)rtentous magnitude. Mr. Adams returned to Quincy and to his studies, which he pursued with un- abated zeal. But he was not long permitted to re- main in retirement. In November, 1830, he was elected representative to Congress. For seventeen years, until his death, he occupied the post as repre- sentative, towering above all his peers, ever ready to do brave battle' for freedom, and winning the title of "the old man eloquent." Upon taking his seat in the House, he announced that he should hold him- self bound to no party. Probably there never was a member more devoted to his duties. He was usually the first in his [>lace in the morning, and the last to leave his seat in the evening. Not a measure could be brought forward and escape his scrutiny. The battle which Mr. Adams fought, almost singly, against the proslavery party in the Government, was sublime in Its moral daring and heroism. For persisting in presenting petitions for the abolition of slavery, he was threatened with indictment by the grand jury, with expulsion from the House, with assassination . but no threats could intimidate him, and his final triumph was complete. It has been said of President Adams, that when his body was bent and his hair silvered by the lapse of fourscore years, yielding to the simple faith of a little child, he was accustomed to repeat every night, before he slept, the prajer which his mother taught him in his infant years. On the 2 1 St of February, 1848, he rose on the floor of Congress, with a paper in his hand, to address the speaker. Suddenly he fell, again stricken by paraly- sis, and was caught in the arms of those around him. For a time he was senseless, as he was conveyed to the sofa in the rotunda. With reviving conscious- ness, he opened his eyes, looked calmly around and said " This is llw end of earth /"then after a moment's pause he added, '^ I aw content." These were the last words of the grand " Old Man Eloquent." c^-o^/ n ^/ ^c^^ '-^^ SEVENTH PRESinENT. ^3 ^«rpiKj|;sir ^^4. with the Sharp Knife. In 1791, Mr. Jackson was married to a woman who supposed herself divorced from her former husband. Great was the surprise of both parties, two years later, to find that the conditions of the divorce had just been definitely settled by the first husband. The marriage ceremony was performed a second time, but the occur- rence was often used by his enemies to bring Mr. Jackson into disfavor. During these years he worked hard at his profes sion, and frequently had one or more duels on hand, one of which, when he killed Dickenson, was espec- ially disgraceful. In January, 1796, tiie Territory of Tennessee then containing nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, the people met in convention at Knoxville to frame a con- stitution. Five were sent from each of the eleven counties. Andrew Jackson was one of the delegates. The new State was entitled to but one member i'J the National House of Representatives. Andrew Jack- son was chosen that member. Mounting his horse he rode to Philedelphia, where Congress then held its 44 ANDREW JACKSON. sessions, — a distance of about eight hundred miles. Jackson was an earnest advocate of the Demo- cratic party. Jefferson was his idol. He admired Bonaparte, loved France and hated England. As Mr. Jackson took his seat, Gen. Washington, whose second term of office was then expiring, delivered his last speech to Congress. A committee drew up a complimentary address in reply. Andrew Jackson did not approve of the address, and was one of the twelve who voted against it. He was not willing to say that Gen. Washington's adminstration liad been " wise, firm and patriotic." Mr. Jackson was elected to the United States senate in 1797, but soon resigned and returned home. Soon after he was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of his State, which position he held for si.x years. When the war of 1812 with threat Britian com- menced, Madison occupied the Presidential chair. Aaron Burr sent word to the President that there was an unknown man in the West, Andrew Jackson, who would do credit to a commission if one were con- ferred upon him. Just at that time Gen. Jackson jffeied his services and those of twenty-five hundred volunteers. His offer was accepted, and the troops were assembled at Nashville. As the British were hourly expected to make an at- tack upon New Orleans, where Gen. Wilkinson was in command, he was ordered to descend the river with fifteen hundred troops to aid Wilkinson. The expedition reached Natchez; and after a delay of sev- eral weeks tliere, without accomplishing anything, :he men were ordered liack to their homes. But the energy Gen. Jackson had displayed, and his entire devotion to the comrfort of his soldiers, won him golden opinions; and he became the most popular man in the State. It was in this expedition that his toughness gave him the nickname of " Old Hickory." Soon after this, while attempting to horsewhip Col. Thomas H. Benton, for a remark that gentleman made about his taking a part as second in a duel, in which a younger brotiier of Benton's was engaged, he received two severe pistol wounds. While he was lingering upon a bed of suffering news came that the Indians, who had combined under Tecumseh from Florida to the Lakes, to exterminate the white set- tlers, were committing the most awful ravages. De- cisive action became necessary. Gen. Jackson, with his fractured bone just beginning to heal, his arm in a sling, and unable to mount his horse without assis- tance, gave his amazing energies to the raising of an army to rendezvous at FayettesviUe, Alabama. The Creek Indians had established a strong fort on one of the bends of the Tallapoosa River, near the cen- ter of Alabama, about fifty miles below Fort Strother. With an army of two thousand men, Gen. Jackson traversed the pathless wilderness in a march of eleven days. He reached their fort, called Tohopeka or Horse-shoe, on tbe 27th of March. 1814. The bend of the river enclosed nearly one hunared acres of tangled forest and wild ravine. Across the narrow neck the Indians had constructed a formidable breast- work of logs and brush. Here nine hundred warriors, with an ample suply of arms were assembled. The fort was stormed. The fight was utterly des- perate. Not an Indian would accept of quarter. When bleeding and dying, they would fight those who en- deavored to spare their lives. From ten in the morn- ing until dark, the battle raged. The carnage was awful and revolting. .Some threw themselves into the river; but the unerring bullet struck their heads as they swam. Nearly everyone of the nine hundred war- rios were killed A few probably, in the night, swam the river and escaped. This ended the war. The power of the Creeks was broken forever. This bold plunge into the wilderness, with its terriffic slaughter, so appalled the savages, that the haggard remnants of the bands caiue to the camp, begging for peace. This closing of the Creek war enabled us to con- centrate all our militia upon the British, who were the allies of the Indians No man of less resolute will than Gen. Jackson could have conducted this Indian campaign to so successful an issue Immediately he was appointed major-general. Late in August, with an army of two thousand men, on a rushing march, Gen. Jackson came to Mobile. A British fleet came from Pensacola, landed a force upon the beach, anchored near the little fort, and from both ship and shore commenced a furious assault. The battle was long and doubtful. At length one of the ships was blown up and the rest retired. Garrisoning Mobile, where he had taken his little anny, he moved his troops to New Orleans, And the battle of New Orleans which soon ensued, was in reality a very arduous campaign. This won for Gen. Jackson an imperishable name. Here his troops, which numbered about four thousand men, won a signal victory over the British army of about nine thousand. His loss was but thirteen, while the loss of the British was two thousand six liundred. The name of Gen. Jackson soon began to be men- tioned in connection with the Presidency, but, in 1824, he was defeated by Mr. Adams. He was, however, successful in the election of 1828, and was re-elected for a second term in 1832. In 1829, just before he assumed the reins of the government, he met with the most terrible affliction of his life in the death of his wife, whom he had loved with a devotion which has perhaps never been surpassed. From the shock of her death he never recovered. His administration was one of the most memorable in the annals of our country; applaude^i oy one party, condemned by the other. No man had more bitter enemies or warmer friends. At the expiration of his two terms of office he retired to the Hermitage, where he died June 8, 1845. The last years of Mr. Jack- son's life were that of a devoted Christian man, O 7 T^z^a^ ^^-^^/^-^.^^-e^ EIGHTH PRESIDENT. mm ®f^fith^»s}0'h^<<\sm?ij^m-'s^^ npitTll] Y^l] BOI^El]. ■^/^®)^5(i^)V(D(G)'^J(^a) ARTIN VAN BUREN, ihe ^hth President of the United States, was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1 7 82. He died at the same place, July 24, 1862. His body rests in the cemetery 5 at Kinderhook. Above it is a plain granite shaft fifteen feet high, bearing a simple inscription about halt way up on one face. The lot is unfenced, unbordered or unbounded by shrub or fluwer. There is but little in the life of Martin Van Bureu of romantic interest. He fought no battles, engaged in no wild adventures. Though his life was stormy in political and intellectual conflicts, and he gained many signal victories, his days passed uneventful in those incidents which give zest to biography. His an- cestors, as his name indicates, were of Dutch origin, and were among the earliest emigrants from Holland to the banks of the Hudson. His father was a farmer, residing in the old town of Kintlerhook. His mother, also of Dutch lineage, was a woman of superior intel- ligence and exemplary \)lety. .■fe was decidedly a precocious boy, developing un- usual activity, vigor and strengtli of mind, .^t the age of fourteen, he had finished his academic studies '.n his native village, and commenced the study of :aw. As he had not a collegiate education, seven years of study in a law-office were required of him before he could be admitted to the bar. Inspired with d lofty ambition, and conscious of his powers, he \m\- sued his studies with indefatigable industry. After spending six ye.irs in an office in hjs native village, he went to the city of New York, and prosecuted hi^ studies for the seventh year. In 1803, Mr. Van Buren, then twenty-one years of age, commenced the practice of law in his native vil- lage. The great conflict between tiie federal and Republican party was then at its height. Mr. Van Buren was from the beginning a politician. He had, perhaps, imbibed that spirit while listeni>ng to the many discussions which had been carrietl on in his father's hotel. He was in cordial sympathy with Jefferson, and earnestly and eloquently espoused the cause of State Rights; though at that time the Fed- eral party held the supremacy both in his town and State. His success and increasing ruputation led him after six years of practice, to remove to Hudson, ih, county seat of his county. Here he spent seven years constantly gaining strength by contending in thi- courts with some of the ablest men who have adorned the bar of his State. Just before leaving Kinderhook for Hudson, Mi. Van Buren married a lady alike distinguished for beauty and accomplishments. After twelve short years she sank into the grave, the victim of consunqj- tion, leaving her husband and four sons to weep ovci her loss. For twenty-five years, Mr. Van Buren was an earnest, successful, assiduous lawyer. The record of those years is barren in items of public interest. In 1 Si 2, when thirty years of age, he was chosen to the State Senate, and gave his strenuous rupport to Mr. Madison's adminstration. In 18 15, he was ap- pointed Attorney-General, and tlie next year moved to Albany, the capital of the State. 'A'hile he was ackno\Vledged as one of the most prominent leaders of the Democratic party, he had 48 MARTIN VAN BUREN. the moral courage to avow that true democracy did not require that '' universal suffrage " which admits the vile, the degraded, the ignorant, to the right of governing the State. In true consistency with liis democratic principles, he contended that, while the path leading to the privilege of voting should be open to every man without distinction, no one should be invested with that sacred prerogative, unless he were in some degree qualified for it by intelligence, virtue and some property interests in the welfare of the State. In 182 1 he was elected :. member of the United States Senate; and in the same year, he took a seat in the convention to revise the constitution of his native State. His course in this convention secured the approval of men of all parties. No one could doubt the singleness of his endeavors to promote the interests of all classes in the community. In the Senate of the United States, he rose at once to a conspicuous position as an active and useful legislator. In 1827, John Quincy Adams being then in the Presidential chair, Mr. Van Buren was re-elected to che Senate. He had been from the beginning a de- .-ermined opposer of the Administration, adopting the 'State Rights" view in opposition to what was deemed the Federal proclivities of Mr. Adams. Soon after this, in 1S28, he was chosen Governorof the State of New York, and accordingly resigned his seat in the Senate. Probably no one in the United States contributed so much towards ejecting John O. Adams from the Presidential chair, and placing in it Andrew Jackson, as did Martin Van Buren. Whetlier entitled to the reputation or not, he certainly was re- garded througiiout the United States as one of the most skillful, sagacious and cunning of politicians. It was supposed that no one knew so well as he how to touch the secret spiings of action; how to pull all the wires to put his machinery in motion ; and how to organize a political army which would, secredy and stealthily accomplish the most gigantic results. By these powers it is said that he outv/itted Mr. Adams, Mr. Clay, Mr. Webster, and secured reslilts which few thought then could be accomplished. When Andrew Jackson was elected President he apjxjinted Mr. Van Buren Secretary of State. This position lie resigned in 1831, and was immediately appointed Minister to England, where he went the same autumn. The Senate, however, when it met, refused to ratify the nomination, and he returned home, apparently untroubled ; was nominated Vice President in the place of Calhoun, at the re-election of President Jatlcson ; and with smiles for all and frowns for none, he took his place at the head of that Senate which had refused to confimi his nomination as ambassador. His rejection by the Senate roused all the zeal of President Jackson in behalf of his repudiated favor- ite ; and this, probably more than any other cause, secured his elevation to the chair of the Chief Execu tive. On the 20th of May, 1836, Mr. Van Buren re- ceived the Democratic nomination to succeed Gen. Jackson as President of the United States. He was elected by a handsome majority, to the delight of the retiring President. " Leaving New York out of the canvass," says Mr. Parton, "the election of Mr. Van Buren to the Presidency was as much the act of Gen. Jackson as though the Constitution had conferred upon him the power to appoint a successor." His administration was filled with exciting events- The insurrection in Canada, which threatened to in- volve this country in war with England, the agitation of the slavery question, and finally the great commer- cial panic whicli spread over the country, all were trials to his wisdom. The financial distress was at- tributed to the management of the Democratic party, and brought the President into such disfavor that he failed of re-election. With the exception of being nominated for the Presidency by the "Free Soil" Democrats, in 1848, Mr. Van Buren lived quietly upon his estate until his death. He had ever been a prudent man, of frugal habits, and living within his income, had now fortunately a competence for his declining years. His unblemished character, his commanding abilities, his unquestioned patriotism, and the distinguished positions which he had occupied in the government of our country, se- cured to him not only the homage of his party, but the respect ot the whole community. It was on the 4th of March, 1841, that Mr. Van Buren retired from the presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald. he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. From this time until his death, on the 24th of July, 1862, at the age of eighty years, he resided at Lindenwald, a gentleman of leisure, of culture and of wealth; enjoying in a healthy old age, probably far more happiness than he had before experienced amid the stormy scenes of his active life- y(^\ M )9^^ZA,^ ■>u^ NINTH P RESIDENT. ILLIAM HENRY HARRI- , SON, the ninth President ot the United States, was born at Berkeley, Va., Feb. 9, 1773. His father, Benjamin Harri- son, was in comparatively op- ulent circumstances, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day. He was an intimate friend of George Washington, w as early elected a member of the Continental Congress, and was conspicuous among the patriots of Virginia in resisting the encroachments of the r.ritish crown. In the celebrated Congress of 1775, Benjamin Har- rison and John Hancock were both candidates for the office of S|ieaker. Mr Harrison was subsequently chosen Governor of Virginia, and was twice re-elected. His son, William Henry, of course enjoyed in childhood all the advantages which wealth and intellectual and cultivated society could give. Hav- ing received a thorough common-school education, he entered Hampden Sidney College, where he graduated with honor soor. after the death of his father. He t-heii repaired to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instructions of Dr. Rush and the guardianship of 'obert Morris, both of whom were, with his firther, •signers of the Declaration of Independence. Jjiou the outbreak of the Indian troubles, and not- withstanding the remonstrances of his friends, he abandoned his medical studies and entered the army, -laving obtained a commission of Ensign from Presi- ; dent \\ashington. He was then but 19 years old, From that time he passed gradually upward in rank until he became aid to General Wayne, after whose death he resigned his commission. He was then aii- pointed Secretary of the North-western 'I'erritory. This 'I'erritory was then entitled to but one member in Congress and Capt. Harrison was chosen to fill that position. In the spring of 1800 the North-western Territory was divided by Congress into two portions. The eastern portion, comprising the region now embraced in the .State of Ohio, was called " The Territory nurth-west of the Ohio." The western portion, which included what is now called Indiana, Illinois and AVisconsin, was called the "Indiana Territory." Wil liam Henry Harrison, then 27 years of age, was a]) pointed by John Adams, Governor of the Indiana Territory, and immediately after, also Governor of Upper Louisiana. He was thus ruler over almost as extensive a realm as any sovereign iiixjn the globe. He was Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and was in- vested with powers nearly dictatorial over the now rapidly increasing white jwpulation. The ability and fidelity with which he discharged these responsible duties may be inferred from the fact that he was four times appointed to this office — first by John Adams, twice by Thomas Jefferson and afterwards by Presi- dent Madison. When he began his adminstration there were but three white settlementsin that almost lioundless region, now crowded with cities and resounding with all the tumult of wealth and traffic. One of these settlements was on the Ohio, nearly ojiposite Louisville; one at Vincennes, on the Wal)ash, and the tliiid a French settlement. The vast wilderness over which Gov. Harrisoii reigned was filled with many tribes of Indians. Aboi" WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. the year 1806, two extraordinary men, twin brothers, of the Shawnese tribe, rose among them. One of these was called Tecumseh, or "The Crouching Panther;" the other, Olliwacheca, or "The Prophet." Tecumseh was not only an Indian warrior, but a man of great sagacity, far-reaching foresight and indomit- able perseverance in any enterprise m which he might engage. He was inspired with the highest enthusiasm, and had long regarded with dread and with hatred the encroachment of the whites upon the hunting- grounds of his fathers. His brother, the Prophet, was "anorator, who could sway the feelings of the untutored Indian as the gale tossed the tree-tops beneath which they dwelt. But the Prophet was not merely an orator :^ he was, in the superstitious minds of the Indians, invested with the superhuman dignity of a medicine-man or a magician. With an enthusiasm unsurpassed by Peter the Hermit rousing Europe to the crusades, he went from tribe to tribe, assuming that he was specially sent by the Great Spirit. Gov. Harrison made many attempts to conciliate the Indians, but at last the war came, and at Tiitpe- canoe the Indians were routed with great slaughter. October 28, 1812, his army began its march. When near the Prophet's town three Indians of rank made their appearance and inquired why Gov. Harrison was approaching them in so hostile an attitude. After a short conference, arrangements were made fora meet- ing the next day, to agree upon terms of peace. But Gov. Harrison was too well acquainted with the Indian character to be deceived by such protes- tations. Selecting a favorable spot for his night's en- campment, he took every precaution against surprise. His troops were posted in a hollow square, and slept upon their arms. The troops threw themselves upon the ground for rest; but every man had his accourtrements on, his loaded musket by his side,and his bayonet fixed. The wakeful Governor, between three and four o'clock in the morning, had risen, and was sitting in conversa- tion with his aids by the embers of a waning fire. It was a chill, cloudy morning with a drizzling rain. In t!ie darkness, the Indians had crept as near as possi- ble, and j'ist then, with a savage yell, rushed, with all the desperation which superstition and i)assion most highly inflamed could give, upon the left Hank of the little army. The savages had been amply provided with guns and ammunition by the English. Their war-whoop was accompained by a shower of bullets. The camp-fires were instantly extinguished, as the light aided the Indians in their aim. With hide- nus yells, the Indian bands rushed on, not doubting a speedy and an entire victory. But Gen. Harrison's troops stood as immovable as the rocks around them until day dawned ■• they then made a simultaneous charge with the bayonet, and swept every thing be- fore thein, and completely routing th*" foe. Gov. Harrison now had all his energies tasked to the utmost. The British descending from the Can- adas, were of themselves a very formidable force ; but with their savage allies, rushing like wolves I'rom the forest, searching out every remote farm-house, burn- ing, plundering, scalping, torturing, the wide frontier was plunged into a state of consternation which even the most vivid imagination can but faintly conceive. The war-whoop was resounding everywhere in the forest. The horizon was illuminated with the conflagra- tion of the cabins of the setders. Gen Hull had madt- the ignominious surrender of his forces at Detroit. Under these despairing circumstances, Gov. Harrison was appointed by President Madison commander-in- chief of the North-western army, with orders to retake Detroit, and to protect the frontiers. It would be difficult to place a man in a situation demanding more energy, sagacity and courage; but General Harrison was found equal to the position, and nobly and triumphantly did he meet all the re sponsibilities. He won the love of his soldiers by always sharins' with them their fatigue. His whole baggage, while pursuing the foe up the Thames, was carried in a valise; and his bedding consisted of a single blanket lashed over his saddle. Thirty-five British officers, his prisoners of war, supped with him after the battle The only fare he could give them was beef roasted before the fire, without bread or salt. In 1816, Gen. Harrison was chosen a iT.ember ol the National House of Representatives, to represei-t the District of Ohio. In Congress he proved an active member; and whenever he spoke, it was with force of reason and power of eloquence, which arrested the attention of all the members. In 1819, Harrison was elected to the Senate ol Ohio; and in 1S24, as one of the presidential electors of that State, he gave his vote for Henry Clay. The same year he was chosen to the United States Senate. In 1836, the friends of Gen. Harrison brought him forward as a candidate for the Presidency against Van Buren, but he was defeated. At the close of Mr. Van Buren's term, he was re-nomii:ated by his party, and Mr. Harrison was unanimou.sly nominated by the Whigs, with John Tyler iorthe Vice Presidenc\ The contest was very animated. Gen Jackson gave all his influence to prevent Harrison's election ; bu* his triumph was signal. The cabinet which he formed, with Daniel Webstei at its head as Secretary of State, was one of the most brilliant with which any President had ever been surrounded. Never were the prospects of an admin- istration more flattering, or the hopes of the countr\ more sanguine. In the midst of these bright and joyous prospects, Gen. Harrison was seized b^ a pleurisy-fever and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died on the 4th of April ; just one month after his inauguration as President of the UtMied States, ?/rz. TENTH PRESIDENT. 55 rv^ ? OHN TYLER, the tenth Piesidentof the United States. He was born in Charles-city Co., Va., March 29, 1790. He was the favored child of af- fluence and high social po- sition. .\t the early age of twelve, John entered William and Mary College and grad- uated with much honor when but seventeen years old. After graduating, he devoted liini- self with great assiduity to the study of law, partly with his father and p.irtly with Edmund Randolph, one of the most distin- guished lawyers of Virginia. At nineteen years of age, ne commenced the practice of law. His success was rapid and aston- ishing. It is said that three months had not elapsed ere there was scarcely a case on the dock- et of the court in which he was !tOt retained. When but twenty-one years of age, he was almost unanimously e'ected to a seat in the State Legislature. He connected himself with the Demo- cratic party, and warmly advocated the measures of Tefferson and Madison. For five successive years he was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote or his county. When but twenty-six years of age, he was elected a member of Congress. Here he acted earnestly and ably with the Democratic party, opposing a national bank, internal improvements by the General <^uvern- nient, a ])rotective tariff, and advocating a strict con- strucliou of the Constitution, and the most careful vigilance over State rights. His laliors in Congress were so arduous that before the close of his second term \\: found it necessary to resign and retire to his estate in Charles-city Co., to recruit his health. He, however, soon after consented t(i take his seat in the State Legislature, where his influence was powerful in promoting public works of great utility. With a reputation thus canstantly increasing, he was cliosen by a very large majority of votes. Governor of his native State. His administration was signally a suc- cessful one. His popularity secured his re-election. John Randolph, a brilliant, erratic, half-crazed man, then represented Virginia in the Senate of the United States. A portion of the Democratic party was displeased with Mr. Randolph's wayward course, and Ijrought forward John Tyler as his opponent, considering him the only man in Virginia of sufficient popularity to succeed against the renowned orator of Roanoke. Mr. T_\ler was the victor. In accordance with his professions, upon taking his seat in the Senate, he joined the ranks of the opposi- tion. He opposed the tariff; he spoke against and voted against the bank as unconstitutional ; he stren- uously opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resist- ing all projects of internal improvements by the Gen- eral Government, and avowed his sympathy with Mr. Calhoun's view of nullification; he declared that Gen. Jackson, by his opposition to the nuliifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr, Tyler's record in Congress, — a record in perfect accordance with the principles which be had always avowed. Returning to Virginia, he resumed the practice of iiis profession. There was a rpilit in the Democratic JOHN TYLER. /.uty. His friends still regarded him as a true Jef- iersonian, gave him a dinner, and showered compli- ments upon hiai. He had now attained the age of forty-six. His career had been very brilliant. In con- seijuence of his devotion to public business, his pri- vate affairs had fallen into some disorder; and it was not without satisfaction that he resumed the practice of law, and devoted himself to the culture of his plan- tation. Soon after this he removed to Williamsburg, for the better education of his children ; and he again took his seat in the Legi>lature of Viiginia. By the Southern Whigs, he was sent to the national convention at Harrisburg to nominate a President in •839. The majority of votes were given to Gen. Har- rison, a genuine Whig, much to the disappointment of the South, who wished for Henry Clay. To concili- ate the Southern Whigs and to secure their vote, the convention then nominated John Tyler for Vice Pres- ident. It was well known that he was not in sympa- thy with the Whig party in the NoUh: but the Vice President has but very little power in the Govern- ment, his main and almost only duty being to pre- side over the meetings of the Senate. Thus it hap- pened that a Whig President, and, in reality, a Democratic Vice President were chosen. ■ In 1841, Mr. Tyler was inaugurated Vice Presi- dent of the United States. In one short month from that time, President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler thus _;und himself, to his own surprise and that of the whole Nation, an occupant of the Presidential chair. This was a new test of the stability of our institutions, as it was the first time in the history of our country that such an event had occured. Mr. Tyler was at home in Williamsburg when he received the une.xpected tidings of the death of President Harri- son. He hastened to Washington, and on the 6th of ^.".xW was inaugurated to the high and responsible office. He was placed in a position of exceeding delicacy and difficulty. All his longlife he had been o])posed tc the main principles of the jiarty which had brought him into power. He had ever been a con- sistent, honc;t man, with an unblemished record. Gen. Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with coun- sellors whose views were antagonistic to his own.' or, on the other hand, should he turn against the party which had elected him and select a cabinet in har- mony with himself, and which would oppose all those views which the Whigs deemed essential to the pub- lic welfare? This was his fearful dilemma. He in- vited the cabinet which President Harrison had :-elected to retain their seats. He reccommended a day of fasting and prayer, that God would guide and bless us. The Whigs carried through Congress a bill for the incorporation of a fiscal bank of the United States. The President, after ten days' delay, returned it with his veto. He ouessested, however, that he would approve of a bill drawn up upon such a plan as he proposed. Such a bill was accordingly prepared, and privately submitted to him. He gave it his approval. It was passed without alteration, and he sent it back with his veto. Here commenced the open rupture. It is said that Mr. Tyler was provoked to this meas- ure by a published letter from the Hon. John M. Botts, a distinguished Virginia Whig, who severely touched the pride of the President. The opposition now exultingly received the Presi- dent into their arms. The party which elected him denounced him bitterly. All the members of his cabinet, excepting Mr. Webster, resigned. The Whigs of Congress, both the Senate and the House, held a meeting and issued an address to the people of the United States, proclaiming that all political alliance between the Whigs and President Tyler were at an end. Still the President attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabmet of distinguished Whigs and Conservatives, carefully leaving out all strong party men. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. Thus the four years of Mr. Tyler's unfortunate administra- tion passed sadly away. No one was satisfied. The land was filled with murmurs and vituperation. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. More and more, however^ he brought himself into sympathy with his old friends, the Democrats, until atthe close of his term, he gave his whole influence to the support of Mr. Polk, the Democratic candidate for his successor. On the 4th of March, 1845, he retired from th-,; harassments of office, tothe regret of neitherparty, ai-.d probably to his own unspeakable relief. His first wife. Miss Letitia Christian, died in Washington, in 1842; and in June, 1844, President Tyler was again married, at New York, to Miss Julia Gardiner, a young lady ol many personal and intellectual accomplishments. The remainder of his days Mr. Tyler passed mainly in retirement at his beautiful home, — Sherwood For- est, Charles -city Co., Va. A polished gentleman in his manners, richly furnished with information from books and experience in the world, and possessing brilliant powers of conversation, his family circle was the scene of unusual attractions. Witli sufficient moans for tlie exercise of a generous hospitality, he might have enjoyed a serene old age with the few friends who gathered around him, were it not for the storms of civil war which his own principles and policy had helped to introduce. When the great Rebellion rose, which the State- rights and nullifying doctrines of Mr. John C. C;\\- houn had inaugurated, President Tyler renounced his allegiance to the United States, and joined the Confed- erates. He was chosen a memljer of their Congress; and while engaged in active measures to destroy, by force of arms, the Government over which he had once presided, he was taken sick and soon died. (S'^c-^^ OC^ -^-^^'^c^^ ^ - ^ ^ RLE I -EN rrr presiden t. 59 w AMES K. POLK, the eleventh ^aPresident of the United States, was born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C, Nov. 2, 1795. His par- 7f^ ents were Samuel and Jane (Kno.x) Polk, the former a son of Col. Tlionias I'olk, who located at the above place, as one of the first pioneers, in 1735. In the year i 3o6, with his wife and children, ar.d soon after fol- lowed by most of the members of the Polk fanily, Samuel Polk emi- grated some two or three hundred miles farther west, to the rich valley of the Duck River. Here in the midst of the wilderness, in a region which was subsequently called Mau- ry Co., they reared their log huls, and established their homes. In the hard toil of a new farm in the wil- derness, James K. Polk spent the early years of his childhood and youth. His father, adding the pur- suit of a surveyor to that of a farmer, gradually increased in wealth until lie became one of the leading men of the region. His mother was a superior woman, of strong common sense and earnest piety. Very early in life, James developed a taste for reading and expressed the strongest desire to obtain a liberal education. His mother's training had made him methodical in his habits, had taught him punct- uality and industry, and had inspired him with lofty principles of morality. His health was frail ; and his father, fearing that he might not be able to endure a sedentary life, got a situation for him behind the counter, hoping to fit him for commercial pursuits. This was to James a l)itter disaijpointment. He had no taste for these duties, and his daily tasks were irksome in the extreme. He remained in this uncongenial occupation but a few weeks, when at his earnest solicitation his father removed him, and made arrangements for him to prosecute his studies. Soon after he sent him to Murfreesboro Academy. With ardor which could scarcely be surpassed, he pressed forward in his studies, and in less than two and a half years, in the autumn of 1815, entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Here he was one of the most exemplary of scholars, punctual in every exercise, never allowing himself to be absent from a recitation or a religious service. He graduated in 1818, with the highest honors, be« ing deemed the best scholar of his class, both in matljematics and the classics. He was then twehty- tiiree years of age. Mr. Polk's health was at thi? time much impaired by the assiduity with which he had prosecuted his studies. After a short season of relaxation he went to Nashville, and entered the office of Felix Crrundy, to study law. Here Mr. Polk renewed his acquaintance with Andrew Jackson, who resided on his plantation, the Hermitage, but a few miles from Nashville. They had probably beer slightly acquainted before. Mr. Polk's father was a Jeffersonian Republican, and James K. Polk ever adhered to the same jjoliti- cal faith. He was a popular ])ublic speaker, and was constantly called upon to address the meetings of his party friends. His skill as a speaker was such that he was popularly called the Napoleon of the stump. He was a man of unblemished morals, genia' and /AMES K. POLK. zourter us in his bearing, and with that sympathetic nature in the jo) s and griefs of others which ever gave liim troops of friends. In 1823, Mr. Polk was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. Here he gave his strong influence towards the election of his friend, Mr. Jackson, to the Presidency of the United States. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Sarah Childress, of Rutherford Co., Tenn. His bride was altogether worthy of him, — a lady of beauty and cul- ture. In the fall of 1825, Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress. The satisfaction which he gave to his constituents may be inferred from the fact, that for fourteen successive years, until 1839, he was con- tinuec^ in that office. He then voluntarily withdrew, only that he might accept the Gubernatorial chair of T'^nnessee. In Congress he was a laborious meraber, a frequent and a popular speaker. He was always in his seat, always courteous; and whenever he spoke it was always to the point, and without any ambitious rhetorical display. During five sessions of Congress, Mr. Polk was Speaker of the House Strong passions were roused, and stormy scenes were witnessed ; but Mr Polk per- formed his arduous duties to a very general satisfac- tion, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he withdrew on the 4th of March, 1839. In accordance with Southern usage, Mr. Polk, as a candidate for Governor, canvassed the State. He was elected by a large majority, and on the 14th of Octo- ber, 1839, took the oath of office at Nashville. In 1841, his term of office expired, and he was again the can- didate of the Democratic party, but was defeated. On the 4th of March, 1845, Mr. Polk was inaugur- ated President of the United States. The verdict of the country in favor of the annexation of Texas, exerted its influence upon Congress ; and the last act of the administration of President Tyler was to affix his sig- nature to a joint resohition of Congress, passed on the 3d of March, approving of the annexation of Texas to the American Union. As Mexico still claimed Texas as one of her provinces, the Mexican minister, Almonte, immediately demanded his passports and left the country, declaring the act of the annexation to be an act hostile to Mexico. In his first message, President Polk urged that Texas should immediately, by act of Congress, be re- ceived into the Union on the same footing with the other States. In the meantime, Gen. Taylor was sent with an army into Texas to hold the country. He was sent first to Nueces, which the Mexicans said was the western boundary of Texas. Then he was sent nearly two hundred miles further west, to the Rio Grande, where he erected batteries which commanded the Mexican city of Matamoras, which was situated on the western banks. The anticipated collision soon took place, and wa; was declared against Mexico by President Polk. Tht war was pushed forward by Mr. Polk's administration with great vigor. Gen. Taylor, whose army was first called one of "observation," then of "occupation," thenof" invasion, "was sent forward to Monterey. The feeble Mexicans, in every encounter, were hopelessly and awfully slaughtered. The day of judgement alone can reveal the misery which this war caused. It v/as by the ingenuity of Mr. Polk's administration that the war was brought on. 'To the victors belong the spoils." Mexico was prostrate before us. Her capital was in our hands. We now consented to peace upon the condition that Mexico should surrender to us, in addition to Texas, all of New Mexico, and all of Upper and Lower Cal- ifornia. This new demand embraced, exclusive of Texas, eight hundred thousand square miles. This was an extent of territory equal to nine States of the size of New York. Thus slavery was securing eighteen majestic States to be added to the Union. There were some Americans who thought it all right : there were others who thought it all wrong. In the prosecution of this war, we expended twenty thousand lives and more than a liundred million of dollars. Of this money fifteen millions were paid to Mexico. On the 3d of March, 1849, Mr. Polk retired from office, having served one term. The next day was Sunday. On the 5th, Gen. Taylor was inaugurated as his successor. Mr. Polk rode to the Capitol in the same carriage with Gen. Taylor; and the same even- ing, with Mrs. Polk, he commenced his return to Tennessee. He was then but fifty-four years of age. He had ever been strictly temperate in all his habits, and his health was good. With an ample fortune, a choice library, a cultivated mind, and domestic ties of the dearest nature, it seemed as though long years of trancpiility and happiness were before him. But the cholera — that fearful scourge — was then sweeping up the Valley of the Mississippi. This he contracted, and died on the 15th of June, 1849, in the fifiv.fourth year of his age, greatly mourned by his coumrymen. ^ OuC^'/Li^Pt- y yr^t^ ^^ . TIVELFTH PRESIDKNT. '^vly? „ ACHARY TAYLOR, twelfth \m I'resident of the United States, '^* was born on the 24th of Nov., 1784, in Orange Co., Va. His father, Colonel Taylor, was a Virginian of note, and a dis- ^0 tinguished patriot and soldier of the Revolution. When Zachary was an infant, his father with his wife and two children, emigrated to Kentucky, wiiere he settled in the pathless wilderness, a few miles from Louisville. \\\ this front- ier home, away from civilization and I all its refinements, yjung Zachary could enjoy but few social and educational advan- tages. When si.x years of age he attended a common school, and was then regarded .is a blight, active boy, rather remarkable for bluntness and decision of char- acter He was strong, feailess and self-reliant, and manifested a strong desire to enter the army to fight the Lidians who were ravaging the frontiers. There is little to be recorded of the uneventful years of his childhood on his father's large but lonely plantation. In 1808, his father succeeded in obtaining for him the commission of lieutenant in the United States army ; and lie joined Ihe troops which were stationed at New Orleans under Gen. Wilkinson. Soon after this he married Miss Margaret Smith, a young lady from one of the first families of Maryland. Lnmediately after the declaration of war with Eng- land, in 18 12, Capt. Taylor (for he had then been liromoted to that rank) was put in command of F'ort Harrison, on the Wabash, about fifty miles above Vincennes. This fort had been built in the wilder- ness by Gen. Harrison. on his march to Tippecanoe. It was one of the first points of attack by the Lidians, .ed by Tecumseh. Its garrison consisted of a broken company of infantry numbering fifty men, many of whom were sick. Early in the autumn of 181.', the Indians, stealthily, and in large numbers, moved upon the fort. Their apiiroach was first indicated by the murder of two soldiers just outside of the stockade. Capt. Taylor made every possible preparation to meet the antici- pated assault. On the 4th of September, a band of forty painted and plumed savages came to the fort, waving a white flag, and informed Capt. Taylor that in the morning their chief would come to have a talk with him. It was evident that their object was merely to ascertain the state of things at the fort, and Capt. Taylor, well versed in the wiles of the savages, kept them at a distance. The sun went down ; the savages disappeared, the garrison slept upon their arms. One hour before midnight the war whoop burst from a thousand lips in the forest around, followetl by the discharge of musketry, and the rush of the foe. Every man, sick and well, sprang to iiis [jost. Every man knew that defeat was not merely death, but in the case of cap- ture, death liy the most agonizing and prolonged tor- ture. No pen can describe, no immagination can conceive the scenes which ensued. Tiie savages suc- ceeded in setting fjre to one of the block-liouses- Until si.x o'clock in the morning, this awful conflict continued. The savages tiien, baffled at every jioint, and gnashing their teeth with rage, retired. Capt. Taylor, for this galiaiu defence, was promoted to the rank of major by brevet. Until the close of the war, MajorTaylor was jilaced in such situations that he saw but little more of active service. He was sent far away into the depthsof the wilderness, to Fort Crawford, on Fox River, which empties into Green Bay. Here there was but htile to be done but to wear away the tedious hours as one best could. There were no books, no society, no in- 04 ZACHARY TAYLOR tellectual stimulus. Thus with him the uneventful years rolled on Gradually he rose to the rank of colonel. In the Black Hawk war, which resulted in the capture of that renowned chieftain, Col Taylor took a subordinate but a brave and efficient part. For twenty-four years Col. Taylor was engaged in the defence of the frontiers, in scenes so remote, and in employments so obscure, that his name was unknown oeyond the limits of his owu immediate acquaintance. In the year 1836, he was sent to Florida to compel the Seminole Indians to vacate that region and re- tire beyond the Mississippi, as their chiefs by treaty, iiac' promised they should do. The services rendered he'.e secured for Col. Taylor the high appreciation of the Government ; and as a reward, he was elevated tc Jie rank of brigadier-general by brevet ; and soon after, in May, 1838, was appointed to the chief com- mand of the United States troops in Florida. After two years of such wearisome employment amidst the everglades of the peninsula. Gen. Taylor obtained, at his own request, a change of command, r.iid was stationed over the Department of the South- west. This field embraced Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Establishing his headquarters at Fort Jessup, in Louisiana, he removed his family to a plantation which he purchased, near Baton Rogue. Here he remained for five years, buried, as it v/ere, from the world, but faithfully discharging every duty imposed upon him. In 1846, Gen. Taylor was sent to guard the land between the Nueces and Rio Grande, the latter river being the boundary of Texas, which was then claimed by the United States. Soon the war with Mexico was brought on, and at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, Gen. Taylor won brilliant victories over the Mexicans. The rank of major-general by brevet was then conferred upon Gen. Taylor, and his name Was received with enthusiasm almost everywhere in the Nation. Then came the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista in which he won signal victories over forces much larger than he commanded. His careless habits of dress and his unaffected ^•iinplicity, secured for Gen. Taylor among his troops, Cnz sobriijuet of "Old Rough and Ready.' The tidings of the brilliant victory of Buena Vista spread the wildest enthusiasm over the country. The name of Gen. Taylor was on every one's lips. The Whig party decided to take advantage of this wonder- ful popularity in bringing forward the unpolished, un- ■■?red, honest soldier as their candidate for the I'residency. Gen. Taylor was astonished at the an- nouncement, and for a time would not listen to it; de- claring that he was not at all ([ualified for such an office. So little interest had he taken in politics that, for forty years, he had not cast a vote. It was not without chagrin that several distinguished statesmen who had been long years in the public service found •l.sir claims set aside in behalf of one whose name had never been heard of, save in connection with Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista. It is said that Daniel Webster, in his haste re- marked, " It is a nomination not fit to be made." Gen. Taylor was not an eloquent speaker nor a fine writer His friends took possession of him, and pre- pared such few communications as it was needful should be presented to the public. The popularity of the successful warrior swept the land. He was tri- umphantly elected over two opposing candidates, — Gen. Cass and Ex-President Martin Van Buren. Though he selected an excellent cabinet, the good old man found himself in a very uncongenial position, and was, at times, sorely perplexed and harassed. His mental sufferings were very severe, and probably tended to hasten his death. The pro-slavery party was pushing its claims with tireless energy , expedi- tions were fitting out to capture Cuba ; California was pleading for admission to the Union, while slavery stood at the door to bar her out. Gen. Taylor found the political conflicts in Washington to be far more trying to the nerves than battles with Mexicans or Indians In the midst of all these troubles, Gen. Taylor, after he had occupied the Presidential chair but little over a year, took cold, and after a brief sickness of but little over five days, died on the glh of July, 1850. His last words were, " I am not afraid to die. I am ready. I have endeavored to do my duty." He died universally respected and beloved. An honest, un- pretending man, he had been steadily growing in the affections of the people; and the Nation bitterly la- mented his death. Gen. Scott, who was thoroughly acquainted with Gen. Taylor, gave the following graphic and truthful description of his character: — " With a good store of common sense, Gen. Taylor's mind had not been en- larged and refreshed by reading, or much converse with the world. Rigidity of ideas was the conse- quence. The frontiers and small military posts had been his home. Hence he was quite ignorant for his rank, and quite bigoted in his ignorance. His sim- plicity was child-like, and with innumerable preju- dices, amusing and incorrigible, well suited to the tender age. Thus, if a man, however respectable, chanced to wear a coat of an unusual color, or his hat a little on one side of his head; or an officer to leave a corner of his handkerchief dangling from an out- side pocket, — in any such case, this critic held the offender to be a coxcomb (perhaps something worse), whom he would not, to use his oft repeated jihrase, ' touch with a pair of tongs.' "Any allusion to literature beyond good old Dil- worth's spelling-book, on the part of one wearing a sword, was evidence, with the same judge, of utter unfitness for heavy marchings and combats. In shorf few men have ever had a more comfori:a:.V '■^'■"». saving contempt for learnirg of every kind. t^w ~ 'f 1-4-^ J (-<-'{!U'^t.-txn/J TJIIRTEENTJI FRESIDENT. 6r 'MILLflRn FILLMnHE. -^M—i 4^ ILLARD FILLMORE, thi:- ^^teenth President of the United . ... jj States, was born at Summer '^(sljl--' X?!^ Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y ., on ^ ' the yth of January, 1800. His ■^ father was a farmer, and ow- ing to misfortune, in humble cir- cumstances. Of his mother, the daugliter of Dr. Abiathar Millard, of Pittsfield, Mass., it has been said that she possessed an intellect of very high order, united with much personal loveliness, sweetness of dis- position, graceful manners and ex- quisite sensibilities. She died in 1831 ; having lived to see her son a young man of distinguished [)rom- ise, though she was not permitted to witness the high dignity which he finally attained. In consequence of the secluded home and limited means of his father, Millard enjoyed but slender ad- vantages for education in his early years. The com- mon schools, which he occasionally attended were very imperfect nistitutions; and books were scarce and expensive. There was nothing then in his char- acter to indicate the brilliant career upon which he was about to enter. He was a plain farmer's boy; intelligent, good-looking, kind-he ,ed. The sacred influences of home had *'. .ght him to revere the Bible, and had laid the foundations of an u()right character. When fourteen years of age, his father sent him some hundred miles from home, to the then wilds - RANKLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Pri^ident of the ' United States, was born in Hillsborough, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, who, with his own strong arm, hewed out a home in the wilderness. He was a man of inflexible integrity; of strong, though uncultivated mind, and an uncompromis- ing Democrat. The mother of Franklin Pierce was all that a son could desire, — an intelligent, pru- dent, affectionate, Christian wom- an. Franklin was the si.xth of eight children. Franklin was a very liright and handsome boy, gen- erous, warm-hearted and brave. He won alike the love of old and young. The boys on the play ground loved him. His teachers loved him. The neighbors looked upon him with pride and affection. He was by instinct a gentleman; always speaking kind words, doing kind deeds, with a peculiar unstudied tact which taught him what was«greeal)le. Without de- veloping any precocity of genius, or any unnatural devotion to books, he was a good scholar; in body, in mind, in affections, a finely-developed boy. When sixteen years of age, in the year 1S20, he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me He was one of the most jiopular young men in the college. The jiurity cf his moral character, the unvarying courtesy of his demeanor, his rank as a scholar, and genial nature, rendered him a universal favorite. There was something very peculiarly winning in his address, and it was evidently not in the slightest de- gree studied : it was the simple outgushing of his own magnanimous and loving nature. Upon graduating, in the year 1824, Franklin Pierce commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, one of the most distinguished lawyers of the State, and a man of great private worth. The eminent social qualities of the young lawyer, his father's prominence as a pul)lic man, and the brilliant political career into which Judge Woodbury was en- tering, all tended to entice Mr. Pierce into the faci- nating yet perilous path of political life. With all the ardor of his nature he espoused the cause of Gen. Jackson for the Presidency. He commenced the practice of law in Hillsborough, and was soon elected to represent the town in the State Legislature. Here he served for four yeats. The last two years he was chosen speaker of the house by a very large vote. In 1833, at the age of twenty-nine, he was elected a member of Congress. AVithout taking an active part in debates, he was faithful and laborious in duty and ever rising in the estimation of those with whom he was associatad. In 1837, being then but thirty-three years of age, he was elected to the Senate of the United States; taking his seat just as Mr. Van Buren commenced his administration. He was the youngest member in the Senate. In the year 1834, he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady of rare beauty and accom- plishments, and one admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honoied Of the 72 tRANKLTN PIERCE. three sons who were born to them, all now sleep with, their parents in the grave. In the year 1S38, Mr. Pierce, with growing fame and increasing business as a lawyer, took up his residence in Concord, the capital of New Hampshire. President Polk, upon his accession to office, appointed Mr. Pierce attorney-general of the United States; but the offer was declined, in consequence of numerous professional engagements at home, and the precariuos state of Mrs. Pierce's health. He also, about the same time declined the nomination for governor by the Democratic party. The war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce in the army. Receiving the appointment of brigadier-general, he embarked, with a portion of his troops, at Newport, R, I., on the 27th of May, 1847. He took an important part in this war, proving him- self a brave and true soldier. When Gen. Pierce reached his home in his native State, he was received enthusiastically by the advo- cates of the Mexican war, and coldly by his oppo- nents. He resumed the practice of his profession, very frequently taking an active part in political ques- tions, giving his cordial support to the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party. The compromise measures met cordially with his approval; and he strenuously advocated the enforcement of the infa- mous fugitive-slave law, which so shocked the religious sensibilities of the North. He thus became (distin- guished as a "Northern man with Southern principles.'' The strong partisans of slavery in the South conse- quently regarded him as a man whom they could safely trust in office to carry out their [jlans. On the 1 2th of June, 1852, the Democratic conven- tion met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, ;xnd in thirty-five ballotings no one had obtained a two-thirds vote. Not a vote thus far had been thrown for Gen. Pierce. Th^'u the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more ballotings, during which Gen. Pierce constantly gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received two hundred and eighty-two votes, and all other candidates eleven. Gen. Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. Gen. Pierce was chosen with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Mas- sachusetts, Kentucky and Tennessee — cast their electoral votes against him Gen. Franklin Pierce was therefore inaugurated President of the United States on the 4th of March, 1853. His administration proved one of the most stormy our country had ever experienced. The controversy be tween slavery and freedom was then approaching its culminating point. It became evident that there was an "irrepressible conflict" between them, and that this Nation could not long exist " half slave and half free." President Pierce, during the whole of his ad- ministration, did every thing he could to conciliate the South ; but it was all in vain. The conflict every year grew more violent, and threats of the dissolution of the Union were borne to the North on eveiy South- ern breeze. Such was the condition of affairs when President Pierce approached the close of his four-years' term of office. The North had become thoroughly alien- ated from him. The anti-slavery sentiment, goaded by great outrages, had been rapidly increasing; all the intellectu'al ability and social worth of President Pierce were forgotten in deep reprehension of his ad- ministrative acts. The slaveholders of the South, also, unmindful of the fidelity with which he had advo- cated those measures of Government which they ap- proved, and perhaps, also, feeling that he had rendered himself so unpopular as no longer to be able acceptably to serve them, ungratefully dropped him, and nominated James Buchanan to succeed him. On the 4tli of March, 1857, President Pierce re- tired to his home in Concord. Of three children, two had died, and his only surviving child had been killed before his eyes by a railroad accident ; and his wife, one of the most estimable and accomplished of ladies, was rapidly sinking in consumption. The hour of dreadful gloom soon came, and he was left alone in the world, without wife or child. When the terrible Rebellion burst forth, which di- vided our country into two parties, and two only, Mr. Pierce remained steadfast in the principles which he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to that pro-slavery party with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hand of the National Gov- ernment. He continued to reside in Concord until the time of his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most genial and social oi men, an honored communicant of the Episcopal Church, and one of the kindest of neighbors. Gen erous to a fault, he contributed liberally for the at leviation of suffering and want, and many of his towns people were often gladened by his material bounty d ZC^^7l^J G^i^UO -i^^/ypz^^^^^y^ I'IFTEENTH PRESIDENT. fl I l,| ■^l!2s^^i^^"S'■gS'■'"f^^^:B^^iSH1t;jS^^'^^'^.1|' - <«« -< »»^ '■r^i':at^i' ^^t?^'.a'^v?i'fSits£i'^«^';'"i'a"i';'i>:i ^'i''.'i'.'>'^,'i-:^i':'i^;', yy:,'!^- ii-v,'fV3^:i^. ^y; ^H) fe'-SS'-^ >»» AMES BUCHANAN, the fit- vLteciith President of the United States, was horn in a small Irontier town, at the foot of the eastern ridge of the Allegha- nies, in Franklin Co., Penn., on 'i^-j^ the 23d of April, 1791. The ;:'lace where the humble cabin of his father sti od was called Stony ^^ Batter. It was a wild and ro- mantic spot in a gorge of the moun- tains, with towering summits rising grandly all around. His father was a native of the north of Ireland ; a poor man, who had emigrated in 1783, with little property save his Five jears afterwards he married Elizabeth Spear, the daughter of a respectable farmer, and, with his young bride, plunged into the wilder- ness, staked his claim, reared his log-hut, opened a clearing with his axe, and settled down there to i)er- form his obscure part in the drama of life. In this se- cluded home, where James was born, he remained for eight years, enjoying but few social or intellectual advantages. When James was eight yeais of age, his father removed to the village of Mercersburg, where his son was placed at school, and commenced a course of study in English, Latin and Greek. His progress was rapid, and at the age of fourteen, he entered Dickinson College, at Carlisle. Here he de- veloped remarkable talent, and took his stand among the first scholars in the institution. His application t.o study was intense, and yet his native powers en- own strong arms. abled him to master the most abstnise subjects wi '• facility. In the year 1809, he graduated with the highest honors of his clasL. He was then eighleer. years oi age; tall and graceful, vigorous in hcaiili, fond of athletic sport, an unerring shot, and enlivened with an e.xuberant How of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of l.uv iii tlie city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1S12, when he was but twenty-one years '^^f age. Yei\- rapidly he rose in his profession, and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest lawyers of the State. When Iml twenty-si.x years of age, unaided by counsel, lie suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate oie of tiie judges of the State, who was tried uiion articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar; and tliere was no lawyer in the State who had ,1 more lu- crative practice. In 1S20, he reluctantly consented to run as a candidate for Congress. He was elected, and foi ten years he remained a member of the Lower House. During the vacations of Congress, he occasional! v tried some important case. In 1831, he retired altogether from the toils of his profession. ha\ing ac- quired an ample fortune. Gen. Jackson, upon his elevation toihe I'residenc/, ap|xjinted Mr. Buchanan minister to Kussia. '! he duties of his mission he performed with ai)ility,wiiich gave satisfaction to all ])arties. Upon his return, in US33, he was elected to a seat in the I'ni'ed States Senate. He there met, as his associates, Webster. Clay, A\' right and ("alhoun. He advocated tl'.e meas- ures nrc> posed by President Jackson, rf n.'.. ling repn- 76 JAMES BUCHANAN. sals against France, to enforce the payment of our claims against that country ; and defended the course of the President in his unprecedented and wholesale removal from office of those who were not the sup- porters of his administration. Upon this question he was brought into direct collision with Henry Clay. He also, with voice and vote, advocated expunging from the journal of the Senate the vote of censure against Gen. Jackson for removing the deposits. Earnestly he opposed the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and urged the prohibition of the circulation of anti-slavery documents by the United States mails. As to petitions on the subject of slavery, he advo- cated that they should be respectfully received ; and that the reply should be returned, that Congress had no power to legislate upon the subject. '■ Congress," said he. "might as well undertake to interfere with slavery under a foreign government as in any of the States where it now e.xists." Upon Mr. Polk's accession to the Presidency, Mr. Buchanan became Secretary of State, and as such, took his share of the responsibility in the conduct of the Mexican War. Mr. Polk assumed that crossing the Nueces by the American troops into the disputed territory was not wrong, but for the Mexicans to cross the Rio Grande into that territory was a declaration of war. No candid man can read with pleasure the account of the course our Government pursued in that movement Mr. Buchanan identified himself thoroughly with tiie party devoted to the perpetuation and extension of slavery, and brought all the energies of his mind to bear against the VV'ilmot Proviso. He gave his cordial approval to the compromise measures of 1050, which included the fugitive-slave law, Mr. Pierce, upon his election to the Presidency, honored Mr. Buchanan with the mission to England. In the year 1856, a national Democratic conven- tion nominated Mr. Buchanan forthe Presidency. The political conflict vvas one of the most severe in which o\ir country has ever engaged. All the friends of slavery were on one side ; all the advocates of its re- striction and final abolition, on the other. Mr. Fre- mont, the candidate of the enemies of slavery, re- ••eived 114 electoral votes. Mr. Buchanan received 174, and was elected. The popular vote stood 1,340,618, for Fremont, 1,224,750 for Buchanan. On March 4th. 1857, Mr. Buchanan was inaugurated. Mr. Buchanan was far advanced in life. Only four -'ears were wanting to fill up his threescore years and ten. His own friends, tliose with wliom he had been allied in political ])rinciples and action for years, were seeking the destruction of the Government, that they might rear upon the ruins of our free institutions a nation whose corner-stone should be human slavery. In this emergency, Mr. Buchanan was hopelessly be- wildered He could not, with his long-avowed prin- ciples, consistently oppose the State-rights party in their assumptions. As President of the United States, bound by his oath faithfully to administer the laws, he could not, without perjury of the grossest kind, unite with those endeavoring to overthrow the repub- lic. He therefore did nothing. The opponents of Mr. Buchanan's administration nominaied .Abraham Lincoln as their standard bearer in the next Presidential canvass. The pro-slaverv party declared, that if he were elected, and the con- trol of the Government were thus taken from their hands, they would secede from the Union, taking with them, as they retired, the National Capitol at Washington, and the lion's share of the territory of the United States. Mr. Buchanan's sympathy with the pro-slavery party was such, that he had been willing to offerthem far more than they had ventured to claim. All the South had professed to ask of the North was non- intervention upon the subject of slavery. Mr. Bu- chanan had been ready to offer them the active co- operation of the Government to defend and extend the institution. As the storm increased in violence, the slaveholders claiming the right to secede, and Mr. Buchanan avow- ing that Congress had no power to prevent it, one o( the most pitiable exhibitions of governmental im- becility was exhibited the world has ever seen. He declared that Congress had no power to enforce its laws in any State which had withdrawn, or which was attempting to withdraw from tlie Union. This was not the doctrine of Andrew Jackson, when, with his hand upon his sword hilt, he exclaimed. " The Union must and shall be preserved!" South Carolina seceded in December, i860; nearly three months before the inauguration of President Lincoln. Mr. Buchanan looked on in listless despair. The rebel flag was raised in Charleston: Fort Sumpter was besieged ; our forts, navy-yards and arsenals were seized; our depots of military stores were plun- dered ; and our custom-houses and post-offices were appropriated by the rebels. The energy of the rebels, and the imbecility of oui Executive, were alike marvelous. The Nation looked on in agony, waiting for the slow weeks to glide away, and close the administration, so terrible in its weak- ness At length the long-looked-for hour of deliver- ance came, when Abraham Lincoln was to receive the scepter. The administration of President Buchanan was certainly the most calamitous our country has ex- perienced. His best friends cannot recall it with pleasure. And still more deplorable it is for his fame, that in that dreadful conflict which rolled its billows of flame and blood over our whole land, no word came from his lips to indicate his wish that our country's banner should triumph over the flag of the rebellion He died at his Wheniland retreat, June i. 1868. €, ";kr^.^-Ji^. <9 ' <2-^^^^ Q^J^O^^'- 'tCT^i/ SIXTEENTH FRES/DENT. .'■A > '^m. \^^^^E^^2f ,, , ABRAHAM > m}^h(m < LINCOLN. > "^ »;V "'' t7 BRAHAM LINCOLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, was born in Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809. About the year 1780, a man by the name of Abraham •^ Lincohi left Virginia with his family and moved into the tlien wilds of Kentucky. Only two years after this emigration, still a young man, while working one day in a field, was stealthily approached Ijy an Indian and shot dead. His widow was left in extreme poverty with five little children, three boys and two girls. Thomas, the youngest of the boys, was four years of age at his father's death. This Tiiomas was the father of Abraham Lincoln, the ' President of the United States whose name must henceforth fo'ever lie enrolled with the must prominent in the annals of our world. Of course no record has been kept of the life of one so lowly as Thomas Lincoln. He was among the poorest of the poor. His home was a wretched log-cabin ; his food the coarsest and the meanest. Education he had none; he could never either read or write. As soon as he was able to do anything for himself, he was compelled to leave the cabin of his starving mother, and push out into the world, a friend- .ess, wandering boy, seeking work. He hired him- self out, and thus s])ent the whole of his youth as a ?.iborer in the fields of others. When twenty-eight years of age he built a log- 1 ai.iin of his own, and married Nancy Hanks, the daughter of another family of poor Kentucky emi- grants, who had also come from Virginia. Their second child was .\braliam Lincoln, the subject of this sketch. The mother of Abraham was a noble woman, gentle, loving, pensive, created to adorn a palace, doomed to toil and pine, and die in a hovel. " All that I am, or hope to be," e.xclaims the grate- ful son "I owe to my angel-mother. When he was eight years of age, his father sold his cabin and small t'arm, and moved to Indiana Whei - two years later his mother died. Abraham soon became the sciibe ol the uneducated community around him. He could not have liad a better school than this to teach him to |)ut thoughts into words. He also became an eager reader. The books he could obtain were few ; but these he 'read and re-read until they were almost conuuilti'*^ tc memory. As the years rolled on, the lot of this lowly fauiil) was the usual lot of humanity. Thi-re were joys aiu, griefs, weddings and funerals. Abraham's sisti > Sarah, to whom he was tenderly attached, was nun ried when a child of but fourteen years of age, anc soon died. The family was gradually scattered. Mr Thomas Lincoln sold out his squatter's claim in 1830 and emigrated to Macon Co., 111. '\braham Lincoln was then twenty-one years of age. With vigorous hands he aided his father in reaiiny another log-cabin. Abraham worked diligently at this until he saw the family comfortably settled, and theii small lot of enclosed prairie planted with corn, when he announced to his father his intention to leave home, and to go out into the world and seek his for- tune. Little did he or his friends imagine how bril- liant that fortune was to be. He saw the value o! education and was intensely earnest to improve lii-, mind to the utmost of his power. He saw the luin which ardent spirits were causing, and became strictly temperate; refusing to allow a drop of intoxi- cating liquor to pass his lips. .And he had read iii Cod's word, " Thou shall not take the name of ih,- Lord thy God in vain;" and a profane exiuessitui he was never heard to utter. Religion he revered. His morals were pure, and he was uncontaminated bv a single vice. Voung Abraham worked for a time as :, hired laborei among the fanners. Then he went to .Springfield, where he was employed in 1 uilding a huge flat-boat In this he took a herd of swiiie, flo.itcd them dowr. Ihe Sangamon to the Illinois, and thence by the ?vlis. sissippi to New Orleans. Whatever Abraham lin- coln undertook, he performed so faithfully as to give great satisfaction to his eratiloyers. In this adven 8o ABRAHAM LINCOLN. tare his employers were so well pleased, that upon his return they placed a store and mill under his care. In 1832, at the outbreak of the Black Hawk war, he enlisted and was chosen captain of a company. He returned to Sangamon County, and although only 23 years of age, was a candidate for the Legislature, but was defeated. He soon after received from Andrew Jackson the appointment of Postmaster of New Salem, His only post-office was his hat. All the letters he received he carried there ready to deliver to those he chanced to meet. He studied surveying, and soon made this his business. In 1834 he again became a candidate for the Legislature, and was elected Mr. Stuart, of Springfield, advised him to study law. He walked from New Salem to Springfield, borrowed of Mr. Stuart a load of books, carried them back and began his legal studies. When the Legislature as- sembled he trudged on foot with his pack on his back ane hundred miles to Vandalia, then the capital. In 1836 he was re-elected to the Legislature. Here it was he first met Stephen A. Douglas. In 1839 he re- moved to Springfield and began the practice of law. His success with the jury was so great that he was coon engaged in almost every noted case in the circuit. In 1854 the great discussion began between Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Douglas, on the slavery question. In the organization of the Republican party in Illinois, in 1856, he took an active part, and at once became' one. of the leaders in that party. Mr. Lincoln's speeches in opposition to Senator Douglas in the con- test in 1858 for a seat in the Senate, form a most notable part of his history. The issue was on the ;lavery question, and he took the broad ground of .he Declaration of Independence, that all men are -reated equal. Mr. Lincoln was defeated in this con- test, but won a far higher prize. The great Republican Convention met at Chicago on the i6th of June, i860. The delegates and strangers who crowded the city amounted to twenty- five thousand. An immense building called "The Wigwam," was reared to accommodate the Conven- tion. There were eleven candidates for whom votes were thrown. William H. Seward, a man whose fame as a statesman had long filled the land, was the most nrominent. It was generally supposed he would be !he nominee. Abraham Lincoln, however, received the nomination on the third ballot. Little did he then dream of the weary years of toil and care, and the bloody death, to which that nomination doomed him: and aslittle did he dream that he was tc render services to his country, which would fi.x upon him the eyes of the whole civilized world, and which would give him a place in the affections of his countrymen, second f-nly, if second, to that of Washington. Election day came and Mr. Lincoln received 180 electoral votes out of 203 cast, and was, therefore, constitutionally elected President of the United States! The tirade of abuse that was poured upon this good and merciful man, especially by the slaveholders, was greater than upon any other man ever elected to this high position. In February, 1861, Mr. Lincoln started for Washington, stopping in all the large cities on his way making speeches. 'I'he wiiole journey was frought with much danger. Many of the Southern States had already seceded, and several attempts at assassination were afterwards brought to light. A gang in Balti- more had arranged, upon his arrival to "get up a row," and m the confusion to make sure of his death with revolvers and hand-grenades. A detective unravelled the plot. A secret and special train was provided to take him from HarrisL'urg, through Baltimore, at ar unexpected hour of the night. The train started at half-past ten ; and to prevent any possible communi- cation on the part ot the Secessionists with theirCon- federate gang in Baltimore, as soon as the train haa started the telegraph-wires were cut. Mr. Lincoln reached Washington in safety and was inaugurated although great an.xiety was felt by all loyal people In the selection of his cabinet Mr. Lincoln gave to Mr Seward the Department of State, and to other prominent opponents before the convention he gave important positions. During no other administration have the duties devolving upon the President been so manifold, and the responsibilities so great, as those which fell to the lot of President Lincoln. Knowing this, and feeling his own weakness and inability to meet, and in his own strength to cope with, the difficulties, he learned early to seek Divine wisdom and guidance in determining his plans, and Divine comfort in all his trials, bo-h personal and national. Contrary to his own estimate of himself. Mr. Lincoln was one of the most courageous of men. He went directly into the rebel capital just as the retreating foe was leaving with no guard but a few sailors. >rom the time he had left Springfield, in 1861, however, plans had been made for his assassination.and he at last fell a victim to one of them. April 14, 1865, he, with Gen. Grant, was urgently mvited to attend Fords' Theater It was announced that they would be present. Gen Grant, however, left the citv. President Lincoln, feell ing, with his characteristic kindliness of heart, that It would be a disappointment if he should fail them very reluctantly consented to go. M'hile listening to the play an actor by the name of John AVilkes Booth entered the bo.x where the President and family were seated, and fired a bullet into his brains. He died the next morning at seven o'clock. Never before, in the history of the world was a nation plunged into such deep grief by the death of its ruler. Strong men met in the streets and wept in speechless anguish. It is not too much to say that a nation was in tears. His was a life which will fiily become a iiiodel. His name as the savior of his 'country w=M live with that of Washington's, its father; his country- men being unable to decide whi-r^ SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENT. 83 NDREW JOHNSON, seven- teenth President of the United States. The early Hie of Andrew Johnson contains but the record of poverty, destitu- tion and friendlessness. He was born December 29, 180S, in Raleigh, N. C. His parents, belonging to tlie class of the "poor whites " of the South, were in such circumstances, that they cou'd not onffr ;.'ei\ the slight- est advantages of education upon their child. When Andrew was five years of age, his father accidentally iost his life while herorically endeavoring to save a friend from drowning, ^''fiiil teri /ears of age, Andrew was a ragged boy abour the streets, supported by the labor of his mother, who obtained her living with her own hands. He then, having never attended a school one day, and being unable either to read or write, was ap- prenticed to a tailor in his native town. A gentleman was in the habit of going to the tailor's shop occasion- ally, and reading to the boys at work there. He often read from the speeches of distinguished British states- men. Andrew, who was endowed with a mind of more than ordinary native ability, became much interested in these speeches ; his ainbition was roused, and he was inspired with a strong desire to learn to read. He accordingly applied himself to the alphabet, and with the assistance of some of his fellow-workmen, /earned his letters. He then called upon the gentle- man to borrow the book of speeches. The owner, pleased with his zeal, not only gave him the boos but assisted him in learning to combine the letters into words. Under such difficulties he pressed 3.. ward laboriously, spending usually ten or twelve hours at work in the shoji, and then robbing himself of rest and recreatio;' to devote such time as he could to reading. He went to Tennessee in 1826, and located at Greenville, where he married a young lady who pvjs sessed some education. Under her instructions lif learned to write and cipher. He became prominent in the village debating society, and a favorite with the students of Greenville College. In 1828, he or ganized a working man's party, which elected him alderman, and in 1830 elected him mayor, which position he held three years. He now began to take a lively interest in political affairs; identifying himself with the working-classes, to which he belonged. In 1835, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of Tennes- see. He was then just twenty-seven years of age. He became a very active rueniber of the legislature gave his adhesion to the Democratic party, and in 1840 "stumped the State," advocating Martin Van Buren's claims to the Presidency, in opiX)sition to thos^. of Gen. Harrison. In this campaign he acquired much readiness as a speaker, and extended and increased his reputation. In 1 84 1, he was elected State Senator; in 1843, he was elected a member of Congress, and by successive elections, held that important post for ten years. In 1853, he was elected Governor of Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1855. In all these resjionsible posi- tions, he discharged his duties witji distinguished abi. 84 ANDREW JOHNSON. ity, and proved himself the warm friend of the work- ing classes. In 1857, Mr. Johnson was elected U^nited States Senator. Years before, in 1S45, he had warmly advocated the annexation of Texas, stating however, as his reason, that he thought this annexation would prob- (ibly prove " to be the gateway out of which the sable sons of Africa are to pass from bondage to freedom, (ind become merged in a population congenial to themselves." In 1850, he also supported the com- promise measures, the two essential features of which were, that the white people of the Territories should be permitted to decide for themselves whether they would enslave the colored people or not, and that the *'ree States of the North should return to the South persons who attempted to escape from slavery. Mr. Johnson was neverashamedof his lowly origin: on the contrary, he often took pride in avowing that he owed his distinction to his own exertions. "Sir," said he on the floor of the Senate, " I do not forget that I am a mechanic ; neither do I forget that Adam was a tailor and sewed fig-leaves, and that our Sav- ior was the son of a carpenter." In the Charleston- Baltimore convention of i8bo, ne jRras the choice of the Tennessee Democrats for the "Presidency. In 1861, when the purpose of the South- 2ni Democracy became apparent, he took a decided stand in favor of the Union, and held that " slavery must be held subordinate to the Union at whatever cost." He returned to Tennessee, and repeatedly Imperiled his own life to protect the Unionists of Tennesee. Tennessee having seceded from the Union, President Lincoln, on March 4th, 1862, ap- pointed him Military Governor of the State, and he established the most stringent military rule. His numerous proclamations attracted wide attention. In 1864, he was elected Vice-President of the United States, and upon the death of Mr. Lincoln, April 15, 1865, became President. In a speech two days later he said, " The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be cunished ; that the Government will not always beai with its enemies ; that it is strong not only to protect, but to punish. * * The people must understand that it (treason) is the blackest of crimes, and will surely be punished." Yet his whole administration, the history of which is so well known, was in utter iiKonsistency with, and the most viol;nt opposition to, the principles laid down in tnat speech. In his loose policy of reconstruction and general amnesty, he was opposed by Congress; and he char- acterized Congress as a new rebellion, and lawlessly defied it, in everything possible, to the utmost. In the beginning of 1868, on account of "high crimes and misdemeanors," the principal of which was the removal of Secretary Stanton, in violation of the Ten- ure of Office Act, articles of impeachment were pre- ferred against him, and the trial began March 23. It was very tedious, continuing for nearly three months. A test article of the impeachment was at length submitted to the court for its action. It was certain that as the court voted upon that article so would it vote upon all. Thirty-four voices pronounced the President guilty. As a two-thirds vote was neces- sary to his condemnation, he was pronounced ac- quitted, notwithstanding the great majority against him. The change of one vote from the not guilty side would have sustained the impeachment. The President, for the remainder of his term, was but little regarded. He continued, though impotent!--, his conflict with Congress. His own party did not think it expedient to renominate him for the Presi- dency. The Nation rallied, with enthusiasm unpar- alleled since the daysof Washington, around the name of Gen. Grant. Andrew Johnson was forgotten. The bullet of the assassin introduced him to the President's chair. Notwithstanding this, never was there presented to a man a better opportunity to im- mortalize his name, and to win the gratitude of a nation. He failed utterly. He retired to his home in Greenville, Tenn., taking no very active part in politics until 1875. On Jan. 26, after an exciting struggle, he was chosen by the Legislature of Ten- nessee, United States Senator in the forty-fourth Con- gress, and took his seat in that body, at the special session convened by President Grant, on the sth of March. On the 27th of July, 1875, the ex-President made a visit to his daughter's home, near Carter Station, Tenn. When he started on his journey, he was apparently in his usual vigorous health, but on reach- ing the residence of his child the following day, was stricken with paralysis, rendering him unconscious. He rallied occasionally, but finally passed away at 2 A.M., July 31, aged sixty-seven years. His fun- eral was attended at Geenville, on the 3d of August, with every demonstration of respect /-a EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENT. LYSSES S. GRANT, the eighteenth President of the If United States, was born on the 2gth of April, 1822, of Christian parents, in a humble home, at Point Pleasant, on the banks of the Ohio. Shortly after his father moved to George- town, Brown Co., O. In this re- mote frontier hamlet, Ulysses received a common-school edu- cation. At the age of seven- teen, in the year 1S39, he entered the Military Academy at West Point. Here he was regarded as a solid, sensible young man of fair abilities, and of sturdy, honest character. He took resi)ectable rank as a scholar. In June, 1843, he graduated, about the middle in his class, and was sent as lieutenant of in- fantry to one of the distant military posts in the Mis- souri Territory. Two years he past in these dreary solitudes, watching the vagabond and exasperating Indians. The war with Mexico came. Lieut. Grant was sent with his regiment to Corpus Christi. His first battle was at Palo Alto. There was no chance here for the exhibition of either skill or heroism, nor at Resacade la Palma, his second battle. At the battle of Monterey, his third engagement, it is said that he performed a signal service of daring and skillful horsemanship. His brigade had exhausted its am- munition. A messenger must be sent for more, along a route exposed to the bullets of the foe. Lieut. Grant, adopting an expedient learned of the Ir,dians, grasped the mane of his horse, and hanging u]X)n one side of the anin\Tl, ran the gauntlet in entire safety. From Monterey he was sent, with the fourth infantry, to aid Gen. Scott, at the siege of Vera Cruz. In preparation for the march to the city of Mexico, he was appointed quartermaster of his regiment. At the battle of Molino del Rey, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, and was brevetted captain at Cha- pultepec. At the close of the Mexican War, Capt. Grant re- turned witli his regiment to New York, and was again sent to one of the military posts on the frontier. The discovery of gold in California causing an immense tide of emigration to flow to the Pacific shores, Capt. Grant was sent with a battalion to Fort Dallas, in Oregon, for the protection of the interests of the im- migrants. Life was wearisome in those wilds. Capt. Grant resigned his commission and returned to the States; and having married, entered upon the cultiva- tion of a small farm near St. Louis, Mo. He had but little skill as a farmer. Finding his toil not re- munerative, he turned to mercantile life, entering into the leather business, with a younger brother, at Ga- lena, 111. This was in the year i860. As the tidings of the rebels firing on Fort Sumpter reached the ears of Capt. Grant in his counting-room, he said, — "Uncle Sam has educated me for the army: though I have served him through one war, I do not feel that I have yet repaid the debt. I am still ready to discharge my obligations. I shall therefore liuckle on my tword and see Uncle Sam through this war too." He went into the streets, raised a company of vol- unteers, and led them as their captain to Springfield, the capital of the State, where their services were offered to Gov. Yates. The Governor, impressed by the zeal and straightforward executive ability of Capt. Grant, gave him a desk in his office, to assist in the volunteer organization that was being formed in the State in behalf of the Governrn^nt. On the i?''' o( 88 'ULYSSES S. GRANT. June, 1 86 1, Capt. Grant received a commission as Colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of Illinois Vol- unteers. His merits as a West Point graduate, who had served for 15 years in the regular array, were such that he was soon promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General and was placed in command at Cairo. The rebels raised their banner at Paducah, near the mouth of the Tennessee River. Scarcely had its folds ap- peared in the breeze ere Gen. Grant was there. The rebels fled. Their banner fell, and the star and stripes were unfurled in its stead. He entered the service with great determination and immediately began active duty. This was the be- ginning, and until the surrender of Lee at Richmond he was ever pushing the enemy with great vigor and effectiveness. At Belmont, a few days later, he sur- prised and routed the rebels, then at Fort Henry won another victory. Then came the brilliant fight at Fort Donelson. The nation was electrified by the victory, and the brave leader of the boys in blue was immediately made a Major-General, and the military listrict of Tennessee was assigned to him. Like all great captains, Gen. Grant knew well how to secure the results of victory. He immediately Dushed on to the enemies' lines. Then came the terrible battles of Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and the siege of Vicksburg, where Gen. Pemberton made an unconditional surrender of the city with over thirty thousand men and one-hundred and seventy-two can- non. The fall of Vicksburg was by far the most severe blow which the rebels had thus far encountered, and opened up the Mississippi from Cairo to the Gulf. Gen. Grant was next ordered to co-operate with Gen. Banks in a movement upon Texas, and pro- ceeded to New Orleans, where he was thiown from h;s horse, and received severe injuries, from which he was laid up for months. He then rushed to the aid of Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas at Chattanooga, and by a wonderful series of strategic and technical meas- ures put the Union Army infighting condition. Then followed the bloody battles at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, in which the rebels were routed with great loss. This won for him un- bounded praise in the North. On the 4th of Febru- ary, 1864, Congress revived the grade of lieutenant- general, and the rank was conferred on Gen. Grant. He repaired to Washington to receive his credentials and enter upon ibf duties of his new office Gen. Grant decided as soon as he took charge ol ihe army to concentrate the widely-dispersed National troops for an attack upon Richmond, the nominal capital of the Rebellion, and endeavor there to de- stroy the rebel armies which would be promptly as- sembled from all quarte:s for its defence. The whole continent seemed to tremble under the tramp of these majestic armies, rushing to the decisive battle field. Steamers were crowded with troops. Railway trains were burdened with closely packed thousands. His plans were comprehensive and involved a series of campaigns, which were executed with remarkable en- ergy and ability, and were consummated at the sur- render of Lee, April 9, 1865. The war was ended. The Union was saved. The almost unanimous voice of the Nation declared Gen. Grant to be the most prominent instrument in its sal- vation. The eminent services he had thus rendered the country brouglit him conspicuously forward as the Republican candidate for the Presidential chair. At the Republican Convention held at Chicago. May 21, 186S, he was unanimously nominated for the Presidency, and at the autumn election received a majority of the popular vote, and 214 out of 294 electoral votes. The National Convention of the Republican party which met at Philadelphia on the 5th of June, 1872, placed Gen. Grant in nomination for a second temi by a unanimous vote. The selection was emphati- cally indorsed by the people five months later, 292 electoral votes being cast for him. Soon after the close of his second term. Gen. Grant started upon his famous trip around the world. He visited almost every country of the civilized world, and was everywhere received with such ovations and demonstrations of respect and honor, private as well as public and official, as were never before bestowed upon any citizen of the United States. He was the most prominent candidate before the Republican National Convention in 1880 for a re- nomination for President. He went to New York and embarked in the brokerage business under the firm nameof Grant & Ward. The latter proved a villain, wrecked Grant's fortune, and for larceny was sent to the penitentiary. The General was attacked with cancer in the throat, but suffered in his stoic-like manner, never complaining. He was re-instated as General of the Army and retired by Congress. The cancer soon finished its deadly work, and July 23, 1885, the nation went in nnourning over the death of the illustrious General, 6^ ^- ^oA' t u NINETEENTH PRESIDENT. 91 " '^ feOf UTHERFORD B. HAYES, the nineteenth President of ej'the United States, was born in Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822, al- most three months after the "^ death of his father, Rutherford Hayes. His ancestry on both the paternal and maternal sides, was of the most honorable char- acter. It can be traced, it is said, as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chief- tains, fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Rol:)ert Bruce. Both families belonged to the nobility, owned e.\tensive estates, and had a large following. Misfor- .ane cvvKaking the family, George Hayes left Scot- .and in 16S0, and settled in Windsor, Conn. His son George wai. born in Windsor, and remained there during his lile. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, mar- ried Sarah L.;e, and lived from the time of his mar- riage until h:s death in Simsbury, Conn. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in T724, and was a manufac- turerof scythes at Bradford, Conn. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel audgrandfatherof President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a fanner, blacksmith and tavern-keejier. He emigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro, where he established a hotel. Here his son Ruth- erford Hayes the father of President Hayes, was born. He was married, in September, 1813, to Sophia Birchard, of Wilmington, Vt., whose ancestors emi- grated thither from Connecticut, they having been among the wealthiest and best famlies of Norwich. Her ancestry on the male side are traced back to 1635, to Jolin Birchard, one of the principal founders of Norwich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers ill the Revolutionary War. The father of President Hayes was an industrious frugal and opened-hearted man. He was of a me- chanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stock- ing, or do almost anything else that he choose to undertake. He was a member of the Church, active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town, and con- ducted his business on Christian principles. After the close of the war of 181 2, for reasons inexplicable to his neighbors, he resolved to emigrate to Ohio. The journey from Vermont to Ohio in that day when there were no canals, steamers, not railways, was a very serious affair. A tour of inspection was first made, occupying four months. Mr. Hayes deter mined to move to Delaware, where the family arrived in 1817. He died July 22, 1822, a victim of malarial fever, less than three months before the birth of the son, of whom we now write. Mrs. Hayes, in her sore be- reavement, found the support she so much needed in her brother Sardis, who had been a member of the household from the day of its departure from Ver- mont, and in an orphan girl whom she had adopted some time before as an act of charity. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the 9* RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker, so that the neighbors were in the habit of in- quiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes' baby died last night." On one occasion a neighbor, wiio was on (fimiliar terms with the family, after alluding to the l)oy's big head, and the mother's assiduous care of him, said in a bantering way, " That's right! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't wonder if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes. " You ivait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his older brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still dearer to his mother. The boy was seven years old before he went to school. His education, however, was not neglected. He probably learned as much from his mother and jister as he would have done at school. His si^orts were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circumstances tended, no doulit, to foster that gentleness of dispo- sition, and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others, which are marked traits of his character. His uncle Sardis Birchard took the deepest interest j'n his education; and as the boy's health had im~ •proved, and he was making good progress in his (studies, he proix)sed to send him to college. His pre- paration commenced with a tutor at home; bit he was afterwards sent for one year to a professor in the Wesleyan University, in Middletown, Conn. He en- tered Kenyon College in 1838, at the age of sixteen, and was graduated at the head of his class in 1842. Immediately after his graduation he began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., in Columbus. Finding his opportunities for study in Columbus somewhat limited, he determined to enter the Law School at Cambridge, Mass., where he re- mained two years. In 1 845, after graduatmg at the Law School, lie was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he re- mained three years, acquiring but a limited practice, and apparently unambitious of distinction in his pro- fession. Vi 1 849 he moved to Cincmnati, where his ambi- tion found a new stimulus. For several years, how- ever, his progress was slow. Two events, occurring at this period, had a powerful influence u[)on his subse- quent 'ife. One of these was his marrage with Miss Lucy Ware Wel)b, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Chilicothe; the other was liis introduction to the Cin- cinnati Literary Club, a body embracing among its members such men as '^hief Justice Salmon P^ChasCj Gen. John Pope, Gov. Edward F. Noyes, and many others hardly less distinguished in after life. The marriage was a fortunate one in every respect, as everybody knows. Not one of all the wives of our Presidents was more universally admired, reverenced and beloved than was Mrs. Hayes, and no one did more than she to reflect honor upon American woman hood. The Literary Cluu brought Mr. Hayes into constant association with young men of high char- acter and noble aims, and lured him to display t'.ie qualities so long hidden by his bashfulne^s and modesty. In 1856 he was nominated to the office of Judg2 of the Court of Common Pleas; but he declined to ar.. cept the nomination. Two years later, the office d city solicitor becoming vacant, the City Council elected him for the unexpired term. In 1 86 1, when the Rebellion broke out, he was at tlie zenith of his professional li5,. His rank at the bar was among the the first. But the news of the attack on Fort Sumpter found him eager to take -id arms for the defense of his country. His military record was bright and illustrious. In October, 186 1, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, promoted Colonel of the 79th Ohio regiment, but he refused to leave his old comrades and go among strangers. Subsequently, however, he was made Colonel of his old regiment. At the Ijattle of South Mountain he received a wound, and while faint and bleeding displayed courage end fortitude that won admiration from all. Col. Hayes was detached from his regiment, after his recovery, to act as Brigadier-General, and [jlaced in command of the celebrated Kanawha division, and for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General, "forgallant and distinguished services during the campaigns of 1864, in West Virginia." In the course of his arduous services, four horses were shot from under him, and he was wounded four times In 1864, Gen. Hayes was elected to Congress, from the Second Oliio District, whicli had long been Dem- ocratic. He was not present during tlie campaign, and after his election was importuned to resign his commission in the army ; but he finally declared, " I shall never come to Washington until I can come by the way of Richmond." He was re-elected in 1866. In 1867, Gen Hayes was elected Governor of Oliio, over Hon. Allen G. Thunnan, a populai Democrat. In 1869 was re-eiected over George H. Pendleton. He was elected Governor for the third term in 1875. In 1876 he was the standard beater of the Repub- lican Party in the Presidential contest, and after a hard long contest was chosen President, and was in augiirated Monday, March 5, 1875. He served his full term, not, hcwever, with satisfaction to his party, but his admiiristration was an average or\5 /^%a^° j^«fc ''^■■ L ^ /:/ •^^^^c^,^«iS^^:iH^Sis*^:s- I liPii ^, i^Rf III;®, i AMES A. GARFIELD, twen- tieth President of the United States, was born Nov. 19, I S3 1, in tlie woods of Orange, Cuyahoga Co., O His par- ents were Abram and Ehza (Ballou) Garfield, both of New England ancestry and from fami- lies well known in the early his- plS tory of that section of our coun- try, but had moved to the Western Reserve, in Ohio, early in its settle- ment. The house in which James A. was born was not unlike the houses of poor Ohio farmers of that day. It , tic about 20x30 feet, built of logs, with the spaces be- MZ&i\ the logs filled with clay. His father was a jiard working farmer, and he soon had his fields jleared, an orchard planted, and a log barn built. The household comprised the father and mother and heir four children — Mehetabel, Thomas, Mary and 'ames. In May, 1823^ the father, from a cold con- . /acted in helping to put out a forest fire, died. At (liis time James was about eighteen months old, and Thomas about ten years old. No one, perhaps, can (ell how mucli James was indebted to his biother's toil and self-sacrifice during the twenty years suc- ceeding his father's death, but undoubtedly very much. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sis- itrs live in Solon, O., near their birthplace. The early educational advantages young Garfield enjoyed were very limited, yet he made the most of them. He labored at farm work for others, did car- penter work, chopped wood, or did anything that would bring in a few dollars to aid his widowed mother in he' struggles to keep the little faniily to- gether. Nor was Gen. Garfield ever ashamed of his origin, and he never forgot the friends of his strug- gling childhood, youth and manhood, neither did they ever forget him. When in the highest seats of honor, the humblest fiiend of his boyhood was as kindly greeted as ever. Tlie poorest laborer was sure of the sympathy of one who had known all the bitterness of want and the sweetness of bread earned by the sweat of the brow. He was ever the simple, plain, modest gentleman. The highest ambition of young Garfield until hi was about sixteen years old was to be a captain of a vessel on Lake Erie. He was anxious to go aboard a vessel, which his mother strongly opposed. She finally consented to his going to Cleveland, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtair some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland. This was his first visit to the city. After making many applications for work, and trying to get aboard a lake vessel, and not meeting with success, he engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Oliio & Pennsylvania Canal. He re- mained at this work but a short time when he went home, and attended the seminary at Chester for about three years, when he entered Hiram and the Eclectic Institute, teaching a few terms of school in the meantime, and doing other work. This school was started by the Disciples of Christ in 1850, of which church he was then a member. He became janitor and bell-ringer in order to help pay his way He then became both teacher and pupil. He soon " exhausted Hiram " and needed more ; hence, in the fall of 1854, he entered Williams College, from which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest h*,- ors of his class. He afterwards returned to Hiram College as its President. As above slated, he early united with the Christian or Diciples Church at Hiram, and was ever after a devoted, zealous mem- ber, often preaching in its pulpit and places where he happened to be. Dr. Noah Porter, President of Yale College, says of him in reference to his religion; 9« JAMES A. GARFIELD. "President Garfield was more than a man of strong moral and religious convictions. His whole history, from boyhood to the last, shows that duty to man and to God, and devotion to Christ and life and faith and spiritual commission were controlling springs of his being, and to a more than usual degree. \\\ my j-idgmeni there is no more interesting feature of liis character than his loyal allegiance to the body of Christians in which he was trained, and the fervent sympathy which he ever showed in their Christian communion. Not many of the few 'wise and mighty and noble who are called' show a similar loyalty to the less stately and cultured Christian communions in which they have been reared. Too often it is true that as they step upward in social and political sig- nificance they step upward from one degree to another in some of the many types of fashionable Christianity. President Garfield adhered to the church of his mother, the church in which he was trained, and in which he served as a pillar and an evangelist, and yet with the largest and most unsec- '.arian charity for all 'who loveour Lord in sincerity.'" Mr. Garfield was united in marriage with Miss Lucretia Rudolph, Nov. ii, 1858, who proved herself worthy as the wife of one whom all the world loved and mourned. To them were born seven children, five of whom are still living, four boys and one girl. Mr. Garfield made his first political speeches in 1856, jn Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meet- ings, and became the favorite speaker wherever he was. During this year he was elected to the Ohio Senate. He also began to study law at Cleveland, and in i86r was admitted to the bar. The great Rebellion broke out in the early part of this year, and Mr. Garfield at once resolved to fight as he had talked, and enlisted to defend the old flag. He re- ceived his commission as Lieut. -Colonel of the Forty- second Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Aug. 14, 1861. He was immediately put into active ser- vice, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action, was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driving out of his native State the officer 'Humphrey Marshall) reputed to be the ablest of those, not educated to war whom Kentucky had given to the Rebellion. This work was bravely and speed- ily accomplished, although against great odds. Pres- ident Lincoln, on his success commissioned him Brigadier- General, Jan. 10, 1862; and as "he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army." He was with Gen. Buell's army at Shiloh, in itsoperations around Corinth and its march through .Alabama. He was then detailed as a memberof the General Court-Martial for the trial of Gen. Fitz-John Porter. He was then ordered to report to Gen. Rose- crans, and was assigned to the "Chief of Staff." The military history of Gen. Garfield closed with his brilliant services at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of the Major-General. Without an effort on his part Gey Garfield was elected to Congress in the fall of 1862 from the Nineteenth District of Ohio. This section of Ohio had been represented in Congiess for sixty year* mainly by two men — Elisha \Vhittlesey and Joshui, R. Giddings. It was not without a struggle that he resigned his place in the army. At the time he en- tered Congress he was the youngest member in thai body. Therii he remained by successive re- elections until he was elected President in 1880. Of his labors in Congress Senator Hoar says : " Sinct the year 1864 you cannot think of a question whicl. has been debated in Congress, or discussed before !» tribunel of the American people, in regard to whici you will not find, if you wish instruction, the argu- ment on one side stated, in almost every instance better than by anybody else, in some speech made in the House of Representatives or on the hustings by Mr. Garfield." Uixju Jan. 14, 1880, Gen. Garfield was elected to the U. S. Senate, and on the eighth of June, of llie same year, was nominated as the candidate of his party for President at the great Chicago Convention. He was elected in the following November, and on March 4, 1881, was inaugurated. Probably no ad- ministration ever opened its existence under brighter auspices tlian that of President Garfield, and every day it grew in favor with the people, and by the first of July he, had completed all the initiatory and pre- liminary work of his administration and was prepar- ing to leave the city to meet his friends at Williams College. While on his way and at the depot, in com- pany with Secretary Blaine, a man stepped behind him, drew a revolver, and fired directly at his back. The President tottered and fell, and as he did so the assassin fired a second shot, the bullet cutting the left coat sleeve of his victim, but in.licting no further injury. It has been very truthfully said that this was " the shot that was heard round the worl4 " Never before in the history of the Nation had anything oc- curred which so nearly froze the blood of the peop!" for the moment, as this avi'ful deed. He was smit- ten on the brightest, gladdest day of all his life, and was at the summit of his power and hope. For eighty days, all during the hot months of July and August, he lingered and suffered. He, however, remained master of himself till the last, and by his magnificent bearing was teaching the country and the world the noblest of human lessons — how to live grandly in the very clutch of death. Great in life, he was surpass- ingly great in death. He passed serenely away Sept. 19, 1883, at Elberon, N. J , on the very bank of the ocean, where he had been taken shortly previous. The world wept at his death, as it never had done on the death of any other man who had ever lived upon it. The murderer was duly tried, found guilty and exe- cuted, in one year after he committ'>d the foul deed. TIVENTY.FIRST PRESIDENT. 99 I HESTER A. ARTHUR, 5 twenty-first Presi'^.^iu of the ^^United States was born in Franklin Cour ty, Vermont, on thefiftiiofOc'obcr, 1830, and is the oldest of a family of two sons and five daughters. His father was the Rev. Dr. William Arthur, a Baptist d_rgyman, who emigrated to tb.s country from the county Ant.'im, Ireland, in his 18th year, and died in 1S75, in Newtonville, neai Albany, after a long and successful ministry- Young Arthur was educated at Union College, S( henectady, where he excelled in all his studies. Af- ter his graduation he taught school in Vermont for two years, and at the expiration cf that time came to New York, with $500 in his jx)cket, and catered the oflfice of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as student. After 1 being admitted to the bar he formed a parti\ership with his intimate friend and room-mate, Henry D. Gardiner, with the intention of practicing in the West, and for three months they roamed about in the Western States in search of an eligible site, but in the end returned to New York, where they hung out their shingle, and entered upon a success^ ful career almost from the start. General Arthur soon afterward mftxpcd the daughter of Lieutenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who was lost at sea- Congress voted a gold medal to his widow in recognition of the bravery he displayed on that occa- sion. Mrs. Arthur died shortly before Mr. Arthur s nomuiation to the Vice Presidency, leaving two children. Gen. Arthur obtained considerable legal celebrity in his first great case, the famous Lemnion suit, brought to recover possession of eight slaves who had been declared free by Judge Paine, of the Superior Court of New York City. It was in 1852 that Jon- athan Lemmon, of Virginia, went to New York with his slaves, intending to ship them to Texas, when they were discovered and freed. The Judge decided that they could not be held by the owner under the Fugitive Slave Law. A howl of rage went up from the South, and the Virginia Legislature authorized the Attorney General of that State to assist in an appeal. Wm. M. Evarts and Chester A. Arthur were employed to represent the People, and they won their case, which then went to the Supreme Court of the United States. Charles O'Conor here espoused the cause of the slave-holders, but b.e too was beaten by Messrs Evarts and Arthur, and a long step was taken toward the emancipation of the black race. Another great service was rendered by General Arthur in the same cause in 1856. Lizzie Jennings, a respectable colored woman, was put off a Fourth Avenue car with violence after she had paid her fare. General Arthur sued on her behalf, and secured a verdict of $500 damages. The next day the compa- ny issued an order to admit colored persons to ride on their cars, and the other car companies quickly CHESTER A. ARTHUR. followed their example. Before that the Sixth Ave- nue Company ran a few special cars for colored per- sons and the other lines refused to let them ride at all. General x^rthur was a delegate to the Convention at Saratoga that founded the Repubhcan party. Previous to the war he was Judge-Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and Gov- ernor Morgan, of that State, appointed him Engineer- in-Chief of his staff. In 1861, he was made Inspec- tor General, and soon afterward became Quartermas- ter-General. In each of these offices he rendered great service to the Government during the war. At the end of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and then Mr. Phelps, the District Attorney of New York, was added to the firm. The legal prac- tice of this well-known firm was very large and lucra- tive, each of the gentlemen composing it were able lawyers, and possessed a splendid local reputation, if not indeed one of national extent. He always took a leading part in State and city politics. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, Nov. 21 1872, to suc- ceed Thomas Murphy, and held the office until July, 20, 1878, when he was succeeded by Collector Merritt. Mr. Arthur was nominated on the Presidential ticket, with Gen. James A. Garfield, at the famous National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880. This was perhaps the greatest political convention that ever assembled on thecontinent. It was composed of the 'wading politicians of the Re- publican party, all able men, and each stood firm and fought vigorously and with signal tenacity for their respective candidates that were before the conven- tion for the nomination. Finally Gen. Garfield re- ceived the nomination for President and Gen. Arthur for Vice-President. The campaign which followed was one of the most animated known in the history of our country. Gen. Hancock, the standard-bearer of the Democratic party, was a popular man, and his party made a valiant fight for his election. Finally the election came and the country's choice .vas Garfield and Arthur. They were inaugurated vVlarch 4, 1881, as President and Vice-President. A. few months only had passed ere the newly chosen President was the victim of the assassin's bullet. Then came terrible weeks of suffering, — those moments of anxious suspense, when the hearts of all civilized na- tions were throbbing in unison, longing for the re- covery of the noble, the good President. The remark- able patience that he manifested during those hours and weeks, and even months, of the most terrible suf- fering man has often been called upon to endure, was seemingly more than human. It was certainly God- like. During all this period of deei)est anxiety Mr, Arthur's every move was watched, and be it said to his credit that his every action displayed only an earnest desire that the suffering Garfield might recover, to serve the remainder of the term he had so auspi- ciously begun. Not a selfish feeling was manifested in deed or look of this man, even though the most honored position in the world ivas at any moment likely to fall to him. At last God in his mercy relieved President Gar- field from further suffering, and the world, as nevei before in its history over the death of any othei man, wept at his bier. Then it became the duty ol the Vice President to assume the responsibilities ol the high office, and he took the oath in New York. Sept. 20, i88r. The position was an embarrassing one to him, made doubly so from the facts that all eyes were on him, anxious to know what he would do, what policy he would pursue, and who he would se- lect as advisers. The duties of the office had been greatly neglected during the President's long illness, and many important measures were to be immediately decided by him ; and still farther to embarrass him he did not fail to realize under what circumstances he became President, and knew the feelings of many on this point. Under these trying circumstances President Arthur took the reins of the Government in his ow.. hands ; and, as embarrassing as were the condition of affair? he happily surprised the nation, acting so wisely hat but few criticisea Viis administration. He served the nation well and faithfully, until the close of his administration, March 4, 1885, and was a popular candidate before his party for a second term. His name was ably presented before the con vention at Chicago, and was received with great favor, and doubtless but for the personal popularity of one of the opposing candidates, he would have been selected as the standard-bearer of his party for another campaign. He retired to private life car- rying with him the best wishes of the American peo- ple, whom he had served in a manner satisfactory to them and with credit to himself. -"^v , yi^i:rL£yr A TWENTY-SECOND PRESIDENT. 103 t0©er TEPHEN GROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty-second Pres- ident of the United States, was born in 1837, in the obscure town of Caldwell, Essex Co., N. J., and in a little two-and-a- f-story white house which is still standing, characteristically to mark the humble birth-place of one of America's great men in striking con- trast with the Old V/orld, where all men high in office must be high in origin and born in the cradle of wealth. Wlien the subject of this sketch was three years of age, his father, who was a Presbyterian min- ister, with a large family and a small salary, moved, by way of the Hudson River and Erie Canal, to Fayetteville, in search of an increased income and a larger field of work. Fayetteville was then the most straggling of country villages, about five miles from Pompey Hill, where Governor Seymour was born. At the last mentioned place young Grover com- menced going to school in the "good, old-fashioned way," and presumably distinguished himself after the manner of all village boys, in doing the things he ought not to do. Such is the distinguishing trait of all geniuses and independent thinkers. When he arrived at the age of 14 years, he had outgrown the capacity of the village school and expressed a most emphatic desire to be sent to an academy. To this his father decidedly objected. Academies in those days cost money; besides, his father wanted him to become self-supporting by the quickest possible means, and this at that time in Fayetteville seemed to be a position in a country store, where liis father and the large family on his hands had considerable influence. Grover was to be paid $50 for his services the first year, and if he proved trustworthy he was to receive $roo the second year. Here the lad com- menced his career as salesman, and in two years he had earned so good a reputation for trustworthiness that his employers desired to retain him for an in- definite length of time. Otherwise he did not ex- hibit as yet any particular " flashes of genius " or eccentricities of talent. He was simply a good boy. But instead of remaining with this firm in Fayette- ville, he went with the family in their removal to Clinton, where he had an opportunity of attending a high school. Here he industriously pursued his studies until the family removed with him to a point on Black River known as the " Holland Patent," a village of 500 or 600 people, 15 miles north of Utica, N. Y. At this place his father died, after preaching but three Sundays. This event broke up the family, and Grover set out for New York City to accept, at a small salary, the position of " under-teacher " in an asylum for the lilind. He taught faithfully for two years, and although he obtained a good reputation in this capacity, he concluded that teaching was not his lOd 5. GROVE R CLEVELAND. calling for life, and, reversing the traditional order, he left the city tc seek his fcr'n'^". •n-t^-r' o' n,r'i--r to a city. He first tnougnt ot Cleveland, Utiio, as there was some charm in that name for him; but before proceeding to that place he went to Buffalo to isk the advice of his uncle, Lewis F. Allan, a noted stock- breeder of that place. The latter did not speak enthusiastically. "What is it you want to do, my boy?" he asked. "Well, sir, I want to study lav," was the reply, "Good gracious!" remarked th« old gentleman ; " do you, indeed .' What ever put that into your head? How much money have you got?" "Well, sir, to tell the truth, I haven't got any." After a long consultation, his uncle offered him a place temporarily as assistant herd-keeper, at $50 a year, while lie could "look around." One day soon ifterward he boldly walked into the office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, of Buffalo, and told Ihem what he wanted. A number of young men were already en- gaged in the office, but Grover's persistency won, a id he was finally permitted to come as an office boy and Have the use of the law library, for the nominal sum of $3 or $4 a week. Out of this he had to pay for his board and washing. The walk to and from his uncle's was a long and rugged one; and, although the first winter was a memorably severe one, his shoes were out of repair and his overcoat — he had none — yet he was nevertheless prompt and regular. On the first day of his service here, his senior em- ployer threw down a copy of Blackstone before him with a bang that made the dust fly, saying "That's where they all begin." A titter ran around the little circle of clerks and students, as they thought that vras enough to scare young Grover out of his plans ; Out indue time he mastered that cumbersome volume. Then, as ever afterward, however, Mr. Cleveland exhibited a talent for e.xeculiveness rather than for chasing principles through all their metaphysical possibilities. " Let us quit talking and go and do t," was practically his motto. The first public office to which Mr. Cleveland was ejected was that of Sheriff of Erie Co., N. Y , in which Bu.falo is situated; and in such capacity it tell to his duty to inflict capital pi''.!shment upon two cainiinals. In t88i he was elected Mayor of the City of Buffalo, o'l the Democratic ticket, with es- pecial rsference to the bringing about certain reforms in the administration of the municipal affairs of that -'y- Tp ti.,:j. -ifR^e q^c Tvoll as that of Sheriff, his periormarjce ot duty has generally been considered fair, with possibly a few exceptions which were fer- reted oiit and magnified during the last Presidential campaign. As a specimen of his plain language in a veto message, we quote from one vetoing an ininui tous street-cleaning contract: "This is a time foi plain speech, and my objection to your action shall be plainly stated. I regard it as the culmination of a mos bare-faced, impudent and shameless scheme to betray the interests of the people and to worsj than squander the people's money." The New York Sun afterward very highly commended Mr. Cleve- land's administration as Mayor of Buffalo, and there- upon recommended him for Governor of the Enijiir^ State. To the latter office he was elected in 18S2, and his administration cf the affairs of State was generally satisfactory. The mistakes he made, if any, were made very public throughout the nation after he was nominated for President of the United States. For this high offi'^e he was nominated July II, 1884, by the National Democratic Convention a? Chicago, when other competitors were Thomas F. Bayard, Roswell P. Flower, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin F. Butler, Allen G. Thurman, etc.: and he was elected by the people, by a majority of about a thousand, over the brilliant and long-tried Repub- lican statesman, James G. Blaine. President Cleve- land resigned his office as Governor of New York in January, 1885, in order to prepare for his duties as the Chief Executive of the United States, in whii^h cajiacity his term commenced at noon on the 4th of March, 1885. For his Cabinet officers he selected the following gentlemen: For Secretary of State, Thomas F. Bayard, of Delaware ; Secretary of the Treasury, D.miel Manning, of New York ; Secretary of War, William C. Endicott, of Massachuse'ts ; Secretary of the Navy, William C. Whitney, of New York; Secretary of the Interior, L. Q. C. Lamar, cf Mississippi; Postmaster-General, William F. Vilas, of Wisconsin ; Attorney-General, A. H. Garland, of Arkansas. The silver question precipitated a controversy be- tweei^ those who were in favor of the continuance of silver coinage and those who were opposed, Mr. Clevela:;d answering for the latter, even before his inauguration. ,0 i?Ffl?r*^i /W^^d^ t^^a^^^^^i-<-'t^'-^ TWENTY-THIRD PRESIDENT. 207 Qon^am^in ^^k^m&on, W U^)::^:^ ..o♦o.■^§^X1®'••»♦«•"— iKNJAMIN HARRISON, the twenty-tliiid President, is the descendant of one of the historical families of this country. The head of the family was a Major General Harrison, one of Oliver Cromwell's trusted follow- ers and fighters. In the zenith of Crom- well's power it became the duty of this Harrison to participate in the trial of Charles I, and Afterward tc sign the de: world- fie 108 BENJAMIN HARRIS0N4 decided to go to Indianapolis, which was even at that time a town of promise. He met with slig'ot encouragement at first, making scarcely anj-thing the first year. He worlied diligently, applying him- self closely to his calling, built up an extensive practice and took a leading rank in the legal pro- i'ession. He is the father of two children. In 1860 Mr. Harrison was nominated for the position of Supreme Court Reporter, and tiien be- gan his experience as a stump speakei He can- vassed the State thoroughly, and was elected by a handsome majority. In 1862 he raised the 17th Indiana Infantry, and was chosen its Colonel. His regiment was composed of the rawest of material, out Col. Harrison employed all his time at first mastering military tactics and drilling his men, when he therefore came to move toward the East with Sherman his regiment was one of the best drilled and organized in the army. At Resaca he ospecially distinguished himself, and for his bravery at Peachtree Creek he was made a Brigadier Gen- eral, Gen. Hooker speaking of him in the most ■iomplimentary terms. During the absence of Gen. Harrison in the field he Supreme Court declared the office of the Su- preme Court Reporter vacant, and another person was elected to the position. From the time of leav- ing Indiana with his regiment until the fall oi 1864 he had taken no leave of absence, but having been nominated that year for the same office, he got a thirty-day leave of absence, and during that time made a brilliant canvass of the State, and was elected for another term. He then started to rejoin Sher- ffian, but on the way was stricken down with scarlet ;ever, and after a most trying siege made his way to the front in time to participate in the closing iccidents of the war. In 1868 Gen. Harrison declined r. re-election as reporter, and resumed the practice of law. In 1876 iie was a candidate for Governor. Although de- " ieated, the brilliant campaign he lEiade won ior him a National reputation, and he was much sought, es- pecial.y in the East, to make speeches. In 1880, as usual, he took an active part m the campaign, and was elected to the United States Senate. Here lie set-ved six years, and i^as known, as one oi the ibiest men, best lawyers wad strongest debaters in that body. With the expiration of his Senatorial term he returned to the practice of his profession, becoming the head of one of the strongest firms in the State. The political campaign of 1888 was one of the most memorable in the history of our country. The convention which assembled in Chicago in June ana named Mr. Harrison as the chief standard bearer of the Republican party, was great in evei-y jiartic- ular, and on this account, and the attitude it as- sumed upon the vital questions of the day, chief among which was the tariff, awoke a deep interest in the campaign throughout the Nation. Shortly after the nomination delegations began to visit Mr. Harrison at Indianapolis, his home. This move- ment became popular, and from all sections of the country societies, clubs and delegations journeyed thither to paj' their respects to the distinguished statesman. The popularity of these was greatly increased on account of the remarkable speeches made by Mr. Harrison. He spoke daily all Un-ough the summer and autumn to these visiting delega- tions, and so varied, masterly and eloquent were his speeches that they at once placed him in the foremost rank of American orators and statesmen. On account of his eloquence as a speaker and hi? power as a debater, he was called upon at an un- commonly early age to take part in the discussion of the great questions that then began tj agitate the country. He was an uncompromising ant: slavery man, and was matched against some of t-e most eminent Democratic speakers of his Stato: No man who felt the touch of his blade der'red tc be pitted with him again. With all his e'oq-'ence as an orator ho never spoke for oratoricaV effect, but his words alwaj^s went like bullets to the mark lie is purely American in his ideas and is a splec did type of the American statesman. Gifted wit'a quick perception, a logical mind and a ready tongue, he is one of the most distinguished impromptu speakers in the Nation. Many of these speeches sparkled with the rarest of eloquence and contained arguments of greatest weight. Many of his terse statements have alrcadj- become aphorisms. Origi- nal in tliought precise ia logic, terse In statement, yet withal faultless in eloquence, he is recognized as the sound statesman and brill Ian orator c tu^ day c-^ ='r:t(s) MONTGOMERY AND BOND COUNTIES, ILLINOIS. (B^ - -•H-1 ^' T IS •«i INTRODUCT^ORY.iK :&+- ^-^"?^ V HE time has arrived when it becomes the duty of the people of this county to jier- petuate the names of tiieir pioneers, lo furnish a record of their early settlement, and relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment o! the age and the duty that men of the pres- ent time owe to their ancestors, to themselves and to their posterity, demand that a record of their lives and deeds should be made. In bio- graphical history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time a safe vessel in which the names and actions of tlie people who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state may be preserved. Surely and rapidly the great and aged men, who in their prime entered the wilderness and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to tlieir graves. The number re- maining who can relate the incidents of tlie first days 3f settlement is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for tlie collection and |)reser- vation of events without delay, before all the early settlers are cut down by the scythe of Time, To l)e forgotten has hcnn the great dread of mankind from remotest ages. All will be forgotten soon enough, in spite of their best works and the most e.irnest efforts of their friends to perserve the memory of their lives. The means employed to prevent oblivi(jn and to perpetuate their memory has been in propor- tion to the amount of intelligence they possessed. Th ; pyramids of Egypt were built to perpetuate the names and deeds of their great rulers. ~ The exhu- mations made by the archeologists of Kgyi)t from buried 'Men-. phis indicate a desire of ihpse people to perpetuate the memory of their achievements The erection of the great obelisks were for th.e same purpose. Coming down to a later period, we find the Greeks and Romans erecting mausoleums and monu- ments, and carving out statues to chronicle their great acliievements and carry them down the ages. It is also evident that the Mound-builders, in piling up their gieat mounds of earth, had but this idea — to leave so iiething to show that they had lived. All t'.iese works, though many of them costly in the e.x- treme, give Init a faint idea of the lives and charac- ters of those whose memory they were intended to perjietuate, and scarcely anything of the masses of the i)eople tiiat then lived. The great pyramids and some of the obelisks remain objects only of curiosity; the mausoleums, monuments and statues are crum- bling into dust. It was left to modern ages to establish an intelli- gent, undecaying, immutable method of perpetuating a full history — ^immutable in that it is almost un- limited in extent and perpetual in its action; and this is through the art of printing. To the present generation, however, we are in- debted for the introduction of the admirable system of local biography. By this system every man, thougl he has not achieved what the world calls greatness, his the means to perpetuate his life, his history, ihrougli the coming ages. The scythe of Time cuts down all ; nothing of the physical man is left. The monument wliich his chil- dren or friends may erect to his memory in tlie ceme- tery will crumble into dust and pass away; but iiis life, his achievements, the work he has accom]jIished, which otlierwise w'ould be forgotten, is perpetuated by a record of this kind. To preserve the lineaments of our companions we engiave their portraits, for the same reason we col- lect the attainable facts of their history. Nor do we think it necessary, as we speak only tiuth of them, to wait until they are dead, or until those who know them are gone: to do this we are ashamed only to pubhsh to the world llie history of those whose li\'e'-' are unwc'-thy of public record. f5" fS' '=^\j(/'lA/-T^O i/H^'. C//i.a'>^y^'^i^<3 L.&dy bK\\ IS 11. TllOM ) usefulness .ind , of character anc EWIS II. THOMAS. As an example of the )rominenee to which men d determination may attain, it is but necessary to chronicle the life of Lewis II. Thomas, one of the representative a^ricultnrists and stock-raisers of IJois D'Arc Township, Mont- gomery C'luuitv. lie belongs to a highly cultnred and intellectual family, whose members all possessed superior intelligence and became distinguished in the different callings in which they engaged. Born in (ireene Connty, 111., May 24, 1827, he is the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Isley) Thomas, natives respectively of Soutli Carolina and Tenn- essee. W^hen a boy, the father went with his parents to Kentucky, and later went to Mad- ison County, 111., where he married Miss P>liza- betli Isley. In 1818, he removed from there to (ireene County, III., and liought (Tovernment land, paying therefor $I.2.j per acre. He was one of tlie first settlers of that vicinity and built the first log cabin north of Macoupin Creek. The original of this notice was reared to man's estate in his native county, amid scenes of [)ioneer life, and he was early inured to hard labor. His primary education was received in the snl)scriptii)ii schools of Oreeue County, and tliis was afterward supplemented by a course in Carrollton Academy. Since then he has been a great reader and observer and is well posted on all the current topics of the day. In the spring of 1851 he came to Montgimi- cry Country, having previously entered from the Government a large tract of land in what is now Bois D'Arc Townslui), and he lirst resided in a little board shanty. He liegan at once improving and developing the farm and later erected a sub- stantial frame house. The soil was rich and pro- ductive, and he being energetic and enterprising, everything prospered under his hands. The frame bnilding was replaced by a handsome brick struc- ture, but this was destroyed by fire, and in 1888 his |)res(;nt handsome brick residence was erected. Heading in the Prairie Farmer of the celebrated hedge fence then raised by Prof. Turner and others, he cringfield, Mo., who has served a nuinlier of terms as President of the School Board and is identified with all the iniblic interests of Springfield; Mrs. Arabella Lloyd, of Thomasville, III.; William E., who died in London, England, in 18!) I ; Thom.as, a retired farmer of Giiaid, 111., who served three years in the army; Richard, a blacksmith of Yirden, III., and an active worker in the cau.se of temperance, who has served a number of terms as a member of the Town Hoard and one term as Supervisor of his township, JNIaria, who died in AVales in 1852; Mary, wife of Robert Brooks, of Kane, 111.; Francis, wife of A. .1. Witt, of A'irdcn, 111.; Ann, wife of Calvin W. Tuunell, who died near Yirden in 1872; John, a banker of l''r\rmers- ville, who in a public ca[iacity has been Director of Schools, Supervisor of his township and has PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 121 settled more dead iiie]i'.s affairs th.-iii any citizen of Macoupin County; .Tames, a tvvin bi'otlier of Ileniy, wlio died in Viiden in 185G; lleniy, a prominent farmer and stoel<-raiser near (iirard; and George, a retired farmer near (iirard, wlio lias been Treasurer of the .State Grange for nearly twenty years. The members of the Ball family are ardent Re- publicans. The family is noted for its clearness of ])erccption, its keenness of insight, its largness of heart and its soundness of judgment. The fatlier of this family died eight months after the fam- ily came to America. The mother is still living, at the advanced age of eighty-eight 3'ears. Her mind is still active and she retains her intei-est in current events. ^\ WILLIAM n. TERRY, who controls and op- \r\ll erates a tine farm on sections 8 and 9, ^\y R.aymond Township, Jlontgomery County, was born near .Jersey ville, Jersey County, 111., on the IStli of November, 18.'58. The Terry family is of Welsh origin, some of the ancestors having come to America in the latter part of the seven- teenth century and located in Connecticut. It was in honor of this family that the old town of Terry ville. Conn., was named. Many of its members have been |)rominent in the history of this country'. The great-grandfather of our subject w.as with Washington at N'alley Forge and did good service in the War for Inde|iendence. (ien. Terrv, the noted Indian tighter, was also a member of the same family. After the Revolution, the Terry family went to Virginia, where Jasper M. Terr_y, the father of our subject, was born. When he was a small child ins parents removed to Kentucky, and in 18.32, when eighteen years of age, he came to Illinois and lo- cated in what is now Jersey County, liut was then (ireene County, lie .accumulated (piitc a large fortune prior tolas death, which occurred in 1876. Ills wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary A. Wagner, was a native of Allen County, K^-., and was of (ierman extraction. The Terry family numbered nine children, all of whom are yet living: John W. is a man of much learning and is a l>a[itist preacher by pro- fession. He was a missionary to Spain for many years and was there located in 18(18, when the .Spanish Government banished all Protestant mis- sionaries from tlie country. He then returned to the United .Slates and went to New Mexico, where he established the First National Bank at Socorro. He is now a wealthy liaiiker and real-estate dealer. Anslara K., A. O., T. ,1., and T. F. constitute the firm of attorneys and real-estate men who do Inisiness under the name of Terry l'>ros., in East .St. Louis. They are wealthy citizens and very prom- inent. A. O. is a graduate of Ann Arbor Univer- sity. T. J. and T. F. are graduates of Shurtleff College. Henry C. resides on the old homestead in Jersey County. Mary Emma is the wife of William Hatcher, a hotel kee|ier of Springfield, 111. F^-ances A. is the wife of Dr. E. Weir, of Ed wards ville. Our subject did not have the advantage of a college education as his younger brothers did, as when he was a youth, his father had not yet ac- quired his fortune, but he managed to olitain a fair English education in the schools of Jersey- ville, andis now a well-informed man. Ho .assisted his fatlier on the home farm until ^March, 18(;i, when he came to Montgomery County and located on a farm in what is now I'itm.-in Township. In De- cemlier of the same year, he married Miss Milberry .Sharp, a native of Macoupin County, III., whose parents came to this State in an early day from Ten nessee. After the breaking out of the late war, IMr. Terry abaudoncil f.arming to enter the service of his country. He enlisted on the 12th of August, 1862, in Company F, One Hundred and Twenty- second Illinois Infanti'v, of which he was commis- sioned Sergeant, and for three years he valiantly .served his C(Uintry, participating in many battles and engagements. When the war was over, he was honorably discharged, on the 8th c>f August, 1865. He then retuined to his home, where he 122 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. continued to reside until the spring of 1877, when, after his father's death, he removed to his present home. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Terr\- liave been born five children, naniel3-: Willi.am ,1., wlio is engaged in farming near Pana, III; Hcna wiio is engaged in teaching music; George L., an electrician; John Charles, a musician of much talent and the leader of the Raymond Band; and Fannie Agnes, a teacher of recognized ability in the public schools. Mr. Terry is a man of more than ordinary ability, and his success in life has come to him as the reward of his own efforts. Socially, he is a prominent member of the Grand Army, being Commander of Raymond Post No. 504. i^ii^ i — — ^^EORGE FOSTER is a well-known and suc- cessful farmer of Audubon Township, Montgomery County, and is a veteran of the Civil War. He was born in County Tyrone in the North of Ireland in 1838, being the youngest of four sons and next to the youngest in a family of seven children born to .James and Margaret Foster. His parents brought him to America when he was a child, consequently he knows no other land and is as loyal to the Stars and Stripes as if he had lieen born in Uncle Sara's Dominion. After emigrating to this country, his parents at once located in Scioto County, Oiiio, where his father secured employment in an iron foundry and at the same time cultivated a small farm, on which the family was reared. tieorge and his brotliers and sisters obtained such education as tlie common schools afforded. After the death of the husband and father in 1857, the widow with her children moved to Adams County, Oliio, where our sul)ject tilled the soil on a rented farm until the opening of the Civil War. On the2ythof July, 1862, his name might be found on the muster rolls of Company E, Ninety-first Ohio Infantry as a private. He was at once sent to Virginia and from there to Fayetteville, W. Va., where for nearly a year and a half they were holding the forts, doing garrison and scouting dut)'. They then started on a raid on the line of the Virginia A- Tennessee Railroad, their object- ive point being Dublin Depot, which they reached after a forced march of forty miles in one day. They burned the depot and railroad bridge and returned by w.ay of White Sulphur Springs, intend- ing to connect with Hunter at Staunton, but their supplies being cut off they had to again return to West Virginia to meet the supply train. They then proceeded on their way and joined Hunter at the above-named place. During the journey a small battle was fought at Lexington, and the enemy was driven in front of them to Lynch- burg. In the battle of Staunton Mr. Foster's regiment was in the advance and man}^ of its members were slain. They were then compelled to retreat, dur- ing which time the3' suffered many hardships, be- ing greatly in need of food. After reaching Parkersburg they took the train to Harper's Ferry, at which time they were under command of Gen. Sheridan, and with him took part in the bat- tle of Stephen's Station, not far from Winchester. The battle of Winchester next occupied their at- tenti(m, after which tliey crossed into Maryland and for some time thereafter were in camp at Harper's Ferry. After participating in a number of fierce engagements, the second battle of Win- chester was fought, and here our subject received an injury from the concussion of a shell and was sent to the hospital at Piiiladelphia. Later he re- joined his regiment, and during the following win- ter was on duty along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, in the vicinity of Cumberland, Md. In tiie spring of 1865 he was sent to Winchester, at which place the news of Lee's surrender reached him. He w.assoon mustered outat Columbiaand or- dered to Camp Denison, where he was discharged in 1865, With the consciousness of having served his country faithfully for three j-ears, Mr. Foster re- turned to his home and there remained about one 3ear, at the end of wiiicli time he located in Mont- gomery County, 111., where he worked as a farm hand until 1867. During that year he was united PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 123 in marriage with Miss Lucitta Pettingale, tlie daugliter of a proniinenl and well-to-do fai-mer. who was also a native of Ohio. At tlie (h'ath of her father she inlierited the lin(^ farm on which they are now residing in Audnlion Township. They are the parents of five children: Maggie E., a prominent scliool teaclier of the cnunty; Joseijh O.. who assists his father on the farm; llattic .1., Daisy and James Ross. Politically Mr. Foster has ever been a Ixepulilican. his first vote having been cast fur the martyred President, Aliraham Ijincoln. He is a memlier of the Grand Army of the Republic, liclonging to No- komis Post, in which he has held the oHices of Senior Wee, Junior \'ice and minor positions. As a soldier he was iirave, true and faithful; as a cit- izen lie is ])ublic-spirited. industrious and honor- able; as a tiller of the soil he is iirogressive, thrifty and energetic; and as a iiusliand and father he is kind, cnnsiderate and generous. His friends are many. Ins enemies few, and he is generous m aid- ins; those who are not so fortunate as himself. W OKON CASE. The name that heads this J (?^ sketch is that of one of the early settlers of jl LA\ ^\^j^ vicinit\', whose entire life in this county has lieen such as to win him the respect and esteem of all who are favored with his acquaint- ance. Coming here when the country was wild and un>ettled, he has borne his |)art in the devel- opment of the land and assisted in tiringing it to its present high rank among the counties of this choice section. Our suliject was born in Washington County, N. Y., Ajiril 6, 183.3, and his parents, Naoman and Mary (Foster) Case, were natives of the Kmpire State also. The paternal grandfather is said to have been a soldier in the Revolutionary War and fought for independence. Wlien about live years of ago, our subject came witii his parents to. the Buckeye State. They settled in Northwestern Ohio and there Loron Case remained until about fifteen years of age, when he started out to fight life's battles for himself. He first went to Wiscon- sin, where lie found employment on a farm and received as comiiensation -^'.i per month. He was thus engaged for about two years, when the rich soil of the I'rairie State caused him to settle within its borders. He first located in Greene County, but remained there a sliort time only, when became to IMontgomery County, and almost his first emiiloy- ment was assisting in setting out the first hedge fence, liois I) 'Arc hedge, for L. II. Thomas and also for S. K. Thom;is. On the 22d of Febiniary, IHCi.'i, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Sterling, a native of (>hio, who came with hci' iiarcnts to Illi- nois wln'u she was a small girl, and has since been a resident of tliis State. T<) Mr. anear,«. Whether the climate of their home tends to lon- gevity, or whether that fabled spring whose waters give everlasting youtli was shown this remarkalile man and his wife, can not be discovered, but true it is that the grandmother of our subject, the wife of the patriarch, lived seven years over a century. This certainly is a most interesting fact, and one of which the family (>( Mr. IJoberts is justly proud. The graiKlfather of our subject, ISenjamin Roberts, was a native of Virginia and came to Kentucky at an early day, even before the great Daniel Hoone performed such valorous deeds in that State. , The ancestry of the family was Eng- lish-Welsh, and that combination li.as always made a race which has borne well its part in the battle of life. The surviving niembeis of the family to which our subject belonged are a sister who bears gracefully her eighty years, and a brother who lives in Colorado and admits his seventy-six years as another might acknowledge his liftietli. Our subject was the eleventh child in a fainil\- of thirteen children, and was two years old when he came to Illinois. His first school experience was not very pleasant, as the two-mile walk through the woods was a long one for a child, and the place not very inviting when he reached it. The house was made of logs, the (juncheon scats A\eie hard, and the master made up in authority what he lacked in knowledge, and altogether the road to learning in those days was a hard one to traxcl. What education ihe children received was really earned. In the days of which this is written, when large families were the rule, as soon as boys grew to l)e of use their school da_ys were over. Tills was the case with our sul)je<'l, and his help was required on the farm because the whole work had to be done by manual labor, as this was before the days of machinery. .July 27, 1842, Mr. Roberts was joined in matrimony with Miss INIarv R. Wliite, who w.as ijorn and reared in Loudoun County, Va. This worthy lady bravely bore her part in the picuicer life of the day, and won the regard of all with whom she came in contact. .\fter his marriage, our subject located where the fiimily now resides. Me built a log house and there lived until the breaking out of the Mexican War. Then with i)atriotic fervor he enlisted in Company K, Third Illinois Infantry, and served for twelve months. Entering as (Corporal he was promoted to be Fourth Sergeant, and received his discharge at New Orleans in lcS4(). After the close of the war, he returned home, and by in- dustry became the owner of a farm of two liun- dred and fifty-two acres of land, all of which he cultivated. It was wood and prairie, luit he made a beautiful lioiiie out of what was once a wilder- ness. The beginning of Mr. Roberts" life was as that of many others of the self-made men of the county. His means were small, but he possessed energy, s.agacity, and an ainindance of industry, and has made himself the owner of one of the (inest farms in the county. Mr. and Jlrs. RoI)erts became the parents of the foUowingchildrcn: Mary E. is the wife of Hardin Elmore, whose sketch ajipears else- where in this work; .Tames H. is a merchant at New- port, 111.; Juiia Stark is the wife of Frederick Dun', of Bond County; Elizabeth, formerly the wife of l'\edei'ick Kimball, is now deceased, and of the three children that she left, one is married; George ^\^ died at the age of eighteen years; Richard S. and Stephen Douglas live in Bond County. Our subject was a general farmer and stock- raiser. He was a Democrat in his political faith, and was always ready to give his opinions upon the general to|iics of the day. The branch of the church known as the I'nitcd Bajilist was the re- ligious denomination with whiirli our subject af- filiated and in which he held the office of Deacon. He was prominent in his church for many years and contributed to its support liberally, while he also aided in the Sundav-school work. 12fi PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. One of the important families in Bond County bore the name of Gilham, and were the first settlers liere. At this time there are none of the old name to give a sketch, and as this family is connected by marriage with the family of the sub- ject, it does not seem out of place to insert it here. Charles Gilham built the first mill in the county, where is now Mulberry Grove, about five hundred yards northwest of Mr. Roberts' house. He was a prominent man, well regarded and re- spected b}' all, and was a member of the Presby- terian Church. A sister of our subject married Newton CTiJham, and one of his brothers married Sarah Gilham. All of these are now deceased. The full name of our subject is Richard Steph- ens Dorsey, and he was the namesake of a good old man, the family physician in the old home in Henry County, Ky. Our subject ever honored his name by his life. Throughout this beautiful and prosperous county, none were more highly re- garded in the neighborhood tiian he. —^ i>-^^- |'^-t\^>sV. « 'J -I 4' ■3^'^ ^.. '^, i'.' ■ :;% # ;# <-«*\'' *»■; *?i ** *^' f^' r i € ^ i- «^ ? •. VIE.W -'4ltdi^^k»d«'Mft*ME3^B>ft^vft,A )MAS. SEC. 10 . BOIS D'ARC TP . MO NTGOM TRY m II PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 135 OIIN P. DAVIS. Our subject is a native of Crawford County, I'a., wlicro he was horn March 10, l,S2.'i. Without doubt, liis y^!/' parents settled in that wild i)ortinn of what was then c(_>nsidered the West after having' fol- lowed in the wake of Washinj^ton 's exi)editioii thither, when he went to inspect the French force preparatory to centralizing the power of the Eng- lis'.i forces. The writer well appreciates the con- diti(nis of life at that time and [ilaee. Crawford County is among the foothills of the Alleghany Ridge; the winters are long and sevei'e and the summers too short for such crops as the farmers raise here in Southern Illinois. Tlie houses were l)uilt very differently then from what they now are, and it was not unusual fur the lads snatching the last forty winlis of their nnirning nap to find themselves in the winter time cdNcred with a downy blanket of snow, which had drifted through the cracks and openings of the attic roof. lUit these hardships proved to liave developed a sturdy race of men, to whom ordinary ditlicnlties are but small obstacles. Our subject's father was by name I)avi(] (i. Davis, and his mother's maiden name was Rlioda Craven. The former died m Crawford County, Pa. The widow removed to Montgomer.y County, this -State, where she passed away. Of a family of ten children, John P. was the eldest. lie was reared upon the home farm in his native county and State, remaining there until twenty-one years of age. Thence he went to Wilmington, Del., and during his residence in that State made good his time in learning the plasterer's trade, to which he served a faithful apprenticeship. Fur se\eral years he engaged in his trade in Wilmington and Is'ew Jersey, and then returned to his native place and was engaged in his trade for three years. The West was beginning to offer most, allui'ing inducements to the young men who had amliitions aliove the every-da.y routine, and of these dursub- ject was one. He came to Litchlield, this State, where lu' followed his trade for three years and then i)nrchased one liundred and twenty acres on section Id, of North Litchfield Township. Ilelins endeavored to make tliis his paradise on earth and it has been )iis home ever since. Ilis attention 6 has been given chiefly to general farming. The buildings upon his |>lace are very good, his house cozy and [ileasant, and his barns and outhouses in good repair. He has added to his (iriginal pur- chase until his acres now number two hundred and sixty. iMr. Davis' life has Ih'cu enrichecl by the com- panionship of a good wift'. Her maiden name was Ann Dolbow, and she is a native of S.ilem County-, N. J., where she was born June 23, 1820, the daughter of ( ialiricl and .Alary Dolbow. Our subject and his wife have reared six children to lives of usefulness and honor. The eldest child died in infancy. The remaining ones ai-e: C.eorge D., Gideon S., Wesley C., Orlenna, Charles O. and William J. Oilenna is the wife of S. R. Blackvvelder. Two sons .'ind a daughter reside in Pratt County, Kan. The original of this sketch lias lieen a faithful custodian of several of the minor ollices in the gift of the tovvnshi|>. In politics, he is a Democrat, and likes to think of the princi|)les of his party in tlie beaut\- and simplicit)' of its originator. P)Oth our subject and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal t'hurch, and have found great comfort in the social as well as religious associa- tions there encountered. f I * i i^^^^^i^^i^* ^^^IIOMAS G. LAWS. Among the shrewd, '(/{(^^ successful and far-seeing young business S^f men of this section is Mr. Thomas G. Laws, whose life of industry and u.sefulness and whose record for honesty and uprightiiess have given him a hold u|)oii the c 'iiimunity which all might well desire to share. He is ;i native-born resident of Montgomei'y County, 111., his birtli occurring in Fast Fork Townslii|i December .5, 18,'il, and the re|)ntalion he has enjoyed has been not only that of a wide-awake, thorough-going business man. but of an intelligent .and tliorouglily-posted man in all public atTairs. He is engaged in merchandising in Coffee.n, and is also a live-stock ."im} gmin dealer of considerable prominence; 136 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Mr. Laws is the eldest son and second child born to William and IMar.y (McC'aslin) Laws, both na- tives of Kentucky, the father born in Todd and the mother in Caldwell County. After their mar- riage, the parents settled in a little round-log house on sixty acres of raw laud, and immediately began making improvements. They experienced all the hardships of pioneer life, and lived to see the wilderness blossom like the rose. They now have a very comfortable home, and are enjoying the accumulations of previous years. Nine chil- dren were born to their union: Sarah E.,our sub- ject, Lucinda M., Alfred W., Fielding F., Mary E., Charles L., William II., and Albert P. (deceased). All these children were reared on the old home place. The father is a Repulilican in liis political views, takes an active part in all tiie laudable en- terprises, and is a public-spirited citizen. The youthful days of our subject were spent on the home place, and in addition t(i a common-school education he entered the Ilillsboro Academy, where his education was completed. He remained under the i)arental roof until his marriage in A[iril, 187;3, to Miss Sarah McCurry, a native of Mont- gomery County, 111. She died in 1878, leaving two sons, Clement and William, both at home at the present time. The second marriage of our sub- ject was tOJSIiss Nellie Wesner, a native of Fayette County, 111. This union has been blessed by the birtli of four children, two sons and two daugh- ters: Mary, Ralph, Gladys and V'ivian. Om- subject followed farming in East Fork Township for many years, and as he had been reared and trained to the duties of farm life from an early age, and understood every detail of the same, it was not to be wondered at that he was suc- cessful in that pursuit. However, he moved to Donnellson in 1880, embarked in the grain busi- ness, and remained there until 1889, when he moved to Coffeen, where he engaged in the live- stock and grain business. Later, he started a gen- eral store in connection with his other business, and is doing a very successful and prosperous busi- ness, lie ships to Toledo, IJaltimore and many other points, and is one of the leading men of the county. lie owns five buildings in CofTeen and the best business block in the village. He is widely and favorably known in the county, and fully merits the success which has attended all his enterinises. Like his father, he is a stanch sup- porter of the principles of the Keiuililican party and a useful and prominent citizen. Socially, he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and the Knights of Pythias. I^+^I "jf OIIN C. MrLEAN, Esq., is one of the most prtuninent and progressive farmers of the section in which he lives, as well as an hon- ored veteran of the late war. He resides in Lagrange Townshii), Bond County, and was born in Montgomery County, 111., .lune 13, 1843. His father, AVilliam R. McLean, was born in North Car- olina in 1823, and his grandfather was William McLean, a native of Scotland, who came to this country and settled in Guilford County, N. C, about 1800. He carried on farming there and died at an advanced age. The father of our subject was reared on a farm and came to Montgomeiy County in I84I, mak- ing the trip of course by wagon. Here he entered eighty acres of Government land and built a small frame house. This was one of the very first erected on the prairie in Hillsboro Township, and here he resided until his death in 1876. His gun was his trusty friend, and many were the deer he shot and the wolves he drove away. At his death Blr. McLean owned two hundred and forty acres of land which he had worked hard to secure and cultivate. His nearest market was St. Louis and to that city all grain and pork had to be hauled, and this necessitated a trip of five days with a night camp by the way. In 187(), he died, at the age of lifty-three years, after a useful and honest life. His religious convictions made him a Calvinist, and very strict was he in his ideas of right and wrong. In politics, he was a Whig, and latitr became a Republican, and at- tended to Ills duties as a citizen as faithfully as he performed every act of his life, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 137 Till' hkiUrt of our .sLiliject, Emily -T. Harry, was lioni ill Kentuuky, the StaU' llial is noted for its beautiful women, ami she was l)rout;ht to Jloiilgomery County when only a little girl. Her family consisted of ten children, and sevi'U of these j^rew up. They are: .lohn C., Samuel 11., \ancy .1., Mary J., .Joseph R., .Melissa .Land Ida E. ; This wtu'thy lady is still livinn' honori'd among her children, a devoted member of tlu^ Presbyter- ian Chnnth. Her father w.as Richard ISarry, a na- tive of Kentucky of (ieriaan extraction. His set- tlement in Montgomei-y County was among the lirst made there, and he liecaine the possessor of two hundred acres of land before his death. Our subject was reared on a farm and attended the old log schoolhouse with its inimitive ajipli- anees for educating the young of I ha I day, and he was among the most studious of the pupils. | \Vhen the Civil War l.irokc out Ik.' wa^ among the lirst to spring to tlie defense of his land, and Ojtobar 1, 18G1, he enlisteil in Couipan_y E, Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and was mustered in at St. l.ouis and served in the Western divi- sion of the army. He was one of the valiant men who fought at Ft. Donolson, and Pittsburg Land- ing, and siege of Corinth, and then was put on patrol dut\' along the railroads for a b.mg tJme; later he was in the battle at Little Rock and in the Meridian campaign with Shernian, an pension a month- After the war the farm seemed most attractive to Mr. McLean, and soiitli of Ilillsboro he carries on his agricultural i)ursuits. Seiitembcr 27, 18(!7, he married Mi^s Sarah E. Laws, who was a native of Montgomerv County, and eight children liave been added to the family, although iMiiina and.Ics- sie are numbered with the dead. Those li\-ing are Freddie, Uertie, Clarenc<', JCslie, Samuel and Char- ley. t)ur subject settled upon si.xty acres of the old homestead and bought sixty acres more where he lived until IS.SI, when he sold there and bought his present place in the spring of that year. Here he has one hundred and sixty acres, and about all of it is improved and our subject has done the most, of the clearing of it. He raises grain and line stock and not only farms his own one hundred and sixty but about as much more which he rents. Ml. and Mrs. McLean are uieiubcTs of ihe Cum- berland Presbytciian Chureli and in (hat connec- tion are highly regarded. In his [lolitical belief he is a Ivcpiiblican and he has been in his present olliee of .Tuslice of the Peace for the past four years. Also he is one (_>f the three Road Commis- sioners, having miles of road to oversee and is now serving his third term in that ottice. He is connected with tlie(irand Army of the Reiiublic Post in (treenville, and is one of the most highly regarded men of his section, his friends being legion. sa\(ilTRE .1. \V. WIHTLOCK. Prominently engaged in the leal-i'statc, loan and lu- ll'/ ))) surance businos in this city is Squire J. W. Whitlock, who is well established, and wh(_i has earned a well-merited re|)utation for the conscientious and cllleient niannei with which lie conducts all affairs entl■u^led Id his care. .VI- lliougli our subject has onlv ln'cii established here since ISIMl, his business has alreads taken a very impoitant liuld upon tlie coiiiiniinit-y, for m the vei\' nature of things it was impossible thai a man of such calibre as Mr, WhilJock could en- gage in any business without- making an indel- ible impression upon tlie favoralile opinion of the residents .-iiul business men of the locality. His business is far-re.acliing in its nature, and he has always on hi> list a niimlu'r ^^' is very proud. He was born here September 25, 1867, and is a son of Tliomas (J. Kcssinger, wlio was a (Honiinent set- tler and located here at an early day. IMr. Kes- singer, Sr., was born in Grayson County, Ky., January 1, 18:^2, liis family being of German ori- gin. Grandfather .Tosiah Kessinger. who is eighty 3'ears old, still lives twelve miles southeast of Litchfield. On first coming to this State, he set- tled near Soottvilie, Macoupin County, in 1837. There he resided for sonic time, engaged in farm- ing. Our subject's father made his home for a num- ber of years with his uncle, William I!. Peebles, of Sliaw's Point Township, and while there learned the blacksmith's trade. He married Miss Rebecca Chene_v, of Macoupin Count3', but born in New York ]\I.ay 5, 1834. After his marriage lie settled in Zanesville, this county, and was employed at his trade. He came here in 18.50, when the country was crude, the village having been platted in 1854. Here lie eslablislied a blacksmith shop. He was in early d.ays an Abolitionist, at a time when there were few with those views licre, and when it cost a man considerable to maintain his views. In 1870, he engaged in the general merchandise business and labored actively until near the time of his death, which occurred May IG, 18',)0. He left a widow and two children: .Tosiah S., now a mer- chant of Raymond, and our subject. Samuel Kessinger acquired his early education while under the home roof, and then attended Blackburn University at Carlinville, 111. He as- sumed proprietorsiiip of the Monitor ]\Larch 1, 1887, he being at that time the youngest editor in the State of Illinois. Mr. Kessinger carried on the main work of the sheet until September 1, 1891, when he became sole owner. The paper is now an eight i).age, six-column quarto. Itis based upon the Repulilican principles as far as politics are concerned, but, first of all, is a newsy sheet. It has a wide circulation tlirough the western part of Montgomery County, and also through the eastern part of Macoupin County. Our subject became a benedict June 27, 1888, at wliicii time he was united in marriage to Miss Bes- sie Caldwell, of Zanesville, daughter of Dr. G. W. Caldwell. Two children brighten and gladden their home, a boy named Harold, and a little girl called Ruth. Both Jlr. and Mrs. Kessinger are members ^)f the Methodist Episcopal Church. The latter, like her husband, is a graduate of Blackburn Tniversily. *^s*^=* ^ f^AMES T. STANSIFER. One of the most prominent men in the city of Litchfield, 111., is the gentleman whose well-known name opens this sketch. He represents the city as Alderman from the Third Ward, and is a mem- ber of the real-estate, insurance and loan firm of Wood & Stansifer. James T. Stansifer was born in Florence, Boone County, Ky., October 24, 1842. He was the son of Henry and Lucy (Richardson) Stansifer, and passed his childhood days there beneath the pa- rental roof. His father followed the occupation of carpenter, and was a man much respected in his community. His last days were spent in Boone County. The early education of c)ur subject was obtained in Boone County, but at the. age of fourteen years he left school and went to Auglaize County, Ohio, and located at "Wapakoneta, and remained in that town for a space of two jears. He then came to Ccntralia, 111., in the winter of 186(», and there en- listed in Company C, Twenty-second Illinois In- fantry, at first for State service and then for the three 3ears of the war. He was sent to Cairo, Bird's Point, and then with the Army of the Missis- sippi to New Madrid and Island No. 10. He was through the siege of Corinth (promoted to be Sec- ond Lieutenant), and was at Nashville under Gen. Palmer, and was then put into McCook's Division of Sheridan's Corps. He went through the Stone River campaign, and was one of the brave unfortunates who were wounded im the bloody field of Chickamauga. He was then discharged from the army for disability after a long and pain- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 141 • fill time in .tlio hospiliil. Tliis release was obtained Fehniaiy 27, 18(;4, and ho then lieeame a farmer in Jlontgomery County in this State. This occu- pation he carried on until August 1, IS'.IO, wlien lie went into his present partnership with Mr. Wood in the insurance and loan luisiness. Mr. Stansifer still owns a farm of one hundred and forty acres in Zanesville Townshii), which is well managed, although the residence of INIr. Stan- sifer is in LitchtiehL lie is also part owner of the Wood tt Stansifer Addition, and is a stockholder in the Homestead Loan Association. lie is a man of good business qualitications, and stands high in the commercial circles of the county. On November 18, ISiK!, Miss Abigail Barnett, of Barnett, Montgomery County, 111., became IMrs. James T. Stansifer, and three interesting children have l)een added to the household. They are Stephen II., Minnie and Albert R., all line repre- sentatives of the Prairie State. The family of Mr. Stansifer are consistent mem- bers of the Christian Church and followers of the moral precepts promulgated liy the great and good founder, Alexander Caiii|ibell. The war recorIant and the iiU)st iiiip(_iitant f the mate- rial for the large mills. Mr. Woodman has been one of the useful men of the community. He has accei>talily held the |»osition of .Mderinan descended the numerous families of that name now living in the United States. The mother of William A. Northeott, who bore the name of Mary Cunninghani before her mar- riage, was of Scotch ancestry, ller father. Dr., Cunningham, died when she was quite young. She was next to the youngest in a large family. One of her older brothers was a soldier in the War of 1812 and fought with Jackson at New Orleans. Sei)timiis, her youngest brother, was a soldier in the INIexican War and has never been heard from since that time. It has never been known whether he was killed in battle or taken prisoner. Her eldest In-other, James, like her fathci', belonged to the medical profession, and died at Mount Vernon, III., at the age of seventy-six years, leaving several children who now reside in that State. Mrs. Northcott's mother was a cousin (jf Mrs. Gen. Logan, who also liore the name of Mary Cunning- ham before her marri.age with the (ieneral. Mrs. Northeott was a woman of great energy and cour- age. While her husband was in the armv and a prisoner, she took care of her little family and so carefully managed her finances as to accumulate enough money to purchase a luime out of the sal- ary which her husband sent to her. That home- stead is still owned b}- the family. Her death oc- curred on the 5th of August, 1881, after an illness of several months. The subject of this sketch, William A. Northeott, is said to reseml)le his motlier very much in i)liv- sical appearance and is t'orlunate enough to pos- sess in a great degree her energy and concenti-ation of purpose. From his father he inherited a taste for literature, i>ublic speaking and writing. He attended schoiJ at the Xorthwi'stern .Vcadenn-, in 148 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Clarksburg, W. Va., until thirteen years of age. He was then a [lage in the State Senate at Wheel- ing, W. "N'a., fur twojears, and there cultivated his taste for public speaking and his love of parlia- mentary- debate. In Sepleinber, 1869, he entered the United States Xaval Academy, at Annapolis, Md., where he remained until June, 1873. During this time, he made several voyages on the Atlantic, visiting parts of Europe, the Madeira Islands, and also going to portions of British America. From 1873 to 1877, he taught scliool and studied law at Clarksburg, W. Va. In July, 1877, he was admitted to the Bar and after practicing law with consider- able success in tliat State, lie removed in June, 1879, to Greenville, III, wliere lie has engaged in the practice of law up to the present time. In 1888, the President appointed him as Supervisor of the Census for the Seventh l^istrict of Illinois, which position he filled to the great satisfaction of the department, and for his services received a very complimentary letter from Su[)t. Walker. In April, 1882, our subject was elected States Attorney of Bond County, which position he still liolds. In June, 1890, the President selected him to serve as a member of the Board of Visitors of the United States Naval Academy. On this com- mission were such distinguished men as Admiral Kiinberly, Senators Hale and IMaekburn, Congress- men Boutelle, Wallace, Rush and others. At the same time tlie newly-elected Senator of New Hampshire, Mr. Gallinger, also served on this board. j\Ir. Northcott was selected as the orator to deliver the address to the graduating class by the vote of this board. This was a high honor to be thus selected from such distinguished men. So well did Mr. Northcott fulfill the task assigned him that his address was generally considered to be one of the finest ever delivered on such an oc- casion. It was published and favorably com- mented upon in most of the leading papers of the countrv. He is an orator of considerable note and is always active on the stump in every campaign in behalf of the Uepulilican parly. In 1884, he spoke at Centralia and Belleville with Gen. Logan and was continuously in the campaign of that year and also in that of 1888. He be- lieves strongly in the protective tariff and in the principle that the right of the Federation is superior to the right of the State. While he is earnestly devoted to the Republican part}', he is not a rad- ical partisan and is so fair in his relations to his Democratic acquaintances that he has always polled a large Democratic vote in his political contests. As a lawyer, Mr. Northcott is ver^' successful, being earnest and indefatigable in his labors for his clients, and by this means he is enabled to win in a large majority of cases, and is engaged on one side or the other of nearly every case on the docket of courts in this count}'. He also takes an active i)art in the real-estate business and is one of the hardest workers in Greenville, but he has his various business interests so systematized that they are all conducted in a proper manner. In jNIarch, 1880, Mr. Northcott married Julia A. Dressor, the daughter of Nathaniel Dressor, the largest land-owner of Bond County and President of the First National Bank of Greenville. Mrs. Northcott departed this life on the loth of March, 1881, leaving an infant son who is still living. In September, 1882, our subject married his present wife, whose maiden name was Ada Stoutzenburg, of Marine, 111., and by this union has been born one child, Amj- Allen, now five years old. The child of the former marriage is Nathaniel Dressor Northcott. Our subject and Ins worthy lady have a very pleasant home and they delight to enter- tain their many friends and visitors. Mrs. North- cott is a musician of considerable reinitation and comes from a family noted for their musical abili- ties. The families of both our subject and his wife are members of the Kiiiscopal Church. Mr. Northcott had three biothers and two sisters, of whom all survive with the exception of one sister. Mrs. Naomi Everett is the Principal of the High School at Iluntiiigton, W. Va. In the sum- mer of 1890, the readers of the Cincinnati Post voted for the most popular lady teaclier in the States of Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia and Ken- tucky. The Post promised to give a free trip to Europe to the one receiving the highest number of votes. Mrs. Everett was the proud recipient of one hundred and seventy-live thousand votes and was therefore awarded the prize. G. A. Northcott, although onl}' a young man, is at the head of a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 149 large cluUiing t'St;ibli.slinu'nt in Huntington, W. "\'a. AnoLliei- brother, Robert II., is Cashier of a lianlv at Alvron, Colo. The ^youngest brother. EUicitt, is studying law in the University of ISIichigan, at Ann Arl)<^)r. On the 13th of November, 18i)0, Mr. Northeott was elected Head Consul of the i\Ioderii Woodmen of America. This places iiini at the head of the largest fraternal insurance society in the North- west, comprising in its membership fifty thousand of the best citizens of the States of Illinois, Mich- igan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North and South Da- kota, Iowa, Nebraska and Kansas. I'ntil tliesum- nu'r of 1888, Mr. Northcott had never been a mem- ber of secret societies, but since that time has united with the Modern Woodmen of America; tlie Odd Fellows; the Masons; Knights of Pythias and Sons of ^'eterans. m-^-^^i t^^L. B. MUNDAY, .lit. The gentleman of whom ., we write is the pleasant and obliging Manager ^^^' of the Western Union Telegraj)!! Olllce at Litchfield, 111., and he has held this [losition for nine years. Our subject was born in Milledgeville, Ga., June 17, 18G3, and is the son of C. P>. and Victoria (Bivins) Munday. His father vvas engaged in gen- eral merchandising in his native i)lace. Our sub- ject went to South Carolina when he w.as twelve years old, and then by himself he made his w.ay to Tipton, Ind., where his education was finished. He went into the drug business while at Tipton, and remained there for two years, but in 1883 he caiue to this place and engaged in telegraphing. He had learned this craft in South Carolina, and from the time of his arrival he took charge of the oflice here. He employed then three men, but now the business has so increased that it is necessary to keep a force of five men. He has charge of the dis- trict between Alhambra and Siiringtield, on (he St. Louis (V Chicago Railroad, and the St. Louis ;ind I'eoria lipes, There is so much activity in this dis- trict that the Manager finds little time for play, but he has so arranged his affairs that he can real- ize profits from other lines of business in which he has a silent interest. Among these we may men- tion the Munday l!ros. and the Threshing Ma- (;hine Companies, in each of which he was one of the original stockholders. The former was incor]ior- ated early in 18;)2 with a capital stock of $1,5,- 000, and is doing a general grain and brokerage business. He is also interested in the two city Building and Loan Associations, and in the North and South Chicago .Vssociation, in which he is the A'ice-president of the local board. Mr. Munday has taken a great interest in the educational affairs of the city, and at present is Seeietarv of the Board of Kducatiiui. Our subject was niairied .January .31, 1883, to Miss Bride Buseher, of Atlanta, Ind.. and three bright little ones are nfiw members of the family: (tUV,. Joseph and Mary. The Roman Catholic Church of St. iNIary's claims the family of our subject as members. In his dealings with his fellow-citizens, Mr. Mund.ay has shown a public spirit, that has made him to be regarded with I'espect, and in his social relations he is one of the principal factors of Litchfield society. His relations with his employers have been of the pleasantest nature, and their reliance u[)on his fidelity and ability is shown in the many years of service which they have required of him. ^p^P^ORGE B. TRA\'E1{S. a representative II (^— farmer and stock-r;iiser of Pitman Town- \^^l ship, living on section 7, is a native of Dorsetshire, England, who was lK)rn December 22, 1828, and was the son of Joseph and Eliza Travers, both of whom were natives of lOngland. Our subject was reared to years of maturity in his native county and was taught the |)rinci|)les of good farming. He went to school in England, but was interruptet] in his education, so tljat his 150 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. knowledge is almost all self gained. The father thought that America would give the familj- better opportunities than did Britain, so they took ])as- sagc at Liverpool, England, in 1850 for the United States and arrived in New York City after a trip of twenty -four days. The "greyhounds" of the ocean were not yet built, and scarcely conceived of in tiie brains of the daring navigator. The destination of the Travers family was Macoupin County, and thither the}- came as soon as the}' landed in Illinois. The^' were among the early settlers, but the father and mother did not live long enough in the new land to enjoy the re- sults of their venture, the mother dying in 1851, and the father, missing her encouragement, died in 1855. The children who survive are George B., Joseph, Mathew, James; Eliza, the wife of Henry AVeiss; and Elizabeth, the widow of John Morris. After arriving in Illinois, our subject began work on a farm, and engaged with Henry Law, of Macouijin County, to work for ^11 per month. After the death of his father, our subject as- sumed the management of the family, and lie- came their mainstay. To him they all looked for assistance, and nobly did he iierform the offices of both parents. His marriage took jilace June 9, 1858, to Miss Frances J. Swafford, born in Kentucky, the daughter of Hiram and Mary (Huds|)eth) Swafford, her parent;* being early settlers of Macoujiin County, 111. To Mr. and Mrs. Travers five children were born: Albert E., Edwin C, George E., Frederick J., and Jennie M. For several years after marriage our subject farmed as a renter in Macoupin County, but in 1869 he moved to Montgomery County and set- tled on a farm, and there he now resides. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, and this is a reward of honest labor. He commands the re- spect of all who know him and his example shows to otiiers what may be accomplished in overcoming adverse circumstances. In his political opinions Mr. Travers is a Rc^publican and always votes with the parly which he thinks protects the inter- ests of the poor man in his efforts to better Ins condition. The I'atrons of Husbandry, an agri- cultural a.ssociation, claims Mr. Travers as a valued member, and for twenty years he has served his township as School Director. For nearly two years he has been the efficient Highway Commis- sioner of Pitman Township and for one year he acted as Township Collector. The success of Mr. Travers' life has been obtained through honest in- tegrity and persevering labor, and his whole career has marked him as a man in whom his fellow- citizens can take pride. "^=^^>^)^^ ON. EDWAKl) LANE. The Buckeye State has given to Montgomery Count}', 111., many estimalile citizens, but she has con- tributed none more highly respected, oi', for conscientious discharge of duty in every rela- tion of life, more worthy of respect and esteem than lion. Edvvai'd Lane, a prominent lawyer of Hillsboro. lie is at present Congressman of the Seventeenth District of Illinois, and is discharg- ing the duties of his oflice with ability, fidelity and excellent judgment. At an early age he was left an orphan, and it was through his own efforts that he acquired a good education, his entire ca- reer being such as to win him the respect and esteem of all who are favored with his acquaint- ance. He is a self-made man in every sense of the term, and although his experience in life has been a varied one, it is at the same time one that reflects only credit upon him as a man. Mr. Lane is a native of Cleveland, Ohio, as were also his parents, John and Catherine Lane, both of whom are now deceased, the father dying when a young man, or in 1846. He was a very successful business man, and was engaged in mer- •» chandising in his native city at the time of his death. Five children were born to their union — three daughters and two sons — and all grew to manhood and womanhood. When but four years of age, our subject was left an orphan, and he drifted along, caring for himself, until he caine to Montgomery County, 111., this being when he was about sixteen years of age. I!e first found em- ployment in a lively stable in Hillsboro, and then PORTRAIT AN[) BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 151 worked in a brickyard for some time. Realizing that a Vietter education was necessary, this ambi- tious \<)iing gentleman entered IlillslH)ro Academy, and iiy the money obtained b3' day work, attended the school for four \'ears, thus laying the founda- tion for his subsequent prosperims career. When tweiit_y-t\vo years of age, 3'oung Lane ciinmicnced the study of law, and at the same time taught a country school, to furnish him with the necessary funds to carry on his legal studies. On the 1st of February, 18fi.'), he was admitted to the liar, and commenced practicing in Ilillsboro, where many able and eminent lawyers graced the Bar. Thus surrounded, the young lawyer saw the difli- culties in his path, but with a /.eal, earnestness and perseverance rarely equaled, he applied himself to the intricate labors of his profession, and soon liecame one of the alile^^t lawyers in the district. His superior abilities being recognized, he was elected City Attorney in 18G7, and held that posi- tion several 3'ears. Two years later, he was elected County .ludge, and held that position for four years. He not only acted as .ludge, but he was a .ludge in every true acceptation of the term — lii'm, digiiitied and courteous to the memlters of the liar, and polite, impartial and just to litigants. It is safe to say that no County .ludge in Illin(iis ever commanded more respect, or filled the oflice with more distinguished ability. His decisions on legal (piesti<)ns always commanded the highest respect, and his clear, strong intellect and excel- lent command of the English language enaliled him to make the simplest luulerstand the principles fu UMciated. In the capacity of practitioner, .Judge Lane is eminentl3' successful. Fluent, easy .•ind strongly argumentative, his speeches to courts and jiu-ies rarely fail to carry conviction. In 1.S71, he was elected Supervisor, filled that oflice one term, and in 1 ,SS(i was elected t.o Congress, and is now serving his third term. He is an eminent man, and an orna- ment to the Ik'uch and Bar of lllinius, whose sky is studded with so many luminousnames. Neither diu- ing his early struggles for an education, nor in sub- se(|uent years, has .ludge Lane ever gone m debt, and one of his I'ainiliar sayings is, '"Debt m:dwnship. resiiles on section li», where he has a line farm and an elegant home. Born in the kingdom of Prussia, on the 7th of November, 1.S4.">, lie passed his early youth in his native land. He was the youngest of the fam- ily of three children born unto Charles and Char- lotta Gartner. His father died vvhen William was only six months old, and his two sisters died ill this country. His mother mairied again, be- coming the wife of Heiir\- Stockamp. and to them was born one child. Our subject aequii'ed a good education in the schools of his native land, and in I.s.V*, when thir- teen years of age, came with his mother and step- father to Ameiica. The family loeafed in South Litchfield Townshi[), wIumc for a short time Will- iam attended the public sehools, but he was soon oliliged to begin life tor himself. His mother dierl at his home in ISi;;). Mr. Cartner entered upon his business career as .n farm hand, working by the month for live yeai-s for small wages. In 1864 having acijuired a small (•.•4)ital, he made his first purchase of land, consisting of eighty acres, which formed the nuch-us of his (iresent line farm. He is now"one of the extensive farmers of the com- munity. His first home was a little frame house I'ixll feet, and in it. with him. lived his mother and step-father. This dwelling still stiinds upon the farm, and, in contrast to his present beautiful 152 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and commoflious residence, indicates the enterprise and well-directed efforts wliicli have brouglit iiim success. From time to time he lias added more land until now he owns four hundred acres, which are under a high state of cultivation. All tlie ac- cessories of a model farm may there be found, and the place is complete in all its appointments. As a companion and helpmate on life's journey, Mr. Gartner chose Miss Mary Schweppe, also a na- tive of Prussia. Their union was celebrated in 1869 and unto them have been born two children: Ilenr}' W., who was born February- 11, 1873, and William P'., who was born .January 5, 1877. The family are all members of the German Lutheran Chuich, and are highly i-espected people, who hold an enviable position in so(!ial circles. Mr. Gartner is a stanch Republican in politics. He has made a study of the historj' of the two parties and is an earnest advocate of the ))rinciples which he endorses by his ballot. He has filled the office of School Di- rector for a number of years, and the cause of edu- tion finds in him a warm friend. His success in life has all been acquired through his own efforts, and he certainly deserves great credit for the fact that through his industry and enterprise he has won the property which is to-day his. His exam- ple is well worthy of emulation, and we are pleased to enter this record of his life in tlu^ history of his adopted county. •i•=•J•=•^ ^]i—^ N- RANDLE. The first (piesUon that ''^^ agitates a public is the question of food supplies, and it can- but be admitted that the well-ap(iointed grocery store is the l)rincipal factor in solving the pi'oblcm. Due refer- ence is made to the sul)stanlial and well-conducted house of which Mr. i^indlc is the proprietor, and whiiih has gained in populjir favor until it is one of the leading concerns of the kind in the county. He was born in Jersey County, this State, January I 'J, 1842, on a farifl near the town of Jersey vUle, a son of James G. and Jennie (White) Randle, the former being of Scotch descent. Just when his ancestors settled in this countrj' is a matter of con- jecture, but there is little doubt that his grand- father, Peter Randle, was born in North Carolina about the close of the Revolutionary War. In that State, James G. Randle was also born, in 1811, and in 1820 he and his parents are found on the bleak prairies of Illinois, near what is now Ed wards- viile, Madison County. About the year 1832, they took up their abode in Jersey County, and here James G. was married to Miss White, who was born in tliis State, to which her, parents emigrated from Georgia at an early day. Both James Randle and his wife lived to a ripe old age, the former passing to his reward in Nokomis in 1879, and the latter in Jer.sey County about 1875. H. N. Randle was brought up to a knowledge of the calling of agriculture and received a fair com- mon-school education. At the age of eighteen years, he commenced to learn the mason's trade in Jerseyville, which occupation he successfully fol- lowed in that place and in Nokomis until about ten 3'ears ago, when he entered the extensive establishment of G. S. IJpstom, of Nokomis, as manager of his grocery department, whei-e he con- tinued for eight years, his services being very sat- isfactory and highly appreciated b^' his employer. At the end of this time, he established himself in the grocery and queensware business on his own account and brought, besides energy' and intelli- gence, long experience to bear, evidence of which is amply attested by the libersil patronage he already controls. To show in what high esteem he is held by his townsmen and fellow-citizens, it is but necessary to state that for four years, ending in the spring of 1892. he w.as Mayor of the town, and has held the othce of Town Clerk, Tax Collector, and is at present filling the office of Assessor. He has always been a Republican of pronounced t\pe, as was his father before him. His grandfalhei- abhorred the institution of slavery so much that it w.as his chief reason for leaving his native .Stale. H. N. Randle has been married twice, his first union being celebrated in 18fit in Jersey County, 111., Miss Catherine Irwin, n dauglitei' of Samuel C. Irnin, becoming his wife. She was iiorn in Jersey- >f*^^ 't 0^^i^-iy)>-cf PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORD. 155 C'dimiy •■iiicl (lic atten- tion to farming and stock-raising, making the han- dling of Sliort-horu cattle a s|>eciall-y for a time. The first wife of our subject was a sist<'r of Judge Philli|i>. She was unitccl in marri;ige with Mr. Brewer November 17, 1857, and died in 18()7. She was the mother of four children, all of whom are deceased. Mr. lirewer's second marriage took place .luly It, 1875. His bride was the daughter of (i. ^^ Brookman and the widow of W. W. Brown. This estimable lady is a nati\e of Hills- boro and has two children by her first marriage: Kllen. wifeof Otto Walter, of Omaha; and .1. T. 156 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPffiCAL RECORD. Brown, a resident of Hillsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Brewer have one daughter, Mary. Our subject owns five valuable farms, much of the land being under a high state of cultivation. Three hundred and sixt3'-four acres are located on section 14, Hillsboro Township; three hundred and twenty in East Fork Township; eighly on section 26, Irving Township; about one hundred and twenty on section r>. Hillsboro Township; and eighty on section 34, Hillsboro Township. Besides these extensive fanning properties, Mr. Brewer owns a v.aluable business block and other city real estate. Following in the footsteps of his hon- ored father, he is a Republican in politics. He is a worthy member and Tiustee of the Methodist Church, one of the oldest religious organizations in tlie cit}'. Mr. and Mrs. Brewer are foremost in .social and church enterprises, and active in all good works. 4^ ' NDREW B. COBELAND, who is engaged 'MOI in general merchandizing in Walsh ville, If li has spent his entire life in this county, hav- 1^^ ing the honor of being one of its native citizens. He was born in Grisliam Township, .lune .30, 1835, and is a son of Samuel H. and Nanc}- H. (Gray) Copeland, the former a native of Ken- tucky, and the latter of Tennessee. Both father and mother came to Illinois in 1828. They were married in the year 1834, locating upon the farm wliere oursubject wasliorn. Their family numbered three daughters, but only one is now living: Elizabeth M., wife of A. T. Strange, who resides near Walsh- villc. The father of this family died in lH47,and the mother afterward became the wife of (ieorge Forehand. By tlieir union were born four children, three of wIkjiu arc yet living: Emma ()., wife of G. II. Webster, of Nokorais; Unity .1., wife of Franklin Morrison, of Soreiito, Bond County; and (Tcorge H.. of Denver, Colo. The subject of this sketch was quite delicate in his voutli, and as he had to ride oi) Ijcirseback five miles to school his educational privileges were nec- essarily limited, but b\' reading, observation and experience in later years he has made himself a well-informed man and keeps himself well posted on all Lhe current events of the day. His first business training was received as clerk in a drug store in Hillsboro, where he was employed for four years. In 1861, he engaged in clerking in the store of C. T. Hodges, of Walshville, where he was employed for one year, when, in 1892, he became proprietor of this store and is now carrying on general merchandising. Previousl}' he also engaged in agricultural pursuits tiiirty years, from 1862 to 181)2. On the 1st of January, 1884, Mr. Copeland was married to Mrs. Sophronia Butler, nee Canon. They have but one child, Edgar Boone. In Grlsham Township they have a very pleasant home and the parents are highly respected citizens. Mr. Copeland has faithfully served liis fellow-citi- zens as Justice of the Peace for twelve years, was Treasurer of the school for a period of six years, and has also filled the office of Constable. In pol- itics he is a stalwart Republican, and in his social relations is a Mason, belonging to the lodge of Walsiiville, of which he is Treasurer. In the line of general merchandising, Mr. Copeland has had much experience. Since he started in business for himself, his trade has constantly increased, and by his fair dealing and courteous treatment he has secured a liberal patronage, which he certainly well deserves. !^ MLLIAM H. GUTHRIE. "All the world's \rJ/l a stage, and all the men and women in it \yxv i)layers." It matters not whether the fig- ure that one presents on the stage is in central position, or whether it is but a tiny part that goes 10 make the whole perfect, if it is filled to the best of the player's ability he deserves as much credit flS though he were Uic hero antic haiipiness. Thev :u(>, .lohn ()., .loseph M. (deceased ), l.uelln. Laura ])., Dennis E. and Lizzie M. In the fall of 1861, our suliject came to Mont- gomerv County and sett|ey this union six children were added to the family: Emma Alice, who died when an interesting baby of a year old. Hattie also died when young. .John C., who was born November 6, 185() is a graduate of the State University of Champaign, 111., and is now Assistant Cashier of the Western Bank and Trust Com- pany, at Piedmont, S. I). .lames Rufus, who was born April 22, 1858, was educated at the Creen- ville High School, linishing at the State University at Cham[)aign. He married Leona Conkling, and they have two children. He is now engaged in the carriage manufacturing liusiness in Puebk), Colo. William F., who w.as born July IG, 1861, and who alM) received the advantages of a good education, graduating .at the 15iisiiiess College at (Ireenville. 162 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAIHICAL RECORD. now looks after his father's farm. He was married October 2.'), 1892, to Miss Callie Car^'. Lucy J., who was born ;\Iareli i), 1SG6. is a graduate of the High School at Cxreenville, 111. and received vale- dictorian honors at that place. Slic for five years has been engaged in teaching. j\Ir. Dressor is a prominent figure in the Prohi- bition party. He was formerly a Republican, but although a lifelong temperance man, he felt that a greater stress should be laid upon the purity of personal life as I'egarding National politics. For one term he was the incumbent of tlie olHce of Associate County Judge. His father had held the office of Township Treasurer from the time the township was organized until his death, when Francis Dressor was elected. Our subject and his wife arc members of the Presbyterian Church, he having been an Elder in the same for twenty years. He has also Ijeen a great Sunday-school worker and for the past six years has been County Superinten- dent of Sunday-school Conventions. He is tlie present President of the District Sunday-school Association and devotes much of his time to tliis work. His fine farm, which comprises three hun- dred acres, is the site of a beautiful home, in which comfort reigns supreme. ^f?OIIN PRICE, a veneralile pioneer of Grisham Township, Montgomerj' Count}', III., now residing upon section 11, is supposed to be the oldest settler in that por- tion of the country. He was born in Wayne Coun- ty, Ky., August 22, 1816. For three-score years his life has liecn full of activity and incident. Thrown upon his own resources at fifteen 3ears of age, he bravely faced the world, his sole capital a stout heart and willing hands. The father of our subject was drowned when John was but eight years old. His mother was a native of the South, and a woman of courage and resolution. She had borne live children and bravely shared the hardships of her husband's life. He died a poor man and left his family unpro- vided for. Overcoming all obstacles with patient endurance, tlie widow journeyed with her children to Illinois, locating in what is now Ilillsboro Town- ship. Toiling and saving to keep the wolf from the door, the mother yet spared a little monej' to send John to the subscription school in the neigh- borhood. Judge Kountree gave our subject his first em- ployment. The lad was handy and soon learned to make rails and handle the carpenter's tools. He made the sixteen thousand shingles that covered the second court house in the county. As time passed on he pros[iored and made a home of his own. Ellen N. Loving was the name of the lady he chose for a wife. She was born in Simpson Count}', Ky., JIarch 2, 1824, and was there- fore but seventeen years of age when she was mar- ried to John Price, April 22, 1841, but she had grown up amid the scenes of pioneer life and un- derstood well the ways of the household. Mr. Price took his young wife to a forty -acre farm in (Jrisham Town:^hi|i, section 9. There was a little log house, 12x14 feet, and a little log stable in the rear. Only twelve acres of the farm were under cultivation, the rest being un- broken prairie. In about a year Mr. Price traded this property for another farm of sixty acres on section 22, of the same township. Upon this farm our subject and his wife remained for years con- tented and happy. Finally the}' removed to their present location, on which there is some fine tim- ber. There was the usual primitive cabin on the land, and in this humble home the family dwelt until in 1855 Mr. Price built his present residence, hauling all the timber from Alton, a distance of forty miles. Mr. and Mrs. Price have had fourteen children, nine sons and five daughters. Of this large family eight survive: George W., of Montgomery County; Mary C, wife of D. S. Clotfelter, of Ellis, Kan.; John E., who is a widower and lives with his pa- rents; Thomas S., of Uond County 111.; Isaac K., of Mead Centre, Kan.; James E., of Donnellson, 111.; Joseph A., of Montgomery County, and Martin C, supposed to be in Arizona. PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 163 The lioim'sli.-:ici li:i> now two I ui ml red and twenty- five acres, two liundred nf whirli ;ire under fence and mucli of it is liighly cultivated. IMr. Price origi- nally owned six hundred acres, but has given each of his children farms, thus materially leducing his own lioldings. Our sul)ject began life without the aid of friends or money, but he has always been well able to care for the little ones who came to him, and the great i)leasure of his latter days has been to start them on tlieir upward way. No man in the Western country has a greater store of valuable reminiscences than tliesul)ject of this sketch. Past events of pulilic and private in- terest are as familiar to him as liousehold words, lie shot deer where the town now stands, and was known as a skillful hunter of the early da3s. Mr. Price cast his first vote for IJuchanan. For several years lie supported the I\e|niblican ticket, then fa- vored the (Treenl)ack party, and now votes for the best man, regardless of politics. Mr. Price has been a Class-leader of the Methodist church for many years; his wife is also a valued member of the same persuasion, and both are interested in all religious enterprises. ^=m>^^-<'^^ B. TRAYLOK. In compiling an account of the different Inisiness enterprises of Cott'een, 111., we desire particularly to call attention to Mv. Traylor, who is one of the successful general merchants of this thrifty and progressive village. Since locating here he has conducted affairs very satisfactorily on his own I'esponsiliility, and owing to the excellent stock which he keeps, and the fair dealings all receive at his own hands, he has obtained a fair share of jiublic favor. Mr. Trayk)r was born in East Fork Township, Montgomery County, III., NovemVier 5, l(Sr)(),and is a son of .loel C. and Sarah (Ohmart) Traylor, natives resi)ectively of Kentucky and Ohio. About 18t4 the father came to Montgomery County, 111., and located in Fast Fork Township, where he kept a general store for forty years. In 1846, he married Miss Ohmart, daughter of George Ohmart, who was born in the Keystone State. She came to Montgomery County when fourteen years of age, and now resides on tlii^ old home place. Mr. Traylor died in April, l.S,S7. He was a Jackson ian Democrat and was deeply interested in the wel- fare of his party. For thirty years he was School Treasurer of the township, and w.as a consistent and worthy member of the I'niversalist Church. Our subject's [lalernal grandiiarents, .Tames and Nancy (Cardwell) Traylor, were natives of Virginia, and the latter was a cousin of John Randolph, of Roanoke. The greal-grandraen of America at Donnellsou. ^j^jOBERT MACKAY, one of the old settlers of Bond County, now residing on section 17, has been very successful in life and lias de- served all tliat kind fortune can bestow. Robert Macili imagin- ation, howled around the CMliin by night by the score. At the age of twenty-four years, our sub- ject married Miss Margaret L. Sugg, November 17, 1853, and of this union the following children were born: Mary, who married .1. T. Corrie; George C; Emily, who married John C. Jackson, Jr.; t^T-wi-^ k" M, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Ul Kle;uiiii- J., wiio maiiied Leimiol llvintcr; Sanili !•"., IleiUT, William, Alvin. Ollie. Waltof am) Maltie, wiu) are doceased. After liis marriage, our sulijfC'l st'ltle() lieio, and lias now a farm of three inuKlred aeic.s, all in one body, and all improved except sixty aeies. which are in timlier. He has carried on mixed farmin"; and has handled a good amount of stock of all kind.'~. lie has himself done a great amount of grulibing and has cleared up and improved one hundred and fifty acres of land, but the hard work has broken him down and he has not been able to do much personally for the past live or six years. In politic^, our subject is a Ke|)ulilican, and served his county as Commissioner from 187;') to 1878, and for one term was Coroner of the county. For a numlier of years our subject wasTownshi|) Trus- tee and for twenty-five years was a School Direc tor, so actively did he always work in educational matters. His life has been crowned with success because he has earned it. and he now enjoys the respect and esteem of all with whom he has be- come acquainted. / •^^•i-^=-h ON. SALMON A. PHELPS, Judge of Bond County-, and one of its honored and prom- inent residents, now i-esiding in (ireenville, •^ is a native of the Empire State. lie was born in Otsego County, .Tune 2, 1817, and is a son of doshua and Elizabeth (Peck) Phelps, who were natives of Connecticut. His father removed to New York about 1800, locating in Otsego County, where he engaged in farming, about nin(> miles from Cooperstown. The Phelps family is of Eng- lish descent, liut was founded in America at an early da}'. In 1848, Joshua Phelps emigrated to Illinois and resided in llond County until his death. The mother died in ( )tsego County, N. Y., in 181'J. They had a family of nine children, but only two are now living, Sarah and our subject. Salmon A. Phelps resided on the home farm m his native State until ten years of age, when he removed with his father to the village of Coopers- town, where his school life commenced. He thei'e remained for four years, after which he l)ecanie a student in the academy at liloomtield, N. .1., and in 1834 entered Union College at Schenectady, N. Y, from which he was graduated in 1838. He carried off the honors, being valedictorian of his class, which enrolled ninety-five students. This college was then under the leadership of Dr. Knox. After completing his school lite, Mr. Phelps en- gaged in teaching in a private academy in Stenben- viile, (_)hio. Iv-e leax'ing New York, in fact when but a boy, he rode on the old ^■anderbilt liailroad from Schenectady to Albany, the first road built in that jjart of the State. ()n lea\iug Ohio, he became Professor in a |)rivatc academy at Wood- ville, Miss., fC)r a year. While attending school and wlnle teaching, he devoted his leisure hours to the study of law, and during his residence at Woodville he was admitted to the Bar, in 1841, and continued to practice in that jilace for several years. .ludge Phelps was married in f841, toMiss Han- nah II. liulkley, of New York, who died in 1843, leaving one son, Alfred ('., who enlisted during the late war as a private in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Infantry. After a year's service, he was transferred to another company and made First Lieutenant. He is now an attorney-at-law of Denver, Colo. The Judge was again married, in 1845, his second union being with Miss Caroline Bulkley, a sister of his first wife. I'nto them w^ere Iiorn four children, one of whiun is now deceased, and the mother died in 1881. tieorge S., the eldest child, was a soldier in 18(11, and is a prominent lawyer of Leadville, Colo., and has been County Judge of Lake Count}-, Colo., for a term of four yeai-s. Rev. Philo F. is a Presbyterian minister, now of Fresno, Cal.. and Charles !}. is engaged in farming among the mountains of Tennessee. It was in 1844 that Mr. Phelps came to Bond County, but he did not permanently locate here until the summer of the followingyear. He is the oldest legal practitioner in the village. ( )n coining to this county, he purchased land in Pocahontas Precinct, and has always owned land in the county. 168 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. It was not loijy lii'liue he e,~l;ililislicd a liigh repu- tation as a lawyer, and since tliat time he bas ranked as one of the leading lawj-ers of the Bond County Bar. During his early residence here, lie served foi twelve years as Justice of the Peace, and was attorney for the Vandalia Railroad Com- pany. In 1890, he was elected County Judge, and by his able administration of affairs bas won the commendations of all. His rulings are just and siiow careful study and thoroughly-weighed evi- dence. In politics, lie is a stalwart Republican, and probably no citizen has done more for the county than he. During tlie Rebellion, he was a stanch friend to tiie Union, and did much toward raising troops and fitting them for service. His life has been ruled b}' upright and honorable prin- ciples. Everywhere he goes he makes friends, and he is respected and loved by all who know him. REWER A. HENDRICKS. Among the rep- resentative, thorough-going and eflicient ((W)'): officials of Montgomery County, 111., there ^>S^ is prohalily no one more deserving of men- tion than Mr. Hendricks, who holds tiie resjionsi- ble position of County Clerk. Although retiring and unpretentious in manner, lie has always been a strong factor in the city, literally promotive of the community's welfare, and, honorable and up- right in all his relations with the public, tlie con- fidence in him is not misplaced. Like manv of the representative citizens of the county, he is of foreign birth, born near Berlin, Germany, July 2, 18.")6, and like others of that nationality he is industrious, frugal and warm- hearted. His parents were natives of the same place, and the same year our subject was born they came to America, being thirteen weeks in crossing the ocean. Thej' first located in Jersey County, 111., remained there one year and tfien moved to Ma- coupin County, where they resided for six years. From there they moved to .Montgomery County, Bois D'Arc Township, and there the mother died. Her maiden name was Mary Sunnerfeldt. The father is still living and resides in Yirdcn, 111. Fourteen children were born to them, seven sons and seven daughters, five sons and four daughters now living. Of these eiiildren our subject is the tenth child and sixth son. As he was but an in- fant when brought to America by his parents, he has known no other country and is as thoroughly an American as though born iiere. He grew to mature years in the Sucker State and received his primary education in the district schools of Mont- gomery County, finishing at Hillsboro Academy, where lie pursued his studies for three months. He then remained with his parents until his mar- riage on the 17th of May, 1882, to Miss Flora A. Whitlow, a native of Illinois, born in Macou[)in County on the 31st of May, 1862, and the daugh- ter of William W. Whitlow, who is now a resident of Montgomery County, 111. To our subject and wife have been born an in- teresting family of four children, two sons and two daughters, as follows: Eliza Jl.a}', Earl Ellis, Cora Lois (deceased), and Gu}' Curtis. Directly after his marriage Mr. Hendricks located in Ilarvel, Montgomery County, and engaged in merchandis- ing. Energetic, persevering and thorough-going, he made a complete success of this enterprise and continued it at that pl.ace for about four and a-half years. In 1880, he was elected County Clerk, and the same year moved to Hillsboro, where he has remained ever since. The duties of this ollice he discharged in such an able and satisfactory man- ner that he was re-elected to the same position in 1890. In the space allotted to his sketch it is impossi- ble to mention in detail all the services rendered by Mr. Hendricks, sutlice it to say that his good name is above reproach and that ho has won the confidence, respect and esteem of all who know him, and is one of the most popular men who has ever held oHicial position in the country. While in Ilarvel Township, Mr. Hendricks held the office of Suiiervisor, Town Clerk and Sciiool Director. Previous to his marriage, in the winters of 1879. 1880, 1881 and 1882 he taught school in Round Tree, Butler and Raymond Districts, and was un- usually successful as an educator. He is a mem- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 169 bi-r of Montg-omory L»o. 40, I. O. O. F., of Ilillshoro, and is a charter inomlier of Calyi)so Lodge No. 22G. K. P.. and Modern Woodmen of America at Ilillshoro. Mr. Hendricks is \et a young man in years, and his [H'ospects for the future seem unusually bright. J^ W. LINDBECK. The Sorento 7?/rt(/r% which ^JU.\ is the most popular news medium of the //i 111 pretty town of Sorento, Bond County, is '^fj the literary child of the enter|irising tiriu (_)f Liudbeck it (Jlson, the senior member of the lirm be- ing the gentleman to whose history we devote this page. Mv. Lindbcck is a native of Illinois, having been born at Bishop Hill, Ilcnry County, August 17, 18()2. He is a son of Lars ,T. and Christina (Peterson) Lindbcck, and is of Swedish ancestry. Lars and Christina Lindbeck left the laud of Thor and Woden^ and set out for the new land where legend is re|)laced b)- energy, landmg in America in 184G, having come hither in company with what was known as the Bishop llill Colon}^ This association, or colony, purchased a township site, but it was disorganized in 18liO. Our subject's father was a brick mason by trade, and was thus employed in his place of residence. There, too, young Lindi)eck was reared, and edu- cated in the public schools. On reaching manhood's estate, he was engaged in the lumber Imsiness at Bishop Hill, and was thus emi)loycd for live years, at the expiration of which time he sold out his in- terest and went to Lindon, Colo. Our subject's career as a journalist began with his ailvent in Lindon, where, in company with his brother, P. J. Lindbeck, who was a practical printer, he started the Lindon liu.'itlf'r. While thus con- nected, the young man acquired a knowledge of the art of |)rinting, an(L richer b^' this knowleiige, in 1889 he returned to Bishop Hill, and in com- [lany with Mr. O. B. Olson, under the lirm name of Lindljeck & Olson, they started an independent sheet called the News. This they ran for two years, and then, in March "of I8'.)l, they moved the plant to their present lield of labors, and estab- lished the Sorento Blade, which is also an inde- pendent [taper. Mr. IJndlieck is sole manager of the Blade at the l>rcsent time, the association with Mr. Olson being in other Inisiness affairs in Bishop Hill. The otiice of the Black is a busy place, for in addition to the large circulati(m the Blade enjoys, a large amount of job printing is done, for our subject is a thor- oughly business man, who leaves no stone un- turned in developing his business interests as far as possible. Mr. Lindbeck's sister Lavinia is the wife of R. H. Northeott, Cashier of the State Bank of Akron, Colo. Our subject's own domestic happiness is 111 the keeiiing of a lady, who, prior to her marriage, was known as Miss Almeda C. Krans, a daughter of Peter O. Ivrans, a prominent busi- ness man of Galva, this State. Mrs. Lindbeck was born in Bishop Hill, September o, 18G3, and her marriage with our subject was celebrated October 30, 1885. They have had four children, of whom three arc living, and are .as follows: Lester Anson, born November '20, 1887; Marguerite C, Ai)ril 3, LsnO; and Roy Clifford, August 20, 1892. Fraternally, Mr. Lindbeck is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and also of the i\Ioderu Woodmen. ;/\^\ ICHAEL PROBST, farmer of Witt, Mont- gomery County, 111., is a prominent agricul- turist and one of the representative men of tlie county. He and his family oc- cupy an assured position in Ihc social life of the community, and always lend sulistantial aid to the advancement of any social, educational or moral enterprise tlffit arises. Mr. Probst was born near Lawrenceburg, Dearborn County, Ind., April 4, 1845, being the third in a good (jld-fashioned family of eleven children iKirn to John ;ind Julia 170 POr?TRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. (Kizer) I'lobst, tlie foimer of whom was born in Bavaria, (iernian\% but was brouglit to Ibis country when (|uite young by his father, William Probst, locating with him on a farm in Dearborn County, Ind., where lie breathed his last in the year 1808, his wife having passed away some j-ears before, or when tiie subject of this sketch was about eight years of age. From the death of his father young Michael was obliged to work his own way in life, and for some time was a farm lalwrer, during which time he obtained but few opportunities for securing an education. Seven members of the above-men- tioned family are residing in Illinois, but the others are residing in Indiana, in which State Michael continued to make his home until 1869, when the fertile prairies of Illinois induced him to settle in this State, and for two years after locat- ing here he rented land in the vicinity of Witt. He was then a single man, and almost every cent that he earned w.as put carefully by for a "rainy day," and when he liad accumulated a sutticient amount of means, he, in 1873, purchased a part of his now fine farm, to which he has since added from time to time until his estate embraces two hundred and forty acres of magnificent land, whicii he devotes to the raising of the usual agri- cultural products, as well as to the propagation i>{ enough stock to successfully carry on his farm. His land is cultivated in a very intelligent man- ner, and everything about his jilace indicates that he is a man of far more Uian ordinaiy ability, wiiose views on agricultural matters are sound and exceedingly practical. Tliere are excellent buildings upon his place, the family residence is a neat and attractive one, well furnished and well supplied with many conveniences, and the barns and fuitbuildings are kept in excellent repair, and are characterized by the tlioroughnessof finisli that distinguishes his entire place. .lust \n-u>r to purchasing his farm in 1872, he married Miss Annie Hand, a daughter of Josepii Hand, one of the wealthiest farmers in this sec- tion of the county, and an En^lisliinan by birth. To this union tliree children have been born : Clara, Mary, and John, all three of wiiom are at- tending the public schools. Mr. I'robst is quite a factor in the local politics of his party, and has always l)een a strong Republican, by which party he was elected a member of the County Board of Supervisors from his townsiiip in the spring of 1892. Mr. Probst has been very successful in all his undertakings, and having ever been depend- ent upon his own exertions, his efforts have been crowned with success to a gratifying degree. Personally an unassuming and modest man, he yet commands the esteem and liking of his neighbors. " ^=^=^ 1 1®^®! \^^- \T OHN H. TODT. Germany has given us many of our best and most industrious citizens. Of these Mr. Todt is one, being a promi- nent resident of llarvcl Township, Mont- gomery County. He was born in German}-, Octo- ber 21, 1834, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabetli (Miller) Todt, both of whom were natives of Ger- manj'. The father died when our suliject was a bab}', and after her bereavement tlie mother deter- mined to come to the New World and make a new life for herself and sou. Mrs. Todt died in Macoupin County, May 11, 1872. Our subject was reared in his native land until he had completed his eighteenth year. It was in 1852 that he and his mother, two sisters, one lialf-sister and one half-brother crossed the Atlan- tic, taking passage on a iailing-vessel. Their trip over consumed nine weeks and five days, and the reader may be sure that they were glad to put foot once more on terra firma when the boat landed at New Orleans. They almost immediately proceeded to Greene County, 111., and there took up the labor of life in the cultivation of a farm. Our subject worked for five years as a farm hand, receiving for his labors $12 per month and his board. Out of this pittance, he, witli economy that is known only to the Germans, contrived to save enough to purchase some land in Macoupin County. There he made his home for several years, but came to Montgomery County in the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 171 spring of 1865. He has lived on liis present farm ever since that time. Mr. Todt was married Fel)ruary 23, 1857, to Miss Mary Poggenpohl. His wife proved to he a loving lioli)niate in all his career. She presented him with seven children, four of wliom are living; they are Herman, Frank, Eliza- beth and Margaret. The eldest daughter is now the wife of William Langenn, and Margaret is the wife of .lolm Langenn. Since his original purchase in this county, our subject has added as he has been prospered, so that he now owns live hundred and sixty acres of land. All this with the improvements his farm liearshave been made by mdustr}' and economy on the part of Mr. Todt and family, for there was neither golden nor silver spoons at hand at the birth of our subject. He has, however, made the most of every o|)portunity to acquire knowledge that h.as come within his re.ach. His excellent judg- ment and good common-sense have done much for him, and he is greatly honored and respected hv his town's-folk. He has served as School Trustee for eighteen years, and also as School Director. He h.as also been Supervisor of Harvel Township, and during his incumbency of tiiat position was greatly interested in developing the natural re- sources of the locality. Politically, ISIr. Todt casts the weight of his vote and influence with the Democratic party. In his cliurch relations he is a Catliolic. ISIr. Todt was Postmaster under .lolinson and (iraut at Ilerndon, in this township. -« > ^i- ^ fiUAAXM PEACH, one of the most success- \/\/// '^"^ ''*"*^ prominent farmers of this locality, VW "'IS Iw'i i'l Randolph County, 111., Octo- ber 25, 1826. He has worked hard, and has ac- cumulated much of this world's store, and now owns over foiu' hundred acres of the rich land of the Prairie State, fiftm whirh his yields of wheal are so large that a stranger might ask m wonder, "How can beings starve, when for adequate labor the soil of this beautiful land fields like this?" The father of our subject was William Pe.acli, who was a native of Newbury, Vt., and was born October 20, 1800; his grandfather's birth took l)lace in Marblehead, Mass., Ma3' 31, 1777. The great-grandfather of our subject, named William, was one of two brothers who came from England in Colonial times and settled in Massachusetts. The grandfather was a sailor by profession, and when he tired of the sea, he made himself a home and adopted farming for the rest of his life. His first settlement was in 1817, at ^Marietta, (.)hio, to which place he removed his family by wagon, and there he lived until 1820, at which time he joined other neighbors and moved to Illinois. The trip was made down the Ohio on a flat-liont, and then on the Mississippi until tlie party reached Horse Prairie, in Randoliih County, and at this place Mr. Peach took up Covernment land and resided until his death, December 11, 1S22. The father of our subject was appointed Admin- istrator of his father's estate, and linally settled it to the satisf.action of all, and he there lived until about 1829, when he removed into St. Clair County, ami went to farming. At one time he owned five hundred acres of land, and conducted a saw- mill. His beginning was poor, but industry gave him returns, and as he was a hard-working man, he became very successful in age. His political convictions made of him an old-line Whig, and he took deep interest in all that went on around him in public life. For many years he was .lustice of the Peace, and w,as considered a man of probity and honor. His death occurred in March, 1871, and he was mourned by his relatives and the mem- bers of the Baptist Chuic:li, of which for many years he had been a valued member. The motherof oursul>ject wasPriscilla Simmons, who was a native of Maine, ami was born March 2it, 1801. Her death occun-ed August 20, 1835, she having been the mother of four children: Lois, Rebecca, Sarah and William. The second marriajre of Mr. Peach, Sr., which united liiin with Eli/.a- beth (uotts, resulted in tlu^ following children: Samuel, .lolm, Charles, Elizabeth and Eliza A. The second wife died and a third lime Mr. Peach mar- 172 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ried. This wife was Almira Simmons, who was the sister of his first wife, but no children were born of this union. Our subject was only three or four years old when the family removed to 8t. Clair County, and at that time the droves of deer were familiar sights and the wolves were numerous enough to require the careful shutting of the sheep pen to keep the animals from the stock. An occasional Indian wandering over the old hunting-grounds would appear and beg for food, but our subject never saw any savage ones. Their race had been about ex- terminated in this section, or driven toward the Westcin monntains, where they now occasionally make a feeble attempt at rebellion. The old log schoolhouse, which in some remote places has been left standing as a memento of the past, was the nniversity which our subject was itermitted to at- tend, and well does he remember the sl.ab benches and the ingenious contrivance of a plank resting against the wall, supported by ])ins of wood, upon which the luckless little ones placed their writing, books. Here, with their quill pens they learned to form the pot-hooks, and then the letters of the alphabet, and for three months in the year these privileges were extended. At the age of twenty-one, our subject was a man capable of managing for iiimself, and he took charge of the sawmill, and conducted it for a few years. He cleared up a farm and worked it for some time, and then his health failed, i)robnbly from too hard labor at too early an age. O 'Fallon needed a general store, and this seemed a fine opening, and he purchased a stock and opened up there. For live years he conducted a successful business, but when the war broke out all business stagnated, and he sold out and returned to farm- ing, buying one hundred and sixty acres near Lebanon. This he improved and worked until November, 1880, when he sold and liought his present farm. The first marriage of Mr. Peach took place July 12, 1849, to Miss Malinda Leach, who was a native of St. Clair County, 111., and six children were born to them, who were William (deceased), Alice, Theodore, Mary, Asa and Ilcjrace. His wife was taken away August 16, 1864, His second mar- riage was with Miss Elizabeth Peach, March 15, 1866. Her birth occurred in New Hampshire, .lune .3. 1828, and she came to Indiana when twenty- eight years old, and in 18G6 came to St. Clair County, m. One child, Carrie, has resulted from this marriage. Mr. Peach is a large land owner, having two hundred ami thirty acres here, and one liun- dred and seventy in Smithboro, which latter he rents. He has carried on mixed farming, but this year he rents the most of the land, upon which he lias made grain his principal product. Al- thougli ]\Ii'. Peach is a liaptist, and his wife a Con- gregationalist. perfect harmony reigns, both being good Christian people according to their own ideas of right. In politics, Mr. Peach is a Republican, and has been very prominent in public affairs, and was nominated for Representative in 18110, but in the general defeat of the party through the State he did not get elected. For twenty years he has held some scliool oflice. and now holds a member- ship with the Masonic order, in which he is highly regarded. !^+^ "S3 ''AMES ]\L\RSHALL. In every condition of life and in every locality where the struggle for a livelihood is going on, where can in- dependence be found more faithfully por- trayed, or more clearlj' demonstrated, than in the life of the honest, industrious farmer? To omit the name of Mr. Marshall from this volume would be to leave out one of the most promineuti and successful ;igriculturists of the county, who has not only thoroughly identified himself with the farming interests of this section, but by his pleas- ant, genial manner has won many friends. In former years, the life of the farmer was considered a laborious one, but in this progressive age, with such improvements in machinery, ke can do his work with half the dispatch or labor as in the time of his father, and, in fact, work but little, if anj", harder than the average man who strives to make PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 173 a liviiiu-. Besides all this he is indepondent, which is one of the much souj^ht for conditions of life. Mr. ^[iu■shall is one of the successful farmers who have kept tlioroug'lil\' apace witli the times, and have readied the condition of life mentioned above. Our subject was born in Ohio, June 1!S, 1837, and is a son of Michael and Sarah Marshall, lie j^rew to mature years in liis native State and re- ceived his educational advantages in the common schools. In 1801, at the breaking out of the Civil War, he enlisted in Company t>, Fourloenth Mis- souri Infantry, and operated in Missouri, 'reiincs- see and Kentuck\'. lie participated in tlie battles of Ft. Henry, Donelson, vShiloh, siege of Corinth and other engagements of minor importance. Dur- ing service, he became ph3'sieally incapacitated and was lionorably discharged after having served nearly two years. lie receives a |)ensioii of siS [ler month. On the lirst of February, 187t;, Mr. Marshall married Miss Eliza Tapscott, who was born Octo- ber 22, 1847, and by hei' he has one son, Joseph E., whose birth occurred May 17, 1882. In 1809, Mr. Marsliall came to Illinois an, purchased a farm in .ler.^ey Countv, and there resiiled for a number of years. Later, they moved to \\'arren County, ()liio, and there they reside at the present time, both over seventy years of age. Although well along in years, theN' enjoy comparatively good Jiealth, and are a much esteemed and honored old couple. Charles Tapscott, IMrs. Marshall's brother, lost his life in the Civil A\'ar. Her mother was matron during the war at Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, and draws a pension of ¥12 per month. Mr. Tapscott was also nurse in a hospital dining that trying war. _, IRAM SHKl'llKlM). The name of this jl much-respected citi/.en and old pioneer is well known in the county, for he has been i^j successfully engaged in the arduous duties of the farm in this htcality for many years, and now owns inie of the most prudiK'tive, best culti- vated tracts of 1:111(1 in the locality. He was born in P'illniore T(>wn^hip, Montgomery Countv, 111., August 18, 18.'30, and there his youthful days were passed. His father. Pleasant, Shepherd, was a native of the old North State and grew to manhood in that State. When :\. young man, he went to Kentucky and there married Miss Anna lirown, a native of the Old Dominion, but reared in Kentucky. After this union ]\Ir. Shepherd came direct to Montgomery County, III., in about the year 1827, and located in Fillmore Township, where he en- tered land from the (Jovernmeut. About 1832, he sold out and mo\ed back to iventuck^-, but after remaining there one winter he made his way Ixack to Jlontgomery County, III., and settled in what IS now North Litclilield Townslii|i. There he improved a good farm and resided the re- mainder of his days. His death occurred in 1834, while his wife followed him to the grave in ISIH. Iler fathei', Kichard jh'owu, was a native of N'irginiaand came t.o Illinois about 1.S27. Iliram Shepherd was one of live children, three sons and two daughters, two of whom died in in- fancy. He was reared in his native count v and was lull four years of age when his fallier died. When he was eighteen years of age, his mother died, and then he started out to light life's battles 174 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, for himself. At first he worked by the month on a farm, receiving 89 i)er month for his services, and continued at this occupation for two years. He tlien began farming on shares for himself. In 18.52 a great desire came over liim to cross tlie plains to tiio land of gold. He started out with ox-teams, and went by way of Salt Jjake City, first stopping at what was then called old Hay Town. After reaching the Pacific coast, he en- gaged in raining foi- about two years and in 18.51 returned via Panama and New York City on the "John L. Ste|)hons'" and the ''P.aciflc." After reaching the Sucker .State he farmed the first season, then went to North Missouri, where he remained but a short time. In the fall he went to the Lone Star State, but in 1855 returned to Illi- nois, where he again resumed agricultural pursuits, following this for aliout two 3'ears. After this he engaged in the sawmill business two and a-half miles northeast of Litchfield and followed this for about two years, when he traded the mill for a farm in North Litchfield Township. On this he located and remained another two years, when he traded it for another farm in the same township In 1861 he sold this and bought the place where he now resides, on section 26, and has since tilled the soil here with substantial results. He is wide-awake and prosperous and has displayed excellent judg- ment in the management of his affairs. All his property has been accumulated by honest toil and good management, and as a citizen and neigh- bor he has no superior. On the 21st of October, 1857, Miss Nancy A. Williams, a native of Washington County, 111., became his wife, and their union has beeu blessed by the birth of nine children, four sons and five daughters: Anna E., wife of (ieorge H. Barringer, of Fillmore, 111.;. Sarah E.,in the millinery business at Hillsboro, 111.; Mattie .1., wife of John Moore, of Fillmore Township; .lohn P., of Raymond Townshi]); Rosa A., at home; Lillie L., wife of J. L. Williamson, of Fillmore Township; Charlie 11., Frank and Edward E. Mr. Shepherd .settled uu tlic farm where he now resides in 1861, and on the farm w.as a little frame house, 16.\21 feet, and .a small log stable, winch have since given place to a large two-stor^' frame residence and substantial outbuildings. Since then Mr. Shepherd li.as added to his land until he now owns two hundred and forty acres and is en- g.aged in general farming and stock-raising. The political views of our subject have brought him in atfiliation with the Democratic party and he is an earnest upholder of its principles and policj'. He was School Director for twenty years or more and has also served as Highway Commissioner. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and one of the Trustees of the same. He is a man whose career has been above reproach and one whose honesty and uprightness have never been questioned. =^>-^^<-^ •J^ E. TUtJllV. To those who would have their cui)boards filled with those luxuries •A which make a table a pleasure to sit down ' to, the name of Mv. Tuoh^' is very sug- gestive, for he is an extensive dealer in ponltiy and eggs, being the eflticient manager of the house which was established by A. Jordan. He was born in Nokomis, 111., A]n-il 2. 1863, a son of Thom.as and Sarah (Balton) Tuohy, both of whom were born on the green isle of Erin, but earl}' in life came to America, and first located in Worcester, Mass. Early in the '50s, tlie^' turned their faces toward the setting sun and eventuallj- located on the broad and fertile prairies of Illinois, and in 1859 took up their abode in Nokomis. Here for twentv-five years the father was in the cmplo_y of the Big J'our Railroad Company. He was of a very energetic temperament, was industrious, per- severing and honorable in all his transactions, and was respected by a large circle of friends. M. E. Tuohy grew to mature years in the town of Nokomis, and fortunately for him received a liberal education in the public schools, for he in- herited the active brain and ([uick wit of the Irish race, together with the sound judgment that made him grasp at each and every opportunity for bet- ^^^ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RIX'ORD. 177 tering his financial condition, and the years that he spent in tlie acquirement of an education were not thrown awa_v, as lias since been proved. When he had attained to about the age of eighteen years, he followed in his father's footsteps and entered the employ of the Big Four Railroad C'ora|)any, taking a i)osition in the oflice at Nokomis, where he remained until May, 1885, making a trusted and etticient oflicial. At the above-named date, he received a ruary, 18'.I0. To show that his services were satisfactory, it is but necessary to state that while he was a Democrat, a|)pointed to his posi- tion by a Democratic President, he continued to hold the office for a year after the Pepiiblican [larty came into power again. Our subject resigned the position of Postmaster and took upon his shoulders other duties, once more becoming an emploj'e in the ollice of the above-named railroad c(in)|iany at Nokomis, but soon afterward he was elected to the position of 'I'own Clerk of Nok(jniis, and fdled this position in a very efficient manner foi' two years. In the spring of 1892, he resigned this position to l)ecome the manager for the extensive poultry and egg shii)ping establi^lnncut mentioncil aliove, and of which he has exclusive contiol. Lnder his able management, the company has met with un- liounded success, and the business is rapidly grow- ing in popularity. Mi'. Tut)hy is |)oliteand atten- tive to his patrons, and their orders are filled with a promptness and accuracy that are very satisfac- tory. System and order prevail tiiroughout, and everything about the jilaee indicates that Mr. Tuohy is the right man in tlie right place. In 1884, he was married to Miss IMinnie Ilove^-, daughter of D. Hovey, who ivas for many years Agent of the Big Four IJailroad, .mikI t,o their union a bright little daughter has been given, who is now about five years of age and whom they hav(> uaraed Margery. Mr. Tuohy is a thorough biisi- 8 ne3.s man, is a very agreeable and s,atisfactory gentleman with whom to have business dealings, and in l-hc social cu'cles vi Nokomis is higlily re- garded. -j^.,J..>.5.^15 il•■^•^"^•^r \Tr5«)DWIN W. DRESSOR, a i)rominent young |k*| fanner of I'lond County, and the jiresent ^r — '-^ Supervisor of Central 'I'ownship, is located on a fine farm near Greenville, and is a man of means, intelligence and education. The parents of the sulijecl of this notice were Nathaniel and Klizalicth Dressor, who were pio- neers of lioiul Count}'. The father was a native of the I'ine Tree State, where he was born in 1825. The grandfather, Uufus Dressor, was a farmer by occupation. (Jur suljject was born near Reno, 111., December 12, 1854. His education w.as liegun in the best schools of the county, and at the age of thirteen he became a pupil of McKendree College at Lebanon, 111., from which, after completing the scientific course, he was graduated June 12, 187(!. His studies linished,he returned to the farm, and on l\Iarch 7, 1877, he was married to Miss Mary Ann Kiikland, who w.as born in INIontgomery County, 111. Three children were born to this household, the (eldest <.if whom, ( )rla K., is de- ceased. The surviving children are Edith iSIabel and ISIanclie. Mrs. IVLary Anil Dressor died October 21, 1887, and November 14, 188',t. iMr. Dressf)i' married Miss Lizzie Thraner, who w,as born in P.oiid County, III., October 10, 185'.', and one child has been born of this mariinge, Nathaniel Edwin. After his first marriage, our suliject located at this place, where he has twelve hundred acres of line land, all in one body, with the latest improvements and in the highest state of cultivation. He has carried on mixtd farming, and has raised a great numl)er of .■ill kinds of the best stock, having an enviable reputation tiirtuighoiit this locality for his fine cat- tle, horx's aiiIasonic order claims our subject as one of its most honored members, and he has been most active in its meetings. He also affiliates with the Modern AVorkmen at Greenville. He is a man of indei)endent means, and probably has made the major portion of his property in shipping stock and grain, both of which he buys extensively and ships to the different cities, jirincipally Chicago and Indianapoli.s. He is well known throughout the community, where he is highly esteemed. *ss*; 'ill T. TOWELL was born in White County, li III., March 26, 1836, being the eldest in a '4- family of ten children born to William M. and Martha (Stark) Toweli, of which family but five members are now living: AVilliam M., who served for three years in the civil war as a member of {\)mpany L, Third Illinois Cavalry, did valiant work for his country, and is now a resident of Litchfield, 111., where he is following the calling of a wheelwright; Samuel L., who is now a resident of Kansas, also served his country in the Third Illinois Cavalry during the war; Charles L. resides in Waggoner, Montgomery County, 111.; Dora J. is the wife of James De Grate, of Walshville, III.; James H., who served with conspicuous braver^' in the Civil AVar for three years, is in the Tiiird Cav- alry, and in I8G7, wiiile a member of the Kansas State Militia, and fighting the Indians near Ft. Hayes, was massacred, being literally shot to pieces, and was buried near that fort. Isa.ac Toweli, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania before the AVar of the Revolution, but in early life removed to Tennessee, where AVilliam 'SI. Toweli, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 1817. He was brought to Illinois in 183.5 and afterwards became a wagon-maker and farmer of AVIiite County. It was on his farm that the man of whom we write was born and reared, his early scholastic training being received in the common schools near his home. In addition to the three brothers above mentioned and the father who went forth to battle for their country during the perilous times of the Civil War, none donned his suit of blue with greater eagerness than did the subject of this sketch, who did good and faithful service during that great struggle. They were all members of the Third Illinois Cavalry, and during the last year of the war the father served as Regi- mental Commissary. He lived until .September 1890, and died at AV^alshville, Montgomery County. I. T. Toweli answered to his country's first call for troops, and in April, 1861, we find his name on the roll of Company D, of the Seventh Illinois In- fantry. During this enlistment he did not leave the State but part of his time was spent at Cairo. On the 7th of August, 1862, he became a member of Compan3' L, of the Third Illinois Cavalry, as a private and for two years thereafter his compan}- was body-guard to different commanders of the Thirteenth Army Corps. He was in many of the bloodiest combats of the war, including Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, siege of A'icks- burg, Franklin and Nashville, and followed Hood into Alabama. He was promoted in regular line, and for more than a year was Orderly-Sergeant of his company, with which rank he was mustered out of the service, May 22, 1865, and returned home without a .scratch from any implement of war in the hands of a rebel. PORTRAIT AND BlOGRAl'IIICAL RECORD. 17!) Since the war lie lias devoted liis altentiim to agricultural pursuits in the vicinity of I>itchtield. III., ami is now the owner of a iiiagnificent farm in Witt Township, the result of his own good nianagenient. lie is a Repuliiican politically, has served a term as Collector, and for five years was a member of the County lioard of Supervisors. He is a member of tlie (Jrand Army, and is a Master Mason. In l.SGO. he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Chapman, a Kentuckian by birth, who became a I'esideiit of Montgomery County early in life. To them a family of nine children has lieen given, who are .is follows: John W. is married, and is a wheelwright at Litchlield; Laura is tlie wife of Henry Lee, an Englishman by birth, and a fanner of Witt Township; Mattie is the wife of .lacoli liaiierla. a ftinner of Audubcui Township, of Montgomery County; and the follow- ing are at home: Nora, Ida, Eva, R. T., .lames E. and Maude. All these children were educated in the pulilic schc)ols, but Ida completed her education in llillsboro Academy. iMr. Towcll is one of nature's noblemen, and is an acquisititm to the locality in which he resides, for he is public- spirited, energetic, and liberal in the use of his means. EO ESSENTREIS is one of the oldest .set- j) tiers of Hdud County, and one of those who have made much of its unwritten liisti)i'y. He came here poor, and by llie energy of his ('liar- acter and the jierseverance of an honest man, he has won his way to the front rank in the wealth and inllnence of his section. The suliject of this sketch was biun in the citv of liadeii. in (Germany. l*'ebruary •>. IMl'7. Ilis father, .lohn Essen |)reis, was also a native of the same (ilace. and there grew up, lived his (piiet, unostentatious life as a farmer,- and died, after settling his family in America, at llio age of sev- enty-tliree years. The mother of our subject was named Elizabeth Greilick, and was born in Baden, where she lived with her husband, the careful mother of nine children, and the frugid "hausfrau" of her home. When she had passed her seventy- third year her life ended, and both she and her husb:nid passecl away under the comforting min- istrations of the Ivoman Catholic Church. The family came to America, and the names of the children were: Mary A., Elizabeth, Anton, Sophro- nia, Leo, Helen, John I>. and Louisa. They are now scattered, and their descendants are in many places. Our subject was reared on the farm in Germany- and came to America in li^ll, being then four- teen years old. His schooling was obtained in his native country, where, if the methods were old- fashioned they were thorough. The ocean trip of the Essenpreis fainil\- covt'rcd forty-seven days in an old sailing-vessel, and after landing they made their way to Madison County, 111., and there the f:ither [lurcliasi'd a f.-irm in the wilderness. At that time there were plenty of deer yet in the belts of timber, where they remained on account of the water, but our subject was no hunter, and did not molest them. He had a short season at sclu^ol after coming to .Vinerica, but there was too much work to be done, and at the age of twenty-one he took the responsiljili ty of. his own life upon his shoul- ders. There w.as no dilliculty then in securing work, and as Jlr. Essenpreis was most modest in his de- mands, he socui found ein|)loy[nent, and for six years worked by the month. For the lirst four years he w.as the [lossessor of $2 at the end of every thirty ilays, but when lu; liegan on his fifth yc^ar his wages were raised to the munificent sum of •i!iS |)er month. The ('eremony which joined Miss Eliz;ibet.h Kiiebel to him, for lietter or for worse, took place Mart-h ;!1, 18,')0. The young lady was a native of Baden, (iermany, and came to this country in 1818. She was a true and faith- ful wife. aiiect and esteem of all peo()le, but when a missionary is .as good and devout a man as 'Sh-. Johnson, no praise is too great. His wife, to whom he was devotedly attached, died when her only child, our subject, was born, and Mr. Johnson was left alone in a strange land. His body rests in the land he la- bored to redeem and gave his life for. Peace be to the ashes of such a hero. Our subject was sent to his mother's sister, when only two and one-half years old, via Liverpool to Amesbury, Mass., and while on the way over, the sliip was attacked l>y pirates and one-half the crew lost. In 1859, the father made a trip to America and took his son back with him to China, but young Johnson only remained there three years. November 11, 18(i2, he set .sail for the land of his adoption from Foil Chow, on the "Jacoi) licH," ;ni East I ndian tea shi|). When the ship had been out ninety-six days, they were captured by the rebel privateer, "Florida." and tlieir vessel was burned. They were kept on the "h'lorida" for 184 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. five days and then transferred to a Danish barque boimd for tlie West Indies. After reaching the last-mentioned place, Johnson proceeded to the Bermuda Ishvnds, thence to Halifax, Nova Scotia, b3' steamer, and from there managed to reach Boston, March 8, 186.3, after a voyage of nearly four montlis. After our subject's second uirival in America, he entered school at Phauiix, K. 1., wliere he re- mained for one year, and tlien completed his prep- aration for college at Philip's Academy, Exe*;er, and the University Grammar School in Providence, K. I. He then entered a business college at the same place, from which he was graduated in 1867. Afterward, he followed steamboating for one year and book-keeping for one half-jear, at the end of which time he decided to devote his life to the physical needs of humanity, as his father had given his life to their spiritual needs. In accord- ance with this resolve, he began the study of med- icine in 1868, under the instruction of Dr. L. P. Babb, at Eastport, Me. His lectures were received at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which institution he was graduated JMarch 9, 1872. Upon graduation, our subject settled in East Machias, Me., and practiced his profession until the 4th of September, 1884, having built up a fine practice during that period. It w.as a country practice, however, and was so large that he was completely broken down attending to the demands made upon his time and skill. He therefore sold the good-will and devoted himself to special studies in his profession, serving as Chief Assist- ant to O. II. AUis, who had charge of the Ortho- pedic Department of Jefferson C'ollego. In addi- tion to his studies and the duties of his oflice, he carried on a jjrac'ticc in a large section of the city. There he remained until 1886, when he removed to Eit(!hfield, 111., where he has built up a fine prac- tice, having had the conlidence of the people from the lirst. In 1890, i)r. .lohnson puichased the Infirmary to accommodate the large number of patients he had under his care. On first going to Litchfield, he had purchased a residence and in that endeav- ored to treat such patients as required his con- stant care, but the house soon became too small for his needs, and in September, 1890, he opened this institution. It is always crowded, and has never been without occupants, with the exception of ten days. The knowledge that Dr. .Johnson has full control of the establishment is advertisement enough for it, as everyone has the fullest confi- dence in his skdland ability'. On the 9th of January, 1873, our subject mar- ried Miss Allie Ryerson,of Lubec, Me., and succeed- ing years have proven his choice to be a happy one. One child, a son, has been born of their union, namely': Simeon Ryersou. Dr. Johnson is very prominent in liis section of country, holding- many of the important positions of different or- ganizations, and is identified with the American Medical Association, Knights of Pythias, Knights Templar and Eastern St.ir. In addition to this he is a member of the Board of Education, and for three years was a Trustee of the Maine State In- sane Asylum, his term of oflice extending from 1883 to 1886. He is a devout member of the Methodist Church, to which he contributes liber- ally, and his name is a s\nonym for geniality, intelligence and skill. All unite in praise of so learned and successful a man. I'?=2= *^^^l^^@!^ i^ OULTON & CORNELIUS. The enterpris- ing firm composed of the two gentlemen as given above conducts with maiked abil- ity the crisp and newsy sheet known as the daily Herald. This is also sujjplemented b^y an issue called the- weekly Herald. I'nder various managements the paper is one of the oldest es- tablished in the count}', but under its new pro- prietorsliiii it was re-cluistencd with its present name. In March, 1888, Mr. liuulton purchased the plant and good-will of the sheet before issued. He edited it alone until 1890, when he associated with himself Mr. W. S. Parrott, of the Raymond Leader, and the two papers were consolidated. The first issue of the daily dates from April 28, 1890. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 18o It is a seven-column quarto page and so ablj' is it editeri that it meets with a tlatternig degreeof suc- cess in circuhition, both local!}' and throughout the county. Mr. Parrott was succeeded in the associ- ate editorship by Mr. Cornelius, who began work upon the paper January 1, l.S'.ll. Under the com- bined efforts of the present linn, the local and ag- ricultural interests have little more to desire in the way of news. Its editorials are timely and well considered.while all the local items are reproduced with care and exactitude. The weekly paper is an eight-column (juarto, also having a good circu- lation both in Montgomery and Macoupin Coun- ties. Mr. I>oullr editor of the ZfemVtZ, is a native of Boone County, Mo., where he was born June 2!l, 1854. He is a son of Jesse A. and Clara I). (Peri-ine) Boullon, both of Mason County, Ky. The former was born in 1817 and was, during the greater part of his life, engaged as a farmer. Their marriage took place in Kentucky-, whence they re- moved to Missouri. They continued their agri- cultural interests there until removing to Mrden, 111., where Mr. JJoulton still lives. He is a man who has always commanded the respect of his asso- ciates and fellow-citizens. While in Missouri, ho held the office of County .hidge, and that State continued to he his home until 1891. He and his wife, who still survives, have reared four sons and one daughter, also another cliild by a former marriage. The children are as ft)llows: Mrs. J. II. Darncille, the eldest, of Chatham, 111.; Wai- ter E., Payne A. and John W. The half-sister mentioned is now Mrs. Monroe ISatonian, of Col- i umbia, Mo. Our suliject leceived his education in his native State and finished at the State University of Mis- souri, where he earned the degi-ee of L. B. in the Class of '77. Three years later, he added to his diploma the degree of M. L. Thereafter for some time he was engaged in teaching in the inihlic schools in Pioone County, Mo., and was also in the Christian University at Canton, Mo. He finally located at Hannibal, Mo., and remained there until June 1. 1887, when he became editor and proprie- tor of the Hannibal dail\' and weekly Journal. At the date above mentioned, he disposed of his inter- ests in the Journal And purchased a one-half inter- est in the Troy (Mo.) iVfifs, which was consolidated with the Free Press in January of 1888. He sold out his interest the following August, and two months later came In Lilclifield and associated himself as above narrated. P>esides his journalistic interests, he is also a stockholder in the Litchlield Thresher Company. While in Missouri, he was several times a delegate to the State Democratic conventions and took an active jiart in politics. Socially, Mr. Honlton belongs to the Independent ( )rder of Odd Fellows. In his church relations lie is a, member of the Christian organization. ■ ^ » > * ^^ \Tr^,OBERT E. CORNELIUS. If so young a man could with projiriety be called a vet- 'i \\\ eran, surely Mr. Cornelius deserves that *\@ title as applied to his career in newspaper work. From the tender age of eleven years, he has passed tlimugh all the forms and phases of getting out a sheet, and has worked his wav up from "devil" to his present i)osition as associate editor and imiprietor of the Litchfield daily and weekly Herald. Our subject was born May 6, 1865, in P.enton, 111., and is a son of Robert E. and Lou (Adams) Cor- nelius. The father was a hariies.s-maker by trade, to which the son, however, had no inclination. After he had received the rudiments of his educa- tion at Benton, he began to learn the mechanical part of printing in the P.enton Standard oflice at the age of eleven years. He continued in that oflice for four years and then went into the ollice of the Baptist Banner at Cairo. Mr. Cornelius first came to Litchfield in October of 1889. He workecJ away until .lanuarv 1, 1891, when he was offered an interest in the paper of which he is now half-owner. The dei),"utinent over which he has exclusive control is the niechanical business of the journalistic work. Our subject has a pleasant home, which is pre- sideil over by a pleasant, courteous ladv, who was 186 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. known before her marriage as Miss Cora Biirress, of Benton. Their nui)tials were solemnized March 13, 188ij. Two children bring gladness into tlicir household and bear the suggestive names of Dot and Bee. Mrs. Cornelius is a daughter of Dr.W. D. Burress, a well-known ph^'sician of Benton. I— «=1^Hh^^ ,^^ TEPHEN K. RICE, one of the most pros- ^^^ perous and hap[)v farmers in Pitman Town- IVwj)) *1''P? resides on his fine farm on section 19, and there enjoys the comforts and pleas- ures of middle age, which have been gained by his energy and persevering labor. The birth of our subject took place in JIacoupin County, 111 , March 14, 1833. He was tlie son of a man whose memory is still green in this section, and he has grown up and done that father honor. William B. and Elizabeth (Cave) Rice were the parents of our subject, and both ancestral families came from below Mason and Dixon's Line. Will- iam B. Rice was a native of Kentucky and came ' into Illinois in the '30s witii his family, and spent tlie first year in Sangamon Count}'. He then de- cided that this was a good State to live in and moved to Macoupin County, and there entered land on the edge of a belt of timber, knowing that where there were trees there would be water. One of the most distressing wants of the pioneers was the lack of water, and as IMr. Rice iiad thought of that i)ossibility,he selected iiisland where there was no fear of such a calamity. His location was near the site of the present village of Palmyra, and here he j'oked up his ox-team and went to work breaking the land. Mr. Rice became a prominent man in his lo- cality and served as Justice of the I'eace, a very important position in those days, and as one of tlie pioneer sciiool teaciiers of Macoupin County. Tiie family that he left at the time' of his death, in 1864, consisted of six children, four of whom are now living, viz: Stephen R.; lAieretia V., who married Daniel Ciiapman; John F. and Charles W. In his death Macoupin County lost one of her first settlers, and one of her strongest men. In early life lie had been a Whig, but later be- came a Republican. Stephen Rice was reared among the scenes of pioneer life and early learned the use of six yoke of oxen and a wooden raoldboard plow in break- ing land, and can give much information about the early methods of farming, because he made practical tests. His education was obtained in the subscription schools of his time, and he well remem- bers the log hut with its puncheon Hoors and slab seats. Human nature, especially boy nature, was probably the same tiien as now, and tliere was plenty of playing and little learning. The edu- cation which finally became his he gained in con- tact with the world, as he h.as always kept well posted on topics of general interest. When tlie time came for our subject to think of forming his own home, he prevailed upon IMiss Polly A. Dalton to become his wife, and they were married September 21, 1854, after which she took up the reins of his domestic affairs, and has made his home in all of these years a place of peace and pleasantness. She still continues by liis side, and none realizes more than he what a blessing a good wife can bo. The birth of Mrs. Rice oc- curred in Morgan County, 111., February 19, 1837, and she is the daughter of I sham and Rebecca (Ray) Dalton. Her father was a native of Vir- ginia and her mother was born in Xorth Carolina. In 1817, her jiarents started for Illinois when it was yet a Tenitory, and settled in Madison County. They resided there for a number of years, and then moved to Macouiiin County, and subsequently went into Morgan County, where her father mainly reared his family. He finally returned to Macoupin County, and resided there until his death, in m7.'). his wife living until 1884. Three children survive: Lewis, Mrs. Jack- son Seymour, and Mrs. Rice. The occupation of Mr. Dalton was that of a brickmason and manu- facturer and farmer, and he was an early settler of the township. To Air. and Mrs. Rice two children have been born, William H. and John B. The acres of which our subject is the owner amount to PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 189 ninety-one, and tliis fine land has been uccmnii- lat-ed liy tlit' eftorts of one man, assisted liy a ea- ]ial)le and industrious wife. Tiiev are liotli val- ued and beloved memljcrs of the Methodist Kpis- coiial Churcli. in which body Mi'. Rice has long been a CIas.s-leadei-, and is now a Trustee and Steward. For twenty-one j'ears he has served as School Director, and for four years as Road Com- niissionei- of Pitman Township. Mr. Hicc alw.ays is in the front rank when im- provements in the county are suggested, and the society of both chuich and neighborhood would seem wrong and wanting if the genial presence of Mr. and Mrs. Rice w.'vs withdrawn. In 1859, Mr. Rice located on this |)lace and has iniproved it in every way. Ho is a Republican in polities and a goo, yet the trade demands it, and this is largely due to the management of our suliject in his popularity as a tradesman. He has ever been active in what- ever is for the benefit of a thriving little town, and many of the enterprises of the place have found a helpful hand in this wiile-awake Inisiness man. Mr. Weaver is the eldest of a family of live children. His father died February 24, 1880. Of his brothers and sisters, Thomas lives in Oklahoma; •lohu is in the I'lnploy of his brother G. A.; Laura lives at Pocahont.as, and Ruth in St. Louis. Mr. Weaver was married December 1.5, 1886, to Miss Alice M. Presgrove, who was boru in Clinton 190 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArmCAL RECORD. County, 111.. October 18, 1863. She is a daughter of H. F. Presgrove. Of the two children that have blessed this union, the eldest, Vallee W., died when but nuie months of age, August 3, 1888. The surviving child. A'ernon A., was born August 10, 1889. Politically, our .subject conies from a strong Republican family, but is himself an equally ardent Prohibitionist and has always been a strict temper- ance man. — 5- - '•^ . :>^^7nery County, Ohio. Henry spent his b(iyhood days upon his father's farni,'and ac(inired his education in Pennsylvania. He remained at iiome until twenty-fovu- years of age. when was celebrated his marriage with IMiss Margaret J. Ilumiibreys, of Clarke County, Ohio, daughter of .lames and ''atherine IIum|ihreys. They began their domes- tic life upon a farm in Clarke C(^)nnly, and Mr. (irube there continued .agricultural pursiiits from 1818 until 1868, when he removed to Springlield, Ohio, and there lived a retired life for two years. He then went to ,Tas)ier County, 111., where he en- gaged in farming upon three hundred and forty- live acres of land for si.\ months. Upon the ex[)i- ralion of that [leriod, he removed to Clinton Conntv and purchased a tract of land of one hun- dred and thirty-seven acres, of which fifty are situ- ated in this county, although it is all in one body. He made his home tliereon from 1870 until 1H78, when he returned to Ohio to take care of his parents, and remained in the Buckeye State until the 20th of .lune, 1880. lie then again came to his farm in Illinois, and since 1887 he has been a resident of Greenville. He also owns one hun- dred and sixty-four acres in LaGrange Town- ship. In 1887, Mr. (Jrube was called upon to mourn the lossof his wife, who had borne him seven chil- dren, four of whom are yet living: Charles H. married Kate Wliitaker, of Crawford County, 111., and is engaged in the drug business; Dr. Robert H., a practicing physician, married Miss Margaret Ki'nshaw, of Dayton, ( )., and is now living in Pittsburgh, Pa.; Aaron C. a mert'hant of Fair Haven on Puget Sound, and George, a book agent for the Riverside Publishing Ihjuse of St. Louis. Mr. (irube 's second marriage was celebrated in 1870, when INIrs. Emma L. Noe, of Grant Cotuity, ^Vis., became his wife. She is a daughter of .lo- seph and Mary A. Hall. Both Mr. and Mrs. (irube are leading members of the Presbyterian Church, and she is one of the earnest Christian workers of Illinois. In the church she serves as a Deaconess, is a member of the Missionary Societv, and until last year was President of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the county. Mr. Grulie is also a warm advocate of temperance principles, and votes with the Prohibition party. He is now living a retired life, enjoying a well- earned rest and a hands(une competence, which has lieen acipiiicd through his industrious and well-directed efforts. On coming to (ireenville he purchased an acre of land, and owns one of the finest homes in the city. •^^=•^=^•^ :;iF.V. IILNRY I5KCKKR, 1). D., a widely ,„.i' known and highly esteemed priest of Soutli- ii^ \V em Illinois, and for many years an arduous laborer in various parishes of the State, is now the spiritual adviser of the Roman t'atholic Church in Ilillsboro, Montgomery County, 111. Ilis presence is a familiar one in scenes of sor- row and distress, especially among the members of his own congregation, but he is a public-spirited man, libei-al in sentiment, and, desiring the nuitual welfare of the entire community which surrounds him, has won the conlidence and respect of all good citizens, irrespective of church or party aflil- ialions. Father Becker was born in Westphalia, Ger- many, July 1, 1856. His father, Henry Becker, and his mother. Flizabeth (IJelirens) Becker, were 192 PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. both natives of tlie province which gave our subject birth. In the home of tlieir infancy tliey passed their (luiet, uneventful life, nor wished for change. They were the parents of five sons and five daughters. The little ones were early trained to habits of industry and thrift. When old enough the children went to school, and regularly attended the parish church, and soon the daugh- ters shared the mother's duties and the sons assisted the father in his daily work. Four children of this German home have passed away. The living sons and daughters are Sophia, who early consecrated her life to religious duties, and is now a Sister of Charity in Belgium; Anna, who devotes her life to the education of the young, and is now a teacher in the public schools in Germany; Elizabeth is in ]\Iinneapolis, and like her eldest sister has entered upon a religious life as a Sister of Charity; Maria is also a member of a religious order and a Sister of Charity in Namur, Belgium; Herman, a man of business in Chicago; and Henry, the parish priest of Hills- l>oro. From early youth Henry Becker was a studious ho}', of strong religious inclinations, and at the proper age began a course of preparation for tlie priesthood. He readily acquired the Latin tongue and afterward studied mental philosophy in Bel- gium. He then resolved to complete the higher course in America, which he had long before de- cided to make his future field of labor, .lourney- ing safely across the Atlantic, he landed in New York, September 2o, 1875. He tarried not long in the United States, but soon proceeded to his destination, Montreal, Canada, where he entered the Grand Seminary, and took the four-3'ear theological course. Father Becker graduated with honor as Doctor of Theology in 1879. He was ordained priest December 20 of the same year, and was then as- signed to Illinois, Diocese of Alton. His first parish was in Mound City, and he also ministered to the needs of .Metropolis, Stone Fort and Har- risburg. He remained with this charge one year and was then sent to Mt. \'ernon, his religious duties also including the ])astoral work in Okaw- ville and McLeunsborough. His next parish was in K.askaskia, Randolph County, the oldest settle- ment in the Mississippi Valle\-. He remained one year, and then on account of sickness was sent to Grantfort, Madison County, where he was sta- tioned a year. Our subject had now for five years faithfully gone his wearying round, answering with his cheerful presence the constant demands of acci- dent, sickness and death. He was over-worked and, finally obliged on account of his health to take a rest, visited the Fatherland. Old friends and neighbors greeted him; his father was yet alive, but his mother was gone from the old home to "a house not made with hands." At three-score years and ten she had entered into rest. In 1885, Father Becker, vpith health restored, was assigned the pastoral charge of the church at Vandalia, with charge also of Greenville and Ram- sey. In 1888 he assumed charge of the church at Hiilsboro, and alsc) officiated as priest at Gil- lespie, performing his varied duties with unabated energy and conscientious diligence. In 1890 he went again to Europe, this time journeying to Rome, whose grandeur and magnificence never cease to employ tlie pen and pencil of author and artist. Fifty families attend the Catholic Church of Hiilsboro and since our subject took charge he has aided in clearing off a debt of 1700 and is r.ow erecting a building (a residence for the parish priest) to cost §2000. Father Becker's undoubted business ability is of great value to the parish, whose religious interests are his fiist tho\ight. / - oc:^,i/Ci W-;ESLEY SNELL. It will be unanimously conceded that the well-appointed restau- rant fills an important niche in the sum total of any town's acquisitions, and it is in such connection that due mention is made of the estab- lishment of which Mr. Sncll is the proprietor. This popular house was established about four 3'ears ago, and is conducted in an admirable man- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 193 ner, wliile the cooking is heyoiul reproach. Prices are moderate, and a first-class meal can lie ob- tained for a sum within the reach of all. Mr. Snell was born at Stanton, 111., April 11, IKl.'i, to John and Elizabeth (F.est) Snell, the for- mer (jf whom was born in North Carolina, and came to Illinois in 1.S23. with his father, Roger Snell, and settled on a farm not far from Stanton. On this same farm the subject of this sketch was born. The grandfather died at the very advanced age of ninet3--two years, wliilc John Snell's de- mise occurred on the 7th of March, 181)2, at the age of eighty-six _years. Young Snell grew up on the farm on which he w.as born, and, being next to the youngest in a family of nine children, re- ceived Init a common-school education. When the war cloud, which had hovered over the country for so long a time, burst in all its fury, he, with two of his brothers, William and .lames, joined the Third Illinois Cavalry, and served three years. William was slightly wounded at the battle of Pea Ridge, but was otherwise un- injured in the service. He died in 1881, and .Tames in February, 181(2. Wesley Snell entered the service on the 7tli of March, 1865, and became a ineniber of Com])any H, Twentj-eiglith Illinois Infantry as a recruit, and was sent to the front at Mobile, Ala., and at once took part in the siege of that place. He was with his company at the fall of Spanish Fort, Ft. Blakely :uid the fall of Mobile. They were in camp near the latter city when the news of President Lincoln's assassina- tion reached them. They were then sent to the Hio (irande in Texas, and continued to do guard duty in the vicinity of Brownsville, where Mr. Snell remained until his term of enlistment had expired, in March, 18(i6. He was discharged on the Till of that month, after which he spent one year on a farm in JNIacoupin County, 111., then came to Montgomery County, and engaged in farming seven miles south of Nokomis, where he remained until 1880, wlieu he established himself in business in the town, and has since successfully conducted his restaur.ant and bakery. The establishment of which Mr. Snell is the proprietor is excellent of its kind, the l)read especi- ally being of a very superior quality , while cakes of all description, both ornamental and plain, are seen in the show-cases. In politics, Mr. Snell has alwavs been a strong Re[)ulilicaii. but has never aspired to public position. He married in 18(58 Miss Mary E. liond, a native fif Madison County, III., by whiim he has a family of six children, live of whom are living: Liilla I.; Elizabeth E.. wife of John E. Todd, of INLittoon, III.; Eva E., who died at the age of thirteen years; Minnie, John 1!., and Essie. Mr. Snell's brother, the Rev. Asa Snell, has been a Methodist minister for the (mst thirty- six years, and is now located at Spring (Jarden. Mv. Snell is a well-known man of business, who has gained an inlliiential and wide-spread patron- .age through his honorable methods in dealing with the public, and by his energy and [irompt- ness in filling the contracts that are ijiven him. 'i^ SA J. SHERBURNE is a i»rominent and enter[)rising farmer of Bond County and owns one of the best-improved and most ^j/J fertile farms in this part of the State. Perhaps it would iie difticult to lind among the farming community a man who enjoys wider po|)- ularity than he, and his liiogra|ihical sketch will therefore be of interest to oiir readers. .\sa J. Sherburne was born near Rochester, X. Y., .Tilly 11, 1827, and is the sou of Henry Sherburne, :dso a native of New York, whose liirth took place in 1799. The family is of English descent and was represented in this country liefore the Revolution- ary War. In his younger days, Henry Sherburne followed the trade of a blacksmith and engaged in making edged tools and in mill work. Later he became a merchant and dealt in notions and drv- goods. About 18,')(T, he removed to Indiana and settled in Terre Haute, where he engaged in busi- ness for some years. His .active labors ceased at the age of seventy-four years, and he p.assed awav mourned not only by his family but tliroiiirliout the entire coniniiiiiity. He iiad been a valued member of the Methodist Church. In politics, he 194 PORTRAIT AND EIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was first a Whig and a strona: Abolitionist, and in later years became a Republican. The mother of our subject, INIary (Bronson) Sherburne, was born in New Yoik and died at tlic age of seventy-four j'ears. The cluirch of her choice was the Methodist, in whicii she was long an active member. Mrs. Sherburne became the mother of nine children, eight of whom grew to maturity, namely: James, Jethro, Charles, Asa, Squire, William, Melvina and Lucy. Jane died at the age of eleven years. Our subject was reared in New York and was educated in the common schools of liis place. At the age of sixteen, he left home and began the struggle of life for him- self. At Waterloo, N. Y., he learned the trade of blacksmith and worked at it until 1851, when lie made his way to Indianapolis, Ind., and engaged in work on the Vandalia Railroad, which was being built from there to Terre Haute. When the road was finished, lie was engaged as engineer and ran on that line between Indianapolis to Terre Haute for nineteen years, and later fron Indianap- olis to St. I>ouis for five j-ears as passenger con- ductor. Tiring of this life, in 1873 Mr. Sherburne left railroad work and bought his present farm. His marriage, April .30, 18.54, united iiim to Mary Burton, who was born in Terre Haute, Ind., and four children have been born unto them, namely: HaiTj' v., who married Rebecca Plumb; Cora, Mrs. Curtis C. Paddock; Lua E., Mrs. William H. Ebert; and Ned C. Our subject lias two hundred and eighty acres of fine land, all in one body. The en- tire tract is in the highest state of improvement, ex- cept twenty acres, whicli he prefers to keei)in tim- ber. His commodious residence was erected in 1881 and is beautifully located on a higli ridge, near the railroad on which he spent so many 3ears. In 1886, he built the large frame bain, which is one of the most substantial improvements in that neighliorhood. Mr. Sherburne lias raised a great deal of wheat and also much, fine stock. I u polit- ical matters, he is a Republican and his jiopularity with lh(^ party of his choice is testified by his elec- tion to tiie position of School Director, which oflice he lias held for many years. For tiiirty years, he has been a prooiiueul member of the Ma- sonic fraternity and is at present identified with the Blue Lodge, and lias reached the thirty-second degree. The family is highly respected and its members have made hosts of friends among the residents of that portion of Illinois embraced in the confines of Bond County. '4-^ ON. WILLIAM YOUNG, who for twelve years administered law as Justice of the Peace, and who in the early '5()s, before the organization of the township, represented three counties in the Legislature, now resides upon his farm, on section 13, HiUsboro Township, Mont- gomery County. Our subject well illustrates the homely old proverb, "Whore there is a will there is a way." He began life with but two valuable possessions — a horse and a saddle. The broad well- tiUed and well-stocked farm which he now owns was gained by unremitting toil, patient saving and wise investment. Mr. Young was born in Mauiy County, Tenn., October 5, 1810. His father, Henry Young, was of Scotch descent, but a native of Pennsylvania, in which State he received iiis early training. The mother of our subject, Sallie Fifer, was born in Germany, from whicli country her [jarents emi- grated to America and located in South Carolina when she was about two j-ears old. Henry Young and Sailie Fifer were married in North Carolina, and first settled in Roanoke County. Fiom that State they removed to Kentucky, thence to Tennes- see, wiiere, upon a farm about fifteen miles south of Columbus, their son William was born. The lather died upon that farm at the age of sixty-four. His widow removed with her family to Montgomery County, III., in 1830, and lived there until hci- death in her seventy-eighth year. John and Sailie Young were the parents of twelve children, all of whom reached adult age. Of this large family (eight dauglit(M-s and four sons) but three survive: Loviua, the widow of Rev. C C PORTRAIT AKD BIOGKAPIllCAL RECORD. 195 Aydelott, resides in Donnellson, iMoiit^omery C'ouiity: Ilrariet, the widow of J. Harder, lives in I'erry Towiisliip; our subject is the eleventh child and the yiningest son. His boyhood was passed in | his native (ilaee.and he was twenty jears of age when he came to Illinois. For a time Mr. Young worked b3- the day and month, but immediately following his marriage to Miss .lane Paisley, which event occurred March 1, 1832, he took up land west of Donnellson and lo- cated u|)on section 21, township 7, range 4. The four-hundred acre tract was a Government claim, and ni)on its broad surface not even a sod had lieen broken. A small log-house, IGxlG feet in dimen- sions, entirely destitute of windows, and with a puncheon Hoor, Was the home of the newly-wedded pair. For furniture they had two split-bottom chairs, a table niadeof si)lil walnut logs, and a lied- stead of the same. These articles were not han(I- some, but they served their purpose and were highly valued by the good lady of the house. Mr. Young cleared the })lace, and made miles of rail fence to enclose it. lie hauled his grain to St. Louis, the nearest market, and there exchanged it for groceries and other necessities of life, receiving according to market fluctuations from twelve and a-haU' to eighteen cents per bushel. For fifty years our siiliject remained upon that farm, but in 18H0 he Ijought two hundred .and tifty-two acres, upon which he now resides, and which is under high cultivation. Mr. Young also owns ninety .acres on section 2t, three hundred acres in town- ship 7, range 3, sections IG and 17; six hundred acres in township 8, range 3, sections 2',t, 30 and 32. This large body of valuable land (twelve hundred and forty-four acres) is all situated in Montgomeiv ('(uint\'. A tract of two hundred and forty acres in ISutler County, which our subject f(U'incrly owned, iiasre(ently been dispii.sed of. Our sul)ject was twice married. Flis lii-st wife, who died in 18,')l,was the mother of nine chil- dren, three surviving her: .John, William A. ami Harriet IM., widow of William MeCulloch. .Ml re- side in ^Montgomery County. Three of the fam- ily died ill infancy; .laines .1. died in 18S',t; .Sarah ,laiie and Samuel died when they had reaclieil mature years. Mr. Young's present wife was a native of North Carolina, and came to Mont- gomery County when she was sixteen years of age. She is the mother of three children: Francis H.; Anna, the wife of Charles Linx- willer; and Jacob, who resides with his parents. Mr. Young cast his lirst vote for Jackson and abides by his early convictions. As an official, he made an excellent Justice of the Peace, and ably represented the counties of Montgomery, Bond and Clinton in the Legislature of 1851. -i^^l L'B' .?;^.i*-^ ^jlOHN P. Y()rX(i. the present A.ssessor of Harvel Townshi)). is widely known and highly respected for his excellent business ability and integrity of character. Ilis par- ents wire natives of (iermany and in early life made themselves a home in I>aden. In this beau- tiful city of the Fatherland, -lohn P. was born May 19, 1839, and, being a dutiful son, he re- mained with his parents until nearly nineteen years of .age. The les.sons of frugality and patient training in liabils of industry ac<|iiired in his childhood home gave him conlidence in himself, and as he neareil manhood, his ambition was aroused by the reported success of others who had gone to the New World. He now determined to emigrate to America, the Fblorado of countless millions. Mr. Young's journey' to the New World was not made in a fast-sailing steamship. He em- barked on a sailing-vessel which left Havre No- vember 24, 18.")8, ami arrived at her destination. New Orleans, February 2o, 18,")1). The three- month voy.age gave the young (iermaii many hours for leisure thought and planning f(.)r the unknown future, and it is probable that much of his later success was due to this fact. The Sunny S(^uth did not keep the young emigrant long in its territory, as he soon turned his face northward, and in .lersey County, III., received his lirst em- ))loyiiieiit in this counlry. lieginning as a farm li.aud, John, as he was familiarly called, worked 196 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. steadilj^ two years, receiving, even in the busy season, only tlie modest sum of 115 per inoiitli. 15iit the sturdy young man's wants were few, and having now become a true American, he was con- tent to wait iiis time. His next step upward was achieved in Montgomery County, where lie farmed on shares three years in Pitman Township. At tiie end of tins time, lie accepted emploj'ment wliich promised better returns at Decatur. Mr. Young, however, preferred his late place of residence, and being convinced that Jlontgomery County was his best field for work, returned there after a brief time, and again became a tiller of tlie soil in Pitman Township, and subsequently jmo- prietor of eighty acres of well-improved land. In tlie meantime, about eight years after his arrival in America, the young farmer selected a life part- ner, and upon August 9, 1867, married Miss Fan- nie Fehr. Already a land-owner, blessed with health, prosperity, home and wife, the future out- look was even at that early day very briglit. Seven children have blessed Mr. Young's union with Miss Fehr, and six of these children — Frank, Mary, Katie, Minnie, Sophie .and .Tohn — are now living, the death of a son George being the only affliction this hapiiy household has known. Po- litically, the subject of this sketch is a Democrat, defending his views with intelligent ability, and liis heart is with the masses, one of his chief aims in life being to educate and elevate the multi- tude. Mr. Young is an ardent advocate of the public- school system of his adojited country, and for several years lias untiringly and conscientioiisl3' performed the duties of School Director. Many readily accept such odice, neglecting the work which attaches to it, but the fidelity of John P. Young lias .accomplished much for the youth of liis immediate neigliborhood, and tlie good he has done will lie shown in the lives of many coming men and women. Besides the position of School Diiector, which brouglit him into fre(pieiit contact with the chil- dren both great and small, Mr. Young's appoint- ment as Coll('ponsihilit\' for the s.ife npera- tii.in of both jilants rested U[)<)n him. He remained in charge until tlie se|)aration of the two plants, when he established himself in the business in which lie is now interested, and in which his trade is ever increasing. He devotes his whole time ai'd attention to his business, and the sales anicMint to aljout -^900 per month. Our subject has a i)leasant home in Litchlield, which is presided over by his amiable and charm- ing wife, to whom he was married at Carlyle, this State, Octobei' 19, l«,s-2. She was Miss Ada F., dnnghter fif J\Irs. .Jacob Young. Her education was acciuired in the High School of Carlyle. Mr. and Mrs. Owens are members of the Presln'terian Church, and our subject is identilied with the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows and the Brother- hood of Locomotive Engineers. OBERT WILLEFOKl), a pioneer settler and honored resident of Ripley Townshi)), Bond County, is also a veteran of the Mexican 5) War, and a citizen of undoubted courage and integrity. Born in Rutherford County, Tenn., .lune 6, 1818, he was but nine years of age when he came to Illinois with his family and found a [leimanent home within its boundaries. Locating upon the broad prairie, about seven miles west of (4reenville, lie has for almost sixty-live conlinnoiis years been closely identilied with evei'v inarketl I improvement and growing enterprise of the imme- diate neighborhood. As a County Commissioner I lie served with faitiiful ability three terms, his en- ergetic efforts in behalf of jiublic interests win- ning him the confidence and esteem of his oflieial associates and the community at large. The immediate ancestors of onr subject were A'irginians by birth, both his father and paternal grandfather having been Ijorii in tlie()ld Domin- ion. .!(_ rdaii Wiileford, the grainlfather, at the early age of sixteen enlisted as a soldier in the Rev- olutionary War, and fought nobly for Ocid and liberty. Afterward returning to his birth))lace, Hampton County, he married, settled upon a A'ir- ginia plantation and became a slave-holder. His son James, Ixirn in lIami)toii County in 1791, was the father of our subject, (irandfather Wiileford early removed to Tennessee, and there died at the advanced age of ninety-six years. He was a man of fine presence, energetic and fearless, and lived t.o witness almost a century's iirogiess of our na- tion. Robert Wiileford was the eldest child born t<) James and Sally (Price) Wiileford. The mother was a native of \irgiiiia, and died in Tennessee in 182(), leaving to her husband's care four little children, the youngest scarcely more than a babe. Some time after his lirst wife's death, James Wiile- ford married Nancy Price, the sister of his former wife. The children of the first marriage were: our subject, Robert; Elizabeth, who married Aquilla Sugg, and died in October, l.SH.'i; Nancy Ellen, the widow of William Turner, who resides live miles east of Old Ripley; and James, who was born in 1825 and died Ainil 12, ISiso. By his second mar- riage, James Wiileford became the father of four children, three of whom died young, the only sur- vivor being Willis Wiileford, a wealthy citizen and retired farmer of liipley Township. The death of .lames Wiileford occurred in 1862, upon the Illinois farm, where he had located thirty-live years before. He had never .aciiuired wealth, and could give his children but the limited ad vantages of the e.'irly suliscriptioii and little disti'ict schools, but he Ir.-iined them lu the habits of industry and self. 1 reliance, which littiMl them foi' the battle of life. I In coninioii with the sons of other pioneers, our 200 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. subject began hard work in early life, and while engaged in regular farming duties, the j'ears went swiftl}- by, until in 1846 he enlisted in the service of the United States, and for one .year, with gal- lant bravery, fought upon the fields of Vera Cruz and Cerro (iordo. Having returned to his home, he married, Julj' 2, 1848, Miss Malinda, a daughter of Daniel File, who came to Bond County from North Carolina in 1818. Mrs. Willeford died in 1852. on the farm where her husband had located immediately following their marriage, and where he has lived ever since. Robert Willeford has been a life-long Democrat, and still talces an active inter- est in the conduct of public affairs. lie is a promi- nent member of the Baptist Church, and has mate- rially aided in extending its religious work. Hon. Edward Jv. Willeford, one of the jirominent agriculturists and stock-raisers of the State, and the only child of our subject, was born October 7, 1850, on the homestead where he now resides. He received a primary education in the imblic sch(.)ols and completed his course of study in a private academy at Greenville. At eighteen years he taught school, continuing in that occupaticm for a time, but soon permanently engaged in the business of his life — general agriculture and stock-rais- ing. Mr. Willeford and his father own about six hundred .acres of valuable land, and have the finest herd of thoroughbred short-horn cattle in the county. At the early age of nineteen years Ed- ward L. Willeford and Miss Lucy S. Davenport were united in marriage. Mrs. Willeford is a native of jMontgomery County, and a daughter of very early settlers in the State. Mr. and Mrs. Willeford are the parents of six (children. Francis jNI. is the wife of .Tames A. Talior, a farmer of Riy County, near Richmond, Mo.; Ella Ciordon is a teacher in the public school; Maud married Frank Ilarker, and resides in old Hipley. Huljert L., l<;tli(> and r.laiichc are at home. Ella and Robert completed their ed- ucation in Green ville, and the other children have profited by the now excellent public schools. In 1888, Mr. Willeford was elected by the Dem- ocrats to the State Legislature, and evinced so nmcli al>ilily in the discharge of his ollicial duties lliathe wa> placed on sever.'d import.ant conimilt,ee>. Mr. Willeford is a prominent member of the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a genial gentleman, possessing hosts of friends. He is an important factor in the progiessive interests of the count}', and was one of the leaders in the estab- lishment of the Farmers' Central Township Mu- tual Insurance Company of Bond County, of which he is the efficient Secretary. b~ EOPOLD KNEBEL, one o ) owners in the State of III , known grain buyer at Pii EOPOLD KNEBEL, one of the largest land- llinois, and a well- 'ierron, is the sub- ject of this present writing. He began the battle of life a fatherless boy at sixteen, and liy the ster- ling traits in his character, has conquered all diffi- culties, and now is wealthy and respected. The gentleman of whom wc write was born in Baden, (Germany, November 27, 183SI, a son of Sebastian Knebel, who was also a native of Baden. Before coming to America, our subject had the ad- vantage of six months of schooling in Germany, but in 1847, he, with his parents and four other children, started for the New World. The ocean trip was long and tiresome, taking fifty -six days to accomplish, and when the passengers were landed in New Orleans, they still had an eight- day voyage between thein and St. Louis, on the way to their destination in INIadison County, III. Upon reaching Southern Illinois, Mr. Knebel bought land in township 5, range 8, Madison County, selecting one hundred and forty acres on the edge of some timber. Of course the educational advantages to be se- cured in such a place were not ver\' extensive, but our subject attended the siiliscription schools, then held in the log schoolhouses, which were only sup- |)lied with slab benches and earthen floors, and ab- sorbed as much learning as did his fellow-students, whose op|)ortunities were the same, and many of whom liad come froiii liie same land across the sea. The father of our subject was removed by death when Jjcopold was only twelve years old, and the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD; 201 latter was obliged to think of some way in which he eouhl obtain a livelihood. Lal)or he must, and so he hired out l)y the year, after haviuy it put into the Iiond that he eould have three nuinths of school- ing. For two years he worked for board and clothes, and at the expiration of that time he received from !i>5 to ^7 i)cr month for two years longer. l>y the time he was sixteen, he desired to become master of his own wages, so hired out and worked fi'om that time \intil he was twenty years (jld for from '^H to ^'llt a month. ^Vhen twenty years of age he had saved enough from his rather slender salary to purchase eighty acres of wild prairie land, and felt enough faith in the future to ask Jliss ('art)lnie Walter to become his wife. The wedding took place ^larch :>, 1.SG2. She had had a trying experience on her w.ay to America from her native place, liaden. The year of her departure was 18.j4, and at that time the same dread disease which of late has hung along our shores, the cholera, \vas raging along the jMis- sissii)pi. After a long trip of forty-eight days <(10 a year. One branch of his business is the buying and shiiiping of cattle and hogs to all points. He buys all of his grain al this point, and has an interest in the elevator with Charles Speck- art, who is his son-in-law. His farming does not trouble him mui-li, as he rents out about all of his land, but the time has been when he was a hard- working in.an, and it has been on account of his good m.'inageiiu'nl anil indu>lry that he now occu- pies the position that he does. Mr. and Mrs. Kneliel are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and to it he gives liberally of his nutans. Li his political opinions our subject is a Democrat, although he voted for Lincoln liecause he was opposed to slavery, as at that time that was the principal ipiestion of dis|)ute. He also voted for (irant when he ran for I'resideul llu^ lust time. Since then other questions have come up upon which Mr. Knebel thinks the Democratic party lakes the [irojjer stand. He has been a delegate to both e(.)unty and Congressi(.)nal conventions. ;\[r. Knebel has seen about all of the advance- ment of this section. He hauled the lirst load of lumber for the boginning of the [iresent town of I'ierron, and built the first building on this site. His acipiaint.ance is laige, and he is regarded with respect as a man of sterling worlli. - '=^y^ (W t==l— OHN SCHWAKTZLY. Some of the best citizens of Nokoniis T\:)wnshi|i are natives of (Jermany. Their thrift aiul industry have made this southern i)ortion of Illinois, bordering as it does on lioth North and Soutii, to blossom like the rose. T'he(>erinan mind is natur- ally of a sci'Mitific bent, and when applied to agri- culture it is found to lie exceedingly advantage- ous. Mr. Scliwartzly was born in liaden, Germany, September '22. \X2'.K His father was a farmer, but while yet a lad our subject learned the baker's trade and followed that until 18.07, at which time he came to America. Locating at Louisville, Ky., for two years, he was engaged in working .-it his trade and then determined to turn his attention to farming. He located on a good tract of Land in Madison County, 111., not far from Alton. Life was not complete to the young German, away from the Fatherland and among sl,r;ingers, witliout a home and domestic ties, and in April, 1801, he remedied this want by his marriage to Miss Hirdie Shoos, a native of Madison County and of (Jer- man parentage. In 187(1, the young couple came 202 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL EECOED. to Montgomery County and located on the farm where they now live in Nukomis Township. Providence and nature have smiled upon the agri- cultural efforts of our subject. His farm, whicli comprises two hundred acres of land, is one of the l)est in tlie German settlement, and bears the finest of improvements, all of which he himself has made. Owner of a comfortable iiome, our subject IS able to raise much of the necessities of life upon his own jjlace, and makes it yield to him a gener- ous supply of what other things are necessary. Mv. and Mrs. Schwartz!}- are the parents of nine living children. The eldest daughter, whose given name is Ellen, is the wife of Enoch Koock. The leniaining children are all under the home roof as yet. They are named as follows: Frank, Louisa, Charles, Lewis, Rosa, Etta, Julia and Minnie. They are a bright and happy family of active, eneigetic young people, who are bound to make their wa}- in the world. -^^- APT. JOHN D. DONNELL. The gentle- i|i _ man whose sketch now claims our atten- X^;-' tion has passed from tiie stage of life, but his memory is dear to his surviving friends, and a Riccouu of the prominent people who have made Bond County what it now is would not be com- plete without a notice of his life. John I). Donnell was l)orn in Guilford County, N. C, September 8, 1817, and was brought to this county by his parents (see .sketch of family history in life of William Donnell, of Greenville) wlien he was only three years old. The trip w.as made by wagon in the usual emigrant fashion, lie was sent to the country log schoolliouse, with its primi- tive arrangements for accommodat ion of the pupils, and within its walls were to be found many chil- dren who have since made their names known in the l)ublic affairs of the State. 15y them this modest temple of learning is rememltcred with affection ,Ti)d the instruction received there has aided them in their advancement. After his early life there, our subject attended a good school in Hillsboro, 111., for one 3'ear. At that time the land in Bond County was unimproved and the deer and wolves were still numerous. Occasionally, our subject went upon hunting expeditions, but life was busy then and he had to work hard without many play days. When he had reached man's estate, he decided to found a home of his own and chose Jliss Ann R. Robinson to become his wife. She was born in this county, December 18, 1822, and her marriage took place June ir>, 1843, when she was twenty- one years old. Four children blessed this union: F.dwin is now married and resides in Salida, Colo.; William J. is at home unnianied; Ann Elizabeth married Daniel Hair and is deceased, and Charles D. died in infancy. The father of Mrs. Donnell was Gideon Robin- son, a native of North Carolina, who came to this State in 1819, in an emigrant \v.agon — a prairie schooner as it was later called. Mr. Robinson entered land in Central Township and built a log cabin in the woods, where he developed a large farm. He died at the age of sixty years. In his political belief, he was a firm Whig. The mother of Mrs. Donnell was Rachel Craig, a native of Tennessee, and four children were reared by her, William T., James P., Mary 15. and Ann. Her death occurred when she was about sixty years old. She was a member of the Methodist Church, and a good, kind, Christian woman. After mar- riage, our subject and his wife settled ujjon this farm in a snug three-roomed house and immedi- ately began making improvements upon the place. Into this happy household, the rude clarion of war sounded, and the husband and father shouldered his musket to do battle for his country. The enlistment of Capt. Donnell as a private in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Illinois Regiment took place in August, 1862. He was promoted until he reached the rank of Captain, and served luitil December, 1804, when, on accotnit of rheu- matism, he was forced to resign. Cajit. Donnell was with Gen. Sherman in his canijiaigns and fought in the battle of N'icksburg. After hi^ return from the army, he remained at home until the follow- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 205 iug summei-, when he and his brother crossed tlie plains witli an ox-team to Denver. At the time of his decease, Capt. Donnell owned about five Jmndred acres of land. His death oc- curred December 18, 1872. Since that sad event, Mrs. Donnell and her sons have managed the farm and have been very successful in the work. C'apt. Donnell was a member, with ins wife, of the Pres- byterian Church and gave of his means to its sup- port. In politics, he was a Republican and U|)held all thinfjs which seemed right in his sight. His good liusiness (pialities resulted in his acquiring wealth and i)articularly was lie foitiniate in the buying and shipping of cattle. He did a large business in that line in 18(1(1, when he bought in Kansas and sold at other points. -^^i AMES E. BLACKWEJ>DER, M. D., is num- bered among the leading ph3-sicians of this city, Litchfield, where he has resided since 1871. It seems almost wonderful that so many physicians of repute should be residents of this one cit}', yet it is a fact that the medical pro- fession is better represented in this place than many others, and among them all stands pre-emi- nent the subject of this brief sketch. Dr. Blackwelder is a native .son of this same county that he now lionors with his residence, his birth occurring near this city, August 2, 1841. His father, Peter Blackwelder, was one of the pioneer settlers of this county, the date of his advent ui this region being 1832. He was born at Concord, N. C, September 7, 1810, but when a young man, came with a cousin, Alfred Blackwelder, to Illinois, and located near Hillsboro, but afterward removed to this locality, settling near the city of Litchlield. The journe}' from North Carolina was made on horseback, and as the young men were young and active, they enjoyed the trip with all the ardor of young venturesome men, to whom hardships were nothing. When the father of our suljject came here, there were but few improvements, and he was able to put up a new claim for a very small sum. On this claim he put up a log cabin and made a home for the bride he brought to brighten his fireside for him in 1837. This la No. 677, at Wag- goner, 111., and is also identified with the S. B. Phillips Post No. 379. G. A. R., at Litchfield, 111. •■e-i-;:-i:^- 1^ FRANK .TESTES, one of the prominent I JJI farmers of Shoal Creek Township, Bond J^ Count}', and a veteran of the late war, is the gentleman of whom we shall attempt a history in outline. Mr. .Testes was born October 14, 1841, in Indiana, and was one of a family of five children born to Garrison and Mary (Noe) .Testes. The other children all died when ^oung, and when our subject was but a few weeks old his parents re- moved to the Prairie State and located in Clinton County, where his father died Ijefore the son was a year old. A year later he suffered the double loss of his mother. One's tenderest sympathies are called forth at the idea of a helpless child being at the mercy of a thoughtless, vinai)preciative world and without friends, yet such was the state of our subject in his earliest youth. For several years he was without a liome, living with different people, but finally entered the family of William File. During this time he liad received little or no learning, being denied even that birthright of an American citizen, a good practical business education. He continued to live in the File family until the break- ing out of the war, and on .Tuly 2, 18(51, entered the service, joining Company- D, of the Third Illi- nois Cavalry. It would be tedious to enter into a detailed ac- count given in chronological order of our subject's army experience, suffice it to say that he rendered loyal service to the Union, and hazarded his life in many of the engagements that now take tlieii- place among the most noted of the world's battles. He was slightly wounded in the eng.agement at Pea Ridge, and on August 21, 1864, was taken prisoner by Forrest's army at Memphis, Tenn. He was in- carcerated in the rebel prison in C'ahaba, Ala., and there spent eight months and twelve days. Only one who has endured a similar experience can ap- preciate the torture, privations and tediousness of rebel prison life. From .Tanuary 1 to the 16th, the prison was flooded, and at no time was the water less than knee deep. His sufferings were added to in no little degree b^' seeing man}' of his comrades drowned. I'pon entering prison Mr. .Testes weighed one hundred and seventy-four pounds, but when finally released the strong man was reduced to a shadow of his former self, and weighed but ninety-four pounds. After the war, for a period of two years, our subject was unable to do any active work, but in February, 1867, he purchased a part of his present place and has made it his home ever since. He now owns two hundred and eighty acres of fertile and well-cultivated land which bears valuable im- provements. The thoroughness with which all branches of his farm work are finished is a distinct characteristic of the owner. In .lune of 186.5, our subject persuaded Martha R. Rankins to take up with him the journey of life. She was a daughter of .Tames E. Rankin, one of the pioneers of Bond County, who had been a school teacher for many years and who, as far back as 1829, had held the office of County Clerk. He died December 2, 1878, at the home of oursubject. Mr. and Mrs. -Testes are the parents of eight chil- dren. The eldest, W. J., is the popular Postmaster of Sorento and is besides engaged in the furniture trade. He was born March .3, 1866, and in 1887 married Miss Sallie Gill, a daughter of .Tames Gill, ,^- (TfU^ (12 ,^ PORTRATT AND BIOGRAPHICAL EECORD. 211 of Mullieri-}' (Trove, tliis St-nto. James E. isack'rk ill Soreiito. The other children are named as fol- lows: ,Tosei)li Calvin, Lemuel Franklin. Winnie .1., Ilattie L., Sinah M., and Liila R., all of wliom are livinji; at home. Mr. Jester is a Repiifjlican, who never lets an opportunity slip to iniiiress upon his hearers the beauty of his party platform. He is an enthusiastic Crand Army of tlie Republic man, wliole-souled and warm-hearted, and numbers his frienf the i)roininent citizens in and about .Sorento are natives of this locality, and our subject is no ex- ceiilioii to wliat is the general rule. Mr. Denny was born witliin half a mile of his in'csent i)lacc of residence, his natal day being May ;5, 18;?',). He is a son of Robert W. and Eleanor (Finley) Denny. Elsewhere in this vol- ume, in the sketch of I. H. Denny, mention has been made of the ancestry and various move- ments of our subject's parents, hence wo will con- line ourselves to his individual history, mereiv slating that Robert W. Denny died about 184;'), and that his wife survived until 18sri, linally p.assiiig aw.ay in Kans.as, at the ri[)e old .age of eighty years. .1. 15. Denny grew to manhood's estate, receiv- ing mainly the training of a farmer's boy. He had acquired a very good education for his dav, anil at the age of nineteen vears began to teach school, devoting himself to his teaching in the winter and to farming in the summer. .Inly 7, 1861, he went into the army, joining Coin|);iny E, of the First Illinois Cavalry. As a |irivate ho was in the siege of Lexington, and was slightly wounded in the right hand. He was also taken prisoner, but was paroled, and while enjoying this liam|)ered freedom was discharged from the service. January (i, 18(12, our subject was unile(l in marriage with Miss Olive Drossor, who was born in Bond County. She was a daughter of Rufus and Tamar (Cothren) Dressor, a family of Eng- lish extraction. Mrs. Denny's great-graiidfatlier came from the Old Country at an early date and settled in Massachusetts, where her grandfather was born. The old B.ay .State was also the birth- place of her father, Rufns Dressor. vvliose natal day was July 2'.b 171i."). He went to JVIaine when a young man and there married Tamar Cothren, a lady of Scotch-English extraction, though a native of the Pine Tree State, her birth having occurred February 12, 1797. Her |)arents made the trip from Maine to Illinois, taking the overl.and route, in 18.37, and her father died in this county Octo- ber 13, 1858. The mother survived until July 17, 1880, when she jw-ssed away at the advanced age of eighty-three years. In 1864, Mr. Denny brought his family to the place where he now lives, and which immediateh' adjoins the farm where his father settled on fir.st coming to the State. Here he has been exten- sively engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was one of the parties most instnimental in devel- oping the Sorento coal mines, and is now and has for many years lieen the Treasurer of that com- pany. In early life he served foi- four years as .lustiee of the Peace, and h.as been many times identified with the school interests. In his party preference he is a Republican. He is devoted to the interests of the (Jrand Army of the Re|)ublic, and for three years was Commander of the post at Sorento. There have lieen three cliildren born to Mr. and jMrs. Denny. Of these lOlizabeth is the wife of Charles Oordinier, a native of Indiana, and one of the stockholders in the Sorento coal mine. 212 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, 5I:\r\- Ellen is the wife of J. F. Harris, a young attorney at Sorento. JoJin Oren is a student at tlie Soutliern Illinois College, of Enfield, this State. Mr. Denny does not actively operate his farm to any great extent, leaving it to the charge, for the most part, of responsible parties who carry out his instructions. His time is mostly given to the development of the coal interests and other linancial enterprises on foot in Sorento and local- it_y. Mr. Denny was one of the three who acted as Commissioner in assessing the value of the con- demned right of way at the time the first rail- road, the Vandalia Line, was run through the count3'. He was also Census Enumerator for Short Creek Township in 1880 and 1890. ]-^+ ■[^ ^[s- 'jfJOSEPH O. TANNEHILL is the popular I proijrietor of the Clover Leaf Hotel, of Cof- feen. 111., which is one of the best-kept and most popular hostelries in the county of Montgomery. Mr. Tannehill was born in St. Clair County, near Belleville, 111., February 2, 1841, a son of A. J. and Mary J. (Whitside) Tannehill, the former of whom was born in the Blue Grass regions of Kentucky, and the latter in St. Clair County, 111. A. J. Tannehill was taken by his parents to St. Clair County, 111., when he was about two years of age, and iiis father, James B. Tannehill, became the owner of the first gristmill of Belleville, as well as of the first hotel and the first whiskey distillery. He was bora, reared and married in Kentucky, but was of Scotch descent. The maternal grandfather, William T. AVhitside, was a N'irginian, of Irish descent, and one of the first settlers of St. Clair Couut_v, 111. lie was a brother of (Jen. Samuel A. Whitside, a noted pio- neer of the Sucker State. The parents of Joseph (). Tannehill were mar- ried within three miles of Belleville, 111., soon after which they located in the town, where the father followed the occupation of carpentering and building, these occupations receiving his at- tention for manj' years. His last da3'S were spent in St. Louis, where he died at the age of seventy- six years, his wife dying at seventy-two years of age, and they are now sleeping side b}^ side in the Bellefontaine Cemetery at St. Louis. They were the parents of ten children, seven sons and three daughters, all of whom grew to mature years with the exception of one daughter. Those now living are: Joseph O.; Andrew J., of St. Louis; G. William, of Kansas City; Samuel A., of St. Louis; and George W., also of St. Louis. Those deceased are: James AV., Mary, John, Lutiea and Anna. Jose|)h O. Tannehill is the second of this family and was reared in St. Clair County, where he ob- tained a practical education in the common schools, and remained with and faithfully- assisted his father until he had attained twenty-one years of age. He then determined to seek his fortune in California, and crossed the plains with a horse- team, via Salt Lake City, to Sacramento City, where he worked in a lumber yard and at mining and also followed the latter occupation in various localities for nearly two years. At the end of this time he returned home via Graytown to New York City, where he remained three days, thence going to St. Louis and finally to Belleville. He and his brother, James W., then engaged in coal-mining four miles east of the town, an occupation that received their attention for about one year. May 12, 1864, Mr. Tannehill married Miss Sarah E. Blackburn, who was born in Montgomery County, 111., a daughter of G. W. Blackburn. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Tannehill located on a farm in East Fork Township, where he tilled the soil for about twenty-seven years, but sold out in 1891, and took up his residence in Coffeen, where he began keeping hotel, for which business he has shown a remarkable aptitude. The estab- lishment is well- patronized, as it deserves to be, for it is conducted in a very praiseworthy manner and the table is well supplied with wholesome and well-prepared food, and the rooms are kept ver}' clean and in good order. Mr. Tannehill is part owner of one of the best threshing machines in the county, which is very completely fitted up. He and his wife are the parents of five daughters and three sons: Naomi, wife of AV. O. May; Mary PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 213 A., wife (if .Tefft'i>fiii Ilill; (!u>t;i\'us A., Bessie; Laura E., wife of William Millei', of Ilillsboro, 111.; George W., Susan C. anrl Joseph W. iSIr. Tanne- lull has always supported Deuiocratie |iriueiples, liul has never been very aetively interested in polities. m iJ OIIN J. CASS, one of the honored pioneers of Jlontgoniery County, and a [irominent retired farmer, nctw residing in the thriving town of K.aymond. is a native of the Buck- eye State. He was born in Warren C'ounty, Se|)- tenilier If), 1825, and is a son of John and Martha (Swallow) Cass, llie former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Pennsylvania. They were of English and Irish extraction respectively, and were pioneer settlers of Ohio, ha^■ing located in AVarren County at an early date. In 18.S2 the family emigrated liy team to Illinois and located upon the |)rairies of Montgomery County. They located in Kayinond Townshiji, south of the site of tlie village fif that name, al- though there was no settlement at the place at that time, and the inhabitants of the county wei'e very few. There were no lailroads; the land was still in its priniilive condition and the work of progress and civilization seemed scarcely begun. j\[r. Cass began the development of the farm on section 31 , which our subjet't now owns, luit was not long permitted to enjoy his new home, lieing called to his tinal rest in 18.'54. The mother was thus left witli a family of sexen children and with liut limited means. She displayed great energy and heroism in the care of the children, whom slie kept together, making f(.)r them a home. She was a lady of good education, and to help sup))Ort her family 0[iened a school in her ow-n home, and thus Ind the honor of teaching the first school in the township. Her death occurred in 18i')2. Our subject was the only son in the family of seven children, the youngest of whom was born after the father's death. Only three are now li\'- ing. His sisters are: Augusta, wife of Harrison INIits, a farmer of Hayuiond Towiishii>, and Ivouisa, widow of Frank Ilitchings, of the same township. Ml-. Cass, whose name heads this record, was reared to manhood amid the wild scenes of front- ier life, and in his boyhood was early inured to the hard labors of the farm. He worked in the (ields and aided his mother until her death. As a com- panion and helpmate on life's journey he chose Miss Helen Lawler, a native of White Coiintv. 111., and a representative of one of the early families of that locality. Their union was celebrated on the I7th of June, 18.',(;. and unto them were born live children, of w^hom one died in iiifanc\-. Tlie other four are now living: William S. is a veterin- ar\- surgeon and liveryman of liaymoud; Nora A. is the wife of Joseph Williams, of liutler Crove Townshii); JMary was joined in wedlock with Frank Welshaiid and they resid,. in Litchlield; Lula B., who completes the family, is living with her pa- rents in Raymond. Mr. Cass followed farming throughout his busi- ness career, and although he started out in life empty-handed, has worked his way steadily up- ward to a position of wealth and allbience. In 1880 he left the farm, which, however, he still owns, and removed to Raymond, where he is li\- ing retired, enjoying the rest which he has so Irulv earned and richly deserves. He is a pleasant, ge- nial gentleman, who has many friends and is held in the highest regard throughout the conimunit\-. ^^7. USTIN .AIlLl.l'MJ.a prominent resident and ^S^/ -'I leading agriculturist of Pitman 'I'own- Ijl '* ship, Moutgomery County, successfully '^1 manages one of the finest farms in the State of Illinois. The broad acres (two hundred and forty in extent) are mostly under a high state of cultivation and evidence the judgment and kiK.iwIcdge of their owner. The desirable location of the land uiion section 15 makes this a valuable 214 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. holding and inheritance for onr subject's de- scendants. Mr Miller is a native of Madison Count3', III., and was born .lanuary 26, 1848. His father was a native Tcnnesseean, wliile his mother's birtli took place in Illinois. His paternal grandfather emigrated from his native State to Illinois at a very earl3' day and was a noted pioneer of Madi- son County, wliere Madison Miller, the fatlier of our suljject, spent many 3ears and where he was married. The father and mother of Austin Miller settled in Montgomery County in IS.'iS, locating on a fsrm near the [jresent site of Raymond vil- lage, but in a short time they removed to Pitman Township and tlierc remaiTied permanently. Tiie father died many years ago; the motlier still sur- vives and continues her residence upon the old homestead. Our suljject was one of a family of seven chil- dren, five of whom are now living. The brothers and sisters are Lucinda, wife of Alexander Woods; Austin, Loftin R., Buford and Charles F. Tlie |)i- oneer father was a sturdy Democrat of the good old-fashioned kind. He and his wife were mem- bers of the Christian Churcli and zealous workers in the cause of moraiit}' and religion. The ven- erable widow, now nearly eighty years of age, is one of the oldest pioneers in her section of the country, and lias a store of valuable and most in- teresting reminiscences of early days in the new and then rugged Wesc. Her maiden name wa.s Sarah Finley, and she came of good descent. Austin Miller has been a life-long farmer, and has three times made unbroken prairie land into im])roved and valuable farms, in each instance finding large returns for his skillful cultivation. Our subject was married March 24, 1885, to Miss Celia A. Haynes. This attractive lady is a native of Macoupin County, 111., and was born April 4, 1860, a daughter of Martin and Pha-be (Loper) Haynes. Her father came to Macoupin County in early times, and when Mrs. Miller was but six years old her mother died; three daughters now survive her: Celia, Kmma T. and .lennie L. Our suljject and his wife have four children: John M., Charles A., Mattie E. and Daniel. Though yet in their early childhood they give promise of noble manhood and womanhood. Mr. Miller has had a prosperous career as a tiller of the soil, and aside from his valuable homestead owns a valualile farm of one hundred and sixty acres in Adams County, Neb. He is just in the prime of life, and, with his energy and wide knowl- edge of agricultural work, is sure to achieve greater success in the future than he has in the past. Mr. Miller was a participant in the late Civil AVar, as, though but eighteen years old at the time, he gallantly answered to his country's call, and enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Illinois Infantrj', January 26, 186."), and was honorably mustered out in 1866, at the close of the war. During his service he was under Gen. Thomas and did garrison duty at Block-houses Nos. 7 and 8, and was at Chickamauga River, Dalton, Marietta and Atlanta. As he was then ready to serve his country with all the ardor of a patriotic boy, Austin Miller is to-day the same in spirit, a true and representative American citizen. 4^ .ip^ AMUEL M. GRUBBS. The prominent re- ^^^ sident of Litchfield, 111., whoso name 1(L/_3) opens this article is the President of the First National Bank of Litchfield, to which prominent office he was elected in 1890. This bank was organized .lune 20, 1889, with a capital stock of $100,000, with .1. R. Whitney as President, S. M. Grubbs as \'ice-president, and with Eli Miller as Cashier. At the following election, S. M. Grubbs was made President, T. C. Kirkland became Vice-[)resident, and Eli Miller continued as Cashier, and are the present otti- cers. The business has been prosperous from the beginning, and has a surplus of §4,000. The gentleman who now occupies the most prominent (losition in flic city of Litchfield was born in Hillsboro, III., August 12, 183;'). His father, Moody Grubbs, was a native of Kentucky, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 215 .and in tlial St;ite he niarriod Cynthia A. Roone, wlio was a grand niece of the great Daniel Boone, ttie liero of tale and song. Moody was a nie- fhanic, and lie and his young wife eanie to tliis State at an earl^' da}' and made Ilillshoro their home. Here they lived until the death of Mr. Grubhs, which sad event took i)iace when our sub- ject was a babe of only two years. His mother possessed some of the char.acteristics of her illus- trious ancestor, and kept her family witli her, car- ing for them until the time came wiien they were able to care for her. Our subject was reared in Hillsbori.!, went to school, and at an early age began to earn his own livelihood. He first be- came a clerk, and then went into the drug busi- ness on his own account for a short time, and then enlarged his business and became a general merchant. He was attentive to his liusiness and his customers, and was considered a rising young man, but in I860 he concluded to remove to Litchfield, where he thought he could do better. It is this seizing of op|)ortunities which often turns the scale in a man's life. He l>ecame very successful, as the business habits and the agreeable manners of his earlier j'ears continued with him, and he only sold out his mercantile interests in 1H(;8 to engage in the banking business. The lirm name of the association was Brewer, Seymour it Co., and when Mr. Seymour retired the lirm lie- came I5re\ver & Grubbs. Finally, JSIr. Grubbs suc- ceeded Mr. Brewer, and the business was contin- ued as S. M. (irubbs it Co., and that continued until the organization bf the First Kational Bank, as above stated. The First ^National liank now owns the fine building where the business is car- nod on, and it is the most modern structure in the city. The Litchfield Libraiy is also located in it, and it is the center of the commercial interests of the place. Our subject has been interested in many of the liusiness ventures in Litchfield, and lie owns s(.inie very valuable real estate. A busi- ness block on State Street is in his possession, and a valualile farm in the country, consisting of [\\v hundred acres of valualile improved property, be- longs to him. He now holds the |i(isition of Treasurer of the Litchfield Marble Conipuin. also Treasurer of the Oil City Building and Loan Association, and for man\' years has been Presi- dent of the Libraiy and Reading Room, a valu- able ac(iuisition to the city. In the year 187 L his fellow-citizens elected him to the most honorable position in their gift that of M.ayor of the city. He was also made Treasurer of the city two terms, and served with credit and to the satisfaction of all. The marri.age of Mr. Oriibbs took place in Hills- boro, with Miss Mary Birewer, second daughter of Judge Brewer, of Ilillsboro. Seven children were the result of his union, four of whom died in infancy; Ella married (;. W. Alterberry, and died leaving one child. Hazel. INLamie is the wife of E. R. Davis, the assistant of the bank, and the other daughter, Lila, became the wife of E. R. Elliott, of this city. Jlrs. (iriibbs died in 1888, and our subject married Mrs. Bottle A. (Beach) White, on Ajiril 80, I HIM). Mr. Grubbs has atliliated with the prominent orders of a social nature in this city, and holds a desirable position in JJtchfield Lodge No. 517, A. F. X' A. M., and is a member also of the Knights of Honor. He has long been a iirominent mom- bcr of the Methodist Church, in which he is a Trustee and Steward. His social position in the city is of the highest, and in all the relations of life he is a man to be admired and resiiected. V r- ^a^S^s;;* ~o?^-^^^\ ■m-m i-:yf^M~ R. S. H. MiLEAN. Few, perhaps none save those who have trod the arduous f^ paths of the profession, can picture to themselves the array of attributes, physical, mental and moral, and the host of minor graces of manner and (lersoii essential to the making of a. truly successful physician. His constitution must needs be of the hardiest, to withstand the constant shock of wind and weather, the wearing loss of sleoii and rest, the over-gathering load of care, and the insidious approach of every form of fell disease to which his daily round of duties mo- mentarily expose him. Free and broad should be 216 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. his mind to seek in all departments of human knowledge some truth to guide his hand; keen and delicate the well-trained sense, to di'aw from nature her most treasured secrets and unlock the gates where ignorance and doubt have stood sen- tinel for ages. Closely approaching the ideal we have attempted to sketch in the aliove paragraph is Dr. S. II. Mc- Lean, one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of Ilillsboro, 111. He is a native-born resident of Montgomery County, 111., having been born six miles south of Ilillsboro, on a farm, April 12, 1849. His father, Robinson INIc Lean, was l)orn in the old North State, and he grew to manhood tliere. Led by the promises of the Western prairies of Illinois, he came direct to Montgomery- County, and entered land from the Government. His father, William McLean, was a descendant of Scottish ancestors. Our subject's mother, whose maiden name was Emma Barr}', is a native of Kentucky, and is now residing on the old home- stead in Montgomery' County. The latter 's father, Richard Barry, it is supposed was a native of Kentuek.y, and was one of the early settlers of Illi- nois. The parents of our subject had born to their union seven children, four daughters and three sons, all of whf>m grew to mature years and are now living. Onl}' one is unmarried. Dr. McLean, the second in order of liirth of the above-mentioned children, became familiar with the tedious details of farm life at an early age, and, like the average country boy, received his tirst educational advantages in the district schools. Desiring a more complete education, he entered Ilillsboro Academy and remained there during 18(J7 and 1868, after which he entered Lincoln I'niversity at Lincoln, 111., and was graduated at the E. ]\1. Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio, in the year 187 1. The same year he located at Donncllson, 111., and entered actively n|)on the practice of his ]irofession. In 1877, he came to Ilillsboro and immediately entered upon a successful career as a practitioner of the healing art. Since the year of 1871, he has devoted his life to the highest tem- poral mission among men, a combat with disease and deatli, and his elli(nency. skill and signal suc- cess iu this calling are well known. Dr. McLean is a member of the Montgomery County iledical Society, and is a member of the Illinois State Medical and National Medical Asso- ciations. He is a member of Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 51, A. E. & A. M., also of Ilillsboro Lodge of the Modern Woodmen. He is examining ph.ysi- cian for many of the insurance conipanips, and is President of the Pension Examining Board, which meets at Litchfield weekly. He is a good Repub- lican, and was Mayor of the city of Ilillsboro in 1887 and 1888, during the time the water works were established, and many other improvements were made. The Doctor is now Chairman of the Repulilican Central Committee of jMontgomery County, and is a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Cluircii and a Trustee of the same. The Doe- tor selected his wife in the person of Miss Lina Kerr, and tliey were married in September, 1875. Mrs. IMcLean was born in the Bucke3'e State, but was reared in Illinois. Her parents were Robert and Caroline (Hughes) Kerr. Dr. and Mrs. Mc- Lean have one son, Benjamin ()., who was born Eebruary 2, 1886. EONIDAS HARD. The Buckeye State has 9i', contributed to Illinois many estimable cit- izens, but she has contrilmted none more worthy of respect and esteem than the subject of this sketch, who is one of the intelligent farmers and prominent citizens of Montgomery County. He keeps thoroughly abreast of the times in the im]>rovements and progress made in his calling, is well informed on the curreul topics of the day, and converses with intelligence and judgment on leading subjects. He is one of those much-valued citizens whose constancy to the business in hand and whose thrift have added greatly to the value of the fine agricultural regions of this part of the State. Our subject was born in Scioto County, Ohio, September 16, 1839, and was the next youngest iu PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 217 n family of eleven children born to Jonathan and Sophia (White) Hard, earl\' settlers of Ohio. \'er_v little has Ijeeii learned of the ancestors on eitiier side, Init Mr. Hard's mother was born not far from the city of lioston, Mass., and his fatiier in one of the Eastern States. The latter died when our subject was alioiit five years of age, and left a widow and eleven children, nine of whom are yet living, and scattered thr<.iugli different States. Two served in tiie late war. .losepli served for more than four years m the First Illinois Cav- alry, and Fifty-fourtli Illinois Infantry, and is now a resident of the Lone Star State; and 15. S. served in the (_)nc Ilundreil and Twenty-sixth Illinois In- fantry, and is now living in Marion County, III. When the original of this sketcli was about ten years of age, he came to Illinois to make his home with a brother-in-law, A. Kellog, and from that day he had to make his own way in life. All he lias obtained in the way of tins world's goods is the result of his own good fighting iiualities, and as he had ^■ery limited educational adxantages iu his youth, much cri'dit is due him for his success. When the war broke out he was anxious to enlist in defense of the Stars and Stripes, but his mother, who had also reino\'ed to Montgomery County, greatly- objected to his going, as two of her sons were already in the field. However, wlien it was seen that a long struggle was inevitable, our sub- ject determined that he would enlist anyway, and on August !i, 1H()2, lu' became a member of Com- pany F, One Hundied and Twenty-sixth I lliiiois Infantry. This regiment saw much hard service, but its ^^*''I''I^^- Fitclifield is the l\ r '■Gsi'^lciii^''' L'ity of many of tlu^ wealthy re- \~^ tired agriculturists who are exempt from active i)artici|iation in farm interests by virtue of years and accumulated results of the toil of those years. Of these our subject was one, and his ex- perience as a farmer was such as to enalile him to spend his later years in comfort and elegance, as one of the most prominent citizens cif Litchfield. In his death, which occurred September 8, 1892, the county lost one of its noblest citizens and most upright men. Our subject w-as born in Jlon mouth County, N. .1., November 4, 18211. He was a son of William II. and Anna (Pryne) Rogers. The former had adopted farming as his calling, and located about one and one-half miles north of Jersey ville in 1829. .Viiout 18.">2, he removed to Macoupin County, just north of Bunker Hill, and continued t. His training was for an agriculturist's life, and so well did he learn the mysteries of soils and grains, of rainy seasons and drouths, with the proper means of taking ad- vantage of one and .protective measures against the other, that he has made success of ills farming life. The wife selected by i\[r. Weitekanni comliined in her mind and i)erson those qualities which make a good woman attractive to a (|iiiet, sen- sible young man. Her name was Christena A. Strasser; she was the daughter of .lacob and Eliza- beth Strasscr, and her birth took place in New Or- leans, Ija. The wedding of Mr. and INIrs. Weide- kamp occurred April 18, 1882, and now four chil- dren have been added to thefamilv: Henry W., Frederick J., Edward .T. and Iamki C. In 188(1, our suliject was attracted to the rich land that was for sale in l\Iontgoinery County, and he realized that here was an f)pportunity of a life- time. He came and settled in I'itnrui Township on eighty acres of land. and here he has remained I)erfectly contented to pass the remainder of his days in the pleasant ^pot where g(.)od fortune has placed him. When only nineteen years old, he was obliged to start out for himself, and went to work as so many other self-made men have done licfore and since, and made himself a desirable hand on the farm on account of his practical knowledge. He had no trouble in getting em- l)lovmen1. .Mnd his progress has been upward ever since. The politics of Mr. Weitekam|) are of Demo- cratic tendencies, and he permits nothing to in- terfere with his casting his ballot for his favorite candidates. He has been honored by his fellow- citizens with 1-he position of Highw.ay Coiiimis- sioner, a very important one in a couiit\ , and so well has \)Q t])led the situation that lie is now serv- ing his second term. Our suliject is one of tlie most |)romiiient and inlluential members of the Ro- man Catholic Church, and is a man who commands the res|)ect of all of his neighbors. His life has been oiu' of uprightness in their midst, and he de- serves the esteem in which he is held. kS'^'Sl^.l®^^ IL\REE.S AVESI.EV (i.MHHSON is a promi- nent stockman and at present the Super- ^i^' visor of Sli(.)al Creek Townshiii, Bond County, and resides one and a-half miles east of Sorento. Mi-. ( iarrison was born in Walshville Township, Montgomery County, this State, Sep- tember 1 1, l.sr)3. He w.as next to the youngest of a family of ten chililrcu born to Taylor and Susan (Clark) (iarrison. But little can be learned (jf the antecedents of either of these families morc^ than the fad ttial, l.ioth of the parents of our suliject were natives of the .State of Tennessee and pio- neers in tlie settlement of IMontgomcry County, locating (.HI the farm where C. W. was Imni and where his father died in 1M73. Our subject's mother lived until August, I8;)l, when she died in Sorento at an advanced age. Of the eleven children there arc but four living: Charles Wesley, who is the subject of this sketch; .lames A., who lives in INbuitgoinerx' County on a farm not far from the old homestead, and is a iirominent stoc'k-raiser; Xaiii-y M., the wife of W. .]. Kirkhuid. residing (ui a large farm not far from .Sorento; and Mar\' .!., the wife of Samuel iMcRe'dnored with 224 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the office of County Supervisor of his township, and re-elected by an increased majority on the Democratic ticliet. As Iho township is strongly Republican, the fact of his re-election speaks vol- umes for his popularity with both parties. He comes from an old Democratic fauiil}', and has faithfully adhered to the political creed of liis forefathers. Wliile living in Montgomery County, our subject served on tlie School Board from the time he was twenty-one years of age until he left there. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors and was for several years Constable. Fraternally, he is a prominent and active Mason, also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. Garrison was married, August 14, 1873, to Melissa F. Brite, a daughter of K. E. Brite, a prominent farmer of JMissouri. Mis. Garrison was born in the State of Missouri. Their four children are Su.san Lucinda, a young lady who has had every advantage given her in an educational wa3'; Louana Alice, Nancy Melissa and Charles Wesley. ^^ AFAYETTE M. GERHARD. Prominent ((§} among tlie representative and prosperous Ji^X farmers and stock-raisers of Bois D'Arc Township, Montgomery County, whose biography it is a pleasure to give among tliose of honored citizens of this locality, is the worthy gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His life of useful- ness and industry, and liis record for integrity and true-hearted faithfulness in all the relations of life, have given him a hold upon tlie community whicli all might well desire to share. In every- thing connected with tlie growth and jn'osperity of the county, he has taken an active interest, and as a tiller of the soil he stands in the foremost ranks. All his jn'operty has been accuniiilaled by honest toil and good management, and he has now one of the best farms in this section. ■J."l)e State of Peuns^'lvftijiij [jas furnished Mont- gomery County many excellent citizens, promi- nent among them being Mr. Gerhard, who was born in Bedford County, March 31, 1844, to the union of Samuel and Ann Gerhard, natives of Maryland. In 1844, when our subject was an in- fant, the parents came to the fertile prairies of Illinois, settling in Pike County, and there made their home for several years. Thence they removed to Cass Count}-, and in 1862 they came to Montgomeiy County and settled in Pit- man Township. Later, they removed to Bois D'Arc Township, purchased a good tract of land, improved it and there passed the closing scenes of tiieir lives, the mother dying February 9, 1876, and the f.ather May 23, 1888. They were highly es- teemed by all, and their lives were replete with acts of kindness. Of their children the following are now living: Mrs. Eye, Mrs. Canb}', Mrs. Witt, William K. and Lafaj'ette M., all prosperous and highly-esteemed citizens. Like the average country boy, our subject di- vided his time in youth between assisting his father in clearing and developing the farm and in attending the schools of Montgomery County, where he secured a fair education. lie was a farmer's boy, purely and simply, doing his part of the necessary work about his rural home. He re- mained under the parental roof until grown, as- sisting to bring his father's farm under cultiva- tion, and spending his winter in school during that time. April 27, 1876. he was married to Miss Maiy J. Newport, tiie daughter of .loliii Newport, of Farniersville, one of the prominent men of the count}'. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard was blessed with nine children, who are in the order of their births as follows: Otis, deceased; Nel- lie M.. .Tolin, Henry, Chalmers, Emma, Samuel, Frank, and an inf.ant daughter yet unnamed. Mr. Gerhard's land comprises four bundled acres, and is carefully tilled and cultivated. All Ins farming operations are conducted in a progressive and superior manner, and it needs V)ut a glance over his broad acres to understand that an ex- perienced hand is at tlie helm. His records as a private citizen and neighbor are .■ilikc iiiitiirnished anfl in all the affairs of life lie jiys borne himself l:^^'' ^im ^*«*T, ^v»' "^ . -^ ^ ' -'^ RESIDENCE OF PETER STUTLE , SEC.11.,5. LITCHFIELD TP^MONTGOMERY CO.JLL. RESIDENCE OF L. M. GERH ARD , 5EC.22.^B01S D' ARC TR, MONTGOMERY CO., 1 LL PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 227 ill ail ii[iiit;lil iiiaiiiu'r, mid is rec think of beside the pleasures of the eye. From those unpromising fields must come the sustenance of tlie little family, and perhaps it was partly discouragement that caused tiie deatli of tlie father in one year from the time of the re- moval. The poor mothercould also endure liardship no longer, and in three weeks more the children were orphans. Tlie biographer would love to give to interested readers the details of the life of the subject of our sketch, but witliin the present limits lie must be brief. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Skeen who still survive are as follows: John, Catherine, Henr3r, Marion, and Ellen, who is the wife of John Chisin. None of tiiese children had any educational ad- vantages, as they grew to maturity in the pioneer times of the count3', but they all have become peo- ple of prominence and have conducted tlieir lives and affairs with fulij^ as much success as has at- tended many of a younger generation who liave liad more advantages. Catherine was married March 11, 1841, to Dan- iel K. Fitzjarrell, who was born in Ohio in Aiuil, 1818, and was the son of EH and Tabitha Fitzjar- rell. When a boy he came to Illinois with his parents, and tlie first location of the family was in Greene County, but later Macoupin County became their home. To Mr. and Mrs. Fitzjarrell ten children were born, and five were reared: El- len, the wife of Columbus Reno; Celia, Mrs. Wiley nines; Joseph; Saraii. Mrs. Roach, whose liusband is deceased; and Emma, the wife of A. Miller. For man3- years after marriage our subject resided in Macoupin County, but just before the Civil War the family moved into Montgomery County, and for several years lived on the farm now owned by C.H. Barton, in Pitman Township. Tliencethey moved to the farm where Mrs. Fitzjarrell now lives, and where, in the spring of 1863, occurred the death of Mr. Fitzjarrell, who was one of tlie men of a community who can be ill spared. lie was respected by all, and the sterling traits in his cliaracter made him a man to whom all looked for guidance. He was active in the forwarding of all county interests, and was lamented as a kind father and husband and an obliging neighbor. Mrs. Fitzjarrell is well known among her pioneer neighbors and is beloved wherever known. Her ready sympathy is alwaj'S extended to those in trouble, and she understands how to lighten heav}- burdens. Ilcr tales of pioneer life are most enter- taining, and all wish that she may long live to re- late them. She owns one hundred and fifty-eigtit and one-fourth acres of land, this being a part of what she and her iuisband worked for and earned. Her home is now witli her daughter, Mrs. Miller, and four dear grandchildren here claim her care and affection: Francis Z., Catherine E., Ellen and Eli L. Another daugliter, Mrs. Roaeli, lives on the farm, and in her family are two grandeliildren, Laura E. and Artliur A., in whom "Grandma" Fitzjarrell renews her youth. ,l/_^ E. APPLETON. The luune with which we K )|) commence this biography is that of one of the oldest residents of tlie town of Litch- field. He came here in 1854, at wliich time the place had just been platted, and can therefore give a great many points witli regard to the early liistory of the section of the countiy in which he lias so long made his home. Mr. Appletou is a native of Hampshire. En- gland, his birth having occurred February 13, 1828. He received his education in England, and after completing the same took up the trade of wagon-maker as the vocation he chose to pursue through life. In the year 1851, the tide of emi- gration from the Mother Country swept near the home of our subject, and he became inspired witii the spirit of enterprise, which soon compelled liis departure for the United States, where the pos- sibilities of a prosperous future seemed to be more easily realized than in his native land. Mr. Appleton first settled at Alton, Madison County, 111., where he worked at his trade. Afterward he moved to Ridgley, where, with James W. Jeffries, R. W. O'Bannon and W. T. Elliott, he inaugurated a town, and there our subject con- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 229 tinned as a wagon and carriage maker, and was very successful in Ins line. In tiie year 1866, lie took a position as superintendent in a coal com- pany, and increased the business to such an extent that in 1875 he assisted in incorporating a com- pany witii $10,000 capital stock, and assumed the direction of same as Vice-president. For some time after the incorporation of this compan}', the enteri)rise did not prove as successful as was anti- cipated, hut owing to the keen business manage- ment and excellent ability of Mr. Appleton,, it was recognized in a few years as one of the best- paying concerns of its kind in that part of the country. Mr. Applelon is the possessor of a farm, and is also one of the stockholders of the Electric Light and Water Supply Coin]iany. The residence of our subject is one of the beau- tiful spots in the city wilii which he has been so closely allied as founder, citizen and promoter of its enter[irises. One of the tirst pieces of real estate he (jwned in this locality is what is now known as Market House Square, which was a gift from Mr. Ap[ileton to the town. He is a man of generous and kindly iri)|iulse.s, and fortune has crowned his efforts with success, |)lacing him in a position of independence with regard to his fel- low-men. He is a firm believer in the doctrine of giving to the poor and lending to the Lord, liut his charities are of the kind that seek no publica- tion, and iKine but the donor and recijjient have knowledge of the many deeds of kindness that are somewhere recorded against his name. The immediate family of (_)ur suliject consists of a wife and two children. Mrs. Apideton was Mi.ss Alva E. liutt, a lady of Englisii liirth and parent- age, and one whose life and labors have won for her the hearty respect of those w1h» know her, and the more loving regard of all with whom she is more intimately associated. Our subject's chil- dren are E. 15. and Miss Jessie A[)[)letoii. When the story of the organization and early de- velopment of Litchfield is fitly tohl, the name of H. E. Applelon will be found ainoiig those who have always had the welfare of the place at heart, and generously aided the settlement, improvement and growth of Litchfield by their own exertions and means. It is to such men that ^rr-<^^- R. II. S. SHORT is a member of lliat pro- fession whii'h is one of the nolilest to which a man can devote his life, and one which operates effectively in time of need .in arresting and alleviating the pains and ailments to which the human body is heir, and one also wiiicii deserves the most appreciative consideration on the part of the public. .\s a follower of this uol)le calling, the gratitude of hundreds is due to the skill and talent of Dr. Short, who has been an ac- tive practitioner in this section f(U- manv \ears and has acquired considerable prominence. He was born in Randoli)h County, N. ('., May I, 1840, a sou of Lemuel and Mary (Ilaskett) Short, who were born, reared and married in the old North State, the former being a successful school teacher. He f(.)llowed tliis occupatiiui forty-four years and attained prominence as an educator. John Short, grandfather of our subject, was born in the North of Ireland, but was brought to Am- erica by his parents when about four years of age, .and eventually became a school, music and writino- teacher in North Carolina, lie was well edui-ated, and became more than ordinarily successful in his chosen calling. He followed this occupation for fifty years and li\cd to be eighty-seven years of .age. Isaac ll.askett, the maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in North Caro- lina, was a farmer by oi^cupation, and died in A'irginia, at the i)atriarchal age of ninety-eight years. His parents were born in France. Lemuel Short and Mary Ilaskett were married in Randolph County, N. C, April 5. 1838, and the mother is still living, being now (181)2) in her seventy-sixth year, .\fler the death of .Mr. Short, she liecame the wife of .1. II. Buckmaster on tlie 1th of July, 1866, but this union did not result in 230 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlio birth of any cliildren. Eleven children were born 1(1 her first nuiriiage, seven sons and four daughters, namely: F. E., of Tennessee; Dr. II. 8., the suljject of tliis sketch; Adella J., deceased, who became the wife of IJennett Poland and the nio- tlier of twelve children; Jonathan S.; Mary P., the wife of George fStokes, of Fayette County, 111.; William A., who was killed in Montana; Nerius, who died at the age of two years; Oliver S., of Fillmore, 111.; A. J., who died in 1880; Hannah L., who is deceased, and Frances D., also deceased. Dr. H. S. Short was the second member of this family, and until he attained his fourteenth year he was a resident of the State in which he was born, a|id there commenced attending school at the age of four years. He also attended the dis- trict schools of Faj-ette C'ountj', 111., and the West- field (Ind.) High .School, but u|)on the bursting of the war cloud that had so long hovered over the country, he, on the ;3d of July, 1861, enlisted in the service of his country and became a mem- ber of Company C, Thirty-fifth Illinois Infantry, as a private, and took part in the following en- g.agements: Corinth, Perryville, Stone River, and Chattanooga, and was with (ien. Sherman on his famous march to the sea. He received his dis- charge at Springfield, 111., September 27, 1864, and ■was mustered out there by 8. 8. Sumner. Three of his brothers also saw service in the armj^ After the close of the war, he returned to Illinois and began teaching school at Ramsey, and also read medicine with Dr. J. C. Jones. He then took a course of lectures in the Medical College of Cin- cinnati, Ohio, after which he practiced four years. He came to Fillmore July 27, 1869, .and May 19., 1873, graduated at Cincinnati from the Eclectic Medical Institute. He has been a member of the Illinois State Eclectic Medical Society since its or- ganization, as well as of the Montgomery County- Medical Society. October 31, 1871, our subject married, at Ram- .sey, 111., Miss Sarah M. Stokes, a native of Fayette County', this State, who was born on the 2;3th of October, 1851, a daughter of P>yid and Margaret Stokes, and their union has resulted in the birth of four sons and two daughters: AVilliam T., Mary L., Emma E., Ulysses S., Walter C. and Lemuel B. Maiy L. is an experienced and successful school teacher, .as is also William T., who h.as followed that occupation with good results since he was nineteen years of .age. The Doctor has been a member of the Ancient Fiec & Accepted Masons since 1806, and is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, in which he is now FLx- amining Surgeon. He is a strong Republican and ran .as a popular candidate for County Coroner in the fall of 1892. His professional career from the first h.as been one of gratifying results, for he is thoroughly fitted b>' study and experience for a superior physician, and has built up a reputation for professional skill and ability that is not merely local but extends over a wide range of territorv. ' ^ I < m il l ' ,, ENRY (i. WIHTEIIOUSE, one of the wide- awake and enterprising young farmers of Montgomery County, residing on section 29, South Litchfield Township, was born near Mt. Olive, in Macoupin County, 111., March 2, 18.56. His parents were William H. and Justine (Nobbe) Whitehouse, the former of whom had come to America in 1843. He was then a young man in limited circumstances, but by good busi- ness ability, enterprise and perseverance, worked his way steadilj- upward to a position of wealth and affluence, and at his death, in 1878, left a large estate. He had made several trips to Europe, hop- ing to benefit his health, but at length was called to his final rest. He left nearly three thousand acres of land, besides other valuable interests. In the family were five brothers, namely: William, Gottleib, Henry, Fred and Charles, though three are now deceased. Charles is a wealthy farmer residing in this county. The brothers were all successful business men and .ac(piired considerable property, but the father gained the largest fortune of them all. The mother of our subject is still living. Henry G. w.as reared to manhood in the usual manner of farmer lads, and his education was ac- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 233 quired in the German and public scliools. After attaining to years of maturity, lie was united in marriage, in 1877, with Miss Ann, daughter of Henry Neiniann, one of the substantial and repre- sentative farmers of this community. .Six children grace this union, one son and live daughters, namely: Louis, .Sophia. Angustina. Loua, Slary and Matilda. Since the death of his father, Mr. Whitchouse has not only looked after his own fine farm, but lias assisted his mother in the management of the es- tate, which has not yet been divided among the heirs. His land is well tilled and under a high state of cultivation, and the many improvements upon his place indicate the thrift and enterprise of the owner, who is numbered among the leading agriculturists of the township. He is a prominent citizen aud has been honored with several local oiKces, having served as Highway Commissioner, School Director, and for the [last ten years has been the efiicient Treasurer of South Litchfield Town- ship school funds. He is a leading and iuHuential citizen, and has the confidence and high regard of a large circle of friends and acquaintances in this community. In jiolitical matters he is a standi Republican. ♦ss^; ^Hs♦^•^ /^ APT. P. C. WOOD. This gentleman may (l( be counted among the old residents of ^^^' Montgomery, for he \v;is Ikh-ii in Kast Fork Township, August 22, l!S3."). His father, Thomas Wood, was a native of South Carolina, who was bi.iin in l.Sdl. and there grew to mature ye;irs. Tu 1823 he came to Bond County, HI., but only re- mained there until the following year, when he made a settlement in Montgomery County. He located on section K, where he took up land from the Government and built a log cabin. LSxLS feet, cutting the trees for the house from his farm. He improved his pl.ace, cleared it of the brush and timber with which it was covered, and there re- ceived his final summons in 1858. He was a sol- dier in the Black ILawk War. Our subject's paternal grandfather, Thom.as Wofid, Sr., was of English >'^i o"*-' of the very pronii- ' ncnt and widely-known residents of Mul- berry Grove, III., is a familiar [lersonage in §)) the social and commercial as well as the |)o- litieal circles of IMulhorry (Srove Township, ISond County, III. He is engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, and holds the important otlicc of Police Magistrate, and is also a Notaiy Public, having held the latter otHce for nineteen years. Our subject was born in Coles County. 111., No- vcmlier 2, 1833, near the village of Ashniore. The father of Mr. Combs was John Coir.bs, a man who was well known tlircmghout the Slate. He was born DeceinbiT 20, I.SIO, in East Tennessee, and remained in the same locality until he was seven- teen years old. wlieii he moved with his parents into Indiana, where they remained for four years. Here the young man began the study of medicine, and when the family removed to Clark County, HI., he continued his studies and liecamea practic- ing iihysician, and followed his profession until his death, which occurred in Mullierrv (irove, July 13, 18.-)1, of cholera. The grandfather of our subject wasalso a native of East Tennessee, and there conducted a farm until his enlistment in the War of 1812. The mother of our subject was formerly Elizabeth M. ]\Iitcliell, who was born in Russell County, Ky., January 3. 1812, and when (piite young removed witli her jiarents to the State of Indiana. She came to Coles County, 111., in 1828, while her death took |)lace in Kansas, in 18116. Her father, .loliii Mitchell, a native of North Carolina, resided near Guilford, where occurred the battle of (lull- ford Court House. This battle was fought on her grandfather's plantation, and there yet may be found in some of the deep fui-rows which the plow of the hnsbandman turns up an occasional bullet which long ago did its deadly work. The family came of that niixtuie of Scotch-Irish blood which has given the world some of its most eloquent men and lovely women. The parents of our suliject reared a family of nine children, only six of wlunn grew to full ma- turity, and but live are now living. Of these the gentleman of whom we write is the eldest. His youngest brother, William, became jiromiiient in the State of Kansas, and held the position of Judge of Lyon County from 1888 to 1890. The others of the family have become well and favorablv known in the localities where lliey have lived. ]\Ir. Combs of this notice came into Ilond County, III., March 1, 181.''), and tt) the town of :\lulberry Grove March. 2, IHIC. His first school days were passed in Marshall, Clark County, 111., whence lie went to the celebrated McKendree College at Lebanon, III., to finish his education. He wasonlv nineteen years of age when he began the manage- ment of his own affairs, and so determined was lie to obtain an education, that he perseveriiigly worked his own wav throngh a year's course at college. After such a preparation he found teacli- ing a congenial employment, and for six years he followed it. August 21, 1851), he married Martha E. 15nchanan, who graced his home but a few short years, when death claimed her for its own. She left three children at the time of her decease: Jen- nie, now Mrs. Holt, (.)f Pocahontas; Lillic, who finds a home with her sister; and Ernest E., who is a graduate of the college at \'al(iaraiso, Ind., and was elected I'resident of the Alumni, and is now I'lincipal of a school at Sorento, 111. The seet)nd mnrri.age of our subject took place here, and the lady who liecaine Mrs. Combs was Louisa A. Hurke, nee Russell, a resident of this town. No children have resulted from this union. Mr. Combs is an ardent Republican and has done 23G PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. much for hi.s party, of whicli he has been a meni- bei- since its organization, and in 1869 he was elected to the otHce of Justice of tlic Peace and served until 1877; he was re-elected in Maj-, 1891, and has also served one term as Scliool Di- rector. He has licen a Notary Public for the past nineteen years, and is the .second oldest Notary in the county. His election to the Legislature to represent the district composed of Bond, Clinton and AVashington Counties, took place in 1888, and he took an active i)art in the special session of 189(1, when the World's Fair question was under di.scussion. Mr. Combs served three years in the late war, having enlisted in Company E, Twenty-second Il- linois Infantiy, and was in all of the principal battles of the war. He came out of the struggle without wounds, but with cx])eriences which have left a lasting influence. His life has been one of business and he has been successful in many ways. Few men attain all of the heights which j'outh promises, but Mr. Combs has .accomiilished much more than many of those who started under more favoring circumstances. ^\ '\m \^^ ON. DAVID H. ZFPP. Among the many prominent names that make up the strength of the Illinois Bar is that of Hon. David H. )j Zepp, who possesses solid, substantial tal- ent and is an example of what maj' be accom- plished by push and energy. He is one of those men. too few in number, who fully recognize the truth so often urged by the sages of the law, that, of all men, the reading and thought of the lawyer should be the most extended. Systematic reading gives a more comprehensive grasp to the mind, va- riety and richness to thought, and a clearer percep- tion of the motives of men and the |)rinciples of things. This he ii.as found most essential in the prosecution of his professional practice. He is one of the prominent attorneys and capit.'dists of Nokorais, and is a true tyjie of (he self-made man. Born in Carroll County, Md., August 5, 1845, Mr. Zepp is a son of Samuel and Caroline (Zim- merman) Zepp. Our subject's great-grandfather, Leonard Zepp, was a native of Switzerland and came to America just at the close of the Kev- ohitionary War. Settling in Frederick County, Jld., he reared his family, and in that State the grandfather of our subject, Leonard Zepp, Jr., was born. The father of our subject, Samuel Zepi), was liorn in Frederick County, Md., in 18'22. The Zimmermans were of German extraction, and the first one of the family to settle in America was our subject's great-grandfather, who located in Adams County, Pa., about the year 1750. In this county, Mrs. Zepp's father. Christian Zimmer- man, was born about 1780, and in 1800 he moved to Maryland. He settled in that part of Frederick County now included in Carroll County, and there Mrs. Zepp was born in 1824. Samuel Zepp and Miss Caroline Zimmerman were married in 1843, and on their plantation the original of this notice grew to manhood. He gen- erally attended school three or four months during the 3'ear, and the b.alance of the time was devoted to the arduous duties of the farm. This continued until he had reached his eighteenth year, when he started out as a school teacher in his native county. After teaching one term he was engaged as Prin- cipal of the public schools at Taneytown, Carroll County, Md., and the following year was made Superintendent of the public schools at West- minster, on a salary of |i50 per month, that being the highest salarj' paid in the county up to that time. He continued in that position for two years, and during this time he commenced to read law in the office of Judge John E. Smith, with whom he remained two years, and in Novem- ber, 1868, upon motion of Judge Smith, he was admitted to the Bar. In the winter of 1868 and 1869 he was Superintendent of the schools at Union Bridge, Md., but in May, 1869, he deter- mined to seek fame and foi'tunc in the great West. Accordingly, he left his native heath and journeyed toward the Prairie State, first stopiiing at Mattoon, Coles County. Wiicn starting out for liimself, INIr. Zepp's cash capital w.as by no means large, and when he arrived at Mattoon he was al- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 237 most penniless, in fact, in balancing np his cash account he found he had just thirteen cents. He was in a strange land, among strangers, and some- Ihing had to be done. After icmaining at Mattoon for one month, he went to liunker Hill, where the harvest was just commencing, and he being a strong and able- Ijodied man, hired out at ^.'5 per day, and in tliis manner accumulated considerable means. He began teaching school in Palmyra, Macoupin County, and the following harvest found him again in the field, for in his ambition to get a start in Ihe world lie was determined, for the time, to do any work that would bring him money, pro- viding it was iiouorable employment. While work- ing in llu' lield he learned that the Board of Educa- tion at llillsboro wanted to secure a new Superin- tendent, and he at once went to that place to make ai)|)lication. A week later he received word by mail that he liad been appointed to the position at a salary of §80 per month for len 7n(.inths. At the expiration of this time, oi' m .Tune, 1871, he formed a partnership in the lavv Inisiness witli T. A. Walls, a prominent attorney of Nokomis, but the following October his partner died and he succeeded to the thriving Ijusiness of the oHice. Ills reiHitation as an educator caused the Board of Education at Nokomis to secure liim as .Su|)erin- tendent of tlie i)ul)lic schools at tiiis place, which position he occupied for one year. He was then out of school for two years, when they again made a proposition that if he would acce[)t $125 per montli, they would allow him to have time to at- tend to his lavv practice and be present during the sessions of court. This he saw fit to accept, and the ar^-angement lasted one year. Then on ac- count of his constantly increasing business, he was oliiigiKl to give up tiie ))lace. Soon after this, or on the 8th of Scptemlier, 1874, lie was married to Miss Ella Beaver, of Westmin- ster, Aid., who was reared, like her iuisband, in a slave State. Early in life oui- siibjeet learned to detest the institution of liuman slavery, and as he grew older he became a pronounced Abolition- ist, It would be only natural therefore to expect to liiid him afler llie .■iliolil ion of sjavcrv' a pro- iioiiiiced and ardent Hepublicaii, as he is. In 1616, his party, recognizing his true worth and great ability, elected him to the State Legislature, a po- sition he filled in a most satisf.actory and capable manner. Me was a member of the house w hen the great light was made against Eogaii for the United States Senate, and, being a great admirer of the soldier and statesman, he supjiorted him from first, to last. Even when defeat stared him in the face he never wavered. Wliiie a member of the Legislature his aliility was recognized liy hisbeiiiir placed on many of the iini)ortant committees, and he was Chairman of the Committee on Executive Deiiartments which brouglit him in contact willi (![ary, who resides in No- komis; and Roy, a bright boy of seven 3'ears. In politics Mr Calihan is a hearty and most earnest su|iporter of Republican princi|)les. lie is a mem- ber C)f the (irand Army of the Republic, belonging to the Post iit Xokomis, in which he has served as S. v., J. \'., and in other minor offices. -^ EXRY SAATIIOFF. The i)ublic is always curious concerning men who have made a success in life, no matter whether that suc- vvs* cess may be (.)ne of rank, wealth or state, or a result of noble endeavor. Oftentimes tiiis is an idle and impertinent curiosity, but on the other hand the histor}' of one who fills his niche accept- abl}', doing to the best of his ability that which fate has set before him, cannot but be a helpful lesson to the reader. Of such is our subject, who, though living the ipiiet life of a farmer, brings such thoroughness and persistent effort tt) bear in his daily vocation, that a dignity is lent to it of which it is sometimes unhappily bereft. Henry Saathoff is one of the German-American citizens of this locality, who was born in the king- dom of Hanover, December .'il, 18-lG. He is a son of Ileiel and Annie (Mueller) Saatlujff, and is the fourth in order of birth of theii' family of eight children. Of tliesc, hini.self and brother IlcicI arc all tliat are spared. When our sulijecl was onls' eleven years of age, or in 18.")7, the Santhoft' family came to Auierica, and at once proceeding Westward, settled in Mad- ison County, this State. After a residence of two years there, they removed tn Montgomery Country. As the family means were very limited, and (.'ucli child had to contribute as much as possible to the common support, young Henry found but little time to prosecute his studies. That which he has was mostly ac(jnired before his eleventh year, in his native coinitry. In IKTG, he lost his mother, and eleven years later death came and laid its rest- ful hand upon the heart that had lieaten for him in paternal solicitude. In 1867, Mr. SaathoH' was united in marriage with Miss Frances Reiser. She died March 10, 181)0. Of the nine children that came to gladden their home, five are now living. Of these, Annie is the wife of J. F. Whitworth, a merchant of prominence in Sorento. Mary died at the age of fifteen years; Ileiel, .lohn, Ira and Lena are all prosecuting their studies here, and iirei)aring to take their places as loyal American citizens. A|)ril 19, 18'J1, our subject married his present wife, who was a Miss Sophia Ilaafker, a native of Hanover, Germany, anA/f ^^^^^ ^^^ when tin W^ spent in active an ILLIAai SCilARF. Our subject has re.aehed le dignity of years well id productive labor ex- em|its him from the weariness of toil at the [ires- eiit time. He is now recognized .as one of the lu'ominent and wealthy retired farmers, living at a l)leasant distance from the busy t wn of Sorento, in Shoal Creek Township, lionil Count\'. The town of Sorento when laid out included a |)art of what was then his farm. ]Mr. Scliarf was liorn in the province of Schlesien, in the kingdom of Prussia, August 11, 1S2,'). Karly in life he learned the bhicksmitli 's tradi^, which he followed in his native land until he went to America in IHTi'i. After that time, he was eni- [iloyed at his trade in St. J>ouis for four years, and in IH.'il) he purchased oin' liundred acres of land in Pleasant Prairie, lioiid County, wliere he has ever since lived. While residing in .Missouri, l'"eliruary 18, 1851, our suliject was married to Augusta Lohmann, who is a native of Hanover, (Germany. She hail one child, who, (in her mother's marriage to Mr. Scharf, Uiok that name. lie grew to manhood, the pride of his foster father. It was this ehild, .\ugnst Scharf, who laid I I I I 1 ILIJAM N. DONNELL, who for many years was connected with the agricultural [/ interests of this community, but is now living retired in Greenville, has the honor of be- ing a native of Bond County, and is a worthy re- presentative of one of the prominent pioneer families. He was born November 1, 1821. Two years previously his parents, George and Anna (McLean) Donnell, had come to this county from North Carolina. They were natives of Guilford County, that State, and mention is made of them in the sketch of Joseph Donnell, which ap- pears on another page of this work. On reaching this county they located on a farm live miles southwest of Greenville. At one lime the father was acquainted with every man in the county, for the settlers were few at that early day. Subsequently he removed to I.a Grange Township, where he purchased a farm of one hundred and sixty acres of timber land and si.vlj acres of prairie. Ijiter he removed to PuETRAlT AND BIOGRAI^HICAL RECORD. 247 riieenville, and spent the remainder of bis days retired from labor, and died in 1877, wlien about ciglitv-four years of ag'e. His wife was called to her final rest in 1888, at the very advanced age of ninety-five years. 'Die family numbered ten chil- dren, six of wliiini are now living, as follows: Jo- seph M., William X., James JNI., (ieorge W., Henry C. and Mrs. Emily McCord. William Douuell spent the days of his boyhood and 30utli in the usual manner of farmer lads. He was educated in Ilillsboro Academy, and after- ward engaged in teaching school for two terms. He took a trii) to North Carolina on horseb.ack, some eight hundred miles, and while on his return visited Gen. Jackson in Tennessee. He also heard Henry Clay speak for two hours in Raleigh, N. C. In 1847, Mr. Donnell was united in marriage with Miss Luticia J. White, of Greenville, daughter of .Samuel and Cynthia White, who were pioneer settlers of this village. I>y theii- union have lieen born seven children: Delia, now the wife of W. C. Ingram, of Kansas, by whom she has three chil- dien, Nellie, Lotta and William; Mary E., Samuel H. and Calvin M., at home; Albert O., who married Ella AVall.ace; William D. and Ellen W. Throughout the greater part of his business career, Mr. Donnell engaged in agricultural pur- suits. Entering one hundred and twenty acres of land from the ot and shoe manufacturer of that city, and enteied his shop for the purpose of learning the trade. Dur- ing the four years that he remained thus emploj'ed, he learned the minutest detail of the business, and upon leaving the establishment he could make as good a boot or shoe as his uncle, who had devoted many years to the business, and thus was a credit to his teacher. He at oiice returned to Ilillsboro, 111., where he estal)lished himself in the same busi- ness on his own account, but later turned his at tention to the clothing business, and o|)ened an establishment of some i)retensions in Ilillsboro,' which he conducted with reasonable success for three years, at the end of which time he disposed of his stock of goods and began turning his atten- tion to other pursuits. On the 1st of January, 18',ll,lie took u[) his resi- dence in Nokomis, and once more turned his at- tention to his former occu]iation of manufacturing boots and shoes, and founded his present reliable establishment. He at once secured a foremost place in the confidence and patronage of a dis- criminating public, and his unremitting energy and industry, as well as his upright dealing, have made liis house a thoroughly reliable one. He manufactures a full and complete line of footwear for all ages and both sc.xes, from the daintiest French kid ball slipper to stout shoes for men and boys' wear, and what he does not know about the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 249 manufacture of boots and slioes may safely be said to lie not worth knowing. Mis prices are very reasonable, and, as lie is prompt in meetin" his orders, his house has deservedly become a {lopular one. He is a ])ublie-spirited citizen, wide-awake to the interests of his section, and, being a gentleman of pleasing address, is much esteemed. He is a mem- ber of the Modern Woodmen of America, and, having been reared in the I^lman Catholic Churcli, has always clung to that faith. On tlie -Ith of May, 1886, he was united in marriage with Miss Catherine lluher, of Perry ('(.mnty. Mo., Iiy whom lie has two bright little children, a son and daugh- ter: Carl Huber and Florence Adeline. "^ €+^- ,[^ .^ [^~ ^' A. LYNCH. In no line so much as in the li(luor business has a buyer to rely .so much on the knowledge and reiiresentations of '^^l/' the seller, therefore it is pleasant to niite the name of a house liaving a special name for reliability. The firm of Lynch Hros. is one of the most priimment and reliable in the city of No- komis, and its members are men of enterprise and excellent business acumen. .1. A. Lynch, the sen- ior member of the firm, is a native of the "Sucker State," born in Litchfield, Montgomery County, January 18, 18(17, and is one of seven children liorn to Martin ."ind Nora Lynch, now residents of Litchfield. Martin Lynch was born in the Xditlidf Ireland, and eaiiii' to .\merica about the year LSI.'), locat- ing at Crawfordsville, Ind., where he was engaged by what is now known as the IJig F(uir Railroad and was for years section bn^-s at different |iiiiiits on the line of the road. For twenty years he has been thus engaged at Litchfield. He is a gentle- man iif niuch enter|irise and aiiibili at odd times. When fourteen years of age, lie was placed in charge of the ollice at Litthfield, and, as far as we have been able to learn, was the youngest lioy who had filled a like jiosition up to that time. He was thoroughly familiar with the art, and continued in the olHce at Litclitield for several years. From there he went to I\Latloon, where his brother was train dis|)ati-lier, entered the oflice, and there continued for some time. Subsequently he went to St. Louis, liec.ame .assistant train dispatcher, hiilding this responsible position when but a boy, and nnnaining for some time. Returning to his native ])laee he ciiiilinueil as lelegrajih oiierator until isss. when he resigned his position to engage in the li(iuor business with his brother at Ivitchfield. In this business he re- mained until .Inly, 1h:m, when he was again seized witli a desire to return to his former occu- pation. He went to Denison, Tex., and worked in ail ollice at that place for a few months !iut it soon lost its charm and lie returned to Illinois. He resumed business with his brother in the sa- loon at Mattooii, where he conduct('<1 that Inisi- ness until he came to Nokoiiiis to take charge of the business at that {ilace. These brothers, active, enterprising and pro- gressive as they are, have a sakion at Sullivan, one at Mattoon and another at Nokomls. They handle the products of the best distilleries, and all their goods are noted for their purity and age, and their stock in all lines is full and complete. Although the history of this house in Xokomis is comi)arativelv short, it has .alre.adv reached a po- 250 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sition among the lencliiig houses in its line in that cit}', and its trade is constantly increasing in vol- ume. Our subject is a great favorite with the railroad lioj's and a very agreeable and genial j'oung man. H/ :h: a.i^^ j,ILLIA]\I W. WHITLOW. Our subject is a prominent citizen of the locality in which he lives, and Supervisor of Harvel Town- ship, Montgomery Count}'. lie lias a fine residence on section 21, of this township, where he carries on extensive farming operations. He is a native of Greene County, this State, and was born April 1, 1834. His parents were Daniel and Fannie (Ray) Whitlow; the former was a native of Kentucky and the latter of North Carolina. They came to Greene County, 111., during the '30s. Our subject was the eldest son of his father's family. He was reared to man's estate in his native county and although he had not the advant- ages of a higher education, whatever knowledge he gained was due to his own efforts. He kecnl}' appreciates the fact that a man with a practical as well as theoretical knowledge of the sciences and arts has greatly the advantage over one who is deficient in this respect. Feeling that life was incomplete without a part- ner to share his J03'S and sorrows, our subject took unto himself a wife. He was married Maj' 11, 1858, his bride being Miss Fannie E.TIiomasson, a native of Greene County and a daughter of William Thomasson. This union has been lilessed by the advent of six children, whose names areas follows: George K., William A., John W., Agnes, Flora and Eva. Agnes is the wife of .John F. Aiill; Flora married P.. Hcndiicks, and Eva is the wife of John Fehr. The advent of our subject into Montgomery County was in I8()5,and at that time he settled in Harvel Township and that has been his home ever since, lie owns seven hundred and twent}' acres of land, of wliich ho has made an ideal farm. Every part is cultivated as thoroughly as possible, and drainage, water facilities and labor-saving devices are found here to perfection. All that he possesses he has made liy his personal exertion and as can be seen the years that have passed have been in nowise wasted. For fifteen years our subject served as Highway Commissioner and has been re-elected year after year to the office of Supervisor of the township. In addition to these duties, he is School Treas- urer and his public offices occupy much of his time and attention. Democracy is the prin- ciple of politics that appeals to him most strongly. He seeks to enthuse his neighbors with an idea that improvement in any tiirection is for the pub- lic good. P^aternally he is a member of the Inde- pendent Order of Odd Fellows and serves at the present time as Treasurer of the lodge. D. HOLMES. Agriculture and stock- raising have formed the principal occupa- tion of this gentleman, and the wide-awake manner in which he has taken advantage of all methods and ideas tending to enhance the value of his property has had a great deal to do with obtaining the comiietence which he now en_ jovs. Personal popularity, it cannot he denied, results largely from the industry, perseveiiui ee and close attention to business which a person displays in the management of an}' particular branch of trade, and in the case of Mr. Holmes this is cer- tain 1\' true, for he has adhered so closely to the above-mentioned pursuits that high esteem has been placed upon him. He is a native-born resi- dent of this county, his birth having occurred in East Fork Township, September 5, 1847. His father, Joel Holmes, was a native of the Pine Tree State, born in the year 1813, and when about three years of age his father and mother died. lie was put out and reared in New York State until twcnly-otio years of age. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 251 wlifii he came direct to Montgomery County, III., and entered tlie land where his son, our subject, now resides. He was married in this county to Miss Marandis I), liennelt, a native of tlie Old Bay State, who was thirteen years of age when she came with her parents to the Prairie State. After mar- riage Mr. and Mrs. Holmes located where our sub- ject now resides, made many improvements on the place and tiiere received their final summons, the father dying in 1870 and the mother in 1883. They were honest, uiu-ight citizens, frugal and in- dustrious, and were highly esteemed in the com- munity in which they lived. Their family con- sisted of six children, three sons and three daugh- ters, two sons and one daughter now living. The original of this notice was reared and edu- cated in his native place, and received his scholastic training in the log schoolhouse with no windows, and in Hillsboro Academy. lie assisted his father in developing and imitroving the home place, and continued to reside under the parental roof until his marriage, which occurred on the ;i()tii of Oc- tober, 1870, with Miss Amanda Barnett, a native of Franklin County, 111., born JNIay 7, 1849, and the daughter of Jesse and Mary A. (Abbott) Bar- nett. Directly after his marriage, our subject lo- cated on section "28, East Fork Township), and there continued to make his home for about five years, after which lie moved to the farm that he now owns. This is the old homestead, where his boy- hood days were spent, and here he expects to pass tlie remainder of his life. Mr. Ih)lines has made many imiirovements in his farm and now has one of the most productive tracts of land in the township. Beginning life with little capital, he has been very successful, and is now accounted one of the substantial men of his locality. His business abilities are liisl-class, and few men in this section have taken better advan- tage of such opportunities as have been afforded him. While his own interests have engrossed his attention to a great extent, he has never lost sight of the public welfare, and there are few of his fel- low-citizens who have been more helpful tii the general good of the community than has Mr. ]M. I). Holmes. His marriage resulted in liie birth of eight cliil- dren three daughters and five sons, as follows: Hattie D. died at the age of eighteen years; Fred D.; Ollie S. died when two years of age; Chester D.; Hiram M.; Clara I), ilicd at the. age of fourteen months; Bertie died at the age of niiu'teeii months, and Harold, died when (piitc small. j\lr. Holmes owns two hundred and forty acres of land, nearly all under cultivation, and is a first-class farmer and stock-raiser. In politics, he is a Repuliliean. For twenty years he has been School Director, and both he and his wife are worthy members of the Presby- terian Church, in which he is a Trustee. •?;#- =^s* DWARD N. WILCOX. It takes a strong arm and steady nerve to be the undoing of the gift of life to even the humblest of (lod's creatures, and although the purve\drs of the more substantial part of our daily food are necessarily engaged in a sanguinary business, it is one not enough appreciated. Mr. Wilcox, of whom we write, is the most prominent butcher in No- komis. lie is a native of this State, having been born in Christian County, Octolier oO, 18.M. Edward N. is a son of (ieorge and Elizabeth (Ilulett) Wilcox, both of whom, however, died when he w.as but a small child. The little orphan was made one of the family of Mr. .lohii Busby, a farmer residing in Montgomery County, 111. His educational advantages were but limited, but he had the making of a good man in him, and what is born in a man is sure to come out in his later life, irrespective of conditions or position. Jlr. Wilcox had inherited a sturdy fiber and iiersistency that insured him success in whatever he attempted. His ambitions were modest, and set within what he was sure that he could attain. Our subject was engaged in farming until I.S8((, when, in company with a brothei--iii-law, he came to Nokomis, and soon became engaged in the butcher business. He was thus occupied for four years, and then, feeling the necessity of a change, he returned to his agricultural occupation, and was •2;V2 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. thus Pillaged until the winter of 1892. .Seeing a lucrative opening in the Inisincss in which he had formerly been engaged, lie re-established himself in Nokoniis in partnership with Lewis J. Rupert, and they have the leading market in the town, and cater to the best trade. Their patrons are always sure of finding delicious, juicy steaks, and roasts such as would gladden the heart of an P^nglish- man. Our subject's family life began in 1882, when he was married to Miss Lilly D. Sleeth. Their pleasant home has been brightened by the advent of three attractive children: ^'erlie, Grace and May. Their fond |)arents look eagerly into the future, anticipating bright destinies for their dear ones. W/OHN HERWIG. The reputation that ISIr. I Ilerwig enjoys is not only that of a substantial ^~. I and progressive farmer, but of an intelligent (^g/y man who is thoroughly posted on all public affairs. Although just in the prime of life, he has made his way to the front ranks among the ener- getic farmers of Montgomery County, and owing to the attention always paid to every minor detail, he has accumulated a fair share of this world's goods. He is now the owner of one of the finest farms adjoining the thriving town of Nokomis, and everything about his place indicates to the beholder that an cxiicnenced and competent hand is at the helm. Our subject was born in Cassel, Prussia, on the 9tli of January, 1848, and was the youngest of three children born to the marriage of AVilliam and Sophia (Fulkmar) Hcrwig, both natives of the Fatherland. Our subject's brother, George, never came to the United States, but the sister, Dena, emigrated to America and married Fredrick Rohl- ander. She died in Christian County, lU., in 1871, leaving two children. William Ilerwig, father of our subject, followed the pursuit of farming in his native country, and in addition was also en- gaged in wool-spinning. About 1868, he came to America, and located on a farm in Christian County, where the mother died December 31, 1872, and the father in the latter part of December, 1889. Tliey were highly esteemed wherever they made their home, and were most exemplary and honored citizens. The oi'iginal of this notice was trained to the arduous duties of the farm in his native country and received a good, practical education there. In connection with farming he also worked apart of the lime in the woolen mills with his father, and with him came to America in 1868. lie culti- vated the fertile soil of the Sucker State in con- nection with the brick-mason's trade. For some time he resided in Christian County, and later purchased a good farm there, about live miles north of Nokomis. On that place he resided until 1889, when he sold out and purchased his present farm of two hundred ami fortj' acres adjoining the town of Nokomis, and now has one of the most productive, best-cultivated and best-improved farms in this section. His farming operations are conducted in a scientific manner and with a thor- ough knowledge of every detail of this industry. The buildings are sulistautial and commodious, and everything about the place shows Inm to be a man of more than ordinary thrift and energy. While he is an agriculturist of advanced ideas and tendencies, he does not lose sight of the stock in- terests, and has gained quite a local reputation as an extensive breeder of high-grade cattle. In politics, Mr. Ilerwig affiliates with the Re- publican part^-, and takes a deep interest in all political questions. He has held a number of local positions and discharged the duties of the same in a creditable and very satisfactory manner. For three years he was one of the Commissioners of Christian County, this State. In 1872, he married Miss Mary Teik, a native of this country, but of German descent. Ten children resulted from this union, nine of whom are living and named as fol- lows: Annie, AVilliam, Bertha, .lohnnie, Emma, Dena, Henry, Mary and Lydia. IVIr. Ilerwig and family are worthy members of the German Jleth- odist Episcopal Church, and are liberal contribu- tors to the same. They are active in all good o o O O O 5 GJ i — O O Z U.J o Q UJ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 255 work, and are classed among the public-spirited and esteemed citizens of the county. IMr. Herwig is a member of tlie Mutual llenelit Association connected with his church in Chicago, and is a member of the Modern AVoodmen of America. m UDCE A. (!. IIEXRY. Our suI)joct is one of the venerable men of r>ond County, foi nearly seventy years have h'ft tlieir record upon his head in whitened hair. However, he retains his honorable position by virtue of his keen al)ility and well-preserved ijhysical attributes. Ill- is a large land-owner in the county, iiossessing at the present time something more or less than a thousand .acres. Our subject was born in Bourbon County, Ky., February 28, 1824. He is a son of John and liet- sey (Mills) Henry, natives of South Carolina and Kentucky, respectively. John Henry was a car- penter by trade, and followed his calling for a number of years, but finally gave it up in favor of farming. Wlien a young man he was engaged at his trade in Kentucky. He came to Bond County, III., in November, 1827, and taking up Govern- ment land settled on Beaver Creek, where he re- mained until 18r)2, and then removed to Texas. Ten children made the house and home of John Henry and his wife a scene of busy .activity. These were all born in Illinois except the two eldest. Six of them are now living, our subject being the eldest of the family. John Henry, while in Texas, was verv extensively engaged in farming. He re- turned, however, to this county in IS.')!) and here died. His wife still survives and resides here at tlie au'e of ninety years, having celebrated her last liirthday in May, 18',)2. Our subject was reared on the home farm and received the advantages of a fair education. After remaining at home until twenty-six years of age, he spent one year in the North. Prior to leaving home, he studied law and was admitted to the Bar in 185.3. He commenced his practice in Bond County and has followed it ever since. In con- nection with his profession he has had large real- estate interests. As before stated, he owns one thousand .acres of land in this couiity, all of whicli is under cultivation, and lie also owns large tr.acts in other counties, lie is one of the Directors of the Vandalia Railroad. The first oflice to which he was elected in tliis county was Justice of the Peace. In 1872 and 1874, he represented Bond, Clinton and Washington Counties in the State Legislature. In |H|8, our subject married Bliss Mary Hull, of Bond County. She is a daughter of lienjamin and Luciuda (Allen) Hull, natives-of Tennessee and Indiana, respectively. ( tf the two children Ijorn of this marri.age that are still living, Eliza, who is now Mrs. IJei'ry, of Pratt, Kan., is tlu^ mother of four children, wliose names are Nellie, Nonie, Caroline and Henry. Lucy is Mrs. T. P. Morey, of Greenville. Her twodiildren are Henry and Louise. Judge Henry lives in his own residiuice, which is a line brick house, imposing in style and struc- ture. It has handsome grounds and its furni>h- ing is char.acterised by the idea of comfort lather than of useless elegance. Judge Henr}- hasalvva\s been a worker in the cause of the Republican party, although he can never have been said to be a politician, leaving that to men whose individual interests demanded less time than his own. - --^ m>^^hil)itionists. Since that time lie has thrown all the energy and enthusiasm of his na- ture into the balance with his [larly. He is at present a County Central Coininitteeman, and also a local manager. lie has been a life-long temperance advocate. In his church associations, he is a l\Ietliodist and no man in his locality is more devoted to the cause of Christianity than he. Greatly interested in Sunday -school work, at the present writing he is Township Chairman of the State Sunday-school Association. Modest and unassuming, Mr. Elliott is a man who makes friends with all with whom he comes in contact. •*^"*i^^^^^i*'*^-i ^^IIOIMAS P. MOREY. who is now living re- tired in Greenville, was horn September 27, ^' 1847, in Mulberry Grove, Mulberry Grove Township, Bond County. The Morey family is of English descent. The grandparents of onr subject, David and Harriet (Campliell) Morey, were na- tives of \'ermont and New Hampshire, respec- tively, and became pioneers of Knox County, Ohio, where the grandfather engaged in farming and also followed his trade of a stone mason. He was a member and liberal supporter o( the Methodist Episcopal Church and a highly respected citizen. His son, Hiram Morey, father of our subject, was a natixe of the lUicke\'e State. He married Eliza J. Brf)wn, a native of Tennessee and a daughter of .lames and Dorcas Brown, who were also natives of that State, but who emigrated to Eayette County, 1 11., in an early d.ay. The father was a farmer by oc- cupation and reared a large family. Hiram Morey, having emigrated from Ohio to Illinois, settled in Bond County, hut was married in E.ayette County. He located in Mulberry Grove Township, Bond County, purchased land and engaged in the nianu- f,actiire of carriages, wagons, etc., until 1875, since whicli time he has lived retired from active l)iisi- ness. The Morey family nuiiiliered ten children, seven of whom are yet living, namely: Sarali, wife of T. M. Sawrey, of I>ond County; Thomas P., of this sketch; Dorcas, who became the wife of W, W, Willett, and dieil in Fayette County in 188'.), at the age of forty y<'ars, leaving live children; Harriet, wife of II, Lilligh, of Bond County; Henrietta, wife of .lohn W, Jones, of Bond County; Belle, wife of F, Siiodgrass, of this county; Doi'a, wife of W, A. Davis, and Orrin M. Our suliject spent the days of his boyhood and youth quietly upon his father's farm and w;is edu- cated in the district schools. Then between the ages of nineteen and twenty-three years, he en- gaged in teaching, after wliicli he was a student in McKendree College, of l>ebanon. 111., for two years. He then became Principal of a High Scliool in Sandoval, 111., and afterward was Principal of tlie schools in Blulberry (irove for a year. Thomas P. Morey has been prominently identi- fied with the public interests of the county for some time and is widely and favorably known throughout its borders. In 187<;, he was elected Circuit Clerk of Bond County for a term of four years, and on the expiration of his term of service was re-eleeted, in 1880, and served in all for eight years. In 1885, he opposed Prof. Slade, President of Almira College, as candidate for an unexpired term ,as County Superintendent and won the elec- tion. In 188G, he was elected and served for a full term of four years as County Suiierintendent of Public Schools, since which time he has lived a retired life. Sei)tember 27, 187.'!, Mr. More}- was unilcd in marriage with Miss Oilie Borror, who died in 1878. In 188.3, he was married to Miss Lucy A,, daugh- ter of .ludge A. G. Henry, of Greenville. Two children grace their union, Henry II. and Louise. They have a beautiful home just south of Almira College and are numbei'ed among the iironiinent and highly-respected peojile of the community, the I'rofessor and his wife having many friends. i\Ir. Morey is one of the most extensive land- owners of the county. .\s his financial resources increased, he made judicious investments and at one time owned some fifteen hundred acres. He now has one thousand acres under good improve- ments. In politics, he is a stalwart Kepublican and 258 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. is now serving as a member of tlie Board of Edu- cation. Mr. Moroy i.s a line scholarly gentleman, a leading and inHuenlial citizen of the county, and with pleasure we present this record of his life to our readers. !-ss» / (OSEPII M( CULLEY, one of tiie prominent and wealthy old settlers of this county, is a well-known resident of LaGrange Town- ship, and has seen almost all of the wonder- ful growth of the county. His part in the same has not been small, as he came here in the early days when the deer still roamed over the broad prairie at will, and the cultivated fields were only brush and over-grown wilderness. The subject of this sketch wa^^ liorn in Rock- bridge County, A'a., November 11,1821. lie was the son of Frederick McCulley, who was a native of County Deny, Ireland, in which country he was also married and came to America in .Tune, 1819. His first settlement was in the State of Virginia and there he found a home until the year 1838, when the desire came upon him to see more of this great country, and accordingly he moved his family to Alabama in 18:58, but not finding everything congenial there he came to Mont- gomery County, 111., in 1841. Going into the wilderness at that day was a very serious undertaking, as Indians were still very numerous in the new State, and the wild an- imals still found a home there. But the hearts of those early pioneers were lirave and they had courageous wives and daring children, and the long wagon journey did not appall them. Many long days were consumed iuid many were the eamps made at night by tiie ro.adside log fire, but at last the new home was reached; a farm at first was rented, and INIr. IMcCuUey and family settled down to become residents of the great Prairie Stale. This farm which he leased and worked, is the Poor Farm of Montgomery County. Father McCulley died in Bond County when he had reached the age of seventy-two years. He liad be- come a Whig in his political belief, for he was a man who took a deei) interest in his new home as soon as he reached these liosjji table shores. The mother of our subject had also been liorn among the green hills of Ireland, in County Deny, and after a life of much activity she died at the age of sixty-four years. Both she and her husband had been firm adherents of the Scotch-Presbyter- ian faith, and lived as they finally died, good, worthy people. Six children were left of the fam- ily to mourn the parents' death: Elizabeth, Joseph, Margaret, James, Martha and Jane. Our subject was reared on the farm and had only the educational advantages which were offered at the subscription schools. The old log house is still leinembered with its slab benches and great wide mud and stick chimney, its door with wooden hinges, and the old-fashioned birch rod was not absent. Game was abundant for those who cared to hunt, and wolves were so trouble- some that sometimes the settlers would have to combine to drive them away. Farming was a pleasure to our subject, as the rich, black loam so readily returned iirolits, but the many inconveniences of pioneer life made the business of tilling the soil much less profitable for time and labor expended than at the present day. One great lack was the distance of the markets, and Jlr. McCulley very often made the long trip to St. Louis with grain and stock and camped out by the vvay, as at least five days were required to make the journey. Our subject came here in 184(;, and bought eighty acres of land and rented more for some years. He began the struggle of life with very little, but industry and thrift have given great re- turns, and now he is one of the financial pillars of the county. It was not until in April, 187G, that our subject felt himself ready to become a bene- dict, and at that time Miss Martha L. Mitchell became his wife. She w.as born in Missouri, Noveml)er 1.5, 1840, and one child, Margaret L., has been born to them. The farm of our sub- ject consists of three hundred and twenty acres of land and all of it is improved, and he has become PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAFH'X'AL RECORD. 259 a do;iler in stock, horses, mules, cattle, sheep and hugs, l)ul considers that he has made the most of his money out of mules, lie has raised some grain, Init deals mostly in stock. Our subject and wife arc Presbyterians and arc verv higliU' regarded in the neighborhood. Mr. McC'ullcy is familiarly called " Uncle Joe " by all, and enjoys the esteem in which he is held. In politics, lie is a Reiiublican, but iiis pleasant man- ner, even when disagreeing with his political op- ponents, never gives (.iffcnsc. lie is a typical pio- neer, and as such i.> well known and beloved. Probably no man in the county has more friends than " I'ncle Joe" McC'uliey. He has gained much more than a competency m these long years of labor, l)Ut belter still is the regard in which he is held by those who know him best. ARTIN V. niNKLE. Tiie pursuits of life are as varied as are the tastes and capaci- ties of men; and it is an interesting and useful study to oliserve the degrees of their assimilation. Rever.ses in the early business efforts of life are often ripening in their results, though the experience is dear. When these occur, pride should be invited to the rear, and, if needs be, the victim should step down into tiie lireach and resolutely commence again from tiie bottom of the ladder and profit by the miscarriage. Lalior is honorable — idleness is corrupting. A narrative of success in life may lie found in the career of Martin Y. Ilinkle, who is one of the prominent, influential and representative farmers and stock- raisers of liois ])■ Are Township, Montgomery County. A successful man of affairs, a wiirthy cilizcn, and one of the most respected men in llie county is ]Mr. Ilinkle. lie was born in Sangamon County, 111., August 12, 181:5, and inherits the sturdy traits of cliaractcr of his (Jeriiian .'incestors on tlie ])aternal side. His father, .lacob Ilinkle, was lioi'ii in Penns^'lvauia, and the mother, whose maiden name was Nancy Hatchet, was a native of the Old Dominion. Al)out 1818, the parents emigrated Westward and made a settlement in .Sangamon County, III., where they were among the very tii'st settlers. In this new counti'v and .among utter strangers, Jacob Ilinkle began improving his farm and culti- vating the rich soil which soon brought him in large returns. He passed his entire life in lliis county and died on the 12th of November, 1ject the ad- vancement of the county. His well-improved farm and fine residence attract the attention of all, and in the management of his large estate he has shown excellent judgment and sound sense. In politics, he advocates the platform of the Demo- cratic party. e^+^ II. SPRADLINd. a retired farmer of Mul- berry Grove, was born in Maury County, Tenn., August 1, 1828. He is the son of %^J .l.ames Spradling, who.se birtliplace was in the State of Tennessee, and who was learcd in that State and came to liond County, 111., in 18.'52. He located in ^lulbeiiv Grove Township, where he took up (ioverninent land and lived in a log liouse until the time of his death, at the age of seventy-two 3'ears. The mother of our suliject, Frances T. Oliver, was a member of tlie old Vir- ginian family of that name and was reared in that State. Slie attained to the age of eigiity-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Spradling lived peaceful, happy lives, and died mourned by friends and relatives. The family of .Mr. and Mrs. Spradling consisted of two daughters and one son, the latter being our subject. Emerantlia is the widow of James Rilej- and resides in Mulberry Grove Township; and Frances J. is the widow of .loiin Scgrest, of Mulberry Townsiiip. Our subject was the second child, and was four years old wiien he came to liond County with his parents. His school ex- perience did not begin until he was several years older, when he attended the log schoolhouse of pioneer days, and the puncheon floor and slab seats of the barren little building will never be forgotten. Air and sunlight were unobstructed, because there was no glass in the window, and the birch trees grew near, so there never was any difficult}' concerning a proi)er amount of dis- cipline. Mr. S[)radling was reared to farm work and became thoroughly acquainted with the re- quirements of the soil and the jjroper cultivation of the cereals. His mind was not much disturbed by the outside, world, for, except at the market towns, there was not much communication in those days, with the great unknown lauds east of the State of Illinois, where civilization reigned, and west of it, wliere tliere was still a wilderness. The neighbors in those pioneer times were friendly and sociable, and when our subject reached the age of twenty-one years there was no difficulty in selecting a congenial partner for his life journey. The lady of his choice was Miss Cynthia Ann .Tackson, a native of Indiana, and the daughter of William Jackson. After his marriage, which took place December 30, 1849, our subject removed to section 25, Mulberry Grove Township, and there built a log house, 16x18 feet, for which he cut the logs himself. That liumlile abode was for a time the family home. Mr. Spradling was engaged for seven years in the lumber and hardware business at Mulberry Grove. He has a fine farm of two hundred and forty-three acres in Mulberry Grove Township, which he now rents. He also owns a farm of ninety acres in Fa\'ette Count}', which is well improved with a brick house and good barns. His property' in the village is quite valuable. Mr. and Mrs. Spradling became the parents of seven children, two daughters and five .^ons. John F. died November 25, 1881; Eliza V. is tlie wife of JoseiJh Call, a farmer of Fayette County; Will- iam II. is an agent and telegraph operator at Poca- hontas, 111.; Albert M. lives in Mulberry Grove; (Jeorge L. is located on his father's farm in Fa}'- ette County; Laura is the wife of Frank Brown, who is in the luiuiier business in Mulberry Grove; Harry W. is at home. The mother of tiiis family died March :il, 1883. Our subject started witli but little means, and now has the .satisfaction of knowing himself to be one of the wealthiest men in the townshij), and his money was not made in speculating, by which one PORTRAIT AND ];iO(iKAl'lIICAL RECORD. 261 man gets rich at the expense perhaps of a hundred otliers. He is a Republican now, although before the war he was a Democrat. lie was deeply in- leicsti'd in tlie Underground Railroad and assisted many negroes to reach the land of freedom, Can- ada. His fellow-citizens i-egard him with resjiect and esteem, and have called upon him to act as Seliool Director. His position in the community is one of prominence and imiiortance, and he has done his part toward the upliuilding of ISond Count\-. .1^ •f'^^^^'f-<^'^ ILLIAM L. WOOSTER. The biography of the successful gentleman whose name in- ^ troduces this sketch fui-nishes another instance of a poor 1)03' who b\- industry and tlirift has gained wealth and social position through his own unaided elTorts. A prominent liusiness man of Litchfield, he is also poimlai' and well known thronghout the surrounding coun'ry. Our sub- ject IS a son of William C. and Mary ((Gilbert) Wooster, honorable residents of Connecticut, where the father conducted a general store until his death, which occurred in 1863. Ilis faithful wife still survives him and makes her home in Connecticut, where she has lived for so many years. The son of these parents, the subject of this sketch, was born in New Preston, March "23, 1861, the year memorable in histoiy as that in which tlie great Civil War burst upon the country with such fury. When only two and one-half years of age, death deprived our subject of a paternal guide, but a devoted mother supi>!ied the |)lace of the departed parent, and young William grew to inauliood under her gentle supervision. He re- ceived his education in New Preston and Wash- ington City, but always made his home in the former place while pursuing his studies. In 1.S80, Mr. Wooster came to Litchfield, where he lirst, en- gaged as clerk in a I'lothing store; butabilit\' such as he possessed could not beconllued to work like this and he soon entered the ein|)loy of the Rig Four Railroad. As he was unfamiliar with the wcirk. he was obliged to begin with an inferior position, but during the last four years of the nine he was in their employ he was their agent. About that time, Mr. Wooster found a favorable opportunity to eng.age in the tile business and ac- cordingly entered it, but as he did not realize his anticipations he witlnbew after six months. Next he formed a partnership with Capt. Ivirby, which continued until 188!), when he withdi-ew and en- tered the employ of the Wabash Railroad, where he continued for six or eight months. His next enterprise was the conducting of a furniture busi- nes.s with .lesse Mcllenry as partner for one year, when Mr. Wooster bought Mr. McIIenry's interest and continued the luisiness alone for one year. In 18',)2, the Litchlielil Furniture, Hardware A' Imple- ment Company was incorpoi-ated with Mr. Woos- ter .as President and Manager, and he withdrew from the furniture business to accept the respon- sibilities of his new jiosition. This corpoiation has a capital stock of *12,lillerience has not been without its pain, as in every human lot. Of six bright children born to them they have lost two. Those surviving are: Henry, a hid of thir- teen years; Lena, a girl of eleven; Annie, a child of eight years; and Freddie, the 30ungest of the family. Mr. and ]Mrs. Brunken are members of the Lutheran Church, in which the former is a Deacon. In his fanning operations, our subject has directed his attention to tiiat very profitable line, stock-raising, and has done much in encourag- ing the raising of finer breeds. The county in which he lives counts him as one of her progres- sive citizens, of whom she may well be proud. In his political preference, he is a decided Republican. !)EORGE LYMAN, a Union soldier in the Civil War, and a prominent citizen now ^^^iAl residing in Bois D'Arc Township, Mont- gomery Count}', was born in Orange County, Vt., Februaiy 18, 1832. For many jears he has been identified with the interests of Montgomery County, and ranks as a noticeable illustration of tliat in- domitalile [jiisli and eneigy which characterize men of will and determination Ever since his loca- tion within the borders of the county, he has been engaged in tilling the .soil, and has enjoyed the reputation of being an intelligent and thor- oughly-posted man on all the current topics of the day. His scholastic training was received in the common schools of his native county, and, as is the case with so many of our American young men, his advantages in that direction were pieced out by observation and assimilation. He is a well- posted man who has read extensively. Mr. Lyman's parents, Abel aud Esther (Bigelow) layman, were natives of New England, of English descent, and botli were born in the Green Moun- tain State. Our subject comes of Revolutionary stock, some of his forefathers having participated in that struggle. The original of this notice iit- taincd his growth in Vermont, and at an early age became familiar with the duties necessary to carry on a farm. Led by the promises of the prairies of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 2G5 Illinois, lie tmnod his face towards the setting sun, and in the .year 1856 reached Illinois. For some time he resided in .Sangamon County, hut finally decided to move to Montgomery County, where he has made liis home ever since. He located on his present farm in Bois I)' Arc 'rovviishi(), then all new prairie land, and finding tlie soil rich and pro- ductive, he soon realized large returns for his in- dustry. To improve anrovements that he has placed u|)on it. He is an intelligent gentleman, of superior mental attainments, who seeks to develrip himself as well as his agricultural interests in the best and broadest direction. On the 5th of February, 18(i8, he married ]Miss Min- erva .T. Collins, a native of Franklin County, ()hio, born August 1 1, 18.'.!ll, the dangliter of Isaac and Emma (Whitehurst) Collins, both natives of Penn- sylvania. She came with lier parents to Sangamon County, III., when seventeen years of age, and tlicre both her father and nuither received their final summons. Jlr. and Mrs. Lyman's union re- | suited in the birth of four children: Eva, .lohn A., Esther B. and Lewis T. Mrs. Lyman has three brothers: .lehu, .lohn and Isaac. Mr. Lyraan served two years as Highway Com- missioner C)f Bois ])' Arc Township, and has held other local positions, filling all in an able and satis- factory mannei'. He takes an interest in all land- able enterprises, and is |iublic-spnited and pro- gressive. During the late unpleasantness between the North and .South, he fought bravely for the Union, and was ever at the |)ost. of duty. He en- listed August 11, 1K()1, in ('(impany I), Thirty- third Illinois Infantry, and |)articipated in the liat- tles of Vicksburg, .lackson and Champion IJill. He also operated in the Lone Stai' State, and was hon- orably disi-liai'ged in Octuber, I8(!Land now re- ceives a pension of $(> per month. Returning to l!liuoi>. he has resided in this county since. In 1 polilu's, he is a Kepnblicrm, voting as he fought, I and takes a decided interest in the success of his 12 party. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal C hurch, and both are esteemed members of society. ^'OIIN P. FULLKR. Among the well-known and influential citizens of Fillmore Town- j shii), JMontgomery County, is the gentleman ^\i»/ whose name introduces these paragraphs, and who is a successful farmer, using the best methods of fertilizing the soil and improving the land. He came from the P>ucke\e State, which has contriliuted so much of ])optdati(ni and intel- ligence to Illinois, and from a pai-entage markevan. EORGK BRAKKNIIOFF, a prominent and wealthy tierman-Anierican farmer of No- komis Towiishii), Montgomery County, III., was born in Ostfriesland. Hanover, (;ermany,.Tanu- ary 3, 1834, one of a family of lune children, eight of whom are living at tlie present time. Two sis- ters still reside in the Fatherland, and another sis- ter is the wife of Henry Carsten, a leading citizen of Nokomis Township. Of the tive brothers, four are living in Nokomis Township: (ieorge, Henry, Killert ;uid Harmon. The other brother lives in Terre Haute. lud. The father of these children, Killert IhakenhotT. was an agricultiu-ist of con- siderable note in hi.s native land, and died there many years ago. He was a man of worth, and as such uas regarded by those who had tlic limior of his ac(]uaintiincc, and who knew him intimalclv. George Brakenhoff received a fair (.'ducation in liis youth, and was reared to the healthful, though somewhat monotonous, i)ursnit of farming, his in- struction in this branch of business being received at the hands of his father, who thoroughly under- stood evei-y detail of the calling. This life became somewhat distasteful to him after a time, and lie left the plow to become a sailor, running princi paily on inland boats, but in 1857 he gave up this occupation also to come ti> America to seek his for- tune, his brother Henry having come to this country some years befoie. He located at Mt. Olive, 111., where the calling of an agriculturist received his attention until 18(;8, when Montgomery County became his home, and on a farm in Nokomis Townshiii he has resided ever since. In addition to his lirst inirchase of land, whii'li was ratliei- modest in extent, he has made other i)nrcliases from time to time, until at the present time lie is the owner of as fine a tract of land as one need wish to see, comprising two hundred acres well tilled and neatly keiit. In all of his investments, lie has shown the test of judgment, and has so conducted his affairs that naught has ever lieen said derogatory to his honor as a business man. Since opening up his farm, he li.as accumulated a goodly fortune, wdiich he manages with great judgment and keen foresight. Like all men of his nativity, he is progressive in his views and of an energetic temperament, and all of his fipera- tions have been carried on according to the most advanced ideas, and have consetpiently resulted to his own good and the benellt of those with whom he has come in contact. He has long since gained the reputation tif being one of tlic foremost tillers of the soil, and he has been a leader in the use of new and improved machinery for the sa\ing of labor. In l!S;')8, he married Miss Triiita Akebaner, who was liorn on (icrman soil, and their union has re- sulted in the birth of a family of ten children: Killert, who is now managing his father's farm; .\iiiiie, who is the wife of Altman Brakenhoff, a cousin; (ierhart married Nevada Travis, and is a merchant in Nokomis; Foska, who became the wife of Andrew I'eriboiie. and resides at iowaton, Iowa; Maggie, the wife of .Icihn 'i'heeii,a farmer of Mont- gomery County; Theressaand Henry, whoare liv- 268 PORTRAIT AND BIOOUAPHICAL RECORD. ing at home; Jolin JNI.; Katie and Robert. All these children liave had liberal education.al ad- vantages given them, improved them, and are now substantial citizens of the country-, an honor to tliemselves and to the parents wlio reared tliem. Mv. IJrakenliotT is a strong Republican in his politi- cal views, but lias never held any office except some small township office, such as being a mem- ber of the Board of Education of his district. In 1880, he made a trip to liis native l.nnd to see liis mother, who was tlien living, but wlio has since died. _w^-in 1877. lie was also Highway Com- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 269 missioncr for six years, Township Treasurer for lAvcnlv-lliroo 3ears, and lias licld otlier townsliip (ittices. He is a nieniher of tlie JMasonic frater- nity, Fillmore Lodge No. 670. Jlr. Alexander is one of the eounty's most i)roniinent and popular business men, and has met with substantial results i n all his enterprises. ■ UJ ^f l , 1,1 ,1 / ^^^*^r^*.« ■■»* ^1^ ^ ARM KEISER, who resides on section 7, ^' Walshville Township, is one of the most jirominent farmers of the eommiinity, and one of the county's valuable citizens. A native of Germany, he was born in Ostfriesland, Hanover, October 8, 1839, and Is the eldest of five children whose parents were John and Gesehe Keiser. Ilis graiiilfather. Harm Reiser, came to America in 1850, and located in Bladison County, 111., where he died September 23, 1869, at an ad- vanced age. In 1854, the parents of our subject, with four sons and a daughter, came to America and sought a home on the wild prairies of the Mississi|)pi Valley. The father purchased a tract of land in Macoupin County, but before lie had paid for it, he died, in 1855, leaving his widow with a family to support and a heavy debt upon the home. Harm, being the eldest eliild, set to work with his brothers and mother to clear the home of debt, and this was in due time accomplished. JMrs. Keiser lived to enjoy the home which was thus preserved to her by the loving care of her sons, and saw all of her children occupying comfortable homes and respectable positions in society before she at length passed away, in 1890, at a ripe old age. J^er two sons, C. .1. and Andrew, are tlie wealthy bankers, millers and merchants of Mt. Olive. .John, the other brother, operates the old homestead. Annie is the wife of Frank l'range,of Walshville Township. The eldest of the family, our subject, after the motiier was provided for, purchased eighty acres of land for himself in 1862, which formed the nucleus of his present extensive possessions. Farm- ing has been his cliief occiqiation, and he now owns eight liiiiidred acres of valuable land, whi(tli yield him a golden tribute He li.as also been in- terested with his brothers in coal-mining, and for tw^o years was Superintendent of the mines at Mt. Olive. Under his able management these became a great financial success. Mr. Keiser brings to all his business undertakings keen judgment, sagacity, enterprise and energy, qualities which are essen- tial to a prosperous career, and which iiave won him his extended estate. On the nth of .July, 1863, Mr. Keiser wedded Miss Jlary Focken, a native of Germany, who came with her parents to America in 1855, and was reared in JNIadison County, 111. Two sons and three daughters grace their union: Annie is now the w^ife of Fiank Weidued, of D of the thriving city of Litchfield, 111., _l and is the President of the Western Grain Company, which has its principal office at this place. George W. Barnett, the father of our sub- ject, was a native of Kentucky, and came to Macoupin County at an early date and bought land there, paying $2.25 per acre, which land now commands $()0 an .acre. His purch.ase was of nine hundred .acres, and he put it all under PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RP:CORD. 271 cultivatinii. lull when the raih'oad crossed the place 1r' marked out a U.iwn, and a pust-offlce was estal)lished here. After this he engaged in busi- ness in the town, and with our subject carried on a general store and alsu dealt in lumber, grain and coal. Fred ('. liarnett was born in C'arlinville, 111., •luly 2H, I.sn.j, and is the son of George W. and Fraiices ( I'oley) Harnett, lie was well educated, having taken a full course at the Illinois College at Jacksonville, 111., and graduated there in the Class of '86. He immediately went into business with his father in dealing in lumber and grain, and the firm operated under the name of G. W. Harnett A' .Son, their (ilace of Inisiness being in the village of IJai-nelt, which place G. W. Barnett had founded, as above stated, and which is lo- cated on the ,1. * .S. E. and L. C. & W. R. R. He lemained with his father until March, 1891, when he came to this town and established the Fred C. ISarnett (irain (,'om|iany. He did a laige track-buy- ing business, and handled large quan titles of grain and thousands of cars, lie devoted his time to the enterprise and made it a great business. ^Ir. Harnett has other interests, as he is a stock- lK)lder in the Threshing Machine Conip.'uiy, in the Litchlield Paint & Color Company, the Oil Cit\' Huilding & Saving Society, and the Litch- field Homestead A Loan Association, the North & South Chicago, and also the St. Louis Safety & Homestead Association, of P^ast St. Louis. Socially, Mr. I'.arnett belongs to Charter Oak Lodge, A. F. A: A. M., and to St. Onier Com- niandery, and holds the position of Junior Warden in the lodge and that of Warden in the com- m;indery. The present company with which Mr. ISarnett is connected is doing business under the name of the Western (irain Company and is a late consolidation of the Fred C. Larnelt (iraiu Company with that of the .Munday Hios., and the capital slock is 81;") ,000. The business is that of brokerage and general grain dealing. They have a wide experience and manage a large territory. Our subject is a popular man in his neighbor- hood, and this was illustrated when he, a strong Kepublican, was elected Supervisor in a Demo- cratic district. He served to the satisfaction of all concerned, but his commercial engagements are of such a nature that he would seem to hare little time to spend in political affairs. His religious connection is with the Christian Church. The fa- ther and mother of our suliject are still living and, no doubt, look with pleasure on the thriving little village of liarnett, which has literally siirung up under their own eyes. Our subject was tlie llrst Postin.aster of the place. The railrcjad h.as assisted the town in its growth, and the location of it reflects credit on the judgment of George W. liarnett. U II. WITT. The State which Charles Eg- )) bert Craddock has imnnutalized in her beautiful stories of mountain life, is the native State of our subject. He was born in Jef- ferson County, Tenn., November 24, 18.'i4, and is a son of James S. and Susan (Carmikel) Witt. His parents were also both natives of that State. When our suliject was a child of but three years of age, the family determined to come to Illinois, be- lieving it to i)Ossess greater advantages in an agri- cultural line than their own native .State. On coming to Illinois, the Witt family settled in (4reene County first, and that continued to lie the family home until our subject was eighteen years of age. In the meantime, his mother had been taken away by death when he was a lad o{ thirteen. In 1852, in company with his father, he moved to Macoupin County, and there lived until 1875, in which year he determined to come to Montgomery County. As a lioy his knowledge of life was mostly that obtained from his rural asso- ciations, and altlu.iugh the prairies were wide and tlie climate lacked nothing in (piality or (piantit\', still the lad could not be expected to assimilate from these advantages alone any great knowledge of higher educational branches. As mucli learn- ing as the average boy of his day possessed was instilled in the youthful miioi in the district 272 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. schools of his hiciilitr. or nither in tlie .subscri|)- tion schools, for tlie district schools had not then been organized whore he lived. December 16, 1858, a marriage was celebrated in Madison County, of which our subject and Miss Martha .1. Deck were the principals. She was a suitable and capable companion for Mi-. Witt, and seconded his efforts in every way siie could. The following children were the fruit of this union: Warren E., w'ho is a graduate of Blackburn Uni- versit3'; Austin E., .John W., Olive .T., Irene, Annie and Ida, ail of whom are bright .young peo- ple with good prospects of life before them. Mr. AVitt settled on his present farm perma- nently in the j-ear 187;"), and has ever since made it his home. lie owns two hundred and thirty-thiee and one-half acres of land, a well- cultivated and arable tract, which bears evidence of the close attention given it by its owner. Mr. Witt has twice been honored with the election to the oHice of Supervisor of llarvel Township. He is a man of decided views of his own in regard to most of the things of life, and in his political af- filiation, he is a Democrat, and is ready to do any- thing he can for the support of his part}'. ^^ \T^^ R. W. II. COOK. In a comprehensive work of this kind, dealing with industrial pursuits, sciences, arts and professions, it is only lit and right that the medical profession should be noticed. Dr. W. II. Cook, whose skill in the healing art is well known, not only throughout East Fork Township, but also throughout ^lontgomer}' Count}-, was born in Sh(!lby Count}', Ky., on the 27th of March, 1834, and his father, Fielding B. Cook, was also a native of that county, but came of a prominent Virginia family. The grandfather, James Cook, was born near Richmond, Va. The mother of our subject, wliose maiden name was Meekee Roseliery, was born in Shelby County, Ky., where she passed her en- tire life. Her father, Charles Kbsebery, was born in Berkeley County, Ya., and was a son of Hugh Rosebery, a Highland Scotchman, who was in the Revolutionary War and who lived to be one hun- dred and fifteen years old. All were long-lived people on the mother's side. Our subject's grand- mother on his mother's side, Nancy Thurston, was a native of Virginia, but was brought to Kentucky when twelve years of age. Her father, Ezekiel Thurston, was also a native of the Old Dominion. Tlie parents of our subject were married in Shelby Count}', Ky., in 1832, and afterward lo- cated on a farm in the same jilace. There Mrs. Cook died in 1836, when our subject was two years old. Two children were born of this union, but the younger died. The father's second marriage was to Miss Susan McDonald, who bore him six chil- dren, five sons and one daughter. Our subject, the only child living of the first marriage, received his early schooling in the subscription schools of his native county, and was thirteen years of age when his father died. He remained with his step- mother until eighteen years of age, and after reach- ing his nineteenth year came to Putnam County, Ind., where he taught school and clerked in a store for some time. In 1856, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. R. B. Denny, of Fillmore, Ind., and con- tinued with him for about two years. During that time he ran a drug store, and in the spring of 1861 he located in JMontgoniery County, 111., where he now resides. In 1867 he graduated from the St. Louis Medical College, and since then has been actively engaged in practicing his profession here. He has gained a wide reputation for what he has accomplished, especially in difficult cases, as he has carried through to success some cases which are considered almost miraculous. The Doctor is a member of the Montgomery County Medical Soci- ety, the District Medical Society of Central Illi- nois, and the Illinois Stale Medical Society. He is a member of Lodge No. 51, A. F. & A. M., of IliUsboro, and has been a member of tiie order since the year 1856. He is a stanch supporter of Dem- ocratic princii)lcs, was twice County Coroner, and once Su|)ervisor of East Fork Township. His marriage with Miss Elizabeth F. Robinson, a native of Putnam County, Ind., occurred in 1856, >^cf^^- PORTRAIT AND lilOGRAPHlCAL RECORD. and four cliildrt^ii were given them. One died in infancy, and the otlier three are: diaries K., a na- tive of Fillmore, Ind., now a indiiiinent laivyer of tirecnville, Bond C'onnty, 111.; Ella , I., wife of Joseph .1. Wright, of Moiitgoniery County, 111.; and Melx'ille 'I'., a student t)f I)e Tauw Ihiiver- sitw at l)e I'auw. Ind. []MBKKT II. DENNY. Our subject is one of I I the older inhabitants of Bond County, of ill which he is a native. lie was born January 11, 1835, upon the farm in Shoal Creek Town- ship where he now lives and where he carries on an extensive business in general fjirining and stock-raising. He is a son of Robert Wilson and Eleani>r (Finley) Denny. Grandfather Denny was an Irishman b^' birth and when quite young came to America, settling in North Carolina, where Robert AVilsou Denny was born. ' Our subject's mother was of Welsh ancestrj', her father having emigrated from Wales and settled in Tennessee, but the exact time of their coming to this country or even the date of her liirth is not known to us. In 1820 our subject's father and grandfather came to Illinois, the lialance of the family coming hither in 1828. They first settled on the farm where our subject was born, and there both grandfather and father died, the latter about 1845. Mr. Denny's mother lived until 1889, and died in Kansas at the age of eighty 3'ears. Our subject is the eldest of a family of five boys, of whom four are now living, namely: J. B. who lives on an adjoining farm; Robert W., who is an extensive miner in Mexico but resides at Newton, Kan.; and P. B.. who lives at Walshville, this State. All four of these men did excellent service in the late war. He of whom we write grew up on ills father's farm and received the ad- vantages common to the agricultural class of his day and locality. July 7, 18(51, Mr. Denny enlisted in the army, joining Company E, of the First Illinois Cavalry, under Capt. Paul Walters. He was t.aken |irisoiier at Lexington, but was released on parole. He was not, however, exchanged until his term of service was out, when he was discharged. While the war was still in progress, our subject married 3Iiss Emily Bowen, a native of Springtield, Vi. Slic died four years later, leaving one daughter, Nellie R., who married Cli.-irles A Fellows, of Buf- falo, N. Y. Mr. Denny lias been a farmer all his life but has other interests in which he has money invested tliat bring him a handsome income. He was one of the original stockholders in the Sorcnto Coal Company, in which he is at the present time a Director. He was instrumental in getting the right of way for the two railroads that cross at Soreiito, and has always given freel\' of his time and al)ility to whatever cause ap[ieared to be for the benefit of the community. The second marriage of Mr. Denny took place Feliruary 28, 1871, the lady of his choice being Miss Melinda Armstrong, of Montgcnnery County. There have been eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Denny: Emily J. and Ilattie May were both educated at the Lincoln University; James Imliert is now at school at Sorento, .as are Pearl, Hilda and Fay. Marcia E. and Ilersehel A. are de- ceased. The father of Mr. Denny was a school teacher of some iu)te in his day and served as County Commissioner and County Clerk. He was one of the Associate Judges of the county and f(.)r many years acted as Justice of the I'eace. -^^- iT/_^ ENRY BR.VKENHOFF is a prominent Cer- *" . jl ' man-American citizen .aiid farmer, who keeps abreast with the progress of the ^ times, and is f)iie wtio has advanced the in- terests of his adopted C(.)untr_\' at all times. His life of industry and usefulness and his record for integrity and true-hearted faithfulness in all the 276 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. relations of life have given him a hold upon the coninuinity which all might well desire to share. Mr. Brakenhoff was born in Ostfriesland, Ger- inanj', Ma^' 5, 1831, and his father, Eilbert Braken- hoff, followed the occupation of an agriculturist in his native land. On this farm young Brakenhoff grew to a sturdy manhood, and received a fair ed- ucation in the common schools. Under the laws then existing in Germany, he would at the age of twenty-one years be forced into the German army, so not being ambitious to become a soldier, and not being able to obtain the consent of the king to leave the country until he had served his time in the army, he determined to leave without his knowledge or consent. Aecordingl}', in 1851, and before he was twent3'-one years of age, he quietly arranged with a friend from America, then visit- ing in German}', to pay his passage to the New World, agreeing to work for him until his ex- penses had been made good. Young Brakenhoff sailed from Bremen to Amer- ica, and after a seven-weeks ocean voj'age landed in New Orleans. He proceeded at once to Alton, 111., and there found employment in the coal mines, thus earning the money to piiy his friend for expenses incurred in the trip. He continued in the mine for five or six years, after whicli he engaged in farming near Mt. Olive. Two years later he again returned to the mines and continued there until 1867, when he came to Montgomery County, purciiased the farm where he has ever since lived, in Nokoinis Townsiii|i, and has met with unusual success in tilling the soil. For a number of years he has lived a retired life, and his sons are working and looking after the farm. In 1872, Mr. Brakenhoff made a trip to the Fatherland to see his mother and many friends, and enjoyed his trip immensely. However, he w.as glad to return to the land of his adoption, and \\v.re he has remained ever since, realizing that America is tlie best country after all. 'J'he original of this notice was married in Alton in 1854 to Miss Henrietta Carslen, a high- minded Ocrinan lady and a sister of John Carsten, the wealthy grain merchant and politician of Nokomis. This union h.as resulted in the birth of seven children, two of whom died in infancy, and one, Lena, died after reaching womanhood. Those now living are as follows: Eilbert and Harmon, both bright and promising young men, living at home and carrying on the large farm; while Garrett, a member of the large mercantile firm of J. Waltman & Co., of Nokomis, is a thor- ough business man. The last-named married Miss Lucj' Essman, of Missouri, and their daughter, Foska, is the wife of C. Croon, who owns a farm near by. The children are all industrious and in- telligent, and have made excellent citizens. Mr. Brakenhoff and wife are exemplary members of the German Lutheran Church, in which he is a Deacon, and in which he has ever been a leading figure. In politics, he is a strong advocate of the principles of the Republican party. He is one of the public-spirited citizens of the county, is inter- ested in all enterprises of a worthy nature, and no laiidalile movement is allowed to fail for want of support on his part. He is one of the most pop- ular men of the county, and a true German- American citizen. Such men are a credit to any community. A COB McCONATUY, a representative farmer of Montgomery County, residing in Rfiymond Township, section 5, has the ' honor of being a native of this State. He was born in (ireene Count}', near Carrolton, Febru- ary 24, 1844. and is a son of Perry and Matilda Jane (Olverson) McConalhy. The McConathy family is of Scotch-Irish extraction and was founded in America by the great-grandfather of our subject, who crossed the Atlantic when a young man and located in Kentucky in the seven- teenth century. Jacob now has in his possession a razor wliich was brought liy his ancestor from the Emerald Isle. Jacob McConathy, the grand- father of our subject, was born in Kentucky be- fore the Revolutionary War and ftir many years was a leading miller of that State. Perrj' McConathy was born near Lexington, PORTRAIT AND BlOGRAPmCAL RECORD. 277 Ky., August 17, 1813. By trade lie was ii saddler. Ill 1837, he made liis way in a two-wheel cart from Kentueky to the wild prairies of (ireeiie County, 111. For a time he worked at his trade, but soon located on a farm near what is now Rood- liouse, where iie continued to reside until his death, which occurred in 1881. He was quite successful and accumulated considerable property. He was a man of sterliujj; worth and was held in the highest esteem by his fellow-townsmen. For twenty-four years lie was honored with the oflices of Justice of the Peace and Notary Public, and for seven years w'as Assessor of his township, his long-continued service indicating his great |)opu- larity and the ability with which he disciiarged his public duties. Little is known concerning the maternal ancestry of our subject. His mother was born in (irayson County, Ky., .January 7, 1819, and in an early day came to Illinois. She is still living in (ireene County. Jacob McConathy, whose name heads tliis re- cord, was the lifth in a family of fourteen chil- dren, numbering seven sons and seven daughters, of whom all of the former and two of the latter are yet living. He was reared on his father's farm and received but a limited education, his privileges being such as the common schools in the early days of Illinois afforded. lie carried on farming in (!reene County until 1872, when he came to ^lontgomery County and |uircliased the farm in Raymond Township on which he now resides. It was in 18G.") that Mr. McConathy wedded Miss Mary J. JlcCracken, a native of Greene County and a daughter of Samuel and Mary (Rranyan) McCracken. natives of Perry Count}', Pa., who were of Scotch descent. They located in Greene County, 111., in 183.5. Her grandfather, William Piianyan, served in the War of 1812. Her father died when she was seven years of age, but her motlier is still living in (ireene County at the age of scveiity-tlirce years. I'nto Mr. and Mrs. McConathy were born nine children, of whom two died in childhood, but seven are yet living: Charles II., Perry Milton, William Leslie, Cora Lula, J. Tilden, Mamie and I'earl Elizabeth. In politics, Mr. McConathy has always been a Democrat, but has never been an office-seeker. Socially, he is a member of the Modern Wood- men Society. He is a man of good business ability, enterprising and s.agacious, and by his well- directed effiirts has won prosperity. He is recog- nized as one of the successful farmers and stock- raisers of the coiiimunit\-. J«f?[ LKX.\NI)FR C. DIRDV, Chairman of the <@'Oj County Hoard oor circumstances. Then it was, at the tender age e)f twelve years, that our subject was obliged to begin the battle of life for himself. He became an office lioy for a large foundry in St. Louis, and about all the edu- cation he received he obtained while attending night school. However, he made good use of his time and .-uMpiired a good business education. Gradually, he advanced until he had obtainoil the position of head book-kee[)er, which place he re- tained iiiiiil 18(iH, when he resigned to acce|>t a 278 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. position in tlie office uf the Northern Missouri Railroad Company. However, he remained in this position but a short time when he had offered to him at a big salar>' the position of salesman on tiie road for a large wholesale liquor house in St. Louis. This position he held continuously up to the year 1881, and in tlie meantime acquired quite a fortune. In the last-named year, he began look- ing around for a suitable location, where he could rear and educate his children, and finally estab- lished himself, in the elevator business at Ohlman, where he has met with much success in his business venture. iMr. Durdy was married in 1862 to Miss Jose- pliine Burback, a native of St. Louis, of German descent, and to them have been born ten children, all of whom but one are living, namely: Mary E., wife of William Schaiier, of Indianapolis, Ind.; Alexander C, .Ir., married Miss Annie M. Best, daughter of Henry A. Best, one of Montgomery County's most prominent citizens, and a wealthy farmer of Nokoniis, who is connected with our subject in the grain business; Stella, wife of E. A. Rice, a prominent lumber merchant of Litchfield; Cora T. is the wife of E. S. I'miileljy, agent of the Big Four at Olilniaii; Anna C Florence, Eliza- beth, Louis ]>eon and Leon Cleveland. The last five named are still in the school room. The mother of our subject died in St. J^ouis in 1872, and of his brothers and sisters there are but two of the former and one of the latter living. Two of his brothers, Robert J^. and .Tames, fought bravely in defense of the flag during the Civil War, and tlie former received injuries in the service for which he received a pension of $30 per month. He is now a resident of Havana, Mason County, 111. The other brother answered to the final muster a number of jears ago. William J., another brother, is a sergeant on the St. Louis police force, having served in that capacity for the last twenty-six years. Our subject's sister. Mis. James Hanson, is a widow and resides in St. Louis. In politics, Mr. Durdy has been a life-long Dem- ocrat, as was his father before him. and has held a number of local ollices. For six years he has been a member of the Board of County Supervisors and is the present Chairman of the Board, a position he has held for four consecutive years with great satisfaction to his constituents and with equally as great credit to himself. He began at the bottom round of the ladder a poor orphan boy, and his career througli life is worthy of emulation. He is spending the evening of his well-spent life in his beautiful home, where he enjoys all the comforts of domestic bliss and wiiere, surrounded by a happy family, he can enjoy rest and quiet. ^^^ :^ LIZABETH ANDERSON, widow of tlie late P. M. F. Anderson, an early pioneer, a rep- ' resentativc farmer, and highly respected citizen of Pitman Township, ^Montgomery County, 111., still continues to reside upon section 23, where in their happy home she and her husband spent so many useful years. Our subject is the daughter of .h)hn and Jean Montgomery, and was born in A3^rsliire, Scotland, the home of her ancestors, June 28, 1822. Her parents were honest, (iod-f ear- ing people, humble, industrious and upright in character, and under their careful training their daughter Elizabeth grew up to womanhood. Our subject's jiarents could give her only the advantage of a modest education, obtainable in the neighborhood of their home. But Elizabeth grew up a bright, intelligent, blooming lass, full of life, energy and ambition. Her mother had care- full}' instructed her daughter in the vvays of the frugal household, and when in 1841, at nineteen years of age, our sufiject gave her heart and hand to her chosen husband, Peter M. F. Anderson, she was a self-reliant, capable woman, well fitted to become a faithful and loving wife and mother. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson liegan their housekeep- ing in " bonnie Scotland," and prospered there as people must who possess hope, health, energy and will. The years passed on and little ones came into the home, bringing joy and sunshine, but the3' brought added cares as well. Anxious considera- tion for the future of their children determined our subject and her husband to emigrate to Amer- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 279 ica, which offered to all worthy new-corners a lieaity welcome and an independent home. It was thought best that Mi\ Anderson should go first and select liie location of their future res- idence; he therefore bade a l)rief farewell l<> wife and bal)es and departed for the New World in 1849. The letters he wrote home were full ofVheer and bright anticiiiation, and the presence of his family was only needed to make his life in Amer- ica a prosperous and ha|)py one. Mrs. Anderson was impatient to rejoin her husband and share with him the new exeriences of pioneer life upon the broad [)rairies of the Western IIemis[)here, and in liS.'iO, with hei ebildicii and the few liouseiiold treasures which could l)e easily and safely trans- ported, she embarked for America. The journey was Iioth long and tedious; the sailing-vessel made slow progress, and for seven weeks and four days the impatient passengers tossed about upon the rolling waves of the lirnad Atlantic. Safely landed in New York, our subject was not long in I'eaching her destination, Alton, 111. The reunited family made their residence in this city for about eight years and then removed to the homestead in Pitman Township. Mr. Anderson was a stonemason, and had also followed the trade of carpenter, but his farming venture was a suc- cessful one, and he continued an agriculturist the remainder of his life. When Mrs. Anderson with her husband and family settled upon section 23, the land could scarcely be called a farm. It was in fact unbroken [)rairie. upon which Mr. Ander- son turned the lirst sod. Years went on and the fertile soil annually yielded an abundant harvest, amply repaying him for all the toil and culture. In all the lal)ors of the home and farm the parents had the willing assistance of their childi-en, of whom four of the large family of twelve still survive: the living children are: .Tames, .John; ]\Iary, wife of .lames Oiler, is the mother of five chil- dren;and Margaret, wife of Leroy C. Franks. Chris- tina, w-ife of J. Holmes, died recently. Our subject and her husband gave their children all possible educational advantages, and had the satisfaction of seeing them become useful ;ind lioiu>red citizens in the land of their ado|)tion. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson were progressive peo- ple, and both took deep interest in public advance- ment. Mr. Anderson served efliclently as School Director, and his wise advice and sagacious coun- sel were highly appreciated by his co-laborers in the educational Held. He was a standi Republi- can, but impartial in his judgment of ollicial w^ortli. Our subject and her husband were both UH'mbers of the Presbyterian Church. Peter Andei-son was born March 1(), 1815, in Perthshire, Scotland; he died in Ilarvel Township, August 17. 18G6, universally regretted by the entire comnuinity, among whom hehadsiient an honored life. Mrs. .\nderson is the grandmother of thirteen living children; her son Robert, who died October 24, 1890. left Richard, Harry, James, Grace and Robert M. Mrs. Christina Holmes was the mother of Elizalieth, Margaret, Mnrra\- and an infant son. Happy, useful and beloved, our subject waits her appointed time. Her days have been long and varied, her interesting experience in pioneer life a story of the past whicii never fails to find ready listeners. That her presence may long liless her friends and relatives is the earnest wish of all. fF<^ ^ V/'l' UGrST BROKMIER,:i prosperous German- (@0| American, citizen who has done his part Is towai'd the improvement of this [lortion of the county, resides in Pitman Town- shi|i. His farm consists of one hundred and sixtv- oiie acres of line land and it shows careful, intelli- gent farming. Our subject was born in I'russia, on the 2(lth of September, 180(1, and is a son of Ilenrv and Frances Hrokmier, natives of the same country, who remained there all their lives, quiet, un- pi'etentious peo|)le, who (lid not jjossess the ven- turesome spirit of their son. Until the age of eighteen, August remained at home, or, to be [ire- cise, he passed his eighteenth birthday while on the shii) that was bearing him to the new land, where he had determined to make a home in spite of all (obstacles, 280 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In the older countries of Kurope, where popula- tion is dense, land is so vahiuble that nearly every foot is considered capable of cultivation, and that teaches the young men the thrifty haliits which cling to them and become characteristics of their farming when they come upon the broad acres of Western America. The subject of this notice reached the United States after a nine weeks' trip from Bremen, and upon Landing at New Orleans, set out for St. Louis, and soon found work in a chair factor}'. His labor proved satisfactory, and he continued there for a year and a-half, but his hope and ambition was to become a farmer, so that he could put into practice the methods which he had learned in his native countr}-. AVhen opportunity offered, he came to JNIont- gomery County, III., and engaged to work on a farm by the month, and gladly accepted $18 a month as good pay during the busy season. In this, as in his other work, he satisfied his employers, and kept right along until he w.as able to rent a place for himself. So well did he prosper in this that by the time the year 1880 came around he was in a position to purchase an excellent place of his own. He had had plenty of time to look about and choose a pleasant location, and when he came to his present place he settled here with his eyes open. He knew that hard work awaited him to make the farm what he wislied it to be, but he did not grudge any of that. The one hundred and sixty-one acres he has toiled over until now they are a pleasure and jiride to him. Mr. lirokniier has been thrice married, and seven children survive at tiiis time. They are: Henry A., Minnie, Tena, William, Anne, Herman and Charles, while .loliii and August are dead. Our subject is a respected member of the Lutheran Church of Farmersville, and has favored all of the improvements which have taken place in the county since his residence in it. He is a self-made man, and one whom all must regard with the greatest respect, as he has asked help of no man, but " paddled his own canoe " in the face of many difliculties, not the least being his imperfect knowledge of the language. In his own country he was well educated for his age, and since coming here he has acquired an understanding of the English tongue, but having to learn it w.as some drawback to him. He compares his condition now with that of the poor lad who landed in St. Louis with only seventy-five cents in his pocket, and feels that his work h.as not been in vain, but that his possessions pay him for time and labor ex- pended to obtain them. ■jf [ AMES W. ROBINSON. A privilege that but few are spared to enjoy is that of having witnessed the birth of the nineteenth cen- tury' and to still live to join in the cele- bration of the fourth century of the discovery of this land, which is the home of freedom and equal- ity. Mr. Robinson is one of the rare individuals whose experience extends over this long space of years, he now being in his ninety-third j-ear. He is one of the pioneers of Bond County and is as conversant with the histor}- and development of I llinois as an y man now living. He was born in Lin- coln County, N. C, March 14, 1800, and is a son of Alexander and Martha Elizabeth (White) Rob- inson. His father was also born in North Carolina and was the son of Alexander Robinson, a native of Ireland, who came to America in the early part of 1700. In 1812, the Robinson family went to Tennessee, and in 181G our subject came to Illinois. After harvesting a trial crop in Madison County, he brought on his family and stayed one year in that loealitj'. He then came to Bond County and set- tled on land not far from where Reno is now lo- cated, the land still being in the possession of our suliject. There his parents died. Of the three brothers and three sisters that he had, none are living. .lames W. Robinson was married December 31, 18.31, to Catherine Hess, a native of the State of Ohio. Their companionship was of only two yeai's' duration, her decease occurring .Inly 11, 1833. She left to her husband one son, Alexander PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 281 S., who on reaching manhood gave his life for his coiintiv, d\ ing in Libliy Prison, .Tnnunry 20, 18('it. Our subject again married, February 12, 1835, his bride being IMiss Polly Ann Armstrong. She i-urvived until Deeemlier 27, 18W'.), and on licr death left two cliildren, Mary K., the widow of ^Milton Kosebrougli, who lives near Valley Falls, Ivan., and Elvira, the wife (if II. M. Ferguson, at whose home our subject is pleasantly' passing the latter years of his life. Mr. Robinson inherits his prinei|iles in politics from a long line of Whig an- cestors, and has voted tlie Hepublican ticket ever since the organization of that party. He has been a life-liing member of the Presbyterian (Inircli, and for many years has served as Elder. jNIr. Robinson is a vigorous and hale old gentleman who retains his faculties remarkably and bids fair to welcome in the twentieth centnrv. J^_^ EXRY M. FERGUSON, the son-in-law of Mr. Robinson, was born in Madison County, III., April 30, 1848. He is a son of Alex- ander and Ann Eliza (Gould) Ferguson, liotli natives of New Hampshire, who came to Mad- i>on County, this State, in 1831. There both par- ents died. Mr. Ferguson was next to the young- est of a family of eight children, of whom four are now living: (ieorge, who was a Lieutenant in Companv A, One Hundred and Twenty-second I llinois Infantry, is now an attache of tlie Agri- cultural Department at Washington, D, C; Solon is a lumberman, located at Lilierty, Ind.; Helen is the wife of Sanuu'l U. Waggoner, a farmer of Mad- ison County. Mr. Ferguson vvas lironght up on the home farm, receiving a good rudimentary education in the public schools of the vicinity. He comi)leted his studies at the McKendree College, of Leliai.on, this State, and was thereafter engaged in teaching for some j'cars in Madison and .Ierse3' Counties. He came to his presenti farm in the fall of \H7h. Mv. and Mi's. Ferguson were married October 10, 1872, Mis. Ferguson being, as stated in her father's sketch. Miss Elvira Robinson. They have had six children, Imt of these three died when quite young. The surviving children are: (Ger- trude, Nellie and Eugene. Originally a Hcpiibli- can, Mr. Ferguson has espoused the I'rohibition cause, believing that upon the purity of this party does the future strength and power of our nation depend. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and for seven years served as Elder. He is Vice-president of the Sunday-school Association. ■55- \Tp\, ANEY DAVIS, so long identilied with j|ii|l the best interests of Pitman Township, yet lives, and will long live, in the hearts and ; memories of the friends, neighliors and general liiisiness community, liy whom he was much beloved and highly respected. His biography is well known, but a brief recital here may still more firmly establish the record of his honorable, uii- right and useful life. The parents cif our subject, .\lfred and Ann M. Davis, were liotli Soutlierners. Alfred Davis was a Tennesseean, but the iinimise of jirospority in the North caused his immigration to Illinois, where he and his wife settled in Macoupin County at a very early dav. In the new hftme Raney Davis was born, October 12, 1838. Years passed by, and in the quiet uneventful life of tlie farm, the child grew to man's estate. Mr. Davis had no extended opportunities for an education, but he punctually attended the disti-ict schools when he could be spared, and lost no ch;iiice to gain the kiKiwIedge he coveted. Farming duties early and late en- grossed much of his tune; hours of work were long and the labor often tiresome, Imt books or newsi)apers that came in his way were eagerly de- voured for the varied information and news thus obtained from the outside, world. Keeping pace with his work conscientiously as a fruthful son and breiul winner, he also found time to learn a trade. Alfred Davis, the father, was a 282 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. blacksmith and natvirall^' taught his son a trade, so necessai'_y in a new eountiy. Tims, arrived at the age of twenty-one in liis native county, our sub- ject found iiimself doubly armed for tiie battle of life. To do his best work for man and beast seemed to have been liis earnest effort, and in the double avocations of farmer and blacksniitli he found no idle time. Self-educated, mainly, he gained beside the anvil and in the field an insight into many problems of life, and it was a common saying that no man was better posted on the topics of the da^- than Raney Davis. Within the walls of his blacksmith shop, eager and convincing arguments for the right were lis- tened to with respect by friend and neighbor. The district school had jilanted the seeds of integrity and honor which Mr. Davis' life developed to full maturity. But farming and work at the anvil did not occupy the whole of our subject's early years. He found plentj' of leisure to woo and win, and on Novemlier 21, 1861, married ^iliss Emeline Mc- Cluer, also of JMacoui)in County. This lady, a daughter of Jt>hn and Hannah McCluer, was born in Indiana, August 15, 1840. The McCluers soon after removed with their infant daughter to this State, and thus together boy and girl they grew up side l)y side, each a favorite in the county and neighborhood. Into the new home just founded six children brought sunshine and joy, though two of them have passed beyond. Charles K., Bertie L., Annie M. and Alliert L. still survive. .loseph K. and Frank died in early childhoixl. In the s|)ring of 1861, Mr. Davis and his family re- moved to Montgomery County and settled on the farm which is still the family homestead, and began in the new neighl]orhood the life which brought to tlu'.m both much ha]>piness and honor. The land upon which Mr. Davis located was unbroken prairie, but his energetic management soon yielded him goodly crops, and the improvements of to-day are a monument to his skillful toil. As before mentioned, he continued his trade of a blacksmith, in which he found ready custom from the surrounding country. Although always a busy man, ho yt^t found time to serve the public as Highway Commissioner of his township. He was also a valued member of the School Board, acting at times in the capacity of Clerk of the Board and School Director. Mr. Davis was a life- long Democrat, and together with his wife be- longed to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they weie valued members. As a kind friend, ad- viser and jjublic-spirited citizen, Mr. Davis was widely known. The entire township became mourners wlien death called him from its midst, May 7, 1891. ^^•5•^•^ ■irlOSEPlI p. THOMPSON is a retired farmer living in Greenville, Bond County. A self-made man, by his own efforts he has worked his way upward and achieved the success whicli l:)i-ought him a comfortable compe- tence and enables him now to lay aside all busi- ness caies. He was born in Davidson County, Tenn., Octoljer 31, 1822. His grandfather, Joshua Thompson, was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to America and settled in Viiginia, where William Thompson, the father of our subject, was born. The latter went to Tennessee in 1816, and mar- ried Sarah, daughter of William Scalle^-, a native of Tennessee, born of (ierman parentage. William Thompson was engaged in farming in Tennessee until 1837, when he removed to Law- rence Coinity. Ind., where he continued his agri- cultural pursuits until 18,")3. In that year he went to ^lissouri, where he spent the icmainder of his life. In [lolitics he was a Democrat, and knew Gen. .lackson and Zachary Taylor, becoming acrpiainted with the latter while serving as Cor- poral in the Black llawk War. With some others he got a quantity of honey from a bee tree, and they |)resenled the best of it to Gen. Taylor, who did not even thank them for the gift. Fi'om that time Mr. Thompson had not a ver\- high regard for Mr. Taylor. We now take up the [lersonal history of our subject, whose lioyliood days >yefe spent upon his Wiley Life h PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 285 father's farm. His education was acquired in tlie common schools, and lie aftei-waid engaged in leaching in ^'i^ginia. Lalcr, lie engaged in mer- chandising in Indiana for four years, and in IiS46 embarked in farming in Lawrence County, hid., where he spent ten years. The year 1856 wit- nessed his arrival in Bond County, where lie lo- cated near Elm Point, LaGrange Township, and purchased, on July 4, one hundred and ten acres of land, which he developed and improved. He extended the boundaries of liis farm until it com- prised over four hundred acres, and made his home there until 1875, when he sold out and pinchased three liuiidied and forty acres elsewhere, devot- ing his energies to the cultivation of the latter tract until 1881, in which year he came to Green- ville, lie here purchased four lots and three acres of land adjoining, and now has a line home with beautiful surrouudings. In 184tj, Mi: Thompson wedder a horse, and in that manner he made his start in life. /^i\ AREY W. .lEJN'NINGS is quite a prominent [ip^^ farmer in Shoal Creek Township, Bond ^iiJy County. lie was born in Johnson County, liid., .January 24, 1835, a son of Benoni and Rachael L. (McKinney) Jennings. The elder Mr. Jennings was of English and Welsh ancestry, but was l)orn in Brown County, Ohio, in the year 1800. His wife was a native of the same locality, and of Irish ancestr}'. Soon after marriage tlie3' moved to Indiana, and in 1841 came to Coles County, 111., and in 1844 to Bond County, locating near Greenville, which place continued to be their home for live years. The Jennings family, at the expiration of the time above named, moved to a place three miles north of Old Ripley. There both jiarents died in 1854, having fallen victims to the cholera. Aug- ust 12, 18()1, our subject entered the army, joining Company 1), of the Third Illinois Cavalry, and was made a Corporal. He served throughout a three months' campaign in Missouri, and was in the fight at Sugar Creek and at Pea Ridge. I^ater, his com- pany was a|)pointed as escort to Gen. Steele. Much of the time during Mr. Jeuning's war experience he was sick, and was finally discharged at Spring- field, 111., September 5, 1864, after a service of three years and iwenty-three days. He now draws a pension of ^16 per month. The business lo which the original of this sketch has given his undivided attention, with the exception of the time spent in the army, is that of a farmer. From 1871 to 1874 he was in Morgan County, Mo., but came to Sorcnto in 1883, and here he has lived ever since. August 9, 185C, a momentous event was celebrated in our subject's career, that of his marriage, at which time he took upon himself the vow to protect and cherish as his wedded wife Mary E. Willey. Her father, Wilson W. Willey, was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Mexican War. The years that have passed since their union have been blessed by the advent of seven children, five of whom are now living. They are William G., who resides in Sorento; Amanda F., the wife of Thomas P. Moss, also of Sorento; E. W., who is at present in Texas; George E., also in Sorento; and Nettie Belle, who is still in school. The Republican party receives the fa- vors which IMr. Jennings has to bestow in a polit- ical way, while in a social way he is a strong Grand Army man. l>^-<^ ~— >— ■^I'oSEPnUS CAUBY has alw.ays resided in this State, and his principal occujjation has i been farming, although he has also held a ' number of local offices, and was Assessor of Bois B'Arc Townshiji for some time. He has ever been identified with the best interests of Montgom- ery County, and ranks as a noticeable illustra- tion of that indomitable push and energy which characterize men of will and determination. In addition to being a successful farmer, whose opin- ions upon matters i)ertaining to agriculture carry with them great weight, he is a man of broad in- telligence, who h.as given much attention to ques- tions of public import. At present Mr. Cauby is a resident of Farmersville, and is a jjroinincut cit- izen of that place. Born in Cass County, III., February 2fi, 1834, Mr. Cauby is the son of Joseph and Sophia (Siinms) Cauby, the father a native of the Palmetto State, and the mother probably of Kentucky. The parents were early settleis of Illinois, where the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORD. 289 father entered Land from the Government. He was industrious and enterprising, and was pronii- uently identified witli tlie growtli and prosperity of tlie county. l>y liard worlv and eeonomy lie became tlie owner of an excellent farm, and he and liis excellent wife received their final snm- mons on the homestead where they had passed the best years of their lives. The jouthful days of GUV subject were sjjent in assisting liis father to imiirove and develop the farm, and as he became thoroughly familiar with agriculture in his youth, it was not to be wondered at that lie should choose it as his calling in his life. The district schools of Cass County furnished our subject with a good practical education, but the principal part of his knowledge has been ob- tained by his own exertions. He was married on the l.'5tli of April, 1856, to Miss Emaline Gerhard, a native of the Bucke3"e State, born in Montgomery County .luly 17, 18.37, and the daughter of Sam- uel and Ann (Kardis) Gerhard, both natives of Maryland. At an early date, and when Jlrs. Cauby was quite small, the parents moved to Scott County, 111., where they were among the pioneers, and where she was reared. To Mr. and Mrs. Cauby have been born seven children, six of whom are living at the jiresent time, viz; Anne, wife of William Downey; Frank; Nettie, wife of Mathias Clow; .Tose|)h F.; Clara, wife of George Browning; aud William. Fninia C. is deceased. In the spring of IMtil. INIr. Caub\' moved to Montgomery County, and .settled in Bois D'Arc Township on a farm, where he remained until the spring of 1888. He erected good buildings and all necessary adjuncts, has accumulated his fine property by industry, economy and good manage- ment, and is now one of Monlgomei-y Cou.ntj''s solid men and enterprising citizens. In the above-named year he moved to Fannersville, and liere he has made his home up to the present time. He owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, and is a self-made man in every sense of that term. For three years he served as Assessor of Bois D'Arc Township, and has held other positions in the township, filling all with al)ility and elliciency. He is highly respected, and his advice and aid in all enterjirises regarding the advancement of his community are very much appreciated. Mr. and Mrs. Cauby are worthy members of the IJaptist Church, and he is serving as Clerk in the same. They are aLso identified with the ^Missionary Society of tlie cluireh. hi politics he is a [n'O- nounced Democrat, and takes iiuich interest in the triumphs of his party. ON. K. F. BKNNliTT, M. D. Should the inquisitive stranger ask in the city of Litchfield for its most |)rominent citizen, very many would mention the gentleman whose name opens this article. He is the present Mayor of the place and also is one of the leading physicians, having been in practice here since 18(12. Dr. Bennett w.as born in Shelby County, 111., October 2, 1839, and was the son of William F>. and Lavina (Curry) Bennett. The father was a native of Virginia, having been born near the [ticturesque city of Lynchlinrg, December it, IKI5. He received his education at Nashville, Tenn., his [jarents having located there when he was ([uite young, and came to Illinois when he had grown to manhood. He married in Shelby County a lady from Tennessee, and he still lives in Shelby County on a farm with liis youngest son. He became a suc- sessful Illinois farmer and a prominent man in his county. He is a Republican in his polities and is a member of the Board of Supervisors. He and his wife were members of the Christian Church, but the former is not now living, she ha\iiig died in 1872, at the age of fifty-six years. Our subject was the eldest in the family of chil- dren and was sent U> the Moultrie Count\' Semin- ary to .acciuire an education. This was a fine school and our subject improved his oi)portunilics .so that at the age of seventeen he w.as able to take charge of a school for himself, anIaiy land, and reeeived but a limited edueation in iiis youth, jiis advantages being ver3' inferior to those of the present day. l>eing a great reader and a man of more than ordinary intelli- gence, he is mainly self-educated, and is as well informed as inany who have had nnich better ad- vantages. On the .5th of September, 1844, Mr. Simon was united in marriage with IMiss Catherine Peek, a native of Pennsylvania, born in Somerset County, March 4, 1825. She is the daughter of Henry and Eva Peck, natives of the Keystone State, and of German descent. Tlie children born to Mr. and Mrs. Peck were as fc)llows: .lohn; Catheiine, Mrs. Simon; .Jacob, Elizabeth, Samuel, Sally, Susan and Henry. The four last named died after reaching mature years. Of the children born to our suliject and his wife, tlie following now survive: Elizabeth, Susan, Sarah. Savilla, lA)uisa. Catherine, Lucinda, .lulia, Alice, Jonas and (ieorge. Seven children are de- ceased, five sons and two daughters. In the fall of 186G, our subject with his family removed to the Prairie State and located first in Macoupin County, Init in the spring of 1867, came to Mont- gomery County and settled on a farm in Bois D' Arc Townshi(), where he has resided since. Mr. Simon has acquired about one hundred and fifty-five acres of land, ujion which he has since closely a|iplied himself to farming and stock-rais- ing, and with what success may be inferred from a glance at his farm. His estimable wife has been a helpmate indeed, and has aided him in every etToit. They settled on tlie raw piairie land, and Mr. Simon turned the first furrow on the place. He is a self-made man, and he and Mrs. Simon have reason to lie [iroud of their energy and persever- ance in gathering around them so many of the com- forts and conveniences of life. They have wit- nessed almost the entire growth of the count/. have contributed their share toward its develop- ment and progress, and are citizens of whom any community might be proud, r.othare worthy mem- bers of the German I)a|itist Church, and Mi. Simon is a Deacon in the same. During her girlhood Mrs. .Simon attended a suliscription school, and, although she had limited educational advantages, she is a thoughtful reader and observer, and an intelligent conversationalist. They .are lionoiable and useful citizens, and an ornament to their coinniunit\-. h»*fcw W T. t - ' I ' I J l OHN T. MADDEX is among the most enter- prising and deservedly successful of the many eminent gentlemen who devote their ^^ time and energies toward the material ad- vancement of the best interests of llillsboro and Montgomery County. Few maintain a higher reputation ftir integrity and reliability, and as he has been a resident of Montgomery County since the ,age of three years, he is well and favoraldy known throughout its length and bieadtli. His methods are straightforward and honorable, and as a consequence the volume and value of his real- estate and insurance business are steadily enlarg- ing from day to day. A large part of his success is due to his knowledge of real-estate law, thereby protecting investors from imperfect titles, and giv- ing them confidence that money invested through his office is not only (irofitable, but safe. Our subject was born in (irt'en ville, liond County, III., Aiiril o, 18;i;i. His father, .lohn Mad- dux, was a native of Kentucky, as w.as also the grandfather, .lohn Maddux, Sr. The father of our subject was born in the year 1708, grew to man- hood in his native State, and was there married to Miss Rebecca White, who w.as born and reared in the IJlue (irass State. jVfter inai-riage. the pai'cnts remained in Kentucky until ab. Mr. Prickett, Sr., was also a native of Georgia and came to Illinois ill an early day, but died when our sub- ject was a lad of seven years of age. Mrs. Prickett again married, her second husliand being .lohii E. Evans. Of the four children born to our subject's par- ents, .I.ames R. is In Washington, and Jacob T. In Litchfield, this State; Thomas \V. Evans, a lialf- brother of our sul)ject, lives near b^'. lie Is also a veteran of the late war, having served in the One Iliindred and Eiftieth Illinois Infantry, .lolin N. w.as reared on the home farm, and there learned many things besides the rudiments of the educa- tion which he received In the district school. He w.'is engaged for a number t)f years as a teacher in the schools of the locality. September 5, I8(;i, he-entered the army, joining Comiiany A (an in- dependent company of sharpshooters), which was attached to the Twenty-sixth Missouri Infantry. This company was for a time body-guard to (ien. Eremont. They took part in the battles of luka and Corinth. After the latter engagement our subject was taken sick with a comiilication of dis- eases and was for a long time In a hospital at St. Louis, from which he w.as finally discharged January 6, 1803. February 3, 18C5, Mr. Prickett had so far re- covered that he again enlisted in Comi)any G, One Hundred and Fiftieth Illinois Infantry, hav- ing a commission as Orderly-Sergeant. He was afterward promoted to the post of First Lieuten- ant of Ills company, and served until January 30, 18t!fJ,when he received his honorable discharge at Camp Butler, at Springfield, III. After our suljject returned from the army, he took unfii himself the duties and obligations of married life, his bride being JMIss Julia A. Denny, a sister of O. C. and E. W. Denny, wliose family came to Illinois in pioneer days. Mrs. .lulla Prickett died January IS, liS78, leaving three children, one of whom died In Infancy. Willie S. married .Miss Nellie M. LIuxwIler; Addle lives with her father. Our sultject again married, June 'J, 1881, Ills present wife having been Miss Nancy S. Wile}', who was born in Montgomery County, where her parents were early settlers, coming hither from Kentucky. Her father, James Wiley, 296 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was born in Lincoln County, Ky., and her mother in Huncoralje County, N. C. The decease of both took phice in Montgomeiy County. Mr. Priekett is a strong Republican and is a practical exponent in his agricultural interests of tlie benefit reaped from the policy of that party. Ilis associations and reunions at various times with the Grand Army of the Republic have given him great pleas- ure. For many years he was engaged in teach- ing. He now lives on his farm, still retaining enougii of its active management to be a pleasant occupation for him. ♦^•S _y / ♦^♦^* 'iflAMES II. COX. It is the fad of the day to assume that a newspaper, and especially a political organ, must be tiie popular edu- cator. This is doubtless true, and as with educators of other sorts, the editor and maker of a live, newsy sheet must be up and doing. It is an eas}' matter in these days of "patent insides" and "scissoring" of the liright things from the metropol- itan sheets, to make up an ordinary ])aper, but to know how to add its (iroper spice of local fact and fancy so that it will appeal to its own public and be indeed a cyclopedia of grateful knowledge, is anotiier thing. Our subject, however, who is the editor and pro|>rietor of the Daily News, a bright, original little sheet publisheb Snyder, a fanner; Belle remains single; Orville, Grace, Alma and Hubert are at home. iSIr. Lingle is a Rei)ublican in his political belief, and has been true to party and has desired no of- fices. He is a valued member of the Lutheran Church, which he sup|jorts and attends. He has carried on a system of mixed farming and has l)een very successful and is a man much res|)ected in his ueiu'liliorhood. "yfoHN F. FILE. The pleasant little town of Soi-ento, v.liich is notable for its phenomenal growth, is the [)lace of residence of a num- ber of retired farmers, who have accumu- lated a handsome competency in their calling, and have settled here to s(iend the halcyon days of the late summer cif life. Our subject is a notalile member of this class and has a very attractive home. John F. File was born in Ripley Precinct. Bond County, .luly I-''. I8.'>2. He is a son of (ieorge and Mary (Lyttaker) File, and was the third boy and fifth child in order of birth of a family num- bering fourteen cliildren, namely: Henry, Peter, Elizabeth, Margaret, Moses E., Catherine, George, Sarah Melinda, Nancy E., Amanda, Hester, James N. and Susan, beside oui subject. Some of these children are now deceased. The survivors are honored and res|)ected citizens of the locality in which they live. As to the ancestry of the File and Lyttaker families, but little is known beyond the fact that 298 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. thej' were both of old Pennsylvania Dutch stock, wlio in an early day emigiated to North Carolina. There tlie lather of our subject was born in Oc- tober, 1798. His mother was born in Tennessee in 1808. Jn 18-22, JNlr. File came to Illinois, settling in liond County, where he took up land, but for many years he was engaged in the distilling busi- ness. He died in Ripley Township in 1857. After his first prospecting tour in Illinois, in 1822, he returned lo Tennessee and married our subject's mother. After a life spent in good works, this noble w'oman died in March, 1878, at the age of seventy years. John File grew uj) on his father's farm, receiv- ing such education as was furnislied in the com- mon schools of the da3'. March 17, 1853, he was married to Miss Barsheba Willey, who was the eld- est of six children born to Willis and Frances (Mills) AVilley, both natives of Nashville, Tenn., where the former was for many years a large slave- holder. The family early came to Illinois and located in Bond County, where his business as a fanner was only interrupted by his experience in the Mexican War. He went out with a Captain's commission and came back as a Colonel. He died in 1858, and his wife followed him in 1866. JNIrs. File was born in Pocahontas Township, in 1836. Our subject and his wife have been the parents of nine children, as follows: Columbus was killed wlieu but fifteen years of age, by being kicked liy a horse; Mary F. is the wife of Hiram Chestnut, a farmer who served four years in the late war in the Third Illinois Cavalry; George W. lives in Creenville; Carey F. lives in .Sorento; Kmma J. is the wife of John Stafford, and resides in iSorento; Lemuel is a clerk in the hardware store of S. C. Cre.ss, of Sorento; John F., Jr., Henry A. and Lula live at home. February 25, 1864, Mr. File entered the army, joining Company E, of the Third Illinois Cavalr}'. He entered the ranks at St. Louis and thence went to Memphis, afterward to Helena, Ark., then to Little Rock; in fact, was with the regiment in all their expeditions, fights and campaigns, including the expedition from Ft. Snclling, Mo., to Devil's Lake, Dak., and was mustered out of service at Ft. Snelling, October 10, 1865. On returning from the war, our subject rejoined his family in Ripley Townshii), and resumed farming operations. In 1867, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of the county, and filled the olliec for seven years. He also served as Supervisor of his townsliip, mean- time continuing his farming until 1890, when he moved to Sorento, where he has since resided. He has a small suburban farm which claims some of his time and attention. He is a strong Republican in politics, and is an equally ardent member of the Grand Arm\-. He receives a pension of ^10 per month. ■CD eOL. PAUL WALTER. Prominent among the active enterprises of a city like Hills- boro the liveiy business occupies neces- sarily an important place, contributing as it does to the pleasure, convenience and necessi- ties of the community. Among the most noted establishments of this class is that conducted by Col. Paul AValter, it being one of the most popular ones in the cit}-. The Colonel is a native of North Carolina, born in Cabarrus County, Octolier 3, 1821. His grandfather, Paul Walter, was born in Ger- many and came to America when a young man. He .served in the Revolutionary War and was wounded four times. His .son, Nicholas Walter, the father of our subject, was born in the Old North State, grew to manhood there, and learned the millwright's trade. He was married in his na- tive State, to Miss Catherine Goodman, a native of France, who came to America with her paients when a child. They located in North Carolina and there Mrs. Walter grew to womanhood. After marriage, this worthy couple located in Cabarrus County, N. C.,and there the father passed aw.iy in the year 1825. After his death, or in 1838, his widow came to Montgomery County, 111., and lo- cated on a farm north of Ilillsboro, where she passed the remainder of her days. They were the parents of eight children, four sons and four PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 299 ilaugliters, nil of whom grew up. married, find he- came the heads of families. Only one beside our sulijeet is now living, Ilenr^- .T., of Ilillsboro. Our subject is the youngest of this family and was seventeen years of age when he came to Mont- gomery County. 111. His first schooling was in North Carolina and after cdniiug to JMontgomery County, he attended the schools of the same. He remained with his niothei- and assisted on the farm until February 1, 1811, when he w.as married to jMiss Emaline Scott, a native of North Carolina and the daughter of Alexander Scott, also of the Old North State. The fruits of this union were eight children, four sons and four daugliters, as follows: (ieorge A., W. Scott, Marcilla, Illinois, Susan, Miller, Kstella and .lames. Following his marriage, ISIr. Walter located on a farm eight miles north of Hillslioro and was engaged in general farming un- til 18.50, when he was seized with the gold fever. He crossed the plains to California, via Salt Lake City, with teams, and was a resident of that Stale for four years. He returned liy way of the Isth- mus to New (Jrleans and thence to his home. Two months later, Mr. Walter returned to Cah^ fornia and two 3'eai's later returned to the East via, the Isthmus .and New York City. During his two trips to the Gold State, he made *48,(l()0. In the year ISfH, he enlisted in C^^<| ;ILLIAM KdCli.a retired lumber man of tiroenville, is a native of Klein, Ruden, (iermany. He was born IMarch 22, 1822, and is a son of Christian and Fredericka (iMacke) Koch, natives of lirunswiek, Germany. His father was an extensive farmer of that country and he and his wife spent tlieir entire lives in tlieir native land. They had a family of eight children, of whtmi three came to .\meiica. Of these .Jacob kicated in \an(lalia. 111., and died in Tazewell County; Christian was a resident of \'andalia. 111., until his deatli; and William. We now take up the perscjnal history of oursub- ject, who was educated in his native land and re- mained on the home farm until his immigration to America in IM'.t. He crossed the Atlantic in a sailing-vessel and after a tempestuous voyage of twelve weeks, landed in Ni'w Orleans and from there came up the rix'cr to St. Louis and on to Yandalia, III., wln^re his brother Christian was liv- ing. Two years afterward he purchased two hun- dred acres of laiul northwest of \'andalia and em- barked in farming, and made his home upon that farm for about twenty years. He then sold that tract and |)urcliased two hundred acres of wild land near Yandalia, which he transformed into rich and fertile fields and improved with good buildings, etc. Subsetjuently, he again sold out, and after a short residence in \'aiid.alia came to Groenvilleand embarked in the lumber business with .1. C. Gerichs. This jiartnership continued for twelve years and they did a largi' volume of business over an ex- tended territory. Mr. Koch was married ill \andali:i in 1851 to Miss Mary ,1. Walter, who died in that city. In 18fil), h(! wasag.ain married, his second union being with Mi.'^s Minnie Stoll, who departed this life in 1883. Jlr. Koch has no children of his own but 300 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. has reared three: John Walter, who came to him when eijjhteen months old and under his r(>of o;re\v to niHiihood, and tvvo nieces Caiiic and Maggie Sonnmann, wlio liave lived with him from the ages of fourteen and six j'ears resi)ectively. In connection with his other business interests, Mr. Koch ]nirchased one hundred and sixty acres of land just south of the city and another tract of sixty acres which he has improved and has under a iiigh state of cultivation. He has a fine Hock of Shropshire sheep on the farm and owns besides a large amount of other stock. He laid out tlie Koch Addition to Greenville, in the southwest part of the city, and has been a prominent and intlueiitial citizen, wlio takes a commendable interest in all tiiat pertains to the welfare of the community and its upbuilding. In politics Mr. Kocli is a Republican and has held the office of Alderman for six years, for one year was City Treasiuer, and lias been one of the Direc- tors of the School Board fen- seven years. The prompt and faithful manner in vvliich lie ever dis- charges his public duties has led to his frequent re-elec'.ions, and won liim the commendation of all concerned. He is a faithful member of the Christian Church ill which he serves as a Deacon. His home is a fine residence in Waits Addition, and the owner is recognized not only as one of the wealthy but as one of the prominent and valued citizens of this coiniiiunitv. His life has been an honorable and upright one, wiiicii has gained him the confidence and respect of all with whom he has been brought in contact. WJLLIAM A. SnUPING is a member of the firm of Dixon A' Shupiug, who are exten- ^ ^ sive dealers of grain at AVitt, 111. This firm is well and favorably known througiioul this section of the country, has an uii(|uestioned credit, and is considered (jiiite a factor in tlie market. Mr. Shuping was born near Salisbury, N. C, March 16, 1849, a son of Andrew and Polly (Cense) Shuping, and knows but little of the ancestry or early liistorv of his family further than the fact that they were natives of the old North State, where the father was an extensive and well-to-do planter. There is but little doubt that the Shup- ings were early settlers of Pennsylvania, and might be termed of Dutch extraction. Andrew Shuping and his son Henry espoused the Confederate cause at the opening of tlu; Civil War and were in every sense of the word Soutliern sympatliisers and loyal to Southern interests and institutions. Tlie father is still living in North Carolina, and tiie son Henry is a resident of Sumner County, Kan. On the typical old Southern plantation belong- ing to his father, the subject of this sketch was reared, but in his 30uth was deprived of advantages for securing an education, save what the eonimon schools afforded, liut in these he managed to ac- quire a practical knowledge of the common brandies. His early life was healthy, happy and free from care, but at the age of twenty-one, or in 1870, he took ui)on his shoulders the burden of his own support, and began his independent career as a tiller of the soil in Montgomery County, 111. This honorable and useful employment occupied his undivided attention for a few years, after which he turned his attention to the liusiness of grain buying in the town of Witt, where he has built up a re|nitation for honesty and fair dealing which has gone far toward making him the successful man of business that he is. Mr. Shuping is personally held in the highest esteem, and is honored alike for his business quali- ficatums and social standing. He is a fine financier and holds the confidence of the best grain houses of his section. His career bears evidence of his personal worth and he is one of the leading social factors of the place, conspicuous for his promptness and energy. Through energetic management the house has become a well-known and well-conducted one and the well-ordered premises are supplied with all reiiuisile facilities, which enable them to offer special advantages to customers. Mr. Shuping wooed and won for his wife Mrs. Klleii (llobni's) Anderson, their iiiilt land in the Slates. He was industrious and progressive and was fairly successful in his undertaking. The advantages for receiving .■in education were not the best foi- our subjcrt iu ihe locality where his parents had settled, and it being the desire of the elder Mr. Keiser that his son should be a minister, John was under his father's tutelage preparing for college. In ISG.'S, ho entered the Concordia Col- lege of St. Louis and there diligently prosecuteany had received orders and was about to embark f<_ir Memiibis from St. Louis when the woi d came that Gen. Lee had surrendered. They were then held in St. Louis until the first part of .Iiily, when they were ordered to lie discharged. This occurrence t. '// > ^1 / \ /^' i PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, 30.'^ upon him. This is attested l)v the fact tiiat siic- ci'ss attended his efforts from tiie start, and, al- tlioiigh i)i'actieally a self-made man, he has won an honoralile |iosit,ion amonu' the professiimal men of the count\-. The original of this notice is a nienilier of ]\Iacou|iin County Medical Society and his name occupies a [jrominent [ilace on the rolls of the niedii'al men of Montgomery and surrounding counties. He married Miss Henrietta Terry, daughter of Robert and Ann (Morell) Terry, I»otii natives of Macoupin County, 111. To Dr. and Mrs. Jones have heen born two children, Mabel (deceased), and Lola. The Doctor is the owner of one hundred and fifteen acres of land and is one of the sub>tantial and [irogressive men of the county. In politics, he is an ardent Republican and is now serving as Central Coininittcenian of tlie county. Socially, he is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternitv at Virdeii, 111. mj =^^ 'if'oHN NEWPORT. ISIontgomery County iias won an envialile reputation as a prosper- ous farming community, and this reputa- _ tion has been acquired through the enter- prise and energy of such agriculturists as Mr. Newport. He has been prominently identified with tlie development of the county and with its advancement in every worthy particular, and has discharged the duties of a number of township of- fices in a very satisfactory and creditable manner. He was Supervisor of Bois D" Arc Township for a number of years, and is one of the most useful men of the cominunity. A i)romiiient and useful citi- zen, the county (iwes its prosperity to just such men as lie. Mr. Newportclaiins Ohio as his native State, and was })Orn in Preble County, September .30, 1824. He is the son f)f Thomas and Sarah (Biggs) New- port, natives of Pennsylvania. One of his uncles, JamesT. Newport, was a Captain in the Warof IHI'2. Our subject was reared to mature years in his na- tive State, and from an early age has been engaged in tilling the .soil, an occupatif)n wliich has brought him substantial returns. He secured a good prac- tical educ:iti'or two tcrni'^ she attended the Presl)yter- iaii College at Jackson ville, and is a lady of much more than average intelligence. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Newport, as fol- lows: Mary . I., wife tion of the Federal constitution by Oliver Evans, of Pennsylvania. But in this as in other de- partments of industry Anierican inventive gen- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 307 ins saw opportunity fur iinprovemeiit, and as a result tlie gradual reduction process, or, as it is known, the roller .s^'Stem, was introduced. This has produced so great a change tlial at the present day tliis system is adoi)ted by all leading and prosjieious mills in the country. Among those milling enter()iises which have se- cured conspicuousness on account of the uniform excellence of their products, we nf)tice especially the Nokomis Roller Blills, whose proprietor, L. M. Hartsock, is one of the rei)resentative liusiness men of the place. Mr. Ilart^ock was horn neai- .lohnsvillc. Fred- erick County, Md., November '.1, 184 1, and is a son of Nicholas Hartsock, who was a native of the Keystone State, luit an early settler of Fred- erick County, ]\Id. The latter was a farmer but also followed the trade of a mason. When but four years of age our subject was left an or- phan, and as a consequence he knows very little of his ancestors on either side. When his mother died he was sent among strangers and grew to rugged manhood on a farm, receiving very little schooling, perhaps one or two months in a .year, and that by going a distance of twn and a-half miles each day to school. Under these circumstances his early life was not a pleasant or happy one. When eighteen years of age, young Hartsock entered a flouring mill near Middlebui-g, Md., to learn the trade of a miller, and there he remained for about two >ears and a-half. After this he en- tered a mill at New Windsor, where he was fore- man for about a year. After this he came to Illi- nois, was emj)loyed in a mill at Staunton for a year, then in 181)7 he rented a mill at Bunker Iliil, III., and operated it for one year. From there he went to Waterloo and was one of a company that oper- ated a mill, and it was a"Waterloo" indeed, for the great decline in wheat, from $2.50 to IK) cents per bushel, caused a suspension and the loss of all lie had. Not daunted in the least ho went to work again, and from that time until the spring of 1872 he worked in different nulls. At that date he came to Nokomis to work in the mill of K. A. Cooley ife Co., but in 1873 this firm failed and the mill was shut down. Soon after, hovyever, Mi'. I l.-iitsock and a Mr, Hobson made arrangements to rent and f>pei- ate tlie mill, and later on they purchased the plant. They prospered from the start and the iiartucishi|"> continued until the death of Mr. Ilobsou in 1883, at which time our subject liecame the sole proprietor. Jn 1888 the old mill burned down ,-ind in 188i) JMr. Hartsock in cnm- |)any with 15. F. .Mc(;rew completed the tine, new one hundred and lift,y barrel roller mill, of which he is sole [irciprietor, having purchased his partner's interest in .lanuary. 18i)2. He has quite a large trade from New England and New York as well as a largedirect export business. After the many misfc)r- tunes of early youth, Mr. Hartsock is well deserv- ing the large degree of [irosperily he is now en- jiiVLiig. All he has accumulated is the rcsulfuf his own good, energetic qualities, and he is ihjw very comfortably otf in life. In politics, he has ever been a Republican, and socially he is a Mas- ter and Chapter Mason. He married in 18()8 Miss Frances A. Cooley, a native of Indiana, and this union has been blessed by the birth of four children: Margaret at home; Arthur L., in his father's mills; Robert L. and Ethel, both now at- tending the public schools. -SI ^+^[ \J^ ASCAL C. ABELL. A [.lain statement of I jY the facts embraced in the life of i\Ir. Aliell, '^ <-' a man well and favorably known to the II people of IMontgomery C(.)unty. is all that we jirofcss to be alile to give in this volume. Yet, upon ex;unination of these facts, there will be found the career of one whose entire course thniugh the world has been marked by great hcin- esty and lidelity of purpo.se. lie has followed the active and industrious life of a faruu-r all his life, and has met with substantial I'esults in this occu- pation, owning now a tine farm in Witt Township. Our subject was the elilest of a family of seven children, his birth occvn-ring noli far from Spring- field, Sangamon County, I II., May 1.'), 18;M. His par- ents, .1, H. and Adeline (l)erly) -\bell, were natives 308 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPmCAL RECORD. of Kentucky and Tcnness.ee, respectively. The great-grandfather of our subject was a native of Wales, and came to America at a period antedat- ing tlie Revolutionary War. He settled in Vir- ginia, and there tlie grandfather of our subject, Josliua Abell, was born. J. II. Abell was born in 1801, and came to Illinois in 1827, locating on the liicn wild i)rairies of Sangamon County. He was one of tlie pioneers of the county, and was very active in its improvement. In 1840, he came to Montgomery County, and for some time was en- gaged in mercantile pursuits. His death occurred ou a farm in I?ond County in 1863. He was a man whose ui)rightness and lionesty of purpose were well known, and who was universally re- spected. His wife was the daughter of Jehu Derlj', who came to Sangamon County, 111., before the Black Hawk War, and who had a brother killed in tiiat war. Pascal C. Aliell grew to nianlmod, as did tlie sons of otlier pioneer settlers, with but limited educational advantages, but being naturally an apt scliolar, he obtained a fair knowledge of the different branches, and even now, wlieii nearly sixty years of age, he can in a very sliort space of time memorize a chapter in the Bible. During the fore part of the late war he was farming in Bond County, and on the 26th of November, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Forty -seventh Illinois In- fantry, as a private, and was at once .sent to the front. He was on many hard marclies, and was on garrison duty most of the time. He was on de- tached duty at the fall of Ft. Blakely, on the march from Jlobile to Montgomery, and suffered greatly during this trying period, being obliged to inarcii and sleep in the rain. He contracted a clironic disease, from wliicli lie still suffers. Our subject, was discharged at Montgomery, Ala., November 27, 1865, and returned to his farm in Bond County, where he made his home until 1867. In that jear he came to tlie place wliere he now lives, in Witt Townsiiip, and here lie lias a productive and well-cultivated farm. He has ac- cumulated a snug fortune by his industry and strict adiierencc to his chosen calling, lias a comfortable and attractive home, and is surrounded by all the comforts and conveniences of life, In his politi- cal views, he supports the Democratic party, and has held a number of local positions. He was a memlier of the County Board of .Supervisors for eight years. Justice of the Peace for two terms. Assessor of his township, and for thirteen years was a ScIkioI Trustee. He is a member of Nokomis Post, (i. A. K. On the 14th of January, 18.55, our subject mar- ried Miss P. M. Lynn, who was born in P'ayette County, III., and they iiave had three children, one of whom died when a child; Albert Jefferson mar- ried Miss Sarah F. Harris, and is in liusincss at Fill- more, this State; and Mary Ronta Belle became tiie wife of R. J. Fish, a farmer of Fayette County. ^ ^ ill'^@l ^ 1^^ ESSE JIcADAMS. This name is one of the oldest and most honored in Bond Couiityi HI. It was borne by the grandfather of our subject, who was one of the very first settlers and did much for the early development of this part of the State. Our subject is the owner of over one hundred acres of fine land, and is a worthy representative of his ancestor. The name of Jesse was bestowed upon our sub- ject at the time of his birth, April 28, 1847, on this farm, that being the family name, his father and grandfather having borne it. Both the father and grandfather were natives of Kentuck}', although the latter's immediate ancestors had come to this country from Scotland and Ireland. In the new territory opened for settlement, where the Indian, wolf and deer still found a home, came the fatiiilj- of Grandfather McAdams in a great wagon, with their household effects, to settle on the tract of Government land which he had taken up, A log cabin was erected on the edge of the timber on what now is section .Tl, in this township, and in this lonely spot the pioneer life went on. Here was developed a tine farm, but under many dilli- culties. There were no road.s at that time, and often tlie Indian trails were dangerous and almost impa.ssable, but the produce had to be marketed PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 30i) atSt. Louis, a distance of four days' travel, and from this place iiad to come tlie luxuries whicli the pi<5neers seldom allowed themselves. The l)recious ''store tea," which in sickness took tlie place of sassafras or siige, was one of the coveted articles wliicli it was ditlicult to procure. Tlie rugged old man who braved so many dan- gers and paved the w.ay for the footsteps of his de- scendants, was suppcu'ted by a faith that taught him to labor and live righteously, and his reward would come in another world. A firm Presbyterian, his house w.as given to the members of that belief who had settled near enough to attend services when some missionary came into the neighborhood. In his political f;iith he was a Democrat, and the principles of that party were ever dear to him. The father of our subject had his experience of jiionecr life, as he w.as only a Imy wdien he w.as lirought into the new country to find a home. Me learned the car|ieiiter's trade, and some of the large buildings now standing in (Treenville testify to his workmanship. His amusement in youth was to shoot deer as they fled bj' his home, and never was there any scarcity of game in the house, as his musket was often used for tlie pleasure of hunting. Like his father, he grew into a man of great firm- ness of character, and altlmugli he was a peaceable citizen he insisted always on ins rights. At his death, at the age of forty-five years, he was the owner of four hundred acres of land. The mother of our subject, was IMizabeth Williamson, who was a native of Bowling (4reen, Ky., and came here with her Grandfather IMcAdams. She became tlie mother of nine children, of whom four are yet living, namely: Nancy, Catherine, Hiram and Jesse. She died when over seventy years of age, in the faith of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of which she had been a consistent member for many years. Our subject was reared on the farm and at- tended the log schoolhouse which was nearest his home, and there he learned nil that the teacher could impart. There were not many luxuries in the school buildings of that day, but upon theslab benches sat many of the lads who beeame in after years the most prominent and powerful men in the State. The loss of his father our subject did not realize, as he was only a baby of five months. At the age of fifteen years he had to gv out to bat- tle with the world by himself, and his first attempt at work was by the day. and then he began farm- ing upon the home place. On .Tunc 21, 18G8, he was united in marriage with Mi.ss Louisa Long, whiise death occurred one year later. His second marriage took place October 7, 1872, when Miss Leonora Durant became his wife. She was born in Ohio, near the city of Columbus. (_)nr subject is a man of means, owning a farm of one liundred and twenty-live acres of land, all of which is improved except six acres, wliicli he has in timber. He has been a grain farmer and has handled stock also. The present neat frame residence was built in 187!) and here he has made a great many imprf)venient,s. Loth JL-. McAdams and his wife are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church of (ireenville. In pf)lilics, he is a Pro- hibitionist, and believes that in that reformatory party lies the redemptidu of the country. The ^lodern Woodmen is the order witli wliicli he has connected himself, and in this body at Cireenville lie is regarded with much esteem. Ip^jOBERT BLACKBLRN. A history of any |ll>-^^~ ■5— "illOHN W. YOUNG. The agricultural inter- ests of Montgomery Count}' are ably repre- sented by the subject of this sketcii, a man whose life has been passed in the calling which now receives his attention. He is a native- born resident of the county, his birth occurring on the 18th of July, 1834, and has witnessed the complete growth of the country. He has ever been an active supporter of all laudable enterprises and is one of the county's best men. He is a son of William Young, who for many years was one of the esteemed and respected citizens of Mont- gomerj' County. Our subject was the second in order of birth of the children born to his parents and passed his boyhood and youth in his native county, assisting his father in cultivating the soil, thus becoming familiar with all the details of farm life at an early age. Like the majority of country boys, he received his education in the district school and remained witii his parents until twenty-one years of age. At that age he began business for him- self, but worked the farm for his father, and bought stock, traded horses, branching out as a stock-dealer. In March, 1864, he was married to Miss Mary E. Brown, a native of East Fork Town- ship, Montgomery County, and the daughter of Harrison Brown. Following his marriage, our subject located on the farm where he now lives. He is now the owner of six hundred and twenty-seven acres of land, all under cultivation except a portion which is in ])asture. On this place he has a neat resi- dence and substantial outbuildings. He has ever PORTRAIT AND BIOfTRAPHlCAL RECORD. 311 been identified with the best interests of the eoiinty, :ui(l his inlelligiMH'e, enterprise and niiiny estimable (lualities liave acquired for him u popu- larity not derived from any factitious circum- stance, but a spontaneous and iiermanent tril)nte to his merit. lie ships stock to all parts of the country, and annually sends out seventy-five car- loads of cattle, horses and hoi's. At the present time, he has ninely-Mve head of cattle and many liorses and hogs. He is the oldest stock-buyer in tiie county, and ships largely to Buffalo, St. l.ouis, Pittsburgh .and Cleveland. He slii|)s about twenty carloads of hay per year, and is one of the most thorough-going, wide-awake agriculturists of his section. His present residence, a two-story frame building, was erected in 1870, and eveivthing about the place indicates that a practiced hand is at the helm. IVIr. and Mrs. Young were the i)arents of three sons and one daughter, as follows; William H., Clement (deceased), (iertie and t)rvil B. The three surviving children are at home. Mr. Young has passed his entire life in this county, and here, surrounded by peace and iilenty, and with his children near, he will [lass the remainder of his days. He and his wife have contributed liberally to all worthy enterprises and are among the most influ- ential and respected citizens in the community. In |iolitics. he is a Democrat, and a strong sup- porter of his jiarty. He has held many public offices, among them those of Supervisor of East Fork Township and School Director. He is a member o( Donnellson Lodge No. 2.55, A. V. & A. M., and takes an active interest in that order. ^•{••{••S"!' .^^..j.^.^ '•!"5"5"{-^^'-i-**+f ^^EOROE II. MUELLER, a wealthy and well- Ill ^ — ; known farmer of R.aymond, Montgomery ^^jJll County, was born in Frankf(jrt on-the- Main, Germany, April 7, 18.'5(j. and is a son of John Frederick and Doiothea Mueller. The lat- ter 's father was a gardener, and died about a month before the birth of our subject, (ieorge is the youngest of six children, five sons and a daughter, who, with one exception, are yet living. Our suliject attended school in his native land until fourteen yeai's c)f age, and, being an ajit scholar, acquired a gcx.id education. He was then apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade, aiul served a term of three years, after which he followed that occupation for a year in his native land. In LSyf he came to America and joined his brother, .lohn Fred, who had preceded him some five years, and was living oil a farm near Belleville, 111. George worked in his eiiqilov fc>r three years, and uiKtn the expiration of that time went to St. Louis and worked at his trade in a carriage factory for some 3'ears. There we find him at the breaking out of the Civil War, but at the first call of his adopted country for troops he I'romptly responded, and on the 22(1 of .\pril, 18G1, his name was enrolled among the boys in blue of Company f!, First Missouri \'olunteer Infantry. Two days later Mr. Mueller was c<)mniissioned Sergeant of his company. He participated in the bloody battle of Wilson's Creek, where the regi- ment suffered greatly. The troops then returned to St. Louis, and were re-organized as the First Missouri .\rtillery. Mr. Mueller took part in the Fremont cami)aign through Missouri. He also [larticipated in the battle of New Madrid, the capture of Island No. 10, and was in the siege of Corinth, the battles of Perrysville, Nashville and Chickamauga, and was in Starvation Camp at Chattanooga from September 1!), 18(;.'}, until .June 10, 1864, when he was discharged, having served three years. During all this lime he was ever at his post. Never for one day was he ofl duty (lur- ing' the whole time of his service. The last year he held the ollice of (Quartermaster Sergeant. After his discharge Mr. .Mueller [irocured a [lass- port and made a visit to his native country, where he remained until the spring of LSti.j, when he once more came Uj Illinois and again worked on his brother's farm for three years. On the 22d of April, 186',), he married Miss Christina Lotlz, a German lady. Three children have lieen bcnn of their union: .lohn Fred, (ieorge Henry and Annie Maggie, agecL resi)ectivel_\', tweut\-two, twent\'- one and twenty years, all of whom are still under 312 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the parental roof. The Mueller household is tlie abode of hosiiitality, and the members of the family rank liigli in social circles. Immediately' after his marriage Mv. Mueller began farming on his own account near Carlin- ville, where he remained for one j'ear, and then he rented a farm in Zanesville, Montgomery County, where he resided until 1879, in which year he came to Raymond and purchased the fine and extensive farm on which he now resides. lie is one of the leading farmers and stock-raisers of tlie comraunit}', and has been vevy successful in his efforts, until now he is numbered among the county's most prominent and substantial citizens. In politics he was identified with the Republican party until about two years ago, wlien he joined the Democracy. He and his family arc members of the German Lutheran Church. *^DOLPHE BREUCHAUD is a dealer in grain and coal in Greenville, Bond County, and one of its leading business men. For a number of years he has been connected with its interests and the com- munity recognizes in him one of its best citizens, lie is widely known throughout the county and we feel assured tluit this record of his life will prove of interest to many of our readers. Mr. Breuchaud was born in Switzerland, March 3, 1833, and is a son of David and Mary (Cuche) Breuchaud, wlio were also natives of Switzerland. The grandfather, Samuel Breiicliaiid, was also born in that country, but iiis ancestors were of French lineage, having been driven from France on ac- count of religious persecutions. David Hreucliaud immigrated with his family to America in the year 1849, landing in New Orleans, whence he made his way up tlie river to Illinois. He located first in Higliiand, Madison County, where he engaged in farming, liaving inirciiased one iiundred and eighty acres of partially improved land, lie made his home upon that farm until 1865, then sold out and came to Bond County, and located in Greenville, where he lived retired until his death in 1888, at the age of eighty-two years. The mother died in Madison County at the age of fifty-eight 3'ears. The}- had a family of seven sons and five daughters, of whom ten are yet liv- ing. Adoli)lie Breuchaud, whose name heads this rec- ord, was highly educated in Switzerland; he also at- tended college in Germany for a year, and during vacations engaged in teaching. He was sixteen years of age when he came with his parents to America. During the first five j'ears of his ar- rival he worked at farming, and after locating in Greenville followed any occupation that he could secure, whereby he might earn an honest dollar. He also learned the trades of a carpenter, brick- la3'er and plasterer and afterward engaged in bus- iness as a contractor and builder. He was very successful in this line and often employed as many as ten men. For fourteen years he carried on business as a contractor, and many of the build- ings in this city and surrounding country stand as monuments to his handiwork and enterprise. It was in 185.5 that Mr. Breuchaud was united in marriage to Miss Rose Giron, of Switzerland, and unto them have been born four sons and a daughter, as follows: Heniy, John, Robert, Dud- ley and Ada. The family is one of prominence in this community and its members rank high in social circles. In 1870 Mr. Breuchaud began dealing in grain, and in 1880 purchased two and three-fourths acres of land bordering on the Vandalia Railroad, where he built an elevator, and then purchased another, for ^3,500, after which he spent about $1,500 in repairs. These are run by a forty-horse power engine and have a capacity of eighty thousand bushels of wheal. He is doing an excel- lent business and fiirnislios emploj'ment to four men besides his two sons. He lias built a fine of- fice on Main Street and in addition to this and liis home property owns a farm which lie rents. In politics he is a stalwart Republican, and is a meiiiherof the Plymouth Chuich. Mr. Biciicliaud is truly a self-made man. who by his own Indus- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 315 trious eftVuts ami strict attention to business lias 1 steadily worked liis waj' ni)ward to a jjosition of wealth and allhuMiee. He is a man of unswerving honesty, wliose word is as good as his bond, j and the eonfidenee of the entire eommunity is his. APT. GEORGE M. SANDERS. In the peaceful agricultural life which our suliject now leads there is little suggestion of the military deeds of merit by whii'h he earned his Captain's commission; only in the title will the stranger know that he is a veteran of the late war. ]\Ir. Sanders was liorn in Maryland, .lanuaiy IS, 1830. He was the eldest of a family of nine chil- dren born to Henry L. and Mary (Hall) Sanders. Our subject'^ father was of German ancesUw and was born in Maryland, Jlay 5, 1810. His maternal grandfather served in the War of 1812, and was also in the battle of New Orleans. His mother, Maiy Hall, was of Irish extraction. Aside from these brief facts but little is known of the early history of these families. In 1837, when our subject was a boy of but seven years, his par- ents made their way to Illinois and settled in what is now .lersey County. There young Sanders grew up much the same in his habits and the manner of rearing as other farmer lads. The in- tervals of attendance at school were Riled with farm duties and such pioneer sports as the fertile minds of the young people of that day could sug- gest. Of his brothers and sisters only three are liv- ing. They are: Samuel K., who served in the late war for three ^years, and who now lives in Cali- fornia; ,Iesse W., who gave his country one \ear's service, and who lives now at Atwater, III.; and Sarah A., who is the wife of .lolin B. Kirkland, of Litchfield. About 1850, our subject's parents with then- household effects and their children went to Mont- gomery County and located on the farm where T. T. Smith now lives, two miles southwest of the village of Walshville. There the parents died, the father February 28, 1863, and the mother .January 8, 1864, both deaths occurring while the Cai)tain was lighting for the honor of the country which his forefathers had fought to organize as a free and independent nation. It was on the aliove-nained farm in A\'alstiville that onr subject was tilling the soil when tlie war broke out. On the lirst call for troo|)s, he tendered his services, but as so many eagerly sprang forwaid in answer to the three months' call, some were rejected and he was among the number. On the second call, August 2, 18(!1, we lind his name on the roll of ('ompan_v L, of the Third Illinois Cavalry, Col. E. A. Carr's regiment, and was at once made (Quartermaster- Sergeant, and in Octiiber, 18(12, was promoted to the ollice of Orderly-Sergeant. Later, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant and in June, 1M63, he was ailvanced to First Lieutenant, and in May, 18()5, he was [iromoted to the rank of Ca|)- tain of his company. Capt. Sanders was with ('en. Fremont in the Soutiiwcst in the fall of 1801, and with Gen. Curtis' army at Pea Ridge in Jlarch, 18(12. He was detached from his regiment with part of his company in Central Missouri from .luiy to ()ct()- lier, 1802. .and with the command of Col. S. H. Boyd was eng.aged in scouting with (ien. Sher- man's army in his attack on and defeat of Hayes Bluff in the rear of Vicksburg. In January, 1803, he w.as detailed in his coinpan\' as escort foi- Head- quarters, Thirteenth Army Cor[is, where he re- mained through the siege and capture of Vicks- burg and Jackson, Miss., and the battles of Champ- ion Hills and Black River Bridge. He was with Gen. Banks' army in Louisiana fiom Ociolier, 180.S, to January, 1804, and at Memphis, Tcnn., when (4en. Forrest made his memorable raid. After going with his command to Ft. Snelling in the Northwest and from tliere on the Devil's Lake ex- pedition in Dakota, he vyas finally discharged, October 1(1, 18(!5, after having served his country with markeil distinction for more than four years. August 13, 1803, while home on a leave of absence from the army, onr subject was married to Miss Eveline Maryman, who was a native of this State. Of the seven children born of this union six are now living. Marcia A. died when two 316 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. years of age; Nora B. is engaged in the millinery business at Salein, 111.; William Clialmers is a grad- uate of tiie .Jacksonville Business College and is now a book-keeper in the Deaf and Dumb Insti- tute of tiiat place; Mary A. is a teacher in the public school of Sorento and also teaches music, being a fine performer; Clara A., Rufus H. and Eunice E are now being educated in the Sorento schools. For twenty years after the war, Capt. Sanders was book-keeper for a large flouring mill in Car- lyle, this State. He came to Sorento in 1886, and here has a very pleasant home. He owns a farm of about one hundred and eighty-seven acres in Clinton County. Politically, he was reared an Abolitionist and is now a strong Republican. Na- tuially, he is greatly interested in the Grand Army of the Republic. In church relations, he is an exemplary Baptist and is a life member of the American Baptist Publication Society, which has headquarteis at Philadelphia. Throughout his life, he has been an advocate of temperance principles, which he su|)|)orts botli by example and precept. ^^ (^ a^ <•• 3^^3J^ ••• . Ml . '■fi ^ / A. BLACK, M. D. The gentleman whose I sketch now claims ouratlention is one of the I most successful [ihysicians of the county, ' where he has lived and labored for so many years. The birth ., .lolin II., Julia (i., Frank B. and Emilia M. I)i-. Black is a Kepulilican in his |iolitieal opin- ions, and lielieves in expressing ilieni whenever he thinks he can acconiplish good by so doing. Ileh.as been As.sessor of Pleasant Mound Township and is School Treasurer of the same, and also a valued member of Colby Post No. 301, (i. A. R., at Greenville. 111. LPIIKUS C. JORDAN. Ilarvel Township, Montgomery County, is favorably located in the midst of a wondcifuUy fertih> tract, <^j that yields a rich return tor tlie attention given it by industrious farmers. A drive through this townsiiip will show that all of its inlialiitants are well-to-do, if not wealthy. Our subject is one of the fortunate possessors of a line farm located in this section, his farm being on section (i, and it is conspiciKiUs for the imiirf)vements that are found upon it. Mr. Jordan is a native of Trumluill County, Ohio, and was born January 1(1, Its II, a son of William and Catherine (Rnmmcl) Jordan. The former was a native of the (Quaker State and the latter came from Maryland. In the fall of 1814, our subject's parents emigrated to Greene Count\ , III., fnun ()liio. The country was comparatively wild at that time and the advantages were very few. There was a large family of children to be reared and educated, wlio. at the same time, had to contribute tlieir quota to the common family suppt)rt. Of these but five are living at the pres- ent time. The children were: William F., de- ceased; Mrs. Angelica Robley, a widow; Cyrus, a resident of Montgomery County; Lewis W.,also of Montgomery; Catherine E., who is the widow of H. A. Collier, a resident of Parsons, Kan.: and our subject. In 1853, Alplieus Jordan moved to Macoupin County in company with his parents, and in 1854 they removed to Montgomery County and settled in Harvel Township, on section 8, and were the first settlers there. The nearest dwelling to them was four miles distant. Tlieir home was made on the unlirokeii prairie, and one of the brothers of our subject turned the first furrow on the farm. Alplieus was then but fourteen 3-ears old, though his training before that time had been amid [lio- iieer scenes, and as the years were passeil he was made to feel the responsibility of a pioneer's life, and to know that upon him as well as others rested the making of the country. Ills school da3's were passed in the district schools of the vi- cinity and his advantages were limited. Perhaps his war experience g.-ive him .as much of a stimulus as anything else for a moie extended knowledge. Mr. Jordan enlisted in Company I), of the Thir- ty-third Illinois Infantry, in August of 18()1, and with his regiment was detailed to duty in the army of the Southwest. He was a particiiiant in tlie bat- tles of Fredericktown, Mo., and Chamiiion Iliils and was :it the siege of \'ickslHirg. In the last-named tight he was twice slightly wounded. He also fought in minor engagements, and after this hoii- oralile service was discharged, August 2(j. 1861. After leaving the army tuir subject returned to Montgomery County. He felt that the making of his domestic life was before him, and with this end in view besought Miss Marcia C. Creswell to be- come his wife, and they were married August 6, 1874. The lad\' is a native of the Prairie State. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan are the jiarenls of eight chil- dren, whose names are, Alplieus C., Jr., Robert P., F^tliel D., Alice C., Frederick, Blanche F., (irace and Lula Inne. They are a small commuiiity in themselves and their difference in disposition and temperament makes a pleasing social life. Our subject owns one hundred and sixty acres of land, which is all under a high state of cultiva- tion. Politically, he pins his faith to the garnu'iit of no party, being thoroughly independent in his ideas lioth of government and governors. Educa- tional matters that tend toward advancement in methods have always received his lieaity endorse- ment when the ado(»tion of the new offered any ad- 318 PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. vantage over the old methods. Mr. Jordan was honored during the year 1870 by being elected as Supervisor of llarvel Township. During the time that he held this office, he discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He is identified witii the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Asso- ciation. Z' A=;->E=+ \1/ OUN WOI/OIANX. There is in the devel- oijment of a successful life a principle which is a lesson to every man, a lesson leading to higher and more honoralile positions than the ordinary. Let a man be industriously ambi- tious, and honorable in his ambitions, and he will rise, whether having the prestige of family or the ob- scurity of poverty. These reflections are called forth by the study of the life of .John Woltmann, who is one of the most enterin'isingand prosjierons merchants of Nokomis. Mr. Woltmann is a German by birth and educa- tion, and was born at Norden, on the North Sea, August 27, 1858. .\ltliough young in years, he has accumulated considerable property-, and not only is he a very successful business man, I)ut one whose career has ever been upright and honorable. His father, Arnedt Woltmann, for nearly- thirty 3-ears a miller in the Fatherland, was a man of ex- cellent judgment and great honesty. Our subject inherited much of his enterprise and industry from his father, and early in life became desirous of get- ting a liberal education. When ten years old he was possessed of more zeal than the majoritj^ of boys at that age, and was inclined to spend too much time with his books. In 1868, he came with his ])arents to the New World and settled with them at Nokomis, 111., where he pursued his studies closely' and with much earnestness, his aim being to become a preacher in the Lutheran Chuich, of which he and his parents were adherents. At the age of nineteen years, young Woltmann was delving in the classics in Concordia University, Springfield. He continued there for two years, when his health failed, and he was compelled to give up his studies and the cherished plan of be- coming a minister. He tried teaching the German language in the jinblic schools for a lime, as well as instructing a private cl.ass, but this proved too trying upon his weak constitution and was aban- doned. Afterward he began clerking in the store of Charles Auwater, of Nokomis, but he was not long contented with a clerkship, and early in 1882 he established himself in the grocery business on a small scale. From the start his business prospered, until now he is the head of one of the leading general stores in the thriving town of Nokomis. For three successive years Mr. Woltmann was a member of the Town Board and has held other local positions. In all these he has discharged the duties in a very satisfactory manner and is compe- tent to fill almost any position. In politics, he is a strong supporter of Democratic principles, and his vote has ever been cast with that party. He is an exemplary member of the Lutheran Church, a liberal contriliutor to its interests, and an earnest advocate of all good work. In him the community luas a faithful and unswerving friend, ever alert to serve its best interests, and one who can be relied upon at all times. He is a man of more than the ordinary intelligence, and is a representative citi- zen of the county. He was married in the fall of 1884 to Miss Minnie N.antkes, the daughter of a prominent and wealthy farmer, and they have two children, Arnold and Jesse. § °'-S]"<"T^G A. SIIILKR, M. D. Probably no physician in the vicinity of Litchfield is more thor- ^^^l^ oughly equipped for his profession than is the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. His studies have been widely extended, .and prosecuted under exceptional advantages. He asks no odds of ancestors, rank or position to lend color to his ability in his chosen profession. The writer, aside from the knowledge of his professional skill, knows but the barest facts concerning his career. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIUCAL RECORD. 319 Dr. Sillier was boin at Simeoc, Ontario, May 28, 18(52. He was educated at Colejiate Institute at Simcoe, and distinguished himself in such a man- ner as to eiK-ourage him to enter the j)rofessional life that he has chosen. He ))roseeuted his med- ical studies at ISIagill Jledical rniversity, receiving his sheepskin with the Class of '83. After com- pleting his studies, he spent one j'car in Germany, and there had access to the laboratories of the special scientists. Thus eipiipped, and with an ex- tended kn<.)wledgc of pathological and biological subjects, he has settled in the midst of the Litch- field community, ready to alleviate such human suffering as should present itself to his attention. ^1 H> .h|^|«N-^ APT. MICHAEL OIH.IMAN. This in brief 11 „ is the sketch of a man whose present sub- ^!^' stantial position in life has been reached entirely through his own [lersevcrance, and tlu; facts connected with his operations and their re- sults only show- what a person with courage and enlightened views can accom|ilish. His re|)utation for honesty and integi'ity has licen tried and not found wanting; his financial aliility has been more than once i)ut to the test, liut never without credit to himself; his social qualities are well known and appreciated, and he has hosts of friends, whose confidence and esteem arc his highest eulogium. He is a wealthy fanner of Audul)on Township, Montgomery Count\', and is an important factor in Third Party politics. Horn in Strausberg (then in the domain of France but now in the (lernian cmi)ire) in September, 1822, our subject is a son of Michael and (iertrude Olil- man, with whom he emigrated to America in 1832. They landed at Baltimore, Md., and as the little means the father had accumulated had been used in the journey to this country, he was at (_ince compelled to look about him for employment. Soon afterward, he and his son. the subject of this sketch, who was then a lad of ten years, obtained work at breaking stone for the paving of the streets in Wasliington, D. C. In this way, they saved a small amount of money, and, being anxious to reach the West, purchased a [loor old brokeii-ilown stage horse and a rickety old wagon, into which all their earthly possessions were loaded, and started out on their Westward journey. At Wheeling. W. Va., their horse died and other means of travel had to be found. They built a tlatboat, in which they loaded their goods, and after many hardships .'iiid trials reached Cairo, where they stayed for a short time, but eventually they removed to St. Louis, where the futlier and VdUiig Michael laliored until 1838. By this time, they had accumulated consider- able means, and with it ]\Ir. ()hlman pui-<'hased a large tract of land in Missouri, on whicli Michael labored cheerfully and faithfully until he was seventeen years of age, when he began working (in flatboats on the Mississippi iiiver. At the end of two years, he commenced to work n .account of its doubtful nature, was a lisky calling and a propositi(jn was made to sell it to the (Tovernment, which was acce|ited. ("apt. (Jhlman then came to Mimtgomery County and made large investments of his fdrtune in land, and here he h.as ([uietly lived ever since. He ha.s one of the finest farms in this section of the coun- 320 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. try. His estate comprises about eight hundred acres, and upon it he has a beautiful mansion, from which a fine view of the country can be had for many miles around. Mr. Ohlman has not been ac- tively engaged in farming for many years, hut has placed the management of his magnificent estate in the hands of his sons, while he looks after the finances. He was reared a Democrat, but some three _years ago cast his lot with the Third or People's Party, and has devoted much of his time and money in furthering the interests of what he believes to be the coming great party. He attends all of the conventions of his party, and his voice is often heard in its councils. Starting in life with little or no education, he has been a close student and but few men in his locality are more thought- ful readers or better posted on the general topics of the day than is he. C'apt. Ohlman was married in 1859 to Miss Theresa Buebach, who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, of German parents. Their union resulted in the birth of nine children, six of whom are liv- ing: Cecil, who is the wife of Alfred Wyand, of Pana, 111.; William, who is a graduate of the St. Louis University, also of Notre Dame of South Bend, Ind.; Ida, who is the wife of Joseph W. AVild, the talented newspaper editor of Nokomis; Alexander and James, who are in charge of the farming and stock-raising interests of their fa- ther's large estate; Lizzie, an intelligent young lady, is now receiving her education. c^p^IIEODORE ROGERS, Ju.. is a native of the county and State in which he has found a perriiaiu-nt home. In Pitman Townshi|i, Montgomery' County, he owns one hundred and twenty acres of fine farming land on section 15. Upon this place he resides, devoting his attention to the cultivation fif the soil and the propei- im- provement of the farm. Mr. Rogers was born in Montgomery County, 111., December 13, 1848. He is a son of Hardin and Martha (Hamilton) Rogers, both of whom weie natives of the State of Kentucky. Hardin Rogers came to Montgomerj- County, and at an early day settled in what is now known as Pitman Township. His judgment told him that the best place on which to locate would be upon the edge of some timber land, for in such a location there would always be water, and the scarcity of that article was one of the most distressing features in pioneer life in the Prairie State. The family home was in the wilderness hi a cabin made of logs, and there the children were reared, meanwhile endur- ing all the privations incident to life in a newly- settled country. The surviving children of this family are as fol- lows: Anthony; LaFayette; Lucinda, the widow of Millard Wood; and Theodore. In spite of the difficulties of their early lives, these children be- came honored members of society and performed the duties required of them in as efficient a man- ner as do many of those who have had more ad- vantages and fewer obstacles to struggle against. The lieloved father of this family, Hardin Rogers, was removed liy death when our subject was only five years old. He was one of the most respected of the early settlers of the township and his death was deeply lamented by his famil}' and neighbors. The mother of our subject is now in her seventy- eighth year and is living on the same farm to which she came with her husband in those early days. Although dejirived of his assistance and companionshi[), she has managed the estate with good judgment and has reared her family in com- fort. She is one of the venerable pioneer women of the State and her reminiscences of those early days are both interesting and instructive. She is a faithful member of the Christiiui Church. Theodore Rogers, our subject, is a young and enterprising man, one of the foremost in his sec- tion of country. He keeps himself well jwisted on all pulijic alt'nirs and votes with the great Republi- can party, which he regards as the friend of the manufacturer, the consumer and the laborer alike. His early educatiomd advantages were very lim- ited, .although lie embraced every opportunity that came in his way to acquire kiu)wledge, Mont- PORTRAIT A'SD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 321 gomery County lias become noted tliroiighout the State for its fine fuims and solid, successful linsi- ness men, and among the latter the majority have made themselves what they are, and Mr. Rogers is no exception to the rule, as he can regard witli pardonable i>ride tlie success which has attended his efforts. His one hundred and twenty acres show the result of intelligent cultivation, and his large barnyard, filled with sleek, well-fed cattle, testifies to his prosperity, while fences and neat outbuildings, which are kept in good repair, indi- cate that he is a man who believes that nothing adds to the prositeious look of a farm likeaproiier regard for appearance. >^^<^ M. IirLHKRT * .lOSKl'lI W. WILD. The history of a newspai)er reminds one of the ^/ ajipearance of an actor on the stage. What- ever may be the individual joy or grief, the cause thereof must be sujipressed. Death may be lurk- ing in the home of the vivacious comedian, but the audience demand smiles and jests in return for their money. The personality of the editor ap- ))ears but little in the sheet, though there is the under-current of influence that individualizes the paper. What would the Globe-Democrat have been without (!rady, the Tribune witlnnit (ireeley, the Courier-Journal witho\it AVatterson.' So the individuality of the i^roprietors is shown in the sheet, the history of which we shall touch u|)on lightly. The Free Fn-ss was born, so to speak, in Jnl_y, 1878. It was originally a small advertising sheet, but not long after was enlarged and tlung to the breeze as a [lopnlar news|)aper educator, and an advocate of the Democratic i)riuciples. The Fress was the first to appear l)efore the public. Its edi- tor, Mr. Hulbert, later purchased the >sokomis Gazette, which had been established some eight years previously, and consolidated the two under the name of tlie Free Fress Gazette, and the whole w.as launched on the sea of independent politics, and as such has since been conducted. In 1880, Mr. Hulbert, who is a far-sighted news- paper man, realizing that there w.as a large and continually growing population of (ierinan-rcad- ing people in his locality, started a (4crman sheet with thesuggestive nameof the Deutsch Anierika.ner. The fortunes of these |)apers are .so closely united with the history of its editors that we here give a brief biographical sketch fif e.ach. E. JI. Hulbert of the firm of Hulbert .V Wild, the wide-awake editor and publishers of the Free Fress G((zeUe and Deutsdi Aineril.dner, was liorii at Pitts- field, Pike County, HI.. .Inly 22, 1 S.'iS. He is the onl_y son of W. M. and Laura (Tooley) Hulbert. His father is a native of the old liay State, having been born near lioston. lie was one of the early settlers in Pike County, having located there more than forty j'ears ago. Eor many years he was en- gaged largely in the manufacture of Ijrick, and at this writing (1892) is living near Nokomis, where he owns a farm. He came to this ctninty about 18(;4. Mr. IInll)crt"s mother w.as a native of New York, who [)assed from this life when our subject was a lad of nine years of age. His father con- tr.acted a second marriage and young Hulbert grew up on the home farm much as do other farmer boys, receiving a fair education in the pub- lic schools of Noniokis. Early in his boyhood days our sul)ject displayed a great taste for the printing business, and when liut thirteen years of age became possessed of a toy press, which he kept in his sleeping room at home. His love for tlie business grew with him, and at eighteen he enterprisingly established the Nokomis Free Fress, which was received .as has been above stated. Upon the establishment of the Deutsrh Amerihiuer he associated with himself .Joseph W. Wild, a thorough (Tcrnian .scholar, and then it was that he purchased and brought to No- komis the first power press ever used in Montgom- ery County, and the new addition (iroved to be a winning card in his fast-increasing business. Some eight years later he disposed of a half-interest in the entire plant to Mr. Wild, and at the .same time the firm took up, in addition to their news|)ai)er business, the real-estate and insurance busines.'<, which they have carried on with marked finan- cial success. 322 POI^TRAIT AND BIO(JRAril]CAL RECORD. Ml'. Iluliicrt is in every sense of tlie word a thorough business man, wiiich has been attested by the growth of his incipient boyhood love of printing into liis present largo interests. Aside from his newspaper, real-estate and insurance bus- inesses, he is one of the Directors in tiie Nokomis Building & Loan Association. Socially, he is gen- ial and affable, but he appears to the best advan- tage when on his own ground, that of a business man. In 1878, Mr. Hulbert married Miss May L. Wet- more now a native of Madison County, and daughter of R. E. Wetmore, a prominent farmer in South Dakota. The home circle of our subject m- includes three bright children, vvhose names are as follows: Winifred, Walter R. and Gertrude. Fra- ternall^v, Mr. Hulbert is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows and is also a Knight of Pvthias. ^m -^..j.^.^ .{..j.^^^^ .{.^^^F A^^.{.j- 'jy/OSEPIIW. WILD, the associate editor of the Free Press Gazette and DnUscli Ameri- kaiier, was born near Bayfield, in Huron County, Ontario, Canada, on the (Jth of March, 1856. He is the elder of the two chil- dren born to Josepli and Crcscentia (Vogt) Wild, both of wliom were born in Germany, the former in Baden and the latter in Wuertenberg. During the revolt in 1818, while still in his native land, our subject's father identified himself with the Revolutionists, and like many others of his countrymen found that America was a genial country in which to take refuge, and in 1848 he located on a farm in Huron County, Ontario, where he still lives. Our subject was but three years of age when be- icft of his mother. His baby sister, one 3ear younger, is now the wife of Herman Kaupp, of .St. Louis. His father again married and reared an additional faniih' of thiee boys and eight girls. Young Wild grew up on his father's farm, receiv- ing a very fair education until sixteen yeais of age. lie was then seized with the desire to learn the printer's trade and finally got his father's con- sent to enter the office of the Berliner Journal in Berlin, Canada, the same being owned and edited by an uncle, John Motz. Willi his uncle as preceptor, Mr. Wild mastered the art of printing, and remained in the Journal office until 1879, when he determined to seek fame and fortune in the United States, so turned his steps Westward. He worked for a time in a news- paper office in Detroit, thence went to St. Louis, where he was employed in a job office until he came to Nokomis, in the spring of 1881, to take charge of the editorial department of the Deutsch Amerikaner, which had a short time previously been established by his present partner. As above stated, he became a partner eight years later. Mr. Wild is a very energetic business man and has done his full siiaie in making the large newspaper the success that it is, and also in conducting the real-estate and insurance business of the firm. Personally, he is a whole-souled man, hale-fellow- well-niet with the best of all classes of people, and a general favorite with everyone in his locality. September 14, 1886, Mr. Wild was united in mairiage with Miss Ida M., daughter of a wealthy and retired steamboat captain, Michael Ohlman. Two bright children have been the result of this union, Olivia T. and Ionia E. Our subject was born and reared, and is a strong adherent of, the Roman Catholic faith. He is one of the charter members of the Catholic Knights of Illinois, a Catholic organization of Nokomis. ilLLIAM SIDES. Although the develop- Ijl ment of the Northern twin Carolina has been so comparatively slow that its na- tives have seemed to merit the nickname, "The Tar Heels," facetiously given them during the war of the Rebellion by a witty native of Massachu- setts, still during the last decade the rich mineral sub-stiHtas have called attention t() the Slate, and rja^yyxJZ^ xj^ PORTRAIT AND BlOGRArillCAL RECORD. 325 have added wonderfully U) its enterprise and orowtli. It is a niystieal, iieaiitiful land, whose Kastern shore is washed by t.lie hlue Atlantic, tlio Western lioundaiy lined with mountains wiiosc pine-elad domes are wreathed in tiie lou-hangini^' clouds. Happy are the conditions of life in such a land, happy the man who is horn there, and this was the native State (if our sut)ject, William Sides. In 1817, occurred the birth of our subject. His parents were ^lalhias and Sarali (Boss) Sides, the former lieing a farmer and cooper. When our \dung' hero was but a. sturdy lad of four years, his parents determined to remove to Illinois, and lo- cated fin a farm near the city of Nokomis, in Mont- gomery ('ounty. Like so many of the men who form the lirawn and sinew of our natitnial life, voung Sides grew up in rur.al life. He received but a cfimmon-sehool education, but sui'li as it was, it tended in the right direction — to devt'lop his natural fibre. On the breaking out of the Civil War, the sub- ject of our sketch was a youth full of lire and pa- triotism. Although his [larents strongly objected to his leaving home with military intent, his heart was on the battlefield, and in im.agination he was the hero of many a battle. He yielded to parental ;\utliority for some time, but when the State's neces- sity was felt, and call afti'r call came for volun- teers, lie could no longer brook delay, and took the case into his own hands and ran away from home, ^lav 22, 18(51, we find him enrolled in (.'ompan\' (', of the One Hundred and Forty-third Illinois Infantry, and he was mustered in as a jirivate at Mattoon, whence the company with which he was was sent to Cairo, this State, thence to JMemi)his, Tenn. While in the last-named city, Mr. Sides was detailed to do guai'd duty for a time. He was then sent to Helena, Ark., where he remained until his time exi)ired, and he was mustered out of service at Mattoon. September 2(1. ixdl. Although our subject's military service extended over only four months, sucli was the exposure and jirivation to which he was subjected that hishealtli was shattered, and for a time his life hung liy a slender thread. ( )n iccuperating he I'ligagcd in farming until ISK.s. when he sold his agricnlt ur.il interests ami came to Nokomis, where he has >ince 15 engaged in the general mercantile business, and is at the present time a i)rominent merchant in this city. Mr. Sides was united in marriage in the vear 187(i, at whit'h time Miss .\lice Wells became his wife. i\Irs. Sides is a native of the ISuck- evo State, ani >'" ^ w » f^f^'i AMKS K. Will rWORTH. The head of the very extensive mercantile house of J. F. Whitwoitli it Comi)any at Sorento, and one ' of the prominent merchants in that place, was born at Mulberr\' (irove, Roiid County, this State, December 18, 18r)(). He was the sixth in oriler of birth nf a family of nine childieu that were at the same time the comfort and care of their fond parents, Marcus L. and .lane (White) Wliitworth. Marcus L. Wliitworth was born near Nashville, Tenn., December 12, 1)^22, and w;is the second of a family of ten chihlrcn, I'tuir boys and six girls. The aiu^ostry of lh(^ Wliitworth family can easily be traced back in the history of the country for more than twocenturics. ( ireat-grandfathcr Wliit- worth emigrated with a brother from Lancaster, ICiigland.the place of their nativity, and first settled in Maryland, but sdon moved to Tt'iinessee and located land not far from Nashville, There .lohn Wliitworth. the father of M:irciis jj., was born, grew to manhood, and was an extciisi \i' land and slave owner. The old homestead where .lohii Wliitworth 326 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. first settled, and where John, Jr., was born and died, is still in the Whitworth family. Our subject belongs to a family the members of wliieh l(irin a brilliant galaxy of social and (inancial lights. The surviving members who still reside in tiie South are men of large wealth and prominence. The father of our subject was reared on the home plantation, and there received a liberal education. P^or many years he was a slave- holder, but whether from dislike of the institution of slavery or not, we cannot tell, he left his native State and came to Illinois in 184G. Marcus L. spent some time in White County, where he became acquainted with Jane 'White, the sixteen-year-old daughter of William and Nancj' White, prominent and wealth}' farmers of that county. The following 3'ear they were married, the groom taking his young bride to Nashville, where they resided until 18,54, when they returned to White County. The following year they Icicated near Mulberry Grove, where they purcliascd and improved a farm, and where the father died in February of 1880. Brielly we have given an outline of the ante- cedents of the man whose history is the basis of this sketch. That of his lirothers .and sisters is very briefly as follows; Sarah is the widow of Henry Parrott, who died in 1889; Martha is the wife of Edward Moss, a farmer in Arkans.as; Marcus L., Jr., is a farmer in Bond County; IMary is the wife of William N. Antiiony, also a farmer in Bond County; Florence is the wife of Walter W. Mitchell, the junior member of the firm of which our subject is the head. The original of our sketch grew to maturity on the home f;irm and received a fair education. He must have made rapid strides in his boyhood days, for at the age of fifteen years we find him teaching school, and at the age of eighteen a student at the Shurtleff College of Upper Alton. After comi)leting his education he went, to Kansas and was success- I'ullv eng.aged in stock business for two years. He then returned to Illinois and was for twoyearsen- gaged in farming, and afterward he established him- self in the mercantile business in Sorento, where he lias built up one of the largest mercantile houses in Bond Count}-, Success has seemed to force itself upon our subject, for wliile he is a business man of more than ordinary' ability, his advancement has been most marked among other positions of trust that he has held. He is now the Mayor of the town, and is ever active in the upbuilding of the place. Mr Wiiitwortli was mariied in August of 1887 to Miss Annie (Saathoff), daughter of Henry S.aathoflf, a wealthy German-American who now lives near Sorento. They have two children: Delia, a bright girl of four summers, and George J., who is two years of age. ^^ >5; OSEPH IMcKINNEY. We take pleasure in l)resenting to tlie readers of this volume a history in outline of the gentleman whose name appears above, and who was for years a in'ominent and much-esteemed resident of Ilarvel Township, ISIontgomery County. Mr. ^IcKinnej' was a native of that good old South- ern .State which has produced so many noted men among statesmen and orators. He was born in Virginia, October 10, 1815. Mr. McKinney came to Illinois among the ear- liest settlers that were here. Jt is doubtful, how- ever, whether he did, at that early day, much pio- neer work, for he was liut a little chap of four years of age when he came here with his parents, they having made the journey hither with horses and wagon. He was soon, however, inducted into the mysteries and methods of pioneer agricultural life. They settled first in Jersey Count}-, and there our subject grew to manhood. He was true to his calling, and dcvc.ited himself to that through- out a long and useful life. While still a residentof .Jersey County, the origi- nal of this sketch married Nancy Thornton. This union was productive of four children, three of whom still survive. They ai'c: .James. John and Cliarlotte. In the fall (.)f 1 87 1. the faiiuly moved to Montgomery County, and settled upon the farm that they still occupy. Bereft of his first, wife, he PORTEAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 327 contracted a second marriage, which was solem- iiize(] in Marcii. 1801. Ili.s bride was Miss Eliza- htth A. Pettit, a native of J5urlington County, N. J., wliere she was jioin .laiuuuy 2, 1835. She was a daughter of .loseiili and Sarah Pettit, also natives of Xew Jersey. From tliis marriage seven children were born. Their names are: .Tosepli F., George D., Rosetta, Lizzie S., Mary M.. William II. and Zeddie R. jMr. McKinney departed Ihis life February 5, 1881, having almost completed the tlu-ee-seore years and ten generally allotted t,o man. He was greatly respected by all who knew him, having led an upright, honorable .'ind useful life. His estate comiirised eighty acres of land, up ^^'^^ ^J*LB ^V ^ x^ .ANGRATZ BOLL, ex-Postmaster of Green- ville, who is now living retired, is one of the worthy citizens that (iermanv has fur- nished Bond ('ount\. He was born in Ba- den, M.ay 10, 182(), and is a son of .lohn and Lib- erata (Weigerly) Holl, aljo natives of Germany, where the father was an extensive farmer. Our subject was one of live children, and tlie onl_\' one who grew to maturity. He was highly educated in his native land,lioth in literary studies .■md In music. He followed farming until I8;')J, when he bade good-bye to the scenes of his child- JHiod and crossed the Atlantic. He had been pre- viously married on the 2Uh of August, 18iy, to Miss Veronica Jehle, and unto them were born three cliildren, iMnma, William and August, with whom they started to America, but the last-named, a lialii^ of eighteen months, died while en route, and vv;is buried in the sea. They reached New York October 2!(, 1851, and at (uice started for St. l,ouis. AVhile on the way the trunks, valued at !S3(MI, wei'c lost, and no settlement was ever made for them. After two weeks spent in St. Louis, Mv. Boll lo- cated in Highland, III., where he engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes for three months. He then removed to I'ocahontas, where he re- mained for three years. While tliere he worked at his trade for a year, after which he taught music and (ierman, and was also engaged in farm- ing. The year 1857 witnt'ssed his arrival in (ireenville, where he accepted a |)osition with Col. Reed, a nianufactiu'cr of boots and shoes, with whom he remained a trusted employe for eight ■\-ears, and, during the ('olonel's absence in the army, was f(U'eman m the business. In 1866, he purchased a stock of boots and shoes, and also car- ried on boot and shoe making until the 17th of Se|)tember, 1870. when he was appointed Post- master of (ireenville by President Grant. He filled the otlice acceptably for almost twelve years, and resigned on the 14th of I'\'bruary, 1882. LTnto Ml', and ^Irs. l^.oll have Iteen born live children, of whom I'jnina, is the eldest; Julia is wife of Fi'ank Heger. formerly Cashier in Hoile's Bank, Init now head book-keeper in a bank in Denver, Colo.; Ivannie married Theodore Roth, a merchant of Smithl)orough, and died IMay 9, 181)2; August, connected with the St. Louis Hi'iiuhlii': and William, one of the pi-oprietors of the Sun, pulilishcd ill l>eil ( )ak, Montgomery County, Iowa. In coniiectioii with Charles Clark, the latter also founded the Stui. of (ireenville. ( )ii retiring from oltice, Mr. I5oll, with his wifr, made n trip to J'hirope. Tlie3' spent six months in tr.'ivfl, \'isiting the principal cities and points in the Old World, and during their alisence Mr, lioU was a eoriespoiident of the Greenville iSui). He has also been a correspiuident of a St. Louis paper. Ill politics, he is a I )emocr.'it, while in religiiuis faith both he and Ins wife are members of tfie Ho- 32S PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRAI'HICAL RECORD. man Catholic Churcli, in wliieli he serves as organ- ist. They have a beautiful home on Harris Ave- nue. Mr. I'kiU also owns several residences and a business house in this city, lie is a man t>f ster- ling worth and strict integrity, alike true to every public and private trust. He has been the arciii- teet of his own fortune, and has built wisely and well, gaining for himself a handsome competence, which places him among the substantial citizens of the community. frr •!-^•^3=^. ;OHN J. SUTTON, Justice of the Peace and I one of the re})resentative and highly' re- I spected citizens of Oreenville, was born in _ ' the city of ISrotherly Love, on the 16th of April, 1832. The family is of English origin. The grandparents, Edmund and Jane (Kichardson) Sutton, came to America in 1820, and located in Pennsylv.mia. Tlie grandfather was a farmer, but in later years lived a retired life, making his home in the city of Philadelphia. Himself and wife were membei's of the Society of Friends. Tiiey had a family of eleven children, nine of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, Robert Sutton, father of our subject, was born in England, and came with his parents to this country. He resided first in Philadelphia, ami married Hannah Stockdale, daughter of John Stock- dale, a farmer and stock dealer, who spent his en- tire life in his native hind. His family numbered twelve children. jMrs. Sutton crossed the briny deep in 1818. After their marriage they located on a f;uiii in Philadelphia County, where the father of our subject carried on agricultural pursuits for a period of live years. He then removed to Bucks County, where he followed farming until 1840, which year witnessed his arrival in St. Louis County, IMo. He fhere followed his chosen occu- jjation until lis IT), when he becaiiK; a resident of Clinton County, 111., and there he remained until his death, which occurred in 187:3, His wife sur- vived him several years and was called to the home beyond in 1882. He was a Reiuiblican in i)olitics, aii*V 1892, was one of the old settlers of Bond \y County, and resided on section 3, Mulberry ''^^Grove Township. He was one of the most prominent farmers of the county, .ind has had a life full of interest. Our subject was born in Henry County, Ky., Sep- ^y^^C lro- fe.-siun, including all the most improved apparatus and materials, and all his dealings are character- ized by fair and honorable methods. Our suhjcct was horn in Knox County, hid., March 2. ISOI, the son of Col. .lolin H. K. and I'.ar- bara ( Bronillette) Sprinkle, whose ancestors became residents of this country during the early Coloninl times, but history is a little vague as to the exact time that they came, or where they came from. It is, however, knuwn that Henry Sprinkle, the grandfather, was born near Hagerstown, Wasiiing- toii County, Md., in 1757, and in 1807 was mar- ried to Elizabeth Ernst. He was the owner of a large plantation and became an extensive slave- holder. He lived tci the ripe old age of ninety years, dying in 1851. Col. Sprinkle, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Wythe County, A'a., in 1822, and in 1815 went to Knox County, Ind., to take up his residence on land purchased liy his father from the Shakers in IS;!5. He became a very lirominent and wealthy farmer in that section of country. He was a life-long Democrat, and under the aibninistration of President linchanan held an appointment in the United States Land Odice, and later was Disbursing Agent under the same President, as well as a United States Marshal. Ib- is now living retired in Vincennes, Ind. He was married to iMiss Barbara, a daughter of Capt. Pierre lirouillette, a prominent and early French settler and a great admirer of Gen. Harrison. 'Fhe mother was born in \'inccnnes, Ind., in 1821. and died in 18!l0, at the old home. A brother of our subject. Welcome B., is a [irominent [ihysician of ()aktowii, Ind. It was on his father's farm that Dr. Sprinkle first saw the light of da\', and there his early life was spent in attending the imblic schools. At the age of seventeen he entered the High School of Dayton, Ohio, from which he was graduated three years later with honors. Our subject then began the study of dentistry under Dr. T. B. .lirard. of N'iiicennes, Ind., aud in 1.S82 became princijial demonstrator at the New York College of Dental Surgery, from which ho was graduated in 1881. In |SS5, he was graduated from the Indiana Dental College, and soon after- ward began practicing his chosen profession at Carlisle, Ind., imt at the expiratidu of one year came to Nokomis, reaching this city in the month of March, 188(i. He is a iiost-graduate of the Dental Association of the United States, is a mem- ber in good standing of the Illinois State Dental Association,. as well as of the Dental Protective Asso- ciation of the United States. He li;is lieeu success- ful in his practice, and has a line suite (.if rooms, which are fitted up in a tasteful and elegant man- ner. An etiucated and polished gentleman, h(^ is a general favorite in social and prt)fessional circles and is an enterprising citizen, of whom the people 332 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of Nokomis may well feel proud. His local prac- tice is vei\y large, as is also his practice from ad- joining counties, and he is considered to be one of the most popular of dental practitioners. ^ S. UPSTONR. For a mimber of years past the city of Nokomis has been noted far and -jftj wide for its excellent mercantile establish- ments, and particularly that conducted bj^ Mr. Up- stone, who is one of the first-class business men of the place. In his active career through life he has gained to an unlimited extent the confidence and esteem alwa^ys awarded integrity, honor and in- dustry, and is now one of the foremost men of the county. He is progressive in his ideas, pleasing and courteous in his manner, and well understands how to suit the desires and wishes of his patrons. He is now President of the Town Board, and is active in his support of all laudable enterprises. i\lr. Upstone is a Canadian b>' birth, having been born in Sutton Township, Brome County, Province of Quebec, Canada, near the Vermont line, in 183,), and is of English-Scotch ancestry. His fatlier, John Upstone, was born in London, England, and his motiier, Jane (Sinclair) Upstone, was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland. Tlie pai'ents emigrated to Canada in 1832, and in that country the fatlicr followed the oceu|)ation of a farmer. Young I'pstone was reared to the arduous duties of the farm, and as he had to labor most assidu- ously during his youth, his education received very little attention. When eight years of age liis mother died, and he grew up deprived of the loving ('arc and helpful words of that parent. His early life was one of hardshiii and privation, but he was possessed of much determination, great energy, and an unusual amount of entiu-prise. Upon tiie breaking out of the Civil War, our subject was in Ripley County, Ind., and when the tocsin of war sounded, he was filled with patriotism for his adopted land, so on the 3(1 of June, 18(51, he donned his suit of blue, shouldered his musket, and enlisted in Company (1, Thirteenth Indiana Infantry, as a private. He was mustered in at Indianapolis and was at once sent to Virginia. Soon afterward he participated in the battle of Rich Mountain, in that State, and here had his first taste of fire from the enemy. After this he was on guard duly and engaged in skirmish- ing in Maryland until his command was plunged into the battle of Winchester. Following this tlie command marched up the Shenandoah Valley, and crossed the mountains into the Luray Valley, where he and a number of his companions were detached from the regiment and sent back to the Shenan- doah Valley, the objective jjoint being AVinchester. They were surprised at Kerntown, May 23, 1862, by a detachment of cavalry from Gen. Bank's arm\-, and taken prisoner, Ijeing conveyed to tliat death tra[), Belle Island. Here our subject suffered the horrors of starvation to such an extent, that when released in September lie was a physical wreck and weighed but one hundred pounds, when he had entered a strong man, weighing one hun- dred and ninety pounds. After his return, he was sent to Parole Camp, at Annapolis, and there remained until exchanged. When able to join liis regiment, which at that time was at Suffolk, Va., his licaltli was so shattered by his life in the Rebel prison, that he was not able to stand the hardships of war further, and upon a surgeon's certificate of disability (the i)hysitian sa\ing he could not live thirty days), lie returned to his home in Indiana. He soon regained health and strength, however, and determined to again enter the service. On tlie l;')th of July, 1861, our subject enlisted in the Mississippi Squadron of tlie United States navy, and w.as assigned to duty on the "Fair Pl.ay No. 17," of the Mississippi Squadron. He held the commission of Master Mate, which is equal to the rank of Second Lieutenant in the army, and was in service on the lower Missis- sippi, Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. After the surrender of Gen. Lee, our subject went up the Red River to Shreveport, with his command, and there Gen. Dick Taylor surrendered to them. In all the expeditions Mr. Upstone was ever active in the performance of his duty, and displayed much PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPH'C'AL RIX'ORD. 333 bravery and faitlifulness. After the surrender of Diek Taylor, tlie scjuadron was oidered to Cairo, July 23, 18(),'). and there our !«ubject was dis- charged on the 27th of August of that year. Soon afterward Mr. Upstone came to Nokomis. 111., wtiiked on a farm for a short time, and then spent two years in the South. In the years 1801)- 70, he served as Superintendent of the farm at the Illinois Industrial I'niversity, and while there he met with an accident that nearly cost him his life. and from which he was laid up for more than a year. After recovering, he engaged in the drug business in Nokomis, and since then he has been a prominent factor in bu.>iness circles, owning at present a large general store. He is a ijroniinent member of C'ottingham Post No. 230, (J. A. R., having been one of the charter members, one of its first ollicers, and in lS,sil, its t'ommandei-. A Stalwart Republican in his political views, he is no small factor in local politics, in which he has alwa^'s been a leader, lie has lilled many of the local f)Hices, among them being Assessor and Col- lector, while at the present time he is President of the Town Hoard. A good business man, a shrewd politician and a very pleasant gentleman, it is a pleasure to meet or have any dealings with him. Mr. I'pstone was married on the 1st nf .lan- ary, 1870. to Miss Catherine Day, a native of the Buckeye State, and they have one child, a daugh- ter named Maitha, a charming young lady in iier teens. ^>^^' siMMaiaiiiiaaiaassaiasas^iiaas^^ RESIDENCE or WILLIAM WEBST ER, SEC. 18,, NOKOMIS. TR, MONTGOMERY CO., ILL. I •,„ % \ \ \ "\ X ^U' ffi.'i'.i ^ ■ ■ ■ •^■^ ''' ''•'.■ft'>g-^J'" ■afe,-g^j«t*.t-p^ftif{^uf the Cumberland under (ien. IMcCook. He was fust under tire at I'erry ville. Ky., and for three years was in active service, fighting bravely for his country. For some time after the battle of I'erryville he was on guard duty at Mun- f()rd ville and engaged in scouting after Morgan's army. He spent the winter of 18(;2-G3 at Mnn- fordville and, after partici|)ating in the battle of jNIilton, in the sin-ing of 18G,'5 he started with Strait's lirigade on a campaign through Tenn- essee and Georgia. At Home, Ga., he was taken sick and was sent to the hospital at Nashville, which accounts for the fact that he was not taken ])nsoner with his regiment. He rejoined his reg- iment after it had been exchanged and returned to Nashville. I>ater, he took an actise part in the battle of Mission Uidgc, lieing in the Eleventh Army Corps, under (4en. Howard, and afterward went with (tcii. Sherman 'scommand to Knoxville, to relieve Gen. Burnside, « ho was l.ieing besieged by Longstreet. After remaining in Chattanooga during the wiii- terof 18(i.S-(i 1, tlie army started on the Atlanta Cam- paign in the spring of the following year, and our subject participated in all the battles of that noted cami)aign, among them those of Dalton, Kesaca, Marietta and the fall of Atlanta. On his return to Nashville, he f<. light in the battles of Pulaski and Franklin. Afterward the army was re-cn-gan- izcd and his regiment was assigned to the Third Brigade, Fust Division, Fourth Arm}' Corps. He 338 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. accompanied Gen. Sherman on his raid into North Carolina, and while at Greenville heard of the assassination of President Lincoln. He was soon ordered to Camp Harker at Nashville, and there remained until mustered out June 10, 18G.5. He was discharged at Springfield on the 19tli of the same month. After the wai-, i\Ir. Webster remained in Mad- ison Count.\', 111., until the spring of 1866, then lie came to Montgomer}' Count)- and was engaged in farming near Litchfield for eleven years. In 1877, he came to Nokomis Township and has here been engaged in tilling the soil ever since. He has met with sulistantial results in this occupa- tion and is now the owner of a fine farm of nearly five hundred acres, all in a high state of cultivation. He is one of the highl\' respected, influential and wealthy farmers of his community. He was married iu Indiana, in 1848, to Miss Olivia Smith, a native of the Hoosier State, and the daughter of .Jonas and Abigail Smith, the father a prominent farmei- of that State. Their union was blessed by the birth of the following-named chil- dren: (i. W., a successful attorney of Nokomis; G. H., a farmer of Nokomis Township and a prom- inent factor in local politics; and Walter, also a farmer in Nokomis Townshi]). The mother of these children died in Iowa in 18,56. The second marriage of 5h-. Webster occurred in J8.')8 and united him with IJachel Wallace, who died March 20, 1889, leaving four children, as fol- lows: Clara, who married D. Bote, a farmer by occupation; Jessie, the wife of C. H. Rhine, who resides on one of Mr. Webster's farms; Orpha, who married Charles Sullivan, a farmer of Roundtree Township, and Minnie, who resides at home. Polit- icalh', Mr. Webster is now and has always been a stanch Republican. ?1LK.\Z.\R II. WHITE, a promiueiit farmer l^ of Bond County, resides on his two hun- ir~- ^^ dred and more acres of fine land two miles northwest of Greenville, 111. The subject of this sketch was born where he now lives, October 5, 1835, and was the son of John B. AVliite, who was a native of Rutherford County, N. C. Thomas AVhite, our subject's grandfather, was a native of the old North State, and was of Irish birth, and became a teacher and farmer in North Carolina. He made two trips north on horseback prospecting and looking out fine land in the State, and ill 1820 he brought his family hy wagon and located on section 9 in this township, where he entered three hundred and twenty acres of land. He was one of the first settlers and built a log cabin here. The red men became his familiar visitors, and among them Mr. White found many who pos- sessed fine traits of character. Deer and wolves abounded in the country, and wild turkeys flew over the streams, but as he was no hunter he did not pursue any of the wild creatures for sport. During the summers he farmed, and when the months of deep winter settled down over the land he taught school. He was the first teacher in Bond Couuty, and at that time all of the schools were on the subscription plan. Mr. White was a giant iu size and strength, weighing three hun- dred and thirty-three pounds, and he accomplished much in his life. His demise occurred at the age of seventy-six years, and in him the Presbyterian Cliuich lost a member who had always performed his full duty. In politics, he was a Whig and later became a Republican. The father of our subject came here when about thirt}' years of age, and here found the lady who became his wife. He .settled upon the present farm, built a log house, and developed the farm and be- came the owner of two hundred and seventy-five acres. His stock was considered fine, and he car- ried on his farming in a careful manner. In the eighty-fourth year of his age he passed away, hav- ing been a member in good standing in the I'les- byterian Church. In politics, he was a Republi- can, and h:id been a Whig in his earlier d.ays. The mother of our subject was Margaret Robi- son, a native of North Carolina, who came here with her parents when but a little girl and settled in Madison County, near Edwardsvillc. She was the mother of eight cliildren: Mary, now Mrs. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RPXORD. .s;!9 Elain; Tliiimas W.. deceased; Boiiali R.; Harriet, now Mrs. Roliison; .IdIiii M., ileceasod; Samiu'l 1').; .lames A., deeease'i; and Eleazar II. The niollier had been a inemL)er of the Presl)yterian Church, and her neighl)ors and family missed a good, liind woman when she was calUnl away at tlie age of forty -six years. Our sul)ject was reared on the home (ihiee on which lie now resides, and was educated in llie pioneer schoolhouse, and remeniliers the slab benches, and big wide chimney made of mud and sticks. In his day, deer and wolves were still seen in great numbers around his home, and one of the duties of the young boys in the families was to carefully close the slieep pens, as the wolves did not tire of mutton if the boys sometimes did. At the death of his father, our subject took the liome- stead, and later was uiarried to Mrs. Harriet A. (oiodson, who was born in this township. Four children were born to them: Ida K., John B., Hat- tie A. and (ic<_iige W. John (ioodson, Mrs. White's father, was born in Logan County, Ky., on the 7tli of March, 1801, and his father was William (ioodson, a native of New England, who, with his father, was an early settler of Logan Count y.Ky. There Mrs. Goodson "s father married, and moved to this county in 1S2(). The tri|i was made liy wagon and all camped by the roadside at night by a. tire of logs. One night the lire grew low, and while they were all asleep a (lanther ci'ei)t up and was justalioutto spring upon the baby, when its father awoke and snatched a fireljraiid and dr<.ive the animal away. This child lived to become the mother of sixteen children. The land which j\lr. ( ioodson entered he lived upon until the time (^f his death, which occurred in 1IS6;3, when he was about sixty-two years old. llo was a Cuml)erland Presbyterian and services were held in his house. The fatherof Mrs. White married in Kentiick}', and had three children when he came to Illinois in 1826. At that time, he entered land on the southeast quarter of section 27, in tiiis township, and there Iniilt a log house and worked very hard. At the time of his death, he owned four bundled acres of land, which he had obtained by good manageinent. In his jiolitics, he was a Democrat before the war,' but during that struggle he became a Republican. A man of sound judg- ment and great foresight, he predicted many things at tlie outbreak of the war which came to pass afterward. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian ( 'liiin-b. The mother of i\frs. Wliite was Elizalieth Perry, who was born in Logan County, Ky.,June7, 18(10. She became the mother of twelve children, eleven of whom she reared to maturity. She had em- braced the faith of the Cumberland Presbvterian Church and died September l.'i, 184L The land which is owned by our subject comprises two hun- dred and one and one-half acres, all of which is contained in one body and is mostly improved. He has successfully combined grain and stock-rais- ing and has bred some very tine horses. lioth Mr. and Mrs. White belong to the Presbyterian Church, ill which the whole family far back has taken great interest. Formerly our subject was a Republican, but he now aiUliates with the People's paitv, and at [iresent is acceptably tilling the ofhce of School J)irector. -*• — ^4:#-1rl^f- ?,^^ LBERT F. (iWYN. Our subject is a prom- inent merchant of Sorento, and to him be- lt longs tiie credit of starting the first store 'OS* ill tlic' town, lie is a native of Bond County, and was born not f.-ir from his present place of residence, March .5, 1812, being next to the eldest in a family of live children, comprising three sons and two daughters, that were born to Alexander and Cinderella (McCaslin) Gwyn. Of this family there are but two now living, onr sub- ject and his eldest brother, William T., who resides at Peru, Kan. Alexander Gwyn was born in Maur County, Tenii., ill 1809. His father, who.sc name was also Alexander, was Iku-ii in the same place in 178;'). Mrs. Alexander (Jwyii was a native of Princeton, K}'., and she and her husband came to the Prairie 340 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. State all! Hit is.id, and located in Bond County, where Mr. Gwyn died in 18;jl. Tlie original of this sketch was reared on a farm and received a fair education. On tiie breaking out of the Civil War he enlisled in the service of his country as a private in Company I, of the Sixth Illinois Cav- alry, joining his company October 2, 1861. It would be a long and tedious tale to attempt to follow Jlr. Gwyn minutely through his more than four years of brilliant service. We will, however, give the more important events that ti'anspired. lie was in the forty-eight days' siege at l\)rt Hudson and his regiment was the first to enter Port Hudson. He then campaigned through Alabama. Jliddle and Western Tennessee, and fought Hood at Florence, Ala.; he was in the bat- tle of Nashville, and also in that hottest of battles — Franklin; and was on the meraoraljle Grierson Raid, which stationed at LaGrange a detachment of one hundred and twenty-live detailed men, of wliom our subject was one. They were .sent in advance to locate the enemy, and after riding all day through the mud and rain, worn out, wet and hungry, they wra])ped themselves in their blankets, and (in March 29, 1863, laid down on the cold, wet ground to rest. While sleeping they were surprised by a murderous band of rebels, who out- numbered them three to one. As their deadly fire was poured upon the sleeping soldiers, tlie latter s|)rang to their feet, and, though it would have been the natural imjjulse under such circumstances to turn and run, they held their ground, and after a desperate light completely defeated the enemy. We give herewith tlie order issued by the Com- manding (ieneral on this occasion, and which fully explains itself: 'Headquarters I'irst Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, L.vGiiAMiH, Texx., A2>ril 2, 186.3. ''General Order No. 46, by direction of Maj. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut, commanding Sixteenth Army Corps: "The (iencral comnianding tlie First l)i\ision returns thanks to the cavalry which, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Loomis, of the Sixth Illinois Cavalry, so gallantly repulsed an attack made upon them at midnight, by^ a rebel force outnumbering them threefold, near Belmont, Tenn., on the 20th of March, 1863. By such de- termined fighting glory is won, and we cannot think of our brave men sjiringing from their slum- ber, aroused b^' a murderous volley, and rushing upon the foe and routing him, without a thrill of pride. Well does our c<_)iintry merit such glorious service, and may all our troops loyally render it wherever opportunity may be afforded. It is hereliy ordered that a copy of this order be ad- dressed to each commissioned and non-commis- sioned otiicer and private who participated in the affair referred to, as evidence of his bravery and good conduct. " By command of Brig.-Gen. William Soule Smith, commanding First Division. " To Private Alfred F. Gwyn, Company I, of the Sixth Illinois Cavalrj'." In fact, it has been stated, in an order issued by the commanding olticei', that this cavalry accom- plished feats that were not thought possible for cavalry to do; that they never attacked a fort they did not take, and never defended a line they did not hold. For more than a year our subject never had a tent or other shelter. He endured such privations for m(n'e than four years that his coun- try might be saved. He was finally discharged, November 24, 186;'). Mr. Gwyn was married in 18()4, while home on on his veteran's furlough, his bride being Miss Lydia A. Curlee, From this union two children have been born: Nellie, the wife of W. D. Wirt, who is Mr. Gwyn's partner in business; and Jessie, a young lady who is now completing her educa- tion. The subject of this sketch resumed his farming operations after returning from the war, and continued to be thus employed until 1871, at which time he turned his attention to the mercan- tile business, and located at Elm Point, where he remained for six years. The succeeding five years, or from 1876 to 1882, he was in business at Hillsljoro. In 1882, when the town of Sorento was being laid out, he was the first on the ground. He built the first building and sold the first goods from the place, and also was the first Postmaster. He has ever been an ardent Republican, and is a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORD. 341 memher in liii;h standing of the Grand Army of tiie Rc|iuhlic'. Fiaternnlly, he is a meml)er of the Modern Woodmen. At the present time of vvrit- ing(18S)2) Mr. Gw^yn is completing tlie linest resi- dence in Sorento. Here he expects to [jass tiie evening of life snrroiinded by iii.s family. l.^-^ ON. J. 15. LANE is ranked among the rep- I) resentativc citizens of Montgomery County, and there is prol)ably no one more de- )) serving of minition than he, for \\\s resi- dence within its borders has extended over a con- siderable portion of his life. During tins time he has served in various oflicial capacities and always with such satisfactory results that nanglit Init words of commendation have been bestowed n|;on him. lie was born in Cheshire County, N. II., Septemlier 10, 182G. a son of Dr. T. L. Lane, who w,as born in Marlborough, N. II., September 1, 1800. He attended school at Groton, Mass., and at Han- over, N. IL, and graduated from an educational institution of the latter place in 182-1. For the pi-actice (if his [n'ofession Dr. Lane first located in Sullivan, N. H., in 182.3, l.iut removed from there in 1832 to Lunen burgh, Vl., where he remained two years. Gilsum, N. II., next became his home, where he remained until 1S.'?.S, and from there removed to Daysville, 111., and in IS II lie- came a resident of Fillmore, where he was called from life September 1, 1S1!». His father, Capt. John Lane, was born in Lunenburgh, M.ass., and obtained his title in tiie Revolutionary War, in which he was a courageous and faithful soldier. He was of iMiglish descent. The wife of Di-.'l'. L. Lane was Miss Roxanna Harvey, a native of Mass- achusetts, where she was born August 2, 1802. The maternal grandfather, Kimber Harvey, was liiirn in the old May State in 17.")5, and during the Revolutionary War attained to the rank of .Sergeant He was of English lineage. Dr. T. L. Lane and Roxanna Harvey were married at Marlborough, N. H., October 2.3. 182;'). and became the parents of two sons and two daughters: ,1. P>., the subject of this sketch, who is the eldest of the family; .lane A., born November 2;"). 1828, died May (i, IfS.'iG; Timothy was' born April 2, 18.'!0, and died Ainil 20, 1832; and JNIary .1., born Dccemlier 1;'), 1837, the wife of Andrews!. Richmond, of Oiegon. .1. I!. Lane remained with his father and mother until tlieir respective deaths, and in 18(50 started a store in what was Old Fillmore, of which place he was a|)pointed Postmaster in 18;j4, and very efficiently tilled the position until Cleveland's ad- ministration, when he was dis[)laeed. U|.)on the election "f ilari'ison, his son took the office. The town of Fillmore is built on the farm wiiich was owned l)y Mr. Lane, and it was owing to his exer- tions that the village w.as founded. He was first married on the !)th of M;ii-cli, LSI 8, to Miss Sarah Harris, who died .Tilly 1, 1S,")1, having borne her husband a son, Timothy, who is a resident of l''ill- more. Mr. Lane's secoiul marri.age was celebj-ated on the 3rd of February, 18r)2, Hacliel .S. Post, a daughter of .lacob and Jlargaret (Cress) Lost, lie- eoniing his wife. .She was l.iorn in Cabarrus County, N. C, and at the age of .seven years became a res- dent of Montgomery Couiit\-, 111., where she has since resided. This union resulted in the birth of seven chil- dren: Margaret is the wife of Rev. Hiram L. (ireg- ory, a minister of the jMethodist Episcopal Clinrch, and a resident of California; Torrance H. is associ- ated with his father in the mercantile business; .Vugusta F., widow of George W. Lewey, is a.ssis- tant in the iiost-oftii'e at Fillmore; Ora E., a, suc- cessful farmer, resides at l''illinore; Carrie M. and Flhi L. are at home. .Mr. Lane is the owner of four hundred acres of land in and adjoining tlie village of Fillmore, wlu're he and his son conduct a Large general mercantile establishment. They Iceep a large and well-selected stock of goods, which they dispose of at very re.asoiialile ratios, and their efforts to plea.se their patrons, their genial and cordial manners and upright business methods li.-i\c made their house a very popular and liber- ally iiatroiii/.ed (uie. Mr. Lane is ;i pronounced Republican, and on lh;il ticket w:is elected Associate .ludge in IS(!'.). During his four years of service in that position jus- 342 PORTEAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tice was meted out with an impartial hand, and decisions were made after careful and painstaliing study of the evidence adduced. lie was also a |)0i>ular and intelligent Justice of the Peace and adjusted tlie difficulties of liis neighliors in a man- ner very satisfactory to all concerned. Mr. Lane was at one time the owner of six hundred acres of land, but gave each of his boys considerable real- estate, and was also ver\' liberal with his daughters. He is a prominent citizen of his own township, and is respected and esteemed for his sterling in- tegrity, sound judgment, broad intelligence and progressive ideas. >EORGE MINDRUP. Agriculture has one of its most energetic representatives among the German ]iopulation of Nokomis Town- shii), jNlontgomcry County, in the gentleman whose name appears at the iiead of this sketch. A prosperous and progressive farmer, Mr. IMindrup is a native of Germany, liaving been born in Oslerland, December 6, 1836. His fatlier was a farmer, with all the ideas of thrift and industry common and necessary to the German agriculturist. Our subject was reared on the home farm, and in the intervals of duties incident to a fai'mer lad, he received a common-school ed- ucation, which was, however, verj- different from the education received by the boys of to-day. Our subject's parents lioth passed away in tlieir native land, and when young Mindrup liad i-ea,ched his niajorit}' he emigrated to America, his advent hither taking place in ISoT. He atonce [proceeded to I llinois. and located on a farm near Mount ( )live, in .MacoLipin County. There he continued until 18()8, when lie came to this county and piuchased eighty acres of land in Kokomis Townsliip. When all that thrift and energy could do was done for this small tract, and it had been made to blossom Uke the ruse, he later added a larger tract to the original puichasc. A hc)me procured, our subject cast about for the right woman to give it indeed a home atmospliere. Miss Lena Husman proved to he his heart's choice, and they were united in marriage March 2, 1865. She also was of German birth and parentage. Nine children have taken their place in the plea.s- ant home, in which kindness and appreciation are the chief characteristics. A great affliction was laid upon the eldest son, whose name is Harmon. When but two years of age, the child had a severe illness, and as a result of this he lost the power of speech and hearing. He is now a student in tlie deaf and dumb school at Jacksonville, 111., and his progress there is gratifj'ing to himself and jiarents. Tlie other children are still at home, and are named as follows: Lizzie, Frederikie, Richard, An- nie, Henry, Otto, Etta and Lena. Tlie older children are receiving every advantage afforded b_y the public scliools of their vicinity for a thorougli and practical education, and will doubtless take their places as respected citizens in the localities chosen for tlieir liomcs. Blr. Mindruj) is an ardent ad- herent of the Republican party in theory, but takes but little active interest in politics, aside from casting his vote. ^^- ^ \T| OHN S. HALL, a very prominent farmer of Pleasant Mound Township. Bond County^ III., was born in Jefferson County, Ya., within eight miles of Charleston, January 17, 1813. His present home is located on section 7, in Pleasant ^lound, where he has a farm of four hundred and fifty- acres and a house beautifully placed on a gravel bank in the midst cif a natural grove. Tlie fatlier of our subject was Joshua M. Hall, a native of Jefferson Couiitv, Va., born in 1780. He was a farmer and also a boatman on the Potomac, and died in his native count\- at the ago of fifty- eight years. His father was of English extraction and bore the same name as liiinself. The mother of our subject was Charlotte (Strider) Ilall. and was a native of the same county and State as her husband. She lived to be but fiftv-nine years PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 343 old. Her fnther w:is Isaac Strider, a native of Ger- many, wlio was one of tlie eaily settlers of the State of \'iri>ii.ia. The family of jNIr. and Mrs. Ilall consisted of six children, all of whom grew to maturity, married, and reared families that are now scattered over the United States. Our subject is the third child and oldest son of his parents' family. He was reared and educated in his native place and received a common-school education. In I8;51. he came to P.ond County, III., and bought the farm where he now resides, but re- turnee] to Virginia in February, 1832, though in the following year he came back, traveling on horseback and b}- stage and river. In February, 1837, he married JMiss Jane M., the daughter of Middleton Smitli, who was also born in N'ii'ginia, in IMorgan County. Mrs. Hall reached liond County, 111., in 1833, with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Hall were the parents of eight children, of wiiom six were daughters and two sons. They are: Sarah V., deceased wife of Eugene Seymour; j\Iary O., wife of K. P. McMurran, who is Postmaster at Smithliorough; Charlotte, wife of E. Y. Gaskins, of Zion Township, Bond County; .lohii S., residing near iiis father; Ellen A., wife of Thomas Milton, of Montgomery County, 111.; William C, residing in Greenville; Emma, wife of O. E. Bennett, a com- mercial traveler; and Frances I., wife of (iilliert Guller, of Sniithborough. All of our subject's children wore born on the farm where he now re- sides, and they have all been happily married and lie is now the proud grandfather of eight childien. Our subject has a farm of four hundred and fifty acres, almost all of which is fenced and cnlli- vated. When he located on this place it was all wild land, and it must be a great satisfaction to him to sec how his efforts have been rewarded. Fields of waving grain and nodding corn liavt! taken the place of the wilderness that llrst pre- sented ilscir to his gaze when lie made his trip here in IS.'!!, lie has fuinid it most profitable to be a general faniiei'. and has made considerable money in the raising of line stock. His first Pres- idential vote was cast for William Henry Harrison in 183(), and in 18111 he again voted the same ticket, and has been a Whig and a Repulilican ever since. He has held the oIlU'c of School Director for a number of years. At one time he owned six hundred acres of land in the county, Init now finds that four hundred and fifty arc quite as much as he cares to manage. He is well known and is highly regarded as one of the old settlers of the place. ^i^^^^l^:l« ■SDWAKD IK )()(;, wholesale and retail [^ dealer in Hour, feed, hi,des and wool, con- ducting his business at the corner of State and Edwards Streets, Litchfield, is a man of fine character and excellent business habits, and is regarded a.s an active factor in extending the commercial interests of the city. He is of pioneer antecedents, his father being one of the early settlers of this State. The jiarents of oui' subject were Constantine and Cliailotta (]\Iuiemann) Iloog. The senior Mr. Hoog was liorn in Baden-Baden, fJermany, about sixty-live years ago, and when i|uite a young man emigrated to this country and settled at .Staunton, 111. From Staunton he removed to Carlinville, where he married, and afterward moved to Litch- field, in the year 185;'). He was one of the oldest mei-chaiits doing business on State Street, and had represented the Second Wai'd as Alderman for two successive terms, and tilled the position with hoiujr to himself and satisfaction to his constituency. The family of ( 'onstaiitiiie Iloog and his wifecon- sisted of five children: Our subject; Anna; Lena, wife of Eilwin Austin; Ida, :i school teacher at Mt. Olive; and l.otlii', who renuuns at home. Our suiiject recei\-e grade a mile between Butler and Litchfield, but he died in Februarw 1S(;;5. He steadfastly refused to acccrpt any otlice but that of School Director, and was a man greatly respected. The mother of our subject married for a second husband Richard Col- bert, and after his death she married Edward Gun- newalt. She still lives. The children boin to the parents of our subject were as follows: Warren, who now represents the Government as United States District .Judge at Alaska, went to Oregon in 1870, and there began the practice of law. He is married and has two children. J. M. lives in Hillsboro, 111.; Cynthia Ann died in infancy; Russell resides in Walla Walla, Wash., where he practices medicine; and Oliver H. died when young. • j Our subject was reared on a farm, and attended the countiy school, beside which he had the ad- vantage of two terms at Hillsboro. He leinained with his parents until he had reached his twent}'- first year, and then he married Frances E. McAdams, Octobers, 18C1. She was the daughter of Thomas and Marj' McAdams, and was born and reared about five miles south of Hillsboro. At her death, which occurred April 23, 1869, she left three children. .lames M. lives in Roodhouse and is an engineer on the Chicago & Alton Railroad. He married Belle Stone, and has two children. Thomas has gone West, and is now engaged in mining in Montana; and Francis died in infancy. Our subject married a second time, his wife being Margaret K., the daughter of Jacob and Mary Kessinger, natives of Kentucky. Three children, William M., Elmer and Lester, have been born of this union. Mr. Truitt has been a prominent n)an in his dis- trict. He has held the office of Supervisor since 1884, with the exception of one year. His early teaching had made him a Democrat, but in 1872 he saw occasion to look at public matters in a dif- ferent light, and he has been a Republican since. While serving as Supervisor, he has had charge of the most important committees. He was Chair- man of the Committee on Public Buildings one year, and is now a meinljer of the Finance Coin- niittee. He has been a member of the Township Central Committee for live years. For three yeais he was Iligliway Commissioner in Bois D'Arc Township. After his marriage, our subject fai-ined the home place west of Hillsboro, and remained Ihcre until 1867, at which time he sold out and moved south jJl^'^^j0^ hi'H-a^^-^ 7f//iytS^(^/^^-t4^i,.(^ PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 347 of Hillshoro. He went to iNIissouii and Kansas in the fall of 1870-71, and when he returned he lo- cated on a farm in Mont<>onierv County, remain- ing there from 1.S72 until 1878. lie then settled on his present farm, where he has three hundred acres of finely ini|)roved land. The place is farmed liy himself and his brother, . I. .M.Truitt, in partner- ship. These gentlemen are well known and highly connected throughout the county. -''A IIAKLKS WHITKHOUSE, who resides on section 7, Walsh ville Township, is one of the most extensive land-owners of Blont- goniery County, and is widely known throughout this |)art of the State. lie well deserves represen- tation in this volume, and with })leasuie we i)re- sent to our readers this record of his life. lie was i)orn in the kingdom of Prussia, Cermany, Decem- ber If, 183.'i, and is the youngest in a family of five sons and one daughter born unto William and JMargaretta (Elsbein) Whilehouse. In the Fatherland the name was siielled Whitehaus. Our subject was reared to manhood upon the farm and was educated in accoi dance with the laws of his native land. In 1853, when at the age of twenl\' years, Charles Whitchousc determined to .seek his fortune in the New World, whither four of his brothers had preceded him. The family name was changed by Wdliam for his neighbors began calling him Whitehonse, and he soon found it necessary to assume that name, which the other brothers also took. The name of Whitehonse is now known fcir miles in ail directions, for the members of the family have mounted far up the ladder of fame and fortune. William, who died many years ago, left a va-it estate of nearly three thousand acres of as fine land as can be found in Illinois, and to this his heirs are constantly adding. After coming to this counti-y, nuv >ubjccl worked as a fai'm ham! fur about four \ears and then purchased eighty acres of land in Macoupin County. Five years later he purchased the farm on wliieh he now resides. As his financial resources have increased, he has made other purchases,, until at this writing his landed jjossessions aggregate nine hundred and twenty acres. He has not only been a successful farmer, liut has also won |)ros- perity as a land speculator and coal operator. In 1856, Mr. Whitehonse was married to Miss F'uge Arkabauer. She died in 1887, leaving five children, namely: Martha, wife of Fred Neimann, Jr., a wealthy 3'oung farmer; Annie, at home; and Harmon and Charles, who manage the fa- ther's farm. Hannah is deceased. Mr. AVhitehouse was a second time married, in 1888, the lady of his choice being Mrs. Annie (Johnson) Arkebauer, a native of Hanover, Germany. They are prom- inent and highly respected jieoiile, who hold an enviable i)ositi<.>n in social circles. In addition to his farming interests, Mr. White- ( liovise has been connected with the opening up of ( various coal mines in this locality. He is a man of superior business ability .and, with a fertile mind directing indnstrioiis hands, he has achieved suc- cess. In [lolitics, he is a Republican. He served for one term as Town Supervisor, and was again nominated, but the election proved a tie and in casting lots Jlr. Wliiteluni.se was the loser. He has never been an oflice-seeker, for he prefers to devote his entire attention to his large property, which he personally oversees, although he takes no active [jart in the work. lie is a member of the (jerman Lutheran Church and for man}' years was one of its oflicers. -^-^>^ f a ■ H J^^'IK )MAS M. .lliTT. ''Some men are born ^K^^ great, some achieve greatness, and some ■V^^ have greatness thrust upon them." The subject of this sketch is one of those men who achieve their own success. Most, of our public meii.;ind men who haye legitim.atcly grown ri<'h, are men of in tclligcnce, integrity , and peiseyerance. 16 348 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Of this class Mr. .lett is an honored member. He is intensely patriotic and American in sentiment; a rci)resentati\c man of liis tyi)e, in full sympathy with the proiiress of llie times. Thomas AI. Jett was Ijorn near (4reenvilh', Ikinrl County, III.. M:iy 1, lSC>-2. His father. Stei)hen ,1. ilett, was a native of Virginia, tliough he came with his parents to Illinois at a very early age, so that the most interesting memories of hi>chihlhood are connected with his home in the Sucker State. Mr. .Ic^tt, the grandfather of our subject, w.as an extensive planter in the Old Dominion and ow-ned a great many slaves. The mother of our subject w.as born in North Carolina in 1829. Her maiden name was Nancy Booher. Her father, .lohn ISooher. was among the early settlers of Mont- gomery County, 111. Thus we learn that two of the Old Colony Slates are i'e|(resented in our sub- ject and that he traces his lineage from the brave men and women whose stout hearts and noble deeds "made and preserved us a nation." Stei)hen J. .Tett w\as a prosperous farmer, doing much to advance the interests of agriculture in his vicinity, hence, the early life of our subject was spent on the farm. He attended the common school of his neighborhood, laying well the foundations for the liberal education which he later secured in college at Valparaiso, Ind., gradu- ating from the scientific department of that insti- tution with high honor in 1884. From his earliest years, he was a favorite with his .associates, and his (piick, intellect and studnuis habits, together with a frank and friendly manner, won for him man.\' a bright prophecy in regard to his future. .-Vfter his graduation, our subject liecame a teacher in the i)nl)lic schools of both ISond and Montgomery Counties, during which time he com- menced li> read law, and in March, 1885, he be- came a student in the ollice of .Judge Phillips, of llillsboro. In .hiiie, 1887, he was admitted to the liar and soon after located at Nokomis, where he lirst hung out his shingle. Jt was not long before his logic, elo(iuencc and ability attracted the atten- tion of his brother attorneys and the citizens of Montgomery County, and in the spiing of I 889 he was brought to the front by his party and elected to the resi)onsit)le ()llice of State '.s Attorney foi' that county, the duties of which office he has performed for the past three years to the great satisfaction cif his constituents and much credit to himself. Din- ing the convention in the spring of 1892, he was lenominated for another four-year term with but little or no opposition. Mr. .Jett selected his life companion in the per- son of Miss Mollie Clotfelter, and their marri.age was celebrated on the 24th of December, 1889. One child, Ross W., Ii.as been liorn to this union. ilrs. .left's father, .James W. Clotfelter, is a promi- nent farmer and stock-raiser of llillsboro. Like his father and grandfather before him, Thomas ;\I. Jett is an enthusiastic Democrat, and a leader in their councils. He is a prominent member of the jMasonic fraternity, also a member of the Knights of Pythias, and one of the county's most energetic, and thoriuigh-going citizens. He is a man of fine personal ap})earance, and magnetic influence. A bright futui* is opening before him. He is in the prime of life mentally as well as in his [)hysical health. From his past record, we judge that what- ever may betide him in the future, there will be no occasion to doubt his honesty of purpose and de- votion to duty. Logical in thought, terse in speech, pleasant in address, when he speaks he wins respect and commands attention. Illinois has no brighter or more genial man than Thomas M. .Jett. r^ AMES C. WHITE, a prominent farmer and an old settler of La (Grange Township, is the owner of three hundred and thirty-five acres of land in liond County, and is a man well and favorably known. The ancestors of our subject were among those pioneers who came into the State from Mrginia and Kentucky, where their names are yet well represented. .lames AVhite w.as the father of our suliject and his native State was Kentucky, and from there also came Stephen \\'hilc. the graudl'atlier, who in that section carried on the various i'm|iloyments of carpentering, tanning and farming. He made PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 349 tlie journey into the vvilrlerness in 1817, by wagon, and took u|> one bundled and sixty acres of land on suction 25, in tliis tovvnsbip, and here lie die(l five years later. The father ut> I821(, and died here at an ad\anced age. Tlu^ father of Mrs. White was a mechanical genius and could work at the (■arpentci''s trade, t.ake a h:nid at bricklaying, or make a piece of fuiniture; in fact, he must have been a ni.-m who would ha.\e [irovi'il himself a per- fect mine of usefulness in a pioneer settlement. His arrival here was In a two-wlieeled cart, in which he came across the mountains, being two months on the way, and eamiiing out during the nights. He reached here m I82(). Mr. Wood reached this cfninty with |!4((, aiul he then took up eighty acres of (;overiimeiit land and later took eighty more, and, as he prospered, he took more until he linally owned over one thousand .acres. He built a log cabin and settled on .section 350 POKTRAIT AJsD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 29, in this townsliip, where he farmed very exten- sively and raised great numl)ers of cattle, sheep and hosjs. Just at this time, lie was drafted into the army for the Black Hawk War, but before he started the war ended. At that time deer and wolves were i)lentiful. and thonsands of prairie chickens flew over the land. No game laws were necessary at that time. IMr. Wood was not much of a hunter for siiort, but he could use his rifle with good effect when he so desired, and many were the hungr}' wolves prowling around his high sheep pen who bit the dust from a shot frohi tliat same rifle. There were several small stt)res in the neighbor- hood, but J\Ir. Wood was obliged to haul all of his produce to St. Louis over Lidian trails, the trip often requiring five days to accomplish. His death took jilace when ho was sixty-nine years of age. Tlie mother of Mrs. White was Sarah McCormick, who was born in Scotland and came to America with her parents when a child. She reared eight children, as follows: Caroline, Eli, Ezra, Nancy .Tane, David (deceased), John, Sarah A. and Ira. The mother died at the ripe age of sixty-nine, a good and noble woman, and a member of the Baptist Church. jMr. AVofid had been a strong Abolitionist, notwithstanding the fact that he had been i-eared in South Caro- lina, the first State to secede in the late war. >Ls. White was reared here and attended the same kind of school in which her husband re- ceived the rudiments of his education. After marriage, i\h-. and Mrs. White settled in the home place and lived there until 1860, when they re- moved here. This was not (iovernment land,l)ut . Mr. White has made all of the improvi'meuls and lias now three hundred and thirty-five acres of fine fertile land. He carries on a system of mixed farming and also handles some stock, although lie now rents almost all his land, as lie docs not desire to pass his latter days in toil. He is a carpenter by trade and has done some building. His home residence is a conifortalile large frame house, w-hicli he built in 1 8(!(). In politics, Mr. White is a Democrat and be- lieves in the principles taught by that great party. Mrs. White is a good, kind wcnnan, a consistent member of the Church of Christ. This worthy couple have never had any children of their own, but under the safe shelter of their roof and by their fireside twenty-seven friendless little ones have found a welcome and a home. No words of the biographer could place this good man and woman more favorably before the public, and this Rkcoui) is jiioud to show to the future this example of true Christianity. ''Inasmuch as ^e have done it unto the least of these, ye have done it unto me." l-^l-l^l C^^HOMAS T. BAKER, I). 1). S., is a popular i/f^S} young dentist, who is located at the corner Ngi^' of State and Kirkham Streets, in Litchfield. He has been in business here since 1889, and has a constantly increasing practice. The State of Ken- tucky was the home of his parents, William T. and Maiy (Hough) Baker, who came to Illinois a num- ber of years ago, but the father died when Thomas T. was an infant. Our subject was born in this city, July 2(1, 18(>6, and this has since been his home, vvhere he has been known as a manly boy, an ambitious student, and now a successful profes- sional man. He has shown energy and persever- ance, and his home jieople have shown by their patronage that they have eveiy confidence in his skill and ability. Mr. Baker was educated in the schools of this place, and was graduated from the High School in 1885. He lost no time in the choice of a profes- sion, but immediately entered the office of Dr. Barefoot, and remained with liiin for three years. He took his first course of lectures in Indianapolis, and later attended the Missouri Dental College, at St. Louis, from which he was graduated in the Class of '90. Upon his return, he immediately be- gan to practice his profession. He entered into partnership with Dr. W. A. Alexander, and the firm continued until 1890, when Dr. Baker bought out his partner's interest, and now continues the business with a student assistant. He has built up a large and lucrative iiractice, and has all of the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 351 appluiuce,-. whirli iciifler the l;il)or of a dentist one of relief instead of one of pain. His work com- pares favorably with tliat of ohler practitioners, and what he has not yet learned by experience, he overbalances by his new methods and late discov- eries of science. Our subject lias always been interested in music, and is now a member of the band. He is also iden- tified with the order of the Knights of I'ythias. He is considered one of the desirable members of the social circles of Litchfield, and one who will make his mark in his tji'ofession. _♦==•>===•»• / ^EOROE L. SETTLEJIIRE is the enterpris- inii' and popular proiirietor of the Wabash ^ Elevator, wbieh is located nortli of the de- pot in Litch.tield. His father, David O. Settleraire, was born in tape (iirardeau, Mo., antli lines from 1860 until 18(37, when he sold out and embarked in the grain business at this place. He built an elevator here that has a capacity of twenty-five thousand bushels of grain. Mr. Settlemire's marriage oecuned at Carlinville, the bride being Miss Sarah .1. Adams, who is still liv- ing. To them were born two children, on i- subject, and lolaE., who became the wife of W. A. Aruthers, of tlie Mt. 'N'ernon CarCompany. I )a\icl (). Settle- mire was one of the organizes of 1 he Car Coin pain, and for ten or twelve years was the President of w^liat was called the Litchfield Car Company. In April, 18<)0, he established the ?It. Vernon Car Works, in which he is the main stockholder, ;ind of which he has lieen President, lb- has been a very active and progressive man in the locality, and has done much to make the city what it is. He has always been interested in the grain and eleva- tor business, but .lanuary 1, 18<)2, he sold this Imsi- ness to his son (jeorge, and now gives his time en- tirely to the Mt. \'ernon Car Company. The birth of our subject took place .luly 2(1, 18.")1, and after coiii|ileting his edueation in tlu^ schools of this city, he immediately went into busi- ness. The grain business was not new to him, as li(^ had lieen acipKiinted with elevators all of his life, and lie took entire charge of the one built by his father. He does an extensive liusiness, and ships to Eastern and Southern markets, while his trade in the local market is also large. The marriage of Mr. Settlemire took [ilace in November, 1887, when he was united in marriage with Miss Ella E., daughter of Hon. P. 1!. I'pdyke, who is an old and respected citizen of this place. Two children have lieen born to >L-. and Mrs. Set- tlemire: David P. and Willier Linn. The family of which Mr. Settlemire is a, memlier has been identified with the [irogress of the nation lliroiigh several generations. His life has been such as to add lustre to the honored name he bears, and ho has acquired prosperity by close industry and the ex- ercise of excellent judgment. - — - «^-^^^ - VTIOSEPH BIGIIAM. The oldest members of a community are doubly entitled to the re- spect and esteem of their neighbors when their long lives have been replete with acts of kindness, and their whole career marked by integrity and uprightness. The time-honored and respected gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch makes his home on section 20, East Fork Township, Montgomery Count3\ His native home was in Ilagerstown, Washington County, INId., where he was born January 27, 1804. His fatlier, Josejjh Bigham, was a native of Pennsylvania, and his father, Hugh Bigham, was also bijni in the Keystone State, of Irish parentage. Our subject's great-grandfather, Bryan Bigham, was born on the Green Isle of Erin, and came to America at a |)eriod antedating the Revolutionary War. Joseph Bigham, father of our subject, selected liis wife in the person of Miss Elizabeth Eenbicli,a native of Pennsylvania and the daughter of Chris- topher Eenbich, who was of (!erman descent. Our subject was one of a family of children born to this union, and was reared in his native county, receiving a fair education in the common schools. AVhen fourteen years of age, he began learning the shoemaker's trade and folloM'cd this for many years. Industiions, enterprising and progressive he prospered in his cliosen calling and became one of the substantial men of his locality. Our subject was married the first time in Wash- ington County, ]\[d., in 1830, to Miss Mary A. Kershner, who was born in that county and State, and to them were born seven children, named in the order of their births as follows: Samuel K. and Mary A., deceased; Emanuel K., born in Maryland in January, 1835, and married Miss Laura M. McGahey, who with his wife now resides on the farm with our subject; Catherine J. E., the wifeof Louis Tice, of Greenville. 111.; James H., of Kansas; Charles IL, of Bond County, 111.; and John W., of Arkansas. Mr. Bigham's second marriage was with Adelia Paisley, who bore him one daughter, S. M., who is now the wife of Harri- son Hanner. The children now living have pros- pered in their various oc( upations and are highly esteemed in whatever community they make their home. Mr. Bigham came to Montgomer}- County, III., in 1845, and took up land from the Government. Although the land w.as wild upon which he settled, and the implements he used to cultivate his land rude and unhandy, the soil was rich, .'md as the work of clearing progressed and the crops were put in, it yielded a rich return. Now, when well along in years, this worthy gentleman has a good farm of two luiiidred acres all under cultivation, and PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 353 eiglity acres of timber, and can now sit down and enjoy the fruit of Ins labor. For many years he has been identitied with tlie interests of Jlont- gomery County and in iiim tiie coranuinity lias a faithful and unswerving friend, ever alert to serve its best interest and generous in his contributions towaid every uiovenient tending to the general advancement. Mr. Bigham's pleasant residence is a home in- deed, and is at once a monument and a reward of patient continuance in well-doing, hard toil and sober living, lie ranks as a noticeable illustration of that indomitable push .and energy wliicii char- acterize men of will and determination. His lirst Presidential vote wa? cast for .lackson. but he is now a stanch Republican. 'OIIN W. ROSE, the efficient and capable Clerk of the city of Eitchfield, has occupied his present office for the past ten yeais, and during the entire time has given entire satis- faction. Mr. Rose was born in (irisham Township, near the present site of Donnelison, October 1(3, 1H17, and has the honor of being the son of two worth}' people, Henry and ]>eah (Mei.senheimer) Rose, the former of whom was one of the early settlers of the county, having come from his native State, Ken- tucky. His good wife was a native of North Carolina and both were (jf (lerman descent. These two parents died when their son, our subject, was still (juite young, the fatiier passing away when John was only three years old, and the mother leaving the little helpless fellow a year later. Tills cliild, who was destined to be our subject, grew to maniiood in his native county and received a good common-school education. During this time he had no permanont home, liut he was a plucky fellow and never allowed anytiiiiig to dis- courage him. Desiring more of an education than was afforded by the public schools, he earned suf- ficient money to carry him through a course at Lincoln Universit}', Lincoln, 111. Aftei- linishing his course he returned to his native [ilace and en- gaged in school teaching, following this avocation for twelve years, from 1868 to 1881, although not all the time in Illinois, .as he was at Independence, Kan., from 1872 to 1871, teaching in the city schools. During all of his experience as a teacher he gave entire satisfaction, and the educational in- terests lost a valuable advocate and promoter when Mr. Rose abandoned that pursuit to respond to the call of his city. In 1883 the (.'ity Council appointi d .Mr. Rose, without regard to |)olitics, to till a \;icancy in the position of Clerk. So creditably did he serve, that he was elected the following year for a full term and has been re-elected ever since. It would l)e impossible to find anyone who could lill Mu> posi- tion in any more creditable manner than Ihis in- telligent gentleman does. U|ion liis ap|)ointment to office Mr. Rose concluded to iei)resent several insui'ance firms, and now is the agent of twelve of the best corporations of that n.aturc. In addition to the very fine business he is attending to in that line, he deals in real estate, and is a Notary Public, although he only aims to carry on the in- surance business in addition to the duties of his office. By virtue of his office of Notary Public he is alile to do conveyancing. Mr. Rose is a member of Charter Oak Lodge, A. F. and A. M.; Elliott C'hai)ter and St. Omer Com- mandery, and lias liecu the Master of the lodge for five years. He was honored in l.s.s;! by be- ing appointed Deputy (4rand Lecturer tor the State of Illinois. In 18i)0 Mr. Kose was aiipointcd ( Jrand Examiner by (iiand Master .lohn M. I'ierson, of (iodfrey, wliich honoraliie and important [losition he still retains. In politics he upholds the princi|)les of Democracy, but his wife just as ar- dently sustains the principles of tlie Republican l)arty. Mr. Rose married Miss Mary .J. rir(>en, the daugh- ter of Thomas and Amanda Green, of Raymond Township. This lady first saw the light of day in Fairfield County, Ohio. The day that saw these two people made one was October 20, 1870, and since that time fourehildreii have come to brighten 354 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tlieir home, l)ul two died in infancy; those sur- viving are: Pearl .T. and Mabel. Mr. and Mrs. Rose are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Rose is Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Stewards. Mrs. Rose is a Director in the Litchfield Library Association and also is one of the Grand Officers of the Order of the Eastern Star, a connection of the Masonic order. Such people as these make a city important in a county, and if all the citizens of Litchfield had its interests as much at heart as Mr. Rose and his estimable and capable wife, the city would soon be one of the first in this portion of the State. „ ^^<. ^-« c^_ 'if GUN I5URKIIARDT. We who have been born under the most advantageous circum- stances of American life, enjoying the prin- ciples and freedom secured to us under our republican form of Government, feel a pecu- liar fraternity for representatives of the Swiss nation, that republic which is now the oldest in existence, and we feel a pride in the stories of Tell and the loyal mountaineers who would yield no obeisance to the jUistrians. The farmer of whom we write, and who now resides in the town of So- rento, was born in Switzerland, Canton of Berne, November 17, 1841. .Tohn Burkhardt is a son of Peter and Kate (Martin) Burkhardt. His father, who was an hotel- keeper in the Old Country, died when he was but a child of three years, after wliich he became an inmate of an uncle's home. Up to his sixteenth year he attended school, and there gained a good ])ractieal education. When but a boy, he entered a clothing house in order to learn the business, and with the restlessness of j-outh he determined to seek new fields in which to make his fortune. In 1857 he came to America, borrowing the money to pay his expenses. He at once proceeded to Bond County, and here remained for two years; then, in 1859, he crossed the plains to Pike's Peak, thence going to Calif<_iriiia. There he engaged in the min- ing business for five years, and made a small for- tune, liut, as was often the case, he was finally left with InU a mere pittance, having been beaten out of his earnings by his partners. Sickening of camp life, he returned to Bond County via the Isthmus and New York, and was for a time employed on a farm, and then became ijrojirietor of a cider fac- tory, in which he made some money. Our subject finally purchased forty acres of land adjoining the town of Greenville. This he sold, with a handsome profit, at $100 per acre. In 1876, he married Miss Augusta Siemens, daughter of the late Christian Siemens, of Sorento, and im- mediately after the marriage the couple settled on a large farm near Greenville. Mr. Burkhardt was engaged in agricultural work until 1883, when he came to Sorento and built the large hotel known as The Southern, and which he still owns. This he ran until a year ago, when he went to live on a fine farm inherited by his wife at her father's death. Since coming here he lias rented his hotel prop- erty, which brings him a comfortable income. Of the seven children boin to Mr. and Mrs. Burk- hardt, only five are living: Johnnie, Ida, Arthur, Albert and Winnie. All are being educated in the schools at Sorento. Robeit E. and Eslella W. are deceased. Mr. Burkhardt is a Republican of the most pronounced kind. Sociall}', he is identified with the Modern Woodmen. In church matters, he and his family attend the German-Lutheran Church. u ir^ILLIAM SIECK. This prominent and wealthy German-American farmer of B(>nd ^yfl County is located in La (irange Township on a fine farm, which his own untiring industiy has gained for him. He was boin in the prov- ince of Hanover, Germany, March 4, 1830. After attending the common schools of his native place, at the age of fourteen he commenced to learn the tailor's trade, to which he served an ap- ineuticcshii) of four years. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Accordinsf to the cuslom of his country, Mr. Sieck Mfuked fur three ypfn's as ;\ joiirneyinnn, and then re^olved to come t(.i America. Tlie city of Baltimore was reached July .'5, 185;), after which he proceeded to AVashin<>ton, I). C, and there worked at his trade as a journey man for about six years. Meanwhile he saved enough money to [lurchase a tailor shop in that city, a fact which spoke well for his thrift and economy. His money, amounting' to some ><'M), which he liad saved f(n' a beginning in the New World, was stolen from him on tiie way over, and he was in a penniless condition when he reached tlie.se sliores. The tailoring business which our suliject con- ducted in Washington was very successful, and he hart a large and lucrative trade, numbering among his patrons some of tiie best-dressed public men of the day — Jefferson Davis, Stephen A. Douglas, and many senators, congressmen and niemliers of the marine corps. Our subject was married in the cilyof >\ashing- tou to Miss Catherine Kaiser, who was boiu in the province of Hesse, (-lermany, and came to Amer- ica in liSTil. They became the parents of six chil- dren, as follows: Louise, August, William J., Sabrina (fths. White), Henry and Charley. In 1880, our subject sold out his business in Wash- ington and, coming West to Hlinois. bought his pre.seut farm of three hundred and lifty-li\e acres, whicii he made his home. He has spent several thou.sand dollars in improvements here and has one of the liuest farms in the county. His stock and horses bring him prolitable returns, and he sells many hogs. His land, in the perfect state of cultivation to which he hfis brought it. yields large crops of grain. Our subject was reared a Lutheran and still belongs to that church, and has .always liberally c(Mitributed to its supjxirt. In liis political opin- ions, he is a J{epublican, having early decided i that the in-inciples enunciated by that party were most in accordance with his views. Although I still cherishing a warm fei'ling for his native land, he has become thoroughly Americanized. His | fellow-citizens have several times elected him Road Commissioner, and so popular is he with his neighbors tiiat in 1888 he was offered the nomi- nation of Hepreseutative, but he would not ac(;cpt. Among tlie residents of the town.ship none are more highly regarded for the sterling trails of character which make up a good citizen, kind neighbor and Christian man, than the original of this sketch. He has shown what one man can accolnpli^ll by hard work and close attention to whatever he m;iy have in hand, and what man has done there is alvv.ays ;i chance for man to do again. F. WEAVER, a prominent citizen of N(.i- ( @/ul l komis, 111., was liorn in jMadison County, (1) this State, near l''-dwardsville, September 8, 1838, a son of John and Anna M.ariah (Ilandshy) Weaver, and a grandson ol John Weaver, who came to America from Switzerland in 1801, settlingin Fairfield County, Ohio, near Lan- caster. Here John Weaver, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 181(i, his father having died just prior to his biith. Henry Ilandshy, the grandfather on the mother's side, also came from Switzerland, in 1 8(18, and located at Harper's Ferry, Md.. where his daughter, Anna Mariali, was Iiorn in IS 11. ill IS.'i;?, she liecame a resident of ALidi- son County. III., and the foUovving year Mr. Weaver located there, their marriage taking place in 183G. The mother died on the 4th of .Inly, 1891, at the advanced age of eighty years, but the father is still a resident of Madison County, near where lu' settled more than half a century ago. He has now attained the age of seventy-six years. A. F. Weaver was born and reared on a f.arm, and grew up as dirigade. Third Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded by Gen. A. J. Smith. He was in the expedition led by Gen. Sherman in Feb- ruary, 1864, against Meridian, Miss., and was a participant in several severe skirmishes, quite a severe battle being fought near Jackson, Miss. The enemy were driven out of Meridian, and the place was captured, and after destroying the railroads and other property, they returned to Vicksburg early in March, and then the command to whicii he belonged was sent down to the river to join Gen. Banks m an expedition up tiie Red River. They were to meet him at Alexandria, but finding the river blockaded they disembarked at Simsport, and marched across the countrj' to the rear of Ft. DeKusy, where they engaged the enemy and cap- tured the fort and some twelve or fourteen pieces of artillery, together with a number of prisoners and a large amount of commissary stores. Tliev then proceeded to Alexandria, where they were soon joined by Banks and his army, after wiiich they proceeded up the river and marched in tlie direction of Shreveport, La. Mr. Weaver's brigade guarded the rear of Banks' army, and on the 8th of April engaged the enemy at Mansfield, after which it covered Banks' retreat down the river, beating back the enemj- at Yellow liayou and other points. This expedition lasted for seventy-six days, and during sixty-six days of this time his command was under the ene- my's fire. They next started on an expedition under (len. Smith to Tupelo, ISIiss., where they met and defeated Forrest's army, after whicli they went to Memphis, and a short time later st.irted for Hoiiy Springs, tlience went Soutli to Ox- ford. They were soon ordered back to Memphis, and up tlie river to Cairo, thence t^i St. Louis, af- ter which they were in different parts of Missouri looking after the rebels under Gen. Price. They met him at Fianklin. diove him out of the place, and followed iiim across tlie State, then gave up the cliase and returned to St. Louis. They then took passage on board boats for Nashville, to join Gen. Thomas, where they arrived December 1, 1864, and on the 15th they attacked Gen. Hood, the command to which Mr. Weaver belonged mak- ing tiie advance; the first shot from the rebels' guns i)assed directly under Mr. AVeaver's foot as he was in the act of taking a step. The second day's figiit resulted in the routing of Hood, after whicli they camped at Eastport, Miss., fora month, and about the 1st of Februarj-, 1865, they em- barked on transports for Cairo, from which they went to New Orleans. In that city they camped on the old battleground of New Orleans of the War of 1812, and in the latter part of March they joined Gen. Canby at Mobile Bay, and assisted liim in destroying Spanish Fort and Ft. Blakely. They next went to Montgomery, Ala., but after two days' marching received the joyful news that Lee had surrendered. They tlien went to Montgomery, where they remained until .July 16, 1865, when they were ordered to Springfield to be mustered out, and on August 10 were discharged. Our subject at once returned to Madison County, 111., and the following .Tanuary, 1866, he was mar- ried to Miss Martha A. Dunn, of Zanesville, Ohio, after which he farmed in that county for two years. Since then he has been a resident of IMont- gomery County, and is the owner of a good farm near Nokomis, which he tilled for about fifteen years, then removed to town and opened a mer- cantile establishment, but retired from this busi- ness, and for the past two years has been engaged in the insurance business in addition to looking after his farm, which consists of two hundred and forty acres. He owns sixty acres near No- komis, where his fine residence is located. He has been a life-long Democrat, and has filled a number of local offices. He is a Mason, and for many years has been Secretary of his lodge. He and his wife became the parents of the follo'wing children: Lorena, wife of G. VV. Churchill, Jr., of Godfrey, ill.; Winnie, Dunn, Ilattie, Earl and Harry. Two PORTRAIT AND BTOGRAPIIICAL RECORD. 359 children died in infancy. Mr. Weaver is a well- known and highly honored man of business, and his npriyht walk throuoh life has won him numer- ous fiiends. His war record was a very honorable and clean one. and naught, has ever been said de- rogatory to' his honor. Dunn, a boy of lifteen years, has lieen .'ittending school since the age of six years, and during that time has been al)sentsix days, and never tardy. Ilattic h.as a record equally good — during her seven years of school-life she has ))een absent live da\s. and tardv once. i:a;' ^@l^l^^^ Wll ^' R. GUM, a retired farmer of Bond County, 111., and now a valued resident of Old Rip- ley, has dev(_>t('ter twx) _\ears ago. The duties of his office have been discharged in a most acceptable manner, and he numbers his friends b\- the score. SIMEON W. Hri5P.ARD,a i)rominent farmer and a man well known all over thecount\', is the subject (it the present sketch. He was Ijorn on his present farm August 7, LS12,and his father w.as Philij) Hubbard, who was a native of North Carolina, and his grandfather also, as far as known, was a native of the old North State. The fauiily were ciriginally from England, and the grandfallier died here. The father of our subject came here when the countrv was unsettled, in 1827, having made the journev bs' wagon. He entered land just west of this farm, and here built a log cabin, and lived in it with only a ground tloor. Later, he sold this place, and entered his present farm from the (iov- ernment, and upon this he built a hvg house. This was a rude dwelling, but it was comfortable with the hewed puncheon floor, and open fireplace with its mud and stick chimney. The Indians were nu- merous and wei'e often seen, and deer and wolves were abundant, and the latter could be heard at night, and very often killed the sheep of the settlers. Almost all of the trading was done in St. Louis, and very small was the sum received for the pro- duce. ]\Ir. Hubbard owned and mostly develojied two hundred and ninety acres of land, was a hard worker, and one who was always bu,>y. Later, he hauled the most of the goods to the (ireenville stores, and he was the one who hauled the stone for the old Methodist Church from St. Louis. He died at the age of sixty-live years, liis death occurring .hmuary 14, 18()2. He was a Democrat in his politics, and voted with that party. The mother of our subject was Emily Smith- wick, who was a native of North Carolina. She reared eight out of her eleven children: Eliza, now Mrs. Smith; .John i\I.: Eliz;ibeth, now INIrs. Gerry; John K.; Melvina, now Mrs. Etzler; Albert; Sim- eon; and Emily. The mother is still living in her eighty-ninth year. She endured all of the hard- ships of jiioneer life, and when younger spun all of the clothes worn by her fauiily. Our subject was reared here on the farm, and at- tended the Jiioneer log schoolhouse, with its slab benches with the pin legs, and obtained what edu- catitin he could in this [uimitive dwelling, as the terms were very short in those days. He remem- bers seeing deer and wolves in his boyhood, and has made the trip to St. Louis with grain many times. His father died when he was nineteen ye.ars of age, and the whole man.agement of the farm fell upon his young shoulders. l>'inally,he lioughl the rights of the other heirs, and became sole owner. The marriage of ^Ir. ilubbai'd took place Marcl' 30, 18(il, tf) Margaret K. l''loyd. who was born in Mills Township, in this connly, and one child was bom to them, Ol lie, who is the wife of (Tcorge (irube. Mr. Hubbard h.-is two hundred and eleven acres of iuiproved land, and has carried on mixed farming and stdck-raising. He has bought and shipped stock for the past twenty-liv(^ years. IIisi)laces of shipment .are Chicago and Indianapolis. He is well known all over the county, and has been a 362 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. witness of the most of the development that has taken place. Mrs. Hubbard is a member of the Methodist Church and an excellent lad^-. In politics, Mr. Hubliard is a Democrat, and was a cniididatc for Sheriff of Bond County in 1886, and, allhiiuiih llie county was four hundred votes Kcpublican, our subject was defeated by only one hundred and seven votes. He has served as School Trustee for three terms, and is a man well thought of in his neighborhood. His farm and imuse are in fine condition and show i)rosperity upon the face of them. / ^^ ■x in County in 1802, and died there four 3-ears later. The brothers and sisters who gathered together in the old homestead were Harvey Rush, the eld- est, who died when he was twenty-one 3'ears of age; Rachael D., now residing near Dall.as, Tex., married William McGahey, who died during tlie Civil War while at the front caring for his soldier son, who was sick m the hospital in which the father himself, struck down by sudden illness, breathed his last; Margaret, who married William Robinson, and died two years later, leaving one child; Mary, who married .lefferson McCormack, died after four years of wedded life, and left no issue; Marcus D. Laf.ayette, a ranchman, wealthy and energetic, who lives near Dallas, Tex.; Casjier (Trundy, also a resident of Dallas. Tex.; Emory, also an influential ranchman, located 111 the same vicinity; Isabella, the wife of William Senter. who died in Texas, leaving three children. The youngest sister was scalded to death, when only two years of age, by pulling down a [lot of lioiling coffee from the stove. The youngest brother was a Captain in the Ccmfederate army during the late war. After the death of his father, Mr. (iraccy went to Macoupin County to live, and in 1854 married jNIiss Sarah .1., daughter of James and IMargaret (McLean) McGahey, who settled in Illinois in 1826, having removed liithor from their native State, North Carolina. .Mr. Gracey (inally returned to Bond County, with his wife, and is located PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 363 on the valiuible liomestoafl wliere he and liis fam- ily nciw ivsidf. INIr. and Mrs. (4raecy have had live eliildivn: Edward 1'., a proininent iiuiiber mercliant of Surcntu; James R., a prosperous S'toelv-raiser. residing in Hall Ct)iuitv, Tex.; Ada A., the wife of Dr. X. H. Jackson, a well-known physician of Greenville; Dora, the widow of Her- man Siemens; and Delia Mary, a teacher in the public schools of Sorento, and a graduate of Alniira College, in (ireenville. 111. These sons and daughters of our subject all occupy honorable and intluential |)Ositions, and have the respect and confidence of the coirmunity in which they were raised and carefully trained to becume useful and u|)right citizens. William (iraeey, his ancestors and descendants, were and are stanch Democrats, and although not politicians, in the ordinary accej^tation <_if the term, are all interested in the conduct of public olHce, both National and local. .Mr. Gracey is a valued member of tlie Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and together with his family has mate- rially aided in extending the good work and influ- ence of the organization. ^-t »'^^ns he and his family are Roman Catholics and are as devoted as the people of this church usually arc. l^-f^l (^_ "^''OIIN H. GORDON, .^I. I). In tiie town of Pocahontas resides one of the best-known physicians in the county of liond. lie has reached the age of lifty years and now occu- pies a position in the medical world which is most desiralile and gratifying, as his ()pinion is consid- ered convincing by his medical l)retliien, and his skill is recognized by patients throughout the Slate. This position has not been gained without effort, for Dr. (iordon has been a close student for many years, in order to cpialify himself for any ca.oiiis, was conferred u[)on him, on ac- count of his having so many sons in the profession, there being seven at that time. At the age of six months, our subject was taken from Alabama to Mississippi, where he resided with his parents until he was six years c>ld, and then he removed with them to Russellville, Ark., where he grew to matur- ity. He attended school there until the age of fourteen years, wIkmi lie entered his father's oflice for the purpose of studying medicine, and read with Ins father until he was nineteen years old. After niniriage, our subject practiced three years with Dr. lirigham, a leading physician of Ar- kans.as. In August, 18() I, he moved here, and in October of that ye.ar he eiiterenckner IIagood,.Tr., wasl)orn in South Carolina, .ind Ins grandfather, Buckner Ilagood, Sr., was supposed to be a native of the Pine Tree State. Rosanna Ilagood, our subject's grand- mother, was of Irish birth and came to America when thirteen years of age. The mother of our sub- ject bore the maiden name of Pollen Padeu, and was born in South Carolina in 178H. Her father, .John Paden, was also a native of South Carolina, and sojourned during almost his entire life in his early iionie. The i>areiits of our subject were united in mar- riage in Todd County, Ky., and there settled on a farm. 15uckuer Ilagood died in 1837 or l,s;i,s, and was buried from the old homestead to which he had brought his bride so many years before. He and his wife became the parents of four childrcui, but two died in infancy. John was a babe of eigh- teen months when he died; Thoin.as jiassed away when about one year old. James S. died in 187(>, leaving our subject the sole representative of ;ui honest family and honored name. When, in 1838, the widowed mother removed with her two sons to Montgomery County, Jll., Robert was thirteen > ears old and a manly, earnest l.ioy. He received instruction in the schools of his new home, and did such work as he found to do. He remained with his mother until her death, and then he and his brother stayed for some time in the lonely house. This provi^l a very unsatisfactory method of hoiisekce|.)- ing, and in December, 1872, Robert B. and Miss Esther Hughes were united in marriage. Mrs. Ilagood is a pleasing lad^' of lovely character and was born in Ross County, ( )hio, March 23, 1 831). Her parents gave her the advantages obtainable in their neighborhood and she was well fitted to make the home of her husband a ha|)py one. Mr. and Mrs. Hagood became the parents rogiessive hab- its, has done much to improve the farming inter- ests of this section. He is not only prominent as a tiller of the soil, but as a citizen and neighbor is held in the highest esteem. He has one of the linest and best improved farms of Montgomery County and Is one of its wealthiest and most in- tUiential men. He is a native of the Buckeye State, and w.as born in Tuscarawas County, Octo- ber 1;"), 1854, being the youngest of three children born to A. L. and Jlaiy A. (Beicheiiot ) Bour- qiiin. The father was born in Switzerland, near the French frontier, August 20, 1809, and continued to reside there until 1837, when the advantages to be derived from a residence in America induced him to emigrate to the United States. He crossed the ocean and located in Ohio, where he soou RES, or MS5.HLLEN M . D AViS , 5EC. iO.,5H0AL CRCCK TP BOND CO,, ILL. "^ ': ^nffii^KBiRk, •'"- f:"' "T T^r-pT:^ ri*i>ri iw T V rr^affife fe^ :ii'i*ii^h i i ^i' ii V w '' ' '*f"i i ^'^' ; « i i a{a «fe » >Si» S7 V" /ni> StW^' RES. OF ABRAM BOURQU 1 N , SEC . 58. NO KOM IS TP. MONTGCM ERY C0.,1LL. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 373 Miiiasiserl a foitiuie. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary A. Bciciienot. was a native of France, but cnine to tliis eovintry early in life. Siie died in 1857, when onr subject was about tiiree years of ai;c. Ml-. Bourquin [lassed away on tiie farm ill Ohio wliere lie liad tirst settled, April 21, l.s7;). lie was a worthy and mueh-esteemed citizen. By industry and close attention to his chosen occupa- tion he had gathered around him many (if the comforts of life, and at the time of his death loft a competency. The suliject of this sketch, being the son (if wealthy [larents, received every .-idvantage for a good education, and can read, write and s[iealv the French and English languages with e(iual tlueucy. When twenty-one 3'ears of age he was ainliitious to start out to " hoe his own row " in life, and had no d(^sire to fall back on his wealthy parents for a start. lie came to the Prairie State, and for a time was engaged in a sewer-|iipe manutactory. Later, he went to wtirk on a farm, but when his father died, in 1.S7'.), he came into [lossession (if one- third of the estate, which gave him a goodly for- tune. Soon after this he liought his line farm of four hundred acres, near iS'okomis, began improv- ing and devehiping it, and now has one of the best estates in Montgomery County. He liuill his elegant residence, one of the best in the county, in ]8.S«, and everything about the place indicates the (iwner to be a man vf energy and ambition. It must not he inferred that Mr. B(iur(iuin, having inherited a fortune, is engaged in spending it, for this is far fn.im the truth. He is one of the most pushing and ambitious farmers of the county, and has steadily increased his fortune from the start. Edward, the brother of (lur subject, is a promi- nent merchant of Indeiiendence, Kan., and his sister Adellie is the wife of Uenjaniin .1. Rickets, of Colorado. In l.S!S2, 'Sly. BiuuMpiin made an ex- tended European tour, visiting England, Scot- land, France, liwitzeiiand, (iermany, Italy, and other countries. A\'hile tr:i\'cling thrdugh Switz- eiland he was iin)iressed with the beauty of the Swiss cattle, and after returning to this country purchased a small herd. He has made a great suc- cess ill breeding them, and two of his thorough- bred cows, at the blooded stock show in Chicago, took the premium for making a greater amount of butter in one and thiee days than any cows in this country, that is, in a luiblic test. As his is one of tin' few herds of this stock in the country, Mr. Bourijuin is very proud of it. (»ui- subjec't is a strong adv'ocate of the jirinci- ples of tli(> Repnlilican party, as was his father, but he has too much to do on his extensive farm to gi\'e much (if his attentinn to pdlitical matters. He w.as married in IHSC to ^liss Augusta Cagnet, a native (if Wayne Count-y, (_)hio, but of French ancestry. One child has blessed this uiiidii, a liright little girl, .lessie, wlm is now abdut live \eais of age. ,ELOS VAN DEIJSEN, Cashier of the jj) Beach, Davis & Co. Bank, is one of the prominent men of the little city of Litch- field, 111. He holds the pdsitidii (if Presi- dent of the School Board, and is in every w.ay a gentleman whose; sketch it gives us (ileasure to place in this Kkciiuh. Mi'. \'an Deuseii was born in Allegany County, N. Y., December '.t, lH2.'i, and was the son of .Tosliua B. and Lucia ((irds- venor) \;\\\ Deuseii, who were of Dutch and iMiglish descent respectively, and whose ancestors were, perhaps, some of the worthy burghers who assisted bluff old Peter Stuyvesant to establish the Dutch race in New York. The mother of our subject was a memlier of one of the best-known families in the Em [lire State. When our subject was three years old, the fam- ily moved t(i .lamestdwn, N. Y., and there he was reare(l and educati'(l and there he suffered the loss of his kind father. In IMIG, he went to Daytdii, Ohio, and at that place began the boot, shoe and leather business, and this prdved so remun- erative' that he coutinueil at it until IS.')7. In this city of Ohio, he married Miss Henrietta M. Snyder, February I'J, IS.")2, daughter of Charles and Elizabi^th Snyder, of Dayton, Ohio, and in 11S57 he took a trip of observation through the 374 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORB. State of Illinois, and flecif1eoiid County on the 1 1th of November, 1812. He assi>ted his father on the farm until twenty-one years of age and received a fair education in the common schools. In 18(11, he l)egaii working by the iiHintli on a farm for his uncle, Janie.> B. Me- David, and I'ontiiuied with him until 1 8(;.'i, when he enlisted in Company K, Third Illinois Cavalry, which was stationed at East port. Miss. Aboutone month later, (ien. Let^s army surrendered and our subject's command was sent to Jlinnesota and Da- j kota to fight the Indians. There he remained a little over seven months, and on the ^TTlth of Sep- tember, 18()r), they were mustered out at Ft. Snell- ing, iNIinn., and discharged at Springfield, III., on the mth of October, XHC,;,. Kctnrning to Montgomery- County, our subject entered the school room as a teacher and folhjwed this very successfully for alioiit twenty-live \eai's, in the meantime attending Hillsboro Acadcinv. In 18()1, he had attended the M(. Zion Seminaiy for one term, the summer |irior to his I'litering the , army. In September, I8',MI, he embarked in the j coal business and is now Secretary of the Cotfeeii 376 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. & Copps Compan}', at Coflfeen, and also the Treas- urer of the eompau.y. Tliis company employs on an average about seventy-five men and is doing a rushing- business. On tiie 31st of August, 1870, Jlr. McDavid mar- ried jNIiss S. A. Mitchell, a native of J\Iissouri,born in Monroe County, and reared in Macon County, and to them liave been born four children, two daugliters and two sons. The eldest died in infancy; Martha C. died when seven years of age; L. S. and James M. Socially, Mr. McDavid is a member of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association, ]\I«dern AVoodmen of America and Lodge No. 368, K. of P., of Coffeen. Our subject is a'Democratbut was a Re- publican until Grover Cleveland was nominated. He has been Township Cleric for East Fork Town- ship three terras. Supervisor three years, and Cliair- man of the Board the last year. He was Superin- tendent and President of the Village Board in 1891, and is now Trustee or Alderman of tlie city. He was School Tre.isiirer in East Fork Townsliip for ten years. ■-^i '^^( the mines, which have an output of two hundred and fifty tons per day, anil fuinish steady employment to ninety men. In 187(1, our snbjee-tniarried a St. Louis lady, ]\Iiss Henrietta liitlci', and (he children have brought sunshine into their lioinc. Death has claimed one. the survivors being Ilattie, Lulu, William and I.orena. They are bright young l)eople, and favorites with all who know them. William Kortkam|) came of good sturdy stock. His ancestors had won their w.ay by patient indus- try. His father, Frederick Kortkain]), a native of Prussia, emigiated to this country when a young man. Drifting to llallimore, he was given work by .lames liuchanan, who employed him as '• boss" of teams on the turnpike road and canal. A longing to build up his fortunes more rapidl\- in- duced the ambitious emigrant to move farther ^\'est. His next residence and first real home in this country was in Southein Illinois, alioiit two miles from Alton, in which city he married and settled on a farm he had purchased of Senator I)e Wolfe, a celebrated lawyer in that section of the country. Frederick Kortkamp eviilently preferred other W'ork lo agricultural pursuits, as he left the farm and removed to St. Louis, where he engaged in the wood and coal business. While yet in the prime of manhood, and but lifty years of age, he died. The iiKjlher of our subject bore the maiden name of Mary (ialues. She was liorn in Baden, Prussia, and being left an orphan at an early age, liad no ties to bind lier to the Fatherland, so crossed the ocean to try her fortunes in the New World. She was living at Senator DeWolfe's when she made the acquaintance of Mr. Kortkamp. She became the nuither of six ehildien. two of whom died in eaily childhood, and four are now living, all residents of Ilillsboro. Our subject is the eldest of the brothers, 380 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPIilCAL RECORD. Willinm, Carl, Louis and Frederick Kortkanip, who are widely known and highly respected throughout the county. Adolph Kortkamp, the paternal grandfather, was a hardy, vigorous man, and could, at ninety years of age, saddle a iiorse as quickly as a young man. He was a Prussian and served as bugler in the army of that coun- try. A.I. ROBERT McWILLIAMS. There is an inspiration in the history of a success- ful man, whose aims and ambitions have been high, both to the youth who is strug- gling with adversity, and to serene maturity, who looks back with complaceiic.y over the experience of years fought jierhaps with parallel ditHculties and |)aiallel successes. These iiistories have a tonic effect, that is wholesome to all ckasses and condi- tions. Our subject, Maj. Robert McWilliams, is one who, gifted only with a sturdy constitution and an indomitalile and persistent will, has made malleable the adverse circumstances of life and molded therefrom gracious success. Maj. McWilliams is a native of Dalton, Ohio, where he was born on the l'2th of March, 1830. When a mere lad he was thrown upon his own re- sources and became an apprentice, when in his sixteenth year, to a tailor in his native town. A 3'ear, however, sufliced his ambition in this direc- tion and he ran away and started into business in the tailoring line for himself in Bloomfield, Ohio. His restive nature, however, could not long en- dure such continement, and he w,as beginning to keenl}' feel his lack of education. To feel his need of an education was with our subject to begin to lectify that wrong. By close IK-rsonal application he jMcpared himself for col- lege at Hayesville, Ohio, and by constant study lie soon attained a high place in the school. He then embarked as a teacher, and with liis earnings from tiiis source was enaljled to prosecute his studies in the law, to which he had given Ins allegiance. He entered the office of Messrs. James Mathews and William Stone, at Coshocton, Ohio. Here he studied summers and taugiit during the winters in order to defray his ex|)enses. After being admitted to the Bar at Akron, Ohio, our subject cast about for a place where his knowl- edge of Blackstone and legal acumen would be appreciated. He settled upon Sullivan, 111., and there remained lor eighteen months, probably de- veloping more patience than pr,actice during the time. Thence he removed to Shelbyville. Our subject's first iiartnership was formed with Mr. Anthony Thornton, of Shelbyville, during which time they enjoyed the most practice in the county. The future looked veiy promising to the young man. At this period in our subject "s history, thecoun- try was in the throes of internecine conflict, and the young man, with all the ardor of his nature, threw personal prospects to the wind, assumed the paraphernalia of a soldier and advanced to the front. On first closing his law otKce at Hillsboro, in the spring of 1862, Robert McWilliams set to work to influence enlistments, and in a short time w.as the happy instrument of organizing three com- panies of infantry, who rendezvoused at a place named in honor of our subject Camp JlcWilliams. On the organization of Company B, which after- ward formed part of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Illinois Infantry, commanded by Col. Risdon Moore, Mr. McAVilliams was elected Cap- tain of this company and proceeded with his regi- ment shortly after to Memphis, Tenn. There the regiment remained until .Taiuiary, 1864. It was subsequently sent to Meridian, Miss., and from that point was placed on transports for the pur- pose of accompanying Gen. Banks on his famous expedition up Red River. The object of this ex- pedition having been accomplished, the One Hun- dred and .Seventeenth was ordered to return to Memphis, and at this place our subject was com- missioned as Major of his regiment. During the service following the advancement of Capt. McWilliams to the position of Major, he was ordered to Tupelo and Oxford, Miss., thence to St. Louis, Mo., and from that i)lace to Tennes- see, where his regiment took part in the battle of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 381 Nashville. Frtun tlic latter point the regiiiient was ordered to Kastfjort, Miss. At tiie last-named place Maj. McWilliams tendered his resignation, wliieli was accepted, and Ik; returned to Moiitgoni- erv County, this State, where lie resumed his prac- tice. Elsewhere a more detailed account of the Major's inilitary experience has been given, and we will con.seqnentl y conline ourselves ni<.)re to his civil service. At the present time, Maj. iNIcAVilliains is alily as- sisted in his legal work by his son, who is an elli- ciciit partner, inheriting much of liis father's bril- liancy and legal acumen. The Major lias en- joyed association with many distinguished legal contenii)oraries. At different times he has been a co-partner with the following gentlomen, whose records arc well known throughout tlic State: James Sturgess. (ieorge A. Talley and .ludge Lewis Allen. Vvv a iiiimber of terms Maj. McWilliams has been City Attorney, and from 1878 until 1880 served as Jlaster in Chancery, and was elected on the Republican ticket to the Legislature of the State of Illinois. The gentleman of whom we write has been in- terested in all the progressive movements that have effected the town of his residence. He was one of the original stockholders of the Litchfield Car Company, and also in the Litchfield (i.as and Coal- oil Company. Later, he became identified with the Coal and Electric Light and Power Company, and also in the Water Supi)ly Company. He is con- sidered one of the financial mainstaj's of the city, and for a long time has been a Director of the Beach, Davis & Co.'s Hank. ^Many of the more conspicuous improvements in tlie city in the build- ing line are directly tracealile to him. He has dealt largely in real estate, and while so interested was for several years a partner of 1). O. Seltlemire. Maj. McWilliams' name appears in connection with all prominent affairs of his cOunty. lie has been a very energetic member of the Litchfield Agricultural Society for some time. Socially, he is a Royal Arch member of the Masonic order, hi his religious views he has identified him>elf with the Presbyterian Church. Our subject has been ably seconded in all his private and public enterprises by the encour- agement of his wife, to whom he was united in matrimony on the 18th of October, 1865. She was a IMiss Jlary Allen, daughter of Benjamin Allen, Es(|., of Litchtield. The three children that have gracecl their home are named as follows: Ben, (Iraceand Paul. The first-named is. as above stated, a partner in his fathei-'s law office, while the younger son is a clerk in Litchfield. Ben Mc- Williams is at the present time serving as City Attorney, to which office he was appointed for the third term in April of 1892. (Ti-ace is an accom- plished musician and a talented young lady and resides with her parents. The young lawyer whose prospects are so bright is a native of Montgomery County, where he was born December 27, 18(j(5. He finished his education at the State rniversity at Champaign, wliither he went from the college at .lackson ville. After his university career he read law with his fatlu'r, and was then in theotlice of Leonard Swett, of Chicago, for a little over two years. While there he attended the Union Col- lege Law School, and in 1K8M captured the degree of LL. 15., when he located in this city and has since been connected with his father. He is now a member of the Litchfield Library lloard, having been appointed to this position by the City Coun- cil. The Major is a stalwart Hepublican, always found at his post in su|iporl of the |)rini-i|)les pro- mulgated by the party, which arealways embodied in their platform. 3^C. f^ [^_ ~® R( )F. L( »TT PENNINGTON. Among the J, ncwsiiaiier men of Montgomeiy County, III., who are planning so wisely to help _ forward the interests of their section in the future, we are ])leased to mention Prof. Lott Pennington. Thisgentleman is the proprietor and editor of tlie ^rcrcury. of Coffeen, which paper was established on the .30tli of .Inne, 1!S!)2, and he now has it in Hrst-chiss condition and good work- ing order. Integrity, intelligence and system are characteristics which will advance the interests of 382 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArHlCAL RECORD. any man and will lend to the prosperitj' to which all aspire. Such are some of the traits of the gen- tleman mentioned above, who is now a resident of the thriving village of Coffeen. Prof. Pennington was originally from New Jersey, born in Somer- set County, July 22, 1842, and his father, James Pennington, was born in the same county and State. The father followed the occupation of a farmer and met with substantial results in this pursuit. He married Miss Elizabeth Richards, a native of AV.ales, who came when a small child to America and .settled in New Jersey. Eleven children were born to this union, four sons and seven daughters, all of whom grew to mature j'ears. Mr. Pennington was a descendant of Scotch ancestors, and inherited much of their thrift and enterprise, the same char- acteristics having descended to his son, the subject of this sketch, who was tenth in order of birth of the above-mentioned children, and the fourth son_ When but fifteen years of age, or in 1857, ^oung Pennington came to Jersey County, 111., but pre- vious to that be had received a good practical education in the schools of his native county. After reaching the Prairie State, he attended school at Bunker Hill and Rock River Seminary. After this, he started out as a school teacher and followed this occupation very successfully for twenty years, becoming quite noted as an educator. He held the position of Superintendent of Schools of Jersey County for nine years, and during that time did much to advance the educational inter- ests of the community. As a man of sterling integrity and an earnest, conscientious, progressive educator, he ranked high, and for manv ^ears was connected with the schools t>f Illinois. In 1888, he came to Montgomery County, 111 , and located at Raymond, where he remained until 1 891, when he came to Coffeen. On the 30th of .Tunc, 1892, he started his i)aper, which already has a good circulation. After locating here, Mr. Pennington was Principal of the schools of Coffeen for some time, and, as usual, met with the best of success. In December, 11SG3, he was married to Miss Rebecca A. Kue, a native of Jersey County, III., and six children have been born to this union, four sons and two daughters, as follows: George R., Herbert, Kate E., .Jesse J.. Frank and Edith Ray. Prof. Pennington is a Democrat in his po- litical views, and while a resident of Jersey County was one of the leaders of his party. He has shown his appreciation of secret organizations b}' becoming a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. Prof. Pennington has a plain but forcible manner in appealing to public sentiment, which makes him one of the people as an integer, and which would elevate him politically if he possessed the cheek of the average office-seeker, but being built on a more modest plane, it works to his disadvan- tage in holding office, though probably leaving him free to follow the pursuits which are more to his taste. L. VEST, a iirominent farmer of Mulberry Grove Township, resides on section 35, Bond County, III. He was born in Alabama, September 9, 1825, and was the son of Rev. James Vest, a native of Tennessee, born in 1801, who was reared in that State but went to Ohio when a young man. He there married Plicebe Corwin, born in the year 1796, a native (jf that State, and a second cousin to Tom Corwin. Iler father was a soldier of the Revolutionary War. The Kev'. ]\Ir. Vest and wife removed to Dayton, Ohio, and then to the State of Alabama, and from there to Indiana, where they remained thirteen years. In 1839 tlie^' came to Bond County, 111. The father was a minis- ter of the Southern Illinois Conference of the Me- thodist Episcopal Cliiucli, and died in Mascoutah, St. Clair County, in 1856, and was buried at Leb- anon, III., in the Ministers' Cemetery. The mother of our subject, after her husband's death, lived quietly at Mulberry Grove, and died at the age of seventy-two years. Five sons and as many daughters had been born to them, and four sons and one daughter grew to maturity, but three of this family are all that now remain. Mr. Vest is the third child and son of the fani- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 383 ily, and his first scliool experience was at Faii'- view, wliere iii:> father liart been induced to talce chaige of the school in a log house. Our .sul)iect".s education was finished at JNIcKendree College, at Lebanon, 111., and so thorough had been liis train- ing that at tlie age of twenty-two years lie was considered an excellent teacher. The career of an instructor lie continued for thirty years, although part of the lime he carried on farming during tlie sumiiier and leaching during llie winter. Septem- ber l.'i, 18411, was the date of his marriage to Miss Nancy, the daughter of Rev. .James B. Woolard, who was born in ]Maury County-, Tenii., February' '22, 1828. The last-named peri-oii was born December 17, 18(11, in North Carolina, and was reared in Ten- nessee, where he became a Methodist minister and joined the Southern Illinois Conference. He be- came one of the most prominent ministers in the country, w.as a good singer, aud this aided him greatly in carrying on his revivals. IMr. Wotilard came to (ireenville in 1821>, and located on the same [ilace where our subject now lives, and in 1834 joined the Conference. Ill 18G2, Mr. Wocilard was made Chaplain of the One Hundred and Kleveutli Illinois In- fantry. He was well known in llie churcli, a hard worker, and a man that did a great deal of good. His life ended May .">, 1887, and he w.as buried at Mulberry Crove. Through his iii- tlueuce the Hist schoolhonse was erected in tin; eastern part of the county, and his grave is now located in the schoolhonse yard. During the lilack Hawk War he was a soldier, and at one time was a member of the Legislature. In [lolitics, be- fore the war he was a Democrat, but after the war just as strong a Rciniblican and a strong temper- ance man. The father of Mr. AVoolard was Wil- longhby Woolard, a native of Ncuth Carolina, who went into the Revolutionary army at the age of sixteen; and his father was .Tolin Woolard, also a native of North Carolina, of Welsh descent. ]\Ls. \'cst's mother was Mary McCurley, .a native of Kentucky, l)orn March 21, 1805, and reared on a farm. She lived until 1K83. Her fatlier, the grandfather of iNL's. Vest, was Abraham McCurley, and her (irandfather P>rown was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, 31rs, \'est's father and mother were the parents of six children, all of whom lived and grew to maturity. They all had families,- and all of the granilchildren were born before there was a death in the family. Mrs. A'est was the eldest child of her family, and the only one who was not born in l>ond County, and on the farm here she now lives. She was two \"ears old when she came to Bond County, and her first attendance at scho(.>l was when she was five years old, at a little log schoolhiiuse. She linished her education at Ilillsboro j^-adi'iny and then at Biackburu Seminary, at Carliiiville, 111., in 1840. Mrs, X'est taught two terms of school, and then married ,Iesse 1'. Ilenninger, and liad one son,.Te.sse 1'., who took |iail, in the late war. .Mr, and Mrs, \est are the parents of live children, viz,: Eu- gene W, was born Decemiier 17, 1 Si,')0, lie at- tended McKendree College at Lebanon, III., and also went to school in Creenville, and after that taught sehocil for several years, but now he is in the emjiloy of the Steel Range and Furnace C'onipany of St. Lfuiis.and is in the State of Washington, .\mericns 1), C. is the next child, and was born .Tuly 24, 1852. He completed his education at (ireenville, and is now engaged as engraver at Springfield, 111, Thomas A, was born December 8, l.srd, graduated at the High School of Greenville, and at the Law School in the Washington Univer- sity at St, Louis, and taught school here and in ('aliforniM.. lie is now in San Francisco, Cal., liracticing law, Alice X. was born Aiiril 24, LSfifi. finished her education at (4reenville, III., and taught four years in the publir schools of that |)lace. She married E, V, liuchanan, and re- sides at AVax'erly, 111, Mary E, was born Feb- ruary 7. l.S(i3, graduated at Green ville, and taught school until she married .1. W. Brown, a prominent lawyer of Evans\-ille, and they reside in (Green- ville. Mr. Brown was foi-nierly S[ie<'ial Pension I'^xauiiner at Washington. After marriage, in ISli), etle Counties. He lived eighteen years in Greenville, 384 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. previous to coming wbere he now resides. In 1889 lie bought the old homestead of Rev. .lames B. Woolard, and now has one of the prettiest places in Bond County. August 13. 1861, Mr. Vest enlisteci in C'omi)any C, Twenty-sixth In- fantry, under Col. Loomis, of Chicago. He was made Lieutenant of Company C, but on account of disability he resigned in 1862. For years Mr. A'est has been a Republican, but at present he votes with the Prohibitionists. While living in Greenville, he was an Alderman, and he served very creditably in that capacitj'. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since he was sixteen years old, is a prominent worker in the Sunday-school, of which he has been Superintendent, and has been Class-leader and Steward of the church. Mrs. Vest also is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which she has belonged since her eighth year. Both Mr. and Mrs. Vest are excellent peojile, and enjoy the respect and esteem of all who know them. %ANIEL P. MURPHY, a prominent and prosperous agriculturist and the owner of a fine farm just out of the thriving town of Xokoinis, 111., was l)0rn in the Emerald Isle in 1837, and is characterized by the geniality and large-heartedness for wliicli his countrymen are known. His native count}' is Kerry, and there his home continued to be until he was thir- teen \ oars of age, during wliicli time his educa- tional advantages were somewhat limited. In 1850, he immigrated to the United Stales with his parents, Daniel and .lohaniiali (Molarity) Murphy, and for a time thereafter they resided in New York State, then in Indiana, and linallv settled in Shelby County, Ohio, near Sidney, where the father purchased a small farm. .\s the family was far from rich, the earl\- advantages of Daniel P. Murphy wore far from being what was to be desired, but he realized the advantages to be de- rived from a good education and managed to ac- quire a fair knowledge of the rudimentary branches. At the age of twenty years, he entered the em- ploy of the Big Four Railroad, and for many years was section foreman at Bunker Hill and Litchfield, and later was stationed for ten years at Nokomis, where he was also foreman. He was very industrious and saving, and in 1877 he was enabled to purchase his first piece of land, which consisted of eighty acres and Is now a part of his fine homestead. This land was purchased for 115 per acre, and in 1884 he purchased the balance of his land, onto which he moved, and has since been tilling it in a manner that has won the attention and admiration of all. He has the satisfaction of knowing that his farm is a valuable one, beauti- fully and desirably located, and his residence a handsiime and well-appointed one, which desirable state of things has been brought about by his own persistence and industr\'. In May. 1872, he was married to Miss Ellen Scholard, by whom he had a family of ten chil- dren, whose names are as follows: John Francis, Daniel Joseph, Thomas William, Charles Leo, Albert Matthew, James Stanislas, Mary Julietta, Rose Helena, Katie Alvina and Maggie Agnes, all of whom have received good educational advan- tages which they did not fail to improve. The parents of Mr. ^[urpliy became well and favorably known in the vicinity in which they located in Shelby County, Ohio, and there their last days were spent, the mother dying in 1887, and the father in 1890, at the extremely advanced age of ninety-eight years. Of four children that came to this country, all are still living. John being a ma- chinist at rarsons, Kan. Patrick and his sister Bridget reside on the old lionieslead in Shelby County, Ohio. Mr. Murphy cast his first vote for Abraham l.iiicdln, later became connected with the Demo- cratic l>arty, and is now a member of the Farmers' Mutual P.enefit Association, or Third jiarty, al- though he is l)y no means a partisan. lie has never sought public preferment, for he has found that his farm completely occupies his time and attention, and that Ui give his nltention to any oilier pursuit would be at its expense. He has PORTRAIT ANT) r.KXJRAPII'CAL RECORD. 385 every reason to be proud of the wny he has woikeil himself up from the f^>ot of the ladder, but is not in the least btwstful of the way he has coii(|uered Dame Fortune; on the other iiand, is railier modest and uiuibtrusive. Sueh a eareer is well wiirlhy (.>f emulation. =si3'! H' vH 11^^ IIARLES R. TRUITT, editor and proprie- tor of the llillsboro Journal, is a resulentof the thriving- and enterprising town of llills- boro, Montgomery County, III., and is one of the representative men of that eity. His paper, which is a neat, newsy jdurual, is admirably supported by the people, and under his able management it has eome to be regarded as one of the leading journals in this section of the eountry, lie has been an earnest advocate of all public enterprises calculated to benefit the county, and through the columns of his journal has wielded no slight influ- ence in directing the steps to be taken for any worthy movement. ()ur subject was born in llillslioro Township, Montgomery County, 111., July 22, 1858, and is the youngest child born to Samuel and Cynthia (Carr) Truitt, both born in the year 1818, the father in Henry County, Ky., December 28, and the mother in Indiana, although reared in the Blue (Jrass State. (For further particulars of par- ents see sketch of Hon. J. M. Truitt). Our sub- ject's edvicational training was first received in the district schools of !iis native place, and later he supplemented this by a course in llillsboro Acad- emy. From there he went to East Hampton, Mass., and entered ^\'illiston Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1878. While a student in this institution he took the second prize in oratoiy. He then took a special course in Lafayette ('ollege, at Easton, Pa., in 18711 and 1880, and subsccpiently started out as an educator. He was assistant principal of llillsboro I'ublic School for two years, and then, having .acipiainted himself with the ])rinling liusiness, he started out in the news- paper business, in July, 1881, Mr. Truitt i.s a thorough master of his calling, and his (laper is published in the interests of the Republican jiarty and is regarded as one of the representative journals. ^Ir. Truitt h.as done so much in the past and is now planning so wisely to help forward the interests of the county in the future, that it is with great pleasure that we men- tion his name. He is at present the most ellicieiit and capable Treasurer of llillsboro Townshi|i, and has held that position for six years. In 1889, he was aiipoiuted I'nited States Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue for the Eighth District of Illi- nois, embracing the C(iuuties of Montgomery, liond, Shelby, Macoupin, .lersey, fireene and Cal- houn, and served for two years. The original of this notice has shown his ajipre- ciation of secret organizations by becoming a member of Montgomery Lodge No. to, I. O. ( ). F., of llillsboro; also Lodge No. 283, M. W. A. In ()ctol)er, 1882, he was wedded to Miss Libljie Weber, a native of the Emiiire State, and the daughter of Nicholas and Ora A. (Dryer) AVeber. Three children have been liorn to this union, two daughters and a son, who are .as follows: Ora, Charles A. and lieulah. Mr. Truitt is a hale-fellow- well-met with the choice spirits of the time, and is a loyal citizen and a time and trusted friend. If^-^ ON. CII.VRLES A. RA.AISFY, President of J; the llillsboro National liank and jM.ayor of the city, is one (jf the re|)resenlative men of Montgomery County, 111. He came originally fri>m Pennsylvania, that State which has contributed so much of iioiuilation and intel- ligence to his adopted State. He was born in Mitllin Coiiuly .Ianuar\' S. ISI;'). and his father, William 11. Ramsey, was a native of the same t'ounty. The elder Mr. Rainspy was reared in his native county, and secured a fair education there. He was a contractor and builder in Milroy, where he resides at the present time. He married Miss 386 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, Mary Rarer, a native of Hamilton County, Pa., and to them were born eiglit children, five sons and three daughters. Mrs. Ramsey is now de- ceased. ()ur subject, who is the eldest child born to the estimable couple mentioned above, after re- ceiving such an education as the district schools afforded, entered the Pine Grove Academy-, of Pennsylvania, where he laid the foundation for his subsequent career. On the 8th of August, 18(32, when the war cloud hung darkly over tlie nation, young Ramsey enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania In- fantry, as a private under Col. James A. Beaver, now ex-Governor of Pennsylvania. lie was promoted to be Sergeant-Major in 1864,duringtlie Wilderness Campaign, and later to Adjutant. At the close of the war, or in IBGo, he was mustered out at Ilar- risburg, after serving liis country faithfully, and participating in many of the most prominent en- gagements. Retiring to his home in the Keystone (State, he remained there for a short time only, as in 18(),5 he came to Shelliy County, 111. To a youth of his energy and ambition, the better chances of the opening West became a tem|)tation that could not be resisted, and he determined to seek his fortune in theSucker .State, toward which the tide of immi- gration was rapidly settling. During the winter of 1865 and 1866 he taught school, and in 1867ca7ne to Irving, Montgomery County, 111., where he en- gaged in the drug and hardware business. This he continued successfully until 1877, when he came to Hillsboro and embarked in the hardware l)usiness with .lohn R. Challacomber. In all Ills business enterprises Mr. Ramsey has met with fair success, and is a man of good business fore- sight and talent. He has been the efficient I'rcsi- dent of the Hillsboro National Bank since its organization in 1882, and holds the responsible position of jMayor of the city at the present time. In his political afliliations he is strongly Repub- lican, and in the fall of 181)2 was a candidate for Representative on that ticket. He is now .serving his second year as Mayor of Hillsboro. Twice he has served as Sujjervisor of Irving Township, and once of Hillsboro Township, and has been Cliair- man of the Board. He is prominent in all worthy enterprises, and has done much to develop and improve the city. He is a member of F. D. IIubl)le Post No. 403, G. A. R.,and is an officer in the same. A prominent Mason, he is a member of Mt. JMoriah Lodge No. 51, of Ilillsboro, and Hillsboro Chapter No. 197, R. A. M. October 27, 1870, our subject niari'ied JIi,ss Elizabeth Corley, who was born in Shelb}' County, a daughter of B. W. F. and Lois Corle3', natives of the same county, but both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ramse^' have one bright daughter, Marj'. ^^il-^i"i^ii^#i^ C. WELCH is a prominent resident of Ke3'es|)ort, Bond County, III., where he con- _ ducts a general store, and where he now holds the office of Justice of the Peace. The father of our subject was named Christopher Welch, and he died when our subject was only four years old. The name of the mother of our subject w.as Mar>- (McLaren) Welch, and her demise occurred one year after the death of her husband. Our subject was born in Crawford County, III., September 1, I8.')l, and after the death of his par- ents was kindly taken charge of by an uncle. At the age of thirteen years he left his uncle's care and started out for himself. His first arrange- ment was with a farmer, for whom he engaged to work on the farm for sixty dollars a year, with an opportunity to attend schoay State, wlumce its mem- bers early emigrated to N'irginia. Jacob liurrus. the maternal grandfatlier of our subject, was born in Virginia and m early life went to Sini|)son County, Ky., where he liecame a (n'ominent citizen. Our subject's mother was liorn in Kentucky and is still living, at the age of seventy-three years, and makes her home with her daughter, Mrs. Meyei-- holz, of Ramsey. It is of the mail himself, however, that we wish to write and we will give a full account of his rise in the world from the son of a poor farmer in the early settlement of Illinois until tlu' [iresent time. The txjyhood days of young Jlatney were spent on a farm much as other farmer boys spend their time, tilling the ground in the siiiiimcraiid never having received over six months" schooling. We liiid him prosecuting his studies at the breaking out of the Civil 'War, when he ]nomplly tendered his services to his country. and December 10, 1801, we find him ill the ranks of Company K, of the Fifty-fourth Illinoi> Infantry, under Capt. T. C. Kodrig and Col. ll.'irris. l)eecnili(a- 2(), 18();!, he re-enlisted as a veteran and served until October IT), 1865, when he was discharged at Little Rock, Ark., with the title of Sergeant. Wo will not attemiit a history of his war career, snllice it to say that he was with his regiment from first to last, never lieing off duty, and he nev(>r received a scratch, although in day having been January 2(!, 1810, and he was the many of the hard-fought battles, among them the second child in the family. Four other children | siege of \'ick>burg anil the Steele camjiaign at Lit- was one of the early settlers of this county. After marriage, our subject located in Okaw Township, one mile north of where he now resides, and here engaged in farming and general stock-raising. In 1884, he located in Tamalco, Bond County. 111., and engaged in the grain linsiness, Iniying and shi[)ping all kinds of grain, and also conducted a saloon for seven moiilli.^. In Xovember, 18.').'), he started a general store in the village and remained there until Decemlier 10, 18'.)1, when he located where he now resides and here carries on a profit- able business. Mr. and Mrs. Welch liecame the parents of eight children, of whom three are daughters and live are sons. Their names are as follows: iMollie B., Gifford N., \'irgil W., Arthur W., William F., Luln E., Galerd (i., and Jennie Alay, who died at the ag^ of two years. While living in Tamalco, Mr. Welch held the [losition of I'ostmaster for two yeais and nine moiilhs. In jiolitics, he is a Demo- crat and has held a number of the county otlices. For eight years he has been County Treasurer and Justice of the Peace, and lias also held the position of Constable. In 1892, he was elected Township Supervisor, which ollice he is still hold- ing. Mr. Welch is a man well known in the county, and one who has been very active in local [lolitical affairs. He has lieen very successful, entirely through his own efforts, and deserves the com- mcndaliiin of the cowe, who was a native of .lohnsiin County, Ind., born January 28, 1840. She was the daughter of John and Rachel Lowe. Her decease occurred October 18, 187fi. From this union six children were born, all of whom died when young with one exception — Mary Ellen, who is now the wife of Samuel E. Cress, a |irominent hardware merchant of Sorento. The Doctor again married, September 30, 1878, the lady of his choice being .'Miss DrucillaC. Scott, boin in I'ortsmonth, Ohio, April 23, 18,51, a daughter of .leremiah and Sarah (Davis) Scott. Mrs. DruciUa Matney died in Sorento February 2.5, 1888. Dr. IMatney was married to his present wife in St. Louis April 17,1881). She was Miss Melvina .Mien, a daughter of Abr.-un Allen, now of New Douglas, Madison County, III. Two chihlren have been born to Dr. and .AL-s. Matney, Mabel Louise and Willi;un I)., .Ir. Dr. .Matney came from an old Democratic family, but at the brcMking out of the war ho joined hands with the part^- that was des- tined to do so much for the salvation of his coun- try and has ever since been an ardent Republican. He has since been favored with many local offices by ills party. While residing at Oconee, he served as Postmaster for five j'ears and was a member of the Shelby County Board of Supervisors. At Harvel, he held the otliee of Town Clerk for five years and was besides a Village Trustee. For the past seven years, he h.as been Police Magistrate of Sorento. He is a prominent and enthusiastic member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and for two years has been Commander of the Samuel BicAdams Post No. 497, of Sorento. He is a member of Sorento Lodge No. 318, K. of P., holding the Chair of Past Chancellor Commander. He is also prominent in the Masonic fratei'uity, being Master of Lodge No. 392, of Oconee, and now a member and Past Master, of Madison Lodge No. .51)0, of New Douglas. — ^^ray has been engaged as a pho- togra))her, and in the spring of 18'J2 located at Nokomis, where he and his son (ieorge have since carried on the l)usiness. His workisof the highest artistic merit, and .at such reasonabh' [irices as cannot fail to satisfy the inclination and taste of all customers. He has become well known for se- curing to sitters before the camera a gracefid, natural pose and a i)leasing expi'cssion, and m all his work is to be seen the master hand of the thorough expert artist. His work compares favtir- ably with that of the leading artists of the land. I n eai'ly life jMr. Lr.ay espoused the principles of the Whig i)arty. but he has been identilied with the Republican party since its origin. In the year 1817. at DeWitt, N. V.. he was m.arrieil to Miss Ann' Wtiod, of Cleveland, ()hio,and lliev have four children, two sons and two daughters, .as follows: Kmma, wife of Dr. .1. II. Kitz, a miller of Taylorsville, 111.; Francis, a loconifitive engi- neer on the .Missouri I'acilic Railroad; llattie, the wife of .1. M. Kloi', a merchant of Hilisboro; and (ieorge, who is in business with his father. Mr. and jNIrs. Ilray are exemplary menilxns of the liaptist Church. fATHER 1>. F. CARROLL, the |)opular Priest of .St. Mary's Cathedral of LitcliHeld, was /li born in .lancsville. Wis., on the lOth of September, ISoT.and is the son of \\'illiani and Alice (Fai'riugton) Carroll. He I'cceived his pri- marv education in the schools of liis native place, in Rock Township, where his father was a farmer. After comi)leting the course of study in the home schools, he entei'ed St. Francis' Seniinar\-, near Mil- waukee. where he pursued both liisclassical and theo- logical studies, and completed the i)rescribe(l course. June 29, 1881, he was ordained to the priesthood at Alton. 111., and for a short time he was stationed at the cathedral in that city. He was sent to this charge in August, 1882. The young piiest possessed energy and enthusi- asm, and immediately after coming to Litchtield began to look about for sf)me w.ay in which he ccnild best assist his parish. He found the small brick cditice entirely inadecpiate for his congrega- tion, which consistedof two hundred and ten fami- lies, including the (iernian commuiiic:\nts. Soon after taking charge, in Ma\', l!S8;i, he called a meet- ing of his parish, .and an assessment was decide(l upon, and immedi.-itcly the work of collecting money for a new building was comnu need. He was so successful that in 1881 the foundation was laid for a licauliful new church, which was dedi- cated in Jul\-. 1.S8JS. This structure combines some of the most elaborate architectural designs in its const rnct ion. and is :iii ^ "^ ^ W AMKS lAL-CHACKKN, Si;. Althougli South- ! cm Illinois is being developed within recent I years in a remarkable way. It would seem that ' its natives have appreciated in a dormant manner the resources and advantages of the coun- try, for instead of restlessly roaming in other places, as do the youth of so many other countries, they have, as a rule, remained at honie, lin eldest sister, Naney, is the wife of Barney Wright, and has been a resident of the State of Iowa for more than fifty years. Klizabetli is the wife of Henry File, who served in the Mex- ican War, and now lives in IJarton (\)unty, Mo. Those that lia\'e passed away wei-e: ,Jane; Nathan, a soldier in the Mexican War, who died in .lannary, 18il-2; Ruth; Polly and Sallie, twins, between whose decease there was a lapse of many years, the latter having passed away only three years ago; John P., who died three years ago, also did his country good sei'vice in the Mexican War. Mr. McCraeken was reared on a farm and the agricultural calling has been his life business. He came to Bond County in IS.'iO, and settled in Shoal Creek Townshiii, locating [)erinanently in 18i0 on the farm where he now li\-es. It is a beautiful I'ural liome, wlK)se eighty acres of fertile .soil have yielded a rich return for tlie labor expended upon them. July 2.'!, 1 8.'M, oiirsubject mariied Mary M.,lones, a native of Alaury County, 'J'eiin., who came to llli.; nois with her parents in 182'.t. There is something impressive in the history of a union that extends over many years, where the interests of two (leoph! have become one, as is impossible to any relation e.xee[)t the marital. Es])ecially is this true when (iod has given into the care and keeping of the parents little souls that are to lie trained, not only to the highest type of manliood for this lift;, liut with a view to fitting themselves for their sov- ereignty in the life to come. Sixteen children were born to the union of Mr. and IMrs. McCraeken. The children who reached the age of iiianhood and womanhood are as follows: James, .Ir., born July t, 1835, in Bond County, married, iNovemlier 27, 186(i, Martha Armstrong, who was of Scotch and Irish ancestry. James, Jr., and his wife are the Ijarents of four children, three of whom are living: James Edgar, Albert N. and Mabel .1., the latter a teacher in the public schools. The second son was Elias, who died in the service of his coiintiy, in August, 18()1. .lohn T. is a farmer living in Shoal Creek Township. Elizabeth is the wife of S. H. Libby, of Reno. William P. is a farmer in this township. Hugh Douglass is a resident of Shoal Creek Township. Pebecca li\-es with her aged parents. i.ucy is the wife of Ch.ailes lleiinesey and lives in Ki[)ley Township. Sarah J., (leorge, MaryE., Alliert II , Hinini .N., Il.itlie L.. .\nnie U. and Nathan L. are deceased. Long years ago the Deinoeratie principles were instilled into the mind of our subject, and the constancy of his nature is exemplified in this as in 396 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORD. other tilings, that lir lia~ always been true to his Ijarl\'. His sons have been brought up as loyal ad- herents of the Jat'ksonian faith. Mr. IMcCraeken is an Odd Fellow and a member of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association. In his church aflilia- tions, he is a ISIethodist. Of all the older pioneer settlers in this localit}', none receive greater defer- ence than does the venerable gentleman of whom we write. He is loved and honored by all who know him. f/lLLIAM A. YOUNG. This gentleman is one of the representative agriculturists of '\i/^ Butler (Jrove Township, Montgomery County, wliere he was born August 20, 183(). His father, William Young, is a native of Tennessee, and his mother, .Jane C. (Paisley) Young, a native of North Carolina. AVilliam Young, Sr., emi- grated to Montgomery County in the year 1830, and in 1832 was married to Jane C.Paisley, of the same country. This union resulted in the birth of nine children, six of whom grew to mature \'ears: James J., .John W., William A., Harriet E., Sarah J. and Samuel. The mother of this family died in 1854. Mr. Young was again mar- ried, choosing as his second wife Miss Eva Brown, of Bond County, this State. Tliis marriage has resulted in the birth of three children. For a number of years the father of our subject served as Justice of the Pe.ace and was a member of the State Legislature of 1854. He served as a soldier in the Black Hawk War in 1832. He and his present wife are residing on his fine farm near Hillsboro, 111. Henry Young, the grandfather of our subject, was of Scotch descent, but a native of Pennsylva- nia. He was married in North Carolina to Miss .Sally Fifer, a native of Germany. Nine children, four sons and five daugiiters, were born to this couple, three only of whom now survive. Tlie maternal grandparents were of Scotch descent. Our subject was reared upon a farm near tlie town of Donnolkon, Montgomery County, 111., and attended such subscription schools as were taught in that day, )>revious to tlie adoption of the present free-school system. In 1855, at the age of nineteen years, he entered the Hillsboro Academy and remained until April of the follow- ing year. He then taught school for one year, and in April of 1858 entered McKendree College, from which he graduated two years later. In June, 1860, he returned to Hillsboro and read laAv one year in the office of James M. Davis. July 7, 1861, he en- listed as Quartermaster-Sergeant in Company E, First Regiment of the Illinois Cavalry, and served in Fremont's campaign in Missouri until the sur- render of Gen. INIulligan to Gen. Price at Lexing- ton, Mo., September 20, 1861. Our subject was then paroled and sent home, and in December of the following year was a|)pointed by the late Sheriff Harrison Brown Deputy Collector of Montgomery County. In 1S64 he was elected Sheriff of the county, which office he tilled to the entire satisfac- tion of all his constituents, until the expiration of his term in 1866. William A. Young, of whom we write this brief history, was united in marriage November 28, 1866, to Miss Maiy E. Ware, daughter of Obadiah ^Vare. The following summer the young couple moved to the farm where he at present resides. Januaiy 1, 1870, the wife and mother was called from this life, leaving two sons, viz: Anthony O., who was born December 25, 1868, and is now a stu- dent at Beaumont Medical College at St. Louis; and William A., Jr., born November !), 1869, who has had the degree of Doctor of Medicine conferred upon him by the medical department of Wash- ington University at St. Louis and is now prac- ticing his profession at Springfield, III. In Sep- tember, 1871, our subject took as his second wife Miss Sarah Muenscher, of Mt. Veiiion, Ohio, to whom four children have been born, who are named as follows: Frederica, Charles S., Cornelia and Eunice, all of whom are at home. The large farm which Mr. Young operates con- sists of five hundred and forty acres and is well stocked and nicelj' embellished with first-class im- provements. At a meeting of the State Board of Agriculture held in Peoria in 1892, he was elected PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. d% Vice-president of that society for the Seventeenth Congressional District. He is a tliorough farmer, a scientific horticulturist, and is also well versed in fine stock, especially hogs, sheep and cattle. He has devoted his entire life to practical and scien- tific agriculture and is one of the liest-iuf(U'nie(i fanners in Montgonier\' County. Socially our subject is a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Jlasons and Hoyal Arch Chaf)- ter of Hillsboro, and in politics is a strong adher- ent t)f the Democratic doctrines. In religious mat- ters lie is a memlicr of tlic Lutheran denomina- tion. HJ.IAM H. .All NICHOLS. l-Y.r many \/\/// .vears this representative citizen has been 'W^ -I resident of Montgomery County, 111., and during tiiat time has been prominently iden- tilied with the farming interests of the same. Al- though just in the prime of life, he has made his way to the front ranks among the energetic, thor- ough going farmers of the county, and owing to the attention he has always paid to each minor de- tail, he has accumulated a fair share of this world's goods. I'pright and honorable in every walk of life, he is well respected by all, and has a host of warm friends. He served his country faitiifully during the Ci\il War, w,as ever to be found at the front, and was a loyal, true-hearted soldier. Mr. McNichols was born in Hamilton County, Oliio, January 14, 1S42, and is tin- eldest of a fam- ily of eight children boi-n to .loseph and .lane McNichols. But little is known of the McNich- ols family, except the mere fact tlint his father was a native of New .Jersey, and was of Scotch- Irish descent. In I S5.5 the family came to Mont- gomery County, 111., and located (ni the farm where our subject now resides, and there the father passed away in 1874. The mother is still living on the old homestead. Our subject grew to sturdy manhood on tins pioneer farm, and secured but a common-school education. When the Civil War broke out he flung aside the implements of peace to take III) the wea|)Oiis of warfare, and, allhougli a boy of only twenty summers, he enlisted early i,n \HG2 to light for the Old Flag. On the 11th of August his name w.as on the rolls of Company B, Seventy-third Illinois Infantry (called the Preach- ers' Regiment ), as a private, and he was mustered in at Camp Butler. He was immediately sent to the front at, Louisville, Ky., and there joined the Army of the Cumberland, Shcritlan's division. Our subject's command was sent to Co\'inglon at the time Kirby Smith made his ilaring raid, but soon relumed to Louisville. He was in the heat of battle at I'erryville. this being his (irst general engagement, and next he was in front at the bloody battle at Stone Rivei'. After this he was in the vicinity of Murfreesboni, engaged in scout- ing and skirmishing, until his command was or- dered to the riege of that great and bloody battle of Chickamauga. On the second day, while his regiment w.as making a desperate chai'ge on the works of the enemy and the bullets were falling like hail, and the field covered with his dead and wounded comrades, our subject fell too, pierced by the Confederate bullets. He was carried from the field, and by an ambulance to a liospital liftcen miles away. There it was found that one liall had lodged in his right hip, another in his left thigh, and a third had plowed its way tliruiiicy and Chicago, until the close of the war. or .luly "2. isi;."). lie w.as discharged at the last-named city. In his regiment were two uncles, C. W. and W. !«. McNichols. The latter was taken prisonei- at the sanu! baffle in which cnu- sid)jeet was so severely wounded, and after figliting sf,arvation in Libby prison for thirteen months, died a terrible death. He now lies in an unknown and unmarked grave. 398 PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRATHICAL RECORD. The former, C. W. McNichols, served through the war, and is iion- living in Shelby County, 111. After his discharge our subject returned to his home and eng.iged in farming, which has been his business ever since. He has continued to live on the old homestead, but in 1872 he bought another farm for himself, about two miles soutii of the place where he now lives. With the exception of one sister, who lives in the .Sun (lower State, the children are all living in the vicinity of the old home. Mr. McNichols has ever been a stanch Re- publican in politics, and is an enthusiastic Grand Army man, being a member of the post at Noko- mis. He has never held any political oftices, but has been School Trustee, and has held other such posi- tions. He has never married, and is a man highly spoken of, and one of true worth. \^^^ '^i OHN D. WALLIS. Allliough our subject is the son of parents born under the sunny heavens of the South, iinbil)ing the glad- ness of the semi-tropical nature, lie himself was born in the Prairie State, his natal day hav- ing been December (5, 1830, and Greene County the place of his birth. He is the son of William P. Wallis, a native of Tennessee, and of Nancy (Stone) Wallis, also of Tennessee, where the couple were married, coming to Greene County, 111., in their early wedded days. Our subject w.as deprived of a mother's love and care in his infancy, her death having occurred in 1832. The father survived until 1873 and (inally expired in Madison County, this State. John Wal- lis was tlie younger of two children born of the un- ion of his parents. When he was but four 3ears old his father removed to Madison County, where he continued to live for the most i)art until 1867. At that lime, he came to Montgomery County and settled on section 2, North Litchfield Township, where he has ever since been a resident. Brought up as a farmer, our subject has been devoted to that calling all iiis life and has brought to it all the resources of his fertile mind and pru- dent industry. His farm comprises one hundred and fifty fertile acres. Nature has done much for his tract and has been ably seconded by the efforts of the owner. The best of improvements are here found; he has an excellently built residence, which was constructed with an especial view to comfort. The outbuildings are in good repaii' and the liarns are capacious and well filled. August 10, 1854, in Madison County, Mr. Wal- lis married Miss Mary E. Shaffer, the third daugh- ter of Jo.seph and Lucy (Randall) Shaffer, who were natives of North Carolina. Mr. Shaffer was a farmer and among the early settlers in Madison County, where both he and his wife died. Mrs. Wallis, the third in order of birth of nine chil- dren, was born September 6, 1836, in Madison County, where she lived until her marriage. She has never shrunk from any responsibility in her domestic life, but has ably seconded her husband both in establishing a pleasant and comfortable home and in rearing their large family of children, which has numbered thirteen, but only eight are living at the (iresent time. The surviving children are as follows: William II., who married Miss Nancy 15. Crawford, is en- gaged as a farmer in Zanesville Township. Their fiv(! children are James A., Charles H., Grace L., Minnie A. and Rosa B. .lohn A. married Miss Emma Burriss and they had two children: Walter A. and Franklin I). On the decease of his first wife John married Maggie Brice. The third child is a daughter. Flora J., now the wife of Edward L. Denton and the mother of a bright boy named Charles N. Lucy A. is the wife of John Saxby and the mother of two children: Mary E. and Palmer F. (Jeorge W. married Miss Alicc! Gordon and they are the jjarents of two children: Albert E. and Jesse. Lilly M. is the wife of .losiali Armour and is the mother of one child, Stella M. Mary I. is the wife of Franklin McWilliams. The youngest surviving child is Ida L. Mr. Wallis is a man of sterling pniuiiiles and stands high in the estimation of his fellow-towns- men. .Since coming to Montgomery County he has been .School Director for twent}- j'ears. For RESIDENCE OF W^ G. M9. CASLl N , SEIC 11. MILLS TP BON D CO. i LL. RESIDENCE OF J . D. VI/,>Ll 1 5 , SEC.^ . N. LITCH Fl ELD TP. MONTGOMERY CO , i LL . PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 401 six 3'ear.s he served as Highway C'oniniisiond County for many years. The grandfather of our suliject, James IMcCaslin, was born ten miles south of Dublin, Ireland, and came to America with his paicnts when he was six years old. The family settled in N(nth Carolina, where the father of .lames died two years later. The latter became a farmei' and moved into South Carolina, and from llieie to Kentucky, where he reared his family in Caldwell County. In 1828 he removed liy wagon to this county and benight the farm now owned b^' our subject. He lived to be eighty years old, and before his death witnessed many improvements in the surroundings of the liome he had selected for his family. At that time tlie wolves and deer still roamed over the prairie and through the timber at will, and were often ti'iiublesome visitors near the log I'abins of the early settlers. The father of our subject was twenty years of age when he came North, and in the same year in which tli.'it i-emoval occurred his marriage took place. To him is due the most of the clearing and dcvnloping of the farm. At the time of his arrival here there were only a few log cabins where the tlourislimg town of (ireenville now stands, and close was the friendship of Ihese isolated neigii- bors. 'I'lie ^r:iin which i\Ir. JlcCaslin raised, he was obliged lo haul to St. Louis, and this trip re- (luireil four oi' live days to accomplish. Camping out by the way was a necessity, but altogether the young farmers did not object to the little outing. It gave Ihem a peep at the outside world, and after one of those jtmnieys the man of the house felt very cosmopolitan. On these rich lands Mr. McCaslin, Si-., h.arvested large crops of grain, and became one of the largest stockmen in the county. About the last of the Black Hawk War, he was drafted into service, but was not called out. After fifty-one years of hon- orable, industrious living, he died at his home. In l)olitics he was a Whig and a lirm believer in his opinions, when he was sure he was riulit. The mother of our subject was before marriage Mary M. Mills, and was born in Tennessee, coming here with her parents at the same time as did the Mc Caslin family, the two fathers having fallen in with each other on the way to the State. Her father, Will- iam Mills, was a native of Tennessee, and combined farming with that of Methodist minister. He did much toward establishing that denomina- tion in this section, and gave his house as a meel- ing-[ilace where he taught tlu; people. In his old age he went to Texas, and died there at the age of eighty years. The mother of our subject reared nine children: Willi.'im, Klizabelh A., David M., Nancy I., Corde- lia, Rebecca, John \V.,(ieorge W. and Martha E. The mother died at the age of sixty-six years, lamented by family and friends. She had been a valued mem- ber of the iSIethodist Church. Our suliject was born and reared in the same house in wliich he 402 PORTRAIT AND BlOGRAPmCAL RECORD. now lives. He was educated in the log sciiool, house, wliieh now only serves to adorn the land- scape of some rural artist. It was not beautiful, but served its purpose at I he time. There were only three months of school in the year, and vevy m.any of the self-made men of to-day had only one term at the best. Deer were ijlentiful in those early times and venison did not have to come on ice from the far West. The wolves made it a ne- cessity to pen up the sheep securely. Our sul)ject began life for himself at the age of twentj'-one, and in March, 18.51, he married Miss Mar^' J. Steel, who was Iiorn in Morgan County, 111. Mr. and Mrs. McCaslin have reared eleven cliildren, namely; John W., Catherine I., Clara A., Harriet M. (deceased), James, Uretta B., Warren E., Henry AV., Mary F., Alonzo A. and Cary H. Mr. McCaslin first rented a part of the home place for one year, and then bought a small tract of land in Okaw Township, where he lived for two years, but at the end of that time he returned here, and now owns two hundred and eighty acres of the home place. Ujjon this he has made the most of the improvements and has cleared eighty acres, rebuilt the house, and added two barns and a granary. He carries on mixed farming and raises cattle and horses. Originally our subject was a Republican, but now he is a member of the People's party, and is identified with the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association. He has served as Road Commissioner for a year, and was School Director for a long time. He and his wife com- mand the respect of the neighborhood as honor- able, progressive people. =^E E^^ SMITH DENMAN. The mercantile trade has long been one of tlu^ leading features ) of our country and in this line is to be found in Nokomis a thoroughly represen- tative house controlled by Mr. Smith Denman, who is regarded as an upright and energetic man of business, respected alike in business and social cir- cles. He is a native of the Sucker Slate, born near Bloomington, in McLean County, March 27, 1841, and is a son of Smith and Elizabeth (Dixon) Denman, the father of English ancestry but of New Jersey nativity, and the mother of English- Scotch ancestry but a native of A'irgiuia. Both families figured in the history of the conntiy far back in old Colonial days, and an uncle of our subject (his mother's brother) fought witli valor in the Black Hawk War. Smith Denman, Sr., was a pioneer of Illinois, having settled on the farm near Bloomington, in McLean Countj", in 1829, and died there in 187.5, having spent nearly half a centuiy in the same place. On this farm our subject was born. He passed his boyhood days in assisting his father on the farm during the summer months and during the winter seasons in the school room. When the black cloud of war began to hover darkly over the nation, our subject was filled with a patriotic desire to fight for the Old Flag, and although but a boy in years, he possessed the courage and deter- mination of a man. On the 3d of September, 18G1, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-second Illi- nois Infantry, as a private, and after spending a short time in Chicago, where his regiment was organized, his command was ordered to St. Louis. From there he went to St. Joseph, Mo., where his regiment was divided up to do guard duty, his company being sent to Stewartsvillc, in DeKalb County, where he w.as on guard duty during the winter of 1861-62. In the latter part of February the regiment was called together and ordered to proceed to Cairo. When within about five miles of Quincy, it was found that the railroads and bridges had been destroyed, and all communication had been cut off. As a consequence, they were obliged to make their way on foot, Mr. Denman and a comrade walking the entire distance in their stocking feet, with snow and slush up to their knees. Finally, crossing the river on the ice, they entered the city of Quincy with their shoes swung across their shoulders. Strange as it may seem, their feet were not frozen. In fact, Mr. Denman said in re- lating this little incident: "They were not even cold." After all the regiment had reached the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 403 latter city they received orders to remove at once to Cairo, where they arrived about tlie 1st of Maicli, lHt;2. From there they went to Ft. Holt, Ky., and were in cam)) there for al)f)ut a niontli, when orders came to proceed to Ft. Donelson. They arrived there, however, after the surrender of tlie fort. Our subject then assisted in removing tlie prison- ers to .Springfield, 111., and was retained there for some time to guard them. After this, he and his regiment were ordered to join the forces being centered at .Shil(.)h, and participated in that most bloody battle. That was a terrible baptism of fire to the young soldier, as lie saw his comrades fall- ing iqion every side, but he never wavered. "On, on, til do or diel" was liis watchword. His regi- ment lost one-half of its men m killed, wounded and missing. After this came the memorable siege of Corinth, where we again find our heroic soldier in tlie heat of battle. lUit he, too, was doomed to soon fall pierced by a Confederate bullet, and on the afternoon of the first day '.s fighting he was lying lielpless and bleeding on the battlefield, having been struck in the left leg just above the ankle, the bone being shattered. He was taken to the field hospital, where his wound was dressed, and then, with others, lie was taken to a hotel that had been turned into a hospital. It was not long be- fore the shells of the enemy were fiying in and around the house and it became necessary for the wounded soldiers to be again removed to a place of safety. They were soon transported to Columbus, Ky., thence to Mound City, III., where our subject was placed in a hospital and suffered untold agon}' for a long time. He was compelled to remain there until January 2.'!, l, where he died at the age of seventy years. The father of our subject was one of the early settlers in Logan County, Ky., wliere he carried on the business of distilling. Hearing of the fer- tile lands toward the North, Mv. Paisley came (m a jirospeeting tour ou horsel)ack,and being pleased with what he saw returned home, resolved to re- move his family to this State, Accordingly, in 1818, the family belongings were |)acked in a great wagon, the farewells were given in the old North State, and they set out to find a new home. After various adventures they reached Il- linois, where Mr. Paisley had entered Government land. Here he built a log cabin, and everything 404 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. luokfil favorable for a lesidenoe, but soon after- ward llu' cabin liurned down with everything in it, and the family found themselves in a strange land with nothing but a team. Indians were plentiful in the eountrj' at that time, and often called at his cabin in their hunt- ing expeditions, as he was alwajs friendly- with them. There was never any danger of a famine, as deer and wild turkeys abounded. Wolves were so troublesome that it was with difficulty that he rai.sed any chickens or sheep, and the wildcats killed his pigs; even bears were here at that time, several of which he killed with an old flintlock rifle. It must be remembered that there was no mill where his corn could be ground whenever the suppl}' of meal ran low, and he was obliged to beat it in a mortar to get it fine enough for bread. The nearest market was St. Louis, and, as there were no railroads, all the produce had to be hauled b}' tiie farmers, which always meant a trip from six to eight days, with camping out at night. Mr. Paislej' owned nearly five hundred acres of land at the time of his death, wliicli occurred in 1880, and upon this he had raised great quanti- ties of grain, and a large number of horses and cattle, as he was a hard worker and never spared himself. In religious matters, for many years he was a consistent member of the Cumberland Pres- byterian Church. In his early days he was an old-line Whig, a great Henry Clay man, and at the time of his death a stanch Republican. The mother of our subject, Nancy Nelson, a native of North Carolina, bore her husband ten children, all of whom grew to maturity. They are: James, Malinda, Minerva, Harry F., Nancy, Elizabeth, John N., Hfibert C., Jewell and William. She had held a membership in the Cumberland Church for many years, was the best of women, and died at the age of fifty-eight years, lamented by family and friends. (Jur subject was reared here and educated in the early schools oi tliis vicinity. He was obliged to walk two miles, but the advantages were only offered for thice months in the year. Mr. Paisley became something of a hunter, and has slain deer where his home now is. At the age of twenty- one years he began taking care of himself, and in 1852, with thirty companions, he made a trip across the plains to California, and remained there three years. His mining in El Dorado County, Cal., was fairly successful, and he returned home b}' water. After this trip into the outside world, he located on this farm, in 1857, and in April of that year married Margaret Libbie, a native of Vermont, who was engaged in teaching school. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Paisley, viz.: Frank, Annie and Horace. Mr. Paisley is a man of large means, and one of the wealthiest land-holders in the county. He has six hundred and seventy acres, of which seventy' are in timber, and he has lately sold two hundred and forty acres which were in his possession. His stock-raising and farming have been on an exten- sive scale. During the Civil War he enlisted in Comiiany D, Fifty-ninth Illinois Infantry, in Oc- tober. 1863, and served under Gen. Thomas. He took [larl in the battles of Franklin and Nash- ville, and was in the Texas campaign until the close of the war, being mustered out in the spring of 1865. Mr. Paisley and his wife are highl}' valued mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. In political opinions he favors the Republican party, and has held the offlce of Township Trustee ever since the close of the war. He has been a very successful man, and has always worked hard to obtain and keep what pr()perty he has. -mi ^1 AMES W. WHITE. In writing the biogra- phies of the citizens of the Prairie State, it is remarkable how many of its men have vvgj/' been loyal to the State in which they have been born and reared. Under the genial skies of Illinois, the restless, dissatisfied longing for new fields, which is characteristic of the citizens of so many other States, is found wanting, nor can the reader wonder when tlie advantages and resources of this favored locality are taken into considera- tion. Our subject is a prominent pioneer of PORTRAIT AKD BIOGRArHlCAL RECORD. 405 Montgomery County, and is a resident of Pitman To'^vll^^llijl, liaving a fine farm on section 'J. He was liiini in I'iice County, ti\i> State, August 14, 1 8,1."). His parents were .lames and Ellizabctli (drowning) Wliite, botli natives of Kentueliy. Our sulijecfs anuestry is not witliout its stories of Jieroisni and loyalty. An uncle on tlie mater- nal side, a Mr. llrowning, is said to have been a soldier in the Wnv of 1812, and ho distinguished himself in the Ci'.ieliee Campaign, .lames and Eliz- abeth White came to Pike County in 1833. There they .secured a tract of (Government land, which was improved and cultivated, and made a valuable farm, which was later tiaded for other property. In 1854, our s"uliject. with his parents, removed t(j Macoupin County. While there, lioth father and mother died, the former m 187it, and the latter in 1881. Tlie\- reared five children, and of tliese three survive: James W.; J'^lizabeth, wife t)f George Merryweather; and Charles E. Mr. White iwactically received his rearing and education in Pike County, and there were in- culcated in his youthful mind the lessons usually learned by a farmer lad. He attended the early subscription seluiols of the district and lifted him- self for the later duties of life. The original of this sketch was married .lanuary 14, 1S58, his bride being INIiss Susan Cromwell, a native of (xreenc County, Ohio. Tsed away ()ct(iber 17, 18!lL'. Our subject came to Montgomery Countv in the year 1858, and located m what is now known as Harvel Township. He there remained until the year 1865, when he came to Pitman Town- ship, of which he has been a resident ever since. His farm comprises four hundred and sevenly- tive acres of very fertile and well-cultivated land. He has introduced into the work of farm- ing all the latest impro\'ements in machinery and has maile a thorough trial of the labor-saving implements of to-d.ay. He has been ably assisted in all hi> work by his wife, who is his prudent counselor and loving lielpmiite. IMr. White is a thoroughly wide-awake and pro- gressive citizen. He has introduced among his line >tock the celebrated grade tif Cotswold sheep, and also has five lielgium horses. In his political sentiments, Mr. White is independent, voting for whatever he believes to be for the best interests of his localitv and the ctuintrv at large. "JT'OIIN T. ROSS. The subject of this sketch I is a gentleman of ;icute business ability and at [iresent is the successful representative of *}^/ the Safety Homestead Associ;i.tion of St. Louis. Tins association has a ca|iital stock of $50,000,(100 and is well known and very jxipukir throughout this State. ]\Ir. Poss was born in Il;imiltiiii, Ohio, August 4, 1830. His parents were Amos and Lydia (Will- iams) Ross, who in the early |iart of this century emigrated from New .lersey to II;imilt(Ui. Mr. Ivoss, Sr., felled the lumber that he used in the construction of his home, which was built on the clearing made by himself. He w:is a contractor in brick and also owned and operated a sawmill. In the year 18(!0, he moved with his sons, H. S. anydia Williams, whose father was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Ezekiel Ross, the great- grandfather, was Ixirn in tlie same i)lace .as iiis son in 1756. He served seven years as a Revolution- ary soldier, and in his old age moved to the home of his son Amos, in Ohio, where he died in the year 184.5. Tlie Ross family liave I)een strict Presbyterians ff good business (lualifications and of good judgment, to vvliicli iiis fellow-citizens testified by making him Alderman of the Second Ward of the town for six yeais. lie is a man of property, and owns stock in the Litchfield Hotel Comi)any. lie is a promi- nent member of the Masonic fraternity annac Milton, who died at ^'.•^llev Falls, Kan., in 1888; .lohii I)., who died at Keno. Ill; Sarah I)., the widow of S. Denny, who occui,)icd the position of County Clerk of P.ond County for twelve years; and Margaret E., who resides in (ireenville. ()ur subject was brought u]) on a farm, and can tiutlifully recount the experiences of youths in the early days, when the subject of chores was a matter of discussion between the small boy fif the house and his elders. After receiving a good cominon-schoiil education, he dei'itled to follow in the footsteps of his father and became a tiller of the soil. In the fall of 18G2, our subject discovered in Jliss Louisa Hunt the womanly qualities he sought ill her who should be his companion through life, and, obtaining the consent of this lady to a life partnership, their wedding took place in the year 18G"2,an<] during the time when the vital question decided by the Civil War was at issue. The wife of our subject was a native of London. England, and is a fine specimen of the broad- minded, intelligent Englishwoman, whose inter- ests are centered in her home and family. Mrs. Rosebrough has b()rne her husband four children. Nellie II., the eldest, is the wife of II. B. Harrison, a Congregational minister of Iiariiesville, Minn. Mrs. Harrison was educated at the college of North- field, Minn., at which institution she finished her education. Miss Sadie Hosebrough is now being educated at (ireeinilli' College; while Mabel, the yoiingest member of tlu! family, is attciidiug the public schools of her townshiii. Mr. Hoseiirough was an active Republican ele- ment in this community until the cause of tem- perance illiiNtrated to him the fact that a Prohibi- tion party had much to aceomplish f<.)r the good of the county, and several years ago he became a Pro- hibitionist. "Look not on the wine" Las been 408 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. one (if the 11)1 it lues of his life, and he has not only lived tlie life of a temperate man liy e.^eliewing liquors, but lias carried out the precept and teach- ing of St. l^anl, and been temperate in all things. Our subject is a hearty and liberal supporter of the Presbyterian Church, in which body he holds the position of Deacon, and has been an industri- ous and efficient worker. It (annot be doubted that he has a conscientious regard for the religious office he assumes, and the responsibilities devolv- ing u|)on him are executed in an earnest and faithful siiirit. C^ "iK=?w>ICIIOLAS SINGER. Among the pronii- I ])] nent business men of Montgomery County, '^Jt^\ 111., who have attained to the highest round in the ladder of success, and are counted among its most worthy and honored citizens, may be mentioned Mr. Nicholas Singer. No name stands more properly [ilaced in the history of the county than his, for he is not only one of the most successful and popular business men, but is of such a social, genial nature, that he has made many friends. While a German and born of Ger- man parents, he hardly knows whether lie was born in (Jermany or in France. The facts are as follows: He was born in Lorraine, (ierman\-, March ',), 1840, but just at the time the line had been drawn, so that his l)irlhplace was on the P^reiich side of tiie line. Therefore, while a German in every sense of the word, he was born on French soil, and under the laws that then governed France. His father, Nicholas Singer, Sr., was the owner of a small vineyard near his native town, and for forty years was a policeman for field and village, and was the first man to enter the army from his native village in the conllict against France. Tlie father is still living in his native land, .and in tlie village where lie has spent his long life, being now ninety-three years of age. For many years he has been on the retired list of ex-polieemen. The subject of this notice attended school until thirteen years of age in his native village, but lieingN^f^ progressive, enterprising temperament was not satisfied to settle down at Injiiie. lie wanted to see more of the world. At that ten- der age he took jjassage for America, and after touching United States soil began searching for employment. Later he found his way to Dubois County, Ind., and commenced learning the cooper's trade. Afterward he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and there finished learning his trade, but the restive spirit again taking possession of him he went down to New Orleans, where he remained for some time. From there he went to Alexander, Tex., thence to Hamilton, Ohio, from there to man}- different places, and when twenty years of age this wandering but unusually precocious young man settled in Peoria, III., where he worked at his trade. He was a member of tlie Peoria Fire Company, as well as of the Peoria Rifle Company. In lfS(!2 he enlisucd to go to the war, but on account of a lame arm was rejected. After this he went to St. Josei)li, Mo., became foreman ill a pork-packing establishment, and made a trip for this firm to Pike's Peak and another to Den- ver. He remained in St. Joseph until Jul}- 13, 1864, when he volunteered to go into the country to assist in routing the guerrillas. Later he went to Jersey City, lost what money he had m wild speculations, and tlien look to the Mississippi River, following rafting for a time. In August, 186(),af;er having been in nearly all the States east of the IJockies, he settled down to business in Nokomis, where he started a coojier shop. He prospered, in this, accumulated consid- erable money, and two years later engaged in the stock business in connection with his other business enterprises. In 1870 this wide-awake, thoroiigli-going business man started a [lork-jjaek- ing establislwnent, and in 1871 he was one of the organizers of the Nokomis National Lank, in which he is now a large stockholder and one of the Directors. Since he came to this city nearly everythiiig he h.as touclied has turned to money, and he is one of the substantial men of thecouut^'. O/n^yiX;) a>r POliTKAlT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 411 111 1874 he made an extended trip to P^urope, vis- iting Oermany, France, Belgium, Italy, England. Ireland, Scotland, and other countries on the con- tinent. The original of this lujtiee was married in Nokomis, August 19, IS71, to Miss Mary A. Tuohy, a native of this eoiintry, but of Irish ancestry, and nine children have been horn to this union, eight of whom are now living: John A., Alice M., Herta R., Charles X., Mary (deceased), Catherine, Andrew .T., William W. and Arthur F. IS'" ^-i lCS^ ">IS— — m ■if/AME.SN.CAl'LK. This Bio., kal'k.u, Ri.r,,i;i. of Bond County would he incomplete if within its pages a sketch of the above-named gentleman should fail toappear. Ilis stand- ing is high among the citizens of Heno and the surrounding country, and lie is deservedly respect- ed by those who are favored with his friendship. It is believed by all students of human nature that the ancestry and early training and surroundings of men exert such an intluence over their lives, that a knowledge of the former gives one a very good idea of what may be expected in the latter; therefore a few lines regarding the progenitors of our subject will not be amiss. Ilis parents were .lames V. and Sarah (Powers) Cavilk, natives res- pectively of Kentucky and North Carolina. The grandfather of our subject, .lacoh Caulk, scivcd in the Revolutionary War. In 1833 the father of our subject brought his family to Illinois, and settled in Macoupin County. Upon his arrival in this .State, he turned his atten- tion to agriculture, and soon became the po.ssessor of a well-improved farm on tlu; site of his first settlement. His family consisted of eleven chil- dren, six of whom are now living: \Villiain II, is now a resident of Lilclifield, this .State. Nersisus married James Coekendall, who served in the Mexican War, and departed this life several years ago. Mrs, Coekendall now makes her home with her son, wjio resides in Soreuto, Sarah J. is the 19 •wife of D. W. Henderson, a soldier in the late war who now resides in Missouri. Allen ]\I., now a res- ident of Nebraska, also served m the late war. Hardina, the widow of George llorris, makes her home at Mattoon, III. Our subject completes the famil\' circle, James N. Caulk was hovu October 25, 1825, near Nashville, Tenn. He was the third child in a family of eleven, and received but a limited educati(jn. Long before he [lassed the boundary line of cliildliood, and while the family were still residents of Macouiiin County, death bereaved him of his father. On the 12th of August, 1802, Mr. Caulk joiiKMl Coiiijiany I, One Hundred and Twenty-second Illinois Infantry, .as a private, and participated in many of the battles of the war, amf)ng them being Tu[ielo, Nashville, and the siege and capture of Ft. lUakeley. He was attached to the •Sixteenth Army Corps, under Gen, A, J, Smith, at LatJrange, Tenn., and while serving at the Last- mentioned place he became unfitted for active ser- vice liy a sunstroke which almost proved fatal. On the 15th of July, 1865. Mr. Caulk received his discharge, and in the fall of that year he lo- cated in Montgomery County, where he occupied himself as a farmer for six years. At the clf)se of the year 1871, our subject became imbued with a desiie to form a personal opinion of the possi- bilities afforded in the then comparatively new State of Kansas, and with this in view he lived there for one year. Not caring to coiilinui' his r<'sidence in the State, he returned t,o Illinois, and located in Uond ('(unity, where he reiii.aiiied until I.S71», At that lime he adv:inccd his prospects by moving to Iteno, where he bought a farm, and has since added U> his worldly po.ssessions in the building of several houses, which he rents. Our subject has been married twice. His jiresent wife bore the maiden name of .Mary .\iiii Ho.ss, and is a lady of line womanly tniits of character, who enjoys the loyal devotion of her friends and the respect he boyhood d;i,ys of our subject were spent, and as his father was in moderate circumstances, he gave his son tiie ad- vantages of a very liberal education, com|)letiiig a common-school education in the academy of Wells- ville, Ohio, after which, for many years, he was en- gaged in teaciiing in llie pulilic schools of his native county. This occupation continued to receive his attention until his health broke down, and in March, 18()4, we lind him in .Montgomery County, 111,, at which time he iiurchased the farm on which he is now residing, and where his home lias since been. In the month of A|)ril, 1871, he was united in marriage with Miss Eliza .lane Lea.se, a daughter of the late lamented and wealthy citizen of Nokomis, Leonard Lease, who w,-is also a native of ,Teffer.son County, Ohio, and upon who.se death !Mrs. .Stewart inherited a small fortune. She is a lady of great nobility of character, intelligent and refined, and is an earnest Christian. .She li.as borne her hus- band six cliildi'cn, as follows: .M;iry ( )live, who was educated at .Mmira College, at (ireenville. III.; .\iiiy Belle, who attendeil the Methodist Eemale College, of .lack.sonville. III., for some time, but, on account of ill-health, was compelled to leave that institution; ( ieorge L,, .lames Samuel, Charles "\Ves- lev and (irover Clevelanil, the two last iiameil still attending the public schools, Mr, .Stewart, like his father before him, is a strong Democrat, ;iiid was at one time a member of the County Pioard ol' Su- jiervisors, and at the present time is a member of the County Democratic Central (V)mmilt(^e. Ik- is an exemphiry member of the Christian Church, and is recognized as a citizen of worth and stand- 414 PORTRAIT AND lilOGRAPHlCAL RECORD. iiig. By liarrl work and goorl management, together with upright and honest dealing, he has amassed a goodly fortune, and in his pleasant home, sur- rounded by his family, he is enjoying the fruits of a well spent life. '^ RAN CIS TULLY, one of Montgomery County's most prominent citizens and wealthiest farmers and stoek-raisers. was born in County Cavan. Province of I'lster, Ireland, May 3, 1840. He isa son of Owen Tnlly and grand- son of Francis Tul ly , the latter at one time a wealthy farmer and land-holder of the beautiful Isle of Erin, but who lost all bis property during the famine in that land. Young Francis had the advantages of a fair education up to the age of fifteen years, at which lime the reverses with which his family met made it necessar\' for him to seek some employment. America seemed to offer a promising field to a young man of push and energy, and in order to better his financial condi- tion, he crossed the Atlantic to America in 18(54. and almost immediately made his way to Illinois. He was fortunate enough to secure employment with 'Sir. Penington, the great grain dealer and land-owner of Bunker Hill, but two years later he left that i)lace and came to Nokomis, where he worked on one of Mr. Penington's farms. In 18()9, Mr. Tully rented this farm and began to depend on his own judgment for the means of livelihood. So ably did he manage and so ear- nestly did he labor, that in 1872 he purchased the two hundred acres where he now lives, for which he was compelled to go in debt about $(500. He then bent all his energies to paying ofT this obliga- tion and it was not many years bef()re it was en- tirely liiiuidated and he was free to improve his fine property. He had the good judgment to real- ize that stock-raising was a profitable employment and has devoted many years to this branch of agri- culture, with the result thai; niiicli of his fortune has lieen made if) this way, Up jsjide jt a point to raise a good grade of animals, and as a consequence always found a ready sale for them at high prices. His farm is well adapted for the purposes to which it is devoted, having all modern conveniences, and his example in this respect has served as an im- pulse to others to follow him. It is perhaps un- necessary to add that he is recognized as a man of energy, progressive spirit, and clear perception, and he stands high in the estimation of those who know him. In addition to his two farms in this county-, Mr. Tully has landed interests in Kansas, which are now being managed by his brother John, he giving but little attention to them. Notwithstanding the fact that he came to this county a few ^ears ago a poor man, he has met with wonderful success in all tliat he has undertaken, as he fully deserved to do, for he has given strict attention to his business and has never infringed or encroached upon the rights of others. His parents came to this country in 1872, but the father died the year of their arrival, and his mother then kept house for him (as he has never married) until her death, which occurred on the 3d of .lanuaiv. 1892, at the age of seventy-six years. Mr. Tully was devoted to his mother and her loss was a great blow to him. She was a woman who possessed many noble attributes of heart and head, was kind, sympathetic and sincere, was a devoted member of the Catliolic Church and for many years " kept the faith." Our subject has two brothers: Philip, who is a farmer in Xokomis Township, and John, who mar- ried Sarah Dougherty and follows agricultural pursuits in Witt Townshi)). The sisters are: ^Mary, wife of P. S. 0"Donnell, of Audubon Township; Rosa, Mrs. Gust Dois, who lives in Nokomis; Mag- gie (deceased), formerly the wife of JMartin Mc- Lain, of Nokomis Township; Bridget, Mrs. George Bingham, who resides in Ottawa County, Kan.; Bessie, wife of Patrick Costelloe, of Edina, ]Mo.; and Ann, w'ho married George Wentz. now de- ceased. Mr. Tully has ever been a warm Democrat, has held many local offices and for twelve successive years was a member of the County Board of High- way Commissioners, acting fts jt.s Treasurer for a number of years. In 1890, his part^- brought liiu) PORTRAIT AXD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 417 to the front for Sheriff of the county, but owing to a coniliination in tlie western part of the county he was defeated. In 1892, lie was again tendered the nomination but refused to accept it, altliougli lieartily appreciating tlie kindly motives tliat prompted liis friends ti.i thus honor him. lie is a whole-souled, warm-hearted and impulsive Irish- American, and has a host of warm friends. V ^ ffa >J > J > l I I ?^ S. HUBBARD. a pronu ncnt and successful settler of section (5. ranks among the old inhabitants of this part of Bond County and resides in tlie township of I'le.asant M(.)und. He is a native of this State, having been born March 9, 1815, in Madison County, III. Till' father of our suliject bore the name of Peter Ilulibard and was born Feliruary 2;5, 1782, in (South Carolina. He was reared at his home until he reached the age of nineteen, when he became ambitious to see something of the world, and started out on a prospecting tour. When he reached Tennessee he was pleased with the coun- try and remained there four years, but about that time the jieople became impressed with the value of the rich lands to the nortliwest and he was among those who came to Illinois in 180!). Mr. Hubbard remaine(J a short time in IMonroe County, but the next year removed to Madison County, and in 1817 he came into Bond County ;ind took up about fifteen hundred acres of land. On this [ilace the father of our suliject remained until the close of his life, his death occurring at the age of eighty-seven years. He was one of the earliest settlers of the county, and held souio of the most important oflices, having been made County Commissioner and County Treasurer. In politics, he was a prominent Whig and was one of the largest land-holders in that part of the State. Mr. Hulibard was descended from Welsh ancestors, although Peter Hubbard, his father, was boi-n in South Cartilina, in 17.j(), and was a Revolutionary soldier. The mother of our subject was also a native of the Palmetto State, and her name was Martha (Tilliam. She was born in 171*2, reared in her native plai'c until eight years of age, and in ISOO came to .Madison County, I II., living to be sixty-two years old. She was married to Mr. Hubbard Feb- ruary II. I.S12. in St. Clair County, 111. Her father was Thomas (Jilliam. a native of South Car- olina, who with his four brothers was among the early settlers of Madison County. Mv. and Mrs. Hubbard were the parents of eight children, three daughters and live sons, and four of them .are still living. Our subject is the eldest .son and second child of the family. He was two years old when he came to Bond County, and his first recollection of school is of a log house, in (Greenville, with slab seats and dirt IIo(_>r and greased-paper windows. Some of the more aris- tocratic edilices had puncheon Moors and slick chimneys, and some had teachers whose knowledge did not much exceed that of the pupils. If his- tory tells the truth, some of those same school- houses were stages whereon were enacted scenes which, if accurately described, would often seem incredible. The many diolleries in the midst of unlicensed despotism are remembered with min- gled feelings of amusement, disgust and resent- ment. At the age of twenty-one, he took a course at the Jacksonville College, after which he re- turned home and remained until his marriage. The lady who became iMrs. Iliibbaril was a native of Virginia, tiorn May lit, 1821. Her name was Ann E. Saunders, and she became united to Mr. Ilubliard February 2, 18 1;?. When about seven years of age she was taken to I'eiinsylvania by her parents, and came to Illinois in ISlil). Im- mediately after their marriage, our subject located wiiere he now resides. He lia,d his house [lartly linished on the (lOvernment land which he took u|i ill l.S.'id. There were no improvenieiils what- ever on the jilace when he took charge of it, tnit he was very energetic and got out the timbers of the house and built it almost alone: and so thor- oughly was the work done that it has sheltered him and his growing family all these years. iSIr. and Mrs. Hubbard are the [i.arents of eight chil- dren, of whom three are daughters and live sons. They all grew to maturity with one exception, 418 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Emma, who died at the age of twenty-one months. Tliose living are Lewis, who resides in Smithboro; .Tulian, wlio resides in Noitlieast Kansas; Lavinia l)ecaiiie the wife of .Tames E. McDowell and resides in Chicago; Henry A., who resides in Greenville; (George C, who resides in Ida Couut3% Iowa; Alfred C, who resides at home; and Mary .T., who became the wife of L. Armstrong, of Greenville. Our subject had at one time a farm of six hun- dred and fifty acres, but he has divided it with his children and has only retained one hundred and seventy- for himself. He has always been a strong Republican and voted in 18.36 for William II. Har- rison, and .again for him in 1840. Mr. Ilubliard has done surveying in the county, as Deputy un- der the County Surveyor, and has been Township Trustee and School Director. For many years he has been an important member of the Congrega- tional Church of Greenville, of which he is now Deacon and of which he has been Trustee. ellARLES W. SEYMOUR was born upon section 14, Hillsboro Township, Mont- gomery County, 111., July 28, 1829. He now resides one mile west of the town of Hills- boro on section 11, where he owns seven hun- dred and forty acres of land and employs about eighteen men making brick. The father of our subject, Wesley Seymour, may be ti'uthfully numbered among the very early pioneers of Illinois. He was born in South Caro- lina, in 1799. His father, William Seymour, pa- ternal grandfather of Charles W., was a native of the ICmerald Isle, and was born about forty miles from the sea. He was married to Miss Dixon, also of Ireland. The twain, leaving home and friends behind them, crossed the ocean and settled in South Carolina. Their first home in this coun- trj- was in Laurens C. H., S. C, but taking counsel together they set out for the Nortiiwest. Journeying slowly with teams, the}' crossed a long streteli of country, coming at last to the broad and almost unbroken prairie of Illinois. Xo canals or easy mode of travel greeted their eyes. Here and there they met creaking wagons toiling painfully on their lonely way. Miles apart they saw the cabins of the energetic liard\' pioneers, who gave them cordial greeting. At last the weary emi- grants reached Montgomery County, 111., but they onl3' remained there a short time, and then turned their faces toward Mississippi, in which State they passed the rest of their days. Charles Seymour's mother. Fiances Vaughn, it is sui)posed, was born in South Carolina in 1799. In that State she met and was married to Wesley Sey- mour. In 1825, the young couple, full of life and strength and energy, started on a long pilgrimage to Illinois, following almost the identical route William Seymour and his wife had traveled so long before. There were some changes, but as yet no railroads, and the unbroken prairie stretched itself before them for miles and miles. It is nearly sixty-five j'ears since the father of our subject took up a Government claim and built a little log cabin on section 14, in which humble home his children were born and reared. The sons of this liousehold were nine in number. There were no daughters. One child died in infancy, the others grew to man's estate, and tivu of the nine still sur- vive. The mother of this family died in 1854, but her husband long outlived her. He remained in Montgomery County until 1877, and then, hav- ing long since passed three-score years and ten, went to Columbus, Kan., where he died at the ad- vanced age of ninety-one years. Charles Seymour received his entire schooling in his native place. His first employment was at wagon-making and manufacturing brick. In 1854, our subject, in common with thousands of other seekers after gold, took the overland journey to California, the golden Eldorado of the West. He took the trail by the North Platte, and though his team of oxen weie strong and hardy cattle, their progress across the desert was so slow, that he was from March 27 to August 10 getting to the American Valley Mine of California. Mr. Sey- mour remained in the Golden State, mining and carpentering alternately, until November 21, 1859, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 419 when he embarked for lionie, retiirniiioby water via Panama to New Ycirk and thence to Ilillsboro. In 1^l^^ iQy- rrjyENNETT F. (;REEN, D. D. S. a follower L>Cx of that profession which is pain "ivinw but healing, Dr. Green is a favorite in his call- ing in Nokomis. Magnetic in his nature, he soothes and allays the fear lliat one naturally feels in entering the ollice of a denii>t. lie was born at Vienna, Ontario, Canada, August (!, I^^' sesses in this line. The biographer as well as the reader finds the life of a man vastly more interesting when its vicissitudes have been varied and the subject has proved liimself worthy of more than casual notice by the way in wliicli he has managed and conducted the years allotted to him for existence in this world. The name Hartley is well known in all parisli I'egisters in the counties of Yorksliire and Lancashire, England. There are many residents of Lancashire who can trace this name and their own lineage back to the time of Edward the Con- fessor, and historians give us data concerni;;g the bearers of this name wiiich allows them credit as bearing honors for soldierly daring while fighting in the army of Oliver Cromwell. .Tohn Hartley was born in Manchester, J>anca- shire, England, on the 4tli of March, 1838. His parents were both natives of England, his father being emplo^'cd in tiie cotton mills of Manchester. Richard Hartley, the grandfather of him whose life we are recording, received honorable mention as a soldier in the battle of "\Yaterloo. He served un- der the Duke of Wellington, and was a member of the troop that had the honor of taking Napoleon to headquarters as a prisoner. The spirit of emigration seized John Hartley very early in life, and a desire to see more of the world than tiie city of Blanchester embodied or was then contained in Great Britain influenced our subject to take his life into his own hands. At the early age of ten years, and without saying good- bye to home or parents, he started for the country so far distant, wiiich .as " tiie land of the free and the home of tlie luave." ' was perhaps vividly [MCtured in his childish imagination. It may be quite safe to assume that a ten-year-old boy, mak- ing Ins way from England to America in the year 1848, had a wonderful amount of self reliance, and as this appears to have been the stock in trade of our subject, he is to be congratulated on the man- ner in which he mani[)ulated his capital. On his arrival in America, our subject got em- liloymenl on canal barges and river packets, and worked in tliis capacity until lie was twenty-one years old. In tlie year 185l(, he came to Bond County, 111., where he olitained employment as a farm hand, and by industry and thrift saved the money with which he purchased part of his jiresent belongings. He first commenced the cultivation of fruit in 18fil,and to s.ay that he has nade a success of his chosen line of work but faintly ex- presses the position he now finds himself placed in. Mr. Hartley has spared neither time, lalior, nor money to bring this industry to a point of excel- lence acliieved by but few. He now owns one of the iinest orchards in this part of the State, and is thoroughly posted in every detail pertaining to fruit culture. The Hartley orchard luiniliers some twenty-five hundred trees, and its product em- liodies the finest grafts known in the Western country. One of the latest achievements Ijy our subject was the raising of more than two thousand bushels of apples in the season of 181)2, while others engaged in the same line were unable to produce this fruit in any quantity whatever. The number of fruit-bearing trees in the Hartley I. 0^/0^-^/^ yi/ f'^i.,iin-iil of his business nnd removed In tliis place witli his family a few weelvs before tlie dcatii of liis uncle. He took charge and settled up the estate of his uncle, and the (lid gentleman's last days were full of peace as he realized that the hfinoralile okl name would not be forgotten in commerce in Jiis chosen home. Mr. Beardsley has Iniill a brick block which now is occupied by the Dailij Ncirs. and has built live dwelling-huust's here and has [lurchased a tine resi- dence. He was a member of the Board of Education for two terms and is the President of the Litchfield I'aint and Cnlor ('om|iany, which wa.- incorporated in November, 1891. ^Ir. and IMrs. Beardsle\- liave one child, who has been named for the kind uncle, and thus will not only the business, but also the name, of Benjamin Beardsley go down to another generation. r^ E*^* /p!^,ARRETT CARSTENS is one of the wide- (|[ (— ^ awake, energetjic and successful \oung busi- '>^^' ness men of Nokomis. He has made his own wa3' in life, and is in the enjoyment of a com- petency that is the result of his iinaided efforts. He is a member of the large grain and elevator house of .John Carstens iV Son. ;\n establishment well known throughout the county, the members of whicli are conceded to be honorable business men in every respect, (iarrett Carstens was born at .\lton, 111., .Tuly 8, lS(i:!, and is the eldest of five clulilren liorn to Hon. .lohn and .leanetto (Hughs) Carstens. The father, who is the head of the lirm, is a (German by liirth, and was born at Ilaltland, .March 22, 18;i7. He came to the United States in 1852, and for many years thereafter was engaged in coal-mining at Alton, 111. At the lirst call made by President Lincoln for troops in |8(')l,.Iohn Carstens tendered ids ser- vices, and was enrolled in Company K, of the Ninth illiuois Jufaiitry, Piu'in^^ Lis term of service, he was taken sick, and upon its expiration he returned to Ins business at Alton. In 1861, he organized what was known as the "Preachers' Company," it lieing largely made up of young ministers from Shurt- leff College, of Alton, and was known as Company I), of the One Ilundi'cd and Twenty-second Illi- nois Infantry. Of this company Mr. Carstens was made Cai)tain and served as such until the war closed. In LS(i8, .lohn Carstens came to Nokomis and en- g.'iged in the hardware an2^ ~^i * ^EY. W. H. GROXEK. In the study of the careers of those who have been the archi- tects of their fortunes in tlie various depart- ments of business or professional life, there may often be encountered suggestions of inesti- mable value to those who are just starting out in life for themselves. The men whom we are ac- customed to call self-made are well represented in Litehfield, where many of their number are carving for themselves monuments that will out- last gilded shafts or marble statues. Among this class prominent mention belongs to the gentleman with whose name we introduce this sketch, and who is widelv known and highly esteemed as a minister in the Christian Church. For a i)eriod covering twenty-one years he has held the p.astor- ates at Ridgely, Round Prairie, Boston Cliapel and -Vtwater, whore his labors have been rewarded witii abundant success. In aildition to his min- isterial work, he has for five years serxed effici- ently as Assessor for North Litchfield Township. Born in North Litchfield Township Octolier 17, 1842, our subject is the son of T. C. G. and INIary (Wood) Grouer. His father settled in this part of Illinois as early as 1838, and, entering land soon after his arrival, entered upon the career of a farmer. His home is located in North Litch- field Township, where he still resides at the ad- vanced age of seventy -.seven years. He can re- count some thnlliug experiences of California lifu in the early '50s, for about that time he became imbued with the desire to go West, and spent five years in the gold diggings of California. He is a pioneer in the Christian Church, and is an earnest follower of its doctrines. His three sons and five daughters have all reached years of ma- turity, and he is now enjoying his declining years, surrounded by long-time friends and his children. Our subject enlisted in Company A, Ninety- first Illinois Infantry, August 11, 1862. After being stationed at a number of Southern points, he reached Elizabethtown, Ky., on the 27tli of December, of the i^ame year, where he was taken prisoner, placed on parole and soon after exchanged. He served thiee full years and re- ceived his discharge at the close of the war. After returning home, he spent .. \.iii .1 24, 1868, and they arc now the parents of two children, ^Minnie L. and Bertie. During alt the labors of Mr. (Jroner for the past twenty-four years he has lieen nobly as- sisted by his wife, who has (iroved herself a tire- less and efficient worker in the vineyard of the blaster. Her kind words and gracious manner have endeared her to hosts (jf friends, and her name is known for many a mile on account of the sweetness of her disposition and the nobility of her character. Our sul)jecl has always identi- fied himself with the cause of education and has served on the School Board, beside occupying the position of Commissioner of Public Works for four or five terms. ACOB D. ROYER. a member of an old- settled family of the county, and a promi- nent and extensive farmer and also a veteran of the late war. resides near Dud- lej'ville. Bond County. 111. He has here a farm of two hundred and thirty-two acres and is a suc- cessful grain farmer and stock-raiser. Our subject was born in Greenville, this county, November 18. 1838, and is the son of Daniel Royer. who came from a (German familv of that name which had settled over a large section in Pennsylvania. IJy occupation. Daniel Rover was a farmer and shoemaker, who came at an early day in the lii.-tory of the county and settled near Greenville; later to the southeast of it he en- tered Government land. The journey to this lo- cation was a long and toilsome one over the mountains in wagons, and when he came and set- tled on his ])lace the log cabin had yet to be built. Willing hands make light work, and with a will he cleared his land and worked at odd times at his trade, and when tiie Black Hawk War came on and men were recjuired. he was one of those who went to light the savages. His services were also given in the Mexican War. Mr, Rover had several farms and had some land warrants which he placed near Greenville. At that time deer and wolves were numerous, prairie chickens flew in clouds, wild turkeys ran through the brush, and the tinibei- land was full of the nests of the wild honey bees. The death of Mr. Rover took place when he was about fifty-two years old. and he died in the faith of Calvin. His po- litical adherence had been with the Democratic party. The mother of our subject was !Marv Cockburn, who was I)orn in South Carolina, al- though the marriage of the parents of our sub- ject took place in Tennessee. .She was the be- loved mother of ten children, although only six of these grew to manhood and womanhood. These were: William. John. Jacob. Edward, Pleasant and Sarah. This worthy mother died when al)out seventy years old. Our subject was reared here and attended the log schoolhouse nearest his home, which in those days was called a subscription school. When twenty years of age, ilr. Rover began for him- self, going out to the neighbors to work by the day. When the call came for troops, in the year 1861, he was one of those who came forward without delay, and joined Company F, Seventh Missouri Infantry, and was mustered into the service at the Arsenal at St. Louis. He saw ser- vice through ^lissouri. Kansas. Tennessee. Missis- sippi and Louisiana, and was in the battle of Vicksburg. and towards the close of the war he was appointed on detached duty, and was mus- tered out at St. Louis in June, 1864. He now re- ceives a pension of ^6 a month. The marriage of Mr. Rover took place in 186.5. to Miss Elizalieth Mt'Cullag. who was born in Bond County, 111., and they have now a familv of one girl and seven boys, as follows: Alden. .Sarah Ollie, Louis, (iefnge. Leslie, Emery. Arthur and Harry. Clowren is deceased. Our subject settled where he now lives in 1867. and at that lime the place wa< entirely unimproved. He bought eighty acres and built a log house, but now he has two hundred and thirty-two acres, and all of this is improved witli the exception of twenty acres. lie raises great crops of grain and numbers of cattle, horses and sheep. Both he and his wife are highly respected members of the Free 430 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Methodist cleiiomination. In liis jjolitical lu'lief, Mr. Rover is a Republican, and ii|ilu)Ids tlie opin- ions of his party with vigor. His family is one of tlie best in the agricultural section of tlie State. ■^ AMES R. SEYJIOUR, a popular young phy- sician of Raymond, was born in Montgom- ery County, on the 22nd of September, 1859. ^^^ We do not know much concerning the early history of the Seymour family, but the grand- father, Weslej' Seymour, was a native of South Carolina and was of Irish extraction. His son, William Dixon Seymour, the father of our subject, was born in South Carolina, in 1823, and with his parents emigrated to Montgomery County, 111., in 1827, the family locating on Government land near Hillsboro, where William spent the remainder of his life. He mariied Elizabeth A. Christian, a na- tive of Kentuclcy. She also went to Montgomery County with her parents, locating tliere in the pio- neer days. The Doctor's father was a man of fine education and at one time was Superintendent of the schools of his county. His wife died in Hills- boro in March, 1892. Both were prominent and iiighly respected citizens. Their family numbered eight children. The Doctor was the fifth in order of birth. He was born and reared on his father's farm and was educated in the Hillsboro Academy. At the age of nineteen we find him a teacher in the \n\b- lic schools, and he followed that profession for two years, during which time he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. McLean, of Hillsboro. He determined to make the practice of medicine his life work, and to lit himself to that enrl, in the fall of 1881 he entered the Eclectic Medical In- stitute of Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1883. Immediately afterward he formed a partnership and embarked in the practice of his cliosen profession in Murphysborougli. this State, lie afterward practiced iu Reno, lioud County, and in March, 1888, in company with his brother, William L. Seymour, he purchased the drug store in Raymond, which they still own and carry on under the firm name of Seymour Brothers. The Doctor has also continued the (iractice of med- icine with marked success. Dr. Seymour has been twice married. On the 17th of February, 1892, was celebrated his last union, Mrs. Ida Tilden, a widow, becoming his wife. She is the daughter of William Bolles, a prominent citizen of this county'. In social cir- cles this worthy couple rank high, and their circle of friends throughout the community is indeed large. The Doctor is a leading member of the Modern Woodmen and is examiner for his camp. In pol- itics, he is a strong Republican, and takes quite an active part in |)olitical affairs. In 1890, he was elected Ma\or of Raymond, re-elected iu 1891, and the position was again offered to iiim in 1892, but he declined the honor of serving for a third term. His skill and ability as a medical practitioner are well recognized, and a liberal patronage which he well deserves has crowned his efforts. M>^^ighty acres of laiid (which are now included in his present large fai'm), and to the original purchase he added from time to time as opportunity was given him, until he now owns three hundred and twenty acres, all un- der a high state of cultivation. He has embellished the i)lace with line buildings, and has there all the modern improvements of a nK)del farm. Mr. and Sirs. (Irosenheider ai-e the (jarents cif eight children, as follows: Minnie, the wifeof .lohn Prongie, a farmer in this locality; August, who assists his father on the home farm, and is an en- ergetic and pject that his wife had dropjied dead from heart disease. Some time after this, there was a little romance that relieveublican in his political affiliations. His army associations are kept green in memory by his membership with the (irand Army of the Republic. Fraternally, he is a member of the Odd Fellows. E^'. WILLI \M .]. YOUNG. This honorable and upright citizen, now residing in Don- \\\ nellson. III., is a native of the Blue Gi-ass '^@' State, born in Allen County, December 12, 1830, and is a descendant of a prominent Virginia family. His father, .lames I). Young, was a native of the Old Dominion, born in New Kent County, .\ugust 9, 1809, and when four years of age was taken to Kentucky by his half-sister. There he grew to mature years and all his earliest recollec- tions were of that State, IJe was aiarned there I on the 13th of August, 1828, to Miss Eleanor Harrison, a native of Kentucky, where she was reared, and in that State the youngcouple located. i Tliei'e Mrs. Young's death occurred when about thirty-seven years of age. In that State, Mr. Young remained until April 1, 18)9, when he came to Montgomery County, 111., locating in ICast Fork Township, and there resided for nine- teen years, engaged as a tiller of the soil. Later, he moved to ^Missouri, and resided there f(n- about twenty-four years, when he received his final summons, dying in 1888. He was married four times and was the father of twenty children. His last wife had four children when he married her. Our subject was the second in order of birth of the eleven children born to his father's first un- ion, and was in his nineteenth year when he came to ^lontgomery County. He received his scholastic training in his native State and remained with his father until twenty-one years of .age, when he branched out for himself .as a hand on a farm. About 1853, he went to Ilillsboro and carried on a livery stable for Robert W. Davis, a noted man of that county, who was Clerk of the Circuit Court for two terms. He c(nitinuef the Douglas ticket (iiie hundred votes. Me acceptably served one term and has tilled other local offices with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. For many years he was a member of the School lioard and was long its Treasurer. Public- spirited and progressive, he takes an active inter- est in all that pertains to the welfare of the com- munity and the advancement of those enterprises calculated to prove of public benedt. i^+^P= IRAM MOREY, one of the old .settlers of '^ jll Mulberry Grove, 111., resides on section 36, in this township, and is regarded as one of 'jj the prominent men of the place. He w.is I)orn in Licking County, Ohio, .Tuly 3, 1818, and is a typical native of the Piuckeye .State. The father was David ]More\-, who was boi-n in 1793, near Rutland, Vt., and when he had attained years of maturity he started Westward. At that time Ohio was a wilderness and those who came from New England were regarded by the old lesidents there as very brave people. Mi-. Morey came direct to Licking County, (_)hio, .and re- mained there, where he married. llis father, Joseph Morey, was a native of Aermont and was descended from iMiglish and Welsh ancestors. This combination of two sturdy races has always been regarded as a very happy one for the de- scendants. The m()ther of our subject was Harriet Reynolds, who vvas born .Tuly 29, 1797, uc^ar New Haven, Vt., and came to Ohio at an early day, her p.'irents having joined fifteen other families iuid made the trip to that State. The settlement of this party was made at GrandviUe, Licking County, and at this place tiie father and mother of our subject were married and lived there until 1826. At this time it seemed desirable to make a change, and Mr. Morey removed his family to Knox County, wiiere in the course of time he died, in his sevent^-lifth year, having been noted for his integrity and sterling honesty, which qual- ities were fostered during his early life among the hills of Vermont. The mother of our subject only lived to the age of fifty years, but her mem- ory is still tenderly treasured. Mr. and Mrs. Morey were the parents of ten children, two daughters and eight sons, all of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, respected members of the communities in which tlie^' lived, and where they reared families of their own. Only five of tliese children are now living, and of the original familj' tlie ]Mr. Morey of this sketch is the second son and second child. Our suliject was reared in Licking and Knox Counties until 1841, when he came to Bond County, 111., in search of the prov- erbial fortune which is always a little farther AVest. He found employment in the agricultural regions of Illinois, and in 1845 he was married to Eliza .1. lirown, of Fa3'ette County, III., who left at her death ten children, whose names are as follows: Sarah; Thomas Perry; Dorcas, deceased; Eliza- beth A., deceased; Harriet; Henrietta; Celestia E., deceased; Laura Bell; AnJtta J. and Orrin M. Mr. Morey selected for his second wife Mrs. Nancy (Baker) Davis, the widow of William J. Davis. The lirst marriage of Mrs. Morey was with William Ileston and the four children of that marriage are, Sarah. Emma, James and George. Her second husband was William J. Davis, and the six children of that marriage were Fr.ank and Albert, twins; Rosa B.; James; ]Marion,and one who died in infancy. Mr. Morey located on his present farm immediately after his marriage in 1845 and began housekeeping in a log cabin, 16x16 feet, but built the house where he now lives in 1857, which is very comfortable and commodi- ous and in whicii he conducted a hotel for about ten years. His means were very limited when he reached Illinois .and he gladly accepted 18 a month for anything tiiat he could get to do, and agreed to take half that sum out in cornmeal. .\t one time he drove cows to St. Louis and sold them for -S6 a head and sheep for $1.50 a head. He learned the wagon-making trade and when he came to Mulberry Grove he opened up the first shop of that kind in the town ,'ind contin- ued at that business for a jieriod of thirty-live PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 437 3'cars. His present farm consists of two hundred and fifty-five acres, wliicli he rents. At one time he owned four liundred acres, but he disposed of part and does not care to work im tlie other part. Since tlie war INIr. Morey has been a Republican and l)elieves thoroughly in the i)riuciples of that party. For the last flfty years he has been ;i mem- ber of the Methodist Elpiscopal Church. .Ml his long life he has been a liard-working man and richly deserves the success which has come lo him in his old age. K. DAY. The endorsement ul his feilow- citizens is an earnest (if the esteem in which t; our suliject is held in the city of Raymond, Montgomery County, 111., where he is M.ayor and an extensive manufacturer. He was Ixirn in Ma- rion County, Ind., October 22, IHlTi, and was the ninth of ten children born to Joseph N. and Ellen (Riley) Day, of whose early ancestry little can be ■learned; Imt it is known that the maternal grand- father (if (iiir suliject was born in Pennsyl- vania, and had Irish ancestors, and that the latter nuisl have emigrated to America in the did Colonial days. This grandfather was one (if the pioneers of Marion County, Ind., where the iiKither of our subject was born, spent her entire life and finally died, in lM8(i. Our subject's Grandfather Day was bdin in Ohio, but at an early day lucated on (iovernment land, about twelve miles from In- dianapolis, where the father of our subject was born and still lives. Of the ten chihiren bdin to .Joseph jS. Day and wife, five boys and live girls, three brotiiers and two sisters are living, and all have remained in their native State except our subject and a brother living at I'^ast St. Louis. Our subject grew up on his father's farm, re- ceiving a limited education; still it was all that the public school afforded. At the outbreak of the war, although a mere lad, he fairly burned to enter the army. His father olijectcd because of his youth, but promised that he might be a soldier if the war lasted until he was eighteen. Not a day did our young hero wait beyond the time fixed by his father; for on Octolier 23, 18G3, twen- ty-four houi's after lie was eighteen, we find his name on the rolls of the One Hundred and Twen- ty-fifth Indiana Infantry, which was organized intd the Ninth Indiana Cavalry. He was sent to Tennessee and did duty in that State and in Ala- liania until Se))tember 2."i. lisdl. He was taken prisoner in the last-nanuMl State by Forrest's troops and thrown into a prison at Caliaba, Ala., where he endured great suffering and deprivation of food, horrible accounts of which he gives, and was held there until the close of the war. After his release he was transferred up the INIississippi River in the lioat that iilewupnear Vicksburg, and fourteen hundred and fiftj' out of twenty-one hundred of his comrades lost their lives. Our subject was badly scahh'd, and in this condition clung to a fioating log for some hours, until succor arrived. Taken thence to Indianap- olis, he was discharged in M.ay, 1865. He then went into the wagon-making business at Oak- landon, Ind., continuing in it for two years. Mr Day then went lo Carliii ville. 111., where he worked at his trade for four years, and then spent one year in travel through the West. He afterward came to Raymond and established himself in the carriage manufacturing business, the town then having just lieen hicated. His building was one of the first erected and he has since been a most iiniioitant factor in the building; up (if the now prosperous city, of which he was the lii-st M.ayor, serving at that time for two years; he was again elected in the spring of IS'.I2, being in the high tide of popular favor. Polities have not spoiled Mr. Day for business; on the contrary, he is a thorough man of business and is one of the largest manufacturers of carriages and buggies in this section of the State. Mr. Day was married in 1872 to Mi.ss Susan Peak, a native of Kentucky, who came to Macouiiin County in her childhood with her parents. 'Phis union +ias been blessed with five children, namel\-: lilanehe, Carrie, 31a- bel, Susan and Ruth. Mr. Day is an active and well-kiuiwn member of the Masonic brotherhodd. 438 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. He adheres strongly to the Presbyterian Church, in which he holds membership. In politics he is a Democrat, and is also a stanch friend of the tem- perance cause. A kind husband and father, a pros[)erous business man, a popular and highly- prized citizen, he is a most fortunate person, and more, he is extremely happy in his family. / ♦^•i-^* EROY F. WOOD, the senior member of the firm of Wood k Stansifer, who carry on the largest and most reliable and successful real-estate business in the city of LitcliHeld, 111., is the gentleman whose sketch we present to the readers of the Rkcohp. Mr. Wood was born in North Litchfield Town- ship, January 2.'(, 1841, and was a son of John Wood, who was born east of Knoxville, Knox County, Tenn. The latter, with his father, Ben nett Wood, came to this State and county in 1828, and settled in Xorth Litchfield Township, and was one of the very earliest settlers there. His near- est neighbor was three and one-half miles away, and in this lonely place he lived until his death. He was a devout man, a minister of the Bai)tist Cliureh, and one of those brave, good men who sacrificed every comfort and ambition in life to assist and console others. There were few then to comfort the sick with spiritual consolation, to perform the marriages or to give Christian burial to the dead. The deprivations which these good men went through have always seemed to the writer to be the most pathetic portions of the pioneer's life. The father of our subject grew to his majority here, and so few were his advantages that it was not until he had become the husband of a bright and ambitious wife that he learned to read. Our readers will readily recall the President of the United States who was similar!}' taught after his marriage. John AVood became aminister, as his fatlier had been before him, and before his deatL there were few passages in the New Testament that he could not readily recall. He lived and died on the old place, never leaving it except to answer some call of duty. The farm of which we speak is still in the family and consists of two hundred acres. The mother of our subject was Jliss Eliza- beth AVilliams, who came hereabout the same time as did her husband, from Tennessee, and who was born May 4, 1825. Ml-, and ]Mrs. Wood settled about two miles from the old place and she has seen it change from a wilderness to the comfortable home it now is. To them were born twelve children, seven of whom survive: Nancy E. became the wife of I^li Bewley and now resides in California. Rachel S. became the wife of John E. Morrison and lives in Bates County, Mo. Martha JM. lives in Cheyenne Fannie married William jNIcCurley and resides in Springfield. William S. is located on the home- stead. Thomas H. is a contractor and builder in Raymond. The death of John Wood took place March 3, 1883, when the good man passed away regretted by all. Our subject enjoyed the advantages offered by the common schools of his locality, and at an early age he married ]Mrs. Lurany E. Ward, of his town- ship. He engaged in farming after the marriage, which took place February 25, 1858, and continued at that until the breaking out of the war. Then he felt the necessity for all good men and true to enter the army and suppress the rebellion. Au- gust 11, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Ninety- first Illinois Infantry, and was sent to the south- west dei)arlment and served until June 20, 18(55, wlicn lie was discharged on account of wounds re- ceived at Spanish Fort, in Alabama, having seen nearl}' three j'ears of hard service, almost all of Ibe time being at the front. He was once taken prisoner, December 27, 18()2, at Eliziibcllitown, but was paroled and exchanged Julj- 4, 1863. He re- entered the active service and was through the Louisiana and Texas campaigns. After his return from the war, our subject went into fanning, and then worked as a cariienter, but his wounds kept him reminded that his active days were over. He went into town then, and first en- gaged in the insurance business, and was twice made Assistant Supervisor of the township and for PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 439 one term served as Justice of the Peace. All this time he was overlooking his biLsincss, and later entered with Mr. Stansifer in the real-estate bus- iness. Togellier tliev plaited a portion of land and called it the Wood A: Stansifer Addition to ],itchfield, and this is in the southwestern part i)f the city. The tirm is interested in real estate, and also represents thirteen leading in- surance eomi)anies and does business both home and abroad. The home and eastern capitali>ts deal with them in the loan associations. Our subject is a member of the (Jrand Army of the lve|niblic and also of the Ancient Free ik Accepted Masons, in both of which organizations he is regarded with the lespectand affection his life has made |)ossible. II is domestic relations are most pleasant and his wife still lives and reign."; over his home, where five children have been added to liis family. The eldest, S.irali, became the wife of .1. II. Roberts, of this townshi]), one of the old pioneers, and her four children areClempn, Bennett, Minnie ami Lul.'i. The second was K. F., who lives in M<.)lierly, Mo. Hetta became tlie wife of Richard Coffe}' and has one child, .lohn II. and .lessie A. are at home. The Christian Church is the one to which this family belongs, and in which they are regarded with esteem and respect. The life of Mr. Wo<.id has been very successful as a businessman and as a soldier and this Kiocomi does not do justice to one of the really important men of Litchfield. «^ =fe> \f^j OBERT C. .lORDAN. In the subject of this '^^ notice we have onei>f the most prosperous . .lordan and Mary ( I lobbs) Jordan. E.B.Jordan, the father of our sultject, was a well-known harness-maker of this city, and his mother was a daughter of 'I'lionias Ilobbs, one of the oldest and most respected citi- zens in the community. Robert C. .lordan re- ceived his education in Sparta, 111., and, after learning the trade of harness-maker, worked with his father for ten years. In 1880, he opened a shop for himself in Litclilielil, and. after conducting tiie same successfully for six years, branched into the livery business, in which enterpri.se he has met with good fortune, and to-day owns the largest livery in the city. Although (juite a young man, our suljject has by practical industry, hard w(M'k and native foresight already accumulated the foundation of a large fortune, and, beside his business enterprise and the capital invested there, has a snug little sum out at interest, .siiict at- tention to business is his watchword, and the suc- cess already met with has but increased his desire to .accomplish more and better results eic, he can reach the goal of his ambitions. The wife of our siiliject. to whom he has been married some years, was befoie marriage i\Iiss Kate Byers,of Litchfield, a most estimable lady and very popidar in the community in wliich she has spent her life. jNIr. Jordan has .always identified himself with the interests of the town, and is one of the most active membei's of the Fire Department. .Socially, he is a memlier of the Knights of Pythias. It would be hard to find a man with whom an hour can be more pleas.antly spent than with the above- named gentleman. It is always a pleasures to the biograi)hical wi'iler to record the success (jf a man who, beginning life for himself with but small means, has reached a substantial |)0sition as the owner of a good liusiness est.ablishment, from wliich he derives a comfortable and assured income. Mr. Jordan is ;i systematic man, as a visit to his place of liusiness indicati's to the le.ast observing eye. In the few years which lie has been engaged in the livery business here, hi' has built up an ex- cellent trade and a line reputation as an honor- able business iiian and reli.-ible citizen. He is of - 440 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPinCAL RECORD. that genial aurt coinpaniablc temperament which has drawn around liim liosts of friends, and in his business transactions evinces rare executive ability and good judgment, wliicli talents will eventually make him a man of marked and independent Dnan- cial standing. ^ ' ■! ! iL^^^e^^f*^^^ \T AMES G. BUCHANAN. The subject of the presentsketch isa prosperous and intelligent farmer of Pitman Township, Montgomery J County. He was born in Belmont Count}", Ohio, November 12, 1848, and has been a resi- dent of this State since 1869. He was reared and educated in the public schools of his native county, but considers the knowledge that he acquired there quite meagre compared with that which he has ob- tained on his journeying through life since then. His parents were William and Mary (.Johnson) Buchanan, and the former was a native of Penn- sylvania, while his mother came from one of the well-known families of Ohio. She still lives there, enjoying a comfortable old age, but his father has been deceased for some years. In his native county, James grew to manhood, and there he remained until he had attained his majority. Then with the ardor and ambition of youth, he decided to move farther West, and the rich lands of Jcrse}' Count}- first attracted him. He remained where he first settled in 1869 for several years, working at his chosen occupa- tion, and then was induced to come into Mont- gomery County, and has never regretted the step. Here he found all of the favorable conditions upon which a farmer depends for success, and decided to remain. His first labor was upon land for some other party, but he finally bought his present farm and settled upon it some years ago. He was pos- sessed of no means when he came here, and has made, by his own efforts, all of the monej' required for the purchase of the eight}' acres of his present place. The marriage of our subject took place October 6, 1886, when he made Miss Anne Stevens his wife. This lady is the daughter of Riley and Charlotte Stevens, who are residents of BoisD'Arc Township, Montgomery County. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan, Ray, who came into the world December 12, 1887. Should he grow up into tlie strength of manliood, a future record may show him to be as worthy and ener- getic a man as his father, altiiough his advantages will, in all [jrobability, be much better than those of his father. Notwithstanding his bearing the name of one of tiic distinguished Democratic Presidents of this great Republic, our subject is a stanch Republican in his politics, and has been one of the most enterpris- ing men of this section in the advancement of the count}- improvements. His farm is one of the best tilled in the neighborhood, and his orchards, build- ings and fine cattle show that ho has been success- ful in his ei^deavors. The county of Montgomery lias many self-made men, and that is the reason that it is regarded m the State as one of the most solid commercial counties of the Commonwealth. There is a firm basis of honesty and industry iq)on which men of this kind have built, and it has told upon every branch of business in the State. aONRAD WELLAR, a successful farmer and iiiahly respected citizen of Harvcl ' Township, Montgomery County, is a strik- ing example of the success in life always won by the honest, hard-working emigrants who come to this country to make their homes and fortunes. Our subject was born in Argenmesen, Hanover, Germany, December 16, 1842, and is the son of Henry and Elizabeth Wellar, both natives of Ger- many. This worthy couple were reared and mar- ried in the Fatherland, and were content to spend their entire life among the friends and neighbors of early youth. Conrad, the son, belonged to a more progress- -•,?^v. .-..^, f i-^-'P^-: jK. fe- 'iV-.; -■( T.: ss^^isas^sa rfe^^iS^a^5ii^':afM'^ife£^aa.ga^W^^^^^^8^@J^ife>sa-iiSa^^g^^ RESIDENCE OF J. G. BUCHANAN^ SEC. 3., PITMAN TR, MONTGOMERY CO.^ILL. RESIDENCE OF CONRAD WELLAR^5EC. 19. , HARVEL TR, MONTGOMERY CO , 1 LL , PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 443 ive fige. He liad received a fair pduratiou in the home schools, and it was his ambition to rise in the world, to become a landiioldei-, and oc.eii|)y a higlier position in life. Tidings of success came from tlie far-cilT I'nited States; America was tiie land of |)r-^^<^- \f7 UCY K. (WAIT) KING. Tlieladywlio.se name gives title to the following sketch is ^ well known in the section in which she re- sides. She is a (lersoii of prominence, not only on account of the lioiiorcd name she licars, liut also from her |iersonal excellence of mind and heart. Her father, Thomas 15, AVait, Jr., was a na- 444 PORTRAIT A2sD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD live of Maine, as was also bis father, Thomas B. AVait, Sr. Like nu>st of the prominent and lead- ins families of Now England, the Wait family of whom our subject is a descendant trace their ancestral line l>ack to Old England, the birthplace of so many c>f the wisest and best men of the age. Thomas B-Wait. Sr.. was a printer and bcK>k pul>- lisher in Portland. Me., and edited and pub- , lished the fii^l |>ai>er printed in that city, lie re- ; moved to Bc»ston, M.iss., where he conducted the I largest publishing house in that city at that time. ! Hei-e he continued in business until his death, which CH?curred at an advanced age. The father of our subject was educated for the profession of a lawyer, .ind received a tine educa- tion, gi-aduating from one of the finest law schools in the East. He oi.>eiied a law oHice in Brooklyn, Is. Y., and practiced there with i^^insiderable suc- cess for some years, but not liking the prt>fession he gave it up. In 181S he came West in com- jiany with his brother. William S. Wait, and both men entered large tracts of land in Bond and Madisvm Counties. 111. The journey was made c^verland by wagon, and by tlat-boat down the Ohio River. Mr. Wait located in what now is known as Old Ripley Township. At that plac-c he built a log cabin and the first gristmill in Bond County. Here he remained (or several yeai-s en- joying the wild life, so fascinating to many sons of civilization, and making lasting friendship with the Indians, who wandered by and often stopped to beg. Deer were frequent visitors, and it would not have been very difficult to find a" de.ir gazelle " among the wild creatures who fled at the sight of the hunter. Venison w.ns the main sustenance of the family durinij their travels through the AVestern country-. Tiring of tlie life of privation which a home in the wilderness made necessary. Mr. AA"ait took his ': family to Indiana, and here he remained for a | short time but a restlessness seemed to again take piwsession of him. and again he started AVestward. , and spent some months in Kentucky. Finally, he decided that more desirable homes could be pro- cured farther West, and he bought land in Iowa, aud then decided to conduct a general store. With his family he was on his wav to his new home with a stock of goods, when he w.ns sud- denly stricken with cholera, and in that awful ep- idemic died on the boat at Grafton, a small sta- tion not far from Alton. III. At that time there had lH?en no brave Stanford to test the efficacy of inoculatiou. and cholera swept througii the land with irresistible fury. So ended the life of a man who w.ened up to the public. Among her patrons came Daniel Webster, on one of his Western trii>s. The great statesman com- plimented her highly ujKm her ability to please her guests and make a hotel seem like a home. Her life had some thrilling experiences, as the fol- lowing will testify: Elijah Lovejoy. the famous editor and Abolitionist, who was killed and dragged through the streets of Alton, for his tem- erity in publishing an Abolition paper, was a boarder at her house at the time, and she was the tii-st one to ring the church bell and give the alarm that called general attention to the terrible crime. . Eventually. Mi-s. Wait came back to Bond County, and bought three hundred and forty acres of land four miles north of Greenville and died there at the age of fifty-eight yeai-s. She was a woman of superior mind, well educated, and had energy aud a faculty for management which would have made her prominent in any position. Her daughter, the subject of the present writing, grew up here and .attended school in the log schoolhouse with her brothers, and remembers well the slab benches with pin legs and the rough puncheon floors. This was a subscription school. After this she was given the advantages of a good PORTRAIT AND BIOGKAPHICAL RECORD. ur, private school in Greenville. On .Septtrnljer 12, 18.0.0, she was married to Kli-^ha H. Hlanehard, who was born on her present farm. Hii father, Seth Blancliarfl, came to I'.onfl County aJ^out 1820. and was a large land-owner and prominent farmer. After marriajje our subject and her husliand set- tled on this place. He was a prosperoas farmer and owned eight hundred acres of valuable land. He was a large stock-raiser, and a very energetic and enterprising man. Hy this marriage five chil- dren were born: Lucy L., It-ilph W. ("deceased;: Grace, George H. (deceased;, and Wiliiam H. (deceased). The death of .Mr. Blanchapl took place in June. 1H66. The second marriage of our subject t'Xjk place in 1869, U) Kdward T. King. His death occurred some years ago. Mrs. King is one of the largest land-owners in this section, having four hundred and si.\ty-ffiur acres of fine land, all under a high state of cultivation, which .-he rents. The loca- tion of her large residence is upon an elevation back from the highway, and is surrounded by a beautiful grove, which commands a fine view over the country Uj the South and West. .She and her accomplished daughter enjoy life, and spend much time at the fashionable summer reseen editor '•K\ and proprietor of the (Treenville Adcfyf-oAe, a paper which is so well known throughout this portion of the .State that it needs no special men- tion or eulogy in this biographical ^ketch. Mr. Tatham was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 27, 1836. His father wasa native of the eastern shore of old Virginia, and his mother came from the "tight little island." being a native of London, England, but of Welsh parents, who came to the United States earlv in their married life. The father of Mr. Tatham was a merchant for the greater part of his life, and hi- -ved in his footsteps until he settled in O. 111., in 1870, sine* which time he has Ijeen employed in editorial work. Our subject feels that e'iitorial work is a thorousrhly rnl-sionary one, for without the i^i^er progress would l>e hindered in every di- rection. Oiw world ha- t>een made smaller by the newsj^per and the telegrajjli, and its people and nations realize more than ever that they are but one farnilv in the broadest sense. ^^ALLEE HAROLD. The princif^al news- \/ paper, containing, first, that which every- y body wants to know of — news concerning their neighl)Ors and ifx-ality: Hicond. a review of the hapx^enings of the world in general; and third, formative opinions \>\ a keen. ?hrend. editorial mind, is the paf^er pre-eminently U-longing to Greenville and called the Sun. It L- so well edited as to merit and receive the lilxral patronage of citizens throughout the town and county. The editor of the Sua. wh'jse name adorns the head of this sketch. was lx»rn at Fredericktown. 31 o.. •June 4. 18.07. He is a sou of Dr. .John and Emma (Vallee; Harold, natives of Ireland and Missouri. res[>ectively. The former emigrated to America after completing his medical course in his native land. He first settled at St. LouLs and later went to Fredericktown. Mo., where he was engaged in the practice of his profession until hLs decease in 1860. His wife followed him five years later, leav- ing four children. The maternal grandfather of our subject. .John B. Vallee, was the first native in Ste. Genevieve, Mo., of any prominence who could ?peak the En- t'lish language and was c-alled by the natives '•Vallee L'Engletere" — English Vallee. He was a brother of .Joan Baptiste Vallee, commander of the L'pi)€r Louisiana district, while it was still in pos- session of the .Spanish Governor. As his name indicates, he was a native of France. 446 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Our subject was n lad of but eight years when deprived of his mother's care. Ilis father had passed away live j-ears previously. He was reared by his uucle, Joseph Bogy, of St. Mary's, Mo., who was an officer in the Federal State Militia. The young man diligently prosecuted his studies, and in the spring, of 1874 he was graduated at the head of his class from the college of the Christian Brothers, at St. Louis, hi 1877, he was admitted to the Bar to practice law, and three years later he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Ste. (jcnevieve County, Mo., and was re-elected to this position in 1882. He resigned tlie holding in 1884 and came to Greenville. While a resident of Ste. Genevieve, our subject was engaged in }>ublishing The Fair Play for four years, and on coming to this place he purchased the Sun. Four men are constantly employed in the office and extra hel[) is often utilized. In 1888, Mr. Harold was apjiointed Mastei' in Chancery of Bond County, which position he still liolds He is a Democrat in iiis political belief, and being gifted as a speaker he is fre(iuently i)ressed into service by his party as a campaign speaker. He holds a high place among the editors of the State. [f^REDERICK LAW. \\-J/'z There is a pithy West- In^ ern saying: l^ " It is not rank, or wealth or State, But 'git-up-and-git' that makes man great." The rapid and precocious growth of the Central and Western States, and the building up of commercial and social relations have necessitated an energy bare of other elements that would be considered impos- sible in the Old World. Our subject is one of the men who has made himself a name and position in consonance with this Western si)irit, and that with- out many other advantages. Mr. Law is the leading harness and saddle man- ufacturer of Nokomis. He is of German birth and parentage, having been born in the city of Baden, Germany, .lune 17, 1843. His father was Henry Law, a weaver by trade. His mother was Maria Law. When the subject of this sketch was but eight years of age his parents made the change from Germany to the New World, settling at Ham- ilton, Ontario, Canada. Here the youth grew up, having but small opportunity to develop in an intellectual direction, but intuitively grasping those better principles of life which help one to a natural growth and mental development. At the age of eighteen, the gentleman whose name is at the head of this sketcii began to learn the harness-maker's trade at Mount Pleasant, Can- ada, and just as Peace was spreading her white wings over the disturbed States, he determined to cross the line and make a home for himself as a citizen of the Union. He first engaged in his trade in New York State, working also in Penn- sylvania for a year, and in 18(55 he came to Illi- nois and was at once prepossessed in favor of Mont- gomery County. Two years later he establislied himself in business at Nokomis, and since that time has been actively engaged in the same line. He is a i)ioneer in his trade, and during the years that have passed his business principles, as well as in- dustry, have made him the best kind of returns — a large and prosperous business. Mr. Law is a Democrat in his political faith, and li.as the strength of his convictions in regard to the principles of his party — Free Trade and all. He has pla3'ed a prominent part in local politics, having generously given of his time and ability to the municii)al government, and has acceptably filled a number of the local offices. The confi- dence of his fellow-citizens in his integrity and abilit}- is shown by his recent election to the Presi- dency of the Board of Education., he having re- ceived this honor by a large and llattering major- ity. Socially, our subject is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows' lodge, and is a strong advo- cate of fraternal support. Mr. Law became a benedict in 1868, soon after becoming a citizen of the States. His nuptials were solenniized at Nokomis, his bride being Miss Susannah Jane Barringer, a native of this county. Death, however, robbed him of his companion three years later, leaving him as the pledge of their PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 447 love two ehildi-en, Rosina and Nellie. The. former is now the wife of Ciuirles Hill, of Pana, this State. Without the presence of a deft-handed, tactful and tasteful woman, home lacks its chief clement. This Mr. Law felt, and on March ;"), 187:!, he [ire- vailed upon Jliss Amanda jNIallina Cole, a native of this State, to take his name and liecome the head of his hoi-n February U', 18;i3. Ilis parents, Jolm and Nancy (Goodson) Harris, were natives of Ki'ntueky, and liis father U)cated in tliis county in l.S2(;. His grand|)arents were Rev. William and Naney (Hismith) Harris, natives of \'irginia. Tlicgrandfatlier was a minister in tiie Cumberland I'resl)3'terian Church and to that work devoted his energies throughout life. He was a large man, weighing two hundred and fifty iH)unds, and his wife weighed nearly four hundred |)uunds. They reared seventeen children, all of whom grew to mature j-ears, and seven of the twelve sons were preachers in the Cumberland Preshyteiian Church. Only three sons and one daughter are now living: Rev. W., of Tazewell County, 111.; Rev. .Tosiah, of Clarksburg, Tex.; Kev. Challam, of Kentucrky; and Mrs. (Jeorge Blewit, of Texas, whose liu>band is a minister. The mother of our subject was a daughter of William and .Sarah (Maxey) (ioodson, natives of Virginia, who were married in Kentucky. The father was an extensive farmer an <| IV)ILLIS WILLEFORD, for many years one \/\/// '-"^ ^^^ wealthiest and most prosperous far- \^l niers in his section of the State, now re- tired from .active agricultural duties, devotes his time to the man.agement of his large landed prop- erty. A native of liond County, Hi., l)orn .lan- uary 30, 1832, on the section wliere he now re- sides, he has, during his many years of useful and honored citizcnsiiip, held various (jtliccs of trust, whose duties lie lias cvei- discharged with unvary- ing and faitliful ability. Our subject is the son of .Tames and Nancy (Price) Willcford, and a half-l)rother to Robert "Willeford, a veteran of the Jlexican War. The Willefords were Virginians, and, in the earls- days, large planters and slave-owners. The paternal grandfather was a brave and energetic man who fought in the Revolutionary War, and who lived to almost round out one hundred years. Nancy Price, the mother of our subject, was the daughter of David Prii'e, who was born in \ii-ginia, in 177(1. His father, .lonathan Price, and paternal grandfa- ther, also named .Jonathan, were both natives of tiie Old Dominion. Later, some of the famils' found their way to Tennessee, from which State they emigrated to Illinois in 1827. The mother of our subject was born in 18(H), and died in her Illinois home, in 18S(;. Willis A\'illeford was the only child of his mother who lived to mature years, but l)y a former marriage his fatliei- had four other children. Our subject grew .t'e. He received more than an ordinary education for a farmer's son of those days. He has been a gen- eral agriculturist, stock-raiser and land speculator, but for the past few years has left the manage- ment of ills large farm to his son John, vviih whom he lives. IMr. Willeford owns some twelve hun- dred acres of fine farming land, and occupies him- self with buying and selling real estate. He is not, nor ever has been, an office-seeker, but he is a life- long Democrat, and for twenty 3-e.ars has been a member of t!ie School Board, and a School Trustee. Deeply interested in the advancement of educa- tional work, our subject has been closely identified with the |)rogress of intelligence and various needed reforms which have superseded the ci'ude and ineffective methods of early times. For over thirty-two years our subject has been Clerk of the Primitive Baptist Church, of which he is an exemplary and valued member. On Feb- ruary 22, 1855, he married Miss Polly A. Long, a daughter of the Rev. Peter Long, who for more than sixty years preached in this locality, and vvas also a teacher as well as an author of some note, having pul>lished many works of merit. Mrs. Wille- ford died May 5, 1873, leaving six children. .Tohn is the eldest, and was born March 3, 1856, and has been the recipient of a good education, which he h.as well ini|irovcd. He is a devoted Christian, and lias Ijoen a member of the Primitive Baptist Church for over seventeen years, and is the present Moderator of the church, and an ac- knowledged leader in all its religious and benevo- lent enterprises. Mr. John Willefiird manages liis father's large farm as well as liis own, which adjoins it, and conducts the business in a most thorough and effi- cient manner. He was married September 13, 1877, to Sarah K. Hunter, daughter of the oldest l)ioncer settler in Bond County, Marshall Hunter. This well-known and estimable lady had no chil- dren.. The next child of our subject was his daugii- ter Nancy K., who was born July 11, 1857, and is the wife of Hobert M. Hunter, son of W. McLin Hunter, a successful farmer in Ripley Township. James L. was born Fel)ruary 23, 1850, and mar- ried Septemboi- 8, I87'.t, to Miss Julia ,\. Claiiton, whose father was one of the pioneei's of the county. ((^^^Oi/l^-W^l/^jLyL PORTRAIT AJCD BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 453 and also lives in Riple}' Townsiiip. Martha E.. born iMarcii 6. 1HG3, was married Juno 27, IHSI, to B. M. File, son of T. I>. File, also one of Pxnid County's pioneers, wlio lives in Ripley 'I'ownsliii.). William Willis, born May 29, 186t!, was united m marriage with Miss Rose Tal)or, August 4, IK87; bis wife is a daughter of .lames Tabor, of Madison County 111. Mary .1.. born Oetolier 4, KSIJS, w.as married October 27, IBISG, to T. S. File, son of .1. N. File, one of the most pros|)eious farmers of Ri))- Icy Tow^nshi]). These sons and daughters of our subject, Willis AVilleford, are widely known for their enterprise aud general business abUitv, and exhibit in their character the traits of honest in- tegrity and sterling worth which have ever dis- tinguished the Conduct in lift' of both father and mother. »\~^fjin ^^ p* "jf ACOB CLEARWATER, M. I). The subject of the present writing is the oldest physi- cian of Lilchtield, having come here when there were only three houses in the place. He is the son vi Reuljen and .lane (Miller) Clear- water, and was born in Highland County, Ohio, I )ecember 27, 1ean County, III. When uine years old our subject accompanied his parents to McLean County, 111., and he well re- 21 members the time when, with his father, he at- tended the first sale of town lots at Bloomington, this State. When lie reached a proper age he \>c- gan to read medicine with Dr. iloran, of Leroy, 111., and afterward was with Dr. Wakefield, of Point Isabella, 111. S<.)me fiveorsix years later he entered into partnership with Dr. Lemon, and that connection continued for ten years. In 18r)4, Dr. Clearwater came to Lilchtield and upcned an of- fice for the practice of his prcifession. He soon won his way, for in those times the physician was the fi'iend as well as the healer, .'ind no call was disregarded though it came from many miles away. The good Doctor has traveled over the prairie as far distant as .St. Louis and ^lattoon on his errands of mercy. In those e.arly days he was obliged to make many journeys on horseback, no doubt, and (jrobably often over Indi.'in trails in- stead of good country roads. How many changes the Doctiir has seen in his long life herel The scho(_)l and church bells peal over the land where, in his early pioneer life, was heard the war-whooj) of angry savages. Rich mead- ows and fattening Hocks meet the eye where once grew wild |)rairie grass or the trees of natural growth. All these changes have lieen very appar- ent to the country ph\sician in a growing ci.immu- nily, and with the improvements in every direc- tion our subject took a deep interest. The active practice of Dr. Clearwater did not close until he w.as himself attacked, and liy one of those myste- rious maladies which liave always liatfled the skill of the most learned. He was paralyzed in his left .side in I8.S6, and this caused hiui to restrict his at- tention entirely to ollice practice. His patients would nolgi\e him up, but he was stricken a sec- ond time. Since that calamity he has recognized the affectionate wishes of his patients, and o|)ened an otfice in his home foi- tiiose who feel th.at they can have no one else. The first mai'riage of Dr. Clearw.ater united him with IMi.ss .Susan Stansbury, of Mcr>ea,n County. They became the parents of (jne child, that died four days after the death of its mother. Later the Doctor married Miss l-",lizabet.h, d.'iugliter of Sam- uel P.rickey, and t<) them nine children have been born, of whom three arc still living. Susan is the 454 POSTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. wife of John Miindou; Hester M., is the wife of Thoma.'- Tolly, of Wilmington, Del.; and Napoleon lives in the rei^idence adjoining that of his father. Oursubjeet built his present home in 1872, and has lived in this place ever since. Socially, he af- filiates with the Masonic fraternity, and Elliott Chapter No. 2. He and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. EMUEL ADAMS, a prominent citizen of Greenville, claims Ohio as his native State. He was born in Dayton, April 30, 1831. Through many generations the ancestry of the family is traced back to John Ap Adam, who left the marshes of AVales in 1310, and settled in Eng- land. Those in the line of direct descent are John, John Ap Thomas, William John, Roger Adams, Thomas, Nicholas, Richard, Robert, George and Henry, all natives of England. The family' name was Adam in AVelsh, and was finally anglicized to .Adams by Roger Adam, and the name remains the same now. Henry Adams came to this country in 1632 with eight sons, and settled in Hraintree, ^lass. One of his children, Joseijh, was one of the incorporators of Braintree in 1631. Anotherson, Henry, removed to iNIedford, jMass., in 1649, and served as Town Clerk, and was Representative to the Colonial Legislature in 1659, 1665, 1674 and 1675. He was also a Lieutenant in Iving Pliiliji's War, and was killed in his own dooryard by the Indians. His wife was accidentally killed Iw an Englisliman. We give below a copy of the will of Henry Adams, the founder of the family in this country. " First. m_y will is that my sonnc, Peter and John, and my dan. Trsula, shall have the ground in the Neck, both upland and meddow dur- ing the time I w.'is to enjoy it until it returne into the townes hands againe, from whom I had it. Also the aker in the millfields. My Will is that my bookes shall be devided aniongst all my children, that my wife shall have and enjoy all my other Goods so long as shee liveth unmarried, and if shee marry, then my Will is }'t Josephe, Ed- ward and my dau. Ursula should enjoy all mj' grounds in the tield that lyetli in the w.ay to Waymouth ferry, and my house Lott with all the houses and fruit tries and .all my movables, at the death or marriage of my wife: Provided they and their mother shall pay to my sonne Samuel that well is due him for the ground I l)ought of him to be payed in Convenient tyme. But incase God should deal with my wife that shee be con- strained to make use of something b\' way of sale, shee may. finally for movables my will is that my Sonne Peter and John shall have an e(iuall share with my sonne Joseph and Edward, and my dau. I^rsula. HENRY ADAMS, ,, Ti - 8, 4, 164 (. Braintree, M.ass. Kl( HARD Bi;A( KETT. \ Incrkase Nowej,l, Sec. Recorded in Suffolk Probate Records, Vol. 2, page 32. Amt. of inventory 75£'. 13s. IXCKEASK No well, ScC." 8, 4, 1647. Joseph Adams, son of Henry Adams, was the next in line in direct descent to our subject. Then came Joseph, Jr., born December 14, 1 654, and Samuel, who was born in Massachusetts in 1694. Nathaniel, born January 19, 1745, the great- grandfather of our subject and tiie son of Samuel, was also born in the Bay State, was a farmer by occupation, and was a Revolutionary soldier. John C. Adams, grandfather of our subject, was born in Philadelphia, I*a., and married a Miss AValdron, a native of New Jersey. The}- removed to Virginia, and from that State to Kentucky, in 1798. In 1800 they went to Ohio, settling near Springfield, where he engaged in farming. He afterward removed to Dallas County, Iowa, where ills death occurred at the age of eighty-eight years. John Adams, father of our subject, was born in Ohio in 1802, and married iMary Bacon, a native of New York. He emigrated to Scott County, 111., in 1850, and there lypiked at the trade of PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPmCAL RECORD. 455 coopering until Iiis reniovnl to tliis county, in 1852. lie settled in Mills Township, and after- ward cainc to Greenville, wheie he died in 1M77. His wife died the same week. He was seventy- five years of aye, and she seventv-tliree. In |)o!i- tics, Mr. Adams was a Repiililicaii. With the Meth- odist Church he held membersliip, and his wife was a I'i'eshyterian. Of their six children four are yet living: Nelson, Leiiiurl, .lohii and Harry. | At the age of seventeen years Lemuel Adams left home, and started to learn the blacksniith's trade in Indianajiolis, Ind. In \X')iK lie came to Illinois with his parents, remaining with them until after their remo\'al to Bond ('oiinty. He was em- ployed in a blacksmith shop and wagon works until 18G1, when, i)roini)ted by patriotic ini[iulses, he joined Company D, Twenty-second Illinois In- fantry, and was made Second Lieutenant. He participated in the liattles of Charleston, IJelmout, , Farmington, Columbia, and the siege of Corinth, , and at the battle of Belmont was wounded in the left arm and hiii. He was also taken prisoner and sent to Kentucky, but after a few days was ex- changed. He was then confined in the hospital for three months, and while there was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant. In .Inly. 1862, he rejoined his regiment, and the following No- vember, his health being completely broken down, he resigned his iiosition and retiu-ned home. After his return he served .as Deinity Sheriff, and later engaged in merchandising with good suc- cess for some j-ears. In 18.S-2 he was ajipointed Postmaster by President Arlliur, serving until 188G, when he was elected County Clerk. That office he filled four years. Mr. Adams was married in 1862 to Miss Julia F. Birge, daughter of Ansell and Millicent Birge, natives of Vermont. She died in 1874, leaving three children, Fnima, Fdgar and Cora. In 1H82, Mr. Adams married INliss Anna ftlorris, of Indi- ana, and they have a daughter. Mattie K. Mis. Adams is one of four cliildii'ii born to .John U. and Martha (Chappell) Morris, members of the; .Society of P'riends and natives of North Carolina. The grandfatlier, .loshua Morris, was a native of the same State, and a miller by trade. The great- grandfather, Nathan Morris, w.as also born in North Carolina, and his parents emigrated from Fngland tC) America in the seventeenth century, and lirst settled on Nantucket Island, Mass. Mar- tha Morris was a daughter of Oideon and Mary (S(piires) Chapi)ell, natives of North Carolina, and of Frencli and Scotch descent. The father of j\Irs. Adams was an extensive farmer. He emi- grated to Indiana in 1821, and there died in 1.S71), having survived his wife one year. Their chil- dren were Francis M., David W., Caleb .1. and Anna. In his social relations, ]\Ir. Adams is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Orand Army of the Republic. His residence is a fine home in the eastern part of Greenville. For many years he h;is been numbered among tbe leading citizens (if the county, and has borne a prominent [lart in public interests. He is true to every duty ilevolv- ing upon him, whether official or private, and the highest esteem of his friends and .acquaintances is his. ^>^^< f^^UK LIT(IIFIKLI) ITHLIC LIBRARY. The (([^^ above-named institution appeals to two V^^ classes of people with e<|ual l.ieneficeuce and graciousness. It is a wonderful eihu'atcir to tlie residents of the city, who have constant access to its well-filled shelves; to the stranger who may lia|)pen to lie within the pretty town and with but few, if any, ac(iuaintaiices, it is indeed atiod-seiid. The facts concerning its history are necessarily few and brief. It has another history, however, which is read in the lives of the growing \oung. |)eople il)rarv contains twenty-six hundred volumes, which have been selected with great care and in- dicate the taste v{ Litchfield's reading public. Last year lifty-lluee hundred books were taken out from the room and ten thousand five hundred visitors were hospitably received during the same length of time. The rooms are attractive and well kept. They are made cheery in the evening by the whiteness and brightness of the electric light. Its Board of Directors consists of nine persons aiipoinled by the City Council, and the present Board comprises the following persons: D. W. Ta^'lor, President; R. N. Paden, Vice-president; Mrs. F. R. IMilnor, Sec- retary; jNIrs. John W. Rose, .S. M. Orubbs, Ch.arles Bartling, Mrs. II. II. Beach, Mrs. I). P. Woodman, and (t. L. Zink. ^^=^USTAVUS R. SPANNAGEL is a promi- (f[ ig— nent and wealthy citizen of Nokomis, III, ^^^1 and was born in West Prussia, .\ugust 15, 1828, in which country his father was a farmer. On his farm our suliject grew to manhood, and in addition to assisting in the duties of the farm, he attended the public schools, receiving what in that country is termed a good business education. AVlien fifteen years old he w.as a[)[)renticed to learn the hardware business, which he followed for five years, after which he was connected with a silver- ware manufactory for two years, and then spent one year in the Prussian army, retiring with a Lieutenant's commission. He next went to Bel- gium, and for about a year and a-half he was em- ployed as l)ook-keeper in tlie office of a large im- porting and wholesale grocery house, where he found it was necessary for him to spe.ak four dif- ferent languages, which he was soon able to do. lie became remarkably priiM>s himself. He amassod a o;oodl\' for- tune ill this business, which lie continued to fol- low until 1880, hut continued to carry on a whole- sale agricnlliuai implement business for sometime afterward. In the sinin^' of l,s,s,') he cHine ti> No- komis, and here established himself in the linrd- ware, furniture and ajiiicultiiral implement busi- ness, which he has since successfully coiiducte(l. A man of large means and liberal views, he is ever ready to lend a hel|)ing hand to a worthy cause, and the citizens of Nokomis arc justly [iroiid to mimlier him as one of them. He is a prominent memlier of the (irand Army of the Re- liublic, and was for years ('omniander of the p(.ist at Ni.ikoniis, and in 18',)1 was an Aid-dc-camp on the staff of the Department Commander. He has been a member of the Independent Order of ( )dd Fellows for the past thirty years, and is a member of the Nokomis Town IJoard. While in St. Louis he was a bank director. In 18('r.^, while in the army, he was married to Miss Louisa Pleuger, a native of St. Louis, but of German descent, and to them a fnniily of four chihlren has been born, only two of whom are living: (iiistavus II., who is associated with his f.alher in business; and .Al- bert, wliu is a jeweler C)f Nokomis. ^|(OHN FIREMAN, a prominent resident of Pitman Town^liip. Montgomery County, is a native of Brunswick, (iermany, and was born December 18, 184 1. He was tlie son of .lacob and Elizabeth Fireman, both natives of (Termany, who S|)ent their lives in that land and nerer ventured across the lilne watei's of the At- lantic. Our subject was reared in iiis native place and obtained a good (Tormaii education, and since his arrival in America has learned our tongue with suiprising (|uickness. In 1858, he decided to bicl adieu for a time to his native shores and make his way to America. Hither he came, and from his embarking at Bremen until he landed at New Or- leans the buy of eighteen was receiving new impres- sions. Nine weeks were spent on the ocean, and when he landed he found still (piite a journey before him. He came up the Mississippi River to iMont- gomery C'oiinty. III., and began work for a farmer at S12anKuith. Here he laliored until the call came foi' volunteers in 18(il. and, like .ridget Leonard, a native of Ireland, and the daughter of I'atrick and Catherine Leonard, liotli of wliom are deceased. In the fall of 18(!5, Mrs. Fireman emi- grated to America liy way of Queenstown, and by steamer reached New York City in eleven days, and came to Sangamon County. Here she lived for several years and then came into Montgom- ery County, where she met .Mr. I'"ireman. The children who have resuiteti from this union are F^lizabeth, who istlie wife of Arthur ISrown; Katie, Mollie, William. Nora. Rosa, Michael. Henry and Albert. Louis is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Fireman aie connected with the Roman Catholic Clinrch, and aie regarded in that connection with great respect. Air. Fiieman has been a very hard-working man all his life and has earned his line land and sleek caitle by his honest, toil. Our subject is fond of seeing his friends, and his good wife assists him in showing hos- pitality, lie has a good record as a soldier ami 458 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. is kindly lemembered by many of liis old com- rades in arms. Tine ranks of these brave men grow smaller and smaller every year, and the time will come when such records as this will be highly prized by the friends and families, who will turn to the truthful tale of the old soldier with pride. 5Ir. Fireman is regarded as one of the most pros- [lerous and i)rogrcssive of the German-American citizens of Montgonier3- Count>'. F. McEWEN, the Superintendent of the Litchfield Marlile and Granite Company, 1 i whose name appears above, was born at Ilillsboro, March 17, 1842. His father, John McEwen, was a native of North Carolina, and being a man of considerable strength of char- acter, he was enabled to attain a pleasing degree of success in life, for in those early days it was only he who had moral and physical force who could successfully battle with the hardships of the day. In 1839, •John McEwen removed to Montgomery Count^^, being at the time a widower. He came here as a pioneer, for there was as 3'et almost no improvement. He had the advantage of a trade, it being that of a blacksmith, and for some time prior to his death, which occurred in 1848, he was Justice of the Peace, and many were the hearts and lives which he bound together in bonds of matrimony. He himself was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Filch, who was born in Olney, this State. She continued as his loving helpmate until lier decease in 1887. (Jur subject with his companion, Ed Lane, now a Member of Congress, was obliged to work in order to maintain himself while he went to school at Ilillsboro. After learning his trade, that of a marble-cutter, he enlisted in the war, April 23, 1801, volunteering in answer to the first call for troops, and joining Company H, of the Ninth Illi- nois Infantry. They did not, however, leave Cairo during the first one hundred days. He re- enlisted in the same com|iany and regiment, and went through all the important battles of the West, 1 includinij Fts. Donelson and Henry, and was at Cor- inth and Shiloh,at which latter place he was shot ' three times in one day. After this he was sent home (_)n a furlough as soon as he was able to go. On reaching Mound City, he was unable to go fai'- ther, and was obliged to lie down on the grass, with onl}' the blue sky abc>ve him for a canopy, remaining there for several hours, when he was put on board the cars and continued his journey home. After six weeks of recruiting health, our subject returned to his regiment, going with it to Atlanta, Ga., in that memorable march. His time of ser- vice having expired after that expedition, he re- ceived his honoralile discharge. He came to Ilills- boro and was there united in marriage to Miss Maria IM. Abbott, daughter of Stephen, and sister of William, Abbott, both of Ilillsboro. In the spring of 1866, the young people moved to Litch- field, and our subject soon after went into the marble business, opening a shop for himself, being sole proprietor of the establishment for twelve years. At the expiration of the time aliove mentioned, Mr. McEwen sold out his marble business and went into the grocery trade, but after an experience of five years in this line he returned to his old tiade, in which he was occupied at the time of the or- ganization of the Litchfield Marble and Granite Works. This organization, of which he was one of the original stockholders, was incorporated Janu- ary 25, 1888. Mr. T. C. Kirkland was made Presi- dent; S. M. Grubbs, Treasurer; and our subject Superintendent. Their capital stock was 13,000, and the firm is now running on a basis of about double that amount, there being a large amount of undivided profit. They are doing a business of about 825,000 annually, and this is constantly in- creasing in magnitude, the sales of last year being thirty per cent, more than the sales of the preced- ing year. Mr. McEwen was a stockholder in the Litchfield Investment Company at the time of its organiza- tion. In his political views, he is loyal to the PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 459 priiK'i|)les of tliu Demueratie part\-. He is a mem- ber of 11)6 Grand Army of the Republic, and thor- ouglily enjoys the reunions with his old comrades. He belongs to the Modeiii Woodmen of America, and is also a Knight of Honor. Of llie live children who owe the gift of life to oni- subject, Jlinnie II. is ihe wife of Charles Fleni- ming; Grace is the wife of James F. Robinson, liraidwood; JIaude A., Florence, and A. F.. Jr., are still unmarried. As a family, they are united in their religious views, all being devoted mem- bers of the church except Mr. McEwen. Our subject is more than ordinarily successfed in the affairs of life, and holds an honored place among the citizens of LitcliHeld, this fact being attested by the honor uhieh they have conferred upon him in electing him to the position of City Alderman. -^3j "^- ^+-^P— — ® Sv^^R. P. L. FREELAXD, of Nokomis, ill., is the youngest practicing physician and sur- geon in the place, and since 1885 has been the faithful and cfticiont })rofessional servant of the i)ublic in a community wliich has become more and more attached to him as the years have rolled by, while in neighboring towns and cities his skill has become recognized, and his services are in demand. Called into a family as a physician, he becomes a symiiathetic friend and counselor, and to his care, as a natural consequence, there are many trusts committed. Our subject was born in North C^arolina, near Statesville, March 20, IS,') J, a son of Thomas A. and C. S. (Lentz) Freeland, who were also natives of the old North State, his father being of Scotch- Irish descent, and his mother of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, her forefathers ha\'ing in an early day settled in that State. Thomas A. Freeland tilled the soil thioughout life on the farm on which be was born. Like other farmers' boys, the Doctor assisted his father with the farm duties during his youth, and at short intervals attended school until he was thirteen years of age, at which time his [larents left their native State to take up their I'esidence on the prairies of Illinois. They settled on a farm near Ilillsboro, in ^Montgomery County, and here he continued his foi'iiier occu- pation of tilling the soil and atteniling school, being for some time an attendant of the Ilills- boro Academy. As his father was by no means a rich man, the Doctor had to work his way slowly, and with the money he had received for his labors lie paid his own tuition at the academy. He was employed , to ring the bell and swei']) the schoolrofuns, and this he continued until he had attained his twenty-first year, when he went into a drug-store in Ilillsboro as a clerk. He remained here for one year, during which lime he acipiired a taste for the business, but in the meantime he taught a country school one term. In the fall of 1880, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Louis, whei'c he commenced to prepare himself for the nol)le calling of a phy- sician, and in the fall of 1.S81 and the si)rini;' of 1882 he attended lectures at the American Medi- cal College of St. Louis, from which he was gradu- ated in the spring of 1882. and the following August Ofjened an otlice at .Sandy IJeiid, Mont- gomery County. After practicing for nearly three years, he moved to the town of Witt, of which place he was a successful practitioner until the fall of 188G, when he went to St. Louis and coin- pli'ted his course in llie CoIlet;e of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating in the spring of 1887. Succeeding his graduation, our subject returned to Witt, where he continued t(.) I'cside until the spring of 1887, after which he continued his jmuc- tice at Witt. In 1888, he came to Nokomis, and here he has built up a practice that is much to Ins credit. It may be said of him that he stands at the head of his profession. Faithful and just in the conduct of his liusiness, as he is skillful and efficient in the practice of meILLIAM J. ZIMMERMAN. On section 21, \pj/l Harvel Township, Montgomery County, \^j III., may be seen a fine farm, upon which has been expended much care in cultivation and development. The land is well drained, well watered and adorned with plenty of trees. Six acres arc planted to apple trees of the best varieties adapted to Central Illinois. This well-ordered place belongs to the gentleman whose name is in- scribed above. He is a native of the Prairie State, born in Madison County, April 9, 1847, the son of John W. and Mary (Slaughter) Zimmerman. Our subject's father was bcirn in Germany, from whicii country he emigrated witli his wife in November, 1846, at the age of twenty-eight years. Arrived at Alton, III., in December. In the spiing he moved to a farm near Moro. He has farmed and owned land in Madison and Macoupin Coun- ties, and is now living near his farms in the vil- lage of Harvel, Montgomery County, III. He is seventy-five years old, hale and hearty. Of nine children born to our subject's parents, William J. is the eldest. The others are John II., Wade J. M., Melissa, Fiederick, Edward andHenrj". The two other children are deceased. The one sister of the family is now Mrs. Dues, of Madison County, 111. In early manhood, our subject divi- ded his years of growth between Madison and Ma- coupin Counties. He taugiit school two terms, was in the hardware business one .year, but, finding it not congenial to his tastes, he has fol- lowed agricultural jjursuits since. Mr. Zimmerman was married April!), 1871, his bride being ISIiss Marv Kciser, of Fosterburg, Madi- son County, TIL, a daughter of II. H. Keiser. They have a large family and their children seem to be well cared for. Much is expended to give them an education and to instill into them the better princii)les of life. The childien's names are Ida W., a pupil of Jacksonville Deaf and Dumb Asy- lum; John Franklin, a Freshman at Blackburn University', Carlinville, 111.; Ella Maria, Mary Matilda, Minnie Malissa and Bertha Martha Lena are attending public school; Frances Ilattie, An- nie Fredericka and Arthur Willis are the ^oung- est; Herbert William is deceased. The Zimmerman farm comprises one hundred and sixt}' acres of land under excellent cultiva- tion. .By industry and prudence, our subject has been able to reap a gratifying degree of success from his labors. He enjoys theiespect and honor of his fellow-citizens, who have shown their con- fidence in his integrity by electing him to various local olliees. He was Diainage Commissioner, and was the first one to project andj Ijy the able as- sistance of his neighbor, W. W. Whitlow, to com- plete Union Drainage District of Montgomery and Christian Counties near Harvel, whieli drains nearly eighteen hundred acres, and cost more than ^1 1,000. He has always taken an active part in pub- lic school affairs. Politically, he is a Republican and a member of the Modern Woodmen of Amei- ica. In their church views, he and his family alfili- ate with the Baptist denomination. V, ♦ss^^s* *^^^- 'jl? OUIS WAGNER, the pioneer marble dealer I (©) of Montgomery County and for over a JLAy. quarter of a century a representative busi- ness man of Ilillsboro, is an expert and accurate draughtsman and skillful carver, excelling in both the design and execution of his work. During the Civil AVar he furnished Harper's Weekly with man3- of its best sketches, and through the wide circulation of that magazine won for himself de- served recognition as an artist of ability. RESIDENCE OF LOU 15 WAGM ER, H I LLSBORO, ILL at»^a^= Jx .i. j . 'i ' ^t7 I > ' p ^ > > ■' 1^^ LEE ELLIOTT. Sorento is truly of musli- i.^ room growth, scarce numbering in its his- tory a decade, and yet so well and thor- oughly organized is the town as to com- pete successfully in commercial interests with many of its older sisters. It commands a s|jlendid agricultural district, and the trade enjoyed there- from is very large. Our subject, Mr. Elliott, is one of the pioneer merchants of the place, and is num- bered among the most substantial men here in business. He was born in Gr.a3'Son Ciiunty, Ky., May 20, 1856, and is the onl}' child of George and Lucina (Kessinger) Elliott. Our subject's father, (ieorge Elliott, was a lineal descendant of Commodore J. D. Elliott, who was second in command under Perry in his memorable flglit on Lake Erie in 181 2, and who succeeded to the office in 1813, and was in command of the Philadel- phia IS'avy Yard at the time of his death in 1845. The Elliott family was no doubt of Scotch ances- try, but the date and the name of the original emi- grant is a matter of conjecture, but was, as nearly as we can learn, early in the eighteenth century. The mother of our subject, Lucina Kessi-nger, like her husband, was born in Grayson County, Ky. She was the third child of William L. Kes- singer, who was born in Hart County, Ky., and was the son of Joseph Kessinger; the latter in turn was the eldest son of one Solomon Kessinger. he being the son of Mathias Kessinger, a German nobleman of great prominence and wealth. Solo- mon Kessinger w.as born in what is now the pro- vince of Bavaria, near the River Khine, in the united kingdom of German}'. He was educated by his father for a Catholic priest, but before tak- ing the vows he became enamored with one Betsey Groenwalt, and as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church forbade the marriage of the clergy, love, as is usual, won the da\', and he forever renounced Catliolicism, left his native land, fame and fortune behind and came to America, where he met his fiance at Baltimore. There they were married and at once went to what is now Hart County, Ky., whence the Kessinger family in America siirings. We have given sufficient outline of the ancestry of the Elliott and Kessinger families to show the patrician blood that tlows in the veins of the man of whom we write. He w.as less than a year old when brought to Illinois by his relatives. They located at Litchfield, where he was reared. He earl}' ap|ilied himself to obtaining a liberal educa- tion, which, by hard work and perseverance, he completed at the Litchfield Seminary before he had reached his nineteenth year. We will not attemi)t to follow him minutely for the next two j'cars. It is enough to state that from nineteen years of age he was employed as a successful teacher in the [niblic schools, spending three years of the time in Kansas. February 27, 1878, our subject was married to Miss JIaggie, daughter of Isaac Bishoi), a pioneer PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 465 of Montgomery County, and a veteran of the Mexican War, who died in 1863, leavino a snug fortune, a portion of which was inherited by the daughter. After marriage Mr. Elliott continued to leach, judiciously investing his earnings in land, which lirnught him in quite a eoiiifortahle income. Witli the proceeds of his investment, in ,Iune, 1882, he established himself in business at Hay niond, in the northern ))art of Montgomery County, but before he had been there long he saw a better liekl for his young and energetic mind on what was known as Pleasant Prairie, in Bond County, the .Jackson ville & Southeastern and Charleston, Neoga & St. Louis Railway Companies having formed a crossing. The town of Sorento was laid out, and we find that Mr. Elliott was among the lirst to establish him- self m business in the new place. iMoving his stock of goods from Raymond, our subject came here with the determination to de- velop his interests in jiroportion with the ilevclop- nient of the place. In l.S.si, he elected a Iwo- stor\ brick building, and therein he is now estab- lished in the general mercantile business. He was one of the original stockholdei's of the Sorento Coal Company, and for four years was a member of the Village Board of Trustees. His business in- terests are bj' no means confined to the mercantile line. He is engaged in the land, loan and insur- ance business, and carries on a heavy business in liuying and selling grain, and has handled large (juantilies of railroad timbers. As he is a Notary Public, he is fre(iuently called upon to look up and settle estates. Besides giving an able atten- tion to these various interests, he is d(^ voting much time to improving his beautiful suburban farm, where he is extensively engaged in fruit t-ultuie. He raises a good class of stock, having upon his farm some animals that are well pedigreed. Politically, our suliject springs from a long line of Whig ancestors, who all became Republicans on the organization of the party, and with this ])arty he was identified until 1884, when he joined hands with the Prohibitionists. Since that lime he has thrown all the energy and enthusiasm of his na- ture into the balance with his party. He is at present a County Central Committeeman and also a local manager. He has been a life-long tem- perance advocate. In his churcii associations, he is a Methodist, and no man in his locality is more devoted to the cause of Christianity than is he. Greatly interested in Sunday-school work, at the present writing he is Township Ch.airman of the State Sunday-school Association. Modest and unassuming, Mr. Elliott is a man who makes friends with all with whom he comes in contact. ACOB CRESS, who resides on section 26, Butler (Jrove Township, is numbered among the oldest of the [lioneers now residing in Montgomery County. He was lioni in Indiana in 1818 to Jacob and Catlierine Cress, who moved from North Carolina to Indiana, and then came to Illinois and settled in JMoutgomery County the same year our suliject was born. They spent the remainder of their days in this county and were useful and highly-respected pioneers. They left at their death ii large number of their de- scendants in this county. Of the large family granted to this worthy couple, there are yet liv- ing besides our subject: Caroline, who m.-irried Daniel Lingofelter, resides in llillslxuo; Sarah married Mr. Thomas JMcNitt and makes her home in Irving, 111., and Margaret married ;\Ir. David Gregory and lives in Irving, 111. Jacob Cress was brought to this ccuinty when less than a year old, in the year that the then Ter- rit(ny of lllinfus was admilled to the Union as a State. The public lands had not yet been sur- veyed by the Government, and Indians were nu- merous. Wild game was very plentiful and settlers few and far iietween. Our subject received his education in the subscription schools of that period. He lemained at home assisting in the clearing and developing of the farm liis father had secured. January 2.3, 1810, our subject chose as his life companion Miss Helena, the daughter of the Rev. Daniel Sherer, one of the pioneer Lutheran minis- 466 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRATHICAL RECORD. ters of Illinois. As v ears passed by, cliildi'eii jjatli- eied around llie liearllistone of our subject and ids wife until there were eleven in number, nine of whom are yet li^■int;', .as follows: Ahsolom A., a real- estate dealer of Ilillsboro, 111.; .John M., engaged in tlie real-estate business in Portland, Ore.; .1. I)., engaged in grajie-growing near Dinuba. Cal.; AVilliam S., who is associated with John M. at Portland, Ore.; Samuel E., a hardware merchant of Sorento, 111.; Benjamin L., a civil engineer en- gaged in mining at Red C'liiT, Colo.; Sophia L., the wife of Dr. Blackman, of Dixon, this State; .Joseph E., a farmer of Uomona, S. Dak., and Tliomas J., who is at home with his parents. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cress have been for many years connected with the Luthei-an Church of Ilillsboro. -«.}.- ^^>^^<^B i— *^r A. K. SAWYER, a prominent citizen and @/fj| | able business man, successfully ran a gen- eral store in Ilillsboro, Ill.,forover twenty years. He has now retired from active mer- cantile life and devotes his entire time to general farming and stock-raising. His beautiful home is located about one-half mile east of the city proper. The fine and commodious residence which adorns the handsome and well-kept grounds is one of the most attractive in JMontgomery County. Mr. Sawyer was born in Boston, his natal day be- ing August 8, 18.'3;3. Amos Sawyer, the father of oiu- subject, conducted a bakery in the city so famous for its brown bread. But the charms of the AVest were more potent than those of the Hub of the Universe, as Boston has been frequently desig- nated by its ardent admirers, and in the fall of 1842, Mr. Sawyer left his Eastern home, and determined to win success upon tlie Western prairies. He ex- pected to endure some hardships incident to pio- neer life, but he intended to enjoy all the comforts within his reiicli; a log cabin was not to iiis liking, and after his arrival in Ilillsboro ho liad a house built in IJoston, and siiipped from there to New Orleans, thence by river to St. Louis, from which city it was transported by teams to its final destina- tion upon the prairies of Illinois. The journeyings of this house and its subsequent erection in Ilills- boro, were long a theme of interest in the then sparsely settled country. The cozy home sheltered a happy family'. Mrs. Sawyer (formerly a Miss Kendall, of Massachusetts) appreciated the advan- tages she had enjoyed, and devoted much time to her children. They were five in number. The eldest of them was A. A. K., tlie subject of this sketch; then came Sarah C, who married the well- known i)liysician, Isa.ac W. Eink, M. D; Doctor Amos; Juliet, the wife of Jesse K. Phillips; and the last, a little one who died. A. A. K., who had attended school in Boston, finished his studies in the Ilillsboro Academy. At eighteen years of age he found employment in St- Louis, clerking in the first wholesale grocery house established on Second Street. In this position he remained two years, then became bill-lading clerk on the levee. The business of Chicago attracted him thither in 1860. In the (larden City he trans- acted a stock and grain business. Two years later ^Slr. Sawyer went to Pana, III., and from there re- turned to Ilillsboro, where he profitably engaged in general merchandising many years. Our suliject was married October 7, 1858, to Miss Sarah Ellen Brewer, the daughter of Judge Brewer, one of the early pioneers of Crawford County, 111. 5Irs. Sawyer was born October 1, 1836. This estimable lad3' became the motherof five children; the eldest, a promising little lad, died at the .ige of six years; Amos and Edgar reside in Ilillsboro; the daughter Nellie and the youngest son Ilurbert are still with their parents. Our subject is the possessor of a nice property, owning a store building and several dwelling- houses, all in Ilillsboro. His outside propertj' con- sists of five valuable farms, ranging in extent from eighty to three hundred acres in size. This land, all under cultivation, comprises a total of one thousand and seventy-five acres. Our subject gives his personal attention to all of the farms, and is not only a general agriculturist, but is also one of the largest stock-raisers of the county. Busy as is Mr. Sawyer's life he yet finds time to engage in many public and social duties. He is a PORTRAIT AND ISKJOKAPII'CAL RECORD. 4G7 Mason, member of Mt. Moriali Lodge No. 51, llillslioru. Politics occuiiy Imt little of Mr. Saw- yer's time, lie is an Iiidepeiulciit and votes aeeord- ing to his judgment. — ^"4**2* i**J* N ^\IIARLKS 11. RKU.M. The subject of this sketch was horn in St. Louis, Mo., Novem- ber 7, 18(;(l, and is the son of Charles and Christina (Sienuins) Keuin. The mother of our subject was a sister of the late Mv. Christian Sie- mans. who was one of the wealthy men of this com- munity. Our subject's mother dying when he was but three years of age, he w.as adopted by his uncle. Christian Siemans, who t;ave him a lilicral educa- tion, !i home in his famil_y, and the protection of a father until he was tvventy-one years old. The first position Mr. Reum took in the business wfu'ld was with the coal company, by whom he was employed fm- a number of years. In the spring of 18i)2, he, in partnership with Mr. Thom.as Scharf, engiiged in the livery business in Sorento, ( four vears; ;ind .\ugust, who diril when neaily a Near old, i\Ir. Reum is a .Mason in good standing, and niso belongs totheorderof the Knights of Pythias. lie is a most excellent business man, capable, in- dustrious and eneriietic. In his business career he has shown himself to be strictly honorable, trust- worthy and plain dealing, and he enjoys a high [lersonal standing in this community, in which he 1^ so well known. It is alwaNs a pleasure to the bir?' III., in a })roductive agricultural region 1^\\ confers upon it, of necessity, great import- "^i^! ance as a market for grain of all kinds, and this advantage f)f location is aided b\' almost every facility of transi)ortation, elevator capacity and other necessary eoiicomitants of agrain distrib- uting center. Prominent among the successful and tirmly established grain .'ind elevator merchants of Witt, stands the lirm of Di.\on & .Shuping, the memliers of which are business men of a high or- der of attainments. Mr. Dixon was born in Coles County, III., .Inly 17, I81."i, and is a son of William and Susan Di.xon, When five ye.ars of age, he was left an orphan and as a consequence knows very little of his ancestors. It is known, however, that they wx're very early 468 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. settlers on the prairies of Coles County, and it is believed that they were of Scotch-Irish origin. Left tlius early in life without the watchful and loving care of his parents, without a home and almost without friends, he was buffeted about with no one to si)ealv a kind word to hiin or to give him any idea of right or wrong. When he was only eight years of age, II. J. Ashmore, a prominent and wealthy citizen, interested himself in the wel- fare of tlie little orphan, who, even at that early age, showed unusual ability and jirecociousness. He went to live with his kind benefactor and here we find him when tlie clouds of the Civil War be- gan to gather. When the first call for three-year men was made, lie promptly tendered his services, and on the 27th of August, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-fifth Illinois Infantr}', as a |)ri- vate, with Col. Stuart and Capt. McCauley in com- mand. He was mustered in at Chicago and sent to St. Louis. From that point, he went to Paducah, and his first baptism of fire came April 7, 1862, at that most fearful and l)loody battle — Shiloh. From there, he went to Corinth, particii)ated in the siege of that reliel stronghold, and afterward was sent with his regiment to Memphis, where for a time his command went into camp. The next import- ant engagement was at Vicksburg, and later an ex- pedition up the Arkansas River to Arkansas Post, where the army captured the place and about six thousand |)risoners. After this, they were ordered to Young's Point, opposite Vicksburg, where they were engaged in cutting a canal across the pen- insula. After this followed the battles of Jackson, Champion Ilill, lilack River and the siege of Mcks- burg. For more tlian two montlis, his command was under the fire of the Confederate guns, and on the night of July 3, 1862, just before the sur- render, Mr. Dixon stood guard at Cen. Sherman's headquarters. He was next sent to Memphis and later was in the Atlanta campaign, assisting in fighting the battles of Marietta, Lookout Jlountain, Kesaca, Dalton, and all the otiier engagements of that great campaign. After the fall of .Atlanta, Mr. Dixon was taken sick and sent to the hospit.al at Chattanooga, where he was comjjelle*? to remain for al)out three mouths, or until his term of enlistment was out. He was discharged October 31, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn., and, broken in health, he returned to his home in Coles County, where for more than a year he was unable to do any manual labor. In the spring of 1866, he came to Montgomery County and pur- chased a farm in Nokomis Township. He followed agricultural pursuits very successfully- until 1881, when he bought the elevator at Witt, 111. Since then he has been a very successful grain merchant. About 1888, he was joined by AVilliam A. Shuping, and the firm became Dixon & Shuping, and this is now one of the solid grain firms in the county. Mr. Dixon was married, in 1870, to Miss Lucinda Ilouck, a native of Michigan and a daughter of Daniel Houck, who was a Pennsylvania Dutchman. Mr. and Mrs. Dixon have I)ut one child, a liright young lady of twenty summers, who completed her education at the Nokomis Iligli School. In politics, Mr. Dixon is a strong Republican and has held a number of local positions in the townsiiip. He is one of the Trustees of the School Board, and for two years was Supervisor of his township. He is a Grand Army man and a member of the |)Ost at Nokomis for the past fifteen 3'ears. >|<^E^.^ \Ij' ON. ELIZUR SOUTHWORTll. The lum- \l]i orable gentleman whose name appears (I4V^ above has been for many years one of the l|£); prominent legal lights of Montgomery County. For thirty-three years he held his own among the men to whom reason and equity are pre-eminent subjects of study. That his ability as a law3'er, his probity and honor as a man, and his position in the estimation of his fellow-citi- zens are fully assured, is shown by the fad tliat from the years 1877 to 1881 he was cliosen to represent them as State Senator for Jlontgi^mery and Christian Counties. Mr. Southworth was born in West Fairlee, Vt., in 182S. He is n son of Joseph and Susan (.Jenkins) Southworth, llic rurniei- ,■! farmer, ^s hfvye been so PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 469 many of the geniuses of Hie day and nation, our | subject was l)rouh and wended his way via Ft. Kearney, landing at Webbersville, El Dor- i ado County. lie had been live montlis on the route. (Jn arriving at his destination, lie at once began his search for gold at Coloma, where the lirst tind was made in l.s4'.l. He continue^0 of this gentleman, for he lives in the affec- tion of his family and friends as a devoted hus- band, a kind neighbor and piiblic-siiiriled citizen. He departed this life on the 27tli of August, 1892, and his remains were followed to their last resting- place by a large number of those who had for many years been his sincere friends. Of him no truthful tongue ever spoke ill, for his life pre- sented a clear and spotless page of noble deeds noblj' done. During the man}' years he resided in Pitman Township, he was to the people all that is required in good citizenship, public enterprise and sympathetic friends. In the love of his estimable wife he found his cares lightened, and in the re- spect of liis fellow-citizens received the reward of his faithfulness. Mr. Kirk was born in Lincolnshire, England, April 23, 1826, to the marriage of AVilliam and Ann Kirk, natives of that country, and was there reared to mature years. His father being an agri- culturist, the principal part of young Kirk's days were spent in the arduous duties of the farm, to the detriment of his education. Possessing a nat- urally bright intellect and active mind, he was mainl\- self-educated and wjvs a student all his life. By reading and observation he became thoroughly posted on all important subjects, and at the time of his death was one of the best-informed men in the county. With an idea of bettering his condition, ]Mr. Kirk decided to come to the United States, and in 18.50 he took passage at Liverpool. After being on the ocean for fifty-two days he reached New Orleans and came up the Mississippi River to Illi- nois, where he worked as a farm hand for some time. Later, he rented land, and after farming on this for some time, bought a farm in Macoupin County, and cultivated and improved this for a number of years. In the spring of 1865, he sold out and came to Montgomery County, settling on the farm where his family now resides. On the 24tli of May, 1858, he wedded Miss Eliza Parker, a native of Kentucky, born in Hardin County, April 4, 1834, and the daughter of David and Susannah Parker, natives of the Blue Grass State. She had two uncles on the maternal side in the War of 1812, and both participated in the battle of New Orleans. Mrs. Kirk was fifteen years of age when her parents removed to Ma- coupin County, III., where they were among the early settlers. To Mr. and Mrs. Kirk were born the following living children: Anna, William; Ella, wife of Hev. G. H. Cruzan. of the iMelhodist Episcopal Churcli; Elizabeth. John, Charles, Sarah and Frank. In 1865, Mr. Kirk with his family came to Montgomery County, 111,, and settled in Pitman TownshiiJ. He opened up and began de- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 473 veloping liis farm, and by hard work and energy, togetlier with good management, he became the owner of one of the finest farms in his section. On tliis our subject jiassed tlie remainder of his life, honored and respected by all. No better man ever made iiis home in the county. In character he was generous, free and frank, and as he was keenly alive to the sufferings and misfortunes of others, no one ever appealed to iiim in vain for aid or consolation. In him the community had a faithful and unswerving fiiend, ever alert to serve its best interest, and generous in his contributions toward every movement tending to the general advancement, lie was a strong advocate of edu- cation and had served as Director of Schools for some time, lie was identified witii tlie Repulilican party for many years, and was the leading spirit ill all worthy movements. He was a man of supe- rior intellect, with a gf)od fund of common-sense from wliich to draw, and his word was considered as good as his bond. He was noted far and wide for his integrity- and uprightness, and his death was a great loss to Pitman Township. His farm consisted of one hundred and sixty acres of land, the product of his life's work. ON. G. F. COFFEEN. Prominent among 1^ the successful agricultuiists of Montgomery County may be mentioned the name of Mr. Coffeen, who, after years of active and arduous labor, lias retired from fanning duties and is ])assing his time quietly at home in East, Foik Townshiii. For years he has occu|)ied a position of inlliience in tiie public affairs of this ciimmunity, and it is to his excellent judgment, wise foresight and general Imsiness ability that man^- of the valued publit' imjirovements of tlie township are due. He represented hiscon.>tituents in the Legisla- ture in 18t)(t, and for many years served :>s Town- ship Supervisor, and in these offices, as well as in others in which lie w.as (railed upon to serve, dis- charged the duties incumlient upon iiim in a man- ner eminently satisfactory. 22 Born in Watertown, Jefferson County, N. Y., .T>ine 19, 1819, our subject remained in his native place until he was twenty-five years of age. He received his education in the schof)ls of Water- town, and afterward aided in the suppoit of his [larents. His father, Frederick Coffeen, had been a farmer in the early part of his life, but for about twenty years kept an hotel in Chauniont, .Tetfersou County, N. Y. Henry Coffeen, the paternal grand- father, was boiii in New England and is supposed to have iieen a native of New Hampshire. Through his maternal ancestors, our subject traces his descent from one of the heroes of the Revolution. His grandfather, Abiier Hubbard, was a conspicuous figure in the stirring scenes of 1776. He was a man of indomitalile will and cour- age, and rushed to the defense of Ids country with such pati'iotic spirit, that he w.as immediately made Captain. It is one of the family traditions that he was the first Captain mustered in as such. Hubbard's Bay, Jefferson County, N. Y. was in later years the home of the old veteran, and there his daughter Elcena was born, and (lassed her youthful days. She was united in marriage with Frederick Coffeen and bore him four daughters and two sons, all of wlioiii lived to maturity. The faithful mother passed to her rest in Cliaumont at three-score years and ten. Mr. Coffeen spent his last days in Omar, Jefferson County, N. Y. G. F. Coffeen, the eldest son, was married in New York State to Miss Mar.v A. Bell, a native of Herkimer County, liut of German ancestry. Our subject and his wife came to Illinois in 18.')2, and located iiermaiiently wliere he ikiw resides. The town of Coffeen was founded by our subject and it was not long before settler.-! began to arrive there from various parts of the country. In a short time Mr. Coffeen, who had owned the entire town site, had sold most of the lots. He still re- tains a good frontage, upon which he has erected a number of buildings. To him alone is due the fact that the line of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kan- sas City Railroad passes through the village of Coffeen. The idea met with a great deal of op- position from )iarties who wished to secure the road at other points, but his ()erseveranee, energy and tact were successful in removing all opposition, 474 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRArHICAL RECORD. and the railroad followed the right of way staked out by himself. The entire property once owned by Mr. Coffeen had an area of eleven hundred and forty acres, all in one body of land. The greater portion of this tract is now owned by the children of our subject, their father retaining but two hundred and forty acres. Mrs. Coffeen, who had shared the privations of pioneer life with her family, and who had also lived to enjoy their prosperity, left many to mourn her loss when she died in 1891. She had been the mother of three children, two daughters and a son. One child preceded her to the better land; those who survive are Frederick 11., and :Mary,the wife of John McLain, of Montgomery County. Mr. Coffeen has lived to witness man3' wonder- ful local and National changes. Neighbors to whom in early life he tendered a helping hand are man}- of them no more; the customs and times are changed; the primitive homes are giving place to handsome residences, but with all the vanishing old landmarks, Mr. Coffeen still clings firmly to the wise teachings of early youth. Away back in old New York Stale fully fifty years ago, his father voted the Democratic ticket, and to-day his son still endorses the same platform. He has always been a public-spirited citizen, ready and willing to aid in any enterprise established for the public good. ^ILLIAM LAWS. This gentleman is one /// of many who have spent the greater por- J^xy tion of their lives in developing the coun- try, that their children and grandchildren might enjoy the advant.iges which thev themselves were denied. In trnlli, we to-day are the "heirs of all the ages" and profit by the labor and self-denial of the hard-working classes of time past. Mr. Laws was born in Todd County, Ky., November 15, 1826, and is a son of Fielding Laws, who was born in North Carolina. In that Slate the elder Mr. Laws was reared hul he later moved lo Kentucky. About 1830 he came to JJond County, 111., took nj) land from the (TOvernnicnt, and made his home on the same until his death, when seventy-four years of age. The grandfather was a native of Virginia, in which Slate he passed his entire life. He was of Irish descent. Fielding Laws married JNIiss Betsey Vaughn, a native of Kentucky, where she was reared and married. .She lived to be about sixty-eight years of age. Her father was a native of the Emerald Isle and when a young man came to America. Our subject's father and mother were the parents of eleven cinhh'en, nine of whom grew to man- hood and womanhood, married and became heads of families. One of these has since died. Our subject, the eldest of these children, was about four years of age when he came with his parents to Bond Count}-, 111., and his schoolboy days were spent in the little log selioolho\ise of pio- neer times. He remained with his parents until twenty-two years of age, and in May, 1848, was married to Miss Mary M. McCaslin, a native of Caldwell County, Ky., born November 26, 1828. She came with her parents to Bond County, 111., when about three years of age. Her father, Thomas McCaslin, was born in Kentucky, as was also her moliier, Sarah (Robinson) McCaslin, and both were of Irish descent. After his marriage our subject located on the section where he now lives and began life in a very primitive and simple vvay. He first built a small log house, 16x16 feet, of round logs, with no windows, puncheon floor, clapboard door, and mud and stick chimney. He had sixty acres of raw land to start with, one yoke of oxen and one cow. Although this young couple started out under rather unfavorable auspices, they were am- bitious and frugal, and by hard work and good management soon began to gather around them many of the comforts and conveniences of life. Mr. Laws is now- the owner of three hundred acres of land, all under cultivation, and in connection with agricultural pursuits is eng.aged in stock-rais- ing. He and his estimal)le wife have made all j their jiroperty by their own exertions and can now pass tlieir declining years in ])eace and com- fort. As the years crei>t along, ciiildren gathered PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 475 around the fireside, three daughters and six sons, who were as follows: Sarah K., wife of .lohn McLean, of Bond County, 111.; Tiiornas G. (see sketch); Lueinda M., widow of (). F. Lewy, of East Fork Township; Alfred W.. of Bond C(iunty, 111.; Fielding F., also of Bond County, III.; Mary E., wife of Charles Binder, of East Fork Townslii|); Ch;iiies L.. also of East Fork Township; William II. and Albert P. (deceased). All these children were reared on the farm where our subject now resides and wiicrt; he has spent the principal [lart of his life. He is one of the first-class citizens of tiie county, and during iiis long career here nut a word could ever be said against his honesty and uprightness. He has been a Republican since the war and has held a numlier iif otlicial positions in tiie town- ship. He is interested in educationni matters and was School Director for some time. In every laudable enterprise he takes an active part and is a public-spirited citizen. ^^EORGE W. FLINT, a manufacturer of III f-—, brick and formerly a dealer in lumber and ^Ciii^l coal, is numljered among the leading busi- ness men of Greenville, Bond County. A native of St. Clair County, III., he was born February 6, 1H47, a son of William and Mary ((iedney) Flint. His parents were botli natives of England, uho, immediately after their marriage, crossed the broad Atlantic to the United States. This w.as in the sjjring of 1842. They located in LeI)anon, St. Clair County, and Mr. Flint eng.'iged in farming. In 1848, he purchased a farm about four miles north of i^ebanon, and there engaged in agricul- tural pursuits for nearly twenty years. He then purchased a farm of two hundred acres of land, ad- joining the corporation limits of the city, and made his home thereon for ten years. In 1H78, Ik^ removed to the city and his death occurred the same year. In politics, he was a Bepiiblicaii, was a lifelong member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a highly respected citizen. The Flint family numbered nine children, eiglit of whom are yet living: Mrs. JIary Nelson, of Jlissouri; Edith M., wife of Kev. L. W. Thrall, of (ireen ville; (icorge W.,of this sketch; Kev. John W., Presiding Elder of the Mellmdist Episcopal Church, with a residence in Cnrboiidtih'; .I;inies (i., a nian- ufacturingciiemist of Decatur, III.; Henry H., vvho resides in St. Louis, where he conducts a grocery store; Samuel L., a salesman in tlii' jewelry house of Brooks Bros., of St. Louis; and William W., who is general .agent for a Chicago publishing hfiuse, and resides in Lebanon. In the usual manner of farmer lads, our subject was reared to manhood. His education w.as com- pleted by his graduation from McKendree College, of Lebanon, in 1872. Previously he had taught for a time, and after his graduation engaged in teaching one term. For a year after finishing school, he remained at home, and then started for Iowa, where he engaged in teaching .and fanning near Glenwood, about eighteen miles s(uith of Council Bluffs, where he remained three years and a-half. He then returned home and later went to Mt. Olive, ]M.acou|)in County, where he conducted a lumber yard and a drug store in company with his brother, James (i. This i)artnership continued for five years and they did a successful business. During his residence there, Mr. Flint was mar- ried, in May, 1881. to Miss Anna E., daughter of T. C. Kirkland, of Litchfield, .Montgomery County, III. One child graces their union. Earl W., born November 3, 1.S8."). In I882, Mr. Flint came with his wife to (irecnville. and engaged in business here. In his political views, our subject is a Kepub- lican, and socially, is connected with the Knights of Pythias and the IModeru \\'oodnien. In the Methodist Eiiisoopal (■liurch he is a faithful and consistent memlier, and serves as one of its Trus- tees. In the ten years of his residence in Green- ville he has built u|) an excellent trade, and by his courteous treatment of his jiatrons and iiis fair and honest dealings, he is now doing a fine busi- ness which yields to him a good income. He is recognized as one of the siibstanlial, prominent 476 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and representative citizens of the community, and has the confidence and high regard of all with whom business or social relations have brought him in contact. Wj OHN CLANTON, an early settler, prosper- ous farmer, and influential citizen of Rip- ley Township, Bond Count}-, 111., w.as born in North Carolina, October 2, 1821. His parents, .James and Elizabeth (Anderson) Clanton, were .also natives of Ninth Carolina, but were nn- doubtedlj- of Scotch descent. Early in their mar- ried life the}' removed with their family to Illi- nois, and in 1829 located near Greenville, wliere an uncle, .John Ellis, had settled in the early d.ays of 1816, up to which time the history of the State is one continued narrative of contests with the savages. I^or twenty-six years the parents of our subject together shared tlie toil, cares and privations of pioneer experience, and then, in 1847, the faith- ful, loving wife and mother passed awa\'. In March, 1860, after nearly two-score years of con- stant residence, the father died upon the place north of Greenville, where he had settled with liis family when young, ambitious and energetic, .lohn Clanton was the sixth in a faniil}- of ten chiUlren, of whom but three are now living. Chapman died in Bond County, when lie was about forty-five years of age; Wesley passed away in tlie old liome, in .lanuaiy, 1873; Alfred lives in Siioal Creek Townshiji, Bond County; Enos A. died in 1873; Mary is the wife of David 15. Wood, a suc- cessful farmer of Macoupin County, 11!.; Martiia married Ilezekiah Campbell, and died in Bueiianan County, Mo., in 1880; Sina died in blooming niaideniiood, at seventeen j-ears of age; Edwaid lived to be nineteen years old; (Tcorge Wasliing- ton, witli the promise of a briglit inanliood. died at seventeen years^of age. Our subject, .John ( lanton, grew up to manhood on liis father's farm, lie was early trained in all agricultural duties, and was for years employed in assisting his parents, during boyhood gaining the crude education offered by the subscription schools of those pioneer days. With the excep- tion of a short time, when Sir. Clanton was en- gaged in the farm-implement business in Poca- hontas, he has devoted his life to the tilling of the soil. In 1847 he purchased his present farm, and with knowledge gained by years of experience, coupled with wise and energetic maliagement, soon brought the land up to a high state of culti- vation. Carefully preparing the soil, ploughing, sowing, and reaping the harvest, toiling faithfully year after j'ear, our subject has won a competence, and now, at three-score years and ten, can look with satisfaction upon the record of his useful, upright life. In 1846 Ml'. Clanton was united in marrisige with Miss Margaret Ellen Gracy, who died five years later, leaving one child, a daughter, Mary. This daughter lived to become the wife of Jacob File, and died in 1876. On June 24, 1852, our subject was a second time married, being united with Miss Martha File, the daughter of Moses File, one of the highly respected pioneer settlers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Clanton have had nine children, of whom seven survive to cheer the declining d.ays of their parenls. by wiiom thej' were so tenderly reared and carefully trained in the necessary duties of life. Elizabeth, the eldest, who was born April 12, 1853, died February 10, 1873, in the prime of youth and hopeful anticipa- tions of a useful life; James, born Jnl}^ 26, 1854, is a prominent and well-known resident of Ripley Township; Moses F., who was born May 8, 1856, is a prominent citizen of Pocahontas; John Henry, born May 9, 1858, now makes his home on the farm with his parents; Julia A., born October 26, 1860, is tlie wife of James AVilleford, a prosperous young farmer, and son of Willis Willeford, one of the substantial aud wealthy men of his section of the country; Lydia A., born January 28, 1863, is tlie wife of lleiuy llofrman, of Columbia, 111.; Martha N., who was born March 24, 1865, died September 9, 1875; Dora F., who was born No- vemlier 2, 1869, married John MoUet, March i7, 1892, a successful farmer of Pierron, 111.; and Em- PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ily E., born May 9, 1876, is now engaged in study at Cohunbia, where she is receiving excellent educa- tional advantages. Beside their own large family Mr. and Mrs. Clanton adopted and carefully reared two chil- dren: Marion ('. Kile, who was boiii February 4, 1868, and died I<"cbruary 21, 1.SS1; and .lulia M. File, born January 30, 1873, who now resides with her adopted parents. Mr. Clanton, his wife and children are all highly respected, and occupy |)0- bitions of prominence and intluence in the county, where they are widely known among a large circle of acquaintance. Our subject and his wife are members of the Primitive Baptist Church, and have ever been found among the active workers of the organization. The^' are both interested in the matters of the day, and are advocates of prog- ress and refoini. Mr. ClantC)n has never been prominently connected with political life, l)Ut he is an adherent of the Democratic [iiinciples and votes the ticket. _y RS. M. J. 8TAI1L. The husband of her whose name introduces this sketch was born in Chodziesen, Prussia, in 1833. He received his edueatitory and welfare of Litchfield. Their home is one of the most beautiful residences in the town, situated at the junction of Jackson and Harvard Streets. Mrs. Stahl was born in Alliany County, X. V. Her [larents were Aaron and Susan (Blooming- dale) Waldron. She received her education in Albany, and made her home llieie until the death of her parents, when she moved to Bloomington, III., at which place she became the wife of Mr. Stahl. Mrs. .Stahl is a woman of much ability and many noble tiaits of character, nuiiiberiin>- among her friends the best pcojtle in Litchfield. Her re- ligious belief is that of the I'resb\'tcri;ui Church, 478 POETRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and her attitufie toward her fellow-creatures is that of one who delights in doing a kindly act when opporlunitv offers. The bereavements of her life have been many, and her many charitable acts and kindly impid.^e.s are the best proof that she her.., deceased; Charles E., also of Hillsboro; Eddie, deceased; Mary C, wife of George Moore, of East Fork Township, this county; Martlia A., wife of James Barringer, of Hillsboro; Emma C, wife of John Stephens, of East Fork Township; Nettie and Etfle, at home. Mr. Swan is the owner of two hundred and ten acres of land and, in connection with tilling the soil, is engaged in stock-raising. In politics, he is a devoted Democrat and has held a number of township offices, being Road Commissioner and School Officer. ELMER W. DENNY. It is probable that the gentleman of wlioni we write has an experi- i ence extending over as many years in this particular locality as almost anyone in the county, for he was born in Shoal Creek Township, Bond County,' September 18, 18;3(). He is a son of James E. and Mar}' P. (White) Denny. The father was a native of North Carolina, born in 1796, and in 182.3 he married Mary P. White, also a native of that State. The two families had emigrated to Illinois in 1813, although tlie White family settled in JIadison County. James Dennj- died in 1843 and his wile passed away while still on the old homestead, December 2, 1883. Mr. Denny was one of twins who were next to the youngest of a family of eight children. Frank- lin S. was born in October, 1825, and lives at Springfield, Mo. John W. was born June 18, 1828, and went to California with the memorable '49ers. He there made a permanent residence and died January 18, 1878. Oliver ('., who was born April 30, 1830, and served for three j'ears in the late war, now owns the old homestead; James E., who was born June 12, 1832, is a wealthy mine owner and politician in California; Juda A.,who was born November 4, 1834, married John N. Prickett and died December 29, 1883, leaving two children, AVilliam S. and Addie. Our subject's twin brother, Theron L., died in the army October 4, 1861. Will- iam IL, who was born April 26, 1842, is a farmer in Southwestern Kansas. The father of tliis family was a man of considerable education for an early day, and was more or less engaged as a teacher. In 1871, our subject purchased two hundred and sixty acres of land which adjoins the old home- stead and has since bent his energies to its cultiva- tion. Most of his attention is given to the stock business, which he finds very profitable, as there is not so much liability of loss from conditions of weather and similar causes. Our subject was married January 26, 1868, to Miss Ann Finle^-, who, like himself, was born in this county. Their children are as follows: Ledger Tiieron, born April 16, 1869, is now a bus- iness man of Sorento; Elmer AV^alter, born July 3, 1871, has just completed his education and is at present at home; Anna S., born July 25, 1873; George O., January 5, 1876; Cordelia Jane, Febru- ary 2, 1878; and William Chalmer, March 26, 1881. M^^^. Harris, The tirm remained V. B. Harris >Vr Co. for a space of three years, and at the end of that time onr suliject sold his interest there and came to Pierron, in 1885, and on .September 14 opened a general store, which he continues to conduct at the same place. On November 3, 188;j, Mr. ]\Iiller was married to Jliss Mary Field, who was boin in Waterloo, Monroe County. III., and tlirec little ehihlrcn came to bless the home of our subject. 'I'hey are: Mal- vern, Natalie and Urban. Natalie died October 1, 18;i"2, at the age of almost four years. The busi- ness which Mr. Miller linds most prolitable is a general stock. His goods are of the best kind and of the greatest variety, including di-y goods, gro- ceries, boots and shoes, furnishings and notions. He takes great pride in his business, as ho has built it uii himself, almost unaided, and fr(]m a begin- ning so small that it fiecomes unneccss.'iry to men- tion it. Mr. Miller is a l)em<_>crat in his political faith. He was appointed under (iarheld's administration to be Postmaster, and held the position for two years, and was re-appointed in 18;M) under Presi- dent Harrison. He wished to resign this last spring, but so popular is he with all classes.that he was not permitted to do so. As Justice of the Peace he has given good satisfaction for the past two years. The Inde|)endcnt Order of Odd F'cUows claims liim as a member in the lodge at Greenville. Probably there is no man of his age who is so popular in Pierron, and he has won this kind feeling by his genial manner and good judgment in his mingling with his fellow-men. 11 ROF. CALVIN I5LIZZAKI). the efticientand honored .Superintendent of the schools of Bond County and a well-known resident of Greenville, was boi'ii iSIarch 12, 1852, in Dudleyville, Mills Township, and is a representa- tive of one of the earliest families of the county, his grandfather, .lames Blizzard, becoming one of its earliest settlers. He was a native of Kentucky and was of English descent. Tiie [larents of our subject were Rev. .lohn .1. and Catherine (McAd- ams) Blizzard, and both were born in this couiitw The father was a farmer and school teacher, and was also a local minister of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. The last sermon he preached was a funeral sermon. He filled the office of .Tustice of the Peace and took quite a iiromineiit part in poli- tics. During the war he was a stanch friend of the Union. He died .June Hi, 1883. His wife still survives him and yet makes her home in this countj'. Their family numbered ten children, seven of whom are yet living: Calvin, II. Wal- lace, Lucy H, .lohn J., Solon E., Fannie and Stella. Prof. Blizzard remained on the home farm until seventeen years of age and then began clerking in Dudleyville. After attending McKendree College fcu' a year he began leaching, and followed that profession continuously from 1871 until Decem- I)er, 18'.H). He w^as employed for eight yearsin one school in Mills Townsliiit, and is an able instruc- tor as his long-continued service in various localities fuUv testilies. 484 PORTRAII AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. On the 4 til of October, 1875, Prof. Blizzarrl was married to Miss Maggie White, of Dudleyville, daughter of Leandcr and Rebecca White, early settlers of this county. Tlie}' have a family of three children: Alvin, Effie and Nellie. In 189(1, Prof. Blizzard was elected to his pres- ent oUice. He has one hundred and eight teachers under his charge and his time is fully taken up with ofiice work when not visiting these. His able administration of affairs has won him high com- mendation. He has held the office of Township Trustee for six years, and was the first Clerk of Mills Township. Socialh', he is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Modern Woodmen, and in religious belief is a Methodist. He united with the church when sixteen }-ears of age and is one of its faithful and consistent members. For some sixteen years he has served as Superintend- ent of the Sunday-school. He takes a prominent part in all public affairs calculated to benefit the town, count}- or State, and is one of the wide- awake and progressive young citizens of the com- munity, who has the high regard of all with whom he has been brought in contact. ^ AMES W. JETT, Esq., is one of the promi- j nent and wealthy farmers of Bond County, ^-v^ I who has seen almost all of the wonderful !^^' development and growth of this section, and one who has been an important factor in the same. He was born in Oldham County, Ky., De- cember 27, 1824, and was the son of William B. Jett, who was a native of Virginia. Grandfather Jett was a farmer in the Old Domin- ion, a descendant of English ancestors, and a sol- dier in the Revolutionary War, and in that State he died at an advanced age. Tiie father of the gen- tleman of vvhora we write was a shoemaker by trade, and he settled in Kentucky when a young man and there he married. He landed in this county between Christmas and New Year's Day in 1834, having journeyed from Louisville to Evansville by boat and from there by wagon to this place, where he took up Government land and settled on "Jett Prairie," in Mulberry Grove Township. Here he built a double log house and followed shoemaking for some time but finally devoted all of his strength to farming. He improved eight^^ acres here and had it well cultivated at the time of his death in 1854. The mother of our subject was Clarissa Parker, who was a native of Indiana and became the mother of ten children, five of whom grew to maturity: George W., Owen, Henry C., Elizabeth and James W. The mother died at the age of forty-eight years and both she and her husband had been members of the Christian Church. In his political faith, he had been a AVhig and was a man who commanded the respect of all. Our subject had reached the age of ten years when he came into this county, and his first school- ing was received in a little log schoolhouse, where the chimney- of mud and sticks was picturesque even if it did smoke, and the writing table was a slab against the wall. The logs had no chinking between, so there was no difficulty about venti- lation in those days, and happy and hearty were the pupils, and from out that simple sclKiolhouse have gone men like our subject, strong and sensi- ble in mind and capable of conducting the affairs of the county and State. Deer and wild turkeys did not have to be sought in those days, as they came by the cabin doors, and often has our subject shot both without leaving home. Wolves were troublesome and destructive, and precautions had to be taken against them. The marriage of our subject took place in 184 7, when Miss Pernecy Smith became his wife. She was born in Kentucky, came here about 1840 and became the mother of eleven children, of whom the following yet live: George W., Henry B., Isaac N., Mary J., Laura, Agnes and Ida. John, Thomas, William and a daughter unnamed are deceased. Our subject settled upon his present farm in 1849, and built a small frame house and has here made all of the improvements. He has been a hard worker and now has the satisfaction of owning three hundred and thirty-five acres of land, upon which he has raised great crops of grain and many PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 48r) head of stock and has made a success of both hav- ing fully i)i-oved the fertility "f Illinois land in Bond County when properly cullivated. Both Mr. and Mrs. Jett are members oC the Christian Churcli. and to its sujjport he has liber- ally contributed. In his political lielief our subject is a Re|)ublican of the deepest dye. He knows well why that is his faith, for no one in this [lart of the State is better posted u|)on public questions. The political history of the country with which he is familiar would do credit to the position of a statesman. jMr. .lett has tilled some of the impor- tant offices of the district, as for three years he was a Justice of the Peace and has been one of the School Directors. -^^ IEORGP: J. KAMSKY. The subjeet of the li ^w) P''''**6"t sketch is a member of the firm of ^?^Si Ramsey it Austin, dealers in hardware, queensware, glassware, stoves and ranges, located near the corner of .State and Ryder Streets, where he h.as been in business for the past five 3'ears. lie is well known in commercial circles in Litch- field. The subject of this notice was born in Slifliin County, Pa., Se|)tember 17, 184i), and is the son of William 11. and Mary dearer) Ramsey. The occu- pation of the father was that of a carpenter, but the tastes and abilities of the son did not lie in the same direction. The latter of)tained his educa- tion in the schools of Lewistowu, Pa., and when he completed his studies there he began to tliink of the future. The advice of Horace flreeley to the 3'oung man to go West and grow up with the country has had an effect upon the future of many of the youth of the country, and may have had something to do with the destiny of JMr. Ramsey. He came West and located in Harvel, in this county. He left his parents in Pennsylvania, where they still reside, and faced the future with not a verj- large bank account behind him. Mr. Ramsey located in Harvel in 187,") and went into the drug business, which his industry, com- bined with a pleasant iiersonality, made lucrative. He devoted his time entirely to drugs for about seven years, when, .as the place grew, he added a large stock of hardware and connected the two lines. He managed thus for about three years when an oi)portunity came for him to sell, and in 1887 he sold out this luisiness entirely and moved to Litchlield. He there formed the present [lart- iiership with Edward Austin, and established the business which the firm has siiiee made so success- ful. Before leaving Harvel, Mr. Ramsey had to l)art with appreciative fellow-citizens, who had honored him with the ollices fif President of the Town l>(jard and Township Clerk. ( )nr suliject was united in marriage to Miss Laura T. Austin, of this [ilace, who is the ilaugli- ter of E. K. Austin, an old and respected pioneer. The marriage took place November .5, 1H79, and two children have been added to the household, Stella and Retta. ]\Irs. Ramsey is a native of Mississippi, and her father came to this county very many years ago, and occupies a fine farm two miles out of town. Mr. Ramse^y does not coneern himself at present about politics. He has many luisiness interests now that require his time and attention. He is a stockholder in a threshing machine comiiany, and also in the Eirst National Lank ever since its or- ganization. Socially, he is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, and is a man who takes a deep interest in matters of improvement. He has earned all of his possessions liy his own exertions, having always been energetic and industrious. %^ ON. FRANK R. MILNOR, the efficient li Mayor of the city of Litchfield, was born ^^ in Alton, 111., December l.i, 1846. His (^) father,.!. ('. ]\Iiliior, w.-isa native of I>ristol, Pa., where he was reared and educated, but finding the East too constricted for his reipiirements, he sought the West to found for liimself a new home. 486 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Alton, 111., was the cily uf his selection, and here he became identified witli the interests of the city, and one of the leading men in it. In this city Mr. Milnor married Henrietta Piatt, a native of Tro}', N. y., who came to Illinois, with her parents, in 1832. Mr. Milnor died in 1852, leaving three children to the devoted mother, who still survives. These children were: George C, now deceased; Charles W., who is now engaged in the hardware and implement business in Alton; and Frank R., of Litchfield. The subject of this sketch was educated at the public schools of Alton, at Lombard University, in Galesburg, 111., and at the Commercial College of Cincinnati, after which he entered the drug store of A. S. Barry, of Alton, where he continued for some time to the satisfaction of his employers. However, he desired a wider field, and saw that the town of Litchfield would soon be a city of im- portance, and that those who came in on the ground floor would grow with the town and be- come identified with its interests. In 1866, he en- tered the drug store of Dr. .lohn Grinsted, of Litchfield, and remained with him a number of years, becoming a thorough druggist and chemist, and finally succeeding him. In 1872, he moved to his present location, the corner of State and Rider Streets, known as "The Corner Drugstore." Here he placed a heavy stock of drugs, adding wall pa- per and books later, the prescription department having always been a specialty. For the past twenty years his business has been very successful and he is now one of the oldest druggists in the city. Mr. Milnor is a public-spirited citizen and has various interests outside of his drug business. He is Vice-president of tlie Sparks Milling Company, of Alton, which is a large corporation, producing eight hundred barrels of flour per daj'. Many of the various improvements which have been under- taken for the advancement of the city have re- ceived his assistance and liavo been encouraged by his influence and his money. While in the Coun- cil he was a member of the School Board, and did much for the encouragement of education. He is a member of Litchfield Lodge, Elliott Chapter, and St. Omer Coiiimanderv. Mr. Milnor was married to Miss Mary Sparks, of Alton, the daughter of D. R. Sparks, April 23, 1874. They have two children: Mabel Sparks, aged fifteen years; and George Edwin, aged eleven years. Mr. Milnor was elected to the City Council in 1878, serving two years. In 1885, he was elected Mayor of tlie city of Litchfield, and again elected April 5, 1892, on tiie Republican ticket by a large majority. This testifies to his i)opularitj' as a trustwortln- and enterprising man. ^|[_^ ENRY W. WAIT. A very prominent |i farmer residing near Greenville, Bond County, 111., is the subject of the present sketch. He belongs to a family that made its mark in the State during its earliest settlement, and has been a resident in this place since 1835. Henry W. AVait was born in Boston, Mass., Oc- tober 4, 1834. His father, William S. Wait, was born in the State of Maine, March 5, 1789, and his grandfather, Thomas B. Wait, was also a native of Maine. The family was descended from Welsh par- entage, and the grandfather was a printer by trade and was also a publisher in Portland, Me., and in Massachusetts, to which State he removed about the year 1800. His death occurred in Boston Mass., when he was quite old. The father of our subject learned tlie printer's trade with his father when he was quite young and was connected with the business until the win- ter of 1817-18, when he came to this county and to St. Louis on a prospecting trip. He then entered land near Ripley, in this county, and re- turned to Boston in 1820, and brought his family to the new country near the great liver. Many preparations were made, for this was the breaking up of old ties, but at last all was packed and loaded upon the w.agons, the last farewells were said, and the famil}' started out into the wilderness. Some months were consumed in this trip, and when the location was reached the cabin of logs had to be erected. This was soon done, and here the family PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 487 lived until 1824, when the father returned to the busy life of the city and continued in his former iMijiinoss of |)iibli.shing; liowever, he fame back liere in 1835, shii)[)iug liis houseliold goods via New Or- leans, l)ul he with the family came down the Ohio l\iver and up to St. Louis. The Indians were in the country wlien he first came here, deer roamed at will, and wolves howled outside the cal)in at nigh I. fpon liis return in 1835, Mr. Wait settled just south of (Jreenville, where he owned about seven liundred acres, and he developed the most of it. He was a good business man, raised a great deal of stocU u|)on the land, and was considered one of the liest-in formed men of his time and place. He was rc(iiiired to till many of the positions in the county, and his death occurred .Tuly 17, 18G5. A IJepublican in politics after the formation of that party, he became prominent in public affaiis. His interest was great in political matters, and he wrote many articles for the leading journals and was tendered the nomination for A'ice-president on the Liberal ticUel in ISII, but woulil not accepL His acquaintance with prominent men throughout the State was large, and he did mucli to advance the growth and development of the country. He was the author of a great part of the constitution of the State of Illinois which was adopted in 1848, and spent much time at the State Capitol, but not in seeking himors for himself. The mother of our suliject was Sarah Newhall, who was boi'U at Salem, Mass., January 31, ITUT. She was the mother of eight children, six of whom she reared. Louisa and Mehitabel (deceased), Louisa (second). William, Richard, Spurzheim, Henry W. and Foster. The mother died De- cember 11, 1865. Our subject came here in 1835 with his parents when a babe, and w.as [)artially educated in the pioneer schools, conducted on the subsi'ription plan, but received most of liis instruc- tion at home undei' pi'ivate tutors. He spent two terms at Marshall, 111., in a private academy. In his childhood he remembers seeing great droves of deer and [irairie chickens in flocks. Mr. Wait of this notice lived at homo until the death of bis parents, and assisted in man.ag- ing the estate, but since that time he has made his home mostly with his sister, Mrs. Ravold, who lives east of Greenville. He has three hundred acre.s of land and has farmed it, and has raised great numbers of sheej), but in late years he has rented his farm. In [lolitics Jlr. Wait is a Republican and has served as Coiint3- Surveyor, being in office during 1864-65. Several township offices have been under his care .as Clerk and also Collector, and he has seen a great deal of the growth of the county. .{t__i{.;;:=^ ^■^ C. STREHLK, one of the progressive young business men of the city of Litchfield, Bond County, is engaged in the boot and shoe ''' trade at No. 34 State Street, where he is doing a good business. Mr. Strehle is a native son of the State and county, having first seen the liglit in this town October 31. 1868. He is a son of .losej)h and Minnie (Weipert) Strehle, the former of whom was born in (Termany, but came here in 1866, where he conducted a bakery and con- fectionery business until about two years ago. The educational facilities of the common and Higli Schools of Litchfield were taken advantage of liy our subject, and when he had completed his education he began his business career in the jewelry h(nise of C. W. Beardsly, and continued there for five and f)ne-lialf years. He learned the trade and is capa!)le of carrying it on himself if the necessity should arise, but about the time he fin- ished his education, the Litchfield Paint and Color Company was formed and he was made Secretary. He withdrew from this company .lune 1, 1892, to engage in liis jjresent business. ()ur subject is ((iiite a g-ood musician, and for a time was one of the memliors of the city band, and its .Secretary and Treasurer, but his increasing duties made it necessary that lie should resign from that organization, that he might give his un- divided attention to his business. It is safe to predict a successful future for Mr. Strehle, as he is 488 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. doing a large business in his line with a steadily increasing trade, and lie promises to be one of the leading business men of the city in the near future. i-€+^§ '\f|' ACOB HALLER, one of the most prominent farmers and bank officials of Nokomis, 111., ^^ was born in Ross Count\", Ohio, June 25, ^f) 1834, a son of Henry and Sarah (Shipm.an) Ilaller, of whom but little is known more than the mere fact that the father was born in Schuylkill County, Pa., in 1805, and was of German ex- traction. The mother was a native of New Jersey and about the year 1832 they took up their resi- dence on a farm in Ohio, on which Jacob w.as born. At the .age of eight j-ears he w.as taken by his par- ents to Illinois, but his advantages for acquiring an education on the then wild prairies of Illinois were few. When about eighteen years of age, he w.as seized with the California gold fever, and, making his wiiy across the plains and mountains, he opened and 0))erated a mine that gave him good returns. He soon discovered a gold mine in another direction, for grain of all kinds wtis very high at that time, and he thought tiiat in the fer- tile valleys of California it might be raised in abundance and to good financial advantage. Ac- cordingly he opened up a farm in the Sacramento Vallc3', some thirty miles from S.acramento, and for eleven years operated it with great success. Having accumulated quite a fortune, he then re- turned to Illinois, and in 1867 located on a farm in Audubon Township, Minitgomery County, and in 1880 became the owner of the line farm of four hundred and forty .acres on which he is at present residing. It is just outside the thriving town of Nokoinis. Mr. Haller is one of the founders of the Nokomis National Bank, is yet a stockiiolder and has been one of its directors since its foundation. It is one of the substantial financial institutions of the county, its methods are .safe and conservative, and its credit is of the highest character. It does a gen- eral banking business, its financial status is highly satisfactory and this has been largely brought about by the etticiency and sound judgment of its directors. Mr. Haller is a far-seeing man of busi- ness, is an able financier, and is ever upright and honest in his methods. He was married in Cali- fornia in November, 1859, to Miss Ann Abraham- son, who was born in Norwaj', but who became a resident of this country when a child, having been brought here by her uncle, as both her parents had been drowned by accident in their native land. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Haller has resulted in the birth of ten children, but only six are living at the present time: Catherine is the wife of Dr. G. .S. Easterd}', of Albuquerque, N. M.; Caroline is the wife of D. H. Best, of Nokomis; Nancy, Eugene, Millie and Milton are at home. In his political proclivities, Mr. Haller is a strong Prohibitionist and upholds that party by vote and influence on every occasion. He is strictlj' temperate in every respect, supports all measures of mor.ality and ed- ucation, and is considered one of the most useful and progressive citizens of the county. He is a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which they have "kept the faith" for many years. He is what may be termed the "poor man's friend," for he luas assisted many to gain a foot- hold on the ladder of success, and has given lib- erally of his means to enterprises that have com- mended themselves to his excellent judgment. His mother died in Ohio when he was a child, but his father passed from life in California in 1875. •5"i"J"i-F \'/ ON. G. L. ZINK, one of the first and prom- inent attorneys of Litchfield, has made this beautiful little city his home since the montii of M.ay, 1806, when he entered its confines and opened his office. The modest shin- gle bearing his name soon ing guard duty. The company to whicli our subject belonged was at Cuba for some weeks on guard duty, and in the spring they liroke camp and started for Springfield again. On the long march from Rolla to Spring- field our subject was taken sick with rheunialism and had to be left at Lebanon, in charge of Ser- geant Iliggins. Some three weeks later they started to rejoin tlieir regiment, which they learned had driven Price into Arkansas and was now in the vicinity of Pea Ridge. The Sergeant and Mr. Best found the regiment in Cross Hol- lows and the following day the battle of Pea Ridge took place; and, although our subject was very weak from recent sickness and his long ride, he was in the heat of the memorable battle. Immediately after this liattle Mr. Best's regi- ment was ordered out witli three days' rations on a scouting expedition through Arkansas and Mis- souri; they were gone thirteen days, having many skirmislies with stragglers from Price's army, and upon IMr. Best's return to his regiment's camp at Keitlisville he was again prostrated and for some time his life hung by a slender thread, it not be- ing thought possible for him to recover. Upon advice of liis physician he was induced to accept his discharge, which was granted on the surgeon's certificate of disabilit}', April 14, 1862, and here- turned to his home near Staunton. For the follow- ing year he was a physical wreck, but finally.health began to creep back, and, .as he w.as not able to op- erate his farm, he engaged in the milling business with a man named Wall, under the firm name of Best it Wall. This business continued for two years, since which time he has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. Until 1876 he re- mained in Madison County, and then removed to Nokomis, where he had previously (lurchased land. At this place he now h.as an extensive farm of some five hundred acres, adjoining the city of Nokomis. In 1879, he, in company with D. H. Zepp and James Young, purchased the vacant lots and land in Nokomis and this brought all of them a small fortune. Mr. Best has been very success- ful in all of his undertakings, except, perhaps, when, in 1882, be spent a year in Dakota, opening up a large farm. This did not prove a paying investment at the time, but he still owns a large tract of land there. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 491 He is an ardent Republican, an enthusiastic Orand Army man and is tlie present Commander of Cottingliani Post of Nokoniis. Ho is also a liig-h-degrec Mason, being a Knight Templar, and has fiih'd manj- of the local otlices. Mr. Best is a iiigh-minded and courteous gentleman wlioin it is :i pleasure to meet. He and liis wife have lieen tiie parents of eleven children; one of these, named Essie Belle, died when a eliild. The living are: Otilio, the wife of G. T. I\hoa(is, of Pierce Cit3', ]Mo.; David H., of Nokomis, married to Car- rie Hallen, daugliter of Jacob Ilallen, the wealthy farmer and banker of Nokomis; Owen M., living at home; Annie iM., the wife of a Mr. Alexander; 1\. X., married to Etta Stubbs and is an extensive farmer at Wington, S. D.; Dente, a resilient of Ohlman, 111.; Fay R., at Wington, S. I).; and Rob- ert M., Meda, Bessie, Mabel and Howard are at home. Ilarvey Best, a brother of our subject, en- tered tlie Union army in Company L, Third Illi- nois Cavalry, and died in the service at tlie age of nineteen years. v-^ '! i>-^^w_ '-i I > p > p >■ ^tlOllN B. TURNER. The gentleman whose distinguished name oijens this notice was born .Tanuary 6, 1838, in .Jacksonville, 111. ^^ He was the son of Jonathan B. and Rliodol- pliia S. (Kibble) Turner, the former born in Tem- pleton, Mass., and the latter a native of Someis, Conn. Tiie famil}' of Turner is well known in tiie locality where Mr. Turner's celebrated father was reared. Jonathan Turner was a descendant of "Mayflower" stock, and from thai stern blood may have come much of his firmness of character in de- fending right and in lighting wrong and oppres- sion. His birth took place in 1805, and his early education was so directed that he was alile to enter Vale College when quite a young man, and he was graduated from this renowned seat of learning with honors. He began his career as a teacher in liis native Slate and in Kew Hampshire, and latei- came to Illinois and became a lecturer and teacher in the Illinois College at lacksonville. He remained in .lacksonville, and was made a Professor, and l)y that title he w.as afterward known. His feelings on tiie great (piestions of the day were so intense, that he could not keei) silent, and soon his voice was heard in lecturing (m anti-slavery, sectarian- ism and educational matters. In 183."?, lie entered into the discussion of the fence problem in the State, and was so advanced in his ideas upon the value of the Osage Orange, that it became known as "Prof. Turner's folly." He was interested in all agricultural improvements, and not only in a theo- retical way, for lie studied these problems as if Ihey had been in some dead language, or some deep mathematical calculation, and went into the causes and effects, explained the microscopic in- sects and fungoid growths which interfered with vegetation, advised rotation of crops, and an an- alysis of soils in order to understand tiie best crops for certain localities, and gave much information to the masses that onl^' the most intelligent could understand. There were ignorant agriculturists who went on in their own way, calling his discov- eries college theories, but it may be remarked that at the present time those same theories are the ones adopted by those who have become successful in tilling the soil. It was Prof. Turner who was one of the principal originators of the modern methods of planting corn by m.achinery. This talented man was an agitator on political questions, and his essay on cnrrency attracted at- tention from Daniel Webster. His essays, lectures, speeches and papers against all modes of slavery, sectarianism and party drill, would lill a large vol- nnie. One of his addresses was published in the State Natural History, in which is an able discus- sion of secret societies. He was always, during his prime, an advocate for the State Normal School. One of his best-known works is the one called "Mormoiiism in all ages," which was published in 1842. Another, "Christ's Creed and Charter of the Kingdom of Heaven," appeared in 1847. He married in Connecticut, and his family grew up to be fine representatives of a brilliant father, al- though none of them have yet attained the liter- ary iiroiiiiiience which has been his. The family record reads as follows: Rliodolpiius K. married Ella Kibbe, who still lives at Quiiuy, III., witli her three children. I'he husband died December 18, 1880. AVilliam Henry man led Fannie P. Grobe, who died here Sejiteinber 10, 1883, and left his wife and eleven children. Charles A. became a farmer, and resides in Macon. He has been twice married; the first wife w.as named Elizalieth Retter, and she left one child. Ills second wife was a Miss IIatli<'ld. JIary Louisa married Dr. Henry Carriell, the Superintendent of the Insane .\sylum at .lacksonville. Four children resulted from this marriage. Howard Asa resides in Minneapolis, and is in a real-estate and law luisincss there. Heistlie father of three chiUlren, two of whom are living. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 495 Fred Clifford married Lizzie Alexander, tlie daugh- ter uf .l(iliii Alexander, ;ind is engaged in the prac- tice of law. One child lielongs in this household. The immediate subject of tliis sketch was reared in .lacksonville. 111., and was graduated from the college there in the sining of 1860. He remained in the congenial atmosphere of home until winter, when he taught school, but came herein llie spring of 1861, where his father owned a farm, .ind he and his brother William engaged in agriculture. He continued here until the fall of 1878, when liis brother Ilt)ward and himself engaged in sheep-rais- ing in Texas, and all continued in business until 188.3, when the death of William broke up the jileasant relation, and our subject returned home and has remained in Lutler Grove Township ever since, engaged in farming and stock-raising. 'I'hc farm is one of great extent, comprising one thou- sand and seven acres, and is stocked and improved to the fullest limit. The family own.s one hundred acres of timber in North Litclitield. Our subject was married Sei)tember '26, 1888, to Mrs. Fannie Turner, the daughter of John Fred and Ursula (Hagman) Grobe, who was born .luue 15, 1845, in Switzerland, of Swiss parents. She came to America when about live years of age, and was reared near Jacksonville. Her father died February 14. 1865. at this place, at the age of forty- eight years, and her mother, who was born in Jan- nary, 18"2"2, still resides here. Her father was a carpenter by trade, and followed his occupation in this country. She has one sister, Annetta, who married Albert Dolea, and died in Jacksonville, and left six children. Mrs. Turner, the wife of oiu' subject, is an ac- complished lady, and attended the Methodist Col- lege. She was married the first time to William Henry Turner, December 12, 1866. The children are as follows: Nettie, who married W. W. Doug- las, lives in Carhondale, where her husband is the leading physician of the Keeley Institute, and she has one child. William Fred lives in Coleman County, Tex., where he is managing a cattle ranch near Santa Anna of twelve thousand acres, which is owned by his father, and uncles John and Howard. Minnie and Carrie are at school in Chicago. Wal- ter Soott is also located in Chicaffo, where ho is en- gaged as a house decorator. Jonathan B. is an at- tendant at a veterinary school at Toronto, Can- ada. All of these have been graduates of the But- ler High School, and Walter, John 1!. and Carrie arc also graduates of Ilillsboro. Ida Ella, Annie Myra, Charles Philip, Howard Asa and William Henry are at home. By her second marriage, INIrs. Turner has become the mother of another little son, Rhodolphus Kibbe, who was born Ajiril 26, 18i)(). 'I'hc subject of this sketch has tilled the ofliee of Townshii) Supcrvistn', and has been a stanch Ke- liul)lieaii in his political faith. His aged father is still living, with mind luight and clear, and is still ])roduciiig l:)ooks that attract attention. He lives a retired life, as his eyesight has failed him. but he can truly say that to him his "mind a kingdom is.' *^^ W. WILLIAMS, M. D. Prominent among the younger physicians and surgeons of Litchfield may be mentioned Dr. Williams, who located in this place in August, 1888, and has since won for himself an enviable reputation as an able practitioner and genial gentlonan. He was born near Litchfield, in Macoupin County, III., April 23, 1855, being the son of Elihu and Martha (Corm.ack) Williams. His parents were originally from Tennessee, and were among the ]]ioneeis of Macou|jin County, where they entered laud from the fiovernment and made a pleasant home. The rudiments of our subject 's edut'ation were ac- ((uired in the comnuui schools of tlie neigliboi-- hood, and he subsetiuently entered lUackburn I'niversity, at Carlinville, 111., where he availed himself to the utmost of the splendid educational ad\antages there afforded him. He had decided to follow the medical profession, and in order to carr}' out that resolve he commenced to read med- icine with his uncle. Dr. A. W. Cormack, at Fre- donia, Kan. He took a course of lectures at the IDG PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. American Medical College, of St. Louis, from which he was graduated in 1878. IVIr. Williams' theoretical knowledge gained, he located at Greenfield, this State, where he opened an office, and for a time practiced his profession. Thence he removed to Coal Bluff, Ind., and from that place to Arkansas City, Knn., where he re- mained onl}' a short time. He also practiced at Fredonia, Kan., coming from that city to Litch- field, where he has permanently located. Al- though he has been here but a few j'ears, he has already established a lucrative practice, and eDJ03's tlie confidence of the people, who repose the greatest trust in his ability and skill. Dr. Williams is a member of the county and State medical societies, and is also identified with the Knights of Pythias. His marriage in Decem- ber, 1879, united him with Miss Mary A. Pickett, of Indianapolis, and the}- are the parents of three children: Lena, Mamie, and an infant unnamed. Dr. and Mrs. Williams are attendants at and sup- porters of the Presbyterian Church, and are prom- inently connected with many important measures for the progress of the place. <^ • j)i^:j) t ^ ••• .w - '•j5 j» /^^\ ARSIIALL HUNTER, a prominent farmer and old settler of Ripley Township, Bond County. 111., was born in Ripley Township, and within a-half mile of wliere he now resides, March 1, 1820. He is a son of .loseph and Elizabeth (Maben) Hunter. His grandfather, John Hunter, was an Irislimun by birth, and was a young man during the Revolutionary War. He was the son of one Thomas Hunter, a wealthy landlord in Ireland, and during his young days was soinewiiat wild, reVielling against tiie restraints jilaced upon him liy his father, and this resalted in his running away from home with the determination to emi- grate to America. Tiiere was only one dilHculty ill the w.ay, wiiicii was tiiat lie did not possess enough money to pay his passage. However, lie determined to make his way to the New World, and, as no better opportunity offered, he joined the British army, and was shipped to America as a soldier. He came with no intention of participat- ing in the war, and as soon as opportunity offered after landing on American soil, he deserted from the army and made his way to North Carolina. Later, he went to Tennessee, and there Joseph Hunter, our subject's father, was born, being one of a family of seven boys. With this family John Hunter removed by team to Illinois and settled on land not far from where the present generation of Hunters now live; but the original settlers have all passed away. At death Thomas Hunter, the wealthy Irish landlord, left his son a few hundred pounds of his fortune, but as the latter was not given an equal share, he refused to take wiiat was offered and died without claiming it. Of the seven sons who came to Illinois with him, John died in Kansas; Samuel, in Texas; Thomas, James, William, Daniel and Joseph, the latter the father of our subject, all died in Bond County. Of these, Thomas, Samuel and Joseph served in the War of 1812. The mother of our subject was also a native of North Carolina, and she bore her husband a family of seven children, of whom our subject was the second. Of these, Susan died when a girl of sixteen years; Mary married Daniel Briggs and died in Bond County; Elizabeth died when a young lady; Steward Nelson died in child- hood; John is now living in Johnson Countj% Tex.; and William M. lives on the old homestead. Our subject was reared on the farm and received but little education, as scliool advantages were limited in his boyhood days. Jluch of the time was occupied in assisting in the clearing up of the farm. In 1843, he married Sarah E. Mj-ei-s, a native of Bond County, but she died ten months later. In 1846, he married Elizabeth Cileiin, a native of North Carolina, and a daughter of Alexander (!lenn, who was brought to Illinois when she was a child of one 3ear. Mr. and Mrs. Hunter had a family of seven children, six boys and one girl, three dying when small. Those who reached mature years were Mary, wife of William Ward, who resides in Ripley Township, where he is the present .Supervisor; Samantha, wife of John Willeford, a prominent young farmer of Ripley; Alice, wife of William PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 497 Cacahuens. resides on tlie farm of Mr. Hunter, who has lived with them ^:ince the death of his wife in February, 1883; Joseph W., the second in the family', was born April T). 181'J. He now has a farm adjoining his father's. Mr. Hunter was married to Miss Harriet M. Sybert, whose parents were also early settlers in the county, her father being William P>. Sybert, a prominent farmer of this township. Mr. and Mrs. .Tosc|)h Hunter have three children: Alice M., Henry Albert and Rus- sell Hall. Mr. .Joseph Hunter is a prominent mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, Gordon Lodge No. 473, of Pocahontas, in whicii he has been quite ac- tive, and he is also a member of the Farmers' Mutual IJenefit Association. The Hunter family has been Democratic since the original emigr.ant first landed on American soil, and the present members of the family still continue in the same faith. They are also all memljers of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church, Joseph being at present a Deacon in that body. Mr. Marshall Hunter is no doubt the oldest living pioneer residing in Bond County. ^^i'a~^@l^^^*- ^1 S. WYCKOFF. There is not within the limits of Litchfield a man who is held in more general respect than the subject of this ''^J notice. Self-made in the broadest sense of the terra, his career illustrates in an admirable man- ner what may be accomplished by unflagging in- dustry, perseverance and good management. We find him the possessor of a fine home which in all its appointments fulfills the modern idea of cultured taste. Our subject was boi-n in New York City, July 15, 18511. His parents were Dr. James li. and Mar- garet (AVinship) Wyckoff. Dr. Wyckoff was a na- tive of New York, and practiced there for some time. In 1865 he came West and located at Jer- seyville, this State, but did not long survive his removal, leaving a widow and one son, who is the subject of this biography. The mother and son re- I turned to their old home, and some years later Mrs. Wyckoff became Jlrs. Eytinge, and changed her place of residence to Bayonne, N. J., where she still lives. Our subject's mother is a woman of pronounced literaiy aliility, and has for years suc- cessfully edited the children's department of the Detroit Free Press. She is a graduate of the Rutger Institute of New York City, and received the gold medal of her class. Her parents were n.a- tives of New Knghuid, and she can trace a direct line of ancestry back to the ''Maytlower." J. S. Wyckoff, with whose name we commenced I this sketch, was educated in the public schools of his native city, and for some years after his grad- uation occupied himself as a teacher. Circumstances seem to have compelled him to seek the field in which he should prove the greatest success, for pre- vious to entering the line he is now engaged in, we find him acting as school teacher and clerk alter- nately. Soon after accepting a school in this part of the State, in the year 1871, our subject became interested in plants and flowers to such an extent that he resigned his positif)n and accepted a place in a nursery as salesman. Nature must have en- dowed him with the necessary talent and concep- tion for this line of work, for only a few years after his introduction to the business we find him in the position of proi)rietor, and making an unqual- ified success in this chosen field of labor. 1 ii the year 187(5 he came to Litchfield, and built ui) a trade which extends over the southern i)ortion of the State. He employs a large number of salesmen, but the success of his business is due to his own excellent ability, energy and management. In 188'J he built the home in whitih he resides at present, and which is an excellent momiment to his |)er- severance and thrift, .as well as an excellent illus- tration of the taste possessed by its owner. When twenty -six years old, Mr. Wyckoff, hav- ing accumulated enough of this world's goods to found a home, took unto himself a wife and hel[)- mate The marriage occurred January 10, 187',(, and the bride was Miss Maggie L. Johnson, daugh- ter of Henry Johnson, a well-known and much-es- teemed citizen of llopkinsville, Ky. The results of this union are three intelligent and bright chil- dren, Pearl, Ralph and Carl. Mrs. W^'ckoff 498 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. is a woman of most estiraahle traits of cliaraeter and warm sympathies, which make for her many friends in the vicinity of her home. Our subject is one of the stanch, substantial cit- izens of Lilclitield, and a man of sterling principles, progressive ideas and generous impulses. Eulogj' is never questioned when bestowed on one whose every characteristic displays (pialities of heart and brain superior to the average, and yet capable of comprehending and discovering the best in those witli whom he comes in contact, and he whose bi- ography we have here sketched is one of the best types of American citizen, and a man beloved by his fellow-men. Mr. Wyckoff is a member of tlie Knights of Pythias, also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and Modern Woodmen of Amer- ica. Both he and his wife are members of the Pres- byterian Church. y'";ILLIA]M M. BRIGGS. Our subject is a man of more than average ability, and one „ „ who has made the most of his opportuni- ties. He is a representative agriculturist and promi- nent citizen of Harvel Township, living upon his fine farm in section 8. Mr. Briggs was born in ISiorth Litchfield Township, Montgomery County, 111., in 1847, September 24, being a son of the late Judge Stephen K. Briggs, formerly an As- sociate Judge of Montgomery County. Judge Briggs was a native of Ohio and came to Illinois with his parents when but four years old; he resided for a short time in Bond County, and then removed with his parents to Nortii Litchfield Township, Montgomery County, 111., where he grew to man- hood. He was Associate Judge for many years, dis- charging the duties of lliat oflice with distinguished ability. Until the war of 1861-186.5 he was aDem- ocrat, but the stupendous revolutions of those times resulted in his changing to the Republican party, in wiiich he remained until his death in 1871. His devoted and faithful wife survived him ten years, passing away in 1881. His marriage was a fruitful one; of the children the following survive: James, William M., Mrs. John Seward, Thomas, Mrs. Wesley Davis, Douglas, Charles and \V. M. Briggs. Our subject grew to manhood amid tlie scenes incident to passing, out of pioneer life into a modern farming region, well settled and with the appliances and comforts and the luxuries of modern civilization. The educational advantages of his youth were greatly inferior to those enjoyed by the farmers' sons of to-day; but such as they were he had to be content with them. He was married .September 1, 1870, to Miss Louisa Smith, a native of Kentucky, who bore him three ciiildren: Charles W., Amelia and David. In 1881 he settled upon his present farm, consisting of one hundred and sixtv acres of raw prairie, which by hard work he has brought up to its fine condition. Although his educational advantages were few, he has been from his youth up a zealous reader and is well in- formed upon current and general history. He is a man who thinks for himself and is an independent in [jolitics, insisting upon voting for principles and not for party. The Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he and his wife are members, elected him a Steward in that l)ody, a jtosition he still holds. He is a member of the Jlodern Wood- men at Raymond, 111. SCHLUCKPjBIER. For many years, or since his location in tiiis county, the reputation that Mr. Schluckebier has enjoyed has been not only that of a substantial and very pro- gressive farmer, but of an intelligent and thor- oughly posted man on all public affairs. Al- though he started out for himself with limited means, and at the bottom of the ladder, he has reached almost the highest round of success and is one of the most prosperous citizens. He is the owner of four hundred and thirty-four acres of PORTRAIT AND IJIOORAPII'CAL RECORD. 41)0 land, and all his farming operations are conducted in a manner sliowinji' li's familiarity witli tliat pursuit. Tlieoriginal nf this notice lirst saw tlic liglitof day in the princi|)aiily of Waldeck, (ieriiiany. Feliruary 22, 1829, and liis father, C.Schluckehier, was a native of the same place. The elder .Mr. Schluclouis, he had just $3 in money, but here the sturdy and thrifty elements of his nature .asserted themselves and he went to work with energy and i)erseveranoe to lay tiie foundation for his subseipient jirosperous career. In 18(>I, while a residi'ut of St. Louis, he was married to Miss E. L. Oitinar, who died in 1872 in Montgomery County, leaving two children, Mary, the wife of L. Edwards, of East Fork Township; and William F.,at home. The second marri.ige of our suliject was vvith Miss Doreta Uazeliiuer, who died, leaving one daughter, .lulia F., at home. J\lr. Sehluckebier selected his third wife in the i)er- son of Mrs. Anna L. Shanhert, a native^ of St. Louis. Our subject is one of the influential citi- zens of IMontgomery County, and lias contributed greatly to its growtli and |)ros|)erity. His name is synoiiymoiis with successful agriculture, and in all the affairs of lif(> he has borne himself in an up- right manner, and is regarded as a man of true worth. ".3 ' his unfortunate fellow-[)iisoucrs. Aljraveror inure daring soldier than Mr. Young- never trod the crimson turf of a liattletiehl, and upon his return home he bore with him the heart-felt gratitude of his country. For some time after the war he was extensively en- gaged in mining in Deadwood and later in New Mexico, making and losing two or three fortunes, and finally died in St. Louis in 1889. The subject of this sketch has been wonder- fully successful ui everything that he has under- taken since he readied the free soil of America, and his farming enterprises in Madison County, together with tiie advance of property, made him a snug fortune. In 1867 he was attracted to the then almost unimproved prairies of Montgorreiy County, and the same year he purchased the farm where he now lives and has since added to it until he is now the owner of over one thousand acres of the Gnest land in the county. Aside from this he owns a large amount of property in the city of Nokoinis, for he, in coin])any with D. II. Zepp and Henry A. P>est, bought up all the vacant lots and some two hundred acres of land adjoining the town in 187'J, whicli alone made him a fortune. His accumulation of wealth did not have the ef- fect of changing to any aiipreciable extent either his manner or his customs in dealing with those who were brought into contact with him. He has always been thoroughly democratic, is as genial and kindly as he was in the days of his early struggles, and has ever been the same industrious, upright, honest Christian gentleman. He was mar- ried in 1858 to Miss Lucy A. Alvis, a native of the State of Illinois, by whom he has six children: Jennie, wife of A. L. Culp, of Nokomis, is an artist (if no small ability and repute; Annie M. also paints well and is now at home, having completed her education; Helen L. is pursuing her studies at Alton College; William is attending school at Xokomis; Clara Belle and Lucy May are attending tlie public schools. The mother of Mr. Young died March 31, 187;i. at the age of seventy-four years, having always made her home with him after coming to America. In politics Mr. Young is the strongest kind of a Republican, lie is a prominent member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in which he has been a member of the Grand Lodge, and also belongs to the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons. He is also an exemplary member of the JMethodist E|)iscopal Church. In 1878, he made an extended trip through Kuroi)e. traveling through Engl.and, F'rance, .Scotland and Ireland, but came to the con- clusion that America was a good enough country for him. Mr. Young's career might be copied by indigent young men of the present generation, for it points its own moral. Much more might be said of the early mcmliers of his family, for Robert Young, a cousin of his father, was a man of letters, an author and jioet who was well and favonil)h' known in his native country; in fact, his writings were known and read in two continents. Iff^^ ON. JESSE J. PHILLIPS. The distin- y guished subject of this sketch was born in i.€i;ji?^ Montgomery Count}-, 111., M.ay 27, 1837, ^^) the son of Thomas Phillips, a native of Macon County, 111., who vvas born October 7, 1790; the latter removed to Kentucky, and lost his parents in the year 1811; later he removed to Kaskas- kia, 111., and finally left there and went into business at Ste. Genevieve, Mo. His sf.ay there was a short one, and he returned to a jioint near Kaskaskia, where he located and lemained for the balance of his life. Huring the war with Mexico he was a Second Lieutenant in Koiin- tree's Company, Second Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He passed from life September 22, 1877, aged eighty -seven years, at Hillslioro, 111. His father, John Phillips, was a native of Wales. Tlie wife of the latter was Lucy Hampton, born in South Carolina. Our subject's mother was Jane Roberts, a na- tive of Keiitu(tky, born August 7, 1802, and was reared at Sinithland, in the same State. Her de- mise occurred May 23, 1888. Her father, Jesse Roberts, was a native of South Carolina, where he 502 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. was reared and pursued the vocation of a Uni- versalist preacher. His mother was Effie Carter, a native of North Carolina. .Jesse Roberts had one brotlier, Obadiati, wlio left a son, Orvin, who took an active part in the struggle for the inde- pendence of Texas, and subsequently was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Texas and also Gov- ernor of that State. He still resides at Austin and is known as the "Old Alcalde." The father and mother of our subject were married at Smithland, Kw, and later removed to Illinois. They were the parents of eight children, five sons and three daughters. One son died in in- fancy', while the otliers grew to maturity; the youngest, Sidney K, was Sergeant-Major of the Ninth Illinois Infantry, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Siiiloh, April G, 1862, 'dying from the same .June 8 following. Burrell, the second son, was a member of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois from the Forty-first District, in 187(5, and again in 188C from the counties of Montgomer.v and Christian. Tlie eldest son, Henry, is a re!^ident of .Jefferson County, 111.; Hannah is the widow of Gen. Scott; Unit>' .J. is the wife of George Seward, of Montgomery County, 111. Permesea was the wife of William II. Brewer, and died in 1868. Our subject is tiie seventh child and fourth son; he was educated at tlie llillsboro Academy, and at the age of nineteen was ajiiiointed Route Agent on tiic Terre Haute &: St. lA)uis Railroad, a posi- tion he held until 1857; he then entered the law office of Davis tt Kingsbury, of Hillsboro, whore he studied three years, after which he was ad- mitted to the P.ar, in the year 1860, and began the practice of his profession at llillsboro. In the year 1861, in res])onse to tiic call for seventy- five thousand men, he raised a companj-, wliicii was organized April 17, 1861, of which lie was elected Captain; they reported at Si)ringfield and made part of the Xiiitli Infantry, our subject being made IMajor. May 1 next the regiment was at Cairo, 111., and continued on garrison duty three months, the term of its enlistment. The regiment was reorganized Septenibei 3, 1861, and entered the service for three years; soon after it was ordered, with the Twelfth Illinois Infantry, by Gen. Grant to proceed to Paducah, Ky., and at this time Maj. Phillips was temporary commander of the regiment. He was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel December 21, 1861, and in February, 1862, his command moved up the Ten- nessee River and formed part of the armj- that co-operated with the fleet in the attack upon and capture of Ft. Henry. He also took part with eight companies of his regiment, he being in com- mand, as the Colonel was disabled by a wound, in the siege and capture of Ft. Donelson. In this battle the Ninth Regiment, with six hundred men engaged, lost tliirt3'-five in killed, one hundred and sixty wounded, and six prisoners. Col. Phil- lips received high praise from his brother officers and from Gens. Grant and Oglesby for the supe- rior manner in which he handled the regiment during the fight. AVhile leading the bayonet charge his horse was shot from under him. The regiment next took part in the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862, going into the fight with five hun- dred and seventy men- and suffering a loss of sixty-one killed, two hundred and eighty-seven wounded and ten prisoners. One commissioned officer was killed, nineteen wounded and onl}' four escaped unhurt. Among the mortally wounded was Sidney B. Phillips, a brother of our subject. Col. Phillips' horse received three musket shots and one grape shot before it fell, and the Col- onel himself was shot through the hand and twice through the thigh. Owing to the wounds of the Colonel of the regiment, received in March, the command at that time devolved upon Col. Phil- lips, a position that he retained not only in the battles of Shiloh and Donelson, but also until the expiration of the term of service of the regiment. After our subject recovered from the wounds re- ceived at Shiloh, he was ordered to Atliens, in North Alabama, where he was stationed several months, the command at this time being mounted as scouts. The post was one of great danger, requir- ing constant vigilance, but his duty there ceased Septeiriber 1, 1863. His command was in a number of fights, in one of which, near Florence, Ala., during a sabre charge which he directed, he re- ceived a serious injury by the fall of his horse after he iiad broken through the enenn's line. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 503 He made a charge with thirty-three of his men u|ioii seventy of the enemy, and succeeded in capturing thirty-four, tlie only one hurt during tlie cliarge, excei)t the Colonel, being a rebel, who was cut down liy asal)re in the liandsof Col. Philli|)s. A|nil l.j, 1; again, October 8, he al lacked a largely su- perior force of the enemy at Salem, Teiin.. and nfter lighting two hours was reinforced by eight hundred men under Col. McCrillis. After fight- ing until dark at :i disadvantage, he retreated. (Jctober 11, of the same year, tlie rebels at- tacked Colliorville, Tenn., and were roi)ulsed. Col. PhilliiJS, being in command of a brigade, fol- lowed them ami an engagement took place at (iraham's Mill, and again at Royal, Miss.; in the last engagement he had a horse shot under him At Florence, Ala., November 30, 1863, with two hundreieut. Cyrus Gilmore, of his regi- ment. About May, 18(il, the corps to which he belonged was ordered to Chattanooga to prepare for the Atlanta campaign. Uijoii repcn-ting, lie had orders to move to the front to take the ad- vance of the army. In obedience to the orut little can be learned con- cerning the early history or the ancestry of the family, yet there is little doubt that they are of German extraction, the father, as far as can be learned, having been born in Pennsjivania, being what is commonly termed a Pennsylvania-Dutch- man; he settU^d at a very early day in Rocking- ham County. He was a farmer of considerable means, reared a large family, aud finally died in the count}' named, upon the farm which he first settled. The subject of this sketch grew up on the farm, devoting the greater portion of his time u|) to his twentieth year in acquiring the very liberal edu- cation he then received. He was stricken hard with the gold fever, and in 184'J he and his brother, Emmons, sailed around Cape Horn in a sailing-vessel, consuming six months in reaching the land of promise. They at once went to min- ing near Stockton, but after a time started a trad- ing post at what was then known as AVood's Creek, the lirother conducting the store and our subject hauling the goods by ox-team from Stock- ton, a distance of about eighty miles. Two vears of this traffic resulted in yielding the enterprising young men a snug little fortune, which contented them; and in 1853 they returned home, via the Isthmus of Panama. The gold excitement in Aus- tralia enticed him from his home a second time, and he made his way to iMelbourne and tiien to the mines. Here Fortune, the fickle flirt, frowned upon him aud all he had made in California was soon lost. He was full of game, however, and we find him soon at woik for the Australian Govern- ment, wheeling dirt at £3 sterling per day, a pursuit he followed until he had saved up quite a sum of money, with this returning to the mines. Now Fortune, as many another jade has done when good luck has struck a fellow, smiled her sweetest upon him, and for four years the shining j-ellow metal flowed into his pockets in a steady stream. At the end of this time, satisfied, he re- turned by way of England, visiting that country, Scotland and Ireland, at last reaching Barton. In his absence his father had died in Virginia and his fainil_v was scattered; so he did not return to his native place, but started for Texas. Stopping over to visit a married sister, Mrs. D. D. Scraney, at Nokainis, 111., he was induced to locate here, pur- chasing the farm upon which he has resided ever since. Soon after, in 1857, he married Miss Rosa Corpburn, of German-Pennsylvania ancestry, wlio has borne him seven children, five of whom are living: Kate, wife of Thomas Gay, of Ford, Kan.; ]\Iaud. at home; Otis P., living at Cincinnati; Ar- beny 1)., living in California; (Jlenn H., at Ir me. Clair died at the age of two, and Fred died at the age of twenty-two, in 1886. Mr. Rhodes' beautiful iiome is situated upon an eminence, l)eautified by trees, shrubbery, tlowers and grass, from whicli the couiiliv about may be seen to a PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 505 distance of many miles. Here, in content and lmi)(jiness, lie is spending liis declining years, at peace with his neigliljors and the world. ! > ■ II I ' F ^ I ' •-*'«<< ON. HUMPHREY II. HOOD, M. I)., is one a; of the leading insurance agents of the city of Litclifield, 111., and also Secretary of the Oil Cit}- Building and Savings Association. Dr. Hood has been a resident of this city since KS5;3, and was born in IMiiladelphia, Pa., Septem- lier 19, 1823, being the son of Lambert and Sarah (Iluglies) Hood. The father was a mechanic and his ancestors had been residents of that place for three or four generations. The fatlier was a con- sistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subje(!t received his education in I'hiladel- phia, read medicine when twenty-tive years old, and in 1851 was graduated from .lefferson Medi- cal College. He then came West looking for a lo- cation, settling first in Jersey County, III., where he remained one year, and then came to this city, m 185;5, practicing here until within tiie past three or four years. He went out as Assistant Surgeon of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Il- linois Infantry, serving ten months, and was then made Surgeon of the Third United States Heavy .\rtillery, colored, with which he remained two ^ears and eight mouths, being stationed all of the time at Memiihis. His entire service stretched through three and one-half years, and after the war he resumed his practice. In 18,si he received the nomination for the Legislatuie on the l{ei)ublican ticket and was elected. After his return from Springfield he went inlo business. At the time of the organiza- tion of the Oil City Uuilding and Savings Asso- ciation lie was the active mover in it, and was at that time made its President, the capital being I.tOO.OOO, which was afterward increased to §1,- 000,000, all of it taken up. A proposition is now before the stockholders to increase it to 83,000,- 000, The first series will soon be due. The asso- ciation charges notiiing for membership or books, and fifty cents per month on shares. There are six hundred stockholders, and the company has been the means of much saving to poor people. Dr. Hood bought out an insurance business at the time of retiring from practice, and has been a member of the City Council, Supervisor of the county, and a member of the School lioard. He built and owns the Masonic Block, beside other business and residence property in the city. Dr. Hood was married to Miss Matilda .lackson, of Philadelphia, to wlunn were born three children who now survive her: George P., who is station agent for the .Jacksonville A- Southeastern Rail- road; Frances and Anna. Dr. Hood again married, this wife being Abigail E. Torry, to whom were born two children, Harold and Louis. Our sub- ject is a Trustee in tlie Presbyterian Church, in which he is a very [irominent member. He is also a popular member of the (Tiand .\rmy of the Re- public. At one time he was a member of the County and Central Medical Associations, but has not attended recently. G. BUEEINGTOX, M. 1). The original vi the sketch to which our attention is now- directed is a rising young physician of the general school, who has already made a naine for himself in the town of Litchfield, where he has been located since 1886. In tiie village of .lersey- ville. III., on May 22, 1859, Dr. .1. II. and Frances (Gordon) Bulfington liecame the parents of the briglit young man who has already shown the effect of grit and brains comliined in his make-up. The father of our subject was liorn in Philadel- phia, and was there educated, and came to Illinois when the wild aiiim.als and the still wilder Indians had not wholly disappeared from the region around what now is .Tersey ville, III. The medical profes- ! sion seemed to be the one mo>t desired in the fam- ily, as a brother, an uncle of t>ur subject, also em- 506 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. braced it, and now is occupying the position of Professor in liie celebrated Rusli Medical College of Chicago, where the most wonderful displays of medical and siu-gical skill have been made in tlie past few jears that the world has ever seen. Dr. lUiftington praf-ticed his profession at Jerseyville until the time of his deatii. and he left three ciiil- dren to mourn his loss: Dr. CD., of Atwater; Mrs. Claia E. Roberts, a widow of this place; and the subject of this sketch. Our subject grew to manhood in Jerseyville, and attended the High Sciiool of this place. He then chose the profession of his father for his life work, and for this he has proven himself peculiarly lifted. He engaged with Dr. Iladway to read medicine with him, and continued under this prominent physician until lie w.as prepared to enter the Mis- souri Medical College of St. Louis, where he at- tended lectures during 1879-80-81. He was one of the graduates in the Class of '81, and located in .Jersey County for his flrst practice, ten miles west of Jersej-ville. and there he remained for five years. He was successful, and was made the county physician for one year, but he was ambi- tious and desired to get into a wider sphere. The opening in Litchfield for a young and progressive physician seemed good, and he came to this place in 1886. He could scarcely have done better in any jilace, as his ability has been recognized and lie has become very popular. He estimates that his practice in the first six years was $4,000 per year, and he has accumulated property in the city worth $7,000, and he now owns his office, his fine residence and two other places of value. Dr. Bufflngton has not become a member of any societies as yet in this localitj-, but during his stay in Jersey County, he was a member of the medical society there. He now is the examiner for the brakcmen who desire positions on the Jackson- ville & Southeastern Railroad. The marriage of our subject took place May 29, 1889, to Miss Anna lluddleston, of M.acouijin County, born January 10, 1871. She was the daughter of the late Samuel Huddleston, who was the largest land-owner in the county of Macoupin, having no le.sg than thirteen hundred acres. Mi's. BuUiugtou is a lady of rare accomplishments, hav- ing been educated at the Blackburn University at Carlinville, and in her and her husband Litchfield society has gained two very desirable members. The Doctor has two brothers now deceased, wiio dur- ing their lifetime were engaged in the drug busi- ness, one m Jerseyville, 111,, the other in Indianola, Iowa, 4^ WILLIAM WILSON, Our subject is a young man of much promise, being intelligent, energetic and progressive. He resides in Harvel Townshi|), Montgomery County, 111., on section 9, and was born in Madison County, 111., February 22, 1859, the son of William and Agnes (Anderson) Wilson, both natives of Scot- land, who emigrated to America in 1848 or 1849. The father came with his family to Montgomery County in 18(52, and settled upon the farm where our subject now resides, the whole coiuitry being then a wild prairie, and he a very early pioneer. He was a self-made man and the father of eight children, four of whom survive, viz.: James; Susan, the wife of Mark Worrell, and William and Peter, all of whom are living in Kingman County, Kan. The father died in December, 1864, his wife still surviving him at the age of sixty-four, making her home chiefiy in Kingman County, Kan., with her children. Our subject grew up to man's estate in this new country, seeing it gradually developed and improve until it has reached its present state of prosperit\-. His schooling was received in the home district, alternating attendance there with work upon the farm. He was married September 10, 1885, to Minnie, daughter of Ilanka and K. Jelder, resi- dents of Harvel Township. Three children have blessed this union, viz.: William, born July 7, 1886; Margaret, June IS, 1 889; and Henry, Sep- tember 12, 1891. Mr. Wilson is an ardent Repub- lican, is interested in all matters looking to the advanc^ement of his community, and is now serv- ing his first term as Coinmissiyner oi Highways. PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD 507 His well-improved farm consists of two hundred acres. He is a prominent member of the P\armers' Mutual Benefit Association. Mr. Wilson owes his success in life mainly'to his own unassisted efforts, being practically a self- made man. He is not easily discouraged, is ac- customed to tiiink before he acts, and makes very few mistakes, and, not being afraid of work, does not get impatient while waiting for results. Such a man exerts a good influence in liis communit3' by his example, and he has the best wishes of his neighbors and friends for his complete success in life. -^^l H> ■ei 1,|^#^ R. VOORIIEES, the subject of this sketch, 1^ is the proprietor and manager of the Litch- ^^^/ field Livery, Feed and Sales Stables. He was born in this county and State, eight miles south of this place, April 22. 18().'5. lie is the son of A. S. Yoorhees, of whom it will be inter- esting to give a short sketch. A. S. Voorhees was born in Piinceton, N. J., on tlie 25th of November, 1836, and was edu- cated in Jersey County. His father, Robert "S'oor- hees, came to Alton first, and then removed to Jerseyville, where he lived until his son was ten years old. He then removed into the country on a farm, where he remained until 1855, when he came to this countv. He settled seven miles south of this village, the countr}' around being all prai- rie at that time. He located on a farm which had been partly improved, but from 1870 to 1876 he lived in Walshville and Nokomis, engaged in dif- ferent employments. He came to Litchfield in tlie latter year. Mr. Voorhees married Miss Mary D. Murphy, of tiiis county, but who was born in Jersey County. To this union were born three children: E. R., Nellie and Katie. After the removal of his father to Nokomis and Walshville, our subject attended the schools of these place's, and also went to school after iiis ar- rival here. He began his first ^york oji a farm in 24 1876, and continued at this labor some time, dur- ing which season he'was careful and provident, and naturally became possessed of some means. He then went into a stable for about sixteen months and there became acquainted with the haliits and needs of horses. He was aljout this time given an opportunity to make a trip through Arkansas and Texas with a railway contractor, and gained not only a knowledge of the country, but a con- siderable amount of practical information. Upon his return he engaged in work for SliefHe Broth- ers for twenty months, and then went into a foun- dry, where he remained one year. All of this time Mr. Voorhees IkuI been taking- care of the pence, and as a matter of course the pounds then cared for themselves, and he found himself in a position to enter into business for himself. He entered a new building north of the Park with new ni.achinery, and there he continued for three years. In 1891 he was prosperous enough to warrant more extended expenditure, and he established himself in the new l)rick build- ing, which was built liy Wilton for the purpose, located opposite the new hotel on Ryder Street. He sold out the old barn and now gives all of his attention to this place. The marriage v( Mr. Voorhees took jjlace De- cember 24, 1881), to Miss Ida Brokaw, the daugh- ter of A. Brokaw, of South Litchfield. One child has blessed this union, Clarence. The Presbyte- ri.an C'hurch is the religious denomination to which our subject belongs. -^3bk£ ylLLIAM C. H. SMITH. Tncle Sam h.as placed in charge of the i)ostal service in ^^^ the village of Reno, Bond County, the gentleman whose name appears above. He unites with his duties as a (Government official the busi- ness of mercliant, Mr. Smith was born in what is now Lyon County. Ky., on the Cumlierland River, near Eddyvillc, June 11, 1828. He is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Hall) Smilh, the former a n^. 508 i'ORTRAlT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tive of North Carolina, where he was born No- vember 17, 1803. When a child his parents re- moved to Kcntuckj', and there, March 18, 1827, was married to onr subject's mother. William Smith is the eldest of a family of nine children. Of this number only five are now liv- ing: our subject; Pernecy, who is tlie wife of .Tames W. Jett, of LaGrange Township, Bond County, was born December 9, 1830; Elizabeth, who was born March 23, 1835, married William .Tett, and is now a widow, living in Crawford County, Kan.; Nancy was born December 11, 1836, and married ,]ohn P. Haley, and is a widow living at Donnellsou, 111.; and Isaac F., who was born December 31, 1840, is now a farmer at Cuba, Kf-n. In Ma}', 1839, the family came to Illinois and spent one season. They then went to Missouri, but not finding that to their taste soon returned to Bond County and located on a farm east of Reno, where our subject's father died January 26, 1853. The mother passed away some thirteen years before, the date of her decease being Decera- 31, 1840. Our subject received but a common-school edu- cation, and followed farming until 1873, when he became interested in the mercantile business at Elm Point, and there continued until 1881, when he came to Reno, since which time he has been constantly engaged in mercantile pursuits. Be- fore coming to Reno he was Postmaster at Elm Point for a good many years, and since becoming a resident of this village has held the office con- stantly with the exception of the term of the Cleveland administration. He has been a life- long Republican, and has served as Justice of the Peace for twelve years. From 1861 to 1864 he acted as Constable. Mr. Smith's marriage occurred .luly 6, 1852, his bride being Miss Nancy L. Laughlin. She died January 28, 1856, and left her husband two chil- dren: Mary Eveline, born July 3, 1853, is now the wife of James 1). Baker, who is a farmer in Missouri; and Sarah M., who was born March 26, 1856, married a Mr. Carroll; she died in Reno April 2, 1887. Feeling that his children needed a jnother's care he persuaded a Miss CipdrilU Gwyn to take her place as mistress of his home and heart. They were married April 2, 1857. She passed away from this life December 27, 1890. Mr- and Mrs. Smith were the parents of four children two of whom are now living: Nancy Alice, the wife of Joseph N. Curlee, who lives in Baxter, Ark.; and Ellen M., who is the wife J. Nelson Dressor, who resides near Reno. Our subject is a man who for years has com- manded the utmost respect as well as personal re- gard of his fellow-men. As head of his family he has been a most exemplar^' husband and father, and the public trusts have been guarded as care- fully as though they were his individual affairs. v^ SH* / >.^=.j.= '^^^ M. BARLOW, manager of the Co-opera- ,W^^\ tive Association Store of Walsh ville, and V^g/ a widol3--known and prominent business man, was born on his father's farm in Grisham Township, Montgomery County, May 25, 1851. His parents were Jo.seph and Nancy (Blair) Bar- low. The father was born in Memphis, Tenn., in 1801, of Scotch parentage, the grandfather of our subject having come to this countr}"^ prior to the Revolutionary War. .Joseph Barlow was a man of good education, and became a Presbyterian min- ister. In 1825 he and his three brothers, John, William and James, left their native State and started for Illinois. The last-named located in Saline County, but the others continued their journey to Montgomery Count}-, and located in the township where our subject was born. There his father engaged in farming, teaching school and in preaching until his death, which occurred on the old homestead in 1870. His wife was born in this county. Her parents were natives of the Keystone State, but came to Illinois iit a very early d.ay. We now take up tiie personal history of Mr. Barlow, whose name heads this record. He 'was the youngest of a family of ten children, two sons PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ',09 and eight daughters, and with tlie exception of two sisters all are yet living. His mother died in ISr)',), when he was only eight 3ears of age. He was educated mostly by his father,and in his youth was early inured to the labors of the farm. When only sixteen years of age he was married, the lady of his ciioice being Miss Nancy E. IMcPhail, daughter of James McPhaii, one of the jiioneer settlers of this county. By their union have been born four children, three sons and one daughter, but the latter, Lillie, died at the age of one year. Charles married Annie Haley; Ellis and Thomas arc still upon the home farm. ]S[r. Barlow exercises his rigiit of franchise in support of the Republican party, following in the footsteps of his father, and for about six years served as Constable, discliarging his duties with promptness and fidelity. After his marriage he embarked in farming for liimself, and carried on agricultural pursuits until about two years ago, when he came to Welshville and assumed the management of the Co-operative Association Store. In this capacity he is now employed. Mr. Barlow is a iHipular gentleman, widely and favorably known in this his native county. Those wliohavc been acciuaintcd with him from Ijoyliood are num- bered among his stanchest friends, a fact which indicates the honorable, upriglit life wiiicii he has lived. EORGE MUNHi. The farming community of Bond County has received a recent val- uable addition in this gentleman, who in 1892 removed iiither from St. Clair County and purchased a farm. In addition to general farming, tie is considerably interested in stock-raising, in which he has met with more than usual succes.s. A practical, energetic and persevering farmer, he uses modern methods of agriculture and the latest improved machinery, and his recently-purchased estate already gives indications of his skill and judgment. The province of Lorraine, then owned by France, but secured by Germany In the Franco-Prussian War, was the native place of our subject, and Aug- ust 24, 1844, the date of his birth. His father, Paul Munie, was born in that [jrovince in 1800, and there grew to manhood, choosing as his wife a lady who was likewise born in Lorraine. In 1853, the family emigrated to the United States, and, after landing at New Orleans, came by boat u)) the Mississii)pi River to St. Louis, whence tiiey proceeded to Illinois, and settled upon a farm in St. Clair Township, St. Clair County. There the father remained eng.aged in .agricultural occupa- tions until his death, which occurred April 17, 1866; his wife survived until 1881, passing away March 2.5 of that year. The following is recorded of the brothers and sisters of our subject: Magdalena married George Buchler and resided in St. Clair Township, St. Clair County; Hyacinth chose as his wife Miss Louise Adams, and they reside upon a farm near Freeburg in Smithton Township, .St. Clair County; Joseph married Christina Germain, and is a well- to-do farmer residing in St. Clair Township; Mary Ann; George, the youngest child, was reared on his father's farm in St. Clair Township, and in his youth was a student in the common schools, later attending the Catholic schools in Belleville. The estimable lady who, on April 10, 1866, became the wife of Mr. Munie, was born April 17, 1848, and bore the maiden name of Adeline Tribout. She was one of six surviving children among the thirteen born to Bonaventura and Margaret (Fournie) Tribout, the former a farmer in St. Clair County until his death May 5, 1881, at the age of seventy-five. The mother lives on the old home- stead two miles north of Belleville, and is in full possession of her mental faculties, notwithstanding her advanced age of seventy-eight. Eleven chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Munie, who are named George J., Magdalena, Katherina, Rosa, Louis, Erail3', John, Arthur, N'ictor, Lawrence and Edmond. Katherina died at the age of eighteen years; Rosa, when six; Louis at four, and Emil3' in infancy. The others reside under the parental roof, and are gaining good educations in the schools of the county. Mr, Munie removed to Hot Springs, Ark., 510 PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. having sold his farm in St. Clair Township, and for several months engaged in the wholesale pro- duce business. He was not satisfied with that •State, however, and soon returned to his former ])lace of residence, wiiere for about two years he was proprietor of an hotel in Belleville. He then boug'lit back liis old homestead in St. Clair County and resided there until 1892, when, realizing that it was too small to give employment to himself and sons, he sold it and bought the above-mentioned estate in Bond County. He is independent in politics and is a man of decided beliefs and force of will. He finds his religious home in the Catli- olic Church, in which faith he was reared, and to which he has ever been devoted. S^****!- ^♦♦•{••5-F Tf/ ARDIN ELMORE. The gentleman whose sketch we now puipose to place before the public is a prominent farmer of Zion Township, and is located on section 12, in tills township. Bond County, 111. He was born in Russell County, Ky., August 19, 1826. He owns four liundred acres of fine land and is a man well known in this locality. The father of our subject was Hiram El- more and lie was a native of North Carolina but was reared in Kentucky. His father died about the time he was born and his mother (our subject's respected grandmother) died in Bond County at the age of one hundred and five years. The mother of the gentleman of whom we write was Sarah Walker and she was a native of Kentucky-, where she was born and reared. Her father was .lames Walker, and he was an early settler of Mont- gomery County, 111. The father and motliei- of our subject were married in the Slate of Kentucky, where they lo- cated, but came to Illinois in 1830 and settled in- liond County, within Mulberry Grove Township, and there improved land which \y!is obtained from the Government. In 1831 tliey moved upon tt farm where our subject now lives. They wer enterprising people and were willing to make th best of circumstances. They lived in a rail pe for a time, until they could get the log cabin buil and enjoyed the life when the wolves were n( unusually bold. Those were days wlien luxuri( were not thought of and where a contented min gave more comfort than much money does i these extravagant times. The mother died man years ago, and the father married again, h second wife Ijeing Miss Lucy Curlee. From tl first marriage eight children resulted and froi the second there were two. Our subject is the oldest child of the first ma riage, and he has two sisters living. He was foi years old when he was brought into Bond Count; and he remembers the first school he attendei This was kept m a little log house, 12x14 feet, an in this temple of learning the foundations of h education were laid. The 3'oung man remained : home until the year 1816, when he enlisted i Company E, Third Volunteer Infantry-, for tl war with Mexico under Col. Zenas Foreman. A though not wounded, our subject felt the effec of the war for three years after, as for that tiir he was sick. The first marriage of Mr. Elm-ore was with Mii Sarah Secrns, and at her death she left thr( children, but only one remains at this time. Th is Mr. Russell Elmore, who resides in iMulberr Grove. The second marriage of our subject too place .July 14, 1864, to Miss Mary E. Roberts, native of Bond County, and the daughter c Richard S. Roberts. Five children have been bori of this marriage, Frank, Martha, Florence, liliz! beth and Lafayette. The large amount of land which Mr. Elmoi has under control numbers him among th land princes of the township. Almost all c it he has under cultivation and upon it he carrie on general farming and does well in raising stock He has a preference for the Jefferson ian princi pies of the Democratic party, and the ideas of tha party upon tariff and taxation of all kinds mee his approval. His family is one well known aiii higiily regarded in the ueighbofhood, PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 511 E. DEE, one of tlie well-known resideuts of Mulberry Grove, carries on a floiirisliing milling business in this place. The fatlier jf our subject was named Hiram Dee, and he was I native of Vermont, born in 1812, and was reared in ills native place, whei'c he conducted a shoc- naker sho}). The father tif Hiram was named Washington, for the Father of our country, was a lative of Vermont, and was of Scotch-Dutch par- jntage. The mother of our subject was Mary ^Valker, and she was a native of Vermont also, and ^■as reared in her native village, and in that State )ur subject's parents were married. Thcj removed o Des ftloines County, Iowa, and lived there un- il 18.51, when they came into Madison County, uid located near St. Jacobs, where the father died n 1863, and the mother in 188,5. The former .ook part in the Civil War, having been a member )f Company I), One Hundred and Seventeeth lUi- lois Infantry, and served his country faithfully. Hr. and Mrs. Dee were the parents of eleven chil- Iren, seven of whom grew to maturity, and six of hem are still living. The eldest of these is the ubjectof the present sketch, Charles. The others ,re, Lavina C, Warren W., Clara O., James G., and jaurence W. Our subject is tiie second .son and cliild in the aniily. Being tlie eldest of the living children, he responsibility of the family fell upon him fter his father's death. His first schooling was ibtained in Iowa, where he attended the subscrii)- ion schools, and after he came into this State, he went to school in St. Clair County. He remained with his mother caring for the family until his marriage. This important event took place Au- gust -1, 1870, wlien he made Miss Sarah B. Riley his wife. Siie was the daughter of William Riley, and was a native of Bond County, where she grew to womanhood. Our subject came into this county in 1869, and located at Mulberry Grove, and there engaged in the sawmilling business, in wliich he continued for one year, when he started a tlouring mill, and has made a very successful business of this en- terprise. His mill is one of the latest In all im- provements, .and is a sixty-barrel roller mill, and his (lour is in great demand. Ills trade is con- stantly increasing, for the staff of life is a neces- sary adjunct to every family, and all prudent peo- ple soon find where the best Hour can be olitained- Poor flour makes poor bread, and tliat Is dear at any price. Mr. and Mrs. Dee became the parents of tliree chil- dren, of whom two are living, (ieorge and Wallace; Charles E. died at the age of sixteen months. Mr. Dee is a Republican in his political [n-eference, and cast his first vote for Abraham Tvincoln, and has voted with that party since. In his church relation- ship, our subject is iirominently connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and In that de- nomination he is Trustee and Class -leader. He is a man of means, and one who possesses the esteem of the whole neighborhood. The Wabash. S)0 THE public and our thousands of readers in general: It will no doubt be interesting to all if we give a brief description of this road. The Wabash, as now known, has been oper- ated under different names from time to time. It is the offspring, as it were, of the first line of road projected in Illinois, then known as the Northern Cross Railroad, extending from Dan- ville to Quincv. This was chartered in 18.37, and upon it the first locomotive was placed in the winter of 1838-39, running from Meredosia, on the Illinois River, to .Jacksonville. In 1842, the road was completed from .Jacksonville to Springfield, and three trips per week were made. The track was of the old Hat-rail style, wliicli was made by nailing thin strips of iron on two parallel lines of timbers placed at the proper distance apart and running lengthwise of the road. The engine, as well as the road, became so impaired that the former had to be abandoned and mules substituted as the motor power. IIf)wever, such locomotion was destined to be of short duration, for the State soon after sold the entire road for a nominal sum, and thus for a short time was suspended one of the first railroad enterprises in Illinois. But in the West a new era-one of prodigious industrial ac- tivity and far-reaching results in the practical arts — was dawning, and within thirty years of the tem- porary failure of the road mentioned, Illinois had outstripped all others in gigantic internal improve- ments, and at present has more miles of railroad than an}' other State in the Union. The Great Western, whose name has been successively changed to Toledo, Wabash & Western, Wabash, and Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific, and Wabash Railroad, and The Wabash, the last of which it still bears, was an extension of the Northern Cross Railroad above mentioned, and traverses some of the finest portions of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. It soon became the popular highway of travel and traffic between the East and the West. Through a S3 stem of consolidation unparalleled in American railways, it has become a giant among them, and has added many millions of dollars to the value of bonds and shares of the various com- panies now incorporated in the Wabash System, rhe road takes its title from the river of that name, a tributary of the Ohio, which in part sep- arates the States of Illinois and Indiana. In look- ing over the maps of the Wabash Railroad it will be seen that the line extends through the most fertile and wealthy portions of the center of the United States, having termini at more large cities than any other Western road. It was, indeed, a far-reaching sagacity which consolidate/ in a southwesterly direction to Jacksonville, it which latter place its general offices and head- quarters are. From Jacksonville it extends in a southeasterly direction through the counties of Morgan, Sangamon, Macoupin, Montgomery, Bond, Clinton, Marion and Jefferson to Mt. Vernon. The most important station on this branch south of Jacksonville is Litchfield, the principal city of Montgomery County. At Sorento, in Bond County, it crosses the line of the Toledo, St. Louis & Kan- sas City Railroa#i and at Smithboro the Vandalia, in Bond County. Extensive repair shops have been established at Mt. Vernon and Jacksonville. From Litchfield a branch of this line extends al- most due north to Springfield, the capital of the State. Also from Litchfield extends the St. Louis Division. Thus it will be seen that this road has many important- and growing cities on its line. On the completion of its line to St. Louis running arrangements were made by which the Santa Fe uses its track, thus affording another trunk line between Chicago and St. Louis. Its managers arc wide-awake, active and energetic men, and are bringing the road to the front. --^^ 5B Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad, ^^ENERALLY known as the "Clover Leaf." , — , This road was first constructed as a narrow- iA! gauge road, but owing to its inabiiitj- in that condition to successfully compete with other lines, it went into the hands of a receiver, the same being Gen. John McNulta, whose splendid ability as a railroad manager soon placed the road on its feet, and gradually' increased its earnings, and soon thereafter he had it on a paying basis. It was during the incumbency of the receiver that the plan of broadening the gauge was inaugu- rated and subsequently successfully carried out. It now forms an important line for Eastern and Western traffic, with its eastern termini at Toledo, where the general offices are located, and the western terminus at St. Louis. Its patronage is constantly increasing. This line has opened up a good district of country in both Montgomery and Bond Counties. The principal towns along its line in these counties are Fillmore, Coffeen and Sorento. tHs^^ Abell.P.C SOT' Adams, Johu 23 Adams, John Q S9' Adams Lemuel 454 Alexander, J. T 26S Almond, Anthony 158 Anderson, Mrs. Elizabeth '278 Anderson, R. M 145 Appleton, H. E 2-.'8. Arthm-, Chester A 9!) B Baker, J. M 2!l'2 Baker, T.T 3.50 Barlow, T. M 508 Barnett, F. C 270 Beardsley , C W 426 Becker, Rev. Henry 191 Bennett, Hon. R. F 289 Best, H. A 489 Bighain. Joseph 352 Black, J. A., M. D 316 Blackburn, Robert 309 Blackwelder, J. F., M. D 205 Blizzard, Prof. Calvin 483 Boll, Pangratz 327 Boulton, R. P 184 Bourquin, Ahram 370 BrakenholV, George 267 BrakenholV, Henry 275 Bray.H. W 300 Breuchaud, Adolphe 312 Brewer, W. H 1.55 Briggs, VV. M 498 Brokinier, August 279 Brunken, (iarrelt 262 Buchanan.. lames 75 JSiirhanan. J. G 410 ^'^Mngton, C. (i., M. D .505 'Blifehardt, .Tohn .354 "t?' Caliban, Anthony 238 Carroll, Rev. P. F 391 Carsteus, Garrett 427 Case, Loron 123 Cass, J. J 213 Cauby , Josephus 2S8 Caulli, J.N 411 Clan ton, John 476 Clearwater, Jacob, M. D 4.53 Cleveland , S. Grover 103 Coireen, Hon. G. F 473 Combs, Hon. J. A 235 Cook, W. H., M. U 272 Copeland , A. B 156 Cornelius, R. E 185 Co.x.J.H 296 Cress, Jacob 465 D Davis, J. P l:» Davis, J. Y 370 Davis, Rancy 281 Day, E. R 437 Dee,C. E 511 Dcnman, Smith 402 Denny, E. W 480 Denny, I. H 275 Denny, J. B 211 Denny, O.C 433 Di.xnn, Robert 467 Donnell, Capt. J. D 202 Douuell, J. ill 221 Donnell, VV, N ,....'^6 Dressor, E. \V 177 Dressor, Francis 161 Durdy, A. C 277 E Elliott, S. L Elmore, Hardin Essenpreis, Leo .u;i .510 .179 Ferguson, H. M 281 File, J. F ...297 Fillmore, Millard 67 Fireman, John 457 Fitzjarrell, BIrs. C. H 227 Flint, G.W 475 Fogleman, John 4;15 Foster, George 122 Freeland, P. L., 51. D 459 Fuller, J. F 205 Garfield, James A 95 Garrison, C. W 223 Gartner, William 151 Gerhard, L.M 224 Gordon, J. H., M. D 307 Gracey, W. C 362 Graff, Daniel 4 12 Grant, Llysses S S7 Green, B. F 419 Greenleaf, E. L 180 Greenwood, J. K v.,.128 OroDor, Rev. W. H .":.:42S Grosenheider, Frank 430 Gross, ]?. J 376 Grubbs, Hon. S. M 214 Grubc, Henry 190 Gum, J. R 359 Guthrie, \V. H 156 Gwyn, A. F 339 H Hjlgood. R. B 369 Hall, J.S 3t2 Haller, Jacob 488 Hard, Leoiiidas 216 Harold, Val ee 445 Harris, U. B 448 Harrison, Benjamin 107 Harrtson, William Henry 5! Hartley, John 420 Hartsock, L. M 306 Hayes, A. H 206 Hayes, Rutherford B 91 Haynes, Baxter, M . D 288 Hendricks, B. A 168 Henry, Hon. A. G 255 Hensen, H. H 363 Herwig, John 252 Hinkle, M. V 259 Holmes, M. D 260 Hood, Hon. H. H 505 Hoog, Edward 343 Howett, W. A 478 Hubbard, L. B 247 Hubbard, S. VV 361 Hubbard, T. S 417 Htilbert. E. M 321 Hunter, Marshall 496 Jackson, Andrew 43 Jefferson, Thomas 27 .leanings, C. VV 288 .Testes, D. F 208 Jett, J. VV 484 INDEX. Jett.T.M »47 Johnson, Andrew 83 Johnson, C. W 183 .Jones, E. C, M. D 303 Jordan, A. C 317 Jordan, C.H 145 Jordan , L. W 30B Jordan, R.C 4:!il K Keiser, Harm 26!) Keiser, John 301 Kessinger,S. W 139 Kins;, Mrs. Lucy K 413 Kirk, Thomas 470 Knebel, Leopold *200 Koch, William 2!)9 Kortkamp, William 370 Krager, John 364 Lane, Hon. Edward 150 Lane, Hon. J. B 341 Law, Frederick 446 Laws,T. (J l:« Laws, William 474 Lee, Samuel 2\S Libbey.S. H 127 Linck, Christian, M. D 221 Lincoln , Abraham 70 Lindbeck, A. VV 169 Lindly, Hon. C.J 126 Lingle, N.H. M 298 Lipe, Wiley 28.') Litchfield Public Library 455 Lohmann, Frederick 400 Lyman, George 262 Lynch, J. A 249 M Mackay, Robert 164 Maddux, J. T 291 Madison, James 31 Marshall, .Tames 172 Matney, W. D., M. V 389 McAdams, Jesse 308 McCaslin, W. G 401 Mc.Conathy , Jacob 276 McCracken, James 39.5 McCulIey , Joseph 25S McDavid, J. B 142^ McDavid, J. S 874 McEwcii, A. F 4158 McKinuey, Joseph 326 McLean, J. C J3G McLean, S. H., M. D 215 McNichoIs, W. H 397 McWilliams, Maj. Robert .... 3S0 Miller, Austin 213 Miller, G. W 480 Miliior, Hon. F. R 4f5 Mindrup, George 342 Monroe, James 35 Moos, Peter 269 Morey, Hiram 436 Morey , T. P 2,i7 Mueller, G. H 311 Munday, C. B., Jr 149 Murphy, D. P 384 N Newport, John. . . Northcott, W. A. ..3C5 .146 o Ogan, Evan 266 Ohhnan, Capt. Michael 319 Owens, W.J 196 Paisley, H. C 403 Panuwitt, F. J 190 Paul, Jacob 231 Peach, William 171 Pennington , Prof. Lott 381 Phelps, Hon. S. A 167 Phillips, Hon. J. J 501 Phillipsen. Anton 423 Pierce, Franklin 71 Poggenpohl. Herman 121 Polk, James K .lO Potter, W.N 129 Preston, C. A 491 Price, John 162 Prickett, J. N •. .295 Probst, Michael 169 R Ramsey, Hon. C. Ramsey, G. J Handle, H. N Randolph, A. S. . . Reese, G. A Reum, C. H .385 .4a5 ,.1.52 ..3:!4 .36.S .467 Rhodes, A. F 501 Bice,S. R 186 Ripley, R. W 207 Roberts, R. S. I) 124 Robin.son, J. VV 280 Rogers, C. A 217 Rogers, Theodore , Jr 320 Rose, J. VV 353 Rosebrough, W. H 407 Ross, J. T 405 Royer, J. D 429 Saathoff, Henry 239 Sammons. Capt. E. T 360 Sanders, Capt. G. M 315 Sawyer, A. A. K 466 Scharf , William 245 Schhickebier, C 41i8 Schlup, John 245 Schwartzly, John 201 Sedentop, Louis.. . . 138 Seeleldt, E. J 424 Settlemire, G. L 351 Seymour. C. VV 418 Seymour, J. R 430 Shepherd, Hiram 173 Sherburne, A. J 193 Short, H.S.,.M.D 229 Shaping, W. A 300 Sides, William 322 Sieek, William 354 Siemens, Christian 463 SihIer.G. A.,M. D 318 Simon, John 290 Singer, Nicholas 408 Smith, W. C. H 507 Snell, Wesley 192 Southworth, Hon. Eliziir 468 Sp-annagel, G. R 456 Spradling, J. .H 260 Sprinkle, J. M 3.11 Stahl, Mrs. M. J 477 Stansifer, J.T 140 Stewart, A. M 413 Strehle, J. C 487 Stulle, Peter 227 Sutton, J. J 328 Swan, G. P 479 Tannehill, J. O Tathani.G. M Taylor, Zachary. . Terry, W. H Thomas, L. H Tlioiupson, J. P. . . . Todl.J.H Towell.I.T Travels, G. B Traylor, Prof. J. L. .212 .445 . 63 .121 .119 .282 .170 .178 ,.149 .130 Traylor, M. B 163 Truitt, C. R 385 Truitt, Hon. J. M 333 Truitt, Mayfleld 344 Tully, Francis 414 Tuohy, M. E 174 Turner, J. B 494 Tyler, John .55 u Upstone, G. S. Utiger, A. J. . . .332 .392 Van Buren, Martin 47 Van Deusen, Delos 373 Vest,T.L 382 Voleiitine, W. B 447 Voorhees.E.R 507 w Wagner, Louis 160 Wait,F.F ,351 Wait.H. W 486 Walhs, J. D 398 Walter, Col. Paul 298 Washington, George 19 Weaver, A. F 357 Weaver. G. A 189 Weber, J. M 364 Weber, VV. F 239 Webster, William 337 Weitekamp, John 222 Welch, O.C 386 Welch, S. H 424 Wellar, Conrad 440 White, E.H 3.3S White, J. C 348 White, J. W 404 VVhitehouse, Charles 347 Whitchouse, H. G 230 Whitlock, J. VV 137 Whitlow, W. W 250 Whitworth, J. F 3-25 Wiegrelfe. William 406 Wilcox, E. N 251 Wild, J. W 323 Wilkins, D. R., M. D 157 VVillcford , Robert 199 VVilleford. Willis 450 Williams, T. VV 495 Wilson. William 506 Witt, L. H 271 Woltmauu, Jobu 318 INDEX. Wood.L. F 438 Wooil, Capt. P. C -iSS Woodman . D. P Ill Wooster, \V. L Ml Wright, J. C 4-18 Wyckoll , J. S 497 Yackle, Frank 243 Younpr, James SOO YounpT, J. P lai YoiiiiK, J. W 310 Younfj, W. A 396 Youn^', Hon. William 194 Young, Rev. \V. J 434 Zepp, Hon. D. H 2;jf; 4(;0 Zink, Hon. (J. L 188 -H-f#^^=#+^- Adams, John 22 Adams, John Q 38 Arthur, Cliester A 98 Brewer, W. H 151 Buchanan, .Tames 74 Caulk, J. N 410 Clearwater, J 452 Cleveland, S. Grover 102 Colleen, Hon. (J. F 472 Denny, Imhert H 274 Denny, J. B 210 Denny. O. C 432 Dressor, E. VV 17C Fillmore, Millard G6 Garfield, J. A »4 Gordon, J. H.,M. D 3^6 Grant, U. S 86 Harrison, Benjannn lott Harrison. W. U .io Haye.s, R. B 90 Jaekson, Andrew 42 Jetrerson, Thomas 26 Johnson, Andrew 82 Jordan, C. H 144 Jordan, Mrs. Clara 144 Kortkainp, William 37S Linok.C, M. D 220 Lincoln, Abraham 78 Lipe, Wile.y 281 Madison. James ;',0 Matney, W. L)., M. D S.'^s Monroe, James 31 Newport, John 301 Phelps, S. A 166 PhilliiJsen, Anton 422 Pierce, Franklin 70 Polk, J. K ,-i8 Prickett, J. N 294 Sanders, Capt. G. M 3U Scharf, A. H 243 Scharf, William 242 Siu-inkle, J.M 330 I'aylor, Zachary 62 Thomas, A. B 117 Thomas, L. H 116 Tyler, John j4 Van Buren, Martin 46 Washington, George 18 Weaver, G. A 188 Whitehouse, Charles .346 Whitworth , J. F 324 Willefurd, Robert 198 Almond, .\nthony l.'jO Bounniin, A 371 Hrunken, Garrelt 2»"3 liuchanan. J. G 441 Burkhardt, John 355 Davis, Mrs. H. M 371 Denny, E. W 481 Donnell, Mrs. A. K 203 Gerhard, I-. M 225 Herwi^, John 253 McCaslin, W. G 399 Randolph, Abel 335 Sieck, William :J55 Stutle, Peter 225 Thomas, L. H 132 Tully, Fr.ancis 415 Wagner, Louis 461 Waflis, J. D , . . 399 Webster, William ■. . ..335 Wellar, Conrad „ . . .441 Zimmerman, W. J 461 '-.-*S?J«^ %.c^ 'Xd^ t%c^ *^%, "V^ -^^Vc^ *^ ^^X . <^:^i^'\^ ^V:^^X^ ^^:^^V"" V^-x'.^.%-°°^~c^- ^^: ^^-. /: ^. ■/ \, y -:- /...^^^^ '^ . '.:-^v/ '^^';:^rf;^^ ^Z^?:^^/^ !^<;;'^^^^^/^ ^y^^^^ '-& ^ ^ .>- -/'^ .'t;>./ /^^'^ /^"^ V ^<:'-r:^^'j^.^<:^-f^^^J^ ^y^^^^ ^■^''^yj^ '^/^^^'/ %^---^ % 'I ^'' / ^ ^%.^' '\<^'' ^./ ^ :^%^^^^ :J^^' '^<^ '% , °' c ■^^d< ■^^d^- ■^^ 0^ "^^d^ 'S'aO'' ,^^ -., ,<^^ -.. - ■ ^'^^ ^- • N^^ ^-^