-/ . \^ <.<' -,. ,\> •^. ''^^V- • \~ ->f. •i K^^^. ■*: .V^ \;^7^'V ^^ -^ct v"?- \\^^' \^\::/'. ■•>, .<" ^. "^■"h^-P^^ .^\^ .0^ .^x'-^ V%:, o^ ,\^~^ "^c. .x^^'^'~ V ••r ? « c -jv ,>f \ N^ '■#' r. " A aV '/* o. J *« ^^^ V^ \Q°<.. '^1 * \^ ,S\^' ^r^ ^^ C, >- v^o .o- •x r--^. ;t^^^' V' x^^- I: "^0^ -^"^ V ■ 1 A^V A "O c^' ^ ■ S- * . .^'' ■r"-^. ' ^^ •^ ' " ^^-^ A ' ^ %. ^^ 0> -^'"'/'c- ^' l-T y -^. ■^o .0 0. ^Q^!'L. •7. 'X^' "O '.^ '-P ^. <^^ "^ it . -Ap • ex; PREFACE. ^"[^HE history of Union Coiinty, M'hich has been for a year past in course of JL preparation, is herewith presented to the patrons of the work, in a form which is confidently believed will prove satisfactory to all. The magnitude of the task of writing such a history can only be conceived by those who are ex- perienced, and the thousand other details attendant upon the preparation and publication of the work are familiar to and can be appreciated only by those who have engaged in similar business. The result of twelve months of hard labor is a history of which the compilers and publishers are proud, and which, if possessing imperfections, is as nearly accurate as it has been possible to make it in the time taken, and maj' be considered authentic and reliable. The writers have been conscientious in the execution of their duty, and those per- sons engaged in the various other branches have also attended faithfully and well to the tasks assigned them. The first eleven chapters of the general his- tory, as also chapter thirteen, were prepared by Pliny A. Durant, who also wrote the history of Marysville. Chapter twelve is contributed by Judge John B. Coats. Part IT. Military Record, was contributed by Col. Will L. Curry, to whom are due the earnest thanks of writers and publishers for the interest he has taken in the work and the facilities he has afforded, when within his pow- er, to those in search of information for insertion in this volume. The histories of Paris, Claibourne, Darby, Jackson, Jerome, Leesburg, AVashington and York Townships were written by John B. Mansfield, of Ashland, Ohio, and those of Allen, Dover, Liberty, Mill Creek, Taylor and Union by N. B. Holder, of Greenville, Ohio. R. L. Woodburn, Esq.. of Marysville, furnished an article on the County Agricultural Society ; Dr. T. P. Shields, of Watkins, contrib- uted an excellent paper upon the County Grange ; William Lee, of Marys- ville, is the author of the article upon the County Bible Society and a sketch of his brother, Cyprian Lee, deceased ; Judge P. B. Cole furnished interest- ing biographical sketches, mentioned elsewhere, and is also credited with many special favors ; Capt. H. C. Hamilton, of Eichwood, furnished interesting reminiscences which were added to the history of Claibourne Township ; Kev. John Graham, of Richwood, prepared the religious history of his township, and others in all parts of the county have contributed freely of their knowl- edge and allowed the gentlemen in charge the use of very many documents bearing upon the early history of the county. Especial mention should also be made, for favors extended, of Hon. J. W. Robinson, F. J. Sager, Col. A. B. Robinson, William M. Robinson (Pres- ident of the Pioneer Society), Judge John L. Porter, John H. Shearer, Leon- idas Piper, Esq., all the county ofiicers, the Directors and Librarian of the Marysville Library, the officers of the Marysville corporation, George Snod- grass (the oldest surviving native of the county), A. S. Mowry, Mrs. Stephen Winget, R. L. Partridge, Taber Randall, W. M. Winget, Mrs. Judge Cassil and daughter, W^ C. Malin, Philip Snider, John F. Sabine, Dr. A. Sabine, j.^Mrs. A. F. Wilkins, Mrs. Thomas Turner, membei's of the clergy, press and / HAP. Bio\ IV PUEFACK. bar, members of the various churches, orders and societies, Hon. H. Sabine, State Commissioner of Kailroads and Telegraphs, the Recorder of Ross Coun- ty, Mrs. Judge Woods and family, of Minneapolis, Minn., Nelson Cone and John Curry, of Jerome Township, Llewellyn Curry, of Chicago, proprietors of manufacturing establishments, and all who have contributed, even in the least degree, to swell the vast f and of valuable historical matter which is in- cluded in this publication. It is impossible to mention the names of all who have thus aided. No stone has been left unturned which would reflect further light upon doubtful points. The patrons' biographical department of each Township is full and complete ; the portraits which have been inserted are" from among the representative families of the county, and the book is most respectfully submitted by The Publishers. k 4' CONTENTS. PART I. HISTORY OF THE XORTHWEST TERRITORY. PAGE. Geographical Position 19 Early Explorations 20 Discovery of Ohio 32 English Explorations and Settle- PAGE. ments 34 American Settlements 59 Division of the Northwest Terri- tory 65 PAGE. Tecumseh and the War of 1812 ... 69 Black Hawk and the Black Hawk War 73 PART II. HISTORY 4»F THE STATE OF OHIO. History of Ohio 93 F'rench History 96 Ordinance of l"787, No. 32 105 The War of 1812 122 Organization of Counties 1,37 Description of Counties 137 Early Events 137 (iovernors of Ohio 160 Banking 126 Ancient Works 174 The Canal System 128 j Some General Characteristics 177 Ohio Land Tracts 129 | Outline Geology of Ohio 179 Improvements 132 ' Ohio's Rank During the War 182 State Boundaries 136 PART III. A Brief >rention of Prominent Ohio Generals 191 Some Discussed Subjects 196 Conclusion 200 Comments upon the Ordinance of 1787, from the Statutes of Ohio. Edited by Salmon P. Chase, and Published in the year 1833 204 HISTOKY' OF UIVIOIV COfTXTY. PAGE. CHAPTER I.— Physical Features— Geography, Topography, Geolot'V, Soils, etc 215 CHAPTER n.— The Western Border— Indian Occupants — Border Warfare — Treaties, Facts and Incidents 222 CHAPTER III.— The Virginia Military District — Origin of Title — Explorations and Surveys — Prominent Surveyors — First Settlements in the District ". 262 CHAPTER IV.— Pioneer History— Pre-Historic — Early Events, Manners and Customs — Early Schools, Religious Organizations, Etc. — Miscellaneous Matters of Interest Con- cerning Pioneer Times 277 CHAPTER v.— Civil Organization of XTnion County — Its Pedigree — Organization and Facts PAGE. Connected Therewith— Its Division Into Townships— Location of County Seat— County Buildings .' .304 CHAPTER VI.— County Societies .328 CHAPTER VII.— The County Board— Proceed- ings of the Board of Commissioners— Statisti- cal ,341 CHAPTER VIII.— The Courts and Civil List .' 359 CHAPTER IX.-The Fcnch and Bar of Union Countv 374 CHAPTER X.— The Union County Medical Asso- ciation 397 CHAPTER XI —The Press of Union Countv 399-' CHAPTER XII.— Log Cabin Campaign of 1840, etc. 402 CHAPTER XIIL— Internal Improvements^ 410 PART IV. MILITARY CHAPTER I.— War of the Revolution 427 CHAPTER II.— War of 1812 429 I CHAPTER III.— The Old Militia 434 CHAPTER IV.— The Mexican War, 1846-1847 437 I CHAPTER v.— The War of the Rebellion 441 ! Roster— Infantry Regiments, with History. 452-.523 Cavalry Regiments, with History 523-530 Miscellaneous Regiments, with Historv 530 Miscellaneous I^nlistments .533 Siege of Cincinnati 534 Veterans 535 RECORD. A Tabular List of Military Organizations of Ohio, with the leading facts in their Historv 537 Losses by Regiments of Union County Sol- diers '. 540 Union County's Heroic Dead 541 National Military Cemeteries 541 Names and Dates of the Principal Battles of the War of the Rebellion 542 Relief Work and Aid Societies 551 Union CountyvEx-Soldiers' Association '. 553 Grand Army of the Republic 554 Marches, Battles and Sieges 557 PART V. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. CHAPTER I.— Paris Township— Marysville.. 3 Biographical Sketches 76 CHAPTER II.— Union Township 158 Biographical Sketches 198 CHAPTER III.— Darby Township 217 Biographical Sketches 242 CHAPTER IV.— .Terome Township 262 Biogranhical Sketches 291 CHAPTEIj v.— Mill Creek Township 328 Biographical Sketches 343 CIxAPTER VI.— Dover To-«>nship 353 Biographical Sketches.. 372 CHAPTER VII.— Liberty Township 381 Biographical Sketches 404 CHAPTER VIII.— Leesburg Township 414 Biographical Sketches 433 CHAPTER IX.— Allen Township 451 Biographical Sketches 471 CHAPTER X.- Jackson Township 484 Biographical Sketches 50< CHAPTER XI —York Township 51.3 Biographical Sketches 535 CHAPTER Xll.-Claibourne Township .557 Biographical Sketches 607 CHAPTER XIIL- Washington Township 656 Biographical Sketches 666 CHAPTER XIV.— Taylor Township 674 Biographical Sketches 684 VI CONTENTS. PORTRA1T.S. Otway Curry Frontispiece. Paet II. James A. Curry 11'^ William Hamilton 134 W. W. Woods 151 C. S. Hamilton 170 J. H. Langstaff. 187 Jesse Gill '^06 James FuUington 211 Part III. John B. Coats 226 Nathan Howard 235 George Stevens 246 G. B.Hamilton 255 Andrew McNeil 266 William T. Fulton 275 Levi Longbrake 28G John H. Shearer 295 S. B. Woodburn 336 J. K. Richey 345 Thomas Stillings 356 James Thompson 365 A. S. Chapman 370 A. H. McCampbell....l 385 George M. Rickard 396 J. Q. Southard 405 W. H. MePeck 416 Part IV. W. H. Robb 443 D. H. Henderson 462 Andrew Sabine 479 A. B. Robinson 498 D. W. Henderson 515 John Hobensack -533 H. C. Hamilton 550 Part V. S. D. Robinson 9 Jehu Gray 20 Lorenzo Cheney 29 W. P. Hazen 40 I. N. Hamilton 49 J. W. Hedges 60 George M. McPeck 69 E. E. Hazen 80 Henry- Hazen 89 PAGE. P.^RT V — Continued. Leroy Decker lOO J. T. McCuUough 109 J. H. Dodge 120 E. K. Fox 129 E. Y. King 140 A. J. Blake 149 John Blair 160 R. L. Partridge 169 W. C. Henderson 180 George Wilber 189 Peleg Cranston 200 Luther Turner 209 H. P. Goff 220 Walter B. Beecher 229 J. T. Mahaffey 240 S. S. Jewell 249 James .'^mith 260 W. C. Wood 269 Michael Sager 280 Robert Hill 289 James S. Smith 309 W. M. Winget 320 J. F. Bennett 329 J. V. Finley 340 Elijah Witter 349 Shepherd Clark 360 Philip Coe 369 J. D. Haines 380 Samuel Sherwood 389 Matthew Lingrel 400 Henry Amrine 409 Stephen Cranston 420 Henry Fox 4^9 John Newhouse 440 David Reyner 449 S. D. Kilgore 460 John Elliott 469 Andrew Taylor 480 James Herd 489 J. J. Gabriel 500 John Maskill 509 J. M. Gunder 520 Thomas Skidmore 529 William M. Skidmore 540 Amon Davis 549 B. P. Glascoe 560 George Coder , 569 John Paver 580 IL-lillSTKATIOXS. Source of the Mississippi 22 La Salle Landing on the Shores of Green Bay 24 Buffalo Hunt 26 Trapping 28 Mouth of the Mississippi 31 High Bridge 33 Pontiae, the Ottawa Chieftain 42 Indians Attacking Frontiersman 55 Present Site of Lake Street Bridge, Chicago, 1833 5i A Pioneer Dwelling 60 Lake Bluft 62 Tecumseh, the Shawnee Chieftain 68 Indians Attacking a Stockade 71 Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 74 Perry's Monument, Cleveland 91 Niagara Falls 92 MISCErLiAXEOU-S. Map of Union County 14-15 Constitution of the United States 79 Area of the United States 203 Area of the Principal Countries in the World 203 First Union County Court House, Lithograph 305 Third Union County Court House, Lithograph 316 Fourth Union County Court House, Lithograph 325 Population of the Principal Countries in the World 203 Population of Ohio by Counties 203 Population of Union County :i47 Photo-Lithograph of account kept by Col. James lurry when in the service of the United States, made from the original document <... oOO ^2;; ^ © (I PART I. The Northwest Territory. The Northwest Territory. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the Ohio and the Mississippi Rivers, and north to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of Minnesota' lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the " New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern Territory. " in comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula- tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of the entire population of the United States. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far- stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North- west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. (19) 20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer took advantage of these discoveries. In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " rnoored their bark on the wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene- trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary, below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders attempted to spend a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes, nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders l^y Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months after. In 1665, Claude Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for M. Talon, Governor Gen- eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac. During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St. Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied — as all others did then — that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God's children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come. Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with a THE NORTHWEST TEERITOE.Y. 21 request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe- dition, prepared for the undertaking. On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist- ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But, nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar- quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows, which these good j^eople had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the year previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake. He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to Joliet, said: " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun- tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage, returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin, which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were now upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of 22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand " reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab- itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas- tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors. SOUECE OF THE MISSISSIPPI. On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person. After remaining a few daj^s they re-embarked and descended the river to about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 23 up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois, rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, *' did we see such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards, swans, ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River." The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them until 1675. On the 18th of May, in that year, as he was passing the mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe, he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefuU}'' passed away while at prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been called Marquette. While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre- paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun by him. These were Robert de La Salle and Louis Hennepin. After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific, when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol- lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan, dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf of Mexico would bind the countr}^ so wonderfully together, give un- measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis- tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized. LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who warmly approved of them, and made hun a Chevalier. He also received from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev- 24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the GrifiQn up Lake Erie. He passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St.- Clair and into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans " of the French, where he found a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors, LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAY. Started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear- ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all the men — thirty working men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking. By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by the Indians, "Theakeke," tvolf, because of the tribes of Indians called by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there. The French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee. "Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the country," about the last of December they reached a village of the Illi- nois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 25 no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuff's, took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi- ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored, the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening, on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-ivi, that is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel. He called this fort " Crevecoeur'" (broken-heart), a name expressive of the very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship. Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered. While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour- ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for the object of his search. Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecoeur on the last of February, 1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen- nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy- age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies." Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony 26 THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY. in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villao-es. Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen, BUFFALO HUNT. lieaded by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene- trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow- countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went to France, where he published an account of his adventures. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 2T The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring, De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander- ings, fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers, reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them- selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brig- antines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it would lead them to the sea, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba. They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi; but, being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country, and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through. To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed the Portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February reached the banks of the Mississippi. On the 18th they commenced their downward course, which they pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis- covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event : " We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de La Salle went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the eighth we reascended the river, a little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to the column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription : " Louis Le Grand, Roi de France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme April, 1682." The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi,''' the column was erected by M. de La Salle, who, standing near it, proclaimed in a loud voice the authority of the King of France. La Salle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis- sissippi settlements in Illinois ; thence he proceeded to France, where another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along the shore of the gulf. On the third voyage he was killed, through the 28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not accomplished until 1699, Avhen D"Iberville, under the authority of the crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the "Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives *^ MalboiicJua,'' and by the Spaniards, " Za Palissade,'' from the great tiJd. TRAPPING. number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved. T:i 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colo- nists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by THE NORTHWEST TERRITOrvT. 29 the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ; had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu- ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecoeur,) it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, tlie first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored." The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil- lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated " Aux Cascaskias, autremeut dit de I'lmraaculate Conception de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecoeur. This must have been about the year 1700. The post at Vincennes on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly^ was estab- lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob- able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta- tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle- ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the famous Mississippi Compan}', established by the notorious John Law, who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away. From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis- sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated * There is considerable dispute aijout tliis date, some asserting it was founded as late as 174^. When the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities oa the subject were carefully examined, and. 170a fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house. 30 THE NOKTHWEST TEKKITORY. injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened the trade through the JNIississippi River, and started the raising of grains indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives, within a space of twentj^-one leagues situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid (Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all Id. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be consumed ; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans." This city was now the seaport town of the Northwest, and save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem- ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially occupied. New Orleans contains black, Avhite and red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans, plantations are again met with ; the mOst considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty -five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther uj) is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners through fear of the Chickasaws. Hero and at Point Coupee, they raise excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas, where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of tlie river traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to THE NOKTHWEST TERRITORY. 31 work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writing from the post at Vinceniiesin 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also saj's : " Some individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada. Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also iu this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large pieces are found in the streams." MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Mauinee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan, at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac, Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, 32 THE ^'ORTHWEST TERRITORY. and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for securing the great profits arising therefrom. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO. This " Beautiful" river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La- Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet and Marquette, While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition. While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state- ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream. LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to the commerce of China and Japan. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov- ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendaut, Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro- vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul- pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed. The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33 from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving lUGII BRIDGE, LAKE BLLTT, LAKE COUNTY, ILLINOIS. amono- the Iroquois, thev met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio m six weeks. Delic^hted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer m the West. Ke 34 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec. He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian. After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669. The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony- mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Cgunt Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why tlie French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley." ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri- ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35 conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to secure the country west of the Alleghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretarj^ of the prov- ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces- sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim. She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat- ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward. Gov- ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei- das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of Virginia," for which the Indians received ,£200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid. The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel William Beverly. As.settlements extended, the promise of more pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with, presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa- nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment, and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In. 1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant of land beyond the Alleghenies. This was granted, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun- dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000 acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French 36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud- reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel- eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville, and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur- ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng- lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. (They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri- tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. The name is probably some variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones Pickaweke." • * The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV., King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Gallisoniere, com- mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian villages of these cantons, have buried this plate at the confluence of the Toradakoin, this twenty-ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise Beautiful Rivw, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and^all its tributaries; inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maiutaiiied it by tUeir arms and treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Aix La Cliapelle." THE NORTHWEST TERRITOEY. 37 This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter- ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter- mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing- ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan- caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June, these Commissioners met the red men at LogstoAvn, a little village on the north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts- burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban- doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, induced him to use his infxuence in their favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley, Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manoeuvre each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con- tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni- tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758: " The Indians on the Ohio left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our atfections. The Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when we wanted help, forsook us." At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng- lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans of the French. The}^ had sent messages to the French, warning them away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts already begun, and would not abandon the field. Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard- 38 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. :ing the positions and j)urposes of the French, Governor Dhiwiddie of Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young •man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then lield considerable interest in Western lauds. He was at this time just twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied l)y four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the M(^ion- gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to XfOgstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol- lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral. Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the 11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Governor Dinwiddle's letter, received his answer, took his ■observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him, iiotwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet they reached home in safety on the 6tli of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington to Governor Dinwiddle, it was learned that the French would not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications, ^nd gathered their forces to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring -colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were •gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39 working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. " The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift river rolled l)y the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet, that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder- ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, ContreccEur, and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men. and tools, marched up the Monongahela." The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapellc, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue: of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New- foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Tha first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the. English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured,, and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing- ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture of the fort arrived^ He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him- self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those 40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle of Monongahela, or '^ Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence- ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre- tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one, under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor- able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor, marched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28tli of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal. The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum- moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 20tli, hearing of the continued defeat of the THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41 French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom, no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while on their journey home. Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Mauraee, thence across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com- mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is, crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon John's Town " on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under the English rule. New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe- trated, and the country would have been spared their recital. The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French, but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent them, and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation. He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies. The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina, were united iu this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly 42 THE NOKTHWEST TERRITOEI. PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 43 upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead. Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares and Mingoes, who had, for the time, '1 aid aside their local quarrels to unita in this enterprise. The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 176?!, Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton. Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit. Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out, however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post. Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764, continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark, which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At the conclusion of the treaty, in which it seems he took no part, he went further south, living many yeass among the Illinois. He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed. Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly have been carried out. It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex- ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief, Pontiac, who, after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said : " Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not 44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves ! These lakes, these woods, these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance, and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains." He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them, no presents sent them, and that he and his people were yet for war. Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no doubt encouraged by the Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going on to occupy it and enjoy its trade and emoluments. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre- vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon- tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and twenty years still later, in 1803, Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to France, and by France sold to the United States. In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecoeur by LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set- tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia, Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St. Louis. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him- self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclaraa.tion of General Gage, dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath- olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45 ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year 17G4, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed- eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon- tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom he afterward lost liis life. As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began rapidly to survey the country and prepare for occupation. During the year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces explored and marked out nearly all tlie valuable lands on the Mononga- hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing- ton was a party. The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts- burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort. Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus- tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages. He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main- tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy reach of Great Britain. The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 17G9 : " In the course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow." In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set- tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they 46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which Avas granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend- ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern- ment toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side of the war for independence. In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth. One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for settlements, and often ca:ne in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and driven across the Ohio. During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseveranceof individuals, several settlements were firmly estab- lished between ths Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the " Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer- chant from the Illinois Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for 87,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com- panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th ot April, 17S0, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the " United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47 strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor- ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders. In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time " Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in- habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con- tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa- tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made : " Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five miles further up the river." St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con- tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to 1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged in the Indian trade. This old .town has a history, which we will here relate. It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width. As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house (near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn, and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, set in the ground, and had four gates — east, west, jaorth and south. Over the first thi-ee of these 48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six- pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten to fifteen feet in width. At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two stories high, suflBcient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story, with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance, called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning between nine and ten o'clock. Each furnished four sentinels, who were relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who pjr- formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset, even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand- ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians. The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present " new " town was laid out. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 4D and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway^ burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state. Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and soucn, ana annihi- late the frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel, afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th, Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Vii"ginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret, the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi- 50 THE NOBTHWEST TERRITOIIY. stou for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required number of men. The settlers in tliese parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements, and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the 24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor- mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants, at the various frontier posts, had been led to believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati- tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency. The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun, and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without the loss of a single man or by killing any of the enemy. After sufficiently working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per- fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab- itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom- panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. ol the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English into the possession^ of Virginia. In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun- daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July, in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville, erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond. In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor, and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of the Old Dominion through their Legislature. In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle- giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton, having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault, dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend- ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort. Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail- ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of tha fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the force in the garrison. Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, 52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and to annoy the Americans in a,ll ways, and sat quietly down to pass the Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi- ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray. On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard, marching through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back- woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind- ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement. During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him, and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con- cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts. Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from the commencement, by the British. " But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed." At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern- ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in- Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde- pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the Ohio frontier. Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders, marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These expeditious were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled to sue for peace. THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53 During this same year (1779) the famous "Land Laws" of Virginia were passed. The passage of these hiws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided three ^thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the 10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the next year (1780) the troubles conjcerning the navigation of the Missis- sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle- ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur- ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth. The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence, and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the satisfaction of both nations. The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the "Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they were compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable manner, they fled the country in great haste. About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con- cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts 54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele- gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for the benefit of the United States. This law was laid before Congress •during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep- tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States •claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body. This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might lave easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished liim. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture 3ind retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun- ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the United States. Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and the Act of Cession, on the part of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements. Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity, ;a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives. For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and 1772 in the history of the Northwest. During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan- dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives, ananv of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 5ly frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers, was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio valleys. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky, in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc- ^?r>^-?> INDIA2vS ATTACKIXG FKONTIEIiSMEN. tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon- querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace waa 56 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on tlie 2d of the next September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ; thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi River; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc- tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by the proper treaty. • To remedy this latter evil. Congress appointed commissioners to treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set- tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however, not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest she had formerly done, withdrew iier troops, having on the 20th of December preceding authorized the whole other possessions to be deeded to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion. To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer- sonville, Indiana. While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit refused to evacuate alleging tliat he had no orders from his King to do so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from tiie journal of Arthur Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in appearance. He says : " Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being l>ought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila- THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57 delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel." Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances, incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year, 1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no entries were recorded until 1787. The Indian title to the Northwest was not j'et extinguished. They held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel their adherence to its provisions, force was used. Daring the year 1786, the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga- tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how- ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con- necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received 750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000 acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the resolutions of 1789 and 1790. 58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. a /. While Di/ Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected. A motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan the prohibition of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered, and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina. ' By this proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states PRESENT SITE OF LAKE STKEET BKIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1S33. by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher- Bonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly- potamia and Pelisipia. There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu- tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 59 square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir- ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 178G, the subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed, and the foundation of the government of the North Avest laid. This com- pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book, and to it the reader is referred. The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves Syrames, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the 23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men, under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January tlie sur- veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart- ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the '^)d of October, had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, and to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur St. Clair' Governor of the Territory of the Northwest. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS. The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com- plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over the AUeghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian juissionaries be regarded as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor. 60 THE NORTHWEST TERRTTORY. Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by Taeing nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed to administer them. Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum. Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu- lated to promote the welfare of such a community." arating into two glacial portions, one moved toward the watershed north of the Ohio River ; and, continuing westerly, it hollowed out the basin of Lake Erie and crushed the apex of the Cincinnati arch. From this point, it turned south- ward and swept with a regular course through the Maumee and Miami Valleys to the Ohio River. The southern border constantly melting, and flowing toward the Gulf of Mexico, the great field was pressed forward by the accumulations of ice in the northern latitudes. Thus for ages, this powerful force was fitting the earth for the habitation of man. The surface was leveled, hug-e rocks broken and reduced to pebbles, sand, clay, etc., other soil and surface-material — while the debris was embedded at the bottom. In some sections, as tlie ice melted and freed the bowlders and rocks, the lighter material was swept away. The glacier moving forward, and the forces proving an " equilibrium," the edge of this ice-field was held in a solid stronghold, and the material thus de- posited forms a ridge, called by geologists "terminal moraine," first exemplified in Ohio by the "Black Swamp," in the Maumee Valley. The most extreme rigor of this period beginning to Avane, the ice of the Maumee and Miami Valleys began to move slowly forward, toward the north, reaching the points now termed Hudson, Mich.; Fort Wayne, Ind., and Kenton, Ohio — reaching somewhat further south than Lima and Van Wert. The edge of the glacier was defined in outline by the present western border of Lake Erie, and parallel Avith it. Climatic influences " acting and counteracting," the glacial force was concentrated, the Maumee Valley being subjected to a grinding proc- ess, and a deposit of material going on, which now forms the boundary of the "Black Swamp." As our readers are aware, the waters of the St. Joseph and St. Mary's meet at Fort Wayne, and their united waters form the Maumee ; thence the turn is northwest, and, wearing an outlet through the ridge, it reaches the head of Lake Erie. The torrid zone yet gaining the ascendency, the ice-fields continuing tlieir reverse motion, and retreating toward the north, the basin of the great lakes was formed ; and the blocks of ice melting therein, a vast sea of fresh water was formed, which gradually overflowed a portion of Canada and MichigaUo But the St. Lawrence, that important outlet, was under the restraint of an ice blockade, and the surplus Avater of the fresh sea Avas turned into the Ohio and and Mississippi. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 95 Later, mountains of ice-float were drifted from the north by winds and cur- rents, into temperate latitudes, and melting, deposited rocks, stones and general debris. Following the iceberg-drift, came the permanent elevation above the ocean- level. The St. Lawrence outlet was formed. The inland sea was assuming its division into lakes. The united Avaters of Erie and Huron flowed throuorh the Wabash Valley and into the Ohio, until, through some agency, that section was dry, and the lakes drained in another direction. The action of the glacial period in the Erie basin vicinity created what is known as the " Niagara lime- stone," by grinding upper strata and drifting the debris elsewhere. This seems to have occurred at intervals, exposures being made in Seneca, Sandusky and Wood Counties, and beneath the axis of the Cincinnati arch. Oriskany lime- stone is also available in another stratum, which has been brought to the surface. Again, there is a carboniferous stratum of limestone, and along the Maumee is a thin exposure of the Hamilton limestone and shale. * A glacier having both fluid and solid properties, it Avill readily be compre- hended that obdurate projections of rock resisted its action, and created currents in other directions, for its forces. When this specified epocli had ceased to be, Ohio was a rough, irregular and crude mixture of ridges and knobs and pinnacles, which were " leveled up " and finished by iceberg-drift and inland-sea deposits. This settled and accumulated, and the work of hundreds of years produced a beautiful surface, its inequalities overcome, the water having receded and " terra firma" remaining. A deep bed of clay, sufficiently compact to hold the germs of organic matter, and sufficiently porous to absorb moisture, was especially adapted to encourage the growth of vegetation. These seeds had been brought by the winds and waves and natural agencies, and now began to produce plants and shrubs, which withered to enrich the soil, after scattering broadcast seeds that would again perpetuate verdure. Worms, land crabs and burrowing ani- mals assisted in the creation of soil, while the buffalo, deer and bear followed, as soon as forestry appeared. Decomposed foliage and fallen timber aided in the great work of preparing the present State of Ohio for the habitation of man. Prairie, marsh, forest, rivers and lakes were formed, which, in turn, were modi- fied and prepared for a grand destiny by other influences. In glancing over the compiled histories of Ohio, those containing details of her early struggles, afliictions and triumphs, we are especially impressed with its near and sympathetic relation with the great Northwest, and the republic of the United States of America. From the early years when white men built their rude cabins in the then tangled wilderness, to the opulent and ma2;nificent present of this united nation, Ohio has been stanch, loyal and earnest, both in action and principle. We shall endeavor to trace the history of the State concisely and accurately, according to the data given by the most reliable historians. We are obliged to glean the prominent events only, our space being limited, compared with the multitudinous interests connected with this important part of the United States. 9(5 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. FRENCH HISTORY. All through early French history, is the fact especially prominent, that in their explorations and expeditions, they united piety and business. They were zealous in sending out their missionaries, but they were always attended by traders and those who were as skilled in the world's profit and loss, as their companions were in propagating Christianity. Prior to the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers upon Plymouth Rock, the Upper Lakes Avere visited by the French, and records prove that during the first half of the seventeenth century, a vagabondish set, working in the interests of the fur company of New France, understood the geographical position of the lakes and their tributary streams. M. Perrot, an intelligent explorer, made overtures of peace to the Indian tribes around these bodies of water, and efiiected a treaty, which, it is claimed, established the right for the French, in the name of their king, to hold the place near St. Mary's Falls. They further assert that the Mississippi was discovered by the French from Lake Superior, but this is not authenticated, and Father Marquette and ]\L Joliet are accepted as the first who found this large stream, in 1763. The good missionary won his way with his patient and sympathetic nature. Ohio was, like the other portions of the West, originally in the possession of aborigines or Lidians. Of their origin, many suppositions are ad\anced, but no certainties sustained. From practical evidences, the jNIound-Builders were active in Ohio, and here as" elsewhere, their work marked retrogression rather than advancement. The territory of Ohio was claimed by the French, and included in that wide tract between the Alleghanies and the Rockies, held by them under the name of Louisiana. Before the year 1750, a French trad- inof-post was established at the mouth of the Wabash, and communication Avas established between that point and the ]Maumee, and Canada. Between the years 1678 and 1682, the intrepid La Salle and Father Hennepin, assisted by Fondi, an Italian, with a small band of followers, inaugurated a series of explorations about the great lakes and the Mississippi, building forts on their way and planting the French priority. In 1680, La Salle erected a stockade at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, which was a general rendezvous for mission- aries, traders and explorers, besides constituting a primitive "stock exchange." The English colonies were at this time east of the Alleghanies, while the French were establishing themselves west of this range, gaining an entrance north and south, the tAvo portions separated by hostile and barbarous foes. La Salle's spirit of adventure led him into new fields, but Father Hennepin Avas detailed to investigate that part of the world noAV known as the State of Ohio. The records assert that he published a volume containing an account of his observations "in the country betAveen New Mexico and the frozen ocean," in 1684, together Avitli ma]is of Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan, and a plat of the larger streams in Ohio. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 97 Apparently, the French more speedily comprehended the value of their advantages in the New World than'the English, and vigorously inaugurated and sustained commercial and religious projects. They were essentially benefited by the mediation of the Catholic priests between settlers and Indians, this really earnest class everywhere ingratiating themselves with the savages. The Order of Jesuits were very vigorous, and representatives were stationed at every trading-post, village and settlement. The English colonists engaged mostly in agriculture, while the French took a lively interest in the fur trade with the natives, probably from their former settlement in Quebec and thereabouts, where the climate is advantageous for this business. This added to the influence of the priests, and the natural assimilation of French and the Indians, through the tact and amiability of the former, the French possessions gained more rapidly than the English or Spanish. They courted their daughters and married them. They engaged in feasts and trades, and took advantage of those unimpeded times to extend their dominion with surprising celerity. A chain of trading, missionary and military posts extended from New Orleans to Quebec, by way of the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, thence via Mackinaw and Detroit to Lakes Erie and Ontario. This route was shortened thereafter by following the Ohio River to the Wabash, folloAving the latter upward, and down the Maumee to Lake Erie. About the same time, and to check the advancement of the French, the Ohio Company was formed by the English. This was an outgrowth of the contest between these two nations for the ascendency, whether empire, settle- ment or individual. After thirty years' peace between these two nations, "King George's War" opened the campaign in 1744, but terminated in 1748, the treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle unfortunately omitting a settlement of any division of claims in America. The English, French and Spanish were the first to enter America, and the right of possession by each monarch or empire Avas held by right of a first discovery. The only right that England could advance regarding Ohio was that the portion of the Six Nations found in the Ohio Valley had placed some of their lands under British jurisdiction, and that other portions had been purchased at Lancaster, Penn., by means of a treaty with the same nations. All this was strenuously denied and ignored by the French. Thus several conflicting influences swept carnage over fair Ohio. The Indians were allied to one side and the other, and were against each other. The Indians and French would advance against the English, and they, in retaliation, would make a raid into the Indian territory and overcome a French settlement. Whenever they could as well, Indians would take the cause in their own keep- ing and fight each other. The wide, verdant fields of Ohio were drenched ghastly red under a glowing sun, and the great forests echoed moans from the dying and distressed. The English colonists had partially overcome their deprivation, caused by a struggle for subsistence, and means to guard against the savages — this distress augmented by campaigns against Canada — by their 98 HISTORY OF THE ST.ITE OF OHIO. increased numbers and wealth, but were now alarmed by the French rule in America, which gained so rapidly, unmolested as it was by Indian raids and other devastating circumstances. A constant conflict was going on between Lake Erie and the U})per Ohio. Atrocities and massacres were committed indiscriminately, which opened the Avay for a desperate class of marauders and villains from the colonies and European States. These people enlisted with the Indians on either side for the purpose of leadership and plunder. Every fortification, trading-post and settlement was garrisoned or deserted, and the ground between the Alleghanies and the Maumee became a conflict field, rife with thrilling deeds, sacrifice and adventures, the half never having been chronicled, and many heroes falling uncrowned by even a lasting memory, since during these times the people kept few annals, and cared less for historical memories than anything on earth. They were living, and dying, and struggling, and that was more than they could carry through safely. The French formed a road from the Ohio River to Detroit, via the foot of the Lower Rapids of the Maumee, and the foot of the Lower Rapids of the Sandusky. The Ohio Com])any obtained a charter under English views, from the British Government, with a grant of 6,000 acres of land on the Ohio. The English now reverted to the times of the Cabots, and protested that by right they held the entire country between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, bounded by those parallels of latitude defining their Atlantic coast settlements. France claimed the region drained by the Mississippi and tributaries, the great lakes and their tributaries, the area being Avest of the Alleghanies. Ohio was thus included in the disputed tract. The Ohio Company was formed in 1748, by a number of Virginians and Londoners, two brothers of George Washington taking conspicuous parts in the movement ; Thomas Lee was especially active. When the surveys were begun, the Governor of Canada entered vigorous protests, and indicated his displeasure by a prompt line of posts from Erie to Pittsburgh, named respectively, Presque Isle, Le Boeuf, Vedango, Kittaning and Du Quesne. The latter was begun by the English, captured by the French, and by them completed. The first English settlement of which we can find traces was a block-house at Piqua, about the year 1752. It was attacked, and a bitter struggle ensued, resulting in the death of fourteen of the assailants. Those within the garrison suffered severely, many being burned, and the remainder captured and dis- patched to Canada. In 1753, the French and Indian war actively began. It did not extend beyond the American continent until 1756, when the home governments took an interest in its progress beyond encouraging their respective colonists to pur- sue the war-path to a direful finale for their adversaries. For four years, the French captured and conquered, spreading terror wherever they went, and they followed every Englishman that set his foot on Ohio soil to the death. We may state that these people had not retained their civilized habits, and HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 99 constant association with savages had embued them with barbarous methods of warfare which were sickening and revolting to the English, and to which they could not resort. It is highly probable that French success was vastly brought about by these means, together with the assistance of their Indian allies. In 1758, when the English hope was almost exterminated, the elder Pitt being placed at the head of the administration, a new and .energetic system was inaugurated, wise measures instituted, and military science triumphed over savage cunning and French intrigue. The first brilliant English achievement was the conquest of Canada. When the home governments interfered, the war assumed the character of a French and English conflict, regardless of Indian right, yet the tribes continued to participate in the carnage. A certain Christian, Frederick Post, a Moravian missionary, located upon the Muskingum, near Beavertown. Heckewelder consented to become his associate. The Indians receiving them kindly, under conditions that Post should serve as tutor, this missionary began clearing a field for the purpose of planting corn for sustenance. This did not accord with Indian logic. They had stipulated that he teach and he Avas planting corn, Avhich to them was a signal of the coming of other whites, the building of a fort and encroachments upon the Indians. They referred to the French priests, who were in good physical condition, did not till land, but were in charge of the Great Spirit who provided for them, a conclusive proof to them that when divine work was acceptable to the Great Spirit, priests were somehow sustained by other than the plans which disturbed their great hunting-grounds. However, they allowed him a small space, and he remained with them, preaching and teaching during the summer of 1762, when, accompanied by one of the principal chiefs, he returned to Lancaster, Penn., where a treaty was concluded. On his return to his post, he was met by Heckewelder, who imparted the tidings that friendly Indians had warned him that the war was about to sweep over their section, and destruction awaited them if they remained. The mission was accordingly abandoned. This failure was not so bitter as the English effort to sustain their trading-post in 1749, on the Great Miami, afterward called Laramie's store. It pursued a feeble existence until 1752, when a French raid upon the Twig- twees and English colonists proved fatal. A European treaty now excluded the French from any rights to make treaties with the Indians, and the English, in their flush of victory after Pitt's succession, assumed the authority over Indians and lands. The savages did not accept the situation with anything resembling the gentle spirit of resigna- tion, and the Ottawa chief, Pontiac, led the several tribes into a general war against the intruders. It was no longer French and English, but Indian and English, the former being instigated and assisted many times by the French, now desperate and unscrupulous in a mad spirit for revenge. The intention of the Indians was to drive the whites east of the mountains, destroying their numerous strongholds in Pennsylvania and Virginia, if they 100 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. failed in their hope of utterly exterminating them, Pontiac had effected a consolidation of the tribes ranging from Mackinaw to North Carolina, thus being enabled to . swoop down upon all the settlements simultaneously. A deadly beginning was made in the Ohio Valley, and only two or three English traders escaped out of the one hundred and twenty located in that vicinity. The forts at Presque Isle, St. Joseph and Mackinaw, were captured amid scenes of slaughter too terrible to perpetuate in description. The years 1763 and 1764 were literally drenched in human carnage and anguish. Ohio was a great field of crime, murder, pain and horror. The expeditions of Bradstreet and Bouquet crushed the war in 1764, and Pontiac with his Ottawas removed to the Maumee and settled. English settlement now progressed with great rapidity, but this was destined to be disturbed in 1774, by the action of Lord Dunmore, who led an expedition against the tribes of the Ohio country, termi- nated by his treaty on the Scioto plains. At this period, the colonists were not in strict harmony with England, and the spirit of revolution was spreading every day. When Lord Dunmore made his treaty, the affirmation was made and gained ground that he, being a thorough loyalist, had compromised under such terms as held the Indians British allies against the settlers. Directly following this treaty, was the deliberate murder of a number of Indians, near Wheeling, including the family of the great chief, Logan — which inaugurated retaliating atrocities. In the year 1781, April 16, the first white child was born within the pres- ent limits of Ohio, and was christened Mary Heckewelder, daughter of a Mora- vian missionary. All the settlers of these Moravian towns on the Muskingum were made prisoners in September of the same year. Heckwelder . was trans- ported to Detroit, but English tyrann}^ failed to find any evidence against him or his colaborers, and they were reluctantly released, and returned to their fam- ilies in Sandusky. Poverty added to their sufferings, and in the forlorn hope of finding a remnant of their property at the old settlements, which might assist in mitigating their necessities, they Avearily went thitherward. They began gathering their grain, but the Wyandots attacked them, and many lives were lost. Frontiersmen had also grown jealous of them, and a body of about ninety marched out together, for the fiendish purpose of pillaging, slaughtering and laying waste all Moravian toAvns and posts. With the wily insidiousness of savages, they went about their diabolical plan. The Moravians were cordial and bade this band welcome, when they reached their towns in the guise of friend- ship. Williamson, the leader, and the gleaners, were called from the fields, when, to the dismay of these trusting and frank people, they were all bound, and only fifteen out of the marauding band of ninety were in favor of even sparing the lives of these hapless men, Avomen and children. Forty men, twenty-tAvo women and thirty-four children were then cruelly and heartlessly murdered, their sufferings laughed to scorn, and the last sound that fell on their HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 101 ears was exultant derision. It would seem that whatever the Indians left un- done, in the way of horror, in the State of Ohio, the whites improved upon, and blackened the pages of American history with deeds of blood. Succeeding this barbarity, was the expedition against Moravian Indian towns, upon the San- dusky. Not an Indian, whether an enemy or friend, old or young, male or female, was to escape the assault, including an extermination of the Moravian element. Col. William Crawford led the exjiedition, which counted 500 men, in their dastardly work. Warning had in some manner reached the towns, and the troops found them deserted. But the Indians were incensed, and their wrath had not driven them to hiding-places, but to a preparation to meet their foes. They fought desperately, and Crawford's troops were defeated and scattered, many being captured, and among them, Col. Crawford himself. It is hardly probable that Crawford could justly expect much mercy at the hands of his captors. Ilis battle-cry had been "no quarter," and yet he evi- dently hoped for some consideration, as he requested an interview with Simon Girty, who lived with and influenced the Indians. Accounts state that Craw- ford implored the aid of Girty, and at last secured a promise to use his power to obtain the Colonel's pardon. However, this was of no avail, and it is doubt- ful whether Girty was disposed to intercede. The prisoners were tortured and put to death, and Crawford's agonies were protracted as long as possible. Dr. Knight managed to disable the Indian who had him in charge, and made his escape to the settlements, where he related the result of the expedition and the tortures of the captured. On October 27, 1784, a treaty was concluded, at Fort Stanwix, with the sachems and warriors of the Mohawks, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, Onei- das and Tuscarawas, and the Six Nations then ceded to the Colonial Govei-n- ment all claims to the country west of a line defined by the western boundary to the Ohio — thus rendering the Indian claim to a large portion of Ohio lands practically extinct. Although the French and Indian war was a series of heart-rending events, it was a serious and remarkable school of discipline for the untrained troops which soon engaged in the Revolutionary struggle. On the fields of Ohio, many valuable officers, who earned distinction in the war of independence, learned their first lessons in intrepid valor. During the Revolution, the colonial troops Avere engaged east of the moun- tains, and western settlements and frontier people were left alone to defend them- selves and their property against encroachments and attacks. The Indian tribes again became belligerent, and united with the English against the "Americans." The latter held a line of posts along the Upper Ohio, while the British were stationed in the old French strongholds on the lakes and the Mississippi. The unscrupulous whites and Indians ranged at ran- dom between this boundary and the Cuyahoga, thence southerly to the Ohio, 102 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. thus including the Scioto and INIiami Valleys. Southeastern Ohio constituted *' the neutral ground." Gen. Clarke's expedition, although chiefly confined to Indiana and Illinois, greatly influenced the settlement of Ohio. His exploits and the resolution of his troops were chiefly instrumental in holding the country "vvest of the Alle- ghanies, and insuring its possession hy the United States during the Revolution. The British had been emphatic, in the Paris treaty, at the time of the settlement of the French and English difiiculties, in demanding the Ohio lliver as the northern boundary of the United States. The American Commissioners relied upon Gen. Clarke's valor and energy in holding the country "west of the Alle- ghanies, which he had conquered, and the British Commissioners were compelled to give their consent, under civil and military measures. In 1783, by the treaty of Paris, at the close of the Revolutionary war, the English relinquished all rights to the fertile territory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi, and the United States held undisputed possession. January 10, 1786, Gens. Rufus Putnam and Benjamin Tupper circulated a pamphlet, proposing the formation of a company for the purpose of settling the Ohio lands, and soliciting the attention and consideration of all those desiring a future home and prosperity. A meeting was also called, to assemble during the following February, and select delegates to represent each county in Massachu- setts. These dignitaries should convene during the month of March, at the "Bunch of Grapes " tavern, in Boston, for the purpose of definitely forming the association, and adopting such measures as Avould benefit all directly interested. The meeting and " convention " followed, and the subscription books were opened. One million dollars, chiefly represented by Continental certificates, was the price of the land. The shares were valued at $1,000 each, and there was a division of a thousand shares. The first payment was to be $10 per share, this money to be set aside for such expenses as might accrue. A year's interest was to be devoted to the establishment of the settlement, and those families who were unable to incur the expense of moving were to be assisted. Those Avho purchased shares to the number of tAventy were entitled to a representation by an agent, who Avas permitted to vote for Directors. This plan matured and Avas acted upon during the folloAving year. It may be that the action of Connecti- cut, in ceding her territorial claims to the General Government, Avith few excep- tions, greatly encouraged this ncAV undertaking. That tract Avas, until recently, desiffnated the " Western Reserve " — an extent 170 miles from the western boundary of Pennsylvania, and parallel thereto, being reserved. On October 27, 1787, a contract Avas made betAveen the Board of the Treas- ury, for the United States, and Manasseh Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, agents for the Directors of the Ncav England Ohio Company, for the purchase of a tract of land, bounded by the Ohio, and from the mouth of the Scioto to the inter- section of the Avestern boundary of the seventh townships, then surveying ; thence by said boundary to the northern boundary of the tenth toAvnship from HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 103 the Ohio ; thence, by a due west line, to the Scioto ; thence, by the Scioto, to the befTinninf:^. However fertile and attractive Ohio Avas known to have been, settlement did not gain rapidly after the close of the war with England, although the United States has gained her freedom. It was more than six years after Cornwallis. laid down his sword, before a white settlement Avas formed on the Ohio side of the river. The French and Indian war had incited the English to be jealous of her colonial conquests, and mistrusting their loyalty, they had, so soon as the French claims were annulled, taken measures to crush all colonial claims also, and a royal proclamation rescinded all colonial land grants and charters, holding all the country west of the sources of the Atlantic rivers under the protection and sovereignty of t!:e king of Great Britain, for the use of the Indians. All white persons were forbidden to remain or settle within the prescribed limits. Parlia- ment then attached this tract to Quebec, and the English Government felt assured that the thirteen colonies were restricted and held secure east of the Alleghanies. The result of the war between the colonies and England did not constitute an Indian treaty. Although England signed over her title and right, the sava- ges held the land and ignored all white agreements, one way or the other. Whenever an attempt at settlement was undertaken, Indian depredations proved disastrous. The tribes were encouraged by the English fur traders, and the English commandant at Detroit incited them to destroy all Americans who attempted to usurp the rights of red men. Added to this serious difficulty was the unsettled debate regarding State claims, which rendered a title precarious. A treaty, signed at Fort Mcintosh, previous to the war, and authenticated, shows that during the conflict the Dela- wares and Wyandots occupied the Indian and British frontier, on the southern shore of Lake Erie, from the Cuyahoga to the Maumee, and from the lake to the sources of its tributaries. Later, these two tribes ceded to the United States "the neutral ground," by warranty deed, and by quit-claim, the terri- tory south and west of the described tract, set apart for their use. By special measures, the grant of Congress in the matter of the Ohio Com- pany extended to nearly 5,000,000 acres, valued at ^3,500,000. The original Ohio Company obtained 1,500,000 acres, the remaining being reserved by indi- viduals, for private speculation. The same year. Congress appointed Arthur St. Clair, Governor, and Win- throp Sargent, Secretary, of the Territory. Fort Harmar had previously been builtj at the mouth of the Muskingum, and in 1788, a New England colony attempted the "Muskingum settlement," on the opposite side, which was afterward named iHfane^^a. In July, 1788, the Territorial officers were received in this village, and there established the first form of civil government, as set forth in the Ordinance of 1787. Three United States Judges were appointed, and Courts of Common Pleas, Probate and Justice were establisJied. 104 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. If the stormy times were supposed to be of the past, that composure was rudely broken by the utter disregard of the Shawnee and other Indian tribes, who soon induced the Delawares and Wyandots to repudiate their consent in the matter of settlement. The miseries of frontier horrors were repeated. The British commandant at Detroit instigated many of these hostilities, yet the American Government took honorable action in assuring the English represent- ative that American military preparations in the West was not an expedition against Detroit, or other British possessions, although the possession of Detroit by that nation was in direct opposition to the treaty of 1783. Gov. St. Clair, to avert the direful consequences of a border war, dispatched a Frenchman, Gameline, to the principal Indian towns of the Wabash and Mauniee countries, to request them to meet the United States agents, and make a compromise for the benefit of both parties, at the same time reiterating the desire of the General Government to adhere to the Fort Ilarmar treaty. The Miamis, Shawnees, Ottawas, Kickapoos and DelaAvares received this representative kindly, but declined the wampum sent by the Governor, and deferred giving an answer until they had considered the subject with the " father at Detroit.'" Blue Jacket, chief of the Shawnees, informed the Frenchman that the Indi- ans doubted the sincerity of the Americans. The new settlement on the Ohio was a proof that the whites intended to crowd further and further, until the Indians were again and again robbed of their just right. Tie then emphatically asserted that unless the north side of the river was kept free from these inroads there could be no terms of peace with the Shawnees, and many other tribes. Blue Jacket was unusually intelligent and sagacious, and expressed himself eloquently. He was persistent in his determination to engage in the war of extermination, should the white settlements continue north of the Ohio. These overtures were continued, but they failed in producing any arrange- ment that permitted the whites to locate north of the Ohio. Congress called upon Kentucky and Pennsylvania to lend the aid of their militia. Gen. Ilarmar was instructed to destroy the Miami villages at the head of the Maumee. Late in the fall of 1790, he executed this order. The Indians had stored a large quantity of provisions, in expectation of a campaign, and this dependence was devastated. Without authority, and with undue carelessness, he divided his army and attempted to achieve other victo- ries. He more than lost what he had gained. Two raids upon the Wabash In- dians, thereafter, proved successful, but the campaign under Gov. St. Clair was not calculated to establish peace or obtain power, and was deemed but little less than a failure. The year 1792 was a series of skiraiishes, so far as a settlement was con- cerned, but 1793 succeeded well enough to convene a meeting of United States Commissioners and representatives of the hostile tribes, at the rapids of the Maumee. It is highly probable that a satisfactory treaty might have been arrano;ed, had it not been for the intervention and malicious influence of the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 105 British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Col. McKee, his assistant Capt. Elliott, and the notorious Capt. Simon Girty, who instigated the savages to deeds more horrible than their own barbarisms. It was evident that a severe struggle must ensue, and Capt, Wayne, in 1792, appointed to the command of the Western army, was called upon to con- duct the campaign. He exhibited his wisdom in the beginning, by preparing his men in military discipline and fully equipping them before marching to meet a savage foe in a wilderness. Various causes detained the army, and it was not until the fall of 1793, that the force marched from Fort Washington (Cincin- nati) to begin the battle. It was already late in the season, and, before any progress had been made, the army went into winter quarters at Greenville, on a branch of the Big Miami. In the mean time, the Ohio Company had not matured its practical "settle- ment plan," although a generous grant had been obtained. In 1792, they received a clear title to 750,000 acres of land, for which the full price had pre- viously been paid, in Continental currency. Congress set aside 214,285 acres as army bounties, and 100,000 acres to actual settlers. The two latter appro- priations joined that of the Ohio Company. There had been numerous conventions, discussions and other fruitless attempts to somehow form a plan for the government of the Northwest Terri- tory, but it was not until July 13, 1787, that an ordinance was passed, and that was the result of Dr. Cutler's efforts. Every State sustained its measures. This ordinance was the foundation of the constitution of the future State of Ohio, and indeed, permeates the entire Northwestern creed. ORDINANCE OF 1787.— No. 32. An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, Northwest of THE Ohio River. Be it ordained by the United States in Congress assembled, That the said Territory, for the pur- pose of government, be one district; subject, however, to be divided into two districts, as future cir- cumstances may, in the opinion of Congress, malce it expedient. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the estates of both resident and non-resident proprietors in the said Territory, dying intestate, shall descend to and be distributed among their children and the descendants of a deceased child, in equal parts; the descendants of a deceased child or grandchild to take the share of their deceased parent in equal parts among them. And when there shall be no children or descendants, then in equal parts to the next of kin in equal degree ; and among collaterals, the children of a deceased brother or sister of the intestate shall have, in equal parts among them, their deceased parent's share; and there shall in no case be a distribution between kindred of the whole and half blood, saving in all cases to the widow of intestate, her third part of the real estate, for life, and one-third part of the personal estate; and this law relative to descents and dower, shall remain in full force until altered by the Legis- lature of the district. And until the Governor and Judges shall adopt laws as hereinafter mentioned, estates in said Territory may be devised or bequeathed by wills in writing, signed and sealed by him or her in whom the estate may be (being of full age), and attested by three witnesses; and real estate may be conveyed by lease and release, or bargain and sale, signed and sealed, and delivered by the person (being in full age) in whom the estate may be, and attested 106 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. by two witnesses, provided such wills be duly proved, ami such conveyances be acknowledged, or the execution thereof duly proved and be recorded within one year after proper magistrates, courts and registers shall be appointed for that purpose. And personal property may be trans- ferred by delivery, saving, however, to the French and Canadian inhabitants and other settlers of the Kaskaskias, St. Vincent's and the neighboring villages, who have heretofore professed them- selves citizens of Virginia, their laws and customs now in force among them, relative to the descent and conveyance of property. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That there shall be appointed from time to time, by Congress, a Governor whose commission shall continue in force for a term of three years, unless sooner revoked by Congress. He shall reside in the district and have a freehold estate therein, of a thousand acres of land while in the exercise of his office. There shall be appointed from time to time by Congress, a Secretary whose commission shall continue in force for two years, unless sooner revoked. He shall reside in the district, and shall have a freehold estate therein in 500 acres of land, while in the exercise of his office. It shall be his duty to keep and preserve the acts and laws passed by the Legislature, and the public records of the disti'ict, and the proceedings of the Governor in his executive department, and transmit authentic copies of such acts and proceedings every six months, to the Secretary of Congress. There shall also be appointed a court to consist of three Judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall have a common law jurisdiction and shall reside in the district and have each therein a freehold estate in 500 acres of land, while in the exercise of their office, and their commissions shall continue in force during good behavior. The Governor and Judges, or a majority of them, shall adopt and publish in the district such laws of the original States, criminal and civil, as may be necessary and best suited to the circumstances of the district, and report them to Congress from time to time, which laws shall be in force in the district until the organization of the General Assembly therein, unless disapproved, by Congress. But afterward, the Legislature shall have authority to alter them, as they shall think fit. The Governor, for the time being, shall be commander-in-chief of the militia, appoint and commission all officers in the same, below the rank of general officers. All general officers shall be appointed and commissioned by Congress. Previous to the organization of the General Assembly, the Governor shall appoint such mag- istrates and other civil officers in each county or township, as he shall find necessary for the preservation of the peace and good order in the same. After the General Assembly shall be organized, the powers and duties of magistrates and other civil officers shall be regulated and defined by the said Assembly, but all magistrates and other civil officers not herein otherwise directed, shall, during the continuance of this temporary government, be appointed by the Governor. For the prevention of crimes and injuries, the laws to be adopted or made shall have force in all parts of the district, and for the execution of process, criminal or civil, the Governor shall make proper divisions thereof, and he shall proceed from time to time as circumstances may require, to lay out the parts of the district in which the Indian titles shall have been extin- guished, into counties and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as may thereafter be made by the Legislature. So soon as there shall be 5,000 free male inhabitants of full age in the district, upon giving proof thereof to the Governor, they shall receive authority with time and place, to elect representatives from their counties or townships, to represent them in tlie General Assembly. Provided, That for every 500 free male inhabitanls, there shall be one representative, and so on progressively with the number of free male inhabitants, shall the right of representa- tion increase, until the number of representatives shall amount to twenty-five. After which, the number shall be regulated by the Legislature. Provided, That no person be eligible or qualified to act as a representative unless he shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three years, and be a resident in the district, or unless he shall have resided in the district three years, and in either case, shall likewise hold in his own right in fee simple 200 acres of land within the same. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 107 Provided, Also, that a freeholil in 50 acres of land in the district, having been a citizen of one of the States, and being a resident in the district, or the like freehold and two years' resi- dence in the district, shall be necessary to qualify a man as an elector of a representative. The representatives thus elected, shall serve for the term of two years. And in case of the death of a representative or removal from office, the Governor shall issue a writ to the county or township for which he was a member, to elect another in his stead, to serve for the residue of the term. The General Assembly or Legislature shall consist of the Governor, Legislative Council, and a House of Representatives. The Legislative Council shall consist of five members, to continue in office five years, unless sooner removed by Congress ; any three of whom to be a quorum. And the members of the Council shall be nominated and .appointed in the following manner, to wit : As soon as representatives shall be elected, the Governor shall appoint a time and place for them to meet together, and when met, they shall nominate ten persons, residents in the district, and each person in a freehold in 500 acres of land, and return their names to Congress, five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission as aforesaid. And whenever a vacancy shall hap- pen in the Council by death or removal from office, the House of Representatives shall nominate two persons, qualified as aforesaid, for each vacancy, and return their names to Congress, one of whom Congress shall appoint and commission for the residue of the term. And every five years, four months at least before the expiration of the time of service of the members of the Council, the said House shall nominate ten persons qualified as aforesaid, and return their names to Congress, five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission to serve as members of the Council five years, unless sooner removed. And the Governor, Legislative Council and House of Representatives shall have authority to make laws in all cases, for the good government of the district, not repugnant to the principles and articles in this Ordinance, established and declared. And all bills having passed by a majority in the House, and by a majority in the Council, shall be referred to the Governor for his assent. But no bill or legislative act whatever, shall be of any force without his assent. The Governor shall have power to convene, prorogue and dis- solve the General Assembly, when in his opinion it shall be expedient. The Governor, Judges, Legislative Council, Secretary, and such other officers as Congress shall appoint in the district, shall take an oath or affirmation of fidelity and of office. The Gov- ernor before the President of Congress, and all other officers before the Governor. As soon as a Legislature shall be formed in the district, the Council and House assembled in one room, shall have authority by joint ballot to elect a delegate to Congress, who shall have a seat in Congress, with a right of debating, but not of voting, during this temporary gov- ernment. And for extending the fundamental principles of civil and religious liberty, which forms the basis whereon these republics, their laws and constitutions, are created ; to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all laws, constitutions and governments, which forever hereafter shall be formed in said Territory. To provide for the establishment of States, and permanent governments therein, and for their admission to a share in the Federal Council on an equal footing with the oi-iginal States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the general interest. It is hereby ordained and declared hy the authority aforesaid, That the following articles shall be considered as articles of compact between the original States and the people, and States in said Territory, and forever remain unaltered unless by common consent, to wit: Article II. The inhabitants of said Territory shall always be entitled to the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury ; of a proportionate representation of the people in the Legislature, and of judicial procedure according to the course of common law. All per- sons shall be bailable, except for capital ofi'enses, where the proof shall be evident or the pre- sumption great. All fines shall be moderate, and no cruel or unreasonable punishment shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of his liberty or property,, but by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land. And should the public exigencies make it necessary for the common preservation, to take any person's property, or to demand his particular services, full compensation 108 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. shall be made for the same. And in the just preservation of rights and property, it is under- stood and declared that no law aught ever to be made or have force in the said Territory, that shall in any manner whatever interfere with or effect private contracts or engagements bona fide and without fraud, previously formed. Art. III. Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed toward the Indians: their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and in their property, rights and liberty they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress. But laws founded in justice and humanity, shall from time to time be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for preserving peace and friendship with them. Art. IV. The said Territory and the States which may be formed therein, shall ever remain a part of the confederacy of the United States of America, subject to the articles of confedera- tion, and to such alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made, and to all the acts and ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in said Territory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debts contracted or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the expenses of the Government, to be apportioned on them by Congress, according to the same common rule and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on the other States, and the taxes for paying their proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and directions of the Legislature of the district or districts or new States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. The Legisla- tures of those districts or new States, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States in Congress assembled, nor with any regulations Congress may find neces- sary for securing the title in such soil to the bona-fide purchasers. No tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States, and in no case, shall non-residents be taxed higher than residents. The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St Lawrence, and the carry- ing places between the same, shall be common highways, and forever free as well to the inhabi- tants of the said Territory as to the citizens of the United States and those of any other States that may be admitted into the confederacy, without any tax, impost or duty therefor. Art. V. There shall be formed in said Territory not less than three, nor more than five. States, and the boundaries of the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of cession and consent to the same, shall become fixed and established as follows, to wit : The western State in the said Territory shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the Ohio, the Wabash Rivers ; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post St. Vincent, due north to the Territorial line between the United States and Canada ; and by the said Territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Missis- sippi. The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post St. Vin- cent to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said Territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania and said territorial line. Provided, however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of those three States shall be subject so far to be altered, that, if Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two States in that part of the said Territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said States shall have 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted by its delegates into the Congress of the United States on an equal footing with the original States in all respects what- ever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government. Provided, The constitution and government so to be formed, shall be represented, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; and so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants than 60,000. Art. VI. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said Territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Provided ahvaya, That any person escaping into the same from whom labor or service is lawfully HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 100 claimed in one of the original States, each fugitive may be lawfullj' claimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or services as aforesaid. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the resolutions of the 23d of April, 1784. relative to the subject of this ordinance, be and the same are hereby repealed and declared null and void. The passage of this ordinance, since known as the " Ordinance of 1787,"' was immediately followed by an application to the Government, by John Cleves Symmes, of New Jersey, in behalf of the country, between the Miamis, and a contract was concluded the following year. The Ohio Company were exceed- ingly energetic in inaugurating settlements. Gen. Putman, with a party of forty-seven men, set out on an exploring expedition, accompanied by six boat builders. On the 1st of January, 1788, twenty-six surveyors followed, from Hartford, Conn. They arrived in Ohio on the 7th of April, 1788, and their active energy founded the permanent beginning of this great Western State- When Ave review the dangerous experiments that have been made, in this land west of the AUeghanies, the horrors which had overwhelmed every attempt, we can faintly realize the stalwart courage that sent these men on their way, and sustained them in their pioneer hardships. With characteristic vigor, they began their little town. Enthusiastic and happy, they did not rest from their toilsome march over the old Indian roads, but kept busily at work to estab- lish an oasis in this wide expanse of wilderness, before they should take nec- essary ease to recuperate their strength. The wise men , met on the 2d of May, and the little town Avas named Marietta. Situated as it Avas, in the midst of danger, they had used precaution to build and equip a fortified square, which was designated Campus Marti us ; Square No. 19 was Capitolium, and Square No. 61 was Cecelia, and the main street was Sacra Via. Marietta was especially fortunate in her actual "first families." Ten of the forty-eight men had received a thorough college education ; the remaining were individuals of sterling merit, honorable, and several had already attained reputations for superior excellence of abilities. Patriotic and brave, the settlement certainly possessed a foundation that promised well for the future. The folloAving 4th of July Avas an auspicious event, and the Hon. James M. Varnum was the eloquent orator of the occason. The opening of the court, on the 2d of September, was a solemn ceremonial, the High Sheriff leading Avith drawn sword, folloAved by citizens, with an escort of officers from Fort Harmar, the members of the bar, the Governor and Clergy- men, the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas — Gen. Rufus Putman and Benjamin Tupper — all these constituted an imposing spectacle, as they pro- gressed over a path Avhich had been cut through the forest to Campus Martius Hall, the edifice of hiAV and order. The Judges took their seats, a prayer was offered by the Rev. Dr. Cutler, and immediately the Sheriff, Col. Ebenezer Sprout, proclaimed the response, and the court of impartial justice Avas convened. 110 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. This ceremonial was, perhaps, made all the more impressive by the presence of several powerful Indian chiefs, who had journeyed to Marietta for the pur- pose of making a treaty. The settlement now increased rapidly, new cabins were erected constantly. On the 17th of December, a society event occurred, in the form of a grand ball, fifteen ladies being present. John Cleves Symmes had contracted for 2,000,000 acres of land, arid suc- ceeded in obtaining his grant, but circumstances prevented him from meeting his part of the obligations, and the specification was reduced to 1,000,000. After vain attempt to make his payments, a settlement was finally efiected for 248,540 acres, and Symmes was prepared to dispose of clear titles to new-com- ers. In 1788, a town Avas established within the boundaries of his grant, at the mouth of the little Miami, known as Columbia, and in the early part of 1787 another was formed opposite the mouth of the Licking River, by name Losanti- ville, analyzed by a frontier scholar — ville^ the town ; anti^ opposite to ; os, the mouth of; i, Licking. Judge Symmes had projected building his main town at North Bend. This plan was frustrated by reason of Ensign Luce — who had been commissioned by Gen. Ilarmar to erect a fort — deciding that North Bend was not suitable for the purpose. He selected Losantiville for the purpose, and Fort Washington was the result. In 1790, Gov. St. Clair Avas called to inspect the settlement, and proceeded to organize Hamilton County, at the same time calling the town Cincinnati. It will be remembered that Connecticut ceded most of her western lands to General Government, retaining, however, a minor portion. As the settlements began to increase on the ''Virginia Reserve" and between the Scioto and Miami Rivers, all those holding claims were not disposed to part with them, while others Avere anxious to secure grants for the purpose of speculation, rather than the advancement of civilization. The Scioto Company was a questionable ad- herent of the Ohio Company, and began operations, which resulted Avell, Avhat- ever their purpose may have been. Gen. Putnam cleared the land and directed the buildino; of 100 dwellings and six block-houses. During 1791, the colony arrived, consisting of 500 persons. Only ten of these were tillers of the soil. Viscount Malartie ventured into the wilderness, but instead of settling, joined Gen. St. Clair's army, and was ulti- mately his aid-de-camp. Indian conquests were not to his taste, and he soon returned to France. This new colony Avas essentially Frencli, and its location Avas Gallia County. Tlie name " Gallipolis " Avas selected. These settlers, being unaccustomed to severe toil, and disinclined to learn its hard lesson, soon became demoralized, through deprivation and absolute want. Congress came to their aid Avith a land grant of 24,000 acres, but feAv of them cared to enter claims, and soon all traces of the old toAvn were lost, and its inhabitants scattered. HISTORY OF THK STATE OF OHIO. Ill Gen. St. Clair having become unpopular, through repeated failures in Indian campaigns, and Gen. Anthony Wayne having wintered at Fort Washington, the spring of 1793 was opened by a march of the army, well disciplined and led by "Mad Anthony," on a campaign that must crush the rapidly increasing depredations of the Indians, notwithstanding which these new settlements had been made. All winter. Gen. Wayne had dispatched scouts, spies and hardy frontiersmen on errands of discovery, and his plans were, therefiDre, practically matured. His army cut its way through the forests, gathering horses, provis- ions, etc., as they marched, and finally came nearly up to the enemy before dis- covery. They again returned to Fort Washington, as the Commander-in-Chief, under the order of the Executive, had proclaimed inaction until the Northern or British Commissioners and Indians should convene and discuss the situation and prospects. Gen. Wayne, meantime, drilled his men at " Hobson's Choice," a place near Fort Washington. The Commissioners came from Detroit, and assembled at Capt. Matthew Elliot's house, at the mouth of the Detroit River. I A meeting was called at Sandusky, and twenty Indian representatives were present, to argue the grounds of a treaty. Simon Girty acted as interpreter, and has been vehemently accused of unfaithfulness in this trust, since he did not advocate the adjustment of matters on any grounds. The Indians reiterated their rights and wrongs, and offered to receive the half of the purchase money, provided the actual settlers would accept it as the price of the land, move away, and leave the original owners the proud possessors of their lands. The Govern- ment would then expend less money than they would have done in a full Indian purchase, or a long and cruel war. This being out of the question and rejected, a decided specification was made that the Ohio boundary was to be obliterated, and a new one adopted, that encompassed a mere fraction of territory. This was also rejected. The Indians indignantly bade the Americans to go back to their father, and they would return to their tribes. The council was terminated in confusion. It is highly probable that some settlement might have been made, had it not been for English influence which instigated the savages, in the hope of ultimately making conquests for them- selves. The commander at Detroit evinced great uneasiness whenever there was a shadow of an opportunity for a peaceful understanding. On Christmas Day, 1793, a detachment of the army encamped on the identical ground made memorable by St. Clair's horrible defeat. A reward was off'ered for every human skull that was found, and 600 were gathered. The bones of the victims were removed from the spot where they built Fort Recovery. This point was left in charge of Alexander Gibson. Early in the year 1794, Lord Dorchester addressed the Commissioners in behalf of the English. Even at this time, Gen. Wayne, to avoid the terrors of a great war, again made overtures of peace, dispatching Freeman, Trueman and Hardin, all initiated in savage tactics, on errands of mercy — and the three men 112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. we^'e inhumanly murdered. The English went so far as to order Gov. Simcoe to erect a fort, in April, 1794, on the Rapids of the Maumee, thus rousing the Indians by a bold proof that they had espoused their cause. In May, the Spanish, who Avere ever jealous of colonial encroachments, were willing to aid in a general raid against the Americans. In June, a scouting party from Fort Recovery, fell into an Indian ambush and suffered severely, their foes following them to the very entrance. The siege continued for two days. It was plainly evident that white men augmented the Indian force ; ounce balls and buck-shot surely came from their rifles. Again, the Indians immediately began a search beneath the logs where pieces of artillery were hidden during the great battle of St Clair, but fortunately, Fort Recovery had the use of them and they accomplished much. On July 26, Scott joined Wayne at Greenville, with 1,600 mounted Kentuckians, and on the 28th, the legion took up its line of deadly march. Halting at Girty's Town, they built Fort Mary's, later on Fort Adams. Throw- ing the enemy off their guard by feints and counter-marching, the troops surprised the Indians, and without the slightest resistance took possession of their villages at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee. They found provision in abundance, and tarried a week building Fort Defiance. Again Gen. Wayne would have made terms of peace, on the principle of the Government to arrest bloodshed, but the Indians were rendered cruelly intent on war by an addition of a body of British militia from Detroit, and by regulars stationed at a fort they had built on the left bank of the river, below the rapids, called Fort Miami. The "Fallen Timber" ground was selected as the field for a battle by the savages, in the expectation that the trees cast down by a tornado and there remaining, would seriously impede American progress. August 15th, Wayne marched down the river, and at Roche de Boeuf, erected a fortification for their stores and luggage, naming it " Fort Deposit." On the 20th, the American army began the attack. Maj. Price and Maj. Gen. Scott were heroic in their assistance, and after a sharp, deadly conflict, the enemy was routed, fleeing in confusion, and leaving their dead and wounded strewn thickly over the field. The savages were pressed to the front always, and when the carnage was painful, the British troops not engaged looked on coolly from the fort and offered no assistance, aiding their own, however, when possible. Gen. Wayne being an ardent soldier, was apt to forget his position, and impetuously place himself constantly in danger. Lieut. Harrison is reported to have recpiested the General not to forget to give him field orders, in his own partici- pation in the battle, and to have received the reply that the standing order ivas ahvays to charge haijonets. Notwithstanding the treaty of 1783, and the fact that the British were tres- passing, they encroached upon the Ohio soil, and essayed to vindicate their action by discarding American claims and recognizing the Indian rights, whereby they might seek their own colonization and make treaties. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 11?: Maj. Campbell was in command at Fort Miami, and wlien he saw the sava- ges being cut down almost mercilessly, he not only refrained from offering aid, but when, in their desperate retreat, they attempted to enter the fort for pro- tection, he ordered the doors closed in their faces. On the following day, Campbell sent a message to Wayne, demanding a reason for hostile action, adding that Great Britain was not now at war with the United States. He received a characteristic reply. During the Revolution, Detroit was an important British point, and the Maumee was its outlet. Therefore, the English clung tenaciously to this pos- session, giving, as it did, the advantage of the great fur trade. The English Government evidently regretted ceding so much of her territory in the West, and were searching for an excuse to quarrel and attempt to regain at least a part of what they had lost. Their policy was to sustain the bitter hatred between the Indians and the Americans. The settlement of the ^Nlaumee Valley had been rapid, but the very name was an agony of remembrance of frightful massacres and atrocities. Col. McKee, the British Indian agent, and his assistant, Capt. Elliott, were from Pennsylvania, but being Tories, they had assimilated Avith the Indians. They joined the Shawnee tribe and married Indian wives, and made their fortunes thereby, through British appointments to secure the savage interests. The Indians Avere directly served by McKee and Elliott, with ammunition and sup- plies, during the Wayne conflict. Several skirmishes ensued, but severe weather approaching, the troops moved for quarters, and on the 14th day of September, they attacked the Miami villages, captured them with provisions and stores, and erected a fort, leaving it in charge of Lieut. Col. Hamtramck. With cheers and rifle-shooting, this post was named Fort Wayne. The main army marched into Greenville and went into winter quarters. Wayne had achieved a brilliant victory, but his success did not overcome his practical reasoning, and he was unwilling to subject his men to a severe winter's campaign unless necessity was peremptory. Gov. Simcoe, Col. McKee and a few of the most savage Indian chiefs attempted to rally the Indians for a new attack. Gov. Simcoe, of Detroit, was aware that the mounted volunteers under Wayne had been allowed to return home, and that the term of service of a portion of the " Legion " was about to expire. The British and Indians held a conference, but the latter were weary Avith fighting for the glory of the Great Father at Detroit, and did not enter into the plan. The winter proved most poverty stricken to them, the English failing to supply them, and their crops and sustenance having been destroyed by Wayne, They were then fully prepared to listen to the faintest signal from Wayne ta conciliate affairs, and the Wyandots and Delawares were the first to confer with him on the subject. Their position was exposed and they had suffered severely. 114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. They soon influenced other tribes to consider the question. As a mass, they were convinced of their inability to overcome the Americans, and liad become impatient and disgusted Avith the duplicity of their British friends, who had not liesitated to sacrifice them in every instance, and who deserted them in tlieir hour of distress. United, they sued for peace. Terms were made, and about the 1st of August, the famous Greenville treaty was ratified and established, and the old Indian war in Ohio terminated. Tlie A\yandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Chippewas, Ottawas, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel Rivers, AVeas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws and Kaskaskias Avere thus conciliated. The old Indian boundary line, settled upon at the Fort Mcintosh treaty, was retained, and the southwestern line was prolonged from old Fort Recovery, southwest of the Ohio River. " The general boundary lines between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes shall be2;in at the mouth of the Cuvahoga River, and thence run up the same to the portage between that and the Tus- carawas Branch of the Muskingum ; thence down that branch to the crossing- place above Fort Laurens ; thence westerly to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami River (running into the Ohio), at or near which fork stood Lar- amie's store — Mary's River, Avhich is a branch of the Miami that runs into Lake Erie ; thence a westerly course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash ; thence southwesterly on a direct line to the Ohio, so as to inter- sect that river opposite the mouth of the Kentucky or Cuttawa River." This boundary line has, ever since this memorable treaty, been a prominent landmark, and may now be traced as the southern boundary line of Stark, Ash- land, Richland and Marion Counties, and the northern line, in part, of Tuscar- awas and Knox. Old Fort Recovery was located in Mercer, near the Indiana line. Laramie's store was in Shelby. Within the Indian Reservation, the United States held sixteen distinct sec- tions of land, for the purpose of military posts, so arranged that the Govern- ment had full right of way north and west. The "Joy treaty " between England and the United States was ratified early in 1796, and the British were obliged to vacate Detroit and Fort Miami, and recall the fact that they had no claim or right to either points. Gen. Wayne received them, and accompanied by Gov. St. Clair, proceeded to Detroit. Here the lat- ter laid out a county, calling it Wayne, and designated Detroit as its seat of justice. This was the fifth county in the Northwest Territory, north of the Ohio River. Washington County, with Marietta as a seat of justice, was first established ; next Hamilton, with Cincinnati as a county seat. Wayne County was organized in 1796, and included about twenty-six of the present counties, in the north^vest part of the State, covering about a quarter of its area, besides parts of Indiana and Michigan. In other parts of the State, the population Avas rapidly increasing. In May, 1795, the Legislature authorized a committee to institute measures for the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 117 disposal of their Western lands. The Virginia and Connecticut Reservations required some action on the part of Government, inasmuch as ceding a portion and re-selling had in a measure disturbed free titles. Fifty-six persons negoti- ated and purchased lands, receiving quit-claim titles and entire rights. They re-sold to John Morgan and John Caldwell and Jonathan Bruce, in trust. Thus 3,000,000 acres were prepared for settlement. Upon the quit-claim deeds of these representatives, the full title of lands included within the old Western Reserve rests. Judge Symmes began his active operations in 1796, and by the close of 1797 all lands east of the Cuyahoga were laid out in townships, five miles square. The agent of the Connecticut Land Company was Gen. Moses Cleveland, and in his honor the leading city in the Reserve was named. Some townships were retained for private sale, and others were disposed of by lottery, in 1798. Wayne's treaty led to the formation of Dayton, and the peopling of that section. A difficulty arose regarding the original Symmes grant and its modifi- cation. Symmes had sold land titles, in good faith, beyond his vested power, and Congress was now called upon to adjust these claims and titles. Seventeen days after the Wayne or Greenville treaty, St. Clair, Wilkinson, Dayton and Ludlow contracted with Symmes for seven and eight ranges, between the Mad and Little Miami Rivers. November 4, 1795, Mr. Ludlow laid out Dayton. During the years 1790 and 1795, the Governor and Supreme Judges of the Northwest Territory had published sixty-four statutes. Thirty-four of these were ratified at Cincinnati, for the purpose of forming a complete statutory. It was termed the " Maxwell Code." Mr. Nathaniel Massie founded a town on the Scioto, which was called Chillicothe. The Iroquois treaty had previously invited settlement, and embryo towns had begun as early as 1769, under the protection of the Connecticut Company. A land company was organized in HaHford, Conn., in 1795, sending out forty-three surveyors to divide the townships of that part of the Western Reserve, east of the Cuyahoga, five miles square. The first resident of the town of Cleveland was Mr. Job Stiles and family, and Mrs, Stiles was the mother of the first white child born on the Reserve. Some other parts of the territory progressed more rapidly in population. Along the Muskingum, Scioto and Miami, towns began to spring up, which might perhaps better be termed farming settlements. Cincinnati was increasing, and in 1796, had reached 100 cabins, 15 frame houses and 600 persons, with prospects for a firm future. The Virginia Military Land District was between the Little Miami and Scioto, and was rapidly increasing in population. Mr. Massie was unceasing in his efibrts to advance the West, and laid out Manchester, offering inducements that could not fail to attract settlers. Ebenezer Zane procured a grant in consideration of opening a bridle path from the Ohio River at Wheeling, over the country via Chillicothe, to Limestone, 118 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. in Kentucky. The year following, the United States mail was taken over this route. The comparatively tranquil condition of the country and the inducements it had to offer encouraged a rapid settlement of the Territory. A prominent feature of the early growth of Ohio was the general prevalence of reliable, stanch principle. The people were of the good colonial stock. In 1800, Chillicothe Avas denominated the scat of the Territorial govern- ment, and the first stone edifice in the State was begun in this town, soon after this appointment. About this time, a. serious difficulty suddenly occurred to those individuals who had taken lands on the Western Reserve of Connecticut. That Eastern power had, it is true, ceded a part of her claim to the General Government, and had stipulated for the sale of certain other tracts. At the same time, the State had not signed away lier jurisdiction over some sections of her claim, and those unfortunate people in and about Dayton found themselves without any government upon which they might depend in a case of emergency. The matter was, accordingly, presented to the Territorial government, which interceded with the Eastern State, and, sanctioned by the Assembly at Congress, Connecticut relinquished her jurisdiction in 1800. Cleveland was an important point, and was growing in the mean time. How- ever, it had suffered exceedingly from the ravages of fever and ague. For a period of two months, there was not an individual, but a boy thirteen years of age, able to procure food for the others. Flour Avas out of all rational con- sideration, and the meal upon which they lived was pounded by hand. In 1799, Williams and Myatt erected a grist-mill at the falls, near Newbury. A startling agitation occurred in 1801, which in these days would cause but a ripple in the political sea, but happening during a time when legislative dignity and state authority were regarded with reverential awe, it created the most intense feeling. , Great indignation was openly expressed. The Governor and several legislators felt that they had been insulted in the performance of their respective duties, at Chillicothe, while the Assembly was in session in 1801. No measures being taken by the authorities at the capital to protect the Executive, a law was passed removing the seat of govern- ment to Cincinnati. This circumstance led to a general consideration of the advantages of a State government, and a popular desire was expressed for a change in this respect. Gov. St. Clair had fallen into disfavor through his failure as a military leader and his failures in the Indian campaigns, and from his assuming powers which were not vested in him, especially the subdivision of counties. He was also identified with the Federal party, which was not popular in Ohio. The opposition was strong in the Assembly, but was in the minority in the House of Representatives. The boundary question was agitated at the same time. The intention was to thus effect the limits of Ohio that a, State government would necessarily have to be postponed. Against this measure. Tiffin, Worthington, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 119 Langham. Darlington, Massie, Dunlavy and Morrow strenuously objected. After considerable discussion, Thomas Worthington obtained leave of absence from the session, and journeyed to Washington in behalf of a State government. It was obvious that the Territory, under the ordinance, was not entitled to a change. Massie suggested the feasibility of appointing a committee to address Congress on the subject. This the House refused to pass. An effort was then made to take a census, but any action on this subject was postponed until the next session. During all this ineffectual struggle, Worthington Avas doing his best in Wash- ington, and succeeded so well that on March 4, a report was made to the House in favor of the State government. This report was made on a basis that the census, in 1800, summed up over 45,000 for Ohio. April 30, Congress passed a law carrying into effect the views expressed on this subject. A convention met on November 1. Its members were generally Jeffersonian in their views. Gov. St. Clair proposed to address them as their chief executive magistrate. Several members resolutely opposed this action, insisting upon a vote, which, through courtesy and not a sense of right, resulted in permitting him to address them. He advised the postponement of the State government until the original eastern portion of the State was sufficiently pop- ulated to demand this right. Only one, out of thirty-three, voted to sustain the Governor in these views. The convention agreed to the views of Congress. November 29, the agree- ment was ratified and signed, as was the constitution of the State of Ohio. The General Assembly was ordered to convene the first Tuesday of March, 1803. This was carried into effect. A constitution was framed for the new State, adhering to the Ordinance of 1787. The rights and duties of citizens were plainly set forth, and general business was transacted. The new State consti- tution was signed by : Edward Tiffin, President and Representative from Ross County. Adams County — Joseph Darlington, Israel Donalson, Thomas Vinker. Belmont County — James Caldwell and Elijah Woods. Clermont County — Philip Gatch and James Sargent. Fairfield County — Henry Abrams and Emanuel Carpenter. Hamilton County — John W. Brown, Charles Willing Byrd, Francis Dun- lavy, William Goforth, John Gitchel, Jeremiah Morrow, John Paul, John Riley, John Smith and John Wilson. Jefferson County — Rudolph Blair, George Humphry, John Milligan, Nathan Updegraff and Bezaleel Wells. Ross County — Michael Baldwin, James Grubb, Nathaniel Massie and F. Worthington. Washington County — Ephraim Cutler, Benjamin Ives Gilman, John Mc- Intyre and Rufus Putnam. Thoiflas Scott, Secretary. 120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. The first Legislature of the State, under the new constitution, created eight new counties, viz., Gallia, Scioto, Franklin, Columbiana, Butler, Warren, Greene and Montgomery. The first State officers were : Michael Baldwin, Speaker of the House ; Na- thaniel Massie, President of the Senate ; William Creighton, Secretary of State ; Col. Thomas Gibson, Auditor ; William McFarland, Treasurer ; Return J. Meigs, Jr., Samuel Huntington and William Sprigg, Judges of the Supreme Court ; Francis Dunlavy, Willis Silliman and Calvin Pease, Judges of the Dist- rict Court. The General Assembly held a second session in December, at which time the militia law was revised, also giving aliens equal proprietary rights with native citizens. The revenue system was modified and improved. Acts authorizing the incorporation of toAvnships were passed, and for the establishment of coun- ties. Furthermore, Jacob White, Jeremiah Morrow and William Ludlow were authorized to locate a township for collegiate purposes, according to previous specified terms of Congress. The Symmes grant and the college specification collided materially, but the irregularity of the former was not to create any inconvenience for the latter. Mr. Symmes had in good faith marked off this township, but circumstances preventing the perfection of his plans, that lapsed with the others, and the original township was now entered by settlers. Accordingly, thirty-six sections, west of the Great Miami, were selected, and are now licld by the Miami University. Gov. St. Clair, notAvithstanding his unpopularity, was re-appointed. Ohio was under a system of government which guaranteed the best improve- ments ; her Legislature being com])osed of her Ijest statesmen, and the laws passed having the genei'ul interest of the people embodied in them. A bill was passed, appropriating the net proceeds of the land lying within said State, sold by Congress after the 20th day of June, 1802, after deducting all expenses incident to the same, to be applied to the laying-out of roads, leading from the navigable waters emptying into the Atlantic to the Ohio, to the said State, and through the same ; such roads to be laid out under the authority of Congress, with the consent of the several States through which the road shall pass. In conformity with these provisions, steps were taken, in 1805, which resulted in the making of the Cumberland or National road. Burr, at this time, began an organization for the ostensible purpose of making a settlement on the Wachita, but his party being armed and his plans not being frankly disclosed, an investigation proved that his real design was a mutinous revolt against Governmental powers, and to gratify his ambition by founding his own kingdom in Mexico, and defeating the Spanish. If success crowned his efforts, his ultimate victory was to rupture the L^nion by forcing the Western States to withdraw from their allegiance. By gaining an influence over the noble but misguided Blennerhasset, he established his headquarters on his island in the Ohio. The history of Burr's expedition is already well known. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 121 The final capture by Gov. Tiffin, of ten boats loaded with stores, on the Mus- kingum, and four near Marietta, decided the fate of this scheme, and Burr was finally arrested and put on trial May 22, 1807. The advancement of the settlement of the State was in no manner impeded, and towns sprang up, farms were laid out, and all other improvements inaugu- rated which tended to a permanent prosperity. In 1808, Tecumseh left Greenville to join the Prophet on the banks of the Tippecanoe, a tributary of the Upper Wabash, on a tract of land granted herein by the Pottawatomies. The Indians were virtually by treaty allowed but a small proportion of land within the boundaries of the State, and were maintaining peaceful attitudes toward the whites, with exceptional border depredations, which were settled by mutual understanding. Although the United States had gained independence, and Avas treating with England as Avith other foreign powers, the British persisted in violating the national rights of the United States, impressing American seamen into the British service, seizing American vessels engaged with France in trade, and otherwise violating the rights of an independent nation, at peace with the Brit- ish power. The mission upon which Henry was sent by the British, to create disturb- ance between the States, and thus broken, to weaken the strength of the Gen- eral Government, added fuel to the fire, and united indignation cried for war. British agents again bargained with the Indians of the Wabash and Maumee Valleys, desiring them to inaugurate another Avar upon the Avestern sections and to make a desperate attack upon the settlements south of the lakes. The Brit- ish agent at Maiden negotiated in rifles, poAvder, ball, merchandise, lead, blank- ets and shirts. The Indians were inspired again with the hope that the Avhites Avould be driven back, and that all the country north of the Ohio would again revert to them. The Canadians in league with the English, gave the savages unlimited (|uantities of whisky, which naturally aroused their fierce natures to acts of violence and blood. It is highly probable that the use of liquor Avas the main cause of the deterioration of the best traits of the Indian character, after the Revolution. Again, many unscrupulous men upon the frontier did not hesi- tate to commit the most merciless crimes against the Indians, such Avas the prejudice against them, and the courts invariably failed to indict them for these atrocities. This error on the part of the Americans served to influence the savages against them. At this time, the seats of justice were distant over a hundred miles each from the other, uninhabited tracts frequently extending between them which Avere absolute wildernesses. The routes were in many cases difficult and circuitous. As early as 1808, there Avas a mail communication for the people on the Lower Maumee, many days elapsing betAveen the arriA^als and departures of 122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO the same, however. Horace Gunn was the carrier. Benoni Adams brought the news from Cleveland to the same point, his trip requiring a fortnight. It must be remembered that this journey was mostly made on foot. The Black Swamp could not be traversed in any other manner. THE WAR OF 1812. The war of 1812 can be called a continuation of the Revolution, with all justice. Although rumors had reached Ohio, that active preparations were being made for general action, no official tidings had been sent to Hull, com- mander-in-chief of the Western forces. The Secretary of War, instead of sending a special messenger directly to Hull, coramunicd;ted with the post adjacent, depending upon a continuation of the news from that point. At the same time, advices were sent the British post at Maiden and Detroit. Hull sent out a packet with official papers, stores, etc., the day previous to that on which the official intelligence arrived that an open rupture existed between the two powers, and this was of course captured. The Western forces marched to Detroit and crossed over to Sandwich, pre- paratory to attacking Maiden, a post most favorable for the transportation of stores, troops, etc. which was therefore considered valuable. Peter Minard first gave the news to the settlers of the Maumee. He had heard from a Delaware chief, who assured him a general massacre was to take place in the valley. Maj. SpafFord paid no heed to this "idle fear," until a few days thereafter a messenger came to his quarters, reporting a band of fifty Pottawatomies on the march to join the hostile tribes near Maiden. They had plundered and burned Monclova, and had nearly reached the rapids. The Major, with his family and settlers, immediately launched a barge on the river and were able to reach old Fort Miami just as the savages reached Maumee City. They could plainly witness the flames that devoured their old homes. They kept on their way in their miserable craft, until they reached Milan, where they learned that the entire country was in danger. Although the Indians were defeated in the battle of Tippecanoe in the fall of 1811, they plotted vigorously with the English for the invasion of Ohio. Gen. William Hull marched from the southwestern part of the State directly north, crossing the counties of Champaign, Logan, Hardin, Hancock and Wood, establishing military posts along the route and cutting a way through the wilderness of the unsettled portions. He crossed the Maumee on the 1st of July, and marched to Detroit. Hull was evidently actuated in his succeeding disgraceful failures by two fears — lack of confidence in the ability of his troops, and the belief that they might desert him in action. He proclaimed freedom, and a necessity of sub- mitting to the Canadians under existing circumstances. He held out induce- ments to the British regulai's to desert their cause and essayed to pacify the savages, but lie accomplished nothing beyond jeopardizing the American cause HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 123 and disgracing his army. His men became restless. Col. Miller and Col. Cass were delighted when detailed on scouting expeditions, and did not hesi- tate to attack advancing squads of the enemy. At last, an attack was made on the Niagara frontier, and Hull speedily abandoned his project and collected his forces at Detroit. Meantime, Col. Proctor had reached Maiden, and quickly perceiving the advantage of a post at that point, whereby he could cut oiF supplies and starve Hull into subjection, he massed his forces about this section, captured Van Horn and his two hundred men, and withstood the attack of Miller, although he gained nothing by so doing. Again Hull displayed his weakness by recall- ing his forces from further molestations. Gen. Brock, however, reached Maiden on the 13th of August, 1812, and began war preparations. Gen. Dearborn placed a force on the Niagara frontier, but an armistice was made with the British. Hull dispatched a third party under McArthur, to open communications to the Raisin River. Gen. Brock appeared at Sandwich and began to erect batteries, which Hull would not allow to be molested. The result was, that on the 26th of August Detroit was surrendered to the enemy, and not a blow had been struck in its defense. By this dastardly act, 1,400 brave men who had not been permitted to make a single effort to sustain the American cause, were surrendered to 300 English regulars, 400 Canadians and their Indian allies. Gen. Hull was, in consequence of this series of "mistakes," accused of treason and cowardice, and convicted of the latter. By the middle of August, the British had gained the control over most of the Northwestern Territory. The appointment of William Henry Harrison to the position of com- mander in chief of the Western forces, was most opportune. He speedily raised a vigorous army, and advanced by three routes to the foot of the rapids. Gen. Harrison commanded the right wing, and marched by the way of Upper Sandusky, where he located his depot of supplies. Gen. Tupper commanded the center, Fort McArthur, in Hardin County, being his base, while Gen. Win- chester marched from Fort Defiance down the Maumee to the foot of the rapids. A large force of British and Indians moved up the left bank of the Mau- mee toward Fort Wayne, and Gen. Harrison, to intercept them, marched to the confluence of the Auo-laize with the Maumee. Harrison was aware that the enemy would be also hemmed in by Win- chester. The weather was rainy, and the prospects were that a most unfortun- ate season was to follow the expected engagements. Harrison heard that Winchester had reached Fort Defiance, and that the Indians and British were retreating down the Maumee. He followed, and marched to Winchester's camp, where he arrived in season to quell a mutiny under command of Col. Allen, of the Kentucky troops. 124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. In January, 1813, Winchester had reached the rapids, where he received tidino-s that Frenchtown was menaced and exposed. Without orders, he sent a party to the rescue, which defeated the enemy. The weather was intensely cold, and the company lay within eighteen miles of Maiden, where the enemy was collected in full force, consequently re-enforcements must be dispatched immediately or the town again left to its fate. Winchester then marched with a force of 259 men, and upon arriving at nightfall, insisted upon remaining on open ground, although warned repeatedly that this would be a most dangerous experiment. In the morning, he was surprised by the enemy, massed directly before him, with a battery within three hundred yards of his camp, and a shower of bombs, balls and grape-shot falling among his exposed troops, and the yells of Indians reminding him of his fatal error. Lewis, who led the party out in the beginning and had apprehended the danger, bravely defended himself behind garden pickets. Winchester was defeated on the 22d of January, 1813, and the Indians were permitted to massacre the prisoners and the settlers. Harrison fell back to the foot of the rapids. On the 1st of February, he began the construction of Fort Meigs. On the 27tli of April, Proctor and Tecumseh attacked this fort, and laid siege Avith the full expectation of success. The stipulation was that Gen. Harrison Avas to be delivered to Tecumseh. While the balls and bombs were making havoc with the fort, the Indians Avere climbing trees and pouring a galling fire doAvn upon the troops. Gen. Proctor invited Harrison to surrender, which Avas politely declined, Avith the assurance that the British General Avould have the opportunity to distinguish himself as a soldier before such a proceeding was enacted, Gen. Clay was descending the Maumee with l,i^OO Kentuckians in flat boats. Orders went from Harrison that 800 men should land on the left bank, take and spike the British cannon, and then to enter the fort, from which soldiers were to issue to assist the re-enforceraents. Capt. Hamilton was to pilot Gen. Clay to the fort, cutting their Avay through. All succeeded. Col. Dudley taking the batteries and spiking the cannon. But his men, too much elated by their success, against orders, and against the repeated expostulations of Col. Dudley, insisted on pursuing the Indians. Col. Dudley Avould not desert them. This act proved their ruin. By a decoy, they Avere led into a defile which proved an ambush, and the men found themselves surrounded by savages, Avithout means of escape. A most frightful massacre began, and every man Avould have fallen had not Tecumseh sternly forbidden the cowardly carnage. One of his principal chiefs ignored this order, and the next instant the great warrior buried his hatchet in his head. The brave Col. Dudley was, hoAvever, tomahaAvkcd and scalped. There were no immediate signs that the fort Avould be surrendered, and the siege Avas raised on the 9th of May. It Avas rencAved on the 20th of July, and abandoned a few days later. The enemy decided this stronghold Avas invulnerable. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 125 On the 1st of August, the enemy proceeded to Fort Stevenson, at Lower Sandusky, garrisoned by 150 men under Maj. Croghan. The fort had the use of but one piece of cannon. The enemy with Tecumseh's Indians num- bered 3,300 strong, with six pieces of cannon. Gen. Proctor again tendered the offer to surrender, adding that a refusal wouki only bring about a useless resistance, and a massacre by the Indians. The reply was, that before the fort went over to the British, not an American would be left to be massacred, as they should hold out to the last man. Proc- tor opened fire. The first movement was an assault upon the northwest angle of the fort, as if to make a breach and thus carry the works. The command- ant strengthened that point by bags of sand, and during the night stealthily placing his one cannon in a concealed position, he filled it with slugs. The following day, the fire again swept the northwest corner, and, evening approaching, a column of 350 men swept up within twenty yards of the walls. They were met by the musketry, which had little eflFect, and the ditch was soon filled with men. The next instant the hidden cannon, so placed as to sweep the ditch, suddenly began action, and the surprised assailants quickly recoiled, and the fort was saved, with the loss of only one man. The next morning, the enemy had disappeared, evidently in haste, as guns, clothing and stores were left behind. They had lost over one hundred and fifty men by this useless attempt. Croghan had previously received orders to evacuate the fort from Gen. Harrison, and his determination to hold the position merited Harrison's reprimand and remand of commission. Such was the sev- erity of military laAv. However, the rank of Colonel was immediately conferred upon him by the President, for his gallantry. The ladies of Chillicothe pre- sented him with an elegant testimonial in the shape of a sword. It was decided to make a naval warfare effectual in the recovery of the Northwestern Territory, and accordingly vessel-building began under Commo- dore Perry's supervision. The British looked upon this proceeding with derision, fully intending to use these boats for their own purpose. They publicly proclaimed their intention. By the 1st of August, 1813, Commodore Perry set sail a flotilla, the Law- rence and the Niagara, of twenty guns each, with smaller vessels following. Some difficulty was encountered in launching the larger vessels, on account of the shallowness of the water. Perry's first destination was Put-in-Bay, thirty miles from Maiden, where the British fleet lay under the guns of the fort. On the 10th of September, the British fleet — exceeding the American by ten guns — under Commodore Barclay, appeared off Put-in-Bay, distant about ten miles. Perry immediately set sail. The wind shifting, the Americans had the advantaoje. Perry hoisted the Union Jack. A general preparation was made for the conflict. An ominous silence settled over all as the fleets approached. A bugle sounded on the enemy's ship Detroit, and a furious fire was opened upon 126 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the Lawrence. The frightful and desperate battle that ensued is so familiar that it is not necessary for us to repeat its details. It forever remains in his- tory as a prominent, desperate struggle that turned the tide most decisively in favor of the Americans. Hand to hand, for three hours, this furious struggle surged, resulting in a pronounced victory for the Americans. Commodore Perry immediately re(j[uested parole for his severely wounded antagonist. Commodore Barclay. Capt. Elliott was at this engagement highly commended by Perry for his bravery. Gen. Harrison now made preparations to follow Proctor, and reached Mai- den on the 27th of September. Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, and thence Harrison followed him, overtaking the enemy on the 9th of October, on the bank of the Thames. An engagement ensued, which was not particularly marked in its events, but which practically terminated the war in the Northwest. Tecumseh fell during this battle, and his death disheartened the savages to such an extent that they were willing to make terms of peace. Accordingly a treaty was concluded on the 22d of July, 1814, with the Wyandots, Dela- wares, Shawnees, Senecas and Miamis, the tribes engaged in hostilities. Again Ohio was able to turn her attention to the improvements within her own boundaries. Weary and disabled though she was, her ambition and energy were unimpaired. The struggle had been severe, but a grand reward had been won, and peace and independence belonged to these sturdy, earnest, pioneers. In 1815, a town was founded near Fort Meigs, and, in 1816, Gen. John E. Hunt and Judge Robert A. Forsythe located at Maumee. BANKING. Up to the year 1817, Ohio had no banking system, and on the 28th of January of that year, the United States Bank opened a branch at Cincinnati, and yet another during the following October at Chillicothe. These branches found a large amount of business to transact, and while being of assistance in various ways to the State, also received a fine revenue themselves. The State therefore resolved upon a tax levy, and, in 1819, the branches were to pay $50,000 each, and the State Auditor was authorized to issue his warrant for the collection of the same. The bank branches demurred, but the State was decided, and the banks accordingly filed a bill in chancery, in the United States Circuit Court, setting forth reasons whereby their prayer that Ralph Osborn, State Auditor, should be restrained from making such collection, should be seriously considered. Osborn being counseled not to appear on the day designated in the writ, an injunction was obtained, with the security given in the shape of bonds from the bank, to the amount of $100,000. On the 14th of September, the bank sent a commissioner to Columbus, who served upon the Auditor a copy of the petition HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 127 for the injunction, and a subpoena to make an appearance before the court on the first Monday in the following January. Osborn submitted both the petition and the injunction to the Secretary of State, with his warrant for col- lecting tlie tax. Legally, the matter was somewhat complicated. The Auditor desired the Secretary of State to take legal advice, and if the papers did not actually amount to an injunction, to give orders for the execu- tion of the warrant. The decision was that the papers did not equal a valid injunction. The State writ for collection was therefore given over to John L. Harper, with directions to enter the banking-house and demand the payment of the tax. In case of a refusal, the vault was to be entered and a levy made upon the amount required. No violence was to be used, and if force was used to deter the act, the same was to be reported to a proper magistrate and an affidavit made to that fact. On September 17, Mr. Harper went about his errand, taking with him T. Orr and J. MacCollister. After securing access to the vault, a demand was made for the payment of the tax. This was promptly refused, and a notice given of the granting of the injunction. This was disregarded, and the ofiicer seized $98,000 in gold, silver and notes. This was placed in charge of the State Treasurer, Mr. H. M. Curry. The oflScers were arrested and imprisoned by the United States Circuit Court, and the money returned to the bank. The case was reviewed by the Supreme Court, and the measures of the Circuit Court were sustained. The State, therefore, submitted. In the mean time, the Legislature had prepared and passed a resolution, as follows: Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That in respect to the powers of the Governments of the several States that compose the American Union, and the powers of the Fed- eral Government, this General Assembly do recognize and approve the doctrines asserted by the Legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia in their resolutions of November and December, 1798, and January, 1800, and do consider their principles have been recognized and adopted by a majority of tlie American people. Resolved further. That this General Assembly do assert and will maintain by all legal and constitutional means, the rights of States to tax the business and property of any private corpo- ration of trade, incorporated by the Congress of the United States, and located to transact its corporate business within any State. Resolved further. That the bank of the United States is a private corporation of trade, the capital and business of which may be legally taxed in any State where they may be found. Resolved further, That the General Assembly do protest against the doctrines that the politi- cal rights of the separate States that compose the American Union and their powers as sovereign States, may be settled and determined in the Supreme Court of the United States, so as to con- clude and bind them in cases contrived between individuals, and where they are, no one of them, parties direct. The bank was thus debarred from the aid of State laws in the collection of its dues and in the protection of its rights. An attempt was made to effect a change in the Federal constitution, which would take the case out of the United States Courts. This, however, proved ineffectual. 128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. The banking system in Ohio has, by reason of State surveillance, not been subjected to those Avhirlwind speculations and questionable failures which have marked many Western States, in the establishment of a firm basis upon Avhich a banking law could be sustained, with mutual benefit to the institution and the people. THE CANAL SYSTEM. In the first part of 1817, the Legislature considered a resolution relating to a canal between Lake Erie and the Ohio River. No action was taken and the subject w^as not again agitated until 1819. Gov. Brown appointed three commissioners in 1820, for the purpose of employing an efficient engineer and such assistants as he deemed necessary, for the purpose of surveying a practical route for this canal. The commissioners were restricted in their actions until Congress should accept a proposition in behalf of the State, for a donation and sale of the public lands lying upon and near the route of the proposed canal. A delay was thus occasioned for two years. In 1822, the matter was referred to a committee of the House of Repre- sentatives. This committee approved and recommended the employment of the engineer. They furthermore added illustrations to prove the feasibility of the project. James Geddes, a skillful engineer of New York, was in due time appointed to the position and instructed to make the necessary examinations and sur- veys. The surveys were made, and estimates given of the expenses, which docu- ments were laid before the Legislature at several sessions. In 1825, an act Av'as passed providing for the internal improvement of the State by navigable canals. Directly thereafter, the State set vigorously about the work of constructing two canals, one leading from the Ohio to Lake Erie, by way of the valleys of the Scioto and Muskingum, the other from Cinciniuxti to Dayton. The first canal-boat from Cincinnati to Dayton, reached her destination in 1829, on the 25th of January. This outlet of communication was extended to Lake Erie, and was completed in 1845. The largest artificial lake now known is on the elevation between the Ohio and the lake, in Mercer County, and supplies the St. Mary's feeder of the INIiami Canal, about three miles dis- tant, eastwardly. This reservoir is about nine miles long, and from two to four broad. Two walls of earth, from ten to twenty feet high, were formed, on the east and west, which united with the elevations north and south, surrounded this basin. When the water was admitted, whole farms were submerged, and the "neighbors" complained lest this overflow should tempt miasma. So groat was the excitement, that over one hundred and fifty residents of the county united, and with shovels and spades, made a breach in the embankment. Many holding prominent positions in the county were engaged in this work, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 129 and all laid themselves liable to the State laws, which made the despoiling of public works a penitentiary offense. The matter was taken up by the courts, but a grand jury could not be found in Mercer County to find a bill of indictment. The officers who had charge of the work, ignored the law requiring the cut- ing and saving of the timber on lands appropriated, for canal reservoirs. The trees were ruthlessly girdled, and thousands of acres of valuable timber that might have been highly desirable in the building of bridges, etc., were destroyed. However, an adjustment was finally effected, and the work Avas prosecuted with the entire approbation of the people, who were convinced that convenient transportation was to be desired. OHIO LAND TRACTS. After the Indians relinquished all claims against the lands of those States west of the Alleghanies, as they had been obtained by conquest, the United States, as a government, owned the soil. AVhen Ohio was admitted into the Union, a stipulation was made that the fee simple to all the lands within its boundaries, Avith the exception of those previously sold or granted, should vest in the General Government. At the present Avriting, but few tracts remain that can be called " public lands." In this, as in other States, tracts are des- ignated by their pioneer signification or the purpose to which they were origi- nally devoted. In Ohio, these tracts are known as : 1. Cgngress Lands. 8. Symmes' Purchase. 15. Maumee Road. 2. United States Military. 9. Refugee Tract. 16. School Lands. 3 Virginia Military.. 10. French Grant. 17. College Lands. 4. Western Reserve. 11. Dohrman's Grant. 18. Ministerial Lands. 5. Fire Lands. 12. Zane's Grant. 19. Moravian Lands. 0. Ohio Company's Purchase. 13. Canal Lands. 20. Salt Sections. 7. Donation Tract. 14. Turnpike Lands. The lands sold by the direct officers of the Government, under the direc- tion of Congress, according to the laws, are known as Congress lands. They are properly surveyed, and laid out in townships six miles square, under the direction of the Government, and the expense incurred settled by Congress. These townships are subdivided into sections, containing 640 acres. One sec- tion is reserved, in every township, for educational purposes, to be utilized in any manner approved by the State as being the best to aid the cause for which they are assigned. The Western Reserve will be remembered as the tract originally belonging to Connecticut. It lies in the northeast quarter of the State. A half-million acres were donated by the old Eastern State, when her claim was in force, to sufferers from fire during the Revolutionary Avar, which created the name, " fire lands." Many settled here whose homes Avere destroyed by the British during the war. It will be remembered, that on account of discoveries by subjects of empires, in the New World, the "Old World" kings laid claim to different portions 130 HISTORY OF THE 8TATE OF OHIO. of the YOimg continent. At that period, European knowledge of Anierioan iieoirrapliioal positions and limits ^vas exoeedini^lv nieaiior. ^vhieh occasioned several Avars and more discussions. These Old-AVorhl sovereigns also assumed tlie authoritv to sell or present tracts of land to their subjects, in those terri- tories thev deemed their own. King Charles II of England granted to his loyal subjects the colony of Connecticut, in lGt)'2, jdacing with them a charter of right to all lands within certain prescribed boundaries. But these " boundaries " frequently conilicted with those of others, and sometimes extended to the Pacific Ocean, or "' South Sea," as it was then termed. Connecticut, by her original charter rights, held all lands between the forty-first and forty-second parallels of north latitude, and from Providence Plantation on the east, to Pacific Ocean on the west, except- iniT the New York and Pennsylvania colonies. As late as the establishment of the United States as an independent government, those colliding claims fre- quently engendered confusion and warm discussion between the nation and Connecticut, regarding the original colony claim. This was compromised by the national clahns being relinquished in regard to the territorial claim in Ohio, and Connecticut holding the 8.800.000 acres described as the *' AVestern Reser- vation." The Government held the right of jurisdiction. In 1796, Congress set aside a certain division of land, to satisfy the claims of officers and soldiers of the Revolutionary war. It includes the 2,500,000 acres between the Greenville treaty line and the Congress and refugee lands, and " VII ranges of townships," on the east, and the Scioto River, west. This constitutes the " Military Tract." The '' Virginia Military Tract " lies between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivei*s, and extends south to the Ohio. James I, in his authorized charter to the Virginia colony, in the year 1609, made rather visionary boundary lines, sweeping over the continent, west of the Ohio River, '' of the north and south breadth of Virginia." Virginia reconciled the matter by relin(|uishing all her claims northwest of the Ohio River, with the exception of a tract for the purjiose of donating the same to her troops of the Revolution — their claims demanding such a return in some section. Unfortunately, this tract was not regularly surveyed, and contlicting ''lines " have given rise to litigation ever since that stipulation was made. The Ohio Company's Purchase has already been described — as has the Synnnes Purchase. The Refugee Tract covers an area of 100,000 acres, extending eastwardly from the Scioto River forty-eight miles, in a strip of country four and one-half miles broad, north to south. Columbus, the capital of the State, is situated in the western portion. This land was donated by Congress to those individuals who left the British dominions and rule, during the Revolution, and espoused the American cause. The French Tract borders on the Ohio River, in the southeastern qiuirter of Scioto County. It includes 24,000 acres, and was ceded to those French HISTORY OF TIIK STATK OF OHIO. 131 families that lost their claims at (/allipolis, throu^fli invalid titles ; 1,200 acres were added, after the above; grant of llih'j. Dohrman's Grant includes a section, six miles square, in the southeastern portion of Tuscarawas County. It was granted to Arnold Henry Dohrman, a Portuguese merchant, as a token of appreciation of the aid and shelter he ren- dered American cruisers and vessels of war, during the Revolution. The Moravian Lands were originally grants by the old Continental Con- gress, in 1787, and confirmed by the act of the Government Congress, in 1796, to the Moravian Brethren, of Bethlehem, Penn., in sacred trust, and for the use of those Indians who embraced Christianity and civilization, desiring to live and settle thereon. These three tracts include 4,000 acres each, and are situ- ated in Tuscarawas County. In 1823, the Indians relinquished their rights to the 12,000 acres in this county, for 24,000 acres, in a , territory designated by the United States, together with an annuity of ^400. Zane's Tracts included a portion of land on the Muskingum, whereon Zanes- ville was built ; another at the crossing of the Hocking, on which Lancaster is located ; and yet another on the left bank of the Scioto River, opposite Chilli- cothe. These grants were made to Ebenezer Zane, by Congress, in 1796, as a reward for opening a road from Wheeling, Va., to Maysville, Ky. In 1802, Mr. Zane received three additional tracts, one square mile each, in considera- tion of being captured and lield a prisoner, during the Revolutionary war, when a boy, by the Indians. He lived with these people most of his life, secur- ing many benefits for the Americans. These tracts are located in Champaign County. The Mauraee Road Lands extend the length of the road, from the Maumee River, at Perrysburg, to the western limits of the Western Reserve, a distance of forty-six miles — in a strip two miles wide. This includes about 60,000 acres. These lands were ceded by the Indians, at the treaty of Brownstown, in 1808. The original intention of Congress was to mark a highway through this strip, but no definite action was taken until 1823, wlie/i the land was ceded to the State of Ohio, under an obligation that tlie State make and sustain the pro- jected road, within four years after the transfer. The Turnpike Lands extended over 31,360 acres along the western side of the Columbus & Sandusky Turnpike, in the eastern parts of Seneca, Craw- ford and Marion Counties. They were designed for the transportation of mail stages, troops and other United States property, free from toll. The grant was made in 1827. " The Ohio Canal Lands " comprise about 1,000,000 acres, set aside for the purpose of canal construction. When Ohio was admitted to the Union, a guarantee was given that the State should not tax Government lands until they sliould have been sold for five years. That the thirty-sixth part of all territory witliin the State limits should be de- voted to educational purposes, for the general benefit of the population. In 132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. order to secure tracts ■which would prove available, and thus insure returns, they were selected in small lots. No. 16 was designated as the sectional portion, in each township of Congress lands, the Ohio Company's and Symmes Pur- chases, the United States Military Lands, the Connecticut Reserve, and a num- ber of quarter townships. These school lands were selected by the Secretary of the Treasury. ' The college townships are thirty-six miles square. A section, thirty-six miles square, in the center of Jackson County, in the vicinity and containing the Scioto Salt Licks, was also reserved by Congress, together with a quarter- mile township in Delaware County. This swept over 27,040 acres. In 1824, Congress authorized the State to sell these lands. The proceeds were to be devoted to literary requirements, such as might be specified by Congress. IMPROVEMENTS. We have heretofore briefly alluded to the canal system of Ohio, which in the beginning caused considerable anxiety to settlers directly in the course of its survey. The Legislature passed the " Internal Improvement by Navigable Canals " act, in 1825, and the work was immediately inaugurated and hastened. The " Ohio Canal " extends from the lake to the Ohio, and the " Miami " con- nects Cincinnati with Dayton. The latter was completed to Toledo in 1844, a length of 493 miles. Its total cost, including reservoir cutting and feeders, was $7,500,000. The Ohio Canal was finished in 1833. During the construction of these canals, the curiosities which have attracted antiquarians and scientists, in the State of Ohio, were found in various places. Relics were discovered that must have belonged to a giant race. Nearly 3,000 graves werefound, of the "mound type." A third canal was begun in 1836, reaching from Walhonding, in Coshocton County, to Roscoe, its length being twenty-five miles, involving an expense of $610,000. This was completed in 1842. The Hocking Canal, between Car- roll, in Fairfield County, and Athens, in Athens County, a distance of fifty- six miles, was also cut, about the same time, at a cost of nearly $1,000,000. The Muskingum improvements were also being carried forward. Locks and dams were requisite for the perfection of navigation in this water-course, from Dresden to Marietta, a distance of ninety-one miles. This added an expense of $1,630,000 to the call for improvement appropriations. To the Miami Canal was added a feeder, known as the Warren County Canal — extending from Franklin to Lebanon, Avhich was not comjdeted, although over $250,000 were expended in its construction as far as it went. Railway transportation was a subject which engrossed the attention of those in- terested in State perpetuity and general prosperity. About the year 1831, the Leg- islature received applications for railway charters. The first one granted was the " Cincinnati, Sandusky k Cleveland Railroad," on June 5, 1832. The " Sandusky, Mansfield & Newark Railroad " obtained a charter in 1836, March 11, followed, /cft^A.^n.x.^^^^^4t^ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 135 three days thereafter, by the " Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad." The " Little Miami " was begun in 1837. Notwithstanding these chartered rights, but 129 miles were completed in 1847, and in operation. In 1878, the mileage had increased to 6,264. The valuation of the operating roads was estimated the same year, at ^76,113,500. Their taxation summed up $1,128,116. No State in the Union has been more zealous in her educational interests than Ohio. Public lands were generously granted by Congress, and the State added her affirmation. However, no practical and effectual system was adopted until 1825. An act was then passed to tax all real property one-half mill per dollar for the establishment of schools in each township, and the support of the same. An act of 1829, increased the tax to three-fourths of a mill. Trustees of townships were instructed to make divisions and locate convenient school dis- tricts. Householders were to elect three school directors, a clerk and treasurer annually. Privileges and restrictions were enjoined in all cases. The house- holders were allowed their discretion, governed accordingly, in imposing taxes for the erection of school buildings. The Courts of the Common Pleas appointed a committee to examine the qualifications of those individuals mak- ing application for the position of teachers. The school extended equal privi- leges to all white children. Those of colored parentage were excluded, and no tax was levied for school purposes upon colored parents. An amendment has admitted the children of colored parents. The system has continued the same, with a few amendments. A State Commissioner of Common Schools is elected every third year, who has general charge of the interests of public schools. A State Board of Examiners, composed of three persons, appointed by the State Commissioner, for two years' term, is authorized to issue life certificates of high qualifications, to such teachers as it may find to possess the requisite scholarship, character, experience and ability. These certificates, signed by the Commis- sioner, are valid throughout the State. A County Board of Examiners, of three members, is formed in each county. Boards of education, for cities, are made up of one or two members from each ward. City Boards of Examiners are also appointed. Section 4 of the law of 1873, was amended in 1877, which made the territory annexed to an incorporated village, at the option of the voters of the village and tributary section, whether it be included with the vil- lage as one school district, or left as two school districts. Section 56 of the law was amended, in its bearing upon cities of 30,000 to 75,000 inhabitants, by limiting to five mills on the dollar of taxable property, the levies in such cities for con- tinuing schools, for purchasing sites for schoolhouses, for leasing, purchasing, erecting and furnishing school houses, and for all school expenses. The public funds are subject to the discretion of voters, and boards are authorized, under instructions, to make the best use of such funds. Taxation is subject to the discretion of the State, certain limits being prescribed. 136 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. In 1878, the number of youth of the school age numbered 1,041,963. On the rolls, 740,194 names Avere recorded. In the year 1878, 23,391 teach- ers were employed, receiving $4,956,514.46 for their services. Ohio not only sustains her public schools on a broad, liberal basis, but she encourages educational pursuits in superior universities and colleges throughout the State. These institutions are not aided by State funds, but are sustained by society influence, added to their self-supporting resources. Ohio also possesses a large number of normal schools, academies, seminaries and business colleges. These are not entitled to the privileges of the school fund. Scientific, profes- sional, theological, legal and medical instructions are in no manner limited in their facilities. Industrial and reformatory schools are especially thorough. Institutions for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, and blind, and feeble- minded, are under the best discipline. We may add, many female seminaries have been established which are entirely sustained by other than State aid. Ohio has, from its inception, been solid and vigorous in whatever tended toward improvement and enlightenment. We have also referred to the banking system of this State, as being first established on a basis through a contest between the State and the General Government. Authorities differ regarding the exact date and location of the very first house established in the State for the purpose of transacting banking business. It is highly probable that Marietta is more directly associated with that event than any other town. There are at present over one hundred and sixty-seven national banks, with an aggregate capital of $27,794,468. It also has eighteen banks of deposit, incorporated under the State banking laws of 1845, representing an aggregate capital of $539,904. Twenty-three savings banks, incorporated under the State act of 1875, with an aggregate capital of $1,277,500. Of private banks it has 192, Avith an aggregate capital of $5,663,898. The State represents in her banking capital over $36,275,770. The First National of Cincinnati has a capital stock of over $1,000,000. The others fall below that sum, their capital diminishing from 10,000 shares of $100 each. The valuation for taxation is $850,000 — Merchant's National of Cincinnati — to the valuation of a tax of $5,000 on the First National of Beverly. BOUNDARY LINES. We must not omit the subject of the State boundaries. Ohio was especially the field for most animated discussions, relative not only to State limits but county lines and township rights. In 1817, a severe controversy arose, which was settled only after violent demonstrations and Government interference. In primitive times, the geographical position, extent and surface diversities were but meagerly comprehended. In truth, it may be asserted they could not have been more at variance with actual facts had they been laid out " hap- hazard." The ordinance of 1787 represented Lake Michigan far north of its real position, and even as late as 1812, its size and location had not been HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 137 definitely ascertained. During that year, Amos Spafford addressed a clear, com- prehensive letter to the Governor of Ohio, on this subject, relative to the boundary lines of Ohio. Several lines of survey were laid out as the first course, but either Michigan or Ohio expressed disapproval in every case. This culminated in 1835, when the party beginning a ''permanent" survey began at the northwest corner of the State, and was attacked by a force of Michigan settlers who sent them away badly routed and beaten. No effort was made to return to the work until the State and various parties had weighed the subject, and finally the interposition of the Government became necessary. A settlement resulted in Ohio being bounded on the north by Lake Erie and the State of Michigan, on the east by Pennsylvania and West Virginia, on the south by the Ohio River, and on the west by Indiana. It is situated between the 38° 25' and 42° north latitude, and 84° 50' west longitude from Greenwich, or 3° 30' and 7° 50' Avest from Washington. From north to south, it extends over 210 miles, and from east to west 220 miles — comprising 39,964 square miles. The State is generally higher than the Ohio River. In the southern counties, the surface is greatly diversified by the inequalities produced by the excavating power of the Ohio River and its tributaries. The greater portion of the State was originally covered with timber, although in the central and northwestern sections some prairies were found. The crest or watershed between the waters of Lake Erie and those of the Ohio is less elevated than in New York or Pennsylvania. Sailing upon the Ohio the country appears to be mountainous, bluffs rising to the height of two hundred and fifty to six hundred feet above the valleys. Ascending the tributaries of the Ohio, these precipitous hills gradually lessen until they are resolved into gentle undulations, and toward the sources of the river the land is low and marshy. Although Ohio has no inland lakes of importance, she possesses a favorable river system, which, aided by her canals, gives her prestige of a convenient water transportation. The lake on her northern boundary, and the Ohio River on her southern limit, afford most convenient outlets by water to impor- tant points. Her means of communication and transportation are superior in every respect, and are constantly being increased. ORGANIZATION OP COUNTIES AND EARLY EVENTS. Adams County was named in honor of John Adams, second President of the United States. Gov. St. Clair proclaimed it a county on July 10, 1797. The Virginia Military Tract included this section, and the first settlement made within its boundaries wasin this county in 1790-91, between the Scioto and Little Miami, at Manchester, by Gen. Nathaniel Massie. In this town was held the first court of the county. West Union, the present county seat, was laid out by the Hon. Thomas Kirker. It occupies the summit of a high ridge. The surface of this county is 138 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. hilly and broken, and the eastern part is not fertile. Tt produces corn, wheat, oats and pork. Beds of iron are found in the eastern part. Its hills are composed of aluminous shale. The barren hills afford a range for cattle and hoo;s. A sort of vagrant class derive a support by collecting stones, hoop-poles and tanners' harks from these hills. Ashland County is one of the finest agricultural sections. It was formed T'ebruary 26, 1846. Wheat comprises its principal crop, although large quan- tities of oats, corn, potatoes, grass and fruit are raised. Ashland is its county seat, and was laid out by William Montgomery in 1816. It was called Union- town for several years. Daniel Carter raised the first cabin within the county limits in 1811. Auglaize County was formed in February, 1848, from Allen and Mercer Counties. Wapakoneta is its county seat. Allen County was formed from the Indian Territory April 1, 1820. Lima is its county seat. Ashtabula County was formed June 7, 1807, and was organized January 22, 1811. The surface is level near the lake, while the remainder is undulat- ing. The soil is mostly clay. Very little wheat is raised, but considerable corn and oats. Butter and cheese are the main marketable productions. This was the first county settled on the Western Reserve, and also the earliest in Northern Ohio. On the 4th of July, 1796, the first surveying party arrived at the mouth of Conneaut Creek. Judge James Kingsbury was the first who wintered there with his family. He was the first man to use a sickle in the first wheat-field in the Western Reserve. Their child Avas the first born on the Western Reserve, and w^as starved to death. The first regular settlement was at Harpersfield, in 1798. Jefferson is the county seat. Ashtabula is pleasantly situated on the river, with a fine harbor two and a half miles from the village. The first church on the Western Reserve was founded at Austinburg in 1801. Athens County was formed from Washington March 1, 1805. It produces wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. The surface is hilly and broken, with rich bot- tom lands between. Coal, iron ore and salt add materially to its commercial value. It has the advantage of the canal, as well as other transportation. Athens, its county seat, is situated on the Hocking River. The Ohio Uni- versity, the first college founded in the State, is located here. We have mentioned the ancient mounds found in this county, heretofore. Yellow pine is abundant in the lower part of the Hocking Valley. Brown County was formed March 1, 1818, from Adams and Clermont. It produces wheat, corn, rye, oats and pork. The southern part is prolific in grain, while the northern is adapted to grazing purposes. The surface is undu- lating, with the exception of the Ohio River hills. Over this county Tecumseb -once held sway HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. ISST Georgetown is the county seat, and was laid out in 1819. Ripley is the larg- est business town in the county. Belmont County was announced by Gov. St. Clair September 7, 1801. It produces large crops of wheat, oats, corn and tobacco, an annual crop of over 2,000,000 pounds of the latter being the average. It also trades largely in wool and coal. It is a picturesque tract of country, and was one of the pioneers in the early settled portions. In 1790, Fort Dillie was erected on the west side of the Ohio. Baker's: Fort was a mile below the mouth of the Captina. Many desperate Indian bat- tles were fought within the limits of this county, and the famous Indian scout, Lewis Wetzel, roamed over the region. St. Clairsville is the county seat, situated on the elevation of land, in a fer- tile district. Capt. Kirkwood and Elizabeth Zane, of historic fame, were early pioneers here. Butler County was formed in 1803, from Hamilton. It is within the blue limestone formation, and one of the most fertile sections of Ohio. It pi'oduces more corn than any other county in the State, besides fine crops of wheat, oats and large quantities of pork. Hamilton, the county seat, is situated on the Great Miami. Its hydraulic works furnish superior water-power. Rossville, on the opposite side of the Miami, is a large mercantile town. St. Clair passed through this county on his Indian campaigns in 1791^ building Fort Hamilton on the Miami. Champaign County was formed March 1, 1805, from Greene and Franklin. It is drained by Mad River and its tributaries, which furnishes extensive mill privileges. Nearly a half is undulating, a quarter rolling, a fifth hilly, and 5 per cent wet prairie. The soil is fertile, and produces wheat, corn, oats,, barley, hay, while beef and wool add to the general wealth. Urbana, the county seat, was laid out in 1805, by Col. William Ward. He was chief owner of the land and donated many lots to the county, under condition that their proceeds be devoted to public improvements. Joseph Vance and George Fithian were the first settlers. The Methodists built the first church in 1807. The main army of Hull concentrated at this point before setting out for Detroit. Many Indian councils were called here, and Tecumseh was located for a time near Deer Creek. Carroll County was formed from Columbiana in 1832-33. It produces wheat, oats and corn, and valuable coal and iron. The surface is hilly. Car- rollton is its county seat. At Harlem is a celebrated chalybeate spring. Clark County Avas formed March 1, 1817, from Champaign, Madison and Greene. Its second settlement was at Kreb's Station, in 1796. It is highly culti- vated, well watered and very fertile. The Mad River, Buck and Beaver Creeks furnish abundant water-power. It produces principally wheat, corn and oats. Tecumseh, the old Indian warrior, was born at the ancient Indian vil- lage of Piqua, on the Mad River, on the site of New Boston. Piqua waa 140 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. destroyed by Gen. George Rogers Clarke. Skeletons, beads, gun barrels, tomahawks, kettles, etc., have been found in the vicinity. Springfield, the county seat, is situated on the National road. It has con- venient transportation facilities, is handsomely laid out, and is noted for its cultured citizens. It is near Mad River, and Buck Creek runs through it. Clinton County was formed in 1810. It produces chiefly wheat, oats, wool and pork. Its surface is undulating, in some parts hilly, and the soil fer- tile. Its streams furnish desirable water-power. The county was settled in 1798-99. Wilmington i.-s the county seat, and was laid out in 1810. The first log house was built by William Hobsin. Clermont County Avas the eighth formed in the Northwest Territory, by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, December 9, 1800. The soil is exceedingly rich, aTid the surface is broken and, near the Ohio, hilly. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, j)otatocs, tobacco, .barley, buckwheat and rye form the main crops, while beef, pork, flour, hay and whisky constitute its main exports. Its streams furnish good water-power. Batavia, its county seat, is situated on the Little Miami Rivei', and was laid out in 1820, by George Ely. • Columbiana County was formed March 25, 1803, from Jefferson and Wash- ington. Its soil is very fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and potatoes. It is wealthy in mineral deposits, coal, iron ore, lime and freestone being abun- dant. Its water-lime stone is of superior quality. Salt water is found on Yel- low and Beaver Creeks. This is also the great wool-producing county of the State. It was settled in 1797. New Lisbon, its county seat, is well built. The first paper-mill in Ohio was erected in this county, on Little Beaver Creek, by John Coulter and John Bever. Coshocton County was organized April 1, 1811. Its principal products are wheat, corn, oats and wool. Hills and valleys alternate along the Muskingum River. Abrupt changes are strongly marked — a rich alluvum being overhung by a red bush hill, while directly beside it may be seen the poplar and sugar tree. Coal and iron ore add to its general importance, while salt wells have proven remunerative. Coshocton, the county seat, is built on four wide, natural terraces, at the junction of the Tuscarawas with the Walhonding. ^Cuyahoga County Avas formed June 7, 1807, from Geauga. Near the lake, the soil is sandy, while a clayey loam may be found elsewhere. The valleys near the streams produce wheat, barley and hay. Fruit is successfully grown, and cheese, butter, beef and wool are largely exported. Bog iron is found in the western part, and fine grindstone quarries are in operation. The sandstone from these quarries is now an important article of eonnnerce. As early as 1775, there Avas a French settlement Avithin the boundaries of Cuyahoga. In 1786, a Moravian missionary came to the present site of Cleveland, and set- tled in an abandoned village of the OttaAvas. Circumstances prevented a HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. ' 1-11 permanent settlement, and the British tacitly took possession, even remaining upon tlie lake shores after the Revolution. The first permanent settlement was made at Cleveland in 1796. Mr. Job v.. Stiles and family and Edward Paine passed the first winter there, their log cabin standing where the Commercial Bank is now located. Rodolphus Edwards and Nathaniel Doane settled here. The town was, in 1813, a depot of supplies and a rendezvous for troops engaged in the war. Cleveland, the county seat, is situated at the northern termination of the Ohio Canal, on the lake shore. In 1814, it was incorporated as a village, and in 1836, as a city. Its elevation is about a hundred feet above the lake. It is a lovely city, and has one of the best harbors on Lake Erie. Ohio City is another important town, nearly opposite Cleveland, on the Cuyahoga. It was incorporated in 1836. Crawford County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. The entire county is adapted to grazing. The soil is generally composed of rich vegetable loam, and in some parts the subsoil is clay mixed with lime. Rich beds of shell marl have been discovered. It produces wheat, corn, oats, clover, timothy seed, wool and cattle. Fine limestone quarries are worked with success. Bucyrus is the county seat, and was laid out February 11, 1822, by Samuel Norton and James Kilbourn, original owners of the land. The first settler in the town proper was Samuel Norton. A gas well has been dug in Bucyrus, on the land of R. W. Musgrove, which burns in a brilliant light when con- ducted to the surfiice by means of pipes. Crawford's Sulphur Springs are located nine miles from Bucyrus. The water is impregnated with sulphuretted hydrogen. It deposits a reddish-purple sediment. In its nature the water is a cathartic, and is diuretic and diaphoretic in its effects. A few rods away is a burning spring. The Annapolis Sulphur Spring is clear and has gained consid- erable fame by its curative qualities. Opposite Bucyrus is a chalybeate spring of tonic qualities. There are some beds of peat in the county, the most extensive one being a wet prairie called Cranberry Marsh, containing nearly 2,000 acres. DarkQ County was organized in March, 1817, from Miami County. It is abundantly timbered with poplar, walnut, blue ash, hickory, beech and sugar maple. It yields superior wheat, and is well adapted to grazing. In this county occurred the lamentable defeat of St. Clair, and the treaty of Greenville. Greenville is the county seat, and was laid out August 10, 1808, by Robert Gray and John Dover In December, 1793, Wayne built Fort Greenville on this spot, which covered about the same extent as the present town. Delaware County was formed February 10, 1808, from Franklin. It pro- duces mainly wheat, corn, oats, pork and wool. Delaware is the county seat, and was laid out in the spring of 1808, by Moses Byxbe. The Delaware Spring in the village is of the white sulphur or 142 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. cold hydro-sulphurous nature, valuable for medicinal qualities in cases of bilious derangements, dyspepsia, scrofulous affections, etc. Defiance County was inaugurated March 4, 1845, from Williams, Henry and Paulding. The Maumee, TiflSn and Auglaize flow through it. The Black Swamp covers much of its area. Defiance, the county seat, is situated on the Maumee. It was laid out in 1822, by B. Level and H. Phillips. A large Indian settlement occupied its gite in very early times. Wayne arrived here August 8, 1794, captured the place, finding about one thousand acres of corn, peach and apple orchards, and vegetables of all varieties. Here he built Fort Defiance. Erie County was formed in 1838, from Huron and Sandusky. The soil is alluvial, and yields large crops of wheat, corn, oats and potatoes. It possesses inexhaustable quarries of limestone and freestone. Immense quantities of bog iron are also found. The Erie tribe is said to have once occupied the land, and were extirpated by the Iroquois. As early as 1754, the French had built set- tlements. In 1764, the county was besieged. Pontiac came here with warlike demonstrations, but made peace with the whites. Erie was included in the "fire lands" of the Western Reserve. Sandusky City is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817, then termed Portland. At that time it contained two log huts. The town is finely situated, and is based upon an inexhaustible quarry of the finest limestone. In the "patriot war" with the Canadians, this city was the rendezvous for the "patriots." Franklin County was formed April 30, 1803, from Ross. It contains much low wet land, and is better adapted to grazing than agricultural purposes. It was in early times occupied by the Wyandot Indians. Its first white set- tlement was made in 1797, by Robert Armstrong and others. Franklinton was laid out in 1797, by Lucas Sullivan. Worthington was settled by the Scioto Company in 1801. Col. Kilbourn, Avho was interested in the work, constructed the first map of Ohio during his explorations, by uniting sectional diagrams. Columbus, the capital of the State of Ohio, is also the county seat of Franklin County. After the organization of a State government, the capital was "portable" until 1816. In 1810, the sessions were held at Chillicothe, in 1811 and 1812 at Zanesville, removing again to Chillicothe, and, in 1816, being located at Columbus. The town was laid out during the spring of 1812. A penitentiary was erected in 1813, and the State House was built in 1814. It was incorporated as "the borough of Columbus," February 10, 1816. The city charter was granted March 3, 1834. It is beautifully located on the east bank of the Scioto. The Columbus Institute is a classical institution. A female and a theological seminary also add to its educational advantages. The Ohio Lunatic Asylum is also located here — also the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. East of the HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 143 State House is the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb. Fairfield County was formed by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, December 9, 1800. The soil is varied, being in some parts exceedingly rich, and in others very sterile. It produces principally wheat, corn, rye, oats, buckwheat, barley, potatoes and tobacco. Lancaster is the county seat, laid out by Ebenezer Zane in 1800. In 1797, he opened the road known as "Zane's Trace," from Wheeling to Limestone — now Maysville. It passed through Lancaster, at a fording about three hundred yards below the present turnpike bridge. Near the turn stands an imposing eminance called " Standing Stone." Parties of pleasure frequently visit this spot. Fayette County was formed from Ross and Highland in 1810. Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs, sheep and avooI comprise its main productions. " The bar- rens ' ' are situated in the northeastern part. This tract is covered by a growth of grass. Washington is its county seat, laid out in 1810. Col. Stewart was active in the interests of this section, and his memory is sacredly revered. Jesse Milliken was prominent in public affairs. Fulton County, bordering on Michigan, was organized in 1850. It is drained by Bean Creek and other small affluents of the Maumee River. The surface is nearly level, and a large part of it is covered with forests of ash, beech, elm, hickory, white oak, black walnut, etc., furnishing excellent timber. The soil is fertile. Wheat, corn, oats and hay are the staple products. Wau- seon is the county seat. Guernsey County was organized in March, 1810. Wool is a staple prod- uct, together with beef, horses and swine. It produces wheat, corn and oats. Cambridge is the county seat and was laid out in June, 1806. Mr. Graham was the first settler on the site of the town, and his was the only dwelling between Lancaster and Wheeling. The first cannel coal found in the county was discovered near Mill's Creek. Greene County was formed May 1, 1803, from Hamilton and Ross. It produces wheat, corn, rye, grass-seed, oats, barley, sheep and swine. The streams furnish good water-power. There are five limestone quarries, and a marble quarry of variegated colors. The Shawnee town was on the Little Miami, and was visited by Capt. Thomas Bullit in 1773. When Daniel Boone Avas captured in 1778, he was brought to this town, and escaped the followino- year. Gen. Clarke invaded this county and the Indians reduced the town to ashes. Xenia, the county seat, was laid oif in the forest in 1803, by Joseph C. Vance. The first cabin was erected in April, 1804, by John Marshall. The Rev. James Fowler built the first hewed-log cabin. David A. Sanders built the first frame house. Nine miles north of the town, on the Little Miami River, are the Yellow Springs, which are impregnated with sulphur. 144 IIISTOUY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Geauga County was formed iu 1805 from Trumbull. It exports sheep, cattle, butter and cheese. It is situated at the liead of Chargrine, Cuyahoga and a part of Grand Kivers, on high ground, and is subjected to snowstorms more frequently than any other part of the Reserve. Its first settlement was made in 1708, at Burton. Chardon is fourteen miles from Lake Erie, and is GOO feet above it. It was laid out as the county seat in 1808. Gallia County was formed April 30, 180-), from Washington. Its princi- pal crops are wheat, corn, oats and beans. The surface is generally broken. Its first settlement was made in 1791, by a French colony, at Gallipolis. This colony was sent out under the auspices of the Scioto Company. This town is now the county seat. Hamilton County was the second established in the Northwestern Territory by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, January 2, 1790. Its surface is gen- erally rolling. It produces the ordinary firm products, and a great variety of fruits and vegetables for the Cincinnati market. Vineyards thrive well within its limits, and tlio manufacture of wine is carried on to a considerable extent. This county was the second settled in Ohio, and the first within the Symmes purchase. Settlers arrived at the spot now occupied by Cincinnati, and three or four log cabins were erected. Gen. Arthur St. Clair arrived here in Janu- ary, 1790. The army of Wayne encamped here later, at Fort Washington. Mr. Maxwell established in 1793 the Sentinel of the Northwestern Territory, the first newspaper printed north of the Ohio River. In 1796, Edward Free- man became its proprietor, and changed the name to Freeman's Journal. January 11, 1794, two keel-boats sailed from Cincinnati to Pittsburgh, making regular trips every four weeks. In 1801, the first sea vessel built at Mari- etta came down the Ohio. Cincinnati, the county seat, was incorporated January 2, 1802. It was char- tered as a city in 1819. The city is beautifully laid out and delightfully situ- ated. Its public buildings are elegant and substantial, including the court house and many literary and charitable institutions. The Cincinnati College was founded in 1819. It stands in the center of the city. It is built in Grecian-Doric style, with pilaster fronts and facade of Dayton marble. Woodward College is also popular. The Catholics have founded the St. Xavier's College. Lane Seminary, a theological institution, is at Walnut Hills, two miles from the center of the city. It h;us over 10,000 volumes in its libraries. No charge is made for tuition. Rooms are provided and furnished at $5 per year, and board ranges from 62| cents to 90 cents a week. The Cincinnati Law School is connected with Cin- cinnati College. The Mechanics' Institute was chartered in 1828, and is in all respects well supplied with apparatus. A college for teachers was established in 1831, its object being to perfect those contemplating entering that profession in their studies and system. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 145 The Cincirmuti Orphuri yisylum is an elegant building, and has a library and well-organized school attached. The Catholics of the city have one male and female orphan asylum. The Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio was incorporated in 1821. Cincinnati is a large manufacturing city, and possesses fme water-power facilities. It communicates with the world by means of its canal, river, turnpikes, and railways. North Bend is another prominent town in this county, having been the residence of Gen. William H. Harrison, and the site of his burial place. The town was of considerable importance in the early settlement of the State. About tliirty yards from Harrison's tomb is the grave of Judge Symmes. Hancock County was formed April 1, 1820. It produces wheat, oats, corn, pork and maple sugar. The surface is level and its soil is fertile. Blanchard's Fork waters the central and southern part of tiie county. Findlay, the county seat, was laid out by ex-Gov. Joseph Vance and Elnathan Corry, in 1821. It was relaid in 1829. William Vance settled there in the fall of 1821. At the south end of the town, are two gas wells. In the eastern part, is a mineral spring, and west of the bridge, is a chalybeate spring. Hardin County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. It produces, principalh% wheat, corn and swine. A portion of the surface is level, and the remainder undulating. Fort McArthur was built on the Scioto River, but proved a weak stockade. Kenton is the county seat, situated on the Scioto River. Harrison County was formed from Jefferson and Tuscarawas January 1, 1814. The surface is hilly, abounding in coal and limestone. Its soil is clayey. It is one of the important wool-growing counties in Ohio. It produces large quantities of wheat, corn, oats and hay, besides a considerable number of horses, cattle and swine. In April, 1799, Alexander Henderson and family settled in this county, and at the same time, Daniel Peterson and his family resided at the forks of Short Creek. The early settlers were much annoyed by Indians and wild beasts. C-idiz is the county seat, and was laid out in 1803 and 1804, by Messrs. Briggs and Beatty. Henry County Was formed from the old Indian Territory, April 1, 1820. Indian corn, oats, potatoes, and maple sugar constitute the main products. The county is well supplied with running streams, and the soil is unusually rich. The greater portion of this county is covered by the " Black Swamp." Throughout this swamp are ridges of limestone, covered with black walnut, red elm, butternut and maple. The soil is superior for grain. Fruit thrives and all varieties of vegetables are produced in large quantities. Simon Girty, noto- rious for his wicked career, resided in this county. Girty led the attack on Fort Henry, in September, 1777. He demanded the surrender of the fort, and menaced its inmates with an Indian massacre, in case of refusal. The 146 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. action began, but the fort gained the victory. He led a ferocious band of Indi- ans, and committed the most fiendish atrocities. Napoleon, the county seat, is situated on the Maumee River. Highland County was formed in May, 1805, from Ross, Adams and Cler- mont. It is a wealthy, productive county. Its wheat commands a high mar- ket price. The crops consist of wheat, corn, oats, maple sugar, wool, swine and cattle. Its first settlement began in 1801, at New Market, by Oliver Ross, Robert Keeston, George W. Barrere, Bernard Weyer and others. Simon Ken- ton made a trace through this county in early times. Ilillsboro is the county seat, and was laid out in 1807, by David Hays, on the land of Benja- min Ellicott. It is situated on the dividing ridge, between the Miami and Sci- oto. The Ilillsboro Academy was founded in 1827. Hocking County was formed March 1, 1818, from Ross, Athens and Fair- field. Its principal products are corn, wheat, tobacco and maple sugar. Its surface is broken and hilly, but is level and fertile beside the streams. The Wyandots once occupied this tract, and built a large town herein. In 1798, a few white families ventured to settle. Logan is its county seat, and is situated on the Hocking River. Holmes County was formed from Coshocton, Tuscarawas and Wayne, Janu- ary 20, 1824. It produces wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, maple sugar, swine, sheep and cattle. The southwestern portion is broken. Thomas Butler was the first settler, in 1810. Millersburg is the county seat, and was laid out in 1830. Huron County was organized in 1815. It produces hay, wheat, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, flaxseed, potatoes, butter, cheese, wool and swine. Nor- walk is the county seat. Jackson County was organized March, 1816. The country is rich in min- erals and abounds in coal and iron ore. The exports are cattle, wool, swine, horses, lumber, millstones, tobacco and iron. Jackson, the county seat, was laid out in 1817. The old Scioto salt-works were among the first worked in Ohio by the whites. Prior to this period, the Indians came some distance to this section to make salt. When Daniel Boone was a prisoner, he spent some time at these works. Jefferson County was proclaimed by Gov. St. Clair July 29, 1797, and was the fifth county established in Ohio. It is one of the most important manufacturing counties in the State. Its resources in coal are also extended. The surface is hilly and the soil fertile, producing wheat, corn and oats. The old "Mingo" town was on the present fiirms of Jeremiah Hallock and Mr. Daniel Potter. The troops of Col. Williamson rendezvoused at this point, when they set out in their cruel Moravian campaign, and also the troops of Col. Crawford, when they started on the campaign against the Sandusky Indians. Here Logan, the powerful and manly chief of the Mingo nation, once resided. He took no active part in the old French war, which closed in HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 147 1760, except that of a peacemaker. He was a stanch friend of the whites until the abominable and unprovoked murder of his father, brother and sister, which occurred in 1774, near the Yellow Creek. He then raised the battle cry and sought revenge. However, Logan was remarkably magnanimous toward prisoners who fell into his hands. The year 1793 was the last spent in Indian warfare in Jeffer- son County. Fort Steuben was erected on the present site of Steuben ville, the county seat, in 1789. It was constructed of block-houses, with palisade fences, and was dis- mantled during Wayne's campaign. Bezaleel Wells and Hon. James Ross laid the town out in 1798. It was incorporated February 14, 1805. It is situated upon an elevated plain. In 1814, Messrs. Wells and Dickerson built a woolen manufactory, and introduced merino sheep to the county. Knox County was formed March 1, 1808, from Fairfield. It is drained by the Vernon River. It produces wheat, corn, oats, tobacco, maple sugar, pota- toes and wool. Mount Vernon was laid out in 1805. The early settlers found two wells on the Vernon River, built of hammered stone, neatly laid, and near by was a salt-lick. Their direct origin remains a mystery. Gilman Bryant, in 1807, opened the first store in Mount Vernon. The court house was built in 1810. The Indians came to Mount Vernon in large numbers for the pur- pose of trading in 'furs and cranberries. Each Saturday, the settlers worked on the streets, extracting stumps and improving the highway. The first settler north of the place was N. M. Young, who built his cabin in 1803. Mount Vernon is now the county seat, beautifully situated on Vernon River. Kenyon College is located at Gambler. It is richly endowed with 8,000 acres, and is valued at $100,000. This institution was established under the auspices of Bishop Chase, in July, 182G, in the center of a 4,000-acre tract belonging to Kenyon College. It was chartered as a theological seminary. Lucas County is of comparatively recent origin. A large portion is covered by the "Black Swamp." It produces corn, wheat, potatoes and oats. This county is situated in the Maumee Valley, which was the great arena of histori- cal events. The frightful battle of Wayne's campaign, where the Indians found the British to be traitors, was fought near Fort Miami, in this county. Maumee City, the county seat, was laid out in 1817, as Maumee, by Maj. William Oliver and others. It is situated on the Maumee, at the head of navigation. The surface is 100 feet above the water level. This town, with Perrysburg, its neighbor, is exceedingly picturesque, and was in early times frequented by the Indians. The French had a trading station at this point, in 1680, and in 1794, the Brit- ish Fort — Miami — was built. Toledo is on the left bank of the Maumee, and covers the site of a stockade fort, known as Fort Industry, erected in 1800. An Indian treaty was held here July 4, 1805, by which the Indians relinquished all rights to the " fire lands." In 1832, Capt. Samuel Allen gave an impetus to the place, and Maj. Stickney also became interested in its advancement. 148 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Speculation in lots began in 1834. The Wabash & Erie Canal interest arose in 1836, Mr. Mason and Edward Bissel added their energies to assist the growth of the town. It was incorporated as a city in 1836. It was the center of the military operations in the " Ohio and Michigan Avar," known as the ''boundary conflict." The Ordinance of 1787 provided for the division of the Northwestern Terri- tory into three or five States. The three southern were to be divided from the two northern by a line drawn east and west through the southern point of Lake Michigan, extending eastward to the Territorial line in Lake Erie. The consti- tution of Ohio adds a provision that if the line should not go so far north as the north cape of Maumee Bay, then' the northern boundary of Ohio should be a line drawn from the southerly part of Lake Michigan to the north cape of the Maumee Bay. The line of the ordinance was impossible, according to its instructions and the geography of the country. When Michigan became a Territory, the people living between the " Fulton " and '• Harris " lines found it more to their wishes to be attached to Michigan. They occupied disputed ground, and were thus beyond the limits of absolute law. In 1835, the subject was greatly agitated, and J. Q. Adams made a warm speech before Congress against the Ohio claim. The Legislature of Ohio dis- cussed the matter, and an act was passed to attach the disputed section to Ohio, according to the constitutional decree. An active campaign opened between Michigan and Ohio. Gov, Lucas came out with the Ohio troops, in the spring of 1835, and Gov. Mason, of Michigan, followed the example. He marched into Toledo, robbed melon-patches and chicken-houses, crushed in the front door of Maj. Stickney's house, and carried him away prisoner of war. Embas- sadors were sent from Washington to negotiate matters — Richard Rush, of Penn- sylvania and Col. Howard, of Maryland. At the next session of Congress, the matter was settled. Samuel Vinton argued for Ohio, in the House, and Thomas Ewing in the Senate. Michigan received an equivalent of the large peninsula between Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior. Ohio received the disputed strip, averaging eight miles in width. Manhattan, Waterville and Providence are all flourishing tow^ns. Lorain County was formed from Huron, Cuyahoga and Medina, on Decem- ber 26, 1822. The soil is generally fertile, and the surface level. Wheat, grass, oats, corn, rye and potatoes constitute the principal crops. Bog-iron ore is found in large quantities. A curious relic has been found in this county, bear- ing the date of 1533. Elyria is the county seat, and was laid out in 1817. The first settler was Mr. Heman Ely. Oberlin is situated about eight miles southwest of Elyria. The Oberlin Collegiate Institute has attained a wide celebrity. Logan County was formed March 1, 1817. The surface is broken and hilly near the Mad River, but is generally level. The soil is fertile, producing HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO 149 wheat, corn, rye, oats, clover, llax and timothy seed. The Shawnee Indians Avere located here, and built several villages on the Mad River. These towns were destroyed in 1786, by a body of Kentuckians, under Gen. Benjamin Logan. The whites surprised the towns. However, they returned after the work of destruction had been completed, and for many years frequented the section. On the site of Zanes field was a Wyandot village. By the treaty of September 29, 1817, the Senecas and Shawnees held a reservation around Lewistown. April 6, 1832, they vacated this right and removed west. Isaac Zane was born about the year 1753, and was, while a boy, captured and after- ward adopted by the Wyandots. Attaining the age of manhood, he had no desire to return to his people. He married a Wyandot woman, who was half French. After the treaty of Greenville, he bought 1,800 acres on the site of Zanesville, where he lived until the year 1816, when he died, lamented by all his friends. Logan County was settled about the year 1806. During the war of 1812, it was a rendezvous for friendly Indians. Bellefontaine, the county seat, was laid out March 18, 1820, on land owned by John Tulles and William Powell. Joseph Gordon built a cabin, and Anthony Ballard erected the first frame dwelling. Gen. Simon Kenton is buried at the head of Mad River, five miles from Bellefontaine. He died April 29, 1836, aged eighty-one years and twenty-six days. This remarkable man came West, to Kentucky, in 1771. He probably encountered more thrilling escapes than any other man of his time. In 1778, he was captured and suffered extreme cruelties, and was ransomed by the British. He soon recovered his robust health, and escaped from Detroit the following spring. He settled in Urbana in 1802. He was elected Brigadier General of the militia, and in the war of 1812, joined Gen. Harrison's army. In the year . 1820, he removed to Mad River. Gen. Vance and Judge Burnet secured him a pension, of $20 per month Licking County was formed from Fairfield March 1, 1808. The surface is generally level, diversified by slight hills in the eastern portion. The soil is fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and grass. Coal and iron ore of good quality add to the wealth of the county. Wool and dairy productions are also staples. Newark is the county seat, and is situated at the confluence of the three prmcipal branches of the Licking. It was laid out by Gen. William C. Schenk, George W. Burnet and John M. Cummings, who owned this military section of 4,000 acres, in 1801. In 1802, Samuel Elliott and Samuel Parr built hewed-log houses. The picturesque "Narrows of the Licking " are in the eastern part of the county, which have elicited general praise from scenic hunters. Lawrence County was organized March 1, 1816. There are many high and abrupt hills in this section, which abound in sand or freestone. It is rich in minerals, and the most important section of Ohio for iron manufacture. 150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Coal is abundant, and white clay exists in the western part suitable for pot- tery purposes. Agricultural productions are not extensive. The county was settled in 1797 by the Dutch and Irish. The iron region extends through the west part of this county. Lawrence County produces a superior quality of iron, highly esteemed for castings, and is equal to Scotch pig for furnace purposes. Burlington is the county seat. Lake County was formed from Geauga and Cuyahoga March 6, 1840. The soil is good and the surface rolling. It produces wheat, corn, oats, buckwheat, barley, hay and potatoes. Dairy products, cattle and wool are also staples. Its fruits — apples, peaches, pears, plums and grapes are highly prized. As early as 1799, a settlement was formed at Mentor. Painesville, the county seat, is situated on Grand River, in a beautiful valley. The Painesville Acad- emy is a classical institution for the education of both sexes. Near the town is the Geauga furnace. Painesville was laid out by Henry Champion in 1805. At Fairport, the first warehouse in this section, and probably the first on the lake, was built by Abraham Skinner in 1803. This town has a fine harbor, and has a light-house and beacon. Kirtland, southwest from Painesville, was, in 1834, the headquarters of the Mormons. At that time, they numbered about three thousand. The old Mormon temple is of rough stone, plastered over, colored blue, and marked to imitate regular courses of masonry. As is well known, the Mormons derive their name from the book of Mormon, said to have been translated from gold plates found in a hill in Palmyra, N. Y. Madison County was organized in March, 1810. The surface is generally level. It produces grass, corn, oats and cattle — the latter forming a chief staple, while wool and pork add to the general wealth. Jonathan Alder was much interested in the settlement of the county. He, like home other whites, had lived with the Indians many years, and had formed a lasting affection for them, and had married a squaw, with whom he became dissatisfied, which caused him to desire finding his own family. He suc- ceeded in this through the assistance of John Moore. He left his wife and joined his people. This county was first settled in 1795. Benjamin Springer made a clearing and built a cabin. He settled near Alder, and taught him the English lan- guage. Mr. Joshua Ewing brought four sheep to this place, and the Indians exhibited great astonishment over these strange animals. When the hostilities of 1812 began, the British offered inducements to the Indians to join them, and they consulted Alder regarding the best policy to adopt. He advised them to preserve neutrality until a later period, which they did, and eventually became firm friends of the Americans. London is the county seat, and was laid out in 1810-11, by Patrick McLene. Marion County was organized March 1, 1824. The soil is fertile, and pro- duces extensive farm crops. The Delaware Indians once held a reservation here, and conceded their claims in 1829, August 3, and removed west of the Er.) b/ E O^AT.IIiams 4 Br-, N ^-^TTTIh^ ^ ^ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 153 Mississippi. Marion, the county seat, was laid out in 1821, by Eber Baker and Alexander Holmes. Gen. Harrison marched through this section during his campaign. Mahoning County was formed in 1846, from Trumbull and Columbiana. The surface is rolling and the soil generally fertile. The finer qualities of wood are produced here. Bituminous coal and iron are found in large quantities. Col. James Hillman came to the Western Reserve in 1786. The settlement of the county Avent forward. Canfield is the county seat. Medina County was formed from the Western Reserve February 12, 1812. The surface is rolling and the soil is fertile, producing fine agricultural prod- ucts. The first trail made through the county was made by George Poe, Joseph H. Larwell and Roswell M. Mason. The first settlement was made by Joseph Harris in 1811. He was soon joined by the Burr brothers. Me- dina is the county seat. Meigs County was formed from Gallia and Athens April 1, 1819. The general character of the soil is clayey, producing large quantities of wheat, oats, corn, hay and potatoes. Yast quantities of salt are made and exported. Pom- eroy, the county seat, is situated under a lofty hill, surrounded by picturesque scenery. Mr. Nathaniel Clark was the first settler of the county. He arrived in 1816. The first coal mine opened in Pomeroy was in 1819, by David Bradshaw. Mercer County was formed from the Indian Territory in 1820. The sur- face is generally flat, and while covered with forests, inclined to be wet ; but, being cleared, it is very fertile, and adapted to producing farm crops. St. Clair's Battle was fought on the boundary line between this and Darke County. The Hon. Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur made a treaty at St. Mary's with the Wyandots, Shawnees and Ottawas, in 1818. The odious Simon Girty lived at one time at St. Mary's. Wayne built St. Mary's Fort, on the west bank of the river. John Whistler was the last commander of the fort. The largest artificial lake in the world, so it is asserted, is formed by the reservoir sup- plying the St. Mary's feeder of the Miami Extension Canal. It is about nine miles long, and from two to four broad. Celina is the county seat. Miami County Avas formed January 16, 1807, from Montgomery. It abounds in excellent limestone, and possesses remarkable water-power facilities. Its agri- cultural products rank highly in quality and quantity. John Knoop came into this section about the year 1797, and its first settlement began about this time. Troy, the county seat, is situated upon the Great Miami. Piqua is another lovely town. The Miami River affords delightful scenery at this point. Monroe County was formed January 29, 1813, from Belmont, Washington, and Guernsey. A portion of its surface is abrupt and hilly. Large quantities of tobacco are raised, and much pork is exported. Wheat and corn grow well in the western portion. Iron ore and coal abound. The valleys of the streams are very narrow, bounded by rough hills. In some places are natural rock grottoes. The first settlement was made in 1799, near the mouth of the Sunfish. 154 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. At this time, wolves were numerous, and caused much alarm. Yolney entered this county, but was not prepossessed in its favor. One township is settled by the Swiss, who are educated and refined. Woodsfield is the county seat. Montgomery County was formed from Ross and Hamilton May 1, 1803. The soil is fertile, and its agricultural products are most excellent. Quarries of grayish-white limestone are found east of the Miami. Dayton is the county seat, situated on the Great Miami, at the mouth of Mad River. A company was formed in 1788, but Indian wars prevented settlement. After Wayne's treaty, in 1795, a new company was formed. It advanced rapidly between the years 1812 and 1820. The beginning of the Miami Canal renewed its prosperity, in 1827. The first canal-boat from Cincinnati arrived at Dayton on the 25th of January, 1829. The first one arrived from Lake Erie in June, 1845. Col. Robert Patterson came to Dayton in 1804. At one time, he owned Lexington, Ky., and about one third of Cincinnati. Morgan County was organized in 1818, March 1. The surface is hilly and the soil strong and fertile, producing wheat, corn, oats and tobacco. Pork is a prolific product, and considerable salt is made. The first settlement was made in 1790, on the Muskingum. McConnelsville is the county seat. Mr. Ayres made the first attempt to produce salt, in 1817. . This has developed into a large industry. Morrow County was organized in 1848. It is drained by the Vernon River, which rises in it, by the East Branch of the Olontangy or Whetstone River, and by Walnut Creek. The surface is undulating, the soil fertile. The staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, wool and butter. The sugar maple abounds in the forests, and sandstone or freestone in the quarries. Mount Gilead, the county seat, is situated on the East Branch of the Olen- tangy River. Muskingum County was formed from Washington and Fairfield. The sur- face is rolling or hilly. It produces Avheat, corn, oats, potatoes, tobacco, wool and pork. Large quantities of bituminous coal are found. Pipe clay, buhr- stone or cellular quartz are also in some portions of the State. Salt is made in large quantities — the fine being obtained from a stratum of whitish sandstone. The Wyandots, Delawares, Senecas and Shawanoese Indians once inhabited this section. An Indian town occupied the site of Duncan's Falls. A large Shawan- oese town was located near Dresden. Zanesyille is the county seat, situated opposite the mouth of the Licking. It was laid out in 1799, by Mr. Zane and Mr. Mclntire. This is one of the principal towns in the State, and is surrounded by charming scenery. Noble County, organized in 1851, is drained by Seneca, Duck and Wills Creeks. The surface is undulating, and a large part of it is covered with for- ests. The soil is fertile. Its staples are corn, tobacco, wheat, hay. oats and wool. Among its mineral resources are limestone, coal and petroleum. Near Caldwell, the county seat, are found iron ore, coal and salt. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 155 Ottawa County was formed from Erie, Sandusky and Lucas, March G, 1840, It is mostly within the Black Swamp, and considerable of its land is prairie and marsh. It was very thinly settled befere 1830. Extensive plaster beds exist on the peninsula, which extends into Lake Erie. It has also large limestone quarries, which are extensively worked. The very first trial at arms upon the soil of Ohio, during the Avar of 1812, occurred upon this peninsula. Port Clin- ton, the county seat, was laid out in 1827. Perry County was formed from Washington, Fairfield and Muskingum, March 1, 1817. Fine tobacco is raised in large quantities. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, cattle, pork and wool add to the general wealth. This county was first set- tled in 1801. First settler was Christian Binckley, who built the first cabin in the county, about five miles west of Somerset, near the present county line. New Lexington is now the county seat. Paulding County was formed from old Indian territory August 1, 1820. It produces corn, wheat and oats. Paulding is the county seat. Pickaway County was formed from Fairfield, Ross and Franklin, January 12, 1810. The county has woodland, barren, plain and prairie. The barrens were covered by shrub oaks, and when cleared are adapted to the raising of corn and oats. The Pickaway plains are three and a half miles west of Circleville, and this tract is said to contain the richest land in Ohio. Here, in the olden times, burned the great council fires of the red man. Here the allied tribes met Gen. Lewis, who fought the battle of Point Pleasant. Dunmore's campaign was terminated on these plains. It was at the Chillicothe towns, after Dun- more's treaty, that Logan delivered his famous speech. Circleville, the county seat, is situated on the Scioto River and the Ohio Canal. It was laid out in 1810, by Daniel Dresbach. It is situated on the site of ancient fortifications. Portage County was formed June 7, 1807, from Trumbull. It is a wealthy, thriving section. Over a thousand tons of cheese are annually produced. It also produces Avheat, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, rye, butter and wool. Ravenna is the county seat, and was originally settled by the Hon. Benjamin Tappen in June, 1799. In 180G, an unpleasant difficulty arose between the settlers and a camp of Indians in Deerfield, caused by a horse trade between a white man and an Indian. David Daniels settled on the site of Palmyra in 1799. Pike County was organized in 1815. The surface is generally hilly, which abound with freestone, Avhich is exported in large quantities for building pur- poses. Rich bottom lands extend along the Scioto and its tributaries. John Noland and the three Chenoweth brothers settled on the Pee Pee prairie about 1796. Piketown, the former county seat, was laid out about 1814. Waverly, the present county seat, is situated on the Scioto River. Preble County was formed March 1, 1808, from JNIontgomery and Butler. The soil is varied. Excellent water-power facilities are furnished. Eaton, the county seat, was laid out in 1806, by William Bruce, who owned the land. An overflowing well of strong sulphur water is near the town, while directly beside it is a limestone quarry. Holderman's quarry is about two 156 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. miles distant, from which is obtained a beautifully clouded gray stone. Fort St. Clair was built near Eaton, in the winter of 1791-92. Gen. Harrison was an En- :sign at the time, and commanded a guard every other night for tliree weeks, during -the building. The severe battle of November 6, 1792, was fought under its very ^uns. Little Turtle, a distinguished chief of the Miamis, roamed over this county for a time. He was witty, brave and earnest, and, although engaged in several severe contests with the whites, he was inclined toward peace. But when his i^varriors cried for war he led them bravely. Putnam County w^as formed April 1, 1820, from old Indian territory. The soil is fertile, its principal productions being wheat, corn, potatoes and oats. Large quantities of pork are exported. Kalida, once the county seat, was laid out in 1834. Ottawa is the county seat. Ross County was formed August 20, 1798, by the proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, and was the sixth county formed in the Northwestern Territory. The Scioto River and Paint- Creek run through it, bordered Avitli fertile lands. Much water-power is obtained from the many streams Avatering it. The main crops are Avheat, corn and oats. It exports cattle and hogs. The Rev. Robert W. Finley, in 1794, addressed a letter of inquiry to Col. IS^athaniel Massie, as many of his associates had designed settling in the new State. This resulted in packing their several effects and setting out. A triv- ial Indian encounter was the only interruption they nu-t with on their w^ay. After AVayne's treaty. Col. Massie and many of these early explorers met aftrain and formed a settlement — in 1796 — at the mouth of Paint Creek. In CD August of this year, Chillicothe was laid out by Col. Massie, in a dense forest. He donated lots to the early settlers. A ferry was established over the Scioto, and the opening of Zane's trace assisted the progress of settlement. Chillicothe, the county seat, is situated on the Scioto. Its site is thirty feet above the river. In 1800, it was the seat of the Northwestern Territorial Government. It was incorporated as a city in January, 1802. During the war of 1812, the city Avas a rendezvous for the United States troops. A large num- ber of British were at one time guarded here. Adena is a beautiful place, and the seat of Gov. Worthington's mansion, which was built in 1806. Near this is Fruit Hill, the residence of the late Gen. McArthur, and latterly the home of his son-in-laAv, the Hon. William Allen. Eleven miles from Chillicothe, on the road to Portsmouth, is the home of the hermit of the Scioto. Richland was organized March 1, 1813. It produces wheat, corn, oats, hay, potatoes, rye, hemp and barley. It Avas settled about 1809, on branches of the Mohican. Tavo block-houses Avere built in 1812. Mansfield, the county seat, is charmingly situated, and was laid out in 1808, by Jacob Newman, James Hedges and Joseph H. LarAvell. The county w^as at that period a A^ast Avilder- ness, destitute of roads. From this year, the settlement progressed rapidly. Sandusky County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian Territory. The soil is fertile, and country generally level. It mainly produces corn, Avheat, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 15T oats, potatoes and pork. The Indians were especially delighted with this tract. Near Lower Sandusky lived a band of Wyandots, called the Neutral Nation. These two cities never failed to render refuge to any who sought their protec- tion. They preserved their peacemaking attributes through the Iroquois conflicts. Fremont, formerly called Lower Sandusky, the county seat, is situated at the head of navigation, on the Sandusky, on the site of the old reservation grant to the Indians, at the Greenville treaty council. Fort Stephenson was erected in August, 1813, and was gallantly defended by CoL Croghan. Summit County was formed March 3, 1840, from Medina, Portage and Stark. The soil is fertile and produces excellent fruit, besides large crops of corn, wheat, hay, oats and potatoes. Cheese and butter may be added as products. The first settlement made in the county was at Hudson, in 1800. The old Indian portage-path, extending through this county, between the Cuyahoga, and Tuscarawas Branch of the Muskingum. This was a part of the ancient boundary between the Six Nations and the Western Indians. Akron, the county seat, is situated on the portage summit. It was laid out in 1825. In 1811, Paul Williams and Amos and Minor Spicer settled in this vicinity. Middlebury was laid out in 1818, by Norton & Hart. Stark County was formed February 13, 1808. It is a rich agricultural county. It has large quantities of mineral coal, iron ore, flocks of the finest sheep and great Avater power. Limestone and extensive beds of lime-marl exist. The manufacture of silk has been extensively carried on. Frederick Post, the firstMoravian missionary in Ohio, settled here in 1761. Canton is the county seat, situated in the forks of the Nimishillen, a tribu- tary of the Muskingum. It was laid out in 1806, by Bezaleel Wells, whot owned the land. Massillon was laid out in March, 1826, by John Duncan. Shelby County was formed in 1819, from Miami. The southern portion is undulating, arising in some places to hills. Through the north, it is a flat table- land. It produces wheat, corn, oats and grass. The first point of English set- tlement in Ohio was at the mouth of Laramie's Creek, in this county, as early as 1752. Fort Laramie Avas built in 1794, by Wayne. The first white family that settled in this county was that of James Thatcher, in 1804. Sidney, the county seat, was laid out in 1819, on the farm of Charles Starrett. Seneca County was formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. Its principal products are corn, wheat, grass, oats, potatoes and pork. Fort Seneca was built during the war of 1812. The Senecas owned 40,000 acres of land on the Sandusky River, mostly in Seneca County. Thirty thousand acres of this land was granted to them in 1817. at the treaty held at the foot of the Maumee Rapids. The remaining 10,000 was granted the following year. These Indians ceded this tract, however, to the Govern- ment in 1831. It was asserted by an old chief, that this band was the remnant. 158 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. of LofTan's tribe. Tiffin, the county seat, was laid out bv Josiah Hedcres in the year 1821. Scioto County was formed ]\Iay 1, 1803. It is a good agricultural section, besides producing iron ore, coal and freestone. It is said that a French fort stood at the mouth of the old Scioto, as early as 1740. In 1785, four families settled where Portsmouth now stands. Thomas McDonald built the first cabin in the county. The "French grant" was located in this section — a tract com- prising 24,000 acres. The grant Avas made in March, 1795. Portsmouth, the county seat, is located upon the Ohio. Trumbull County was formed in 1800. The original Connecticut Western Reserve was within its limits. The county is well cultivated and very wealthy. Coal is found in its northern portion. We have, in our previous outline, given a history of this section, and it is not, therefore, necessary to repeat its details. Warren, the county seat, is situated on the iMahoninjr Eiver. It was laid out by Ephraim Quinby in 1801. Mr. Quinby owned the soil. His cabin was built here in 1799. In August, 1800, while Mr. McMahon Avas away from home, a* party of drunken Indians called at the house, abused the family, stmck a child a severe blow with a tomahawk and threatened to kill the family. Mrs. McMahon could not send tidings which could reach her husband before noon the following day. The following Sunday morning, fourteen men and two boys armed themselves and went to the Indian camp to settle the difficulty. Quinby advanced alone, leaving the remainder in concealment, as he Avas better acquainted Avith tliese people, to make inquiries and ascertain their intentions. He did not return at once, and the party set out, marched into camp, and found Quinby arguing Avith Capt. George, the chief Capt. George snatched his tomahawk and declared war, rushing foi'ward to kill McMahon. But a bullet from the frontierman's gun killed him instantly, Avhile Storey shot " Spotted John" at the same time. The Indians then fled. They joined the council at Sandusky. Quinby garrisoned his house. Fourteen days thereafter, the Indians returned Avith overtures of peace, which were, that McMahon and Storey be taken to Sandusky, tried by Indian laAvs, and if found guilty, pun- ished by them. This could not be done. McMahon was tried by Gen. St. Clair, and the matter Avas settled. The first missionary on the Reserve was the Rev. Joseph Badger. TuscaraAvas County Avas formed February 15, 1808, from Muskingum. It is Avell cultiA'ated Avith abundant supplies of coal and iron. The fix'st Avhite settlers Avere Moravian missionaries, their first visits dating back to 17G1. The first permanent settlement was made in 1803. Miss Mary HeckeAv elder, the daughter of a missionary, Avas born in this county April IG, 1781. Fort Laurens Avas built during the Revolution. It was the scene of a fearful carnage. It Avas established in the fill of 1778, and placed under the command of Gen. Mcintosh. Ncav Philadelphia is the county seat, situated on the TuscaraAvas. It Avas laid out in 1804 by John Knisely. A German HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 159 colony settled in this county in 1817, driven from their native land by relio-ious dictation they could not espouse. They called themselves Separatists. They are a simple-minded people, strictly moral and honest. Union County was formed from Franklin, Delaware, Logan and Madison in 1820. It produces corn, grass, wheat, oats, potatoes, butter and cheese. Extensive limestone quarries are also valuable. The Ewing brothers made the first white settlement in 1798. Col. James Curry, a member of the State Leg- islature, was the chief instigator in the progress of this section. He located within its limits and remained until his death, which occurred in 1834. Marys- ville is the county seat. Van Wert County Avas formed from the old Indian territory April 1, 1820. A great deal of timber is within the limits of this county, but the soil is so tenacious that water will not sink through it, and crops are poor during wet seasons. The main product is corn. Van Wert, the county seat, was founded by James W. Riley in 1837. An Indian town had formerly occupied its site. Capt. Riley was the first white man who settled in the county, arriving in 1821. He founded Willshire in 1822. Vinton County was organized in 1 850. It is drained by Raccoon and Salt Creeks. The surface is undulating or hilly, and is extensively covered with forests in which the oak, buckeye and sugar maple are found. Corn, hay, but- ter and wool are staple products. Bituminous coal and iron ore are found. McArthur is the county seat. Washington County was formed by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair July 27, 1788, and was the first county founded within the limits of Ohio. The surface is broken with extensive tracts of level, fertile land. It was the first county settled in the State under the auspices of the Ohio Company. A detachment of United States troops, under command of Maj. John Doughty, built Fort Harmar in 1785, and it was the first military post established in Ohio by Americans, with the exception (3f Fort Laurens, which was erected in 1778. It was occupied by United States troops until 1790, when they were ordered to Connecticut. A company under Capt. Haskell remained. In 1785, the Directors of the Ohio Company began practical operations, and settlement went forward rapidly. Campus Martins, a stockade fort, was completed in 1791. This formed a sturdy stronghold during the war. During the Indian war there was much suffering in the county. Many settlers were killed and captured. Marietta is the county seat, and the oldest town in Ohio. Marietta College was chartered in 1835. Herman Blannerhassett, whose unfortunate association with Aaron Burr proved fatal to himself, was a resident of Marietta in 1796. About the year 1798, he began to beautify and improve his island. Warren County was formed May 1, 1803, from Hamilton. The soil is very fertile, and considerable water-power is furnished by its streams. Mr. Bedell made the first settlement in 1795. Lebanon is the county seat. Henry 160 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Taylor settled in this vicinity in 1796. Union Village is a settlement of Shakers. They came here about 1805. Wayne County was proclaimed by Gov. St. Clair August 15, 1796, and was the third county in the Northwest Territory. The settlement of this sec- tion has already been briefly delineated. Wooster is the county seat. It was laid out during the fall of 1808, by John Beaver, William Henry and Joseph H. Larwell, owners of the land. Its site is 337 feet above Lake Erie. The first mill was built by Joseph Stibbs in 1809, on Apple Creek. In 1812, a block-house was erected in Wooster. Wood County was formed from the old Indian territory in 1820. The soil is rich, and large crops are produced. The county is situated within the Mau- mee Valley. It was the arena of brilliant military exploits during early times. Bowling Green is the county seat. Williams County Avas formed April 1, 1820, from the old Indian territory. Bryan is the county seat. It was laid out in 1840. Wyandot County was formed February 3, 1845, from Marion, Harden, Hancock and Crawford. The surface is level and the soil is fertile. The Wyandot Indians frequented this section. It was the scene of Crawford's defeat, in June, 1782, and his fearful death. The treaty of 1817, lion. Lewis Cass and Hon. Duncan McArthur, United States Commissioners, granted to the Indians a reservation twelve miles square, the central point being Fort Ferree. The Delaware reserve was ceded to the United States in 1829. The Wyandots ceded theirs March 17, 1842. The United States Commissioner was Col. John Johnson, who thus made the last Indian treaty in Ohio. Every foot of this State was fairly purchased by treaties. The AVyandots were exceedingly brave, and several of their chiefs were men of exalted moral principles. L^pper Sandusky is the county seat, and w^as laid out in 1843. Gen. Har- rison had built Ferree on this spot during the war of 1812. Gov. Meigs, in 1813, encamped near the river, with several thousand of the Ohio militia. The Indian village of Crane Town was originally called Upper Sandusky. The Indians transferred their town, after the death of Tarhe, to Uper Sandusky. GOVERNORS OF OHIO. The Territorial Governors we have already mentioned in the course of our brief review of the prominent events of the State of Ohio. After the Terri- tory was admitted as a State, in 1802, Edward Tiffin was elected to that position, and again received the same honor, in 1804 and 1806. In 1807, circumstances led him to resign, and Thomas Kirker, Speaker of the House, acted as Gover- nor, until the close of the term. Edward Tiffin was born in Carlisle, England, coming to this country in 1784, at the age of eighteen. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, and applied himself to the study of medicine, graduating and beginning his practice at the age of twenty, in the State of Virginia. In 1789, he married Mary, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 161 daughter of Col. Worthington, and sister of Thomas Worthington, who subse- quently became Governor of Ohio. In his profession, Gov. Tiffin was highly esteemed, and his public labors were carried forward with a zealous earnestness which marked his career as one of usefulness. He settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1796, where he died, in 1829. Samuel Huntington, the recipient of the honor of second Governor, was inaugurated in 1808. He was an American by birth, Norwich, Conn.^ being his native place. He was a diligent student in Yale College, graduating in 1785. He removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1801. He attained a reputation for integrity, ability and rare discretion. As a scholar, he was eminently supe- rior. He resided in Cleveland at the time of his death, in 1817. Return Jonathan Meigs followed Gov. Huntington. He was born in Mid- dletown, Conn., in 1765. He was also a student in Yale College, graduating in 1785, with the highest honors. He immediately entered the study of law, and was admitted to practice in his twenty-third year. He married Miss Sophia Wright, and settled in Marietta, Ohio, in 1788. He took his seat as Gover- nor in 1810, and was re-elected in 1812. In 1813, President Madison appointed him to the position of Postmaster General, which occasioned his resignation as Governor. Othniel Looker, Speaker of the House, acted as Governor during the remainder of the term. Mr. Meigs died in 1825, leaving as a memento of his usefulness, a revered memory. Thomas Worthington, the fourth Governor, was born in Jefferson County, Va., in 1769. He gained an education in William and Mary's College. In 1788, he located at Chillicothe, and was the first Senator from the new State. He was also the first man to erect the first saw-mill in Ohio. He served two terms as Senator, from 1803 to 1815, resigning in 1814, to take his position as Governor. In 1816, he was re-elected. He was exceedingly active in paving the way for the future prosperity of Ohio. His measures were famous for practical worth and honesty. Chief Justice Chase designated him as " a gentleman of distinguished ability and great influence." He died in 1827. Ethan Allen Brown followed Mr. Worthington. His birthplace was on the shore of Long Island Sound, in Fairfield County, Conn., July 4, 1766. His education was derived under the most judicious instruction of a private tutor. In classics, he became proficient. Directly he had reached the required stand- ard in general education, he began the study of law, at home. After becoming conversant with preliminary requirements, he entered the law office of Alex- ander Hamilton, who at that time was a national pride, as a scholar, lawyer and statesman. Opportunities coming in his way, which promised a fortune, he abandoned the law, and achieved success and a fortune. He then decided to return to his study, and was admitted to practice in 1802. Thereafter, he was seized with an exploring enthusiasm, and with his cousin as a companion, set out upon a horseback tour, following the Indian trails from east to west, through Pennsylvania, until they reached Brownsville, on the Monongahela River. Here 162 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. they purchased two flatboats, and fully stocking them with provisions and obtaining efficient crews, started for New Orleans. Reaching that city, they found they could not dispose of their cargoes to any advantage, and shipped the flour to Liverpool, England, taking passage in the same vessel. They succeeded in obtaining good prices for their stock, and set sail for America, arriving in Bal- timore nine months after first leaving " home," on this adventure. Mr. Brown's father decided to secure a large and valuable tract of Western land, as a per- manent home, and authorized his son to select and purchase the same for him. He found what he desired, near Rising Sun, Ind. After this, he settled in Cincinnati, and engaged in the practice of law, speedily achieving prominency and distinction. Financially, he was most fortunate. In 1810, he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, which position he filled with honor, until he was chosen Governor, in 1818. He was re-elected in 1820. In 1821, he received the honor of Senator, and served one' term, with the highest distinction, gain- ing emolument for himself and the State he represented. In 1880, he was appointed Minister to Brazil. He remained there four years, and returning, was appointed Commissioner of Public Lands, by President Jackson, holding this position two years. At this time, he decided to retire from public life. Since he never married, he was much with his relatives, at Rising Sun, Ind., '^«pfr--v«' yi^,>^^^^^a^ HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 171 as tutor. He was admitted to practice in 1829, and opened a law office in Cin- cinnati. He succeeded but moderately, and during his leisure hours prepared a new edition of the "Statutes of Ohio." He added annotations and a well- written sketch of the early history of the State. This was a thorough success, and gave the earnest worker popularity and a stepping-stone for the future. He was solicitor for the banks of the United States in 1834, and soon there- after, for the city banks. He achieved considerable distinction in 1837, in the case of a colored woman brought into the State by her master, and escaping his possession. He was thus brought out as an Abolitionist, which was further sustained by his defense of James G. Birney, who had suffered indictment for harboring a fugitive slave. In 1846, associated with William H. Seward, he defended Van Zandt before the Supreme Court of the United States. His thrilling denunciations and startling conjectures alarmed the slaveholding States, and subsequently led to the enactment of the fugitive-slave law of 1850. Mr. Chase was a member of the United States Senate in 1849, through the coalition of the Democrats and Free-Soilers. In 1855, he was elected Gover- nor of Ohio by the opponents of Pierce's administration. He was re-elected in 1859. President Lincoln, in 1861, tendered him the position of Secretary of the Treasury. To his ability and official management we are indebted for the present national bank system. In 1864, he was appointed Chief Justice of the United States. He died in the city of New York in 1873, after a useful career. William Dennison was born in Cincinnati in 1815. He gained an educa- tion at Miami University, graduating in 1835. He began the study of law in the office of the father of George H. Pendleton, and was qualified and admitted to the bar in 1840. The same year, he married a daughter of William Neil, of Columbus. The Whigs of the Franklin and Delaware District sent him to the State Senate, in 1848. He was President of the Exchange Bank in Cin- cinnati, in 1852, and was also President of Columbus & Xenia Railway. He Avas elected the nineteenth Governor of Ohio in 1859. By his promptness and activity at the beginning of the rebellion, Ohio was placed in the front rank of loyalty. At the beginning of Lincoln's second term, he was appointed Post- master General, retiring upon the accession of Johnson. He then made his home at Columbus. David Tod, the twentieth Governor of Ohio, was born at Youngstown, Ohio, in 1805. His education was principally obtained through his own exertions. He set about the study of law most vigorously, and was admitted to practice in 1827. He soon acquired popularity through his ability, and consequently was financially successful. He purchased the Briar Hill homestead. Under Jack- son's administration, he was Postmaster at Warren, and held the position until 1838, when he was elected State Senator by the Whigs of Trumbull District, by the Democrats. In 1844, he retired to Briar Hill, and opened the Briar Hill Coal Mines. He was a pioneer in the coal business of Ohio. In the Cleveland 172 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. & Mahoning Railroad, he was largely interested, and Avas its President, after the death of Mr. Perkins. He "was nominated, m 1844, for Governor, by the Dem- ocrats, but was defeated. In 1847, he went to Brazil as Minister, where he resided for four and a half years. The Emperor presented him with a special commendation to the President, as a testimonial of his esteem. He was also the recipient of an elegant silver tray, as a memorial from the resident citizens of Rio Janeiro. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention, which met at Charleston in 1860. He was Vice President of this Convention. He was an earnest advocate for Stephen A. Douglas. When the Southern members withdrew, the President, Caleb Cushing, going with them, the convention adjourned to Baltimore, when Mr. Tod assumed the chair and Douglas was nom- inated. He was an earnest worker in the cause, but not disheartened by its defeat. When Fort Sumter was fired upon, he was one of the most vigorous prosecutors of the war, not relaxing his active earnestness until its close. He donated full uniforms to Company B, of the Nineteenth Regiment, and contrib- uted largely to the war fund of his township. Fifty-five thousand majority elected him Governor in 1861. His term was burdened with war duties, and he carried them so bravely as Governor that the President said of him : " Governor Tod of Ohio aids me more and troubles me less than any other Gov- ernor." His death occurred at Briar Hill during the year 1868. John Brough was a native of Marietta, Ohio. He was born in 1811. The death of his father left him in precarious circumstances, which may have been a discipline for future usefulness. He entered a printing office, at the age of fourteen, in Marietta, and after serving a few months, began his studies in the Ohio Uni- versity, setting type mornings and evenings, to earn sufficient for support. He occupied the leading position in classes, and at the same time excelled as a type-setter. He was also admired for his athletic feats in field amusements. He completed his studies and began reading law, which pursuit was interrupted by an opportunity to edit a paper in Petersburg, Va. He returned to Marietta in 1831, and became editor and proprietor of a leading Democratic newspaper — the Wasldngton County Republican. He achieved distinction rapidly, and in 1833, sold his interest, for the purpose of entering a more extended field of journalism. He purchased the Ohio Eagle, at Lancaster, and as its editor, held a deep influence over local and State politics. He occupied the position of Clerk of the Ohio Senate, between the years 1835 and 1838, and relinquished his paper. He then represented the counties of Fairfield and Hocking in the Leg- islature. He was then appointed Auditor of State by the General Assembly, in which position he served six years. He then purchased the Phcenix news- paper in Cincinnati, changed its name to the Enquirer, placing it in the care of his brother, Charles, while he opened a law office in the city. His editorials in the Enquirer, and his activity in political affairs, were brilliant and strong. He retired from politics in 1848, sold a half-interest in the Enquirer and carried on a prosperous business, but was brought forward again by leaders of both HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 173 political parties in 1863, through the Vallandigham contest, and was elected Governor the same year, by a majority of 101, (J99 votes in a total of 471,643. He was three times married. His death occurred in 1865 — Charles Anderson serving out his term. Jacob Dolson Cox, the twenty-second Governor, was born in 1828, in Mon- treal, Canada, where his parents were temporarily. He became a student of Oberlin College, Ohio, in 1846, graduating in 1851, and beginning the practice of law in Warren in 1852, He was a member of the State Senate in 1859,, from the Trumbull and Mahoning Districts. He was termed a radical. He was a commissioned Brigadier General of Ohio in 1861, and, in 1862, was pro- moted to Major General for gallantry in battle. While in the service he was nominated for Governor, and took that position in 1865. He was a member of Grant's Cabinet as Secretary of the Interior, but resigned. He went to Con- gress in 1875, from the Toledo District. His home is in Cincinnati. Rutherford B. Hayes, was the nineteenth President of the United States^ the twenty-third Governor of Ohio, was born at Delaware, Ohio, in 1822. He was a graduate of Kenyon College in 1842. He began the study of law, and, in 1843, pursued that course in the Cambridge University, graduating in 1845. He began his practice at Fremont. He was married to jMiss Lucy Webb in 1852, in Cincinnati. He was Major of the Twenty-third Oliio A^olunteer Infantry in 1861, and in 1862, was promoted to Colonel on account of bravery in the field, and eventually became Major General. In 1864, he was elected to Congress, and retired from the service. He remained in Congress two terms, and was Governor of Ohio in 1867, being re-elected in 1869. He filled this office a third term, being re-elected in 1875. Edward F. Noyes was born in Haverhill, Mass., in 1832. While a lad of fourteen, he entered the office of the Morning Star, published at Dover, N. H., in order to learn the business of printing. At the age of eighteen, he entered the academy at Kingston, N. H. He prepared for college, and entered Dartmouth in 1853, graduating with high honors in 1857. He had begun the study of law, and continued the course in the Cincinnati Law School, and beo-an to practice in 1858. He was an enthusiast at the opening of the rebellion and was interested in raising the Twentieth Regiment, of which he was made Major. He was promoted to Colonel in 1862. At the conflict at Iluff"s Mills, in Georgia, in 1864, he was so unfortunate as to lose a leg. At the time, amputa- tion was necessary, but was unskillfully performed. He was brouo-ht to Cincin- nati, and the operation was repeated, which nearly cost him his life. He reported three months later, to Gen. Hooker for duty, on crutches. He was assigned to command of Camp Dennison. He was promoted to the full rank of Brio-adier General, and while in discharge of his duty at that place, he was elected City Solicitor of Cincinnati. He occupied the position until 1871, when he was elected Governor, by a majority of 20,000. He went to France in 1877, as Minister, appointed by President Hayes. 174 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. William Allen, the twenty-fiftli Governor of Ohio, was born in 1807, in Chowan County, N. C. While an infant, he was left an orphan, and his sister superintended his education. He was placed in a private school in Lynchburg, Va., at the age of fourteen. Two years later, he joined his sister and family, in Chillicothe, and attended the academy a year, when he entered the law office of Edward King, and began a course of study. In his seventeenth year, he began practice, and through his talent speedily acquired fame and popu- larity. Before he was twenty-five, he was sent to Congress by a strong Whig district. He. was elected United States Senator in 1S37, there remaining until 1849, In 1845, he married Effie Mc Arthur, Avho died soon after the birth of their daughter. In 1873, he was elected Governor. His adminis- tration gave general satisfaction. He died, at his home at " Fruit Hill," in 1879. R. M. Bishop, the twenty-sixth Governor of Ohio, was born Novem- ber 4, 1812, in Fleming County, Ky, He began the vocation of mer- chant, and for several years devoted himself to that business in his native State. In 1848, he engaged in the wholesale grocery business, in Cincinnati. His three sons became partners, under the firm name of R. M. Bishop & Sons. The sales of this house frequently exceeded |5,000,000 per annum. Mr. Bishop was a member of the Council of Cincinnati, and in 1859 was its Mayor, holding that office until 1861. In 1800, the Legislatures of Indiana and Ten- nessee visited Ohio, to counsel each other to stand by the Constitution and the flag. At the reception given at Pike's Opera House, Mayor Bishop delivered an eloquent address, which elicited admiration and praises. During the same year, as Mayor, he received the Prince of Wales in the most cordial manner, a national credit as a mark of respect to a distinguished foreign guest. In 1877, he was elected Governor of Ohio, by a large majority. Charles Foster, the present and twenty-seventh Governor of Ohio, was born in Seneca County, Ohio, April 12, 1828. He was educated at the common schools and the academy at Norwalk, Ohio. Engaged in mercantile and bank- ing business, and never held any public office until he was elected to the Forty- second Congress ; was re-elected to the Forty-third Congress, and again to the Forty-fourth Congress, as a Republican. In 1879, he was nominated by the Republicans and elected Governor of the State; was re-elected in 1881. In reviewing these slight sketches of the Governors of this grand Western State, one is impressed with the active relationship they have all sustained, with credit, with national measures. Their services have been efficient, earnest and patriotic, like the State they have represented and led. ANCIENT AVORKS. Ohio has furnished a prolific field for antiquarians and those interested in scientific explorations, either for their own amusement and knowledge, or for the records of " facts and formations." HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 175 It is well known tliat the " Mound Builders " had a wide sweep through this continent, but absolute facts regarding their era have been most difficult to obtain. Numerous theories and sujjpositions have been advanced, yet tlioy are emphatic evidences that they have traced the origin and time of this primeval race. However, they have left their works behind them, and no exercise of foitli is necessary to have confidence in that part of the story. That these works are of human origin is self-evident. Temples and military works have been found which required a considerable degree of scientific skill on the part of those early architects and builders. Evidently the Indians had no knowledge of these works of predecessors, which differed in all respects from those of the red men. An ancient cemetery has been found, covering an area of four acres, which had evidently been laid out into lots, from north to south. Nearly 3,000 graves have been discovered, containins bones which at some time must have constituted the framework of veritable giants, while others are of no unusual size. • In 1815, a jaw-bone was exhumed, containing an artificial tooth of silver. Mounds and fortifications are plentiful in Athens County, some of them being of solid stone. One, difi'ering in the quality of stone from the others, is supposed to be a dam across the Hocking. Over a thousand pieces of stone were used in its construction. Copper rings, bracelets and ornaments are numerous. It is also evident that these people possessed the knowledge of hardening copper and giving it an edge equal to our steel of to-day. In the branch formed by a branch of the Licking River and Raccoon Creek, in Licking County, ancient works extend over an area of several miles. Again, three miles northwest of this locality, near the road between Newark and Gran- ville, another field of these relics may be found. On the summit of a high hill is a fortification, formed to represent an alligator. The head and neck includes 32 feet ; the length of the body is 73 feet ; the tail was 105 feet; from the termini of the fore feet, over the shoulders, the width is 100 feet ; from the termini of the hind feet, over the hips, is 92 feet ; its highest point is 7 feet. It is composed of clay, which must have been conveyed hither, as it is not similar to the clay found in the vicinity. Near Miamisburg, Montgomery County, are other specimens. Near the village is a mound, equaled in size by very few of these antiquities. It meas- ures 800 feet around the base, and rises to a height of sixty-seven feet. Others are found in Miami County, while at Circleville, Pickaway County, no traces remain. Two forts have been discovered, one forming an exact square, a.nd the other describing a circle. The square is fianked by two walls, on all sides, these being divided by a deep ditch, Tlie circle has one wall and no ditch. This is sixty-nine rods in diameter, its walls being tAventy feet high. The square fort measures fifty-five rods across, with walls twelve feet high. Twelve gateways lead into the square fort, while the circle has but one, which led to the otl:er, at 116 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the point -wlierc tlio walls of the two came together. Before each of tliese entrances were mounds of earth, from four to five feet high and nearly forty feet in diameter. Evidently these were "designed for defenses for the openings, in cases of emergency. A short distance from Piketon, the turnpike runs, for several hundred feet, between two parallel artificial walls of earth, fifteen feet high, and six rods apart. In Scioto County, on both sides of the Ohio, are extensive ancient works. " Fort Ancient " is near Lebanon in Warren County. Its direct measure- ment is a mile, but in tracing its angles, retreating and salient, its length would be nearly six miles. Its site is a level plain, 240 feet above the level of the river. The interior wall varies in height to conform with the nature of the ground without — ranging from 8 to 10 feet. On the plain it reaches 100 feet. This fort has 58 gateways, through one of which the State road runs, passing between two mounds 12 feet hio-li. Northeast from these mounds, situated on the plain, are two roads, about a rod wide each, made upon an elevation about three feet high. They run parallel to each other about a quarter of a mile, when they each form a semicircle around a mound, joining in the circle. It is probable this Avas at some time a military defense, or, on the contrary, it may have been a general rendezvous for games and high holiday festivities. Near Marietta, are the celebrated Muskingum River works, being a half- mile from its juncture with the Ohio. They consist of mounds and walls of •earth in circular and square forms, also tracing direct lines. The largest square fort covers an area of 40 acres, and is inclosed by a wall of earth, 6 to 10 feet in height, and from 25 to 30 feet at its base. On each side are three gateways. The center gateways exceed the others in size, more especially on the side toward the Muskingum. From this outlet runs a covered means of egress, between two parallel walls of earth, 231 feet distant from each other, measuring from the centers. The walls in the interior are 21 feet high at the most elevated points, measuring 42 feet at the base, grading on the exte- rior to about five feet in heigth. This passage-way is 3G0 feet in length, lead- ing to the low grounds, which, at the period of its construction, probably reached the river. At the northwest corner, within the inclosure, is a plateau 188 feet long, 132 feet broad and 9 feet high. Its sides are perpendicular and its surface level. At the center of each side is a graded pathway leading to the top, six feet wide. Another elevated square is near the south Avail, 150x120 feet square, and 8 feet high, similar to the other, with the exception of the graded Avalk. Outside and next the wall to ascend to the top, it has central hollow Avays, 10 feet Avide, leading 20 feet toAvard the center, then arismg with a gradual slope to the top. A third elevated square is situated at the southeast corner, 108x54 feet square, with ascents at the ends. This is neither as high or as perfect as the others. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 177 Anotlier ancient work is found to the southeast, covering an area of 20 acres with a gateway in the center of each side, and others at the corners^each of these having the mound defense. On the outside of the smaller fort, a mound resembling a sugar loaf was formed in the shape of a circle 115 feet in diameter, its height being 30 feet. A ditch surrounds it, 15 feet wide and 4 feet deep. These earthworks have contributed greatly to the satisfactory results of scientific researches. Their builders were evidently composed of large bands that have succumbed to the advance of enlightened humanity. The relics found consists of ornaments, utensils and implements of war. The bones left in the numerous graves convey an idea of a stalwart, vigorous people, and the conquests which swept them away from the face of the country must have been fierce and cruel. Other mounds and fortifications are found in difierent parts of the State, of which our limited space will not permit a description. Many sculptured rocks are found, and others with plainly discernible tracery in emblematical designs upon their surface. The rock on which the inscriptions occur is the grindstone grit of the Ohio exports — a sti-atum found in Northern Ohio> Arrow-points of flint or chert have been frequently found. From all investigations, it is evident that an extensive flint bed existed in Lick- ing County, near Newark. The old pits can now be recognized. They extended over a hundred acres. They are partially filled with water, and sur- rounded by piles of broken and rejected fragments. The flint is a grayish- white, with cavities of a brilliant quartz crystal. Evidently these stones were chipped into shape and the material sorted on the ground. Only clear, homo- genous pieces can be wrought into arrow-heads and spear-points. Flint chips extend over many acres of ground in this vicinity, Flint beds are also found in Stark and Tuscarawas Counties. In color it varies, being red, white, black and mottled. The black is found in Coshocton County. SOME GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. Ohio, as a State, is renowned as an agricultural section. Its variety, quality and quantity of productions cannot be surpassed by any State in the Union. Its commercial importance ranks proudly in the galaxy of opulent and industrious States composing this Union. Her natural resources are prolific, and all improve- ments which could be instituted by the ingenuity of mankind have been added. From a quarter to a third of its area is hilly and broken. About the head- waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two Miami Rivers, are wide prairies ; some of them are elevated and dry, with fertile soil, although they are frequently termed "barrens." In other parts, they are low and marshy, producing coarse, rank grass, which grows to a height of five feet in some places. The State is most fortunate in timber wealth, having large quantities of black walnut, oak of different varieties, maple, hickory, birch, several kinds of 178 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. beech, poplar, sycamore, papaw, several kinds of ash, cherry, whitewood and buckeye. The summers are usually warm, and the winters are mild, considering the latitude of the State. Near Lake Erie, the winters are severe, corresponding Avith sections in a line with that locality. Snow falls in sufficient quantities in the northern part to afford several weeks of fine sleighing. In the southern portion, the snowstorms are not frequent, and the fall rarely remains long on the ground. The climate is generally healthy, with the exception of small tracts lying near the marshes and stagnant waters. The Ohio River washes the southern border of the State, and is navigable for steamboats of a large size, the entire length of its course. From Pitts- burgh to its mouth, measuring it meanderings, it is 908 miles long. Its current is gentle, having no falls except at Louisville, Ky., where the descent is twenty- two and a half feet in two miles. A canal obviates this obstruction. The Muskingum is the largest river that flows entirely within the State. It is formed by the junction of the Tuscarawas and Walhonding Rivers, and enters the Ohio at Marietta One hundred miles of its length is navigable. The Scioto is the second river in magnitude, is about 200 miles long, and flows into the Ohio at Portsmouth. It afibrds navigation 130 miles of its length. The Great Miami is a rapid river, in the western part of the State, and is 100 miles long. The Little Miami is seventy miles in length, and enters the Ohio seven miles from Cincinnati. The Maumee rises in Indiana, flows through the northwestern part of the State, and enters Lake Erie at Maumee Bay. It afibrds navigation as far as Perrysburg, eighteen miles from the lake, and above the rapids, it is again nav- igable. The Sandusky rises in the northern part of the State, is eighty miles long, and fiows into Lake Erie, via Sandusky Bay. Lake Erie washes 150 miles of the northern boundary. The State has sev- eral fine harbors, the Maumee and Sandusky Bays being the largest. We have, in tracing the record of the earlier counties, given the educational inter- ests as exemplified by different institutions. We have also given the canal system of the State, in previous pages. The Governor is elected every two years, by the people. The Senators are chosen biennially, and are apportioned according to the male population over twenty-one years of age. The Judges of the Supreme and other courts are elected by the joint ballot of the Legislature, for the term of seven years. During the early settlement of Ohio, perfect social equality existed among the settlers. The line of demarkation that was drawn was a separation of the good from the bad. Log-rollings and cabin-raisings were mutual affairs. Their sport usually consisted of shooting, rowing and hunting. Hunting shirts and buckskin pants were in the fashion, while the women dressed in coarse material, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 179 woven bj their own hands. A common American cotton check Avas con- sidered a magnificent addition to one's toilet. In those times, however, the material was $1 per yard, instead of the shilling of to-day. But five yards Avas then a large "pattern," instead of the twenty-five of 1880. In cooking utensils, the pot, pan and frying-pan constituted an elegant outfit. A few plain dishes were added for table use. Stools and benches were the rule, although a few wealthy families indulged in splmt-bottom chairs. The cabin floors were rough, and in many cases the green sward formed the carpet. Goods were very expensive, and flour was considered a great luxury. Goods were brought by horses and mules from Detroit, or by wagon from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, and then down the Ohio. Coarse calicoes were $1 per yard ; tea $2 to $3 per pound ; cofiee 75 cents ; whisky, from $1 to $2 per gallon, and salt, |5 to $6 per barrel. In those towns where Indian trade constituted a desirable interest, a bottle was set at each end of the counter — a gratuitous ofiering to their red friends. OUTLINE GEOLOGY OF OHIO. Should we group the rocks of Ohio, according to their lithological characters, we should give five distinct divisions. They are marked by difierence in appear- ance, hardness, color and composition : 1 — Limestone. 2 — Black shale. 3 — Fine-grained sandstone. 4 — Conglomerate. 5 — Coal series. They are all stratified and sedimentary. They are nearly horizontal. The lowest one visible, in a physical as well as a geological sense, is " blue lime- stone." The bed of the Ohio River near Cincinnati is 133 feet below the level of Lake Erie. The strata incline in all directions from the southwestern angle of the State. In Scioto County may be seen the outcropping edges of all these rocks. They sink at this point in the direction south 80|° east ; easterly at the rate of 37^ feet per mile. The cliff" limestone, the upper stratum of the lime- stone deposit, is 600 feet above the river at Cincinnati ; at West Union, in Adams County, it is only 350 feet above the same level. The finely grained sandstone found on the summit of the hills east of Brush Creek and west of the Scioto sinks to the base of the hills, and appears beneath the conglomerate, near the Little Scioto. Although the rock formations are the same in all parts of the State, in the same order, their thickness, mass and dip, are quite different. Chillicothe, Reynoldsburg, Mansfield, Newburg, Waverly and Rockville, are situated near the western border of the "fine-grained limestone." Its outcrop forms a continuous and crooked line from the Ohio River to Lake Erie. In the southwest portion of the State is the "blue limestone," occupying a circular 180 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. space from West Union via Da^^ton, to the State line. The conglomerate is to the east of the given towns, bending aronnd from Cuyahoga Falls to Burton, in Geauga County, and then eastward into Pennsylvania. Near this outcrop are the coal-bearing rocks which occupy the east and southeastern portions of Ohio. From llockvlllc to Chillicothe, the course is north, about 10° east, and nearly corresponds with the line of outcrop of the fine-grained sandstone for an e(iual distance. The dip at llockville, given by Charles Whittlesey, is 80A-°, almost at a right angle, and at the rate of 37 feet per mile. At Chillicothe, the other end of the line, the general dip is south 70° east, 30 feet to the mile, the line curving eastward and the dip line to the southward. This is the universal law. The northern boundary of the great coal fields passes through Meadville, in Pennsylvania, and turning south arrives at Portage Summit, on tlie summit of the Alleghanies, l!,')00 feet above the ocean level. It then plunges rapidly to the westward. From the Alleghanies to the southwest, through Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee, sweeps this great coal basin. Much of the county of Medina is conglomerate upon the surface, but the streams, especially the South Branch of the Rock}^ Hiver, set through this sur- face stratum, and reach the fine-grained sandstone. This is the case with Rocky, Chagrin, Cuyahoga and Grand Rivers — also Conneaut and Ashtabula Creeks. This sandstone and the shale extend up the narrow valleys of these streams and their tributaries. Between these strata is a mass of coarse-grained sandstone, without pebbles, which furnishes the grindstones for which Ohio is noted. In Lorain County, the coarse sandstone grit nearly displaces the fine- grained sandstone and red shale, thickening at Elyria to the black shale. South of this point, the grindstone grit, red shale and ash-colored shale vary in thick- ness. The town of Chillicothe, the village of Newburg. and a point in the west line of Crawford County, are all situated on the "black shale." Dr. Locke gives the dip, at Montgomery and Miami Counties, at north 14°, east, si.K feet to the mile ; at Columbus, Whitelesey gives it, 81° 52' east, 22^-^% feet to the mile. The fine-grained sandstone at Newburg is not over eighty feet in thickness ; at Jacktow n and Reynoldsburg, 500 ; at Waverly 250 to 300 feet, and at Brush Creek. Adams County, 343 feet. The black shale is 251 feet thick at Brush Creek : at Alum Creek, 250 to 300 feet thick ; in Craw- ford County, about 250 feet thick. The conglomerate in Jackson County is 200 feet thick : at Cuyahoga Falls, 100 to 120 feet ; at Burton, Geauga County, 300 feet. The great limestone formation is divided into several numbers. At Cincinnati, at the bed of the river, there is : 1 — A blue limestone and slaty marlite. 2 — Dun-colored marl and layers of lime rock. 3 — Blue marl and layers of blue limestone. ' 4 — Marl and bands of limestone, Avith immense numbers of shells at the surface. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 181 In Adams County, the detailed section is thus : 1 — Blue limestone and marl. 2 — Blue marl. 3 — Flinty limestone. 4 — Blue marl. 5 — Cliff limestone. The coal-fields of Ohio are composed of alternate beds of coarse-grained sandstone, clay shales, layers of ironstone, thin beds of limestone and numer- ous strata of coal. The coal region abounds in iron. From Jacktown to Con- cord, in Muskingum County, there are eight beds of coal, and seven strata of limestone. The distance between these two points is forty-two miles. From Freedom, in Portage County, to Poland, in Trumbull County, a distance of thirty-five miles, there are five distinct strata. Among them are distributed thin beds of limestone, and many beds of iron ore. The greater mass of coal and ii'on measures is composed of sandstone and shale. The beds of sandstone are from ten to twenty or eighty feet thick. Of shale, five to fifty feet thick. The strata of coal and iron are comparatively thin. A stratum of coal three feet thick can be worked to advantage. One four feet thick is called a good mine, few of them averaging five. Coal strata are found from six to ten and eleven feet. There are four beds of coal, and three of limestone, in Lawrence and Scioto Counties. There are also eight beds of ore, and new ones are con- stantly being discovered. The ore is from four to twelve inches thick, occasion- ally being two feet. The calcareous ore rests upon the second bed of limestone, from the bottom, and is very rich. The most prominent fossils are trees, plants and stems of the coal-bearing rocks, shells and corals and crustacese of the limestone, and the timber, leaves and dirt-beds of the "drift" — the earthy covering of the rocks, which varies from nothing to 200 feet. Bowlders, or " lost rocks," are strewn over the State. They are evidently transported from some remote section, being fragments of primitive rock, granite, gneiss and hornblende rock, which do not exist in Ohio, nor within 400 miles of the State, in any direction. In the Lake Supe- rior region we find similar specimens. The superficial deposits of Ohio are arranged into four geological formations : 1 — The ancient drift, resting upon the rocks of the State. 2 — The Lake Erie marl and sand deposits. 3 — The drift occupying the valleys of large streams, such as the Great Miami, the Ohio and Scioto. 4 — The bowlders. The ancient drift of Ohio is meager in shell deposits. It is not, therefore, decided whether it be of salt-water origin or fresh water. It has, at the bottom, blue clay, with gravel-stones of primitive or sedimen- tary rocks, containing carbonate of lime. The yellow clay is found second. Above that, sand and gravel, less stratified, containing more pebbles of the 182 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. sedimentary rocks, such as limestone and stone, iron ore, coal and shale. The lower layer contains logs, trees, leaves, sticks and vines. The Lake Erie section, or "Lake Erie deposits," may be classed in the following order : 1 — From the lake level upward, fine, blue, marly sand — forty-five to sixty feet. 2 — Coarse, gray, water-washed sand — ten to twenty feet. 3 — Coarse sand and gravel, not well stratified, to surfiice — twenty to fifty feet. Stratum first dissolves in water. It contains carbonate of lime, magnesia, iron, alumina, silex, sulphur, and some decomposed leaves, plants and sticks. Some pebbles are found. In contact with the water, quicksand is formed. The Hickory Plains, at the forks of the Great Miami and White Water, and also between Kilgore"s ]Mill and New Richmond, are the results of heavy dilu- vial currents. In presenting these formations of the State, we have quoted from the experi- ence and conclusions of Charles Whittlesey, eminent as a geologist, and who was a member of the Ohio Geological Corps. Ohio's rank during the war. The patriotism of this State has been stanch, unswerving and bold, ever since a first settlement laid its corner-stone in the great Western wilder- ness. Its decisive measures, its earnest action, its noble constancy, have earned the laurels that designate it "a watchword for the nation." In the year 18G0, Ohio had a population of 2,343,739. Its contribution of soldiers to the great conflict that was soon to surge over the land in scarlet terror, was apportioned 310,000 men. In less than twenty-four hours after the President's proclama- tion and call for troops, the Senate had matured and carried a bill through, appropriating $1,000,000 for the purpose of placing the State on a war footing. The influences of party sentiments were forgotten, and united, the State unfurled the flag of patriotism. Before the bombardment of old Fort Sumter has fairly ceased its echoes, twenty companies Avere offered the Governor for immediate service. When the surrender was verified, the excitement was tumultuous. Militia oflScers telegraphed their willingness to receive prompt orders, all over the State. The President of Kenyon College — President Andrews — tendered his services by enlisting in the ranks. Indeed, three months before the outbreak of the war, he had expressed his readiness to the Governor to engage, in service should there be occasion. He was the first citi- zen to make this offer. The Cleveland Grays, the Rover Guards, the State Fencibles, the Dayton Light Guards, the Governor's Guards, the Columbus Videttes and the Guthrie Grays — the best drilled and celebrated militia in the State — telegraphed to Columbus for orders. Chillicothe, Portsmouth and Circleville offered money and troops. Canton, Xenia, Lebanon, Lancaster, Springfield, Cincinnati, HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 183 Dayton, Cleveland, Toledo and other towns urged their assistance upon the State. Columbus began to look like a great army field. The troops were stationed wherever they could find quarters, and food in sufficient quantities was hard to procure. The Governor soon established a camp at Miamiville, convenient to Cincinnati. He intended to appoint Irvin McDowell, of the staif of Lieut. Gen. Scott, to the leading command, but the friends of Capt. McClellan became enthusiastic and appealed to the Governor, who decided to investigate his case. Being satisfied, he desired Capt. McClellan to come up to Columbus. But that officer was busy and sent Capt. Pope, of the regular army, in his stead. This gentleman did not suit Gov. Dennison. The friends of McClellan again set forth the high qualities of this officer, and Gov. Dennison sent an earnest request for an interview, which was granted, and resulted in the appointment of the ofiicer as Major General of the Ohio militia. Directly thereafter, he received an invitation to take command of the Pennsylvania troops, but Ohio could not spare so valuable a leader. For three-years troops were soon called out, and their Generals were to be appointed by the President. Gov. Dennison advised at once Avith the War Department at Washington, and McClellan received his appointment as Major General in the regular army. Cincinnati and Louisville became alarmed lest Kentucky should espouse the Confederate cause, and those cities thus be left insecure against the inroads of a cruel foe. Four hundred and thirty-six miles of Ohio bordered Slave States. Kentucky and West Virginia were to be kept in check, but the Governor pro- claimed that not only should the border of Ohio be protected, but even beyond that would the State press the enemy. Marietta was garrisoned, and other river points rendered impregnable. On the 20th of May, 1861, official dispatches affirmed that troops were approaching Wheeling under the proclamation of Letcher. Their intention was to route the convention at Wheelino-. Military orders were instantly given. Col. Steedman and his troops crossed at Marietta and crushed the disturbance at Parkersburg — swept into the country along the railroad, built bridges, etc. Col. Irvine crossed at Wheeling and united with a regiment of loyal Virginians. At the juncture of the tAvo tracks at Grafton, the columns met, but the rebels had retreated in mad haste. The loyal troops followed, and, at Philippi, fought the first little skirmish of the war. The great railway lines were secured, and the Wheeling convention protected, and West Virginia partially secured for the L'nion, After preliminary arrangements, McClellan's forces moved in two columns upon the enemy at Laurel Hill. One remained in front, under Gen. Morris, while the other, under his own command, pushed around to Huttonsville, in their rear. Gen. Morris carried his orders through promptly, but McClellan was late. Rosecrans was left with McClellan's advance to fight the battle of Rich Mountain, unaided. Garnett being alarmed at the defeat of his outpost, retreated. McClellan was not in time to intercept him, but Morris continued 184 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. the chase. Steedman overtook the rear-guard of Garnett's army at Carrick's Ford, where a sharp skirmish ensued, Garnett himself falling. The scattered portions of the rebel army escaped, and West Virginia was again free from armed rebels — and was the gift of Ohio through her State militia to the nation at the beginning of the war. At this period, Gen. McClellan was called to Washington. Gen, Rose- crans succeeded him, and the three-years troops left in the field after the dis- banding of the three-months men, barely sufficed to hold the country. Pie telegraphed Gov. Dennison to supply him immediately with re-enforcements, the request being made on the 8th of August. Already had the Confederate lead- ers realized the loss they had sustained in Western Virginia, and had dispatched their most valued General, Robert E. Lee, to regain the territory. Rosecrans again wrote : " If you. Governor of Indiana and Governor of Michigan, will lend your efforts to get me quickly 50,000 men, in addition to my present force, I think a blow can be struck which will save fighting the rifled-cannon batteries at Manassas. Lee is certainly at Cheat Mountain. Send all troops you can to Grafton." Five days thereafter, all the available troops in the West were dispatched to Fremont, Mo., and the plans of Rosecrans were foiled. Heavy re-enforcements had been sent to the column in Kanawha Valley under Gen. Cox. He became alarmed, and telegraphed to Gov. Dennison. Rosecrans again appealed to Gov. Dennison, that he might be aided in march- ing across the country against Floyd and Wise to Cox's relief, "I want to catch Floyd while Cox holds him in front." The response was immediate and effective. He was enabled to employ twenty-three Ohio regiments in clearing his department from rebels, securing the country and guarding the exposed railroads. With this achievement, the direct relation of the State administrations with the conduct and methods of campaigns terminated. The General Government had settled down to a sys- tem. Ohio was busy organizing and equipping regiments, caring for the sick and wounded, and sustaining her home strength. Gov. Dennison's staff officers were tendered better positions in the national service. Camps Dennison and Chase, one at Cincinnati and the other at Columbus, were controlled by the United States authorities. A laboratory was established at Columbus for the supply of ammunition. During the fall and early winter, the Ohio troops suffered in Western Virginia. The people of their native State responded with blankets, clothing and other supplies. In January, 1862, David A. Tod entered upon the duties of Governor. The first feature of his administration was to care for the wounded at home, sent from Pittsburg Landing. A regular system was inaugurated to supply stores and clothing to the suffering at home and in the field. Agencies Avere established, and the great and good work was found to be most efficacious in alleviating the wretchedness consequent upon fearful battles. A. B. Lyman HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 185 had charge of affairs in Cincinnati, and Royal Taylor held the same position in Louisville. J. C. Wetmore Avas stationed at AVashington, F. W. Bingham at Memphis, Weston Flint at Cairo and St. Louis. Thus the care which Ohio extended over her troops at home and in the battle-field, furnished a practical example to other States, and was the foundation of that commendable system all over the Union. Stonewall Jackson's sudden advent in the valley created the greatest consternation lest the safety of the capital be jeopardized, and the War Department called for more troops. Gov. Tod immediately issued a proclamation, and the people, never shrinking, responded heartily. At Cleve- land a large meeting was held, and 250 men enlisted, including 27 out of 32 students attending the law school. Fire bells rang out the alarm at Zanesville, a meeting was convened at 10 in the morning, and by 3 in the afternoon, 300 men had enlisted. Court was adjourned sine die, and the Judge announced that he and the lawyers were about to enter into military ranks. Only three unmarried men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three were left in the town of Putnam. Five thousand volunteers reported at Camp Chase within two days after the proclamation. Again in June, the President called for troops, followed by yet another call. Under these calls, Ohio was to raise 74,000 men. The draft system Avas advised to hasten and facilitate filling regiments. It has always been a repul- sive measure. To save sections from this proceeding, enormous sums were ofiered to induce men to volunteer, and thus fill the quota. Counties, townships, towns and individuals, all made bids and urged the rapid enlistment of troops. The result was, that the regiments were filled rap- idly, but not in sufficient numbers to prevent the draft. Twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-seven men were yet lacking, and the draft was ordered, September 15. At the close of the year, Ohio Avas ahead of her calls. Late in the fall, the prospect was disheartening. The peninsula campaign had failed. The Army of Northern Virginia had been hurled back nearly to Washington. The rebels had invaded Maryland ; Cincinnati and Louisville were threatenedy and the President had declared his intention to abolish slavery, as a war meas- ure. During the first part of 1862, artillery, stores and supplies were carried away mysteriously, from the Ohio border ; then little squads ventured OA^er the river to plunder more openly, or to burn a bridge or two. The rebel bands came swooping down upon isolated supply trains, sending insolent roundabout messages regarding their next day's intentions. Then came invasions of our lines near Nashville, capture of squads of guards within sight of camp, the seizure of Gallatin. After Mitchell had entered Northern Alabama, all manner of depre- dations were committed before his very eyes. These were attributed to John Morgan's Kentucky cavalry. He and his men, by the middle of 1862, were as active and dangerous as Lee or Beauregard and their troops. Morgan was a native of Alabama, but had lived in Kentucky since boyhood. His father was large slave-owner, who lived in the center of the "Blue Grass Country." His 186 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. life had been one of wild dissipation, adventure and recklessness, although in his own family he had the name of being most considerate. The men who fol- lowed him were accustomed to a dare-devil life. They formed and independent band, and dashed madly into the conflict, wherever and whenever inclination prompted. Ohio had just raised troops to send East, to assist in the overthrow of Stonewell Jackson. She had overcome her discouragements over failures, for the prospects were brightening. Beauregard had evacuated Corinth ; Mem- phis had fallen ; Buell was moving toward Chattanooga ; Mitchell's troops held Northern Tennessee and Northern Alabama ; Kentucky was virtually in the keeping of tlie home guards and State military board. And now, here was Morgan, creating confusion in Kentucky by his furious raids ! On the 11th of July, the little post of Tompkinsville fell. He issued a call for the Kentuckians to rise in a body. He marched toward Lexington, and the southern border of Ohio was again in danger. Cincinnati was greatly excited. Aid was sent to Lexington and home guards were ready for duty. Morgan was not prominent for a day or so, but he was not idle. By the 9th of July, he held possession of Tompkinsville and Glasgow ; by the 11th, of Lebanon. On tlie 13th, he entered Harraldsburg ; Monday morning he was within fifteen miles of Frank- fort. He had marched nearly 400 miles in eight days. Going on, toward Lexington, he captured the telegraph operator at Midway, and his messages also ! He was now aware of the plans of the Union armies at Lexington, Louisville, Cincinnati and* Frankfort. In the name of the operator, he sent word that jMorgan was driving in the pickets at Frankfort ! Now that he had thrown his foes off guard, he rested his men a couple of days. He decided to let Lexington alone, and swept down on Cynthiana, routing a few hundred loyal Kentucky cavalrymen, capturing the gun and 420 prisoners, and nearly 300 horses. Then he was off to Paris ; he marched through Winchester, Richmond, Crab Orchard and Somerset, and again crossed the Cumberland River. He started with 900 men and returned with 1,200, having captured and paroled nearly as many, besides destroying all the Government arms and stores in seven- teen towns. The excitement continued in Cincinnati. Two regiments were hastily formed, for emergencies,- known as Cincinnati Reserves. Morgan's raid did not reach the city, but it demonstrated to the rebel forces what might be accomplished in the " Blue Grass " region. July and August were passed in gloom. Bragg and Buell were both watchful, and Chattanooga had not been taken. Lexington was again menaced, a battle fought, and was finally deserted because it could not be held. Louisville was now in danger. The banks sent their specie away. Railroad companies added new guards. September 1, Gen. Kirby Smith entered Lexington, and dispatched Heath with about six tliousand men against Cincinnati and Covington. John Morgan joined him. The rebels rushed upon the borders of Ohio. The failure at Rich- mond only added deeper apprehension. Soon Kirby Smith and his regiments HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 189 occupied a position where only a few unmanned siege guns and the Ohio prevented his entrance through Covington into the Queen City. The city was fully armed, and Lew. Wallace's arrival to take command inspired all with fresh courage. And before the people were hardly aware that danger was so near, the city was proclaimed under strict martial law. " Citizens for labor, soldiers for battle." There was no panic, because the leaders were confident. Back of Newport and Covington breastworks, riflepits and redoubts had been hastily thrown up, and pickets were thrown out. From Cincinnati to Covington extended a pon- ton bridge. Volunteers marched into the city and those already in service were sent to the rescue. Strict military law was now modified, and the city being secured, some inconsiderate one* expressed themselves as being outraged with " much ado»about nothing." But Gen. Wallace did not cease his vigilance. And Smith's force began to move up. One or two skirmishes ensued. The city was again excited. September 11 was one of intense suspense. But Smith did not attack in force. He was ordered to join Bragg. On the Mon- day following, the citizens of Cincinnati returned to their avocations. In the spring of 1863, the State was a trifle discouraged. Her burdens had been heavy, and she was weary. Vicksburg was yet in the hands of the enemy. Rosecrans had not moved since his victory at Stone River. There had been fearful slaughter about Fredericksburg. But during July, 1863, Ohio was aroused again by Bragg's command to Morgan, to raid Kentucky and capture Louisville. On the 3d of July, he was in a position to invade Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. He continued his depre- dations, bewildering the militia with his movements. His avowed intention was to burn Indianapolis and " take Cincinnati alive." Morgan's purposes were never clear. It was his audacious and sudden dashes, here and there, which gave him success. Before Cincinnati was aware, he was at Harrison — 13th of July. He expected to meet the forces of Burnside and Judah, and to cut his way through. His plans here, as everywhere, were indefinable, and he succeeded in deceiving everybody. While printers in Cincinnati were setting up " reports " as to his whereabouts, he was actually marching through the sub- urbs, near troops enough to devour them, and yet not encountered by a single picket ! They fed their horses within sight of Camp Dennison. At 4 o'clock that day, they were within twenty-eight miles of Cincinnati — having marched more than ninety miles in thirty-five hours. The greatest chagrin was expressed, that Morgan had so easily eluded the great military forces. A sudden dash was made to follow him. There was a universal bolting of doors, burying of valuables, hiding of horses, etc., all along the route of the mad cavalryman and his 2,000 mounted men. They plundered beyond all comparison. They made a principle of it. On the 14th of July, he was feeding his horses near Dennison ; he reached the ford at Buffi ngton Island on the evening of the 18th ; he had encountered several little skirmishes, 190 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. but he had marched through at his own will, mostly ; all the troops of Kentucky had been outwitted. The Indiana forces had been laughed to scorn. The 50,000 Ohio militia had been as straws in his way. The intrepid band would soon be upon friendly soil, leaving a blackened trail behind. But Judah was up and marching after him, Hobson followed and Col. Runkle was north of him. The local militia in his advance began to impede the way. Near Pome- roy, a stand was made. Morgan found militia posted everywhere, but he suc- ceeded in running the gantlet, so far as to reach Chester. He should have hastened to cross the ford. Fortunately, he paused to breathe his horses and secure a guide. The hour and a half thus lost Avas the first mistake Morgan is known to have made in his military career. They reached Portland, and only a little earthwork, guarded by about 300 men, stood between him and safety. His men were exhausted, and he feared to lead them to a night attack upon a position not understood perfectly ; he would not abandon his wagon train, nor his wounded ; he would save or lose all. As Morgan was preparing next morning, having found the earthworks deserted through the night, Judah came up. He repulsed the attack at first, capturing Judah's Adjutant General, and ordering him to hold the force on his front in check. He was not able to join his own company, until it was in full retreat. Here Lieut. O'Neil, of the Fifth Indiana, made an impulsive charge, the lines were reformed, and up the Chester road were Hobson's gallant cavalrymen, who had been galloping over three States to capture this very Morgan ! And now the tin-clad gunboats steamed up and opened fire. The route was complete, but Morgan escaped with 1,200 men ! Seven hundred men were taken prisoners, among them Morgan's brother, Cols. Ward, Duke and Huffman. The prisoners were brought to Cincinnati, while the troops went after the fugitive. He was surrounded by dangers ; his men were exhausted, hunted down ; skirmishes and thrilling escapes marked a series of methods to escape — his wonderful sagacity absolutely brilliant to the very last — which was his capture, on the 26th, with 346 prisoners and 400 horses and arms. It may be added, that after several months of con- finement, Morgan and six prisoners escaped, on the 27th of November. Again was he free to raid in the " Blue Grass " country. John Brough succeeded Gov. Tod January 11, 1864. His first prominent work was with the Sanitary Commission. In February, of the same year, the President called for more troops. The quota of Ohio was 51,465 men. The call of March added 20,995. And in July was a third demand for 50,792. In December, the State was ordered to raise 26,027. The critical period of the war was evidently approaching. Gov. Brough instituted a reformation in the "promotion system " of the Ohio troops. He was, in many cases, severe in his measures. He ignored " local great men " and refused distinction as a bribe. The consequence was that he had many friends and some enemies. The acute- ness of his policy was so strong, and his policy so just, that, after all his severe administration, he was second to no statesman in the nation during the struggle. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 191 Ohio during the war was most active in her relief and aid societies. The most noted and extensive organization was the Cincinnati Branch of the United States Sanitary Commission. The most efficient organization was the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. ^ When the happy tidings swept over the land that peace Avas proclaimed, an echo of thanksgiving followed the proclamation. The brave sons of Ohio returned to their own soil — those who escaped the carnage. But 'mid the rejoicing there was deepest sadness, for a fragment only remained of that brave army which had set out sturdily inspired with patriotism. A BRIEF MENTION OF PROxMINENT OHIO GENERALS. George Briton McClellan, the first General appointed in Ohio, was born December 3, 1826, in Philadelphia. His father Avas a physician of high stand- ing and Scottish descent. Young George was in school in Philadelphia, and entered West Point at the age of sixteen. At the age of twenty, he was a bre- vet Second Lieutenant, tracing lines of investment before Vera Cruz, under the supervision of Capt. R. E. Lee, First Lieut. P. G. T. Beauregard, Second Lieut. G. W. Smith. At the close of the Mexican war, old Col. Totten reported in favor of them all to Winfield Scott. He had charge of an exploring expedition to the mountains of Oregon and Washington, beginning with the Cascade Range. This was one of a series of Pacific Raihvay explorations. Returning to Wash- ington, he was detailed to visit the West Indies and secretly select a coaling sta- tion for the United States Navy. He was dispatched by Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, to Europe, with instructions to take full reports of the organ- ization of military forces connected Avith the Crimean war. This work elicited entire satisfaction. He returned in January, 185T, resigned as regular army officer, and was soon installed as engineer of Illinois Central Railroad. In 1860, he was President of the Ohio & Mississippi. He removed to Cincinnati, Avhere he was at the opening of the Avar. William Starke Rosecrans was born September 6, 1819, in Delaware County, Ohio. His people were from Amsterdam. He was educated at West Point. When the war opened, he espoused the cause of the Union with enthusiastic zeal, and was appointed by McClellan on his staff as Engineer. June 9, he was Chief Engineer of the State under special laAV. Soon thereafter, he was Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio, and assigned to the command of Camp Chase, Columbus. On May 16, his commission was out as Brigadier General in the United States Army. This reached him and he was speedily sum- moned to active service, under Gen. McClellan. After the battle of Rich Moun- tain, he was promoted to the head of the department. In April, 1862, he was succeeded by Fremont, and ordered to Wash- ington to engage in immediate service for the Secretary of War. About the 15th of May, he was ordered to Gen. Halleck, before Corinth. He was relieved from his command December 9, 1864. 192 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Ulysses S. Grant, whose history we cannot attempt to give in these pages, was born on the banks of the Ohio, at Point Pleasant, Clermont Co., Ohio, April 27, 1822. He entered West Point in 1839. " That the son of a tanner, poor and unpretending, without influential friends until his performance had won them, ill-used to the world and its ways, should rise — not suddenly, in the first blind worship of helpless ignorance which made any one who understood regimental tactics illustrious in advance for what he was going to do, not at all for what he had done — but slowly, grade by grade, through all the vicissitudes of constant service and mingled blunders and suc- cess, till, at the end of four years' war he stood at the head of our armies, crowned by popular acclaim our greatest soldier, is a satisfactory answer to criticism and a sufficient vindication of greatness. Success succeeds." " We may reason on the man's career ; we may prove that at few stages has lie shown personal evidence of marked ability ; we may demonstrate his mis- takes ; we may swell the praises of his subordinates. But after all, the career stands wonderful, unique, worthy of study so long as the nation honors her benefactors, or the State cherishes the good fame of the sons who contributed most to her honor." Lieut. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman was another Ohio contribution to the great Union war. He was born at Lancaster February 8, 1820, He entered West Point in June, 1836. His " march to the sea " has fully brought out the details of his life, since they were rendered interesting to all, and we refrain from repeating the well-known story. Philip H. Sheridan Avas born on the 6th of March, 1831, in Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio. He entered West Point in 1848. During the war, his career was brilliant. His presence meant victory. Troops fighting under his command were inspired. Gen. Rosecrans said of him, "He fights, he fights." A staff officer once said, "He is an emphatic human syllable." Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson was born in Sandusky County, town of Clyde, November 14, 1828. Maj. Gen. Q. A. Gillraore was born February 28, 1825, at Black River, Lorain Co., Ohio. Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell was born at Franklinton, Ohio, October 15, 1818. Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell was born near Marietta on the 23d of March, 1818. His grandfather on the maternal side was one of the first settlers of Cincinnati. Maj. Gen. 0. M. Mitchell was a native of Kentucky, but a resident of Ohio from the age of four years. Maj. Gen. Robert C. Schenck was born October 4, 1809, in Franklin, Warren Co., Ohio. Maj. Gen. James A. Garfield, was born in Orange, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, I^ovember 19, 1831. ISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO 193- Maj. Gen. Jacob D. Cox was born in Canada in 1828, and removed ta Ohio in 1846. Maj. Gen. James B. Steedman was born in Pennsylvania July 30, 1818, and removed to Toledo in 1861. Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley was born in Wayne County, Ohio, June 1,, 1828. Maj. Gen. George Crook was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, Septem- ber 8, 1828. Maj. Gen. Mortimer D. Leggett was born in New York April 19, 1831, and emigrated to Ohio, in 1847. Brevet Maj. Gen. John C. Tidball was born in Virginia, but removed while a mere lad to Ohio with his parents. Brevet Maj. Gen. John W. Fuller was born in England in 1827. He removed to Toledo in 1858. Brevet Maj. Gen. Manning F. Force was born in Washington, D. C., on. the 17th of December, 1824. He became a citizen of Cincinnati. Brevet Maj. Gen. Henry B. Banning was born in Knox County, Ohio, November 10, 1834. We add the names of Brevet Maj. Gens. Erastus B. Tyler, Thomas H. Ewing, Charles R. Woods, August V. Kautz, Rutherford B. Hayes, Charles C. Walcutt, Kenner Garrard, Hugh Ewing, Samuel Beatty, James S. Robinson,. Joseph W. Keifer, Eli Long, William B. Woods, John W. Sprague, Benjamin P. Runkle, August Willich, Charles Griffin, Henry J. Hunt, B. W. Brice. Brig. Gens. Robert L. McCook, William H. Lytle, William Leroy Smith, C. P. Buckingham, Ferdinand Van Derveer, George P. Este, Joel A. Dewey, Benjamin F. Potts, Jacob Ammen, Daniel McCook, J. W. Forsyth., Ralph P. Buckland, William H. Powell, John G. Mitchell, Eliakim P. Scam- mon, Charles G Harker, J. W. Reilly, Joshua W. Sill, N. C. McLean, Will- iam T. H, Brooks, George W. Morgan, John Beatty, William W. Burns, John S. Mason, S. S. Carroll, Henry B. Carrington, M. S. Wade, John P. Slough,. T. K. Smith. Brevet Brig. Gens. C. B. Ludlow, Andrew Hickenlooper, B. D. Fearing, Henry F. Devol, Israel Garrard, Daniel McCoy, W. P. Richardson, G. F. Wiles, Thomas M. Vincent, J. S. Jones, Stephen B. Yeoman, F. W. Moore, Thomas F. Wilder, Isaac Sherwood, C. H. Grosvenor, Moses E. Walker, R. N. Adams, E. B. Eggleston, I. M. Kirby. We find numerous other names of Brevet Brigadier Generals, mostly of late appointments, and not exercising commands in accordance with their brevet rank, which we omit quoting through lack of space. They are the names of men of rare abilities, and in many cases of brilliant achievements. In looking over the "War Record of Ohio," we find the State a great leader in men of valor and heroic deeds. It was the prolific field of military geniuses. 194 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. Ohio was draped with the garb of mourning at the close of the war. Her human sacrifice in behalf of the nation had been bitter. There were tears and heart-aches all over the land. Her ranks were swept by a murderous tire, from which they never ilinched, and many olllcers fell. Col. John II. Patrick will be remembered as opening the battle of Lookout Mountain. He fell mortally wounded, during the Atlanta campaign, jMay 15, 1862, while actively engaged. He was struck by a canister shot, and expired half a hour thereafter. Col. John T. Toland, in July, 1SG3, was placed in command of a mounted brigade, including his regiment, and Avas instructed to destroy the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad. He reached Wytheville, Va., on the afternoon of the 18th of July. The rebels were safely intrenched in the house, and poured a galling fire nito the national troops. Col. Toland was on horseback, at the head of his command. A sharpshooter sent a bullet with fivtal certainty, and he fell on the neck of his horse, but was instantly caught by his Orderly Sergeant, who heard the fervent words : " My horse and my sword to my mother." Lieut. Col. Barton S. Kyle accompanied his regiment to the battle of Pitts- burg Landing. The regiment was forced back, though resisting bravely. Lieut. Col. Kyle was at his post of duty, encouraging his men, Avhen he received a bullet in his riajht breast. He survived five hours. Col. William G. Jones was engaged m the battle of Chickamauga, June, 1863. His regiment, the Thirty-sixth Ohio, was included in Turchin's Brigade of the Fourteenth Corps. He Avrote in his pocket memoranda : " Oft' to the left ; merciful Father, have mercy on me and my regiment, and protect us from injury and death " — at 12 o'clock. At 5 that afternoon, he was fatally wounded and expired at 7 that same evening, on the battle-field His remains were taken by the rebels, but in December, 1863, they were exhumed and interred in Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati. Col. Fred. C. Jones held command of the Tenth Brigade, in October, 1862, marching from AVild Cat, Ky., to Nashville, through a perpetual skirmish, During the battle of Stone River, Col. Jones' regiment, the Twenty-fourth, was on the front and left of the line. During the afternoon, when the rebel assault upon the left became furious. Col. Jones ordered his men to lie down and hold fire, which was obeyed. They rose to pour a deadly volley into the rebel ranks, and rush forward in a fierce charge. The capture of an entire rebel regiment was thus eftected, but Col. Jones was shot in the right side. He was carried to the rear. " I know it ; I am dying now ; pay no attention to me, but look after my wounded men." He survived about ten hours. His remains are buried in Spring Grove. Cincinnati. Col. Lorin Andrews went with his command to Western Virginia, where he succumbed to exposure and severe duty. He was removed to his home, Gambier. Ohio, where he died surrounded by friends September 18, 1861. HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 195 Col. Minor Milliken was sent to repel the attacks of the rebels at the rear, lie led a superb cavalry charge against the enemy, vastly superior in numbers, and was cut off vrith a small portion of his regiment. He disdained to sur- render, and ordered his men to cut their way out. A hand-to-hand conflict ensued. Col. Milliken, being an expert swordsman, was able to protect himself with his saber. While parrying the strokes of his assailant, anotlier shot him. The regiment, again charging, recovered his body, stripped of sword, purse and watch. Col. George P. AVebster, with his regiment, the Ninety-eighth, left Steu- benville for Covington, Ky., August 23, 1862, marching from that point to Lex- ington and Louisville. He was placed at the command of the Thirty-fourth Brigade, Jackson's division, Cooke's corps. He fell in the battle of Perryville, and died on the field of battle. Col. Leander Stem was appointed Colonel of the One Hundred and First Ohio Infantry August 30, 1862. His premonitions that he should fall during his first regular engagement proved too true. As the army was advancing on Murfreesboro, the engagement of Knob Gap occurred, when Col. Stem's regi- ment charged and took a rebel battery, with several prisoners. The army closed around Murfreesboro, and on the* evening of the 30th, the One Hun- dred and First was engaged in demonstrations against the enemy. Next morning, the battle of Stone River began in earnest. When Col. Stem's regi- ment began to waver, he called out: "Stand by the flag now, for the good old State of Ohio ! ' ' and instantly fell, fatally wounded. Lieut. Col. Jonas D. Elliott held his position in May, 1863. During the summer of 1864, he commanded the left wing of the regiment at Dodsonville, Ala.; in September, he Avas sent after Wheeler, and was ordered into camp at Decatur. On the 23d, he was dispatched to Athens, to participate in the attack of Gen. Forrest, of the rebels. Col. Elliott was sent out, with 300 men, and being surrounded by Gen. Forrest, with vastly superior numbers, a forced resist- ance enabled them to sustain their own ground, until a fresh brigade of rebels arrived, under Gen. Warren. This officer instructed one of his men to shoot Lieut. Col. Elliott, and a moment later he fell. He lingered nineteen days. Col. Joseph L, Kirby Smith took command of the Forty-third Ohio Regi- ment. He fell at the battle of Corinth, under Rosecrans. Lieut. Col James W. Shane fell, June 27, 1864, in an assault upon the enemy's works at Kenesaw. He survived but forty minutes. Col. Augustus H. Coleman displayed the abilities of a successful commander. He was in the first charge on the bridge across Antietam Creek. He was fatally wounded. His last words were inquiries regarding his men. Col. J. W. Lowe commanded the Twelfth Ohio, and was ordered to assist the Tenth in the battle of Carnifex Ferry. Cheering his men, in the thickest of the fight, a rifle ball pierced his forehead, and he fell dead — the first field officer from Ohio killed in battle in the war for the L'^nion. 196 HISTORY OF THE STATlj) OF OHIO. Lieut, Col. Moses F. Wooster was engaged witli liis regiment, the One Hun- dred and First Ohio, at Perryville. He was mortally wounded on the 81st of December, 1862, in the grand effort to stem the tide of defeat at Stone River. The list of staff officers we refrain from giving, through lack of space. At the opening of the war, William Dennison was Governor of Ohio. David Tod succeeded him. John Brough was the third War Governor. Secretary Edwin M. Stanton was one of the most popular war Ministers. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, in 1815 ; he was engaged in the United States Circuit Court, in 1860, in a leading law suit, at Cincinnati, known as the Manny and McCormick reaper trial ; on the 20th of January, 1862, he was appointed Secretary of War by Mr. Lincoln. Ex-Secretary Salmon P. Chase's public services in Ohio have already been mentioned in these pages. In 1861, he was appointed Secretary of the Treas- ury, in Mr. Lincoln's cabinet. United States Senator B. F. Wade made his reputation in Ohio. This Senator of the State stood at the head of the Committee on the Conduct of the War throughout its duration. United States Senator John Sherman was a leading member of the Finance Committee, during the war. For some time he was its Chairman. Jay Cooke was the financial agent of the Government, furnishing money for the payment of the troops. He was born in Portland, Huron Co., Ohio. In our brief review of the war record of Ohio, we have omitted a vast amount of detail information that would prove interesting to our readers. We believe we have been accurate in whatever we have given, taking as our authority, that accepted "encyclopedia" of Ohio war facts — Whitelaw Reid, who has pub- lished a valuable volume on the subject. SOME DISCUSSED SUBJECTS. It may be well in glancing over the achievements of Ohio, her momentous labors and grand successes, to refer to the Ordinance of 1787, more minutely than Ave have done, in relation to many events, since its inherent principles are not only perpetuated in the laws of the entire Northwest, but have since been woven into the general Constitution of the U^nited States. It made permanent the standard and character of immigration, social culture and political and edu- cational institutions. It was thoroughly antislavery and denounced involuntary servitude, which was sanctioned in every other State at that time, with the exception of Massachusetts. It protected religion and property. As late as 1802, Gen. William Henry Harrison, Governor of Indiana, called a convention for the purpose of considering the slavery question, and the feasibility of intro- ducing the system in the new States and Territories being formed. There was at this time a spirited contest, and Illinois, Indiana and possibly Ohio, barely escaped a decision that a full support should be given its introduction HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 197 into these States. Its adoption was based upon certain specifications and limits of time, which upon a deeper consideration wis deemed perplexing and impractical. An animated discussion arose not long since, regarding the correct author- ship of this important ordinance, and its chief worker in gaining its sanction by Congress. Mr. Webster ascribed its authorship to Mathew Dane, of Massachusetts, which statement was immediately refuted by Mr. Benton, of Mississippi, who laid claim to it as the birthright of Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia. It has been almost impossible to obtain accurate reports of the actions of the old Continental Congress, from the fact that its meetings were held in secret, and any reports either narrated or shown in schedules or lists, were deemed a striking lack of trust on the part of the person who furnished the information. It was sufficient that its acts and conclusions be proclaimed without any prelude or reasoning process. Hence it has been difficult to obtain early Congressional documents. But it has been conclusively proven that the great motive power in gaining the approbation of the Ordinance of 1787, was neither Dane nor Jeffi^rson, but Dr. Cutler. He arrived at New York, July 5 of that year, after a journey from Ipswich, Mass., in his sulky. He obtained lodgings at the "Plow and Harrow," and saw that his good horse was properly cared for and fed at the same place. Congress was then in session, and he had come on a mission for the Ohio Com- pany, to negotiate their grant and its privileges in the new Territory of Ohio. He remained in New York three weeks, constantly engaged in the work vital to the interests of the future great State. But he secured the installment of the principles deemed the corner-stone of a future powerful State constitution. Mr. Poole, Librarian of the Chicago Public Library, searched assiduously for con- clusive proof of Dr. Cutler's right to this honor, and in the North American Review, Vol. 122, this is emphatically set forth with substantiating proof under his signature. Other facts have been discussed and proven at a very recent date, relative to the State of Ohio, which heretofore have been omitted, and nearly lost from the historic thread which unites the present with the past. The first settlement of the lands of the Northwest is necessarily surrounded with interest. But those were exciting, troublesome times, and a few links were passed over lightly. However, the years are not so far removed in the past but the line may be traced. Mr. Francis W. Miller, of Cincinnati, has supplied some missing chapters. The earliest documentary trace extant, regarding the southern settlement at Cincinnati, is an agreement of partnership between Denman, Filson and Pat- terson, in the fractional section of land to which the city of Cincinnati was originally Ijjnited. It bears the date August 25, 1788. This was entered on the records of Hamilton County, Ohio, October 6, 1803. 198 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. A letter from Jonathan Dayton to the Hon. Judge Symmes, dated Septem- ber 26, 1789, says: "You have been selling your lands, I am told, for two shillings specie, the acre. The price at this moment is, and seems to be, and undoubtedly is, a good one ; but as much cannot be said of it when you find hereafter that in consequence of the rise of certificates, another acre, in another payment, may cost you in specie two shillings and sixpence." A letter from John C. Symmes to Capt. Dayton, dated April 30, 1790, says: "The land in the reserved township is held at much too' high a price. Not a foot of land beyond the five-acre lots will sell. Five shillings, specie, or two dollars in certificates, is the utmost they will bring, and they will rarely sell at that." This state of affairs was in a large degree brought about by the breaking-up of North Bend and a removal of the town to Fort Washington, or Cincinnati, later. A search through the old letters and other preserved documents prove that North Bend was at one time the beginning of the great city on the Ohio, rather than Cincinnati. Judge Symmes wrote, May 18, 1789 : " I have not as yet been able to make a decisive choice of a plat for the city, though I have found two pieces of ground, both eligible, but not upon the present plan of a regular square. It is a question of no little moment and difficulty to deter- mine which of these spots is preferable, in point of local situation. I know that at first thought men will decide in favor of that on the Ohio, from the supposition that the Ohio will command more trade and business than the Miami. * * * j^^^ jf j^ -were built on the Miami, the settlers throughout the purchase would find it very convenient." Another of the earliest selections of town sites was adjacent to the most southerly point of what is now Delhi Township. To this the name of South Bend was given. Judge Symmes reports November 4, 1790, of this place, over forty framed and hewed-log two-story houses, since the preceding spring. Ensign Luce is said to have taken his troops to North Bend, but decided to remove to Cincinnati, on account of the object of his affections having settled there — the wife of a settler. But this story is refuted by contradictory evi- dence from Judge Symmes' letters, which illustrate the fact that the post of North Bend was abandoned by Ensign Luce and his men in consequence of a panic, caused by Indian attacks. The removal of the troops caused a general decline of the town. Again, history and letters from the same eminent Judge, assert that Fort Washington was completed and garrisoned by Maj. Doughty before the close of that same year, and was begun by him during the summer, that Ensign Luce must have still been at his post at. the bend at that time. It has been, therefore, recently accepted that the traditional "black eyes" and the "Indian panic," had nothing to do with the founding of Cincinnati, and that the advantages of the position gained the victory. Cincinnati has advanced, not only in prosperity and culture, but in national signifi'^ance. Our readers must have observed, in perusing these pages, that HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 199 from this city and the State which it represents, have emanated some of the superior intellects which have used their wise faculties and talents, tempered by a wise judgment, in behalf of the American Union. The originality of the Senecas and Wyandots have been debated at some length, while others have called the tribes the same, having two branches. We have searched the earlier records and have found an authenticated account of these two tribes. The Indian tribes of Ohio were originally bold, fierce and stalwart. The country watered by the Sandusky and its tributaries was frequented by the "Wyandot tribe, who came from the north side of the St. Lawrence River. The Senecas were blood relatives of this tribe. Both tribes were numbered by the thousands. A war originated between them, in this manner: A Wyandot chief desired to wed the object of his affections, who laughed him to scorn, because he had taken no scalps, and was no warrior " to speak of." To change her opinion, he led out a party, and falling upon a number of Senecas, slaugh- tered them mercilessly, that he might hasten to the side of his dusky belle, with his trophies. This act inaugurated hostilities, which extended through a century. The Wyandots began to fear extermination, and, gathering their entire effects the natives escaped to Green Bay, and settled in several villages. But the Sen- ecas made up a war party and followed them, killing many Wyandots and burn- ing some of their villages. They then returned to Canada. Soon thereafter, they secured fire-arms from the French. Again they followed the Wyandots, firing their guns into their huts, and frightening them severely. They did not succeed as well as they expected. But the third party nearly exterminated the villages, because the young warriors were nearly all gone to war with the Foxes. The few at home escaping, promised to return with the Senecas, but desired two days for preparation. The Wyandots sent word to the two villages left undisturbed, and held a consultation. They decided to go as near the Senecas as possible, unobserved, and discover their real motive. They found them feast- ing on two roasted Wyandots, shouting over their victory. They danced nearly all night, and then fell asleep. A little before daylight, the Wyandots fell on them, leaving not one to carry back the news. The Wyandots then procured guns, and began to grow formidable. They set out to return to their own country, and proceeded on their way as far as Detroit, where they met a party of Senecas, on the lake. A fierce conflict ensued, and the Wyandots beheld the Senecas fall, to the last man, suffering fearful carnage themselves. They soon settled in this part of the world, their principal village being on the Sandusky. Northwestern Ohio was particularly dangerous with new Indian tribes, and the Wyandots were cruelly aggressive. The death of their chief, and their total defeat by Harrison, destroyed their power forever. On tlie 29th of September, 1817, a treaty was held, at the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, 200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO Commissioners of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawattomie, Ottawa and Chippewa nations. All their lands in Ohio ivere ceded to the United States forever. There was really not a Seneca in the Seneca nation. They were chiefly Cayugas, Mohawks, Onondagas, Tuscarawas, Wyandots and Oneidas. But the Mingoes were originally Cayugas, and their chief was the celebrated Logan. After the murder of his family by the whites, the Mingoes were scattered over the territory northwest of the Ohio. The notorious Simon Girty was adopted by the Senecas. Girty's name Avas a terror and fiendish horror for many years. He not only led the Indians in their atrocities, but he added barbarism to their native wickedness. CONCLUSION. When peace was proclaimed, after the surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee to Gen. U. S. Grant, the volunteer troops disbanded, and a return to home indus- ti'ies instituted, Ohio, like many other States, gave direct attention to the inter- ests of returned soldiers. The thrift of the State was augmented by a spasmodic, and thereafter recognized as a fictitious, demand for products, commercial and industrial pursuits redoubled their forces. But the great wave of stagnation swept over this fair land — the re-action of a war excitement. Laborers were many, but Avages were inadequate. Deeper and deeper settled this lethargy — called by many " hard times" — until the wheels of commercial life revolved slowly, and from the workshops and the factories went up the echoes of priva- tion and distress. There Avas no famine, no fever, no epidemic, it was simply exhaustion. In the larger cities there was much suffering. Idle people loitered about, barely seeking employment, the task seeming worse than hopeless. During the years 1870, 1871 and 1872, the stringent measures brought about by the depressed state of business retarded any material advancement in general matters. The years 1873-74 were marked by a preceptible improve- ment, and a few factories were established, while larger numbers Avere employed in those already founded. The year 1875 Avas under the direction of a Demo- cratic Legislature. It Avas marked in many respects by a " reverse motion " in many laAvs and regulations. The Legislature Avhich conA^ened in 1876, January 3, was Republican in the main. It repealed the " Geghan LaAv " passed by the preceding body. At the time of its adoption, there was the most intense feeling throughout the State, the charge being made that it was in the interests of the Catholics. Among the general enactments were laws re-organizing the government of the State insti- tutions, Avhich the previous Legislature had ordered according to their own belief to follow new doctrines. The office of Comptroller of the Treasury was abolished. The powers of municipal corporations to IcA^y taxes was limited, and their authority to incur debts Avas limited. Furthermore, this body proliibitcd any municipal appropriations, unless the actual money was in the Treasury to meet HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 201 the same in full. A law was passed for the protection of children under fourteen years of age, exhibited in public shows. The temperance cause received more vigorous and solid support than was ever rendered by the State previously. A common-sense, highly moral and exalted platform was formed and supported by many leading men. This year witnessed the serious "strikes" among the miners in Stark and Wayne Counties. The consequences were painful — distress, riots and distruc- tion of property. The State Mine Inspector reported 300 coal mines in the State, with only twenty-five in operation. Not over 3,000,000 tons of coal were raised during the year, owing to the dullness of the times. The State charities reported the aggregate number under public care to be 29,508. The taxation for the maintenance of these classes was one and one six-hundredth of a mill on each dollar of taxable property. The reports given of the year 1877 indicated a revival of business interests and prosperity. The State produced of wheat, 27,306,566 bushels ; rye, 914,106 bushels; buckwheat, 225,822 bushels; oats, 29,325,611; barley, 1,629,817 bushels ; corn, 101,884,305 bushels ; timothy, tons of hay, 2,160,334 ; clover, tons of hay, 286,265; flax, pounds of fiber, 7,343,294; potatoes, 10,504,278 bushels; sweet potatoes, 126,354| bushels; tobacco, 24,214,950 pounds; sorghum, sugar, 7,507|^ pounds; syrup, 1,180,255 gallons; maple sugar, 1,625,215 pounds; maple syrup, 324,036 gallons; honey, 1,534,902 pounds. The year 1878 was marked by a more vigorous and combined effort of the people to entirely overcome the stagnation of business, the influence of the lethargy yet combating the awakened interest. This energy was amply rewarded in 1879, by a general dawning of the "good times " so ardently desired. New enterprises were instituted, manufactories erected, improvements carried on, and agriculture was successful. Before the year closed, the State was basking in the light of prosperity, and the year 1880 was ushered in when the confidence of the people was again a permanent incentive — confidence in the nation, their State, each in the other and themselves. The old-time crown of power, influence and integrity, which Ohio has earned, is conspicuous in this year of 1881. The jewels have been reset, and we confidently doubt not that their luster will remain undimmed intrusted to so faithful and so earnest a people. 202 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. ^ POPULATION OF OHIO BY COUNTIES. COUNTIES 18-20 1 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 The State 581434 1 937903 1519467 19803-29 '2539511 2665-260 Adams 1 10106 12-281 578 13183 9079 1S8S3 12109 •23813 28767 18^215 11338 34600 27332 30789 17685 19782 '22178 30155 18838 33621 25674 18177 48099 20-270 0906 21817 185G8 30264 127-26 42909 7781 17063 17827 21946 30438 150844 10751 8251 20157 :j434 25781 14119 '20452 26203 12719 •29133 •28872 14054 15246 38846 19162 20086 1'2303 10015 '23735 12018 '24441 17971 7712 24999 '28:«1 38218 '28585 '20'280 45049 20309 19185 '22951 31814 21364 17187 36393 29958 35840 15738 22698 '253(H) 33034 21401 32830 25032 2388 1 78033 '26009 11886 •2390-2 24474 30538 15935 50361 14043 •2-2043 15SI7 261U7 '24474 21641U 22886 13570 19110 8901 27773 17057 •20589 '26616 17941 20115 27735 15576 23249 37011 20996 29744 25831 ia)I5 25894 15490 2-2517 26534 14104 29959 25741 52-230 '22119 20445 44416 20751 7016 4945 19678 23409 13043 24-208 218-20 1-2808 31158 35071 214-29 24297 30868 17493 42978 27344 30056 3-2463 10507 10238 13631 '26902 302(i8 3-2483 10633 17880 15-190 '20750 '23023 21933 32517 23768 '20011 39714 30802 39912 14491 24188 32070 34268 '21914 38-299 ■23600 25556 13-2010 3-2278 15719 25175 ■281 8S 31138 17170 63,;i9 17789 25545 14190 28038 23838 260370 23847 18714 18682 14028 29133 179-25 18177 28532 '21759 29188 203:?3 15935 31380 35756 23028 30308 46722 15033 3ia)l 10184 20092 81465 17-254 3-2740 25;79 04ai6 20363 18583 44886 19949 13304 8544 18453 24875 15147 24584 21809 17081 32515 37097 '25503 29302 30827 20748 52508 34674 3S659 33810 18730 158-23 15027 26089 40009 35116 20991 '24596 18553 24004 Allen 31823 3 / 7382 6338 14584 9787 •23724 19109 87139 5 28413 25443 49688 32726 42580 6 7 8 Belmont •203-29 13356 21746 28827 17867 -27142 30901 2-2715 •28173 18108 167-21 10882 '23100 15719 40378 21590 13152 20506 13-282 glButler 10 Carroll 16410 27817 41947 11 8+79 9533 15820 8085 2-2033 7086 1-2131 13114 20466 11436 35-92 11101 4791 10373 6-204 P Clark 13 14 Clermont 36713 15 382W 10 17 18 63-28 3717 190943 14 20 21 7639 11504 22000 12599 319-24 10984 '25049 27380 ?o Erie 82640 342R'^ 23 Fairfield 16633 6316 10292 '24786 8182 14741 ?4 20304 2.5 26 Fulton 21062 28124 27 Gallia 7098 7791 105-29 9292 31764 9733 15813 14801 18036 52317 813 210 20916 202 16345 4tKI8 9135 13341 5941 22489 17085 13444 16297 175-28 27748 60145 9986 4598 2(W99 •2503 2-2-269 9 (■•41 18088 23933 9744 25030 29579 13719 9738 35096 14015 1S407 9382 90-25 '}» 14255 29 30 Greene 31319 31 Hamilton 313308 27788 27028 20455 3-' 33 Hardin U Harrison 14345 35 Henry 20587 36 Highland — 1'2308 2130 30280 37 21120 38 20775 39 Huron 6675 3746 18531 83-26 81009 40 2S670 41 42 Jefferson Knox 83018 '27450 43 16320 44 3499 11861 3181 5367 20869 6440 5696 89068 45 Licking 40451 46 202P8 47 85525 48 07388 49 Madison 4799 6190 20 29 50 4-">807 51 Marion 6551 7500 6158 1110 1-2S07 8768 24362 11800 14765 18352 11452 8-277 19688 ia521 31938 20852 20504 52 3082 4480 21454 53 Meigs 32325 54 21808 55 8851 4015 15999 5297 30178 56 20197 57 58 Montgomery 78545 20074 59 19073 60 Muskingum 178-24 29334 38749 49780 61 Noble 21137 02 2248 1034 19344 197-25 7020 '22905 19482 5189 44532 27400 10182 11192 181-28 1'2154 »4603 2-2560 38107 25631 84-22 1577 3308 1706 20775 21006 10953 '24419 21736 7-221 30879 3-2074 14305 18428 27104 13958 39818 '27485 30490 31761 1-2-204 4793 9353 25560 29540 32981 8018 9157 11194 19703 63 Paulding 161 13970 KWOl 00-24 18826 16291 ■230 24006 240(58 2851 8740 5159 3671 26588 13490 64 84-29 13149 4-253 H1095 10-237 28218 65 06 Pickaway 27353 17927 67 Portage 27500 08 24534 69 Putnam '23718 70 71 Richland 9169 -20619 852 5750 30306 40R(V^ 7-? 3-2003 73 Scioto 33511 74 30955 Shelby 2106 1-2406 24136 76 stark 64027 77 Summit 43788 78 15546 8328 1996 26153 1429'^ 3192 49 44882 79 Tuscarawas 40197 80 22374 81 Van Wert 23a30 8? 17226 83 ■Warren 17837 UM25 11933 21468 11731 23333 387 1102 '23141 20823 35808 4465 5357 28392 84 43244 85 Wayno 37452 80 '238-21 87 ■Wood 733 84090 88 2-2401 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 203 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. States and Tkebitokiks. Alabama ArkaDsas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana M»ine Maryland Massachusetts . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina.. Ohio Oregon Area in square Miles. 50,722 52,1'J8 1S8,9S1 104,500 4,674 2,120 59,'268 58,U00 55,410 33,809 55,(M5 81,318 37,600 41,346 31,776 11,184 7,800 56,451 83,531 47,156 65,350 75,995 112,090 9,280 8,330 47.0110 50,704 39.964 95,244 Population. 1870 1880 996,992 484,471 560,24? 39,864 537, 1-25,015 187,748 1,184.109 2,539,891 1,680,037 1,191,792 364,399 1,321,011 726,915 626,915 780,894 1,457,361 1,184,059 439,706 827,922 1,721,295 r2;i,993 42,491 318,301 906,096 4,382,7,59 1,071,361 2,665,260 90,923 1,262,794 80-2,564 864,686 194,649 622,683 146,654 267, 1,539,048 .S,078,769 1,978,362 1,6-24,6-iO 995,966 1,648,708 940,103 648,945 934,G3: 1,783,012 1,636.,-531 780,80(i 1,131.592 2,168,804 452,133 6>,->65 346 984 1,130,983 5,083,810 1,400,04' 3,198,'239 174,767 Miles R.R. 1872 1,671 25 1,013 392 820 227 466 2,108 5,904 3,529 3,160 1,760 1,123 539 871 8-20 1,606 2,-2; 1,612 9 2,580 828 593 790 1,265 4,470 1,190 3,740 179 States and Territories. Area 'u square Miles. 46.000 1,306 29,385 45.600 237,504 10,212 40,904 23,000 53,924 2,054,671 113,916 147,490 60 90,932 143,776 121.201 80,056 69,944 93,107 860,482 Population. 8,521,791 217,353 705,606 1,258,520 818,579 330,551 1,225,163 442,014 1,054,670 4,282,786 276,52" 995,622 1,542,463 1,592,574 332,286 1,512,806 618,443 1,315,480 38,154,127 9,658 14,181 131,700 14,999 20,595' 91,8741 86,786 23,955 9,118 402,866 49,369,595 40,441 135,180 177,638 3-2,611 39,157 118,430 143,906 75,120 20,788 783,271 5,113 136 1,201 1,520 865 675 1,490 485 1.7-25 59.716 States. Pennsylvania Rhode Island .South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin Total States TetTitories. Arizona Dakota Dist. of Columbia. Idaho Montana New Mexico Utah Washington Wyoming Total Territoriejt Aggregate of U.S.. '2.915,203 33,55,5,983 60,852 •Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland. Miles R.R. 18i2 375 498 PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD; J^OPULATION AND ArEA. Countries. Population. China British Empire Russia United States with Alaska France Austria and Hungary .Tapaii Great Britain and Ireland. . . German Empire Italy Spam Brazil Turkey Mexico .. Sweden and Norway Persia Belgium Bavaria Portugal Holland J^ e w Grenada Chili Switzerland Peru Bolivia Argentine Republic Wurteniburg Denmark Venezuela Baden Greece Guatemala Ecuador Paraguay Hesse Liberia San Salvador Haytl Nicaragua Uruguay Hoiid n ras San Domingo Costa Rica Hawaii 446, 226; 81, 38. 36, 35, 34, 31, 29, 27, 16. 10. 16, 9, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 500.000 817,108 925,400 925,600 469,800 904,400 785,300 817,100 906,092 439,921 642,000 000.0110 463,000 173,000 921.500 000,000 021,300 861,400 995,200 688,300 000.000 000,000 669,100 500,000 000,000 812,000 ,818,500 784.700 500.000 461,400 ,457.900 ,180,000 300,000 ,000,000 823,138 718.000 600,000 572,000 350.000 300,000 3.50,000 136,000 165.000 62.950 Date of Census. 1871 1871 1871 1870 1866 1869 1871 1871 1871 1871 1867 1869 1870 1870 1869 1871 1868 1870 1870 1869 1870 1871 '1869 1871 1870 'isVi 1870 1871 'isfi 'isVi 1871 "1871 1871 1871 Area in Square Miles. 3.741.846 4,677,432 8.003,778 -2,603,884 204,091 240.348 149,399 121,315 160,207 118,847 195.775 3,253,029 672,621 761,526 292,871 635,964 11,373 29,292 34,494 12,680 357.157 132.616 15.992 471.838 497.321 871,848 7,533 14,753 368,238 5,912 19,353 40,879 218,928 63,787 2,969 9,576 7.335 10,205 58,171 66,722 47,092 17,827 21.505 7.633 Inhabitants to Square Mile. 119.3 48.6 10.2 7.78 178.7 149.4 232.8 262.3 187. 230.9 85. 3.07 24.4 20. 7.8 441.5 165.9 115.8 290.9 8.4 15.1 166.9 5.3 4. 2.1 241.4 120.9 4.2 247. 75.3 28.9 ,5.9 15.6 277. 74.9 81.8 56. 6. 6.5 7.4 7.6 7.7 Pekin London .St. Petersburg.. Washington Paris Vienna Yeddo London Berlin Rome Madrid Rio .Janeiro Constantinople , Mexico , Stockholm Teheran Brussels Munich Lisbon Hague Bogota •Santiago Berne Lima Chuquisaca Buenos Ayres.. Stuttgart t;opeuhagen Caraccas Carlsruhe Athens Guatemala Quito Asuncion Darmstadt Monrovia Sal Salvador . . . Port an Prince Managua Monte Video... c;oiiiayagua San Domingo... San .lose Honolulu Population, 1,648.800 3,251.800 667.000 109,199 1,825.300 833.900 1,5-54.900 3,251.800 825,400 244.464 332,000 420,000 1,075,000 210.300 136.900 120,000 314,100 169,500 224,063 90,100 45,000 115,400 36,000 160,100 25.000 177.800 91,600 162,042 47,000 36,600 43,400 40,000 70,000 48,000 30,000 3,000 15,000 20,000 10,000 44.500 12,000 20,000 2.000 7.63.3 200 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. COMMENTS UPON THE ORDINANCE OF 1787, FROM THE STATUTES OF OHIO, EDITED BY SALMON P. CHASE, AND PUB- LISHED IN THE YEAR 1833. [It would be difficult to find a more comprehensive review of the founda- tions of our system of laws than is given in the " Preliminary Sketch of the History of Ohio," by this distinguished representative of the bench and the bar of America. The work is now out of print, and is not easily obtained; besides, its great author has passed away; so these extracts are made more with a view of preserving old historical literature, than of introducing new; furthermore, the masses of the people have never had convenient access to the volumes, which, for the most part, have been in the hands of professional men only. The publication of the work first brought its compiler before the public, and marked the beginning of that career which, during its course, shaped the financial system of our country, and ended upon the Supreme Bench of the nation.] By the ordinance of 1785, Congress had executed in part the great national trust confided to it, by providing for the disposal of the public lands for the common good, and by prescribing the manner and terms of sale. By that of 1787, provision was made for successive forms of Territorial government, adapted to successive steps of advancement in the settlement of the Western country. It comprehended an intelligible system of law on the descent and conveyance of real property, and the transfer of personal goods. It also con- tained five articles of compact between the original States, and the people and States of the Territory, establishing certain great fundamental principles of governmental duty and private right, as the basis of all future constitutions and legislation, unalterable and indestructible, except by that final and common ruin, which, as it has overtaken all former systems of human polity, may yet overwhelm our American union. Never, probably, in the history of the world, did a measure of legislation so accurately fulfill, and yet so mightily exceed the anticipations of the legislators. The ordinance has been well described, as having been a pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night, in the settlement and government of the Northwestern States. When the settlers went into the wilderness, they found the law already there. It was impressed upon the soil itself, while it yet bore up nothing but the forest. The purchaser of land became, by that act, a party to the compact, and bound by its perpetual cove- nants, so far as its conditions did not conflict with the terms of the cessions of the States. ********* This remarkable instrument was the last gift of the Congress of the old confederation to the country, and it was a fit consummation of their glorious JC HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 207 labors. At the time of its promulgation, the Federal Constitution was under discussion in the convention ; and in a few months, upon the organization of the new national government, that Congress was dissolved, never again to re-as- semble. Some, and indeed most of the principles established by the articles of compact are to be found in the plan of 1784, and in the various English and American bills of rights. Others, however, and these not the least important, are original. Of this number are the clauses in relation to contracts, to slavery and to Indians. On the whole, these articles contain what they profess to con- tain, the true theory of American liberty. The great principles promulgated by it are wholly and purely American. They are indeed the genuine princi- ples of freedom, unadulterated by that compromise with circumstances, the effects of which are visible in the constitution and history of the Union. ********* The first form of civil government, provided by the ordinance, was now formally established within the Territory. Under this form, the people had no concern in the business of government. The Governor and Judges derived their appointments at first from Congress, and after the adoption of the Fed- eral Constitution, from the President. The commission of the former officer was for the term of three years, unless sooner revoked ; those of the latter were during good behavior. It was required that the Governor should reside within the Territory, and possess a freehold estate there, in one thousand acres of land. He had authority to appoint all officers of militia, below the rank of Generals, and all magistrates and civil officers, except the Judges and the Secretary of the Territory ; to establish convenient divisions of the whole dis- trict for the execution of progress, to lay out those parts to which the Indian titles might be extinguished into counties and townships. The Judges, or any two of them, constituted a court with common law jurisdiction. It was neces- sary that each Judge should possess a freehold estate in the territory of five hundred acres. The whole legislative power which, however, extended only to the adoption of such laws of the original States as might be suited to the cir- cumstances of the country, was vested in the Governor and Judges. The laws adopted were to continue in force, unless disapproved by Congress, until re- pealed by the Legislature, which was afterward to be organized. It was the duty of the Secretary to preserve all acts and laws, public records and executive proceedings, and to transmit authentic copies to the Secretary of Congress every six months. Such was the first government devised for the Northwestern Territory. It is obvious that its character, as beneficent or oppressive, depended entirely upon the temper and disposition of those who administrated it. All power, legisla- tive, judicial and executive, was concentrated in the Governor and Judges, and in its exercise they were responsible only to the distant Federal head. The expenses of the Government were defrayed in part by the United States, but were principally drawn from the' pockets of the people in the shape of fees. 208 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. This temporary system, however unfriendly as it seems to liberty, was, perhaps, so established upon sufficient reasons. The Federal Constitution had not then been adopted, and there were strong apprehensions that the people of the Territory might not be disposed to organize States and apply for admission into the Union. It was, therefore, a matter of policy so to frame the Territorial system as to create some strong motives to draw them into the Union, as States, in due time. The first acts of Territorial legislation were passed at Marietta, then the only American settlement northwest of the Ohio. The Governor and Judges did not strictly confine themselves within the limits of their legislative author- ity, as prescribed by the ordinance. When they could not find laws of the original States suited to the condition of the country, they supplied the want by enactments of their own. The earliest laws, from 1788 to 1795, were all thus enacted. The laws of 1788 provided for the organization of the militia; for the establishment of inferior courts; for the punishment of crimes, and for the limitations of actions; prescribed the duties of ministerial oflScers; regu- lated marriages, and appointed oaths of office. That the Governor and Judges in the enactment of these laws, exceeded their authority, without the slightest disposition to abuse it, may be inferred from the fact that except two, which had been previously repealed, they were all confirmed by the first Territorial Legislature. ' At this period there was no seat of government, properly called. The Governor resided at Cincinnati, but laws were passed whenever they seemed to be needed, and promulgated at any place where the Territorial legislators hap- pened to be assembled. Before the year of 1795, no laws were, strictly speak- ing, adopted. Most of them were framed by the Governor and Judges to answer particular public ends ; while in the enactmant of others, including all the laws of 1792, the Secretary of the Territory discharged, under the author- ity of an act of Congress, the functions of the Governor. The earliest laws, as has been already stated, were published at Marietta. Of the remainder, a few were published at Vincennes, and the rest at Cincinnati. In the year 1789, the first Congress passed an act recognizing the binding force of the ordinance of 1787, and adapting its provisions to the Federal Con- stitution. This act provided that the communications directed in the ordinance to be made to Congress or its officers, by the Governor, should thenceforth be made to the President, and that the authority to appoint with the consent of the Senate, and commission oflScers, before that time appointed and commis- sioned by Congress, should likewise be vested in that officer. It also gave the Territorial Secretary the power already mentioned, of acting in certain cases, in the place of the Governor. In 1792, Congress passed another act giving to the Governor and Judges authority to repeal, at their discretion, the laws by HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. 209 them made; and enabling a single Judge of the general court, in the absence of his brethren, to hold the terms. At this time the Judges appointed by the national Executive constituted the Supreme Court of the Territory. They were commissioned during good behavior; and their judicial jurisdiction extended over the whole region north- west of the Ohio. The court, thus constituted, was fixed at no certain place, and its process, civil and criminal, was returnable wheresoever it might be in the Territory. Inferior to this court were the County Courts of Common Pleas, and the General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. The former consisted of any number of Judges, not less than three nor more than seven, and had a general common-law jurisdiction, concurrent, in the respective counties, with that of the Supreme Court; the latter consisted of a number of Justices for each county, to be determined by the Governor, who were required to hold three terms in every year, and had a limited criminal jurisdiction. Single Judges of the Common Pleas, and single Justices of the Quarter Sessions, were also clothed with certain civil and criminal powers to be exercised out of court. Besides these courts, each county had a Judge of Probate, clothed with the ordinary jurisdiction of a Probate Court. Such was the original constitution of courts and distribution of judicial power in the Northwestern Territory. The expenses of the system were de- frayed in part by the National Government, and in part by assessments upon the counties, but principally by fees, which were payable to every officer con- cerned in the administration of justice, from the Judges of the General Court downward. In 1795, the Governor and Judges undertook to revise the Territorial laws, and to establish a complete system of statutory jurisprudence, by adoptions from the laws of the original States, in strict conformity to the provisions of the ordinance. For this purpose they assembled at Cincinnati, in June, and continued in session until the latter part of August. The judiciary system un- derwent some changes. The General Court was fixed at Cincinnati and Marietta, and a Circuit Court was established with power to try, in the several counties, issues in fact depending before the superior tribunal, where alone causes could be finally decided. Orphans' Courts, too, were established, with jurisdiction analogous to but more extensive than that of a Judge of Probate. Laws were also adopted to regulate judgments and executions, for limitation. of actions, for the distribution of intestate estates, and for many other general purposes. Finally, as if with a view to create some great reservoir, from which, whatever principles and powers had been omitted in the particular acts, might be drawn according to the exigency of circumstances, the Governor and Judges adopted a law, providing that the common law of England and all general statutes in aid of the common law, prior to the fourth year of James I, should be in full force within the Territory. The law thus adopted was an act of the Virginia Legislature, passed before the Declaration of Independence, when Virginia was 210 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF OHIO. yet a British colony, and at the time of its adoption had been repealed so far as it related to the Englis'h statutes. The other laws of 1795 were principally derived from the statute book of Pennsylvania. The system thus adopted, was not without many imperfections and blemishes, but it may be doubted whether any colony, at so early a period after its first establishment, ever had one so good. And how gratifying is the retrospect, how cheering the prospect which even this sketch, brief and partial as it is, presents! On a surface, covered less than half a century ago by the trees of the primeval forest, a State has grown up from colonial infancy to freedom, independence and strength. But thirty years have elapsed since that State, with hardly sixty thousand inhabitants, was admitted into the American Union. Of the twenty-four States which form that Union, she is now the fourth in respect to population. In other respects, her rank is even higher. Already her resources have been adequate, not only to the expense of government and instruction, but to the construction of long lines of canals. Her enterprise has realized the startling prediction of the poet, who, in 1787, when Ohio was yet a wilderness, foretold the future con- nection of the Hudson with the Ohio. And these results are attributable mainly to her institutions. The spirit of the ordinance of 1787 prevades them all. Who can estimate the benefits which have flowed from the interdiction by that instrument of slavery and of legislative interference with private contracts ? One consequence is, that the soil of Ohio bears up none but freemen ; another, that a stern and honorable regard to private rights and public morals characterizes her legislation. There is hardly a page in the statute book of which her sons need be ashamed. The great doctrine of equal rights is everywhere recognized in her constitution and her laws. Almost every father of a family in this State has a freehold interest in the soil, but this interest is not necessary to entitle him to a voice in the concerns of government. Every man may vote; every man is eligible to any office. And this unlimited extension of the elective franchise, so far from pro- ducing any evil, has ever constituted a safe and sufficient check upon injurious legislation. Other causes of her prosperity may be found in her fertile soil, in her felicitous position, and especially in her connection Avith the union of the States. All these springs of growth and advancement are permanent, and upon a most gratifying prospect of the future. They promise an advance in population, wealth, intelligence and moral worth as permanent as the existence of the State itself. They promise to the future citizens of Ohio the blessings of good government, wise legislation and universal instruction. More than all, they arc pledges that in all future, as in all past circumstances, Ohio will cleave fiist to the national constitution and the national Union, and that her growing energies will on no occasion, be more willingly or powerfully put forth, than in the support and maintenance of both in unimpaired vigor and strength. o^^ cmw\ PART III. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY, CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL FEATURES. GEOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY — GEOLOGY SOILS, ETC. UNION COUNTY occupies a nearly central position in the State of Ohio, and is bounded north by Hardin and Marion Counties, east by Marion and Delaware, south by Franklin and Madison, and west by Champaign and Logan. Its area by towships is as follows: TOWNSHIPS NO. OF ACRES. Allen 19,037 Claibourne 19.560 Richwood School District 1,571 Darby 19,416 Dover 14,203 Jackson 17,776 Jerome 23,718 Leesburg 18,677 Liberty 23,022 Mill Creek 13,807 Paris 19,649 Marysville School District 1,973 Taylor 16,463 Union 22,095 Washington 17,819 York..: 23,523 Total 271,309 This area lacks but fifty-one acres of being 424 square miles; the figures are from the abstract of the'tax duplicate for 18S2, in the office of the Coimty Auditor. There are at this time (November, 1882), twenty-one post offices in the county, as follows: Boke's Creek (at the village of Summersville), Broadway, Byhalia, Claibourne, Irwin, Jerome (at the village of Frankfort), Magnetic Springs, Marysville, Milford Center, l^ew California, New Dover, Peoria, Pharisburg, Pottersburg, Raymond's (at the village of Newton), Richwood, Rush Creek (at the village of Essex), Unionville Center, Watkins, "Woodland, York. The county contains four incorporated villages: Mary^ille, in Paris Township; Richwood, in Claibourne Township: Milford Cemer, in Union Township, and Unionville Center in Darby Township. A movement has been made looking to the incorporation of Magnetic Springs, in Leesburg Town- ship, but as yet without result. The other villages of the county are: Wood- land and Essex, in Jackson Township; Byhalia, in Washington; Claibourne, in Claibourne; Summersville and York Center, in York; Newton and Peoria, in Liberty; Broadway, in Taylor; Pharisburg, in Leesburg; New Dover, in Dover; Pottersburg, in Allen; Irwin, in Union; Frankfort, New California, and a portion of Plain City, in Jerome. Allen Center, in Allen, and Bridge- port and Chuckery, in Darby, are points which have " a local habitation and 216 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. a name," without having special importance otherwise. Marysville, the county seat, has the largest population, and Rich wood is next in point of numbers. Milford Center, Unionville Center and Magnetic Springs follow in about the order named, although the latter has pei^haps the largest population of the three during the summer season, when the place is thronged with in- valids, located temporarily for the purpose of treatment with the waters uf the numerous medical springs which have been tapped and made to yield abund- antly of their life-giving qualities. The entire area of the county of Union is drained into the Scioto River, the principal channels through which this is effected being Rush, Fulton, Boke's, Blue's, Mill, Big Darby and Little Darby Creeks, with such lesser tribu- taries as Rocky Fork of Rush Creek, "Big Swale," Patton Run, Powder Lick Run, Brush Run, Ottawa Creek, Big Run, Peacock Run, Flat Branch Ditch, Otter Run, Bear Swamp Run, Buck Run, Opossum Run, Cross' Run, Phelps' Run, Grassy Run, Dunn's Run, Spring Run, Prairie Run, Watson Run, Kay Run, Proctor Run, Treacle Creek, Cow Run, Robinson's Run, Sager Run, Sugar Run, Indian Run, and many not dignified with names. The origin of a few of these names is known, as for instance. Rush Creek, being a sluggish stream, is probably named from the rushes which grow along its banks; Blue's Creek, so called for an unfortunate individual named Blue, who was one of an early surveying party, and received a ducking in its waters; Mill Creek was named probably from the fact of its furnishing power for very early mills in Delaware County; Darby Creek is said to have been named after an Indian chief who once lived in this region. The other streams, or most of them, have names plainly showing their origin, generally from local circumstances. The general course of nearly all these streams is southeast. In former years, they furnished fair mill power, but it has since been found necessary to intro- duce steam in most instances for manufacturing or mill purposes. The greater part of Union County is either level or gently undulat- ing. The rougher portions are on the upper waters of Mill Creek and in Je- rome Township. There is little in the county to which the term "hill" can properly be applied, although the divide between Mill and Blue's Creeks would in some regions be termed a hill, and the broken lands along Big Darby ap- proach nearly to that dignity. The streams have cut below the natural level, Big Darby Creek having the deepest channel. South of this stream are the well-known " Darby Plains," whose fertile soil has yielded golden returns for the labors of the husbandman through many years. In Liberty, Paris and Allen Townships, including the locality known as the " Bear Swamp," is a district formerly known as the " Flat Woods," from being very level and covered with a dense growth of timber. The latter has been largely cleared away, and a thorough system o". drainage has reclaimed most of the land, in- cluding even the " Bear Swamp," in which it is now stated corn is grown where once was a wooded morass and a shallow lake. In Claibourne Town- ship, north of^ Richwood, is a very level tract known as the "Big Swale," which is difficult to drain, such drainage as here is being into Rush Creek. GEOLOGY. This portion of the chapter will be principally from an account pre- pared a few years since by N. H. Winchell, on the State geological survey, with additional items concerning the waters which have recently been dis- covered on Boke's Creek, at what is now the village of Magnetic Springs. Prof. Winchell's report is as follows: ^'' Natural Drainage. — The surface drainage all passes into the Scioto Valley, by streams which flow with gentle current in a southeasterly direc- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 217 tioD. They rise in the Logan County Corniferous area, a region of very rough or hilly surface, rising several hundi-ed feet above the surrounding waterlime flats, and toward the southeast enter upon another area of Cornifer- ous, which, although presenting different surface features, yet is not so broken as the Logan County area. There is a remarkable uniformity in direction and alternation in these streams. The principal valleys have a slope to the east or southeast, toward the Scioto, the valle}' of which is excavated over an hun- dred feet in the bed rock, in Delaware County. To one who has closely ob- served the systems of drainage in the various counties, and has aimed to ascertain from the effects seen the causes that located streams in various parts of Northwestern Ohio, this alone suggests a halting retreat of a glacier across thd county, throwing down greater accumulations of drift where it remained stationary for a length of time. Such would be the divides between the streams, the valleys being in those belts where the drift was left thinner. But, with a single exception, nothing of this is indicated by the surface features so far as the time devoted to the survey would disclose. The whole county was carefully examined. In counties further northwest, where such moraines are seen to guide the drainage diagonally across the general slope of the sur- face, the tributary streams all join the main streams from the same direction, but in Union County streams enter the main valleys from opposite sides. The surface between the streams is flat, and thei'e is no evidence of a thickening of the drift, except between Big Darby and Mill Creeks. ''''Surface Features. — Between Big Darby and Mill Creeks there is a very noticeable thickening of drift. It rises into long ridges and high knolls, which consist of hardpan or glacier drifts. Northern bowlders and stones are on the surface and in the soil indiscriminately, though the same is true to some extent throughout the county. This ridge of drift is greatly developed at New California, where wells are sunk to tUe depth of fifty-four feet without meeting anything but blue clay, the water obtained being bitter. West and south of Marysville, two or three miles, the surface is high and rolling, with clay hills. Toward the north and east it is flat, with gravel near the surface in some places. Between Milford Center and Unionville, clay knobs and rolling land can be seen north of Darby Creek, while toward the south and in Union Township, the Darby Plains extend several miles. Wells at Potters- burg penetrate the drift over sixty feet without meeting the I'ock, but obtain good water at that depth. About Newton there is a very rolling and bluffy tract of land, some of the wells obtaining bitter water in blue clay at fifty- two feet. This rolling strip of clay knobs dies out toward the south and west, and toward the nortn and east. Throughout the rest of the county the surface is very nearly flat, wells being usually less than twenty-five feet. This belt of clay knobs crosses the entire county, although it seems to turn a little toward the north in Jerome Township. The following elevations above Lake Erie are taken fi-om profiles of railroads that cross the county: Richwood 369 feet. Broadway 422 feet. Marysville 425 feet. The following points of elevation were obtained by aneroid barometer, connecting with railroad stations : Marysville (with Belief ontaiue) 325 feet. New California 375 feet. Hill east of New California 395 feet. Plain City 225 feet. Hills west of Marysville 355 feet. Peoria 410 feet. Newton 460 feet. Pharisburg 304 feet. 218 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Essex 359 feet. Northeast corner Washinsj-ton Township 389 feet. York Center '. 399 feet. Survey No. 5,270, Allen Township 485 feet. Allen Center 435 feet. Milford Center. . .- 315 feet. ^^ Soil and Timber. — The soil is one derived entirely from the drift, and may be denominated in genei^al a gravelly clay. It exhibits the well-known characteristics of fertility and endurance that mark all the drift soils of North- western Ohio. It shows a very fair sprinkling of stones and bowlders, but in some places is very fine and heavy. It is only along the immediate river banks, on the bottom lands, that the sandy element prevails, and it is then confined to the alluvium." Among the species of timber noted by Mr. Winchell, are sugar and soft maple, beech, several varieties of elm, ash and -oak, linn- or basswood, dogwood, shagbark and pig hickory, sycamore or " buttonwood, " buckeye, prickly ash, blue beech, honey locust, hackberry, thorn, black willow, black walnut, black cherry, wild apple, ironwood, cottonwood, papaw, trembling aspen ani Judas tree; several others are found in different varieties of willow, the butternut, etc. He proceeds with the geological structure as follows: " The rocks of the county embrace the following limestones, including also the Oriskany sandstone: Hamilton or Upper Cornifcrous. . i Lower Corniferous ,- Devonian. Oriskany ) Waterlime Upper Silurian. " By the Hamilton is here meant the blue limestone which is quax'ried at Delaware, and which is regarded by Dr. Newberry as partly Hamilton and partly Corniferous. It has been mentioned frequently by the writer in report- ing on counties in Northwestern Ohio, under the designation of Upper Cor- niferous, in order to keep its district from the underlying limestone, which is plainly Corniferous. The Lower Corniferous is well represented in the quar- ries in Mill Creek Township. The Oriskany has not been seen within the county, but is probably conglomeratic, since it has that character in Delaware County. These limestones, with the Oriskany, make up the Devonian, so far as represented within the county. The rock which immediately underlies the Oriskany belongs to the Upper Silurian. It is the waterlime member of the Lower Helderberg. The Devonian is found only in the southeastern part of the county, although there are some evidences, in the form of large fragments, that it extends as far west as Marysville. It underlies the most of Mill Creek and Jerome Townships. The rest of the county is occupied by the waterlime. "7'/ie Hamilton, or Upper Corniferous. — This limestone occupies but a small area in the southeastern part of the county. It is hard and blue, and identical with the blue stone quarried at Delaware. Any favorable outcrop in that section should be thoroughly opened for building stone. This part of the county, though, is mainly covered with a heavy forest, and the strike of the formation is not known. Hensell & Fox, near Frankfort, have the only quarry in the county ip this stone. " The Lower Corniferous. — -The Delhi stone of the Lower Corniferous is quarried at a number of places in Mill Creek Township. The quarry of Thompson & Brown, six miles southeast of Dover, exposes about four feet of fossiliferous, sometimes crinoidal limestone, in beds of two to four inches. It is princijDally burned for quicklime, but is also sold for cheap foundation stone. The lime which it makes is like that already described made from the same beds at Delhi, in Delaware County. The fossils seen here are Crytoceras HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 219 undulatum, a handsome little Strophomena, a large cyathophylloid coral, the pygidium of a trilobite, and various remains of fishes. There are also com- mon a large Strophomena and a small Cyathophylloid. The quarry of John Pierso], about three miles east of "NVatkinsville; that of William Hays, a mile northwest frooi Piersol's; those of John S. Smart, near Piersol's, and that of Daniel Long, in the northeast corner of the angle of the county, are all in the Corniferous, and near the horizon of Thompson & Brown's. " Oriskany Conglomerate. — The only proof that this, usually a sandy limestone or a clean quartz grit, has the character of a conglomerate in Union County, consists in the appearance of that character near the county line, in Mill C3reek. It there contains water-worn pebbles of the underlying water- lime, which are sometimes two or three inches in diameter. The whole thick- ness is not more than two feet. " Wells and Springs. — The following observations on the common wells of the county are of interest. They give some idea of the accessibility of water for domestic purposes, and of the composition of the drift, as well as of its thickness at various places: [Here follows a description of thirty-nine wells in various parts of the county, varying in depth from eleven to sixty - three feet. The shallower wells are sunk in gravel and afford good water, as a rule, while the deeper ones do not always do so, it having in several in- stances a sulphurous, irony or bitter taste. The deep wells were sunk through the gravel and penetrated at various depths into yellow, blue and brown clay, nowhere striking the rock. The shallowest and the deepest wells are both in Allen Township, according to Prof. Winchell's table, and are but two or three miles apart.] "T/ie Waterlime. — This limestone is so named from its known hydraulic qualities, in other States as well as in some places in Ohio. It appears in out- crop in widely separated parts of the county, and probably is the surface bed- rock throughout the most of the county. The quarry of William Ramsey, in the bed of Mill Creek, in Mill Creek Township, although not now in opera- tion, is sufficiently developed to show the waterlime characters. Aaron Sew- ell bm'Ds a little lime here. The foundation for the old court house at Marys- ville was taken out here. The stone is in beds of about four inches, but is wavy. Some of it is brecciated. The creek has excavated about ten feet in this limestone along here, the overlying Corniferous receding from the stream on both sides. This narrow belt of waterlime extends northward and makes, probably, an isolated outlier of Corniferous which occupies part of Dover Township and crosses the Scioto, in Delaware County, from near Millville, southwesterly. The waterlime also is exposed on Ingham Wood's land, one mile northwest of Pharisburg, in Boggs [Poke's] Creek; also on John Gran- dy's, near Wood's, as well as on the next farm above Peter Jolliff's. It occurs again on John Gray's and Alfred Davis' land, half a mile north of Byhalia, in the bed of Little Bush Creek. At York Center, it appears on Aaron Shirk's and Hiram Watt's land, on the north side of Boke's Creek. On the south side of the creek it , also affords good exposures on the land of Montreville Henry, John Timous, John Shirk and Finley Davis, where it has been burned some for lime for Mr. Shirk; but it is not now wrought. It is mainly a sur- face exposure in the beds and low banks of the creek. At Unionville, the waterlime appears in Big Darby Creek. It was recently opened for lime by V. J. Sager and J. C. Robinson. The beds are from four to eight inches thick, and fine grained. This is said to be underlaid by a blue clay which is four feet thick. It also occurs two miles above Unionville, on James Martin's land; and a mile further down on land of Elijah Mitchell. It was formerly wroucjht a little on the land of Mr. Sagrer, three-fourths of a mile below the •2-20 HISTORY OF I'NION COUNTY. village, where the bods were from four to eight iuches. It is also seen on H. Pennington's land, just below Mr. Sager's. "77u' Drift. — This deposit in I"'nion County shows evidence of more re- cent date than it does generally in Delaware County. It appears very similar to the drift in the northwest corner of Delaware County. This evidence is of two kinds: (1st), that which pertains to the rock; (2d,) that which pertains to the drift itself. (1) The streams of the county have not excavated channels in the rock, and but very rarely expose it in their beds. This is not strictly true in the southeastern part, in the area of the Corniferous, where there is some erosion in the rock, like that seen throughout the most of Delaware County. This indicates that in the southeastern corner the erosion by streams has been longest continued, although that part of the county has at the same time less elevation above Lake Erie — in other words, that the overspread of drift in the southeastern part of the county was earlier than in the rest of the county. The rock, where exposed in the southeastern part of the county, has the same long- weathered appearance, even when freshly uncovered by the removal of the drift, that is observable in Delaware County. The marks of glacial action are dim. The natural jointing and planes of separation are loosely tilled in with the effects of oxidation and decomposition to a greater depth than in the rest of the county. (2.) If we revert to the appearance of the drift itself, the most striking contrast is presented in the general smoothness of the sur- face throughout the county, compared to the surface of Delaware County. This is partly due to the effect of less erosion on the drift by the streams, and partly to the evenness of the rock surface. With a single exception, the drift seems to have been very uniformly and gently deposited in Union County. The uniform direction of and the regular intervals between the main streams may all have been at first determined by slight differences in the thickness of the drift deposited, but such difierences are now so obscured that they cannot be detected by the eye. except iu the interval between the Big Darby and Mill Creeks. Besides this general tiatnt^ss of surface, the yellowish color, caiised by the foi-mation and inliltration of hydrated oxides from above, does not extend so far downward in Union Couniy as in Dela- ware. In the latter county, the light-colored clay extends downward to the depth of fifteen or twenty feet, and sometimes as much as twenty-five feet. In the former, the blue clay is usually met within ten feet. It sometimes rises within eight feet of the surface, and occasionally the yellowish color ex- tends to twelve or fifteen feet. The depth of such siipt^'ficial coloring seems to vary not only with the length of time the drift may have been expoirod to the air and surface water, but also with the ease with which these agents find access below. A sandy or gravelly knoll is generally weathered deeper than one of clay, and a rolling surface is apt to be more deeply oxidated than a fiat one. The drift ridge which separates Big Darby and Mill Creeks has already been alluded to under the head 'surface features.' Its exact form, limits and location, even within the county, have not been made out. " The time given to the county would not allow a careful survey of this ridge in detail. It is well known to the inhabitants of the county. It forms a belt of high and rolling clay land which shows bowlders and gravel somewhat more abund- antly than the surface of the rest of the county. It is believed to be of the nature of a glacial moraine, and was probably thrown down by the ice at a period when the retreating ice- foot was nearly stationary for a long time at about that place. It is very similar to those other very extended drift mo- raines that cross Northwestern Ohio, but is somewhat more clayey than they. Its connection with them is not known, but it was doubtless cotemporaueous in origin with one of them. The elevated region in Logan County, where HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. / 221 there is an island of Devonian rock which withstood the ice period, was a dis- turl>ing element in the otherwise very regular contour of the foot of the glacier. Union County seems to have been in the pathway of a spur or branch of the ice sheet, and to have suffered very extensive erosion thereby. After the actual withdrawal of the ice from the county, the drainage of a large tract of ice-covered surface would have passed principally through the same path- way. This pathway is bounded on either side by a persistent barrier of Cor- nif(U'ous limestone. It is probaVjle, also, that the Waverly overlaid this area, at least in the Logan County island, since fragments of the Berea grit are found in the di'ift in the southwestern part of Union County. The effect of this drainage over the county is probably seen in the near approach to the surface of heavy gravel beds in the drift over wide tracts, although the level of the county in the same tracts is now that of the general country, and is perfectly flat. This may be seen in the frequent gravel pits about Richwood and Essex, where the surface is outwardly comparable to that of the Black Swamp of Northwestern Ohio, but is so closely underlaid with gravel that al- most every cellar encounters it within three or four feet. This gravel belt runs southward toward PharisDurg, and is also penetrated on the farm of Mr. Josiah Westlake. a mile and a half north of Marysville, who avers that small shiner fish appear late in the summer, or in the fall of • nearly every year, in a shallow well curbed by a 'gum,' which is inserted in an excavation penetrat ing to the gravel, or to the water of a subterranean lake. This circumstance would not be mentioned had it not been frequently reported by others in reference to certain wells in Defiance and Fulton Counties. The facts are given with great circumstantiality and positiveness, and cannot safely be denied. ''Material Resources. — The most of the county is poorly supplied with building stone. This necessary article is imported from Logan County, wh(>re the Onondaga quarries at Middieburg afford a good stone; from the quarries in the Hamilton, at Marion, in Marion County, and from the same at Delaware. The quarries in the limestone of the Devonian, in the south- eastern part of the county, would probably be better patronized if better roads intersected that section, and if the quarries themselves were energetic- ally developed. Not much lime is made in the county; the drift clays, how- ever, are freely used in the manufacture of red brick and tile. There is a great deal of standing timber yet in Union County, The natural features and the geological structure of the county will forever preclude the development of any other element of material wealth that will rank with that of agri- culture." MAGNETIC SPKINGS. . A more complete account of these springs and the village which has grown up around them in two years' time, will be found in the history of Leesburg Township, in which they are located. There is no doubt of the won- derful ejfficacy of the waters in certain diseases. The appended analyses of the waters of two of the springs will give an idea of their medicinal virtues ; SULPHUR SPRING. Chloride of sodium 1.084 grains. Sulphate of potassa 0.215 grains. Sulphate of soda 0.293 grains. Sulphate of limo 4.191 grains. Bi-carbonate of lime 20.419 grains. Bi-carbonate of magnesia 20.170 grains. Bi-carbonate of iron 0.815 grains. Phosphate of soda Traces. Silica 0.157 grains. Organic matter 0.343 grains. Total to one gallon 53.087 grains. 222 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. MAGNETIC SPRING. Cliloride of sodium 0.789 grains. Sulphate of potassa 0.228 grains. Sulphate of sodium 0.416 grains. Sulphate of lime 8.271 grains. Sulphate of magnesia 2.304 grains. Bi-carbonate of lime 19.201 grains. Bi-carbonate of magnesia 17.014 grains. Bi-carbonate of iron 0.153 grains. Alumina 0.115 grains. Silica 0.242 grains. Organic matter 0.569 grains. Total to one gallon 44.897 grains. These analyses are copied from the published report given after they had been made by Prof. E. S. Wayne, of Cincinnati, in February, 1882. There are several other springs at the place, the waters being similar to these, and a new well is now being sunk which, when the writei* visited the place in the fore part of November, 1882, had reached a depth of 513 feet, and was being then drilled thi'ough a hard liinty rock, having passed through numerous strata of blue clay. It is the only deep boring in the county. CHAPTER II. THE WESTERN BORDER. Indian Occur ant.s— Border Warfare— Treaties— Fact.s and Incidents. Shrill through the forest aisles the savage war-cry rung; Swift to the work of strife the border huntsmen sprung; Red ran the blood of foemen on countless fields of woe, From Allegheny's shimmering stream to Maumee broad and slow. On swift Miami's green-clad shores and by Sandusky's side, And where Scioto's hill-crowned flood greets grand Ohio's tide; From proud Muskingum's winding way to Cuyahoga's strand; From Tuscarawas' border to bright Olentangy's land — The armies of the past arise and file in grand review, Wearing the mien of patriots, bold, steadfast, brave and true; And, echoing down the fleeting years since savage strife was done, The ringing story of their deeds goes ever speeding on. All honor to their raemorjM Brave hearts and true were they Who fought for home and country in savage border fray. The battle smoke is lifted from otf the forest trees. And Freedom's starry ensign floats ever on the breeze. THE above lines are an inspiration from the eventful days of long ago. From his boyhood the writer has been fascinated by the tales of olden times, and his pulses have ever quickened when reading of the struggles of the hardy men of the border, both as soldiers and pioneers. What desper- ate adventures were theirs ! "What blood- cm'dling scenes the solemn forests and beauteous plains of the Buckeye State witnessed in the years when the crowned monarchs of Europe fought for supremacy in the Western land; and again, what tales of distress and woe are told of the days when the Republic was young — yet how Herculean in its infancy! The dim and somber wilderness echoed to the shrill yell of the Indian warrior, scarcely less savage than the wild beast that with him tenanted the magnificent Western domain. The rifle shot, the stroke of knife or hatchet, the groans of the stricken victims, the sorrow of bereaved families whose stays were cut down in all the pride and strength of manhood, the wail of despairing captives, the glare of burning homes — all HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 223 tlie horrid realities of a merciless savage warfare were known to the daring in- habitants of the Western border. History has recorded much that occurred in those dark and dubious days, but thousands of events that then transpired were known only to the actors and may never be spread before those of this and succeeding generations who shall peruse the pages of the past. Peace and plenty crowned the efforts of the early heroes, and their descendants enjoy the bounty provided for them after long and often doubtful strife, scarcely dream- ing of the secrets hidden behind the misty veil of years. Sufficient for the scope of this work, it will be unnecessary to go farther back in the history of this region than the period of the war between France and England, from 1755 to 1760, when the immediate territory in which Un- ion County is inchided was peopled principally by the Indian tribes known as the Wyandots, Miamin, Delawares and Shawanese, the third named being the most powerful. About 1764, a French trader who had resided manV years among the Indians, and who remained at Detroit after it passed into the hands of the British, drew up a statement showing the various North American tribes* and their lighting strength, which was as follows: Tribes. No. of Warriors. Conawaghrunas, near the falls of St. Louis 200 Abenaquis, "1 f 3o0 SaSS; St. Lawrence Indians ]™ Chalas, J L130 Sgonquins [ ^'^"^'^^^ toward the heads of the Ottawa River j ^{JJ Le Tetes de Boule, or Round Heads, near the above 2,500 Six Nations, on the frontiers of New York, etc 1,550 Wyandots, near Lake Erie 300 Ott'iwas^' i ^^^^' ^^^^^ Sujierior and Michigan j 'qaa Messesagues, or River Indians, being wandering tribes on Lakes Huron and Superior 2,000 Powtewatamis, near St. Joseph's and Detroit 350 Les Puans, f- near Puans Bay j o-q Folle avoine, or "Wild Oat Indians Mechecouakis, ) ( 250 Sakis, y south of Puans Bay < 400 Mascoutens, ) ( 500 Ouisconsins, on a river of that name falling into the Mississippi on tlie east side 550 Christinaux, ) -, , , ^i i i * ti i 3,000 Assinaboes, or Assinnipouals, f^^^" ^^°^^'^' ^^^^" ^^^ ^'''^^^^''^ ^^^ '^^^^ ^^™^'' ( lisOO Blancs Barbus,f or "White Indians with Beards 1,500 Sioux, of the naeadows, ) . ^ .^i ^ i t ^i^ hit- • ■ ■ i 2,500 Sioux, of the woods, \ to^^''^^ ^^"^ ^^^'^^'^ «* t^« Mississippi ] j ;gyy Missouri, on the river of that name 3,000 Grandes Eaux 1,000 Osages, "1 f 600 Canses, \ \ 1,600 Pauis blancs, }^ south of Missouri -j 2.000 Panis piques, | 1,700 Padoucas, J [ 500 Ajoues, north of the same 1,100 Arkanses, on the river that bears their name, falling into the Mississippi on the west side 2,000 Alibamous, a tribe of the Creeks 600 Ouanakina, "] TSOO Chiakanessou, I , i ^i ^i ^t .^ m .f ^i 350 Machecous ' ^^^"^"ow^- unless the author means they are tribes of the) gQQ Caouitas, ' f ^^^'^^ks ] 700 Souikilas, J (.200 Miamis, upon the river of that name, falling into Lake Erie 350 Delawares (les Loups), on the Ohio 600 * The orthography of tribal names in this account does not often agree with that of a later date, as will be seen. t First talten by the French for Spaniards. They lived in the Northwest. 224 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Tribes. No. of Warriors. Shawanese, on Scioto 500 Kickapoos, ) ( 300 Ouacbanons, von tbe Wabash < 400 Peanquicbas, ) ( 250 • Kaskasquias, or Illinois iu Jioneral, on tbe Illinois River 600 Piauria T 800 Catawbas, on the frontier? of North Carolina 150 Cherokees, behind South Carolina 2,500 Chickasaws, ) ( 750 Natchez, - Mobile and Mississippi - 150 Choctaws, ) ( 4,500 Total 56, 500 Maj. Robert Rogers, a distinguished provincial officer in the French and En- glish war, ending in 1760, published in London, in 1705, "A Concise Account of Ndi'th America," and in the chapter describing the course of the St. Lawrence River, includes the following sketch of Sandusky Bay and vicinity, written from notes made in 1760, when he led a detachment of troops to receive a sur- render of Detroit, pursuant to a treaty then recently concluded; the extract is from page 169 of his work: "At the southwest corner of Lake Erie, the Lake Sandtisky communicates with it by a straite of half a mile wide. The Lake Sandusky is thirty miles in length, and eight or ten miles wide. Into the southwest coi'ner of this lake the River Sandusky, or Huron, flows. Upon the banks of this river, and round the Lake Sandusky, the Huron Indians are settled in several different towns in a very pleasant, fertile country. This nation of the Indians can raise from about 6 to 700 fighting men. They differ something in their manners from the Suties, any yet mentioned. They btiild regular framed houses, and cover them with bark. They are esteemed the richest Indians upon the whole conti- nent, having not only horses in great abundance, but some black cattle and swine. They raise great quantities of corn, not only for their own use, sup- ply several other tribes, who piu'chase this article from them. The country of the Hurons extends 150 miles westwardly of the lake, and is 100 miles wide. The soil is not exceeded by any in this part of the world; the timber tall and fair; the I'ivers and lakes abound with a variety of fish, and here is the great est plenty of water-fowl of anywhere in the country. The woods abound with wild game. In a woi'd, if peopled, and improved to advantage, would equal any of the British colonies on the sea-coast." The name, Huron, as here appplied by Maj. Rogers, is that given by the French to the tribe known otherwise as Wyandots. From the estimate of Maj. Rogers, made in 1760, and that of the French trader, made in 1764, as herein previously given, regarding the strength of this nation, it seems that the war they had just passed through at the latter date had reduced their num- bers very materially. The Wyandots had a tradition that their country was formerly in what is now tbe Dominion of Canada, on the north side of the River St. Lawrence, and that the Senecas, their blood relations, occupied the territory opposite tbem, on the south side of the same river. A war begun be- tween them over a trivial matter and was continued for many years, or itntil long after the settlement of Detroit. The remnant of the Wyandots moved west and located in the vicinity of Green Bay, afterward settling along the Detroit River and the northwestern shore of Lake Erie, and conquering a last- ing peace with their long-time enemies and cousins, the Senecas, in a bloody battle on the lake, wherein every warrior m the party of Senecas was slain and the Wyandots terribly reduced. Details of the bloody French and English war will not here be entered into. It resulted in the English obtaining possession of a , * -«*igBf --tt; t^z^ ^ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 227 large portion of the territory lying northwest from the Ohio River, previously held by the French by right of discovery. The Indian occupants had not been consulted regarding the future ownership of the region; it was entirely a war between foreign powers, m which the English were aided by the American colonists and the French by Indian allies. The might of the Brit- ish nation having been demonstrated, the Indians, probably more through fear than desire, became the allies of the latter, and thus continued through many years, the war between the United States and England in 1812-15 fi- nally establishing a foothold for a pei-manent government on the soil which had long been disputed over by rival European powers, and which the heroes of the Revolution finally won as a trophy of war. With the close of the French and English war came indifference and neg- lect on the part of the British GovRrnment toward the Indians, and the "out- rages of fur traders, brutality of English soldiery, intrusion of provincial set- tlers upon lands of border tribes, fabrications and wiles of French trading companies — all conspired to arouse their war spirit."* Pontiac, the great war chief of Jthe Ottawas, and a masterly organizer and schemer, roused the various tribes to action, and inaugurated a terrible and bloody war. So well were his plans laid that every English post west of the Alleghanies except Ligonier and Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh), in Pennsylvania, and Detroit, in Michi- gan, fell a prey to his prowess, and over the entire Western frontier swarmed a horde of yelling, painted, bloodthirsty, merciless foes. The red men had, however, reckoned too much on their own strength, and were, notwithstanding their terrific onslaught, soon conquered by the English and their colonies, who dictated terms of peace in 176-1 which were not long afterward completed. Mr. Butterfield, before quoted, writes of this period in the following strain: "At the close of Pontiac's war, there was not to be found any settlement in the upper Ohio country. Up and down the Monongahela and its branches every white settler had been expelled. From the head springs of the Alle- gheny to its union with its sister stream, there were no habitations other than the savages. At the junction of these rivers, where the city of Pittsburgh now sits enveloped in the smoke of it's thoiisand industries, there was very little to indicate the presence of civilization save Fort Pitt. Outside that post there was not an inhabited hut of even a trader. Down the Ohio on the left was an uninhabited region; so, also, on the right — np the Beaver, the Muskingu.m, the Scioto, and down the parent stream to its mouth. Settlements upon the waters of the Monongahela by adventurous Virginians, begun before the com- mencement of the contest between England and France for the Ohio country, had but an ephemeral existence. Houses and corn-fields of English traders, which then do*"ted the margin of the Ohio and its tributaries in a few places, were destroyed by the French in this war for supremacy; and though others afterward appeared, nearly all vanished before the devastating hand of the foe in 1763. Pittsburgh, dating its origin from English occupation of the head of the Ohio in 1758, attained, by the s^^ring of 1761, to the dignity of a population numbering 332, occupying 101 houses. Doubtless, both had considerably increased by May, 1763, when most of its log cabins were leveled to the ground and the occupants of all driven into the fort for protection against the wild warriors of Pontiac's confederation." On the 5th and 6th of August, 1763, a merited punishment was adminis- tered to the hostile tribes of Indians who, under the lead of Pontiac, sought to destroy all the English posts on the border, by Col. Henry Bouquet, at the battle of Bushy Run, in what is now Westmoreland County, Penn. He was at the time marching to the relief of Fort Pitt, which was threatened by the * C. W. Butterfield, ia Washington — Irvine Correspondence, page 2. 228 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. savages. Such a signal victory did be win, and so tlioroughly were the In- dians impressed with his power as a great warrior, that they "gave up their designs against Fort Pitt, " and "retreating beyond the Ohio, they deserted their former towns and abandoned all the country between Presque Isle and Sandusky, not thinking themselves safe until they arrived at Muskingam. "* They formed new settlements and remained quiet during the winter, but in the meantime supplied themselves with powder from the French traders, and in the spring of 1764 began again their murderous work on the frontier. Gen. Gage, the British Commander, resolved to attack them on two sides at once, and drive them back by carrying the war into their own country. He accord- ingly directed Col. Bradstreet to proceed with a body of txoops against the Wyandots; Ottawas anvi Chippewas living upon or near the lakes, while Col. Bouquet was ordered to attack the Delawares, Shawanese, Mingoes, Mohickons, and other nations between the lakes and the Ohio River. The two armies were to act in concert. As Bradstreet' s force could be sooner prepared for the expedition, he started first, and sent Col. Bouquet a dispatch dated August 14, 1764, from Pi'esque Isle, saying he had concluded a peace with the Delawares and Shaw- anese. Bouquet, however, perceived the insincerity of the savages, and went on with the preparations for his own expedition. The Indians endeavored to convince Bouquet of the sincerity of their intentions to cany out the terms of the treaty with Bradstreet, but he was not to be won from his purpose of settling the matter beyond dispute, and, on the 2d of October, 1764, he departed from Fort Pitt with a force of 1,500 men, the destination cf which body was the heart of the Indian region of Ohio. On the 17th of the same month, near the mouth of the Tuscarawas, and near the site of the Indian town of that name, a congress was held at which w^ere pres- ent representatives of the Senecas, Delawares and Shawanese, and preliminary terms of peace were agreed upon between them and Bouquet. The latter gave the savages twelve days in which to deliver into his hands at Wakatomake, below the forks of the Muskingum, all the prisoners in their hands, without exception. A small stockade fort had been built on the previous day, in which to deposit provisions for the use of the troops on their return. At the close of the speeches of the Delaware chiefs on the 17th, they delivex'ed eighteen white prisoners and eighty-three small sticks, signifying that they had that number of prisoners yet in their hands, whom they promised to bring in as soon as possible. The pi'omise on the part of the Shawanese was very sullen, and Bouquet detei'mined to march further into the country. The army was con- sequently moved to a camp near the forks of the Muskingum, where four re- doubts were built opposite the four angles of the camp, which was in the midst of the region occupied by the Shawanese towns. Other buildings were erected, and preparations completed for receiving the prisoners. Bradstreet, in the meanwhile, had proceeded up Lake Erie to Sandusky Bay, and up the San- dusky River as far as navigable with Indian canoes, but was enabled to elfect nothing, and returned, f On the 9th of November. 206 prisoners were deliv- ered to Col. Bouquet, but about 100 were still in the hands of the Shawanese, and their delivery was promised in the spring (1705). Finally, prelimiaary ar- ticles of peace were agreed upon with all the tribes, and hostages were re- quired, to be held until the terms had been finally concluded with Sir William * " Hiatoiical Account of Bouquet's Expedition against the Ohio Indians in 1764," by Dr. William Smith, 176G. t Bradstreet went with his army to Detroit, where he arrived on the 2Sth of August, to the great joy of the little garrison. On the 7th of September, a council was held in presence of the army, at which were present representa- tives of the Ottawas, Ojibwas. Pottiiwatoniies, Miamis, Sacs and Wyandots. The i>rincipal speaker was Wasson, the Ojibwa chief, who professed great regret for the war waged iigain-t the whites, and made a very humble and concil- iatory speech. The war in the West — or Northwest — was virtually ended by this council, and it duubtless had much influence over the tribes with whom Bouquet had to deal, and whom he succeeded in bringing to term"*; sm that, although Bradstreet had been easily dujied by the Indians, yet some good resulted from his expedition. His doings were not, however, fully sanctioned by the British military authorities, whi> administered a reprimand for his appar- ent lack of foresight, and for trying to check the operations of Col. Bouquet. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 229 Johnson. Late in April, 17G5, the latter held a confei-ence witli the various nations of the West, at the German Flats, and settled a definite peace. On tho 9th of May following, his deputy, George Croghan, received at Fort Pitt the remaining prisoners from the hands of the Shawanese. Croghan soon after (May 15, 7.765), started down the Ohio on a trip into the West, reaching the mouth of the Wabash on the Gth of June, and proceeded thence by w^ay of Vincennes, Fort Wayne, down the Maumee and up Lake Erie to Deti-oit. Leaving the latter post on the 26th of September in a birch canoe, he passed along the north shore of Lake Erie and reached Niagara on the Sth of October. About this time the following vrere the several Indian towns on the routes given, extending in various directions from Fort Pitt: First route, about N. N. W. — Kushkushkies Town, on Big Beaver Creek. 45 miles from the fort; Shaningo, 15 miles further up the east branch of Beaver Creek; Pematuning, 12 miles farther up same stream; Mahonino-, on West Branch of Beaver Creek, lO-l miles from Fort Pitt; Salt Lick, iO miles farther; Ottawas Town, on the Cayahoga, 42 miles farther. Second route, W. N. W. — To mouth of Big Beaver Creek, 25 miles; to Tuscarawas, 116 miles; to Mohickon John's Town, 166 miles; to Junundat, or Wyandot Town, 2] 2 miles; to Sandusky, 216 miles; to Junqueindundeh, 240 miles. The latter town was on the Sandusky River, a few miles above San- dusky Bay. Third route, about W. S. W. — To forks of Muskingum, 128 miles; to Bul- let's Town, 134 miles; to King Beaver's Town, on the heads of the Hockhock- ing, 171 miles; to the lower Shawanese Town en Scioto River, 211 miles; to the Salt Lick Town on the heads of the Scioto, 286 miles; to the Miamis fort, 429 miles. Fourth route, down the Ohio, general coiirse about S. W. — To mouth of Big Beaver Creek, 27 miles; to mouth of Little Beaver Creek, 39 miles; to mouth of Yellow Creek, 49 miles; to the Two Creeks, 67 miles: to Wheeling, 73 miles; to Pipe Hill, 85 miles; to the long reach, 115 miles; to the foot of the reach, 133 miles; to the mouth of the Muskingum River, 163 miles; to the Little Kanawha River, 175 miles; to the mouth of Hockhocking River, 188 miles; to th.^ mouth of Letort's Crcek, 228 miles; to Kiskemiuetas, 261 miles; to the mouth of Big Kanawha, or New River, 269 miles; to the mouth of Big Sandy Creek, 309 miles; to the mouth of the Salt Lick River, 379 miles; to the Island, 399 miles; to the mouth of the "Little Mineamie, or Miammee" River, 454 miles; to Big Miammee, or Rocky River, 484 miles; to the Big Bones (so called from "elephants' bones" said to be found there), 504 miles; to Kentucky River, 559 miles; to the falls of the Ohio, 609 miles; to the Wabash, or " Ouabache" River, 740 miles; to Cherokee River, 800 miles; to the Mississippi River, 840 miles. A town known as Wapatomica, later tho principal village of the Shawa- nese, stood just below the present site of Zanesfield. Logan County, Ohio, and it was there the renowned Simon Kenton was doomed to be burned to the stake in September, 1778, but was rescued by his former friend, Simon Girty. From the peace of 1764 there was quiet for ten years, and settlements along the then western border grew and fairly prospered. Fur traders in the Indian country exerted more or less influence over the tribes with whom they dealt. Fincastle County, Va., was created in 1774, including, south and southwest of Augusta County, the lower portion of the Great Kanawha Valley, and extending westward so as to include all of the present State of Kentucky, but at no point crossing the Ohio. In 1773 and the spring of 1774, land claimants and surveyors had become so numerous along the Ohio, comino- from Pennsylvania and Virginia, that the Shawanese and Mingoes, never cordial 230 HISTORY OK UNION COUNTY. observers of the peace of 1704, especially toward the Yirgiuiaus. precipitated hostilities upon the adventurers, and Lord Dunmore's war resulted. "Waka- tomica, au Indian town located upon the Muskingum, was destroyed by the Yirginiaus, with outlying villages. The battle of Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha River, on the 10th of Octobei*, 1774, when vie tory over the savages was purchased at a price well nigh commensurate with defeat, compelled the Indians to sue for peace, negotiations for which, near their villages on the banks of the Scioto, were rendered famous by the eloquent speech of Logan, the Mingo chief."* Cornstalk, the wise and brave chief of the Shawanese, whose voice had been heard above the terrible din of the con - flict, urging his followers to "be strong! be strong!" became satisfied that it was useless to struggle longer, and in November, 1774, arranged with Gov. Dunmore the preliminaries of a treaty of peace. This was in what is now Pickaway County, Ohio. The commencement of the revolt of the colonies in the spring of 1775 prevented the consummation of a definite peace. AVith the Revolution, an era of di-eadful experience broke upon the scat- tered Western settlements, where aggressive warfare was carried on by the sav- age allies of the British, aided and abetted by the latter, and the most fiend- ish atrocities were perpetrated. Detroit was the depot of supplies and the principle point of power and influence for the British in the Northwest. It is a generally authenticated fact in history that Lieut. Gov. Sir Henry Hamilton, in command of the post at Detroit, offered a standing reward for the scalps of Americans, but gave none for prisoners. This led the Indians to cause their prisoners to carry their baggage into the neighborhood of the fort, and there they put them to death and presented the ghasty scalps to the Gov- ernor for their recompense. Frightful outrages were committed, and defense- less women and chilch'en shared alike the fate of death. From Leith's narra- tive, a very rare work, issued in pamphlet form, and only gathered entire by Mr. Butterfield after diligent search in three States, in each of which he found a part, that gentleman makes the following extract: " When we arrived there (on the bank of the Detroit River), we found Gov. Hamilton and several other British ofiicers, who were standing and sitting around. Immediately * * * the Indians produced a large quantity of scalps; the cannon fked; the Indians raised a shout, and the soldiers waved their hats, witli huzzas and tremendous shrieks, which lasted some time. This ceremony being ended, the Indians brought forward a parcel of American pris- oners, as a trophy of their victories, among whom were eighteen women and children — poor creatures, dreadfully mangled and emaciated, with their clothes tattered and torn to pieces in such a manner as not to hide their nakedness; their legs bare and streaming with blood, the effects of being torn with thorns, briers and brush. * * If I had had an opportunity I certainly should have killed the Governor, who seemed to take great delight in the exhibition." And this was warfare in which a civilized nation found enjoyment! Gov. Hamilton was succeeded in 177'J by Maj. A. S. DePeyster, whose government was administered in a manner much more humane, f He rescued more than 300 prisoners from the hands of the Indians. The tribes taking most active part in the war were the Wyandots, from the immediate vicinity of Detroit and from the River Sandusk}' in Ohio; the Shawanese, from the Miami and Scioto Rivers, and others whose thirst for blood was hardly to be restrained * Butterfielil. f Lieut. Gov. Hamilton led an expedition from Detroit, in 177S, against Vincennes, on the Wabash, in Indiana, and took possesgion there, as the place bad no garrison. In Felniarj, 1779, when Col. George Rogers Clark, of the American Army, captured the post, Hamilton, and his troops, seventy-nine in number, were made prisoners. The men were paroled and allowed to return to Petroit, but their commander was sent to Richmond, Va., as a prisoner of war. When lie left Detroit, he placed a certain Maj Lernoult in command, and the latter was succeeded by De Pey- sier, who really became the successor of Hamiltou. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 231 even by DePeyster, and who were allowed to indulge in all the barbarities of a hideous, savage warfare under Hamilton. The latter officer had as early as September, 1776, endeavored to organize small parties of savages to proceed against the settlers on the Ohio and its branches, yet it was not until the next year that a Western border war was fully inaugurated. Mohawk Pluggy had a considerable town on the Olentangy (or Whetstone) River, the principal east- ern tributary of the Scioto, and on the site of the present city of Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio, and from that point the Indians — Mingoes — de- scended upon the Virginia frontier and caused great trouble. The Wyandots were also very ti'oublesome, and had a town at Upper Sandusky, on the upper waters of the Sandusky River, in what is now Wyandot County, Ohio. These tribes caused so much distress that in the spring of 1777 it was determined to send at! expedition against Pluggj^'s Town, but after considerable preparation, the project was abandoned lest it should cause the Delawares and Shawanese to take up the hatchet also. By the last of July, 1777, fifteen parties of Indians, numbering 289 braves, besides thirty white officers and rangers, had been sent out from Detroit to dev- astate the Western settlements, the frontier line then extending from the Alle- ghany Mountains to Kittanning, on the Allegheny River, forty- five miles above Pittsburgh, thence down that stream and the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Kanawha. " The only posts of importance below Fort Pitt, at this date, were Fort Henry (formerly Fort Fincastle), at Wheeling, and Fort Randolph, at Point Pleasant. The former was built at the commencement of Lord Dun- more's war, in 1774; the latter was erected by Virginia, in 1775. Rude stock- ades and block-houses were multiplied in the intervening distances, and in the most exposed settlements. They were defended by small detachments from a Virginia regiment, also by at least one independent company, and by squads of militia on short tours of duty. Scouts likewise patroled the country where danger seemed most imminent; but the wily savage frequently eluded i heir vig ilance and fell with remorseless cruelty upon the homes of the bordermen. The suffering from this iiTegular warfare — legitimate fi-om the standpoint of the In- dian but wanton and murderous in its instigators — was terrible."* Bi'ig- Gen. Edward Hand, of the Continental Army, who had taken the command of Fort Pitt on the 1st day of June, 1777, saw the necessity of taking some step to punish these murderous savages, or the frontier would become depopulated. He therefore demanded that a force of 2,000 men be raised in the western counties of Pennsylvania and Virginia, to proceed against them, but only about 800 were raised, including the regulars at Forts Pitt and Randolph. Gen. Hand had written to a friend in October, 1777: "I have many difficulties to encounter, yet I hope to drink your health in pure element at Saadusky be- fore Christmas," meaning by Sandusky the VVj'andut town at Upper Sandusky, Late in the fall of that year, his intended expedition was abandoned, as the strength of the people did not warrant the undertaking. He then wrote to the Governor of Virginia, under date of November 9: "I fully expected to give the Wyandots a specimen of what their perfidy so justly deserves; but to my great mortification, I am obliged to relinquish the design." September 1, 1777, about 200 AVyandots, Shawanese and Delawares made an unsuccessful attempt to reduce Fort Henry, at Wheeling. They ambushed a portion cf the garrison, killing fifteen of the Americans and w'.>unding five, and Avithdrew across the Ohio. Forty-six men left the fort on the 2Gth of the same month, for a reconnoitering expedition down the Ohio, but were attacked the next day about eight miles below Wheeling, on the Virginia side of the river, by about forty Wyandots, and lost more than half their number. A gen- 232 HISTORY OF union county. eral alarm now spread among the settlements, and murders somewhere on the frontier were of every day occurrence. The Shawanese, whose villages were upon the Scioto and Miami, and of whom Cornstalk was the principal chief and friendly to the Americans, did not join with the "Wyandots and Mingoes until after the cruel murder of Cornstalk, his son and two others of the tribe, at i oi't liandolph, whither they had gone to promote peace. One of the gar- rison was slain by savages in the woods on the 10th of November, 1777, and in revenge the militia of the post killed the four harmless men whom they had previously deprived of their liberty. This unprovoked murder made of the Shaw- anese the most bitter and unrelenting enemies. In January, 1778, Lieut. Col. George Kogers Clark began recruiting in the western department for his subsequent famous expedition against the British posts in the Illinois country, which resulted in the reduction of Kas- kaskia, St. Phillips, Cahokia, Prairie du Rocher and Vincennes. and won for the commander the title of " The Heroic. " In February, J 778, Gen. Hand gathered about 500 men at Fort Pitt and started on an expedition to capture a large quantity of stores said to have been deposited by the British at an In- dian town on the Cuyahoga River. Heavy rains and melting snows obliged him to give up the attempt, the expedition having proceeded only to a point some distance above the mouth of the Beaver, on the Mahoning River. Fiercely the war now raged, and in the spring of 1778 an expedition was planned from Fort Pitt against Detroit; but time passed, and, owdng to rhe lack of facilities, it was found that such a campaign would be impracticable, and Congress resolved that it should be deferred. Gen. Lachlan Mcintosh, a brave and hardy soldier, then in command of Fort Pitt and the western depart- ment, was anxious to proceed against Detroit, and never lost sight of that proj- ect, even in spite of all hindrances. September 17, 1778, a treaty was made by which the Delaware Indians became active allies of the United States. In the month of November following, the long talked-of march toward Detroit was begun with a force of 1,200 men. Fourteen days of marching brought the army to the Tuscarawas, only seventy miles from Pittsburgh, and here, for the want of sup])]ies, the force was obliged to turn its face again to the eastward and return, after first building a stockade fort a short distance south of what is now the village of Bolivar, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, on the right bank of the river, below the mouth of Sand}^ Creek, and close to the spot on which Col. Bouquet had built a similar work when on bis famous expedition against the Western Indians in 1764. The new post was called Fort Laurens. Other ex- peditions were planned by Mcintosh, but from the force of circumstances were abandoned, and that General retired from the western department in April, 1770, being succeeded by Col. Daniel Erodhead. The want of su[)})lios for a tioie prevented offensive operations on the part of the "Western troops, and the savages were unrestrained in their fearful work. Fort Laurens, which was seventy miles from Fort Mcintosh, and defended by Col. John Gibson with a force of 150 men, was, in August, 1779, abandoned from sheer neces- sity. In the last of July, Gen. Sullivan, under the direction of Washing- ton, led an army from Wyoming, Penn., into the Iroquois region in New York, defeated the Indians disastrously, burned forty of their towns and destroyed more than 100,000 bushels of corn. For this the Senecas gave to Washing- ton, commander-in-chief of the armies, the name "Town Destroyer." Col. Brodhead marched up the Allegheny from Fort Pitt in the summer of 1779, soon after being appointed to the command of the western department, burned the towns of the Indiaus and destroyed their crops. "The immediate results of this and other equally prompt and severe measures was to bring the Delawares, Shawanese and even AVyandots, to Fort Pitt on a treaty of peace. There Brod- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 233 head met them, on his return in September, and a long conference was held to the satisfaction of both parties. Farther west, during the summer and au- tumn, the Indians were more successful. In July, the stations being still troubled, Col. Bowman undertook an expedition into the country of the Shaw- anese, acting upon the principle that to defend yourself against Indians you must assail them He marched undiscovered into the immediate vicinity of the towns upon the Little Miami, and so divided and arranged his forces as to insure apparent success, one portion of his troops being commanded by him- self, another by Col. Benjamin Logan; but from some unexpected cause, his division of the whites did not co-operate fully with that led by Logan, and the whole body was forced to retreat, after having taken some booty, including 160 horses, and leaving the town of the savages in cinders, bu.t also leaving the fierce warriors themselves in no degree daunted or crippled."* Soon after this, the Indians, thirsty for blood, made their appearance again on the south side of the Ohio, and won a victory over a party of Americans, which is thus described in the authority just quoted: "An expedition which had been in the neighborhood of Lexington, where the first permanent improvements were made in April of this year, upon its return came to the Ohio near the Licking, and at the very time that Col. Rog- iers and Capt. Benham reached the same point on their way up the river in boats. A few of the Indians were seen by the commander of the little Ameri- can squadron, near the mouth of the Licking; and supposing himself to be far superior in numbers, caused seventy of his men to land, intending to sur- round the. savages. In a few minutes, however, he found he was himself sur- rounded, and, after a hard-fought battle, only twenty or twenty-five, or per- haps even fewer of the party, were left alive. It was in connection with this skirmish that an incident occurred which seems to belong rather to a fanciful story than to sober history, and which yet appears to be well authenticated. In the party of whites was Capt. Robert Benham. He was one of those that fell, being shot through both hips, so as to be powerless in his lower limbs; he dragged himself, however, to a tree-top, and there lay concealed from the savages after the contest was over. On the evening of the second day, seeing a raccoon, he shot it; but no sooner was the crack of his rifle heard than he distinguished a human voice not far distant; supposing it to be some Indian, he reloaded his gun and prepared for defense; but a few moments undeceived him, and he discovered that the person whose voice he had heard was a fellow- sufierer, with this difference, however, that both his arms were broken! Here, then, were the only two survivors of the combat (except those who had entirely escaped), with one pair of legs and one pair of arms between them. It will be easily believed that they formed a copartnership for mutual aid and defense. Benham shot the game which his friend drove, toward him, and the man with sound legs then kicked it where he with sound arms sat ready to cook it. To procure water, the one with legs took a hat by the brim in his teeth, and walked into the Licking up to his neck, while the man with arms was to make signals if any boat appeared in sight. In this way they spent about six weeks, when on the 27th of November, they were rescued. Benham afterward bought and lived upon the land where the battle took place; his companion, Mr. Butler tells us, was, a few years since, still living in Brownsville, Penn." This account was written many years ago, and as a matter of coui'se both those men have long since "joined the innumerable throng" on the shores of the silent land. Theirs is but one example of the endurance of which the bold and hardy frontiersmen were possessed, and such instances could be multiplied almost without number. Who *Annals of tlie West, p. 227. 234 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. is not familiar with the adventures of Boone, Kenton, Logston, Brady, McCulloiigh, Wetzel, and the. hosts of others whose names have de- scended in history that the people of the West might know how the country in which they live was won for them? Bravely and stubbornly they fought, and the broad and beautiful laud now densely populated is the rich heritage from the hands of those noble men whose memory is revered by all who read this story. No longer now is heard the voice of war; the smoke of the conflict rests no more on the rivers and forests of the West; the savage race is far removed from the scenes of its early triumphs and defeats, and before the genius of civilization and universal liberty the country has pushed rapidly and steadily forward until it stands at the head of the nations. In the summer of 1780, a force of 000 Canadians and Indians, commanded by Col. Byrd, a British officer, and having two field pieces, marched up the valley of the Licking, in Kentucky, and surprised and captured Ruddle's and Mar- tin's Stations, on the South Fork of that river. The Indians perpetrated their usual excesses and cruelties, and the force, perhaps from thaf. fact, was sud- denly " turned right- about- face and hurried out of the country with all speed."* Gen Clark, who had just completed a fortfon the Mississippi River below the mouth of the Ohio, and had returned to his station at the falls, now Louisville, Ky., had received a letter from the Governor of Virginia, recommending an' attack upon the Indian villages north of the Ohio, and learning of the raid up the Licking, prepared immediately to administer chastisement upon the sav- ages, and to destroy the store which furnished goods to the natives. This store, known as Loramie's, was near the present site of a village of the same name, in Shelby County, Ohio, where a post had been destroyed by the French in 1752. Clark was not long in mustering a force of a thousand Kentuckians, and was soon at the mouth of the Lickinof. The advance was against the Indian towns on the Little Miami and Mad Rivers, and it was entirely successful, re- sulting in their utter destruction. About five miles west of the present site of the city of Springfield, Ohio, was situated the old Indian town of Piqua, on the Mad River; and about twelve miles south, on the Little Miami, in the northern portion of what is now Greene County, was the old Indian town of Chillicothe. Piqua is said to have contained, at one time, nearly 4,000 Shawanese, and in the summer of 1780 it was quite populous. About 300 Mibgoes, led by Simon Girty, were there as allies of the Shawanese, the latter being probably commanded by their celebrated chief, Catahecassa, or Blackhoof . On the 2d of August, 1 780, Clark moved north- ward with his army from the north shore of the Ohio, where Cincinnati now stands, and on the 6th arrived at old Chillicothe, only to find it destroyed and its Indian inhabitants gone. The next day he drew up in front of old Piqua.J Here he found the Indians aware of his approach, information having been given by a soldier who had deserted to the enemy. Girty withdrew his 300 Min- goes from the fight, and the Shawanese were efi'ectually whipped by Clark's army and retreated in dismay before the men who fought in such a reckless manner that the red men termed them "mad." The eng-asfement occurred on the 8th of August, and on the 9th the victorious troops destroyed the stock- ade fort, the cabins and the corn-fields, starting on their return to Kentucky on the 10th. The Shawanese were now obliged to provide themselves shelter and food, and found no time for war for a considerable period. * Western Annals, p 235. t Fort Jefferson. I This town was about where the town of Xew Boston, Clark County, Oliio, now stands. After the Indians were driven from here, they estaMished themselves in what is now Miami County, and gave ihe old name to tiie new village. This was on the site of llie present city of I'iqiia. They also had another town of the same name in the southern part of the State, but this lias been changed to I'ickaway, and is the name of a county at present, uf which Circleville is the seat of justice. .M ^y^^^^^^^^U^^ /rr^-u/^-tx^h,-^ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 237 In the spring of 1781, a small force was sent out from Fort Pitt against some of the Delaware Indians who had broken their treaty and taken up the hatchet in common with other tribes against the Americans. Their towns near Coshocton were laid waste, numbers of their warriors killed and captured, and large quantities of peltry and supplies destroyed. The hostile Delawares now withdrew forever from the valleys of the Tuscarawas and Miiskingum, and took up their abode on the Scioto, the Mad River and the Sandusky, while the British commander at Detroit gave them every encoiu'agement and addressed them as his "children." The friendly Delawares at Newcomerstown, above Coshocton, placed themselves under the protection of the Americana and re- turned with the troops to Fort Pitt. Thus was a tribe "divided against itself," and it was but natural that it should ultimately be only too willing to make permanent peace with those who were its conquerors; and such, as will pres- ently be seen, was the final resitlt, at the treaty of Greenville. Finally, in the summer of 1781, it seemed that the much-wished-for capt- ure of the British post at Detroit was in a fair way to be accomplished. Virginia took the matter in hand, and raised a force of about 400 men, placing them under the command of George Rogers Clark, whose signal success" in the previous year had inspired greater confidence than ever in him. Near the close of July, the command moved down the Ohio from Pittsburgh for the falls (now Loitisville), and at Wheeling was joined by a considerable body in addi- tion, while at the same place nearly an hundred of the militia deserted. A force from Westmoreland County, Penn. , comman-ct. After he lelt, the enemy succefesfully invaded Kentucky, and won the bloody battle of Blue Licks, August 19, 1782. J Annals of the West, p. 27H. ji This express left Pittsburgh October 3, and Clark met it on the present hite of Cincinnati. li Now Piqua, Bliami County, Ohio. From Gen. Clark's letter it would seem that the ti^wn had been given the same name as the old one on the Little Miami, previously refeircd to. Other accounts give it alwiiys as Piqua. a It has been seen that Gen. ^rvine was unable to make hii cout<'mplated descent upon the Delawares aud Wyan- dots in their towns on the Sandusky River. b Lincoln County, Ky. c Lake Erie. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 241 provisions burned surpassed all idea we bad of tbe Indian stores. Tbe loss of tbe enemy was ten scalps, seven prisoners,- and tAvo wbites re-taken; ours was one killed and one wounded. After lying part of four days in tlieir towns, and finding all attempts to bring the enemy to a general action fruitless, we retired, as tbe season was far advanced and tbe weather threatening. I could not learn from the prisoners that they had tbe least idea of Gen. Irwin's* penetrating into their country; should he have given them another stroke at Sandusky, it will have more than doubled tbe advantage already gained. We miglit probably have got many more scalps and prisoners could we have known in time whether we were discovered or not. We took for granted we were not, until getting within three miles, some circumstances happened which caused me to think otherwise. Col. John Floyd was then ordered to advance with three hundred men, to bring on an action or at- tack the town, while Maj. Walls, with a party of horse, bad previously been detached by a different route, as a party of observation. Although Col. Floyd's motions were so quick as to -get to the town but a few minutes later than those who discovered bis ap- proach, the inhabitants had sufficient notice to effect their escape to the woods, by the alarm cry which was givcm on the first discovery. This was beard at a verj^ great dis- tance, and repeated by all that heard it. Consequently, our parties only fell in with tbe rear of the enemy. I must beg leave to recommend to your Excellency the militia of Kentucky, whose behavior on the occasion does them honor, and particularly their desire to save prisoners. Subscribed, G. R. Clark. To Gov. Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia. With what joy the frontier settlers hailed the dawn of peace it can be imagined. For seven years they had lived in fear of incursions from their savage foes, and their relief must have been exceedingly great at the cessation of hostilities with even a portion of their enemies. The defeat and capture of Lord Cornwallis at I'orktown, Va., " prepared tiie way for preliminaries of peace with Great Britain, and put a check upon their Indian allies. Upon the 30th of November, 1782, provisional articles of peace had been arranged at Paris, between the Commissioners of England and her unconquerable colo- nies. Upon the 20th of January following, hostilities ceased; on the 19th of April — the anniversary of the battle of Lexington — peace was proclaimed to the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next September, the defi- nite treaty which ended in our revolutionary struggle was concluded. "f But the close of the war with Great Britain did not bring peace to the border settlements. " The victories in the East brought no cessation of hos- tilities in the West. The savages still glutted their vengeance upon the un- wary borderers; the tomahawk and scalping-knife still brought death in all the brutality with which the Indian was capable, to young and old — to either sex."J Matters between the United States and Great Britain remained for several years unsettled, and there was some difficulty with a few of the States regarding the adjustment of land claims in the territory on the upper side of the Ohio. The Indians almost constantly harassed the border settlements, and at times wore an aspect of evil. A treaty at Fort Stanwix (now J tome, N. Y.), October 22, 1784:, with the Iroquois tribes— Mohawks, Onondagas, Ca- yugas and Senecas — restilted in their ceding to the United States all claims to the country west of the western border of Pennsylvania as far as the Ohio River. January 21, 1785, a treaty was held at Fort Mcintosh with the Wy- andots, Delawar^s, Chippewas and Ottawas, the celebrated Delaware chief, Buckongahelas, it is said, being present. The following were the important provisions of this treaty: "Article III. — The boundary lines between the United States and the "Wyandot and Delaware nations shall begin at the mouth of.the River Cayahoga, and run thence up the said river to the portage between that and the Tuscara- was branch of the Muskingum; then down the said branch to the forks at the crossing place above I'ort Lavsrence [Laurens]; then westwardly, to the portage of the Big Miami, which runs into the Ohio, at the mouth of which branch the fort stood which was taken by the French in one thousand seven ■■ Meaning Irvine's. fAnnals of the West, t Biitterfield. 242 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. hundi'ed and lifty-two; then along the said portage to the Great Miami or Ome Rivei", ancldown the southeast side of the same to its mouth; thence along the douth shore of Lake Erie to the mouth of the Cayahoga, where it began. "Akt. IV. — The United States allot all the la ads contained within the said lines to the AVyandot and Delaware nations, to live and to hunt on, and to such of the Ottawa nation as nov/ live thereon; saving and reserving, for the establishment of trading posts, six miles square at the mouth of the Mi- ami or Ome River, and the same at the portage on that branch of the Big Mi- ami which rans into the Ohio, and the same on the Lake of Sandusky, where the fort formerly stood, and also two miles square on each side of the lower rapids of Sandusky River; which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be to the use and under the Government of the United States. "Akt. V. — If any citizen of the United States, or other person, not be- ing an Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands allotted to the Wyandot and Delaware nations in this treaty, except on the lands reserved to the United States in the preceding article, such person shall forfeit the pro- tection of the United States and the Indians may punish him as they please. "Aet. VI. — The Indians who sign this treaty, as well in behalf of all their tribes as of themselves, do acknowledge the lands east, south and west of the lines described in the third article, so far as the said Indians formerly claimed the same, to belong to the United States; and none of their tribe shall presume to settle upon the same or any part of it. "Art. VII. — The post of Detroit, with a district beginning at the mouth of the River Rosine [Raisin], on the west side of Lake Erie, and running west six miles up the southern bank of the said river, thence northerly, and always six miles west of the strait, till it strikes the Lake St. Clair, shall also be reserved to the sole use of the United States. "Art. VIII. — In the same manner, the post of Michilimackinac, with its dependencies, and twelve miles square about the same, shall be reserved for the use of the United States. "Art. IX. — If any Indian or Indians shall commit a robbery or mur- der on any citizen of the United States, the tribe to which such offender may belong shall be bound to deliver them up at the nearest post, to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States." On the 15th of June, 1785, Congress issued the following proclamation, which was circulated in the Western country: Whekea;?, It has been reprer-ented to the United States, hi Congress asscnihkd, that several disorderly persons have erossed the Ohio and settled upon vheir vuiapproprialed lands; and whereas, it is their intention, as soon as it shall he surveyed, to open olhees for the sale of a considerable part thereof, in such proportions and under such other regula- tions as may suit the convenience of all the citizens of the said States and others who may wish to become purchasers of the same; and as .«uch conduct tends to defeat the object ihey have in view, is in direct opposition to the ordinances and resolutions of Con- gress, and highly disrespectful to the federal authority ; thej' have, therefore, thought lit, and do hereby issue this their proclamation, strictly forbidding all such unwarrantable in- trusions, and enjoining all those who have settled thereon to depart with their families and effects, without loss of time, as they shall answer the same at their peril. A treaty was made with the Shawauese, January 31, 1786, at the mouth of the Great Miami River, of which the following is "Article VI. — The United States do allot to the Shawanese nation, lands within their territory, to live and hitnt upon, beginning at the south line of the lands allotted to the Wyandot and Delaware nations, at the place where the main branch of the Great Miami, which falls into tlie Ohio, intersects said line; then down the River Miami to the fork of that river, next below the old fort which was taken by the French in one thousand seven hundred and fifty- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 243 two; thence due west to the Kiver De La Panse; then down that river to the River AV abash; beyond which lines none of the citizens of the' United States shall settle, nor disturb the Shawanese in their settlement and possessions. And the Shawanese do relinquish to the United States all title, or pretense of title, they ever had to the lands east, west and south of the east, west and south lines before described." It had been endeavored to bring the Wabash tribes and others to treat at this time, but the effort did not succeed, and they continued their depreda- tions. The Shawanese, also, disregarding their treaty, resumed hostilities, and, in the fall of 1786, an expedition was led against them by Col. Benjamin Logan, from Kentucky, who burned their towns on Mad River and destroyed their crops. One of his encampments on the route was at a place in what is now Clinton County, Ohio, known as the Deserted Camp, where it is said a Frenchman deserted from his force in order to give warning to the Indians, and thus partially frustrated the object of the expedition. Another expedition had been undertaken against the Wabash Indians, by Gen. George Rogers Clark, but its results were hardly satisfactory. Matters now remained in a state of uncertainty until July, 1787, when Congress passed Ordinance No. 32, since knuwn as the ordinance of 1787, for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the River Ohio. It was drawn up by Nathan Dane, a Revolutionary patriot, of Massa- chusetts, and its full text appears elsewhere in this volume Judge Jacob Burnet, of Cincinnati, in his "Notes of the Early Settlement of the Northwest- ern Territory," published in 1847, speaks of the ordinance as follows: "That document was the Constitution of the Territory. It vested the ex- ecutive power in a Governor; the judicial power in a General Court, composed of three Judges, and the legislative power in the Governor and Judges, acting as a Legislative Council. It also provided for the appointment of a Secretary of the Territory, who was subsequently authorized by an act of Congress to execute all the powers and duties of the Governor, in case of his death, re- moval, or necessary absence from the Territory. It also provided for the estab- lishment of tribunals, inferior to the General Court, and for the appointment of suboi'dinate ofBcers. The legislative power was limited to the adoption of such laws of the original States as they might think suited to the condition and wants of the people which were to be submitted to and approved by Con- gress. It also entitled the TeiTitory, as soon as it should be found to contain 5,000 free male inhabitants, of full age, to a General Assembly, to consist of a Legislative Council and House of Representatives, and also to a delegate in Congress. For the purpose of carrying the Ordinance into eflect and or- ganizing a Terntorial Government, Congress, on the 5tb of October, 1787, elected ^irthur St. Claii-, Governor, and Winthrop Sargent, Secretary; and on the 16th of the same month, they appointed Samuel Holden Parsons, John Armstrong, of Newburg, N. Y., and James Mitchell Varnum, Judges of the said Territory. On the 16th of January, John Armstrong declined the ap- pointment, and John C. Symmes was chosen to till the vacancy. " On the day St. Clair was appointed Governor, Congi-ess passed a resolu- tion instructing him to "hold a general treaty with the tribes of Indians within the United States inhabiting the country northwest of the River Ohio and about the lakes, at such time and place as he should appoint, for the pur- pose of knowing the cause of uneasiness among them — hearing their com- plaints — regulating trade, and amicably settling all affairs concerning lands and boundaries between them and the United States, agreeably to such in- structions as should be given him, for that purpose." In pursuance of that order, he assembled the Indians at Marietta, in January, 1789, and negotiated 244 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. with them what afterward became known as the "Treaty of Fort Harmar. "* When Congress first assembled under the new Constitution, at New York, in May, 1789, Washington, as one of his first official acts as President, submitted said treaty to the Senate for its action thereon, and that body immediately ap- proved and ratified it. At the same session, St. Clair and Sargent were re-ap- pointed to the positions of Governor and Secretary of the Territory, and a new board of Judges was appointed. " But these treaties," says Albach. "if meant in good faith by those Avho made them, were not respected, and the year of which we now write (1789) saw renewed the old frontier troubles in all their barbarism and variety. The Wabash Indians especially, who had not been bound by any treaty as yet, kept up constant incursions against the Kentucky settlers, and the emigrants down the Ohio, and the Kentuckians retaliated, striking foes and friends, even ' the peaceable Piankeshaws, who yirided themselves on their attachment to the United States.' Nor could the President take any effectual steps to put an end to this constant partisan warfare. In the first place, it was by no means clear that an attack bv the forces of the Government upon the Wabash tribes could be jus- tified." " Troubles multiplied, and the campaigns of Harmar and St. Clair, in 1790 and 1791 respectively, followed by Wayne's terrible punishment of the Indians in August, 1791, are matters of history not necessary to notice at length in this place. The victory of Wayne enabled him to do what a commission had failed to do in an attempt in 1793, namely, to agree on terms of peace witli the various Western tribes. The treaty of Greenville was concluded on the 3d of August, 1795, after a long and carefully conducted conference, in the proceed- ings of which the shrewdness and tact of Wayne are most conspicuous. There were present at the conference numbers from the tribes as follows: Wyan- dots, 180; Delawares, 381; Shawanese, 143; Ottawas, 45; Chippewas, 4G; Pot- tawattomies, 240; Miamis and Eel Kivers, 73; Weas and Piankeshaws, 12; Kickapoos and Kaskaskias, 10; total 1,130. The provisions of the treaty were as follows if Article I. — Hostilities were to cease. Art. II. — All prisoners were to be restored. Art. III. — The general boundary lines between the lands of the United States and the lands of the said Indian tribes shall begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and run thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarawas branch ol the Muskingum; thence down that branch to the crossing place above Fort Lawrence [Laurens]; thence westwardly, to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami River, running into the Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loramie's store, and where commences the portage between the Miami and the Ohio and St. Mary's River, Avhich is a branch of the Miami which runs into Lake Erie; thence a westwardly course, to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; thence southwesterly, in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of the Kentucky or Cuttawa River. And in consideration of the peace now established; of the goods formerly received from the United States; of those now to be delivered; and of the yearly delivery of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter; and to indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses they have sus- tained during the war; the said Indian tribes do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general boundary lines now described; and these lands, or any part of them, *Thi8 was on the 9th of January, 17S9. The treaty confirmed the previous one with the Iroquois at Fort Stan- wix, made in October, 1784, and another made at Fort Mcintosh in January, 1785, with the Wyandots, Delawares, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pottawattomies and Sacs, also extending the latter treaty. fSee Annals of the West, pp. 442-44G. :^^'^^, Ci--u~-£>->V> HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 247 shall never hereafter be made a cause, or pretense, on the part of said tribes, or any of them, of war or injmy to the United States, or any other people thereof. And for the same consideration, and as an evidence of the said Indian tribes, of their confidence in the United States, and desire to provide for their ac- commodations, and for that convenient intercourse which will be beneficial to both parties, the said Indian tribes do also cede to the United States the fol- lowing pieces of land, to wit: 1. One piece of land six miles square, at or near Loramie's store, before mentioned. 2. One piece, two miles square, at the head of the navigable water or landing, on the St. Mary's River, nearGir- ty's Town. 3. One piece, six miles square, at the head of the navigable wat- ers of the Auglaize River. 4. One piece, six miles S(pare, at the conference of the Auglaize and Miami Rivers, where Fort Defiance now stands. 5. One piece, six miles square, at or near the confluence of the Rivers St. Mary's and St. Joseph's, where Fort Wayne now stands, or near it. G. One piece, two miles square, on the Wabash River, at the end of the portage from the Miami of the Lake, and about eight miles eastward from Fort Wayne. 7. One piece six miles square, at the Ouiatanon, or old Wea towns, on the Wabash River. 8. One piece, twelve miles square, at the British fort on the Miami of the Lake at the foot of the rapids. 9. One piece, six miles square, at the mouth of said river, where it empties into the lake. 10. One piece, six miles square, upon Sandusky Lake, where a fort formerly stood. 11. One piece, two miles square, at the lower rapids of Sandusky River. 12. The post of Detroit, and all the lands to the north, the west and the south of it, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English Governnments ; and so much more land to be annexed to the District of Detroit as shall be comprehended between the River Rosine on the south and Lake St. Clair on the north, and a line, the general covirse whereof shall be six miles distant from the west end of Lake Erie and Detroit Rivei*. 13. The post of Michili- mackinac, and all the land on the island on which that post stands, and the mainland adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grants to the French or English Governments; and apiece of land on the main to the north of the Island, to measure six miles, on Lake Huron or the strait between Lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend three miles back from the water on the lake or strait; and also, the Island de Bois Blanc, being an extra and voluntary gift of the Chippewa nation. 14. One piece of land, six miles square, at the mouth of Chicago River, emptying into the southwest end of Lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood. 15. One piece, twelve miles square, at or near the mouth of the Illinois River, emptying into the Missis- sippi. 16. One piece, six miles square, at the old Peorias' fort and village, near the south end of the Illinois Lake, on said Illinois River. And whenever the United States shall think proper to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands hereby ceded to them, they shall give timely notice thereof to the said tribes of Indians, that they may appoint some of their wise chiefs to attend and see that the lines are run according to the terms of this treaty. And the said Indian tribes will allow to the people of the United States a free passage, by land and by water, as one and the other shall be found con- venient, through their country along the chain of posts herein before men- tioned, that is to say: from the commencement of the portage aforesaid, at or near Loramie's stoi'e, thence along said portage to the St. Mary's and down the same to Fort W^ayne, and then down the Miami to Lake Erie; again from the commencement of the portage, at or near Loramie's store, along the por- tage and thence from the River Auglaize, and down the same to its junction with the Miami at Fort Defiance; again, from the commencement of the por- 248 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. tage aforesaid to Sandxisky River, and down the same to Sandusky Bay, and Lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which shall be taken at or near the foot of the rapids of the Miami of the Lake; and from thence to Detroit. Again, from the mouth of the Chicago River to the commencement of the port- age between that river and the Illinois, and down the Illinois River to the Mississippi; also, from Fort Wayne, along the portage aforesaid which leads to the "VV abash, and then down the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will also allow the people of the United States the free use of the har- bors and mouths of rivers, along the lakes adjoining the Indian lands, for sheltering vessels and boats, and liberty to land their cargoes when necessary for their safety. Art. IV. — In consideration of the peace now established, and of the sessions and relinquishments of lands, made in the preceding article by the said tribes of Indians, and to manifest the liberality of the United States, as the great means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual, the United States relinquish their claim to all other Indian lands, northward of the River Ohio, eastward of the Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great Lakes and the waters uniting them, according to the boundary line agreed upon by the United States and the King of Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the year 1783. But from this relinquishment by the United States the following tracts of land are explicitly excepted: Ist. The tract of 150,000 acres, near the rapids of the River Ohio, which has been assigned to Gen. Clark for the use of himself and his warriors. 2d. The post at St. Vin- cennes, on the River Wabash, and the lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished. 3d. The lands at all other places, in possesson of the French people and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished, as mentioned in the third article; and 4th the post of Fort Massac, towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of land, so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the title and claim which they or any of them may have. And, for the same considerations, and with the same views as above men- tioned, the United States now deliver to the said Indian tribes a quantity of goods to the value of twenty thousand dollars, the receipt whereof they do hereby acknowledge; and henceforward, every year, forever, the United States will deliver, at some convenient place northward of the River Ohio, like uspf ul goods, suited to the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine thou- sand five hundred dollars, reckoning that value at the first cost of the goods in the city or place in the United States where they shall be procured. The tribes to which these goods are to be annually delivered, and the proportions in which they are to be delivered are the following: 1st, To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand dollars; 2d, to the Delawares, the amount of one thousand dollars; 3d, to the Shawanese, the amou.nt of one thousand dollars; 4th, to the* Miamis, the amount of one thousand dollars; 5th, to the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand dollars; 6th, to the Chippewas, the a,mount of one thousand dollars; 7th, to the Potta- watomies, the amount of one thousand dollars; 8th, and to the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw and Kaskaskia tribes, the amount of five hundred dollars each. Provided, That if either of the tribes shall hereafter, at an annual delivery of their share of the goods aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be furnished in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and other utensils convenient for them, and in compensation to useful artificers, who may reside with or near them, and be employed for their benefit, the same shall, at the sabsequeot annual deliveries, be furnished accordingly. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 219 Art. y. — To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian lauds relinquished by the United States, in 'the fourth article, it is now explicitly declared that the meaning of that relinquishment is this: The Indian tribes who have a right to these lands are quietly to enjoy them, hunting, planting and dwelling thereon, so long as they please, without any molestation from the United States; but when those tribes, or auy of them, shall be disposed to sell their lands or any part of them, they are to be sold only to the United States; and, until such sale, the United States will protect all the said Indian tribes, in the quiet enjoyment of their lands, against all citizens of the United States, and against all other white persons who intrude upon the same. And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge themselves to be under the pro- tection of the said United States, and no other power whatever. Art. VI. — The Indians or United States may remove and punish intruders on Indian lands. Art. VII. — Indians may hunt within ceded land°. Art. VIII — Trade shall be opened in substance as by provisions in treaty of Fort Harmar. Art. IX. — All injuries shall be referred to law, not privately avenged; and all hostile plans known to either shall be revealed to the other party. Art. X. — All previous treaties annulled. The various nations named in the fourth article signed this treaty on the date given (August 3, 1795); it was laid before the Senate on the 9th of De- cember and ratified by that body on the 22d of the same month. And thus closed the long and bloody old Indian wars of the West. The peace then agreed upon lasted for sixteen years, when the renowned Shawanese chieftain, Tecumseh, who, with his brother the Prophet, had laid plans to unite all the tribes as one, and had stirred them to strife, precipitated the war of that year, in which Gov. "William Henry Harrison showed himself to be a man of great nerve and wonderful resources. That hostilities were brought on largely through the aid of the sneaking emissaries of Great Britain there can be no doubt, and the final breaking-out of the war of 1S12 ujion the land settled the aim of the British Government conclusively. Happily, that war resulted advantageously to the United States, and cooled the desire of the great foreign power to usurp the rights of the young Republic, which had thus, a second time, tau.ght the British lion a severe lesson. Treaties were made in 1S14 and 1815, with several tribes of Indians, and their allegiance secured to the United States. In 1817, an effort was made to extinguish the Indian title to lands in Ohio, b^^t the absence of the Miamis from the council, held at the rapids of the Maumee in September, prevented. Cass and McArthur, however, purchased of the Indians nearly the whole northwestern portion of ihe State, estimated at 3,694,540 acres, exclusive of reservations, paying therefor the sum of $140,893, or three cents and eight mills per acre. Mention will now be made of three individuals known to the early history of this region, two of whom had much to do with the affairs of the country in their time: The Pipe, or Capt. Pipe, as known to history, was one of the most savage enemies of the Americans. In 1764, he was ca.ptured, and detained at Fort Pitt until Bouquet dictated terms of peace to the Delawares and Shawanese on the Muskingiim, when he was set at liberty. Pipe's Indian name was Kogieschquanoheel, and he was the principal Captain of the Wolf tribe of the Delawares, becoming afterward its tribal chief. After Pontiac's war, until 1780, his tribe was at peace with the Americans, but with the breaking-out of the Revolution, Capt. Pipe became a prominent actor in the field against the country. His home was then upon the Walhonding, about fifteen miles above •J'lO lUSTOUV OF rSU^N OOUNTV. wbnt is now CosQiooton. Ho was tho bittor onomv o{ tho Moraviau mission arios. At tho closo of tho l\ovohition,ho ohan>;oJ oroatlv. audadvooatod poaco with tho Aniorioans in tho oounoils of his nation, whioh had drawn baok to tho Mannioo Hivor. AUhou^h ho foni^'ht aijaiust Hannar in tb.o fall of 17iH>. ho Yot iK^iiwl and ailvooatod a oossation of hostilitios. bnt his advico was nn hoodod. His arm was fairly woariod with slan>;htor at St. Clair's dofoat in ITiU. " A ojrand ivnnoil of noarlv all tho Northwostorn tribos assombkxi in tho antnmn of 1TU2, at tho ooutlnonoo of tho Anglai/o and tho Alanmoo Kivors, vvhovo tho town of Dofianoo now stands, to tako into oousidoratiou tho coudi tiou of at\aii"s in tho Vuitod States. Tho ivsnlt was tliat tho Indians aj^rood to hold a troatv with Conunissionors of tho now (Tovornmont tho next snmmor. Tho warriors again gathorod npon tho ^Tanmoo. aitd I'ho Pipo was amon^if tho foromost advocates for poaco. Bnt tho nations declared for war. and the I'uitod States sent against them an army, nnder the eonnuand of the heroic Anthony \\'ayne. by whom they were reduced to entire submission. Capt. ripe did not live to witi\ess the total defeat of tho coufedoi-ato tribes, on the '20th of Augttst. 17^U, npoi\ the banks of the Maumee. by that victorious Geii- ei*al. Ho died a few days previous."* Simon Girty. tho notorious renegade, who deserted to tho British because he faih\l to stKniro a Captaincy in the American regulaits early in 1T7S. was the man who stirrini np the worst feelings of tho savages, and fought with them in many a tierce fray with his discarded countrymen. The only good dtH">d related of hint after his desertion is the rosette of Simon Kenton from death at tho stake at AVapatomica, in September. 1T7S. At tho conference in 17V>2. after St. Clair's defeat, just mentioned, he was the only white man allowed to be present, and there " his voice was still for war." At a second conference, in 17*.^8, it was mainly through his exertions that continued hos- tilities were decided npon. The power of tho Indians was broken by ^Vayne in 1704, and it is said that when the tight o: "Twenty-eight yeai^s ago. on the death of the great chief of the "Wyandots. I was invited to attend a general conncil of all the tribes of Ohio, the Dela- wares of Indiaita and the Senecas of Xew York, at Upper Sandusky. I found. on arriving at the place, a very huge attendance. Among the chiefs was the III.STOKV OF UNION COUNTV. 251 not<;d loacl<;r und orator Hod Jacket, from Buffalo. The fir.st businesfidone was the Hpoaker of tLe nation delivering an oration on the character of the decerned chief. Then followed what might be called a monofly, or ceremony, of mourn- ing and lamentation. Thus seats were arranj^ed from end to end of a lar^^e councxl-hou.se, about six feet apart. The head men and the aj^ed took their seats facing each oth'.T, st/x.iping down, their heads almost touching. In that position they remained for several hours. L>eep, heavy and long-continued groans would commence at one end of the row of mourners, and so pass round until all had rf^pondf.'d, and these repeated at int«r\als of a few minutf^-s. T*he Indians were all washed, and had no paint or decorations of any kind uj>on their jxjrsons, their countenances and general deportment denoting the deepest mourning. I had never witnessed anything of the kind before and was told this ceremony was not performed but on the decease of some great man. After the period of mourning and lamentation was over, the Indians procee^led U) business. There were present the Wyandots, Shawanese.Delawares.Senecas, Ottawas and Mohawks. The business was entirely confined to their own affairs, and the main topic related to their lands and the claims of the rf:rspect- ive tribes. It was evident, in the course of the discassion, that the p>resence of myself and people (there were some white men with me) was not acceptable to some of the parties, and allusions were nmde so direct to myself that I was constrained Uj notice them, Vjy saying that I came there as the guest of the Wyandots, Vjy their special invitation: that, as the agent of the United States, I had a right to be there or anywhere else in the Indian country; and that if any insult was offered ty the different parties, accusing each other of being foremost in selling lands to the Unit*'d States. The Shawanese were particularly marked out as more guilty than any other; that they were the last coming into the Ohio country, and, although they had no right but by permission of the other tribes, they were always the foremost in selling lands. This brought the Shawanese out, who retorted, through their head chief, the Black Hoof, on the Senecas and ^Vyandots with f jointed severity. The discussion was long continued, calling out some of the ablest sf)eakers, and Avas distinguished for al)ility, cutting sarcasm and research — going far back int^j the hi.stxjry of the natives, their wars, alliances, nego- tiations, migrations, etc. I had attended many councils, treaties and gather- ings of the Indians, but never in my life did I witness such an outpouring of native oratory and eloquence, of severe rebuke, taunting national and personal reproaches. The council broke up late, in great confusion, and in the worst possiVjle feeling. A circumstance occurred toward the close, which more than anything else exhibited the Vjad feeling prevailing. In handing aruund the wamj^um belt, the emblem of amity, peace and good will, when presented to one of the chiefs he would not touch it with his fingers, but passed it on a stick U) the person next him. A greater indignity, agreeable to Indian etiquette, could not V^e offered. The next day appeared to be one of unusual anxiety and despondency among the Indians. They could be seen in groups every- where near the coancil-house, m deep consultation. They had acted foolishly — were sorry; but the difficulty was, who would first present the olive Vjranch. The council convened late and was very full: silence prevailed for a long time; at last the aged chief of the Shawanese, the Black Hoof, arose — a man of great influence and a celebrated orator. He told the assembly they had acted like children, and not men, on yesterday; that he and his people were sorry for the words that had been spoken, and which had done so much harm: that he came into the council by the unanimous desire of his people present to recall those 252 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. foolish words, and did there take them back — handing strings of wampnm, which passed round and was received by all with the greatest satisfaction. Several of the principal chiefs delivered speeches to the same effect, handing round wampum in turn, and in this manner the whole difficulty of the preced- ing day was settled, and to all appearances forgotten. The Indians are very courteous and civil to each other, and it is a rare thing to see their assemblies disturbed by unwise or ill-timed remarks. I never witnessed it except on the occasion here alluded to; and it is more than probable that the presence of myself and other white men contributed toward the unpleasant occurrence. I could Qot but admire the genuine philosophy and good sense displayed by men whom we call .savages, in the transaction of their public business: and how much we might profit in the halls of our legislatures by occasionally taking for our examples the proceedings of the great Indian council at Sandusk}^" THE STORY OF JONATHAN ALDER. Many of the people living in this locality are more or less familiar with the history of this man. but it will not be out of place to give an account of him here, taken principally from Howe's Ohio: Jonathan Alder n'as born in New Jersey, about eight miles from Philadel- phia, September 17, 1773. When at about the age of seven years, his parents removed to Wythe County, Va. , and his father soon after died. In the succeed- ing March (1782), while out with his brother David, hunting for a mare and her colt, he was taken prisoner by a small party of Indians. His brother, on the first alarm, ran, and was pursued by some of the party. " At length," says Alder, "I saw them returning, leading my brother, while one was holding the handle of a spear +hat he had thrown at him and run into his body. As they appi'oached, one of them stepped up and grasped him around the body, while another pulled out the spear. I observed some Hesh on the end of it, which looked white, which I supposed came from his entrails. I moved to him and inquired if he was hurt, and he replied that he was. These were the last words that passed between us. At that moment he turned pale and began to sink, and I was hurried on, and shortly after saw one of the barbarous wretches coming up with the scalp of mv brother in his hand, shaking off the blood." The Indians, having also taken prisoner a Mrs. Martin, a neighbor to the Alders, with a young child, aged about four or five years, retreated toward their towns. Their route lay through the woods to the Big Sandy, down that stream to the Ohio, which they crossed, and from thence went overland to the Scioto, near Chillicothe, and so on to a Mingo village on Mad River. Finding the child of Mrs. Martin burdensome; they soon killed and scalped it. The last member of her family was now destroyed, and she screamed in agonj- of grief. Upon this, one of the Indians caught her by her hair, and, drawing the edge of his knife across her forehead, cried, "' Sculp! sculp!" with the hope of stilling her cries. But, indifferent to life, she continued her screams, when they procured some switches and whipped her until she was silent. The next day, young Alder having not risen, through fatigue, from eating, at the moment the word was given, saw, as his face was toward the north, the shadow of a man's arm with an uplifted tomahawk. He turned, and there stood an Indian, ready for the fatal blow. Upon this he let down his arm, and com- menced feeling of his head. He afterward told Alder it had been his intention to kill him; but as he turned, he looked so smiling and pleasant he could not strike, and on feeling of his head and noticing that his hair was very black, the thought struck him that, if he could only get him to his tribe, he would make a good Indian; but that all that saved his life was the color of his hair. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 253 After tbey crossed the Ohio, they killed a bear, and remained four days to dry the meat for packing and to fry out the oil, which last they put in the intestines, having first tm-ned and cleaned them. The village to which Alder was taken belonged to the Mingo tribe, and was on the north side of Mad Kiver, which, we should judge, was somewhere within or near the limits of what is now Logan County. As he entered, he was obliged to I'un the gauntlet, formed by young children armed with switches. He passed through this ordeal with little or no injmy, and was adopted into an Indian family. His Indian mother thoroughly washed him with soap and warm water with herbs in it, previous to di-essing him in the Indian costume, consisting of a calico shirt, breech-clout, leggins and moccasins. The family, having thus converted him into an Indian, were much pleased with their new member. But Jonathan was at first very homesick, thinking of his mother and brothers. Everything was strange about him; he was unable to speak a word of their language; their food disagreed with him, and, child-like, he used to go out daily for a month and sit under a large walnvxt tree near the village, and cry for hours at a time over his deplorable situation. His Indian father was a chief of the Mingo tribe, named Succohanos; his Indian mother was named Whinecheoh, and their daughters respectively answered to the good old English names of Maiy, Hannah and Sally. Succohanos and Whinecheoh were old people, and had lost a son, in whose place they had adopted Jonathan. They took pity on the little fellow, and did their best to comfort him; telling him that he would one day be restored to his mother and brothers. He says of them, " they could not have used their own son better, for which they shall always be held in most grateful remembrance by me." His Indian sister Sally, however, treated him like a slave, and when oiat of humor, applied to him, in the Indian tongue, the unladylike epithet of "onorary [mean], lousy prisoner!" Jonathan for a time lived with Mary, who had become the wife of the chief Col. Lewis.* "In the fall of the year," says he, "the Indians would generally collect at our camp, evenings, to talk over their hunting expeditions. I would sit up to listen to their stories, and frequently fell asleep just where I was sitting. After they left, Mary would fix my bed, and with Col. Lewis would carefully take me up and carry me to it. On these occasions they would often say — supposing me to be asleep — 'Poor fellow! We have sat up too long for him, and he has fallen asleep on the cold ground; ' and then how softly would they lay me down and cover me up. Oh, never have I, nor can I. express the afiection I had for these two persons." Jonathan, with other boys, went into Mad River to bathe, and on one occasion came near drowning. He was taken out senseless, and some time elapsed ere he recovered. He says: "I remember, after I got over my strangle, I became very sleepy, and thought I could draw my breath as well as ever. Being overcome with drowsiness, I laid down to sleep, which was the last I remember. The act of drowning is nothing, but the coming to life is distres- sing. The boys, after they had brought me to, gave me a silver buckle, as an inducement not to tell the old folks of the occurrence, for fear they would not let me come out with them again; and so the affair was kept secret." When Alder had learned to speak the Indian language, he became more contented. He says: " I would have lived very happy, if I could have had health; but for three or four years I was sul)ject to very severe attacks of fever and ague. Their diet went very hard with me for a long time. Their chief living was meat and hominy; but we rarely haa bread, and very little salt, which was extremely scarce and dear, as well as milk and butter. Honey and *Also called Oapt. John Lewis; he was a noted Shawanese chief, who lived in what is now Logan County, and from whom the village of Lewistown derived its name. 254 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. sugar were plentiful, and used a great deal in their cooking, as well as on their food." Wheo he was old enough, he was given an old English musket, and told that he must go out and learn to hunt. So he used to follow along the water- courses, where mud turtles were plenty, and commenced his first essay upon them. He generally aimed under them, as they lay basking on the rocks, and when he struck the stone they fl'ew sometimes several feet in the air, which afforded great sport for the youthful marksman. Occasionally he killed a wild turkey, or a raccoon, and, when he returned to the village with his game, gener- ally received high praise for his skill; the Indians telling him he would make .*' a great hunter one of these days." He had a varied experience during the years he remained with the Indians, and witnessed the shedding of blood in more khan one engagement between the whites and the savages. He also went on one expedition, with others, into Kentucky, to steal horses from the settlers. He remained with the Indians until after Wayne's treaty, in 1795. He was urged by them to be present on the occasion, to obtain a reservation of land which was to be given to each of the prisoners; but, ignorant of its importance, he neglected going, and lost the land. Peace having been restored, Alder says, " I could now lie down without fear, and rise up and shake hands with both the Indian and the white man." The summer after the treaty, while living on Big Darby, Lucas SulHvant made his appearance in that region, surveying land, and soon became on terms of intimacy with Alder, who related to him a history of his life, and gener- ously gave him the piece of land on which he dwelt; but, there being some little difficulty about the title. Alder did not contest, and so lost it. When the settlers first made their appearance on Darby, Alder could scarcely speak a word of English. He was then about twenty-four years of age, fifteen of which had been passed with the Indians. Two of the settlers kindly taught him to converse in English. He had taken up with a squaw for a wife some time previous, and now began to farm like the whites. He kept hogs, cows and horses, sold milk and butter to the Indians, horses and pork to the whites, and accumulated property. He soon was able to hire white laborers, and being dissatisfied with his squaw — a cross, peevish woman — wished to put her aside, get a wife from among the settlers, and live like them. Thoughts, too, of his mother and brothers began to obtrude, and the more he reflected, his desire strengthened to know if they were living, and to see them once more. He made inquiries for them, but was at a loss to know how to begin, being ignorant of the name of even the State in which they were. When talking one day with John Moore, a companion of his, the latter questioned him where he was from. Alder replied that he was taken prisoner somewhere near a place called Greenbrier, and that his people lived by a lead mine, to which he used frequently to go to see the hands dig ore. Moore then asked him if he could recollect the names of any of his neighbors. After a little reflection, he re- plied, "Yes; a family of that Gulions lived close by us." Upon this Moore dropped his head, as if lost in thought, and muttered to himself, " Gulion! Gulion! " and then raising up, replied, " My father and myself were out in that country, and we stopped at their house over one night, and if your people are living I can find them." Mr. Moore, after this, went to Wythe County, and inquired for the family of Alder, but without success, as they had removed from their former residence. He put up advertisements in various places, stating the facts, and where Alder was to be found, and then returned. Alder now abandoned all hopes of finding his family, supposing them to be dead. Some time after, he and Moore were at Franklinton, when he was informed there was a letter for him in the post office. It was from his brother Paul, stating that one of the ^:jc<_>o«^^^-^^V-2^aD HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 257 advertisements was put up within six miles of him, and that he got it the next day. It contained the joyful news that his mother and brothers were alive. Alder, in making preparations to start for Virginia, agreed to separate from his Indian wife, divide the property equally, and take and leave her with her own people at Sandusky. But some diflficulty occurred in satisfying her. He gave her all the cows, foiu-teen in number, worth $20 each, seven horses, and much other property, reserving to himself only two horses and the swine. Besides these was a small box, about six inches long, four wide and four deep, filled with silver, amounting, probably, to about |200, which he intended to take, to make an equal division; but to this she objected, saying the box was hers before marriage, and she woald not only have it but all it contained. Alder says: " I saw I could not get it without making a fuss, and probably having a tight, and told her that if she would promise never to trouble nor come back to me, she might have it; to which she agreed." Moore accompanied him to his brother's house, as he was unaccustomed to travel among the whites. They arrived there on horseback, at noon, the Sun- day after New Year's. They walked up to the house, and requested to have their horses fed, and, pretending to be entire strangers, inquired who lived there. " I had concluded," says Alder, " not to make myself known for some time, and eyed my brother very close, but did not recollect his features. I had always thought I should have recognized my mother, by a mole on her face. In the corner sat an old lady, who I supposed was her, although I could not tell, for when I was taken by the Indians her head was as black as a crow, and now it was almost perfectly white. Two young women were present, who eyed me veiy close, and I heard one of them whisper to the other, ' He looks very much like Mark' (my brother). I saw they were about to discover me, and accordingly turned my chair around to my brother and said, ' You say your name is Alder ? ' 'Yes,' he replied, ' my name is Paul Alder. ' 'Well,' I rejoined, 'my name is Alder, too.' Now, it is hardly necessary to describe our feelings at that time; but they were very different from those I had when I was taken prisoner, and saw the Indian coming with my brother's scalp in his hand, shaking off the blood. When I told my brother that my name was Alder, he rose to shake hands with me, so overjoyed that he could scarcely utter a word, and my old mother ran, threw her arms around me, whiln tears rolled down her cheeks. The first words she spoke, after she grasped me in her arms, were, " How you have grown! ' and then she told me of a dream she had. Says she: 'I dreamed that you had come to see me, and that you was a little, onorary [mean] looking fellow, and I would not own you for my son; but now I find I was mistaken — that it is entirely the reverse — and I am proud to own you for my son.' I told her I could remind her of a few circumstances that she would recollect, that took place before I was made captive. I then related various things, among which was that the negroes, on passing our house on Satui-day evenings, to spend Sundays with their wives, would beg pumpkins of her, and get her to roast them for them against their return on Monday morn- ing. She recollected these circumstances, and said now she had no dovibt of my being her son. We passed the balance of the day in agreeable conversa- tion, and I related to them the history of my captivity, my fears and doubts, of my grief and misery the first year after I was taken. My brothers at this time were all married, and Mark and John had moved from there. They were sent for, and came to see me. but my half-brother, John, had moved so far tlia": I never got to see him at all." Jonathan Alder is well remembered by the older settlers now living in the county, and principally., perhaps, by those whose homes have been along the Big Darby Creek, in Jerome and Darby Townships. Benjamin Springer set- 258 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. tied near him and taught him the English language, and Alder reciprocated by supplying him and other pioneers with meat, and he is said to have saved some of the settlers, on different occasions, from being killed by the Indians. Joshua Ewing brought four sheep to his place in 1800, and these were strange animals to the Indians. An Indian, accompanied by his dog, was one day passino- by, when the dog caught one of the sheep, and was immediately shot bv Mr. Ewing. He would have been shot in retaliation by the Indian but for Alder, who was present and with much difificulty restrained him. Through the advice and inHuence of Alder, many of the Indians remained neutral during the war of 1812, and eventually became warm friends of the Americans. Dur- ing that war, he was one of the party which went north from about the site of Plain City, and built a block-house on Mill Creek, a few miles above where Marysville now stands. Several of the best known pioneers of the county assisted in constructing said building, of which not a trace now remains. Alder's home was for many years in Madison County.* THE DOOMED WYANDOT. The following interesting article appeared m the Hesperian, published at Columbus, Ohio, by William D. Gallagher and Otway Curry, in the issue of that magazine for May, 1838: " The great northern family of Indian tribes which seem to have been originally embraced in the generic term Ii'oquois, consisted, according to some writers, of two grand divisions; the eastern and the western. In the eastern nation were included the Five Nations, or Maquas (Mingoes), as they were commonly called by the Algonkin tribes, and in the western the Yendots, or Wyandots (nick- named Hurons by the French), and three or foiu- other nations, of whom a large proportion are now entirely extinct. The Yendots, after a loner and deadly warfare, were nearly exterminated by the Five Nations, about the middle of the seventeenth century. Of the survivors, a part sought refuge in Canada, where their descendants still remain; a few are incorporated among the different tribes of the conquerors, and the remainder, consisting chiefly of the Tionontates. retired to Lake Superior. In consequence of the disastrous wars in which they afterward became involved with other powerful nations of the Northwestern region, they again repaired to the vicinity of their old hanting- grounds. With this remnant of the original Huron or Wyandot nation, were united some scattered fragments of other broken -up tribes of the same stock; and, though comparatively few iu number, they continued for a long period to assert successfully the right of sovereignty over the whole extent of country between the Ohio Eiver and the lakes, as far west as the territory of the Piankeshaws, or Miamis, whose eastern boundary was probably an irregular line drawn through the valleys of the Great Miami (Shi-me-am-ee) and the Ottawah-sepee, or Maumee River of Lake Erie. The Shawanese and the Delawares, it is believed, were occupants of a part of the fore-mentioned country, merely by sufferance of the Wyandots, whose right of dominion seems never to have been called in question, excepting by the Mingoes, or Five Nations. The Shaw- anese were originally powerful, and always warlike. Kentucky received its name from them, in the course of their migrations between their former place of residence on the Suwanee River, adjacent to the southern sea-coast and the territory of the Yendots in the north. The name (Kan-tuck-ee) is compounded fi*om the Shawanese, and signifies a land or place at the head of a river. "The chosen place of residence of the Wyandots was, at an early period, as , s *ZMchariah Noteman, now residing near Plain City, states positively that Alder also lived for a time In what i now Union County, and he (Noteman) knows the exact spot where his residence stood. He lived here before going to Madiiending fate, but to no purpose. They were then in a frontier situation, entirely open to the incursions of the Northern tribes, and were, con- sequently, unwilling to subject themselves to the displeasure of their savage visitors by" an interference with their operations. He then proposed to release the chief by purchase — ofi'ering to the captain, for that pui'pose, a fine horse, of the value of S300. ' Let me him see.' said the Indian. The horse was accordingly brought forward, and closely examined; and so much were they staggered by this proposition, that they again repaired to their place of consul- tation, and remained in council a considerable length of time before it was finally rejected. The conference was again terminated, and five of the Indians began to amuse themselves with running, jumping and other athletic exercises. The captain took no part with them. When again inquired of as to the time of execution, he pointed to the sun, as before, and indicated the houi' of four. The prisoner then walked slowly to his camp, partook of a dinner of jerked venison, washed and arrayed himself in his best apparel, and afterward painted his face. His di-ess was very rich, his hair gray, and his whole a])pearance graceful and commanding. At his request the whole company drew around him at the lodge. He had observed the exertions made by Mr. Sells in his behalf, and now presented to him a written paper, with a request that it might be read to the company. It was a recommendation, signed by Gov. Hull, and in compliance with the? request of the prisoner it was fixed and left upon the side of a large tree, at a short distance from the wigwam. " The hour of execution being close at hand, the chief shook hand^. in silence with the surrounding spectators. On coming to Mr. Sells, he appeared much moved — grasped his hand warmly — spoke for a few minutes in the Wyandot language, and pointed to the heavens. Ho then turned fi-om the wigwam, and with a voice of sm*passing strength and melody commenced the chant of the death-soug. He was followed closely by the Wyandot warriors, all timing, with their slow and measm-ed march, the music of his wild and melancholy dirge. The white men were all, likewise, silent followers in that strange procession. At the distance of seventy or eighty yards from the camp, they came to a shallow grave, which, unknown to the white men, had been previously prepared by the Indians. Here the old man knelt down, and in an HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 261 elevated but solemn tone of voice adtU-essed his prayer to the Great Spirit. As soon as he had finished, the captain of the Indians knelt beside him, and prayed in a similar manner. Their prayers, of course, were spoken in the Wyandot tongue. When they arose, the captain was again accosted by Mr. Sells, who insisted that if they were inflexible in the determination to shed blood, they should at least remove their victim beyond the limits of the white settlements. 'No! ' said he; very sternly, and with evident displeasure; 'no — good Indian 'fraid — he no go with this bad man — mouth give fire in the dark night — good Indian 'fraid — he no go! My friend,' he continued, 'me tell you — white man bad man — white man kill him — Indian say nothing.' Find- ing all interference futile, Mr. Sells was at length compelled, reluctantly, to abandon the old man to his fate. After a few moments" delay, he again sank down upon his knees and prayed, as he had done before. When he»had ceased praying, he still continued in a kneeling position. All the rifles belonging to the party had been left at the wigwam. There was not a weapon of any kind to be seen at the place of execution, and the spectators were consequently unable to form any conjecture as to the mode of procedure which the execu- tioners had determined on for the fulfillment of their purpose. Suddenly, one of the warriors drew from beneath the skin of his capote a keen, bright toma hawk, walked rapidly up behind the chieftain, brandished the weapon on high for a single moment, and then struck with his whole strength. The blow descended directly upon the crown of the head, and the victim immediately fell prostrate. After he had laid awhile in the agonies of death, the Indian captain directed the attention of the white mtm to the drops of sweat which were gathering upon his neck and face, remai'king, with miich apparent exulta- tion, that it was conclusive proof of the sufierer's guilt. Again the executioner advanced, and with the same weapon inflicted two or three additional and heavy bloAvs. As soon as life was entirely extinct, the body was hastily buried, with all its apparel and decorations, and the assemblage dispersed. The Wyandots returned immediately to their hunting-grounds, and the white men to their homes. The murdered chief was known among the whites by the name of Leatherlips. Around the spot where his bones repose, the towering forest has now given place to the grain field, and the soil above him has for years been fuiTowed and re -furrowed by the plowshare." In "Thatcher's Indian Biography," as stated by Mr. Ckirry, the Indian name of the old chief is given as Shateyaronrah, and Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet (Elskwatawa) were his accusers. By the same authority, it appears that the famous chief Tarhe, or the Crane, was the leader of the band of Wyandots who executed the unfortunate chieftain. This would hardly seem probable from most evidence, and in Drake's Life of Tecumseh it is stated, in connection with this incident, that " the six Wyandots who put him to death were headed, it is supposed, by the chief, Roundhead." THE LAST INDIANS SEEN IN JEROME TOWNSHIP. Col. W. L. Curry furnishes the following account of the last Indians seen in the township of Jerome: "Sugar Run Falls, on the lands of Col. James Curry, was, in the early days, a beautiful and attractive place. The stream wound its way through a little valley, shaded by burr oaks and black walnut timber, and, surrounded as it was by good hunting and fishing grounds, it was a favorite place for the Indians in the early years of the present century. The old Indian trace, lead- ing from the W^yandot nation south, ran past the Falls, and the Indians con- tinued to travel this route after there was quite a settlement along Sugar Run. 262 HISTORY OF UNIOiN COUNTY. " The last Indians who ^'isited this vicinity came about the year 1816-17, In the early spring, four Indians came from the north, and encamped at the Falls for a few days. They visited Col. Curry's house, and, as usual, were supplied from his table, as he was well known to all the Indians passing along this route, and he was one in whom they had great confidence. AVhen they left the Falls they separated, two following the old trail and two traveling in a southwesterly direction. In a few weeks, two of them again reached the Falls, and had with them an Indian pony. They remained a day or two, and their two companions not arriving (it is supposed this was to be their place of meeting), they then stripped the bark from a burr oak tree, and, taking yellow keel, which was in great abu.ndance along the stream, traced on the trunk of the tree in rude characters, an Indian leading a pony, while another Indian was in the rear with a gun on his shoulder and the ramrod in his hand, as if in the act of driving the pony, traveling northward. This done, they covered their camp fire and took the old Indian trail north. A few evenings after their departure, their two comrades arrived from the south, and, learning by the drawings on the tree that their companions had joreceded them, they remained over night and the next morning took the trace and moved rapidly north. And thus the last Indians ever seen on the southern border of Union County took their departure from their once happy hunting grounds." CHAPTER III. THE VIRGIXIA MILITARY DISTRICT. Origin of Titlk— Exploiiations and Surveys— Pkomtnent Surveyors— First Settlements in the District. SEPTEM] jER 13, 1783. Congress stated the terms on which a cession of the land belonging to Virginia, for the beuefit of the General Government, would be accepted. The Virginians acceded to the terms, and on the 20th of December authorized their delegates to make a deed to the United States of all their right in the territory northwest of the River Ohio — "Upon condition that the territory so ceded shall be laid out and formed into States, containiucr a suitable extent of territory, not less than one hundred nor more than one hundred and fifty miles square. or as near thereto as circumstances will admit; and that the States so formed shall be distinct republican States, and ad- mitted members of the Federal Union, having the same rights of sovereignty, freedom and independence as the other States. " That the reasonable and necessary expenses incurred by this State in subduing any British posts, or in maintaining forts and garrisons within, and for the defense, or in acquiring any part of the territory so ceded or relin- quished, shall be fully reimbursed by the United States; and that one Com- missioner shall be appointed by Congress, one by this Commonwealth and an- other by those two Commissioners, who, or a majority of them, shall be author- ized and empowered to adjust and liquidate the account of the necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by this State, which they shall judge to be com- prised within the intent and meaning of the act of Congress of the tenth of October, one thousand seveu hundred and eighty, respecting such expenses. That the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers of the Kaskas HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 263 kies. St. Vincents and the neighboring villages, who have professed themselves citizens of Virginia, shall have their possessions and titles conhrmed to them, and be protected in the enjoyment of their rights and liberties. That a quantity not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand acres of land, promised by this State, shall be allowed and granted to the then Colonel, now General George Rogers Clark, and to the officers and soldiers of his regiment, who marched with him when the posts of Kas]i:askies and St. Vin- cents were reduced, and to the officers and soldiers that have since been incor- porated into the said regiment, to be laid off in one tract, the length of which not to exceed double the breadth, in such place, on the northwest side of the Ohio, as a majority of the officers shall choose, and to be afterward divided among the said officers and soldiers in due proportion, according to the laws of Virginia. That in case the quantity of good land on the southeast side of the Ohio, upon the waters of the Cumberland River, and between the Green River and Tennessee River, which has been reserved by law for the Virginia troops upon continental establishment, should, from the North Carolina line, bearing in further upon the Cumberland lands than was expected, prove in- sufficient for their legal bounties, the deficiency should be made up to the said troops, in good lands, to be laid off between the Rivers Scioto and Little Miami, on the northwest side of the River Ohio, in such proportions as have been engaged to them by the laws of Virginia. That all the lands within the territory so ceded to the United States, and not reserved for or appropriated to any of the before-mentioned purposes, or disposed of in bounties to the officers and soldiers of the American Army, shall be considered a common fund for the use and benefit of such of the United States as have become, or shall become, members of the confederation or federal alliance of the said States, Virginia inclusive, according to their usual respective proportions in the gen- eral charge and expenditure, and shall be faithfully and bona fide disposed of for that purpose, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever."* In agreement with these conditions, a deed was made March 1, 1784, and accepted by Congress. April 20, 1852, Hon. Benjamin Stanton, of Ohio, then in Congress from the district which included Union County, delivered a speech in opposition to the passage of " A bill to fui'ther extend the time for locating military war- rants and returning surveys thereon to the General Land Office, " in which he included the following facts: During the Revolution, Virginia raised sixteen regiments which she fur- nished to the continental army, and which were called the " Virginia line on continental establishment;" also, three regiments for the more immediate de- fense of the State, which were under control of the State authorities and wore called the "State line;" also twenty or twenty-five small vessels of war, called the "State navy," equal to one regiment of land forces; also several "partisan corps," such as troops of cavahy, battalions and legions of infantry, and artil- lery companies, equal in the aggregate to two regiments, making twenty-two regiments in all. At the earnest solicitation of the Continental Congress and Gen. Washington, she held out the strongest inducements to her people to enter the service, by offering large bounties in land to such as would enlist and serve for three years or during the war. The State Legislature, from 1778 to 1784, passed various laws providing as bounties for her officers who had enlisted, or should enlist, for three years or during the war, the following amounts of land: For a Major General 15,000 acres. For a Brigadier General 10,000 acres. * Auuals of the West, from Land Laws, p. 98. 264 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. For a Colonel 5,000 acres. For a Lieutenant Colonel 4,500 acres. For a Major 4,000 acres. For a Captain 3,000 acres. For a Subaltern 2,000 acres. For a Non-commissioned officer 400 acres. For a soldier or sailor 200 acres. This was for soldiers who served duriup^ the war. For three years' service, eaoh non-commissioned officer received 200 acres, and each soldier or sailor 100 acres. The heirs of any officer or soldier who died in the service were entitled to the same as their relatives would have been had they served through the war. Warrants were to be issued by the Governor upon proof of service. In May, 1779, a tract bounded by Green River, the Cumberland Mountains, the Carolina (now Tennessee) line, the Tennessee River and the Ohio River, was set apart by the Virginia Legislature to satisfy these warrants. In November, 1781, a further tract of land, included within the Mississippi, Ohio and Ten- nessee Rivers and the Carolina line, was granted for the same purpo^ie and said to be in lieu of a part of the former tract which had fallen to Carolina in the extension of the Carolina line westward. In 1784, Virginia ceded to the United States all the land claimed by her, exclusive of the tract north of the Ohio River, between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivers, reserved to satisfy any unsatisfied balance of land that might be due to soldiers of the Virginia line on Continental establishment, after exhausting the Kentucky reservation. In July, 1788, Congress, being satisfied that the Kentucky lands were sufficient for the purpose, passed a joint resolution declaring all locations between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, in Ohio, void until the deficiency in the Ken- tucky reservation was ascertained and established, locations having been begun in the Ohio reservation in August, 1787.* Soon after this, the Super- intendent of ■ the surveys reported to the Executive of the State of Virginia that the deficiency of good lands on the southeast side of the Ohio, contemplated by the deed of cession, had been ascertained, and Congress passed an act August 10, 1790, legalizing the locations that had been made, and prescribing the mode of perfecting the title. This act required the Secretary of War to furnish the Governor of Vir- ginia with a list containing the names of the officers and the privates of the Virginia troops and the aggregate number of acres to which they were entitled, which was done. In 1804, Congress passed an act requiring all lands within this district to be located within three years, prohibiting further locations after that time. The limit was extended from time to time there- after. In the portion of the militai'y lands lying north of the Greenville treaty line, the lands, with others, were ceded to the United States by the treaty of Ft. Meigs, September 29, 1817, and they became subject to entry July 4, 1819, and the military lands north ol said line were nearly all located and surveyed in the next five years. The total number of men in the Virginia continental line was as follows: Major Generals, only one of whom received bounty 2 Brigadier Generals 13 Colonels 47 Lieutenant Colonels 31 Majors 55 Captains 372 Lieutenants (or Subalterns) » 440 Non-commissioned officers 258 Soldiers 8,459 Total 9,077 * The military claimants of land, under the laws of Virginia, began «lipir locations in 1784. The contiiifntal line chose Col. Richard C. Anderson principal surveyor on their behalf in 178.3, and on the 17th of December, in that year, concluded with him a contract under which he opened an ollice near Louisville, Ky., July 20, 1784, and entries at once began. The first entry north of the Ohio, however, was not made until August 1, 17'J7. %-m^ \,M X ' X*H-*«X'«%^ ^^^^^£lxx^i^ xyfO «^ fet^ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 267 Jf each one had received the lands due according to the above numbers, 4,722,730 acres Avould have been sufficient to satisfy all claims; but by the year 1852, there had been located in Kentucky and Ohio, on land warrants and scrip issued by Congress at various times. 4,944,118 acres, or more than 200,000 acres too much — and still there was a demand for extension of time on warrants, which was created entirely by sharp lawyers and speculators, who saw a way of making large amounts of money out of the scheme. Very much litigation was indulged in for many years, and the later owners of the lands found they had paid dearly for them. In perfecting a title, the practice was, after first obtaining a warrant, to locate the land by entering a general description thereof upon the books of the principal surveyor. The land was afterward surveyed by the surveyor or his deputy. The survey, with the warrant — or certified copy — were then for- warded to the general land office at Washington, and from thence a patent issued. The last act limiting the time for a return of surveys was passed on the 3d of March, 1855. It gave the further time of two years to those holding lands by entries made prior to January 1, 1852, to have the same surveyed and patented. After the expiration of these two years tbe unappropriated lands became the property of the United States. February 18, 1871, that portion of these lands remaining unsuiweyed and unsold was ceded by the United States to the State of Ohio; and in March, 1872, the Legislature gave them to the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. An article in the Marys- ville Tribune of October 4, 1882, taken fx'om the Kenton Republican, upon "Quiet Titles," contains the following language: "It was clearly the intention of Congress to convey to the State of Ohio only such lands as were unappropriated. But in addition to unappropriated lands, which were comparatively small in amount, there were and are in the Virginia Militaiy District not less than 130,000 acres of land which have never been patented; 30,000 acres of it rest in entries and surveys alone; 100,000 acres of it rest in entries and surveys made prior to March 3, 1857. Besides, through the frauds of those locating and surveying lands, the amounts actually surveyed exceeded by from 50 to 500 per cent the amounts authorized by the warrants Notwithstanding the evident intention of Congress, it soon became appai'ent that it was the design of the Trustees of the college to claim under their grant not only the unappropriated lands, but the unpatented and fraudulent excess lands as well. A contract was made by them with an agent who agreed to hunt out these lands and dispossess the present occupants for 33^ per cent of the proceeds. Some of these lands had been occupied from ten to eighty years. They had been sold and resold again and again. They con- stituted some of the richest farming lands of the State. They were divided among hundreds of small owners. Valuable improvements had been made thereon, and to many they represented a lifetime's hard labor. " Hon. Henry L. Dickey spoke as follows on the subject: "The threaten- ing attitude of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College toward the holders of these lands, together with the fact that by it caveats have been tiled in the General Land Office to prevent the issuing of patents even upon the lands that were located and surveyed three-quarters of a century ago,:is well calculated to disturb the farmer who for many years had paid his taxes and knew nothing of legislative schemes and tricks of law. In hundreds of in- stances, lands are held and have been for years simply upon location and sur- vey, and in all ' there is excess. ' Homes where the hardy pioneer bui It his cabin, cleared his fields, and sowed and reaped for years, and where his chil- dren had grown to manhood and womanhood, now in his old age the old farm, 'the dearest spot on earth' to hi]n, where his children and his grandchildren 268 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. retui'n to cheer his declining years and receive his fatherly blessing, is found to be no home. A cloud has intervened, and its darkness is more chillinsr to his soul than even the approach of that invisible reaper whose sickle he knows to be near. His home is more than shackled. Those fields are more than bound. The very landmarks that have grown mossy with age and peace are no longer pointed to with that honest pride and satisfaction which had for so many years been his. The despoiler has come; he would 'cause the naked to lodge without clothing.' and, in violation of the divine injunction, 'Thou shalt not remove thy neighbors landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the Lord thy God giveth thee to possess it,' would ' pluck the fatherless from the breast and take a pledge of the poor.' " The attention of Congress was called to the matter, and soon, action being necessary, an act was passed May 27, 1880, in effect limiting the rights of the College to the unappropriated lands. The previous acts extending the time for making and filing surveys had been passed chiefly through the influence of unprincipled speculators in military lands. Congress effectually thwarted their schemes in 1855, but in the act of 1880, referred to, such provisions were inserted as to throw open to litigation between the present occupants and the heirs of the original locators the whole of the 180,000 acres of unpatented lands, and, "having secured this legislation," says the article before quoted, "the land-sharks of Ohio and Virginia organized for a campaign of blackmail and ejectment." Much trouble ensued, and in some cases large sums were paid by present occupants to satisfy unjust claims. Gen. James S. Robinson, of Hardin Cou.nty, representing in Congress the district which included Union County, fought a bill through at the last session (1881-82) protecting the present occupants of military lands in their just rights, and has another bill on foot in the present Congress, gi-anting patents to the just and equitable owners of these lands and affording absolute protection against the endeavors of speculators and swindlers. Gen. Robinson's endeavors were highly appre- ciated by his constituents residing on the military lands, and beyond a doiibt aided largely in returning him to Congress in the fall of 1882. The Greenville treaty was concluded on the 3d of August, 1795, and its provisions are elsewhere given. The boundary line as then agreed upon be- tween the Indians and the whites passed through the lands in Ohio reserved by Virginia for her soldiers, and the portion thus cu.t off was not ceded by the red nations until 1817, as before stated. F. J. Sager, of Marysville, in an article read before the County Surveyors' Association, at Columbus. January 13. 1881, includes the following interesting notes coacerning the treaty line, and other matters connected with the Virginia Military Lands: " The most important feature of this boundary to surveyors was that it departed from natural boundaries and involved the running of linas. The one which crosses what is now Central Ohio was nearly 145 miles in length; the point designated on the Tuscarawas River was near the present village of Bolivar, and in what is now the line between Tuscarawas and Stark Counties. The western terminus was in McLean Township, Shelby County, near the out- let of the Berlin reservoir. It is related that the surveyors, accompanied i>y several Indian chiefs, among whom was the renowned chief Little Turtle, commenced at the western end of this line. The surveyors, not knowing the position of either end of their line, were at a loss to determine their course. They finally determined upon the novel method of solving this difficulty by requesting the Indians, one at a time, to stand in the same place and point in the direction in which they thought the line should run. From personal observations on this line, and from the testimony of others, it is evident that HISTORY OF UNION COUxYfY. 269 they were governed in their conrse by the magnetic needle, which was ahnost constantly affected by local attraction and continually threw them out of line either to the right or left, while the needle at any place on this line would uniformly indicate about 80' east of north, showing apparently a straight line. This line, when mentioned in the laws and records of Ohio or the United States, is considered and treated as a straight line, but when examined inde- pendent of the magnetic needle it proves to be a very crooked one. * * * * With all respect to those who are careful and honest in their work as surs'eyors, land lines, monuments and records are becoming more obscure and complicated. At least this is so in the irregularly surveyed districts, such as the Virginia Military Lands. " The following interesting notes on the Virginia Military Lands are from the "Code of Rules or Instructions for the Government of County Sarveyors," prepared by the Secretary of State for Ohio in 1882: " We have seen that Virginia, in her deed of cession of the territory north- west of the River Ohio, reserved certain lands on the northwest side of the River Ohio, to make up any deficiency which might occur in the lands on the southeast side of the Ohio, reserved for those who, in conformity to the laws of Virginia, were entitled to bounty lands. Congress of July 17, 1788, by resolution, declared all surveys of lands between the Scioto and Little Miami invalid, until it had been ascertained whether there was any deficiency in the lands south of the Ohio. It was also resolved that the Executive of Virginia be requested to inform Congress whether there has been any deficiency of good lands southeast of the Ohio, and if so, what amount, and whether any checks have been provided by that State to prevent troops taking up more lands than are actually due them. This resolution was repealed by act of August 10, 1790. It appears from tbis act that the agents of the troops had reported an insufficiency of lands on the southeasterly side of the Ohio, and it was enacted that the names of those entitled to lands be returned by the Secretary of War to the Executive of Virginia, with the aggregate amount of acres due said line; th .t it shall be lawful for the said agents to locate between the Scioto and Miami Rivers such number of acres as shall, together with the number already located between the said two rivers and the number already located on the southeasterly side of the Ohio, be equal to the aggregate amount, so to be returned by the Secretary of War; that the said agents shall enter in a book the bounds of each location and survey, annexing the name of the person originally entitled to each, which book, the entries having first been certified by the agents, shall be filed in the office of the Secretary of State; that the President should cause letters patent to be made out to those entitled to bounty lands; that tho letters patent be transmitted to the execu- tive of Virginia, to be by them [him] delivered to each grantee. This act was modified and amended subsequently, as to the mode of procedure in obtain- ing patents, as to the persons entitled to patents, and extending the time for the location of lands by numerous acts of Congress. " It was not long before the question of boundary between the Virginia Military Lands and the Congress Lands west came up, and the issue was not finally determined for a number of years. By virtue of the act of May 10, 1800, a line was run, under the authority of the Surveyor General, by Israel Ludlow. The first section of the act of March 23, 1804, refers to this line. It enacts 'that tho line run under the direction of the Surveyor General of the United States, from the source of the Little Miami toward the source of the Scioto, and which bounds on the easL the surveys of the lands of the United States, shall, together with its course continued to the Scioto River, be considered and held as the westerly boundary line, north of the source of 270 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the Little Miami, of the territory reserved by the State of Virginia, between the Little Miami and Scioto llivers, for the use of the officers and soldiers of the continental line of that State; " ^Provided, That the State of Virginia shall, within two years after the passing of this act, recognize such line as the boundary of said territory.' "By act of Congress, June 26, I8i'2, the President of the United States was authorized to appoint three Commissioners on the part of the United States, to act with such Commissioners as might be appointed by the State of Virginia, with full power to ascertain, survey and mark the westwardly boundary of the military reservation between the Little Miami and Scioto llivers. The State of Virginia appointed Commissioners, who met those of the United States, and a line was run drawn from the source of the Little Miami to the course of the Scioto. This is called Roberts' line. The Commissioners ap- pointed by Virginia refused to accede to this line, claiming a still larger tract of land, by running from the source of the Scioto a straight line to the mouth of the Little Miami. The lands west were surveyed and divided into sections and parts of sections. The territory between Roberts' line and Ludlow's line, embracing a large tract of fertile land, was claimed both by jRU-chase and loca- tion, and it became a matter of great importance to the parties to have estab- lished by a judicial decision, the western boundary line of the reservation of Virginia. For this purpose a case was agreed and taken to the Supreme Coui-t of the United States, on error. The cause was decided in 1824, and Roberts' line virtually established. See Doddridge vs. Thompson et al., 9 Wheaton, 469. The court, however, did not advert to the act of April 11, 1818, the third section of which provides that from the source of the Little Miami Rijer to the Indian boundary line, established by the treaty of Green- ville in 1795, the line designated as the westerly boundary line of the Virginia tract, by an act of Congi-ess passed on the 23d of March, 1804, viz., the Lud- low line, shall be considered and held to be such until otherwise directed by law; and from the aforesaid Indian boundary line to the source of the Scioto River, the line run by Charles Roberts, in 1812. shall be held and considered the westerly boundary line thereof. " Why the Supreme Court overlooked the last recited act of course we cannot say, and we do not know of any cause having been assigned for disre- garding it. Be that as it may, however. Congress took immediate steps to fix the line in accordance with its act of April 11, 1818. On May 20, 1824, an act was passed authorizing the President of the United States to ascertain the number of acres of laud and the value thereof, exclusive of improvements, of all such lands lying between Ludlow's and Roberts' lines, in the State of Ohio, as may, agreeably to the principles of the decision in the case of Dod- dridge's Lessee vs. Thompson and Wright, be held by persons under Virginia Military warrants, and on what terms the holders will relinquish the same to the United States. By act of May 26, 1880, the President was authorized to pay to the Virginia Military claimants of lands between Ludlow's and Roberts' lines, south of the Greenville treaty line, located prior to June 26, 1812, the sum of $02,515.25,beingthe amount at which said lands were valued, exclusive of improvements; provided, however, that before payment the claimants should relinquish by deed their titles to the said lands. The last act upon this sub ject was that of February 32, 1831, which provided that Philip Doddridge should be paid the sum of $1,765.68, he having relinquished his title to Sui-- vey 6,928 for 700 acres to the United States. Congress thus effectually set- tled the question of boundary by purchasing the title to the disputed lands. "As we have seen, Ludlow's line constitutes the western boundary of the Virginia Military District from the head-w^aters of the Little Miami to the HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 271 GreeDville treaty line. The records are somewhat defective in regard to this and Roberts' line, but the course, as far as can be ascertained with any accu- racy, is here given : Ludlow's line begins at the head spring of the Little Miami, in the southwest quarter of Section 30, of Township 7, Range 8 (be- tween the Miami Rivers); thence north 20 '^ west a distance of forty rniles 5 chains- and twenty-live links, to a point in the Greenville treaty line, iu the southeast quarter' of Section 2, Township 2, Range 15 (between the Miami Rivers); thence the boimdary line is transferred to the Greenville treaty line, which it follows in a southwesterly course till it intersects the Roberts line; thence with the Roberts line on the east line of Township 7, Range 9 east of first Meridian, north 20° west, to a point in the southeast quarter of Sec- tion 34, Township 5, Range 8; thence north 75" 05' east to a point in Section 3G of the same township and range, where the line strikes the head- waters of the Scioto River. The reader will observe that both lines, although being straight lines, starting at the same point and diverging thi'oughout their en- tire course, have the same bearing. The record does not explain this discrep- ancy, which may have been due to the magnetic variation caused by the lapse of time from 1804 to 1812, and which, if not taken into account, would sub- tend an angle west of the Ludlow line, as indicated by the Roberts line. The variation in eight years would be about twenty-live or thirty minutes, which corresponds very nearly with the angle between the lines run." EARLY SURVEYORS FIRST SETTLEMENT IN DISTRICT. " In 1787," says Albach, in Annals of the West, " the reserved lands of the Old Dominion, north of the Ohio, were examined, and in August of that year entries were commenced. Against the validity of these entries, Congress, in 1788, entered their protest. The protest, which was practically a prohibi- tion of settlement, was withdrawn in 1790. As soon as this was done, it be- came an object to have surveys made in the reserved region, but as this was an undertaking of great danger, in consequence of the Indian wars, high prices in land or money had to be paid to the surveyors. The person who took the lead in this gainful but unsafe enterprise was Nathaniel Massie, then twenty- seven years old. He had been for six years or more in the West, and had pre- pared himself in Col. Anderson's office for the details of his business. Thus prepared, in December, 1790, he entered into the following contract with certain persons therein named: " 'Articles of agreement between Nathaniel Massie, of one part, and the several persons that have hereunto subscribed, of the other part, witnesseth. That the subscribers hereof doth oblige themselves to settle in the town laid off on the northwest side of the Ohio, opposite to the lower part of the Two Islands; and make said town, or the neighborhood, on the northwest side of the Ohio, their permanent seat of residence for two years from the date here- of; no subscriber shall absent himself more tlian two months at a time, and during such absence furnish a strong, able-bodied man safficient to bear arms at least equal to himself; no subscriber shall absent himself the time above- mentioned in case of actual danger, nor shall such absence be but once a year; no subscriber shall absent himself in case of actual danger, or if absent shall return immediately. Each of the subscribers doth oblige themselves to com- ply with the rules and regulations that shall be agreed on by a majority there- of for the support of the settlement. In consideration whereof, Nathaniel Massie doth bind and oblige himself, his heirs, etc., to m.ake over and convey to such of the subscribers that comply with the above mentioned conditions, at the expiration of two years, a good and sufficient title unto one in- lot in said town, containing five poles in front and eleven back, one out-lot of four 272 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. acres convenient to said town, in the bottom, which the said Massie is to put them in immediate possossio i of, also 100 acres of land, which the said Massie has shown to a part of the subscribers; the conveyance to be made to each of the subscribers, their heirs or assigns. In witness whereof, each of the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals, this 1st day of December, 1790.' " The town thus laid off was situated some twelve miles above Maysville, and was called Manchester; it is still known to the voyager on the Ohio. From this point Massie and his companions made surveying expeditions through the perilous years from 1791 to 1796, but though often distressed and in danger, they were never wearied nor afraid; and at length, with Wayne's treaty, all danger of importauce was at an end." Manchester was the first point within the Virginia Military District at which a permanent settlement was made, and by March, 1791, it contained about thirty families within the stockade which was built. Massie performed much service as a pioneer in extending the settlements and the boundaries of civilization in this part of Ohio. He made surveys over a large portion of the district, and was the pioneer settler in the Scioto Valley. The following in- cidents from bis experience will show to what dangers and hardships the early surveyors of the Virginia lands were subjected: " During the winter of 1794-95, Massie prejjared a party to enter largely into the surveying business. Nathaniel Beasly, John Beasly and Peter Lee were again employed as the assistant surveyors. The party set off from Man- chester well equipped, to prosecute their business, or, should occasion offer, give battle to the Indians. They took the route of Logan's trace, and pro- ceeded to a place called the Deserted CMmp. on Todd's Fork of the Little Miami [in what is now Clinton County, Ohio]. At this point they commenced surveying, and surveyed large portions of land on Todd's Fork, and up the Miami to the Chillicothe town (now in Clark County); thence up Massie' s Creek and Ciiesar's Creek nearly to their heads. By the time the party had progressed thus far, winter had set in. The ground was covered with a sheet of snow from six to ten inches deep. During the tour, which continued up- ward of thirty days, the party had no bread. For the first two weeks a pint of flour was distributed to each mess once a day, to mix with the soup in which meat had been boiled. AVhen night came, four fires were made for cooking — that is, one for each mess. Around these fires, till sleeping time arrived, the company spent their time in the most social glee, singing songs and tell- ing stories. AVhen danger was not apparent or immediate, they were as merry a set of men as ever assembled. Resting time arriving, Massie always gave the signal, and the whole party would then leave their comfortable fires, carrying with them their blankets, their fire-arms and their little baggage, walking in perfect silence two or three hundred yards from their fires. They would then scrape away the snow and huddle down together for the night. Each mess formed one bed; they would spread down on the ground one-half of the blankets, reserving the other half for covering. The covering blankets were fastened together by skewers, to prevent them from slipping apart. Thus prepared, the whole party crouched down together with their rifles in their arms and their pouches under their heads for pillows, lying spoon-fashion, with three heads one way and four the other, their feet extending to about the middle of their bodies. AVhen one turned the whole mass turned, or else the close range would be broken and the cold let in. In this way they laid till broad daylight, no noise and scarce a whisper being uttered during the night. A\'hen it was perfectly light, Massie would call up two of the men in whom hH had most confidence, and send them to reconnoiter and make a circuit HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 273 around the fires, lest an ambuscade might be formed by the Indians to destroy the party as they retm-ned to the fires. This was an invariable custom in every variety of weather. iSelf -preservation required this circumspection. Some time after this, while surveying on Caesar's Creek, his men attacked a party of Indians, and the savages broke and fled. After the defeat of the Indians by Wayne, the surveyors were not interrupted by the Indians; but on one of their excursions, still remembered as the 'starving tour.' the whole party, consisting of twenty-eight men, suffered extremely in a driving snowstorm for about four days. They were in a wilderness exposed to this severe storm, without hut, tent or covering, and what was still more aj)palling, without pro- visions and without any road or even track to retreat on. and were nearly one hundred miles from any place of shelter. On the third day of the storm, they luckily killed two wild turkeys, which were boiled and divided into twenty- eight parts and devoured with great avidity, head, feet, entrails and all." In the early part of 1787, the Virginia Military District was explored by two Kentucky su.rveyors, Maj. John O'Bannon and Arthur Fox, who wished to obtain a knowledge of the land for the purpose of making entries when the land office for the district should be opened. When that event occurred, on the 1st of August in the same year, O'Bannon entered considerable land and afterward became a prominent deputy smweyor in the district. Others v,'ho were deputy surveyors in the same region were William Lytle, John Beasley, James Galloway, Jr., William Barlow, Lucas Sullivant, James Taylor, Walter Dun. Allen Latham, Cadwallader Wallace, E. P. Kendrick, A. D. Kendrick, and perhaps others; not all of these, however, surveyed in what is now Union County. Lucas Sullivant, whose name appears oftener, perhaps, on the early Union County records than that of any other man, was born in Mecklenburg County, Va., in September, 1765, and at the age of sixteen years joined a volunteer expedition against the Indians, who were threatening the western counties of his native State. His parents died when he was young, and he used his ener- gies and small patrimony in obtaining an education. The new and unsur- veyed lands of Kentucky opened a field for his enterprise, and he repaired thither, finding all he could do. He was appointed by Col. Richard C.Ander- son (Surveyor General of the Virginia Military District) Deputy District Sur- veyor, and at the age of twenty-two years (in 1787) became one of the band of surveyors and pioneers who opened up the district to settlement. The savages defeated all his first attempts, but organizing a stronger party at Limestone, now Maysville, they advanced into the wilderness and in due time reached the banks of the Scioto, in what is now Franklin County, Ohio, where he began his operations. They were often threatened by the savages and had many narrow escapes, but Mr. Sullivant continued at his work and piished it to a fortunate conclusion. He entered many thousand acres of land in the surrounding region. He laid out North Liberty and Franklinton in 1797, and about the same time married Sarah Starling, daughter of Col. Will- iam Starling, of Kentucky; building the first brick house in his town of Franklinton, he resided there until his death, which occurred August 8, 1823. He was one 6f the most prominent of the early pioneers of this State. His brother-in-law, Lyne Starling, settled at Franklinton in 1806, was one of the original proprietors of Columbus, and was appointed administrator of Mr. Sullivant's estate after the death of the latter, and his name also appears very often on the Union County records. Lucas Sullivant was the father of Michael L. Sullivant, owner of the great farm in Ford County, 111., which he so successfully managed through a long term of vears. He died February 29, 1879. & ^ . 274 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. From the field notes of James Galloway. Jr., the following minutes are made: November 7, 1805 — Sjieaks of "the road from the little lake to Darby. " November 13 — " "Went down Otter Creek to the mouth," etc. November 11 — " "Went down Mill Creek about two miles on a straight line; came back to the forks, where, crossing on a log, it being a rainy day and the log wet and slippery, I fell and broke the glass of my compass, and came to Job Sharp's, where I fortunately got a pane of glass, and succeeded in cutting it under water with scissors so as to tit the compass as well as the one I had broken did." November 22 — Surveying on the South Fork of Treacle Creek, near a large pond * * " here begins good bottom * * thin land * * * good land below a prairie * * encamped all night near a beaver dam." November 23 — " Went down Treacle Ci'eek to Johnston's, and on the 24th returned home, being out twenty days. Alexander Kerr and James Stevens, chain carriers. " May 22, 1806 — " Returned home after an absence of eleven days." January 2, 1807 — Speaks of "road from Springer's old mill to Frank- linton." February 16 — " Set out from home in company with David Blue, David Sroufe and Ephraim Myers." February 20 — "Crossed a creek where David Blue and the pack-horse he was riding fell in through the ice and got completely wet. Called the cieek Blue's Creek."* February 24 — " Steered a course through the woods to Job Sharp's, on Beaver Run." February 26 — " Went to Little Darby and began on the creek ten poles below where the track from Widow Reed's to Buck Creek crosses it at the mouth of a branch." Same day — " Crossed Treacle Creek * * to two black oaks in a prairie near the road to George Reed's" March 7 — " Returned home after a tour of twenty-one days." November 12 — "Began on the Spring Fork of Treacle Creek * * run * * to a stake in a prairie; here we started a large bear, which Samuel Gallowav took after with our own and Micha^il Dickey's dogs; thence [to a point given in the notes] * * where we found S. Galloway and the bear, which he had killed." November 19 — Speaks of " big road down Darby to Dyer's mill." November 20 — "Arrived at home, having killed among the company one bear, one deer, sixteen raccoons and twelve turkeys, and been absent twenty- four days." On this trip William Townsley and William Townsley, Jr., were chain carriers, and Samu^el Galloway, marker. May 26, 1808 — Speaks of State road from Franklinton to Springfield. Same day, speaks of " the State road " and " the road from Graham's to Urbana. " In noting one of his measurements this day, he says, " at 200 vards I killed a buck." May 28 — " Laid off Paul Alder's land I sold him." This was a brother to Jonathan Alder, of whom a sketch is found in Chapter II of this volume. May 17, 1809 — " Lost my horse and spent the next day in hunting him, to no purpose. " * By which name it is btill known. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 277 CHAPTER IV. PIONEER HISTORY. Pke-Histokic— Early Events, Mannkks and Customs— Eakly Schools, Re- ligious Organizations, etc.— Miscellaneous Matters OF Interest Concerning Pioneer Timp:s. PEE -historic. THE mysterious race called for the sake of convenience the Mound Build- ers, whose works are scattered so thickly over a great portion of the State of Ohio, seems to have almost ignored the territory now included in the county of Union, for, from all accounts, there is not a notable mound within the entire county, while the relics found in the way of arrow points, stone axes, etc., are very few in number. Along the valleys of the Scioto, the Miamis and other streams, the remains of ancient fortifications and other works are often met with, and it appears strange thp.t nothing should have been constructed along any one of the numerous streams coursing through Union County. In conse- quence of the absence of these remains, it is unnecessary to give an extended article on the subject in this connection. EARLY WHITE OCCUPANTS OF OHIO.* In correspondence l^etween W. Jackson, Assistant Secretary of War, and Gen. William Irvine, in the fall of 1783, mention is made of settlements which had been made and were making between the Muskingum and Wabash, and Irvine was apprehensive of the renewal of war between those settlers and the Indians. Congress obtained knowledge of the condition of affairs, and issued the following proclamation: By the United Htatea in CongrenH aaHembled. A 'proclamation: Whereas, By the uiiith of tlie articles of confederation, it is among other things de- clared that " tlie United States in Congress assembled have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the trade, and managing all affairs witli the Indians not members of any of the States ; provided, that the legislative right of an}' State within its own limits, be not infringed or violated." And Whereax. It is essential to the welfare and interest of the United States, as well as necessary for the maintenance of harmony and friendship with the Indians, not members of any of the States, that all cau.se of quarrel and com- plaint between them and the United States, or any of tliem, should be removed and pre- vented; therefore, the United States, in Congress assembled, have thought proper to issue their proclamation, and they do hereby proliibit and forbid all persons from making set- tlements on lands inhabited or claimed by Indians without the limits or jurisdiction of any particular State, and from purchasing or receiving any gift or cession of such lands or claims, without the express authority and directions of the United States in Congress assembled; and it is moreover declared that every such purchase or settlement, gift or cession, not having the authority aforesaid, is null and void, and that no right or title will accrue in Congress. Done in Congress, at Princeton, this twenty-second day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three, and of our sovereignty and independence the eighth. Elias Boudinot, President. Charles Thomson, Secretary. ♦Years before a white settler had located in Ohio, the French tr;ul<;r« and travelers had a route across the State which paused up the Sandusky River from Lake Erin to the mouth of the Little Sandusky ; thence a short distance up that stream to a pijitage to the upper waters of the Little Scioto — tlie portag^e being about four miles long — and after reaching the latter stream, canoes (X(uld easily float down it. The French used the route in traveling from Canada to the Mississippi. Even before LaSaile saw this region, the Northern Indians used this same water route when pro- ceeding on their war incursions into the territory of the Southern tribes.. 278 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. No attention was paid to this proclamation, and settlers poured into the forbidden country so rapidly that the government found it necessary to drive them out. On the '24th of January, 1785, the Commissioners of Indian Affairs instructed Lieut. Col. Josiah Harmar, of the Fii'st American Regiment, to em- ploy such force as he might deem necessary "in driving off persons attempting to settle on the lands of the United States." Ensign John Ai-mstrong was detailed with a force of twenty men and fifteen days' provisions to perform the task of driving off all within 150 miles of Ft. Mcintosh, located at the mouth of the Beaver River, in Pennsylvania. Armstrong dispossessed settlers at points on the Ohio as far down as Wheeling, or a point opposite that place, and in his report to Col. Harmar appears the following: "As the following information through you to the honorable the Congi'ess may be of some service, I trust you will not be displeased therewith. It is the opinion of many sensible men (with whom I conversed on my return from "Wheeling) that if the honorable the Congress do not fall on some speedy method to prevent people from settling on the lands of the United States west of the Ohio, that country will soon be inhabited by a banditti whose actions are a disgrace to human nature. You will in a few days receive an address from the magistracy of Ohio County, through which most of those people pass, many of whom are flying from justice. I have, sir, taken some pains to dis- tribute copies of your instructions, with those from the honorable the Com- missioners for Indian affairs, into almost every settlement Avest of the Ohio, and had them posted up at most public places on the east side of the river, in the neighborhood through which those people pass. Notwithstanding they have seen and read those instructions, they are moving to the unsettled countries by forties and fifties, i^'rom the best information I could receive, there are at the falls of the Hockhocking upward of three hundred families; at the Musk- ingum, a number equal. At Moravian Town, there are several families, and more than fifteen hundred on the Rivers Miami and Scioto. From Wheeling to that place, there is scarcely one bottom on the river but has one or more families living thereon. In consequence of the advertisement by John Emer- son, I am assured meetings will be held at the times therein mentioned. That at Menzons' or Haglin's town, mentioned in my report of yesterday, the inhab- itants had come to a resolution to comply with the requisitions of the adver- tisement. " This adverisement was as follows, as given in Mr. Butterfield's work, Washington-Irvine correspondence, in the shape of a foot-note: Marcu 12, 1785. Notice is hereby given to the inhabitaats of the west side of the Ohio River, tliat there is to be an election for the choosing of members of the convention for framing a constitution for the governing of the inhabitants, the eh'ctiou to be liehl on the 10th day of April, next ensuing, viz.: One election to be lield at the moiitli of the Miami River, and one to be held at the mouth of the Scioto River, and one on the Muskingum River, and one at the dwelling house of Jonas Menzons, the members to be chosen to meet at the mouth of the Scioto on the 20th day of the same month. I do certify, that all mankind, agreeable to every constitution formed in America, have an undoubted right to pass into every vacant country, and thereto form their consti- tution, and that from the confederation of the whole United States Congress is not em- powered to forbid them, neither is Congress empowered from that confederation to make any sale of the uninhabited lands to pay the public debts, which is to be by a tax levied and lifted [collected] by authority of the Legislature of each State. John Emerson. Various orders were issued by Col. Hai'mar, and a Congressional Commit- tee approved his conduct; also authorizing him to remove his troops from Ft. Mcintosh and post them at some point at or near the Ohio, between the Muskingum and the Groat Miami, "which he shall conceive most advisable for further carrying into effect the beforementioned orders," and appi'opriat- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 279 ing $600 for the purpose of transporting the troops and their baggage. Un- der this order, Ft. Harmar was constructed at the mouth of the Muskingum. Gen. Richard Butler, in passing down the river at the commencement of October, to hold a treaty with the Indians at the mouth of the Miami River, found settlements nt intervals from the mouth of Yellow Creek nearly to the mouth of the Great Kanawha, and did what he could to warn the settlers off. even giving orders to one of the officers of the army who was to descend to the Muskingum," to pull down every house on his way," some which had been re- cently torn down having been rebuilt by the determined men of the border. "Whether all the settlers were driven out or not is not known, but it is cer tain that no constitution for governing the inhabitants was framed at that day, and the scheme for a new State on tlae northwest side of the Ohio was not carried until seventeen years later. FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN UNION COUNTY. In 1797, before a white settler had found a home in the tract of countrj- now forming the county of Union, a town was laid out on a large scale in what is now Darby Township, on the south side of Big Darby Creek, by Lucas Sullivant, who named it North Liberty. The in- lots numbered 209 and the out-lots 116, and the plat is now on record in Volume II, page 79, of Ross County, Ohio, deed records, this county then being partly included in Ross. Doubtfess Mr. Sullivant expected his town would at some not distant day be a busy metropolis, but he ruined its prospects by laying out in August of the same year (1797), the town of Franklinton, on the west side of the Scioto River, opposite the subsequent site of Columbus. Whether Mr. Sullivant ever made deeds for any of the lots in North Lib- erty is not positively known, but he pi'obably did. At all events, the first settlement made in what is now Union County was at the prospective city, in 1798 — this being the date generally agreed upon, although one authority gives it as early as 1795, which is not possible. The honor of being the first settlers in the county is awarded to James and Joshua Ewing, and it is said that Mr. Sullivant induced them to locate at North Liberty in order to begin the settlement at that place, and if such M'as the fact, which is probable, it must have been as late as the fall of 1 <97 or the spring of 1798. The latter year is given by the best authority as the date of their arrival. Joshua Ewing was born in Kentucky, and moved from Lexington County in that State, to Ohio, his brother James accompanying him. Joshua Ewing became one of the first Commissioners of Madison County, upon its organiza- tion in 1810, but when Union County v/as formed, the brothers found their farms included in it. James Ewing brought four sheep to his place — the first seen in the county, and in 1812 became postmaster at Darby Creek,* the first post office established in what is now Union County. He was subsequently a director of the Franklin Bank, at Franklinton, and accumulated a large property. He issued a style of currency over his own signature, and transacted a large banking business in that way. James Ewing died in 1850, and Elizabeth, his wife, in 1865. Joshua Ewing died in 1821, and Margaret "Ewing about 1837-38. Their mother, Hannah Ewing, who came with them to Ohio, died in 1815 or 1816. The family was originally from New Jersey. In 1870, some controversy existing regarding the locality of the first settlement in Union County, William M. Robinson, Esq., of Marysville, * This office was established in 1812, the route extendiug over the " Post Road" from Worthington to Urbana, both then important towns. It was loug the only post office iu the cjunty, and there was but one other on the route, located at Dublin, Franklin County. 280 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. wrote to William B. Irwin, at Lebanon, Ohio, for his recollection of the mat- ter. Mr. Irwin was a former resident of Union County, and a well known surveyor. His reply was as follows: Lebanon, Ohio, April 25, 1870. Mr. AV. M. Robinson, Esq. — Dear Friend: I am trying to answer your letter respect- ing the organization of Union County, but am so feeble and nervous I fear I cannot write so it can be read. * * * As to the fact of the Ewiugs' first settlement being at North Liberty, I submit the following facts: My mother's brother. Rev. Archibald Steele, was a licentiate of the Presbytery of Washington, Synod of Kentucky. In the spring of 1799, he was commissioned as a missionary in Southwest Ohio, then a Territory. His mission was to visit all new settlements, make out a list of all members of the church wherever they wanted an organization, and report 'to Presbj^tery for proper action. In fulfilling this mission, Mr. Steele kept a regular day journal, yet in the hands of his heirs, to which I have always had free access, and from it I got part of the history of the church of Milford Center. In that journal, after followingit from place to place, we find the following: "Leaving Buck Creek, took the trail for Darby; at 4 o'clock arrived at the house of my old friend, Joshua Ewing, where the family, consisting of Joshua and his family, James, his brother, Betsey, their sister, and their aged mother, lived in a new town on the west bank of Big Darh3\ named North Liberty." In June, 1^08, I was passing this place in company with Joshua Ewing and his oldest son, Scott (now dead), James Ewing, Samuel Robinson and others; Joshua showed me the remains of tlie house in which he lived, also his brothers, at the time Mr. Steele called on him; stated that one was memorable from the fact that in it he and Mr. Steele made up the roll of members which in after years made up the North Liberty congregation. In further confirmation of the above fact, on ex- amination of the record of Presbyteiy, at the succeeding spring session, a commission was appointed to visit this place, with others reported In' i\Ir. Steele, and organize ciiurches where expedient. The record shows this last commission, in obedience to instructions, did in the fall of 1800 organize a church in this place by the name of North Liberty. Joshua Ewing and Samuel Kirkpatrick were then and there elected members. * * * * A good part of this would be more appropriate for a church history than for a history of the county, but the facts of the two were so interwoven tluit they give strength to each other. The appointment of a mission to look after the sheep in the wilderness, and then the report of Mr. Steele and the subsequent action of Presbyteiy, adding the standing monument of those organized churches with the record of these divisions up to their pres- ent position, is abundant proof of the facts in the case. I have heard Mr. Steele and Mr. Ewing often speak in after years of the settlement of North Liberty, and of the visit of the former there, and of many circumstances relating thereto. Now, my old friend, I re- member well our buckskin breeches, linsey hunting shirts, corn huskings and singing schools. Those days are gone. I will be glad to hear from you as often as 3'ou can find time to write. * * * Yours ti'uly, William B. Irwin. At the conchision of Mr. Irwin's letter, Mr. Robinson remarks: "In addition to Gen. Irwin's recollection on this subject, I had a conversation with William and David Winget, nephews of James Ewing, and very early settlers in this county, and they both say they saw the cabins they lived in in North Liberty, many a time. This is the way I became acquainted with the fact. I also know from my own recollection that after they left those cabins and went down into what is now Jerome Township, the Indians occupied t.he cabins and grounds they vacated." A hiswry of Franklin County, Ohio, was published in 1858, by William T. Martin, who whites as follows concerning the early settlements in this region : " Next after the settlement at Franklinton was a few families on Darby, near where Mr. Sullivant laid out his town of North Liberty, and a scattering settlement along Alum Creek. This was probably about the summer of 1799. * * About the same time, improvements were made near the mouth of Gahannah (formerly called Big Belly), and the settlements thus gradually ex- tended along the principal water- courses. In the meantime, Franklinton was the point to which emigrants first repaired to spend some months, or ])er- haps years, prior to their permanent location. * * For several years there was no mill nor considerable seUlement nearer thau the vicinity of Chillicothe. In Franklinton, the people constructed a kind of hand-mill, upon which they generally groitnd their corn; some pounded it, or boiled it, and occasionally a HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 281 trip was made to the Chillicothe mill. About the year 1799 or 1800, Robert Balentine erected a poor kind of mill on the run near Gay street, in the Co- lumbus plat, and, near the same time, Mr. John D. Kush erected au inferior mill on the Scioto, a short distance above Franklintou. They were, however, both poor concerns, and soon fell to ruins. A horse-mill w^as then resorted to and kept up for some time; but the first mill of any considerable advantage to the county was erected by Col. Kilbourne, near "Worthington, about the year 1805. About the same time, Carpenter's mill, on A\'hetstone, in what is now Delaware County, and Dyer's, on Darby, were erected. * * * During the first years of the settlement, it was extremely sickly — perhaps as much so as any part of the State. For a few of the first years, the fever and ague pre- vailed so generally in the fall seasons as to totally discourage many of the settlers; so that they would, during the prevalence of the disease, frequently resolve to abandon the country and remove back to the old settlements. But on the return of health, the prospective advantages of the country, the noble crops of corn and vegetables, the tine range for stock and the abundance of wild game — deer, turkeys, etc., with which the country abounded — all con- spired to re-animate them and encourage them to remain another year. And so on, year after year, many of the first settlers were held in conflict of mind, unable to determine whether to remain or adandon the country, until the en- largement of their improvements or possessions, the increasing conveniences and improvements of the country, together with the fact that the seasons had become more healthy, determined them generally to remain. Although sick- ness was so general, deaths were comparatively few, the disease of the country being principally ague — or so it was called. There was the shaking ague, and what is now familicirly termed chills and fever, which was then called the dumb ague."* The record of the Court of Common Pleas for Franklin County has the following entry under date of January 10, 1801: "Ordered, that there be paid unto James Ewing, out of the treasury of Franklin County, the sum of $8.75, it being the compensation due to him for seven days' services in taking the list of taxable property and the enumeration of w^hite males in Darby Township for the year 1803." It was not long after the Ewings had made their home in Darby Township before other arrivals were noted, and the chain of settlements extended along Big Darby Creek, in w^hat are now the townships of Jerome, Darby and Union. The Mitchells, Robinsons, Reeds, Sagers, McCulloughs and others will be found noted in the histories of the townships in which they located. Long after the southern portion of the county was settled, the northern part w^as a wilderness. As has been stated, that part of the county north of the Green- ville treaty line was not in condition to be settled u'ntil 1839, and it was a number of ye ars later than that in some of the townships, before the cabin of the pioneer was seen in the small clearing in the midst of the heavy forest. On the 31st day of October, 1800, Lucas Sullivant and wife, of Franklin- ton, then Ross County, Ohio, conveyed to Samuel Reed, of Fayette County, Penn., 500 acres of land, for $1,150, or at the rate of $2.30 per acre This was the first tract of land sold in what is now Union County, and the deed was carried to Chillicothe and recorded. Union County was then included in the territory comprising Ross County, of which Chillicothe was the seat of justice. The Sullivants appear to have been successful traders in military land warrants and by that means became the possessors of large tracts of land in the Virginia Military District, much of it lying in what is now Union County, * John F. Sabine, Esq., of Marysville, states that the last year in which the ague prevailed generally over Ohio ■was about 1823-24. Since then it has been confined to certain localities. 282 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. After this county was organized, the first wan-anty deed recorded was made by Je'-se Woodson to Allen Leeper, conveying 225 acres of land for a considera- tion of $795. This deed was made November 29, 1819, and recorded April 25, 1820, by Thomas Reynolds, first Recorder of Union County. In 1799, Samuel McCullough settled on the northeast side of Big Darby Creek, at the mouth of Buck Run, in what is now Darby Township, at the locality known as Bridgeport. His death occurred in the spring of 1800, being the first death of a white person in what is now the county of Union. There was no lumber with which to make a cotHn nearer than Chillicothe, eighty miles away, and Samuel Robinson, the only carjjenter in the county, was absent at that point to procure a load of salt. The remains were kept until his retui-n, w^hen he and his brother James cut down a walnut tree, split out seme slabs and made a coffin of them, in which the body was placed and buried at a spot a short distance down the creek since known as the Mitchell Graveyard. Nothing was ever placed to mark his resting place, and the exact locality of the grave is not now known. Mr. McCullough left a wife and two sons — Alexander and Samuel. The first white child born in Union County was Jesse Mitchell, whose birth occm-red in the latter part of 1799. His death occurred in 1880 or 1881, at his home in Jerome Township. Eliza M. Ewing, daughter of Joshua Ewing, one of the first settlers in the county, was born May 23, 1800, and was the second white child and the first white female child whose bii-th occm-red in the county. Her parents then resided a short distance above the pr<-sent site of Plain City. The lady never married, and was for many years a resi- dent of Foutanelle, Iowa, where she was living in 1881. Robert Snodgrass, the third white child whose birth took place in the county, was born Dece m- ber 2, 1800, on the north bank of Darby Creek, opposite the village of Mil- ford, in a cabin situated not far from where the railroad water tank now stands. In his early childhood, he had for playmates the Indian children of the vicinity. He was the first white child born in Union Township. On the 1st of January, 1828, at the residence of IMrs. Jane Robinson, a widow, who lived about a mile below Unionville, on the north bank of Darby Creek, he was married to Ellen, the daughter of the lady named, and lived to celebrate his golden wedding. His wife bore him seven children, and with live of them survived him. He died February 9, 1878. He had been for forty years a member of the Presbyterian Church and was always an earnest reader and a deep thinker. Such education as he possessed was obtained in the log school- houses common in his early years. Elizabeth Mitchell, daughter of Judge David Mitchell, born in Darby Township, in May, 1803, was possibly the sec- ond white female child born in the county. She became the wife of John W. Robinson, son of Rev. James Robinson and father of Hon. James W. Robinson and Col. A. B. Robinson, of Marysville. Her death occm-red in 1873. That there was marrying and giving in marriage at an early day in the pioneer history of Union County, there can be no doiibt; but, as no official record has been found showing the marriages which took place dm'ing the first years after the region was settled, it is possible only to give them accu- rately after the county of Union had been organized. The first marriage sub- sequent to that date, as found on the records, was that of Thomas Reed and Jane Snodgrass, who were united by John Irwin, Esq., on the 20th day of April, 1820. During the first year after the organization of the county, the marriages niimbered eleven, and but eight couples started on the matrimonial journey in the year following. In 182'.^, however, the spirit appeared to move the young people more thoroughly to action— or there were more to be moved HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 283 — for the musty records show that twenty-four marriages took place in that year, the ceremony having been usually performed by some favorite Justice of the Peace. The following is a list of marriages which occurred in Union County from its organization, in 1820, to the 1st of January, 1830: 1820. Thomas Reed and Jane Snodgi'ass, by John Irwin. Justice of the Peace. John Deakins and Dolly (Peggy) News, by Richard Gosnel, J. P. James Snodgrass and Polly McDowell; no return recorded. Benjamin Foster and Amanda Cone, by Yinol Steward. Moses Bedford and Betsey Southard, by Richard Gosnel, J. P, John McCune and Polly Hager, by Clark Broding, J. P. Winthrop Chandler and Lucy Hamilton, by Richard Gabriel, J. P. William Richey and Massey Bodley; no return recorded. Thomas Osborn and Elizabeth Price, by James Bell, J. P. Elba Bui-nham and Lorinda Burnham, by John Invin. John MeiTon and Polly Parthemore, by Clark Broding, J. P. 1821. Standish Culver and Betsey McCloud. by Russell Bigelow, J. P. Abraham Davison and Jane Martin, by Clark Broding, J. P. Benjamin Sibley and Lydia Hilliard, by George Brown, J. P. William A. Brown and Mary Bagley, by Rev. Jeremiah Converse. William Concleton and Martha Thompson, by James Boll, J. P. Geoi'ge Parmenter and Nancy Marquess; no return recorded. Charles Brooks and Polly Hanahman, by L. Maze, J. P. Elisha Wliite and Sarah Culver, by George Brown. 1822. Jonathan Miles and Susannah Porter; no certificate recorded. Andrew Dodds and Hannah Hukman, by Rev. James Robinson. Hiram Dodge and Clarinda Parmenter, by Clark Broding, J. P. Wari'en Wren and Lucy Hubbard, by Ejias Robinson, J. P. John Taylor and Jane Noteman, by Clark Broding, J. P. Asahel Parmenter and Eleanor Dodge, by Clark Broding. Jonathan Brooks and Mary Gates, by William Ruba, J. P. Thomas Saunders and Maria Geer, by Elias Robinson, J. P. Isaiah Garwood and Caroline Culver, by George Brown, J. P. David Gill and Eleanor Piper, by Rev. James Robinson. James Reed and Elizabeth Johnston, by Rev. James Robinson. John Donally and Betsey Milton, by Matthias Collins, J. P. Michael Wood and Elvira Thayer, by James Bell, J. P. Israel Lockwood and Angeline Culver, by Elias Robinson, J. P. Robert Cratty and Eleanor Porter, by Rev. James Robinson. Calvin Wlnget and Cynthia A. Irwin, by Rev. James Robinson. Andrew Craig and Betsey Vandrevander, by Elias Robinson, J. P. John Bartholomew and Hannah Sager, by Clark Brown, J. P. David Furrow and Sally Wolford, by George Brown, J. P. Richard Smith and Betsey McCloud, by Samuel Smith, J. P. Garret Harris and Sarah Orr, by James Beadle, J. P. Robert Dinwiddle and Susan Bradley, by Rev. Jeremiah Converse. George Elifrits and Martha Harris, by James Bell. J. P. James Connor and Delby DeWitt, by Clark Brown. -S4 HISTORY OK INION roiNTV. lu^HM-t \i. H;uumi;vn au*l Hannah rinnu\UM-. bv William Uiploy. J. P. dosoph (Khh" and Jano (.'Imivhill, by (loortjo Brown. J. l\ Ho-u^kiah Ivonnody and !N[artha Sanndors, by Gihm-o^o Browu. J*. P. rhon\as (.irahani and flonun\a Oonkloton. by Kov. J. Convorso, N\\>stbi\x>k Knii^ht and t^jtharino Cranior. by Fdias Robinson. J. P. Koavos Kobinson and Hannah Wilson, by Boy. John Taylor, tlonathan Burris and F.li/aboth Said, by Uov. Jacob Drako. William Xowhouso and Ann Bichoy. by Kov. Jamos Bobin.sou. Benjamin 8a<:^or and Pilly Bot^soll, by tlamos Boal. J. P. Willian\ Thompson and Sally Shormau, by Jamos Boal. J. P. Southard Mathors and Pholonie Bioo. by Bi'V. John Inskoop. Josoi>h liawronoo and ^lai'y Cochran, by Bov. Jamos B».>binson. John W. Bobinson and l>oU>*ov ^NLitoholl. by Bov. Jamos Bobiuson. Mvsos (.Troon and Sarah Stiokk\ by J. Buck. J. P. Kobort Ma/.o and Sarah D. Mitoholl. by Jamos Boalo. J. P. Josso Mitoholl and Eliza Bobiuson. by Bov. Jamos Bobiusou. William Ciraham and Klizaboth 1x^11. by William Bichoy. J. P. David Harrini::fton and Pauuy Lano. by Elias Bobiusou. J. P. Joivmiah Baiii:;hau aud Ellizaboth Brako. by Jamos Boal. J. P. iS'-^t. Dauiol Harris and Sybil Lathrop. by Elias Bobiuson. J. P. SimoiMi Ha^H" and Bhoda Taylor, by John McCnue. J. P. Jotliam Johuson and Polly Marquis; no roturu rooordod. Abraham Anu-iuo auii Polly Wolford. by Matthias Collins. J. P. William Borham and Prana Wilson, by William Bichoy. J. P. David 1upl<\v and Phobo Coolodifo. by Elias Bobinson. J. P. Sanmol Bood and Joanna Hathaway, by Elias Bobinson. J. P. Nicholas Hathaway and Eli/aboth Morton, by Samuol Bobiusou. J. P. Hardin Hovoy and Eliza Browu, by Elias Bobinson. J. P. Johu Kauady and Bot^jy ]\Ioi-so. by Richard Crabriol, J. P. Lduiard L. Wilmoth and Lydia Gibson, by William Bichoy, J. P. Su->phou Johnson aud Hannah N. Patch: no record of cortiticato. Abrahaiu Amrino and Xancy Adams, by Matthias Collins, J. P. Lafayotto Tibbotts aud Matilda Ann McGowon. by ^tatthias Collins. J. P. Stophoi\ Hill and Susannah Lukoubill. bv William Bichov. J. P. ^rosos Harris and Polly Etikonbill. by WUliam Richoy. J.' P. Johu Portor and tlannah Dodds. by Bov. Jan\os Bobiusou. John Portor aud Jauo Crawford, by Kov. Jan\os Bobiusou. iS'Jo. Elijah Ch-ahood and Sarah Carter, by Willian\ Chulhill. J. P. Samuol T. Hovoy and Rachol Comor. by Richard Crabriol. J. P. William Pvrtor and lianuah Suodgniss. by Rov. James Kobinson. Stunner Payne and Aurolia Buruham; uo return shown. (.TOtM-jjt^ Lukenbill aud Marijfaret Siu^^or. by William Richoy. J. P. Reuben Burdick and Elizabeth Dinwiddle, by Samuel Fiunum. J. P. Jac^^b Partliemore aud Sarah C. Thornton, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Sihis Burdick and ^largaret Richoy, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. David Burnham and Xancy Gabriel, by Kov. James Robinson. Henry Hulso and Polly Wilson, by Silas G. Strong. J. P. John Reed and Jane Ann Snodgrass. by Samuel Robinson, J. P. -§vi¥#:"'- "«s&„^_ -6^/-' v^^^- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 287 Edmund Holycross and Jane Andrew, by Richard Gabriel, J. P. Thomas F. Woods and Sarah Shelpman, by Rev. James Dunlap. David Mitchell and Hannah Caldwell, by Rev. James Robinson. Harvey Burnham and Eliza Hovey, by Elias Robinson. J. P. Caleb Orahood and Elizabeth Shirk, by William Gladhill, J. P. Benjamin Gorton and Mary Ann Cooledge, by Rev. James Robinson. John McDonald and Philomela Miller; no return shown. 1826. Adam Brake and Eva Baughan, by William Gladhill, J. P. John S. Lock and Louisa Harrington, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Ira Patrick and Laura Tarpening, by James Bell, J. P. William Holycross and Amy Andrews, by Richard Gabriel, J. P. Jacob Sennet and Eve King, by James Boal, J. P. Lawrence Tarpening and Maiy Davis, by James Boal, J. P. Silas Bell and Abigail Sherman, by Samuel Farnum, J. P. John W. Edgar and Parmela Johnson, by William Gladhill, J. P. William Mitchell and Mary W. Reed, by Richard Gabriel, J. P> John P. Reed and Melinda Asher; no record. John King and Polly Porter, by Richard Gabriel, J. P. Minor Walcott and Clara Butler; no record. David Duval and Elizabeth Coleshine; no record. Levi Phillips and Sarah Cooper, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. William Robinson and Hannah Coe, by Rev. James Robinson. Cranston Bates and Mary Gaston; no record. Jason Rice and Julia Lathrop, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Daniel Furrow and Polly Baty; no record. James D. Irwin and Polly Reynolds, by Silas G. Strong, J., P. Mordecai Boughn and Ozillye Orahood, by William Gladhill. J. P. James Cochran and Elizabeth Reed, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Matthias Collins and Prudence Gates; no record. John Irwin and Rhoda Stokes, by Rev. John Inskeep. Aaron Men'iman and Mary Ann Sager; no record. Tobias Beightler and Sarah Amrine. by Andrew Amrine, J. P. 1827. Joseph Gibson and Polly Anderson, by Rev. James Robinson. Aaron Harrison and Margaret Lukenbill, by William Richey. Thomas Randall and Mary Stuart, by Rev. James Robinson. Lyman Konknight and Sarah Culver, by Rev. James Duniap. Ralph Cherry and Rachel Comer; no record. Eli Frankenberger and Caroline Rice; no record. Abraham Elifrits and Polly Boram, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Ralph Graham and Hannah Burdick, by William Richey, J. P. James Clark and Sarah Wilson, by Henry Swartz, J. P. John W. Plummer and Matilda Randall, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Benjamin Fenner and Sarah Bennett, by Rev. Samuel Bradford. Richard Hoskins and Ann H. Martin, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. 1828. Jehial P. Buckman and Clarinda A. Plummer, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Lemuel Tucker and Maria Walton, by Silas Strong. Jonathan Bowen and Maliala Clark, by Samuel Farnuin, J. P. Samuel Beebe and Lucy Ann Rogers, by Judah Dodge, J. P. •288 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. James Russell and Charity Smith, by Silas G. Strong, J. P. Lucas Low and ^Margaret Sager: no return. Robert Snodgrass and Eleanor Robinson, bv Rev. James Robinson. William Harrison and America Harrison, by Samuel Farnum. J. P. Jesse Porter and Eleanor R. Reed: no return. Amos A. Williams and Eleanor Stewart; no record. Moses Taylor and Susan ^larshall. by Heniy Sager, J. P. John Luckenbell and Elizabeth Andrews, by EJiphas Burnham, J. P. Levi Hinton and America Ann Harrington, by William Richey. J. P. Welling Westlake and Sophia Elliott, by Andi-ew Amrine. J. P. Gideon Sennett and Lucy Alley, by David Mitchell, J. P. Samuel Simpson and Mary Brannan, by David Gallaud, J. P. William Parkison and Jane Reed, by Eliphas Biu'uham. J. P. Peter Andrus and Delila DeWitt. by Samuel Farnum, J. P. Levi Sager and Margaret Low, no record. Rodney Smith and Delila Reynolds, by Rev. Samuel Bradford. Christopher Myers and Hannah Graham, by William Richey, J. P. James Holycross and Miranda Impson, by David Mitchell, J. P. Otway Curry and Mary Noteman. by James Buck. J. P. John Kingry and Sophia Carter, by Henry Vangorden, J. P. 1829. John West and Caroline Patch; no record. Michael Brake and Polly Shirk, by William Gladhill, J. P. Andrew Keyes and Rebecca Sabin, by Elias Robinson, J. P. Joseph Roseberry and Margaret Carter, by AMlliam Richey, J. P. William M. Robinson and Hannah H. Crawford, by David Mitchell, J. P. Samuel Reed and Sarah Davis, by Rev. B. Lawrence. David Reed and Mary Allen, by John Rathbun. J. P. Hollis Strong and Prudence S. Williams; no record. Hezekiah Spain and Susan Epps; no record. William Edgar and Rachel Kigar, by L-a Wood, J. P. Jesse Spurgin and Susan Wilson, by Samuel Farnum. Joseph Stokes and Mary Austin, by Rev. John Inskeep. Hiram Kent and Amanda Harrington, by Rev. Samuel Bradford. William Campbell and Ami Colbert, by Ira ^^'ood, J. P. Apples Eastman and Barbara Marquiss. by Henry Sager, J. P. Christian Stiner and Ruth Gibson, by Ira Wood. J. P. Jesse Bowen and Susannah Spergin, bv William Richey. J. P. Perry Hughbanks and Sarah A\hito. by D. Galland. J. P. William Coffman and Mary Brake, by William Gladhill. J. P. John Cartwi-ight and Martha Mitchell, by David Mitchell, J. P. Robert Graham and Judith Bell, by William Richey, J. P. Andrew Anuine and Ruth AVells, by A. Anu-ine. J. P. Zephaniah Westlake and Isabella Gregg, by Andrew Amrine, J. P. Ira Bennett and Betsy Scott; no record. Stephen Winget and Matilda W. TtTarshal, by David Mitchell, J. P. John Lane and Mary Dysert. by M illiam Richey, J. P. Manuel Brown and Lydia Crouse, by David ^Mitchell, J. P. George Parthemore and ]Maiy Wood, by David Mitcell, J. P. Hezekiah Spain and Susannah Epps, by Rev. John Inskeep. The tii'st election held within the limits of the present county of Union was for the township of Darby, in 1S03, when a Congressman was to be elect- ed from the State. This election was held at the house of Judofo David HISTORY OF UNION COUNTV. 289 Mitchell, and eighteen votes were ca-t. The election in the State at that time resulted in the choice of Jeremiah Moitow, of Wairen County, for Con- gress, and that sturdy pioneer and statesman made his journeys to the capital of the nation on horseback. In 1818 or 1819, the first brick house in Union Coanty was built by Samuel Robinson, on his fann in Darby Township. Benjamin and Xoah Tinkham manufactured the brick and laid them in the walls. William M. Robinson was a resident of Marysville, was bom on the farm of his father, James Robinson, in Darby Tov;nship, in April, 1808, aad was a curiosity from l)eing the only boy in the neighborhood. He remembers that the Indians encamped many a time opposite his fathei-'s place. They were always civil and peaceable. The boy used to be called "Whistling Will- iam" because of his habit of whistling much of the time. On one occasion, he was riding a horse tramping out wheat, in the old-fashioned way, and was whistling happily, when some Indian boys who happened along heard him and were surprised into a laugh; they had never heard whistling before. After awhile, the boy stopped whistling, but as ti\e young Indians seemed anxious for him to continue, his father told him to keep on. which he did, to the great delight of the youthful red-skins. The latter had their bows and arrows with them. When James Robinson was drafted during the war of 1812, he left his wife and six childreu at home in the woods, but they were not much afraid, as the Indians were always so peaceable. The red people usually walked while traveling, but they had ponies and could have ridden had they desired. There were living in November, 1882, but three persons in Union County who had been residents thereof as long as Mr. Robinson, and those were George Snodgrass, of Marysville; Josiah Reed, of Union Town- ship, and Joel ConkJin, of Leesbui-g Township. This statement is made on the authority of Mr. Robinson. On the farm of James Robinson, in Darby Township, where he first l^egan to clear, were a couple of wild plum trees which afterward bore for many years. Those trees were yet alive in the fall of 1881, and it is probable that living poiiions of them may still be standing. They are indeed" old settlers." On the somh bank of Big Parby Creek, on land owned by Nathan How- ard, Esq., present County Commissioner, about two miles above Milford Center, is a locality known as the " Indian Fields," so called from having been a favorite camping ground of the Indians. They had two or thi'^e acres cleared, and the space subsequently grew up to a thicket of plum trees. The ground was never cultivated by the Indians, so far as known. It is in Allen Township, at its southern extremity. It was necessary for the settlers to have some means of preparing their grain for food, and the fh-st form of mill used was a " hominy block, " made by burning a hole in the top of a stump and aiTanging a sweep so that two men could pound corn into meal. For a sifter, a deer skin was stretched over a hoop, and small holes made in it by a hot iron — often a common steel table fork. Next followed the hand-mill, which was but a slight improve- ment; then the horse-mill, and finally the water-mill and steam-mill. These are given in the order of their importance, though in some localities it was the case that the water-mill was the first introduced. The first mill of any importance in Union County was a water-mill which was built by Frederick Sager, in what is now the township of Jerome. It stood on the north bank of Big Darby Creek, about a mile above Plain City (fonnerly Pleasant Yalley), and a short raceway was constmcted to convey the water to the wheel. The set of stones used by Mr. Sager he had manufactured from boAvlders found in the neighborhood, and they gi'ound everything that was brought for the pur- 290 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. pose— wheat, buckwheat and corn. John F. Sabine, Esq., of Marysville, re- members going to this mill in 1814, and thinks it then had been standing for several years. It is stated that George Reed's lo^,' mill on the Big Darby, at Milford, was erected in 1810 or 1812, and that the date was prior to the erec- tion of Sager's mill, but the evidence is not sufficient to substautiate the fact. Both mills were built very early, and both were found by the inhabitants of the reo-ion at that time to be exceedingly convenient institutions. For sev- eral years after the first settlement of the county, the wheat crop was ner.rly a failure, and would scarcely grow at all on the Darby Plains, where now it is the principal cereal produced. Corn was the main crop of the pioneers, and on it their dependence was mostly placed for breadstuff; yet unfavorable seasons affected it greatly, and the higher — which were the i^oorer — lands were only cultivated for mauy years, or until a s}stem of drainage was adopt- ed, developing the lower lands into excellent crop-raising localities. Distil- leries abounded in all the settlements, and much of the corn raised was taken to them and worked up into whisky. Small copper stills were used, and a bushel of shelled corn was the price of a gallon of whisky. One of the earliest distil- leries in the county was owned by one of the Sagers, about one and a half miles west of Plain City. The article of whisky manufactured among the settlers was different in several respects from that commonly dispensed by dealers at the present day. It was nearer a genuine article, and was not warranted to kill at forty rods, yet if imbibed in sufficient qualities its immediate effects were not perceptibly different from those attendant upon the free use of liquor in this year of grace 1883. It is not denied that people "got ch-unk" in the times when log-cabins were the only mansions in this region, and it is even admitted that some of them were in a state of inebriation rather oftener than was conducive to their good; while it is freely stated that it was the custom for everybody to drink, hand out the bottle and cup to guests, and keep the article always on hand. A person who did not taste the liquor occasionally was almost a curiosity. Salt was a very expensive article. In Franklin County, some of the settlers manufactured it at a salt spring tlu-ee or four miles below Columbus, but the enterprise was not found to be profitable. It is not now known whether any of the salt from that locality found its way into Union County or not. Most of that used here was the Kanawha salt, procured at Cincinnati. After the State canal was opened, the New York salt was introduced, coming by way of Columbus. When purchased at Cincinnati, its usual cost was $3 per bushel of fifty pounds. Salt came also from Zanesville. John Jolly, an early resident of Darby Township, wanted some salt at one time, and after threshing out twenty-five bushels of wheat, he took his ox team, hauled the grain to Zanesville, along with the necessary provisions for the trip, exchanged it for a barrel of salt and returned, having been absent from home for ten days. The stock owned by the early settlers was hardly equal in quality to that now seen in the same region. There were a few horses and cattle; the people from New England used oxen instead of horses, as a rule. After a time, im- provements were begun by the settlers on the plains, and the inferior varieties became known as " woods stock. " As by law required, each owner of an animal had his private mark, crop or brand placed upon it. All animals were allowed to run at largo. " Hogs ran wild without a pen," and among the older settlements the principal legal suits were brought for stealing hogs. When the supply of pork was short, it was only necessary to step out and shoot some stray grunter in order to replenish the barrel. If the animal's ears happened to bear the mark of some other owner, they were cut off and HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 291 thrown away. It was not customary to obtain an abstract of title to the doomed hog when the larder was empty, and one man stood as good show as another. Among the evils which brought terror into the settlements for a consid- erable number of years was the dread disease known as milk-sickness. Its real cause was never known, but it is now supposed that it lay in a fungus growth which abounded in deeply shaded places. At all events, the disease disap- peared after the country was cleared up. Its effects were nearly always fatal ; it caused terrible suffering, the thirst of the victim being intense from the internal fever caused by the poison within. It was common everywhere, and many persons died from contracting it. Occasionally one recovered, and those who did, though now wearing the livei-y of age, remark the extreme suffering they underwent during the time they were ill. There are several persons now living in Marysville who lost relatives by it, and who were themselves almost past recovery, but who fortunately withstood the attack and lived to tell of its terrors. An observing person would have noticed great difference in the manners of the seltlers from different regions of country. The New Englander had his peculiarities, but they were not in the least like those of the Pennsyl- vanian, and either was unlike the Virginian, the Carolinian, or the Kentuck- ian. An occasional New Yorker found a home in this county, and he, too, possessed the traits of the State from which he had emigrated. The customs of the fathers were handed down to their sons, and it is quite easy, even at the present time, if possessed of a thorough knowledge of the manners of the people of the various States here represented, to determine whence the inhab- itants derive their lineage, The county of Union, however, is more cosmo- politan than most of its southern neighbors, and the blending of the different classes has resulted in a general community of which any State might be proud. Here is a thrifty and enterprising population, inhabiting a I'egion rapidly developing into one of the best in the great State of Ohio. In some of the sm'rounding counties, it was customary among the pio- neers, upon their arrival, to construct three-sided, sloping-roofed shanties, which they called " camps." In front of thfl fourth side, which was open to the weather, a huge fire of logs was kept burning, and these primitive struct- ures were occupied iintil the regularly built log cabin was ready for occu- pancy. In Union County, however, it is stated that very few of the " camps " were ever built, the settlers preparing the log houses for permanent occu- pation at the very start and thus saving considerable labor. If help was plenty, it was easy to build a cabin in a day. The shingles, or " clapboards," four feet long, were split out on the ground, and the roof, held firmly in place by weight poles, could without much extra labor be put on the same day. It sometimes occurred that a family moved into its cabin before the puncheon floor was laid or the door hung, but this was in case of extreme weather, when some place of shelter was indispensable. A person writing about 184:6-4:7, of early days in Delaware County, re- corded the following items, which are as applicable to pioneer times in Union County : " I learn from the old pioneers that during the early period of the county the people were in a condition of complete social equality; no aristocratic distinctions were thought of in society, and the first line of demarkation drawn was to separate the very bad from the general mass. Their parties were for raisings and log rollings, and, the labor being finished, their sports usually were shooting and gymnastic exercises with the men, and convivial amiisements among the women; no punctilious formality nor ignoble aping 292 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the fashions of lic.-ntious Paris marred their assemblies, but all were happy and enjoyed themselves iu seeing others so. The rich and the poor dressed alike — the men generally wearing hunting shirts and buckskin pants, and the women attired in coarse fabrics produced by their own hands. Such was their common and holiday dress, and if a fair damsel wished a superb di-ess for her bridal day, her highest aspiration was to obtain a common American cotton check. The latter, which now sells for a shilling a yard, then cost SI, and live yards was deemed an ample pattern ; silks, satins and fancy goods, that now inflate our vanity and deplete our purses, were not then even di-eamed of. The cabins were furnished in the same style of simplicity; the bedstead was home made, and often consisted of forlced sticks driven into the ground, with crois poles to sup^^ort the clapboards or the cord. One pot, kettle and frying- pan were the only articles considered indispensable, though some included the tea -kettle; a few plates and dishes upon a shelf in one corner was as sat- isfactory as is now a cupboard full of china, and their food relished well from a puncheon table. Some of the wealthiest families had a few split bottom chairs, but as a general thing sf.ools and benches answered the place of lounges and sofas, and at first the green sward or smoothly leveled earth served the double purpose of floor and carpet. Whisky toddy was considered luxury enough for any party; the woods furnished abundance of venison, and corn pone supplied the place of every variety of pastry. Flour could not for some time be obtained nearer than Chillicothe or Zanesville; goods wei'e very high, and none but the most common kinds were brought here, and had to be packed on horses or mules from Detroit, or wagoned from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, thence down the Ohio River in flat-boats to the mouth of the Scioto, and then packed, or hauled up. The freight was enormous, costing often $4 per ton. Tea retailed at from $2 to $3 a ])ound, coffee 75 cents, salt $5 to $6 per bushel (50 pounds). The coarsest calicos were $1 per yard, whisky from $1 to $2 per gallon, and as much of the latter was sold as of all other articles, for several years after Delaware was laid out; but it must be remem- bered that this then was the border town, and had considerable trade with the Indians. It was the common practice to set a bottle on each end of the counter for customers to help themselves gratuitously to enable them to pur- chase advantageously! Many people suffered hardships and endured priva- tions that now seem insupportable." The log-cabin of the pioneer has been so often described that most per- sons are familiar with its peculiarities, even though they may never have seen such a building; but it is not out of place to give a description here: When the walls of the cabin had been laid, the spaces between the logs were tilled with split sticks of wood, which made up the ''chinking." and a "daubing" of clay mortar was plastered over, making a comparatively solid and su.bstantial wall, through which the cold wind seldom swept in winter, and through which the excessive summer heat hardly penetrated. The floor was often nothing more than earth tramped hard and smooth, but the kind commonly in use was made of "puncheons," or split logs with the flat sides upward, hewed smooth. The roof was made by gradually drawing in the top to the ridge-pole, laying the " clapboards " on cross pieces and fastening them down with long weight-poles. In constructing a tire-place, a space about six feet in length was cut out of the logs on one side of the room, and three sides were built up with logs, making an offset in the wall. If stones were plenty in the neighborhood, they were used to line the fire-place; if not, earth was brought into requisition. The flue, or upper part of the chimney, was built of small split sticks, two and a half or three feet in length, carried a little space above the roof and plastered over with clay; this, when finished, was called a "catand-clay chimney." A spaae HISTORY OF UNION COUNTi'. 293 was cut in one side of the room for a door- way, and a door made of clap- boards was hung (»n wooden hinges, secui-ed by wooden pins to two cross-pieces. The fastening was a wooden ^atch catching on a hook of the same material. To open the door from the outside, a strip of buckskin was tied to the latch and drawn through a hole a few inches above the latch -bar; on pulling the string, the latch was lifted and the door was pushed open. To lock up the house it was only necessary to draw in the latch-string. "Here the family lived," says a writer, "and here the guest and way- farer were made welcome. The living-room was of good size, but to a large ex- tent it was all — kitchen, bedroom, parlor and arsenal, with flitches of bacon and rings of dried pumpkin suspended from the rafters. In one corner were the loom and other implements used in the manufacture of clothing, and around the ample tire-place was collected the kitchen furniture. The cloth- ing lined one side of the sleeping apartment, suspended from pegs driven in the logs. Hemp and flax were generally raised, and a few sheep kept. Out of these the clothing for the family and the sheets and coverlets were made by the females of the house. The country abounded with the weed called Spanish needle, which seemed to grow everywhere and in immense quantities. Instances are given where this plant was pulled and treated precisely as flax, making a beautifully white and substantial goods. Over the door was placed the trusty rifle, and just back of it hung the powder horn and hunting- pouch. In the well-to-do families, or when crowded on the ground floor, a loft was some- times made to the cabin for a sleeping place, and the storage of ' traps ' and articles not in common use. The loft was reached by a ladder secured to the wall; generally the bedrooms were separated from the living room by sheets and coverlets suspended from the rafters, but, until the means of making these partition walls were ample, they lived and slept in the same room. The morning ablutions were made at the trough near the spring, sometimes from a pewter basin on a stump near the door. " Familiarity with this mode of living did away with much of the discom- fort, but as soon as the improvement could be made, there was added to the cabin another room, or a double log-cabin was constructed, being substan- tially a three- faced camp, with a log room on each end and containing a loft. The furniture in the cabin corresponded with the house itself. The articles used in the kitchen were as few and simple as can be imagined. A 'Dutch oven,' a skillet, a long-handled frying-pan, an iron pot or kettle, and sometimes a coffee-pot, constituted the utensils of the best furnished kitchen. A little later, when a stone wall formed the base of the chimney, a long iron crane swung in the chimney place, which on its pot-hook carried the boiling kettle or heavy iron pot. The cooking was all done on the fire-place and at the tire, and the style of cooking was as simple as the utensils. Indian or corn meal was the common flour, which was made into 'pone,' or 'corn-dodger,' or 'hoe- cake,' as occasion or variety demanded. The 'pone' and the 'dodger' were baked in the Dutch oven, which was tirst set on a bed of glowing coals. AVhen the oven was tilled with the dough, the lid, already heated on the tire, was placed on the oven and covered with hot embers and ashes. When the bread was done, it was taken from the oven and placed near the tire to keep warm while some other food was being prepared in the same way for the forth- coming meal. The ' hoe-cake ' was prepared in the same way as the dodger — that is, a stiff dough was made of the meal and water, and, taking as much as could conveniently be held in both hands, it was molded into the desired shape by being tossed from hand to hand, then laid on a board or flat stone placed at an angle before the tire, and patted down to the required thickness. In the fall and early winter, cooked pumpkin was added to the meal dough. 294 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. giving a flavor and richness to the bread not attained by the modern methods. In the oven from which tlie bread was taken, the venison or ham was then fried, and, in the winter, lye hominy, made from the unbroken grains of corn, added to tlie frugal meal. The woods abounded in honey, and of this the settlers had an abundance the year round. For some years after settlements were made, the corn meal formed the staple commodity for bread. '•' In everything the pioneers were economical, and they made the best of such advantages as circu.mstances furnished. The rifle, with its accompany- ing appendages — powder-horn, bullet molds, bullet-pouch and wiping stick — was an indispensable weapon-, the ax was also an implement without which no one would think of venturing into the wilderness with the view of making a home there. Such other tools, dishes, etc., as could be conveniently trans- ported, were taken along, but for many articles they placed reliance on their ingenuity to invent after they should become settled. Rude and rough as these home-made necessaries were, they answered the purposes for which they were intended, and complaint was never heard because they were not of better quality or more finished appearance. In the struggle to provide against the needs of the future, each accepted the conveniences at hand and wi'ought patiently toward the acccimplishment of the object for which he had entered a strange country. The clothing worn by the immigrants was made, by careful use, to do duty until crops of flax or hemp could be grown out of which new household apparel could be manufactured. After sheep were introduced, it was easier to work up the material for clothing, and the spinning wheel, wool card, winding blades, reel, warping bars and loom were familiar implements to the pioneer women, old and young. A pioneer of Champaign County thus writes: " The boys were required to do their share of the hard labor of clear- ing up the farm, for at the time the country now under the plow was in every direction heavily timbered or covered with a dense thicket of hazel and young timber. Our visits were made with ox teams, and we walked or rode on horse- back or in wagons to meeting. The boys pulled, broke and hackled flax, wore tow shirts and indvilged aristocratic feelings in fringed hunting-shirts and coon-skin caps; picked and carded wool by hand, and spooled and quilled yarn for the weaving till the back ached. " Rail or pole corn-cribs, covered with clapboards or prairie hay, wooden plows, rail fences, wooden-toothed harrows — or in their stead, heavy brush dragged over the ground — the mattock and hoe, etc., were the agricultural implements used. The ground was rich and mellow, and good crops of corn were the rule. A bushel and a quarter was sown broadcast to tlie acre. "Occasionally, a field would be grown producing what was called 'sick wheat,' so named from its tendency to cause vomiting. Various devices were adopted to obviate this, but none of any avail; but it was commonly understood that the best thing to be done with it was to convert it into whisky. " Wheat ripened early in July, and at first was cut with the sickle; afterward the cradle was introduced, being a great improvement, and in the coui'se of time the needs of the farmer were supplied by the reaper, the first one being a clumsy afiair compared with the perfect machines of to day. The grain was thrashed either with the flail or tramped out on a hard clay floor by horses — generally the latter process being adopted. Many a gray-haired citizen of Union County at this time will recall the painful and tiresome experience of riding a bare- backed horse, in none too good condition, all day on the golden straw, round and round in a circle, while one or two persons turned and kept it in place. After the grain was winnowed, with the aid of the wind, it was ready for mill or market, notwithstanding it contained more or less chaff and dirt. Colum- bus, Sandusky, Dayton and Cincinnati furnished markets for the wheat, and , HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 297 after transpoi-ting it to any of those places it brought but a small price — 25 to 40 cents per bushel. A bushel of wheat would just pay the postage on a letter from the old home in the East, and at such a rate it may easily be understood that coiTespondence was limited. Apple seeds brought from the older settle- ments were planted, and in a few years there was plenty of hard cider — used as a temperance drink, and as thorough an intoxicant as the whisky. Cider brandy, or "apple jack," was a favorite beverage, and in some localities "cider was used as a remedy for all sorts of ills. A kind of tea made of hard strong cider, with a pepper pod sliced into it, was a dose to make rheumatism beat a retreat; willow bark and the heart of an iron wood pickled in cider was good for fever and ague.* Wild cheny bark and cider was a warming tonic, etc." Hard cider was a power in politics in the Harrison campaign of 1840, and many a zealous supporter of the hero of Tippecanoe " primed up in a mug of hard cider " in order to take the cobwebs from his throat and enable him to sing the rousing campaign songs which aided so largely in coaxing victory to perch on the banner of the "Whig party. Root beer and home-brewed ale were also used by the settlers. The sugar maple and the "bee tree" furnished sweets for the household. The Indians learned from the whites the process of making maple sugar, but their mode was hardly as cleanly as that of their teachers. A Avriter says: "W^hen their siiTip was about ready to gi-anulate, they would have a raccoon ready to cook, which they would put into the simp, hair, skin, entrails and all. The coon would get done in a short time, when he was removed and allowed to cool. A crust of sugar came away with the hair and skin. The flesh seemed nicely cooked, but the sugar — well !" It is a fact that, in later years, where there are yet Indians living on their reservations — notably in Michigan — they will make maple sugar to sell, but when they wish afterward to purchase any for their own use, they will ask for "white man's cake sugar;" they do not care to eat that of their own manufacture. Money was a scarce article among the early settlers, most of them coming into the forest with scarcely the bare necessities of a primitive life. Barter was the general system of trade, and the farmers "changed work" with their neighbors in busy seasons, in order that none might be behind. The small amount of money in circulation was confined almost exclusively to the centers of trade. Spanish milled dollars, divided into halves or quarters, constituted what was called "cut money," so prepared for the purpose of making change, as but a small amount of fractional currency was to be obtained, and not enough to supply the demand. Most of the money which the settler could raise was expended for taxes, and in payments on his lands, for these were obligations which could be discharged m no other manner. The following homely rhyme illustrates pioneer times in a comprehensive manner. It was prepared to be read August 21, 1878, at the golden wedding of Thomas Snodgrass and wife, of Marysville, but was not presented on that occasion. Mr. Snodgrass was a native of Union County, and in 1828 married Eliza Calloway. The "poem" is entitled NEW COUKTRT. "This wilderness was om* abode Full fifty years ago; And when we wished good meat to eat We caught a fawn or doe. For fish we used the hook and line, ' And pounded corn to make it fine; On johnny-cakes our ladies dine In ti:is new country. * There is a tradition that farther south, on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, a sovereign remedy for th " chills " was to swallove a bullet. 298 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. , "Our paths were througli the winding wood, Where oft the savage trod; They were not wide, nor scarce a guide, But they were all we had. Our houses, too. were logs of wood. Rolled up in squares and caulked with mud ; If the bark was tight our roofs were good. In this new country. "We wandered through the fields and woods And drank of the purling stream: No doctor, priest or lawyer here Was scarcely to be seen; Our health, it' needed no repair, No pious man -for God is praj'er; And who would fee a lawyer here In this new country? "Our children, too, in careless glee, Oft made their mothers sigh; And the savage bear was oft aware He heard our children cry; The rattlesnake our children dread. And ofttinies fearful mothers said, 'I fear some beast will take my babe,' In this new country. " Our occupation was to make The lofty forest bow; With axes"^good we chopped our wood. For well we all knew how; We cleared our laud for rye and wheat. For strangers and ourselves to eat; From the maple tree we drew our sweet In this new countrj-. "Of deer skins we made moccasins, To wear upon our feet; And checkered shirts we thought no hurt Good company to meet. Was there a visit to be paid, By winter's night or winter's da3% The oxi'n drew our ladies' sleigh « In this new countrj'. " The little thorn bore apples on. When mandrakes they were gone; And sour grapes we used to eat When wintry nights came on. For wintergreen. the girls did stray; For butternuts, boys climbed the trees. And spicewood was our ladies' tea In this new country. "And fifty years, now, have fled. And their scenes have passed awaj'; And since my Avife and I were wed We liave grown old and gray; And as this is our wedding day, Unto our friends we would sa}'. Prepare to meet us in that day In the good country." EARLY RELIGIOUS MATTERS. About 1799, the Presbytery of Transylvania, Ky., was divided into three Presbyteries, viz. : Transylvania, West Lexington and Washington, the latter including all that portion of Ohio west of the Scioto River. Rev. Archibald Steele, a licentiate of Washington Presbytery, and an uncle of Gen. AVilliam B. Irwin, a former well-kuown citizen of Union County, was commissioned HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 299 as a missionary in Southwestern Ohio in the spring of 1799, with authority to visit all new settlements, make out a list of all members of his denomination, whenever they wanted a church, and report to the Presbytery for proper action. An extract from his journal, as follows, shows how and where he found some of the first Presbyterian families in Union County: "Leaving Buck Creek, took the trail for Darby; at 4 o'clock arrived at the house of my old friend Joshua Ewing, where the family, consisting of Joshua and his family, James, his brother, Betsey, his sister, and their aged mother, lived in a new town on the west bank of Big Darby, named North Liberty. " This was in the southeast part of what is now Darby Township. Here 'Mr. Steele organized a Px*esbyterian Church in the fall of 1800, calling it North Liberty. Joshua Ewing and Samuel Kirkpatrick were elected Elders at the organiza- tion of this, the first religious body formed in what now constitutes Union County, and one of the pioneer organizations of the State. But very few families had then settled in the neighborhood, and the membership of this church included most of them. The people lived far apart, and never had a pastor nor stated supply. Neither was a house of worship erected, and in a short time the organization was dissolved by mutual consent. Out of the materials that belonged to it, however, the churches of Upper and Lower Liberty were formed, the former being near what is now Milford Center, and organized in the latter part of 1807 or early in 1808. Rev. Samuel Woods, was the first pastor, from whose tombstone is taken the following: " Rev. Samuel Woods, first pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Upper and Lower Liberty, was installed pastor in this church June 15, 1808, and died April 27, 1815, in the thirty-sixth year of his age." Mr. Woods was born in Cum- berland County, Penn., January 15, 1779, and was a graduate of Dickinson Coll'^ge, at Carlisle, Penn. The first house of worship erected by a religious society in Union County was built by the Presbyterians of Upper Liberty, in 1809. It stood on the line dividing the farms of Rev. S. Woods and Elder Samuel Reed, between the road and the old graveyard. "It was a plain, primitive building of hewn logs, twenty-four feet square. All the materials and mechanical labor were supplied by the membership. It was not necessary to consult an architect and get up plans and specifications and give out the contract to the lowest respon- sible bidder, and then, when dedication day came, report a few thousand as a debt to be removed before the Lord could get the building. But this primi- tive church edifice was for many years without the means of heating; the people, therefore, met during the winter in schoolhouses and private dwell- ings. It was also very plain internally; slabs with rude legs were used for seats. Tradition has it that two or three families in process of time became so aristocratic as to construct backs to their pews, thus showing that at a very early day invidious distinctions will intrude themselves upon a chui'ch." An addition of eighteen feet was made to one side of the old church about 1822- 23, and the building was used until 1834, when a brick structure was erected at Milford Center, and the congregation removed there. The old house stood a 2nile and a half east of the village, on the north side of Darby Creek. A STRANGE RELIGIOUS SECT. Nelson Cone, of Jerome Township, and an old settler of Union County, furnishes the following article under the above head. It was read at the annual meeting of the Union County Pioneers, September 27, 1882: " Early in the winter of 1816-i7. a band of fanatics, calling themselves 'Wandering Pilgi-ims,' came from the East, crossing Darby at Georgesville. At this point, being undecided which course to take, their leader, who was 300 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. styled the Propliet, settled the matter by placing his staff at the forks of the load and allowino- it to drop. It fell along the road leading up stream, which thev then followed to a village on Treacle's Creek, in Union Township, called Ricetown. Here they remained three or fonr weeks, practicing and preach- ino- their peculiar religious rites and doctrines. They were a motley set — men, womeo and children — numbering in all from thirty-six: to forty persons. The men were unshaven and all wei'e uncombed and unwashed, it being a part of their religion to wash neither garment nor person. Each person, old and younc, wore over the back a piece of coarse canvas, representing sack- cloth. A more squalid, filthy- looking set of beings could scarcely be imagined. It was their habit to pass fi'om place to place, begging meal and milk and lodcrino-s wherever night happened to overtake them. Their religion taught them to use neither knife, fork, spoon nor plate, aad they were forbidden to toTTch the lip to cup or vessel out of which a 'Gentile' had ever drank. In preparing food, the meal was first cooked in a large vessel, which was then placed in the center of the room and mixed freely with milk, making a dish which they called ' hasty puddin' .' The company then threw themselves on the fioor about the vessel, reclining in imitation of the apostles, and fed them- selves with the right hand. Meantime the Prophet walked around the group, jabbering an exorcism in what they called an unknown tongue. I remember very distinctly the words, 'yaw, yum, yum, yam, yum, yam,' repeated over ao-ain and ao-ain The devil by this was supposed to be forbidden the sacred circle. Now and then, when meat happened to form part of their i-epast. the old Prophet's exorcism would be interspersed with rapid admonitions. ' Don't eat up all the meat; I don't care nothin' about the puddin'.' Never washing, their hands were of coiu-se black with dirt, except the fingers of the right hand to the knuckle joints, which were kept by the process of eating singularly white and clean. To save themselves from pollution in drinking, they each carried a quill, or wooden tube, with which to suck water from a vessel. In tneir devotion, they would, all of them, utter in concert meaningless jabber, each in the natui-al tone of voice, exclaiming, 'My God. my God. my God, my God,' several times repeated, following and closing with, 'Bah, ba, bah, ba, bah. ba, ba.' From whence they came or whei'e they went, no one seemed to know. Report had it that the Prophet, in trying to walk the waters of the Little Miami soon after, was di'owned. It was said that the wily old pretender had fixed a plank walk just under the sui-face of the water, on which he had made frequent exhibitions of his miraculous powers. One night some one removed one of the planks, and a rain having roiled the water, the Pi'ophet went head- long into the gap and was drowned. " SCHOOLS. It was several years after the first settlements were made in the county before attention was turned to educational matters. The people had been too busily engaged in preparing their homes and clearing the groiiud for cultiva tion. As soon, however, as circumstances would admit, instructors of the youthful mind found employment, and the simple log-cabin in which the school was kept sent smoke from its chimney curling upward through the trees of the forest. The dwellings of the inhabitants were often temporarily used as schoolhouses, and the pedagogue who found himself placed in charge of a troop of backwoods youngsters was welcomed by their parents as a valu- able addition to their little community. He enjoyed all the pleasures of "boarding around," and partook of the homely fare set before him with as keen a relish as any of his entertainers. When a schoolhouse was built, it was of a simple sort so often described — a "rude log structm-e, " with a great HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 301 chimney and a wide fire-place, an opening cut in the logs for a window and stopped with greased paper, which admitted a softened light, slab benches standing on wooden i)egs, a slab desk running around the sides of the room and resting on wooden pins placed in holes bored in the logs. The books used were few and made to do long service: arithmetic was thoroughly known to the more advanced scholars as far as the "single rule of three." or perhaps bevond that, after the "master" had taught them about as far as he knew, and then they were ready to "c^uit school." Reading and writing Avere taught in all schools, and these three formed nearly the sum total of the branches which it was deemed necessary for the pupils to understand. A little later, geography, grammar and other studies were introduced, and step by step, as the times demanded, the schools developed until finally the magnificent system now in use was adopted, and even that has been greatly .unproved since its intro- duction. The first school in Union County was taught in 1812 or 1813, in Darby Township, in a private dwelling near the Mitchell Graveyard, by Alexander Robinson. Abner Chapman taught a schcjol near Plain City, in 1813; this was attended by members of James Robinson's family, from Darby Township. In 1814, a school was taught in a log schoolhouse which stood near the resi- dence of Thomas Robinson, also in Darby Township. Henrietta Millington first presided over this school. As the settlements progressed, schools were organized and schoolhouses erected in various parts of the county, and ex- cellent educational facilities have been enjoyed for many years. County Auditor W. L. Curry, in his last annual report upon the schools, thus writes: " In submitting this annual report, I am happy' to say that the year has nut been without its good results in the schools of this county. Several new and beautiful schooolhouses have been erected during the year, and they are the best exponents of the interest taken by the people in the education of their children; and as a genei'al rule the people who have the enterprise to erect good school buildings employ the best teachers and have the best schools, and the good influence exerted over pupils by having neat, well-arranged schoolhouses and beautiful grounds surrounding cannot be overestimated — to which all good instructors can give ready testimony. Our country school- houses are not as well equipped for the work of teaching with a supply of apparatus, such as maps, charts and globes, as they should be, but there is a gradual improvement in that direction. It has been the aim of our Board of Examiners for the last few years to raise the standard of teachers' qualifica- tions, and I am glad to report that their efforts in that direction have not been entirely futile, for it is now scarcely possible for an incompetent teacher to procure a certificate even of the lowest gi-ade, and they are zealously sustained in their course by the best teachers and intelligence of the county. "The salaries paid teachers in this county will compare favorably with our sister counties, yet there is a vast difference in the wages paid teachers in the several townships within the county, and as a consequence the best salaries always draw the best teachers. The Teachers' Institute was well attended this year [1882], there being 122 teachers enrolled. The Institute is one of the best helps, especially to the young and inexperienced teachers, and all felt this year that their time and money were well spent. The educational depart- ment introduced two years ago in our county fair is gradually growing in favor, and the exhibition this year was much better than last. Premiums were awarded as follows: First — Examination papers Second — Letter writing. Third — Book-keeping. 302 . . HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Fourth — Map drawing. Fifth — Specimen drawing. S ixth — Dechxmation . Seventh — Essay writing. Eighth — School showing greatest number of visitors. Ninth — Daily programme. Tenth — Geological collections and Indian relics. Eleventh — Best collection of grasses. Twelfth — Best collection of postage stamps. Thirteenth — Best collection of pressed Howers. Fourteenth — Best specimens stiitfed. Fifteenth — Best specimen painting. " The graded schools of oui- county have done much to promote emulation with our better class of teachers. The interest in the graded schools of Marys- ville and liichwood has been fully maintained during the past year. The public rhetorical exercises given semi-monthly in the hall of the Mary.Bville schools, by the pupils of the several grades, continue to be very popular and draw crowded houses. During the past year the pupils of the several grades have studied some particular author, which had been previously assigned, and the subjects for essays, etc., related to the author, and the selections for declamation were selected from the writings of the author. These studies have proven very profitable to the pupils, giving them a considerable knowl- edge of the literature of our language, and the methods pursued seem to be at least a partial solution of the vexed question, ' How shall young people be taught to read f The entertainments have been of a high character, and have also been very interesting and pleasant. " There Jaas been no very startling improvement in the reports of Town- ship Clerks, as in many instances I am compelled to wi'ite for the report of the Board of Education and the enumeration report, and then in some cases the balances do not correspond with the balances of their own Township Treasurers and the books of the Auditor; and this is one of the evils of so often chancving Clerks. But thus will it ever be until we have some kind of supervision." UNION COUNTY IN 1837. The following description of Union County appears in the Ohio Gazet- teer, compiled by Warren Jenkins, and published in Columbus by Isaac N. Whiting, in 1837: " Union, an interior county, bounded on the north by Hardin and Marion, east by Delaware, south by Madison and Franklin, and on the west by Champaign and Logan Counties. It is twenty -seven miles long from north to south, and eighteen broad from east to west, containing 450 square miles.* It is divided into the eleven townships of Allen, Claibourne, Darby, Jackson, Jerome, Leesburg, Liberty, Mill Creek, Paris, Union and "York. It has five post offices, viz. : Coberleys, Darby Creek, Marysville, Milford Center, Kich- wood. It also contains the towns ol Marysville, the county seat. Milford and liichwood. It is watered by Darby, Mill, Boke's and Rush Creeks, all of which rise in Logan County and run into the Scioto River, affording sufficient water- power for mills a considerable part of the season. The land adjacent to these streams is generally very fertile and pleasant; but it is supj)Osed that not more than one-eighth part is under cultivation. The face of the country is generally level, interspersed with gentle slopes or ridges, admirably adapted to grazing. Of the different religious denominations in the county, * Overestiuiiitcil, jis seen by figures elsewhere in this volume. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 303 the Methodists are believed to be the most numerous; but the Presbyterians and Unitarians are thouglit to be nearly equal to them. There are also some Baptists, Seceders, etc. " The county was organized in the year 1820, but the settlement com- menced in what is now Union County m the year 1799. The names of the settlejs were George Reed, Samuel Reed, Samuel Kirkpatrick, Samuel Mitch- ell, David Mitchell, his brother, Joshua Ewing, James Ewing, ]\[a brother. They purchased their lands of Lucas SuUivant. formerly a great landholder, in the year 1797, on Darby Croek. They were all natives of Pennsylvania. In 1801 or 1802, several other persons emigrated from Pennsylvania, among whom were Samuel Reed (brother to the above-mentioned George Reed), William, Richard and John Gabriel, brothers — the two last named were twins — all pui'chased their lands of said Sullivant. Population at the last census [year 1830J, 3,192." MISCELLANEOUS. Among the papers belonging to Richard Gabriel, who was County Clerk in 1822, were found old documents of which the following are copies: To THE Clerk op Union County, State of Ohio: Sir — Please to accommodate the bearer, Michael S. Wood, with license to marry with our daughter, Eliza Thayer. As we believe all parties are agreed to the match, we send vou these lines. So doing, you will oblige, yours, etc., etc., Uriah Wood, Robert Dodge, Dimes Wood, Mercy Dodge. Derby Township, July the 12th, 1822. You, Daniel Black, do solemnly swear in the presence of Almighty God, that the scalp now produced by you is the scalp of a wolf that was killed or taken in this county, by you, within twenty days last past, and you verily believe the same to be over the age of six months, and that you have not spared the life of any bilch-wolf in your power to kill, with design to increase the breed. His Daniel X Black. mark. You do, William Cummins, solemnly swear that the scalp now produced by you is the scalp of a wolf that was taken and killed by you within this county within tw^enty days last past, and you verily believe the same to be over the age of six months, and that you have not spared the life of any she wolf in your power to kill, with design to increase the breed. William Cummins. Attest: Richard Gabriel, Clerk. In the year 1870, there were in Union County on the 1st of June, 331 people of the age of seventy years or over, distributed among the several townships as follows: Jerome, 22; Paris, 55; Darby, 16; Allen, 25; Union, 30; Mill Creek, 18; Claiboui-ne, 34; Taylor, 22; York, 19; AVashington, 6; Jackson, 16; Dover, 17; Leesburg, 24; Liberty, 27. The following is a copy of a militaiy commission issued by Gov. Thomas Corwin, in 1841, the man to whom it was given having been a resident physician in Union Township, Union County: In the Name and by the Authority of the State op Ohio. j COAT OP ARMS | Thomas Corwin, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of said State, ( OF OHIO. y to David H. Silver, greeting: It appearing to me that you are dul}^ appointed, on the twentieth day of June, 1841, Surgeon of the First Regiment of Infantry, Fourth Brigade and Thirteenth Division, in the militia of this State: Now knoio you, That, by the power vested in me by the constitution and laws of said State, and reposing special trust and confidence in your courage, activity, fidelity and good conduct, I do, by these presents, commission you as Surgeon of said regiment; and hereby authorizing and requiring you to discharge, all and singular, the duties and services apper- taining to 3'our said office, agreeably to law, and to obey such instructions as you shall, from time to time, receive from your superior officer. 304 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my name, and caused the Great Seal of the State of Oliio to be affixed, at Cokunbus, the fourth day of" June, in the [state seal] year of our Lord one thousand eight luindred and fortj'-one, and in the sixty-sixth year of the independence of the United States of America. Thomas Corwin. . By the Governor: J. Sloane, Ser.retary of State. State op Ohio, Union County, ss. Before the subscriber, William Orr, Colonel of First Infantry Regiment, Fourth Bri- gade, Thirteenth Division, Ohio Militia, in and for said county. Personally came the with- in named D. H. Silver, who, being duly sworn according to law, did promise to support the constitution of the United States and the constitution of the Stale of Ohio, and to dis- charge with fidelity the duties belonging to Surgeon of said regiment. As witness my hand this 9th day of August, in the year 1842. William Oru, Colonel. CHAPTER V. CIVIL ORGAXIZATIOX OF UXIOX COUXTY. Its Pkdigree— Act Organizing and Facts Connected Therewith— Its DirisiON into Townships— Location of the County Seat- County Buildings. IT is interesting to trace the line of descent of the county of Union. By careful research it is ascertained that the territory now included within its boundary lines formed portions of nine, and perhaps ten, different counties be- fore it was finally set off as Union. The first two counties organized in the Northwest Territory were in that portion now forming the State of Ohio. Washington County, erected by proclamation of Gov. Arthur St. Clair, July 27, 1788, included all that portion east of a line passing from the mouth • of the Cuyahoga River, up that stream to the portage between it and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum; thence across the portage and down the Tuscarawas to the site of old Fort Laurens, at the north boundary of what is now Tuscarawas County; thence west tm a line identical with the subsequent Greenville treaty line to the Sc-ioto River, and down that stream to the Ohio. It is thus seen that the county of Washington as originally formed included about half of the present State of Ohio. Hamilton County was next organized, by the same authority, and included the region between the Miamis as far north as a line drawn due east from the standing stone fork of the Great Miami to the Little Miami; this was January 2, 1790. There is nothing to show that its limits were ever extended to the eastward, yet in the description of Wayne County, as formed by proclamation of Gov. St. Clair, August 15, 1796, it would seem that Hamilton had been extended to the Scioto; if so, it included what is now Union County, and from that date (1790) should begin the exis- tence of an organized county of which Union formed a part. Wayne County, organized at the date above given, undoubtedly included the norbhern portion of Union, as the description will show: "Beginning at the mouth of Cuya- hoga River upon Lake Erie, and with the said river to the portage between it and the Tuscarawas branch of the Muskingum; thence down the said branch to the forks at the crossing place above Fort Laurens; thence by a west line to the east boundary of Hamilton County, which is a due north line from the lower Shawnee [Shawanese] Town upon the Scioto River*; thence by a line *Thia town was a short distance below what is now Circleville, Pickaway Co., Ohio. A due north line from that poiat would pass considerably to the east of Union County. ^^' f^ ..^>M^'X^''^y^- ■ ...-^ < '■ ' •^-.. 'A:^3^^i."Jmm^^.^.^ First Union Countt Court House &Jaii built at Milford. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 307 west -northerly to the south part of portage between the Miamis of Ohio and the St. Mary's Rivers; thence by a line also west-northerly to the southwestern part of the portage between the AVabash and Miamis of Lake Erie, where Fort Wayne now stands; thence by a line west-northerly to the south part of Lake Michigan; thence along the western shores of the same to the northwest part thereof, including lands upon the streams emptying into said lake; thence l3y a due north line to the ten'itorial boundary in Lake Superior, and with the said boundary through Lakes Huron, St. Clair and Erie, to the mouth of Cuyahoga River, the place of beginning." This was the most extensive county formed in the Northwest Territory. After the treaty of Greenville, the limits of Hamil- ton County were extended westward to the boundary line designated by that treaty, which extended from Fort Recovery, in what is now Mercer County, Ohio, directly to the Ohio River at a point opposite the mouth of the Ken- tucky River. The seat of justice for "Washington County was at Marietta; for Hamilton County at Cincinnati, and for Wayne County at Detroit, and these conditions remain unchanged to the present, except in the extent of territory in each county. July 10, 1797, St. Clair issued a proclamation forming another county, and calling it Adams, the boundaries of which were as follows, and, as seen by noting them carefully, included nearly the whole of Union County: "Begin- ning upon the Ohio River, at the upper b(jundary of that tract of twenty four thousand acres of land, granted unto the French inhabitants of Gallipolis by an act of the Congi-ess of the United States bearing date the 3d of March, 1795; thence down the said Ohio River to the mouth of Elk River (generally known by the name of Eagle Creek*), and up with the in-incii:)al water of the said Elk River or Eagle Creek, to its source or head; thence by a due north line to the south- ern boundary of Wayne County, and easterly along said boundary so far that a due south line shall meet with the interior point of the upper boundary of the aforesaid tract of land of twenty-four thousand acres, and with the said boundary to the place of beginning." The counties thus far mentioned were organized before the soimd of the settler's ax had echoed in the forests of Union County. The next county, Ross, was organized in the same year settlements were begun here — August 20, 1798, and was the last one under Territorial government. Its boundaries were de- scribed as follows: "Beginning at the forty-second mile tree, on the line of the original grant of land by the United States to the Ohio Company, which line was run by Israel Ludlow, and running from thence east until it shall in- tersect a line to be drawn due north from the mouth of Elk River (commonly called Eagle Creek); and from the p:)int of intersection running noi'th to the southern boundary of the county of Wayne, and from thence easterly, with the said boundary of Wayne, until a north line to be drawn from the place of beginning shall intersect the same; and if it should be found that a north line, drawn from the place of beginning, will not intersect the southern bound- ary of Wayne, then an east line is to be drawn from the eastern termination of the said boundary, until it shall intersect the aforesaid north line to be drawn from the place of beginning." Ross County included a large part of Adams, with all the portion thereof embracing most of what is Union County. March 24, 1803, Greene County was erected by act of the State Legisla- ture, from parts of Hamilton and Ross, and possibly included a narrow strip on the west side of Union. The following were its boundaries: "Beginning at the southeast corner of the county of Montgomery;! running thence east to ''' This stream enters the Ohio in what is now Brown County, a short distance above Ripley, and is generally known on the maps and by the people o.' that region as Eagle Creek. t Formed by the same act from a part of Hamilton, as were also Butler and Warren. 308 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Ross County line, and the said course continued eight miles into the said coun- ty of Ross; thence north to the State line; thence westwardly with the same to the east line of Montgomery County; thence bounded by the said line of Mont- gomery to the beginning." A few days later, March 30, 1803, Franklin County was formed as follows, including a considerable portion of Union: " Beginning on the western bound- ary of the twentieth range of townships east of the Scioto River at the cor- ner of Sections number twenty-four and twenty-five in the ninth township of the twenty-first Range surveyed by John Matthews; thence west until it intersects the eastern boundary line of Greene County; thence north with said line until it in- tersects the State line; thence eastwardly with the said line to the northwest cor- ner of Fairfield County; thence with the western boundary line of Fairfield to the place of beginning." The county of Fairfield at that time extended north to the Statp line. February 20, 1805, the western portion of what is now Union County became a part of Champaign, the latter county being created that day including the following territory: "Beginning where the range line between the eighth and ninth ranges, between the Great and Little Miami, intersects the eastern boundary of the county of Montgomery; thence east to the eastern boundary of the county of Greene, and to continue six miles in the county of Franklin; thence north to the State line; thence west with said line until it in- tersects the said eastern boundary of the county of Montgomery; thence to the place of beginning." Delaware County was formed February 10, 1808, and embraced a large portion of Union. It was bounded thus: " Beginning at the southeast corner of township number three, in the sixteenth range of the United States military district; thence west, with the line between the second and third tier of town- ships, to the Scioto River, and continued west to the east boundary of Cham- paign County; thence, with the said boundary, north to the Indian boundary line; thence eastwardly, with said line, to the point where the north and south line between the fifteenth and sixteenth ranges of the said United States mil- itary district intersects the same- thence south, with the said last mentioned line, to the place of beginning." By an act of February 17, 1809, all that part of Franklin County lying north of Delaware was attached to the latter. February 16, 1810, Madison County was formed, " beginning at the south- • west corner of Delaware County, thence east, with the south boundary of the said county line, to a point that a line running due south will be the distance of twelve and one-half miles west of the county seat of Franklin County; thence on a straight line, to the northwest corner of the county of Pickaway; thence with said line south until it intersects the line of Ross County; thence west with said line, to the line of Greene County; thence north with the line of Greene to Champaign County line; thence with Champaign line to place of beo-innino-. " The limits included the southern part of what is now Union County. Next in order was Logan County, formed December 30, 1817, with the fol- lowing boundaries: " Beginning on the east line of Miami County, between sections number thirty-three and thirty-four in the third township, thir- teenth range, and running east twelve miles, with the sectional line between the third and. fourth tier of sections; thence south one mile; thence with the sectional line between the second and third tier of sections m said range, to the line between the United States and Vir- ginia military land, and thence east to the line of Champaign County; thence north with said line to ttie Indian boundary line; thence west to a point so that a line drawn from said point due south will strike the Indian bound- ary line at a point where the line between the counties of Miami and Cham- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 309 paign strikes said line; thence south, with said line, between the counties of Miami and Champaign, to the place of beginning; and also including the United States reservation at the rapids of the Miami of the Lake." Logan County, as thus formed, inclvided a strip ofif the west side of Union, running north from Champaign. James Curry, whose home was in Jerome Township, then a portion of Mad- ison County, was the Representative in the Legislature, in the session of 1819-20, from the district in which that county was included, and through his efforts an act was passed January 10. 1820, entitled, "An act to erect the county of Union." The text of this act is as follows: Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., that so much of the counties of Delaware, Franklin, Madison and Logan, and also so much of the territory within the limits of this State laying north of tlie old Indian boundary line as comes within the following boundaries, be and the same is hereby erected into a separate and distinct county, which shall be known by the name of the county of Union, to wit : Beginning on the north boundary line of Delaware County, on that part known by the name of the Old Indian or Greeu- ville hne, at a point three miles west of the Scioto River ; thence due south fifteen miles ; thence east four miles ; thence south unto the north boundary of Franklin County ; thence south two and one-half miles into Franklin County ; thence west to the east boundary of Madison County, and to continue west unto the "east boundary of Champaign County ; thence north to the northeast corner of said county ; thence west three miles ; thence north so far that a line due east will strike a point three miles north of the beginning ; thence south to the said place of beginning. Sec. 2. That all suits or actions, whether of a civil or criminal nature, which shall be pending, and all crimes which shall have been committed within the limits of those parts of Delaware, Franklin, Madison and Logan Counties, so to be set off and erected into a new county previous to the organization of the said county of Union, shall be prosecuted to final judgment and execution in the counties aforesaid, in the same manner as they would have been if no such division liad taken place ; and the Sheriffs, Coroners and Constables of the counties aforesaid shall execute all such process as shall be neces- sary to carry into effect such suits, prosecutions and judgments ; and the collectors of taxes for the aforesaid counties shall collect all such taxes as shall have been levied and unpaid within the above described parts of the counties of Delaware, Franklin, Madison and Logan, previous to the taking effect of this act. Sec 3. That all Justices of "the Peace within those parts of the counties aforesaid, which by this act shall be erected into a new county, shall continue to exercise the duties of their respective offices until the term of their service expires, in the same manner as if they had been commissioned for the said county of Union. Sec 4. That the electors within the fractional townships that may be set off by the erection of the county of Union shall elect in the next adjoining township. Sec 5. That on the first Monday of April next the legal electors residing within the county of Union shall assemble within their respective townships, at the usual places of holding elections, and shall proceed to elect their usual county and township officers, who shall hold their several offices until the next annual election. Sec 6. That courts of the said county of Union shall be holden in the village of Milford until the permanent seat of justice is established for the said county of Union. Sec 7. That Commissioners shall be appointed, agreeably to the provisions of an act entitled, "An act establishing seats of justice," to fix upon a permanent seat of jus- tice for said county of Union, and make report thereof to the next Court of Common Pleas to be holden in and for said county, agreeably to the provisions of the above recited act ; and the Commissioners aforesaid shall receive a compensation for their services out of the treasury of the said county of Union. Sec 8. That so much of the territory lying north of the county of Logan as is con- tained within the following boundaries, to wit : Beginning at the northeast corner of Logan County, thence running north five miles; thence west to a point from which a south line will strike the northwest corner of said county ; thence south to said corner ; thence east with the line to the beginning, shall be and it is hereby attached to the county of Logan, and shall hereafter fonu a part of said county. Sec 9. That so much of the county of Franklin as lays within the following boundary, to wit: Beginning on the line between the counties of Franklin and Madison, at a point two and one-half miles south of the north boundary of said counties ; thence east two niiles ; thence south four miles; thence w^est two miles ; thence north to the place of be- ginning, be attached to and hereafter considered a part of the county of Madison. This act shall be in force from and after the first day of x\pril next. February 12, 1820, an act was passed erecting fourteen counties out of "all that part of the lands lately ceded by the Indians to the United States, 310 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. which lies within this State." These caiinties were Van Wert, Mercer, Put- nam, Allen, Hancock, Hardin. Crawford, Marion, Seneca, Sandusky, Wood, Henrv. Paulding and Williams. February 4, 1825, the Legislature passed an act authorizing William Wilson, of Clark County, to run the line between Madison and Union Counties, commencing at the soiitheast corner of the lat- ter and running due west to the line of Champaign County. He was to re- ceive $3 per day and the markers and chain-carriers 75 cents per day for the time necessarily employed in such survey. January 29, 1827, another act au- thorized Jeremiah McLene, of Franklin County, to run said line, beginning at the same place and running in a direct line so as to strike a point in the eastern boundary of Champaign County, two and one-half miles south of the line formerly run between the counties of Delaware and Madison. The same compensation was allowed as by the previous act. January 18, 1828, an act was passed establishing the line between Madison and Union Counties accord- ing to the survey made by Levi Phelps in 1820. February 4, 1828, another act authorized Silas G Strong, of Union County, and James Eaton, of Dela- ware, to locate and establish the line between those two counties. Mr. Eaton was a very careful engineer, but used the magnetic needle, and as a conse- quence the line was somewhat crooked. In 1881, the permanent line between these two counties was run by F. J. Sager, Surveyor of Union County, and stone monuments were set at prominent stations; a transit instrument was used, which insured accuracy. The survey was made by Mr. Sager, as being best qualitied to do the work, although the adjoining counties in this and other in- stances shared the expenses and appointed men to assist in the matter. Mr. Sager was one of five persons who organized the State Association of County Surveyors in 1879, and is the present Chairman of the Association. The permanent line between the counties of Union and Logan was sur- veyed in 1876, the surveyors making their report to the Commissioners, March 8, 1877. They were F. J. Sag^r, of Union, and W. H. McCormick. of Logan, and their report is tiled in Vol. XVI, Law Record, Union County Clerk's office, pp. 1-9, with opinion of attorney in the case. The total length of the line as run was 102,130 feet, or about 19^ miles. Stone monuments were planted at all important points. When the line between Union and Delaware Counties was I'un, in 1881, it was found that the official survey of 1828 was far from being on a straight line, as called for by the act creating the county, and, by order of the Coiumis- sioners of the two counties jointly, it was established on a slightly dififerent course, being straightened somewhat. The " 15-mile line" (soitth from the Greenville treaty line) is straight from the northwest corner of Delaware Coun- ty to a point in the south side of the lands of William Peet, recognized as the county line; thence straight to the point recognized as the county line at the Delaware and Bellefontaine road on the south side of Boke's Creek; thence straight to the south end of said 15 mile line. The 4-mile line was run straight as nearly as possible to the old line, and the 7-mile line the same. The var- iation in the old 15-mile line was probably attributable to local influences upon the magnetic needle in the survey of 1828. The first angle in this line is 910 rods south of the place of beginning, the point being 194,80 feet west of a straight line which would connect the two ends of said 15-mile line, the bearing being S. ' 30' W. ; thence S. 1° 2' E. to the south end of said line; thence N. 89' 28' E. to the east eud of the 4-mile line; thence S. 1° 22' E. to the south end of the 7 mile line. Sandstone monuments three feet with six inch dressed faces were set at prominent points on the line. The sm-vey of the line between Union County and the counties of Marion and Hardin was made by F. J. Sager, of Union, W. H. Brown, of Hardin, and HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 311 Isaac Young, of Marion, beginning May 26, 1879. They could find no re- corded evidence that the north line of Union County had ever been run, but found some evidence in the field. The point on the Greenville treaty line at the east boundary of the county designated as three miles west of the Scioto River, is actually three miles and sixteen rods. The line thence north to the northeast corner of the county was well marked, yet there was no trace of said corner ever having been marked, nor could any evidence be found to show where it was. The north boundary was found by examination to have been nowhere near straight as formerly surveyed, varying in places from a due east and west line as much as twenty rods. The surveyors established the north- east corner of Union County and marked it with a stone monument, planting similar monuments at other prominent points along the line. The distance from the Greenville treaty line north to the county corner is three miles and three and forty-eight hundredths rods long. The northern boundary was run, per order, from the established northeast corner to a point twenty-five feet north of the floor of the bridge across Kush Creek on the Marysville & Ken- ton State road, in a direct course, continuing in the same course to the north- west corner of the county, which was established and a stone monument set 117 rods south of the northeast corner of Logan County. Total length of north boundary, 4,589.06 rods. The west boundary of Union County has not yet been permanently fixed, although probably very little change would be made in it should the Commissioners order a new survey to be made. SUBDIVISION OF THE COUNTY INTO TOWNSHIPS. May 10, 1803, at a meeting of the Associate Judges of the Common Pleas Court of Franklin County, then newly formed and including a portion of what is now Union County, it was ^'■Ordered, That the lands contained within the following boundaries, to- wit: Beginning on the west bank of the Scioto River, one mile, on a direct line, above the mouth of Roaring Run; from thence, in a direct line, to the junction of Treacle's Creek with Darby Creek, which is frequently called the Forks of Darby; thence south unto the line be- tween the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence west with said line until it intersects the county line of Greene; thence with the last-mentioned line aorth, and from the point of beginning up the Scioto, to the northern boundary of Franklin County, do make and constitute the second township in said county, and be called Darby Township. ^'Ordered, That in Darby Township there be elected one Justice of the Peace, and that the electors of said township hold their election for that pur- pose at the house of David Mitchell, in said township, on the 21st day of June next." Joshua Ewing was elected to the ofiice at the date specified. Franklin Township was formed at the same time with Darby, and included "all that part of Franklin County contained within the following limits, to wit: Be- ginning at the forks of Darby Creek, that is, at the junction of what is called Treacle's Creek with Darby; running thence south to the line between the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence east with said line until it intersects the Scioto River; thence up the same until it comes to a point one mile on a straight line, above the mouth of Roaring Run, and from thence to the point of beginning." An election for two Justices of the Peace was ordered to be held at Franklinton, the temporary seat of justice of Franklin County, and Zach- ariah Stephen and James Marshall were chosen to fill the offices. The point designated as "one mile on a direct line, above the mouth of Roaring Run," was a little south of the present town of Dublin, Franklin County, the stream being now known as Hay den's Run. The spot is referred to in Mar- 312 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. tin's History of Franklin County, 1858, page 19. It is seen from the description that Franklin Township included a stri]) off the south end of the territory now included in Union County, while Darby Township lay to the north and west. When Union County was organized, in 1820, its three subdivisions were the townships of Union, Darby and Mill Creek. At a meeting of the Board of Commissioners of Union County, on the 12th day of March, 1821, it was ^^ Agreed, That the county of Union be divided into townships as follows: Be- ginning at the southwest corner of Union County, running east live and one- half miles; thence north six miles; thence west three miles; thence north to the north boundary of Union County; all west to be Union Township. Sec- ond township: Beginning at the southeast corner of Union Township, running five and one-half miles east; thence north six miles; thence west to the north- east corner of Union, to be Darby Township. Third township: Beginning at the northeast corner of Darby; thence east to the east line of Union County, all south to be known by the name of Gerome [Jerome]. Fourth township: Begin- ning at the northeast corner of Darby, running west three and one-half miles; thence north to the north boundary cf said county, all west to the line of Union Township to be known by the name of Paris. Fifth township: All east of Paris to the east boundary of said county to be known by the name of Mill Creek. Ordered by the Board, That notice shall be given by advertisements to the electors of Paris Township to meet on the tirst Monday of Aprile at the house of Abriham Emrine [Abraham AmrineJ, for the purpose of electing township officers. Likewise, that notice shall be given to the electors of the township of Gerome to meet on the first Monday of Aprile at the house of Aaron Tawsey, for the purpose of electing township oflficers. " On the first Monday in June, 1822, the Union County Commissioners or- ganized the townshii) of Libertv, with the following^ boundaries: Beffinnino- at the southwest corner of Paris Township, thence west to the county line; thence north to the north boundary of said county; thence east to the west boundary of Paris Township; thence with said line to the beginning. Leesbm-g Township was next organized, in 1825, but a careful search of the Commissioners' records reveals nothing to show the amount of territory it originally included. June 5, 1827, Allen Township was set ofi" from the south end of Liberty, and an order for the election of officers was granted the following day by the Commissioners, said election to be held June 23, 1827, at "William Milligan's. Jackson Township was formed March 3, 1820, from the north end of Lees- burg March 4, 1833, an order was issued for the formation of Claibourne Town- ship, from the south part of Jackson; but for some reason the organization was not completed under the first order, and a new one was issued March 5, 1831, at which date the civil histoi'}' of the township begins. York Township was set ofi" December 3, 1833, from the north end of Lib- erty, before the organization of Claibourne was fully effected, June 9, 1836, a new township called "Washington was formed from that part of York Township lying north of the Greenville treaty line. An order was issued by the County Commissioners on the 5th of March, 1839, for the organization of Dover Township, and the election of officers therein, but no boundaries are shown on the recoi-d, probably from their not having been transcribed from the petition asking for the formation of said township. December 3, 1819, a petition was presented to the Commissioners for the formation of a new township from portions of Leesburg, Liberty and York. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 313 A remonstrance against any further division of York Township was received at the same time, and both were laid over for further action. On the morning of December 5, 1849, the board agreed unanimously to erect the new town- ship, and gave it the name of Taylor. This was the last one organized in the county, making the total number fourteen, as at present. There have been various slight changes in the boundaries of the several townships, but none that have materially increased or reduced their area. LOCATION OF THE COUNTY SEAT. Agreeably to the act erecting the county of Union, the following joint resolution was passed by the Legislature on the 25th of February, 1820. It is found on page 140 of Vol. XVIII, Laws of Ohio: Resolced by tJie General Assemhly of the State of Ohio, That Stephen Bell, of the coun- ty of Greene, Reuben Wallace, of the county of Clark, and John Huston, of Newark, in the county of Licking, be and they are herebj^ appointed Commissioners to fix the seat of justice in the county of Union. These Commissioners were required to make their report to the " next Court of Common Pleas" for Union County, and doubtless did so, but there is nothing upon the records to show such was the case. Mention of Marysville as the county seat, on the pages of the court record, is found under date of May 15, 1821, when it was " ordered that David Comer be paid SI. 50 per day as Director of the town of Marysville, the sent of justice of this county." Mr. Comer had been appointed to the position of Director on the 10th of July, 1820. Matters concerning the sale of lots, etc., will be found in the historical sketch of Marysville in this volume. VILLAGE PLATS. The first town plat laid in the county was North Liberty, by Lucas Sulli- vant, in 1797, as mentioned elsewhere. The others, in their regular order, are as follows, as shown by the records in the office of the County Recorder: Milford — George Reed, proprietor; acknowledged before Thomas Mc- Donald, J. P., April 8, 1816; is now the oldest town existing in the county and is thus described on the original plat: "A town by the name of Milford, laid off and surveyed for George Reed on a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Delaware, Union Township, and State of Ohio, on the south side of the Big Darby, near George Reed's Mill— No. 3,016, originally entered in the name of Levin Jones, sold to Alexander Carr, and patented in the name of George Reed and Robert Grant under a decree of a Court of Chan- cery held in Franklin County and State aforesaid. The above town is com- posed of streets, alleys, and forty lots named and numbered as follows," etc. Marysville, the county seat, fully described elsewhere, was laid out Au- gust 10, 1819, by Samuel Culbertson. Richwood, in Claibourne Township, was laid out August 8, 9, and 10, 1832, by Philip Plumber, the survey being made by Levi Phelps. The town is on the Pelham Survey, No. 6307, which was long known as the "rich woods." In the description of the plat, the following varieties of timber are named as abounding in the immediate vicinity: Beech, blue, black and gray ash, hack- berry, or hoop ash. mulberry, wild cherry, black walnut, white walnut, white oak, red oak, buckeye, or horse chestnut, honey locust, linden tree, coffee tree, a species of mahogany, hickory, red and white elm, hard and soft maple, box elder and dogwood, with a "copse wood" of spice brush, prickly ash, burn- ing bush, grape vine, bladder bush, bramble; the herbage was mostly maiden hair, pea vine, yellow root, ginseng, Indian madder, etc. Kingsville, in Liberty Township; surveyed for Samuel King, proprietor. 314 HISTOHY or INU>\ OOINTV. SoptiMulun- *Jt>. lS3k by Lovi Pholps; thirtoon lots on Stato vo:\d loiuWui^ from Cartor's sottlomont to Garwood's Mills. Smuuioi"svilK\ York Township: sui'voyod for ,K^hn Johnson and othors by Lovi rholps; orii^inal plat oontainod forlv-oiubt lots: rooovdod Aui^ust 11. Watkius. Mill Civek Township: laid out by William (.'onklon and Thomas r. Watkins {tho lattor ropvosoutod by his attornoy. .losoph 8. Watkins). ou Pandridojo's Survey, No. 1.807. ou " ivad to Soioto Hivor." tluly I'J. iSoS; lots muuborod from ono to twonty-oioflit. Arbola. ^^"ashin«xtou Township; forty-tivo lot^s and a public squar<\ by Marquis L. Osborno. July 'Jo. 1S3S: this town is uot now in oxistonco. Xowton. Liberty Township: survoyotl for tho proprietor. David Paul, by Levi Phelps. Auijust 'Jo. iSoS: twenty-live lot*; plat resurveyed for Nathaniel and ^Melissa Kaymond. twenty-three lots. February 1. .1839. Hainesville. AVashingtou Township: twenty-one lots and a pnblie sipiare. near present site of Bvhalia: laid out bv Jonathan Haines. September -4, 1S8S. York Center. York Township; nineteen lots, surveyed by Levi Phelps. June 14. 1841: i\ame of pixiprietor not i^fivei^ in deseriptioi\ of plat ; new smvey made for GreiXi">ry Stormes. October 81, 1800 Frankfort. Jerome Township: original town, eonsistitii:; of forty lots, laid out by Gtxtrixe Heusel. Amos Beach. Henry Beach and Willijuu H. Case: sur- veyed by AVilliam B. Irwin. April 1. 184(): place formerly known as " ]>eaoh Town.'" * Unionville, Darby Township: lifteeu lots; total area of ]^lat. TiJ acres; laid out by John. Frederick and Pavid S:ii;er. and surveyed l\v \\ illiam B. Irwin, February 8. 1847. PharisburiX. Leesburij Townshi[->: Allen Pharis. proprietor, as administrator of estate of Robert Pharis. deceased; plat included forty-tive lots, coverino^ a little over ton acres, at the junction of the Bellefoutaiue and ^Marion roads — localitv formerlv known as " Scott's Cross Roads;" surveyed bv William B. Ii-wiu,"july "J 1.* 1847. New California. Jerome Township: twenty-seven lots: name oi pmprietor not given ou plat: surveyed August 'J7. l8o8, by William B. Irwin. Dover. Dover Townshi}^; surveyed by AVilliam B. Irwin; William Richey Adam Richey, Thomas Aj^iu and B. F. Benton. {n-o}n'ietors, ^[ay 11. I8r>l. Additions to Plain City. Jerome Townshijv made by Edward W. Barlow. April 'J8. l8o9. and Charles Amaun. July *J(\ 1875. ]Main town in ]\Iadisou County. Union Center. Taylor Township; laid out November i>, and December 17 and IS, 1863, on a part of survey 8'J\\ by H. P. Gofi", Hiram Danforth, Ira A. Bobbins and Chm'les J. Sayer: included P>\"VV Jnn-es a short distance east of present site of Broadway; now out of existence. Broadway. Taylor Township; laid out August lo and \(\ 1805. by Z. C. Pooler and Leonard Richey. and surveyed l\v A. S. ^Mowry. who gave the town its nanu>. Pottersburg. Allen Township: twenty-four lots laid out ^lay 18. 18(V,), by David A. Williams and George F. Bennett. Peoria. Libertv Township; twenty-eight lots; j^latted bv Joseph K. Rich- ey. June -JO, 1870. ' Magnetic Springs, Leesburg Township; tifty in- lots and blocks A. B. C, D and E; laid out November 'J4 and 'J5, 1879. on Survey 8, 090. by Duncan McLean and J. E. Newhor.se; locality usually known as Green Bend. Claiboui'ne. Claibom*ne Township; thirtv-uiue lots on Survev 0,107; laid out bv AVilliam JollitY. Jr.. March 14. 1881. 3"? Union County Court House, buiit at IVlARYSviiLh,A.D.I838 8fT0RN mm \m. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 317 Homer, in Union Township, and Essex, in Jackson Township, are two villages of which we have not the dates of platting. Essex was laid out on Ensh Creek, on part of Survey No. 9,922, on the State road from Columbus to Kenton. It consisted of forty lots, and was surveyed by William C. Lawrenc«> Deputy County Surveyor. Homer was laid out at an early date by Elisha Reynolds, on parts of Surveys 7,789 and 4,946, on Little Darby Creek, on the county road running on the line between the two surveys. It had thirty-live lots, and was for some time a village of considerable importance, but is among the places now on the list of those that have seen better days. COURT HOUSES. Union County could not boast of a court house until subsequent to 1822, and the first building ol the kind erected was a frame structure which stood on the south side of East Center street, on the ^ast side of the alley between Center and East streets.* This was in use a number of years. March 5, 1834, James Herd, William B. Irwin and David Galland, Com- missioners, ordered " that a notice be put up by the Auditor that a proposal will be received at their session in June next for making and laying into the walls of a court house fi'om one hundred to one hundred and fifty thousand bricks, to be completed by the 1st day of August, 1835; the bricks to be 9 inches long. 4^ inches wide, and 2^ inches thick after being burnt; the bricks are to be of the first quality, and computed in the walls, the doors and win- dows to be reckoned in the count; the walls to be two lengths of a brick thick, all but the gable end and partition." June 6, 1834, the Commissioners agreed to levy 2^ mills tax per dollar on the gi'and levy, for the purpose of building a coui't house, 3i mills for county expenses, and 2 mills for road purposes. On the 30th of the same month, they examined bids for brick, and awarded the contract for building the walls of the court house to Harvey Ward, his proposals being the lowest and best. December 12, 1834, the Commissioners met to form a definite plan for a court house, and Levi Phelps was ordered to procure a draft, also the advice of competent judges, as to the best manner of laying ofi" the court house — " whether the court room shall be formed on the first or second floor, and also for placing the jmy rooms; also the height of each story." December 27, 1834, the Commissioners met to make arrangements for covering and inclosing the " contemplated court house in the town of Maiys- viile;" employed Nathan Adamsonto furnish a draft, description and schedule of necessary timbers to be used, and ordered the posting of notices for pro- posals for furnishing said timbers and materials, and "doing the carpenter work for inclosing said court house." Proposals were to be opened January 22, 1835. Another meeting was held on the appointed day, but the record does not show who was the successful bidder. Harvey Ward was on that day allowed $100 in part pay for stone work for the foundation of the building to enable him to pay for hauling said stone. A very lengthy description of the building, from the plans drawn, is given in the Commissioners' record for March 3, 1835, and it must have required nearly as long a time to "compile " it as it did to erect the court house. June 6, 1835, the Commissioners appointed William Page " Superintendent over the performance of labor in building the walls of the coui-t [house] in the town of Marysville." On the same date, they agi'eed that the Auditor might " enter into an agreement with Henry Kezart^e for his purchase of 20 feet in front and 5 poles back of Lot No. 50, the lot on which the present court house stands." * This building was two stories high, about 20x40 feet on the ground, and was not of much account. It was used for various jjurposes after it was s^ld by the County CorDmissioners. 318 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. October 8. 1835, the Commissioners settled with Harvey AVard for brick work in the court house, and foxind that 11)4,34:8 bricks had been used in the construction of the walls. The total amount paid Ward was SI, 085. 41. March 8, 1836. it was aojreed that the stairs, doors, Hoors, window casings and paint- ing should be completed, and proposals for the same were advertised for, to be opened on the 2Sth of the same mouth. On the day appointed, Silas G. Strong was awarded the contract for laying the floor and tilling in ashes on the same as high as the second tier of joists. Adam Wolford received the contract for building the stairs, casing the windows, making the doors, etc., aad Benjamin Hopkins was awarded the painting contract. The job of painting was accepted as satisfactory on the 9th of July following. A good story is related of this part of the work, by Capt. H. C. Hamilton, of Richwood, who was then a boy, carrying the mail between Richwood and Max'ysville. It was said that the paint was mixed up with buttermilk, and left standing in a tub outside the building; and that the hogs got at it one night and ate it all up. much to the chagrin of the painter. Material for making paint was so costly at the time, that the contractor undoubtedly considered lie could make more out of the job by using buttermilk. It caused a smile to spread over the faces of the inhabit- ants. January 20, 1837, the Commissioners met for the special purpose of sell- ing the old court house, and also for selling the work of finishing the interior of the new one. The old building was sold on that day to M. Bentley and Noah Garret, for SI 51. 50, for which sum they gave their joint note, payable nine mouths after date. These parties were also to have the use of the ground on which the old court house stood, together with a space of twenty feet front, run fling back as far as the coiu't house, for five years. The sale of the work for finishing the interior was postponed to the Gth of February, 1837, when Adam Wolford contracted for work amounting to SHO, Enos Wood. 8130, and James M. Wilkinson, S600. Wolford" s work was settled for October 14, 1837. William M. Page and David Sprague plastered the building in the fall of 1837, and were partially settled with on the 13th of November, when the sum of S 309. 80 was paid them. At the same time, Levi Churchill was paid $47.50 on his contract for laying brick floors in the building, and James M. AVilkinson $150 for inside work. Harrison Frank made a case and some tables for the Recorders oflice, and Calvin Winget made cases for the Auditor's and Clerk's offices. Bills wei-e allowed March 5, 1838, as follows: To William H. Frank, furniture for offices, S34; to Calvin Winget, book and paper cases for Clerk, Auditor and Commissioners, S67. 50; appropriated for pitcher, broom and crock for stove in Axiditor's office, per C. Lee, 08 cents. March 6, Stephen McLain was allowed $40 for two stoves, and on the 12th of June, 1838, final settlement was made with James M. Wilkinson for work on the cupola, etc. The court house, Avhen completed, Avas the most imposing building in the county, and the citizens were proud of it. June 4, 1840, the Commissioners directed William B. Irwin to prociu'e a bell for the court house, and see that it was properly hung. The bell cost $85, and the expense of transportation, hanging, etc., was $19.20; settlement was made with Mr. Irwin December 8, 1840. December 8. 1846, the Commissioners ordered that a chain be attached to the posts along the sidewalks in front of the building. In the public offices, wooden floors were substituted for the brick ones, as the latler were cold and the cause of much discomfort in the winter season. The strixcture was never a tirst-class afiair. and its days of actual usefulness were numbered long before it was abandoned. Julv 10.' 1880. the Board of County Commissioners, havingf contracted for HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 319 certain lands for a court house site, executed bonds of the county in the sum of $4,500, payable in four and five years, to Mrs. Drusilla Cassil, who executed and delivered to the board a warranty d^ed for said lands, described as all of In-lot No, 67, and two-fifths of the south half, east side of Out-lot No. 3, situated in the village of Marysville. At the same date, the Commissioners issued bonds in the sum of $3,000 to, and received a warranty deed from, the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Marysville, for two-thirds of the south part of In-lot No. 06, in Marysville, being the ground on which the society's parsonage stood. The buildings on the land purchased were sold by the Commissioners at public auction, for the sum of $683.10, the parsonage alone bringing $612. August 3, 1880, Commissioner J. B. Whelpley was authorized by the board to contract for 600,000 bricks for the new court house. David W. Gibbs, a Toledo architect, had been authorized, on the 16th of July, to prepare plans for the proposed building, and they were unanimously ap- proved August 14, 1880, upon the following resolution by Mr. Whelpley: ''^Resolved, That the plans, drawings, representations, bills of material, etc. , made and presented by David W. Gibbs, architect, for the purpose of being used in the erection of and completion of a court house in the county of Union, and State of Ohio, be and the same are hereby approved." September 22, 1880, the Commissioners awarded the contract for erecting and completing the coui't house to Karst & Woodruff, for the sum of $84,350. A somewhat lower bid from a Toledo firm was rejected on the ground of general incom- petency. The Legislature, by an act passed April 1, 1880, authorized the Board of Commissioners for Union County to issue bonds to build said court house, and they were subsequently issued to the amount of $65,000; they were sold for $66,275. A second act was passed in the winter following, authorizing the issue of additional bonds in the sum of $25,000, and the Com- missioners carried out its provisions. The work was begun and pushed rapidly forward, and a magnificent, imposing structure now stands in the center of the space (north and south) designed for it, fronting to the east, with entrances also at the north and south. It is of brick, with cut stone and galvanized iron trimmings, and is one of the finest edifices for county purposes in the State. Surmounting the well-proportioned tower is a colossal figure of Justice, and in the tower is a fine clock and bell, the latter weighing 2,500 pounds; the cost of the clock, which was set in place in November, 1882, was $2,500. The building is heated entirely by steam, the apparatus having been purchased of Brooks & Kemper, of Dayton, Ohio, for $4,300. The dials of the clock are illuminated, and the interior of the building is very finely and tastefully frescoed. The entire cost of the structure, in round numbers, has been about $135,000. The county officers took up their quarters in it in December, 1882, but the court room was not quite ready for the sitting of the court in Jan- uary, 1883, and the old building was necessarily used. The new court house is a model for beauty, elegance and convenience, and will be the pride of the citizens of the county for many years. The new coiu't house was dedicated, with appropriate ceremonies, January 27, 1883, and from an account in the Union County Journal, of February 1 , is taken the following description of the building: " The building is approached from the north, east and south by three mas- sive and elegant porticos, 22x28, and 35 feet in height, composed entirely of Berea stone, elegantly ornamented. Here the Commissioners deserve great credit for the change made in the original contract from galvanized iron to that of Berea stone in the construction of the porticos. "The style of the new building is essentially modern in its Jeading feat ures, and presents an example of 'renaissance' architecture, modified and 320 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. adopted to suit an American structure of this character. The building proper covers an area of 96x109 feet, and the three fronts are similar in design. In construction, a continuation of pressed brick and Berea stone have been used. The basement, to the line of the water table, is laid in courses of heavy rock face range work, forming a fitting base for the vast superstructure it supports, and the center and corner pavilions are carried up in stone pilaster work, the first story rusticated. The two stories are divided by a lintel cornice, elegaut- ly iJiolded of stone, which extends entirely around the building, and at the center of the street fronts project so far as to form the roofs of the porches, each of which is supported by four stone columns 20 feet high, the porches being surmounted by a stone balustrade of neat design. The main cornice, pediments and whole exterior of tower are of galvanized iron, painted and sanded in imitation of stone. Each of the street front pediments is sur- mounted by an eagle with spread wings, six feet from tip to tip, resting upon a globe and pedestal. A prominent feature of the exterior of the building is the tower, which rises 168 feet from the ground, and is surmounted by a tigui'e of Justice, ten feet high. Properly speaking, it is divided into four stories, constructed entirely of wrought iron, and contains a striking tower - clock vf^th illuminated dials, each seven feet in diameter, manufactured by Howard & Co., of Boston, Mass. The roof-construction — trusses, purlins, raftei's, etc. — is entirely of wrought iron, sheathed with corrugated sheet iron, and covered with slate laid in asbestos cement, making it a thoroughly sub- stantial and fireproof and Mansard roof, which is pierced on two sides by ap- propriate dormer windows, lighting the attic. The window openings on all sides of the building are unusually large, and none but the best French plate glass has been used. The basement story proper is about two feet below the grade, and twelve feet in the clear in height. It is reached upon all four sides, and contains Surveyor's office, engine and store rooms, janitor's room, vault room, besides other apartments. " Entering the building from the Center street front, the visitor passes through a massive arched doorway and finds hiiijself in a well-lighted hall, 11 feet wide, with a ceiling 17 feet high, extending through to the opposite side, with a cross hall leading from the West street door, and giving entrance to the Commissioners' room located in the center of the west side of the building. The floor of the halls is laid with marble tile, alternate black and white. " The Auditor's office is located to the right on entering from the Center street front. The main office is 22x26, and opening from that on the west is the Auditor's private office, 15x26. The office is supplied with a large tire- proof vault. A doorway connects the private office with the Commissioners' room on the sottth side, which is 18x20. " On the right, in entering from the West street fi'ont, is the Treas - urer's office. The main office is 22x33 feet, with an arched alcove opening from the west side, in which is foitnd the private office and safes, but in the main room is also found a burglar-proof vault. This might be, and we be- lieve is. the most pleasant room in the building. " Directly opposite, and in the southeast corner of the building, is found the office of the Probate Judge, the entrance to which is immediately to the left of the West street entrance. The private office is 22x32, and is supplied with a lavatory and vault. Adjoining this one on the west is the Probate Court room, which is I'eached from either the private office or the hall. It is 22x35 feet in size and has a neat desk for the Judge, a bar rail and seats for spectators. " The Recorder's office is located in the southwest corner of the building, the first door to the left on entering from the South street entrance, which con- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 321 tains two rooms, the main room being 20x25, with vault, and well-lighted; the private room, 15x22, is gained by a door in the west side. " Eeturning again to the hall, the grand staircase was reached either from the Center, West or South street corridor by an almost imperceptible wind, meeting upon a platform half way up and then uniting to form a single flight, six feet wide at the base and widening to ten feet at the top, at the landing in the rotunda on the second floor. " The most striking featm-e of the interior is the rotunda, a featui-e which is one in a thousand. It is 26x36, and is oval in form, lighted from the top through stained cathedral glass, and at night by a chandelier containing twelve beautiful gas jets. The floor is of marble tile, like that of the halls below, and the sides contain heavy pilasters with elegantly molded and enriched capitals and bases, resting upon a massive pedestal. The pilasters are sui'mounted by a classic entablature, with molded ribs, extending to the top of the vault or dome, which is 40 feet from the floor. From the rotunda, access is had to all the rooms on the second floor. Opening from it on the east side is a corridor, eleven feet in width, and twenty feet high, lighted at the end by an arched window. From this corridor an entrance leads to the ofiice of County Clerk, which occupies the northeast corner. The maiu room is 22x32, with a private office 12x15, and vault and closets. The Clerk has direct access to the court room through a lobby, and a private entrance to his office through the rotunda. In the passage way to the court room through the lobby is the private office of the Judge, elegantly fltted up with washing, heating and lighting apparatus, and before entering the court room, on the east side entrance, is a private con- sultation room. " Opening immediately from the rotunda on the east by large double swing- i ng doors, is the court room, 43x65 f '^et in size, and 30 feet in height. The ceilings are elegantly and elaborately frescoed, and in the background on the ceiling in the rear of the Judge's stand is a life-size pictiu-e of "Justice," giv- ing the whole a most animating appearance. The Judge's desk rests upon a platform, which is gained by a flight of steps. In front and on the right side are found the Clerk's and Sheriflfs desks, which, like that of the Judge, are finished in black walnut. Stretching across the room, in oval form, is the bar rail, of solid black walnut, inclosing a space of about 20x43 feet. This space contains the juiy box on the left facing the Judge. The seats for spectators are raised to the rear, in four rows, twelve seats in each row, capable of seating six persons in each seat, or about three hundred persons in all. They are ap- proached by an aisle extending entirely around them, and by two center aisles. " The rich, frescoed ceiling coatains two 60-inch double cone reflectors, of silvered glass. The walls are plain tinted, with a heavj^ dado and border of rich maroon. " In the northwest corner is located the Sheriff's office, and in the southeast corner the male and female witness rooms and grand jury room; the latter adjoining the court room, a private entrance connecting the two. All the rooms contain water closets and lavatories. " Every room in the building is well lighted, while the ventilation and sanitary appliances have all been carefully attended to. The building is heated throughout by steam, the apparatus being contained in the basement of the building, and is lighted brilliantly by gas, furnished by Clingman's patent. The building is fire proof throughout, the floors being constructed of wrought iron beams, corrugated iron arches and concrete. All stud partitions are of iron, and the ceilings and partitions lathed throughout with iron lath. " The furniture throughout was made to order for each room, by a Toledo firm, out of black walnut, and is beautiful in design and rich in manufacture. 322 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. " The entire cost of the building, including grounds, furnishing, lighting and heating, is about §135,015.50." Following is the statement of Auditor W. L. Curry, regarding the work of the Commissioners, the detailed cost of the new building, etc., read on the day of dedication : Mr. Chairm.\n : I have the honor in belialf of the Commissioners, to submit the fol- lowing report in regard to their proceedings in the matter of the erection of this court house. The law authorizing the Commissioners of Union County to issue bonds for the pur- pose of erecting a court house was passed by the Legislature of Ohio on the 1st da}' of April, 1880. On the 6th day of June, 1880, the Commissioners, J. B. Wlielpley, J. T. Mahaffey and J. K. Dodge purchased of the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Marysville the Methodist Episcopal parsonage grounds, including the buildings, for the sum of $3,000. They also at the same date purdiased the old John Cassd property, including buildings, for the sum of ^-i,5U0, for additional court house grounds. The buildings on these grounds were sold for !?743. 10, and the money paid into the County Treasury. Another lot was purchased from D. C. Wiuget on the 22d day of September, 1882, for !i;r)00, making total cost of grounds after deducting amount for which buildings were sold, $7,25().90. On the lOth day of July. 1880, the Commissioners employed David W. Gibbs, archi- tect, to make plans to be submitted for the consideration of the board. On the 14th day of August, 1880, D. W. Gibbs having drawn up plans, this day submitted said plans to the Commissioners, together with the building committee, consisting of the Probate Judge, J. B. Coats, Clerk of the Court, W. 31. Winget. Sheriff, J. J. Mtller and R. L. Partridge. The plans submitted by I). W. Gibbs were approved and accepted, and he was emplo5'ed as architect of the building. The board having advertised and received bids, awarded the contract of erecting the court house, on the 22d day of September, 1880, to Jacob Karst and William Woodruff for the sum of $84,350. The board having issued the bonds of the county in the amount of $65,000, bearing interest at the rate of 5 per cent per annum, and having advertised to receive bids, said bonds were on the 15th day of January, 1881, sold to R. M. Henderson, representing the Bank of Marysville, for $66,275, or at a premium of $1,275. Said bonds were delivered and money paid into the County Treasury on the 9th day of March, 1881. After careful consideration, it was determined by the board to change the porticos, cornice and window caps. The specitications and contract calling for galvanized iron, it was decided to change to stone, and this change was made at a cost of $16,620. The specifications called for excavation for the foundation of 4 feet and 6 inches, but in order to get a good foundation it had to be made in some places to the depth of 14 feet at a cost for stone, labor and material of $3,822.70. A law was passed on the 11th day of April, 1882, authorizing the Commissioners to issue the bonds of the county in the ainount of $25,000 for the completion of court house. Said bonds were issued in the amount of $25,000 bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent per annum, and on the 24th day of May, 1882, they were sold to A. T. Carpenter for the sum of $25,550, or at a premium of $550. On the 1st day of April, 1882, the old court house grounds were sold for $15,050, the buildings being reserved and are yet to be sold. The building is now completed with the exception of a few days' labor, and the fol- lowing is an itemized statement of the cost of the building, including heating, lighting and furnishing, subject to a few changes: First contract $84,350 00 Change in porticos, cornice and window caps from galvanized iron to stone 16,620 00 Extra labor and material in foundation 3,822 70 Repairs of walls 418 00 Tower cornice 26 80 Moving bell 2 00 Extra brick vault under safe and changing arches 123 50 Gas-pipes on porticos 77 92 Difference in hardware, bolts and plates, vault walls 129 76 Filling vault fronts 2 50 Flooring in attic 38 54 Scuttles 11 00 Masonry under steps 13 50 Carpenter work in 1)asement 845 49 Extra work on stairway 350 00 Extra on graining '. 300 00 Plate glass ' 266 00 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 323 Flooring, basement stairs 26 01 Siding and ceiling attic stairway 51 80 Vault doors 950 00 Steam Heater 4,300 00 Furniture 5,964 00 Clock 3,500 00 Bell ■ 803 92 Gas machine and chandeliers 1,731 00 Sewer 608 58 Grade 727 58 Painting rotunda 400 00 Plastering basement 270 00 Mantels 360 00 Cistern 60 00 Watchman, court house 29 00 Painting basement 135 00 Concrete basement floor 360 00 Pump and well 84 00 $127,758 60 Court House grounds 7,256 90 Total $135,01 5 50 Deduct amount for old court house grounds and buildings sold 15,793 10 Balance $1 19, 222 40 The changes made were, in our judgment, for the best interests of the citizens of the county, and were only made after carefully considering matters in all their bearings as to economy and durability. The Commissioners who have served during the erection of the building are J. B. Whelpley, J. T. Mahaffy and J. K. Dodge. J. K. Dodge's term expiring December, 1880, N. Howard was elected as his successor; J. T. Mahaffy's term expiring December, 1881, Uriah Cahill was elected as his successor ; J. B. Whelpley's term expiring December, 1882, Luther Liggett was elected as his successor. J. B. Whelpley had immediate super- intendence of the building from the beginning of the work until the expiration of his term of office, and most of the time since. We take pleasure in saying of the contractors, Karst & Woodruff, that the}^ have per- formed their contract in a satisfactory manner; although they were well aware, for many months, that they would lose heavily on the contract, they have, in our judgment, filled the specifications, both in material and workmanship, except one item of iron work which they refused to accept from the sub-contractor. We have in all matters connected with the erection of this building done what, in our judgment, was for the best interest of the whole county, and feel conscious of having kept clear of all parties, cliques or factions, and time will tell whether our work has been well done. Although we have been subjected to the usual criticism that is poured down upon the heads of those having in charge the erection of public buildings, we have the consola- tion of feeling confident of the fact that in transferring this beautiful building to the citi- zens of Union County, that as evidenced by the testimony of many County Commission- ers and contractors from all parts of this State, who have examined the building, that for beauty of architecture, good workmanship, convenience and completeness in equipment, it is not excelled, if equaled, by any court house in the State of Ohio. The first spade of earth was turned September 22, 1880, and the building was com- pleted and dedicated January 27, 1883. Respectfully submitted, by order of County Commissioners. W. L. Curry, County Auditor. JAILS. The first jail was a double log structure, which stood on the lot on the south side of East Center street, in the rear of the court house It was used not only for a jail, but occasionally for a residence; Philip Snider, now of Marysville, lived in it for a time when he moved to the town, in 1849. On the 5th of March, 1856, the Commissioners ordered that the old jail lot (No. 50) be sold, with the view of purchasing a lot in another location, on which to build a new jail. At the same time, it was ordered that an advertisement for proposals for erecting a new building be inserted in the Marysville Tribune. The part of Lot No 50, owned by Union County, and occupied by the old jail, was sold April 2, 1856, to E. J. Nugent, for $1,000.50. A new lot was pur- 324 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. chased by G. A. Cassil at the same time, for $000, and the new building was at once erected upon it. This was destroyed by fire, on the night of December 22, ISTO. having been for a number of yeai-s practically worthless as a place of detention for oflenders against the law. July 1^^, 1872, the following entry appears upon the record of proceedings of the County Commissioners: "In the matter of purchasing a site for county buildings, and building a county jail thereon: It appearing to the Commissioners that due notice has been given by publication in two newspapers published in the county of Union, and by circulation of handbills, of their intention to purchase a site for a county jail and courthouse for said county of Union, at Marysville, Ohio, and of their intention to build a county jail thereon as soon as practicable; there- upon, those matters came on for hearing upon the petitions for and the i*emon- strances against the proposed piu'chase of such site and biiildiug of siich jail, and said petitions and I'emonstrances were heard and examined by the Com- missioners; upon consideration whereof, the said Commissioners are of the opinion that a site should be purchssed and a jail built thereon as soon as practicable. They have, therefore, this day purchased Lot oo [or 05], and one-third of Lot 00, in the town of Marysville, Ohio, of H. Campbell, for the sum of §2,500, for the purposes and uses named above." Bonds were issued to the above amount August 10, 1872. For the purpose of building the new jail, bonds were issued to the amount of !?20,000. The contract for constructing the jail was let by the Commissioners. March 28. 1878, the successful bidders being H. Rice and I. Grummons. and the contract price !?18.04:4. This sum covered the necessary excavations, the stone, brick and cai'peuter work, and everything complete except heating apparatus. By the last of June, 1878, the stone foivndation had been completed and the range work set, and the building was rapidly carried to completion. The entire cost of the structure was about the same as the amount of bonds issued — $20,000. It is of tasteful design, the front portion being finely fitted for the residence of the Sheriff. In Aiigust. 1878. a new safe was purchased for the County Treasurer's oliice. of the Hall Company, of Cincinnati. Ohio, at an expense of $2,500, the old safe being turned in on account for $000. The new safe weighed ten tons — 20.0(K^ pounds — and stood in theollice in the rear of the block at the south- west corner of Main and Center streets, until the third week in October. 1882, when it was removed to permanent quarters in the now court house. COUNTY INFIRMARY. June 7, 1S4:U, the Commissioners, after due consideration, agreed unani- mously to levy a tax for the purpose of piu'chasing land on which to erect a county poor-house, and a tax of one-half mill on the dollar of valuation, or a total of about $850. was ordered. In December. 1850, seventy-five acres of land were purchased of Josiah Kelsey, to be used as a poor-farm. January 5, 1850. the contract for erecting a building on the premises had been let to James Mcllroy, for the sum of $1,400. In a report made by the County Treasurer, on the 10th of June, 1851, are found the following items: Paid Josiah Kelsey, principal aud interest, for farm $ J)78 50 Paid .Tamos W. Evans, for iMvoting- house and outliouse 1,-loT (51 Paid Hohort Gibson, for repairinii' fences 00 00 Paid for furniture, fixtures and provisions 307 oO Total lo that date f "3.763 67 The building, as constructed, was 40x81 feet in dimensions, two stories high, with a hall across the middle: also a wing, one story high, with a cellar under, and a porch in front of the wing eight feet wide; the whole building constructed of brick. Mcllroy, to whom the contract was first awarded, was Fourth Union County Court House, finished January, I8B3. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 327 subsequently put under bonds for an offense against the State, and the Board of Commissioners re-awarded it March 4, 1850, to James W. Evans, for $1,409. Final settlement was made with him March 5, 1851, and at the same time John Johnson, John W. Cherry and Joshua Marshall .were appointed Poor- Huuse Directors. Mi\ Cherry died eariy in. 1857, and Thomas E. Brown was appointed to fill the vacancy. In the winter of 1866-67, an amount of land equal to the original purchase was bought of G. W. Kent, making the present size of the farm 150 acres. May 19, 1870, the Commissioners advertised for proposals for 500,000 brick, and on the 6th of June following authorized the levy of a tax of two mills on the dollar for the piu'pose of building a new In- firmary. January 30, 1871, Commissioners Joseph K. Richey and James Ful- lington, and Infirmary Directors, John F. Sabine, Daniel G. Cross and John Guthrie, met and considered plans for the nevv building, and adopted the one presented by Jones & Gartner, architects, of Columbus, Ohio. March 31, 1871, the Commissioners met to consider bids for erecting the building, and the contract therefor was awarded to R. N. Jones & Co., of Delaware, Ohio, for $27,600; their bid not including heating appliances. Several other firms competed for the work. Several changes were made in the plan, and the entire cost, exclusive of heating apparatus, was increased to $29,200. June 1, 1871, bonds were issued to the amou.nt of $25,000, to procure funds for proceeding with the work of construction; they were disposed of in New York City, by W. W. Woods, for $24,500, which sum was placed to the credit of Union County in the Bank of Marysville. The building was completed artd occupied in 1872, and the old one is now utilized as a barn. The first Superintendent of the Infirmary, in 1851, was William Porter, father of Judge John L. Porter, of Marysville. His successor was George Mills, followed by Levi Keeran, William Olds, O. W. R. Ingman, Robert Sharp; Ingman and Sharp served alternately, three years each. R. S. Bon- nett is the present Superintendent, having held the position since March, 1882. The first inmate admitted after the farm was ready was a woman from Paris Township. The journal of the first Secretary of the Board of Directors has been lost, and, doubtless, much that might have been interesting is lost with it. It is the recollection of John F. Sabine, Esq., the present Secretary, that the institution had but three inmates when first opened in 1851. The health of the inmates has always been remarkably good; no epidemic has ever occurred, the deaths being mostly from chronic diseases or old age. But about one-fifth of the farm is uncultivated. In September, 1882, when the Secretary made his report, the institution contained 32 male and 31 female inmates, a total of 63; 19 persons had been received during the year then ended, 14 had been discharged, 2 ran away, 5 died and 2 were sent to other in- stitutions. The total expenditures for the year were $5,024.90; receipts, $627.29; net expenses, $4,379.61. The Infirmary building is one of the finest for the purpose in the State. 328 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. CHAPTER VI. COUNTY SOCIETIES. UNION COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.* AT the time our Agricultural Society was organized, our county was thinly populated and one of the most backward counties in the State, very little tillable land, but little cultivated, not enougli of grain products or stock raised to supply home demand — no thoroughbred stock of any kind, but on the con- trary, veiy inferior hoi'ses, cattle, sheep and hogs of every kind, and the farm- ing implements used were very few and j^rimitive in kind. Our county in its earliest day was settled with men of strong moral convictions, industrious and enterprising, and at an early date advocated the importance of organizing an agricultm-al society. The first meetiag to organize was held in the old court house during the summer of 1847, at which time the society was organ- ized and officers elected, and the time lixed for holding the first fair in the county was in the second week of October of the same year. The first fair was held in the public S(]uare of Marysville, using the old coiu't house for the display of fabrics. The second year the ground for ex- hibiting was about two squares south on Main street and continued in that vi- cinity until the year 185'2, using the coiu-t house for the fine art hall. After- ward the fair was held on the grounds now owned and occupied by the so- ciety for that pm'pose. A committee in 1854 was appointed to make a purchase of fairground and report plan for payment. The committee made a purchase of John Cassil of thirteen acres of land on the Marion road, about three-fourths mile from the public square in Marysville, for which they agreed to pay $50 per acre, one- half January 1, 1855, balance in one year, with interest, and executed a writ- ten contract to that effect. The plan reported by the committee to procui-e funds for the piu'chase was that the ground be piu'chased by a joint-stock company in which each share should be $10. The deed of conveyance to be made to such stockhold- ers, subject to the use of the Union County Agricultural Society, so long as it should use the same for a fair ground, but to pass absolutely and uncondition- ally with the improvements to the stockholders, when the society shall dis- band or cease to occupy it for its annual fairs. In accordance to the plan re- ported, a warranty deed conveying the thirteen acres of land in Sui'vey No. 3,353 was made by John Cassil, November 20, 1860, to the following named persons, stating the number of shares taken by each: John F. Sabine, 1 share; J. C. Miller, 2; James A. Henderson, 1; Richey & Buxton, 1;P. Manchester, 1; R. L. Broome. 1-, Solomon Cook, 1; John Bar- bom*, 1; Jesse Mearis, 1; J. R. Gallowav. 1; Moses Coe, 1; A. S. Chapmjin & Co., 1; W. H. Robb, 1: Joseph Newlove, 1: John E. Cahill, 1; William M. Robinson, 1; John Cassil, 4; Samuel Woods, 1; J). D. Welsh, 1; E. Biglow, 1; Luther Winget, 1; Rav G. Morse, 1; Benjamin Gordon, 1; James Smith (Darby Plains), 1; John Reed, 3d, 1; R. D. Reed, 1; A. A. Woodworth, 1; Will- *The article ou this society was kindly contributed by R. L. Woodburn, Esq., of .Marysville. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTV. ' 329 iam Bigger, 1; Jesse Gill, 1; A. F. Wilkins, 1; John W. Thompson, 1; S. A. Clien-y, 1; Thomas AV. Miller, 1; John Johnson, 1; John T. Lenox, 1; James Finley, 1: W. W. Woods, 1; C. S. Hamilton, 1; P. B. Cole, 1; William C. Malin, 1: Joshua Marshall,!; Tabor KandalL 1; N. Raymond, 1; S. R. Reed, 1; F. Hemingway, 1: Hiram Stokes, 1; AVilliam Gabriel, 1: George B. Burn- ham, 1 ; J. & E.Burnham, 3: James Riddle. Ih; James Fullington, 3; Charles Fullington, 3; George \V. Stamates, 1; J. C. Sidle, 1; James Kinkade, 1; Philip Snider, 1; James W. Robinson, 2; Samuel C. Lee, 1; C. Houston, 1; William T. Brophy, 1; Phelps & Mc Wright, 1; Thomas Turner, 1; J. Sexton & Co., 1; James Martin, 1; William R. Webb, 1; James M. Welsh, 1. There were others who subscribed and paid part, but by the conditions of the association the same were forfeited because not paid in full, and part of the amount subscribed was paid toward the improvements, and the sum of §G5() and interest paid for the said land: the total amount of land owned by the society is forty-seven acres and ninety-nine poles. The amount of purchase money paid, $6,092. 50. The fair grounds are well improved, a good half mile track, good sub- stantial buildings in the main. The amount of money spent for improving the grounds since its organization is about S8,oOO. The value of grounds. §15,000. The number of entries the first year were le.5s than 100. In the year 1882. were 1,920. The receipts the first year were less than SIOO. The i-eceipts for the year 1882 were 85,212.15. The attendance the fii'st year was estimated about 250. In 1882, the attendance on the third day of the fair was estimated about 12,000. The membership the fii'st year was about fifty. In 1882, it was 2,200. The first money paid to any officer of the society was to John John- son, Secretary, §5 for his services from the organization of the society until the year 1852. C. S. Hamilton did all the printing for the society for the year 1851 for two years' membership, being the first compensation for printing. The first building was erected by Thomas Snodgrass, for the ac- commodation of the ticket master and board of directors, 20 feet long and 12 feet wide, at the cost of §22 for the entire building. The first impoi'ted horse brought to the county was by Charles Fullington. in the year 1851, known as " Louis Napoleon," weighing 1,050 pounds. [n 1850, James Fullington brought from Kentucky the first thoroughbred cattle to the county. In 1853, Charles and James Full^'ngton imported to the county some very fine thorough- bred cattle, and the same year and by the same parties were imported to the county the first fine-wool sheep. W. M. Winget brought to the county the first thoroughbred "Jersey" in the year 1880. Our county is specially noted for raising French and Norman horses, and the money realized from their sales has been of great financial benefit to our farmers. Our county might be regarded better adapted to grass than any other product. Great improvement has been made in the last few years in the raising of wheat, by the means of fertilizing, which has proved to be of great profit, and quite a number of our farmers are using the same with great success. The admission fee to the fair is $1 for a man and his wife and all the minors of his family during the fair, with the privilege of taking a wagon inside the gi-ounds and of e:diibiting articles; for each footman, 25 cents: for wagon or buggy, 25 cents; and each person in same, 25 cents; children, 10 cents; and horsemen 40 cents. Persons from any part of the State are allowed to compete for premiums of stock, farm implements and fine arts by paying 330 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. $2. Any person who is a resident of the county and twenty-one years old may become a member of the society by paying $1 to the Treasurer annually, which entitles him to a family ticket for the year. The family ticket system has pro\ed a great success, making the price so reasonable that it brings it within the reach of every citizen, giving him an opportunity of every advantage to be derived from the fair. The object of our managers has been to award in pre- mium to the exhibitors the proceeds of the fair each year, after deducting the necessary amount for improvements and expenses. All games of chance and intoxicating drinks are prohibited. No officer of the society receives any pay except the Secretary. The society is in good financial condition. The Agricultural Society has been of great benefit to the county, inspir- ing a zeal of enterprise among the people that is commendable. One re- markable feature of our society has been the unanimity with which the ofificei's and managers have Avorked together from its organization, with but one object in view, its success. The following are the names of the officers from its organization to the present: 1847 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, A. A. Woodworth; Treasurer and Secretary, Jfjhn Johnson. 1848 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, A. A. Woodworth; Treasurer and Secx'etaiy, John Johnson. 1849 — President, Eliphas Burnham ; Vice President, J. W. Robinson; Treasurer, Cyprian Lee; Secretary, John Johnson. 1850 — President, Eliphas Bm-nham; Vice President, J. R. Galloway; Treasurer, Cyprian Lee; Secretary, John Johnson. 1851 — President, Joshua Judy; Vice President, Eliphas Burnham; Treas- urer, Cyprian Lee; Secretary, John Johnson. 1852 — President, Joshiia Judy; Vice President, Eliphas Burnham; Treas- urer, Joshua Marshall; Secretary, John Johnson. 1853 — President, Joshua Judy; Vice President, Eliphas Burnham; Treas- urer, Joshua Marshall; Secretary, John Johnson. 1854 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, John Cassil; Treas- urer, Joshua Marshall; Secretary, John Johnson. J 855 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, John Cassil; Treas- lu'er, Joshua Marshall; Secretary, John Johnson. 1856 — President, A. A. Woodworth; Vice President, J. R. Galloway; Treasurer, John Barbour; Secretary, James W. Robinson. 1857 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, James A. Henderson; Treasarer, John Barbour; Secretary, James AY. Robinson. 1858 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, James A. Hender- son; Treasurer, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, M. C. Lawrence. 1859 — President, Eliphas Buinham; Vice President, James W. Robinson; Treasurer, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, C. S. Hamilton. 1860 — President, Eliphas Burnham; Vice President, James W. Robinson; Treasm-er, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, C. S. Hamilton. 1861 — -President, James W. Robinson; Vice President, Eliphas Burnham; Treasurer, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, C. S. Hamilton. 1862 — President, James W. Robinson; Vice President, R. D. Reed; Treas- urer, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, C. S. Hamilton. 1863— President, R. D. Reed; Vice President, W. M. Robinson; Treas- urer, E. L. Reynolds; Secretary, C. S. Hamilton. 1864 — President, R. D. Reed; Vice President, Levi Longbrake; Treas- urer, S. S. Jewell; Secretary, S. C. Lee. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 331 1865- -President, R. D. Reed; Vice President, James W. Robinson; Treas- urer, S. S. Jewell; Secretary, S. C. Lee. 1866 — President, R. D. Reed; Vice President, James W. Robinson; Treas- urer, S. S. Jewell; Secretary, S. C. Lee. 1867 — President, James W. Robinson; Vice President, Thomas W. Mil- ler; Treasurer, ; W. H. Robb; Secretary, James A. Henderson. 1868— President, James W. Robinson; V^ice President, H. C. Hamilton; Treasurer, W. H. Robb; Secretary, L. Piper. 1869 — President, Philip Snider; Vice President, James A. Henderson; Treasurer, W. H. Robb; Secretary, L. Piper. 1870 — President, Philip Snider; Vice President, James A. Henderson; Treasurer, W H. Robb; Secretary, L. Piper. 1871 — President, Philip Snider; Vice President, George Sinclair; Treas- urer, James A. Henderson; Secretary, L. Piper. 1872 — President, George Sinclair; Vice President, Joshua S. Gill; Treas- urer, James A. Henderson; Secretary, L. Piper. 1878 — President, George Sinclair; Vice President, George Wilber; Treas- urer, James A. Henderson; Secretary, R. L. Woodburn. 1874 — President, George Sinclair; Vice President, George Wilber; Treas urer, Philip Snider; Secretary, R. L. Woodbm-n. 1875 — President, George Wilber; Vice President, William R. Webb; Treasurer, Philip Snider; Secretary, R. L. Woodburn. 1876— President, W. R. AVebb; Vice President, Darius Buxton; Treasurer, Philip Snider; Secretary, R. L. Woodburn. 1877 — President, W. R. Webb; V^ice President;, Darius Buxton; Treas- urer, Philip Snider;. Secretary, R. L. Woodburn. 1878 — President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, Nathan Howard; Treas- urer, Philip Snider; Secretary, R. L. Woodburn. 1879^President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, Nathan Howard; Treas- urer, Luther Liggett; Secretary, A. H. Beightler. 1880 — President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, Luther Liggett; Treas- urer, Philip Snider; Secretary, A. H. Beightler. 1881 — President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, T. P. Shields; Treasurer, Philip Snider; Secretary, A. H. Beightler. 1882 — President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, T. P Shields; Treas- urer, W. H. Robb; Secretary, A. H. Beightler. 1883 — President, Darius Buxton; Vice President, T. P. Shields; Treas- urer, W. H. Robb; Secretary, A. H. Beightler. The following are the names of all the persons who have served as mem- bers of the Board of Directors: Joseph Brannon, John Reed, 3d, W. M. Rob- inson, Joshua Marshall, B. F. Kelsey, -1. R. Galloway, Solomon Cook, Thomas Turner, R. L. Judy, James M. Welsh, A. A. Woodworth, P. Manchester, Jr. , William T. Brophy, J. C. Sidle, John Sterling, P. W. Alden, Joshua, Judy, Jesse Gill, James Fullington. D. D. Welsh, John Johnson, Charles, Fullington, Isaac Mechney, T. W. Miller, James B. Richey, Levi Longbrake, George Stuart, I. W. Smith, Thomas Robinson, D. G. Cross, Philip Coe, James A. Henderson; David Watson, John Mitchell, Jr., George Stephens, F. Fen- ner, J. R. Richey, W. C. Wood, Peleg Cranston, Thomas Turner, W. H. H. Miller, Moses Coe, C. S. Hamilton, W. H. H. Titus, Dyer Reed, George P. Cross, J. M. Ronev, John Sidle, Nathan Howard, Lee Smith, Philip Snider, George Sinclair, K. L. Wood, H. C. Hamilton, J. M. Danforth, R. T. McAl- ister, William R. Webb, George Wilber, Israel Slack, D. R. White, W. P. Anderson, Edward Powers, D. H. Henderson, Charles W. Smith, Philip Roush, L. M. Fairbanks, Luther Turner, Hylas Sabine, Uriah Cahill, Jehu 332 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY, Gray, T. P. Shields, Jerry Reinharfc, George Keckley, Isaac Willet, W. F. H. Pennington. THE UNION COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY.* A history of Union County, Ohio, would be very imperfect if it did not include some account of its County Bible Society, atisiliary to the American Bible Society. There can be no doubt that this society has had much to do in influencing and determining the moral and religious tone of this community, out of which has come not only a large proportion of the existing churches of the county, but much of its prosperity, and the spirit of improvement and progress which characterizes the people of the county at the present time. When in 183), the UaioQ Coaaty Bible S33iefcy wis flrsb organized, it was evi- dence of the fact that there were those among the pioneer settlers who ap- preciated the teachings of the Bible and the importance of having these teach- ings disseminated and observed. At that period, the county was but very sparsely settled in any part of it; a large part of its territory was but little changed from an unbroken wilderness, and the entire population, according to the census, was but 3,192. It was not strange, under these circumstances, that the operations of its infant Bible Society were very limited for the first ten years of its existence, and its records for this period not having been pre- served, it can only be contemplated as having its place as a planted seed in the county, the fruits of which were to appear in after time. But in July, IS-il, the population having increased to something over 8,000 (by the census of 1840 it was 8,443), it was re-organized, and in adopting a new constitution the following preamble is found upon its records: "Whereas, a Bible Society auxiliary to the American Bible Society has been in existence in Union County with a constitution which has been mis- laid or lost, therefore resolved that the following Constitution be adopted in lieu thei-eof, as the constitution of the Union County Bible Society." In the constitution then ado]ited. Article 1 designates its name. Article 2 declares that " The whole object of the society shall be to pro- mote the circulaiion of the Bible without note or comment." Article 3 provides " That any person may become a member who shall pay annually to its funds any specific sum, and shall be allowed to purchase Bi- bles and Testaments at cost price " from the Depository. Article 4 provides that " The funds of the society shall be devoted to the supply of the destitute in its own sphere, or paid over to the parent society." Article 5 provides that " The officers shall consist of a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and Depositary," to be elected annually or hold their offices until their successors shall be elected. Articles <3 and 7 provide that these officers shall constitute a Board of Managers to carry out the designs of the society. Article 8 provides for the alteration of the constitution. It is worthy of notice that the first organization of this society in 1 830 was but fifteen years after the formation of the American Bible Society, which took place in 1815; so that this County Auxiliary Society, with all its disadvan- tages, was early in the field in tis endeavors to help forward the beneficent de- signs of the parent society, and it is pertine?it and fitting to say that whatever good has resulted from the operations of this county society, it may all be re- viewed as so much testimony in commendation of the benevolence and wisdom of the originators and founders of the American Bible Society. There can be no doubt that this county society has been an incentive and a help in the or- ganization of most of the chur'-^hes now found in the county. There were but few church e-i in the county at the date of its first organization — not half a ♦Prepared by \Villi;im Leu, of Marjsville, secretary of the Society, espocially for this worl£. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 333 dozen, it is believed — and at the period of its re-organization in 1841, only a comparatively small number of the chui'ches now found in the county had been organized. The increased circulation of the Bible throu.gh the instrumentality of the county society, called attention to its teachings and to the commission and warrant furnished by the New Testament to gather the people into chui'ch as- sociations; and formal church organizations have followed as a natural result. Without entering into statistical details of the operations of the society, it will suffice for the present purpose to state that, from its re organization in 1841, it has maintained a depository at which there has usually been an ample supply of Bibles and Testaments to meet the wants of the county and carry out the objects of the society. Thousands of volumes have gone out from the depository, and, besides paying the parent society for these books, a very con- siderable sum of money has been contributed to that society to aid it in its work of circulating the sacred Scriptures among the destitute in the wide field which it occupies. The work of tlie county society has been prosecuted by various methods. It has sometimes had local visitors in the different school districts, and at other times employed canvassing agents to go over the entire county to seek out the destitute families and supply them, and at the s ame time solicit from the friends of the Bible their pecuniary contributions to pay for gratuitous distributions to the needy among us, and to enlarge the contri- butions of this society to the parent society. In addition to the methods thus mentioned, there have been organized, in all the fourteen townships of the county, branch societies, and there have been periods when most of these branch societies have done good work for the Bible cause. As the work of this society has been inaugui-ated and carried forward chiefly by the personal agency of those who have been its official representatives and managers, their names are a part of its history. It has already been stated that no record has been preserved of what was done for ten years after its first organization, but it has been ascertained from the records of the parent society that the Union County Bible Society Avas first organized as an auxiliary in August, 1830, and that E. Strong was both President and Corresponding Secretary at that time. After the re-organization in 1841, the names of the officers of the society are as follows: Presidents — S. Gr. Strong, one year, to 1842; Cyprian Lee, from 1842 to 1853, inclusive, twelve years; Otway Curry, elected in 1854, and held the of- fice at the time of his decease in 1855; Rev. James Smith, from 1856 to 1875, inclusive, nineteen years; Rev. W. G. March, elected in 1875 and 1876, two years; Rev. W. A. James, in 1877, one year; Rev. P. P. Pope. 1878-79, two years; Rev. A. Harmount, 1880-82, two years — present incumbent. Secretaries — Joseph H. Gill, for 1841, one year; George W. Cherry, four years, beginning 1842; Heman Ferris, 1845-46, two years; John Johnson, from 1847, seven years; C. S. Hamilton, 1854-57, three years; S. W. Dolbear, 1858-61, three years; William Lee, 1862 to 1882, inclusive, excepting one year in 1873-74, when Franklin Wood held the office. Mr. Lee is the pres- ent Secretary of the Society. Treasm-ers- -William Snodgrass, 1841, one year; William H. Frank, 1842- 44, inclusive, three years; Rowland Lee, 1854-56, two years; William H. Skinner, 1847-53, six years; Cyrus A. Phelps, 1854-57, inclusive, four- years; Charles Rathbun, 1858-62, four years; A. J. Whitney, 1863-75, twelve years; E. S. Pyne, 1875-78, three years; L. Piper, 1878-82, present incumbent. Depositaries — Cyprian Lee, 1841, one year; Rodney Picket, 1842-53, eleven years; Cyrus A. Phelps, 1853, one year; William M. Smith, 1854-61, seven years; William H. Phelps, 1862-63, two years; D. Buxton, 1864, one year; 334 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY, Thomas Brown, 1865-09, four years; Philip Snider, 1870-74, foiir years; Al- vin Thompson, 1875, one year; F. T. Arthm-, J 870, one year; F. O. Pierson, 1877, one year; Miss Ella Robb, 1878-80, two years; G. R. Greenawalt, 1880-82, present incumbent. UNION COUNTY PIONEER ASSOCIATION. Pursuant to a published call, signed by W. M. liobinson, H. Sabine and others, a number of the pioneers of Union County met at the court house in Marysville on the 4th of December, 1875, and orj^anized an association. Will- iam M. Robinson was chosen Chairman and H. Sabine, Secretary. A consti- tution was adopted, and the following persons were enrolled as members of the society: NAME. WHKUK UOKK. Eliphas Burnham 76 George Snodgrass I 70 John F. Sabine William Porter Tobias Beigbtler Abraham Amrine. . . . Samuel Reed Ray G. Morse Josiah Westlake Josiah Reed William M. Robinson Hiram Kent Edward Powers George Reed Robert Graham Samuel Gamble A. A. Woodworth. . . . George Mitchell 52 Taber Randall 69 Joseph Dodds 84 William Phillips 67 Thomas Snodgrass 68 Robert Snodgrass 75 A. P. Robinson I 63 R. L. Partridge Hylas Sabine. 46 Connecticut. Union County, Ohio. Vermont. Pennsj'lvania. Pennsylvania. Belmont County. Ohio. Pennsylvania. Rhodt' Island. Belmont County. Ohio. Union County, Ohio. Union County, Ohio. Franklin County, Ohio. Madison County, Ohio. Union County, Ohio. New York. Clark County, Ohio. Connecticut. Union County, Ohio. Vermont. Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania. Union County, Ohio. Union County, Ohio. Union Count)', Ohio. Union County, Ohio. RESIDENCE IN COUNTY. 57 years. 63 years. 58 vears. 49 years. 54 years. 75 years. 57 years. 40 years. 57 years. 40 years. 50 years. 53 years. 42 years. 40 j'cars. The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year: William M. Robinson, President; H. Sabine, Secretary; J. F. Sabine, Treasurer; Vice Presidents as follows, one from each township: William Porter, Union; Hi- ram Kent, Darby; Jesse Mitchell, Jerome; Silas Bell, Mill Creek; Samuel Gamble, Dover; Joseph Dodds, Paris; Abraham Holycross, Allen; Stephen Shirk, Liberty; George W. Carey, Leesburg; Samuel Scott, Taylor; William Phillips, Claibourne; John Chapman, JacksoQ; Gorham Bird, Washington; Jonathan G. Miller, York. After some other business the society adjourned to hold its first regular meeting on the first Saturday in the following Juno. The second meeting was held as appointed, and about 100 pioneers were present. Judge P. B. Cole delivered the principal addi-e.-^s, and was followed by William Porter, of Union Township, William Phillips, of Claibourne, and A. A. Woodworth, of Union. The third meeting was held at the court house in Marysville, January 0. 1877, at which time William M. Robinson was re-elected President, and H. Sa- bine, Secretary. Several new members were added, making a total of sixty- five. The followinof Vice Presidents were elected: i^^oovi;o l\o*\l. Hourv Sai:jor and Janirs Hord, Oomniissionoi-s. uu^t and procoodtnl. with tho Auditor, to forn\ a Iniard of b\|ualizatior.. " Andr»>\Y Notemau's houso. apln•ai^^Hl to ?40t). roduood to ^olHV. Koubon P. jranu's two lots, fonuorly in tlio natno of Saimu'l Ka/ar. and ono houso. all fonuorly appraisod to ^2(U>. roduoivl to ^loO."' . 1828. the Commissiouoi-s plactni tho tax for that year at three mills to tho dolhu' on tho grand levy, and four mills for county piu'poses. At tho same dato, Lovi Phelps was ordered to jn'ocoed to survey and establish ths^ oast lino botwtH'U tho counties of Franklin and I'uion. and also establish tlio south- east corner of Union County agreeably to an act of the Legislature, passed January 10. 1820. erecting tl.o county of Union: to commonco on the third Monday in July following. ^Notice of said step was ordering to be forwarded to tho Clerk of tho Commissioners of Franklin Cotiuty. It was also ordereii that Mr. Phelps proceoti to establish tho lines of tho several townships, the lines between Union and Marion, and Union. Hiu'diu and Logan Counties, and give tho roipiirtxl notice to the Commissioners of the dilVerout counties. De- comber 2, 182S. Mr. Phelps having btvu unable to compl eto the sxirvoys of the a foremen ti on od county and township lines, was ordertnl to complete tho un^ur- veyed balance, instructions being given him as to the manner of procedure. He had not quite finished his work in March, 1829. and was given furthor time. Mjuvh 8. .1820, ordered that Silas G. Strong receive!? 14 in ailvauce toward his salary for 1820; also, ordoivd that a stim not exceeding ^lo be advanced by tho Treasiu'er, on the ordor of the Auditor, for the piupose of procuring a litigation record. May 4, 1820: " On a sj^cial call by the Jailor of Uuiou County, on ac- nimOKY OF CNION COUNTS. 343 count of an insano pernon by the name of Joseph Bishoj), the Cornrairs.si oners met and proceeded to buHiness. Present. Henry' Saj^er, Jame:-i Herd and Elias Robinson. Said Commissioners called to their assistance Reuben P. Mann and Ira Wood, physicians, for the yjtirfKjse of exarnininj^ said Bishop; where- upon, on examination of said Bishop, as aforesaid, said phy.sicians and Com- missioners are of opinion that medical aid is at this time unnecessary, but are of opinion that it would be unsafe and inexpedient that said Bishofj run at large. Therefore, resolved, that said Bishop be kept in close conhnement under the direction of Ira Wood, one of the aforesaid physiciarw, for such a time as in the opinion of said physician shall be necessary for the public safety." June 2, 1820, it was ordered that John Stewart, then a resident of Paris Township, should be " attached for all purjjoses to the township of L'nion." On the followinf( day, the Commissioners settled with Stephen McLain, County Treasurer, and found a balance in favor of the county, for county road and schofjl purposes, of §1.820.435. June C, authorized Levi Phelps to procure a map of the county, to be used in the Auditor's office. June U, 1830, it was found that there was a balance in the Trea.sury of §1.957.773. June 10, allowed Levi Phelps, for salary as Auditor the previous year, §50; al.so, $40 for a county map. Jur.j 11, Silas G. Stronf^ sent in his resignation as County Recorder, and the Commissioners appointed Robert Andrew U} fill the vacancy. June 25, notice havin;^ been received from the Commissioners of Logan County that they intended to proceed to establish the line between Logan and Union Counties, from the Greenville treaty line north, on the second Monday in July, Levi Phelps, Surveyor of Union County, was ordered to procef;d to assist them in the work. March 5, 1832, Levi Phelps was ordered to j)rocure 000 feet of flooring plank, one inch thick. 1,000 feet of " sealing " plank and 150 feet of 4-inch plank, for the purpose of repairing the jail. June 7, 1832, upon settlement with the County Treasurer, it was found that the balance of funds in his pos- session amounted to §0,149.143. On the same day, the Commissioners em- ployed Adam "VVolford to repair the jail, " by laying floors and partitions, agree- ably to an article of agreement entered into, for the sum of §23; and also directed the County Auditor to pay the said amount for the performance of the said work, and also for the materials, to be paid out of the County Treasury." March 5, 1833, ordf-red that the Auditor procure weatherboard strips for the "jail-house." June 2, 1834, the Commissioners settled with the County Assessor, allow- ing him §55.50 for thirty-seven days' services, and §1 for duplicate. June 5, 1835, an approf)riation of §55 was made for framing a bridge over Mill Creek on the Marion State road, north of Marysville.* March 7, 1837, the Commis- sioners approjjriated §300 for the purpose of building a bridge across Darbj' Creek, on the State road near Milford, said sum to be expended under the direction of Jacob Fairfield. A small appropriation was subsequently made for finishing the work. June 7, 1838, the following attorneys, residents of Union County, were taxed 50 cents each by the Commissioners: W.C. Law- rence, P. B. Cole, Augustus Hall, John F. Kinney. The same amount was taxed against each of the following physicians: Winthrop Chandler, Benjamin Davenport, Reuben P. Mann, Ira AVood, David Welch, John P. Brookins; the latter was at the time one of the County Commissioners. The rates of taxation for that year were: For school purposes, two mills on each dollar of valu- ation; for county purposes, four mills; for court house purposes, two mills; for road purposes, three mills; for Stat^ and canal purposes, four mills. * A ij(!>v wooden bridge was built at the Baioe place in 1855. 344 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Numnrous appropriations were made during 1838 for building bridges over the streams of the county. June 3, 1839, the board ordered that a certain saw-mill in Jerome Town- ship, charged on the duplicate to Dandridge and Daniel Hemmenway, be omitted from the new duplicate, as it had gone out of existence. At the same time it was ordered that Samuel Martin's mill be valued at $100. Silas G. Sti-ong resigned as Auditor, October 3, 1839, and on the 12th of the same month the Commissioners appointed Silas G. Strong Auditor pro tern.; he was elected to the office for the succeeding term. June 7, 1841, Thomas F. Woods, County Assessor, was allowed $110. 37|^ for his services. March 7, 1843, the Commis- sioners ordered the County Surveyor to act in conjunction with the Surveyor of Franklin County in establishing the line between the two counties, and also to establish the southeast corner of Union County. March 2, 1847, the County Recorder was authorized to transcribe, from the records of title deeds in Madison and Ross Counties, all pertaining to Union County, for record in the latter. The work was done under the super- vision of William M. Robinson, then Recorder. The taxes assessed in 1847 were in amount as follows: For couuty purposes $2,660 For road purposes 1,660 For bridge purposes 400 For school purposes 660 Total $5,380 June 6, 1849, ordered that the bounty on wolf scalps be increased to $3.50 on each wolf under six months of age, the county paying the excess of $2.50. June 6, 1850, the Commissioners authorized the levy of $4,000 in Paris Town- ship for aid to the Marysville & Delaware Plank Road Company, $4,000 in the same township for the Clark & Union Turnpike Company, and half the same sums in Union Township for the same roads, with furl.her orders for levies in 1851. Neither this plank road nor any other was ever built in the county, and the taxes levied were not collected. April 7, 1851, the voters of the county, by a vote of 1,212 to 779, decided to raise a tax of $75,000 for stock in the Springfield & Marysville Railroad, and $12,500 in the Indiana, Piqua & Columbus Railroad, should the latter be constructed through Milford Center, with other provisions. Subsequent to this election, the Commissioners sub- scribed the above amounts in the bonds of the county, those officers at the time being J. W. Robinson, M. H. Wadhams and William T. Fulton. June 5, 1851, the Commissioners directed the Sheriff to " keep the door of the court room closed, and exclude therefrom all shows and exhibitions for gain; provided, however, that agricultural exhibitions and lectures on the arts and fcciences are not to be excluded, on proper occasions, for the use of said room." December 8, 1852, fui'ther action was taken in the matter, which resulted in the promulgation of the following order: "It is hereby ordered that the court room be closed against all meetings, excepting political meet- ings, wherein three or more townships may be represented, and in all such meetings the carpet is to be carefully removed; also, that the rooms in the lower story of the coiTrt house, not now occupied by county officers, be imme- diately vacated; also, that it is contrary to our views of propriety for officers who are entitled to rooms in the court house to rent the same to be used for any kind of business, or to receive an inmate, as a joint occupant of their room, when such inmate is not a county officer. The County Sheriff to enforce these regulations, so far as they relate to the second story of the court house, and the County Auditor to enforce them so far as they relate to the lower story. " HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 347 March 9, 1853. the Commissioners ordered that the line between XJnion and Madison Counties be surveyed and marked, agreeably with an act of the Legislature passed April 9, 1852. June 8, 1853, an order was issued for the incorporation of the village of Milford, in accordance with a legislative act dated May 3, lb52. August 4, 1866, a petition having been presented at a previous term, the Commissioners issued another oj'der for the incorporation of the place, under the name of Milford Center. June 2, 1857, it was ordered that $100 of the county fund be set aside for the support of a County Teachers' Institute, said money to be used in accordance with the provisions of the statute for the support of such institutions. June 3, 1863, " allowed Dr. Hamilton $5 for dissecting a cat and delivering the stomach and bowels to Prof. Wormley. " December 5, 1865, the Auditor was authorized to contract to rent a room for the use of the County Treasurer. A safe for that office was purchased of Joseph L. Hall & Co., of Cincinnati, March 7, 1866, costing $1,200 delivered on the cars at that city. This safe was used until the new one was purchased in 1878. March 8, 1875, a survey of the line between Union and Champaign Counties was ordered, to settle a disj^ute regarding it among property owners along the line. The boundary between Union and Logan Counties was finally settled March 8, 1877, the Commissioners of the two counties meeting at Belle- fontaine, Logan County, in joint session on that day, and receiving the reports of the Surveyors who had run the line. It was found that lands supposed to be in Union were in Logan, and the former had expended $733.23 in improve- ments, which sum was paid back by Logan County. Unionville Center, in Darby Township, was incorporated by order of the Board of Commissioners on the 5th of May, 1879. At a joint session of the Commission<^rs of Union, Marion and Hardin Counties, held at Richwood, May 16, 1879, a re-survey of the boundaries between Union and the other counties was ordered, to settle dispute over said lines. The surveyors made their report June 6, 1879, and it was found that the lines differed materially from the supposed boundaries, whereupon the Commissioners of the three counties ordered the lines run and permanently established. On the 9th of February, 1881, thei*e being considerable uncertainty as to the boundary be- tween Union and Delaware Counties, the Commissioners of the two ordered a survey thereof, with establishment, and, as elsewhere seen, their orders wfere carried out. POPULATION. The first census of Union County was taken in 1830, and the returns showed that 3,192 people were then residents of its territory. In 1840, the population had increased to 8,443, distributed among the then existing town- ships as follows: Allen, 741; Claibourne, 497; Darby, 736; Dover, 459; Jerome, 868; Paris, 1,151; York, 439; Jackson, 352; Leesburg, 720; Liberty, 992; Mill Creek, 524; Union, 894; Washington, 154. Taylor Township was formed later. In 1840, Marysville had 360 in- habitants, three small dry goods stores and two churches — Presbyterian and Methodist. Milford was then a flourishing village, transacting the heaviest business in the county, and had 400 inhabitants, two churches and three stores. Essex had a population of 34; Pharisburg, 20; Newton, 44; Rich- wood, 99. In 1850, the population of the county had swelled to a total of 12,204, including 128 colored persons, as follows: Allen,- 979; Claibourne, 919; Darby, 881; Dover, 700; Jackson. 436; Jerome, 1,249; Leesburg, 701; Liberty, 1,257; Mill Creek, 726; Paris, 1,587; Taylor, 400; Union, 1.205; Washington, 333; York, 831. 348 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Of the villages. Maiysville had a population of 605; Milford, 211; Rich- wood, 1(54. There were five persons in the county between the ages of 90 and 100 years. The population in 1860 was 16,275, as shown by the following: Allen. 1,043; Claibourne. 1,441; Darbv, 1,260; Dover, 1,066; Jackson, 719; Jerome, 1,398; Leesburg, 1,232; Mill Creek, 844; Paris, 2,055; Taylor, 764; Union. 1,098; AVashington, 601; York, 1,323; Liberty, 1,431. Marysville then had 827 inhabitants, while the number of colored persons in the county was 223. Number of persons aged between 90 and 100 years, 6. Other statistics from the same census are as follows: Number of churches in county 33 Value of church property $30,750 Acres of laud improved 125, 275 Acres of Uiud unimproved 87,527 Cash value of farms $4,718,795 Vahie of farming implements $122,851 Number of horses 7,080 Asses and mules 175 Milch cows 5,934 Working oxen 688 Other cattle 9,420 Number of sheep 30,362 Number of swine 31,012 Value of live stock $804,639 Bushels of wheat raised 61,856 Bushels of rj-e raised 2,896 Bushels of corn raised 923,086 Bushels of oats raised 65, 180 Pounds of tobacco 905 Pounds of wool 99,940 Bushels of peas and beans 717 Bushels of Irish potatoes 52,521 Bushels of sweet potatoes ; 303 Bushels of barley 1,356 Bushels of biickwheat 31,045 Value of orchard products $10,617 Pounds of butter manufactured 484,896 Pounds of cheese 111,070 Tons of hay made 14,453 Bushels of clover seed 466 Other grass seeds 493 Hops, pounds of 133 Flax, pounds of 525 Flax seed, bushels of 1,385 Pounds of maple sugar 157,761 Gallons molasses 13,096 Beeswax, pounds of 306 Pounds of honey 18,326 Value of household manufactures $9,317 Number of families in county 3,137 The population of the county in 1870 and 1880 is shown by the following table, from the report of the Secretary of State for 1881: 1870. 1880. Allen Township 1,198 1,333 Claibourne Township (including Richwood) 1,947 2,758 Kichwood Village 436 1,317 Darby Township (including Unionville) 1,142 1,171 Uuionville Village 200 Dover Township 929 1,006 Jackson Township 935 1,454 Jerome Township 1,462 1,503 Leesburg Township 1,410 1,552 Liberty Township 1,414 1,398 Mill Creek Township 798 867 Paris Township (including Marysville) 2,838 3,718 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 349 1870. 1880. Marvsville Village* 1,441 2,061 Taylor township 1, 141 1,367 Union Township (including Milford Center) 1,836 1,535 Milford Center Village 372 490 Washington Township 819 1,164 York Township 1,369 1,549 MISCELLANEOUS ST.\TISTICS. The following table shows the date of organization of each township in Union County, together with the number of votes cast at the first election in each, and, for the sake of comparison, the vote cast at the fall election in 1876: When First Vote in Township. ' Organized. Vote. 1876. Allen 1827 13 314 Claibourne 1834 19 673 Darby 1820 49 286 Dover 1839 62 200 Jackson 1829 21 276 Jerome 1821 15 345 Leesburg 1825 10 322 Liberty 1822 10 346 Mill Creek 1820 24 102 Paris 1821 13 820 Tavlor 1849 281 Union 1820 91 396 Washington 1836 14 238 York 1834 363 The poll books for he first elections in the townships of Taylor and York having beeu lost, it is impossible to give the first votes in those townships, but they probably compared favorably with the others. The table is sufficient to show the rapid growth of population in the county, and was found in the Marysville Tribune for November 7, 1877. Beginning with 1821, the following shows the vote of the county for Gov- ernor, to the date of the last gubernatorial election in 1881: 1821 — Ethan A. Brown, 128; Jeremiah Morrow, 35; William Harrison, 1. 1822— Jeremiah Morrow, 149; Allen Trimble, 107; William W. Irwin, 3. 1824— Allen Trimble, 179; Jeremiah Morrow, 84. 1826— Allen Trimble, 126; John Bigger, 131; Alexander Campbell, 15. 1828— Allen Trimble, 192; John W. Campbell, 146. 1830— Duncan McArthur, 178; Kobert Lucas, 227. 1832^ — Darius Lyman, 214; Robert Lucas, 288. 1834 — Robert Lucas, 246; James Finley, 279. 1836— Joseph Vance, 622; Eli Baldwin, 311. 1838 — Joseph Vance, 614; Wilson Shannon, 468. 1840— Thomas Corwin, 920; Wilson Shannon, 594. 1842 — Thomas Corwin, 784; Wilson Shannon, 582; Leicester King, 35. 1844— Mordecai Bartley, 966; David Tod, 704; Leicester King, 34. 1846— William Bebb, 808; David Tod, 574; Samuel Lewis, 64. 1848— Seabury Ford, 1,070; John B. Weller, 785. 1850— William Johnson, 1,033; Reuben Wood, 759; Edward Smith, 84. 1851 (under new Constitution) — Samuel F. Vinton, 987 ; Reuben Wood, 772; Samuel Lewis. 107. 1853— Nelson Barrere, 910; William MediU, 852; Samuel Lewis, 370. 1855— Salmon P. Chase, 1,222; William Medill, 698; Allen Trimble, 131. 1857— Salmon P. Chase, 1,209; Henry B. Prvne, 950; P. Van Trump, 115. 1859 — William Dennison, 1,241 ; Rufus P. Ranney, 910. *The original reiurns for Marysville in 1880 showed a population of about 2,300. 350 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1861— David Tod, 1,779; Hti^-h J. Jewett, 984 1863— Jolin Brough. 2,380; C. L. Vallandigliam, 1,189. 1865— Jacob D. Cox, 1,930; George W. Morgan, 1,173. 1867— Rutherford B. Hayes, 2,128; Allen (1. Thnrman, 1,537. 1869— R. B. Haves, 2,053; George H. Pendleton, 1,462. 1871— Edward F. Noyes, 2,040; George W. McCook, 1,324; Gideon T. Stewart, 12. 1873— E. F. Noyes, 1,856; William Allen, l,3o4; Isaac C. Collins, 65; Gideon T. Stewart, 155. 1875— William Allen, 1,952; R. B. Haves, 2,596; Jay Odell, 33. 1877— William H. West, 2,530; Richard M. Bishop, 1,920; Henry A. Thompson, 61; Stephen Johnson, 2. 1879— Charles Foster, 2,947; Thomas Ewing, 2,144; Gideon T. Stewart, 152; A. Sanders Piatt, 10. 1881— Charles Foster, 2,763, John W. Bookwalter 1,827; Abraham R. Ludlow, 284. In 1880, at the Presidential election, the county cast 3, 315 Republican and 2,236 Democratic votes. The tax duplicates in the office of the County Auditor, at Marysville, ex- hibit the following items for each decade, beginning with 1820 and closing with 1882: For 1820: Total amount of duplicate $639,204,656^ Total amount of defalcations 187.8101 Net amount of duplicate $639,016,816 Tax assessed, 14,095.752; defalcation, $3,738,742; tax collected $357.01. Five per cent was allowed for collecting. The road tax was $11.17^ in Mill Creek Township; 149.65 in Darby, and $95.02|^ in Union, or a total of $155.85. In 1821, the tax collected amounted to 1184.712. In 1830, the total assessment for all purposes was 15i mills on the dollar, and the total tax collected amounted to $2,436,047. On settlement with the Treasurer, the amounts of tax deducted were: Union Township, $222,628; Darby, $99,775; Jerome, $163,366; Mill Creek, $214,958; Paris, $88,584; Liberty, $421,803; Leesbm-g, $160,648; Allen, $156,096; Jackson, $206,911; total, $1,734. /69. The following shows the value of houses and lands, and the number and value of horses and cattle in the county as shown by the- returns for 1830: TOWNSHIPS. Union Darby Jerome. . . . Mill Creek Paris Liberty . . . Leesburg . Allen Jackson. . . VALUE OF NUMBEE HOUSES AND OF LANDS. HORSES. $65,847 30,569 33,829 32,645 38,224 84,003 26,797 31,408 34,748 233 133 105 101 68 43 33 49 24 ^9,320 5,320 4,300 3,240 2,720 1,680 1,320 1,960 960 NUMBER OF CATTLE. 908 279 315 148 132 103 115 70 63 $7,264 2,232 2,520 1,184 976 816 930 560 504 In 1840, the total rate of taxation was fifteen mills on the dollar ; prop- erty as follows : HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 351 TOWNSHIPS. Union Darby Jerome Mill Creek.. Dover Paris Liberty .... Leesburg. . . . Allen Jackson. ... York Claibourne . Washington LANDS AND HOUSES. 148,998 31,632 83,026 20,839 20,210 46,828 41,345 33,835 35,405 20,457 24,648 22,967 20,015 TOWN PROPERTY. f 8,219 118 17,119' 124 227 392 782 223 NUMBER OF HORSES. 850 259 271 121 128 199 195 172 207 80 94 91 82 NUMBER OF CATTLE. 114,000 10,860 10,840 4,840 4,760 7,960 7,800 6,880 8,280 3,200 3,760 3,640 1,280 984 562 257 145 159 252 258 255 290 106 182 141 68 ^7,472 4,496 2,056 1,160 1,272 2,016 2,064 2,040 2,320 848 1,456 1,128 544 For 1850, the records show the following : TOWNSHIPS. VALUE OF LANDS. VALUE Tovrs PROPERTY. VALUE CHATTELS. TOTAL VALUATION. TOTAL TAX RAISED. Union $ 218,095 97,935 106,623 59,389 67,453 143,822 110,599 76,326 124,288 56,786 76,288 66,879 40,748 52,409 $20,862 858 2.239 697 $ 84,287 43,446 33,449 17,175 21,059 59,841 31,013 18,100 29,240 14,494 18,770 20,305 6,951 7,089 $ 323,244 142,239 142,311 77,261 88,512 260,726 145,120 95.283 153,528 72,002 95,941 91,885 47,699 59,498 $ 2,494.907 Darby 1,167.293 Jerome 1,601.690 Mill Creek 720.154 Dover 893.222 Paris 57,563 3,508 857 2,768.579 Liberty 1,917.026 Leesburg 1 ,469.889 Allen 1,347.679 Jackson 722 933 4,701 765.234 York 1,622.744 Claibourne 1,303.931 Washington 855.902 Taylor 1,327.231 Totals $1,297,590 $92,940 $404,719 $1,795,249 Total tax raised in county $20,276.73.1 Note. — Tax on attorneys and physicians, $21.25. The following Township Assessors' report shows the acreage of wheat and corn in Union County in ] 850, and the number of bushels of each raised : TOWNSHIPS. Union . . . . , Darby .... Jerome . . . Mill Creek Dover .... Paris Liberty . . . Leesburg. . Allen 552 519 452 489 487 622 678 267 771 Jackson 216 York 282 Claibourne 273 Washington 113 Taylor 115 ACRES. BUSHELS. Totals 5,836 10,957 8,538 8,648 7,976 8.271 10,342 11,507 4,800 15,264 8,952 4,489 4,593 2,197 1,668 103,202 1,916 1,545 1,414 1,122 1,480 1,633 1,210 1,145 1,241 898 992 970 854 493 16,413 79,090 55,258 43,533 32,388 48,195 44,760 39,535 30,957 29,885 29,4.51 31,640 37,225 8,760 15,060 525,732 352 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. The following, from an exhibit printed in the Marysville Tribune, June 10, 1857, shows the number and value of horses, cattle, mules, sheep and hogs, by townships, at that time. The average value of horses was $59; of cattle, $13.36 ; of mules, $66.35 ; of sheep, $1.65 ; and of hogs, $3.30. AGRICULTURAI, AND HORTICULTUKAL PRODUCTS IN MAT, 1881.* PRODUCTIONS. ACRES SOWN FOR HARV- EST OP 1881. Wheat 31,102 Rye. 68 Buckwheat 83 Bailey 36 Oats 4,314 Corn 43,685 15,902 1,420 657 710 6 470,597 587 1,008 866 92,618 1,664,943 15,711 417 6,382 55,466 141 87 Tmiothy Clover Flax Potatoes Sweet potatoes Tobacco Sorghum Maple sugar Maple syrup Bees (hives) 1,003 Butter Cheese Eggs In orchards 3,486 Apples 232,215 Peaches , 6,767 Pears 1 515 Cherries I 716 Plums i 143 Grapes (raised in 1880) ] Wuie (pressed in 1880) Wool (shorn) Cultivated land in 1880 107,798 ; In pastures in 1880 71,925 Inwoodinl880 48,403 Lying waste in 1880 1,865 2,438,000f 381,930? 24011 5.9335; 87,758' 10,263j5 7,652 499,830 11,200 434,68911 69,030 841§ 416,815 34,740 * From report of Secretary of State, 1881. g Gallons. t Hay. X Pounds fiber. % Dozens. B Pounds produced. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 353 STOCK. NUMBER. VALUE. 8,291 144 16,007 98,173 29,936 $545,690 9,020 Cattle 328,100 268,386 TTnp-s 108,927 The valuation of lands in Union County in October, 1859, as determined by the Board of Equalization, was $3,802,878. The following figures show the number of acres, improved and unimproved land, in the several townships at that time : TOWNSHIPS. ACRES IMPROVED LAND. ACRES WOODLAND. Union Darby Jerome Mill Creek.... Dover Paris Liberty Leesburg , Allen Jackson York Claibourne. . . . Washington. . . Taylor Totals 15,081 10,202 10,198 6,888 6,926 8,238 12,225 6,945 8,331 3,763 6,347 6,713 2,630 5,019 109,606 7,128 8,978 12,173 6,949 7,245 14,508 10,379 12,123 10,104 13,549 16,581 14,829. 14,580 11,841 160,985 22,209 19,180 22,371 13,837 14,171 22,746 22,622 19,068 18,435 17,312 22,928 21,543 17,210 16,860 270,491 The duplicate for 1882 makes the following showing TOWNSHIPS. Union Milford Corporation Darby Unionville Corporation. . . Jerome Mill Creek Dover Paris Marysville School District. Marysville Corporation. . . . Liberty Leesburg Allen Jackson York Claibourne Richwood School District. Richwood Corporation Washington Taylor Totals. ACRES OF LAND. 19, 095 416' 22, 13, 14, 19, 1, 718 807 203 649 973 022 677 037 776 523 560 571 ,819 463 271,309 VALUE OF LANDS. I 867,485 579,724 574,103 336,580 379,280 641,432 67,080 493,748 444,140 499,625 405,450 443,970 583,254 60,928 313,510 411,539 $7,101,748 VALUE OF PROPERTY IN CITIES, TO^VNS AND VILLAGES. 82,213 11.290 23,820 1,280 9,210 501,014 9,500 80,470 2,220 3,800 5,380 209,154 "15,475 $904,826 354 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. The following shows the valuation of real and town property, and the tax raised, in 1860: TOWNSHIPS. VALUE REAL PROPEETY. VALUE TOWN PROPERTY. TOTAL TAX RAISED, Union $457,813 363,285 357,957 208,612 204.238 347,464 264.692 253,111 245,715 174,610 258,060 241,504 146,973 194,369 $18,019 10,008 4,942 2,220 4,974 131.488 7,474 4,738 $4,473,818 Darby 3,434.295 Jerome 3,266.091 Mill Creelc 1,950.205 Dover 2,238.568 Paris 5,861.175 Liberty 2,993.826 Leesburg 2,655.847 Allen 1,990.303 Jackson 4,613 2,268 18,929 1,702.621 York 3.525. 1S4 Clfiibourne 3,973.644 1,660.784 Tavlor 3,374.111 SCHOOL STATISTICS FOB THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1882. TOWNSHIPS. TOTAL RECEIPTS DURING Y-EAR FOR ALL PURPOSES. Union Darby Jerome Mill Creek Dover Paris Liberty Leesburg Allen Jackson Y^ork Claibonrne Washington Taylor Marysville District. Richwood District.. Totals $100,390 77 $ 14, 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 7, 4, 5, 8, 4, 4, 13, 9 685 96 955 70 263 45 773 13 396 65 996 39 941 04 491 75 671 40 313 93 417 64 303 16 534 13 363 30 163 67 433 58 PAID TEACHERS DURING YEAR. 4,375 00 2.337 56 3,761 90 1.843 50 1,736 47 3,153 80 3,696 00 3,685 00 2,409 71 3,313 35 3,641 68 1,877 05 1,801 00 3,399 17 6.084 79 3,766 00 $42,580 88 TOTAL EXPENDI- TURICS. $10,047 88 3,740 95 3,522 46 3,190 13 4,170 79 2,602 81 4,514 14 3,313 97 3,837 55 3,398 37 3,007 40 3,663 12 3,174 52 3,159 58 12.162 67 7,662 83 $74,169 16 In 1870, the total taxable valuation and the taxes raised on the same were as follows : TOWNSHIPS. Union Darby Jerome Mill Creek .... Dover Paris Liberty Leesburg Allen Jackson York Claibourne Washington...; Taylor Marysville Richwood Milford Center . Totals $7,065,113 $149.674 98 TOTAL TAXABLE VALUATION. TOTAL TAXES RAISED. $ 780,798 $ 12,867 73 617.751 11,190 13 600,962 10.283 94 336.308 6.094 54 341,334 7.037 25 471,773 9,799 36 490,003 7,441 31 395,568 11,296 23 508,664 10,743 57 281,162 8,548 63 370,578 7,454 24 512,353 12,979 13 232.833 4,067 95 406.138 8,041 47 495,139 16,023 90 139,376 3,735 47 86,383 1,970 14 ^(rm^^^^ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 557 TOWNSHII'S. Union Mil ford Corporation Darby UnioDville Corporation. . . Jerome Mill Creek Dover Paris Marysville School District. Marysville Corporation. . Liberty Leesburg Allen Jackson York Claibourne RicJiwood School District. Rich wood Corporation. . . . Washington Taylor Sr)eclal ditch tax Gravel road tax Totals. VALUK OF CHATTEL PEOFEBTy. I 287.088 44,841 288, y50 10,095 2.^0,681 14.j,41."j \m;m) n,mr, 354.915 183,661 187,347 191,536 124,435 172,952 176,370 15,686 14^,760 94,a56 152,137 $3,157,686 TOTAL VALOATIOK. 1,154,573 127,054 868,074 21,385 854,604 483,275 "•29,026 807,792 84,745 855,929 686,9f>9 661,957 693,381 533,685 622,302 759,624 76,614 355,914 408,366 579,051 T<^rrAL TAX EXCKIT DOO TAX. * 20, 13 $11,164,260 14 676 05 206 28 535 47 521 20 337 75 796 42 5bl 52 fi59 49 856 93 172 24 646 62 629 81 Hii) 64 136 19 122 38 745 55 127 35 34^ 64 642 86 474 92 147 86 913 22 1307,113 45 T0WK8HIPS. 1 hi « M & III « 3 a C ^ £- 'il '1 ^ . i !i 22 cs© S * VALUK Oli" SCHOOL PROPERTY. Union 10 10 11 9 7 11 10 10 10 12 11 10 8 11 1 1 10 10 11 9 7 11 10 10 10 12 11 10 8 11 2 1 14 11 13 9 8 11 1 10 11 1 11 10 8 11 11 8 $21,300 Darby 5,000 Jerome 12,000 Mill Creek 5,400 Dover 4,500 Paris 7,000 Liberty Leesburg 10,0(X) Allen 8,000 Jackson 4,000 York 6,276.50 Claibourne lO.fXXJ Washington 3,000 Taylor 8,800 Mar3'sville District 50.000 Richwood District Totals 142 143 169 $155,276.50 358 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. TOWNSHIPS. BOYS EN- ROLLED DURING YEAR. GIRLS EN- ROLLED DURING YEAR. TOTAL AVER- AGE MONTH- LY- ENROLL- MENT. TOTAL AV- ERAGE DAILY AT- TENDANCE. TOTAL NUM- BER PUPILS ENROLLED BETWEEN 16 AND 21 YEARS OF AGE. Union 267 . 132 218 163 157 205 231 273 200 205 261 197 194 265 293 205 280 135 203 135 136 174 214 270 190 185 211 207 146 260 337 191 310 213 299 227 236 247 306 334 365 330 318 329 251 395 510 304 250 253 279 193 193 196 237 289 365 268 255 353 200 415 493 267 53 Darby '. 87 Jerome ; 75 Mill Creek 46 Dover 40 Paris 38 Liberty 34 Leesburg Allen 85 Jackson 50 York 56 Claibourne 68 Washington 43 Taylor 115 Marysville District 93 Richwood District 38 Totals 3,466 3,274 4,974 4,325 921 The following enumeration, taken between the fii'st Monday in September and the first Monday in October, 1882, shows the number of unmarried youth in the county between six and twenty-one years of age ; also, the number be- tween sixteen and tweuty-one. NUMBER BETWEEN 5 AND 21 I. TOTALS. ca -^ ^ TOWNSHIPS. WHITE BOYS. WHITE GIRLS a O B o m zn ss NUMBER TWEEN And 2 Union 230 186 239 172 185 218 261 296 209 252 248 217 206 257 386 214 212 186 230 147 152 204 200 287 199 232 189 230 172 191 385 224 14* 6 462 372 480 319 337 429 461 583 412 500 438 451 378 466 823 471 93 Darby 87 Jerome 8 3 116 Mill Creek 66 Dover 49 Paris 4* 3 90 Liberty 100 Leesburg 106 Allen 2 7 "i"' 2 9 1 3 86 Jackson 88 York 107 Claibourne 83 Washington 84 Taylor 12 20 17 6 32 16 109 Marysville District 193 Richwood District 106 Totals 3,776 3,440 85 81 7,382 1,562 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 359 TOWNSHIPS. TEACHERS EMPLOYED. AVERAGE WAGES PAID. AVERAGE NLMBKR OP WEEKS. GENTLE- MEN. LADIES. GENTLE- MEN. m m S < SCHOOLS IN SESSION. 9 8 9 6 6 7 7 13 8 19 9 7 10 11 $44 42 41 33 40 34 41 40 37 39 36 35 37 28 89 45 $31 34 23 26 28 25 27 35 23 28 25 29 32 20 40 38* 25 D arby 24 34 Mill Creek 27 Dover 28 Paris 27 Liberty 38 28 Allen 8 7 1(5 7 9 11 4 1 13 9 7 9 5 13 9 7 35 Jackson 24 Y^ork 25 Claibourne 38 Wasliington 37 Taylor 25 Marysville District Ilichwood District 34 34 CHAPTER VIII. THE COURTS AND CIVIL LIST THE earliest judicial government for the territory now constituting Ohio was vested in a general court composed of three Judges, provided by the ordinance of 1787. The first Judges were Samuel Holden Parsons, James Mitchell Varnum and John Cleves Symmes, the latter being appointed in place of John Armstrong, who declined to serve. They were to adopt only such por- tions of the laws of the original States as were deemed suitable to the con- dition and wants of the people, and were not empowered to enact new laws. In the autumn of 1787, the Governor and Judges Varnum and Parsons met at Marietta, and began the duty of legislating for the Territory, continuing in session until December. Contrary to the provisions of the ordinance, they enacted a number of laws on different subjects and submitted them to Con- gress, as required. That body, however, did not approve them, from their manifest illegality under the terms of the ordinance. After the assembling of Congress in 1789, under the new Constitution, the appointments made under the articles of confederation being deemed to have expired, the follow- ing new Judges were appointed for the Northwest Territory: Samuel Holden Parsons^ John Cleves Symmes and William Barton. The latter declined to serve and George Turner was appointed to till the vacancy. Judge Parsons soon afterward died, and in March, 1790, Rufus Putnam was appointed to till the vacancy caused by his death. Putnam resigned in 1796, to enable him to accept the office of Surveyor General, and Joseph Gilman, of Point Harmar, was chosen to fill vacancy. Judge Turner left the territory |[in the spring of 1796, aiid during his absence resigned his seat on the bench, which was tilled * |45 to one lady in high school department, same as the gentleman in that department. o60 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. bv the appointment of Kotiiru Jonathan Meigs, in Febrnavv, 1798. The Judges then in oommissiou coutiuued to hokl their seats until the adoption of a State Constitution. Between IT^'O and l(Uo. numerous acts were passed which did not receive the sanction of Congress. as they were enacted rather than adopted, and tiually in the suumier of 1705. at a legislative session held at Cincinnati, a code of laws was adopted from the statutes of the original States, which superseded the chief part of those previously enacted, which had remain^xl in force in the territory, regardless of their doubtful constitxitionality. This code of laws, as adopted, was printed at Cincinnati in 1705. by William Maxwell, and became known as the ^laxwell code; that was the lirst job of printing executed in the Northwestern Territory. But very little change was made therefrom until the tirst session of the General Assembly, held under the second grade of government September 10, 1709. "The Ordinance and the Compact." says Judge Burnet, "which was the constitution of the Territory, contained but little specitic legislation. It pre- scribed the rule of descents; tlie mode of transferring real estate, by deed of lease and release, and of devising or bequeathing it by will. It regulated the right of dower, and authorized the trausfer of personal property by delivery; saving always to the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers who had before professed themselves citizens of Virginia, their laws and customs thtni iu force among them, relative to the descent and conveyance of property. In addition to these provisions, the compact ordaiued that no person demean- ing himself in a peaceable manner should be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious opinions. It also secm*ed to the inhabitants forever the benefit of the writ of habeas corpus, of trial by jury, of a proportionate repre- sentation of the people in the Legislature, and of judicial proceedings, accord- ing to the coui-se of the Common Law." The Courts of Common Law in the Territory assumed chancery powers as a necessity, as there was no tribunal in said Territory vested with such powers. Several necessary laws were passed at tlie tirst session of the Tei'ritorial Legis- lature at Cincinnati, but matters regarding courts and their powers were not satisfactorily settled until the adoption of the tirst State Constitution in 1802. Thi> General Court provided for by the Ordinance of 1787 consisted, as before stated, of three Judges. " appointed by the Presiilent, with the advice and eon- sent of the Senate; each of whom received a salary of S800 from the treasury of the United States. It was the highest juviicial tribunal in the Territory, and was vested with original and appellate jurisdiction in all civil and crimi- nal cases, and of capital cases; and on cpiestions of divorce aaid alimony its jm-isdiction was exclusive. It was, however, a common law court merely, without chancery powei's, and it was the court of dernier ressort. It had power to revise and reverse the decisions of all other tribunals in the Terri- tory; yet its own proceedings could not be reversed or set aside, even by the Snpreme Coiirt of the Vuited States. It was held at Cincinnati in Mai'ch, at Marietta in October, at Deti'oit and in the Western counties a such time in each year as the Judges saw proper to designate. " The travels of the Judges and members of the bar in those eai'ly years, to and from the places of holding coiuts — Cincinatti, Marietta and Detroit — were attended with difficulties of the most serious nature. The distances were always great, settlements were scarce and the way was rough. Their jour- neys were made on horseback, and it was exceedingly necessary that the horses they rode should be good swimmers, for it was in the days before bridges had been thought of, and only thi^ best fording places along the nnmerous streams were sought out by the tired travelei-s. Judge Bm-net. who knew from ex- perience all the trials of the times, wi'ote of them as follows: HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 361 "The journeys of the court and bar to those remote places, through a country in its primitive state, were unavoidably attended with fatigue and exposure. They generally traveled with five or six in company, and with a pack-horse to transport such necessaries as their own horses could not conven- iently carry, because no dependence could, be placed on obtaining supplies on the route; although they frequently passed, through Indian camps and vil- lages, it was not safe to rely on them for assistance. Occasionally, small quantities of corn could be purchased for horse feed, but even that relief was precarious, and not to be relied on. In consequence of the unimproved con- dition of the country, the routes followed by travelers were necessarily cir- cuitous and tiieir progi'ess slow. In passing from one county seat to another they were generally from six to eight and sometimes ten days in the wilder- ness, and, at all seasons of the year, were compelled to swim every water- course in their way which was too deep to be forded; the country being wholly destitute of bridges and feiTies, travelers had therefore to rely on their horses as the only substitute for those conveniences. That fact made it common, when purchasing a horse, to ask if he were a good .swimmer, which was con- sidered one of the most valuable qualities of a saddle horse." Lynch law was liable to be adopted by the mea of the border settlements, and one or two instances of its execution, in the form of public whippings, are known to have occurred; but in August, 1788, a law was published in Marietta establishing a "General Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and County Coux-ts of Common Pleas," and these superseded the lynch code before it had been in operation a year. Mr. McMillan was appointed the Presiding Judge of those courts in the county of Hamilton. The first Constitution of the State of Ohio, adopted November 29, 1802, contained, in its third article, the following provisions for the judicial gov- ernment of the State: Section 1. The judicial power of this State, both as to matters of law and equity, shall be vested in a Supreme Com-t, in Courts of Common Pleas for each county, in Justices of the Peace, and in such other courts as the Legislature may from time to time establish. Sec. 2. The Supi*eme Court shall consist of three Judges, any two of whom shall be a quorixm. They shall have oi-iginal and appellate jurisdic- tion, both in common law and chancery, in such cases as' shall be directed by law; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall prevent the General Assem- bly from adding another Judge to the Supreme Court after the tenn of five years, in which case the Judges may divide the State into two circuits, within which any two of the Judges may hold a court. Sec 3. The several courts of Common Pleas shall consist of a President and Associate Judges. The State shall be divided, by law, into three circuits; there shall be appointed in each circuit a President of the courts, who, during his continuance in office, shall reside therein. There .shall be appointed in each county not more than three nor less than two Associate Judges, who, dui-- ing their continuance in office, shall reside therein. The President and Asso- ciate Judges, in their respective counties, any three of whom shall be a quo- rum, shall compose the Court of Commcn Pleas, which court shall have com- mon law and chancery jurisdiction in all such cases as shall be directed by law; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Legislature from increasing the number of circuits and Presidents, after the term of five years. Sec. 4. The Judges of the Supreme Com-t and Courts of Common Pleas shall have complete criminal jurisdiction, in such cases and in such manner as may be pointed out by law. 362 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Sec. 5. The Court of Common Pleas in each county shall have jurisdic- tion of all probate and teetamentary matters, granting administration, the appointment of guardians, and such other cases as shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 6. The Judges of the Court of Common Pleas shall, within their respective counties, have the same powers with the Judges of the Supreme Court, to issue writs of certiorari to the Justices of the Peace, and to cause their proceedings to be brought before them, and the like right and justice to be done. Sec. 7. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall, by virtue of their offices, be conservators of the peace throughout the State. The Presidents of the Court of Common Pleas shall, by virtue of their offices, be conservators of the peace in their respective circuits; and the Judges of the Cnm't of Com- mon Pleas shall, by virtue of their offices, be conservators of the peace in their respective counties. Sec. 8. The Judges of the Supreme Court, the Presidents and the Asso- ciate Judges of the Coiu-ts of Common Pleas, shall be appointed by a joint ballot of both Houses of the General Assembly, and shall hold their offices for the term of seven years, if so long they behave well. The Judges of the Supreme Court and the Presidents of the Courts of Common Pleas shall, at stated times, receive for their services an adequate compensation, to be fixed by law, which shall not be diminished during their continance in office; but they shall receive no fees or perquisites of office, nor hold any other office of profit or trust under the authority of this State, or the United States. Sec. 9. Each com-t shall appoint its own clerk, i'^r the term of seven years; but no person shall be appointed clerk, except pro tempore, who shall not produce to the cooii appointing him a certificate from the majority of the Judges of the Supreme Court that they judge him to be well qualified to exe- cute the duties of the office of clerk to any court of the same dignity with that for which he offers himself. They shall be removable for breach of good be- havior, at any time, by the Judges of the respective coiirts. Sec. 10. The Supreme Court shall be held once a year in each county, and the courts of Common Pleas shall be holden in each county, at such times and places as shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 11, A competent number of Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the qualified electors in each township in the several counties, and shall continue in office three years, whose powers and duties shall, from time to time, be regulated and defined by law. Sec. 12. The style of all processes shall be "The State of Ohio;" all prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of the State of Ohio, and all indictments shall conclude against the peace and dignity of the same. The new Constitution of Ohio, adopted June 17, 1851, made considerable changes in the courts, and Article 4, providing for judicial matters in the State, is as follows: Section 1. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court, in District Courts, Courts of Common Pleas, Courts of Probate, Jus- tices of the Peace, and in such other courts, inferior to the Supreme Court, as the General Assembly may from time to time establish. Sec. 2. The Su^n-eme Court shall consist of five Judges, a majority of whom shall be necessary to form a quorum or pronounce a decision. It shall have original jurisdiction in quo warranto, mandamus, habeas corpus and pro- cedendo, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be la-ovided by law. It shall hold at least one term in each year at the seat of government, and such other terms at the seat of government or elsewhere as may be provided by law. The HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 36S Judges of tlie Suj)reme Court shall be elected by the electors of the State at large. Sec. 3. The State shall be divided into nine Common Ir'leas districts, of which the county of Hamilton shall constitute one, of compact territory, and bounded by county lines; and each of said districts, consisting of three or more counties, shall be subdivided into three parts, of compact territory, bounded by county lines, and as nearly equal in population as practicable, in each of which one Judge of Common Pleas for said district, and residing therein, shall be elected by the electors of said subdivision. Courts of Common Pleas shall be held by one or more of these Judges, in every county in the dis- trict, as often as may be provided by law; and more than one court, or sitting thereof, may be held at the same time in each district. Sec. 4. The jurisdiction of the Courts of Common Pleas, and of the Judges thereof, shall be fixed by law. Sec. 5. District Courts shall be composed of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas oE the respective districts, and one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, any three of whom shall be a quorum, and shall be held in each county therein at least once in each year; but, if it shall be found inexpe- dient to hold such court annually in each county of any district, the General Assembly may, for such district, provide that said coiu't shall be holden at three annual sessions therein, in not less than three places; Provided^ That the General Assembly may, by law. authorize the Judges of each district to fix the times of holding the courts therein. Sec. 6. The District Court shall have like original jurisdiction with the Supreme Court, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by law. Sec. 7. There shall be established in each county a Probate Court, which shall be a coiu't of record, open at all times, and holden by one Judge, elected by the voters of the county, who shall hold his oPice for the term of three years, and shall receive such compensation, payable out of the county treasury, or by fees, or both, as shall be provided by law. Sec. 8. The Probate Court shall have jiu'isdiction in probate and testa- mentary matters, the appointment of administrators and guardians, the settle- ment of the accounts of executors, administrators and guardians, and such jurisdiction in habeas corpus, the issuing of marriage licenses, and for the sale of land by executors, administrators and guardians, and such other juris- diction, in any county or counties, as may be provided by law. Sec. 9. A competent number of Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the electors in each township in the several counties. Their term of office shall be three years, and their powers and duties shall be regulated by law. Sec. 10. All Judges, other than those provided for in the constitution, shall be elected by the electors of the judicial district for which they may be created, but not for a longer term of office than five years. Sec. 11. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall, immediately after the first election under this constitution, be classified by lot, so that one shall hold for the term of one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years and one for five years; and, at all subsequent elections, the term of each of said Judges shall be fbv five years. Sec. 12. The Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas shall, while in office, reside in the district for which they are elected; and their term of office shall be for five years. Sec. 13. In case the office of any Judge shall become vacant, before the expiration of the regular term for which he was elected, the vacancy shall be 364 • HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. filled by appointment by the Governor, until a successor is elected and quali- fied; and such successor shall be elected for the unexpired term, at the first annual election that occurs more than thirty days after the vacancy shall have happened. Sec. 14. The Judges of the Supreme Court and of the Court of Com- mon Pleas shall, at stated times, receive for their services such compensation PS may be provided by law, which shall not be diminished or increased during their term of office; but they shall receive no f^es or perquisites, nor hold any other office of profit or trust, under the authority of this State or the United States. All votes for either of them, for any elective office, except a judicial office, under the authority of this State, given by the General Assembly, or the people, shall be void. Sec. 15. The General Assembly may increase or diminish the number of the Judges of the Supreme Court, the number of the districts of the Court of Common Pleas, the number of Judges in any district, change the districts or the subdivisions thereof, nr establish other courts, whenever two-thirds of the members elected to each House shall concur therein; but no change, addition or diminution shall vacate the office of any Judge. Sec. 16. There shall be elected in each county, by the electors thereof, one Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, who shall hold his office for the term of three years, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified. He shall, by virtue of his office, be clerk of all other courts of record held there- in; but the General Assembly may provide, by law, for the election of a Clerk, with a like term of office, for each or any other of the courts of record and may authorize the Judge of the Probate Court to perform the duties of Clerk for his court, under such regulations as may be directed by law. Clerks of courts shall be removable for such cause and in such manner as shall be pre- scribed by law. Sec. 17- Judges may be removed from office, by concurrent resolution of both Houses of the General Assembly, if two-thirds of the members elected to each House concur therein; but no such removal shall be made except upon complaint, the substance of which shall be entered upon the journal, nor until the party charged shall have had notice thereof and an opportunity to be heard. Sec. 18, The several Judges of the Supreme Court, of the Common Pleas, and of such other courts as may be created, shall, respectively, have and exercise such power and jurisdiction, at chambers or otherwise, as may be directed by law. Sec 19. The General Assembly may establish courts of Conciliation, and prescribe their powers and duties; but such courts shall not render final judgment in any case, except upon submission, by the parties, of the matter in dispute, and their agreement to abide such judgment. Sec. 20. The style of all process shall be, " The State of Ohio;" all prosecutions shall be carried on in the name and by the authority of the State of Ohio, and all indictments shall conclude, "against the peace and dignity of the State of Ohio." The following items concerning the courts in the county of Union are compiled from articles written by Judge J. B. Coats, and published in the Marysville Tribune in 1870: The first court held in Union County was a special term of the Court of Common Pleas, convened at Milford, April 14, 1820. It was held by the Associate Judges, David Mitchell, William Gabriel and Nicholas Hathaway. Thomas Reynolds was appointed Clerk pro tern. , and also Recorder of the county. His securities were George Reed, Joel Frankelberger and Joseph S, .iJ^^^^^^./^^ w^*^/^^t^-«^^-'>^ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 367 Hughs. Reynolds took the oath of office and the court adjourned without day. Mr. Reynolds kept the minutes of this meeting of the court. Judge Coats thinks it probable that this court completed the organizatiou of the county, although there is no entry on the record to show that such steps were taken. The record does not state who was Sheriff at that time, but doubtless James Ewing served in that capacity, as his bond was filed with the County Clerk three days later (April 17, 1820). This term of court was held in one of the rooms of Nathaniel Kazer's tavern, on the ground latelj- owned by James Fullington and occupied by a large brick building. The old structure is believed to be still standing. The court room was separated from the bar and the people by stretching a rope across the room in which the entire busi- ness was transacted. The first regular term of the court held in the county convened at Mil- ford, May 15, 1820; present, Hon. John A. McDowell, President Judge, and David Mitchell, William Gabriel and Nicholas Hathaway, Associates. This court was held in the same room and the same manner as the first one. The first Grand Jury was composed of the following persons: Clark Proviu, fore- man; David Mitchell, Jr., Allen Deeper, James Bell, Dancelot Maze, Samuel Robinson, J. Boal, Andrew Gill, John Porter, John Gabriel, Joseph Stewart, George Reed, Robert Bx'onston, James Snodgrass, Alexander Reed. The first order entered upon the record of this term was the appointment of Abraham D. Vanhorn, Prosecuting Attorney. The second was one granting a license to David Davis to keep a tavern for one ysar at Milford, upon the pr.yment of $10. The next appointed James Townsend, County Surveyor, and the next, Thomas Reynolds, Clerk pro tern, of the court. Among other items furnished by the record of this term is the following: "Ordered by the court that Rhody Stokes be appointed guardian of Hope Stokes, nine yeurs of age; Hiram Stokes, seven years; Maria Stokes, five years; John Stokes, two years, heirs of John Stokes, deceased, upon entering into bonds with James Ewing, David Comer and Alexander Reed, as securities." The Stokes children became well- known residents of the county. The last ordei* issued by the coui't at this term was the granting of a license to William Burnham to keep a tavern for one year at Milford, upon payment of $10. The term lasted but one day. It is not known positively whether the Grand Jury found and presented any indictments at this term, but it is probable that they did, as the second case upon the docket of the second term was a criminal one. The second term of court commenced in the court room at Milford, July 10, 1820; present, the full bench as before. The Grand Jurors were Anson Howard, foreman; Thomas McDowell, Allen Deeper, Samuel Kazer, George Brown, George Reed, Andrew Gill, James Cochran, Samuel Kirkpatrick, Rob- ert Snodgrass, John Porter, David Reed, James Townsend, John McDowell, Thomas Reed. George Brown was granted a license to vend goods in Union Township, paying $10 for the privilege. The only civil case on the docket at this term was that of Isaac Johnson vs. Simeon Hager — the first also on the Common Pleas record of Union County — and it ran through several terms and was finally settled by arbitration. The first criminal case was one for assault and battery — " State of Ohio vs. Stephen Kelsey." The indictment states that the jurors, upon oath, present that " Stephen Kelsey, now or late of said county, on the 24th day of June, 1820, at Milford, in the county aforesaid, with force and arms, to wit: with clubs, sticks and other ofi'ensive weapons, in .^nd upon one Philander Crapo, in the peace of the said State then and there being, did make an assault, and him, the said P. Crapo, did then and there beat, wound and evil treat against the peace of the said State, its laws and dignities." The defendant pleaded not guilty, and a jury composed of Will- 368 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. iam Burnbam, David Bowen, James Biggs, Samuel Reed, B. King, Vandiver Reed, Elias Robiuson, Ebenezer Miles, Richard Gabriel, John Parthemore, Isaac Dodd and Robert Branson tried the case and found him guilty as in- dicted. An attempt to arrest judgment was overruled, and Kelsey was fined $10 and costs of prosecution. The second criminal case on the docket tried at this term, and the first indictment found and presented by a Grand Jury in Union County, was that of the State of Ohio vs. Luke Ellison, for grand lar- cenv. Ellison had stolen a bay mare worth $40 and a saddle worth $10, the former from Moses Patrick and the latter from John McLaughlin. He was tried, convicted and sentenced to the penitentiary for five years. He was a native of Lower Canada, twenty-one years of age, unmarried and without a trade. At this term, Levi Phelps was appointed County Suiweyor for the term of five years, and Richard Gabriel, keeper of the seals of standard measures. Abraham D. Vanhorn, Prosecuting Attorney, was allowed $45 for his serv- ices during this and the last term of court. August 17, 1820, a special term of court was held by the Associate Judges — Mitchell, Hathaway and Gabriel — at which Margaret Mitchell and James Boal were granted letters of administration on the estate of George Mitchell, de- ceased. Samuel Robinson, Thomas Robinson and Samuel Mitchell were appointed to appraise the property of the deceased, and make return to the Clerk's office in three months, according to law. May 15, 1821, a special term was held at Milford by the Associate Judges, the President Judge being absent. John R. Parish was appointed Prosecut- ing Attorney on behalf of the State. A Grand Jury was appointed, who re- tired for deliberation. There were no criminal cases on the docket and but six civil cases. The jury impaneled for the trials thereof consisted of Will- iam B. Irwin (since of Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio, and now deceased), Simeon Hager, John Irwin, William Richey, Jr., John Irwin, Jr., Daniel Kent, Jonathan ^^^orthy, Moses Mitchell, Hugh Porter, Augustus Coolidge, Nathaniel Kazer, Moses Patrick. The last will and testament of Joshua Ewing, deceased, was exhibited in open court by Calvin Winget and Elizabeth Gill, two of the subscribing witnesses thereto, and was duly proved and admit- ted to record, and letters testamentary issued to James Ewing, Esq., and Mar- garet Ewing. The Grand Jury then came into court, presented nothing and was discharged. The sum of $15 was allowed John R. Parish for duties as Prosecuting Attorney at this term, and it was " ordered that David Comer be paid $1.50 per day as Director of the town of Marysville, the seat of justice for this county." A special term was held by the Associate Judges June 16, 1821, at which some minor business was transacted. July 10, 1821, the second regular term for that year was held at Milford; full bench present. " The only business of any importance before the court at this term. " says Judge Coats, " was the trial of the case entitled the State of Ohio vs. Seth Chillis, on an indictment for burglary found against the said Seth Chillis at this, the July term of court, in which indictment the said Seth Chillis is charged with breaking and burglariously entering into the still- house of one Jacob Sager, with intent to steal the goods and chattels of said Jacob Sager, there situate and being, feloniously to steal, take and carry away against the peace and dignity of the State of Ohio, and against the statute in such cases made and provided." John R. Parish was Prosecuting Attorney. Defendant pleaded not guilty, but a jury of good and true men found him guilty, and he was convicted and sentenced to two years' confinement in the penitentiary. Chillis was a native of Massachussetts, a resident of Madison County, Ohio, and a farmer by occupation. Among orders issued at this term HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 369 was une granting a license to George Brown to keep a store in Milford one year, on payuient of $10. The coiu't, on reconsideration, allowed the Dii-ector of the town of Marysville $2 per day as compensation for his services, and allowed John R. Parish $20 for his services at this term of court. The Associate Judges held a special term in this year and attended to some probate business. The last regular term of the Court of Common Pleas for 1821 was held at Milford, beginning November 13 and lasting two days. The Judges present were John A. McDowell, President, William Gabriel and David Mitchell, xlssociates. On the second day of this term, Eichard Gabriel was appointed County Recorder 2^''*^ tern., having the day before been ap- pointed Clerk 2^i'o tern. Certain probate matters were attended to, and a num- ber of criminal cases were tried. Court met at Milford on the 18th and 19th of April, 1822; present. Associate Judges David Mitchell, William Gabriel and James Curiy. James Cooley was appointed Prosecuting Attorney in place of J R. Parish, who was absent. The next term was held by the same Judges and the same places, July 18, 1822, and this was the last coui't con- vened at Milford. November 21, 1822, the Court of Common Pleas was held for the tirst time at Marysville, the county seat, meeting in a room in the log tavern owned by Matthias Collins and situated on Main street, north of the public square. This court was opened by the Associate Judges, Gabriel, Mitchell and Curry, President Judge McDowell appearing and taking his seat in the afternoon. The Grand Jury returned an indictment against Patrick Connor, for riot; he was found guilty, and was fined $5 and costs. At this term, Matthias Collins was granted a license to keep tavern in the town of Marys- ville. Two other cases were disposed of, one for assault and battery and one for stealing a hog, and court adjourned. The terms of court have since been regularly held at Marysville — first in Collins' log tavern, next in the old court house on the south side of East Center street, then for forty-five years in the brick court house, but recently abandoned, and finally the hall of justice, with all its belongings is found in the magnificent new temple which has jnst been erected. The days of bar- room courts are over, and the anxious barrister now airs his eloquence where frescoed ceilings and rich surroundings appear in the place of smoke dimmed walls, wooden benches, rope partitions and the rude paraphernalia of the front- ier tavern. The old court house will soon have become a memory of the past, but the echoes of by-gone aj)peals to justice and the associations of nearly half a century will cling around the spot where legal lights of high and low degree won fame or became notorious for their want of knowledge of knotty points, and were made to smart by their sharper adversaries when came the " tug of war. " The first term of the Supreme Court of Union County, under the old Con- stitution, was held before Judges Jacob Burnet and Charles Sherman, at Marysville, July 22, 182(3. The subsequent terms were held at the times and by the Judges as shown in the following: July 26, 1827, Peter Hitchcock, Charles Sherman; July 23, 1828, Calvin Pease. Charles R. Sherman; July 25, 1829, Joshua Collett, Gustavus Swan; September 20, 1830, Joshua Collett, John C. Wright; July 25, 1835, Joshua Collett, Reuben Wood; July 8, 1837, Reuben P. Wood, Frederick Grimke; June 30, 1838, E. Lane, Peter Hitch- cock; June 27, 1840, E. Lane, Reuben Wood; June 24, 1841, same; June 27, 1842, Ebenezer Lane, N. C. Reed; June 26. 1S43, same; June 24, 1844, Reuben Wood, Matthew Birchard; July 19, 1845, N. C. Reed, Peter Hitch- cock; June 23, 1846, Matthew Birchard, Peter Hitchcock; July 14, 1847, Peter Hitchcock, Edward Avery; July 6, 1848, Matthew Birchard, N. C. Reed; 370 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. July 2, 1849, Peter Hitchcock, AYilliam B. Caldwell; July 1, 1850, Edward Avery, Rufus P. Spalding; June 14, 1851, William B. Caldwell, Rufus P. Ranney. This was the last term of the Supreme Court. The new constitu- tion provided in its place the District Court, and the first term of the latter, for the third Common Pleas District, was held at Marysville, August 20, 1852, before Judge John A. Corwin, Hall and Benjamin Metcalf. Since the Probate Court was established, the following have been Judges thereof in the county of Union: 1851-54, Thomas Brown; 1854-57, James Turner; 1800-66, James R. Smith; 1869 , John B. Coats, who has been four times re-elected and is the present incumbent of the position. CONGRESSMEN FROM UNION COUNTY. 1866 — Cornelius S. Hamilton; deceased during term of office. 1872 — James W. Robinson; held one term. STATE SENATORS FROM THIS DISTRICT. 1820-21 — Joseph Foos; district composed of the counties of Franklin, Delaware, Madison and Union. 1822 — Henxy Brown. 1823 — James Kooken; district, Franklin, Madison, Union, Delaware, Marion and Crawford Counties. 1824-27 — Joseph Foos; district, Franklin, Madison and Union Counties. 1828 — Not given in authorities consulted. 1829 — William Fielding — Logan, Shelby, Union and Madison Counties. 1830-31— John Shelby. 1832-35 — Philip Lewis — Madison, Union, Logan, Hardin and Hancock Counties. 1836-37 — Hezekiah Gorton — Marion, Crawford, Delaware and Union Counties. 1838-39— Benjamin F. Allen. 1840 — No record in tables consulted. 1841 — Benjamin F. Stanton; resigned July 25, 1842 — Champaign, Logan and Union Counties. 1842 — Same; elected to fill vacancy caused by resignation. 1843-44— John Gabriel, Jr. 1845-46 — Ira A. Bean — Logan, Champaign, Union and Hardin Counties. 1847-48— Joshua Judy. 1849-50 — William Lawrence — Logan, Hardin, Union and Madison Counties. 1852— John J. Williams. 1854 — William Lawrence. 1856 — Cornelius S. Hamilton. 1858— Conduce H. Gatch. 1860— T. B. Fisher. 1862— John Hood. 1864— William H. West. 1866— P. B. Cole. 1868 — Solomon Kraner. 1870— John Bartram. 1872— Isaac S. Gardner. 1875— M. C. Lawrence. 1876— William W. Beatty. 1878— Hylas Sabine. 1880-82— Luther M. Strong. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 371 REPRESENTATIVES IN STATE LEGISLATURE. James Curry, representative from Madison County in 1819-20, introduced the bill for the erection of Union County, which was passed at that session. Mr. Curry's home was in the new county. 1820 — Isaac Miner; district composed of Madison and Union Counties. 1821— William Lewis. 1822 — Nicholas Hathaway. 1823— Eobert Hume. 1824-26— Philip Lewis. 1827-28 — Reuben P. Mann; district changed in 1828 to include the counties of Union, Madison, Logan and Hardin. 1829 — Lanson Curtis. 1830 — John T. Chenowith — Logan, Madison and Union Counties. 1831-33— Samuel Newell. 1834-35 — Nicholas Hathaway. 1836 — Otway Curry, John Carey — Marion, Crawford and Union Coun- ties. 1837— Otway Curry, Stephen Fowler. 1838 — John Campbell, Stephen Fowler. 1839— Guy C. Worth, James H Goodman. 1840 — William C. Lawrence — Champaign, Logan and Union Counties. 1841— Same — Logan and Union Counties. 1842— Otway Curry. 1843— William McBeth. 1844 — No record found. 1845-46 — William Richie — Champaign and Union Counties. 1847— Jesse C. Phillips. 1848-49 — Josiah S. Copeland^Union and Marion Counties. 1850— Philander B. C^ole. 1852 — Same, from Union County alone. 1854 — Joshud Judy. 1856- William Gabriel. 1858-60 — James W. Robinson. 1862— William H. Robb. 1864 — Amos J. Sterling; resigned and James W. Robinson elected to fill vacancy. 1866-68 — Maecenas C. Lawrence. 1870-72— A. James Sterling. 1874— William H. Conknght. 1876 — French Garwood. 1878— William H. Conkright. 3880-82- A. B. Robinson. COUNTY AUDITORS. 1821-23, Clark Provin; 1823-37, Levi Phelps; 1837-39, Silas G. Strong; 1839-41, Stephen McLain; 1841-43. Oliver C. Kennedy; 1843-48, John JoliDson; 1848-52, Andrew McNeil; 1852-54, Joseph Newlove; 1854-56, John F. Sabine; 1856-58. Hylas Sabine; 1858-60, James A. Henderson; 1860-66, Joseph Newlove; 1866-75, John Wiley; 1875-83, Will L. Curry. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.* 1820, Robert Nelson, David Comer, H(mry Sager; 1821, Robert Nelson; 1822, Matthias Collins; 1823, Henry Sager; 1824, Robert Nelson; 1825, * Given as elected in each year. 372 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. George Reed; 1826-27, James Herd; 1S2S, Elias Robinson; 1829, Henry Sager; 1830, James Herd; 1831, William B. Irwin; 1832, David Galland; 1833, James Herd; 1834, William B. Irwin; 1835, David Galland; 1836, James Herd; 1837, William B. Irwiu; 1838, John P. Brookins; 1839, Joshua Judy; 1840, William B. Irwin, 1841, John P. Brookins; 1842, Joshua Judy; 1843, Jesse Gill; 1844, AYilliam Hamilton; 1845, returns missing; 1846, John W. Robinson; 1847, William Hamilton, Joshua Marshall; 1848. Joshua Mar- shall; 1849, John W. Robinson, 1850, M. H. Wadham, William T. Fulton; 1851, William T. Fulton; 1852, Nelson Cone; 1853, William Porter; 1854, William T. Fiilton; 1855, Nelson Cone; 1856, Jacob Parthemore; 1857. Andrew McNeil; 1858, William R. Webb; 1859, Joseph K. Richev; i860, Andrew McNeil; 1861, W. H. H. Titus; 1862, William R. Webb; 1863. Joseph K Richey; 1864, John Cheney; 1865. Robert D. Reed; 1866, James Fulliugton (to nil vacancy caused by death of R. D. Reed), Jehu Gray; 1867, E. D. Smith; 1868, James Fullington; 1869, Jehu Grav; 1870, J. K. Richey; 1871, James Fullington; 1872, Lorenzo Cheney; 1873. R. T. McAllister; 1874, James Fullington; 1875, Jehu Grav; 1876, James B. Whelpley; 1877, John K. Dodge; 1878, James T. Mahaffey; 1879, James B. Whelpley; 1880, Nathan Howard; 1881, Uriah Cahi 11; 1882, Luther Liggett. COUNTY TREASURERS. 1821-22. no record; 1823, Richard Gabriel; 1824-25, Alexander Robin- sou; 1826-27, James Boal. All the foregoing were appointed to the office; those elected have been as follows: 1827-33, Stephen McLain; 1833-45, Alex- ander Pollock; 1845-51. Cyprian Lee; 1851-55, Joshua Marshall; 1855-57, John Barbour; 1857-61, E. L. Reynolds; 1861, David D. Welsh; died in office and A. F. Wilkins aopoiuted to till vacancy; 1863-65, Samuel S. Jew- ell; 1865-69, William H. Robb; 1869-71, James R. Russell; died after second election and J. B. Whelpley appointed to fill out hir* unexpired term; 1873-77, Samuel S. Jewell; 1877-79, George W. Court; 1879-83, William M. Liggett. CLERKS OF COURT. 1820-21, Thomas Reynolds; Richard Gabriel was appointed Clerk pro tevi., November 13. 1821. but did very little duty in the office; his wi'iting appears occasionally on the record until 1823; 1821-36, Silas G. Strong; 1836-43, James H. Gill; 1843-49, John Ca.ssil; resigned in 1849 and James Kinkade appointed. The latter served until 1851, when, under the new law, the office became elective. 1851-54. James Turner; 1854-69. Taber Randall; 1869-75, Francis T. Arthur; 1875-81, William M. Winget; 1881-84, John Q. Burgner. COUNTY SHERIFFS.- 1820-23. James Ewing; 1823-28, Amos A. Williams: 1828-32, David Witter; 1832-36, Calvin Winget; 1836-40, Ransom Clark; 1840-44. William W. Steele; 1844-46. William M. Robinson; 1846-50. Philip Snider; 1850- 54, William C. Malin; 1854-58, William H. Robb; 1858-60, Abraham Wilev; 1860-62, Philip Snider; 1862-64, Charles M. Robinson; 1864-68, James B. Whelpley; 1868-72, Robert Sharp; 1872-76, John C. Price; 1876-80, Justus J. Miller; 1880-84, John Hobensack. COUNTY CORONERS. 1820-26, Joseph Kennedv; 1826-28, David Kingery; 1828-33, William Parkison; 1833-34, David Kingerv; 1834-36, James Riddle; 1836-39, James W. Steele; 1839-41, James L.Ward; 1841-43, Thomas F. Wood; HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 373 1843-44, William H. Frank; 1844-45, James Riddle; 1846-47, William H. Frank; 1848-50, Henry Wolford; 1850-51, Cyprian Lee; 1852-54, B. F. Kelsey; 1854-58, Joshua S. Gill; 1858-62, Charles Rathbun; 1866. William Cartmell; 1866-67, Jacob S. Newcomb; 1867-68, Robert Sharp; 1868-70, Andrew Keyes; 1870-72, Thomas Martin; 1872-74, Adam Wolford; 1874-76, I. N. Hamilton; 1876-79, H. McFadden; 1879-80, Hays Speakman; 1880- 81, Elmer P. Blinn; 1881-83, Henry W. Morey. COUNTY ASSESSORS. 1827-31, John Jolley; 1831-33, Oliver C. Kennedy; 1833-35, Joseph K. Richey; 1835-37, J. January; 1837-39, Thomas F. Woods. COUNTY RECORDERS. 1830-33, Robert Andrew; 1833-42, Peyton B. Smith; 1842-45, James Turner; 1845, no record of county election; 1848-51, James Turner; 1851- 54, William M. Robinson; 1854-60, John W. Thompson; 1860-69, James Smith; 1869-75, Hiram Roney; 1875-81, George P. Robinson; 1881-84, George Jordan. The foregoing were all elected. The following held the office by appointment: 1820-21, Thomas Reynolds; 1821-23, Richard Ga- briel; 1823-30, Silas G. Strong. Mr. Strong recorded his last deed June 29, 1830, when Robert Andrew became Recorder j)ro tern. The latter was elected to the office in October, 1830. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. 1820, Abraham D. Vanhorn; 1821-22, John R. Parish; 1822, James Cooly; 1823-25, John R. Parish; 1825-33, Jonathan E. Chaplin; 1833-38, William C. Lawrence; 1838-42, P. B. Cole; 1842-44, A. Hall; 1844-46, P. B. Cole; 1846-48. Otway Curry; 1848-50, Charles W. B. Allison; resigned in 1850 and Otway Curry appointed: 1851-53, James W. Robinson; 1853 -55, Jackson C. Doiighty; 1855-59, John L. Porter; 1859-65, John B. Coats; 1865-69, John L. Porter; 1869-73, Leonidas Piper; 1873-75, John L. Porter: 1875-77, Delbert AV. Ayers; 1877-81, R. L. Woodburn; 1881-83, John W. Brodrick. COUNTY SURVEYORS. May 15, 1820, James Townsend; July 10, 1820, Levi Phelps was ap- pointed for five years, but nothing appears on the record to show that he did not serve continuously until 1845; he held the office by election from 1836 to 1845, and in the latter year there is no record of an election. William B. Irwin served from 1848 to 1854; A. F. Wilkins. 1854 to 1860; B. A. Fay, 1860 to 1866; A. S. Mowry, 1866 to 1875; Frederick J. Sager, 1875 to 1883, present incumbent. INFIRMARY DIRECTORS. 1851, John Johnson, David Watkins, Samuel Ballinger; 1852, Levi Long- brake; 1853, Aquilla Turner; 1854, John W. Cherry; 1855, Levi Longbrake; 1856, Aquilla Turner; 1857, Thomas Brown; 1858, Levi Longbrake; 1859, Lemuel Myers; 1860, D. G. Cross; 1861, S. F. Kinney; 1862, Samuel Marsh; 1863, D. G. Cross; 1864, S. F. Kinney; 1865, John F. Sabine; 1866, D. G. Cross; 1867, John Guthrie; 1868, John F. Sabine; 1869, D. G. Cross; 1870, John Guthrie; 1871, J. F. Sabine: 1872, D. G. Cross; 1873, O. B. Williams; 1874, George Wilber; 1875, John F. Sabine, E. L. Price, 1876, Levi Long- brake; 1877, George P. Cross; 1878, J. F. Sabine; 1879, Levi Longbrake; 1880, George P. Cross; 1881, John F. Sabine; 1882, Thomas M. Brannon. 374 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. CHAPTER IX. THE BEXCH AXD BAR OF UXIOX COUXTY. THE BENCH. "I TNDEK the first constitution of Ohio, a President Judge was elected by vJ the Legislature for each Common Pleas District in the State, and in each of the counties of his district three Associate Judges were appointed, who were residents of the county in which they held the oflGce. Beginning with 1820, the year in which Union County was organized, the following were the President and Associate Judges to 1851, when the present Constitution was adopted, and a change made in the courts, which is elsewhere noted: President Judges— 1820, John A. McDowell (died in office in 1823); 1823- 24. Gustavus Swan; 1824-27, Ebenezer Lane; 1828-29. Gustavus Swan; 1829-33, Frederick Grimke; 1834-45. Joseph R. Swan (O. Bowen, President Judge of Second Judicial District, presided ever several terms of court at Marysville, at the request of Judge Swan, who was necessarily absent); 1846- 51, James L. Torbert Associate Judges — 1820-21, David Mitchell, William Gabriel, Nicholas Hathaway; 1822-25, David Mitchell, William Gabriel, James Curry; 1825-27, David Mitchell, "William Gabriel, Eobert Nelson: 1827-29. James Curry, William Gabriel, Robert Nelson; 1829-34, Amos A. Williams, William Gabriel, Robert Nelson; 1834-35, John Porter, Amos A. W^illiams, Robert Nelson; in 1835, Elizm' Abbott and Stephen McLain occupied the office alter- nately, each appearing twice in the place of Mr. Williams; 1836-39, John Porter, Kobert Nelson. James Hill; 1839-40, John Cassil, Nicholas Hathaway, Robert Nelson: 1840-42, John Cassil. Nicholas Hathawav, Silas G. Strong ; 1842-46. Christian Myers, Silas G. Strong. James R. Smith; 1846-49, Christ- ian Myers, James R. Smith, Levi Phelps; 1849-51, William W. Woods, James R. Smith, Levi Phelps. Those last named held a special term of coui't on the 10th of October, 1851, in the absence of the President Judge (Torbert), which was the last term of coiu-t held in the county under the old constitution. John Adair McDowell, the first President Judge of the Common Pleas District, which included the newly formed county of Union, was the son of Samuel and Ann (Irvin) McDowell, and was born near Harrodsbiu'g, Ky., May 26. 1780. He studied law, and in the war of 1812 served with distinction on the sta£f of Gov. Shelby. November 9, 1809, he mauued Lucy Todd Starling, youngest daughter of Col. W^illiam Starling, and at the solicitation of his brother-in-law. Lucas Sullivant, removed with his wife to Franklinton, Franklin Co.. Ohio, late in 1815 or early in ISIG, and there became a promi- nent and successful lawyer. In 1819, he was appointed by the court as Pros- ecuting Attorney for the County of Franklin. He was a member of the Lower Branch of the Legislature in 1818-19. and in 1820 was elected President Judge of his judicial district. He is remembered as a man of tine personal appearance, was possessed of great natural talent and was popular. He died September 20, 1823, leaving two childi-en.* The vacancy on the bench caused by his death was filled by the appointment, by Gov. MoiTOW, of Gustavus * The daughter of Judge McDowell became the wife of John A. Smith, of Highland County, Ohio, one of tha most prominent men in the State. byEGWIIhoras &BrHY HISTORY OF UNION COUNTy. 377 Swan, the son of John and Sarah (Mead) Swan, who was born at Peter- boro, N. H. , July 15, 1787. He studied law at Concord with Samuel Bell, who afterward became Governor, and was admitted to the bar in his native State. He located at Marietta, Ohio, in 1810, in which year he was admitted to the bar of the latter State. In 1811, he settled at Franklinton, then thosfeat of justice for Franklin County, and began the practice of the law. He soon ac- quired a high professional reputation, and was employed in all the impoi'tant cases of the times. The bar at that time had many distinguished members, but Mr. Swan took rank among the foremost. He became thoroughly conversant with the land laws, and as there was more litigation at that day over titles to lands in the Virginia Militaiy District" than from any other source, he became especially noted for the part he took in handling affairs which were submitted to his man- agement in that connection. His success was -marked. He was a thorough student, a fine speaker, and had great power with a jury. His practice ex- tended through the counties of Franklin, Fayette, Madison, Union, Delaware, Pickaway and Fairfield. In 1812, and again in 1817, he was elected to the Legislature from Frankliu County. He was constantly engaged in the practice of his pi'ofession until his appointment to the bench in 1823. In pursuance of the resolutions of the General Assembly, passed January 22, 1825, he com- piled the land laws for Ohio, including the State laws to 1815-16. He con- tinued in active practice until 1843, but at length became engaged in other branches of business — banking,* etc. — and remained an industrious citizen until his death, which occurred February 6, 1860. He had been a resident of Columbus since 1815, in which year he removed across the river from his first location in the town of Franklinton. At the period when he was Judge of Common Pleas for this district, it required but little time to transact the busi- ness which came before him in that capacity in each county, and Union afforded an exceedingly small share of the work to be done. Judge Swan was suc- ceeded by Ebenezer Lane, who appears from the records to have held courts in Marysville from 1824 to 1827. His place of residence was at Norwalk, Huron Co., Ohio, and it was in the light of conveniem^es for travel then exi.sting in this region a long and tiresome journey for him to come to Union County. He was a man of ability and high character, and a sound jurist, and was greatly respected. His finely and neatly written sigoature on the old court records at once strikes the beholder with its peculiarity, and his nature — always even and unruffled — seems to stand forth in his sign-manual. Judge Lane was elevated to the Supreme Bench of the State, and while occupying a posi- tion thereon became noted for the shortness of his opinions. They were given in few words, but explained his position admirably. He was in all respects a model man, and an honor to his district and State. In 1828 and 1829, Jud^e Gustavus Swan's name again appears as Prei ident Judge of the Common Pleas Com-t of this district, and from 1829 to 1833, Frederick Grimke, of Chillicothe, held that position. Judge Grimke was a tall, slim, pleasant- looking man, and had a fine legal education. He was distinguished more for his excellent knowledge of the law than for his practi- cal application of it, but was possessed of viery good ability in the latter con- nection. He was subsequently elevated to the Supreme Bench of the State. Joseph R. Swan, son of Jonathan and Sarah (Rockwell) Swan, was born at Westernville, Oneida Co., N. Y., December 28, 1802, and came of Scotch- Irish ancestr}^ He received an academic education at Aurora, N. Y., where he began the study of law, which he completed with his uncle, Gustavus Swan, at Columbus, Ohio, where he was admitted to the bar in 1824. He at once * Judge AviSiii was for mauy years President of the Slate Bapk of Ohio. 378 HISTORY OF UNION COUIjTY. commenced practice, and soon won an enviable reputation as a learned, honest and safe lawyer. From 1830 to 1834, he was Prosecuting Attorney of Frank- lin County, and in the latter year was appointed President Judge of Common Pleas in the district composed of the counties of Franklin, Madison, Clark, Ch-arapaign, Logan, Union and Delawai'e. In 1841, he was re-appointed, but resigned the position late in 1845 or early in 1846. By his satisfactory and impartial discharge of the duties of his office he obtained the reputation of beiug one o'! the best Judges in the State. After his I'esignation, he resumed practice in Columbus. In 1854, he was elected Supreme Judge, and his record was brilliant in that position. In 1859, he again resumed the practice of his profession. His pen was wielded to advantage, p,nd numerous volumes com- piled and written by him have filled important places in the legal literature of the State. He is still a resident of Columbus, and is the present attorney for the Little Miami Railway Company; he is, therefore, enjoying a vigorous old age. His duties while Common Pleas Judge were hardh^ to be compared in magnitude with those of this district at the present day. It did not require his full time to attend to all the business on his circuit, while now it occupies the time of one man fully to look after matters in the two counties of Union and Logan. Judge Swan was always a popular, highly respected, honorable gentleman, and is said to have enjoyed the highest reputation of any man who has ever occupied the bench in this district. James L. Torbert, the last President Judge of the district of which Union County formed a part, was a resident of Springfield, Clark Co., Oliio. He located in that place in 1824, and being a young man of fine classical educa- tion, employed his time in teaching school, carrying his pupils through the common English branches and bringing some of them up into the higher branches, both in mathematics and the languages. He taught a number of years; was admitted to the bar, became Prosecuting Attorney of his county; edited the Springfield Bepiiblic in 1848; was an ardent Whig in politics, and was President Judge of this Common Pleas district from 1846 to 1851. His' last term of coiu't at Marysville was held September 29, 1851. By the provis- ions of the new constitution, the office was abolished, and 'Mr. Torbert was subsequently elected Judge of Probate for Clark County. His decisions while on the Common Pleas bench were remarked as able and impartial, although he is remembei'ed as being somewhat over-particular in his administration of aifairs. Benjamin F. Metcalf, the first Judge of Common Pleas for this district under the new Constitution, lived most of the time during his term of office at Lima, Allen County, although his home when elected was at Delphos, on the line between Allen and Van Wert. It is thought he was admitted to the bar and began practice at Sidney, Shelby Co., Ohio, and he is known to have prac- ticed at that point before his election to the bench. Considering his limited opportunities, he was a good lawyer; that which he lacked in education for his work he made up by his good, strong common sense and shrewdness. He was a man of strict integrity, was socially popular, and was reasonably impartial in his decisions. His x*eputatiou was somewhat tarnished by his habits, as was too often the case among the members of the early bar, while even at the pres- ent day the appetite for strong drink has too tenacious a hold upon very many men in public positions. Judge MetcalE died at Lirca, soon after the war of the rebellion. William Lawrence, Judge of Common Pleas from 1856 to 1865, and the successor of Judge Metcalf, resided at Ballefontaine, Logan County. He was a well read lawyer, possessed remarkable industry and energy, and was a satis- factory judge. Morally, he was without stain or blemish. He was always HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 379 pleasant and affable, and was popular both with the people and the bar. In the fall of 1864, he was elected to a seat in Congress, and resigned his posi- tion upon the bench to enter upon his new round of dvities. Near the close of the term of President Hayes, he was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury, which position he now occupies. Upon the resigna- tion of his judgeship, the vacancy thereby occuring was tilled by the elec- tion of Jacob S. Conklin, of Sidney, Ohio, who was possessed of good ability, but had not been as long m practice as Judge Lawrence. As a man, he was honest and conscientious. His habits are, to some extent, unfavorably commented upon. He is now located at Sidney, in the practice of his profession. In the fall of 1882, he was a candidate for Congress on the Republican ticket, but was defeated by Benjamin LeFevre. His successor as Judge of Common Pleas was P. B. Cole, of Marysville, Union County. This gentleman was born at Columbus, Ohio, in 1815, and in 1820 was taken by his father, with the others of the family, to a locality on Mill Creek, in Delaware County, where he con- tinued to reside until 1833. In that year he came to Marysville, and in 1834 entered the office of William C. Lawrence, and began reading law, boarding in the family of his preceptor. He was admitted before the court in banc at Columbus, December 3, 1836, and began practice immediately afterward at ihe town which has since been his home. In 1847, he formed a law partner- ship with George D. Witter, which continued until the death of the latter in 1849. In the same year, he entered into partnership with John B. Coats, the relation thus formed continuing until the latter part of 1851.* In 1871, he was elected Judge of Common Plnas, serving five years. Since the expiration of his term, he has resumed active practice, and is to-day the oldest attorney in Union County, and one of the oldest in the State. Admitted when but twenty-one years of age, his practice has extended through a period of forty- six years, in which many of the brightest lights of the Ohio bar have reached their zenith and been triumphant in their pi'ofession, only to be finally gathered to that solemn realm where earthly laws are no longer known. He is still vigorous, and bids fair to enjoy many years of active life. He is the father of three promising attorneys, who honor the profession they have chosen. Judge Cole's decisions were reasonably impartial, and in his official position he commanded the respect of the bar. His vigorous manner of ruling and of delivering decisions at times was a feature of his administration; yet he was not rapid in the formation of opinions. He discharged the duties of his position faithfully and in a worthy manner, and his record is good. He has all his life been a man of strictly temperate habits. John L. Porter was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 10, 1827, and has been a resident of Union County since the spring of 1849. In the same season, he began reading law in the office of Cole & Witter, at Marysville, and finished with Cole & Coats, the last-named gentleman being admitted to the firm in that year (1849) in place of Mr. Witter, deceased. Mr, Porter was admitted to the bar before the last term of the old Supreme Court, which was held at Marysville in June, 1851. Judge Joseph R. Swan was his principal examiner, the other members of the committee being Otway Curry, C. W. B. Allison, P. B. Cole and probably one other. He began practice at once at Marysville, entering into partnership about that time with P. B. Cole, and con- tinuing with him for two or three years. He theu, for a short time, practiced * In 1850, he was elected to the Legislature, being the last Representative from the district iucluding Union County, under ihe old constitution, and was re-elected in 1851 from Union (bounty alone, under the new constitution He served also in the State Senate two ye irs, being elected in 1S65. In 1844, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, Berving two years. 380 HISTOUY OF UNION COUNTY. alone, subsequently forming a partnership with J. B. Coats, which was con tinned at intervals until August, 1S()'2, when Mr. Porter enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, remaining until the close of the war, in June, 1865. In 1855 and 1857, ho had been elected Prosecut- ing Attorney for XTnion Covinty, and was chosen to the same position in 18()5, 1807 and 1873, serving altogether ten years, his last nomination and election being almost without his knowledge. In the fall of 1870, he was elected Judge of Common Pleas, and served on the bench until February 12, 188'2, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent, who defeated him for the position after a close canvass. After the close of the war he formed a law part- nership with Col. A. James Sterling, and this firm was not dissolved until ^Ir. Porter's nomination to the Judgeship. Porter & Sterling transacted a very large business in the collection of extra bounties for soldiers, probably more than all (^ther lawyers and agents in the county. Aside from the positions men- tioned as having been held by]\[r. Porter, ho was one year Mayor of Miirysville (about 1854), was twice chosen to the Town Council, and was a member for a time of the County Board of School Examiners, resigning the latter office when ho enlisted. He is at present actively engaged in the practice of his profession, in partnership with his son, Edward W. Porter, under the tirm name of Porter Sc Porter. Jiidge Porter's record on the bench is excellent. It is said of him that he was rigidly impartial, and made his decisions " according to the law and the evidence, without fear or favor," being very careful to seek the aid of only th" best legal authorities. Judge John A. Price, elected to this position in the fall of 1881, and the present Judge of the third sub-division of the Tenth Judicial District, which includes Union and Logan Counties, was born in Callaway County, Mo., No- vember 9, 1840. His father died two years later, and his mother removed with her fjmiily to Logan County, Ohio, where the son has since continued to reside. He received a common school education, read law with Stanton & Allison, at Bellefontaine, and was admitted to the bar in 1802. At the beginning of the rebellion, in 1801. ho enlisted in the first company which was raised in Logan County, but was taken sick at Camp Jackson and discharged. January 1, 1804, he was commissioned Fii'st Lieutenant in the Fifth United States Col- ored Troops, and served in the campaigns of that year around Petersburg, Va. He resigned in November, 1804, on account of ill health. While he was in the service he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of his county, and re-elected in 1800 and 1808. He resigned, in 1809, to accept a seat in the Ohio Legislature, to which he had been elected on the Republican ticket. The gentlemen who have sat upon the bench in Marysville have been mostly men of marked ability, and tlio district has boon fortunate in cht)osing them. Some of them might have improved somewhat upon certain of their habits, but it is the history of things that all is not perfection. The business which threescore years ago was transacted by the judges in a single day has grovvn to proportions that would astonish those who then wore the official robes could they awake and look in upon a coiu't of to-day. Very much more knotty points in law are presented, and a multiplicity of cjuestions come before the legal tribunal in the place of the old land litigations which occupied the greater pai't of the attention of the early courts. The bench and bar of Ohio have numbered among their members some of the most brilliant and able law- yers of the nation, and it is a avoII known fact that some of them tried cases in the Union Coiinty courts. THE B.VK. Among those who have practiced at the bar in Union County, are many who never resided within its limits, and of whom but little can be here said. In- HISTORY OF UNION COUNTV. 381 eluded among thorn were Gustavus Swan, afterward Prewidont Jud;;je of the district, Abraham D. Van Horn, John R. Parish, Moses 13. Corwin, Daniel S. Bell, James Cooly,* Orris Parish and Jonathan E. Chaplin; these all before there was a settled lawyer in the county of Union. Of these, all but Swan, Corwin, Bell and Orris Parish, were appointed at different times Prosecuting Attorney for this county, Vanhorn V^eing the first, in 1820. He lived at Lon- don, Madison County, the Messrs. Parish at Columbus, and Cooly, Tiell, Corwin and Chaplin at Urbana, Champaign County. Mr. Cooly was one of the earliest lawyers to locate at Urbana, and in July, 1820, was appointed to the Court of Peru, South America, Charge d' Affaires, of th(5 United States. It is Haid he was sent down there to " get him out of the way of Joseph Vance," who had political aspirations which he feared Cooly might defeat if allowed to remain at home. Mr. Cooly died at Lima, Peru, after a violent bilious attack, on Sunday, April 24, 1828, and his memory is greatly revered at his old home. Benjamin Stanton, a well known and i)romin(;nt lawyer of Logan County, practiced considerably in Union County. The first hiwyer who came to Union County, with a view of settling, was a man named Barlow, who arrived in Marysville aljout 1828-30, and boarded for a short time with Silas Gr. Strong. He soon departed for other fields, and this is all that can be learned of him. It will be the endeavor, in this chap- ter, to give the various attorneys, as nearly as possible, in the order of their admission to the bar; but as in numerous instances dates can only be approxi- mately given, slight mistakes may occur. In all cases where these dates are not definitely known, reliance is had upon the memory of the oldest legal gen- tlemen in the county — Judges Cole and Coats, Hon. James W. Robinson and Judge Porter. The first lawyer who located permanently in Union County, and one who Vxicame one of its most prominent citizens, was William C. Lawrence, who was .born in Beaver, Beaver Co., Perm., March 2, 1804. He was one of seven children, and when he was quite young his fatht^r, John Lawrence, moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio, locating on the State road midway between Marysville and Delaware, in what is now Delaware County. William C. Lawrence lived on his father's farm and attended the country schools of his neighborhood. At the age of seventeen or eighteen years, ho entered Washington College, in Pennsylvania, where he received a thorough course, during his last year re- viewing and studying the Greek language. By a judicious disposition of his time while in coliegp, he was enabled to accomplish much more than many of his classmates, and emerge from the school in excellent health and with vigor unimpaired. After being graduated he returned to his home in Ohio, and shortly after, having a desire to see and Vjecome acquainted with the South, he set out for that country. He taught a Latin school one year in Alal:)ama, and a mixed school one year in Tennessee, and then pushed on to New Orleans. He remained in the South about four years, and read law while teaching. After his return home, he continued in the pursuit of legal knowledge, and was admitted to practice at Medina. Medina Co., Ohio, about the autumn of 1831. He had, in April, 1831, entered into a matrimonial alliance with Rosanna Piper, of Delaware County. Her father, Robert Piper, had made a location in Union County, but died while on the way there with his good.s, after settling his family upon his purchase. In June, 1831, Mr. Lawrence removed with his bride to Marysville, which was then a very small and insignificant village, notwithstanding it was the seat of government for Union County. Rooms were rented for a time in the hotel which is now known as the American House, and which was then but two years of age. Not long after, Mr. Lawrence pur- • ThU name i» apellea elsewhere Cooley. 382 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. chased an acre of grouDd in the eastern part of town, upon which was a small, unfinished house. This was fitted up by its new owner, and occupied two or three years. The family next moved upon the property at the northwest cor- ner of Main and South streets, now occupied by the family of D. G. Cross. Mr. Lawrence was possessed of a remarkable memory, and to such an extent did he rely upon it that he never troubled himst^lf about keeping a set of books. All his accounts were " in his head," and as it was never his cus- tom to look after them very closely, the result was that his death destroyed the record, and the family lost probably many thousand dollars, of which the greater part could have been collected, if he had taken tht> pains to make minutes of his dues. He realized the importance of such a step during the last days of his life, but it was then too late. He had an extensive practice during his entire residence in Marysville, and was known as a sharp and brilliant lawyer. No point in a case that would give him the slightest advan- tage was ever overlooked, and he often brought discomfiture upon his oppo- nents in a manner even ludicrous. His practice extended over the counties of Union, Hardin. Logan. Franklin, Delaware, Marion and Champaign. From 1833 to 1838, he was Prosecuting Attorney for Union County, and some of the indictments drawn up by him indicate the witty characteristics of the man. Strange as it may seem, many of the offenders who were brought to trial in those days were charged with stealing hogs, said animals being hardly con- sidered domestic, from the fact that they were allowed to I'un at large the country over, and it was a dif&cxilt matter for a man to distinguish his own pork, except when he had it safely in a barrel. When a hog was wanted, it was customary to go out and shoot it; and doubtless numerous persons had not the requisite fear of thd law to prevent them from occasionally shooting the wrong hog. A certain citizen, name now forgotten, had been arrested for stealing a hog, and Mr. Lawrence was employed to defend him. Now, the lawyer was fully convinced that the man was guilty, but, as in duty bound, proposed to do all in his power for him — and. possibly, he may have been out of pork himself. In conversation with the culprit, he said to him, " Now, I haven't a doubt but you stole that hog — your countenance shows it; bat you just divide it exactly in halves, and when it is dark bring one part to my house — don't let anybod}'^ see you^ — and I will see that you are cleared." The man promised, and faithfully remembered his word, and that night the worthy lawyer's larder was replenished by the half of a fine porker. When the trial came on, which was probably before a Justice of the Peace, Lawrence re- quested the privilege of testifying, saying he knew something about that hog. Upon being sworn, he remarked, " That man hasn't any more of that hog than I have!" It would have been a preposterous idea to accuse Mr. Lawrence of stealing, and taking him at his word the man was discharged, evidently to enjoy both the joke and the lueat. And thus was one of the many "hog cases" settled. Mr. LaWi'ence finally concluded that Marysville was not })ossessed of sufiicient enterprise to induce him to remain in it, and he accordingly pur- chased considerable unimproved pi-operty at Kenton, Hardin County, rented a place to live in, and made arrangements to remove to that town, but immedi- ately upon his return to Marysville ho was stricken with typhoid f evex*, and died at his home in the latter place on the 21st of September, 1846, aged forty- two years and six months. He left a widow and three children (sons); the former is yet living at Marysville. The youngest child, an infant but five months of age when its father died, lived but a year after that event, its decease occuring in September, 1847. The oldest son. Col. Mseceniis C. Law- rence, after winning an honorable record as a soldier and civilian, died in HISTOIIY OF UNION COUNTY. 383 December, 1881; the only survivor is Joseph W. Lawrence, now a guard at the Ohio Penitentiary. This sketch of Mr. Lawrence has been drawn to consid<^rable length, on account of his being the first lawyer to settle in the county. He is well remembered by the older citizens. Augustus Hall, from Mount Vernon, Kno™ Co., Ohio, was the second law- yer to take up his abode in Marysville, coming in the spring of 1886. He stayed here several years, was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and finally went to Iowa, in which State he was elected to Congress. He is now deceased. P. B. Cole, a sketch of whom appears amojig the Common Pleas Judges, was next, and John F. Kinney, who located in the place in the fall of 1836, was admit- ted at Columbu.s the following year and began practice here. He removed to West Point, Lee Co., Iowa, was twice elected to the Supreme Bench of that State, and subsequently became a resident of Utah, of which he was one of the Chief Justices, and fi'om which Territory he was elected as a Delegate to . Congress. His home is now at Plattsmouth, Neb., and he formerly had large interests at Lincoln, the capital of that State. Succeeding him came Otway Curry, who was admitted in 1840. probably at Columbus, and who was one of the finest lawyers and most brilliant writers the young West pro- duced. An extended sketch of him will be found elsewhere. He was for a long time in partnership with C. W. B. Allison. James E. Wilson found his way to Marysville about 1842, but practiced little while he remained here. He was connected with the local newspaper for a time, and was Deputy Clerk of the Court. He finally became a Metho- dist Protestant minister, and removed from the place. Charles W. B. Allison, recollected as a fine young man and a good law- yer, settled in Marysville at about the same time with V/ilson, and was for a long time the law partner of Otway Curry. He enjoyed a large practice; lefh Marysville about 1850; lived subsequently at Beilefontaine, Ohio, and Mar- tinsburg, Va., and died about 1880, at Wheeling, W. Va. Jackson C. Doughty, who arrived in Marysville in 1844, remained until about 1859, when he removed to Missouri. During the war he was driven out of that State by the rebels, retiirned to Urbana, Ohio, and practiced with John A. Corwin. He enlisted in the Union army as a private soldier. He is believed to be now living near Mendota, 111. Somewhere between 1840 and 1850, Edward Stillings and Hiram Culver read law in Marysville; the former with W. Lawrence and J^.B. Cole, and the latter with Mx-. Cole. Both were admitted to the bar. Culver went to Oregon subsequently, and died there, and Stillings is now a resideat of Leavenworth, Kan. Both were very capable lawyers. Stillings was admitted in 1846, and Culver about 184d. George D. Witter read law with P. B. Cole, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. In the same year he formed a partnership with his preceptor, which continued until the death of Mr. Witter in 1849. He was a bright, capable lawyer, and was only twenty-six years of age at the date of his decease. Kansom C. Clark, who was admitted and began practice in Marysville in 1849, left the place about 1860-67, and removed to Hardin County, Iowa. He was a native of Union County, and was at one time Prosecuting Attorney. The last known of him, he was living in Fayette County, Mo. John B. Coats is a native of Windham County, Vt. In September, 1842, he made his way westward to Greene County, Ohio, making Xenia his first stopping place. He taught school in that county from 1842 to 1848, and dur- ing that period read law at Xenia in the office of John H. Watson, who sub- sequently removed to Kansas and was elevated to the bench. Watson was a 884 HISTORY OF IN ION 001' NTY. nophow of Saimiel D. Inii'hain. who wiu-^ for sovornl voiu's a luombor of tho cuhinet of Prosidont Jackson. Mr. Ooats was adinittod to tho bar at \«Miia, June 17, 1847, boforo Juili:jos Hitehoook and Avory, of tho oKi SnprtMno Oouri. In 1848 ho rotiirnod to A'orniout booanso of inipairod health, and romainod thoiv nutil Deoembor, 1840. whon ho Uvatod at AlarysYlHo, Pnion Co., Ohio. Ho fovniod a partnwship with P. B. Colo, and bo^-au pvaotioo at this plat'o, Avhich has sini'o boon his hoau\ Tho th*n^ of Ooh> and Coats oxistod nntil tho hittor part of 1851. and in 18o4 ^Fr. Ooats ontorod into partnership with Jolm L. Portor, continuinjj^ two voaivs. A soeond partnership w;vs formed between these two gentlemen in I8t.>0. whieh was dissolved in 18()lJ, when Mi*. Porter entered tl\e army. Mr. Coats held the otHee of Justice of the Peace for several ye;u"s. and in 1851) was elected l^-osecutiiii;; Attorney, which position he tilled for six yeai^s. He was at ditVerent times connectixi with the press of Alai-ys ville, as elsewhere appeai-s. and in 1801) was elected Judge of i'lvbate for I'nion County, in whiuh capacity he has served ihe public to the presei\t time. The active practice of Judge Coats has been somewhat limited, and for thir- teen years, or dming the time he has occupied his present jiosition. he has, as rwjuired by law, taken no part in legal matters otlier than those incumbent upon him as Probate officer. He has held the office longer than any of his predecessoi's, and the walls of ihe room he has occupied so long in the old court house will miss his familiar presence when he shall have vacated his pres- ent quartere and " moved up into the new." where a much pleasanter place has been set apart to the uses of the office. Hon. James A\'. Hobinson is a native of Pnion County, Ohio. He read law with Otway Curry, was graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in the spring of 1851, and admitted to the bar by the District Court at London, Madison County, in April of that year. He formed an immediate partnership with his preceptor, Mr. Ciu'ry, which relation continued, with the exception of about one year, \n\ii\ the deathof the latter in 1855. Engaging in practice alone for a few years, he at kn\gth adiuittovl his brother. Col. A. B. Uobinson, as a partner, the tirm taking the name of Eobinson ».*t Kobinson, In 1800. Leopidas Piper was admitted as a third partner, and the law tirm of Robin- sons »lv: Piper ^till exists, it for several yeai-s enjoyed a very large business. but of late years this has not pushed so extensively, although it has always been good. J. AV. Kobinson was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1851. hold- ing the position two yeai's. In 1858, he was chosen to represent Pnion County in the lower branch of the Legislature, and was re-elected in 1800. In 1804, Tipon the resignation of A. J. Sterling, lie was elected to till the vacancy thus occiu'ring. In 1872. he was elected to Congress, serving two years. He was a candidate for re-election in 1874. but as it was an unfortunate year for the Eepublicans of Chio, he was defeated by the Democratic nominee. Early F. Poppleton. Since his services in Congress, 3Ir. Robinson's health has been considerably impaired, and it is owing largely to this reason that he has not been as persistent as formerly in the solicitation of business. He is a gentle- man whom to know is to respect, and has acquired a line property in his prac- tice and varioiis other pm-suits. John L. Porter was the next attorney to begin practice at Marysville, Inifc of him a sketch has already been given in connection with the bench. Horace Ballon was here at about the same time, and read with Cole & Coats. He re- moved to Logan County, 111., where he liually died. S. Morton Tucker, a native of Vermont, came to Union County, Ohio, when small, with his parents, who settled in Union Township. He read law with Cole I't Coats, commencing about the summer of 1850. and was admitted to the bar in 1852. In the fall of the latter vear he removed to Lewis. Cass Ie to the settlements. They were brave and hardy, and underwent trials which the hardest worked members of the profession to- day could scarcely bear for a great length of time. From the records of the Union County Medical Association, it is ascer- tained that the first meeting "was held at Magnet City [now Magnetic Springs], July 1, 1881. There were present the following physicians: E. Y. King, S. E. Williams, H. McFadden, G. J. Skidmore, S. S. Skidmore, S. S. Drake, R. A. G-ray, P. H. Bauer, and Dr. Gor.seline, of Radnor." A temporary organi- zation was effected by electing Dr. E. Y. King, Chairman, and Dr. R A. Gray, Secretary. Committees were appointed for the purpose of reporting Constitution and By-Laws at the next meeting, to be held the first Monday in August following. On the day appointed a meeting was held at the same place as the former one, and the organization was completed by the election of the following officers: Dr. E. Y. King, President; Drs. I. N. Hamilton and A. Boy Ian, Vice Presidents; Dr. P. H. Bauer, Secretary ; Dr. S. S. Skidmore, Treasurer; Drs. S. E. Williams, F. A. Vigor and A. Sabine, Standing Commit- tee of three. The committee on Constitution and By-Laws made a report, which was adopted with slight modifications, and the following physicians were enrolled as me.iiljers of the Association: J. Q. Southard, I. N. Hamil- ton, F. A. Vigor, S. S. Skidmore, S. S. Drake, A. Sabine, S. E. Williams, A. Boylan, H. McFadden, W. Y. Root, P. H. Bauer, William Mclntire, R. A. Gray, G. J. Skidmore, E.Y.King. At the next meeting, September 5, 1881. Dr. A. Boylan was made one of the Vice Presidents of the Association, and there were admitted to membership Drs. D. W. Henderson, J. S. Howland, J. B. Taylor, R. A. Robertson, M. J. Jenkins, J. M. Southard, Charles McCune. The Association then on motion adopted the code of ethics of the American Medical Association. By the provisions of the Constitution, the Association receives to mem'oership regular physicians in Union and adjoining counties. Article 2 reads as follows: "The object of the meml)ers of this Society, both in their individual capacity and their associated efforts as members of this So- ciety, shall be the association of the profession for the purposes of mutual 398 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. recognition and fellowship, and the maintenance of union, harmony and good government among its members; thereby promoting the character, interest, honor and usefulness of the profession, the cultivation and advancement of medical science among its members, and the elevation of the standard of med- ical education." Candidates for membership must present satisfactory evi- dence of qualification or be submitted to a rigid examination, and are elected to membership by ballot by a two-thirds vote of the members present, June 5, 1882, the following were elected ofiScers of the Association: Pres- ident, I. N. Hamilton; First Vice President, J. M. Southard; Second Vice President, J. B. Taylor; Secretary A. Sabine; Treasurer, S. S. Skidmore, Meetings are held on the first Monday in each month, Marysville being the regular place of meeting unless otherwise specified. Interesting discussions are held, papers read, and much is done to increase the usefulness of the pro- fession within this county. The following are the present members of the As- sociation: E. Y. King — native of Pennsylvania; graduated at Bellevue Hospital Col- lege, New York, in 1864; began practice in 1859. Andrew Sabine — native of Ohio; gradviate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1856; saw active service in the army during the war of the rebellion, and is now practicing at Marysville. S, S. Drake, native of Ohio; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Co- lumbus, Ohio, in 1877. S. S. Skidmore — native of Ohio; graduate of Cleveland Medical College, Cleveland, Ohio, in 1869. P, H. Bauer — native of Germany; graduate Miami Medical College, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, in 1871. F. A .Vigor — native of New York; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1879. S. E. Williams— not given. I. N, Hamilton — native of Ohio; graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1862. G. J. Skidmore— native of Ohio; graduate of Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1868. H. McFadden — native of Ohio; graduate of Ohio Medical College, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, in 1862. J. Q. Southard — native of Ohio; graduated at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1855. A. J. Richardson — native of New York; graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1868. B. P. Hall — native of Ohio; graduate of Starling Medical College, Col- umbus, Ohio, in 1882. K C. Richey — native of Ohio; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1882. D. W, Henderson — native of Pennsylvania; graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1852, William Mclntire — native of Pennsylvania; graduate of Starling Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1849. R. H. Graham — native of Yellow Springs, Ohio; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1879, N. P. Davidson — native of Ohio: graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1882. A, J. Pounds — native of Delaware, Ohio; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1881. Charles McCune — native of Ohio; graduate of College of Physicians and Siu-geons, Baltimore, Md. , in 1878. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 399 J. B. Taylor — native of Ohio; graduate of Columbus Medical College, Columbus, Ohio, in 1881. A. Boylan — native of Pennsylvania; graduate of the University of Mich- igan, in 1861. J. !S. Howland — native of Brown County, Ohio; practiced since 1876; was formerly, for five years, a member of the Logan County Medical Society. Several members of the Union County Association are also connected with the Ohio State Medical Society, as follows: A. Boylan, Milford Center; admitted in 1878. D. W. Henderson, Marysville; admitted in 1856. E. Y. King, Richwood; admitted in 1882. W. Mclntire, Millville; admitted in 1881. A. Sabine, Marysville; admitted in 1S82. J. M. Southard, Marysville; admitted in 1860. J. Q. Southard, Raymond; admitted in 1882. CHAPTER XI. THE PRESS OF UXION COUNTY. OCTOBER 1, 1880, an article was published in the daily Marysville Trib- une (issued as a daily during the County Agricultural Fair), treating upon the press of the county. It was written by John H. Shearer, editor of the paper, who had taken gi'eat pains to procure the facts it contained. The article was substantially as follows: "The first paper in the county was issued at Marysville, February 20, 18-J9, eighteen years after the town was declared to be the county seat. Stephen McLain and Robei't McBratney were the publishers and William C. Lawrence was the editoi'. The title of the paper was, Our Freedom and Union County Advertiser. After running part of a year, the title was changed to The Un- ion Stai\ and was continued by the same publishers until about the middle of the second volume, when the name of McLain dropped out and the paper was issued by R. McBratney. The Star was continued until about the first of May. 1841, when the office was purchased by John Cassil, who changed the name of the paper to Union Gazette. Mr. Cassil was the editor and J. E. Wilson the printer. The paper, after the publication of a few numbers, was, in May, 1842, removed to Bellefontaine, and Thomas M. Robb became editor while this arrangement lasted. The paper was sent to Marysville each week and distrib- uted to subscribers. About the 30th of May. 1843, the press was moved back to Marysville, and Mr. Cassil again assumed editorial control, and published the paper until the 4th of May, 1844. The Gazette was Democratic in poli- tics during the time Mr. Cassil had control of it. "The Gazette establishment was purchased of John Cassil by P. B. Cole and W. C. Lawrence in May, 1844, and the name of the paper was changed to The Argus, and it espoused the cause of the Whig party. Six weeks later the name was changed to The Argus and Union County Advertiser. Cole and Lawrence ran the paper just one year, and then sold it to James S. Alexander, who ran it about five or six weeks and stopped its publication. It was then re- sold to John Cassil. Mr. Cassil published the paper irregularly for about a year, changing it into a Democratic paper. 400 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. "Id June, 1846, P. B. Cole re-purcliased the Argus and became its editor. He changed it back to a Whig paper, and continued its publication, under the foremanship of David W. English, until September, 1849, when he sold the establishment to C. S. Hamilton, and he in turn established the Marysville Tribune. David W. and George English were the early printers of the Trib- une, and continued such until October 16, 1850, when Eckert and Cassil be- came printers and remained such until April 5, 1851. The printers then changed to J. G. Cassil and C. C. P. Davis. Both of these veteran printers are still living, the former printer of the Woodfield Spirit of Democracy, in Mon- roe County, Ohio, and the other editor of the Democrat, published at Wapako- neta, Auglaize County, Ohio. These gentlemen published the Iribune until December 1, 1852, when Eckert dropped out and the printers were Cassil & Plumb; but these dropped out in Febx'uary, 1853, and J. W. Dumble became printer. About the 1st of December, 1853, John B. Coats bought the oflice and became the editor, with C. S. Hamilton as associate editor, and J. W. Dumble and P. B. Plumb* printers. Plumb, as printer, dropped out January 20, 1854, and J. G. Cassil assumed the responsibility as foreman. In June, 1854, Hamilton became disconnected as associate and, on the Ist of Decem- ber, in the same year, Coats sold the press to Samuel McBratney and D. S. Parker, who became the editors. On the 25th of March, 1855, Parker retired from the paper, and C. S. Hamilton again assumed the editorial control, leav- ing the business department to McBratney, J. G. Cassil continuing as printer. This association, as editor, publisher and printer, continued until October 1, 1858, when the present editor, John H. Shearer, purchased it, and has con- tinued the paper ever since under its ancient name, The Marysville Tribune. "In May, 1843, John Shrenk started a Whig paper in Marysville, entitled The Union Journal. It survived only fourteen weeks, when it gave up the ghost with the acknowledgment that, ' through the unfortunate schism of the Whig party in this county, for the last few years, tlie locofocos have the coun- ty offices, which secure to them the public printing.' All the nambers of the Journal were bound in book form and are well preserved. "r/ie Eaglet was a small paper started in October, 1845, to catch the county printing, on the saspension of the Argus after it came into the hands of Alexander. It was published by G. A. Cassil, and lived only about three or four months. " The Union Journal was a literary paper started in Marysville early in the year 1853, It was edited in the early part of its existence by A. Tolland Tur- ner, and printed by J. G. Cassil and Andi'ew M. Pollock. It was a good lit- erary journal, but was clearly in advance of the times. It survived not quite a year.t "r/ie Union Press was established in October, 1858, by Hylas Sabine. It was Republican in politics, and was continued until August, 1863, a period of four years and ten months. The last year of its existence it was edited by John B. Coats. I The materials of the office were purchased by the Valland- ighamers, who at that time, in the midst of war, treason and the assailing of the government, were determined to establish a paper that would advocate ' the freedom of speech and the press,' — that was, to advocate license to assail the government and its friends while they were in the act of patting down rebels. *Mr. Plumb has eince become diBtinguiahed as United States Senator from Kansas, to which State he removed about 1854. fThe materials were purchased by J. W. Durable and P. B. Plumb, who removed them to Xenia and published a paper called the Xeijia News. This paper was the same afterward edited by Whitelaw Reid, now of the New York Tribune. I In the spring of ISfil, soon after the war of the rebellion began, Mr. Sabine went to Washington, and left the editorial management of the pajier to Mr. Coats. In the fall of the same year, Mr. Sabine went to Harvard Univer- sity to take a law course. Mr. Coats continued as editor until the fall of 18H2, when his labors upon the paper ceased, and Mr. Sabine edited it during the balance of the time until .'Vugust, 1863. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 401 Consequently, the Union County Democrat -was built upon the ruins of the Un- ion Press, and William M. Randall became its editor. The first number was issued August 26, 1863, and was continued until the fall of 1864, when its publication ceased and the materials were sold. "In the spring of 1872, W. H. Gribble, of Bellefontaine, started a paper entitled The Press, having received new materials. After publishing the pa- per about five months he abandoned it and the office, and left the place. A botch by the name of Conklin was allowed to take possession of the office, after Gribble left, under the promise that he would continue the paper, but ho pos- sessed little ability other than to ruin the materials, which he did most efi'ect- ually. He published, or tried to publish, a small sheet entitled The Monitor, which was a burlesque upon typography and a disgrace to the profession. He finally left for other parts, and the materials of the office were partly disposed of in Marysville and the balance shipped back to the ty]:)e foundry. "About the first of April,* 1874, the Marysville Journal was established by C. M. Kenton, which was soon after changed to Union County Journal, and has since been continued under that name without change until the present time. The Journal and the Tribune are now the only papers published in Marysville. "About the first of August, f 1872, the Messrs. Vaughan established the Eichwood Gazette, which was continued by J. H. Vaugban till the spring of 1880, when he sold the office to the present proprietors, Smith & Ferguson. "In 1878, the Union County Journal published during the fair a daily journal, the first daily ever issued in the county. In 1880, the Tribune is- sued the first morning paper— the Journal's being an evening one — diuring the week of the fair. Tlaese are small matters within themselves, but they belong to the history of the press and we give them for what they are worth. "The Marysville Tribune is the oldest paper in the county. Its genealogy runs back through the Argus, Union Gazette, Union Star and Flag of Free- dom, so that the Tribune, counting back through its predecessors, has a line- age of over forty -three years. "It is difficult, at this late day, to secure enough of the old papers to ena- ble us to get a chain of all the changes that have taken place in proprietors and publishers of the early papers of the county. A change seemed to be nec- essary whenever the means of a new proprietor was exhausted. From 1839, the time of the issuing of the pioneer paper of the county, until 1849, hhe be- ginning of the Tribune, the county was almost in its native forest state. The few settlers who were laboring hard to open out their farms were not in a condition to be liberal in supporting the press, and few of them had much time to spare for reading. The times have greatly changed since then. We have so many advantages at the present day, and there is so much in the way of improving the county, that we cannot form a proper estimate of the strug- gles of the early pioneers. The press of the county has done a fair share in advocating and bringing about this millenium of advancement and prosperity." In 1879, Mr. Shearer erected the commodious building in which the Tribune has since been located, and has made numerous improvements in the office at recent dates. In May, 1882, a new two revolution Campbell cylinder press was placed in the establishment, superseding the Potter cylinder press * The first number was issued June 9, 1874; Charles M. Kenton, proprietor. Started as an eight-column folio; was slightly enlarged June 15, 1875, the number of columns remaining the same and the name being changed to Union County Journal. June 1, 1880, it was again enlarged, to a nine-column folio, which is its size at present. When the paper was started it was printed on a " Washington " hand-press. In 1876, the present Cottrell & Babcockcyli'ider press was put in, and four years later steam power was added. The office has also a 13x19 Nonpareil jobber and a smaller Peerless jobber, aud is generally well stocked. It has occupied its present quarters iu the Robinson block since the fall of 1879; was previously in the upper story of the building at the southeast corner of Main and Center streets. t The first number of this paper was issued on the 16th of August, 1872. 402 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. which has been in nse for eighteen years. Other presses have been added, for job work, and in November, 1882, a four and a half horse power engine was purchased to take the place of the one of three horse power which was hardly sufficient to run all the presses at one time at a required speed. The office is now one of the best stocked country offices in the State, and the paper enjoys a large circulation. The Kichwood Reporter is the latest venture in the journalistic field in Union County, and bids fair to be very successful. The proprietors, J. S. Blake & Bro., issued the first numi)er January 28, 1882, subscription price $1.25 per annum. The paper is a seven column folio, printed entirely at home, and on the first of November, 1882, had reached a circulation of about 600 copies, with the list rapidly increasing. Q^'he office is well stocked with first class material, and with its neighbor, the Gazette, will doubtless continue to be well patronized by the people of that section. CHAPTER XII.* Log Cabin Campaign of 1840. DURING the eight years of Jackson's administration and the four years of Van Buren's, the veins and arteries of the Government, as is the case generally when a party has been too long in power, had become more or less corrupted. Many of those who were the collectors and custodians of the public moneys, had become defaulters — among the number Price and Swartwout — and the whole of them denominated as " Spoilsmen and Leg-Treasurers," as mentioned in the song below. Add to this the belief •which was chronic in the minds of many offi- cials, incumbents and oracles, that the party had the right of succession to the Gov- ernment, and were so solidly seated in the affections of the people that no human poAver could displace them, and we have the ke}- that inaugurated the furor of that memorable vear. Their grievances aroused and combined all the latent op- posing forces in the countr}', and in their arousing the\- assumed a spirit of ear- nestness that foreboded victory from the very start. It ma}' be interesting, e&peciall}' to the older class of x'caders, to recall to their memory a few of the facts and incidents connected with the never-to-be-forgotten " Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign of 1840," when the Presidential contest was between Martin Van Burcn, the then Democratic incumbent of the office, and Gen. William Henr}' Harrison, who was the candidate of the Whig part}-. That was a campaign which no one who passed through it will ever forget. It was a 3-ear noted for its large meetings and its endless hurrahs. The campaign began early in the year, and was kept up with unceasing energy till the da}' of the Pres- idential election. Man}' people did very little else for a period of seven or eight months than attend the mass-meetings and hurrah •' for Tippecanoe and Tyler too." The devices to be hauled about in processions were almost endless and as diversified as the ingenuity of man could make them, for eft'ect upon the masses. The Whigs were confident of victory. They felt it in their bones, as they expressed it, and hence labored with increasing zeal and energy. The very atmosphere seemed to be full of victory for them. The Democrats were correspondingly dispirited, and felt more than half whipped for the six months preceding the election. People went in wagons, carriages, on horseback and on foot, to attend all the large gath- erings within a radius of fifty miles or more, stopping for neither rains nor mud. It was nothing unusual to hear of crowds estimated at from 50,000 to 100,000 ♦Contributed by Judge John B. Ooates HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 403 persons, and even more. Women engaged in the contest as enthusiasticall}- as the men. Thomas Corwin, the most powerful orator of his day, was elected Governor of the State that year, and contributed no small share in getting up the excite- ment of that memorable campaign, and the victory which followed. The country at that time was full of brilliant orators, but Corwin was more than the peer of them all. He visited all or nearly all the counties in the State, and his meetings were made the occasion of a general rally, not only for the count}-, but for all the surrounding counties. He could carry his crowd to an}' point of enthusiasm de- sired, and could come as near saying what he desired to sa}', as any man living. He often made his audience laugh and weep in the same eloquent strain. No man since his day has been able to draw as many heart}' cheers from an audience as he did. The campaign received its force largely from the remarkable Whig State Convention held in the city of Columbus on the 22d day of February of that year. It was a mass convention, and every county in the State was represented by hun- dreds of delegates. The city, small then, was fairly overwhelmed with delegates. It was out of the question to obtain lodging apartments at hotels and boarding houses, and many private houses were thrown open and people laid down to rest at night wherever they could find a vacant spot. V. W. Smith, who was one of the Ohio State Journal staff of writers, gave a brilliant description of that grand outpouring, which no pen has ever equaled since. It would be interesting to reproduce it here, were it relevant to the design of this work. The contest of that year was known also as "The Song Campaign." Nearly every Whig could sing, and about every tenth one turned poet, which mul- tiplied songs by the thousand, taking in every phase of principle in issue between the two parties. These had their effect in producing the results which followed. It may not be inappropriate with the design of this work to give a short para- graph upon the origin of this song campaign, which became general all over the country preceding the Presidential election. The first impulse to it, so far as can be ascertained, was given by Otway Curry, a citizen of Marysville. He was a poet of national fame, and wrote in February, 1840, what soon became known all over the country as the •' Log-cabin Song." This was published in slips and circulated at the 22d of February convention, and was sung there with marvelous effect by the young Whigs. Almost every delegate carried one of these songs home with him, and in less than a week it was reverberating from every hillside and through every valley in the State. As a matter of history so intimately connected with Union County, the song, for better preservation, is worthy a place in this work. Its genius is incomparable; its conceptions pointed and forcible ; its sentiments pointed for the best effect ; its rhythm perfect ; its general appropriateness faultless ; and the tune selected for its conveyance to the understanding of the masses, towering and popular in its lofty intonations. It was an inspiration that literally set the whole nation on fire with enthusiasm, which swept over the country like an irresistible hurricane to accomplish the work of political regeneration. LOG-CABIN SONG. Tune— Highland Laddie. Oh, where, tell me where, was your Buckeye Cabin made? Oh, where, tell me where, was your Buckeye Cabin made? 'Twas built among the merry boys who wield the plow and spade. Where the Log Cabins stand in the bonnie Buckeye shade. Cho: 'Twas built, etc. Oh, what, tell me what, is to be your cabin's fate? Oh, what, tell me what is to be your cabin's fate? We'll wheel it to the Capital, and place it there elate, As a token and a sign of the bonnie Buckeye State. Cho: We'll wheel it, etc. 404 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Oh, why, tell me why, does your Buckeye cabin go? Oh, why, tell me why, does your Buckeye cabin go? It goes against the spoilsmen — for well its builders know, It was Harrison that fought for the cabins long ago. Cho: It goes against, etc. Oh, who fell before him in battle — tell me who? Oh, who fell before him in battle — tell me who? He drove the savage legions, and British Army, too, At the Rapids and the Thames and old Tippecanoe. Cho: He drove, etc. By whom, tell me Avhom, will the battle next be won? By whom, tell me whom, will the battle next be won? The spoilsmen and leg-treasurers will soon begin to run! And the Log-cabin Candidate will march to Washington! Cho: The spoilsmen, etc. Oh, what, tell me what, then will little Martin do? Oh, what, tell me what, then will little Martin do? He'll follow in the footsteps of Price and Swartwout too, While the log cabius ring again with old Tippecanoe I Cho: He'll follow, etc. Having stated in a preceding part of this sketch that this campaign was known as the " Song Campaign," it is proper to add that it is now referred to as the " Log-cabin Campaign of 18-iO." It may, therefore be interesting and proper to conclude by showing how the log-cabin came into the campaign as an important factor in the same, and also give a brief history of the part taken by the citizens of Mar3'sville on that memorable occasion. The idea of the log cabin as a polit- ical element in the contest, was first suggested b}' a scurrilous article, published in a newspaper, in the interest of the party supporting Mr. Van Buren for re-election to the Presidenc}'. The author of said article had visited North Bend, the home of Gen. Harrison, soon after the nomination of the latter as a Presidential candidate, was cordiallj' received and hospitably entertained bN' him in his humble home. In giving an account of this visit to some newspaper, he spoke disparagingl}- of Har- rison's abilities, and stated, among other things, that he lived in a log cabin and drank hard cider, affirming that he had no ambition to occup}' the position to which he had been nominated, nor abilities to discharge the duties thereof and concluded by asserting that if the people of the country would furnish him with a sufficient supph- of dry crackers and bard cider, he would be contented to live in his log-cabin home during the remainder of the time allotted to him on earth. This article was soon published in all or nearly all of the newspapers opposing the election of Gen. Harrison ; this aroused his friends, and the newspapers in his interest published the article, with bitter editorial comments relating to its tone and spirit. The people were reminded of the days when the3' dwelt in log cabins, were taught in log schoolhouses and worshiped their Creator in the same rude structures ; hence, the log cabin was soon brought into the campaign as an ele- ment of strength, and as such served its purpose and has become historical. Early in February of this year, the leading citizens of Marysville, friendl}^ to Gen. Harrison, decided to attend a mass convention to be held at Columbus, on the 22d of said naonth. It was further decided that the delegation should be a large one, and in all its appointments and paraphernalia should equal if not excel that of any other entering Columbus on that occasion. They went diligentl}' to work to carry out their purpose. A long cabin, composed of Bucke^'e logs, was to be constructed, of magnificent design and proportions, to be taken along as a central figure in the procession. The material was procured from the forest in the vicin- ity of the town and the building rapidly progressed, under the supervision of Levi Phelps, William W. Steele, A. C. Jennings, James W. Evans, Stephen McLain and Mains Wason. Jackson G. Sprague was the architect and master builder. This is believed to have been the first log cabin constructed for a like purpose in :iXj~' , ^, ^i^^2/^^^2-.f?:l HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 407 the State, certainly it was one of the best and most capacious, as well as one of the most beautiful in workmanship and design. As it neared completion, the parties in charge of the work concluded it must, when completed, be dedicated with appropriate ceremonies ; whereupon, a committee of the leading citizens of the town waited upon Mr. Curry with an earnest request that he would write a song for the occasion. After deliberating awhile, he consented to make the effort, immediately repaired to his residence and set about the work, and in an exceedingly brief space of time submitted the result of his labors in the song herein given. It was immediately printed on slips, a band of singers organized, and the author with his flute (an instrument on which he excelled) met with the band in the office of the Clerk of the Common Pleas Court, whei'e it was for the first time heard in tuneful notes, as it came from the voices of the band, accompanied by the flute in the hands of the author. The cabin was, soon after this rehearsal, completed, furnished and duly ded- icated, on which occasion the song for the first time was heard as sung in public, at which time it elicited rounds of applause. The band of singers was composed of the following named persons : Judge Levi Phelps, William W. Steele, Stephen McLain, A. C. Jennings, the author, and doubtless many others whose names are forgotten. After the ceremonies of dedication were over, the structure was placed on a wagon, and on the morning of February 21, the da^^ i^receding the conven- tion, it was started toward Columbus, going b}' the way of Pleasant Valle}' (now Plain City), Amity and West Jefferson ; four horses were required to haul it, and these were furnished by Benjamin F. Kelsey and Cherster Farnum, each furnish- ing two, and acting as drivers, alternating with each other. A large delegation followed from Marysville, which gathered in numbers as the procession moved forward through the county. West Jefferson was reached the first night, where the delegation remained till morning, and then started for Columbus on the " National road." At the latter place, a large delegation from Springfield and Clark County joined the procession. On nearing Columbus, the band of singers already named, including the author of the song, with probably others, took positions in and on the cabin, and moved to and through the city, their A'oices ringing out on the air, in what might very justly be termed a triumphal song. The cabin was decorated with a coon skin nailed on the outside, while the inside was furnished with a liberal supply of corn bread and hard cider, with gourds wherewith to drink the beverage. The delegation remained in Columbus during the day and the succeed- ing night, and then with their cabin returned home in triumph. An interesting and graphic account of the journey to Columbus on this occasion will be found in another part of this work from the pen of C. W. McLain. Some time during the summer of the same year a large delegation from Marysville and Union County went to Urbana with this cabin to attend a mass convention held there, the same band of singers accompanying it as on the former occasion with William C. Malin added thereto. The delegation entered the town singing their favorite and now deservedly popular song, and were greeted with a storm of cheers, from admiring thousands gathered there. Gen. Harrison was present, viewed the cabin and listened to the song. The cabin and song were the center of attraction, divid- ing the honors of the occasion with " Old Tip," as Gen. Harrison was famil- iarly called at that time. This was the last appearance of this famous structure outside of the limits of Union County. On its return from Urbana, it served its builders until after the election, the result of which is well known, when it retired fi'om the field of politics in a blaze of glory, and in time crumbled in deca}', the common lot of all earthly things. Among all the pex-sons herein named, either as builders or singers, including the author of the song, few now remain as dwellers on earth : William C. Malin alone of the singers is at this time a resident of Marys- ville ; A. C. Jennings resides in Springfield, Ohio, and still retains in his posses- sion the identical flute on which Mr. Currj' performed the accompaniment on the 408 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. occasion of the first rehearsal of the song, as before stated herein ; James W. Evans, now aged and infirm, resides at or near Lawrence in the State of Kansas, while the architect and master builder, Jackson G. Sprague, is and for many 3'ears past, has been a citizen of Bloomington, 111. All the others have passed to that bright, shining shore, unseen by mortal eye, and dwell, as we trust, in a house not made with hands. The writer hereof has given a lengthy, and what may be termed a detailed history of the origin of the idea that led to the introduction of the log cabin into the campaign under consideration, and has dwelt at some length in regard to the cabin built in Marysville, for various reasons, among which may be mentioned the following : It serves to perpetuate in enduring form a matter of interest now, and for all time, will continue to be considered as an interesting event in the history of Union County. It serves also to illustrate the- vanity of human calculations as instanced in the matter of the scurrilous article referred to. The intention of the writer thereof was to bring Gen. Harrison into contempt and ridicule. He failed of his purpose and produced the opposite result, and reflecting on his work, he may have realized of a truth that : " The best laid plans of mice and men aft gang aglee; " and moreover, it was the building of this cabin by the citizens of Marys- ville that gave inspiration to the poetic genius of the author that resulted in the production of the most popular song of that or an}' other campaign in the history of the politics of our country, the effect of which in rousing the people through- out the entire nation can scarcely be estimated. A NIGHT OF SUFFERING AND PERIL — EXPERIENCE OF TWO SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OP 1812. In the latter part of December, 1813, David Mitchell and James Mather, soldiers of the war of 1812, whose homes were in Darby Township, Union County, Ohio, returned from Fort Meigs, having been honorably discharged, came to Delaware in company with other discharged soldiers, at which place, in pursuance of orders, they deposited their arms, and from thence these two started on their homeward journe}', on foot, through the wilderness, a portion of the route being uninhabited, without a road, only blazed trees for their guide. They crossed the Scioto River, possibly on a rude bridge, and reached Mill Creek, at a point near where the village of New Dover now stands ; here the}' found the stream too liigh for fording, whereupon they set to work to devise means to effect a crossing. Procuring axes from a settler, and selecting a narrow place between the banks of the stream, they cut down a very tall tree standing on the bank, which they caused to fall in a manner to serve as a foot-bridge. The labor and exertion necessary to accomplish this caused profuse perspiration, and in crossing they found that only the extreme top of the tree reached to the opposite bank, and therefore was not of sufficient strength to sustain their weight, consequently, they became thoroughl}- wet to their knees. Mitchell, being in feeble health, and of less native vigor than his comrade, was, soon after reaching the bank, taken with a violent chill, causing sickness and vomiting, and was able to proceed onl}- a short distance, by the help of Mather. They were endeavoring to reach what was then known as the " Mitchell settlement" on Big Darby Creek, where Mitchell's father, Judge David Mitchell, a pioneer settler of Union County, lived, and which was the nearest point where help could be obtained without re-crossing the creek. The distance to the settlement was at least six miles, and the entire route through a trackless wilderness, with not even a blazed tree to guide them. The weather rapidly increased in severity, and snow commenced falling. Mitchell became too weak to proceed farther, and sank exhausted near a large tree. The prospect be- fore them was truly cheerless and disheartening. Mitchell, at this time, urged Mather to leave him to his fate, firmly believing that he would not survive to see the light of another day. The soul of Mather revolted at the thought of leaving his HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 409 suffering comrade in this his time of need, and sternly and peremptorily declined to do so but instead, went vigorously to work to make the best of the situation. Procuring a quantity of dr^' leaves for a bed, which he heaped against a tree, he then gathered bark, limbs and brush with which he constructed a rude shelter, to which he carried Mather. After rubbing his feet and legs to get up a re-action through the circulation of the blood, put on a pair of dry socks taken from his (Mather's) own knapsack. This treatment had but little perceptible effect, yet he kept up his exertions throughout the entire night— a night of gloom, of anxious and painful forebodings lest the morning would find his friend in the cold embrace of death. During the night the snow ceased to fall, the skj- became clear, and the cold increased in severity. With the dawning of the coming day, Mitchell, though chilled, severely' frost-bitten, nearly speech- less and rapidly sinking, was still alive, and by words and signs, again besought Mather to leave him; but he, as before, refused, and kept up his exertions for his relief until it became sufficiently light to enable him to see his wa}- through the forest. He started on a swift run for the settlement, taking, as near as he could, a straight course tovvard the residence of Judge Mitchell, his only guide being the morning stars and his general knowledge of the country. On nearing the residence of Judge Mitchell, he caught sight of three of David's brothers, mounted ; he hailed them with all the strength of voice he was capable of, and, in a few words, made known to them the perilous situation of their brother. The brothers immediately faced about, procured blankets and other things neces- sary for the emergency, and took the trail made by Mather, which was plainly visible in the snow. Having fleet horses, they reached their brother in as brief a time as was possible, found him unconscious and apparently dj'ing. The}' at once proceeded to pour whisky into his mouth, which had the effect to revive him in a slight degree. They immediately wrapped him in blankets, lifted him onto a horse in front of one of the brothers, and in that wa}^ was conv^eyed to his father's house, received prompt medical aid, which, with tender care and nursing, preserved his life. He never full}' recovered from the effects of that terrible night of suf- fering and was ever after, through life, to some extent a cripple, his feet and legs having been severely frozen. Mather, being possessed of a vigorous constitution and in a comparatively sound condition of health, suffered no permanent injury by reason of the exposure, and lived to a good old age. He received a land war- rant from the United States Government for his services in the war, which was obtained for him by the writer hereof, acting as his attorney ; and in that way the facts detailed herein were obtained, together with what follows, all of which was fully confirmed by Mitchell in a conversation had with him after the death of Ma- ther, who died a few years since at Marysville, prior to the passage of the act of Congress granting pensions to soldiers of the wax of 1812. Consequently he did not receive a pension for the services rendered to his country in that war, yet the land warrant came to him opportunely when he was infii-m, well stricken in years, and served in some slight degree to smooth the pathway of his declining years to the tomb. David Mitchell, soon after recovery, married, and commenced business on what was then known as '' Darby Plains," in Union County, as a farmer and dairy- man, accumulated a large property, disposed of the same, removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he dealt largely in hogs, and also engaged in packing; but eventually met with reverses, lost heavily, and failed in business, through no fault on his part. With misfortunes and losses, however great, he to the end of life preserved an un- sullied chai'acter for integrity and moral worth. When in prosperity and aflfluence, he neglected to apply for either a land warrant or pension for his services as a soldier, and in the days of his adversit}', by reason of difficulties encountered in obtaining proof of his services, by reason of the loss of the rolls of his company, together with the death of his Captain, the late James A. Curry, and all of his com- rades in service, so far as known, he failed to obtain either land or pension from 410 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the Government. He died some two years since, at Hilliard, in Franklin County, Ohio, at an advanced age, and was buried in wliat is known as the " Old Mitchell Graveyard," on Big Darby Creek, in Union County, near the place where he first commenced active life. The writer has endeavored to give a true histor}' of the suffering endured by two worthy, patriotic soldiers of Union County, who went forth to battle for the protection of our infant settlements, with the onh' object in view, on his part, that of perpetuating their memory. Mather was an industrious and worth}" poor man, and some years after the incident related, Mitchell, while engaged in buying stock for his farm and cows for his dairy, met his old friend Mather, and, after a cordial greeting, inquired concerning his present welfare, and was informed that he had just met with a serious misfortune in the death of the only cow he possessed. Mitchell expressed sympathy for him in his misfortune, gave him words of cheer, and passed on, after learning from Mather that he would pass his residence, which he soon reached. He then proceeded to select from his herd the best milch cow of the lot, drove it into the yard, and informed the wife of Mather that the cow was pre- sented to the family, as a small token of his gratitude in remembrance of services rendered by Mather to him. After the removal of Mitchell to Columbus, Mather would occasionally visit the city, and in every instance when met b}' Mitchell would be taken by him to his house, made welcome, and prevailed on to remain for weeks, and on leaving for his home would be liberalh' provided with money for his journe}'. These incidents are given, in concluding this narrative, for the reason that they show the brighter and better side of human nature, and also serve, in a slight degree, to illustrate the true character of a very worth}- man. From man}' years' acquaintance with David Mitchell, the writer hereof bears willing tes- timony to his nobility of soul (which this sketch but feebly portrays), as also to his integrity, moral worth and purity of character, through long years of heroic struggle in the battle of life to its close, that will cause his memory to be cher- ished by his numerous friends and relations who survive, while to his children it descends as a precious inheritance, more enduring and to be prized than great riches. CHAPTER XIII. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. ROADS. THE early settlers of the county had no roads other than the Indian trails or the bridle paths through the heavy forest, and even when they began the work of road-making it was in a crude manner, not to be compared with the methods at present resorted to. The first highway of any importance constructed in the county was what is still known as the "Post road," laid out in 1812, across the southern portion of the county. The continuation of Main street north from Marysville, now called the " Old Sandusky road," was formerly known as the "Portland road." An old plat, bearing date of June 10, 1829, made at Marys- ville for Josiah Westlake, by Silas G. Strong, shows this road, which crossed the southeast corner of Lot No. 4, north of Mill Creek. Mr. Strong at that time was agent for the sale of" 15,000 acres of good land in Union County." In the early spring of 1844, an act was passed by the Legislature, authoriz- ing the construction of a free turnpike road from Columbus, in the county of Franklin, to Bellefontaine, in the county of Logan, to pass vm Mai-ysville, Union County. The Commissioners appointed from Union, to act with those from the other counties in laying out the road, were John Cassil and Norman Chipman. HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 411 The Commissioners were to form a corporation known as the '■ Trustees of the Columbus, Marysville & Bellefontaine Free Turnpike Road." The first annual report of said Trustees, dated January 20, 1845, showed that donations and taxes had been received to the amount of $1,371,578, which had been expended in im- plements and labor ; the costs and expenses of laying and establishing the road were $230,125. February 24, 1853, the Marysville & Essex Plank Road Company was oi'ganized, to build a plank road between the two points named, by way of Pharis- burg. The capital • stock was $30,000, in shares of $25 each, and the incorpo- rators were : J. S. Alexander, J. W. Evans, P. Snider, C. S. Hamilton, G. A. Cassil, W. T. Brophy, Joseph Saxton, W. W. Woods, J. Marshall, Samuel Mc- Bratney and J. G. Sprague. Books were open for subscriptions of stock on the 2d of April following, at Marysville, Pharisburg, Richmond and Essex. All the incorporators resided at or near iMarysville. Considerable stock was sub- scribed, but no immediate steps were taken toward the construction of the road. May 7, 1853, the company was fully organized at Pharisburg by the election of the following Directors : G. A. Cassil, W. T. Brophy, S. McBratney, C. S. Hamil- ton, of Marysville ; 0. Jewet, S. G. Kirk, of Leesburg Township ; Daniel Kinney, of Claibourne Township. Although the project was set on foot in a spirit of ear- nestness, the road was never constructed, nor was a plank road ever laid in the county of Union, though the swamp}' places were sometimes corduro3'ed. GRAVEL ROADS. Union County in 1882-83 is one of the foremost in the State in point of ex- cellent roadways, and, although the expense has been ver}' great, the improve- ment has been of almost incalculable benefit. In an article entitled " Gravel Roads in Union County : What they cost and the advantages derived from them," Col. W. L. Curry, Auditor of said county, wrote as follows in April, 1882, in response to inquiries on the subject from the neighboring county of Knox : " Union Count}' is one of the ' pioneer counties ' of Ohio, in the matter of road improvements, and our roads are all built under what is known as the ' two-mile assessment law.' The law was enacted March 29, 1867, and the first pike was constructed in this county during that year, and we have been building pikes every year since that time. We have now constructed in this county 110 gravel roads aggregating about 400 miles, and not a toll-gate in the count}^ and we think as good roads as any in the State. We have thirteen roads leading out from Marysville, and every one piked, and our farmers can market their grain and pro- duce as easily and readily in December and January as they could under the old system of mud roads in August or September, thus having the opportunity of taking advantage of the best markets all the year. All the main roads in the county are now graveled, and the roads that are being improved this year are usually short cross roads. " Since the 1st of January, this year, fift}- pike petitions have been filed in m}' office, and of forty-eight petitions that have been heard, forty-five have been grant- ed, leaving two yet to be heard by the Commissioners. These forty-five roads are all advertised, and will be sold out during the month of May, those granted ag- gregating 102 miles. Our Commissioners and engineers have learned by many years' experience that the first requisite is to make a good grade and good drain- age, and this part of the work is very closely guarded by the Superintendent and engineer, and I will here insert some extracts from our specifications that will give a better idea of our manner of constructing pikes : '' ' The road to be cleared of all obstruction to the width of fift}- feet. All trees and stumps within the area required for the construction of the road-bed and ditches shall be grubbed and removed therefrom ; except in fills, where they may be cut oft' level with the natural surface of the ground. All material natur- ally belonging within twenty-five feet of the center line 'of said road may be used for the construction of the same, unless otherwise reserved by the Superintendent. 412 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Contractors will be required to preserve nil moimmeuts and corners to land fouud in the road-bed, and will be held responsible if the same are destroyed. THE GRADE. •' ' The road-bed to be smooth and evenly' graded (in roads of two tracks on the side to be used for dirt track ; leave no sinks or low places in the surface of the grade liable to contain or hold water) to a width of twelve feet on each side of and crowning eight inches to the center line. The sides of all .cuts, tills o*- ditches over three feet in depth or height, to receive a side slope of one and one-half hori- zontal to one perpendicular, with side ditches not less than five feet wide at the bottom, and to be not less than one foot below the edge of the grade on the high gi'ouuds or water divides, and not less than three feet below the edge of the grade at the culverts or outlets, unobstructed and continuous with bottoms graded straight and smooth, leaving no ponds or pools b}' the roadside. The banks of all ditches three feet deep and less to receive a side slope of one foot horizontal to one foot perpendicular. All culverts, ditches, or small bridges must have out- lets or side ditches cut from the road sufficient to drain them thoroughly, except those which are marked on the profiles, which are not included in the contract. These ditches to be one foot wide in the bottom, and to have their banks sloped one and one-half to one foot and to be cut to a grade of 12-100 of a foot to each 100 feet until a good and sutlicieut outlet is made. The whole grading to be done in a neat and workmanlike manner. '■ ' Contractors will be required to remove any and all earth, rubbish or other matter liable to obstruct the water wa}' between the abutments of any bridges built by either the count}- or contractors, to a depth deemed by the engineer suf- ficient for the necessary water way. GRAVEL. " ' The gravel to be spread uniformly upon the center of the road-bed as above prepared twelve feet wide, fourteen inches deep in the center, and eight at the sides w4ien completed.' •' I only give you above the outlines of the specifications of a small gravel road, and it would not be of interest to the general reader seeking information to go into the long and minute details of the specifications furnished by our engineers. " We usually put on about seven cubic yards of gravel to the rod, but cross roads that are not largely used for heavy teaming can be made to answer all pur- poses of usual travel with a less amount of gravel. Many of our roads are con- structed on what we call the • double track plan ; ' that is, one track of gravel and one of dirt, the dirt road being used in the spring, summer and fall, and the gravel ti-ack in the winter, thus saving the gravel track, which will last many years longer. As there is little ditterence in the cost of constructing the single and double track roads, the matter is alwa^'s left to the choice of the petitioners, some preferring single and others double ti'ack roads. '- The expense of constructing gravel roads depends largeh' on the distance the gravel has to be hauled and the bridging, but under the law the county makes all culverts and bridges, and this is not a matter to be considered by the land own- ers taxed for the construction of gravel roads, as the bridge fund is collected on the grand duplicate of the county, and bridges must be built for the accommoda- tion of the general travel on all roads, whether they are gravel or mud. •' Our roads now cost from SI. 200 to $1,800 per mile exclusive of bridging, all governed by the distance gravel has to be iiauled. We can usually purchase gravel in the pit at an average of $125 per mile. Our wagon beds for hauling gravel are constructed to hold just one cubic yard of gravel, and gravel teams will make an average of from twenty-four to thirty miles per day, so that a road that is one mile from gravel a team w'ill make from twelve to fourteen loads, or two rods of gravel spread on the road each da}- to the team, and #o per day for team and driver, and this work is largely done by the taxpayers along the line of the roads, thus making some of the money out of the construction of the road to pay HISTOKY OF UNION COUNTY. 418 their taxes, and this year many of our roads will be contracted entire to the tux- payers, as there are too many roads for regular contractors to handle. In coun- ties that have no gravel but have lime stone, roads can be constructed of crushed stone at a cost but little above that of gravel. " Two of our contractors during last year completed three gravel roads of crushed stone, of their own choice, having contracted to construct the roads of gravel, and although the taxpayers along the line of the road were at first strongly opposed to the stone, they are now much pleased and express a decided prefer- ence for the stone at the advanced cost of construction, as the\' are satisfied after testing them thoroughly the past soft winter that they will be more durable. " I will give you a closely figured estimate of the cost of a road made from crushed limestone : Ordinar}' limestone, average quarr}-, Xo. 1 rotar\- crushed 10-horse power engine, including all costs for stone and labor loaded on wagon, 80 cents per cubic yard, and a No. 1 crusher will crush 60 cubic j'ards per day. On the usual gravel roads, we put 7 cubic yards of gravel to the rod, but of the crushed stone we use about 4^ cubic vards to the rod, which makes a very ma- terial difference in the expense of hauling and spreading. The pikes in this county have cost more than $1,000,000, but the land owners have been repaid with large interest by the increase in the value of real estate. For $1,000,000 ex- pended for pikes, the value of real estate has been increased $2,000,000, without taking into consideration the luxur}- of having good roads. " Lands that were worth $40 and $50 per acre on mud roads now sell readily at $60 and $70 and upward per acre, and many citizens of old and richer counties are coming in and purchasing farms in this county, their reasons being that they wish to own land in a county blessed with good roads. It makes a good system of drainage for low lands, and many farms are largely drained b\' tiling into these side ditches; fences are improved along the line of these roads, new dwellings are built, barns are painted, and the whole country is improved and beautified wher- ever you see good pikes. " When the gravel road question was first agitated in this county, the enter- prise was bitterly opposed b}' some of our heaviest taxpayers and best citizens, as they argued (and honestl3', too) that first, • there was no gravel in the county to build the roads, and .second, if there was material it would bankrupt the county to build them.' But fifteen years" experience has demonstrated the fallacy of their argument, as we have built 400 miles of pikes and paid for them, and the count}^ is much richer to-daj' than fifteen years ago, and we seem to have an abun- dance of material left, and old ' .Mother Earth ' gives forth her stores bountifully, and her abundance cannot be exhausted b}- building a few miles of gravel road. " To iljustrate : About sixteen or seventeen years ago, the citizens of Marys- ville, shipped b}- railroad fifteen miles distant, from another county, gravel to put on our streets; and since that time they have learned that the whole town is un- derlaid with a superior article of gravel to that shipped, and so 3'ou may find in your county an abundance of material where 3'ou least expect it. Now those who were the strongest opponents of gravel roads in the beginning, are their most en- thusiastic advocates, and I have never yet found an opponent of gravel roads that once he has a good pike past his farm would part with it for three times the amount of tax he paid. " The citizens of this county are well satisfied with the money the}' have ex- pended for road impi'ovements. The farmers are well paid by the increase in the value of their lands, the merchants are well pleased that the\- have at their coun- ters, in winter season as well as in summer, customers who live fifteen and twenty miles from the count}^ seat, and the carriage-makers are well pleased that thev now sell twent}^ buggies and carriages where under the mud road system they sold one, and altogether we seem to be a very happy, industrious, honest, temper- ate and religious sort of people, and our advice to our neighboring counties is to build gravel roads and you will be correspond ingl}' happ}' with us. We pay our contractors in six per cent bonds that are anxiously sought and sell as readil}' as United iStates bonds. 414 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. GRAVEL ROADS IN UNION COUNTY. NAMES. NAMES. Ryan Chapel 1| Cannon Mill ! ^\ Beech Grove 2\l Shortees i: Grassy Kun 3i| Dry Run ; 4 Buckeye j 2y\ Sager Mill I 5^^ Grassy Run l^ Hannawalt 1^7^ Howey & Gamble i ]^ Bell -if I Long & Brown li| Fish & Myers 2|| Kezartee \ l^^ IH Marysville, California & Couniy Line Marysville & Pharisburg Marysville & Delaware Plain City & California Waldo 5| Marysville & Watkins j 7 Delaware & Bellefontaine I 3^ Wills Johns 2* Watkins & Bellpoint I 2| Watkins & California 1 3| Weaver ! 5| Delaware & Watkins Sf Frankfort & Ostrander 3 California & Frankfort 3j\ Ostrander, & Frankfort iS: Dublin 4^-" California & Delaware ! 5ii Hinton Mill j 6 Dover & County Line 2^ Dover & Perkins I 5^ Richey & Hannawalt j l^ Delaware & Union County Joint 1^^ Spring Dale ■ 2^^^ Henderson 2j5C Marysville & Milford j Sf" Irwin & Little Darby 1|. Irwin & Woodstock IJ Unionville ! 4| London , 8^ Post Road 16| Marysville & Unionville 6 Webb I 2| Plain Ciiy & Unionville 3 Bridgeport & Milford ! 3| Milford is: Woodstock 3^ Marysville & North Lewisburg ' 7| Marysville & Bellefontaine 8^ Conner 2§ Sabin lV Bigelow 6f Milford & Allen Centre ' SJ Clark ': ^^ Jewell & Blue 6^ Milford & North Darby ! 4^ Newton & North Lewisburg 2J Wheeler * Bennington 13 Logan & Darby 1|| Newton & Crowder 3|| Peoria & Middleburg 4^^ Potter & Allen Centre i 43^ Mitchell ('emetery I is" Darby Chapel Inskeep & Crary Dean Johnson Orchard Holy Cross & Epps Wilber Pottersburg & Darby North Lewisburg & DarDy Milford c^' Irwiu Milford & Urbana Bouudry Wallace Brooks & Russell .'. Byhalia & Mansfield Bellefontaine & Delaware Broadway & Pharisburg York Centre & Bethel York Centre & Miller Cotton Slash Wheeler & Green Van Sant McPeck Lockwood & Toby Morse & Cook Ford Davis Stony Point Newton & York Centre Newland Snediker Reed & Jollifl'. Sandusky Patrick Jones & Gi-aham Baxley & Green Snell Newion & Perkins Marysville & Broadway Marysville & Newton Richwood & Middletown Agricultural , Hamilton Richwood, Essex & La Rue..... Richwood & Pharisburg Somersville & Broadway Richwood, Somersville & York Centre. Somersville & Coon Richwood & Miller Byhalia & County Line Richwood & Bokes Creek Eastman Snyder Otway Richwood & Hoskins Rush Creek Grove Street Newton & Bellefontaine Broadway & Newton London Cook 4 HI 11 h\ h% 915 -16 H m 2:1 5i 2| 2i u 2J-5 (115 •4' 2ft ¥f 41 3 ^3 2 n n 5 u# 1 15 1^ iH 2" h^ 91 1 -IS 313 Kirby Marysville & Amrine Mill If 3 8f Si 5| 2f 71 n 2.1 2i io| 4 2| 1| 1 2tV Note.— Total valup, SI 069,770 74; total miles, 475. W4~. % c^// ^yf/^^ j^c^y HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 417 RAILROADS. Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Inclinapolis Railway. — The original charter of this company was granted b}- the Legislature of Ohio, March 14, 1836 the object being to construct a railway from Cleveland to Cincinnati, via Columbus and Wilmington. Through non-user that charter became dormant, but it was re- vived and amended by act of March 12, 1845. The road was completed and the first train run over it from Cleveland to Columbus on the 22d of February, 1851; distance, 138 miles. In 18G1, the track of the Springfield, Mount Vernon & Pittsburgh Railwa}' from Springfield to Delaware, fifty miles, was purchased. The latter road is the same now passing through Irwin, Milford, Marysville and Dover Stations, in Union County, the charter for its construction having been granted March 21, 1850, to the Springfield & Mansfield Railroad Company-. By a decree of the Clark County Court of Common Pleas, entered at the August term, 1852, the company's name was changed to the Springfield, Mount Vernon & Pittsburgh Railroad Compan}'. June 16, 1860, the road and property were placed in the hands of John R. Hilliard, as I'eceiver. It was divided into two parts and sold hj order of the court, January 1, 1861, the fifty miles between Springfield and Delaware being purchased b}' Peter Odlin, J. R. Hilliard and F. A. Lane, who, on the first of January, 1862, sold the same to the Cleveland, Columbus, & Cincinnati Rail- way, and it is now a part of the Cincinnati Division of the C, C, C. & I. After several changes, the name by which the company is now known — Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad Company — was adopted May 16, 1868. This was the first railway line constructed in Union Count}^, the citizens of which became greatly interested in the enterprise in 1850-51. A preliminary surve}- had then been made upon nearly the route finallj- adopted. The road was completed from Springfield to Delaware in the spring of 1854, the first train be- tween the two points passing over it on the twenty-ninth of March in that 3'ear. That train carried a large number of excursionists. The next day, a young man was badly hurt at Delaware, having both legs cut off by the engine while he was attempting to jump on its pilot (commonly called " cow-catcher ") as it was coming from the engine house. Between Springfield and Delaware ,the locomotive jumped the track several times. The flanges of the forward wheels of the locomo- tive, which was called the '' Olentangy," wei'e defective, and the aid of the " Goshen " was necessar}^ to pull the train back to Springfield, the passengers being delayed overnight on the wa}'. The business of this road has grown to ver^' large proportions, and its equipment is generally in keeping with the demands of the times. The number of miles of track owned by the company, according to the report of Raih^oad Commissioner H. Sabine, for 1882, is as follows: Main track 17.87 Sidings, etc 1.93 Total 19.79 The company owns 417.55 miles in the State, of which 390.62 miles are laid with steel rails. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway. — The road in Union County operated bj- this — the " Panhandle Company " — is by lease from the Columbus, Chicago & Indiana Central Company, to which the road belongs. Of this there are in the county 13.05 miles of main track and .97 of a mile of sidings, making a total of 14.02 miles. The original charter of this road was granted to the Colum- bus, Piqua & Indiana Railroad Company, by act passed February 23, 1849, and that company proceeded to construct a road from Columbus via Urbana and Piqua to Union City, on the line between Ohio and Indiana. Receivers were ap- pointed for this road June 23, 1856, and on the 24th of June, 1863, it was sold for $500,000 to three trustees. On the 20th of November, in the latter year, a re-organization took place under the name of the Columbus & Indi- anapolis Railroad Company-, and by subsequent changes and consolidations it has been known successively as the Columbus & Indianapolis Central Railway 418 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Company, the Columbus & Indiana Central Railway Company, and the Columbus, Chicago & Indiana Central Railway Company, the last name being adopted upon the consolidation of the Columbus & Indiana Central with the Chicago & Great Eastern, December 4, 1867. The combination leased its lines to the P., C. & St. L. R'y Co. January 22, 1869, for a term of ninety-nine years, renewable forever, and the latter company now operates them as a part of its own lines. The track of this road has not j'et been laid with steel rails. New York, Pennsylvunia & Ohio Raihoay. — This road was originally built by the Franklin & Warren Railroad Company, which was chartered March 10, 1851, under the provisions of " An act regulating railroad companies," passed February 11, 1848. The line was constructed from a point on the State line in Trumbull County to Dayton, a distance of 246 miles. The name, Atlantic & Great Western Railroad Company, was subsequently adopted by this company for Ohio, and by others for New York and Pennsylvania, the lines together forming a through route to the East. August 19, 1865, these three companies consolidated and became merged in one corporation, with the general name of the Atlantic & Great Western Raifway Company. January 6, 1880, after several changes, the New York, Penn- sylvania & Ohio Railroad Company of Ohio was formed, and on the 24th of March, 1880, it was consolidated with companies bearing similar names in the States of New York and Pennsylvania, and the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad Company now owns and operates the line. The stations on this road in Union County are Woodland, Richwood, Claibounie, Broadway, Peoria and Pot- tersburg. Length of road in county, main track, 23.909 miles; sidings, etc., 4.525 miles; total, 28.434 miles. About 165 miles of the road owned by this company in Ohio are laid with steel rails. It was formerly abroad gauge line, but has been reduced to a standard gauge. It has more miles of track in Union County than, either of the other roads. The Columbus & Bcllefontainc Railway Company was incorporated in April, 1878, with a capital stock of $200,000, in shares of $50 each, to construct a rail- Vjray — " beginning at Columbus, county of Franklin and State of Ohio: running thence in a northwesterly direction through the counties of Franklin and Union, and through the towns of Dublin and Marysville; thence northwesterly through the county of Logan to the city of Bellefontaine, in said Logan County." The incorporators were: J. H. Anderson, T. Ewing Miller, W. V. Marquis, C. L. Cool- ey, Robert Lamb, W. W. Woods, Philip Snider, J. W. Robinson. The road is not yet built. TELEGRAPH LINE. The first telegraph line in the county was put up in the winter of 1858-5^, extending from Springfield to Delaware, via Marysville. The poles were distrib- uted along the line early in October, 1858, and it was completed to Marysville in the latter part of February, 1859. Since that time the county seat has had tele- graphic communication with the outer world. The telephone has been recently introduced in the place, and proves a great convenience. Connection is had with Columbus, and thence with all important cities in the State. PAET lY. MILITARY RECORD WAR HISTORT T OF UNION COUNTY, CONTAINING A HISTORY OF THE SERVICES OF UNION COUNTY SOLDIERS IN THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION, THE WAR OF 1812, THE WAR WITH MEXICO, 18-46-47. AND THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 1861-65. BY ^AT. Xj. OTJIE^I?.^. MARYSVILLE. OHIO. 1883. To my late comrades in arms now living, and to the widows and orphans of our comrades who fell upon the fields where we fought, this history of the services of the soldiers of Union (bounty is affectionately inscribed. PREFACE WHO can write worthily of the services of Union County's soldiers, unless it were to write the history of almost every campaign and battle of the war of the rebellion, for the soldiei's of this county served in every department of the army? In these few pages it has been the aim to give a brief history of every organization represented in the county. Brief indeed, will it seem to the soldiers who served in these organizations when the history of one regiment, even of one companj', would fill a volume as large as the space occupied b}' the military record of the county in this history. Although I have for several years been collecting material for this work, when it is now completed I feel that the foundation has just been laid for future historians to write the history of the services of Union Count^^'s soldiers ; ray first intention was to confine the histor}- to the soldiers of the war of the rebellion, but as the work progressed it was decided to include a brief sketch of the services of the grand old heroes of the war of the Revolution, the war of 1812, the war with Mexico and the old " Militia" organizations. As thei'e was no material either written or printed from which to compile, I have woven together but a few frag- ments gleaned from the old pioneers and descendants of these heroes of three wars, and hope this chapter may not prove entirely devoid of interest, as it is the first that has ever been published in the count}'. In the preparation of the roster, the names and record were copied from several different lists, the first being that taken b}' the Township Assessors in 1865, just at the close of the war, giving the names of all the soldiers who had en- listed from the different townships in the county. While this list was not complete, it furnished a good basis for operation. The rosters of the ex-soldiei's associa- tion and of the Grand Arm}' of the Republic have been very material helps. The Township Assessors in the spring of 1882 ver}' kindly took the names of all soldiers living in the county at that date, the letter of company, number of regi- ment, date of enlistment and discharge, wounds, capture of prisoners and other matters of interest. Blank rolls were also furnished to three or four comrades in each township to be filled with the names of all soldiers buried in their townships and of those buried in the South, also the names of the soldiers of the Revolution, 1812 and Mexican war. These comrades have worked faithfully, and I am under many obligations to them for their good services. This mass of material, pro- cured without any reference to the arrangement of companies and regiments, was copied by companies and regiments in alphabetical order, and then sub- jected to inspection by comrades of each organization and many correc- tions were made in the spelling of names, letter of company and number of regiment. They were then carefully compared and verified with the records in the Adjutant General's office and many corrections made in dates of enlistment and discharge, after which the rolls were again copied and revised. Man}- mat- ters have been looked up by correspondence both in and out of the county, and the files of newspapers published during the war have been of great assistance in verifying dates and furnishing lists of killed and wounded, and of those who died in the service. Many corrections have been made from personal knowledge, as I served in the same department with many of these soldiers. No pains or time has been spared to make the roster as complete and correct as possible, yet no doubt there will be mistakes in the spelling of names and in 426 dates ; but the roster is as correct as it is possible to be made from the data at hand. Onl}' a glimpse can be given of the services of these regiments, but dates of organization, battles and everything pertaining to the history of the organizations have been compared with the records in the Adjutant General's office. In organ- izations where it was not possible to find soldiers to take an interest in the history of their regiments, such matter has been utilized as could be found in other histo- ries, and especially that of Reid's '' Ohio in the War." But the most difficult and laborious work has been that of preparing the rolls, and where errors are found I hope the soldiers of these regiments will generously bear a share of the fault, as they have been appealed to for man}- months through the newspapers of the coun- ty, at re-unions and meetings of the Grand Army, to take an interest in the his- tory of their regiments. No record of an3' regiment has been completed until it was submitted to members of the organization for inspection, and then revised. Regiments having full companies organized in the county are given more space, as in these more material was found, for many soldiers are now living in the county who were members of these companies. Writing in the interest of any particular regiment or arm of the service, has been studiously avoided, as has also that of extolling the services of any soldier or officer, but always wishing to give credit where credit is due, and to record the history of regiments as shown by their service, believing all to be equally good brave and patriotic soldiers,serving their country faithfully in whatever department, or in whatever arm of the service the fortunes of war cast them. The names of the principal battles of the war, with date, carefully compiled from the Adjutant Gen- eraUs office at Washington, D. C, is given, also the number of soldiers buried in our National Cemeteries, with many other tables of interesting historical infor- mation. That these pages, hastily written in the intervals of pressing official duties, will prove uninteresting to some, I have no doubt, but in the generations to come, when the actors in this great war for the preservation of the Nation shall have passed away, their descendants will be interested to know on what side their fathers stood when the Nation was tottering in the balance. It cannot fail to be of absorbing interest to them, and now that this labor of many months is drawing to a close, and as it has been a work of pleasure, performed without thought of re- ward, yet with the bright hope before me that it will possess some charm to our descendants in the years to come, I feel ampl^' repaid for my labor, and the pen is regretfully dropped when the ■'• re-call is sounded," only wishing that it had been wielded by one more worthy to grasp the great theme — The War Historj- of Union County. I am indebted to the Adjutant General of Ohio, who so kindly gave access to the records in his office, which have given so much assistance in the work, and to the many soldiers of the county who have always responded to every call for facts. To Miss Anna Roney, much credit is due for efficient work in collating facts and intelligent assistance in all parts of the history. W. L. C. Marys viLLE, Ohio, March 9, 1883. MILITARY RECORD. 427 CHAPTER I. AVak of the IIevolution. "Where are our sires, our noble sires, Those men of toil and early thought, Who lit our sacred vestal fires, A heritage so dearlj- bought ?" "Ah! bright upon historic page, Enrolled their names shall ever shine With peerless luster, age on age, Through bright'ning realm of coming time." AT the close of the war of the Revolutiou the soldiers were given lands in payment for their services. The territor}- comprising Union County is all "Virginia Military Lands," being a part of that between the Scioto and the Miami Rivers, all of which was set apart for the Revolutionary soldiers b}- the United States Government, Many of these old patriots took up these lauds and in this wa}- quite a num- ber found homes iu Union Count}-. From this grand old Revolutionary stock sprang Union County's brave and patriotic sons who fought in the war of 1812 the Mexican war and the war of the rebellion. Of these old heroes of '76, several are buried in the cemeteries of this county. But little can be learned, even traditional, of their services, although many of their descendants reside in the county. Some of them are known to have fought at Yorktown, Monmouth, White Plains. Grermantown and other historic battle-fields of the war of the Revolution. James Thompson, grandfather of James Thompson, of Dover Township, served under La Fayette, and no doubt saw much hard service, but no particulai's can be learned, so the old hero must rest iu his soldier's grave nnhonored and un- sung. Col. James Curry served through all the jears of the Revolution, an officer of the ''Virginia line." He was in the battle of Point Pleasant, October 10, 1774, and in this engagement was severely wounded. This is called • A First Battle of the Revolution " by Chamber's enc3'clopa?dia, from which we copy the following account of this battle. As it was fought before the breaking-out of the Revolu- tion, and was participated in by at least one of the citizens of this county, we give it place, believing it will be a subject of interest to the reader : " An important battle, fought October 10, 1774, between colonial troops of Virginia, under Gen, Andrew Lewis and the Shawnees, Delawares and other Indians composing the Northern Confederac}-, led by Cornstalk as king and sachem of the Shawnee tribe, on the east bank of the Ohio River, and just above the great Kanawha, The village of Point Pleasant has since grown up on the spot where this battle was fought, which was and is to this day always spoken as the first battle of the Revolution. The • Boston Tea Party ' had alread}- been held in the spring of the same 3'ear. and the ' Boston Port Bill ' was received in May — the signal of actual conflict between the colonies and the mother country'. Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, had been bus}^ in the interests of England by way of stirring up a hostile feeling between the hardy white settlers and the various tribes of Indians, the object of which had become apparent. At last a crisis was reached. The Legislature took action, under which Gen, Andrew Lewis gathered together 1.200 men at Lewis Springs, now Lewisburg, W. Va. and from thence proceeded to Point Pleasant, acting as was understood, in con- 428 UNION COUNTY cert with the Colonial Governor, who in person led about 1 ,000 men through the wilderness, striking the Ohio at Wheeling, from which point he was to meet Gen. Lewis. All this time, unbeknown to Gen. Lewis, the agents of Lord Dunmore had been busj' concentrating the Indians in the neighborhood of Point Pleasant, and subsequent events, show that he never intended to join his forces with the troops under Lewis. Our space will not admit of our giving the various facts substantiating this statement made so emphatic in the history of the ' Border wars ' by Withers and others. " In this bloody battle, about one-fifth of the entire army of Gen. Lewis were either killed or wounded, and of the Indians the number must have been even oi'eater. It was the most severely contested battle of the kind of which we have any account, and was fought on both sides from behind trees in a dense forest of primeval growth, on one of the richest bottoms of the Ohio. It was wholly un- expected, the object being on the part of Gen. Lewis, in fulfillment of the purposes on the part of thg Legislature, to proceed with an overpowering force in con- junction with Gov. Dunmore from Point Pleasant to the Indian settlement on the Scioto, beyond the Ohio. In vain did the brave Lewis look for troops from Wheeling. During the night of the 9th and 10th, a body of Indians was reported by a scouting party as having encamped near the site of an old Shawnee village, about six miles above. " At the same time, advices were received that Lord Dunmore would cross the country directly to the Scioto. Before sunrise on the morning of the 10th, a hunt- ing party returned and brought the startling report of " four acres of Indians,' about a mile above the camp of Gen. Lewis. The party had been fired upon. At once, on receipt of this news, the main body of the troops, under Col. Charles Lewis and Col. Fleming, were mustered into line. The battle soon began, and raged with varied fortune through nearly the entire day. The brave Col. Lewis fell, mortally wounded. Col. Fleming was soon after disabled, when Col. Field, who had come up with a re-enforcement, took command. This officer had learned a lesson from the unfortunate Braddock ; but he, too, soon fell. At times the battle raged like a tempest. The roar of musketry was continuous. The clarion voice of Cornstalk was, nevertheless, everywhere heard bidding his warriors, ' Be strong ! ' ' Be strong ! ' Seeing a warrior shrink, he sunk his tomahawk into his .skull. The most unyielding and desperate courage was on both sides displayed until late in the afternoon, when three companies that had been detained in camp, perhaps on account of Indians in large numbers on the opposite shore of the Ohio, under Capts. John Stewart, Isaac Shelby and George Matthews — distinguished names — reached the rear of Cornstalk by a well-planned movement, and decided the fortunes of the da3\ " A treaty was entered into at Camp Charlotte, in Ohio, at which Lord Dun- more was present, who seemed to have a perfect understanding with the Indians ; though the colonists were indebted mainly to Cornstalk for the treaty of peace which Dunmore seemed determined to postpone, as we might show. It was in view of the surprising valor displayed by the troops under Gen. Lewis in this de- cisive battle that Washington, in the darkest days of the Revolution, was led to exclaim : ' Leave me but a banner to plant upon the mountains of Augusta, and I will rally around me the men who will lift our bleeding country from the dust and set her free.' " The following are the names of the soldiers of the Revolution buined in Union County, so far as can be ascertained after very careful inquiry in each township : THE HEROES OP '76. Col. James Curry, Curry Cemetery, Jerome Township; Charles Carter, Dover Township; J. Coleman, Watkins Cemetery, Mill Creek Township; William Edgar, Liberty Township; Enoch Fisher; Israel Hale, Milford Cemetery, Union Township; P. Hale ; 0. Hibbard, Milford Cemetery, Union Township ; Henry Shover j MILITARY RECORD. 429 Robert Snodgrass, Wood's Cemetery, Union Township; John Stewart, Liberty Township; James Thompson, Watkins Cemetery, Mill Creek Township; David Worle}', Dover Township. As a matter of interest to the soldiers of to-day, we give a cop}^ of an old com- mission, now in possession of A. D. Doolittle, of Marj'sville, which was issued to his great-grandfather in 1776 : IN CONGRESS. The Delegates of the United Colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, the counties of Newcastle, Kent and Suffex on Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, to EpJi- raim Doolittle, Esquire: We, reposing special trust and confidence in your patriotism, valour, conduct and fidel- ity, do by these presents constitute and appoint you to be Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Regiment in the army of the United Colonies, raised for the defense of American liberty, and for repelling every hostile invasion thereof. You are therefore to carefully and dili- gently discharge the dutj'^ of Colonel, by doing and performing all manner of things there- unto belonging. And we do strictly charge and require all officers and soldiers under your command to be obedient to your orders as Colonel. And you are to observe' and fol- low such orders and directions from time to time as you shall receive from this or a future Congress of the United Colonies, or committee of Congress for that purpose appointed, or Commander in Chief for the time being of the army of the United Colonies, or any other of your superior ofiicers, according to the rules and discipline of war, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you. This commission to continue in force until revoked by this or a future Congress. By order of the Congress. John Hancock, President. Attest: July 1, 1776. .Charles Thompson, Secretary. CHAPTER II. ' War of 1812. FROM 1811 to 1814 was an exciting war period in the history of this country. Union County was then on the frontier and near to the seat of war of tlie Northwest. The territory which now comprises Union County was but sparsl}' settled. The settlements were along the southern border on Big Darby Creek and Sugar Run, and comprised the famiUes of the Robinsons, Mitchells, Currys, Ewings, Sagers, Kents, Snodgrasses, Shovers and a few others. From the close proximit}' of these settlements to the seat of hostilities, it would be expected that there would be ample material for an extended chapter on the services of the citizens Of this county during the war of 1812. But the early history of this territory is very meager from which to obtain any data of the stir- ring events of that period. There are but few rolls now on file at the Adjutant General's office, and from these can be gleaned but little history, save the names of the members of the companies. Almost every citizen within the limits of the count}' who was a military sub- ject at that time was in the service at some time during the war. The first militar}' company organized in the county was recruited during the year 1813, by Capt. James A. Curry. He was appointed enrolling officer of the district, including all the settlements along Darby Creek and Sugar Run, and or- ganized a company, of which he was elected Captain, and Samuel Mitchell First Lieutenant, and Adam Shover Second Lieutenant. Strange as it may seem, but very little can be learned of the members of this company, although they were recruited from the old families of Robinsons, Mitchells, Ewings, Kents, Sagers and others. 430 UNION COUNTY After diligent search among the records and inquiring among tbe'oldest of tile descendant now living, the following-named citizens are known positively to have been members of this compan}' : James A. Cuny, Captain; Samuel Mitchell. First Lieutenant; Adam Shover, Second Lieutenant; James Buck, Calvin Carey, Ewing Donaldson, David Mitchell, Andrew Noteraan, Clark Provins, Christian Sager. George Sager, Abe Sager and William Taylor. They were attached to a regiment the number of which cannot be ascer- tained. Thev first rendezvoused at Delaware where orders were received to join 'Gen. Harrison's Army in the Northwest. They marched by way of Upper Sandusky and the falls of St. Mary's to Fort Meigs, then returned by Wapakonetta and Piqua. The majority of them were called out the second time to build and garrison block-houses on the frontier. The names of several citizens of this county appear on the rolls of Capt. McClellan's company, among which are those of four brothers, James, William, Samuel and Robert Snodgrass. Capt. James A. Curry first enlisted in June, 1812, at Urbana, in a company of light horse from Highlantl Countv, and was attached to Col. Carr's regi- ment, composed mainly of Kentucky troops, and served in this campaign under Gen. Tupper on the Maumee and Elver Eaisin. He was detailed as a scout during that summer, and being an experienced woodsman was kept constantly in service. I have heard him sa}' he never performed a day's camp duty during this campaign. He was a fine horseman, was splendidly mounted, and he and the scouts serving under him were constantly on the move examining the streams for Indian signs, and watching the movements of the enem^-. A company was organized at Plain City, during the summer of 1812 or 1813, of which Jonathan Alder was elected Captain and Frederick Loyd First Lieutenant. They were directed to march north toward the lakes about twenty miles beyond the settlememts of Darby, and erect a block-house for the protection of the settle- ments. They marched to the banks of ]Mill Creek, and after working three or four days a block-house was completed. Mr. Alder saj's: " There were seventj' in all, and one, Daniel Watkins was made Colonel and Commander in Chief." Mr. Alder, who had been a captive among the Indians for fifteen years and well knew their mode of warfare, condemned this as a very unwise move in the Governor to order so man}- men from the settlements, for he claimed the tactics of the Indians would be to '■ attack the women and children in the settlements " and avoid the fort. They only remained at the block-house a few weeks. There being a false alarm, it was not possible to keep the men from returning to the settlements. This block-house was situated on the west bank of Mill Creek, about three miles northwest from Marysville on the farm now owned by Edward Powers. Some of the stones used either for the foundation or to strengthen the walls of the block- house may yet be seen directly east from Mr. Powers' house, a few rods from the banks of the creek. Thomas Killgore, who died at the residence of his son, Simeon Ivillgore, in Mill Creek Township, a few years ago, was- a member of the company that erected this fort, and was the last one left of the company ; a short time before his death, he gave a detailed account of this campaign and the building of the block- house, which was transmitted b}- Judge Cole to the Pioneer Association of Union Count}-. So far as can be learned, this is the only fort ever erected within the borders of this county, and this is probabl>- known to but few of our citizens. Of the com pan}- that erected this block-hou.se, it has not been possible to learn the names of any except those already mentioned, A number of the young men in the settlements enlisted in companies outside of the county, and saw hard service during the war. Simon Shover, who lived on Darby, near the old Sager Mill, in Jerome Township, enlisted in and was Orderly Sergeant of Capt. Langham's Company, of Chillicothe, Ohio. He was a brave MILITARY RECORD. 431 and gallant soldier, and had many hair breadth escapes. At one time, he was taken prisoner by the Indians, and saved his life by imitating a rooster crowing, b}- jnmping up on logs or stumps, and flapping his arras and hands. This seemed to please the Indians ver\- much, as they laughed immoderateh- at his antics. Simon always claimed that this saved his life. He was taken prisoner at Win- chester's defeat, and often expressed his indignation at the treatment of Gen. Winchester, who was abused and insulted by the Indians, without any check from the British. Simon Shover was one of fifty picked men, who made a sortie from Fort Erie, and spiked the guns of the British during the night; and was, perhaps, the most distinguished soldier that went from the county. He was of a good family, and honorable and brave to a fault. He learned many of the traits of the Indians, and was accustomed to entertain large crowds of citizens at all kinds of gatherings, such as " log rollings," " husking bees," house and barn raisings," and "musters," with many interesting incidents of his adventures, both thrilling and ludicrous. In later years, he became dissipated, squandered his property, and led a wandering life, trusting to the charity of the old friends of his better days. Wherever '• crowds were wont to assemble," Simon could always be counted as one of the number, and furnished much amusement by giving the '-Indian war whoop " for a sixpence to bu}- a dram. His voice was as clear and shrill as a trumpet, and he could give a genuine war whoop that would have caused old Tecumseh to have marshaled his warriors for the field. Many anecdotes might be related of his etforts to amuse the crowd during court term, and on "training day." One of his feats was to ride " Old Peach Blossom," his favorite mare, up the stairway and into the court-room of the old court house that now stands on the square at Marysville. He was anx- ious to live a hundred years, and on meeting or parting with old friends he was wont to exclaim — "Hurrah for a hundred years !" A few years before his death, he was cast upon the charity of the county. He died on the 11th day of August, 1864, aged seventy-nine years, and was buried on the Infirmary farm. He lies in an humble grave, " unhonored and unsung," yet he is remembered by his old friends as brave, honest and upright Simon Shover. " Peace to his ashes." Another quite noted character that resided for many years prior to his aeath in Darby Township, was Thomas Anderson. He was in the naval service, and was on the flag-ship Lawrence at "Perry's Victory" on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813. And when the Lawrence was disabled by the guns of the enemy, Anderson was one of the crew that rowed Commodore Perry in an open boat safely through that storm of shot and shell to the Niagara, although the boat was completely riddled with balls in the passage. In the great historic painting now hanging in the rotunda of the State House at Columbus, Anderson is represented in the open boat with Perry, a handkerchief bound alaout his head, pulling for life to reach the Niagara. Anderson was in man}^ hard engagements, and many of the citizens of the southern part ef the county remember the thrilling incidents of his adventures, as related by "Tommy," as he was familiarly called. He died at the Union County Infirmary, December 30, 1863, aged ninety years, and was buried in the county burial grounds on the Infirmary farui. Benson Wilmoth, for many years a citizen of the county, did good service during the war of 1812. At the time of the siege of Fort Erie, in August, 1814, he was in the fort under command of Gen. Gaines, and while in the line of dutj', manning a gun, a shot from the guns of the British dismantled one of the guns of the fort, "throwing it against Wilmoth and breaking his leg. On this injury he drew a pension during the later years of his life. He died about the year 1860, and was buried in the old cemetery at Marysville. The territory now comprising the county of Union was but thinly populated in 1812, yet many of her citizens left their homes in response to the call to arms with the "full knowledge that their women and children were at the mercy of the Indians pi'owling along the northwestern border, and not a few of them rendered 432 UNION COUNTY. good service to the Grovernment in lier hour of need. Ever may our citizens hold in gratefnl remembrance the services of the patriotic veterans of Union Countv in the war of 1812. " The brave old soldier ne'er despise, Nor count him as a stranger ; For he's his country's stay and pride In day and hour of danger." On the 4th day of October, 185'9, the old soldiers of the war of 1812, of Union and surrounding counties, met in convention at Marysville for the purpose of memorializing Congress upon the subject of the pension bill and other business aiDpertaining to their rights. At this meeting the following officers were appointed : Gen. E. W. Benson, President ; Dr. R. P. Mann, Everett McDowell, Ferrel Baker and Daniel Breese, Vice Presidents ; A. T. Turner, Secretar}-, and S. Mc- Bratney, Assistant Secretary. The committee on resolutions — Dr. R. P. Mann, Col. J. W. B. Hayues and Hon. William Richey — reported the following, which were unanimously adopted : "Resolved, That the first duty of a Republic is justice, as well as gratitude toward her gallant defenders in the hour of danger. "Resolved, That the land we have already' obtained came too late to be of service to us, as we were too old to improve it and use it for our maintenance. Had we obtained it as promptlj* as it was donated to the soldiers of the Mexican war, we might now be enjo3ing comfortable homes in our old age and decrepitude, and not be dependent, as many of us are, upon the cold charities of the world or the kindness of friends for our lease of life. "Resolved, That it is the duty of Congress to amend the Pension Laws, so that those who served in the war of 1812 and their widows or minor children shall be entitled to a pension, the same as those who served in the Revolutionary war, and that where any of our comrades have been killed in action, or died without receiving land, the nation owes to their heirs, without regard to age, if there be no widow, IGO acres of land. " Resolved, That we tender our thanks to the citizens of Marysville for the kind manner in which the}' have received us ; to the musicians, who have volun- teered to bring back to us reminiscences of times that tried our souls ; and par- ticularly to tiie ladies, who have honored us with their presence. "Resolved, That the proceedings of this convention be published in the Marysville Tribune and Union Press, and that the press throughout the West friendly to the cause, copy the same ; and that we thank cordialh' the two news- papers of this county for the call of tliis meeting. " Resolved, That the Member of Congress from this, the Eightli Congressional District of Ohio, Hon. B. Stanton, in advocating and voting for the bill to grant pen- sions to the soldiers of the war of 1812, has tiie thanks of all the members of this meeting, and we sa}- unto him, continue to do riglit and it shall be well with 3'ou."' At this meeting, over seventy old soldiers answered to the roll-call, fifty-five of whom were residents of Union Count}'. On the 15th of August, ISiiO, a second convention was held at Marysville by the old soldiers of the war of 1812, and Indian wars, for the purpose of again con- sulting together upon the best method of securing a pension for those who laid the foundation for the State and nation. Col. J. B. W. Ha^-nes presided at this meeting, at which resolutions sim- ilar to those offered at the former meeting, with the following additions, were adopted : Resolved, That we will vote for no man for President, Vice President, Con- gress or the Legislature who is opposed to justice to the old soldiers of 1812 and Lidian wars, their widows and orphans. Resolved, That the defense of all free institutions rests mainl}- on the volun- teers and militia. Therefore, it is the duty of the people to rescue the Govern- MILITARY RECORD. 433 ment from the hands of those who are opening the despotisms of Europe b}- an annual expenditure of $30,000,000 in times of peace and a useless standing army, which have been in all countries the instruments of tyrann}- and oppression. " Resolved, That this Government was established as a beacon light to the friends of liberty in every land. It is the duty of the people to elect servants to all offices who are earnestly and thoroughly imbued with the principles of justice to the volunteers and militia and who will discourage standing armies." There were seventy of the old soldiers from this county present at this con- vention. The following list contains the names of the soldiers of 1812, who were resi- dents of Union County : Thomas Anderson, Henry Amrine, John Amrine, Isaac Allen, Amos Arrohood, James Bell, Abram Baughman, James Buck, Emanuel Baker, Lewis Bonnett, Jeremiah Burrows, Benjamin Bowman, Daniel Bruse, William Brooks, Thomas Burt, William Bowie, C. Brown, Samuel Beck, Hezekiah Burdock, Nathan Bigley, Henr}' Bennet, H. Burnham, James A. Curry, Alexander Cowgill, Titus Clevenger, Thomas Caul, Ephraim Cary, Calvin Gary, Simon Coder, Daniel Cone, Matthew Columber, Conklin, Thomas Chapman, David Chapman, Benjamin Carter, Chase Chapman, Jason Chapman, John Cratty, Ebenezer Cheney, Richai'd Cook, William Danforth, Daniel Danforth, Amos Dial, Titus_port, James E. Donelson, Michael Davis, William Dawson, John Dean, Scott Ewing, William Ennis, Donelson Ewing, William B. Evans, John Foreman, Philip Fry, Enoch Fisher, Henry Farnum, William L. Feror; William Gladhill, John German, Joseph Gibson, Edward Gray, James Herd, William Hopper, James Hamilton, William Hamilton, William Hall, F. Hemenwa}-, R. Hufl'man, John Heath, William Huff, Elijah Hoyt. William Hoskins, Alexander Hunt, Francis Harper, William Harper, Willard Hill, J. C. Hull, J. B. W. Haynes, Samuel Harrett, James Irwin, Robert Johnson, Jesse Johnson, Elias Johnson, David Jones, Josiah Kelsey, Daniel Kent, William Kirk, James Kent, John Keenes, Timothy Knox, William Kent, Samuel Leeper, William Deeper, John LeMay, Thomas,,LQe, Isaac D. Linder, Ralph Longwell, Abraham Leonard, Hugh Moore, Joseph McClung, Thomas McFadden, McKendree, Robert Mclntire, John Middleton, James Mathers, Marshall, David Mitchell, Samuel Mitch- ell, Dr. Reuben Mann, Andrew Noteman, Samuel Orrohood, John Porter, Samuel Poland, Samuel Poling, J. Powers, Levi Phelps, John Paver, Clark Provins, Samuel Rit^enhouse, James Robinson, William Redding, Samuel Robin- son, John Roads, Simon Rickard, R. M. Richardson, Tobias Robertson, John Robb, J. N. Ross, William Richey, R. L. Richardson, John Solmond, Adam Shirk, Solomon Smith, Abraham Smith, James R. Smith, Paten B. Smith, Robert Stout, Orson Smith, Simon Shover, George Sager, Abe Sager, Christian Sager, Adam Shover, Jacob Snider, Samuel Snodgrass, James Snodgrass, William Snodgrass, Nathaniel Stewart, Robert Snodgrass, William Spain, Justus Stephens, Jacob Sreaves, J. Stillings, John Thompson, Thomas Turner, William Thompson, William Taylor, Aaron Tossey, Robert Turner, Thomas Tunks, Richard Vance, William Westlake, George Westlake, Samuel Westlake, Benjamin Westlake, James Willard, Benson Wilmoth, Ezra Winget, Levi Whaley, Daniel Williams, Thomas Wells, Jacob Yates. Below are given the names of the soldiers of 1812 buried in the county, as far as can be learned, and among this number ma}- be found representatives from almost every battle of an^' importance of that war : OUK HONORED DEAD OF THE WAll OF 1813. "A dirge for the brave old pioneers, The muffled drums resound! Our warriors are slumbering here, Near to their battle-ground ; For not alone with beasts of prey The bloody strife they waged, But foremost in the deadly fvaj, Where savage combat raged." 434 UNION COUNTY Paris Township — Tliomas Anderson, Tnfirmarj- Farm ; William Hall, Amrine Cemetery ; James Mathers, Marysville Cemeter}' ; Robert Stout, Amrine Ceme- ter}' ; Simon Shover, Infirmary farm ; P. B. Smith and Benson Wilmoth, Marys- ville Cemetery ; Samuel AVestlake, Benjamin Westlake, James Westlake, George Westlake and William Westlake, Amrine Cemetery. Union Township — Harvey Burnham, Michael Davis, Joseph Gribson, Reuben Mann, John Porter, James Snodgrass and James Willard, Milford Cemetery. Liberty Township — David Danforth. Daniel Danforth, William Dawson, John Dean, Samuel Griffin, James Herd and Nathaniel Stewart. Taylor Township — James Hamilton, James Irwin and Adam Shirk, Union Church Cemetery. Jerome Township — Christian Adams, Frankfort Cemetery ; James Buck, Curr}^ Cemetery ; Captain James A. Curry, New California Cemeter}' ; Titus. Dortj Frankfort Cemeterj- ; James E. Donaldson and Scott Ewing, Ewing Cemetery ; Elijah Hoyt, Joseph McClung and William Taylor, California Cemetery. Darby Township — William Harper, Samuel Mitchell, David 3Iitchell, James Robinson, Samuel Robinson, Simon Rickard and Christian Sager, Mitchell Ceme- tery. Jackson Township — Henry Bennet, Nathan Bigley, Benjamin Carter, Jason Chapman, Thomas Chapman, Ebenezer Cheney, Francis Harper, David Jones. Claibourne Township — Richard Cook, William B. Evans, J. B. W. Haynes, Samuel Harrett, Isaac Linder, Robert ]McIutire, Jacob Snider, Thomas Wells, Claibourne Cemetery. Mill Creek Township — Benjamin Bowman, Hezekiah Burdock, Robert John- son, John Keenes, John LeMay, John Rhoads, Aaron Tossey, John Thompson, William Thompson, Ezra Winget, Watkins Cemetery. Leesburg Township — William Brooks, Maskill Cemeterj- ; Ephraim Csiry, Maskill Cemetery ; Titus Clevenger, William Hoskins, Alexander Hunt, Hopewell Cemeter}' ; Thomas Tunks, Brannan Cemetery. Dover Township — Lewis Bonnett. Mount Hermon Cemetery; Samuel Beck, William Bowie, Hezekiah Burdic. Matthew Columber, R. Huffman, Robert John- son, Samuel Rittenhouse, Willliam Redding, John Williams. Allen Township — Isaac Allen, William Huif, Abraham Leonard, Samuel Poling, John Paver, William Spain, Jacob Sreaves, Buck Run Cemetery. York Township — William Ennis, Elias Johnson, Timc^hy Knox, William Kirk, McKendrie Cemetery ; Thomas McFadden, York Cemetery ; R. M. Richard- son, James R. Smith, McKendrie Cemetery ; Levi Whale}', Jacob Yates, York Cemetery. CHAPTEfl III The Old Militia. THE first law passed in Ohio in regard to military matters was a " law for regulating and establishing the militia," published at Marietta, July 25, 1788 (Chase, Vol. I, page 92). This law required all " male inhabitants between the age of sixteen and fifty" to perform military dut}'. The main features of this law remained in force until the year 1847, when it was repealed. In fact the law, becane a mere farce in the matters of carrying into effect its requirements. The earliest account of a militia organization is found in a report of the Second Ohio Regiment of Militia made b}' Col. James Curry in 1803, of which the following is a copy: MILITARY RECORD. . 435 Return of the Second Regiment of Militia in the County of Highland, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Curry, agreeably to returns made by the cemmauding offi- cers of the several companies belonging to the said regiment, November, 1803. Officers— \ Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, 1 Major of First Battaloin, 1 Major of Second Battalion . Starf Officers— 1 Adjutant. 1 Paymaster, 1 Quartermaster, 1 Regimental Clerk, 1 Quartermaster Sergeant, 1 Sergeant Major. Commissioned Oj/?cer^— Captains 8, Lieutenants 8, Ensigns 8. Mon- Commissioned Officers — Sergeants 25, Corporals 12, Drummers 4, Fif ers'^, Rank and File 610. Arms and Accouterments — Swords and belts 13, rifles 265, flints 530. The troops have generally powder and lead — the quantity not exactly ascertained — perhaps equal to whatis required by law. James Curuy, Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, Second Ohio Regiment. After the close of the war of 1812. military matters in Union Count}^ seemed to have been \%vy quiet for a number of years, at least little can be learned of the mili- tary affairs of that period, as the " old guards " have all been mustered out, leaving no record of their service. From the year 1825 to 184G, the militia spirit was in a blaze of glory throughout the State. There were two laws under which the militia was organized. The old " corn-stalk militia," who were not requii'ed to uniform, and the companies and regiments that furnished their own uniforms and served for seven years, after which time the}' were exempt from drill. Several companies organized in the count}^ under this law, w'ere w-ell uniformed and armed and became quite efficient in drill. A light horse company was organized at Milford about the year 1830, of which Calvin Winget was the first Captain, James Eiddle the second, Jacob Seaman the tliird, C. P. Garlic the fourth, Philip Snider the fifth and J. B. Richey the sixth. Privates — David Anderson, Jonathan Allen, David Asher, Hollis Amy, James Boal, William Beard, Andrew Beard, Perr}- Buck, James Biggs, Henry L, Burns, Ralph Cherry, Robert Curry, William Cratty, Uriah Coolidge, Ai Coolidge, Samuel D. Chapman. James W. Evans, Joseph Gibson, Andrew M. Gill, Jacob Gibson, B. H. B. Griswold, Luther Gabriel, John Hibbard, Samuel Hale, John Hale, Solon Harrington, Amza Irwin, Silas Igo. Robert Johnson, Joel Jolly, Elias Jolly, Othias Kenned}', James Kennedy. Micha Kent, Hiram Kent, Dyer Lombard, Jesse Lombard, Ray G. Morse, John Mitchell, John Morrow, Henry Moodie, George Moodie, William Morse, Isaac Morse, Moses Mitchell, William Moore, James McDonald, Samuel McCampbell, William G. McDowell, Zacheriah Noteman, William Parkinson, Robert Paris, Jason Rice, John W. Robinson, James Robinson, William M. Robinson, Samuel Robinson, Bugler, A. P. Robinson, S. D. Robinson, James D. Robinson, James Robinson, J. M. Rol3inson, Thomas Robinson, Joseph Robinson, John Robinson, C. M. Robinson, Josephus Reed, John P Reed, Jacob Seaman, William Snodgrass, Samuel Snodgrass, John Smith, H. P. Smith, E. D. Smith, Abraham Stiner, Henry Vaugorden, Luther Wood, Joshua Witter, Samuel Weaver, Luther Winget. This company was well uniformed and equipped, each trooper being armed with two horse-pistols, carried in holsters, and a saber. They were well mounted and the company was composed of the elite of Union County's chivalrous young men. This company organization was kept up until the law was repealed in 1847. Several " light infantry " companies were organized in the county under the same law, and these were organized into a regiment and, with their fine drum corps of twenty snare drums, ten bass drums and twenty fifers, they presented quite a war- like appearance when on parade. The militia laws were very rigid in their demands as to military duty. Every military sul3ject was required to be armed with a good and sufficient mus- ket, fusee or rifle, and this was defined by the regulations to include " lock, stock, barrel and ramrod." " Muster Day " was a legal holiday, the only one at that time provided by 436 UNION COUNTY law, and the " old b03^s " had a grand time at these musters. All the old " flint- locks " and "pick-locks " of the land were brought forth which the law defined as being " good and sufficient arms." In those ante-helium days, there were " company trainings," " regimental trainings, " officers' musters " and " General musters." " General musters " were the grand gala days of the year, and were considered occasions of momentous importance. The " call to arms " was sounded far and wide many weeks before the assembly, and preparations were made for it on a grand scale. Brass buttons and accouterments were burnished up, old rusty sabers and horse-pistols were put in order by the " dashing light-horse cavaliers," and the whole countr}^ was astir with a military spirit. " Cooked rations," consisting of boiled pork and beans, pumpkin pies and all the fat of the land, were prepared in great abundance, with a good supply of hard cider and other drinkables which were sure to warm up the " rank and file " of the " bold soldier boys " to the fighting point, and many a good old deacon considered it a sacred duty to indulge in the ardent to a liberal extent on training day. The militia law at that period required the organization of divisions, bri- gades, regiments, battalions, light-horse companies, etc. The artillery arm of the service was very light, the old iron cannons being issued usually one in a place, at county seats or brigade headquarters ; and many an accident happened by these old guns being manned by inexperienced men. One of these old iron guns, a six pounder, was issued to the militia at Mil- ford about the year 1838, and many pounds of powder have been wasted in that old gun celebrating political victories of all parties. Democratic, Whig and Republican. Mil ford Phillips was Captain of the first artillery company organized, and afterward Philip Snider was appointed Captain of the company. At a Fourth of July celebration at Bridgeport, Union Township, in 1847 or 1848, Mortimer Tucker had his hand torn oflf above the wrist, and Robert Simpson bad his arm torn off near his shoulder in firing this gun. At Marysville, on the IGth day of September, 1856. on the occasion of a political meeting of the Fillmore party, the gun was being fired, and by a premature discharge, Daniel Brophy and Archibald Turner were killed and Joseph G. Hawkins, the thumber, had his thumb torn off. The old gun was several times spiked and condemned and left on the com- mons, where, unprotected, it " stood the storms of many a winter's campaign ;" but always, on the Fourth of July, it was brought forth by the boys, and after being inspected was reported " fit for active service," and the '• chief of artillery," Bill Bancroft, solicited the usual donations for powder to fire the " morning gun " to usher in the glorious Fourth. In June, 1876, the grim old rusty gun was reported " fit for service," and the boys having donated the required amount for powder and " fire water," the chief mustered the " old guard," unlimbered and advanced to the fair ground, where she was placed in position for trial, loaded to the muzzle, the match applied, and the old gun was blown to atoms. And now, like Othello, the old chief's "occupation is gone." These organizations were officered by a long list of " field and staff," with Tuany war-like titles, and they were all out in full force at general musters, in feathers and spangles, with " good and sufficient swords." as the law required ; but each officer was allowed to uniform as his taste dictated, and while the dress was usually gorgeous, it was exceptional for two officers of the field and staff to have the same uniform. Finally, the system became so useless that the laws were repealed and the old " training da}- " became a thing of the past. Many of Union County's best citizens were prominent officers in the militia organizations, among whom were Gens. Chipman, William B. Erwin and William MILITARY RECORD. 437 Steel ; Col. William Orr ; Capts. Sidney Johnson and Philip Snider ; Dr. Curl, William Gibson, Oliver Kennedy, Milford Phillips James Thompson and Otway Curry. Gen. A. Wiley, who now resides in the northern part of the count}-, was a prominent officer in the militia in Muskingum and Licking Counties, and he can interest his hearers by the hour with amusing and interesting incidents of the general muster period. General musters were held at Milford and at Marysville, the camp grounds being just south of the old Amrine Mill, on the east side of the creek. A general muster was once held in Marysville, on the south side of West Center street, between the new court house and the residence of Judge Coats. Company musters were held on Darby, near Unionville, in Mill Creek Town- ship, and in Jerome Township, on the farms of Capt. James A. Curry and Kobert Curry, and manj' other places in the count}*. The old militia system, with all its defects, kept up a military spirit in the ranks of the young men of that time, and man}- a young man who served in the war of the rebellion now looks back with boyish pleasure to the time when he was first thrilled with the shrill music of fife and drum on " training day." We close this chapter by giving a copy of a characteristic order from one of the old militia officers, found in the Marysville Argus, bearing date of April 5, 1844 : ATTENTION RAINGERS. The members of said Company are hereby notified to parade at Amrine' s Mills, on the 20th day of April, 1844. at 9 o'clock A. M., arranged and equipped as the law requires for the purpose of Co. Drill. J. Curl, Captain. Jackson. G. Sprague, 0. S. CHAPTER IV* The Mexican War, 1846-1847. "The volunteers! the volunteers! 1 dream, as in the by-gone years, I hear again their stirring cheers. And see their banners -shine. What time the yet unconquered North Poured to the war her legions forth, For many a wrong to strike a blow. With mailed hands, at Mexico. "The volunteers! the volunteers! God send us peace through all our j-ears; But if the cloud of war appears, We'll see them once again, From broad Ohio's peaceful side. From where the Maumee pour's its tide, From storm-lashed Erie's wintry shore. Shall spring the vohmteers once more." ON the 4th day of July, 1845, Texas became a State of our Union. The Mex- ican Minister at Washington had, previous to this time, ceased diplomatic relations with the United States, and soon after Gen. Zachary Taylor was ordered to enter Texas with his arms to protect the border, and by reason of the annexa- tion of Texas it became evident that war was inevitable. When the call was made for volunteers in 1846 and 1847 to invade Mexico and settle the question * The principal facta in this Chapter are gatliered from a pamphlet written and published by Alvin Koso, who served in Company E, Fourth Ohio Regiment, in the Mexican war. 438 UNION COUNTY of the annexation of Texas, the young men of Ohio responded gallantl}' to the call. The State furnished four full regiments of infantry, several companies of cavalry, and quite a large number for the artillerj' service— in all upward of sixty companies, and now but one muster roll can be found on file in the Adjutant General's office at Columbus. Quite a number of the 3'oung men of this county enlisted and served in the war against Mexico. A large and enthusiastic meeting was held in Marysville, and when yolunteers were called for many enrolled their names. This company went into camp on South Main street, near the Town Run which passes under the railroad bridge, where it remained about a week recruiting. Joshua Brothers, William Cleveuger, Jackson Coleshine, C. P. Cavis, William Graham, George Graham, James Graham, D. W. Henderson, J. G. Hawkins, John Harrison, Elisha Glick, James Johnson, J. P. Johnson, Alexander Oliver, John Price, Alpheus Parmeter, Daniel Reed and Frederick Smith, ail of Union County, enlisted and served in this company, afterward known as Company' E, of the Fourth Ohio Regi- ment ; and G. A. Cassil. Jonas Clark, C. P. Garlick, Milford Phillips, William Smith, John Atwood, S. W. Atkinson, Samuel Monroe and William Palmer served in Company C, of the Third Ohio Regiment, G. A. Cassil being appointed First Sergeant of the company. James Cutler, Ebenezer Carter, E. Higgans, M. Pheas- ant, Andrew Spratt, George Skidmore and H. Woodruff, also of Union County, served in this war, but in different companies. The majority of the Union County boys enlisted in Capt. M. C. Lilly's com- pan}^ of Columbus, and were assigned to the Fourth Ohio Regiment. We here give a brief histor}' of that regiment, showing the service of the Union County soldiers in this regiment. In the spring of 1847, the excitement consequent upon the war with Mexico had reached its zenith ; the tocsin of arms had sounded throughout the length and breadth of the land. From Texas and the Gulf of Mexico to the lakes and rivers of the North ; from the sandy shores of the Atlantic to the snow-capped mountain of the far West, was heard the report of battles and victories ; and yet the call for troops to sustain the valor of the xVmerican arms, and " conquer a peace," was constantly meeting the ears, and moving the hearts of the patriotic. On May 29, 1847, a compan}- recruited at Columbus, moved to Cincinnati, which was the place appointed for the regimental rendezvous, and was assigned as Company E, of the Fourth Ohio Regiment, commanded by Col. C. H. Brough, Lieut. Col. Warner, Maj. Young and Adjt. Ivessler. On the 1st of July boats were ready in the river opposite the camp and the regiment took passage for New Orleans. Company E, under the command of Capt. M. C. Lilley, was placed on the steamer Alhambra. New Orleans was reached on the 7th, and after remaining at this place until the 11th, the troops went on board the steamer Telegraph, arriving in sight of Brazos Santiago on the morning of the 16th. The next morning prepa- rations were made to ascend the Rio Grande in a boat, the William R. McKee ; on the 18th, Matamoras was reached and the regiment went into camp certain of being in the enemy's country. The camp was situated nearly opposite to Fort Brown, on the Texan side, and adjacant to it was a fine parade ground, of wliich good use was made every day. In the latter part of August, orders were received to proceed to Vera Cruz and march to Gen. Scott's line of operations. Ac- cordingh', on the 4th of September, the regiment took steamboats and descended the Rio Grande to the mouth. Here it remained until the 11th, when shipping being read}- at Bi'azos it marched over to that place, embarked on board the sail ship Tahmroo on the 12th, and on the evening of the ir)th hove in sight of the sand hills near Vera Cruz ; the following morning the Tahmroo ran into the bay and cast anchor near the great castle of S-64, these veterans were honored, feasted and toasted by almost every family in the county, and they had never felt until then 450 UNION COUNTY how "warm was the oratitudo of these loyal men. women and children at home for the boys who were liohtuiii; the battles of the great war." Many men enlisted from the connty in these old retiiments, which returneil to the tield in the early spring. with fnll companies antl with renewed devotion to the cause of the Union. In the spring of 18G-i, it seemed that the critical point in the war was ap- proaching. Great armies were in the field, all preparing for a forward movement. The Army of the Potomac, uniler Grant, was preparing for the campaign of the Wilderness ; the Army of the West was active, and Sherman, with his grand army in Georgia was about to attack the well-guarded works of the rebel army in the center ; that was to prove a bloody summer's campaign. It was at this critical period that the National Guard, or " Hundred Days' Men," were called out to man the forts, that all the veterans might march to the front for the great struggle of the bloody battle summer of 1804 ; 30,000 of Ohios Guard went into camp in one day in response to the call of the Governor. Union County contributed to this number three full companies that were assigned to the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards, and several detaclimeuts for other regiments. Quoting from a newspaper of that date : •• Fortunate was it for the country that the Governor of Ohio held in his hand this reserved thunderbolt of war. The crisis of the rebellion was upon us. Tiie rebel foe was insolent and sanguine. The}- were gathering their whole militar\' power and preparing to hurl it upon the Union columns in one deadly and decisive conflict. The hearts of all brave men throbbed in unwonted anxiety as they looked upon the formidable array of rebel hosts. They saw that the impending conflict must speedily occur. They knew that failure to our arms would be an inexpressible disaster to the National cause ; and all wanted the assurance of our success made doubly sure l5y giving additional strength to our armies in the field. To render that strength otfective, it must be added at once. The exigency per- mitted of no delayr The re-enforcements must come then, or their coming would be useless for the critical moment of the campaign. It was at this moment of public anxiety — a moment pregnant with the Nations future — that Gov. Brough sent forth the reserved power of thirty-five thousand brave and gallant National Guards. At the very moment when most needed, the Ohio arm}' stepped into the placj of veterans and thereby enabled the Government to send that many veterans forward to sustain Gen. Grant's advancing columns. Our State mili- tia organization was made the means for meeting the emergency ; and most uobly and gallantly did the members of that organization respond to the call of the Governor." In response to the call in July, 1SG4, for one year regiments, two companies were organized in the county, and were assigned as Companies B and C, of the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Regiment Oliio Volunteer Infantry ; and under the last call, in December, 1804, for 20,000 men to fill the last quota of Ohio, one company was recruited for the one year service, which was assigned as Company B of the One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This was the last company recruited in the county, and it entered the field in February, 1805. Many of these soldiers were lads thirteen or fourteen years of age when the war began, but now they had grown to manhood, and went forth to take the places of their fathers and brothers who had fallen upon the field of battle or died of wounds and disease. Thus ITnion County responded to ever}' call, from the first gun at Fort Sumter to the sounding of the re-call at Appomattox Court House in 1805. Every quota was filled, and at the end of the war Union County stood eleven ahead of her (piotaon the last call, as shown by the records in the Adjutant General's otfice. Her loyal citizens at home stood by the soldiers in the field, by contrib- uting money by thousands of dollars for the relief of soldiers' families and by relief societies to give aid and comfort to the wounded, sick and sufiering sol- diers in the field. MILITARY UECOllD. 451 Ah, the history of this worl< of love and devotion of the mothers, wives, sis- ters and sweethearts never can be written ! We can only get a glimpse of it; for who can tell of their anxiety or of the many weary and wakeful nights as they watched and prayed for their loved ones, many of whom were never to return. The tender, sad memories of the war, speak to all more eloquently than can be written on the page of history, as they sweetly and pathetically remind us how the mothers and women of the land, touched by the fires of patriotism, bade their sons gird on the armor of their country; how, through the long and bitter years of the war, their faith was unbroken and their loyalty was firm; and how, when their dear ones were borne home cold and lifeless, they, like the Spartan mothers, " thanked God that their boys had died that their country might live." "The wife wlio girds her husband's sword, 'Mid little ones who weep or wonder, And bravely speaks the cheering word— What though her heart be rent asunder? Doom'd nightly in her dreams to hear The bolts of death around him rattle, Hath shed as sacred blood as e'er Was pour'd upon a field of battle! "The mother who conceals her grief While to her breast her son she presses. Then breathes a few brave words and brief. Kissing the patriot brow she blesses, With no one but her secret God To know the pain that w^eighs upon her Sheds holj^ blood as e'er the sod Received on Freedom's field of honor!" The record of the war is not complete without the history is written of the part borne by our loyal women. How much we owe to their love, care and en- couragement for all we have achieved; and how we strive in all the laudable am- bitions of life to win their smiles of approval. In these few pages, the services of the soldiers of Union Count}" have been but briefly sketched, and ma}^ we not, in this brief retrospect of a few of the great results of the war, justl}' congratulate ourselves as soldiers that we have borne a part, however humble our position, in the accomplishment of that " great and mighty drama of a nation preserved?" And it is not taking to ourselves an}- un- merited honors, either for our patriotism or for our services; but we can say truly, ■without the charge of egotism, that the soldiers of this county did their duty, honestly, faithfully and patriotically, in the day of our Nation's peril. Almost twenty years have passed awa} since the close of the war, and when peace spread her mantle over the land, the ranks of the army melted away like the smoke of battle. The soldiers laid aside their uniforms as quickly as they had donned them when the first drum-beat sounded " to arms !" and soon took their places in the busy marts of industry and the peaceful avocations of life. A million soldiers laying down their arms after four years of sanguinary war, and quietly taking their places in the civil walks of life without any unusual com- motion, was a sublime spectacle upon which all civilized nations looked with won- der and admiration. These were the volunteer soldiers of a free country. The .soldiers of Union County were no exception to this rule, and the boys of twenty years ago have become the good and substantial citizens of to-day. The " good soldier is the good citizen," and in all the positions of life they bear themselves as becomes brave and gallant soldiers of the Republic. They are found as farmers, merchants, in the counting-room, in the halls of legislation and in places of honor and trust all over the land. From disease contracted and from wounds received during their service, the soldiers are falling rapidly, one by one — falling by the wayside, comrades of all ranks passing away. 452 UNION COUNTY " A chosen corps thej^ are marching on In a wider field than ours; We shall meet and greet with closing ranks In time's declining scenes, When the bugles of God shall sound recall And the battle of life is won." And as one by one our comrades are mustered out of life's service, let us cherish more warmly each succeeding year the memor\' of their services, and as our heads are bowed and sprinkled with the frosts of many winters, let us be bound more closely by that friendship formed during our service on the march and in the camp, and " welded in the fire of battle;" and let us not forget the widows and orphans of our late comrades. They are the wards of the nation; let us " guard them with a jealous eye," and keep them in our fostering care, for no man can give better proof of devotion to friend or country than that he will " lay down his life for them." ROSTER. ji^:B:B:R:Ei'\rxj^Ti:(Diro was evacuated and t lie enemy retreat- ing. During this series of battles, the regiment lost 18-') officers and men. On June 24, the line of march was re- sumed, and the army moved southward. On September 9, Chattanooga was reached, and the Thirteenth, marching through, encamped at llossville, a few miles farther south. It took an active part in the battle of Chicka- niaug-i, on the 10th anril 25, 1861. Culver, Leander,e. April 25, 1861. Cobb, Abraham, e. April 2.i, 1861. Cooney, William T., e. April 25, 1861. Clark, A. I ,e. April 25, 1861. Clark, John R., e. April 25, 1861. Cullumber, J. F., e. April 25, 1861. Courtwright, J. R., e. April 25, 1861. Doughty, S. L., e. April 2,5, 1861. Draper, Gideon, e. April 26, 1861. Draper, John, e. April 25, 1861. Draper, Henry H., e. April 25, 1861. Eaton, Charles B., e. April 25, 1861. Fields, Felix, e. April 25, 1861. Ferguson, A. J., e. April 25, 1861. Grow, Samuel, e. April 25,1861. Geer, Leonard, e. April 25, 1861. Glasscock, William P., e. April 25, 1861. Glasscock, A C, e. April 25, 1861. Gray, John H., e. April 25, 1861. Glass, Thomas, o. April 25, 1861. Homes, David C, e. April 25, 1861. Hurley, C. C, e. April 25, 1861, died at Camp Dennison, June 13, 1861. MILITARY RECORD. 451 Heasley, William P., e. April 25, 1861. Henderson, R. R., e. April 25, 1861. Hamilton, Silas N., e. April 25, 1861. Horney, John M., e. April 25, 1861. Benson, E. J., e. April 25, 1861. Heninger, A. B., e. April 25, 1861. Harper, Elisha, e. April 25, 1861. Hale, Jasjier, e. April 25, 1861. Herriott, John E., e. April 25, 1861. Johnson, Silas L., e. April 25, 1861. Jackson, Daniel J., e. April 25, 1861. KerineUy, Harvey B., e. April 25, 1861. Lansdown, Harrison, e. April 25, 1861. Marks, Andrew M., e. April 25, 1861. Miller, John, e. April 25, 1861. McAdow, John C, e. April 25, 1861. Martin, Luther, e. April 26, 1861. Messer, Benjamin, e. April 25, 1861. Marsh, Randolph C, e. April 25, 1861. Marsh, B. C, e. April 25, 1861. Mulvane, Calvin, e. April 25, 1861. Mather, Thomas J., e. April 25, 1861. MagKS, James F., e. April 25, 1861. Nowell, John A. W., e. April 25, 1861. Peck, Uriah W., e. April 25, 1861. Pyers, Stephen H., e. April 25, 1861. Rossell, John, e. April 25, 1861. Rice, Francis M., e. April 25,1861. Robinson, John S.,e. April 25, 1861. Roberts, George, e. April 25, 1861. Sabin, Lorenzo, e. April 25, 1861. Sherwood, Zebediah, e. April 25, 1861. Snodgrass, Delmore, e. April 25, 1861. Simmons, H. M., e. April 25, 1861. Smith, Andrew J., e. April 25, 1861. Siler, Charies H , e. April 25, 1861. Turner, William, e. April 25, 1861. Thompson, Cyrus, e. April 25, 1861. Trout, Abraham, e. April 25, 18G1. Vining. Jonas II., e. April 25, 1861. Weber, Christian W., e. April 25, 1861. Wood, Harvey S., e. April 25, 1861. Wilson, William H., e. April 25, 1861. Wilson, R. L., e. April 25, 1861. Wolford, H. S., e. April 25, 1861. Woodard, Homer, e. April 25, 1861. Whelpley, Abraham, e. .\pril 25,1861. Wolford, M. T , e. April 25, 1861. THIKTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY (tHREE-TEARS organization). Colonel J. G. Hawkins, e. April, 1861, killed at Stone River, December 31, 1862. Surgeon J. W. Smith, e. October, 1862, resigned April, 1S63. COMPANY A. Doty, T C, e. October 17, 1861, wounded at Mission Ridge, Tenn.,1862. Taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., disc. October 17, 1864. COMPANY B. Holycross, Lester, e. September, 1861, died at Atlanta, Ga., 1864. COMPANY C. Prime, Martin, e. June 5. 1863, disc. January 13, 1866. Safford, W. A., e. January, 1864, disc. December, 1865. COMPANY D. Sergeant T. C. Marshall, e. August 13, 1862, disc. October 13, 1865. Corporal Solomon Gay, e. 1861, killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Andrews, Anson, e. June 21, 1861, died in hospital at Grafton. Va., September 12, 1863. Beck, William M., killed at Mission Ridge, Ga., Novem- ber, 1863. Bowdre, Benjamin F., e. June 5, 1861, disc. August 4 1862. Beam, G., e. August 15, 1861. Died. Cole, M. S. Dean, James, e. April, 1861, killed at Chickamauga, Term., September 20, 1863. Hornbeck, C, e. June 22, 1861. Died. Hark, Eugene, e. June 22, 18C1. Holycross, A. M., e. June 22, 1861, disc. 1861. McEldary, Joseph, died in hospital at Parkersburg. Miller, J, C, e. 1862, lost on steamer Sultana, above Vicks- burg. Miss. Miller, D. D., e. June 22, 1861, taken prisoner at Mission Ridge. E.xchauged and burned to death on vessel loaded with Union prisoners near Buford, N. C, 1865 . Melching, A. Strong. S., e. June 22, 1861. Tarbox, M., e June 22, 1861. Died at home. Weaver, Samuel, e. August 23, 1862, died at home June 10, 1865. Weaver, Adam, e. August 23, 1862, disc. September 12, 1863. Wounded at Stone River Wooly, David, e. June 22, 1861, killed at Lookout Moun- tain, Tenn., November 24, 1863. Yarrington, Isaac, e. June 22, 1861, died at Franklin Ky., 18G2. COMPANY E Crist, A. B., e. September, 1861, died at Corinth, Miss.. June, 1802. Robinson, J. S.,e. April, 1861, disc. October, 1861. COMPANY F. Captain J. D. Smith, e. June 5, 1861, resigned November 28, 1862. Died at home.December 5, 1863. Captain J. C. Slocum, e. June 5, 1861, disc. October, 1861. First Lieutenant Joseph Coe, e. June 5, 1861, disc. Febu- ary 8, 1864. First Lieutenant Emery Malin, e. April, 1861. Second Lieutenant Joseph K. Guthrie, e. June 5, 1861, resigned December 25, 1862. Second Lieutenant C P. Cavis, e. June 5, 1861, resigned January 3, 1862. Sergeant D. W. Courtney, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Sergeant E. M. Griffith, e. June 5, 1861, disc. December 25, 1865. Sergeant James H. Neal, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Taken prisoner at Stone River, died at home. Sergeant J. G. Simmons, e. June 5, 1861. Wounded at Stone River. Sergeant J. G. Turner, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Corporal James Brewster, e. June 5, 1861. Corporal J. M. Cassil, e. June 5, 1861. Corporal William P. Heasley, e. June 5, 1861. Died. Corporal Silas Kimball, e. June 5,1861. Killed at Shiloh, Tenn., April 7, 1862. Corporal Daniel Rutan, e. June 5, 18f 1. Corporal L. Sabine, e. April, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Corporal C. H. Siler, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Corporal Z. Sherwood, e. June 5, 1861. Corporal Cyrus Thompson, e. June 5, 1861. Died at Tuscumbia, Ala., June 23, 1862. Corporal Edward Turner, e. June 5, 1861, disc. July 2, 1864. Corporal .\braham Whelpley, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June 2, 1864. Musician J. B. Bartram, e. June 5, 1861. Musician James W. Brown. Wounded at Atlanta, Ga. Andrews, H. D. e. August, 1861, disc. 1865. Alexander, James S., e. June 5, 1861. Alden, U. S., e. June 5, 18G1, disc. June 26, 1864. B.udre, B. F., June 5, 1861, disc. July 20, 1864. Bolenbaugh, David, e. June 5, 1861. Brooks, William, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Blake, Jesse, e. June 5, 1861. Ballon, George W., e. 1862, disc. 1865. Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Bonnett, Nelson, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Boudre, George W., e. June 5, 1861. Bain, David, e. June 5, 1861. Conklin, W. J. e,. June 5, 1861, disc. June 26, 1864. Collumber, Joseph, e. June 5, 1861. Died in hospital at Louisville. Ky.. 1864. Culver, Ebenezer, e. April 5, 1861, disc. July, 1864. Child, Isaac, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at New Hope Church, Ga., June 27, 1864. Clark, A. J., e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Wounded at Stone River. Cassil, I). G., e. June 5, 1861. Died in Missouri. Clark, David, C, e. June 5, 1861, disc. 1865. Wounded and taken prisoner at Stone liiver. Downer, Gratton, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., Decmber 31, 1862. Doty, bamuel, e. June 5, 1861, disc. December, 1865. draper, Riley, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864. Draper, John, e. April! >, 1861, disc. June, 1865. Wounded at Missouri Ridge. 458 UNION COUNTY Draper, Gideon, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1865. Draper, B., e June 5, 1861. Elliott, Felix, e. June 5, 1S61. Katoii, Cliailes, e. June 5, 1861. Died. Ford, Franklin, e. June 5, 1861, disc. July 1, 1864. Farnliam, William 11., e. June 5, 1861. Fritz, Wicliael, Died at Atlanta, Ga. Fields. Felix, e. June 6, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, Tenn., April, 1802. Foote, A. H., e. June 5, 1861. Graham, P. B., e. June 5, 1861. Gladden, John. Griffith, John H., e. June 5, 1862. Killed at Stone River, Teuu., December 31, 1862. Gibson, Joseph, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1865. Gibson, William, Gregory, Jason, e. June 5, 1861. Grow, Samuel, e. June 5, 1861, disc. 1864. Hurley, C, e. April 5, 1861, Died at Camp Dennison, June 13, 1861. Huffman, J. G., e. June 5, 1861. Taken prisoner at Stone Kiver, December 31, 1862. Heminger, Andrew, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 18C4. Hale, L, e. June 5, 1861. Hale, Jasper, e. June 5, 1861. Died in Libby Prison. Hairiut, J. E., e. June 5, 1861. Horney, James, e. June .5, 1861. Wounded at Stone Kiver. Hill, M., e. Juno5, 1861. Hernback.C. T., o June 5, 1861. Hargrave, William, e. June 5, 1861. Hart;rave, H. 1'., e. June 5, 18G1. Hamilton, Josiah.e. June 5, 186i. Died in Andersonville Prison, September, 18ti3. Henderson, R R., e. April 25,1861. Wounded at Pitts- burg Landing. Holmes, David C. e. June 5, 18G1. Irwin, C. L., e. June 5, 1861, disc. April 7,1862. Missing after battle of Pittsburg Landing. Supposed to have been killed Kennedy, H. B., e. June 5,1861. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., September, 1863. Kennedy, H. C, e. June 5, 1861, disc. November, 1865. Kennedy, George, e. June 5, 1861, disc. September, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga. Kvle, N. II., e. June 5, 1861. Kimball, Ira C, e. 1862, disc. June, 1864. Leeper, J. D., e. June 6, 1861, disc. 1861. Taken prisoner at Stone lliver, Tenn., December, 1862. League, W. L., e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Lockwood, E., e. June 5, 1861. Died at St. Louis, Mo. IMorse, E. H., e. June 5, 1861. Bliller, David, e. June 5, 1861. Jlarsh, R. C., e. June .5, 1861, disc. August, 1861. Jlartin, Thomas, e. May, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Nowell, J. A. W., e. June h, ISIil. Price, Evan, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Price, itobert. Price, John C, e. June 29, 1861, disc. 1865. Wounded at Dallas, (Ja., May 29, 1864. Peck, U. W., e. June 5, 1861. Palmer, D., e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Pvers, Orville, e. June 5, 1861. Peters, William F.. e. June 5, 1861. Piatt, J. n., e. June 5, 1861. Reed, Runson, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at Carnifex Ferry, W. Va., September 10, 1861. Reed, John, H , e. June 5, 1861. Ree.l, Andrew, e. June 5, 1861, disc. November 18,1863. Wounded at Stone River. Sullivan, J. J., e. August 3l!, 1862. Killed near Kenesaw Mountain. Ga., June 8, 1865. Siler, 0. II. e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Schrock, Ferdinand, e. June 5, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Schrock, John, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Swilt, George, e. June 5, 1861. « Smart, John, e. June 5, 1861. Samj)son, Franklin, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Steerhoff John, e. Juno 5, 1861.; Tavlor, D. 0., e. June 5, 1861. Killed at New Hope (Jhuich, Ga , May 27, 1864. Turner, William, e. June 5, 1861. Turner, Robert, e. June 5, 1861. Died. Tauner, Joseph. Thompson, Tyler, <■. June 3, 1861, di.-jic. October 2, 1865. Trout, A., e. August 21, 1862, ditc. June, 1865. Wood. Albert, e. June 5, 1861, disc. July, l.'-64. Taken prisoner at ."■tone Rivei, Tenn., December 31, 1802. Wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September, 1803. Wood, Theodore, e. June 5, 1861. Died in Libby Pri-on. Weber, William, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Wilson, William H., e. June 5, 1861. Died from disease coutr;*ted in the army, June, 1864. White, William H., e. June 5, 1861, disc. June, 1864. Wright, Emanuel, e. June 5, 1861. Wright, James, e. June 5, 1861, disc. June 2, 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. Wells, William, e. June 5, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh ; died in hospital at Nashville, Tenn , March 9, 1864. AVillianis, William H., e. June 5, 1861. Died at Carnifex Ferry, Va. Welsh, James, e. June 5, 1861. Welsh, Frank, e. June 5, 1861. Wheeler, William H., e. June 5, 1861. Died at home. COMPANY G. Corey, Charles L., e. February ,28, 1864, disc. July 4, 1865. Green, John, e. November 22, 1861. Died. Morrow, J. A., e. March 20, 1864, disc. July 4, 1865. Richardson, L., e. June 5, 1861. Discharged. COMPANY H. Captain R. R. Henderson, e. June 5, 1861, disc. September 10, 1862. Wounded at Shiloh, COMPANY I. Harris, W. B. Wounded. Holden, William, e. May 31, 1861, disc. 1862. Died at home. FOIRIEEXTH f)HIO INrANTRY. The Fourteenth Ohio organized for three months' service under Col. James B. Steed- man, in April, 1861, and re organized the fol- lowing August for three years or during the war. It served under Gen. Buell, in Kentucky; wiih him joined Gen. Grant's forces at Pitts- burg Landing, and participated in that battle and several severe skirmishes in the vicinity o Chickasaw Landing. It shared, with the vast army under Gen. Halleck, in ihe advance on Corinth. In June, 1863, the Fourteenth joined Rosecrans in his advance on Tullahoma and Chatianooga, and took part in the engagements at Hoover's Gap. Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Jonesboro and Mission Ridge. It joined Sherman's forces at Atlanta, and participated in the " march to the sta." After over four years of active service, the Fourteenth was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 11, 1865. COMPANY B. Filler, B. F., e. April, 1861. COMPANY D. Phelpo, L., e. August, 1862, disc. 1865. COMPANY H. Musician C. M. Graham, e. April 23, 1861, disc. July 22, 1802. COMPANY K. Johnson, J. T, e. September 18,1861, disc. August 20, 1862. Ellis, D. W., e. August, 1861, died August, 1802. FIFTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment organized for three months' service May 4, 1861; it served in West Vir- ginia, and was discharged August 1. Re-or- ganized for three years' service in September, under ("ol. Muses K. Dickey, and joined Gen. Buell. in Kentucky. It took part in the battle of Sliiloh and the siege of Corinth, and was with Rosecrans at Stone River and Chickamauga. MILITARY RECORD. 459 The Fifteenth having re-eulisted as veterans, joined Sherman's army, and participated in the Atlanta campaign. It moved with Thomas to Nashville, and shared in the victories atthat place. At the close of the war, the regiment performed duty in Texas, for several months, when it returned to Columbus and was mus- tered out December 27, 1865, having served four years and eight months, and lost over 400 men in killed and wounded. COMPANY C. Captain J. M. Dunn, e. August 30, 1861, disc. April 1, 1863. Croy, William W., e. January 6, 1865, disc. June 10, 1865. Lane, Isainh. e. March 15, 1864, disc. May 23, 18G5. Talmage, B. L., e. August 3o, 1861, diwc. September 20 1864. Taken prisoner at Salt Kiver, Ky., 1862. COMPANY D. Corporal Joseph H. Wilson, e. September 1, 1861, wound- ed at Lovejoy, Ga., 1861. COMPANY F. Taylor, C. C, e. September 6, 1861, disc. September 14, 1863. Died of wounds received at Stone Kiver, Tenn., December 31, 1862. COMPANY G. Burwell, H., e. September 9, 1861, disc. August 28, 1865. Gilbert, Edward, e. September 23, 1864, disc. June 10 1865. Huffman, George W., e. September 23, 1864, disc. June 10, 1865. Died at home. Price, John, e. September 24, 1864, disc. June 10, 18G5. Richey, A. K., e. September 9, 1861, disc. February 6, 1863. Rea, John W., e. September 24, 1864, disc. June 10, 1865. COMPANY H. Severn, J. T., e. September 24, 1864, disc. June 10, 1865. SIXTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized for three months' service underCol. James Irvine, in April, 1861, and for three years under Col. John F. De- Courcey, October 2, 1861. It spent the fol- lowing winter operating under Gen. Thomas, in Kentucky, and ia the spring of 1862 was at Cumberland Gap. with Gen. Morgan. When the enemy retreated from this stronghold, the Sixteenth was the first reaiment to enter the works and hoist the stars and stripes. In Au- gust it encountered the rebels on the Main Hill road, and after a determined resistance for several hours, was finally forced to fall back to the intrenchments. Owing to the scarcity of provisions, the Na- tional forces left the Gap in September, and marched through Kentucky to Greenupsburg, sufl'ering severely on ihe way from hunger and thirst. In October, the regiment moved into Vir- ginia, and in November proceeded to Memphis, Tenn. Jn December, it joined Sherman at Chickasaw Bayou, near Vicksburg. in which battle the regiment lost 311 officers and men in killed, wounded and prisoners. The Sixteenth was next engaged in the successful assault upon Arknasas Post; then proceeded to Young's Point, La., where it remained until March, 1864. In April, it moved with Gen. Grant to the rear of Vicksburg, and in May was engaged in the battles at Thompson's Hill. Champion Hills and Black River Bridge, remaining during the siege of Vicksburg until the surrender. In these various engagements the regimmt lost heavily in killed and wounded. It participated in the siege and capture of Jackson, then joined Gen. Banks, on the P^ed River, an 1 in October returned to Columbus. Ohio, where it was mustered out on the 31st of October, 18f'4. During its service, the Sixteenth traveled by railroad 1,28-5 miles; by steamboat, 3,619 miles; by steamship, 1,200 miles, and on foot, 1,621 miles. The total number of deaths from all causes in the regiment was 251. There were killed in battle and died of their wounds two officers and sixty men. The number of officers and men mustered out at the expiration of its term of service was 477, all that was left of l,Un, the total of original (rganization and recruits. Forty-five men were recruited in this county for the Sixteenth Regiment, and assigned to Company F. H. S. Wood, of Union County, was promoted to First Lieutenant, and John A. Phillips, John H. Gray and Lorenzo Moses, were appointed Sergeants. Some of Union County's bravest and best soldiers were in this company. Tney saw much hard service, and their losses were very heavy. Twelve died of disease or wounds; six were wounded, and four were taken prisoners, mak- ing a total loss of twenty-two, or nearly one- half of the detachment cf forty-five men re- cruited in this county. COMPANY F. Sergeant John H. Gray, e. September 9, 1861, died at Richwood, Ohio, November 27, 1861. Sergeant Lorenzo Moses, e. September 26, 1861, taken pris- oner dt Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., December, 1862, disc. October 30, 1864. Sergeant J. A. Philips, e. October 20, 1861, taken prisoner at Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., December, 1862, disc. Octo- ber 31, 1864. First Lieutenant H. S. Wood, e. October 20, 1861, taken piisoner at Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., December 29, 1862, disc. October 31, 1864. Corporal T. B. Cheney, e. October 26, 1861. Transferred to Second Cavalry January 15, 1864. Corporal B. F. Fisher, e. September 25, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Corporal A. A. Gallant, e. October 2, 1861, disc. October 31, 1S64. Corporal Wallace Linder, e. October 15, 1861, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., December 29, 1863. TranslVrred to Company M, Tenth Ohio Cavalry April 3, 1663, Oisc. July 24, 1865. Corporal John P. Rodgers, e. October 20, 1861, disc. Octo- ber31, 1864. Corporal J. H. Wynegar. e. October 24, 1862. Transferred to One Hundred and Fourteenth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry October 6, 1864. Anderson, Jame.-, e. October 12, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Converse, Austin, e. October 10, 1861, disc. November 16, 1861. » Cope, Silas, e. September 12, 1861, died at Cumberland K.,rd, Ky., March 13 1862. Cheney, John M., e. October 26, 1861, died at Richwood, Ohio, while home on furlough, September 7, 1863. Crowse, Charles, e. October 2u, 1861, disc. April ;-M, 1862. Conwell, Jonathan, e. September 12, 1861, disc. October 31, lt64 Dutton, William J., e. Cctober 26, 1861, disc. November 22, 1861. Decker, James, e. October 14, 1861. Durst, John, e. September 2, 1861, disc. February 12, 1864. 460 UNION COUNTY Everett, Harvey E., e. September '1, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Gallant, Thomas, e. September 20, 18G1, disc. August 24, 1863. Holden, William H., e. September 20, 1861, died at llich- woud, (ihio. May 24, 1862. Jackson, George, e. November 21, 1861, died at Millikens Bend, La., April 25, 1803. Livingston, T. J., e. October 26, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Livingston, H. H., e. October 26, 1861, wounded at Tazoo Biver, 1863, died at Richwood, Ohio, December 30, 1863. Lenox, Elijah, e. September 20, 1861, died on hospital boat on Yazoo River, of wounds received at Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., December 29, 1802. Mather, D. D.,e. October 26, 1861, wounded at Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., 1862, and taken prisoner at Vicksburg, 1863, disc. October 31, 1864. Mulvain, Calvin, e. September 9, 1861, wounded, disc. Sep- tember 12, 1864. Moses, S. v., e. September 20, 1861. Moses, E. R., e. September 20, 1861, wounded, disc. April 2, 1863. Mclntire, Darius, e. September 10, 1861. Mclntire, C, e. October 26, 1861, wounded and taken pris- oner at Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., December 29, 1862, disc. October 31, 1864. Mclntire, John, e. October 20, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Mclntire, James K., e. October 26, 1861, disc. August 27, 1863. McGee, Isaac, e. October 26, 1861, disc.October 31, 1864. McKeever, John M., e. September 11, 1861, died on board hospital steamer at Nashville, Tenn., August 15, 1863. McRill, H. W., e. September 20, 1861. Parish, William, e. October 20, 1861, disc. February 28, 1863. Roberts, Allen B., e. October 26, 1861, died in hospital at Paducnh, Ky., of wounds received at Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., Decemb.T 29, 1862. Roberts, George, e. October, 1861. Rice, Amos, e. September 20, 1861, disc. August 30, 1864. Smith, Jacob, e. October 20, 1861, died in hospital at Lon- don, Kv., February 21,1862. Thomas, "\V., e. September 10, 1861, died at Shiloh, Tenn., 1862. Tropp, Isaac, e October 20, 1861, disc. October 31, 1864. Wynegar, D. JI.. e. October 24, 1802, died in hospital at Vicksbursr, Miss, (while prisoner of war) of wounds re- ceived at Chickasaw Bluffs, December 29, 1862. Wvne£;ar, David A., e. September 20, 1861, died on hos- iiital boat in 1863. COMPANY D. McCune, James M., e. April, 1861, disc. 1861. SEVENTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY (THREE MONTHS). The Seventeenth Infantry was the next reg- iment in which Union County was represented. (.'apt. T. J. Haynes, of Plain City, recruited a company in Union and Madison Counties, in April, l8*jl, which was assigned as Conipiny G, of the ^^eventeenth Ohio, and mustered iu for three months' service. On the "iOth of April the regiment moved in- to Virginia, wliere it operated in delaclim«uts against guerrillas in dilferent localities until July, when it was consolidated at Buckhannon, and moved against Sutton ; after which it re- turned to Ohio, and was mustered out on the lOth day of August, 18G1, The following list includes the names of the members from Union County who served in Company G, enlisted April, 1861: COMPANY O. Captain Thomas J. Ilaynes, e. Jlay 6, 1861. Andrews, 0. C. Baiiow, C. L. Beach, Joseph. Bradley, Patterson. Coiiklin, James E. Flemi-ig, Robert F. Guy, Wilkison. Robert, Leander. Hoff, Lisander. Hobert, Lorenzo. Kent, David. Lucas, B. F. Langstaff, .Tames G. Langstaff, J. 0. Lock, Abel. McDowell, J. P. McCune, John. McClung, John. ^Norris, George. Patch, Eslie. Perry, John F. Perry, Luther. Ruehlen, William. Ruehlen, Samuel. Shirk, John W. Stevens, Marion. Taylor, William. Thomas, D. H. Tarpening, E. Walker, George. Williams, John. SEVENTEENTH jOHIO INFANTRY (tHREE YEARS). The Seventeenth Ohio was re organized in August, 1861, for three years' service, under Col. .John M. Connell, and Lieut. Col. Durbin Ward. It was ordered to Kentucky in Sep- tember, and reported at Camp Dick Robinson on the '2d of October. From thence it proceeded to Wild Cat, and was engaged in the battle at that place, losing seven men wounded. It took part in the engagement at Mill Springs, then marched to Louisville, Ky., and embarked for Nashville, Tenn., where it ar- rived on the 3d of March, 1862. Then moved across the country to Shiloh, but arrived too late to take part in the battle. It participated in the siege at C>rinth, and was actively engaged in several severe skir- mishes. The regiment followed in pursuit of the retreating rebels as far as Booneville, Miss., returning via Corinth and luka to Tuscumbia, Ala., then marched with Buell's forces into Kentucky', was present at the battle of Perry- ville, but not actively engaged ; was with llose- crans at Stone River, and took a prominv-nt part in the battle of December 31, with a loss of twenty wounded. The Seventeenth joined the Tullahoma campaign, and, with its brigade at Hoover's Gap, shared in a gallant charge upon the Seventeenth Tennessee Rebel Reg- ment, driving them from their position, and gaining possession of their works. "This charge was executed with such cool- ness and determination as to draw the particu- lar attention of Gen. Thomas." In the battle of Chickamauga, the regiment was badly cut to pieces, leaving the fie'd with but fifty-two men. The loss of the Seventeenth in this engagement was over two hundred, in killed and wounded. During the siege in Chattanooga, the regiment was engaged in a number of skirmishes, then shared in the ac- tion at Brown's Ferry, and in the assault upon Mission Ridge, where it captured a rebel bat- tery, and turned the guns upon the enemy. In January, 1864, the Seventeenth rc-enlist- ed as veterans, and after the furlough home returned to the field in March, with o^er four 4~. >('• ^^~ X^mod^A^O-^v^ MILITARY RECORD. 463 hundred recruits, and followed Sherman through the Atlanta campaign. It was en- gaged in the skirmish of Rocky Face Ridge, and lost heavily in the battle of Resaca; and from that time until the fall of Atlanta, the regiment was almost constantly under fire, taking an active part at New Hope Church, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and .Jone.sboro. It marched with Sherman to the sea and through the Caro- linas, took part in the last battle of the war at Bentonville, passed in review before the Presi dent at Washington, then moved to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out in July, 1805. About forty men were recruited in Union County, for Company C of this regiment, ten of whom died in the hospitals, of wounds or disease, four were wounded, and one was taken prisoner, making a total loss of fifteen, or more than one-third of the detachment. The Seventeenth Ohio "was in the service from the beginning of the war. It was always at the front — never doing a single day's serv- ice in mere garrison duty. It served under nearly all the famous commanders — McClellan, Buell, Rosecrans, Thomas, Grant, Halleck, .Sherman and Schofield. It held an honorable place from the first in that noted corps, Thomas' Fourteenth, and was never driven save at Chickamauga ; even then it quit the field only under orders, and at nightfall." COMPANY B. Cooperider, .John, e. August, 1862, disc. June, 186-5. COMPANY c. .St-rgeant Major Benjamin (irubbs, e. .September 2, 1861, di.sc. January 31, 1H63. .Sergeant W. H. Jordan, e. August, 1861, wonnded at Chickamauga, Ga., .September 20, 1803, disc. July, 186.1. Beltz, E., e. September 2, 1861, died at Nashville, Tenn., November 11, 1862. Burroughs, Allen, e. Augast 16, 1862, disc. July, 186-5. Halliiiger, H. M., e. September 2, 1861. Bauer, P. 11., e. October M, 1861, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, disc. May -1, 186-5. Cowgill, J. G., e. September 2, 1861. Died in Georgia. Cooper, J. T., e. November 2, 1863, disc. November 24, 1864. Connelly, H. N., e. August, 1861, died at Somerset, Ky., 1862. Connor, Jame.s, e. September 2, 1861, dbjc. 186-5. Corbet, .John, e. .September 2, 1864, di.sc. May 30, 186-5. Decker, Henry H., e. September 2, 1861, disc. 1863. Ford, D. S., e. September 29, 1862, disc. July, 186.5. Grubbs, Oliver H., e. September 30, 1863, disc. July, 1865. Grubljs, .Thomas, e. September .30, 1861, disc. July, 1865. Homan, David, e. September 2, 1861, disc. 1864. Huffman, W. E., e. September 1, 1862, died at Mur- freesboro, Tenn., February 24, 1863. Ilamler, John, e. August, 1861. Died. Hamler, Lsaac, e. August, 1861. Died. Holycross, John H., e. Augu-st 16, 1862, disc. July, 1865. Inskeep, William E., e. August, 1861, disc. 1864. Jordan, George, e. March 27, 1>562, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., .September 20, 1863, di.sc. May 6, 1864. Kennedy, H. N., e. August 25, 1861, died at Somerset, Ky., February 3, 1862. Lane, William, e. February 8, 1863, disc. July, 1865. Lane, Thomas N., e. February 18, 1863, disc. August 2-5, 1865. Logan, (ieorge, e. .September 24, 1861, disc. July 29, 1863. Logan, Ephraim, e. September 14, 1864, disc. June 13, 1865. McAllister, Neli'jn, e. August, 1864, died at Goldslx*- rough, N. C. Millington, O. .Mattox, Thomas W., e. September 19, 1863. Vany, Joseph, e. August 16, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., 18«W. Norveil, Eli, e. November, 186.3, disc. July, 186-5. Vany, Isaac, e. August 16, 1862. Prisoner. Organ, William H., e. September 29, 1862, disc. July, 186-5. Spencer, Samuel, e. .September 2, 1861. .Sharr>, W. S., e. February ^i, 1864, disc. July, 186.5. Stratten. D. L. Thorna-s, Elias, e. August 20, 1861, disc. August 20,^86.5. Van Sant, Jame.s. Died. Walker, Samuel, e. .September 2,^1861. West, Alonzo P., e. .September 3, 1863. Webb, Isaac, e. August, 1861, woundcl at Chicka- mauga September 19. 1863, disc. 'October, 1864. West, S. M., e. .September 2, 1861, disc. March 26, 1863. COMPANY E. Lane, Lemuel, e. February 9, 1864, disc. Novemtjer 24, 1864. Marshall, W. C, e. February, 1864, disc. July, 186-5. Spain, Albert, e. February 14, 18f;3, disc. May 6, I860. COMPANY o. Andrews, C. C, e. April 16, 1861, disc. July, 1865. McNear, William. EIGHTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Eighteenth Ohio was organized May 29, 18fJl, for three months' service, and August f^J, for three years, under Col. Timothy R. Stanley. It joined the forces under Gen. Mitchell in Kentucky, and after serving in that State for a time, proceeded to Nashville, Tenn., thence to Huntsville, Ala., capturing about yOO prisoners, and a large amount of supplies. The regiment was engaged in the battle at Stone River, December 31, 1862, los- ing on this occasion 18-^ officers and men. In .lune, it accompanied the advance on Tulla- homa, and a few days later, marched toward Chattanooga, and took a prominent part in the battle of Chickamauga. The regiment re- mained at Chattanooga until the 20th of Octo- ber, 1864, when it was ordered to Columbus, Ohio, to be mustered out. The Eighteenth Ohio was re-organized in the fall of 1864, under Col. C. H. Grosvenor, and on the 6th of December, participated in the battles of Nashville and Overton Hill, with a loss of four officers and seventy-five men, killed and wounded. It followed in pursuit of Hood to Tuscumbia, from whence it marched to Chattanooga. In July, I860, it moved to Georgia, and op- erated under Gen. Steedman, at Augusta, until mustered out on the 9th of October, 186-5. COMPANY A. Allen, Emerson, e. .September 7, 1861. Coons, Abraham, e. April 4, 186.5. Coons, B. J., e. April 4, 1865, disc. July 27, 1865. Cahill, Enos, e. April 4, 1865, disc. October 9, 1865. Keisey, George. Tracy, John W., e. April 4, 1864, disc. October 9, 1865. Wilson, G. H. COMPANY B. Drake, L. K., e. April 2, 1865, disc. October 9, 1865. Davis, A. C, e. April 4, 186-5. Green, Ira, e. September 9, 1861, wounded at Colum- bus, Ky., 1862, disc. May 7, 1862. COMPANY D. Haines, C. F., e. March 20, 1865, disc. October 9, 186-5. N 464 UNION COUNTY \ COMPANY E. Wood, Joseph. COMPANY F.- Sergeant J. G. Turner, e. April 25, 1861, disc. June 26, 1S64. White, Alexander. COMPANY G. McAdow, T. J., e. Kovember 23, ISGl, wounded at Chick- ainauga, Ga., September, 18G3, di.-iC. IStU. McDwitt, S. S., e. Octol)er 2, ISGl, wounded at Stone River, Teun., December 31, lSi)2, disc. August 17, lti63. COMPANY H. Captain D. E.Williams, e. Kovember .5, 1S61, disc. AUiTUSt 30, 18G2. Pebolt, John, e. September 25, 18G1. Miller, Jeremiah, e. March 20, 1865, disc. October 9, 1865. COMPANY" I. C'onvei-s, n. G,. e. October 16, 1861. Died at home. Drake, S. S., e. March, 1864, disc. October 9, 1865. COMPANY K. Johnson, Elias, e. March 20, 1865, disc. July 15, 1865. Tucker. Georse B. e. October 9, 1861, disc. November 9. 1864. NINETEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment organized under Col. Samuel Beatty, for three months' service. May 15, 1861,'and for three years September 26. It served in West Virginia until November, when it moved to Kentucky. The Nineteenth fought ai Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga and Mis- sion Ridge, and after three years' service, re- enlisted and followed Sherman in his Atlanta campaign. It moved with Thomas to Nash- ville, took part iu the battles at that place and followed in pursuit of Hood to the Ten- nessee River. After the war, this regiment served in Texas until September, 1865, when it returned to Columbus, Ohio, and received its final dis- charge November 25, 1865. The Nineteenth lost over 500 men in battle. COMPANY D. Temple. George, e. September, 1864, disc. June 9, 1865. COMPANY F. Crowder, William, e. September 24, 1864. disc. Juue 9. i!sr>o. Henry, Alexander. COMPANY I. O'Brien, Michael, e. Sopteniher. 1864. Wounded at Kesaca, Ga., 1864, dis. Octuber 21, 1SC5. TWENTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. The Twentieth Ohio organized for three months' service in May. 1861, and for three years, October 21, under Col. Charles Whit- tlesey. It served in Kentucky until February, 1862, then moved to Fort Donelson where it passed through its first battle. In December it advanced into Missi.ssippi and in February, 1863, joined Grant at Vicksburg, and took part in the engagements at Raymond, Jackson and Champion Hills. Having re-enlisted as veter- ans, the Twentieth joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, marched to the sea and through the Carolinas, passed in review at Washington and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 18, 1865. COMPANY A, Sergt. W. W. McMahan, e. August 15, 1861, disc, 1865. Sams, Joseph, e. August, 1861, disc. 1863. COMPANY E. Robinson, W. R., e. September 23, 1861, disc. 1864. COMPANY G. Corp. E. W. Case, e. August IS, 1861. Taken prisoner at La Grauge in 1863, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., 1864, disc. 1865. Emerson, J. C, e. May 1, 1861, disc. August 4, 1861. TWENTY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The Twenty-first Ohio was organized April 27, 1861, for three months' service ; and re- organized September 19 for three years, under Col. Jesse S. Norton. It served under Gen. Buell in Gen. 0. M. Mitchell's division ; was with Gen. Rosecrans at Stone River and Chickamauga. Having re-enlisted as veterans, the Twenty-first joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, and was present at the battles of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Vining's Station, Peach- Tree Creek and Jonesboro. It followed in per- suit of Hood to Galesville, from whence it re- turned to Atlanta ; then moving north through the Caiolinas, it participated in the last battle of the war at Bentonville, took part in the review at Washington on May 26, 1865, and was mus- tered out of the service the following July, at Louisville, Ky. COMPANY A. Higgins, J. A., e. September, 1861, killed at Chickamau ga, Ga., September 20, 1 863. Smith, Geo. W. CCMPANY H. Sergeant E. P. Gillespie, e. .August 5, 1862, taken pris- oner, 1863. Brake, J. M., e. September 20, 1861, disc. October 10, 1862. TWENTY-SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized under Gen. Fremont in Missouri — (originally under the name of the Thirteenth Missouri). November 5, 1861. It served with Grant at Fort Donelson and Shiloh. On the 7th of July, 1862, the Secretary of War ordered its transfer to Ohio, to be named the Twenty-second Ohio Infantry. It served under Rosecrans at Corinth. In June, 1863, it moved to Haines" Bluff, near Vicksburg, and to Arkansas, in August, where it remained until mustered out of service, November 18, 1864. Lieutenant Colonel Homer Thrall, e. April 30, 1861, disc. November 14, 1864. COMPANY B. Sergeant Chas. H. Jacobs, e. April 14, 1861, disc. 1864. McKim, James, died. TWENTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. i The Twenty-third Ohio was organized in June, 1861, under Col. William S. Rosecrans. [ who, being promoted, was succeeded by Col. I E. P. Scammon. In July, it entered the field in West Virginia, and in September moved on j Oarnifex Ferry, where a sharp skirmish en- MILITARY RECORD. 46.5 sued. The regiment, under Lieut. Col. Hayes, took a prominent part in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, losing over 200 men in the two engagements. In March, it was or- dered to Charleston, Va., where it remained quietly in camp until the spring of 1804, when it joined Gen. (,'ook's raid on the Virginia k, Tennessee Railroad. In May, it participated in the engagements at Cloyd Mountain and New Kiver Bridge. In .June, the Twenty-third joined Hunter's march on Lynchburg, return- ing to Charleston July 1, then moved to Mar- tinsburg. It was engaged in the Vjattle of Winchester, losing \b'i men. In the engage- ment at Opequon, the regiment fought with conspicuous gallantry, and on the 20th of Sep- tember participated in the assault upon North Mountain. It was with .Sheridan in the bloody battle of Cedar Creek, where he rode " from Winchester, twenty miles away," and at the end of the day achieved a glorious victory. Returning to Martinsburg, the regiment re- mained in that vicinity until the close of the war, when it proceeded to Columbus, Uhio, and was mustered out on the 2f;th of July, 1865. Several of the field officers of this regiment gained distinction in both military and civil life : W. S. Rosecrans, became a noted General ; R. B. Hayes, President of the United States, and Stanley Matthews, United States Sena- tor. Surgeon K. T. King, e. March 1, 18C4, disc. July 1, 18C.5. COMPANY B. Corp. T. C. McDowell, e. Augnet 9, 18fcl, Site. July 2.5, 186.5. COMPANY D. Curtis, L. C, e. May 20, 1861, disc. June 30, 18C4. COMPANY r. McAtte, A. M., e. June .5, 1861, wounded at Antietam, Wd., September, 1862, disc. December 30, 1862. Sfiicer, ^1111801,8. April, 1861. wounded at Winchester, Va., diec. July 26, 1865, died July, 1879. COMPANY G. Huffman, Charles W., e. June 15, 1861, taken prisoner at Lynchburg, Va., June, 1864, disc. July 26, 1865. COMPANY H. Fitzgerald, John.e. February 12, 1864, died at ■Winchester, Va., July 27, 1804, of wounds received in action July 24, 1864. COMPANY I. Spencer, James S., e. June 10, 1861, diec. June 30, 1865. TWENTY-rOCETH OHIO INFAKTKT. This regiment was organized in .June, 18G1, under Col. Jacob Ammen. It served in West Virginia until November, when it moved into Kentucky. It marched to Pittsburg Landing, took part in that battle, and those at Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Ringgold. The Twenty-fourth was mustered out on the 24th day of June, 1864. COMPANY A. Coil, John, e. September, 1861, died at Camp Dennison, 1863. TWEXTT-FIFTH OHIO ISFAKTKT. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, on the 28ih of June, 1861, under Col. James A. Jones. It operated in West Virginia un- til April, 1862, when it crossed the Allegha- nies and fought at Bull Pasture Mountain and Cross Keys, losing over one hundred men. It joined Gen. Pope's campaign and engaged in the battles of the Second Bull Run, (jhan- cellorsville and Gettysburg. The Twenty-fifth re-enlisted in January, 1864, and served in South Carolina until mustered out on the 18th of June, 1866. tOMPASY tS' McWade, S. G., e. 1862, taken prisoner at Fort Leaven- worth, Kan. COMPANY K. ilyers, Jacob. TWENTY-SIXTH OHIO INFAXTEY. The organization of this regiment was com- jdeted early in July, 1861, and was immedi- ately ordered to the Upper Kanawha Valley. It led the advance in the movement of Gen. Rosecrans on Sewell Mountain, and on the re- treat was the rear guard of the army. In January, 1862, the Twenty-sixth was trans- ferred to Kentucky. It was in the winter campaign which resulted in the capture of Nashville ; was in the forced march to Shiloh, it and the Seventeenth Indiana Regiment mak- ing a detour to the left, to a town about twenty miles, scattering a force that was organizing to attack our train, and joining the main column next day was in the advance during the siege and was the first regiment to enter Cor- inth. During the latter part of August, the Twenty-sixth, together with the Seventeenth and Fifty-eighth Indiana Regiments, routed Forest's division of cavalry near McMinn- ville, Tenn. In the battle of Stone Kiver, the Twenty-sixth held its position, notwithstand- ing all the army on its right was routed, and its line repeatedly charged for hours by heavy columns of the enemy flushed with victory, yet they were every time repulsed with terri- ble slaughter. In the advance on Tullahoma and Shelby- ville, the regiment took a prominent part, and was again actively engaged at Chickamauga. In the assault upon Mission Ridge, it fully sustained its former reputation, losing on this occasion about one-fourth its number in killed and wounded. The Twenty-sixth re-enlisted in January, 1864, and after the furlough home joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign and par- ticipated in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek and Jonesboro. It pursued Hood north, took part in the battle at Nash- ville, then followed the enemy to the Tennessee River. . After the close of the war, the Twenty-sixth served in Texas until mustered out of the service on the 21st of October, 1865. Aasistant Surgeon Andrew Sabine, commisssion issued July 2, 1861 ; promoted to Surgeon of Seventy-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, February 16, 1863; disc. July 24, 1865. 466 UNION COUNTY COMPANY C. Corporal S. G. Fry, e. Julj' 27, 1861 ; wounded and taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., September 9, 1863; wounded at Fort Blakely, Ala., April, 1865. Davis, J. B., e. May 1, 1861, disc. May 14, 1862. COMPANY H. Chance, Ben. Bea, Joseph, e. July 15, 1861, disc. July 25, 1864, wounded at Winchester, Va. COMPANY K. Holden, John, e. March 1, 1862, disc. October 21, 1865. Howison, W. L., e. October, 1861, disc. July 25, 1865. Holycross, A. M., e. July 22, 1861, disc. June 18, 1862. Morse, Albert E., e. September 13, 1862, disc. March 22, 1863. Philips, Chas., e. July 22, 1861, disc. July 25, 1864. Bobbins, Z. S., e. July 22, 1861, disc. February 7, 1862. TWENTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1861, under Col. John W. Fuller. It served in Missouri until March, 1862, when it moved, with the Army of the Mississippi, on New Mad- rid, and after the surrender of that place assisted in the capture of Island No. 10. In May, it joined Halleck's Army, and in Septem- ber took part in the battles of luka and Cor- inth. It followed Grant in his Mississippi expedition as far South a.s Oxford, when it was ordered back to Jackson, and joined in the pursuit of Forrest, the rebel raider. The Twenty-seventh, after re-enlisting, joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, and was engaged in the battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kene- saw, Nickojack Creek and Atlanta. It pur- sued Hood northward, and, returning, followed Sherman to the sea. It marched through the Carolinas, and took part in the last battle of the war, at Bentonville. After taking part in the grand review at Washington, it proceeded (o Louisville, where it was mustered out, July, 1865. COMPANY D. Captain J. H. Cooper, e. July 18, 1861, disc. July 11, 1865. Evans, Thomas, wounded. Evans, Walter, died. TWENTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Twenty-eighth Ohio was organized in June, 1861, under Col. August Moor. It served in West Virginia, and, under McClellan, fought at South Mountain and Antietam. In April, 1864, it joined the Army of the Shenandoah, and, on May 11, took part in the battle of New Market. It shared in the advance on Wood- stock, New Market, Harrisburg and Port Re- public, and, on June 5, participated in the attack on the rebels near Piedmont. Its term of service having expired, the regi- ment was mustered out July 23, 1864. The Twenty-eighth lost in battle two officers killed, seven wounded; ninety men killed, one hundred and sixty-two wounded ; and one hun- dred and seventy-three disabled by disease. COMPANY B. Perry, John, e. December, 1862. TWENTY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1861, under Col. Louis P. Buckley. It served in Maryland and Virginia until September, 1863, participating in the battles of Winches- ter, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, the second Bull Run and Chancellorsville. It was with Hooker at Lookout Mountain, and, join- ing Sherman's Atlanta campaign, was engaged in the battles of Dug Gap, Resaca, Dallas, Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, and the siege of Atlanta. It marched to the sea and through the Caro- linas to Washington. The Twenty-ninth was discharged at Cleveland, Ohio, July 22, 1865. COMPANY I. Voorhees, 0. H., e. June 2, 1864, disc. 18G5. THIRTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. Company E, of the Thirtieth Ohio Infantry. was organized by Capt. Elijah Warner, at Jerome, Union County, Ohio, in the month of August, 1861, and marched thence to Camp Chase, a distance of twenty miles, where it ar- rived on the 19th day of August. On the 29th, the company was mustered into the United States service, with the following commissioned officers: Elijah Warner, Captain; Henry R. Brinkerhoflf, First Lieutenant, and Henry Hensel, Second Lieutenant. The Thirtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Chase on the 28th of Au- gust, 1861, ijnder Col. John Groesbeck, who was soon succeeded by Col. Hugh Ewing. On the oOth, the regiment was ordered into the field, and on the 2d of September arrived at Clarksburg, W. Va., then moved forward to Weston, where it received its first out- fit of camp and garrison ectuipage. On Sep- tember 6, the regiment joined Gen. Rosecrans at Sutton Heights, leaving four companies, D, F, G, and I, at this place and two, C, and E. at Big Birch Bottom, the remainder of the regiment moved forward and on the evening of the 10th discerned the enemy near Gawley River, at Carnifex Ferry, where a sharp en- counter ensued ; night coming on, ended the battle. Early on the following morning, it was discovered that the enemy had evacuated their position and retreated across the river. Col. Ewing was the first man to enter the deserted fortifications. He found, amid a multitude of camp and garrison spoils, two fine French dress swords; one bearing the coat of arms of Napoleon I, and a stand of colors bearing the following inscription: "Floyd's brigade." " The price of Liberty is the blood of the Brave." On December 25, the regiment lield its first dress parade at Fayetteville, and from this time until August, 1862, served in detach- ments. On the 16th, the Thirtieth started to join the army in Eastern Virginia ; the right MILITARY RECORD. 467 Tving reported for duty at Gen. Pope's head- quarters on the 26th, and after the engage- ment at Centerville the left wing joined the right, having been under fire but not engaged with the musketry in the baUle at this place. On the 2d of September, the regiment was relieved from duty at Gen. Pope's headquar- ters and joined its brigade — the First — at Up- ton Hills. On the 7th, it moved to Fred- erick City, Md., and on the 14th arrived at South Mountain where a severe struggle with the enemy took place, with a loss of eighteen men killed and forty-eight wounded. In this engagement Company E suffered most severely, having one killeci and six wounded. In the battle at Antietam, the Thirtieth, lack- ing proper support, was thrown into slight confusion and compelled to fall back. It lost three officers killed and two wounded, eight men killed and thirty-seven wounded. The National colors were torn in fourteen places by the enemy's balls, and two color-bearers, Sergts. Saxie Carter and Nathan J. White, fell dead on the field. A stand of colors was res- cued on this occasion by David McKim, of Company E. On the 10th of October, the Thirtieth moved into West Virginia, and on the 13th of Novem- ber went into camp near Cannelton. A few weeks later, it started on a march into Logan County, returning with seventeen prisoners and seventy-five horses. In January, 1863, it moved down the Ohio and Mississippi to join Gen. Grant's army, and on arriving at Helena, Ark., was assigned to the Third Brigade, Sec- ond Division of the Fifteenth Army Corps. On the 21st it landed at Youngs Point, and for a few weeks worked on the canal at that place. In March it moved to the relief of some gun- boat in Steel's Bayou, returning to Young's Point on the 28th. On the 29th of April, the regiment embarked on the R. B. Hamilton, and with other troops engaged in a demonstration on Haines' Blufi's. In May, it joined in the movement upon Vicks- burg, and from the 20th until the surrender of this stronghold the regiment was constantly engaged either in fatigue and picket duty or in assaulting the enemy's works. The loss of the Thirtieth during the siege was one commissioned officer killed and six wounded, six men killed and forty-eight wounded. After the surren- der of Vicksburg, the regiment pursued John- son to Jackson, and upon the evacuation of that place returned and went into camp at Black River. On the 26th of September, it moved with Sherman via Memphis to Chattanooga, and on the 25th of October participated in the as- sault upon Mission Ridge, losing thirty-nine men killed and wounded. In November, the Thirtieth followed in pur- suit of the retreating rebels, returning to Bridgeport, Ala., on the 19th of December; during this time the men were compelled to subsist oif the country with the exception of two days' rations issued on the 29th day of November. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted, and after the furlough home joined Sherman's forces at Kingston, Ga., on the 20th of May. On the 23d, it started on the march through Dallas and Acworth, and on the 19th of June arrived at the foot of Kenesaw Mountain ; during this march, the 30th was almost continuously under fire. It took an active part in the battle on the 26th, losing thirty-five men killed and wounded. On July 2, the regiment moved toward At- lanta, and on the 22d was attacked and thrown into some confusion at first, but soon rallied and succeeded in repulsing the enemy, not, however, without considerable loss. On the 28th, the regiment gallantly stood its ground and resisted four successive attacks of the en- emy, losing thirty men killed and wounded. TTnder its fire, the foe forsook a stand of colors ; and in its immediate front 105 dead rebels were found. The Thirtieth was transferred to the First Brigade on the 5th of August, and on the 29th the non-veterans were mustered out. On the 31st, the rebels attacked the line of the First Brigade, but were repulsed, the Thirtieth los- ing in this encounter twenty-five men killed and wounded. On the 2d of September, Jonesboro was evacuated by the enemy, the regiment pursu- ing them to Lovejoy's Station. After spend- ing several weeks in camp at East Point, the Thirtieth followed in the pursuit of Hood's army into Alabama, returned to Atlanta, then marched to Fort McAllister and took part in the successful assault on that place. After the fall of Savannah, the regiment passed through the Carolinas, having a sharp engagement with Johnson at Bentonville, and frequent skirmishes with the enemy. It ar- rived at Goldsboro March 24, 1865 ; then pro- ceeded to Raleigh on the 14th of April, and aided in the capture of Johnson's army. The Thirtieth marched to Washington via Richmond, and after passing in review, moved to Louisville, Ky., and thence to Little Rock, Ark. Here the regiment remained in camp until mustered out August 21, 1865, having participated in twenty different engagements, and having its colors shot in almost every battle. Company E lost, while in the field, ten killed, fifteen wounded, and twenty-eight died of dis- ease contracted in the service. COMPANY B. Gibson, William, e. March, 1864, disc. August 13, 1865. Maj. Elijah Waruer, e. August 19, 1861, entered the serv- ice as Captain of Company B., promoted to Major November 3, 1861, wounded May22, 1863, at "Vicksburg, Miss., resigned November 9, 1864. COMPANY E. Capt. J. D. Bain, e. September 10, 1861, disc. August 13, 1864, entered the service as Second Lieutenant. Capt. Joseph Collins, e. January 28, 1862, disc. January 7, 1865. First Lieut. H. K. Brinkerhoff, e. August 19, 1861, trans- ferred and promoted Lieutenant Colonel of negro regi- ment. 468 UNION COUNTY First Lieut. William S. Hatcher, e. January 1, ] 863, disc. June 1, 1865. First Lieut. James Trotter, disc. January 9, 1865. •Second Lieut. Henry Hensel, e. August 0, 1861, disc. May 15, 1862. Sergt. Horace Beach, e. August 19, 1S61, disc. August 31, 1864. Sergt. Joseph Beach, e. August 19, 1861, disc. June 2.o, 1865. Sergt. B. Burton, e. February 1, 1864, disc. August 13, 1865. Sergt. J. C. Collier, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865. Sero-t. John Engle, e. .\ugust 19, 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga.", August 10, 1864. !5ergt. Hiram Koney, e. August 19, 1861, disc. July 6, 1865, wounded at Fort McAllister, Ga., December 13, 1864. Corp. Amos Beach, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865. Corp. James Brobeck, e. August 19, 1862, killed in action near .Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1864, Corp. Caleb Green, e. August 19, 1861, died December 16, 1863, at Columbus, Ohio. Corp. Benjamin Gamble, e. August 19, 1861, died Septem- ber 1, 1863, in hospital at St. Louis, Mo. Corp. Alexander Harkness, e. August 19, 1861, disc. Au- gust 31, 1804. Corp. James G. LaugstafT, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864, woumied at Vicksburg, Miss. Corp. Robert McCrory, e. August 19, 1861, disc. Sep- tember 3, 1863. Corp. John A. Porter, e. August 19, 1861, sent to hospital, New Berne, N. C, and not again heard from. Corp. Addison Wells, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1864. Coi-p. A. J. WoUam, e. August 19, 1861, wounded Sep- tember 17, 1862, at Antietam, Md., killed near Atlanta, Gh., August 10, 1864. .\shbaugh, D. U., e. August 13, 1862, disc. June 18, 1865. Ashbaugh. M. 0., e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864. Bercaw, Jeremiah, e. August 19, 1861, disc. February 24, 1863. Buckley, Joseph, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1864. Buckley, Samuel, e.' August 19, 1861, disc. August 13 1864. Beaver, William, e. August 19, 1861, disc. April 13, 1863, (lied August 17, 1880. Borland, William, e. September 5, 1861, disc. January 29, 1883, wounded at South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862. Brown, William G., e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864. Bogau, Joseph, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864. Brinkerhofif, William B., e. August 19, 1861, disc. Feb- ruary 24, 1863. Cabo, John, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864. Collier, William, e. August 19, 1861, disc. January 7, 1865. Cowen, James, e. March 10, 1862, disc. August 17, 1863. Donalsou, D. M., e. August 13, 1862, died in hospital at St. Louis, Mo., February 8, 1863. Dennis, AV. H., e. August 29, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865. Ellis, D. W., e. August 19, 1861, died in hospital at Camp Union, Va., May 6, 1862. Forquer, Peter, e. March 26, 1862, disc. March 29, 1865, Wounded at South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862. Freshwater, George, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865. Fleck, T. S., e. August 19, 1861, disc. December 2, 1862, wounded at Antietsvm, Md., September 17, 1862. Fultz, John, e. August 13, 1862, died near Vicksburg, Miss., July 24, 1863. Grubb, B. C, e. August 13, 1862, died at Young's Point, May 9, 1863. Grubb, William C, e. August 19, 1861, disc. December 29, 1864. Grauam, H., e. August 19, 1801, disc. August 13, 1865. Hamilton, J. E., e. August 19, 1861, died in hospital. Camp Union, Va., May 6, 1862. Huffvine, Moses, e. August 19, 1861, disc. November 14, 1862, wounded at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1862. Huffvine, William H., e. August 19, 1861,disc. November 24, 1864. Hofliiier, Lewis, e. August 19, 1861, disc. February 7,1864. Hahn, William F., e. Augu.st 19, 1861, disc. February 1, 1864, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1802. Hahn, William H., e. August 24, 1861, disc. August 13, 1864. Houts, Joseph, e. August 19, 1801, died in hospital. Camp Ewing, Va., October 18, 1861. Hudson, Joseph, e. August 19, 1861, killed in action, near South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1S62. Hill, Andrew, e. August 19, 1861, wounded at South Mountain, aid., September 14, 1862. Johnson. Samuel, e. August 19, 1861, died in hospital at Camp Union, Va., April 29, 1862. Johnson, H., e. August 20, 1862, died at St. Louis, Mo. Jackson, William H., e. August 13, 1802, died in hospital at Louis, Mo.. August 16, 1863. Layinaster, D. D., killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 24,1864. Laccoarce, William C, e. August 24, 1861, disc. August 31, 1864. Laccoarce, Alouzo, e. August 19, 1861, disc. June 25 , 1865, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22,1862. Langsta£f, J. 0., e. September 5, 1861, killed at Mission Ridge, Tonn., November 25, 1863. Moore, S., e. August 19, 1861, disc. September 31, 1§63. Moore , Albert, e. March 7, 1862, disc. March 6, 1863, taken prisoner. Moore, F. M., e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865. Marsh, David, e. July 13, 1862, died in hospital at Jack- son, Miss., July 17, 1803. Merryman, James M., e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865, taken prisoner July 22, 1864. Mahaffy, Alexander, e. August 19, 1861. Morrow, Henry, e. August 13, 1862, died on United States hospital steamer McDougal, August 13, 1863. MuUe'n, Ezekiel, e. August 19, 1861, died in Hospital at Camp Union, Va., April 11, 1862. Mahaffy, Jefferson, e. August 19, 1861, reported missing at Cairo, 111., January, 1863. McCumber, Walter, e. .\ugust 19, 1861, disc. July 6, 1862. McGumber, Zeno, e. August 19, 1861, died at Van Buren Hospital. La., June 1, 1863. McGumber William, e. August 19, 1861, died at home, December 10, 1862. Mclntire, Joseph, e. August 19, 1861, died while at home on furlough, September 23, 1863. Mclntire, James, e. August 24, 1861, died in hospital at Columbus, Ohio, May 11, 1864. McKim, David, e. August 19, 1861, died while en route home on veteran furlough, August 9, 1864. Martin, Theodore, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1805, died at Bell Point, Ohio, 1877. Norris, Robert, e. August 13, 1862, disc. May 31, 1865. Noble, Lewis C, e. August 28, 1861, disc. August 13, 1804. Patterson, John A., e. August 19, 1861, diedat,Cinciunati, Ohio, April 16, 1862. Patterson, Robert, e. August 13, 1862, killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 24, 1864. Perry, Daniel, e. August 13. 1862, disc. May 31, 1865. Perry, Luther, e. August 19, 1861, died at Plain City, Ohio, February 28, 1865. Perkins. Atlas, e. August 19, 1861, died at Gauley's Bridge Hospital, Va., October .3, 1861. Preston, Thomas H., e. August 13, 1862, disc. May 31, 1865. Roney, Jesse, e. \ugust 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1865, wounded at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1802. Buehlen, Solomon, August 19, 1801, disc. November* 4, 1863, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863. Scofield, James, e. August 19, 1801, disc. August 31, 1864. Scott, David S., e. August 19, 1861, died in hospital at Camp Union, Va., February 26, 1862. Stephens Saulsbery, e. August 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1S64. Shaw, Thomas, e. August 13, 1862. Skinner, L. B., e. August 19, 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Smith, 0. D., e. August 19, 1861, wounded*. Smith, David, e. August 13, 1862, died in regiment hos- pital. Camp Sherman, Miss., August 18, 1863. Stevens, James, e. August 19, 1861, died in regiment hos- pital, at Camp Union, Va., January 9, 1862. Thomas, Byron, e. .\ugust 19, 1861, disc. August 13, 1864, wounded at South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862. Taylor, Adam, e. August 19, 1801. Urton, T. P. e. August 19, 1861, killed at Keuesaw Mount- ain, Ga., June 27, 1804. Wells. William, e. August 29,1801, died at home, Septem- ber 1, 1802. WoUam, A. J., e. .Vugust 19, 1861, killed near Atlanta, Ga., August 10, 1864. Wagnor, James, e. May 10, 1864. Webb, S. P., e. August 22. 1862. Wood, Aaron, Aus.'u.st 19, 1862, died in hospital at Young's Point, La., Mav~23, 1863. Wolf, John M., e. .Vugust 13, 1862. MILITARY RECORD. 469 THIRTY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The Thirty-first Ohio Infantry was organ- ized at Camp Chase, in August, 1861, under Col. Moses B. Walker. Company F, of this regiment, was recruited in Union County, and mustei'ed into the serv- ice with A. J. Sterling as Captain ; J. A. Cahill, First Lieutenant; John Hartshorn, Second Lieutenant, and J. J. ^liller, First Sergeant. Of the one hundred and fifteen men from this county who served in Company F, twenty-four died on the field and in the hos- pitals, twenty-eight were wounded, and five were taken prisoners. Several other com- panies of this regiment also contained repre- sentatives from Union County. About the 1st of October, the Thirty-first crossed the Ohio Pdver and entered Kentucky, where it was disciplined, drilled, and pre- pared for the duties of the field. In January, 1862, it mai'ched to the assistance of Gen. Thomas, and took part in the battle of Mill Springs, after which it was assigned to the First Brigade, First division. Army of the Ohio. It joined Buell's army at Nashville, moved to Pittsburg Landing, then took part in the siege of Corinth. In June, it moved upon luka, and, after its capture, proceeded toward Tuscumbia. The Thirty-first continued to oper- ate in Tennessee until Buell's campaign in Kentucky opened, when it participated in that terrible march from Battle Creek to Louisville, and was present at the battle of Perryville, Ky. In November, the regiment, unaided by other troops, defeated a brigade of Confederate cavalry, commanded by Gen. Bazel Duke, near Gallatin, Tenn. The Thirty-first was assigned to the Four- teenth Army Corps at the lime that corps was organized, and " the boys" of this regiment wore the " Blue Acorn" — signifying the Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps — until mus- tered out. In the battle of Stone River, this regiment occupied the right center, and was in the bri- gade that turned the rebel lines at Hoover's Gap. Moving through Tullahoma to Chat- tanooga, it was next engaged at Chickamauga, on the 19th and 20th of September, and held a position on Snodgrass Hill, in that portion of the army commanded by Gen. Thomas in per- son. In this battle. Company F lost P. L. Seaman, D. M. Cahill and Elmer Dauforth, killed ; Harrison Hosack and R. S. Rea, mor- tally wounded ; Capt. A. J. Sterling, H. S. Colver, J. N. Carter, James Cooley, D. W. Mc-. Ilroy, J. J. Miller, J. A. North, Allen Strick- land, H. N. W. Simmons, J. H. Thompson, Winfield Winters, R. Williams, L. B. Glenn, D. J. Cheney and B. Tucker wounded, and N. F. Swank taken prisoner — twenty-one out of the forty-three wlio answered to roll-call on the morning of the 19th. The regiment was next engaged at Brown's Ferry, then followed the battle of Mission Ridge, where the colors of the Thirty-first were the first to wave on the enemy's works. It was specially complimented by General Thomas for its gallant service on this occasion. In January, 1864, the Thirty-first i-e-enlist- ed, and on the expiration of veteran furlough, joined Sherman's army at Ringgold, and was in the front line from Chattanooga to Atlanta, sustaining heavy losses at Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Sand Town Road. Company F lost in this campaign Capt. James A. Cahill, ^Y. AV. McKee, William Will- iams, J. H. Chapman and John Smith, killed; William Knox and S. T. Merritt, mortally wounded, and J. Harriman, E. Clark, S. Mc- Neil, W. M. Blake, E. Brown, M. Blue, T. H. Chapman, H. E. W. Fields, H. T. Shirk, D. J. Phelps and E. Lister, wounded. This regiment was in the left wing of Sher- man's army " while marching through Geor- gia;" then moving from Savannah through the Caroliuas, was in the battle of Bentonville, and near Raleigh at the time of Johnston's surrender ; marched to Washington City and took pai't in the grand review on the 25th of May, 1865. The Thirty-first was mustered out at Louis- ville, Ky., July 20, and discharged at Colum- bus, Ohio, on the 26th of July, 1865, proud to have belonged to the Army of the Cum- berland, commanded by George H. Thomas, and of its faded "battle flag," all tattered and torn, which it had carried over the hills of Western Kentucky, against Morgan and Wheeler, across the State of Tennessee to the field of Shiloh and the siege of Cor- inth, on Buell's march to Louisville, Ky. Then upon the fields of Perryville, Harrodsburg, Cage Ford, Lavergne, Stone River, Triune, Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, McMinnville and Chickamauga, where eight of its brave defend- ers were shot down while bearing the old flag aloft; again at Brown's Ferry and JVIission Ridge — where two more of its bearers fell — home on veteran furlough, then into the bat- tles of Tunnel Hill, Rocky Face Gap and Res- aca. The banner was "rent with seam and gash," having been pierced by eighty-nine bullets, and the staff by ten more. COMPANY A. Carter, J. N., e. August 17, 18G1; disc. July 20, 1865. Carter, 0. N.. e. 1861 ; disc. 1861. COMPANY C. .Johnson, P., e. October 6, 1862; transferred to invalid corps May, 1864 ; died at home. COMPANY E. Corporal C. Andrews, e. February 22, 1864 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Clark, Seth, e. February 20, 1864 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Clark, B., e. February 13, 1864; disc. November 24, 1864. Darling, John J., e. February 23, 1864; disc. Januarys, 1865 ; wounded at Eesaca, Ga. May 14, 1864. Parish, D. C, e. March 8, 1864 ; disc. June 10, 1865 ; taken prisoner at Kingston, N. C, March 14, 1865. Scott, John, e. February 19, 1864 ; died at Savannah, Ga., February 14, 1865. 470 UNION COUNTY COMPANY F. Capt. A. J. sterling:, e. August 1, 1861 ; disc. November 24, 1863; wounded at Chickamauga September 20, 1863 ; disc. November 24, 186a, in consequence of wound ; after recovering, assisted in organizing, and served as Lieutenant Colonel in the 174th 0. V. I. First Lieutenant James A. Cahill, e. August 1, 1861; promoted to Captain June 2-3, 1863; killed at Kene- saw Mountain, Ga., July 23, 1864; buried in Section E, National Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tenn. Second Lieutenant .John Hartshorne, e. August 22, 1861 ; disc. February 12, 1863. Sergeant K. N. Bault, e. September 1, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Sergeant Emanuel Clark, e. August 2, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865; wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864; promoted to Second Lieutenant March 9, 1864. Sergeant J. S. Lawrence, e. August 20, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Sergeant Samuel McNeil, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 26, 1865; wd. at Mission Ridge, Ga., November 25, 1863. Sergeant P. L. Seaman, e. August 25, 1861; killed Sep- tember 20, 1863, at Chickamauga, Ga. Corporal Alvin Allen, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. Novem- ber 11,1862; died. Corporal John C. Babbs, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Corporal Thomas Beathard, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Corporal R. H. Eastman, e. September 19. 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Corporal L. B. Glenn, e. October 23, 1861 ; disc. October 23, 1864 ; wd. at Chatfcinooga, Tenn., in 1863. Corijoral A. Lockwood, e. September 3, 1861; disc. March 10, 1863. Adams, H. D., e. August. 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865 ; taken prisoner at Memphis, Tenn., June 6, 1862. Argo, Emanuel, e. August 25, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Andrews, John H., e. August 29, 1861; disc. July 20, 1865; promoted to Corporal March 10, 1864. Andrews, Henry D., e. August, 1861. Benedict, J. B., e. September 3, 1861 ; died March 5, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky. Benedict, W. H., e. August 25, 1864 ; disc. 1865. Brigham, Eaton, e. August 27, 1861 ; disc. June 29, 1865. Brake, William M., e. September 1, 1863 ; disc. July 13, 1865; wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Bird, J. W., e. August 17, 1861 ; died at Washington, D. C. Bault, R. W., e. September, 1861; disc. July 20, 1865. Brown, Erbin, e. February 27. 1804 ; wd. at Resaca, Ga., May, 1864 ; transferred to invalid corps. Babbs, William, e. February 19, 1864; disc. July 20, 1865. Babbs, Calvin, e. February 19, 1864 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Blue, Michael, e. February 27, 1862 ; di«c. July 20 1865 ; wd. at Rf saca, Ga., May 14, 1804. Cahill, David J., e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Cahill, Uriah, e. September 1, 1862; disc. July 27, 1865. Cahill, D. M., e. August 17, 1801 ; killed at Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863. Cahill, Isaac, e. August 17, 1861; died at Corinth, Miss., June 13, 1862. Colver, H. S., e. August 19, 1861 ; disc. September 19, 1864 ; wd. at Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863. Cunningham, John, e. October 1, 1862 ; disc. March 14 1863. Craven, Benjamin F., e. August 17, 1801 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Chapman, J. D., e. September 19, 1861 ; disc. 1864. ' Chapman, J. H., e. August 17, 1861 ; killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863. Chapman, Jesse, e. August 17, 1861; disc. July 20, 1865. Chapman, T. H., e. September 14, 1861; disc. May 25, 1865 ; wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Carter, Cyrus, e. September, 1861. Carter, Benjamin, e. September 3, 1861 ; disc. December 16, 1802. Carter, William, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. January 4, 1862; died at Somerset, Ky. Carter, John N., e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. April 17, 1865 ; wd. at Chickamauga. Ga., September 19, 1863. Cooley, James, e. August 17 1861; disc. July 26, 1865; wd. at Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863, and at Sand Town Road, eye, arm, hip and foot. Carr, William W., e. August 17, 1861; disc. July 20; 1865. Cheney, D. J., e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. August 17, 1864, wd. at Chattanooga, Tenn., in 18C3. Danforth, Elmer, e. September 14, 1861 ; killed at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 22, 1863. Davis, Alfred, e. August 17, 1861; disc. September 13, 1862. Dodds, R. C, e. August 20, 1861; disc. July 20, 1805. Elliott, Uriah, e. August 25, 1861; disc. May 14, 1863. Elliott, John, e. August 17,1861; disc. July 20, 1865. Elliott, E. T., e. September 5, 1861; disc. December 30, 1862. Fields, H. E. W., e. February 27, 1864; disc. 1865; wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864; transferred to invalid corps. Fields, John, e. September, 1861; disc. May 25, 1865. Gladhill, Jeremiah, e. August 25, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Glasscock, A. C, e. August 25, 1861 ; disc. February 27. 1863. Glasscock, Joseph, e. August 25, 1861. Glasscock, W. P., e. August 25, 1861; disc. July 20, 1865. Gray, James I. Harrlman, George, e. August 1, 1861; disc. September 9, 1864; disc, to accept commission as First Lieutenant of the 174th 0. V. I. ; wd. at Kingston, N. C. Harriman, Joshua, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20 1865; wd. at Kene.saw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864; taken prisoner at Macon, Ga., 1864. Henning, J. K., e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Hoover, William, e. December 23, 1863; disc. July 20, 1865. Herd. H. D., e. August 28. 1861 ; disc. September 10, 1862. Holden, Jacob, e. August 17, 1861 ; disc. July 20, 1865. Horn, G. W. e. October 17, 1861, transferred to Invalid Corps, March 28, 1864. Hosack, Harrison, e. September 1, 1861, died October 27, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Higgins, A. J., e. August 17, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Kncx, William, e. December, 1863, died June 15, 1864, died of wounds received at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Lawrence, John W., e. August 20, 1861, disc. Septembei- 19, 1864. Lister, Klijah, e. September 20, 1861, disc. June 10, 186.^. taken prisoner at Goldsborough, N. C. April 17, 186-'', wounded at Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. McKee, William W., e. August, 1861, killed May 14, 1864, at Resaca, Ga. McKim, James H., e. August 17, 1861, died at Nashville. Tenn., October 17, 1862. McEldary, John, e. December 21, 1863, disc. May 20, 1865. Mcllroy, David W., e. August 17, 1861, di.sc. September 19, 1864, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga. McMillin, Samuel, e. Februarv 19, 1864, disc. July 2i', 1865. Miller, J. J., e. August 1, 1861, disc. July 24, 186.5, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September, 1863, pi'o- moted to Second Lieutenant in 1863, afterward to First Lieutenant. Miller, J. G., e. August 15, 1862, died January 26, 1863, at Gallatin, Tenn. Miller, Cornelius B., e. August 20, 1861, disc. July 11, 1862. Mather, J. D., e. February 19, 1864, disc. July 27, 1865. Moore, Thomas, e. September 12, 1861, disc. January 28, 1862 Merritt, S. T., e. February 14, 1864, died September 18, 1864, of wounds received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864. Merritt, C. D. A., e. Febniary 14, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Moffitt, H, C, e. September 6, 1862, disc. Februarv 20, 1863. Nash, D. W., e. August 25, 1861, disc. March 1, 1863. North, James A., e. August 22, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September, promoted to Second Lieutenant, May 29, 1865. Overfield, Benjamin, e. September 19, 1861, transferred to Invalid Corps, February 15, 1864. Oatley, Jerome. Pinkerton, John S., e. August 20, 1861, disc. [July 20, 1865. Price, Joseph, e. September 19, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, taken prisoner at Pellham, Ala., 1862. Phelps, D. J., e. December 23, 1863, disc. July 20, 18C5, wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Patterson, Charles M., e. September 1, 1862, died March 4, 1863, at Murfreesboro, Tenn. MILITARY RECORD. 471 Purcell, William J., e. April 24, 1862, disc. April 24, 1865. Kea, Robert S., e. September 1, 1861, disc. May 5, 1864, died at Columbus, Ohio, of wounds received at Chicka- mauga, Ga., 1863. Roberts, B. F., e. September 5, 1861, died September 21, 1865, at Essex, Union County, Ohio. Ross, Thomas, e. November 26, 1863, wounded at Resaca, 6a., May 14, 1864, transferred to Invalid Corps. Stout, Joseph, e. September 18, 1861. Stout, W. H. H., e. September 18, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Sterling, David, e. September 20, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Smith, John, e. February 14, 1864, died June 18, 1864, at Big Shanty, Ga. Swank, Nelson F., e. August 17, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Strickland, Allen, e. August 20, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Simmons, H. N. W., e. August 17, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Shirk, H. T., e. September, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, wounded at Resaca, Ga., died at home, July 29, 1869. Snedeker, William, e. September 18, 1861, died July 8, 1862, at Nashville, Tenn. Thompson, J. H., e. August 15, 1861, disc. September 19, 1864, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Tucker, Benjamin, e. August 25, 1861, disc. September 5, 1864, wounded at Chickamauga. Turner, John, e. August 25, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Turner, Jeremiah, e. September 21, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Winters, Winfield, e. August 17, 1861, disc. September 19, 1864, wounded at Chickamauga, 6a., 1863. Wilev, Penrose, e. February 19, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Wright, C. C, e. August 17, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Wells, Daniel W., e. August 17, 18G1, died while home on veteran furlough, at Byhalia, Ohio. Wheeler, E. M., e. September 13, 1861, disc. July 11, 1862. Wooly, William. Williams, R., e. August 17, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 20, 1863. Williams, W., e. August 1, 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 8, 1864. Wilber, J. G., e. August 27, 1862, disc. February 26, 1863. Wood, William, e. February, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. COMPANY H. Gilland, N. P., e. September 14, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. COMPANY K. Filler, Charles W., e. August 20, 1861, disc. June 2, 1865, taken prisoner September 19, 1863. THIRTY-SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. The Thirty-second Ohio Infantry was organ- ized during the summer of 1861, under Col. T. C. Ford, and was one of the first regiments to answer the call of the President for three years' service. Company B, of this regiment, was recruited in Union and Champaign Counties, and was mustered into the service at Camp Chase, Au- gust 9, 1861, with the following commissioned officers : W. A. Palmer, Captain ; A. B. Par- meter, First Lieutenant, and J. B. Whelpley, Second Lieutenant. It then joined the regi- ment at Camp Bartley, near Mansfield. Be- sides Company B, Companies C, D, £, F, G, H, and K also contained men from Union County. After remaining a short time at Camp Bart- ley, the regiment was transferred to Camp Dennison, where it was equipped, armed and ordered to the front, joining the Union forces at Cheat Mountain Summit, West Virginia, on the 3d of October. In December, it ac- companied Gen. Milroy in the movement upon Camp Alleghany, losing on this occasion four killed and fourteen wounded. After this ex- pedition, the regiment spent the winter in camp at Beverly, and in the spring of 1862 took part in the actions against Camp Allegha- ny, Huntsville and McDowell. In the engage- ment at Bull Pasture Mountain, on the 8th of May, when the Union army fell back to Frank- lin closely followed by the enemy, the Thirty- second was the last regiment to leave the field, and lost on this occasion six killed and fifty- three wounded. While at Franklin, it was transferred to Gen. Schenck's brigade, and was with Gen. Fremont in the Shenandoah Valley, and shared in the engagements at Cross Keys and Port Republic on the 8th and 9th of .June. Returning up the valley, it re- mained at Winchester, Va., until September 1, then moved to Harper's Ferry, losing 150 men in the engagement on the 14th. Of Company B, J. E. Webb was killed ; L. A. Mcintosh, D. Rose and .J. D. Webster, mortally wounded, and T. J. Conner and J. B. Russell, wounded. Capt. Palmer having resigned, the command of the company devolved upon Lieut. George Sinclair, who was promoted to Captain on the 22d of December. In .January, 1863, the regiment was ordered South, joined the army at Memphis, Tenn., and was assigned to Logan's division. Seven- teenth Army Corps, and was with the army under Grant in his advance in the rear of Vicksburg, taking part in the action at Port Gibson and in the battles of Raymond, Jack- son and Champion Hills. In the last-named engagement, it made a bayonet charge, and captured the First Mississippi Rebel Battery. For this feat of gallantry, the battery was turned over to Company F, of this regiment, which became the Twenty-sixth Ohio Battery. In the assault upon Vicksburg in May, 1863, the regiment was in the front line of the forces operating against that rebel stronghold, and it, with the Fourth Division, Seventeenth Corps, Gen. .J. A. Logan commanding, was detailed to take possession at the surrender. The Thirty-second lost in this campaign and siege 225 men. In July, 1863, the regi- ment moved with Stevenson to Monroe, La., and in October accompanied McPherson to Brownsville, Miss. In February, 1864, it op- erated under Sherman at Meridian, then re- turned to Vicksburg, re-enlisted, and, after the furlough home, joined Sherman's army at Ac- worth, Ga., on the 10th of June. It waw in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain, on the 27th of June, and at Nicojack Creek on the 10th of July. In the fighting around Atlanta on the 20th, 21st, 22d and 28th, the Thirty- second took an active part, losing more than half its numbers. Of Company B, J. K. Pe- ters, Jacob Fritz, W. B. Mitchell and J. W. Shirk were killed; S. H. Blake and S. Emery, mortally wounded ; .John Wiley, D. McCloud, R. Columber, C. P. Robinson and M. Sullivan, wounded, and T. C. McDowell, E. C. McMul- len, G. F. Peters, William Flago and Gideon Stork, taken prisoners. 472 UNION COUNTY After the fall of Atlanta, the regiment joined in the pursuit of Hood, marched with Sherman to the sea, and through the Carolinas, and on the 20th and '21st of March, 1865, took part in the engagement at Beutonville, then moved with the national forces to llal- eigh, and was present at Johnston's surrender. Marched through Richmond to Washington, and took part in the grand review before the President and his Cabinet. After which, it moved to Louisville, Ky., was mustered out of the service July 20, then proceeded to Co- lumbus, Ohio, where the men received their final discharge on the 25th day of July, 1865. It is claimed that the Thirty-second Regi- ment lost and received more men than any other from Ohio. Company B entered the field in September, 1861, 108 strong, and dur- ing the war received sixty-eight recruits, mak- ing the total number of enlistments 176. The company lost while in the field ten killed and died of wounds, eleven wounded, seventeen died of disease, and seven taken prisoners. Russell B. Bennett, Chaplain of the Thirty- second, was known in the Seventeenth Army Corps as the " fighting Chaplain.'" He first enlisted in the regiment as a private, and was a good and brave soldier in the ranks. When Chaplain Nickerson resigned and left the serv- ice, Bennett was promoted to the Chaplaincy of the regiment. He not only believed in the efficacy of prayer, but also believed in the efficacy of shot and shell, and, instead of remaining in the rear during an engagement, he was always up in the front line, not only to minister to the wounded and dying, but, with gun in hand, took his place in the ranks and encouraged the soldiers by his coolness and bravery. Of the many instances in which he rendered good services during a battle, we give one as related by the boys of the regiment: On the day the brave and gallant McPherson fell, July 22, 1864, the Seventeenth Corps was hotly engaged. The Thirty-second Regiment was flanked on all sides, and was compelled to change front several times, not knowing in what direction to next look for the enemy. At one time, during a few moments' lull in the battle, the Thirty-second was lying down in the edge of a corn-field waiting for the next attack, the Chaplain, cautioning the boys to lie very still, and protect themselves as best they could, advanced into the coru-field to make a reconnoissance, and, mounting a stump some forty or fifty yards in front of the line, discovered the battle line of the enemy rapid- ly advancing, and, moving back to his regi- ment, passed the word along the line that the enemy were close upon them; then, taking the musket of William B. Mitchell, of Compa- ny B — brother to John and James Mitchell, •of Marysville — he fired on the advancing line, Mitchell, lying upon the ground, would rapid- ly re-load the guu, and again Bennett would fire, and all the time exhorting the boys to "lie low" until the enemy were close upon them, then to ■' fire low." All this time he stood erect, not seeming to have any thought of his own safety, but only solicitous for the soldiers of the regiment, whom he loved dearly. Mitchell was killed as he lay on the ground, and, his body falling into the hands of the enemy, was never recov- ered. Bennett was universally respected and loved by all the officers and soldiers of the regiment, and to-day the boys all have a good word for Chaplain Bennett. COMPANY B. Capt, J. F. Johnson, e. January 20, 1863, disc. July 31 1865. Cajjt. William A. Palmer, e. August 9, 1861, disc. Decem- ber 22, 1862. Capt. George Sinclair, e. August 9, 1801, disc. July 20, 1865. Commissioned Second Lieut. February, 1862, First Lieut. June, 1862, and Capt. February, 1863 ; wounded July 21, 1864. Capt. John Wiley, e. August 9, 1861, disc. December 22, 1804. Commissioned Second Lieut. January, 1863, First Lieut. February, 1863, and Capt. August, 1864 ; wounded July 21, 1864. First Lieut. H. G. Johnson, e. September 14, 1861, disc. June 16, 1862. First Lieut. A. B. Parmeter, e. August 9,1861. Resigned September 15, 1861. , First Lieut. William Kosecrants, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. First Lieut. C. H. Stewart, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. First Lieut. Dwight Webb, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Taken prisoner at Pocotaligo, S. C, 1864. Promoted to Captain July 18, 1865. First Lieut. J. B. Whelpley, e. August '.i, 1861. Kesigned January 27, 1863. Army registerand commission record give January 24, 1802, as date of resignation. Second Lieut. Joseph W. Davis, e. July, 1861, disc. July 20, :80.5. Second Lieut. W. G. Snodgrass, e. August 9, 1861, disc. .luly 31, 1865. Sergt. B. F. Cummings, e. August 9, 1861. Sergt. C. S. De Witt, e. January 1, 1864, disc. July 20,- 1865. Sergt. Marion Hopkins, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Sergt. F. E. Hyde, e. August 9, 1861, disc. January 26, 1863. Sergt. H. M. Rouse, e. August 9, 1861, disc. April 15,1862. Sergt. 1). C. Shepherd, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Corp. John Blythe, e. January 1, 1864, disc. March 14, 1805. Corp. J. W. Filson, e. January 1, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Corp. D. C. Groves, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Corp. L. Hard, e. August 9, 1801. disc. July 20, 1865. Corp. Joseph P. Marriott, e. August 9, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., August 20, 1863. Corp. T. C. McDowell, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1805. Taken prisoner at Atlanta, Ga., 1864 ; in Ander- sonville prison sixty days. Corp. David McCloud, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Wounded at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Corp. William M. McLain, e. August 9, 1801. Corp. James K. Peters, e. August 9, 1861. Killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Corp. Gilbert J. Stark, e. August 9, 1861, disc. June 17, 1865. Corp. James E. Safford, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1805. Corp. John Stewart, e. August 9, 1861. Corp. Thomas P. Wren, e. August 9, 1801. Musician A. N. Downer, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Musician A. D. Glendening, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Musician 0. D. Lawler, e. January 1, 1864. Died in hos- pital at Marietta, Ga., July 29, 1864. Wagoner John Deavers, e. August 9, 1861. Teamster Charlies Pryor, e. August 9, 1861. Wounded December 31, 1861, at Alleghany Mountains, W. Va. MILITARY RECORD. 473 Allison, John, e. August 9, 18G1, disc. August 6, 1862. Ault, Joseph, e. August 0, 1862, disc. January 15, 1863. Butz, Solomon, e. October 27, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Barton, Benjamin, e. December 15, 1864, disc. July 20, 1805. Blake, Samuel H., e. August 9, 1861. Died of wounds re- ceived at Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1864. Blake, Henry W., e. September 14, 1861, disc. January 18, 1863. Died March 7, 18G7. Brooks, Davis, e. March 3, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Brothers, Jesse, e. August, 18G1, disc. June 18, 1865. Died. Bailey, William, e. August 9, 1861, disc. September 1, 1861. Bates, J. L. R., e. August 9, 1861, disc. January 26, 1865. Bates, Ancil, e. September 14, 1861, disc. January 26, 1865. Bates, Thomas M., e. January 1, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Brake, James A., e. August 6", 1862, disc. May 29, 1865. Bfake, .John, e. December 13,1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Cook, George W., e. August 9, 1861, disc. March 27, 1865. Conner, Thomas J., e. August 6, 1862, disc. April 10, 1863. Wounded and taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 13 1862. Conner, Florence, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Cooledge, Joshua. Clark, George, e. August 9, 1861. Carlton, E. S., e. March 1, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Converse, H. M., e. August 9, 1861, disc. November 11, 1861. Chancy, William, e. August 9, 1861, disc. June 21 , 1865. Cartmell, Joseph B., e. August 9, 1861, disc. October 20, 1862. Columber, R., e. October 27, 1863, disc. February 10,1865. Wounded at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Diltz, L. G., e. August 1, 1861. Drew, Jerry, e. January 15, 1864. Dodson, W. R., e. August 9, 1861. Emaliup, Martin. Enoch, William, e. January 14, 1864. Died at Columbus, Ohio, July 26, 1865. Emry, S., e. January 15, 1864. Died of wounds received July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, Ga. Fritz, Jacob, e. August 21, 1863. Killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Fritz, George, e. February 22, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Freeman, C, 0., e. September 29, 1863, died April 30, 1865. FuUington, Jackson, e. August 6, 1862, disc. May 29, 1865. FuUington, E. B., e. September 14, 1861, disc. September I! a, 1864. Fox, D. R., e. August 9, 1861. Flago, Thomas B., e.| August 9, 1861. Taken prisoner at Atlanta. Galloway, S. P., e. August 9, 1861, disc. May 4,1865. Galloway, H. W., e. January 17, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Goodyear, W. J., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1864. Gibson, William, e. January 16, 1864. Died in hospital at Marietta, Ga., July, 1864. Gibsou, Stewart, e. August 9, 1861. Died at Hutsonville, W. Va., October 29, 1861. Gibsou, Henry, e. February 16, 1865, disc. July 20, 1865. Guy, Charles, e. March 17, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Green, Noah, e. December 14, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. George, Michael, e. February 9, 1865, disc. July 20, 1865. Gardner, Francis, e. August 9, 1861. Died at Beverly, Va., December 21, 1861. Gearheart, J. N., e. August 9, 1861, disc. March 16, 1864. Hathaway, Elias, e. August 6, 1862, disc. May 29, 1865. Wounded at Nlcojack Creek, Ga., July 10, 1864. Hathaway, Benjamin, e. May 13, 1864. Hunter, Samuel, e. February 15, 1865, disc. June 27, 1865. Hill, William, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20,1865. Hill, Harvey, e. August 9, 1861. Hill, Henry, e. November 15, 1864, disc July 20,1865. Hill, Samuel A., e. August 9, 1861, disc. March 16, 1864. Holycross, V., e. August 9, 1861, disc. October 21, 1861. Holycross, L. M., e. August 9, 1861, died at Camp Steven- son, Ala., August 2, 1864. Higby, George, e. February 7, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Hemmel, John, e. November 18, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Hemmel, Charles, e, November 21, 1864. Hewitt, H. M., e. August 9,1861. Hamilton, Isaac, e. Augus^9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Hale, William M., e. August 9, 1861, disc. March 22, 1863. Hoffman, Frederick, e. November 19, 1863, dis. July 'iO, 1865. Horr, E. C, e. August 9, 1861, died at Camp Beverly, W. Va., December 28, 1861. Jacques, Vernon, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Jacques, B., February 16, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Jimj^son, Benjamin, e. February 16, 1864, disc. July 20, 1805. Jenkins, Henry, e. August 6, 1862. Jacobs, George E., e. September 14, 1861. Keyes, George W., e. September 14, 1861, disc. September 1, 1864. Keyes, H. II., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, K65. Kimball, W. J., e. August 9, 1861. Lamay, John, e. October 1, 1864, disc. May 29, 1865. Lamay, George, e. October 21, 1863, disc. June 5, 1865. Lock, Benjamin, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Loveless, Simpson, e. February 5, 1864, disc. May 30, 1865. Lane. John M.. e. August 21, 1861, disc. October 19, 1864. Lawler, James W., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Mai-riott, W. H., e. August 9, 1861, disc. September 1, 1864. Meyers, Herman, e. March 1, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Mitchell, James, e. August 9, 1861, disc. September 1, 1864. Merriiield, Isaac W., e. August 9, 1861, wounded at Kene- saw Mountain, Ga., June 27.1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Mithell, William B., e. August 9, 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22,1864. McDowell, John P., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. McDowell, Robert N., e. August 9, 1861, died in prison at Winchester, Va., October 4, 1862. McDowell, Andrew, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. McGregor, Hugh, e. December 21, 1863, died in hospital at Washington, D. C, January 4, 1864. McMullan, C. A., e. August 6, 1862, disc. May 29, 1865. McMullan, E. C. e. November 1, 1862, taken prisoner at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864, sent to Andersonville Prison, disc. April 2, 1865. McCumber, Hiram, wounded at Atlanta, Ga. McCollums, v., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Mcintosh, L., e. August 9, 1861, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 29, 1862. Mcintosh, H. I., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Mcintosh, L. G., e.' August 9, 1861, disc. January 29, 1862, died at Baltimore, Md., of wounds received at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 14, 1862. Mclntire, H. J., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. McAdams, William H., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, died at home, 1880. Nelson, J. S., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Nelson, A., e. February 9, 1865, disc. July 20, 1865. Nowell, John, e. January 5, 1804, died August, 1864. Nowell, George B., e. January 10, 1865, disc. July 20, 1865., Orr, Thomas, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Peters, George F., e. August 9, 1861, taken prisoner July 22, 1864, and sent to Andersonville Prison, disc. Sep- tember 1, 1864. Plankes, Joseph, e. November 16, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Plummer, H., e. August 9, 1861. Philban, John, e. January 2. 1S64, disc. April 10, 1865. Reed, E. H., e. August 9, 1861, disc. August 1, 1865. Reed, Robert, e. August 6, 1862, died in hospital at At- lanta, Ga., October 11, 1864. Reed, Cyrus H., e. August 9, 1861, died at Clinton, Miss., of wounds received at Baker's Creek, Miss., February 8, 1864. Reed, Nathan, e. Augu^ 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Reed, Joseph, e. January 17, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Reed, John B., e. March 29, 1864, missing at Atlanta, Ga., 1864. Richey, Adam, e. March 24, 1804, disc. July 20, 1865. Richey, Leonard, e. September 14, 1861, disc. September 1, 1864, died August 26, 1868. Robinson, J. B., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Robinson, Calvin P., e. August 6, 1862, wounded at At- lanta, Ga., July 21, 1864, disc. May 29, 1865. Rolph, Alfred, e. December 24, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Roberts, George, e. August 9, 1861, drowned in Missis- sippi River, September 22, 1863. Russell, J. B., e. August 9, 1861, wounded at Harper's Ferry, Va., Septembr 14, 1862, disc. September, 1862. Ramier, M.,e. March 3, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Ramier, Henry, e. March 3, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Rose, Deville, e. August 9, 1861, wounded at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 14, 1862, and died at Baltimore, Md., September 29, 1862. Shuler, David, e. October 18, 1863, disc. July 20, 1865. Sparks, George M., e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, died 1877. Shipp, James E., e. August 21, 1863. Shank, B. L., e. August 9, 1861, disc. December 12, 1861. 474 UNION COUNTY Stark, Gideon, e. August 9, 1861, taken prisoner and sent to Andersonville Prison, disc. July 20, 1865. Shirk, Jonas S., e. March 5, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Shirk, John W., e. AugustSO, 1863, killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 22, 1864. Secrist, Samuel C, e. August 9, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865. Sayers, Philip, e. January 18, 1865, disc. July 20, 1865. Swisher, C. N., e. August 9, 1801. Sullivan, M., e. August 9, 1861, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., disc. January 27, 1865. Shepherd J. H., e. August 9, 1861, died at Clifton, Tenn., May 6, 1864. Snodgrass, J. M., e. August 6, 1862, disc. May 29, 1865. Tuller, John, e. March 20, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Towers, John, e. January 15, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Taylor, M. F., e. July, 1861, disc. November, 1861. Taylor, Charles E., e. September 14, 1861. Taylor. James E., e. September 14, 1861, disc. November 10, 1861. Thomas, M. F., e. August 9, 1861, died September 30, 1863. Valentine, Benjamin, e. February 15, 1865. Wadswcrth, A., e. March 20, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Witter, Alfred, e. August 9, 1861, disc, November 11, 1861. Webster, J. D., e. December 1, 1861, died at Annapolis, Md., October 6, 1862, of wounds received at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 14, 1802. Webb, James E., e. August 6, 1862, killed at Harper's Ferry, Va., September 14, 1862. Winchell, S. H., e. August 9, 1861. Webster, L. G., e. August 9, 1861, disc. April 4,1863. Wilson, A. D., e. August 9,186 1. Welsh, Matthias e. August 9, 1861, disc. January 23, 1865. Zetmo, Christian, e. November 26, 1863, disc. July 2, 1865. COMPANY c. Fisher, William M., e. August 9,1861, disc. September 13, 1861. COMPANY D. Anderson, James, killed at Kenesiw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Fogle, Israel, e. February 6, 1864. COMPANY E. Adjt. A. G. Philips, e. 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. COMPANY F. Second Lieut. B. F. Harris, e. May 22. 1804, disc. July 20, 1865. Sergt. W. J. Harbert, e. August 29, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Sergt. K. C. Marsh, e. February 27, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Sergt. S. H. Pyers, e. February 27, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Corp. B. F. Bowdre, e. March 29, 1864. Corp. Chester Farnum, e. March 29, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Coolidge, Francis. Davis. A., e. March 29, 1864, died at home March 20, 1865, of disease contracted in the army. Filler, Davidson, e. March 30, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Farnum, Henry, e. March 29, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Griffith, John, killed at Stone Eiver, December 31, 1862. Grow, Samuel, e June, 1861, disc. June, 1804. Hard, A. J., e. March 25, 1864. Lyons, George, e. March 29, 1864, disc 'July 20, 1865. McMillen, D., e. February 29, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Mcintosh, Charles, e. May 31, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Norvell, J. A. W., e. January 2, 1864, died in hosintal, Marietta, Ga., September 21, 1864. Pyers, 0., e. May 29, 1864. Ross, J. M., e. March 3, 1864, wounded at Atlanta, Ga. Roman, John, e. February 9, 1804, disc. July 20, 1865. Reed, John B., e. March 29, 1864, missing at Atlanta, Ga., 1864. COMPANY G. Sergeant W. T. Dollison, e. August 1, 1861. COMPANY H. Curtis, A. W., e. August '.n, 1862, disc. July 20, 1865. COMPANY K. Foreman, E., e. April, 1861, disc. November, 1865. Strieker, .\. B., e. August 15, 1861, wounded at Cheat Mountain, W. Va., disc. December 18, 1861. THIRTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1861, under Col. Joshua W. Sill ; it served in Ken- tucky and Tennessee under Gen. 0. M. Mitchell, until September, when it joined Geil. Buell's army in pursuit of Bragg, losing heavily at Perryville. On the organization of the Army of the Cum- berland, the Thirty-third was placed in Gen. Thomas' command and met the enemy at Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Taylor's Ridge. Joining Sherman's Atlanta campaign, it participated in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Rosaca, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, crossingof the Chattahoochie, Peach Tree Creek, and in the engagements around Atlanta and Jonesboro. It marched to the sea and through the Carolinas, fighting its last bat- tle at Bentonville, then on to Washington, from whence it proceeded to Louisville, Ky., and was mustered out of service July 12. 1865. COMPANY O. Acton, William, e. July, 1861, disc. July 20, 1865, taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., October, 1862. THIRTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in the latter part of the summer of 1861, under Col. Abra- ham S. Piatt. It served in West Virginia, taking part in the various engagements in the Kanawha Valley until 1864, when it joined Hunter in his raid up the Shenandoah Valley. It was at Winchester, under Crook, in July, and again in September, under Sheridan. The sur- vivors of the unfortunate affair at Beverly — where the regiment was captured January 11, 1865 — were consolidated with the Thirty-sixth Ohio. COMPANY D. Corp. John Weller, e. August 13, 1861, disc. September 10, 1864. Brannan, John C, e. August, 1861, killed in batttle on the Kanawha River, Va., May 18, 1862. COMPANY P. North, James A. COMPANY G. Highland, S. 6., e. February 26, 1864, disc. July 27, 1865. THIRTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Thirty-eighth Ohio was organized Sep- tember 1, 1861. It entered the field in Ken- tucky, took part in the campaign of Mill Springs, in the siege of Corinth, and in the engagement at Chaplin Hills, Stone River, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Kenesaw Mountain and Jonesboro. It marched to the sea, participated in the " campaign of the Carolinas," passed in review at Washington, and was mustered out July 12, 1865. COMPANY B. Garrett, J. M., e. September 1, 1861 ; disc. July 22, 1865. Haines, Samuel, e. September 1, 1861; disc. July 22, 1865. MILITARY RECORD. 475 THIRTY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1861, and reported at once to Gen. Fremont at St. Louis. It took part in the operations at New Madrid and Island No. 10, then joined the movement against Corinth. Having re- enlisted, it moved on the Atlanta campaign, during which it was engaged in the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Nicojack Creek, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy. It marched to the sea and through the Carolinas, and was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in July, 1865. COMPANY H. Corporal Benj. Daugherty, e. July 31, 1861; diBc. July 19,1865. COMPANY I. Captain J. W. Spring, e. July 4, 1861 ; disc.,1861. FORTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. The Fortieth Ohio was organized December 7, 1861, under Col. Jonathan Cranor, and on the 11th was ordered to Kentucky. In January, 1862, it took an active part in the battle of Middle Creek; then went into camp at Paintville. It operated in Kentucky and Virginia until February, 1863, when it moved to Nashville, Tenn., and was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Reserve Corps, then at Franklin. While at this place, the Fortieth repulsed an attack made by Van Dorn with a large mounted force. On the 2d of June, it moved to Triune, and on the 23d joined Rosecrans' army in the movement upon Shelbyville, War- trace and Tullahoma. It remained at War- trace and Tullahoma until September 7, when it moved forward in the advance on Chatta- nooga, and took an active part in the battle of Chickamauga, sustaining a severe loss. Soon after this engagement, the regiment went into camp at Shellmound, where four of its compa- nies re-enlisted. In the battle of Lookout Mountain, November 24, the Fortieth took a prominent part. In January, 1864, it went into camp near Cleveland, and in May entered upon the Atlanta campaign, participating in nearly all the battles through to the end. At Pine Knob, Georgia, on the 7th of Octo- ber, Companies A, B, C and D were mustered out, and the remainder of the regiment moved with the Fourth Coi'ps, sharing in the pursuit of Hood, and in the retreat before Hood from Pulaski. In December, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn., the non-veterans were mustered out, and the veterans consolidated with the Fifty- first Ohio Infantry. The combined regiment was then transferred with the Fourth Corps to Texas, where it performed guard duty until mustered out December 3, 1865. About forty men from Union County were members of Company D of this regiment, of whom four were killed, six died in the hospital, two were drowned, and three were wounded. Surgeon John N. Beach, in a paper read at a regimental re-union held at Greenville, Ohio, September 20, 1882, makes special mention of the coolness and bravery of the soldiers of the Fortieth Ohio on all occasions, and among oth- ers gives the following illustration : " George Sager (son of Michael Sager, of Unionville, Ohio), of Company D, a rosy- cheeked, almost beardless boy, who had been carefully and tenderly raised, came to me on Sunday afternoon of the battle of Chickamau- ga, bringing with him a comrade who had a ghastly wound in the face, which to George seemed necessarily fatal. On my assuring him that his comrade, Hiram Douglass, was not fatally wounded, he looked around a few min- utes at the great numbers of wounded then collected in the ravine, where we had estab- lished a depot for wounded, and finally asked . me if he could not be of service to me there. I told him that he could, but I thought he was more needed in the front. Without a word, he took up his gun and went back into the thickest of the fight, escaping that day only to meet his death at Kenesaw the following June. There were circumstances attending his death that so plainly spoke of the highest qualities of the soldier, that I think them worth re- cording. He was shot on the night of the 20th of June, 1864, the bullet passing entirely through the chest, and, lodging in his Bible carried in his knapsack, stopping just as it had perforated a letter that day received from his sister. When brought to me, he had a clear idea of the nature of the wound, and wished to know how long he could live. Giv- ing him all the encouragement possible, I left him for the night in the care of friends, and went to other duties. The next evening, the end was so plainly approaching, that I told him the facts, asking what word I should write home. "Without the slightest manifestation of alarm, or regret, or fear, he gave me instructions, de- siring me to say to his parents that he did not regret coming into the service, that he came to take his chances with other soldiers, that he was willing to die, that his life was of no more value than that of hundreds of others who had been killed in the last few weeks, and asked me to send the Bible, with the fatal bullet un- disturbed, to his sister. " And thus he died, without regret, as I have seen many other soldiers die, whose future, if they had lived, seemed full of promise." COMPANY A. Sergeant George W. Plimell, e. September 10, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864; wd. at Lookout Mountain, Tenn. November 24, 1863. Bidwell, M., e. September 6, 1861 ; disc. 1863. COMPANY D. Com. Sergeant A. Z. Converse, e. August 30, 1862 ; disc. December 11, 1864. Sergeant D. H. Thomas, e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Sergeant Joseph F. Woods, e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Corporal G. P. Robinson, e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. Octo- ber 9, 1864. Cooney, William T., e. September 23, 1861. Conklin, David, e. September 23, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. 476 UNION COUNTY Conklin, E. B., e. September 23, 1801 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Conklin, James E., e. September 23, 1861 ; disc. October 9. 1804 ; died at home, 1866. Conklin, George W., e. September 23, 1861; killed at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Conklin, Miller James, e. September 10, 1861; disc. October V, 1864; died at home, 1879. Clark, John R., died at Bridgeport, Ala., August, 1864. Dasher. Frederick, e. August 30, 18G1 ; disc. October 9, 1864.' Hager, Levi, e. September 1, 1862; disc. October 9, 1864. Hageridaffer, J. F., e. September 30, 1861 ; died at Cleve- land, Tenn. Hickman, John, e. August 30, 1861; disc. November 11, 1864. Hager, L. E., e. August 30, 1861. Hawn, Philip, e. September 8, 1861. Irwin, William L., e. October 14, 1861 ; disc. July 9, 1863. McConnell, Samuel, e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. McDowell, J. v., e. September 17, 1861 ; drowned in Big Sandy River at Piketon, Ky., February, 1862. Mercer, Alfred, e. September 18, 1861; killed at Adairs- ville, Ga., June 29, 1863. Myers, Henry, e. September 1, 1861; disc. June 21, 1865. Piper, William L., e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Robey, M. S., e. August 24. 18C2; disc. June 18, 1865. Robinson, S. B., e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Robinson, S. W., e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864. Robinson. D. N., e. August 13, 1862: disc. June 18, 1865. Sager, F. M., e. August 30, 1861; died at home March, 1863. Sager, George M., e. August 30. 1801 ; killed at Kenesaw Mountain. Ga., June 27, 1864. Snodgrass, Delmore, e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864; wd. at Chickamauga. Snodgrass, Robert, killed at Resaca, Ga., May 13, 1864 . Sayers, John W., e. Septguber, 1861 ; drowned in Ohio River, February '^4, 1SC3. Wolford, H. S., e. August 30, 1861 ; disc. October 9, 1864 ; wd. at Dalton, Ga. Walker, James, e. September 18, 1861 ; disc. April 16, 1862. Piper, L., Musician; e. 1862. FORTY-FIKST OHIO INFANTRY. The Forty-first Ohio was organized in the fall of 1861, under Col. William B. Hazen, and reported to Gen. Buell at Louisville, Ky. It took part in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, the siege of Corinth, and in the engagements at Murfreesboro, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. In .January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted, and, after the veteran furlough, joined Sher- man's Atlanta campaign, and participated in the battles at Dallas, near Kenesaw, at the Chattahoochie River and Peach Tree Creek, and before Atlanta. It served under Thomas, at Nashville, then followed in pursuit of Hood. The Forty-first was mustered out at Colum- bus, Ohio, on the 26th of November, 1865, COMPANY F. Boudre, G. W., e. October 7, 1864, disc. October 16, 1865. Conley, Martin, e. October 4, 1864, disc. May 30, 1865, wounded. COMPANY G. Taylor, D. W., e. September 30, 1864, disc. Jube 13, 1865. FORTY-SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. The organization of the Forty-second Ohio was completed in November, 1861, under Col. James A. Garfield. It entered the field in Kentucky and participated in the engagement at Prestonburg. In May, it moved toward Cumberland Gap ; in October, proceeded to Memphis, and in December took part in Sher- man's unsuccessful attack on the bluffs at Vicksburg ; then led the advance on Arkansas Post. The Forty-second fought gallantly in the various engagements incident to the campaign and resulting in the surrender of Vicksburg, then marched to Jackson and assisted in the reduction of that place, after which it returned to Vicksburg, where it remained until ordered to New Orleans. The regiment was mustered out by companies, during the winter of 1864, except about 100 men, who were assigned to the Ninety-sixth Ohio. It participated in eleven battles, in which it lost one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen officers and 325 men wounded. Asst. Surgeon H. McFadden, e. October 7, 1861, disc. De- cember 24, 1864. COMPANY D. Fogle, George, e. September 27, 1861, disc. September 30. 1864. COMPANY K. Atkinson, William, e. September 27, 1861, disc. October 25, 1862. Baldwin, A., e. September 27, 1861, killed at Vicksburg, Miss.. May 25,1863. Drake, William H.. e. September 27, 1861, died at home. December 17,1863. Mannon, Henry, e. September 27, 1801, died at Ashland, Ky., March 22, 1862. Southard, L. A., e. September 27, 1801, died at Cumber- land Gap, Tenn., September 5, 1862. Southard, Joseph, e. October 22, 1861, died at home, March 3, 1864. Southard, J. E., e. September 27, 1861, disc. December 2, 1865, taken prisoner at Cumberland Gap., Tenn., Seiv teniber, 1863. Southard, R. W., e. September, 27, 1861, disc. December 2, 1864, wounded at Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 1863. Southard, Milton, e. September 27, 1861, disc. November 4, 1862. Smith, B. W., e. September 27, 1861, disc. March 4, 1864. Winner, William H., e. September 27, 1861, died at home June 1, 1864. FORTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized February 7 , 1862, under Col. J. L. Kirby Smith ; it served in Missouri, taking part in the engagements at New Madrid, Island No. 10, Tiptonville, Tenn., and in the operations against Corinth. It was with Grant at Oxford and followed Sher- man to the sea and through the Carolinas. At the close of the war, the Forty-third took part in the grand review at Washington, after which it was mustered out of service at Louis- ville, July 13, 1865. COMPANY A. Banks, Samuel J., e. October 22, 1861, disc. July 10, 1865. Sullivan, Thomas. Thomas, William, e. March 11,1864, disc. July 13,1865. COMPANY F. Collum, B., e. August 21, 1861, disc. 1863. Wounded at Corinth, Miss. COMPANY I. Noggle, Andrew, e. Auaust 17, 1861, disc. July 13, 1865. Noggle, Hiram, e. January 25, 1864, disc. May 19, 1865. Wounded at Atlanta, Ga., 1864. Noggle, Isaac, e. August 1.5, 1861, disc. 1864. Noggle, W. D., e. August 21, 1861, disc. July 13, 1865. MILITARY RECORD. 47T FORTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Forty-fourth Ohio was organized in the autumn of 1861 ; it operated in West Virginia and Kentucky until the fall of 1863 when it followed Gen. Burnsides in his advance into Tennessee. In January, 1864, the regiment re-enlisted on the condition that it be armed and mounted as cavalry. When it re-assembled after a furlough home, it was known as the Eighth Ohio Cavalry. COMPANY F. Applefellow, C, e. October 2, 1861, disc. October 4, 1864. Botkln, T., e. October 2, 18(31, disc. July, 186.5. Botkin, J. B., e. September, 1861, disc. August, 1865. Ferguson, Nathan, e. July, 1861, disc. August, 1865. Hunt, Alexander, e. August, 1861, disc. August, 1865. Powers, J. W., e. June 1862, disc. August, 1865. FORTY -FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1862. It operated in Kentucky with Gen. Saunders' mounted division, and was actively engaged in the battle of Knoxville. After Longstreet retired toward Virginia, the Forty-fifth was sent to Cumberland Gap, and, later, partici- pated in the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Dallas, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Franklin and Nashville, then served in Tennessee until mustered out, .June 15, 1865. COMPANY C. Godfrey, Amos. e. July 14, 1862, died at Andersonville, Ga., April 23, 1864. taken prisoner October 20, 1862. Miller, John P., e. Februaiy 10, 1864, died. Reeder, John V., e. August 8, 1862, taken prisoner No- vember 15, 1863. Speck, William, e. August 5, 1862, died at Annapolis, Md., March 19, 1865, taken prisoner November 15,1863. Stout, George, e. August 5, 1862, died at Danville, Ky., Februry 18, 1863. Skidmore, Joseph, e. December 29, 1863. Stout, William, e. August 5, 1862. Tallman, A. T., e. September, 1861, disc. October 3, 1864. Tallman, A., e. July 26, 1862, disc. October 3, 1804. Wilson, Isaac, e. August 9, 1862, died in prison at Rich- mond, Va., December, 1863. COMPANY D. Evans, Henry E., e. August 10, 1861, disc. January 10, 1863, wounded at Cynthiana, Ky., July 17, 1862. COMPANY G. Newhouse, J. W., e. August 9, 1862, disc. February 20, 1863. Richey, A. K., e. September9,1861,disc.February 9, 1863. Scott, John v., August 12, 1861. COMPANY H. Aman, Charles, e. August 9, 1862, disc. June 20, 1865. Corey, S. H., e. February 2, 1864. COiHPANY I. Sergt. E. Callahan, e. August 5, 1862, disc. January 23, 1865. Allen P., e. January 4, 1864, disc. November 14, 1865. Callahan, P. A., e. December 9, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. Hatch, J. T., e. July 2, 1862, disc. 1865, wounded at Kene- saw Mountain, June 27, 1864. COMPANY K. Courter, David J., e. August 7, 1862, disc. August 17, 1865, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps. FORTY-SIXTH OHIO REGIMENT. reported lo Gen. Sherman in Kentucky in February, 1862, and the following mouth found it on the bloody field of Shiloh, where it lost 280 killed and wounded and fifteen captured. In April, the regiment moved with the army upon Corinth. The sumnier of 1862 was spent at Memphis, and in November the Forty-sixth started on a campaign through Mississippi, under Gen. Grant. In June, 1863, it participated in the siege of Vicksburg, and after the surrender, moved upon Jackson. In October, the regiment, under Sherman, em- barked for Memphis and Chattanooga. It took part in the assault upon Mission Ridge, sus- taining a heavy loss; then marched to the relief of Knoxville. At Resaca, New Hope Church, Kenesaw and the various battles and skirmishes of the Atlanta campaign, the Forty- sixth was ever at the front. At Ezra Church, the regiment especially distinguished itself in repelling the attacking rebels and capturing the colors of the Thirtieth Louisiana. After the fall of Atlanta, the regiment pursued Hood through Northern Alabama and Tennessee. In November it moved with Sherman to the sea, participating in a sharp encounter at Gris- woldsville and in the skirmishing around Savannah. From Savannah it moved to Ben- tonvilLe, where it was complimented for gal- lant conduct in the battle at that place. The Forty-sixth moved through the Caro- linas, on to Washington, and after the grand review proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out on the 22d of July, 1865. COMPANY B. Drum Maj. C. M. Graham, e. November 22, 1861, disc. August, 1865. Sergt. A. R. Andros. Sergt. George Webb, e. October 2, 1861, disc. July 22, 1865. Corp. William G. Andrew, e. November 11, 1861, disc. July 22, 1865. Corp. William Obedier, e. October 2, 1861, disc. July 22, 1865. Musician George Hanawalt, e. October 16, 1861, died at Memphis, June, 1861. Hanawalt, Samuel, e. October 16, 1861. Harriot, William B., e. September 9, 18G1, disc. July 22, 1865. COMPANY E. Corp. Charles S. Comstock, e. September 27, 1861. COMPANY F. Bennett, William, e. October 1, 1861, disc. July 22, 1865. taken prisoner at Shiioh, Tenn., 1862, wounded at Bentonville, N. C, March 4, 1865. COMPANY a. Second Lieut. Hiram Wilson, e. 1861, killed at Pittsburg Landing April 6, 1862. Sergt. Alden Smith, e. November 19, 1861, disc. July 22, 1805. Keens, John. Millington, L. D., e. November 19, 1861, killed April 6 1862, at Shiloh, Tenn. Page, John. Millington, S. N., e. December 31, 1861, killed April G, 1862, at Shiloh, Tenn. Millington, Otis, e. December 13, 1861, disc. July 5, 1805. Smith, Joseph R., e. December 13, 1861. Smith, James, disc. June 5, 1865. COMPANY H. Gowan, James E., e. October 16, 1861, killed November 25, ic loei 1 /-I 1 mi fir .1 • , T 1863, at Mission Ridge, Tenn. lb, 1861, under Col. Thomas Worthington. It | Graham, Robert. The Forty-sixth Ohio was organized October 478 UNION COUNTY COMPANY I. Eiikin, Thomas, e. October 16, 1861, taken prisoner at Florence, Ala., May 27, 1863. Pence, David M., e. October 14, 1861. COMPANY K. Hudson, William, e. November, 1861, died June, 1862, at Memphis, Tenn. Ketner, Rufus, e. November, 1861, killed at Lookout Mountain, November 24, 1803. FORTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The organization of the Forty-seventh Ohio, under Col. Frederick Poschner, was completed August 13, 1861. It at once reported to Gen. Rosecrans, in West Virginia, and was engaged in the various operations in the Kanawha Val- ley, and elsewhere in Virginia, until Decem- ber, when it joined the expedition against Vicksburg. It participated in the capture of Jackson, in the battles of Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, and in the relief of Knoxville. Having joined the Atlanta campaign, it fought at Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, New Hope Church, Big Shanty, Kene- saw, and Ezra Church. From Atlanta it moved with Sherman to the sea, thence north through the Carolinas to Washington; and after the close of the war went to Arkansas, where it was mustered out on the 11th of August, 1865. COMPANY C. Reynolds, v., e. June, 1861, disc. August, 1861. COMPANY E. Whitaker, A. H., e. 1864, disc. August, 1865, wounded at Fort McAllister, Ga., December 13, 1864. Woodburn, D. FORTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized February 17, 1862, under Col. Peter J. Sullivan. It joined Sherman at Paducah, participated in the bat- tle at Pittsburg Landing, the attack upon Cor- inth, the assault at Chickasaw Bluffs, and the expedition up the Arkansas River. It was with Grant at Vicksburg, and took part in the vari- ous engagements incident to that campaign. The Forty-eighth was captured at Sabine Cross Roads, and exchanged in October, 1864, Re-enlisting after its exchange, it shared in the capture of Mobile, and, after the surrender of the rebel army, operated in Texas until May, 1866, when it was mustered out of the service. COMPANY A. Sergeant William Willis, e. September 9, 1861, wounded at Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1862, disc. 1863. COMPANY B. De Good, A. B., e. December 3, 1863, disc. 1865. Fuller, Israel, e. October 18, 1861. Fry, S. G. Jones, A. B., e. December 3, 1863, disc. 18C5. Turney, William H., e. 1864, disc. 1865. COMPANY K. Helms, William L., e. February, 1862, died. FIFTY-SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1862, under Col. Daniel McCook. It immediately entered upon active service in Kentucky, took part in the battles of Perryville and Chicka- mauga; was with Sherman at Mission Ridge, and, in the Atlanta campaign, met the enemy at Dalton, Resaca, Peach Tree Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, Jonesboro and Atlanta. Col. Mc- Cook was killed at Kenesaw June 27, 1864. From Atlanta, the Fifty-second moved with Sherman's army to the sea, then through Georgia and the Carolinas to Washington, where it was mustered out, June 3, 1865. COMPANY n. Capt.J. A. Culbertson, e. March,1862,disc. January, 1863. FIFTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in January, 1862, under Col. J. J. Appier, who, having re- signed, was succeeded by Col. W. S. Jones. It soon took the field under Gen. Sherman, par- ticipated in the battles of Shiloh and siege of Corinth. In .June, 1863, it joined Grant's army in the investment of Vicksburg, pursued Johnson to Jackson, moved to Chattanooga, and assisted in the attack on Mission Ridge. On the ex- piration of its veteran furlough, the regiment joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, shared in the capture of Fort McAllister, marched through the Carolinas to Washington, and at the close of the war went to Arkansas, where it was mustered out in August, 1865. COMPANY A. Fry, Isaac, e. February 11, 1864, disc. August 11, 1865. COMPANY I. Skidmore, George, e. September, 1861, disc. Febraary, 1865. FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized during the fall and winter of 1861, under Col. Thomas Kirby Smith. It entered the field February 16, 1862, and was assigned to a brigade in the division commanded by Gen. Sherman. It took an active part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing on the 6th and 7th of April, losing 198 men; and on the 29th joined the movement upon Corinth, participating in a sharp encounter with the enemy at Russell House on the 18th of May. On the 28th, it was engaged upon the works at Corinth, and after the evacuation performed provost duty at that place. After having moved with the army to La Grange, Tenn., and Holly Springs, Miss., then back to Corinth, the regiment marched to Memphis in July, 1862. While here, it was engaged in several minor expeditious, and in November moved toward .Jackson, then returning to Memphis, joined Sherman's first movement upon Vicksburg. In the engagement at Chick- asaw Bayou, on the 28th and 29th of Decem- ber, the regiment lost twenty men killed and wounded. In January, 1863, it took part in the assault and capture of Arkansas Post. From this place, tho Fifty-fourth proceeded to Young's Point, La., and for a lime was em- ,/K. C) <^<>^^>v-^.^*— MILITARY RECORD. 481 ployed in digging a canal ; then marched to the rescue of a flt^et of gun-boats which was about to be destroyed. In May, it moved with Oram's army to the rear of Vicksburg, was engaged in the battles of Champion Hills and Big Black Bridge, and on the 19th and 22d of May took an active part in the assault upon the enemy's works, losing in the two days for- ty-seven men killed and wounded. After the surrender, it moved with the army against .Tackson, then returned to Vicksburg. In October, the regiment proceeded to Mem- phis and thence to Cdattannoga, taking part in the assault upon Missi 'n Ridge Novembt-r 26. The following day it marched to the re- lief of Kngxville and after pursuing the pne- my through Tennessee into North CaroliuH, returned to Ch tttanooga, and from there pro- ceeded to Larkinsville, Ala. On the 22 1 of January, 1864, the Fifiy-fourth re-enlisted, and, after the furlough to Ohio, returned to the army with 200 recruits. In May, it joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, and participated in the engagements at Resaca, Dallas and New Hope Church. In the assault upon Kenesaw Mountain. .June 27, the regiment lost twenty- eight killed and wounded. At Nicojack Creek, July S, thirteen were killed and wounded; in the battles on the east side of Atlanta, July 21 and 22, ninety- tour were killed, wounded and missing; and at Ezra Chapel, on the 28th, eight more were added to the list of killed and wounded. From this time until the 27th of August, the fifty-fourth was continually engaged in the works before Atlanta. It took a prominent pirt in the engagement at Jouesboro, pursued Hood northward, reiurned and marched to the sea, taking part in the capture of Fort McAl- lister on the 15th of December. It moved through the Caroliuas, participating in many skirmishes, and in the last battle of the war at Bentonville, N. C, March 21, 1865. The regiment moved to llichmond, Va., and from there to Washington City. After passing in review, it moved to Louis- ville, Ky., thence to Little Rock, Ark., and there performed garrison duty until mustered out August 15, 1865. " During its term of service, the Fifiy-fourth Ohio marched 3,682 miles, participated in four sieges, nine skirmishes, and fifteen battles, and lost 506 men killed, wounded and missing." Company K, of the Fifty-fourth Infantry, was partly recruited in Union County, during the fall of 1861, by A. J. Ferguson, who was commissioned Second Lieutenant. Lieut. Fer- guson was afterward promoted to Captain, and commanded the company during the greater part of its service, and until mustered out at the close of the war. Of the fifty-four men from Union County who served in this regiment, eleven died on • the iield and in the hospitals, and six were wounded. COMPANY F. Brown, Solomon, e. November 30, 1861 ; disc. August 17, 1863. Lavine, T. H., e. August 21, 1861 ; diac. 1865 ; wd. at Pittsburg Landing, Tena. COMPANT I. Drury, John, o. January 3, 1862; disc. August 13, 1865. COMPANY K. Captain A. J. Ferguson, e. November 21, 1861 ; disc. August 1.5, 1865. Sergeant A. R. Andrews, e. November 23, 1861 ; disc. August 15, 1865. Sergeant G. W. Allen, e. September, 1861 ; disc. August 15, 1865. Sergeant David Cook, e. November, 1861 ; disc. August 15, 1865; died at home. Sergeant V. E. 3Iartin, e. November 18, 1861, disc. December 21, 1864; wd. Sergeant Marion Stevens e. November, 1861 ; disc. Au- gust 15, 1865. Sergeant John Starr, e. December 10, 1861 ; killed July 3, 1861, at Mckojack Creek, 6a. Sergeant John Thompson, e. December 11, 18GI; diac. December 21, 1864. Sergeant J. S. Thompson, e. November 19, 1861 ; disc. July 19, 1864. Corpnral Amos Brown, e. November 30, 1861 ; disc. December 24, 1862. Corporal B. H. Weiser, e. October 14, 1861 ; disc. October 2, 1865. Baanon, Martin, e. July 15, 1802 ; disc. September 11, 1862. Beaver, George, e. December 11 , 1861 ; disc. December 21, 1864. Brown, S. R.,e. November 30, 1861 ; died December 28, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss. Chapman, S. G.. e. November 16, 1861 ; disc. December, 1862. Courtright, J. R., e. November 23, 1861. Clark, .James, e. November 26, 1861 ; died at home. Couklin, J. M., e. December 11, 1861 ; died at home. Conklin, David, e. November 19, 1861; died July 5, 1862, at home. Case, Alfred, e. December 11, 1861 ; disc. August 15, 1865. Douse, Alfred, e. December 9, 1861. Goldsberry, M., e. November 19, 1861 ; disc. May 11, 1864 ; wd. at Dallas, Ga. Goldsberry, W., e. November, 1861; disc. August 15, 1865. Goldsberry, Perry, e. November 23, 1861 ; died December 25, 1863, in hospital at Camp Sherman, Miss. Golf, Robert N., e. 1861 ; disc. August 15, IStio. Gibson, v., e. November 18, 1861; disc. December 21, 1864. Holycross, Geortte, e. March 7, 1864; died August 13, 1864, of wounds received at Atlanta, Ga. Heisland, Daniel, e. November 30, 18G1 ; disc. December 26, 1864 ; wd. at Atlanta, Ga. Huff, L., e. December 10, 1861 ; disc. September 22, 1862 ; wd. at Pittsburg Landing. Hager, Simeon, e. January 25, 1862; disc. August 8, 1862. Henrygust, Peter, e. November 30, 1861 ; disc. Decem- ber 26, 1862. Hobert, Lorenzo, e. February 8, 1862; disc. June 19, 1SG2. Kent, David, e. November 23, 1861; died July 6, 1864, at Nickojack tDreek, Ga. Kelly, Francis, e. November 9, 1861. Lape, F., e. November 11, 1861 ; disc. July 21, 1862. Lape, Jeremiah, e. November 12, 1861 ; disc. July 21, 1862. Leifer, Reuben, e. November 23, 1861 ; disc. December 21, 1862. Martin, Charles, e. November 9, 1861 ; disc. September 29, 1862. Moore, Albert, e. January 23, 1862. Munshall, J. b., e. November 9, 1861 ; disc. December 28, 1802. McClung, W., e. November 11, 1861, disc. August 20, 1862. Norris, George K., e. February 26, 1864 ; disc. August 15, 1865 ; wounded. Norris, J. P., e. February 26, 1864; disc. August 15, 1865. Nessle, George, e. November, 1861 ; disc. August 15, 1865. Orr, Albert, e. November 30, 1861. Osburn, Samuel, e. December 10, 1861. Poland, George, e. February 3, 1862 ; died February 27, 1862, at Camp Dennison, Ohio. 482 UNION COUNTY Rice, Z. M., e. November 15, 1861 ; disc. September 22, 1862. Wade, Thomas, e. November 15,1861; disc. August, 1865. Wright, Allen, November 18, 1861; died July 3, 1862; at Moscow, Tenn. Worthington, S., e. November 26. 1861 ; disc. December 22, 1862. FIFTY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Fifty-fifth Ohio was organized October 17, 1861, under Col. John E Lee; it operated in Virginia, participating in the battles of Mc- Dowell and the second Bull Run. In April, 1863, it moved with the Army of the Potomac upon Fredericksburg, by way of the Wilder- ness and Chancellor.-ville. In July, it fought at Gettysburg, in September was transferred to the Western Army, and was present at the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, then joined the march to Knoxville. It followed Sherman in the Atlanta campaign, in the march to the sea, and through the Caroli- nas on to Washington. During its term of service, the Fifty-fifth enrolled 1,850 men. of whom 750 were either killed or wounded in 'battle or died. It was mustered out of the service on the llth of July, 1865. COMPANY K. Corporal H. M. Vaughn, e. November 27, 1861 ; wd. at second Bull Run, Va., August 30, 1862. FIFTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Fifty-sixth Ohio was organized in De- cember, 1861, under Col. Peter Kenny. It entered upon active service in February, 1862, and participated in the engagements at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, and in the siege of Cor- inth. Jn April, it joined Grant's Vicksburg cam- paign, and was actively engaged at Port Gib- son and Champion Hills, capturing two guns and 125 prisoners at the former place, and losing in the two engagements 175 in killed, wounded and missing. After the fall of Vicksburg, the regiment moved against Johns'on at Jackson, thence to Natchez, where orders were received to pro- ceed farther south and join Gen. Banks' Red River expedition. The Forty-sixth lost heavily in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads : and when en route on veteran furlough its boat was disabled by rebel batteries and a number of officers and men captured. In November, 1864, tlie non-veter- ans were mustered out and the veterans served on guard duty at New Orleans until mustered out in March, 1866. West, Robert e. December, 1861, disc. November, 1861. FIFTY-EIGHIH OHIO INFANTRY. The Fifty-eighth (hio was organized and entered 'he field in February, 1862, underCol. Val. Bausenwein. It saw its first battle at Fort Donelson, and its next at Pittsburg Land- ing. It took part in the siege of Corinth, then moved to Memphis, where it was ordered to Ar- kansas. In January, 1863, it shared in the capture of Arkansas Post, and in April, joined Grant's Vicksburg campaign. It participated in the engagements of Deer Creek and of Grand Gulf. After serving at Vicksburg until De- cember, 1864, the Fifty-eighth proceeded to Columbus, Ohio, and was mustered out on the 14th of January, 1865. COMPANY B. Corp. John Reichling, e. October, 1861, disc. January 14, 1865, died May 7, 1883. Richey, J. G., e. October, 1861, disc. January 14, 1865. Smith, David, e. October, 1861, disc. January 14, 1865. COMPANY c. Drum Maj. D. M. Woodburn, e. January 16, 1862. disc. January 14, 1865. SIXTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment organized for the term of one year, under Col. William Trimble. It went to the field in April, 1862, reporting to Gen.- Fre- mont, in West Virginia. It operated against Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley, fighting near Strasburg, at Port Republic and at Harper's Ferry, where it was overcome and captured by the enemy. The men were soon paroled and mustered out, many of them enlisting in other regiments. In the spring of 1864, the Sixtieth Ohio was re-organized for the three years' service, under Col. J. N. McElroy. It joined the Army of the Potomac and took part in the battles of the Wil- derness, in the siege of Petersburg and the actions about Richmond. The regiment was mustered out of service on the 25th of July, 1865. COMPANY A. Bell, William, e. July, 1864, disc. July 25, 1865. Lape, George, e. February 29, 1864, disc. July 25, 1865. COMPANY F. Beck, A. B., e. December 15, 1863, disc. July 25, 1865. COMPANY I. Aller, Ezekiel, e. January, 1865, disc. July 25, 1865. SIXTY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The Sixty-first Ohio was organized at Camp Chase, in April, 1861, under Col. Newton Schleich. It entered the field in June and operated under Gen. Pope in Virginia, en- countering the enemy at Freeman's Ford, Sul- phur Springs and Waterloo Bridge, and in the battle ot Bull Run, where it lost twenty-five men killed and wounded. The regiment took an active part in the en- gagement at Cl'ancellorsville and Gettysburg, losing heavily in killed, wounded and prison- ers. In September, the Sixty-first was trans- ferred with the Twelfth Corps to the Army of the Cumberland, reaching Bridgeport, Ala., on the 1st of October. On the 27th, it started for ■ Chattanooga, and on the 28th was engaged in a fierce fight at Wauhatchie Valley, driving the defeated rebels across Lookout Creek. In MILITARY EECORD. 48^ November, the regiment shared in the assault on Mission Kidge, then moved to the relief of Knoxville. In May, 1864, the regiment having re- turned from veteran furlough, joined the National forces at Rocky Face Ridge. This was the commencement of the Atlanta cam- paign. In this campaign the Sixty-tirst was brigaded with the Third Brigade, First Divis- ion of the Twentieth Corps, under Maj. Gen. Hooker, and participated in the battles of Rtsaca, Cassville, Dallas, Kingston, Lost Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, crossing of the Chattahoochie and Peach Tree Creek. It moved with Sherman's army to the sea, then marched through the swamps of South Carolina, and after the battle of Bentonville moved to Golds- boro, N. C, where it was consolidated with the Eighty-second Ohio. I'his act blotted from the rolls of the army the name of the Sixty-first Ohio, but its detds remain on record. It was always a reliable regiment, and was ever found where duty called it. Its losses by the casual- ties of the field were so numerous that at the close of its service a little band of about sixty officers and men remained to answer to its last roll-call. The consolidated regiment, now the Eighty-second, marched to Washington, took part in the grand review, then moved to Colum- bus, Ohio, and was mustered out September 1, 1865. COMPANY B. Corp. Theodore Mullen, e. March 26, 1862, disc. December, 1864, wounded and taken prisoner at Dallas, Ga., May 24, 1864. McCay, James, e. April, 1862, killed at Kenesaw Mount- ain, Ga., June 27, 1864. COMPANY c. Baker, William S., e. February 24, 1862, disc. September 1, 1865, taken prisoner at Goldsboro, N. C, 1865. COMPANY D. Doty, Stephen, e. April, 1861, disc. September 1, 1865, wounded. SIXTY-SECOND OHIO IKFANTEY. This regiment was organized in November, 1861, under Col. F. B. Pond. Itserved under Gen. Shields, in Virginia, taking part in the battle of Winchester. In August, 1862, it moved with McClellan in the Peninsula cam- paign ; then proceeded through North Carolina to Port Royal, S. C. It was engaged in the assault upon Fort Wagner and in the siege of Charleston. During the year of 1864, the regiment was almost constantly occupied in the contest that raged about Richmond. In the spring of 1865, it participated in the as- saults on Petersburg, Fort Gregg and Appo- mattox. In September, 1865, the Sixty-second was consolidated with the Sixty-seventh, the combined regiment taking the name of the lat- ter-named organization. COMPANY A. Howard, Nathan, e. July 8, 1863, disc. December 12, 1865. SIXTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. By the consolidation of two battalions, known as the Twenty-second and Sixty-third, this regiment was organized in February, 1862, under Col. John W. Sprague. It immediately joined the Army of the Mississippi under Gen. Pope, and was engaged in all the movements which resulted in the capture of Island No. 10, and in the siege of Corinth. It took part in the battles of luka and Corinth under Rose- crans. After operating in Alabama and Ten- nessee until October, 1863, the Sixty-third joined the army of the Cumberland, and par- ticipated in the battles of the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea and through theCarolinas. It took part in the review at Washington, then moved to Louisville, where it was mustered out July 8, 1865. COMPANY B. Corp. T. Davie, e. .January 6, 1862, disc. July 8. I860 COMPANY E. Sergt. Eli Casey, e. December 12, 1861, killed at Corinth, MisB., October 4,1862. COMPANY G. Sivill, T. v., e. October 14, 1861, disc. 1865. COMPANY I. Meneal, Elijah. COMPANY K. Organ, M. G., e. November, 1861, disc. December, 1863. Organ, S. S., e. October 25, 1861, disc. July 8, 1865. Kiley, John. Skates, Peter S., e. December 23, 1863. SIXTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Sixty-fourth Ohio was organized Novem- ber 9, 1861. It joined the National forces in Kentucky, then moved to Nashville. It was present at the battle of Shiloh and the siege of Corinth ; it fought at Stone River and at Chick- amauga ; it participated in the assault upon Mission Ridge and moved to the relief of Knox- ville. It joined the Atlanta campaign, and af- ter the^fall of that city followed in pursuit f Hood. At the close of the war, the Sixty- fourth was ordered to Texas, where it remained until mustered out, December 3, 1865. COMPANY B. Harris, R. L., e. March 11, 1864, disc. October 9, 1865. COMPANY H. Ruhl, Daniel, e. October, 1861, disc. 1864, wounded at Murfreesboro, Tenn., 1862. SIXTY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was mustered in December 1, 1861, under Col. Charles G. Harker, and im- mediately reported to Gen. Wood, in Kentucky. It participated in the battle of Shiloh ; took part in the siege of Corinth, in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge ; was engaged in the various battles and skir- mishes of the Atlanta campaign ; pursued Hood across the Tennessee, and, after the close of the war, performed garrison duty in Texas 484 UNION COUNTY until December, when it was ordered to Co- lumbus, Ohio, and di^^charged January 2, 1886: COMPANY D. Second Lieut. D. H. Kowland, e. October 3, 1862, disc. December, 1865. COMPANY T. Musician W. M. Pierce, e. November 20, 1861, disc. Au- gust, 1862. COMPANY G. McUuire, J. N., e. October 3, 1861, disc. December, 1865. Violet, 0. H. SIXTY-SI.XTII OHIO INFANTRY. The Sixty-sixth Ohio was organized at Camp Mc Arthur, Urbana, Ohio, October 1, 1861, under Col. Cliarles Candy, and on the 17t,h of .January, 1862, moved to West Vir- ginia and reported to Gen. Lander at New t;reek, where the first iield camp was made. Gen. Shields soon succeeiled Gen. Lander, and the Sixty-sixth, for a few weeks, was stationed as Provost-Guard at Martinsburg, Winchester and Strasburg ; then cro.s^ed the Blue Ridge to Fredricksburg, where it was assigaed to the Third Brigade under Gen. E. B. Tyler. Orders were soon received to countermarch for the relief of Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah Val- ley and for the protection of Washington then threatened by .Stonewall .Jackson. In the battle of Port Republic, June 9, the regiment took an active and promiaent part in defending a battery of seven guns. The enemy had possession of these guns at three different times, and as many times were compelled to abandon them by the i-egiment. After tight- ino- for five hours against overwhelming num- bers, Gen. Tyler withdrew his command. The recfiment lost on this occasion VMi of the 400 men engaged. In July, the Sixty-sixth with its brigade, joined Gen. Pope at Sperryville, and was assigned to the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps. , The Second Division, under command of Gen. Banks, opened the Cattle at Cedar Mount- ain, and in the desperate struggle which ensued the regiment lost eighty-seven killed and wounded of the 200 men in arms. Its battle flag had one shell and nineteen ballet holes made through it, and one Sergeant and five Corporals were shot down in succession while carrying it. The regiment was again actively engaged at Antietam on the 17th and and ISth of September. On the 27th of De- cember, 1862, Gen. Stewart with 2,000 rebe cavalry made an attack on Dumfries, a small town garrisoned by the Fifty-seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio Regiments, about 700 troops in all. After fighting fiercely for several hours, the enemy was forced to retreat. In the engagement at Chancellorsville, the regiment held a position in front of Gen. Hooker's headciuarters, and again its brav*ry was exemplified. After participating in the battle of Gettysl)urg, the Sixty-sixth pursued Lee to the Rappahannock ; and in August, 1863, proceeded to New York to enforce the draft. In September, it was transferred to the Army of the Cumberland near Chattanooga, and in November took part in the bittles of Lookout Mountain, Mission Riilge and Ring- gold. On the loth of December, the regiment re-ealisted, and at the end of veteran furlough returned to Bridgeport. Ala., where it lay in camp about three months. In May, 1864, it, moved with the First Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth Corps, on the Atlanta campaign. At Rocky Face Ridge, the Twentieth Corps was repulsed with greit loss. At Resaca, the Sixty-sixth was actively engaged, but with slight loss. On the 25th, it took part in th- engagement near Pumpkin Vine Creek, and for eight days kept up a continuous musketry with the enemy. On the 15th of June, the regiment led the advance on Pine Mountain, and in the battles of Kenesaw, Marietta and Peach Tree Creek fought with conspicuous gal- lantry. After the capture of Atlanta, the Sixty-sixtli remained on duty in that city until Sherman started' on his "march to the sea." Fi'om Savannah it moved northward through the Carolinas and on to Wasiiington, passing over the old battle-field of Chancellor- ville, thus making the entire circuit of the Southern States. The regiment was finally mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, July 19, 1865, after serving in twelve States, marching over 11,000 miles, and participating in nineteen battles, with a loss of 112 killed, and about 850 woujided. Company F, of the Sixty-sixth Ohio, was recruited in Union County, and was mustered into the service under the following commis- sioned otficers: John Cassil, Captain, L. W. Smith, First Lieutenant and O. J. Carter, Sec- ond Lieutenant. Captain Cissil resigned in June, 1862, and was succeeded by L. W. Smith. John N. llathburn, a Sergeant of this com- pany, was promoted Captain of Company C, and W. A. Cavis to First Lieutenant of Company E. Company F 'suffered most severely in the battle of Port Republic, having nine killed, twelve wounded and four taken prisoners, and during its term of service, forty-one di«d on the field and in the hospitals, thirty-four were wounded, and eight taken prisoners. Union County was also represented in Com- panies A, B, C, D, E, I and K of this regiment. COMPANY A. Brooks, J. M., o. October 30, 1861, disc. December 29, 1863 . Conrad, J. W. H., e. December 11, 1861, disc. August 12, 1862. Colbert, I. C, e. November 5, 1861, disc. May, 1862. Porry, Michael, e. January 3, 1862, disc. January 17, 1865, taken prisoner at Cliaaoollorsville, Va., May, 1863. COMPANY B. O'Haver, H., e. October 8, 1861, disc. 1863. COMPANY C AND F. Capt. J. N. Rathburn, e. October 17, 1861, disc. October 17, 1864, served in Company F until promoted Captain, March 3, 1864, wounded June 9. 1862, at Port Republic. COMPANY C. Sharp, Henry, e. October 22, 1864, disc. 1865. MILITARY RECORD. 485 COMPANY D. Sergeant Peter Haidman, e. October 2, 1861, disc. Feb- ruary 14, 1863, died at Soldier's Home, Dayton, Ohio, disease contracted in the army. Eaypole, John, e. September 2, 1864, disc. April 7, 1865. COMPANY E. Capt. Thomas J. Buxton, e. October 15, 1861, resigned June 1, 18G3, taken prisoner June 9, 18G2, at Port Re- public, Va. Capt. John W. Watkins, e. October 19, 1861, disc. Decem- ber 22, 1864. COMPANY E AND F. First Lieut. W. A. Cavis, e. November 8, 1861, resigned October 20, 1864, served in Company F until promoted to Lieutenant, July 30, 1864. Corp. John Aller, e. January 6, 1862, disc. 1865, taken prisoner at Port Kepublic. Va., June 9, 1862. Black, Henry, e. December 9, 1861. Kyle, Eliae, e. December 19, 1861, disc. 1864, wounded at Savannah, Ga., December, 1864. COMPANY F. CHpt. James P. Conn, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded. Capt John Cassil, e. October 16, 1861, resigned June 21, 1862, died at home since the war. Capt. L. W. Smith, e. October 17, 1861, disc. December 22, 1864, wounded at Dallas, Ga, First Lieut. Joseph H. Case, disc. Juno 28, 1865. First Lieut. William Scott, e. November 13, 1861, died at home. Second Lieut. J. 0. Carter, e. October 17, 1861, resigned April 21, 1862. Sergt James Guy, e. September 17, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865, wiunded at Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862. Sergt. Daniel Griffin, e. October 23, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt W. H. Loveless, e. October 24, 1861, disc. September 12, 1862, wounded at Port Republic Va., June 9, 1862. Sergt. G. M. McGregor, e. December 7, 1861, disc. De- cember 22, 1864, transferred to Seventh 0. V. V. I. Sergt. James F. Maggs, e. November, 1861, disc. June 26, 1865, wounded June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va. Sergt. A. P. Orahood, e. October 19, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Port Kepublic, Va., June 9, 1862. Sergt. H. D. Parmeter, e. November 27, 1861, taken pris- oner June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va., transferred to Seventh Regiment 0. V. I. Sergt. W. C. Porter, e. October 17, 1861, died October 10, 1862, at Washington, D. C, of wounds received Aug- ust 9, 1862, at Cedar Mt.Va. Sergt. George Eichey, e. October 17, 1861', killed June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va. Sergt. D. L. Robinson, e. November 13, 1861, died July 10, 1802, in hospital, Alexandria, Va. Sergt. Nathan C. Welsh, e. November 13, 1861, wounded at Fredericksburg, Va., 1862. Corp. Daniel Beightler, e. November 27, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. Francis Cooledge, e. October 21, 1861, disc. January 31, 1863, wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9 , 1862. Cori>. Edward Cody, e. October 17, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded June 9, 1862, at Port Republic. Corp. John Freshwater, e. November 20, 1861, killed June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va. Corp. F. M. Gibson, e. November 29, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. William H. Sharp, e. December 6, 1861, killed June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va. Corp. Matthias Smith, e. December 5, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded November 27, 1863, at Lookout Moun- tain. Corp. A. M. Marks, e. November 28, 1861, disc. Decem- ber 22, 1864. Armstrong, J. H., taken prisoner June 9, 1802, at Port Republic, Va. Amrine, Alfred e. November 27, 1861, disc. June 1,1865, taken prisoner May 18, 1864. Amrine, John W., e. November 21, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Amrine, R. P., e. Jaruary 25, 1864, taken prisoner at Bentonville, N. C. Arnold, Jasper, e. August 9, 18C2. Beck, A. B., e. December 15, 1863, disc. Junel5, 1865. Berriam, William, e. November 1, 1861, disc. June 30, 1862. Bethard. James H., October 17, 1861, disc. July 21, 1862. Bell, William H., e. January 23, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Bethard, A. G., e. October 17,'.186], disc. Obtoberl4, 1862" Beightler, Abraham, e. December 6, 1861. Burris, Martin, e. November 19, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Bancroft, William, e. January 22, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Beck, Jesse R., November 19, 1861. Blake, John T., e. August, 1862, died June, 1863, at Mil- liken's Bend, La. Bassell, Adams, e. January 11, 1864, killed June 24, 1864, at Mission Ridge. Billiter, Noah C, e. December 7, 1861, disc. November 24, 1862. Black, Thomas, e. December 9, 1861, disc. December 13, 1862. Brown, Albert, e. November 21, 1861, disc. November 15, 1862. Battees, William S., e. November G, 1861, killed June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va. Burress, Enoch, e. August 9, 1862, disc. November 29, 1862, died at home, disease contracted in the army. Brewster, James, e. August 14, 1861, disc. June 3, 1862. Cummins, James, e. November 28, 1861. Cassel, James M., e. February 21, 1862, disc. August 12, 1862. Cole, Riley, e. April 7, 1864, died August 21,1864, at Chat- tanooga, Tenn. Cole, James R., e. March 29, 1864, died July 8, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn. Cooledge, T., e. October 19, 1861, died April 10, 1862, at Winchester, Va. Collumber, Jesse, e. January 27, 1864, diec. June 28, 1865. Constant, William, e. August 9, 1862, disc. June 3, 1865. Dasher, John, e. Janilary 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Dockum, Harry, e. November 8, 1861, disc. October 24, 1862. Dolbear, E. C, e. November 13, 1861, disc. December 31, 1861. Dines, W. C, e. August 20, 1862, disc. June 3, 1865, died at home in 1882. Doolan, John, e. December 10, 1861, disc. December 31, 1861. Doolan, Daniel, e. December 10, 1861. Draper, Henry, e. November 29, 1861, died August 24, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn. Edgington, J., e. November 28, 1861, disc. July 18, 1864, died at Marysville, Ohio. Elliott, Felix, e. December 9, 1801, disc. June 26, 1865. Freshwater, W. C, e. October 12, 1861. died June 17, 1862, of wounds received at Port Republic, \a., June 9, 1862. Filler, B. F., e. August 11, 1862, transferred to Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Griffith, John'H., e. August 11, 1862, disc. March 4, 1868. Griffith, T. E., e. November 10, 1864. Guy, William, e. October 17, 1861, disc. .June 28, 1865. Gregory, Jason, e. October 26, 1861, disc. June 16, 1862, taken prisoner at Newtown, W. V. Goal, J. W., e. October, 1861, disc. 1865. Gray, James, e. December 3, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Gray, Stephen, e. November 13, 1861, died at Columbus, Ohio, November 21, 1863, of wounds received at Get- tysburg, Pa., July 2, 1862. Grow, Henry, e. November 9, 1864, disc. January 26, 1863. Grow, George, e. NovfmberSO, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Graham, Silas, e. March 14, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hume, Alonzo, e. November 13, 1861, wounded at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862, disc. January 7, 1863. Heseldou, J,, e. 1864, wounded May 27, 1864, disc. June 28, 1864. Holloway, William J., e. January 10 1862, transferred to V. R. C. Horncy, J., e. November 28, 1861, killed at Pine Moun- tain, Ga , June 16, 1864. Huflman, A. W., e. February 18, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hufiman, J. T., e. October 17, 1861, disc. April 26, 1862. Ingram, B. P., e. March 10, 1864. Kelly, Daniel, e. November 30, 1861, disc. October 9, 1862. Knickelson, Jtreniiah, e. November 1, 1861,killedat Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862. Kelsey, William J., e. April 1, 1864, disc. July 19, 1865. Kent, Thomas, e. December 17, 1861, wounded at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. Lewallen.T. J., e. August 9, 1862, died at Harper's Ferry Va., December 14. 1862. Laird, S. D., e. November 12, 1861, taken prisoner at Fredericksburg dit^c. December 22, 1864. Lannon, J. R., e. 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Little, John, e. December 6, 1861, died at Alexandria, Va., July 28, 1862. Loats, L. H., e. January 18, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. 486 UNION COUNTY Leitz, Jacob, e. September 21, 1863, disc. December 20, 1864. liorlng, Emery, e. October 17, 1861, wounded and taken prisoner at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862, disc. Miy (i, 1863. McBride, Thomas, e. September 15, 1863, died at Bridge; p.irt, Ala.,May 12,18iU. McGlenn, James, e. November 18, 1861, disc June 28, 1865. McGraw, David, e. J, uiuary 29, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. McKitrick, J. H., e. November, 1861, wounded August 9, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. McCarty. William, e. December 7, 1861. McGlee. Andrew, e. September 21, 1861, disc. May 15, 1865. McGregor, M. M., e. October 21, ^j<63, disc. January 10, 1865. Myers, James H., e. January 26, 1861, disc. 1865. Myers, Joseph K., e. October 21, 1S61, disc. June 28, 1865. Murdock, Robert, e. December 28, 1861. Transferred to invalid corps. Mills, James, e. November 28, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Mathers, John, e. March 7, 1864, disc. June 23, 1865. Mapes, T. A., e. November 20, 1861, disc. December 30, 1862. Monroe, David B., e, October 29, 1861, wounded at Look- out Mountain, Tenn., November 24, 1863, diisc. June 28, 1865. Newhouse, J. H., e. October 17, 1861, wounded at Stras- burg, Va., disc. June 24, 1862. Drahood, Amos, e. December 6,1861, died (while home on furlough) at Marysville, Ohio, June 11, 1862. Orahood, Milton, e. November 13, 1861, died at home August 8, 1862. Parmeter, Samuel, e. November 16, 1861, disc. April 26, 1862. I'pck, John 0., e. October 27, 1861, disc. July 15,1865. Powers, W. M., e. November 20, 1861, disc. February 19, 1863. I'iatt, John, lleid, Theodore, 6. January 10, 18115, disc. June 28, 1865. Died Fel>ruary 27, 1867. Reading, William M., e. November 6, 1861, disc. July 5, 1862. Rice, F. M., e. August 11, 1862, disc. June 28. 1865. Ryan, J. H., e. November 15, 18i;i, wounded at Port Re- public, Va. , June 9, 1862, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., December, 30,1862. Reider, Christopher, e. November 5, 1861, di:?c. December 15, 1862. ."^hout, r., e. Oc^ob^r 28, 1861, disc. June 16, 1862. Spain, Marshall, e. Februiry 29, ISiJl, disc. June 28, 1865. Spiin, Philander, e. October 25, 1861, disc. January 30, 1862. Sherbone. George, e. February 20, 1862 Shuler, W. A., e. March 8, 1864, wounded at Pine Hill, Ga , 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Stillings, William, e. December 7, 1861, disc. December 31,1861. •Stephens, William, e. January 9, 1862. Smith, John, e. November 7, 1861, disc. July, 1865. Smith, .John. e. October, 1861, disc. November 20, 1862. Smith, J. T., e. November 28, 1861 wounded at Gettys- burg, disc. June 28, 1865. Smith, James F., e. December 1,1861, died at Waahing- ton, D, 0. of wounds received at Port Republic, Va., June 9. 1862, disc. October 16, 1.862. Smith, JacobH., e. November 28, 1861, disc. March 27, 1863. Smith, Isaac T., e. November 28, 1861. Shayer, J., e. 1861, disc. March 2, 1863. Shoemaker, Andrew, e. September 26, 18iit, disc. June 3, IS65. Stilhem, Leonard, e. November 30, 1861, died at Urbana, Ohio, .January 20,1862. Seagrover, George, e. October 19, 1861, disc. December 22, 1864. Severn, Mathew, e. November '28, 1861, killed at Port Re- public, Va., June 9, 1862. Sharp, R. B., e. December 5, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Sterling, Darius, e. December 9, 1861, died at Fort Dela- ware, Md., December 6, 1862. Turuer, S.impson, e. January 5, 1864, killed at Atlanta, Ga.. Au!^ust26, 1801. Turner, Scephun, «. January 5, 1861, killed at Rosaca, Ga., M.iy 25, 1861. Thayer, Jos'sph, e. December 6, 1861, disc. March 2, 1863. Wounded. Wilcox, Richard, e. November 22, 1861, wounded at Fred- ericksburg. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 20, 1864. Wilcox, Charles B , e. November 20, 1861, wounded May 1, 1863, and again Juno 15, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Warner, J. B., e. February 25, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Williams, C. C, e. March 8, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wolford, Levi, e. December 2, 1861, killed at Port Ra- public, Va., June 9, 1862. Worley, N. L., e. October 25, 1861, disc. November 21, 1862. Worley, David, e. October 25, 1861, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Welsh, Michael, e. September 27, 1864. disc. June 3,1865. Wvaiit, John J., f. November 27, 1861, taken prisoner June 9, 1862, at Port Republic, Va., wounded June 18, 1863, disc. June 28, 186i. Wilmoth, John, e. November 8, 1861, killed at Port Re- public, Va., June 9, 1862. COMPANY Q. Irwin, John R., e. November 14, 1861, killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862. COMPANY H. Capt. J. M. Mcllroy, e. October 16, 1861, disc. Juno 28' 1865. Sergt. G. W. Poling, e. October 14, 1861. Corp. Daniel Poling, e_. December 14, 1862. Blake, Byron, e. February 14, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Darling, Charles. Davis, William T., e. October 16, 1861, died at Winches- ter, Va., April 12, 1862. Graham, William, e. August, 1863, disc. January, 1864. Grubbs, William, e. March 15, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Harris, D. W., e. September 28, 1864, disc. June 28, 186,5. Mittex, James H., e. December 14, 1864, disc. July 15 , 1865, wounded at Dallas, Ga., 1864. Marks, Jonas, e. August 28, 1862, disc. June 6, 1865. Marks, Is vac, e. .\u^u3t 28, 1862. Poling, Reuben, e. January 17, 1862, disc. April 3, 1865. Stiner, C. W., e. November 1, 1861, disc. April 24, 186 2,. wounded at Martinsburg, Va. Shineman, David, o. October 14, 1861, died at Cumberland Gap. Wilson, Mathew, o. December 14, 1862, killed June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Wilson, William.e. November21, 1861, killed June 9, 186 2, at Port Republic, Va. COMPANY I. Corporal James Riddle, e. August 1, 1862. Baxter, E. W., e. August 5, 1862, disc. June 5, 1865. 1 Meeks, Z., e. January 14, 1862, died November 12, 186 2, ' in hospital at Harper's Ferry, Va. i Milledge, .John.e. August 8.1862, disc. June 5, 1365. Nicely, John W., e. 1861, disc. 1863, wounded at Antietam , ' Md., September 17, 1862. ' COMPANY K. I Turner, E., e. April 4, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. Webb, Martin, e. December 12, 1863, disc. June 28, 1865 . SIXTY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment, was organized in February , 1862. It entered the field in April and oper- ated in Tennessee. It was engaged in the bat- tle of Stone River, and in September, 1863, tooii part in the assault upon Mission Ridge, sutfering severely. It joined Sherman's move- men', upon Atlanta and pirticipated in nearly all the battles through to .Jonesbiro. After pursuing Hood north, i'. marched to the s ea, thence throuir'ii the Oarolinas and on to Wash- ington. It was mustered out July 17, ISrio. COMPANY B. Haun, W., e. January, 1861, disc. July, 1865 . Turner, William, e. July 10, 1862, wounded at Chatta- nooga, Tenn., 1863, died at Memphis, 1863. SEVENTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. The Seventieth Ohio was organized during the autumn of 1861, under Col. Joseph B. Cock- erill. MILITARY RECORD. 487 In February, 1862, it proceeded to Ken- tucky, and reported to Gen. Shernum. It look a prominent part in the battle of Pitts- burg Lauding and in the siege of Corinth. In June, 1863, it joined in the investment of A'icksburg, and after the surrender moved upon Jackson. It was engaged in the battle of Chat- tanooga, then marched to the relief of Knox- ville. In January, 1864, the Seventieth re-en- listed as veterans, and in May moved with Sher- man upon Atlanta; it participated in all the engagements on the way and around Atlanta. It marched through Georgia to the sea; shared in the assault upon Fort McAllister, and moved through the Carolinas. It was discharged Au- gust 14, 1865. COMPANY B. I'ainter, L. L., e. February 29, 1864, disc. August 14 1865. SEVENTY-FIR.ST OHIO INFANTRY. The Seventy-first Ohio was organized Feb- ruary 1, 1862, under Col. Rodney Mason. It soon reported to Gen. Sherman, in Kentucky, :ind in April participated in the battle of 8hiloh. During the summer of 1862, it ope- rated along the Cumberland River, and in .\ugust was captured by an overwhelming ma- jority. After its exchange, it guarded railroads in Tennes'^ee until the battle of Nashville, where it took an active and effective part. It served in Texas, during the summer and fall of 1865, and was finally mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in January, 1866. Lane, S. D. COMPANY D. COMPANY E. Musician G. W. Wiison, e. March 16, 18G3, disc. February 18, 1866. SEVENTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in February, 1862, under Col. Granville Moody. In April, it entered the field in Tennessee, and guarded railroads most of the time until December, when it took an active part in the battle of Stone River. On the movement toward Chattanooga, the Seventy-fourth shared in the engagements at Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Lookout Mount- ain and Mission Ridge. It participated in the Atlanta campaign, pursued Hood northward, marched to Savannah, and through the Caro- linas. After the grand review at Washington, it proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out on the 10th of July, 1865. COMPANY A. Cassady, George. Dawson, William, e. August 17, 1861, wounded at Jones- boro, Ga., September 1, 1864, disc. July 7, 1866. COMPANY D. Gaines, K. E., e. November 16, 1861, disc. July 18, 1862. SEVENTY-SIXTH OHIO I.N'FANTRY. The Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry was re- cruited during the fall of 1861, by Col. C. R. Woods. The organization was completed and mustered into the service on the 9ih of Feb- ruary, 1862, with 062 officers and men. The regiment immediately entered the field in Ken'ucky, and took part in the engagement at Fort Donelson. It then moved to Pittsburg Landing, and was exposed to the enemy's fire during the whole of the second day's battle at that place. It moved with the army under Halleck upon Corinth, and after the evacuation marched to Memphis. In .July it proceeded to Helena, Ark., and in August joined the movement upon Miliken's Bend and Haines' Bluffs, surprising the Thirty-first Louisiana Regiment and capturing all its camp and gar- rison equipage, and many prisoners. Four siege guns, two field pieces, and a large quantity of fixed ammunition also fell into the hands of the forces during this expe- dition. In October, the Seventy-sixth went to Mis- souri, and in December formed a part of Sher- man's expedition against Vicksburg; then proceeded up the river to Arkansas Post, and on the 11th of January, 1863, assisted in the capture of that fort, losing seventy mea. The regiment operated under Gen. Grant in the siege of Vicksburg, and after the surren- der marched in pursuit of Johnston to Jack- son, and on the 2.3d of September embarked at Vicksburg for Memphis. During the months of October and November, the Seventy- sixth served in Northern Alabama and Ten- nessee; then joined Gen. Hooker ai Chatta- nooga, and participated in the assaults upon Lookout Mountain, Misson Ridge and Ring- gold. About two thirds of the regiment re- enlisted on the 4th of January, 1864, and after the veteran furlough, joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign'and took part in the battles of Snake Creek Gap, Resaca, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Jonesboro. After the fall of Atlanta, the Seventy-sixth moved to South Carolina and engaged in the " Campaign of the Carolinas." In February, 1865, it operated around Columbia until the evacuation of that city, then moved to Ben- tonville and took part in the last battle of the war at that place. It marched to Raleigh, where it remained until Johnston's surrender ; proceeded to Washington and took part in the grand review before the President, then moved to Louisville, Ky., and was mustered out of the service, after which it went to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged on the 24th day of July^- 1865. The Seventy-sixth Regiment had over 1,500 men in its organization, and mustered out only about 400. It was engaged in forty-seven battles and skirmishes ; lost 350 officers and men on the field and in the hospitals, and had 341 wounded in battle. Dr. A. Sabine, of this county, who was As- sistant Surgeon of the Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was promoted to Surgeon 4S8 UNION COUNTY of the Seventy-sixth Regiment in January, 1862, for meritorious service on the battle-field of Stone River, and served with this regiment until the close of the war. He held the posi- tion of Medical Director of Gen. Wood's di- vision during the siege of Vicksburg. and during the Atlanta campaign was the greater part of the time Ohief of ttie Corps of Oper- ators of the First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps. COMPANY A. Surgeon Andrew Sabine, commission issued July 2, 1861. disc. July 24. 1865. Sergeant J. W. Tilton, e. October 17, 1801, disc. July 15, 1865, re-enlisted as veteran February 14, 1864. Tilfon, John F., e. January 4, 1864, disc. July 22, 1865. Wright, H. M., e. November 12, 1861, disc. October 13, 1865. COMPANT B. Corporal John Dull e. November, 4, 1861, disc. July 19, 1865. Brooks, J. P., e. October 17, 18C1, disc. July 15, 1865, re- enlisted as veteran February 14, 1864. Carroll, George P., e. February 17, 1864. Wounded at Atlanta, Ga. Tracy, Henry, e. October 9, 1861, disc. June 10, 1865. COMPANY 0. Harper, T. A., e. October 29, 1861, disc. 1864. COMPANY D. Denman, C. N., e. October 9, 1861. COMPANY O. Bonham, John,e. February 22, 1864, dine. 1865.. Mossier, George W., e. August 15, 1862, disc. July 17, 1865. SEVENTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. The organization of this regiment was com- pleted on the 11th of January, 1862, and in February it entered the iield at Fort Donelson. it took part in the battle of Shiloh and in the siege of Corinth. It operated in Mississippi and Tennessee under Grant until the surren- der of Vicksburg. The Seventy-eighth par- ticipated in the movements of the Army of the Tennessee until the fall of Atlanta. It followed Sherman in his march to the sea and through the Carolinas, up to Richmond and on to Washington. It was mustered out at Louis- ville, Ky., July 11, 1865. COMPANY A. Henderson, John A., e. 1862, disc. 1865. COMPANY B. Sergeant Furgeson, W., e. November, 1861, disc. 1865. COMPANY E. Kirby, A.G. COMPANY (i. Fry, W. F., e. December 11, 1861, disc. July 11, 1865. SEVENTY NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Seventy-ninth Ohio was organized in July, 1802, and took the field the following month. It operated with the Army of the Cumberland in Kentucky and Tennessee, until the spring of 1864, when it joined Sherman's forces in the advance on Atlanta and fought the enemy at Resica. Dallas, Pine Mountain. Kenesaw Mountain, Peach-Tree Creek and At- lanta. It took part in the siege of Savannah, and in the march through the Carolinas ; it participated in the engagements at Lang- ton, Columbia, Averysboro and Bentonville. During its term of service, the Seventy- ninth sustained a loss of several hundred. It was mustered out June 9, 1865. COMPANY Q. Corporal Silas McFadden, e. August 7, 1862, disc. March 25, 1863. EIGHTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in December, 1861, under Col. E. B. Eckley. It was as- signed to Gen. Pope's command and served with that army during the siege of Corinth. It afterward joined Grant's movement in ;\Iis- sissippi and shared in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. In June, 1863, it, moved with Sherman's forces in their march to Chatta- nooga, and in November took part in the as- sault upon Mission Ridge. The Eightieth Ohio re-enlisted in Jan- uary, 1864, and after the furlough home, joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign. It was stationed at Resaca when Hood's demand for its surrender was refused. It marched to the sea, then moved north across the Caro linas to Washington. After the close of the war, performed garrison duty in Arkansas until mustered out on the loth of August, 1865. COMPANY F. Westlake, George, e. August, 1802, disc. September, 1865. COMPANY I. Temple, George, e. January, 1862, disc. 1865. EIGHTY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The Eighty-first Ohio was organized during the fall of 1861, under Col. Thomas Morton. It served in Missouri under Gen. Fremont until March, 1862, when it was transferred to the Army of the Tennessee. It was actively engaged in the battle of Shiloh; then marched into Mississippi and took a prominent part in the siege of Corinth. In June, 186;), it moved into Tennessee and performed garrison duty until May, 1864 ; it then entered upon the Atlanta campaign and took part in the battles at Snake Creek, Dallas, Kenesaw, Atlanta and Jonesboro. It participated in all the dangers and privations of the campaign of the Caro- linas, and, after the review at Washington, proceeded to Louisville, Ky., and was mus- tered out July lo, 1865. COMPANY A. Tonguet, Fielding, e. July 20, 1802. COMPANY F. • Johnson, D. C, e. August 15, 1862, disc. 1865. Johnson, Joseph. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn. COMPANY G. Overholser, C, e. September 2, 1862, disc. August, 1865. Elliott, Uriah. Beaver, William. Beaver, John. COMPANY H. MILITARY RECORD. 489 EIGHTY-SKCOND OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized December 31, 1861, under Col. .James Cantwell, and, in January, 1862, moved into West Virginia and encamped near the village of Fetterman. Here it spent several weeks engaged in drill- ing, disciplining and active preparations for the field. On the 16th of March, the Eighty- second was assigned to Gen. Schenck's com- mand, and, after exploring the Lost River region in search of Harness, the noted guer- rilla, moved to the relief of Gen. iMilroy, then threatened by Stonewall .Jackson at McDowell, and participated in the assault on Bull Pasture Mountain and the retreat to Franklin. On the 2-5th of May, Schenck's brigade left Franklin with the army under Fremont, fol- lowing the rebels through Strasburg on to Cross Keys, and was present at the battle at that place on the 8tli of .June, though not actively engaged. It followed Jackson to the Shenandoah, then returned through New Market, Mount .Jackson and Strasburg to Middletown, where Gen. Sigel took command of the army. In the organization of the Army of Virginia under Gen. Pope, the Eighty-second was assigned to an independent brigade under Milroy, of the First Corps, Sigel' s command. In August, it was again engaged with Jack- son at Cedar Mountain. A few days later, the two armies met on the opposite banks of the Rappahannock River, and for more than a week kept up an incessant skirmishing, the enemy making many attempts to gain Water- loo Bridge, which was defended by Milroy' s brigade. When orders were received for the destruction of the bridge, the work was in- trusted to the Eighty-second. Then followed the second Bull Run battle, in which the regi- ment fought with conspicuous gallantry, losing heavily. In this engagement Col. Cantwell was killed, and Col. James S. Robinson as- sumed command. On the od of September, the First Corps proceeded to Fairfax ('. H. and the Eighty-second was attached to Gen. Sigel's headquarters. While here, Sigel's Corps was denominated the Eleventh and assigned to the Army of the Potomac. It participated in the advance on Fredericksburg, :ind ill December went into winter quarters at •Statford C. H. Gen. Howard succeeded Gen. •Sigel in command of the Eleventh Corps ; and the Eighty-second having been relieved from duty at headquarters reported to Gen. Schurz, its division commander, and by him was desig- nated as a battalion of sharp-shooters for the division, subject to his personal direction. In the movement upon Chancellorsville on the 2d of May, the Eighty-second performed good service; and from this time until the 7th was engaged in the trenches or oti the picket line. When the army fell back, tlie regiment re- turned to StatFord and remained quietly in its old camp until the 10th of June. Then, hav- ing been as.'-igned to the Second Brigade of the Third Division it moved on the Gettysburg campaign, and so severe was its loss in this sanguinary battle that only ninety-two of the 258 jnen who went into the action remained to guard its colors. The Eleventh Corps followed in pursuit of the retreating enemy as far as Warrenton Junction. At Hagerstown, the Eighty-second had been assigned to the First Brigade of the Third Division, and when the Third Division was ordered to guard the Orange & Alexan- dria Railroad, it was placed at Catlett's Sta- tion, where it performed guard and patrol duty until September. On the 2.5th, the regi- ment, with the Eleventh Corps, was trans- ferred to the Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the battle of Wauhatcliie October 28, and in the assaults upon Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. It followed in pursuit of Bragg, then marched to the relief of Knoxville, but when within a few miles of that city information was received that the siege had been raised and the troops returned to their old encampment in Lookout Valley. On January 1, 1864, the Eighty-second re- enlisted for another three years' service ; on the 10th, started to Ohio on veteran furlough ; on the 23d of February, re-assembled at Columbus, Ohio, with 200 recruits, and, on the 3d of March, joined its brigade at Bridge- port, Ala. Here the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated, forming the Twen- tieth, and the Eighty-second was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division of this corps. On the oOth of April, marching orders were received and the regiment entered upon the Atlanta campaign, moving toward Resaca. On the 14th of May, it assisted the Fourth Corps in repulsing an attack by the rebels on the Dalton road, and in the engage- ment of the next day held an important posi- tion with but slight loss, being protected by breastworks. t)n the 19th, the enemy was found in position near Cassville, but withdrew without a battle. At Dallas the regiment took an active part, holding the center of the line. The entire brigade was exposed toaheavy fire, by sunset, almost every cartridge was gone, and it was only by searching the cartridge- boxes of the dead and wounded that a strag- gling fire was kept up until night, when the brigade was relieved. On the 28th, it escorted a supply train for ammunition to Kingston and back, and on the 6th of June went into position near Pine Knob, where it remained until the 15'h. It was not actively engaged at Kenesaw except in skirmishing. On the 20th of July, it crossed Peach Tree Creek and found the rebels in the woods about four miles from Atlanta. The regiment lost in this affair seventy-five killed and wounded. Dur- ing the siege of Atlanta, the Eighty-second occupied an important but exposed position. On one occasion the regimental colors were carried away and torn to shreds by a cannon ball. On the 20th of August, it was removed to a position on the Chattahoochie, and Gen. Slocum assumed command of the corps. On 490 UNION COUNTY the '2d of September, the national forces took i possession ot Atlanta, ami the regiment went into camp in the suburbs. On the loth of November, it moved with Sherman's army to the sea — a iletachmont taking part in the eucouuit'r with Wlieeler's cavalry at Biitfalo Creek. From Savannah it marched through the t'arolinas. At Lancaster, on the 27th of February, IStio, some foragers from the Eighty-second ciptured a beautiful silk ban- ner. The regiment took a prominent pari in the engagement at Averysboro. losing two othcers and eiglit men wounded, .and was again actively engaged in the last battle of the war at luMitonville, in which it lost two officers and nine men wounded and fourteen men missing. From Bentonvilleit movevl to Golds- boro, and on the '.hh of April was consolidated with the Sixiy-tirst Ohio, the new organiza- tion being denominated the Eighiy-second. After the surrender of Johnston at Kaleigh, the regiment marched to Washington, and having participated in the grand review on the L'-lth of May, went into camp near Fort Lincoln. On the 15th of .June, it moved to Louisville, Ivy., where it remained until the 25th of July, then proceeding to Columbus, Ohio, it was discharged July ^9, 18t55 Company H, of the Eighty-second Infantry, was recruited mostly in Union County, and was mustered into the service with the follow- ing commissioned ofhcers : Nicholas Jerola- man. Captain; W. D. \V. Mitchell, First Lieu- tenant, and L. B. Lippitt, Second Lieutenant. Oapt. Jerolaman resigned July 7, 18l>2, and Lieut. W. D. Mitchell was promoted to Captain of the company. Capt. Mitchell fell, mortally wounded, at Gettysburg July 1, 1863, and from that date until April, 18tJ4, the company was commanded by Sergeants. Lieut. J . P. Davis was in command from April, 1864, to October, 1864; Lieut. \V. H. Thompson, from October. 1864, to April, 1865 ; and Capt. Gradyiski from April until July, 1865. During its term of service, nine of the mem- bers of I ompany II were killed in battle, seven were mortally wounded, eleven died in the hospitals, twenty-nine were wounded, and ten were taken prisoners. I nion County was also represented in Com- panies A, B, D, E, F, G, 1 and K of this regi- ment. COMPANY A. Colbert, 1., e. February '^3, 18t)4; disc. July 24, 1865. Hogan, Thomas, e. 1SG2 ; disc, iu 1865. COMPANY B. Church, J. S., e. January 24, 1864 ; disc, iu 1865. Long, C. C. COMPANY D. Corporal Harrison Jump, e. November 27, 1861; disc. August 29, 1863; \vd. at Bull Run, Va., Aug. 30, 1865. Wilson, William, e. Septemlver, 1862. COMPANY E. Uatcher, Nathaniel. COMPANY F. Bailey, Wayne, e. November 15, 1861 ; disc. August 19, 1S62 ; wd. at Bull Run, Va. Oliver, A. H., e. October 4, 1864. COMPANY 0. Captain Miltun Marsli, o. November 21, 1861 ; disc. July 24, 1865; wd. at (xettysbunt, Penn., July, 1865. Blue. Jolin, e. February 2'.l, 1864 ; disc. July 24, 1865. Houaker, James, e. Foliruary 23, 1804 ; disc. May 1, 1864 ; died in hospital at Bridgeport, Ala. liuntor, .lames. Ropier, O.^U., e. February 23, 1864 ; died May 27, 1864, of wounds receivedat Dallas May 2.'>, 1864. COMPANY II. Captain Niohjias Jerolamaa, e. June 15, 1861 ; disc. July 7, 1862. Captain William D. W. Mitchell, e. November 22, 1861; wd. at Gettysburg, Ponn., July 1, 186^5, died July 2, 1863. Ca|.>tain John A. Mitchell, e. June 1, 1862; disc. July 24, 1865; taken prisoner at Gettysburg, I'enu., July 1, 1863, and held as suoh till the close of the war. First Lieutenant J. J. Bier,kilKd May 2, 1863, at Chan- cellorsville, Va. First Lieutenant J. V. Uavis. e. November 15, 1861 ; disc . July 24, 1865. First Lieutenant Peter Hill, e. November 1, 1861 ; wd. at McDowell, Va., May 8, 1862; re-enlisted in the 174th 0. V. I. August 6, 1864 ; disc. 1866. Second Lieutenant Loyd B. Lippitt, e. November 15, 1861 ; resigned July 17, ISOi. Second Lieutenant William Thompson, e. November 15, 1861; disc. July 24, 18(i."> ; taken prisoner July 20, 1864, at Peach Tree Creek, Ga. Sergeant T. R. Cahill, e. l)ecember 7, 1861 ; disc. July 24, 1865. Sergeant J. D. lleuson, e. December 1, 1861 ; disc. July 24, 186.'>; taken prisoner at Bull Run, Va., August 3o, 1862, and wd. at Gettysburg. Sergeant George M. McPeck, e, December 2, 1861; disc. January 1, 1864; wd. at Bull Run, Va., August 30, 1862. and at Gettysburg, Penn., July 1, 1863. Sergeant John G. Lanning, o. December, 1861; disc. July 24, 186.^. Sergeant George N. Rice, e. November 22, 1861; disc. January 2, 1865. Corporal D. D. Bolenbaugh, e. December, 1861 ; disc. February U, 1865; wd. near Atlanta, Ga., .luly 20, 1864. Corporal A. H. Kepler, killed May 25, 1864, at Dallas, Ga. Corporal 0. .\. Ilea, e. December, 1861; disc. July 24, 1865 ; wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July, 1864. Corporal John T. Kothwell, e. December, 1861; disc. July 24, 186,-.. Musician Washington Davis, e. November 26, 1861; disc. November 26, 1864. Ault, W. D., e. November, 1861. Bryson, Joseph, e. December 13, 1861; disc. December 8, i862. Biggs, Henry, e. November 22, 1861 ; disc. July 24, 1865 ; wd.at Savannah, Ga., December, 1864. Burgoon, W. S., e. December 7, 1861 ; disc. January 21, 1865 ; wd. at Chancellorsville, Va., May, 1863. Bonhani, 11. C, e. December 7, 1861 ; disc. April 15, 1862; died at Richwood, Ohio. Buyer, A. D., e. November 22, 1861 ; disc. July 24, 1865. Beyer, NViliiam H. H.,e. Decembers!, 1861 ; disc. January 2, 1865; wd. at Bull Run, Va. Bombaugh, Lewis, e. November, 1861; disc. July 24, 1865. Berry, John L , e. November 15, 1861 ; disc. August 19, i 1862. Beardsly, W. W., e. December 7, 1861 ; disc. October 28; : 1862; wd. at Bull Run, Va. Boyd, D. A., e. November 22, 1861; disc. January 21, I 1865; wd.at second battle of Bull Run, Va., August I 30, ls62. Boyd, J. C, e. December 7, 1861; disc. August 30, 1862; killed at second battle of Bull Run, Va. Cahill, J. W., e. 1863; disc. July 24, 1865. Curl, i;. S , e. December 31, ISlil ; disc. Slay 20, 1865; wd. at Peach Tree Creek and at Bentonville, N. C, March, 1865. Chapman, H., e. December 17, 1861 ; disc. July 12, 1862. Cory, J. E., e. November 22, 1861; disc. September 2, 1862 ; died at home August 24, 1871. Coons, G. W., e. Novt-mber 25,1861; disc. October 25, 1862; wd. at Bull Run. Davis, Washington, e. November 26, 1861 ; disc. Decem- ber 26, 1864. John W. Davis, e. December, 1863; killed May 25, 1864 at Dallas, Ga. MILITARY KEfJORD. 491 KUlott, r.'riah, <■.. K<-,hruary, 18«4 ; die'l July 'Ui, 1864, of wdx. ri;t>-ivA at ('(«w;li Tr".; Creek. Evarm, J. 1}., <-. Kovembur 22, 1801; dig';. March 13, 18<;.;. Elliott, A. E , e. li';c«m>'05; wd. May 25, 18'>4, at Dallas, Ga. Wright, William, e. February 8, 1804; disc. July 18, 1805 ; died at home. Winters, James S., e. December 31, 1861; taken prisoner at Occoquan, Va. Watford, Joseph, e. February 8,1804; died July 13, WA, near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. Whaley, Alvin, e. December, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Occoquan, Va. ; wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July, 1864. Wright, C. C, e. February 7, 1804. Yantiss, J. J., e. November 22, 1801 ; died August 23, 1803; wd. at Gettysburg, Penn., July 1, 1863. YarringU^n, Hiram, e. November 22, 1861 ; disc. October 15. 18(i.3. Yarringter 25, 1862. Gibson, Albert, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1802. Gilchrest, Austin, o. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25,1802 Goldrick, William, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1802. Hawn, Wesley, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Harper, Seaton, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1S62. Heasley, Solomon, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September '^5, 1862. Harbert, W. J., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Hamm m, W. N., e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1862. Hopkins, L., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1802. Horney, Jethro, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1802. Hornbeck, J., e. Juuh 3, 1802. disc. September 25, 1802, Huifvine, Lewis, a. June 3, 1802. disc. September 23, 1862. Jenkins. Isaiah, e. Juri'i 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1862. Jones, Milton e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Kent, Cicero, e. June 3, 1862. disc. September 25, 1862. Lumbard, Jesse, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Lockwood, Luther, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Leeper, Samuel C, e. June 3, 1862, disc. Septembei 25, 1802. I Lamson, Truman, e. June 3, 1802, di?c. September 25, I 1862. I La May, George, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. I Marshall, James E, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, I 1862. McConnaha, Andrew, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. 1 Morse, Joseph, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. 1 Nowell, John, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1802. Nick, Christian, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1802. Newlove, Brown, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25,1862. Orahood, Reuben, e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1862. Orahood, Hiram, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25,1862. Reed, David S., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Reed, John, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Richmond, John, e. June 3, 1862. Died August 31, 1862, at Buckannon, Va. Robinson, C. L., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Robinson, Simpson, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. MILITARY RECORD. 493 Snider, Henry, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Snodgraas, Albert, e. JuneS, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Sabine, Charles W., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862 Turner, Stephen, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Turner, E. M., e. June 3, 1862. disc. September 25, 1862. Welsh, J. K. , e. June 3, 1802, disc. September 25, 1862. Wilkins, James C, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Wilber, William, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Wood, Michael P., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. White, Martin L. e. June 3, 1862, disc^ September 25, 1862. Webb, William, e June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Welsh, Frank, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Webster. L., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Wolford, Chambers, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Wolford, Marvin, e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. Wood, M. P., e. June 3, 1862, disc. September 25, 1862. EIGHTY-.SIXTII OHIO INFANTRY. ,^ (Six Months' Organization") The second organization of this number for six months' service was completed in .July, 1863, under Col. W. C. Lemert, and was com- posed chiefly of the members of the old three months' Eighty-sixth. It took the field against .John ^lorgan, who was then raiding in Ohio. The Eighty-sixth was ordered to Zanesville, and on its arrival a detachment under Lieut. Col. McFarland proceeded to Eagleport, on the Muskingum River, to intercept the enemy, but arrived just in time to witness the crossing of the rear guard of the rebel forces. Not being strong enough toattack,the commander could only detain the raiders as long as possible by skimishing, then return to Zanesville. The remainder of the regiment had pro- ceeded to Cambridge, expecting to meet Mor- gan at that place, but arrived too late. It fol- lowed in pursuit, however, and with the com- mand of Col. Shackelford, captured the rebel forces near Salineville, Columbiana Co., Ohio. In August the Eighty-sixth was ordered to Kentucky, and having joined the troops under Col. John DeCourcy, at Camp Nelson, moved into East Tennessee. On the 8th of September, the combined forces arrived in front of Cum- berland Gap. Col. DeCourcy, in order to ex- aggerate the number of his troops, resorted to the strategy of dividing each regiment, thus making, apparently, two of one. This scheme had the desired eifect, and the rebels supposed bis forces nearly treble their actual number. About this time Maj. Gen. Burnside arrived with his command, on the opposite side of the Gap, and the enemy was completely surrounded. On the 9th, after disposing of the troops to the best advantage, in case of resistance, a formal summons was sent to the rebel commander for a surrender of the place. The demand was as- sented to, and the Eighty-sixth then moved into the fort and took possession. Two thou- sand eight hundred prisoners. 5,000 stands of arms, thirteen pieces of artillery and large quantities of ammunition, were the fruits of this expedition. A detachment of the Eighty-sixth, includ- ing Company B, conducted the prisoners to Lexington, Ky., then returned to the Gap and with the regiment remained as a part of the garrison until its terra of service expired. Ow- ing to the great distance from the base of sup- plies, the troops at the garrison were compelled to subsist off of the surrounding country much of the time. Foraging parties were forced to go a great distance in their efiForts to secure a * sufficient supply, and encounters with guer- rillas were a frequent occurrence. On the 16th of January, 1864, the Eighty- sixth started for home, and on the 10th of Feb- ruary was mustered out at Cleveland, Ohio. Company B, of the Eighty-sixth Infantry, was raised in Union County, and was mustered into the United States service at Camp Chase, in July, 1863, with the following commissioned officers: J. W. Fields, Captain; U. D. Cole, First Lieutenant, and Brown Newlove, Second Lieu- tenant. Six of the members of Company B died while in the service, and one was wounded. The county was also represented in Compa- nies C, H and K, of this regiment. COMPANY B. Captain James W. Field, e. June 19, 1863, disc. February 10, 1861. First Lieutenant Ulysses D. Cole, e. June 19, 1863, disc. February lU, 1864. Second Lieutenajit Brown Newlove, e. June 19, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Sergeant 0. P. Converse, e. June 23, 1863, disc. August 14, 1863. Sergeant William S. Filler, e. June 19, 1863, disc. Febru- ary 10, 1864. Sergeant Joseph Maskill, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Sergeant G. W. Snodgrass, e. June 22, 1863, disc. Febru- ary 10, 1S64. Sergeant James Welsh, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Cornoral R. F. Cratty, e. June 22, ,1863, transferred Au- gust 4, 1863. Corporal Cicero Kent, e. June 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal J. C. Marshall, e. June 21, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal R. M. Miller, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal Stephen Pyers, e. June 30, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal Albert Smith, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal S. T. Turner, e. June 19, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Corporal R. L. Woodburn, e. June 26, 1863, disc. Febru- ary 10, 1864. Corporal William Wilber, e. June 25, 1863, disc. Febru- 10, 1865. Musician William McCampbell, e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Musician E. h. Randall, e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Andrews, Byron, e. June 26, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Andrews, Clayton, e. June 26, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Beach, William, e. July 3,1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Beltz, Lewis, e. July 1, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Burrows, L. R., e. July 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Bidwell, L., e. July 11, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Collier, 0., e. July 12, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Curry, James A., e. June 26, 1863, died at Crab Orchard, Ky., October 2, 1863. Cartmell, T. J., e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Clark, A. M., e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Cameron, iWilliam, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Coolidge, Hiram e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. 494 UNION COUNTY Collier, Arthur, e. July 13, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Doolen, Daniel, e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Darling, John, e. June24, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Dutten, J. R., o. June 26, 1863, disc February 10, 1864. Farohee, John T., e. July 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1804. Figley, Jonas, e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 18C4. Ford, H. C, e. June 25, 1863, dis.-. February 10, 1864. Fritz, G. H., e. June 24, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Gill, Andrew, e. July 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Gillis. Walter R., e. July 6, 1863, disc. Feberuary 10, 1864. Griffith, T. R., e. June 27, 1803, disc. February 10, 1864. Heasley, W. P., e. June 22, 1863, Died at Camp Nelson, Ky., December 1,5,1863. Hohn, Daniel, e. July 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Harper, Seaton, e. June 26, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Hornbeck. A., e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Horney, J., e. June 22, 1863. disc. February 10, 1864. Hopkins, L. B., e. June 25, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Harris, Philip, e. July 25, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Kahler, Henry, e. July 12, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Ketch, Lewis J., e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Killberry, Solomon, e. July 11, 1803, di.sc. February 10, 1864. Keeseker, George W., e. July 11, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Lanson, F. H., e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Lansdown, R. P., e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Loring, E , e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Morris, Solomon, e. June 26, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Morse, J. P., e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Marks. William, e. June 29, 1863, disc. February 10, 1804. Moffitt, John, e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10,1864. Marvin, John, e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Mathews, Charles, e. June 29, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Moore, Samuel, e. June 10, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Moore, Henry, e. July 10, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Mooder, James, e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. McNeal, William e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Mclntire, William, e. June 24, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. McConaha, A., e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Orahood, Hiram, e. Junef22, 1863, wounded at Richmond, disc. February 10, 1864. Orahood, R., e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Powers, William, e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Reed, Reuben, e. June 29, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Robinson, W. D., e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Robinson, Imer, e. June 26, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Rader, R., e. July 13, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Smith,|I. S., e. June 27, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Smith, Elijah, e. June 20, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Smith, William M., e. June 24, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Snider, Henry, e. June 20, 186,3, disc. February 10, 1864. Snider, Adam, e. June 22, 1863. disc. February 10, 1864. Snider, Ezekiel, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Snider, William, e. June 27. 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Shirk. Jonas, e. June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Shout, Isaiah e. June 22,1863, disc. August 11, 1863. Stickney, Joshua, e. August 3, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. " Stillings, William, e. June 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1684. Spain, Marshall, e. July 4, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Spain, R. T.. e June 26,1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Shunk, Eli. e. June 4, 1863. disc. August 11,1863. Smith, W. M., e. June, 1803, disc. February 10, 1864. Sherwood, Amos, e. July 10, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Seeley, Luther, e. July 10, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Turner, Emery, e. June 19, 1863, disf-.. February 10, 1864. Taylor, S. R., e. July 4 1863, disc February 10, 1804. Wench, Frank, e June 19, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Woodburn, Heber, e. July 28, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Welsh, Frank, e June, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Welsh, L. A., e. June, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Webster, Z., e. July 4, 1863 disc. February 10, 1804. Webster, L. L., e. June 24, 1863, died at Barboursville, W. Va., September 16, 1863. Weller, Edward, e. June 29, 1803, disc. August 11, 1863. Wilson, L., e. June 24, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Wilson, C. J., e. June 23, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Wise, Eli, e June 22, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. Wise, William, e. June 29, 1863, died at Cumberland Gap^ Tenn., January 4, 1864. Wood, David, e. June 27, 1863, died at Cumberland Gap, Tenn.'- Wolford, Marion, e. July 4, 1863, died at Cumberland Gap, Tenn. COMPANY C. Case, Jason, e. June 2, 1863, disc. February 10, 1864. COMPANY H. Beltz, William, e. July 20,1863, died at Cumberland Gap,. Tenn., October .30, 1863. Maddox, John, e. June 9, 1863, disc. September, 1863. COMPANY K. Croy, T. W., e. May, 1863 disc. 1863. EIGHTY-SKVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Eighty-seventh Ohio was organized for three months' service. In .Tane,186'2, if. reported to -Maj. Gen. Wool, at Baltimore, and in .July moved to Harper's Ferry. Itremained at that place until the siege by Stonewall .Jackson, and although its term of service had expired, had the misfortune of being included in the surrender of the National forces on that occa- sion. COMPANY c. Bosh, J. D., e. June 4, 1862, taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, Va., 1862, disc. 1862. Bosh, W. J., e. June 4, 1862 taken prisoner at Harper's Ferry, Va., 1862, disc. 1862. COMPANY D. Croy, T. W., e. May, 1862, disc. September, 1862. EIGHTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was mustered into the service October 27, 1862, under Col. George W. Neff, and was immediately placed on duty at Camp Chase. When the Kirby Smith raid was made on Cincinnati, the Eighty-eighth moved to Coving- ton. A small detachment served in West Virginia and Maryland, but was soon brought back to operate against John Morgan. In December, the regiment resumed its monotonous duty at Camp Chase, where itremained until mustered out, .July ;^, 1865. This regiment was drilled to the highest proticiency and, had it been permitted, would, doubtless, have performed good service in the field. COMPANY B. Conklin, H. J., e. January 17, 1865, disc. July 3, 1865. Hamilton, T. S., e. October 24, 1864, disc. July 3, 1865. Mitchell, George, e. August 15, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865, Severns, William, e. 1864, disc. July 3, 1865. Welsh, N. C, e. August 14, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. COMPANY D. Corporal Isaac Mummy, e. October 1, 1862, disc. August Vi, 1864. Corporal R. S. Spencer, e. March, 186,3, disc. July 3, 1865. Bethard, J. H., e. October 1, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. Curl, William H., e. April 25, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Fisher, L. D., e. 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. Fisher, William, e. October,1862, disc. July 3, 1865. Fleck, W. H., e. May 14, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Fulk, William, e. October 1, 1862, died at Camp Ohase, Columbus, Ohio, April 2, 1863. Harris, Virgil, e. October 1, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. Hines, Jeremiah, e. October 1, 1862, died at Columbus, Ohio, May 19, 1863. MILITARY RECORD. 495 Haggard, M. R., e. March 17, 1863, disc. July 3, 1863. Hedges, Alexander, e. March 18, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Hedges, John, e. October 1, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. Jackson, James, e. October 1, 1862, disc. March 4, 1865. Low, Levi, e. February 27, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Marshall, S. J , e October 1, 1S62, disc. Dfcember 1, 1864. Molntyre, George W., e. October 1, 1862, died in hospital January 22, 1864. Richey, J. L., e. March 23, 1863, disc. July 3, 1 865. Wise, David B., e. October, 1862, disc. July 3,1865. COMPANY E. Long, B. M., e. February 26, 1864, disc. July 3, 1865. COMPANY F. Hamilton, James, e. March 31, 1864, disc. Nuvember 3, 1865. COMPANY G. Black, William, e. June 23, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Johnson, G. W., e. July 18,1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Julian, Samuel, e. July 13, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Ledley, Isaac L., e. June 24, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Lower, Samuel. Sewell, George, e. July 1, 1863. disc. July 3, 1865. Taylor, J. B., e. January 25,1863, disc. July 3, 1865. COMPANY H. Captain Alexander Anderson, e. July 27, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Corporal D. J. Harris, e. July 13, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. Beard, F. L., e. July 22, 1863, disc. July 3, .865. Haggard, W. D., e. September 1, 1864, disc. July 3, 1865. Hill, William. Patrick, Thomas, e. July 13, 1863, disc. April 19, 1865, died at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio. Patrick,;David, e. July 13, 1863, disc. July 3, 1865. WilliamB, Jesse, e. July 31, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. COMPANY K. Davis, Jesse, e. September 22. 1864, disc. July 3, 1866. Mummy, Peter. Marshall, James. EIGHTY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Eighty-ninth Ohio was organized and mustered into the service on the 26fh of Au- gust, 18(i2. It served in West Virginia until the spring of 1863, when it moved to Tennes- see to re-enforce Gen. Rosecrans. In Septem- ber, the Eighty-ninth, while engaged in the battle of Chickamauga, was surrounded and captured almost entire by a division of the enemy; the officers were sent to Libby Prison and the men to Andersonville, where many of them died of starvation and exposure. The remnant of the regiment under Maj. Jolly, participated in the assault upon Mis- sion Ridge, and in May, 1864, joined the Atlanta campaign, fighting in all the battles, to the end. It marched to the sea with Sherman, and through the Carolinas on to Washington. It was mustered out .June 13, 1865. COMPANY K. Creviston, L., e. August, 1862, disc. 1865. NINETIETH OHIO INFANTRY. During August. 1862, the organization of this regiment was completed and mustered into the service under Col. Isaac N. Ross. It re- ported, at once, to Gen. Wright, in Kentucky. In September it made a torced march from Lex- ington to Louisville, suffering intensely. It then moved south with Buell's army and partici- pated in the battles of Stone River and Chick- amauga. It served in Tennessee until May 1864, when it joined Sherman's advance on Atlanta. After the ftill of that city it pursued Hood north into Tennessee and took part in the battles at Franklin and Nashville; then fol- lowed the enemy south to the banks of the Tennessee. At the close of the war, it returned to Ohio and was mustered out of the service June 13, 186-5. COMPANY C. Creamer, W. M., e. August 4, 1862, disc. 1865, wounded at Nashville, Tenn. McGill, Edgar. COMPANY K. Adams, P. C, e. July 26, 1862, disc. June 5, 1865, taken prisoner at Cumberland Gap, Tenn., June 18, 1862. NINETY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 18(>2. It entered the field in Virginia and operated in the Kanawha Valley. It joinedHunter's march upon Lynchburg ; then moved to Martins- burg and served against Early's army in ti>e Shenandoah Valley, fighting at Winchester. Fisher's Hill and Opequon. The Ninety-tirst was mustered out June 24, 1865. Halliday, John. Philips, John C. COMPANY C. COMPANY F. NINETY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1865, under Col. Joseph W. Frizell. Without uniform or camp equipage and never having been drilled as a regiment, the Ninety-fourth entered upon active service in Kentucky. In the retreat toward Louisville, it suffered severe- ly for want of food and water. It took part in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. It joined Sherman's movement upon Atlanta, fighting in all the battles and skirmishes to the end. It participated in the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. j^fter the grand review at Washington, the Ninety-fourth was mustered out of the service on the 6th of June, 1865. Evans, William. COMPANY B. COMPANY O. Turner, A. S., e. August 5, 1862, disc. June 5, 1865, taken prisoner near Bardstown, Ky., 1863. NINETY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. The Ninety-fifth Ohio was organized August 19, 1862, under Col. William L. McMillen, the next day it moved to Lexington, Ky., and was soon engaged in the disastrous battle at Richmond where the most of the men were captured. Having been exchanged in Novem- ber, the regiment was re-organized and subject- ed to the most rigid drill. In May, 1863, it moved to Memphis, then operated with Sher- man against Vicksburg. After the fall of that city, it again moved to Memphis, and in June. 1864, joined the expedition into Mississippi 496 UNION COUNTY under Gen. Sturgis. Later the regiment ^erved in Missouri and Arkansas. It after- ward joined Gen. Thomas' forces and partici- pated in the battle of Nashville. It performed its part, in the pursuit of Hood, then joined Canby at Mobile. The Ninety-fifth was mustered out August 19, 1865. COMPANY D. Corporal J. P. Hudson , e. August 9, 1862, disc. March 14, 1864. Hume, J. P., e. August 9, 1862, dis". 1862. COMPANY F. Uaicus, H., e. August 7, 1862, disc, February 1, 1863. Kitter, S. M., e. August 18,1862, disc. August 14, 1865. Wounded at Richmond, Ky., August 30, 1862. Wilcox, George C e. August 15, 1862, disc. August 14, 1865. Wounded May 15, 1863. COMPANY O. Burnhani, L., e. August 8, 1862, died July 22, 1863, at Vicksburg, Miss. Dee, James, e. August 3,1862. Ellis. D. W., e. May, 1862, disc. June. 1865. Mitchell, B., e. May 7, 1862, died February 18, 1865. in hospital at Nashville, Tenn. :\lcUlung. William, e. Augusts, 1862, disc. July, 1865. Spreese, G. W., e. .■Vugust 3, 1862, disc! August 14, 1865. Smith, Willard, e. August 3, 1862, disc. November 24 1863. Smith, D. W.. e. August 3, 1862, killed at Richmond, Ky., August 30, 1862. COMPAJJY K. Allen, B. F., e. .\ugust 11,1862, disc. August 14,1865. Allen, Calvin, e August 11, 1862, disc. Feduary 2, 1863. Beard, S. B., e. August 11, 1862, died Jane 17, 1864, in hospital at Mempiiis, Tenn. Myers, Jacob, e. August 11, 1862, disc. August 14,1865. Taken prisoner at Adairsville, Ga., June 10, 1864. Pyers, J. Wounded. Webster, Royal. Died at home. NINETY-SIXTH OHIO VOLir.NTEER INFAJJTRY. The Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was raised in the Eighth Congressional District, comprising the counties of Union, Delaware, Knox, Morrow. Marion and Logan; and, em- bracing representatives from various avocations of life, embodied as noble and intelligent a body of men as were mustered into the service of their country. The regiment was organized at Camp Dela- ware August 29, IStJ'i, numbering 1,014 men, rank and file. Its principal officers had seen service, and were well qualified for their re- spective positions. The field officers were Jo- seph W. Yance, Colonel, of Mt. Vernon ; A. H. Brown Lieutenant Colonel, of Marion ; Charles H. McElroy, Major, of Delaware; D. W. Hen- derson, Surgeon, of Marysville. On the 1st of September, 1862, the regiment left Camp Delaware, by way of Columbus, for Cincinnati, and, arriving in that city the same evening, crossed the Ohio River and quartered in the streets of Covington for the night ; remaining there a week, sleeping at night upon tbe streets, and were fed by the loyal citizens of the place. On the 8th of Sep- tember, went into camp three miles back of Newport, Ky., and occupied the advance on that part of our line during the threatened at- tack of Kirby Smith upon Covington, Newport and Cincinnati. On the 8th of October, the regiment in the brigade of Gen. Burbridge, A. J. Smith com- manding the division of the Thirteenth Army Corps, marched to Falmouth, thence to Cyn- thiana, Paris, Lexington and Nicholasville. At the latter place they remained in camp two or three weeks ; thence marched to Louisville, where they remained in the mud on the Ohio River for a few days, thea embarked for Memphis, Tenn., on the I9th of November, where they were encamped about a month. While there they were reviewed by Gen. Sher- man and ordered to embark on the steamei- Hiawatha and proceed down the river witli the forces under his command, the objective point being Vicksburg, Miss. The men were blissfully ignorant of the severe service await- ing them, but were soon brought to a realiza tion of circumstances that every p^irticipant must look back to with horror. The whole regiment and its outfit of wagons, teams, etc.. together with the Seventeenth Ohio Battery, with its guns, horses and mules, were packed on this small craft. Nearly every member of the battery was sick with the measles. The horses and nuiles were placed on deck, their heads lied on either side, forming between them a narrow aisle. Only partial rations of hard bread and roasted colfee could be had, the only resort being flour and green cotiee, wJiich required cooking and roasting. It may have been a necessity, but certainly it was a bitter fatality. The only facility for evoking was a small stove on tlie after deck, to reach which it was necessary lo run the gauntlet of two hundred pairs of treacherous heels and the filth of such a stable. First, the coffee and the meat were cooked and eaten with hard bretd, but the supply of the latter was soon exhausted and the men were forced to mi.\ flour with water and bake it on the same stove With the best eff"ort possible, it was often U o'clock before all had their breakfast with the half-cooked material. As if this were not all that flesh and blood could endure, cold rain continually drenched all who were not under cover, and for want of room many were forced to remain on the hurricane deck, famisheil with hunger and tortured with sleeplessness. All day and all night the little stove was oc- cupied by men preparing the unhealthy rations, that, while they saved from immediate starva- tion, were not slow, in connection with other causes, in developing diseases that were equally fatal to those %vho were exposed and those who were packed close in the ill-ventilated and over-crowded appartments. Everywhere were sunken eyes, thin cheeks and tottering steps. Surgeon Henderson, with his assistants, labored incessantly to check disease and relieve the sutferings of the men. but typhoid, measles and erysipelas were mas- ters, everything seemingly rendering them aid. Death did a frightful work. On its way the regiment disembarked at Milliken's Bend on the 20th and made a forced march to Dallas Station, La., on the Vicksburg, MILITARY RECORD. 499 S. & T. Railroad, a distance of twenty-eight miles, over a narrow road cut through a dense cypress forest, over stretches of corduroy and [ thick intervening mud of the low marshes, burning depots and warehouses, destroying a large amount of railroad property, tearing up the track for miles, returning the following day i in a pelting storm of cold rain, having marched fifty-six miles in less than forty hours. After privations on the boat, this work was terribly , painful and disastrous. The regiment was taken <>n down the river i to the Yazoo (the River of Death), and up that river to Johnson's Landing; there disem- : barked and marched to Chickasaw Bluffs and participated in the first attack on Vicksburg, where the Union forces were defeated. Then 1 proceeding to Arkansas Post, they took an active part in the assault upon the works, capturing 7,000 prisoners, losing ten killed and twenty-six wounded. After this engagement, it at once accompanied the army under Grant in the flank movement to the rear of Vicksburg and took part in the siege until the surrender, .July 4, 1863. Then it marched on to .Jackson, taking part in the siege until its evacuation on the 17th of July, thence back to Vicksburg and from there by steamer to CarroUton, La. From that point it made several expeditions and scouts. It was next engaged in what was called the Teche campaign, and participated in the battle of Grand Coteau on the 3d of No- vember. This was a desperate fight against overwhelming numbers, the regiment losing 110 men killed, wounded and missing. In December, the regiment was ordered to Texas, where it operated against Dick Taylor's forces until March, 1864. then returning to Brashear City, La., entered upon the Red River campaign under Gen. Banks. On the 8th of April, were engaged in the battle of Sabine Cro-s Roads, losing fifty-six men killed, wounded and missing ; among the former were the gallant Col. Vance and Capt. Coulter; among the latter was Capt. Evans, who re- turned to his command after an absence of ten months in rebel prisons. Then followed the engagements of Peach Orchard Grove, Pleasant Hill and Cane River. On the 1st of August the regiment with the Thirteenth Corps embarked for Dauphine Island, in the rear of Fort Gaines, and were the first troops to land in rear of that fort, and par- ticipated in the siege till the surrender of the fort on the 8th with 1,000 prisoners. Then pro- ceeded on board gunboat to the rear of Fort Mor- gan and participated in the siege of that fort until its surrender on the 22d. On the 1st of September, the regiment returned to Louisiana, and in November proceeded to the mouth of White River, in Arkansas. The regiment was so reduced in numbersby continue i losses that a consolidation became necessary, and was effected by special order on the 18th of No- vember. At the request of the officers, and as a special honor to the regiment, it was not united with any other organization, but was consolidated into four companies, receiving one company from the Forty-second Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, whose term of service had not expired with that of their regiment, making a batatlion of five companies called the Ninety- sixth Battalion, Lieut. Col. A. H. Brown com- manding. Company B, of Knox, E, of Marion, and K, of Union, were consolidated, making Company C, commannded by Capt. Evans. The battalion continued to operate in Arkansas until February, 1865, whence it removed to the rear of Fort Spanish, the key of Mobile, Ala., participating in the siege of that fort, which resulted in its capture ou the 8th of April. A few minutes after the surrender, the regi- ment was marching to the assistance of Gen. Steele, who had for some days been investing Fort Blakely, fifteen miles north of Spanish Fort. Upon the arrival of Gen. Granger's corps on the field, Gen. Steele's troops stormed the fort, capturing 5,000 prisoners. This is said to be the last battle of the war. The bat- talion then proceeded on the 11th to Stark's Landing, and took passage on the morning of the 12th in company with a fleet of gunboats, across the bay for the city of Mobile. A land- ing of the infantry was effected below the rebel stronghold and marched toward it, the gunboats sending shells of warning that we were upon them. The reason of no response soon appeared in the form of a white flag. After the surrender of Mobile, the battalion joined an expedition to Nannahubbah Bluff, on the Tombigbee River, and also Mcintosh Blufl's. The last volley fired by the Ninety-sixth was on the r2th day of April, at Whistler Station, seven miles above Mobile, in a lively skirmish with Dick Taylor's retreating forces. The regiment returned to Mobile on the 9th of May, where it remained until mustered out, July 7, 1865, excepting forty men, whose term of serv- ice had not expired, and who were transferred to the Seventy-seventh Battalion, Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, and served as a detach- ment in that battalion until March, 18(j6. The Ninety-sixth, from the time of entering the field until the close of the war, was on continuously active and most of the time hard service. It embarked at Mobile for Camp Chase, by way of New Orleans, arriving at Columbus the 29th day of July, where they were paid off and disbanded, at which time they numbered 427 men, including one com- pany from the For/y-second Ohio. The regi- ment marched 1,683 miles, and was transported by boat 7,686 miles, by railroad 517 miles, making a total of 9,886 miles. Company K of this regiment was recruited in Union County, and was mustered into the service with H. C. Hamilton, Captain ; J. C. Cline, First Lieutenant ; Thomas L. Evans, Second Lieutenant ; M. G. Mains, First Ser- geant. This company left Marysville with 113 men; eleven were rejected by Surgeon Henderson, who having had large experience in the Mexican war knew that it required j sound men to endure the hardships of war. 500 UNION COUNTY hence the rigid examination. Thirteen men were recruited for this company in the fell of 1863 and winter of 1864 by Sergt. Lig- gett, making a total mustered into this com- pany from Union County of 115. Union County was also represented in several other companies of this regimant. Of tlie whole number of Company K, forty-three died on the battle-field and in hospitals ; ten were wounded and six were prisoners. Thirty-three of the original number were mustered out at Camp Chase in 1865. Capt. Hamilton resigned his commission on account of disability, August 9, 1863 ; Lieut. Cline was promoted to Captain, and resigned his commission March 18. 1864 ; Lieut. Evans was promoted to First Lieutenant .January 22, 1864, was commissioned Captain in April, 1864, was taken prisoner at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, April 8, and was not mustered until his release. First Sergf.. M. G. Mains was dis- ^ charged for disability and David Edwards was j promoted to First Sergeant, and discharged on account of disability February 20, 1863. W. i H. Turner was promoted to First Sergeant March 9, 1863, and died soon afterward. R. A. Liggett was promoted First Sergeant Sep- tember 1, 1863. Surgeon D. W. Henderson, e. August 2, 1862, resigned April 2, 1863. COMPANY K. I Captain H. C. Hamilton, e. July 21, 1862, resigned August I 9, 1863. First Lieutenant J. C. Cline, e. August 6, 1862, resigned ! March 18, 1864. Promoted to Captain of Company C i March 26, 1863, wounded November 3, 1863, in battle of Grand Coteau, La. Second Lieutenant Thomas L. Evans, e. August 1), 1862, discharged .luly 7, 1865, promoted to First Lieutenant March 26, 1863, taken prisoner at Sahine Cross Roads April 8, 1864, promoted to Captain July 13, 1864. j First Sergeant M. G. Maines, e. July 21, 1862, disc, for disability March 9, 1863. ; Second Sergeant William Laughead, e. August 6, 1862, ; died of fever in hospital at Nicholasville, Ky., Novem- ber 28, 1862. Third Sergeant A. J. Smith, e. August 6, 1862, disc. No- vember 18, 1864, died at home since the war. Fourth Sergeant Jacob Painter, e. August 6, 1862, disc. November 18, 1864. Fifth Sf-rgeant Levi Hill, e. August 4, 1862, disc. July 7, 7, 1865. Wounded November 3, 1863, at Grand Coteau, La., and taken prisoner. Corporal G. Mitchell, e. July 28, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865. Corporal George Butler, e. Angust 6, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865. I Corporal M. W. Judy, e. August 6, 1862, disc. March 24, 1863. Corporal John T. Blake, e. August 6, 1862, died April 5, 1863, at Milliken's Bend, La. Corporal D. Edwards, e. August 6, 1862, disc. February 20 1863. Promoted to First Sergeant. Corporal H. Shenneman, e. August 6, 1862, died Novem- ber, 1864. Corporal J. F. Shearer, e. August 5, 1862, died February 9, 1866. Corporal Abraham Cobb, e. July 28, 1862, promoted to Sergeant March 1, 1863, killed in battle at Grand Co- te. u, November 3, 1863 Corporal William Smith, e. August 6, 1862, disc. April 14, 1863. Armstrong, Wellington, e. December 30, 1863, transferred to Seventy -seventh Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry Battalion July 7, 1865. Died since the war. Barnes, Isaac H., e. August 2, 1862, disc. July 11, 1865. Barnes, John W., e. July 28, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865. Blue, S iuiuel, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Vicksburg February 11, 1863. Blue, Wilson, e. August 6, 1862, died at Deer Island, M-iss., January 13, 1863. Beem, S. G., e. July 22, 1862, wounded at Arkansas Post, January 11, 1863, died of wounds January 17, on board 01 hospital steamer. Belts, Lewis, e. August 6. 1862, disc. March 16, 1863. Belts. Frederick e. August 6, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865. Bowie, R. H , e. August 6, 1862, died at St". Louis, Mo., March 1, 1863. Bowie, B. C , e. August 6, 1862, disc. February 16, 1863. Boyles, William e. July 26, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865, wounded November 3, 1863, in battle of Grand Coteau, La., died at Soldiers' Home since the war. Brown, George J., e. August 6, 1862. Promoted to Ser- geant December 25, 1862. Died at Cincinnati, June 22, 1863. Burroughs, J. N., e August 4. 1862, disc. July 7, 1865. Culver, Joseph, e August 6. 1862, died at Vicksburg, Miss., January 27, 1863. Clark, Reuben, e. August 6, 1862, died June 9. 1863. Carter, Jo.-^eph, e. August 6, 1862, disc. July 7. 1865. Coolridge, Aaron, e. August 6. 1862. promoted to Corporal March 1, died on hospital boat at Nashville April 12, 1863. Croy, David B., e. August 6, 1862, died in hospital at St. Louis, Mo., January 30, 1863. Cole, Thompson 0.,e. February 29, 1864, disc. March 8, 1866. Transferred to Seventy-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry Battalion July 7, 1865. Dobbins, Elisha, e. August 6, 1862, disc. July 7, 1865, promote, 1865. COMPANY E. McMannis, William, e. August 16, 1862, disc. April 2, 1863. NINETY-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1862, under Col. Albert Longworthy. It pro- ceeded to Kentucky and assisted in the defense 602 UNION COUNTY of Louisville, followed Bragg' s retreating forces southward, then moved against Morgan. It was afterward engaged in the battles of Stone River, Cliickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, and during the Atlanta cam- paign participated in the engagements at Rocky Face Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Pine Mount- ain, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy. The Ninety-ninth joined Thomas at Nashville and took an active part in the battle at that place. It pursued Hood as far as Columbia, where it was consolidated with the Fiftieth Ohio, and the Ninety-ninth ceased to be an or- ganization. COMPANY B. Tonguet, Ephraim. Tonguet, L. COMPANY D. Sergeant J. T. McVey, e. August 11, 1862, disc. 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized August 18, 1862, under Col. William Given. It operated in Kentucky and Tennessee until September, 18G4, when it moved to the relief of Athens. That fort having been cowardly surrendered, the One Hundred and Second was surrounded •by an overwhelming force, many of the men killed and wounded and the remainder capt- aared. The officers were taken to Selma and the men to Cahawba, Ala.; when paroled they were placed on board the ill-fated steamer Sultan, and eighty-one of the regiment were lost by the disaster to that boat. It was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Surg, A. J. Irwin. COMPANY c. Holland, George W., e. August 7, 1862, disc. January 13, J863. •'ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized August 30, "1862, under, Col. James W. Reiley, and in September moved into Kentucky and operated against Kirby Smith and John Morgan until .September, 1863, when it proceeded to Knox- 'ville and Cumberland Gap. It took part in the siege of Knoxville and was engaged in the fighting at Ilolston River and Blain's Cross Roads. In April, 1864, it joined the Atlanta cam- paign and participated in all the general en- gagements. In October it moved north with Thomas and took part in the operations against Hood. At Franklin the regiment lost sixty killed and wounded and after the battle marched to Nashville carrying with it eleven battle flags captured from the enemy by the Union army. After the engagement at Nash- ville it pursued the enemy as far as Clifion, Tenn., and in February, 1865, proceeded to North Carolina, where it served until mus- tered out on the 17th of June, at Greensboro. COMPANY I. James, W. H. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Sevnth Ohio was organized August 25, 1862, under ("ol. Sera- phim Meyer. It was engaged in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, then followed in pursuit of Lee across the Potomac. It operated in South Carolina and Florida until the close of the war, when it was mustered out July 10, 1865. COMPANY D. Woods, W. T. COMPANY F. McNier, EU, e. August 22, 1862, disc. January 30, 1863. COMPANY I. Qessler, John, e. August 22, 1SG2, disc. 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized October 3, 1862, under Col. J. Warren Keifer. It oper- ated against Lee at Kernstown ; was with Grant in the Wilderness and about Richmond, and with Sheridan at Winchester and Fisher's Hill. It took part in the assault upon Peters- burg and in the pursuit of Lee. The One Hundred and Tenth was in twenty-one en- gagements, and lost 795 men. It was mustered out at Washington City, June 25, 1865. Surg. T. C. Owen. ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in August, 1862, under Col. John R. Bond. It entered the field in September, and operated against Kirby Smith and John Morgan in Kentucky. It passed through the siege of Knoxville, tak- ing part in the engagements at Blain's Cross Roads, Danville and Strawberry Plains. In May, 1864, the regiment joined the Atlanta campaign, and was engaged in the battles of Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face Mountain, Ilesaca, Kenesaw, Pine INIountain, Lost Mountain, Dal- las, on the Chattahoochie River, near Nicojack Creek, Decatur, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta Rnd LoVejoy. It started on this campaign with 380 men, and of this number lost in killed and wounded, 212. It participated in the fighting at Franklin Turnpike and at Nashville ; fol- lowed in pursuit of Hood, then moved into North Carolina, where it remained until mus- tered out July 12, 1865. Surg. David Silver," died at Chattanooga. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase in August, 1862, under Col. James A. Wilcox. In December, it moved to Kentucky, thence to Tennessee, and in September, 1863, bore a dis- tinguished part in the battle of Chickamauga, losing 138 officers and men of the 382 en- gaged. In December, 1863, the regiment marched to the relief of Knoxville, and in the spring of 1864 joined Sherman's Atlanta cam- paign, and participated in the engagements at MILITARY RECORD. 508 Buzzard's Gap, Resaca, Rome, Dallas, New Hope Church, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta. It marched to the sea, then through the Caro- linas, taking part in the last battle of the war at Bentonville. After the surrender of John- ston, the One Hundred and Thirteenth moved to Washington and took part in the grand re- view, then proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it was mustered out on the 6th of July, 1865. COMPANY D. Corp. Elias Thomas, e. August 30, 1S62, disc. June 28, 1865. Flaharda, G. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. COMPANY E. Sergt. F. M. McAdams, e. August 15, 1862, disc. June 28, 1866. COMPANY F. Corp. E. D. Horton, e. August 20, 1862, wounde-i at Chick- amauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, disc. 1864. Corp. Benjamin Norris, e. August 2, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. Freeman, T. P., e. August 15, 1862, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. in arms, disc. April 25, 1864. COMPANY O. Trimble, Abraham, e. December 2, 1863, disc. June 28, 1865. Young, Daniel, e. January, 1861, disc. June 28, 1865. COMPANY H. Andrews, Lewis, e. August 6, 1862, disc. June 28, 1865. COMPANY K. Nash, A. L., e. December 19, 1863, disc. June 9, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized September 11, 1862, under Col. John Cradlebaugh, and on the 1st of December was ordered to Memphis to join Sherman's expedition against Vicksburg. It participated in the assault upon Chickasaw Bayou, and in January, 1863, moved against Arkansas Post. In April, 1863, the regiment joined Grant's movements against Vicksburg, and engaged the enemy at Thompson's Hill, Champion Hill, Big Black Bridge and the siege of Vicksburg. After the surrender, it operated in Louisiana and Texas until January, 1865, when it moved to Florida, but soon returned to Texas, and from there proceeded to Colum- bus, Ohio, and was mustered out in July, 1865. Robinson, William. COMPANY A. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Fifteenth was or- ganized in August, 1861, under Col. J. A. Lucy, and reported to Gen. Wright at Cincinnati in October. Here the regiment was divided, tive companies proceeding to Camp Chase to per- form guard duty. In the fall of 1863, a part of the regiment was mounted and operated in Tennessee, the remainder occupying block- houses along the railroad. When Hood ad- vanced on Nashville, Companies C, F and G were captured and afterward paroled. They took passage on the ill-fated steamer Sultana, where eighty-three men were lost. The One Hundred and Fifteenth remained on garrison duty until mustered out, June 23, 1865. Chaplain William G. March, e. Dectmber 1, 1863, disc. October 28, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH OHIO INFj^NTEY. This regiment was organized during the fall of 1862, under Col. James Washburn. It operated in West Virginia until the spring of 1863, when it moved east to Winchester. It served under Sigel in the Shenandoah Valley, and with Sheridan at Snicker's Gap and Opequon. In March, 1865, it joined the Army of the James in front of Petersburg, and fol- lowed in the pursuit of Lee. The One Hun- dred and Sixteenth was mustered out June 14, 1865, with the exception of Companies F and K, which were consolidated with the Sixty- second Ohio. COMPANY D. Forsyth, Samuel, e. August, 1862, disc. 1865, wounded at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Seventeenth Ohio was organized in September, 1862, under Col. Chauncey G. Hawley. It served in Kentucky until January, 1864, when it moved into Ten- nessee, and performed arduous duty until th& close of the war. It was discharged at Camp Dennison, August 1, 1865. Sims, John, e. 1862. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in September, 1862, under Samuel R. Mott. It served in Kentucky and Tennessee until the campaign of 1864, when it moved upon Resaca. It partici- pated in the battles of Dallas, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, at the crossing of the Chattahoochie, and in the final engage- ments which resulted in the fall of Atlanta, after which it joined the army confronting Hood, took part in the battle of Nashville, fol- lowed the enemy to Columbia, captured Fort Anderson, was engaged in the action of Town Creek, then joined Sherman's army at Golds boro. The One Hundred and Eighteenth received its final discharge at Cleveland, Ohio, July 9, 1865. COMPANY O. Leonard, A. H., e. August, 1862; disc. June, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH OHIO INFANTRY This regiment was organized during the autumn of 1862 under Col. Daniel French. It joined the Army of the Tennessee, and par- ticipated in the fruitless attack on Vicksburg It moved against Arkansas Post, and under Grant took part in the engagement at Thomp- son's Hill, the siege of Vicksburg and the investment of Jackson. In May, 1864, the 504 UNION COUNTY regiment, having started to join Gen. Banks at Alexandria, was surprised and captured by the enemy. In November, the One Hundred and Twentieth was consolidated with the One Hun- dred and Fourteenth, which ended the career of the One Hundred and Twentieth as a regi- mental organization. COMPANY C. Smith, Joseph, e. September, 1863 ; disc. January, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio was organized in the early fall of 1802, under Col. William P. Reed, the majority of its mem- bers being without a knowledge of even the first principles of military tactics. Companies A and I were wholly, and Com- pany C, partly, recruited in Union County. Companies B, D, E, F, G and H also contained representatives from this county. When the companies were organized, M. C. Lawrence was elected Captain of Company A, D. H. Henderson, First Lieutenant, and J. W. Jones, Second Lieutenant, and A. B. Robin- son was elected Captain of Company I, Andrew Dockum, First Lieutenant, and Joseph White Second Lieutenant. These two companies left Marysville on the d day of September, 1862, for Camp Dela- ware, where the regiment rendezvoused. Company A went into camp with 102 men, and Company I with 116. Recruits were assigned to the different com- panies during their service, making the total number of enlistments 300, this being the greatest number of men from this county serving in any one regiment. Of this number, seventeen were killed, forty-two died of wounds and disease, eighty-two were wounded, and thirty-two were taken prisoners, making a total loss of 173. AVhen the regiment was organized, Capt. Lawrence vvas the ranking line officer, having the right flanking company, and Company 1 the right center, being two very important po- sitions in the regiment, and as time proved, these two companies were to play an important part in this desperate game of war. Tlie One Hundred and Twenty-first was mustered into the service on the 11th of Sep- tember, 1862, and immediately went to Cin- cinnati, crossed the Ohio River and went into camp at Covington, Ky., on the 12th. At this place, it was armed with a lot of con- demned Austrian rifles which were absolutely worthless; then moved to Louisville, and was attached to Gen. McCook's Division. Inexperienced and without an hour's drill- ing, the regiment marched with Gen. Buell's forces against Bragg' s rebel army, and on the 8th of October was led into the battle of Per- ryville, where it received its first baptism of blood. Of Company A, James D. Hatcher was mortally wounded, and Oliver W. Weeks, seri- ously wounded in this engagement ; and of Company 1, Lieut. White was killed ; B. P. Hildreth and John P. Bailey severely wounded, and George Lockhart, Alexander Gandy, James M. Lucas, Marshall Morris and E. Patch were taken prisoners. Many strong men were broken down in these first months' hard service, and never afterward returned to their companies. The regiment was detailed to bury the dead at Perry ville; then continued in Kentucky performing guard duty until January, 1868, On the 31st of December, 18()2, the regimental hospital was captured at Campbellsville, Ky., and Alexander Baker, Nathan Baker, S. B. Cone, James C. Cone and John R. Cameron of Company A, and AVilliam McNier, F. M. Mc- Claskey, James M. Simpson, Oliver Simpson, William R. Sherwood, Martin Snyder, H. S. Sprague, William Burrows, Hiram Hawley and John Brannon of Company I were taken pris- oners and paroled. On the 1st of February, 1863, the regiment moved into Tennessee and was employed in watching and protecting the rigl^t flank of Gen. Rosecrans' army, then stationed at Mur- freesboro. About this time Col. H. B. Banning was transferred to the command of the regiment; and the prisoners of Perryville had been ex- changed and they and many of the sick re- turned to their companies. The One Hundred and Twenty-first moved from Stone River with Gen. Rosecrans' army and on this march was engaged in a slight skirmish with the rebel Gen. Forrest at Triune on the 3d of June. A few days later it occupied Shelbyville, Tenn., and after re- maining there several weeks advanced to FayeUeville, where it continued until the 1st of September, when orders were received to join the Reserve (^orps under Gen. Gordon Granger and proceed to Chattanooga. On the 20th of September, 1863, the regi- ment was engaged in that memorable charge of Steedman's Division at the battle of Chick- amauga, in which they drove the enemy at tlie point of the bayonet from the field and held it against repeated attacks until the close of the battle, the One Hun- dred and Twenty-first being the last regi- ment to leave the battle-field, and bearing away with it the flag of tlie Twenty-second Alabama Infiintry, which was captured and borne, away in triumph by one Solomon Fish, of Mill Creek Township, a member of Company C. It is concluded that this timely aid of the Reserve Corps saved Gen. Thomas' army from defeat. Capt. Lawrence commanded the regiment on this occasion during the greater part of the battle, while yet ranking as a Captain, and Scrgt. Otway Curry assumed command of Company A. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was eleven officers and eighty-seven men. Of Company A, Amos Amrine was missing ; Thomas Marshall, John J. Ramage, Solomon MILITARY RECORD. 505 Hisey, Henry F. Jackson, 0. S. Myres and i Samuel Walters were wounded and Solomon Hisey wounded and taken prisoner. Of Com- pany I, Lieut. Fleming, Harrison Carpenter and James Harden were killed, and Capt. A. B. Robinson, A. R. Gage, George Deland, John S. Gill, John W. Bryan, James M. Lucas, Sheri- dan McBratney, Thomas Page, John G. Rup- right, Edwin Sager and Richard White were j wounded. ] After the battle of Chickamauga, the regi- ment shared in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge and in the march to the re- lief of Knoxville, then remained quietly in camp at liossville until entering upon the Atlanta campaign. Capt. Lawrence was promoted to Lieutenant \ Colonel in November, 1863, and was in com- mand of the regiment during the winter of 1863 and 1864. Col. Banning being home on recruiting service, Lieut. B. A. Banker having command of Company A, the greater part of the time, and Capt. Moorehouse, of Company I, from the battle of Chickamauga until the return of Capt. Robinson in January, 1864. On the 2d of May, 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty-first started on the Atlanta campaign. Companies A and I and two other companies were selected to make a dangerous charge upon Buzzard's Roost, which was successfully done with but little loss, then shared in the battle at Dalton a few days later, having passed through Snake Creek Gap and from that point until the fall of Atlanta, September 1, the regiment was continually under fire. It was in the engagement at Resaca and as a part of Gen. J. C. Davis' division was at the capture of Rome, Ga. At the battle of Kenesaw ]\[ountain, the regiment held the extreme right of the Union forces and with fixed bayonet charged up nearly to the breast-works of the enemy in a vain effort to drive them from their strong position. A deadly cross fire of shot, shell and grape killed and disabled 1.50 out of less than 400 of the One Hundred and Twenty- first. All with few exceptions were killed or wounded in the open tield in front of the enemy's works, in about five minutes. Company A lost in this engagement John G. Perry, killed; 0. B. Cone mortally wounded, and Henry F. Jackson, F. B. Hargrove, L. A. N. Craig, Henry Coats, W. H. Goff, and Hiram Laughry, wounded. Company I lost, on the 20th, James Chap- man, killed; on the 22d, A. Drake and John Vanderau wounded, and on the 27th, Edward Phillips, Alexander Scott, I. N. Dillon, A. C. Rosecrans, E. Sager and A. S. Sprague killed ; P. A. Holycross, John Kuhlman, and Jeremiah Kirk, mortally wounded, and George Deland, J. Q. Converse, William H. Bonnett, A. W. Davis, Van Dix, Alexander Gandy, Wesley Hawn, George Holloway, Josiah Knight, C. P. Morse, H. Patch, Thomas Page, William R. Sherwood, H. Woods, David Rea, H. McVay, Lewis Ketch, John A. Wood, James A. Snod- grass, Daniel Cooperider, J. P. Goodrich and John Reed wounded. The two companies los- ing twelve killed and died of wounds, and thirty wounded. From the 9th of July until the 17th, the regi- ment was engaged on the banks of the Chat- tahoochie River ; on the 18th and 20th it routed the enemy and occupied his position at Peach Tree Creek, Company A losing two men — S. B. Cone and John JollifF — wounded in this engage- ment, and on the 22d joined its brigade and took position on the right of the National line, three miles from Atlanta. In the movement upon Jonesboro it took the advance, acting as skirmishers for the Second Division, leading the Fourteenth Corps. Capt. Henderson, of Company K, and John Cooperider, of Company I, were wounded in this battle, and John Ports, of Company A, killed. On the 2d of September Atlanta surrendered, and on the 6th the regiment went into camp near that city. The One Hundred and Twenty- first entered the Atlanta campaign with four hundred and twenty-eight non-commissioned officers and men, and eighteen commissioned officers. Four officers were killed and eight wounded. Twenty-two men were killed, two hundred and five wounded, and one captured. On the 29th of September, the regiment joined the expedition against Forrest's rebel cavalry, and having driven him across Tennes- see, into Alabama, returned, and marched in pursuit of Hood's army. On the 2d of October, Lieut. Col. Lawrence resigned, and on the 19th Col. Banning left the regiment, and the command devolved on A. B. Robinson, who had been promoted to Major and mustered on the 17th of September. Maj. Robinson was afterward promoted to Colonel, and commanded the regiment from the fall of Atlanta until the close of the war. Lieut. Cavis was transferred from Company A to Company I, and promoted C;ust 13, 1862, disc. May 13,1863. Swartz, John, e. August 15, 1862, disc. June 15, 1863. Snider, Jacob, e. August 13, 1862, disc. June, 1865. Skidmore, S. S., e. August 14, 1862. Shuler, D. V., e. August 20, 1862, disc. June 24, 1865. Strump, W. e. February 25, 1864, disc. June 8, 1866. Shade, William, e. August 12, 1862. Sparks, John, e. August 13, 1802, killed at Bentonville, N. r., March 20, 1865. Sparks, William G., e. August 13, 1862, disc. September 24, 1863, died at home, March 8, 1873. Thompson, C. A., e. August 15, 1862, died in hospital at Louisville, Ky., May 27, 1803. Taylor, James W., e. February 20, 1864, died in hos- pital at Atlanta, Ga., of wounds received near Atlanta, September 19, 1864. Taylor, Jeremiah, e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Van Sickle, 0. A., e. August 13, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Walters, Samuel, e. August 8, 1862, died October 3, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Walters, John, e. August 13, 1862, died at Camp Denni- son, Ohio, February 13, 1863. Walters, George W., e. August 9, 1802, died at Washing- ton, D. C, April 10, 1863. Walker, Isaac, e. August 12, 1862. Warner, I. 0., e. August 9,1802, disc. JHne,18e5, wounded at B.ntonville, N. C, March 19, 1865. Woodworth, J. C, e. August 12, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Weeks. Oliver W., e. A-igust 13, 1862, disc. January 14, 1804, wounded at Perryville, Ky. Tearsley, Nathan, e. August 12, 1802, disc. June 8, 1866, died at home in March, 1869. COMPANY B. Cline, Frederick, e. August 18, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Dial, Amos, e. August 12, 1802, died at Camp Chase, Ohio, 1804. COMPANY C. Second Lieut. F. T. Arthur, e. August 11, 1802, wounded at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1802, disc. April 23, 1863. Sergt. Nelson Adair, e. August 22, 1862, disc. May 11, 1805. Taken prisoner at CampDellville, Ky. Died at home. Sergt. Daniel Duvall, e. August [20, 1862, disc. June 8, 1805. Sergt. T. W. Martin, e. August 22, 1862, disc. January, 1863. Sergt. David Swartz, e. August 14, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Sergt. Abner Said, e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 27, 1865. Wounded. Corp. Robert M. Cooper, e. August 16. 1862, taken pris- oner at Milledgeville, Ga., December 3, 1864, disc. June 20, 1865. Corp. E. B. Manville, e. August 14, 1862, disc. January 23, 1805. Died at home. Corp. J. B. F. Smart, e. August 18, 1862, disc. February 6, 1863. Allen, A. B., e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Chick- amauga, Ga., September 20, 1803, and died in Libby Prison. Black, Henry, e. April 1, 1864, wounded at Bentonville, N. C, March 20, 1865, disc. May 18, 1805. Transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volut.teer Infantry. Brown, Wilson, e. February 5, 1804, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1805, disc. June 8, 1805. Brown, George W., e. February 4, 1864, transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. August 15, 1805. Died at home. Brown, Elijah, e. August 15, 18(i3, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1804, disc. June 8, 1805. Brown, E. W., e. August 15. 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Carr, William C, e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Canan, C. E., e. December 21, 1863, disc. August 15, 1865. Transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Crego, Judson, e. August 10, 1863, disc. February 0, 1863. Doolen, G. A., e. August 14, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Estep, John, e. August 22, 1862. E.-tep, Levi, e. February 5, 1864, died at Big Shanty, Ga., July 17, 1864. Fish, Solomon, e. August 14, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Cap- tured the flag of the Twenty-second Alabama Regi- ment at the battle of Chickamauga, Ga. Guy, Harrison, e. August 22, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Wounded. Guy, Joseph, e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 8, 1805. Tak- en prisoner at CampboUville, Ky. Hinton, John, e. February 4, 1864, disc. August 15, 1865. Transferred to Sixty -ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Hill, William A., e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Jones, William T., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Joslin, William, e. August 22, 1862. Kirkland, "William, e. August 18. 1862. Mclntire, George, e. March 1, 1864, disc. June 8, 1865. Transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Mummy, Daniel, e. February 15, 1864, killed at Benton- ville, N. C, March 19, 1865. Moody, William H. Killed. Norris, William, e. August 16, 1862, transferred to Invalid Corps March 5, 1863. Bittenhouse, James, e. August 8, 1862, disc. June 27, 1865. Kittenhouse, J. II., e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Wilcox, Albert, e. August 18, 1862, disc. 1863. Missing- supposed to have been drowned in the Cumberland River. Wilcox, Almiron, e. February 26, 1803, died at Big Shan- ty, Ga., July 17, 1804. Wells, George M., e. Februarv 16, 1864, disc. August 16, 1865. Wounded at Peach free Creek, Ga. Weaver, John H., e. August 18, 1862, disc. June 8, 1866. Captured a rebel sword in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga. COMPANY D. Bowersmith, J., e. 1864, disc. 1864. Warren, A., e. April, 1864, disc. September, 1865. COMPANY E. Dean, Jesse M., e. August, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. COMPANY F. Capt. 0. M. Scott, e September 11, 1802, wounded at Ben- tonville, N. C, March 20, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Mores, Martin, e. August 22, 1802. COMPANY G. Crider, Abraham, e. December 28, 1863. Iiied. 508 UNION COUNTY COMPANY H. Corri. William Layton, e. August 12, 1862, disc. May 29, 1863. Died at home in 1S7U. Baker, B., e. August 17, 1862, transferred to Veteran Corps January 10, 1865, disc. August 15, 1865. Rochell, S. S. COMPANIES I AND A. Capt. Charles P. Oavis, e. September 17, 1862, died April 6, 1865, of wounds received Mai-ch 19, 1865, at Beuton- ville, N. C. Commissioned First Lieutenant March 31, 1864, and Captain October 19, 1864. COMPANY I. Capt. Daniel Glllson, e. August 13, 1802, disc. June 8 1865. Capt. A. B. Robinson. Promoted to Major August 29, 1864. Promoted to Lieutenent Colonel January 28, 1865. Promoted to Colonel May 18, 1865. First Lieut. William F. Barr, e. September 4, 1862. On detached duty. First Lieut. A. A. Dockum, e. August 16, 1862, resigned April 6, 1863, died at home March 20, 1864. First Lieut. W. J. White, e. August 18, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Second Lieut. Robert F. Fleming, e. December 29, 1862, Killed at Ohickamauga, Ga., September 26, 1863. Second Lieut. Joseph White, e. August 22, 1802, killed at Chaplin Hill, Ky., October 8, 1862. Sergt. R. S. Bonnett, e. September 21, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Sergt. J. Q. Converse, e. August 10, 1802, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. June 8, 1865. Sergt. George Deland, e. August 10, 1862, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20,1863, and at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. February 24, 1865. Sergt. A. R. Gage, e. August 21, 1862, wounded at Chick- amauga, September 20, 1863, promoted to First Lieu- tenant April 20, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Sergt. D. R. Harper, e. August 16, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Sergt. Marshall Morris, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Perryville, Ky., October, 1862, disc. May 1, 1865. Sergt. xNorton Scott, e. August 22, 1862, disc. May 9 1863. Sergt. L. B. White, e. August 22, 1862, transferred to In- valid Corps January 15, 1864, disc. July 1, 1865. Sergt. John A. Woods, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, and November 26, 1864, disc. June 8, 186.^. Corp. John W. Bryan, e. August 3, 1862, wounded at At- lanta, Ga., August 16, 1864, and at Chickamauga Sep- tember 20, 1863, disc. June 8, 1865. Corp. C. G. Eirich, e. August 18, 1862, disc. March 20, 1863. Corp. J. M. Fooks, e. August 18, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Corp. John S. Gill, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Chick- amauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, disc. June 8, 1865. Corp. P. A. Holycross, e. August 9, 1802, died August 5, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Corp. Lewis Johnson, e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Corp. John P. Kritline, e. August 16, 1862. Never mus- tered in. Corp. George Lockhart, e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., October, 1862, disc. January 24,1864. Corp. Charles P. Morse, e. February 22, 1864, wounded at Kenetaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1804, transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1805. Corp. S. McBratney, e. August 22, 1802, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1803, disc June 8, 1805. Corp. George H. Reed, e. August 10, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Corp. Alexander Scott, f. August 22 1862, killed at Ken- esaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Corp. B. H. White, e. August 22, 1862, wounded and tak- en prisoner at Chickamauga, Ga., September, 1863, disc. June 8, 1865. Musician H. A. Chapman, e. August 16, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Musician George Harris, e. August 16, 1862, disc. Febru- ary 2, 1863. Wounded. Hospital Steward Beverly W. Keyes, e. September U, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Bonnett, William H., e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain Juno 27, 1804, disc. March 4, 1865. Bailey, John P., e. August 16, 1802, wounded at Perry- ville, Ky., October 8, 1862, transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry January 2, 1803, disc. March 5, 1 803. Brannan, John, e. August 22, 1802, taken prisoner at Perryville, Ky., died at home Januarv 20, 1803. Brown, Isaac, e. August 22, 1802, disc. June 8, 1805. Brown, J. M., e. August 16, 1802, disc. June 8, 1865. Brown, Josiah, e. August 22, 1802. Transferred to En- gineers' Department. Beedle, J. M., e. August 22, 1862, promoted to Corporal December 24, 1862, disc. September 10, 1863. Burrows, \V. E., e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Campbellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862, disc. October 20, 1863. Burrows, W. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Beahm, Gotleib, e. August 19, 1862, died in hospital at Perryville, Ky., November 8, 1862. Bonham, Leet, e. August 22, 1862, died at Lebanon, Ky., February 11, 1863. Chapman, James H., e. August 22, 1862, killed at Kene- saw Mountain, Ga., June 20, 1864. Cooperider, John, e. August 16, 1862, wounded at Jones- boro, Ga., September 1, 1864. Coopeiider, Daniel, e. August 16, 1862, wounded at Ken- esaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. June 8, 1865. Carpenter, Harrison, e. August 2i, 1862, killed at Chick- amauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Courtright, W. George, e. August 22, 1862, died in hospi- tal at^Perryville, Ky., November 17, 1802. Cockran, Thomas, e. August 22, 1802, disc. September 10, 1803. Drake, Abraham, e. November 24, 1863, wounded at Ken- esaw Mountain, June 27, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865. Dean, A. H., e. November 24, 1862, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., August 23, 1804, transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1805, disc. July 25, 1865. Dillon, I. N., e. November 24, 1863, killed at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864. Debolt, G. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. April 27, 1863. Dix, Vane, e. Febru.ary 19, 1864, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. February 2, 1805. Dunn, James, e. February 13, 1864, wounded at Benton- ville, N. C, March 19, 1865, arm amputated, disc. July 17, 1865. Transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Davis, A.'H., e. November 24, 1863, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 28, 1865. Freet, William, e. August 16, 1862. Never mustered in. Ford, J. W., e. August 16, 1862, disc. March 2, 1863. Gandy, Alexander, e. August 22, 1802, taken prisoner October 8, 1862, at Perryville, Ky., wounded June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain. Graves, L. P., e. August 22, 1862, disc. January 8, 1863. Goodrich, J. P., e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1804, disc. September 11, 1805. Hildreth, B. P., e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Perry- ville, Ky., October 8, 1862, disc. April 15, 1803. HoUoway, George, e. February 20, 1864, wounded at Ken- esaw Mountain June 27, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Inlantry June 2, 1865, disc. June 2, 1805. Huber, Henry, e. August 22, 1862, disc. March 27, 1863. Hawn, B. W., e. J:inuary, 1864, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. July 17, 1865 Harper, Seaton, e. February 16, 1864, transferred to Six- ty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. July 17, 1805. Harper, A. J., e. August 22, 1802, disc. June 8, 1805. Ilawley, V. D., e. August 18, 1802, died in hospital at Bardstown, Ky., November 20, 18t 2. Harden, James, e. August 16, 1862, died of wounds re- ceived at Chickamauga, Ga., September 28, 1863. Hawley, H. S., e. August 18, 1862, died at Louisville, Ky., January 9, 1863. Holycross, T. J., e. August 16, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Holycross, J. K., e. August 10, 1862, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., August 6, 1804, disc. June 8, 1805. Ireland, Levi, e. August 22, 1802, died at Quincy, 111., March 24, 1863. Jones, Henry T., e. August 22, 1862, disc. November 24, 1863. Ketch, Lewis J., e. February 22,1864, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864, killed at Atlanta, Ga., August 6, 1864. Kahline, Fred, e. August 16, 1862, disc. April 22, 1863. MILITARY RECORD. 609 Knight, J. J., e. February 29, 1864, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 18(34, transferred to Veteran Keserve Corps January 28, 1865. Kirk, Jeremlab, e. August 22, 1862, died July 21, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received June 27, 1864, at Kenesiw Mountain, Ga. Kuhlman, John, e. August 18, 1862, died July 18, 1864, at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received June 27, 1864, at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. liucas, J. M., e. August 21, 1862, taken prisoner at Perry- ville, Kv., October 2, 1862, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, disc. June 8, 1865. Lamme, B. J., e. August 16, 1862, disc. March 30, 1863. League, James, e. August 16, 1862, died in hospital at Lebanon, Ky., January 4, 1863. McVey, H. W., e. December 7, 1863, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, ti'ansferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865. McCrab, James, e. August 22, 1862. McClaskey, F. M., e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Carapbellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862, disc. June 8, 18G5. McNier, William, e. August 16, 1862, taken prisoner at Campl)ellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Miller, 0. B., e. November 24, 1863, killed at Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1865. Morse, ('. P. Orahood, John, e. February 9, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Orahood, Aaron, e. February 9, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Orahood, A. J., e. January 1, 1864, transferred to Sixty- ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Orr, Abraham, e. August 22, 1862, disc. March 3, 1863. Patch, Eslie, e. August 16, 1862, taken prisoner at Chap- lin Hill, Ky., October, 1862, disc. June 8, 18G5. Patch, Harman, e. August,16, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, transferred to Vetejan Keserve Corps January 28, 1865. Philips, Edward, e. August 21, 1862, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Page, Thomas S., e. June, 1862, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, and i.t Kenesaw Mount- ain, Gi., June 27, 1864, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 28, 1865, disc. July 1, 1865. Pierce, D. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1864. Parthemore, E., e. August 16, 1862, disc. April 13, 1863. Rea, D. A., e. November 24, 1863, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864, transferred to Sixty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865, disc. July 17, 1865. RosecraHB, A. E., e. August 26, 1864, killed at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864. Rupright, John G., e. August 18, 1862, wounded at Chick- amauga September 20, 1863, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps April 16, 1864. Reed, Hiram, e. August 19, 1862, disc. December 10, 1863. Reed, John, e. November 24, 1863, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864, disc. May 19, 1865. Romine, J. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Taken prisoner at Campbellsville. Snider, Martin, e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Campbellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Scott, William E., e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Scott, Ross, e. August 22, 1862, disc. January 8, 1865. Simpson, J. M., e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Campbellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862. Simpson, Oliver, e. August 22, 1862, taken prisoner at Campbellsville, Ky., December 31, 1862. Sager, Edwin, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, killed at Kene.^aw Mountain June 27, 1864. Sprague, E. B., e. August 7, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Sprague, S. W., e. August 22, 1862, disc. February 5, A863. Sprague, A. S., e. August 7, 1862, taken prisoner at Campbellsville, Ky., killed at Kenesaw Mountain June 27, 1864. Snodgrass, J. A., e. August 16, 1862, wounded at Kene- saw Monntain, Ga., June 27, 1864, promoted to Cor- poral October 31, 1863, disc. June 8, 1865. Spindler, Joseph, e. August 16, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Scheiderer, C. G., e. August 18, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Sherwood, William R., e. August 22,1861, taken prison- er at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862, wounded at Ken- esaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. March 14, 1865. Stithum, J. N. Trout, Abraham, e. August 22, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Twiford, T. S., e. August 22, 1862. Transferred to Vete- ran Reserve Corps. Vanderau, Philip, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Ben- tonville, N. C, March 19, I860, disc. June 8, 1865. Vanderau, John, e. August 18, 1862, wounded at Perry- ville, Ky , October, 1862, and at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, promoted to Corporal February 27, 1865, disc. June 8, 1865. Woods, H. P., e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 28, 1865. Wigle, Cyrus, e. August 18, 1862, disc. March 27, 1863. W'olfotd, W. E., e. August 16,1862, disc. March 14, 1863. Wolford, P. W., e. August 16, 1862, disc. June 8, 1865. Hardee, Owen (colored cook), e. August 26, 1863, trans- ferred to Sixty-tinth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865. COMPANY K. Fletcher, John, e. August 22, 1862, disc. May 4, 1863. Reid, John, e. 1864, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 1864, disc. June 8, 1865. Stradner, E. (colored cook), e. September 1, 1863, trans- ferred to fixty-niuth Ohio Volunteer Infantry June 2, 1865. ONE HCXDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND OHIO IN- FANTRY. This regiment was organized in October, 1862, under Col. William H. Ball. It served in AVest Virginia until .January, 1863, then moved east and operated in the Shenandoah Valley. It joined in the pursuit of Lee in his retreat from Gettysburg, took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Petersburg, Win- chester and Cedar Creek, and was present at the surrender of Lee. After the review at Washington, the One Hundred and Twenty- second was mustered out, on the 9th of July, 1865. COMPANY C. Innskeep, H. M., e. May, 1862, disc. October, 1862. COMPANY G. Cassidy, William, e. August, 1862, wounded at Wilder- ness Run, disc. I861. Cassidy, George, e. August, 1862, wounded at Winches- ter, Va. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH OHIO INFAN- TRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio was organized in October, 1862, under Col. Emer- son Opdycke. It took a prominent part in the battles of Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, then marched to the relief of Knoxville. It joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign and par- ticipated in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Lost Mountain and Kenesaw Mount- ain. After the fall of Atlanta, it followed Hood to Nashville, took part in the battle of Frank- lin and in the pursuit south. In June, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Texas, and was there mustered out September 25, 1865. COMPANY F. Yoder, Alexander, e. October, 1862, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September, 1863, disc. 1865. 510 UNION COUNTY ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH OHIO INFAKTRY. This regiment wrs organized September 4, 1862, under Col. Benjamin F. Smith. It operated in Virginia under Grant, took part in the battles of Snicker's Gap, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, the Wilderness and Petersburg; then joined in the pursuit of Lee. It was mustered out June 25, 1865. COMPANY H. Slemraons, John P., e. August 22, 1862, disc. May, 1865, wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, Va., May 6, 18C4. Toung, M. C, died. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio was organized during the winter of 1863-'64, and although a three year.s' organization, and ready for any emergency or service, it was chiefly occupied within the borders of the State at the frontier posts of Johnson's Island and Sandusky. It was mustered out July 17, 1865. COMPANY C. Carson, SaHuel, e. May 1, 1862, disc. 186.5. Corp. Thomas Cody, e. October, 1863, disc. November, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH OHIO IN- FANTRY. This regiment was organized August 10, 1863, under Col. II. D. John, for six months' service, and immediately started for Camp Nelson, Ky., where it was brigaded with the Eighty-sixth Ohio, another six months' regi- ment, the Twenty-second Ohio Battery, and a regiment of Tennessee mounted infantry, and placed under command of Col. De Courcy, of the Sixteenth Ohio. The brigade thus formed was incorporated with the Ninth Army Corps, and, on the 20th of August, left camp Nelson for Cumberland Gap, where it arrived on the morning of the 8th of September. The place was thus completely invested, Gen. Burnside having simultaneously appeared with a force on the southeastern side. As our forces ap- peared before the main fort in regular line of battle, the rebels saluted them with three shells, but without damage. This was all the resist- ance made to the National advance, excepting from the pickets as they were driven into the intrenchments. A formal demand being made by the National commander for the surrender of the post, Gen. Frazier at once acceded, and the whole garrison fell into our hands, with the exception of a small force of cavalry. The fruits of this bloodless victory were over two thousand two hundred prisoners, fourteen pieces of artillery, and a large amount of war material of all kinds. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio remained at the Gap, en- gaged in foraging, scouting, picket duty, etc., until the 1st of December, when it was ordered to move at daylight, receiving but two hours' notice. The regiment marched throMgh Taze- well, and in the direction of Clinch River, which was reached next day at the point where the Knoxville road crosses that stream. At this point a sharp engagement was in progress with a division of Longstreet's corps. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was led into this engagement, and acquitted themselves in a creditable manner. From the 2d until the last of December, the regiment was kept c:n- stantly moving along the line of Clinch River watching the enemy, and occasionally skirmish- ing with him. From Tazewell the regiment returned to the Gap, where it remained until the beginning of February; then it started for Camp Nelson. From there it proceeded to Ohio, and was mustered out by companies dur- ing the month of March. 1864. A detachment of fifteen or twenty men were recruited in Union County by W. H. Robinson, and was assigned to Company G, of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio. When the company organized, William H. Robinson was elected Second Lieutenant, and C. L. Robinson was appointed Sergeant. COM PANT A. Biddle, Charles, e. January 12, 1864, disc. February 1, 1864. COMPANY C. Rittenhouse, J. H., e. August 8, 1863. COMPANY G. Second Lieut. William H. Robinson, e. July 20, 1863, disc . March 8, 1864. Sergeant C. L. Robinson, e. July 21, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Corporal J. H. Johnson e. July 21, 1863, died at Cumber- land Gap, Va., February 19, 1864. Corporal Ormill Pyers, e. July 21, 1863. Cody. Thomas, e. July 21, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Easterday, George, e. July 21, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Gilchrist, Austin, e. July 22, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Hyde, Thomas 1$., e. July 21, 1»63, dine. March 8, 1864. Harris, Samuel e. July 24, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Harris, Andrew, e. July 24, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Williams, C. C, e. July 21, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. Worley, David, e. .luly 21, 1863, disc. March 8, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIRST OHIO NATIONAL GUARDS. The One Hundred and Thirty-first Ohio was organized in May, 1864. under Col. John G. Lowe. It reported to Brig. Gen. Morris, at Baltimore, and was .assigned to garrison duty at Forts McIIenry, Marshall and Federal Hill. It was mustered out August 25, 1864. COMPANY D. Cranston, James, e. May 2,1864, disc. September, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SECOND OHIO NA- TIONAL GUARDS. This regiment was organized in May, 1864, under Col. Joel Haines. During its term of service it performed fatigue and picket duty at White House and Bermuda Hundred, and was mustered out on the 27th of August, 1864. COMPANY F. Wharton, C. H., e. May 2, 1864. Died at Hamdon Hos- pital, September 10, 1864. MILITARY RECORD. 611 COMPANY G. Corp. Ralph Moffitt, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 10, 1864. COMPANY I. Gordon, J. R., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 18, 1864. COMPANY K. Corp. John B. Cowgill, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 10, 1864. Bishop, 0. 0., e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septembar 10, 1864. Palmer, William H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 10, 1864. Stokes, Oliver P., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 10, 1864. Warner, Miller, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 10, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD OHIO NATIONAL GUARDS. This regiment was mustered into the service May 6, 1864, under Col. Gusfavus L. Innis. It was ordered to Bermuda Hundred, where it operated about Petersburg until July 17, then moved to Fort Powhatan. The regiment re- turned to Ohio and was mustered out August 20, 1864. COMPANY B. Berger, S. R., e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. COMPANY D. Bulen, W. W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. COMPANY E. Sergt. E. P. Churchman, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. Taniels, M. N., e. May 2, 18G4, disc. April 20, 1865. Died. COMPANY K. Copelin, 0. D., e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. Evans, B. W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FOURTH OHIO NA- TIONAL OUARDS. The One Hundred and Thirty-fourth was organized May 6, 1864, for 100 days' service, under Col. James B. Armstrong. It moved to Virginia, participated in the engagement at Port Walthall, and formed a pan of the ad- vance line operating on Richmond. It was mustered out August 31, 1864. COMPANY A. Piersol, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. COMPANY D. Second Lieut. William H. Loveless, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. Bur'nham, Ralph, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. Irwin, Francis, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. Lincoln, C. P., e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. Martin, Lawrence, e. May 2, 1864, wounded at Peters- Imrg, Va., June 27, 1864, disc. August 31, 18C4. Mcllvane, James, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. Reams, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. COMPANY F. Moffitt, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. ONK HUNDRED AND THIRTY-FIFTH OHIO NATION- AL GUARDS. This regiment was organized in May, 1864, uiiiier Col. Andrew Legg. and was ordered to guard the Baltimore & Oliio Railroad. A part of the regiment at North Mountain was rap- tured and sent to Andersonville prison. Only about one-half lived to return. The remain- der of the regiment operated about Harper's Ferry until its term of service had expired, and was mustered out September 1, 1864. COMPANY B. Belt, Benjamin, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Park, T. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY D. Stewart, J. J., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, wounded at Highland Heights. COMPANY r. Hatch, J. T., e. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY H. Musician James Bird, e. May 2, 1864. Died at Harper's Ferry, Va. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARDS. This regiment was organized at Columbus on the 13th of May, 1864, for 100 days' service, under Col. Smith Irwin. It at once moved to Washington City, where it performed garrison duty until the expiration of its term of service. The regiment was mustered out on the 30th of August, having lost from disease two officers and twenty-three men. The One Hundred and Thirty-sixth drew three full companies from Union County, viz.: Companies D, II and K. Company D was mustered in with L. D. Norveil as Captain ; James Briggs, First Lieu- tenant and James Smith, Second Lieutenant. Company H, with Charles Fullington as Captain; J. B. Richey, First Lieutenant and A. D. Reed, Second Lieutenant. Company K, A. B. Parmeter as Captain; Samuel McAUiater, First Lieutenant, and B. J. Lamme, Second Lieutenant. Eight of the 274 men from Union County, who enlisted in this regiment, died at the hos- pitals. Surgeon Aaron Boylan, e. May 11,1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY A. Rhoads, M. J., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Rhoads, H. J., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Walke, Isaac, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY B. Sergt. William Powers, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Brown, William H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1 , 1864. Holycross, S. B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Kent, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Rea, .Joseph W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Smith, Reuben I., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Smith, W. S , e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Schade, B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septenilier 1, 1864. Valentine, James F., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY D. Capt. D. L. Norveil, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. First Lieut. James Biggg, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Second Lieut. James Smith, e. May 2, 1864. Died at Alexander Va., September 1, 1864. Sergt. Theodore L. Wiswell, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Sergt. Daniel T. Paul, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, Sergt. David S. Al)bott, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. 512 UNIOJ^ COUNTY Sergt. Stephen Shirk, e. May 2, 186-1, disc. September 1, 1864. Sergt. William R. Cranston, e. May 2, 1864. Died at Alexandria, Va., August 21, 1864. Corp. Isarel Carter, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. S. Drake, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Curp. E. Lockwood, e. May 2, 1S64, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. Benjamin Rochell, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Corp. Charles W. Smith, e, May 2,1864, disc. September 1, 1^64. Corp. A. Warner, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. David T. Wilkins e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Musician George W. Suddutb, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Sep- tember 1, 1864. Musician Timothy Middleton, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Sep- tember 1, 1864. Wagoner S. J. Sterling, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Argo, David, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Bowen, Lewis, e. May 2, 1864. Died in hospital at Alex- andria, Va. Brooks, Nathaniel, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Brillhart, Abraham, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Brown, William H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Brake, Elon, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septi-mber 1, 1864. Brigham. Putman, e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Ballinger, Lemuel, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Berrj', Preston, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Brown, Lewis, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Brown, John C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Basel, Adam, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Cranston, James, e.May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Converse, Samuel L., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Cratty, William P., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Christ, A. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Drake, A. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Dillon, A. H., e. May 2, 1864, itisc. September 1, 1864. Dobbins, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Evans, Joseph P., e. May 2, 1804. dis •. September 1, 1864. Fox, George W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Flickinger, Harvey, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Gleason, N, R.. e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Green, Robert B., May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Hosack, John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Hosack, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Hollowiiy, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Herd, William H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Herd, Hiram !>., e. May 2. 1864. disc. September 1, 1804. Herington, D. H., e. May 2. 1864, disc, September 1, 1804. Herington, 0. E., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Jackson, William F., e. May'ii, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Jenkins, Isaiah, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Jones, Andrew K., e. Slay 2, 1804, died near Washington, D. C, September 1, 1864. Johnson, Griffin, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Konkle, Abraham, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1,1861. Licber, John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Lockwood, Oliver, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Lockwood, D. B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. S.piember 1, 1864. Lockwood, I. 0., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Maris, Jesse, e. May 2, 1864, di^c, September 1, 1864. Middleton, D. W., o. May 2, 1864, di-c. September 1, 1864. Myers, Michael, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McCrary, William T., e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Newland, Isaac, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Norviel, Joshua, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Perkins, William, e. Jlay 2, ISOt, disc. September 1,1804. Perkins, Michael, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Keynidds, V., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Ralston, .John, e. May 2, 1864, di'-d in Hospital at Alex- dria, Va., August, 1864. Sevryn, Jiimes Y., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1. 186J. Smith, Harvey, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Smith, Calvin, e. May" 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Smith, James W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Smith, Robert B., e. May 2, 1804, disc, Sejitember 1, 1864, Scott, Gabriel, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Shirk, John H., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 18()4. Shirk. John, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Stults, Henry N., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Spanks, Charles F., e. May 2, 1804, died at Washington, D. C, September I, 1864. Smith, James, e. May 2, 1804, disc. August 11, 1804. Taylor, James, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1(^04. Thompson, M., e. May 2, ISOI, disc. September 1, 1804. Thompson, George F., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Thompson, D. W., e. May 2, 1861, di-io. September 1, 1864, Turner, Fjanklin,e. May 2, 1864, disc. September i, 1864. Wilson, John F., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Wood, John, p. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Wheeler, T. J., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Wells, Elisha, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. COMPANY F. Hoover, Samuel, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804, died October 14, 1873. McCrackin, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1 , 1864. COMPANY a. Davis, T. J. e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. COMPANY H. Capt. Charles FuUington, e. May 2, 1804, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1804. First Lieut. J. B. llitchey, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Second Lieut. A. D. Reed, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1804. Sergt. French Garwood, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Sergt. Isaac Marsh, e. May 2, 1802, disc. September 1, 1864. Sergt. W. Q. Porter, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1 , 1804. Sergt. William M. Winget, e. May 2, 1804, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Sergt. Wilson Young, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. Aaron Boylan, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septembtr 1, 1864. Corp. Joseph Davis, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1 1864. Corp. O. Griswold, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. J. Hammond, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. Joseph Haltsman. e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Corp. V. G. Hush, e. May 2, 1864, disc .September 1, 1864. Corp. Harrison Miller, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864 Corp. Owen Wilber, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Musician W. C. Burrows, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Musician C. B. Holycross, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Musician S. M. Richmond, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Watroner Thomas Reed, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Burnham, H. (;., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804, died at home, December 15, 1804. Beck, 0. J., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Beck, Thomas M.", e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Bland, Peter, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Blake, N. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. BlaUe, Moses, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Burrows, L. K., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Battees, J. C., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Blackburn, J. N., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Child, L. B , e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Cassil, James, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Seprember 1, 1864. Carter, John W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Doty, J. M., e. Jlay 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Davis, Alexander, e. May 2, 1804, di:*c. September 1, 1861. Davis, Geo'ge, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septi-mber 1, 1864. Elliott, J. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Foote, E. B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Flowers, John, e. May 2, 1864 disc. September 1, 1864. Freshwater, A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Freshwater, R., e. Blay 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1804. Gill, W. M., e. May 2,"l804, disc. September 1, 1804. Graham, F. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Graham, Christian, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September I, 1864 Graham, Phineas, e. May 2, 18f.4, disc. September 1, 1864. Hopkins, Asa, e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. MILITARY RECORD. 613 Haney, J., e. May 2, 186t, disc. September 1, 1864. Hathaway, Benjamin, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Hallbrook, Jacob, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Hunt, B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1804. Hendei-flon, G. D , e. 3Iay 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Irwin, S. L., e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Irwin, Robert, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Irwin, Thomas, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Jenkins, J. H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Leonard, M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, died September 11, 1877. Lane, Isaiah, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Longbrake, G. W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McGinnis, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McClound, James, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McGill, Timotliy, e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McWilliams, Robert, 6. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Moody, Andrew, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1. 1864. Marsh, E. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Morse, R. G., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Mears, J. W., e. May 2, 1864. disc. September 1, 1864. Phipps, A. W., e. May 2, 1864. di.sc. September 1, 1864. Peck, J. D., e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septemlier 1, 1864. Russell, J., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Richey, .1. li., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Reed, Allen, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Reed, William M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Robinson, W. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Robinson, W. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Ryan, Nathaniel, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septeml)er 1, 1864. Rodgers. J. H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1. 1864. Suthwick, R., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Snodgrass, Silas, e. May 2, 1861, disc. September 1, 1864. Smith, A., e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Stewart, A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Strieker, T. H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Wilber, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Wilber, Edward, e. May 2,1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Williams. John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1S64. Walk, Isaac, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Walk. Cornelius, e. Mav 2, 18G4, disc. September 1, 1864. Wilkins, B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Wright, G. W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Young, Wilson, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. COMPANY K. Capt. A. B. Parmeter, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. First Lieut. Samuel McAllister, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1. 1864. Second Lieut. B. J. Lamme, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Sergt. William B. Dunfee, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Sergt William Green, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Sergt. James Guy, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Sergt. W. F. H. Pennington, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Corp. J. L. Adams, e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. T. G. Case, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp Isaac D. Mapes, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp David McCune, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp John T. McCullough, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1864. Corp. B. B. McGowen, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. Reuben Savage, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Corp. Georae W. Stephens, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septem- ber 1, 18U4. Musician George R. Anderson, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Sep- tember 1, 1864. Musician William K. Baxter, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Sep- tember 1, 1864. Wagoner Edward Adams, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Allen, James P., e May 2, 1864, disc. Sept' mber 1, 1864. Bailey, John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Bailey, William L , e. Mav 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Bidwell, Joseph, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1864. Bowers, John W., e. May 2, 1804, disc. September 1, 1864. Britton, Warren, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Barnes, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Case, P. A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Chapman, James F., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Cooperider, E., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Conklin, J. S., e. May 2 1864, disc. Sentember 1. 1864. Croy, William W., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Croy, James R., e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Carpenter, Jesse R., e. Mav 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Duvall, Hamlet, e. May 2, 1864, died September 1, 1864. Dockum, L. A., e. Mav 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Dull, Francis W., e. May 2, 1864, dis. September 1. 1864. Douglas, John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Guy, John, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Guy, Marshall, e. May 2, 1864, ^isc. September 1, 1864 Guy, James A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1861. Hoffman, George W., e. Mav 2, 1864, disc. September 1 , 1864. Holycross, A. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Holycross. S. B., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Harris, William, e. May 2,1864, disc. September 1, 1^64. Kei.t, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Kent, Marion, e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Kahler, Henry, e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Lockwood, D. A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1. 1864. La Rue, James, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Mitchell, Elijah, e. Mav 2, 1864, disc September 1, 1864. Mitchell, E. D., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, Mapes, Edward, e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1861 Martin. William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Miller, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, McCnne, Zachariah, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McCullough. H. 0., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. McCloud, J. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. McFarland, John. e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Neff, Henrv, e. May 2,1864,di.sc September 1, 1864, Nunemaker.S. S., e. May 2, 1864, disc, September 1, 1864. Polen, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 181.5. Preston, M. A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Robinson, James C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. Septemtier 1, 1865. Rittenhouse,T. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Ruehlen, Jacob, e May 2, 1864, disc. September 1,1865, Ralston, John C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Skeels, S. M., e. Mav 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Scott, J. M., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Slattry, Patrick, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865 Sager, David, e. May 2", 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Tarpening, Ira, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1865. Van Gordon, S. T., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Wilcox, William, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1. 1864. Walke, George, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Windall, Jacob, e. May 2, 1864. disc. September 1, 1864, Windall, J. H., e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, Warner, Isaac H., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1 864. Wolford, John H., e. Mav 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Worthington, J. K., e. May 2. 1864, disc. September 1, 1864. Welsh, L. A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September I, 1864. Wolford, D. C, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Wilkins, Charles, e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864 Wilkins, L. A., e. May 2, 1864, disc. September 1, 1864, ONE HlIi\M>RED AND FORTY-FIR.ST OHIO N.^TION.AL GITAED. This regiment was organized May 11, 1864, under Col. Anderson L. Jaynes. It reported at Charleston, W. Va., and was ordered to guard the line from Guyandotte to Charleston. It remained on this line until the expiration of its term of service, when it returned to Ohio, and was mustered out September 3, 1864. COMPANY E, Cherington, T. J., e. May 11, 1864, disc. September 3, 1864. 614 UNION COUNTY ONE HUNDRED AND FORTYSECOND OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. ! This regiment was organized Jlay 12, 1864, under Col. William C. Cooper. After operating near Washington City until June 5, it was or- ■ dered to the front to guard supply trains t through the Wilderness It served in front of Petersburg until August 19, when it was or- I dered home, and was mustered out September : 2, 1864. COMPANY O. Nash, C. e. May 11, 1864, disc. September 3, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FOURTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized May 11, 1864, under Col. Samuel H. Hunt. It reported to Gen. Morris, at Fort McHenry. A portion of the regiment was in the engagement at Mo- nocacy Junction, and suffered severely. In July, it moved toward the Shenandoah Valley, and on the IBth of August was attacked by the en- emy while guarding a train at Berryville, Va. It was mustered out August 31, 1864. COMPANY B. Moody, Robert, e. May 11, 1864, killed at Murfreesboro Tenn. COMPANY F. McXeal, J. I., e. May 11, 1864, disc. August 31, 1864. OXE HtrNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized May 10, 1864, under Col. Henry C. Ashwell. It reported to Gen. Augur, at Washington, and was assigned as Garrison for the southern defenses of that city, on Arlington Heights. It was mustered out August 23, 1864. COMPANY A. First Lieut. Hugh J. Pnrry, e. May 10, 1864, disc. August 23, 1864. Dilsdvor, George T., e. May 10, 1864, disc. August 23, 1864. Powell, Joseph, e. May lf», 1864, disc. August 23, 1864. Stults, C , e. May 10. 1864, disc. August 23, 1864. Williams, T. J., e. May 10, 1864, disc. August 23, 1864. COMPANY D. Riley, J„ e. May 10, 1864, disc. August 23, 1864 . COMPANY K. Bowersmith, .lacob, e. Blay Ul, 1864, disc. August 23,1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SIXTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized in May, 1864, under Col. Harvey Crampton. It performed garrison duty it Fayetteville until the expira- tion of its term of service. It was mustered out September 7, 18i')4. COMPANY G. Loudvs, William, o. May 11, 1864, disc. September 7, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-EIGHTH OHIO NATONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized May 18, 1864, under Col. Thomas W. Moore. It served un- der Gen. Butler at Bermuda Hundred and at City Point until the last of August, when it returned to Ohio, and was mustered out Sep- tember 14, 1864. COMPANY E. Wilcox, J. W., 8. June 1, 1864, disc September 14, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized May 9, 18^i4, under Col. Robert Stevenson. During its term of service it operated in the vicinity of New Creek and Greenland Gap, Va. It was mus- tered out on the 1st of September, 1864. COMPANY C. Randall, J. H., e. May 9, 1864, disc. September^l, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-NINTH OHIO NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment was organized May 11, 1864, under Col. Lyman J. Jackson. It reported to Gen. Lew Wallace, and was assign»d to the northern defenses of Baltimore. A portion of the regiment was mouiued, and took an active part at Monocacy. It was mu'^tere*! out Au- gust 24, 1864. COMPANY D. Flesher, George W., e. May 11,1864, disc. August 17, 1864. COMPANY G. Moore, W. W., e May 11, 1864, disc. August 17, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-THIRD OHIO NATIONAL GUARD, This regiment was organized May 12, 1864, under Col. Hiram Miller, It served at Wash ington until June 8, when it move NATIONAL GUARD. This regiment wUs organized May 7, 1864. under Col. Joel F. Asper. It was engaged in guard and fatigue duty at Johnson's Island ^>^^^^^'^<^^^=^^^ ^^ MILITARY RECORD. 517 until June 9, when it moved to Kentucky. It met with Morgan's command and after a des- perate struggle was obliged to surrender. The men were soon paroled and returned to John- son's Island. The regiment was mustered out August 20, 1864. COMPANY C. Everotts, Henry E,, e. May 7, 1864, disc. August 20, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized September 18, 1864, for one year's service, under Col. John H. Hurd. It moved to Nashville immedi- ately after muster in, where it performed guard duty until Hood's invasion, when it took an active part in the trenches and in the sup- port of batteries. The regiment operated in Tennessee until its term of service expired, when it was mustered out, on the 28th of June, and after reaching Ohio, was discharged at Camp Dennison, on the 5th of July, 1865. COMPANY B. McGinnis, Andrew, e. September 18, 1864, disc. July 5, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. Under the President's call of July, 1864, for troops to serve for one year, two full com- panies were recruited in Union County. Leav- ing Marysville for Camp Chase on the 31st of August, they were assigned as Companies B and C, of the One Hundred and Seventy- fourth Ohio Infantry. The original commissioned ofi5cers of Com- pany B were U. D. Cole, Captain ; Peter Hill, First Lieutenant, and George Harriman, Second Lieutenant. During its term of serv- ice, this company lost five killed in battle, six wounded, and twelve died in hospitals. Company C was mustered in under the fol- lowing commissioned otScers : William H. Robb, Captain ; W. B. Brown, First Lieuten- ant, and Joseph Swartz, Second Lieutenant. Capt. Robb was discharged on account of wounds received at Murfreesboro, and Lieut. Brown was then promoted Captain, and was in command of the company until wounded at Kingston, March 10, 1865, after which the command devolved on Lieut. T. B. Myers. Company C lost eight of its members on the field and in the hospitals, and fourteen wounded. Union County was represented among the field and stafi" officers of this regiment by A. J. Sterling, who served as Lieutenant Colonel from the organization of the regiment until its muster out. The One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio was organized September 21, 1864, under Col. John S. Jones, and, on the 23d, left Ohio for Nashville, Tenu., to report to Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, then commanding the Military Division of the Mississippi. On arrival at Nashville, orders were received to proceed to Murfreesboro, which was then threatened by Forrest's rebel cavalry. The regiment remained at Murfreesboro un- til October 27, when it moved to Decatur, Ala., and assisted in defending that garrison from an attack made by Hood's advance. After a movement to the mouth of Elk Creek and back again, the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth remained at Decatur, until recalled to Mur- freesboro to participate in the investment of that stronghold. It took an active and promi- nent part in the battle at Overalls's Creek, los- ing two officers wounded, six men killed, and thirty-eight wounded. After this engagement the regiment was or- dered on dress-parade and complimented in person by Gen. Rousseau for their gallantry. In the battle of the Cedars, it again distin- guished itself by making a charge on the en- emy's breastworks and capturing two cannons, a stand of rebel colors, belonging to the First and Fourth Florida, and about two hundred prisoners. The regiment lost in this engage- ment one commissioned officer killed and seven wounded ; four men killed and twenty-two wounded. It was complimented in general or- ders for its conduct on this occasion. After having participated in all the fighting around Murfreesboro, the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth joined the Twenty -third Army Corps at Columbia, Tenn., and was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division of that corps. In January, 1865, it moved to AVashington City, where it remained in camp until Februery 21, then proceeded to North Carolina, and, joining the forces under Gen. 'Cox, took a con- spicuous part in the battle of Five Forks, at Kingston. On the 10th of March it successfully re- sisted a fierce attack made by Gen. Hoke. It lost two officers wounded, four men killed and twenty-three wounded. This was the last battle in which the regi- ment was engaged. It joined Sherman's forces at Goldsboro, and served under Gen. Schofield at Wadesboro, N. C, until mustered out at Charlotte, June 28, then returning to Colum- bus, Ohio, it was paid off, and discharged July 7, 1865. Lieut. Col. A. J. Sterling, e. September 5, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. COMPANY B. Capt. U. D. Cole, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. First Lieut. Peter Hill, e. September, 1864, disc. May 16, 1865. Second Lieut. George Harriman, e. September 7, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wd. Sergt. Richard Buelot, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, 3 865. Sergt. R. M. Fields, e. August 5, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt. Solomon Heasley, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt. Andrew McGinnis, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt. George W. Snodgrass, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt. David Wood, e. August 29, ls64, disc. June 28, 1865. 518 UNION COUNTY Corp. Koliei t E. Benson, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, .865. Corp. Jeremiah Cole, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John Harris, e. August 29. 1864, disc. June 28,1865, wounded at " The Battle of the Cedars, Tenn.," Decem- ber 7, 1864. Corp. Alexander S. Hornbeck, e. July 25, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John Lister, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28,1865. Corp. H. C. Moffitt, e. August 3, 1864, disc. June 28, 1S65. Corp. John A. Koach, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. A. J. Sellers, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Musician R. B. O'Harra. e. August 24, 1864. Allen, Homer, e. September 1, 1864, killed at Kingston, N. C, March 14, 1865. Allen, Hiram, e. September 1, 1864, diec. June 28, 1865. Atha, Washington, e. August 26, 1864. Adanist-n, C. W., e. August 9, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Beach, Amos, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Benson, John, August 19, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Bosh, Thomas C, e. August 8, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Bushong, Milton, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Busbong, John, e. August 3, 1864, dine. February 12, 1865. Berry, John L., e. August 15, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Berry, Jo^ii^h, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Brown, William, e. August 31, 1864, died in hospital. Binson, William, e. August 29,1864, disc. June 6, 1865, wounded at Kingston, N. C, March 10, 1865. Brown, M., e. August 31, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Brown, Silas, e. August 31, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Kingston, N. C, March 10, 1865. Brown, Vincent, e. September 1, 1864. Brown, John, e. August 30, 1864, disc. June 28,1865. Crawford, Edward, e. August 16, 1864, died at Wash- ington, D. C, February 15, 1865. Cassiday, George, e. August 8, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Carter, James H., e. July 27, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Clark, J. W., e. September 18, 1864 disc. June 28, 1865. Cartmell, T. J., e. September 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Crabtree, Matthew, e. August 15, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Debolt, M., e. September 8, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Kingston, N. C March 10, 1865. Dunham, A. D., e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Dobbins, William, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Dickinson, T. K.. e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Edwards, G. C, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Everiugham, S. S., e. August 3, 1864, died at Murfrees- boro, Tenn., February 10, 1865. Ford, H. C, e. July 25, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Foster, M. AV., e. August 30, 1864, disc June 28, 1865. Figley, Kobert, e. August 16, 1864, disc. May 25, 1865. Foote, A. J., e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Gray, Wesley, e. August 8, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Godfrey, William A., e. August 26, 1864, disc. June 28 1865. ' Gandy, Abijah, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hartman, John, e. September 8, 1864, died at Washing- ton, D. C„ February 1, 1865. Hemminger, James, e. August 15, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hemniinger, N., e. August 18, ]864. James. C. H., e July 27, 1864. disc. June 28, 1865. Jones. Samuel, e. July 26, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Johnson, Joseph, e. August 30, 1864, died at Murfrees- boro, Tenn., Januarv 1, 1865. Johuson, Silas, e. July 27, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. King, Michael, e. September 17, 1864. King, John, e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Lawsun, F. H., e. August 2, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Livingston, George W., e. August 6, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, died at Soldiers' Home, Dayton, Ohio. Livingston, John J., e. August 11, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Lallev, John, e. September 17, 1864. Lansdown,R. P., e. .August 20, 1864. disc. June, 28, 1865. Loring, William, e. August 23, 1864, disc. May 22, 1865. Leslie, S. D., e. August 26, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Mobley, Isaac, e. August 9, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Mobley, John, e. August 9, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn. Melching, William, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. McQuean, James, e. September 8, 1864. McMuUen, A., e. September 20, 1864. Mcllrov, John H., e. August 30, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. McNier, P. H., e. September 3, 1864, disc. May 31, 1865, Miller, Jacob, e. August 17, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Died at Kichwood. Mullen, Lafayette, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Mitchell, Albert, e. August 3, 1864. Killed at Overall* Creek, Tenn., December 4, 1864. Minshall, Ellis, e. Septemb?r 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Murphy, James G., e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Moody, Robert, e. September 2, 1864. Killed in " the bat- tle ot the Cedars," Tenn., December 7, 1864. Mnlvaine, Daniel, e. August 30, 1864. Killed at Kings- ton, N. C, March 10, 1865.' Neal, A. D., e. August 6, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Died at Richwood, 1868. Oliver, James, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Oliver, William, e. August 29, 1864. Potts, William, e. August 16, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., January 26, 1865. Peijrse, Wesley, e. August 3, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April 22, 1865. Robertson, E., e. Augustie, 1864, disc. June 23, 1865. Boss, John A., e. August 16, 1864, disc. June 7, 1865. Swank, T. L., e. September 6, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Simpson, Solomon, e. September 1, 1864. Died at Louis- ville, Ky., June 26, 1805. Spinning, -■Vlbert, e. August 16, 1864. Speese, George W., e. July 31, 1S64, disc. June 28, 1865. Spicer, Joseph, e. August 20, 18G4. Died at Murfeesboro, Tenn., January 12, 1865. Spicer, William W., e. August 16. 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wounded in "the battle of the Cedars," Tenn.. December 7, 1864. Sparks, James, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Spratt, A. J., e. August 24, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wood, Wiiliam, e. July 26, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Winters, T. J., e. July 27, 1864, disc. June 14, 1865. Welsh, Franklin, e. August 20, 1864. Killed at Kingston, March 10, 1865. Wells, Levi, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Woolly, John, e. June 30, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. COMPANY C. Capt. William H. Robb, e. September 6, 1864, disc. May 12, 1865. Wounded at Murfeesboro, Tenn., December 7, 1864. First Lieut. William B. Brown, e, Augwst 15, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Wounded at Kingston, N. C, March lo, 1865 ; left arm amputated. Second Lieut. Joseph Swartz, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wounded at Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 7, 1864 ; since died. Sergt. V. F. Collier, e. Angust 20, 1864, disc. May 26, 1865. Wounded at Overall's Creek, Tenn., December 4, 1864. Sergt. J C. Marshall, e. August 11, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sergt. J. S. Newcomb, e. September 13, 1864, disc. May 29, 1865. Died since the war. Sergt. A. M. Sherwood, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wounded at Overall's Creek, Tenn., Decem- ber 4, 1864. Sergt. Charles H. Webster, e. August, 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. C. M. Adams, e. August 30, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John M. DoUison, e. August 3, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John Hudson, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John W. Lynn, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Corp. John Reed, e. September 2, 1864, disc. June 28. 1865. Corp. C. J. Sayre,e. August 2, 1864, disc. June 28, 186.5. Corp. Greenbery Shipley, e. August 4, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wounded in " battle of the Cedars," Tenn., December 7,1864. Corp. J. P. Winget, e. August 4, 1864, disc. May 16, 1865. Corp. George C. Woodruff, e. August 20, 1864. Killed at Kingston, N. C. March 10, 1865. Musician Z. T. Alexander, e. August 29, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Musician Henry A. Myers, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Musician B. E. Tucker, e, August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hostler T. H. Moore, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Argo, Andrew, e. August 21, 1864. Died at Charlotte, N. C, June 17, 1865. MILTTAR7 RECORD. 519 Browning, W. J., e. August 3, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Bell, E. B., e. August 22, 1864, disc. June 16, 1865. Bowie, B. C, e. September 1, 1864, disc. May 29, 1865. Burrows, William F., e. August 8, 1864, disc. June 7, 1865. Crawford, John, e. August 22, 1864, disc. June 14, 1865. Caryl, A. L., e. August 3. 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Coffinburger, S. B., e. September 5, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Danforth, Hiram, e. August 2, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Died since the war. EverettB, H. E., e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Gill, Frank L., e. August 20, 18(J4, disc. June 28, 1865. Wounded at Decatur, Ala. November, 1864. Hager, 1). B., e. August 22, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hornbeck, C. H., e. August 17, 1864, disc. May 30, 1865. Hodglen, Henry, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Hamler, John, e. August 24, 1864, died at New Berne, N. C, May 27, 1865. Hamler, leaac, e. August 24, 1864, died in hospital at Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 24, 1864. Ingman, C. M., e. September 3, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Isaac. John, e. September 14, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Knachel, Joseph, e. September 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Lee, J. T., e. September 17, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Laugstaff, L., e. July 26, 1864, disc. May 30, 1865. Livingston, William, e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Livingston, S. P., e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Langstaff, Asa, e. August 20, 1864, disc. May 30, 1865. Long, T. F., e. September 4, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Little, David D., e. September 20, 1864, disc. July 18, 1865. Lynn, John W., e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Lemon, William A., e. August 19, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Mallory, M. E., e. September 3. 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Mather, 0. B., e. September 6, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Michael, John H., e. August 6, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Meek, Eli, e. August 18, 1864, disc. June 3, 1865. Munnell, George W., e. August 12, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Moody, James, e. August 31. 1864. Mallory, M. G., e. August 20, 1864, died in hospital at Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 25, 1864. McDowell, A., e. August 22, 18P4. McAllister, Nelson, e. August 20, 1864, died at Goldsboro, N. C, April 10, 1865. McKitrick, D. F., e. September 3, 1864, disc. May 22, 1865. McCloud, E. B., e. September 3, 1864, disc. May 23, 1865. Newlove, Brown, e. September 1, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865, wounded in battle of the Cedars, Tennessee. Orahood, Hiram, e. August 23, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Orahood, Keuben, e. August 22, 1864. Disc. June 28, 1865. Died since the war. Perry, A. T., e. August 14, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Overall's Creek, Tenn., December 4, 1864. Perry, Ezra, e. September 3, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865, wounded at Overall's Creek, Tenn., December 4, 1864. Died since the war. Perry, Charles W., e. September 22, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Roberts, J. S., e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 16, 1865. Rice, John H., e. September 5, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Reed, R. M., e. August 14, 1864, disc. June 28,1865,. wounded at Overall's Creek. Tenn. Spain, John W., e. August 24, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Snowden, S. H., e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Stevens, L. A., e. August 22, 1864, killed at Kingston, N. C, March 10, 1865. Safford. D. L., e. August 27. 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Scott, Isaac, e. August 11, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Overall's Creek, Tenn. Sands, Almeron, e. August 22, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sheets, John, e. September 1, 1864, disc, June 28, 1865. Died since the war. Snider, H. L., e. August 22, 1864, disc June 28, 1865. Smith, Elijah, e. Septcmbf-r 1, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Swiger, Joseph, e. September 21, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Snider, Frederick, e. September 5, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Sherwood, A. B., e. August 31, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Turner, Robert, e. August 4, 1864, disc. May 27, 1865. Taylor, J. A., e. September 3. 1804, disc. June 16, 1865. Vaneant, J. D., e. September 3, 1864, disc. June 2, 186.'), wounded iu battle of the Cedars, December 7, 1864, died in autumn of 1882. Wurtsbaugh, D. H., e. August 24, 1864, disc. June 17 1865. Wurtsbaugh, J. W., e. August 14, 1864, disc. June 28 1805. Wurtsbaugh, T. F., e. August 24, 1864, disc. May 29 1865. Webster, C. W., e. August 20, 1864. disc. June 28, 1865. Winget, W. C, e. August 3, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wheatley, William B., e. August 31, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Murfreesboro, Tenn. Wolford, William, e. August 16, 1864, died in hospital at Murfreesboro, Tenn., December 6, 1864. Wells, M. W., e. September 17, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Wells, Ambrose, e, September 3, 1864, disc. June 28 1865. Zuch, William H., e. August 20, 1864, disc. June 28 1865. COWPAKY H. Browning, 0. D., e. September 5, 1864, disc. June 28 1865. Debolt, Jackson, e. September 2, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Finch, H. W., September 13, 1864, disc, June 28, 1865. COMPANY I. Blue, Adam, e. September 12, 18C4, disc. June 28, 1865. Landon, S. M., e, August 16, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865, wounded at Kingston, N. C. Price, John, e. September 12, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. Bodgers, Napoleon, e. September 7, 1864, disc. June 28 1865. Vestal, M., e. September 7, 1864, disc. June 28, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND .SEVENTY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized October 11, 1864. It entered the field in Tennessee and performed garrison duty during Hood's inva- sion. It took a prominent part in the engage- ment at Franklin, and remained in Fort Neg- ley during the battle of Nashville, then moved to Columbia and guarded railroads until mus- tered out, July 13, 1865. COMPANY D. Yigor, John H., e, October 11, 1864; killed. COMPANY r. Atkinson, S. W., e. October 11, 1864, disc. July 13, 1865. Buckner, James E., e. October 11, 1864: disc, July 13, 1865. Dillon, H,, e, October, 1864, ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized September 21, 1864, for the term of one year, under Col. Ed- win C. Mason. It served in Tennessee, and was in the works during the siege and battle of Nashville. It was mustered out June 18, 1865. COMPANY B. Wells, David E., e, August, 1864; died. COMPANY E. Stoop, I,, e, August, 1864 ; disc. June 16, 1865. Longberry, H,, e, August, 1864; disc, June 18, 1865. Stillings, Lewis, e, August, 1864; died. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized in the fall of 1864, under Col, Joab A. Stafford. It reported to Gen. Thomas at Nashville, took part in the 520 UNION COUNTY siege of Murfreesboro, and in several engage- ments in North Carolina. It joined Sherman at Goldsboro, and was mustered out July 7, 1865. COMPANY B. Brown, Frederick, e. September, 1864, disc. July 9, 1865. Ramery, W. W., e. October, 1864. Died. Sherman, V. M., e. October, 1864. Died. COMPANY C. Wilcox, N. C, e. August, 1864, disc. July 9, 1865. COMPANY E. Second Lieut. A. Gardner, e. September, 1864, disc, July 10. 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVKNTT-NINTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized September 28, 1864, under Col. Henry Sage. It operated in Nashville, Tenn., during its term of service, and was discharged June 18, 1865. COMPANY E. Commissary Sergt. W. M. Winget, e. September 2, 1864. disc. June 17, 1865. COMPANY p. Corp. S. W. Atkinson, e. September 17, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Barnes, William, e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Dillon, A. H., e. September 21, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Downer, A. W., e. September 16, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Hildebrand, J. F., e. September 1, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Marsh, L. T., e. September 3, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Marsh, Stanton, e. September 3, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Marsh, Loyal, e. September 2,1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Poling, Nathan, e. September 2, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. Stillings, Lewis, e. September 3, 1864. Died. Walker, Curtis, e. August 8, 1864, disc. June 17, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTIETH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized October 9, 1864, for one year's service, under Col. Wil- lard Warner. It operated in Tennessee until January, 1865, when it moved to Washington, thence to North Carolina, and was present at the battle of Kingston. It was mustered out July 25, 1865. COMPANY F. Corporal John A. Brown, e. September 7, 1864 ; disc. July 12, 1865. Wells, D. F., e. September 15, 1864; died. COMPANY G. Corporal J. J . Van Sant, e. September 28, 1864 ; died a Alexandria, Va., March 2, 1865. Konkel, Abraham, e. September 27, 1864; disc. June 20, 1865. Miller, J. B., e. September 13, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. COMPANY H. Sergeant R. H. Brannan,e. September 17, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Sergeant L. Roseberry, e. September 17, 1864 ; disc. July 12, 1865. Brooks, D. W., e. September 19, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Boswell, William N., e. September 18, 1864 ; disc. July 12, 1885. Bailey, W. C, e. September 19, 1864; disc. July 26, 1865. Bamhart, N. C, e. September 19,1864, disc. July 12, 1865. Cole, Leonard, e. September 18, 1864; disc. Juae 2, 1865. Hodgden, Charles, e. September 19, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Hopkins, George, e. September 17, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Kimble, John, e. September 19, 1864; disc. June 8, 1865. Philips, Thomas, e. September 18, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Price, L., e. September 17, 1864 ; disc. July 12, 1865. Sells, John, e. September 17, 1864; disc. July 12, 1865. Wynn, Edward, e. September 1, 1864 ; disc. July 12, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SECOND OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized October 26, 1864, under Col. Lewis Butler. It served in Tennessee, taking a prominent part in the bat- tle of Nashville. It was mustered out in July, 1865. COMPANY A. Myers, H. A., e. September, 186 4; disc. July 13, 1865. COMPANY B. Gallent, Elias, e. October, 1864 ; disc. July 13, 1865. COMPANY E. McKitrick, J. W., e. October 3, 1864; disc. June 6, 1865. COMPANY G. Philips, W. F., e. September 15, 1864; disc. July 13, 186». ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FOURTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized February 21^ 1865. It served in Tennessee and Alabama, guarding railroads, until mustered oat of the service in September, 1865. COMPANY B. Alters, Hiram, e. February 21, 1865; disc. September 27, 1865. COMPANY C. Conklin, Edward, e. February 21, 1865; disc. September 27, 1865. La Rue, James, e. February 21, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. La Rue, John, e. February 21, 1865 ; disc. September 27, 1865. Spain, John, e. February 21, 1865; disc. September 27, 1865. Wolford, M., e. February 21, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized February 26, 1865, under Col. John E. Cummins. It per- formed garrison duty in Kentucky until the close of the war, and on September 26, 1865, was mustered out of the service at Louisville, Ky. COMPANY A. Bennett, S. W., e. February 5, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. COMPANY C. McCloud, C, e. February 9, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. COMPANY E. Atkinson, S. P., e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. Atkinson, S., e. February 14, 1865, disc. September 86, 1865. Bailey, T. C, e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. Harvey, A. P., e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. Skidmore, Calvin, e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. Skidmore, Thomas, e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. COMPANY F. Grauman, William, e. February 8, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. MILITARY RECORD. 521 COMPANY G. Graham, Robert H., e. January 24, 1865, disc. September 26, 1865. ONE HUNDKED AND EIGHTY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized March 2, 186-5, under Col. Thomas F. Wildes. It operated in [ Tennessee and Georgia until ordered to Colum- bus, Ohio, where it was mustered out on the 25th of September, 1865. ! COMPANY B. Roney, Charles M., e. February 21, 1865, disc. September 18, 1865. COMPANY C. James, Lewis, e. February 10, 1865, disc. September 18, 1865- Spurgeon, T. J., e. February 21, 1865, disc. August 11, 1865. Webb, William H., e. February 14, 1865. disc. September 18, 1865. COMPANY r. Chamfer, Jacob, e. January 23, 1865, disc. September 18, 1865. Kinney, C. B., e. February 24, 1865, disc. September 14, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Ohio was one of the regiments raised under the last call of President Lincoln for troops to serve for one year. It was organized March 1, 1865, under Col. R. Z. Dawson, and soon after muster received orders to move to Nashville, Tenn. From there it proceeded to Dalton, Ga., where it remained in camp for two months, at- tending to drill and discipline and performing scouting service. The regiment then moved to Kingston and received the paroles of about 2,000 rebel sol- diers, who presented themselves at that place, professing to belong to the surrendered armies of Johnston and Lee. Returning to Dalton, the One Hundred and Eighty-seventh spent another month in camp at that place, when, the railroad having been repaired, it was placed on the cars, taken to Macom, Ga., where it performed provost duty until mustered out in .January, 1866. It then returned to Ohio and was finally paid off and discharged on the 23d day of that month. The One Hundred and Eighty-seventh drew one company from Union County. Company B was wholly recruited in the county, and left Marysville for Camp Chase on Tuesday morn- ing, February 14, 1865, where it was mustered into the United States service, under the fol- lowing commissioned officers : W. P. Welsh, Captain ; J. K. Guthrie, First Lieutenant ; and N. C. Welsh, Second Lieutenant. While in the service one of the members of Company B was wounded in a skirmish at Dalton, Ga., and five, including Capt. J. K. Guthrie, died in the hospitals. COMPANY B. Capt. John C. Bybee, o. March 1, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Capt. William P. Welsh, e. March 1, 1865; resigned June 13, 1865, A^t. and First Lieut. Emery F. Malin, e. March 1, 1865: disc. January 20, 1866, promoted to Captain First Lieut. Joseph K. Guthrie, e. March 1,1865: pro- moted to Captain July 10, 1865; died in September, 1865. First Lieut. R. M. Miller, e. January 14, 1865; disc. Jan- uary 20, 1866. Second Lieut. William M. Church, e. March 2, 1865; pro- moted to First Lieut. July 10, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Second Lieut. 0. K. Shadrack, e. February 18, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Second Lieut. N. C. Welsh, e. March 1, 1865; resigned June 4, 1865. Sergt. William Arthur, e, February 13,1865; disc. Jan- uary 20, 1866. Sergt. William S. Filler, e. January 25,1865; disc. Jan- uary 2(», 1866. Sergt. J. P. Henderson, e. February 7, 1865 ; disc. Jan- ary 20, 1866. Sprgt. Martin V. Lee, e. February 10, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Sergt. James K. Welsh, e. February 14, 1865 ; disc. Jan- uary 20, 1866. Corp. Peter Aller, e. February 10, 1865; dis. January 20, 1866. Corp. James Curry, e. February 6, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. Thomas Cody, e. January 20, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. David G. Cassil, e. January 25, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. John G. Langstaff, e. February, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. Albert I. Smith, e. February 14, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. Martin White, e. February 13, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Corp. Thomas J. Wheeler, e. February 14, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Drummer J. N. Rodgers, e. January 20, 1865; disc. Jan- uary 20, 1866. Arthur, N., e January 23, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Armstrong, I. W. N., e. February 24, 1865. Brake, L. A., e. February 6, I860. Burniws, Leonard, e. February 25, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Bailey, Joseph, e. February 1, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Bird, Daniel, e. February 15, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Berry, Amos, e. January 14, 1865; disc. January 20, 1860. Bonnett, S. W., e. February 18, 1865 ; died at Dalton, Ga., April 23, 1865. Breeke, L. A., e. February 15, 1865 ; disc. January 20, 1866. Bethard, C. W., e. February 6, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Clark, A. M., e. February 26, 1865 ; disc. January 20,1866. Caryl, William S., e. January, 1865; disc. January 20, 1866. Croy, James R., c. February 10, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Collier, Arthur, e. January 31, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Cassil, William S., e. January 21, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Davis, F. D., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Dickson, Andrew, e. February 13, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Darling, James P.,e. February 10, 1865, died at Dalton, Ga., April 30, 1865. Doty, J. M., e. February 17, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Edwards, F., e. February 4, 1865, disc. Januai-y 20, 1866. Emmons, John, e. February 6, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Gibson, Albert, e. February 4, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Gefls, Robert, e. February 1, 1865, disc. May 4, 1865. Gray, S. G., e. February 9, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Gallant E., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Guy, Nathan, e. February 17, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Hawn, P. M., e., February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Harris, 0. I., e. February 7, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Hedges, Silas, e. January 20, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Hull, John H., e. February 1, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866, Hurley, D.. e. February 1, 1865. Huggert, J. A., e. January 14, 1865, disc. May 5, 1865, wounded at Dalton, Ga. Hildebrand, H., e. February 16, 1865, disc. J;ii;i:iiiy 2 1865, .",22 UNi'ON COUNTY Johnson, J. M., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 186(). Kirk, H., e. January 25, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Locliwood, J., e. February 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. iioucli, David, e. January 25, 1865, disc. August 22, 1865. Loring, Emery, e. February 15 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Love, S. C, e. February 11, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Livingston, L., e. February ] , 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Long, J. E., e. February 11, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Lash, George W., c. February 4, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Lerper, Samuel, e. February 13, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Latson, Joseph, e. January 14, 1865, disc. July 6, 1865. Mclntire, Samuel, e. January 28, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Mclntire, William, e. January 25, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. McElroy, Samuel, e. April, 1865, disc. January 20, 1806. McFadilim, William, e. February 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. McKeloey, Samuel, e. January 20, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. McCampbell, J. L., e. February 14,1805, disc. January 20, 1866. McCampbell, A. T., e. February 14, 1865, disc. Janiiary 20, 1865. -McDermott, A. J., e. January 28, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. McDermott, J. W., e. January 31, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Mc.ffitt, Thomas, e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Blulvano, J., e. January 14, 1865, disc. July 12, 1865. Moses, E., e. January 20, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Norton, Thomas, e. February 1, 1865, disc. July 12, 1865. I'helps, William A., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. I'ost, F. M., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Patrick, James, e. February 11, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Poems, William. I'redmire, L., e. February 15, 1865, died in hospital at Chattanooga, Tenn., May 17, 1865. llomine, J. M., e. February 7, 1865, disc. January 20. 1866. llomine, H. C, e. February 13, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Keed, A. W., e. January 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. lieed, E. G., e. February 10, 1865, disc. January 20, 1806. Reary, David, e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20. 1866. Kandall, B. L., e. January 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Kice, J G., e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Kea, David, e. February 15, 1865. disc. January 20, 1866. Sbearer, O. A., e. January 13, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866 Swartz, Winfield, e. February 1, 1865, died in hospital at Macon, Ga. Sparks, J. C, e. February 1, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Snider, Adam, e. February 13, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Shape, James, e. February 2, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Scott, Gabriel, e. February 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Sibey, L., o. February 10, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Smith, Christopher, e. February 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Stevenson, George, e. February 18, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Turner, A. M., e. January 21, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Trembly, George B., e February 10, 1865, di.sc. January 20, 1866. Van Voorhies, J. H., e. February 24, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Weaver, Calvin L., e. January 21, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Winget, H. H., e. January 25, 1805, disc. January 20, 1866. Winters, S. C, e. February 10, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. Woodburn, Ileber, e. February 11, 1865, disc. January 20, 1860. Wolford, M. T., e. February 11, 1865, disc. January 20, 1806. Webster, L. T., e. February 7, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. COMPANY E. Surge, T. C, e. January 15, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. COMPANY I. Hall, Samuel, e. February 14, 1865, disc. January 20, 1866. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized March 4, 1865, under Col. Jacob E. Taylor. It performed garrison duty in Tennessee until mustered out September 21, 1865. COMPANY F. Hoover, John, e. February 25, 1865, disc. September 28, 1865. Hoover, Charles, e. February 25, 1865, disc. September 28, 1865. Hoover, Henry, e. February 25, 1865, disc. September 28, 1805. Phelps, W. A., e. March 4, 1865, disc. September 28, 1865. Storms, William H., e. February 25, 1865, disc. Septem- ber 28, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIRST OHIO INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Ninety-first Ohio was organized March 10, 1865, under Col. Robert L. Kimberly. It served under Gen. Hancock in the Shenandoah Valley until mustered out in September, 1865. COMPANY B. Clarridge, E. C, e. February 1, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Cavice, James, e. February 22, 1865, disc. July 11, 1865. COMPANY C. Bolenbaugh, L. W., e. March 2, 1865, disc. August 27. 1865. Curb, B. F., e. Febrnary 16, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Evans, Lewis, e. March 22, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Goldsmith, Joseph, e. March 6, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Goldsmith, J. J., e. March 2, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Hensel, Henry, e. March 2, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Laird, W. J., e. February 25, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Morrow, Charles W., e. March 2, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Shirk, John H., e. February 16, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Storms, Judson, e. February 21, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. Spring, J. W., e. 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. COMPANY E. Langstaff, E. W., e. February 18, 1865, disc. May 31, 1865. McCarney, L. S., e. February 15, 1805, disc. August 27, 1805. Smith, William C, e. February G, 1865, disc. August 27, 1865. COMPANY H. Corp. James Thompson, e. February 27, 1805, disc. August 27, 1865. Wall, James H., e. February, 1865, disc. August 27,1866. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SECOND OHIO IN- FANTRY. This regiment was organized March 15, 1865, under Col. F. W. Butterfield. It operated MILITARY RECORD. 523 n Virginia until September 1, 1865, when it was mustered out at Winchestej- COMPANY D. Musician Albert Bird, e. February 17, 1865, disc. Septem- ber 27, 1865. Baldwin, N. M., e. February 20, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Outton, William B., e. February 18, 1865, disc. Septem- ber 1, 1865. Fields, A. J., e. February 14, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Green. J. A., e. February 14, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Moffitt, Israel, e. February 13, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Mayberry, J. M., e. February 14, 1865, died at Fredericks- burg, Va., April 24, 1865. Mayberry, T. H., e. February 14, 1865, disc. June 29, 1865. Snell, S. B., e. February 14, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Swallow, Washington, e. January 25, 1865, disc. Septem- ber 27, 1865. Simpson, Samuel, e. February 4, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Simpson, Daniel, e. February 4, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. Thornton, Z. R., e. January 30, 1865, died in Island Hos- pital, March 23, 1865. Wright, Charles, e. February 14, 1865, disc. May 13, 1865. Williams, S. M., e. February 9, 1865, died at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, March 25, 1865. Woodruff, H., e. February 19, 1865, wounded at Reed's Hill, September 27, 1865. COMPANY G. Ellison, J. L., e. February 27, 1865, disc. September 27, 1865. COMPANY 1. Green, A. H., e. February 21, 1865, disc. September 1, 1865. Temple, L. B., e. February 21, 1865, disc. September 1, 1865. Williams, C, e. February 21, 1865, disc. June 7, 1865. ONE HUNURKD AND NINETY-FOURTH OHIO IN- FANTRY. This regiment was organized March 14, 1865, under Col. Anson G. McCook. It served in West Virginia until Lee's surrender; then moved to Washington City and performed gar- rison duty until mustered out October 24 1865. COMPANY H. Smith, B. W., e. March 14, 1865, disc. October 24, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH OHIO INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, and mustered into the service on the 25th of March, 1865. More than two-thirds of the men composing this regiment had belonged to other organiza- tions, and had been honorably discharged for wounds or expiration of term of service. The One Hundred and Ninety-sixth was as- signed to the Ohio Brigade at Winchester, W. Va., where it remained until July, and gained the reputation of being a well-drilled and well- disciplined organization. In July, it was or- dered to Baltimore, and assigned to duty in the fortifications around the city, a portion of it being sent to Fort Delaware. On the 11th of September, it was mustered out at Baltimore, Md., it being the last volunteer organization in that department. As an organization, this regiment vras prob- ably excelled by but few in appearance, dis- cipline and soldierly bearing ; and although it was not entitled to inscribe on its colors the name of any engagement, still nearly every battle-field in the Union was represented in its ranks. COMPANY B. Dever, Zedekiah, e. Marsh 8, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Middleton, Joseph, e. March 8, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Smith, John, e. March 8, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. COMPANY E. Kearns, Gideon, e. May 9, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. COMPANY r. Beake, Michael, e. March 25, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. McMahan, H., e. March 8, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Rochel, Benjamin, e. March 8, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Ryner, John, e. March 8, 1865, disc. September 14, 1866. COMPANY H. Davis, Alexander, e. May 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Kent, David, e. March 4, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Corp. Owen Wilber, e. May, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. Wilber, E., e. May, 1865, disc. September 11, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EI8HTH OHIO INFANTRY. The war closed before the organization of this regiment was completed. COMPANY B. Ogan, John, e. March, 1865, disc. July, 1865. FIRST OHIO CAVALRY'. About fifty men were recruited in Union County for the First Ohio Cavalry, and this detachment was assigned about equally to Companies D and K. They enlisted during the month of August, 1861, under the first call for three years' troops. Company K was organized at Plain City, the men having been recruited in Union, Madison and Franklin Counties. They left Plain City for Camp Chase on the 8th day of September, 1861, going across the country in carriages and wagons. A few days later the election of officers was held, and T. W. Forshee, of Mad- ison County, was elected Captain ; James Cut- ler, of Union, First Lieutenant; and A. H. McCurdy, Second Lieutenant ; and W. L. Curry was appointed Orderly Sergeant. There were no commissioned officers in Company D from this county, but several of the bravest and best non-commissioned ofiicers in the regiment were Union County boys in this company, among whom were Sergeants John Newlove, Alvin Thompson, Leroy Scott and Thomas Amrine ; and John Barbour, who was appointed Quartermaster Sergeant of the regiment. The officers of Company D were from Licking ('ounty. Two Captains of this company were killed in battle — Capt. D. A. B. Moore, who had been promoted to Major, and Capt. W. H. Scott — and Lieut. Ira Stevens died of disease. 624 UNION COUNTY Of Company K, Capt. Forshee and Lieut. McCurdy both resigned in June, 1862, when the command of the company devolved upon Lieut. James Cutler. To record the service of the First Ohio Cav- alry is to write the history of every battle of the Army of the Cumberland, from Mill Springs, 1862, to Nashville, 1864. This reg- iment was organized during the summer of 1861, and. was mustered in at Camp Chase on the 5th day of October, 1861. Whitelaw Reid says in his history, "Ohio in the War:" "It may well be doubted whether more applicants were ever rejected from a similar organization in the service or if a nobler band of men in phys- ical development could possibly have been se- lected from the yeomanry of Ohio." Strict military discipline was inaugurated by Col. Ransom — who was a regular army ofiS- cer — in drill, reports, and everything that per- tained to the regular service of camp duty. On the 9th day of December, 1861, the regiment broke camp, marched through the capital and embarked on their first campaign, from whence many comrades were destined never again to return. Arrived at Cincinnati at daybreak the next morning, took boats and reached Louisville, Ky., on the morning of the 11th, the first regiment of cavalry to enter that department save Wolford's Kentucky regiment; and again quoting from Reid's history: "The First Ohio was the nucleus of that host of cavalry which, uuder the leadership of Stanley, Crooks, Mitch- ell, McCook, Kilpatrick, Long, Minty, Milli- kin and Wilson, achieved such triumphs for the country and fame lor themselves." The history of the cavalry of the Southwest — "its fearless rides, its daring raids, its bloody charges, its long nights of weary marching, as it carried desolation and destruc- tion into the very heart of treason" — is a record of heroic achievements unsurpassed in the annals of that service. The regiment remained at Camp Buell, Lou- isville, drilling, until the 1 6th of January, 1862, when orders were received to join Gen. Thomas, at Mill Springs. Never will the sol- diers of the First Ohio forget that four days' march to Lebanon, through such rain as can only pour down in Kentucky and Tennessee, or Camp Frankenbei'ger, where saddles and equip- ments were washed oif by the mountain torrents on that memorable night, .January 18. On the 19th Lebanon was reached and the regiment halted and resumed the regular routine of camp duty. While in this camp, the First Ohio en- countered the enemy for the first time and made its first dash after John Morgan. On the 14th of February, 1862, the regiment marched from Bardsto's'n to Louisville, and on the 28th embarked for Nashville, where it ar- rived on the 6th of March. On the 14th, it led the advance of Gen. Buell' s army to Pittsburg Landing, by making a dash in the night to save the bridge at Columbia across Duck River ; but the bridge was burned by the fleeing rebels, and swimming their horses across the river, the cavalry took possession of the beau- tiful little city, which it held until the army arrived, laid pontoons, crossed the river, and made that ever-memorable march through rain and mud to Pittsburg Landing, leaving the wagon train and camping for weeks on the battle-field, without tents, raining constantly, and drinking the water from r^ivines drain- ing from dead horses and men. Here the regiment saw its first real service in front of the rebel army, as the cavalry stood picket in advance of the infantry, and was constantly on duty in the advance on Corinth, skirmishing with the enemy almost daily. After the evac- uation of Corinth and the pursuit of Bragg's army, the First Ohio went into camp. Company D having lost in a skirmish at Blackland p. W. Irwin and .James Anderson, woundeJ. Col. Smith left the regiment on the 10th of June, and on the 17th Col. Milliken took command. The regiment then moved east to Tuscumbia, and was scattered along the Memphis & Charleston Railroad guarding bridges. Com- panies E and K were stationed at Courtlaud. Ala., and on the 2od of July B. F. Lucas, of Company K, was killed near that place. On the 2oth, this detachment, with two com- panies of Kentucky infantry, was attacked b.\ a brigade of confederate cavalry, under Gei'. Armstrong, and after a sharp fight the two companies of infantry and about ten men of Company K — Lieut. Cutler, W. L. Curr.y, A. S Chears, Lewis Latham, John Patterson, A. L. Sessler, John Johnson, William Johnson, J. F. Winters and S. P. Clark — were taken prisoners. The company was then commanded by Sergt. John Lucas until October, 1862, when Lieut. Cutler, having been exchanged, returned totht- regiment, was promoted Captain, and com- manded the company until he resigned, in March, 1863, when Sergt. Curry, who had been exchange! in February, 1863, and pn - moted to First Lieutenant, took command of the company. The First Obio had its full share of hard service on the counter-march of Buell' s army back to Louisville, Company D lo>ing Marion Lansdown wounded in a skirmish at BardstowD,Ky., October, 1862, then participated in the battle of Perryville, in which A. W. Lock and .J. M. Shultz, of Company K, were wounded. It was actively engaged in the advance on Murfreesboro, losing heavily at Stone River. The list of killed included Col. Millikin, Maj. Moore, and Lieut. Conditt; also Wesley Poling, of Company D, and Adjt. Scott, wounded, with a long list of heroes unnamed, but of undying fame. "The regiment fell back from its field of glory, where it had made oneof themostheroio charges of the war, with saddened hearts, for weltering in his life's blood on the field of car- nage, lay its young and gallant commander. He was mourned by his comrades as the brave mourn for the brave." On the 24th of June. 1863, the regiment moved on the extreme left of the army, and shared in some hard fighting around Tullahoma and Elk River. In August, Lieut. Curry was MILITARY RECORD. 525 transferred to the command of Company M, which he commanded through the Chicka- mauga campaign. In the advance on Chatta- nooga, the First Ohio, under command of Lieut. Col. Cupp, crossed the Tennessee River Sep- tember 2, and vfas coDspicuous ia the expedi- tion under Gen. Stanley in the attempt to cut the railroad south of Chattanooga. After a severe encounter with a large force of the en- emy near La Fayette, Ga., it passed up the Chattanooga valley, reached the battle-field of Chickamauga early on the morning of Septem- ber 20, and lost heavily in the engagement of that day. Col. Cupp was killed while forming the regiment for a charge. His death was a severe blow to the regiment, as he was uni- versally beloved. Of the 900 men composing the Second Brigade, 134 were killed and wounded. Company K lost in t his engagement Abe Orr, killed, and Sergt. J. W. Cbapin, J. F. Young, William Hiser and C. S. Irwin, wounded, and Lieut. Curry and C. Zeibold had horses shot under them. After falling back to Chattanooga, the troops were allowed no rest, but on the 26th of September started on the famous raid, driving Wheeler's cavalry from Wa>jhington, Tenn., to Muscle Shoals, Ala., taking more than 1,000 prisoners and several pieces of artillery. In an engagement at Washington, Tenn., with Gen. Wheeler's cavalry, October, 1863, John Newlove, of Company D, was taken pris- oner, and of Company K, Sergt. C. Byers, E. Garner and P. E. Goff were wounded, and James Henry, Sergt. E. Young. James Stanton, David Nedrow and Fred Wedo were taken prisoners. P. E. GoflF, E. Garner and Fred Wedo died in Andersonville Prison. The regi- ment then returned to Chattanooga and took part in the assault upon Mission Ridge, where William Johnson, of Company K, was killed, and Thomas Amrine, of Company D, was wounded. After the battle of Mission Ridge, the Fir.«t moved to the relief of Burnsides, at Knoxville, being the first reg'ment to reach that city, having several skirmishes oq the way, and capturing many prisoners. On the 16th of December a detachment of the regiment made a brilliant charge at Cal- houn upon a rebel brigade commanded by Gen. Wheeler, with a loss f>f one killed and three wounded, and capturing 130 prisoners. In November, 1863, Lieut. Curry again took command of Company K, re-enlisted with the regiment ia January, 1864, and after the fall of Atlanta was appointed Quartermaster of the regiment, was promoted to Captain on the 14th of December, 1864, but the company was so much reduced in numbers he could not be mustered as Captain. After the veteran furlough the regiment was re-organized at Nashville, and oq the 22d of May, 1864, started to join the advancing col- umn of Sherman's army near Rome, Ga., en- countering the enemy near Decatur, Ala., on the 26th, and in the skirmish which followed, Corp. Samuel D^rrah, of Company K, captured the flag of the Seventh Alabama Cavalry. Darrah was a brave and gallant soldier. After the war, he emigrated to Missouri, where he died a few years ago. On the 27th, the First Ohio took part in the engagement at Courtland, losing on this occasion five men wounded, and on the 29th participated in a severe skirmish at Moulton, with a loss of twenty killed and wounded. Of Company K, H. George was killed and L. Cooper wounded. The regiment was in the memorable "one hundred days under fire 'from Chattanooga to Atlanta, losing severely. Of Company D, Daniel Shobbell was killed near Atlanta. The losses of Company K in this campaign were Thomas Armstrong, Jeremiah Griffith and George Pearl, killed, and William Hiser, J. W. Robins and J. M. Shultz, wounded. When Hood attempted to cut Sherman's communication between Atlanta and Chatta- nooga, the First Cavalry followed in pursuit and was engaged in several sharp fights, and when Sherman commenced preparations for his march to the sea, it joined the forces under Gen. Thomas, and after the victory at Nash- ville, rendezvoused at Gravelly Springs until March, 1865. On the 1st of April the regi- ment with Gen. Alexander's division gained a brilliant victory over Forrest's cavalry at Ebenezer's Church, Company K losing Sergt. F. P. Allen killed and JohuM. Shultz, vyounded. On the 2d of April, Selma, Ala., was taken after a hard struggle. The last fight of the First Ohio Cavalry was at Columbus, Ga., which was captured by a bold saber charge, Company K losing William Griffith, wounded, on this occasion. A detachment of the First Cavalry under command of Capt. J. 0. Yeoman, was with the command that captured the President of the Confederacy, among whom was John Newlove, of Company D, and J. F. Young, of Company K, both of Union County. Of the $100,000 reward paid for the capture of "Jeff Davis," Capt. Yeoman received $3,000 and Newlove and Young, $402 each. The regiment garrisoned Georgia and South Carolina from April until September, then re- turned to Ohio and was mustered out at Camp Chase on the 28th of September, 1865, after four years' hard service, Company D having lost ten men on the field and in the hospitals, and twenty-eight taken prisoner, making a total loss of thirty-eight, and Company K hav- ing lost nine killed, twelve died in hospitals, twelve wounded and ten taken prisoner, mak- ing a total loss of forty-three. During its term of service. Company D lost by death James Newman, Lieut. Ira Stevens and Harry Hildreth, and of Company K Martin Brant, William Newland, David Anderson, E. Garner, Fred Wedo, Francis Jones, J. S. Ewing and H. D. Warner, died. The First Ohio Cavalry carried on its muster- roll nearly 1800 names and mustered out at Camp Chase 701 men. It has a long roll of gallant heroes who were klled on the field of 526 UNION COUNTY battle, many wasted and died of diseases in the hospitals and prison pens 6f the South. Of those mustered out of service eighteen years ago, many are sleeping their last sleep in honored graves. Col. T. .J. Patton was killed in a railroad collision on the Louisville & viemphis Railroad. Maj. J. W. Scott, Maj. J. C. Frankenberger, Lieut. A. Overly, Lieut. T. Scott, Capt. L. Pickering and Sergeon John Cannan are all dead. Thus one by one they are being mustered out of life's service. This regiment hns written in characters of blood upon its battle-flag, Corinth, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw, Atlanta, Jouesboro, Lovejoy and skirmishes numbered by the score. True, it was no braver nor better than other regiments. Its roll of honored dead was no larger than many others, but it never failed to respond to any call that was made upon it. The unnumbered and un- lettered graves of the Fiist Ohio are scattered over every battle-field of ihe Army of the Cum- berland. COMPANT A. Corp. S. J. Kobertson, e. March 31, 1863, disc. September la, 1865. COMPANY D. Sergt. Thomas H. Amrine, e. August 31, 1861, wounded at Mission Eidge, disc. September 1.3, 1865. Sergt. John Newlove, e. August 26, 1861, taken prisoner at Washington, Tenn., October, 1864, disc. September 13, 1865. Sergt. L. L. Scott, e. August 26, 1861, disc. October 6, 1864. Sergt. Alvin Thompson, e. August 26, 1861, disc. October 6, 1864. Corp. M. 0. Cole, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Corp. Chas. J. Scott, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Barbour, John, e. August 26, 1861, died at Marysville, Ohio, October 6, 1862. Burrows, Enoch, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Cross, Robert, e. 1861. Cole, Joshua, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Chapman, G. W., e. August, 1861, disc. October, 1864. Foot, Horace L., e. August 26, 1861, disc. October, 1864. Hildreth, Harry, e. August 26, 1861. Halliday, Thomas, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Irvin, R. W., e. August 31, 1861, disc. June 20, 1865, wounded at Blackland Mississippi, Kipp, William H., e. August 5, 1861. Lansdown. Marion, e. August 26, 1861, disc. 1862. Lee, Howard, disc, at Corinth, Mississippi. Montgomery, H. D., e. September 5, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Montgomery. G. W., e. September 5, 1861. Montgomery, B. B., e. September, 186J. Martin, John, e. August 31, 1864. Newgent, William, e. August 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Died at home. Powers, William. Powers, J. W., e. March 9, 1864, disc. September 13, 1865. Tracy, D., e. August 31, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Turner, Taylor, e. Feb. 23, 1864, disc. September 13, 1866. COMPANY E. McKim, John, e. August, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. COMPANY H. Pyers, Fmett, e. August 26, 1861, dioc. September 13, 1866. COMPANY K. Capt. William L. Curry, e. Septt>mber 8, 1861, taken pris- oner at Courtland, Ala., July, 1862, promoted Second Lieutenant June 16, 1862, First Lieutenant March 31, 1863, and Captain December 14,1864; disc. December 30, 1864. Capt. James Cutler, e. September 30, 1861, taken prisoner at Courtland, Ala., July, 1862, disc. April 2i), 1863. Sergt. Franklin P. Allen, e. September 13, 1861, killed at Ebenezer Church, Ala., April 1, 1865, promoted First Lieutenant March, 1865. Sergt. Cornelius Byers, e. August, 1861, taken prisoner at Wii8hiii6ton, Tenn., September 30, 1863. In Libby and Andersonville seventeen months. Sergt. Patterson Bradley, e. September 23, 1861. Sergt. A. S. Chears, e. September 24, 1861, disc. October 6, 1864. Sergt. John W. Chapin, e. September 24, 1861, wounded at (Jhickamauga, Ga., September 20,1863, disc. October 6, 1864. Sergt. C. S. Irwin, e. April 23, 1861, Sixteenth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, three months, disc. August 18, 1861 ; e. September 27, 1861, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20. 1863, disc. September 13, 1865. Sergt. James W. Robbins, e. October 1, 1861, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., August 27, 1864, disc. September 13 1865. Sergt. A. L. Sesler, e. October 26, 1861, taken prisoner at Courtland, Ala., July, 1862, disc. September 13, 1865. Sergt. Elliott Young, e. September 23, 1861, taken pris- oner at Washington, Tenn., September 30, 1863, in Libby and Andersonville prisons seventeen months, disc. "March 14, 1865. Corp. William Griffith, e. September 24, 1861, wounded at Columbus, Ga., April 16, 1865, disc. September 13, 1865. Corp. A. A. Hill, e. February 15, 1862, disc. September 13, 1865. Corp. William B. Harriott, e. February 26, 1864, disc September 9, 1865. Corp. A. W. Lock, e. October 1, 1861, wounded at Perry- ville, Ky., October, 1862. Corp. John M. Shnltz, e. September 22, 1861, wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June, 1864, and at Ebenezer Church, Ala., April 1, 1865, disc. September 13, 1865. Corp. John F. Young, e. September 28, 1861, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, disc. September 13, 1865. Armstrong, Thomas, e. August 13, 1861, killed at Atlanta, Ga., August, 1864. Anderson, David, e. September 2.3, 1861, died at Corinth, Miss., May, 1862. Bull, Eugene M., e. February 26, 1864, disc. September 13, 1865. Brant, Martin, e. September 25. 1861, died at Louisville, Ky., January, 1862. Bidwell, M., e. February 27, 1864, dis. September 13, 1865. Clark, S. P., taken prisoner at Courtland, Ala.. July, 1862. Clements, J. C, e. September 22, 1861. Chapman, S. W., e. September 26, 1861. Corporal Darrah, Samuel, e. September 24, 1861, cap- tured flag of Seventh Alabama Cavalry, at Decatur, Ala., May 26, 1864, died in Missouri. Evans, E. D., e. February 26, 1864, disc. September 13, 1805. Ewing, James S., e. February, 1864, died at Columbus, Ohio, March 19, 1864. Fox, Henry C, e. September 3, 1861. Gill, James, e. October 20, 1861, died at Corinth, Miss. July, 1862. George, Hannibal, e. February 26, 1864, killed at Moul- ton, Ala., May 29, 1864. Goff, Presley E., e. October 15, 1861, wounded at Wash- ington, Tenn., died in Andersonville Prison. Garner, Edward, died in Andersonville Prison. Garner, A. M., a. February 26, 1864, disc. September 13, 1865. Griffith, Jeremiah, e. February 16, 1864, killed at Kene- saw Mountain, Ga., June 16, 1864. Henry, James, e. September, 1861, taken prisoner at Washington, Tenn., September 30, 1863, in Libby and Andersonville Prisons. Hiser, William, e. August 15, 1861, wounded at Chicka- mauga, Ga., September, 1863, died of wounds received at Lovejoy, Ga.. August 21, 1864. Hill, Edward A., e. August 15 1861, killed at Paint Rock, Ala., December 1863. Hill, Augustus, e. February, 1864, disc. September 28, 1865. Hahn, D. G., e. March 29, 1865, disc. September 13, 1866. Jones, Francis, e. February 26, 1864, drowned in Cotton Indian Creek, Ga., August 21, 1864. Johnson, William, e. November 24, 1861, killed at Cleveland Tennessee, November 24, 1863. MILITARY RECORD. 527 IiDcaB, B. F., e. September 27, 1861, killed at Courtland, Ala., July 23, 1862. Newland, William, drowned in Cumberland River, near Clarksville, Tenn., March, 1862. Nedrow, David, e. September 10, 1861, taken prisoner at Washington, Tenn., September, 1863, disc. January 26, 1865. Orr, A. S„ e. September 18, 1861, killed at Chickamauga, Qa, September 20, 1863. Pearl, George, e. September 22, 1861, killed at Lovejoy, Ga., August 20. 1864. Ruehlen, S. H., e. November 28, 1861, disc. December 4, 1864. Ruehlen, William, e. September 28, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Robbins, D. M., e. February 26, 1864, disc. September 13, 1865. Robbing, Z. S., e. February 23, 1864, disc. January 12, 1865. Stamats, M. E., e. October 1, 1861, disc. October, 1864. Spicer, 0. L., e. October 1, 1861. Thompson, M. F., e. February 23, 1864, disc. June 16, 1865. Thompson, Milton L., e. February 23, 1864, disc. June 26, 1865. Tway, L. B., e. October 26, 1861, disc. September 13, 1865. Wedo, Frederick, e. September 24, 1861. Died in Ander- sonville prison. Warner, H. D., e. February 25, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenu., April 2, 1864. Veterinary Surgeon John F. Winters, e. September 25, 1861, disc. October 6, 1864. Taken prisoner at Court- land, Ala., July 25, 1862. THIRD OHIO CAVALRY. The Third Ohio Cavalry was organized in September, 1861, under Col. Lewis Zahm. It operated with Buell in Tennessee, took part in the siege of Corinth and was engaged in the battle of Chickamauga. It joined Sherman's Atlanta campaign, participating in the engage- ment at Kenesaw, Peach Tree Creek and De- catur. A fter the fall of Atlanta it followed in pursuit of Hood, fighting at Franklin and Nashville; then joined the Wilson raid through Alabama and Georgia, losing heavily at Selma. This regiment was mustered out August 14, 1865. Hill, N.N. Wood, Frank. COMPANY D. COMPANY F. FIFTH OHIO CAVALRY. The Fifth Ohio Cavalry was organized in August, 1861, under Col. H. H. Taylor. It took an active part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, the siege of Corinth, and in the en- gagement at Davis' Mill. It was present at the battle of Chattanooga, and followed Sherman to Knoxville. It joined the Atlanta campaign, and having lost most of its horses, acted as in- fantry. It was attached to Kilpatrick's com- mand, and with him marched to the sea, and moved through the Carolinas, fighting and raiding all the way. After the war, this regi- ment served in North Carolina until mustered out October 30, 1865. COMPANY H. Sergt. Miles Gregory, e. February, 1862, disc. 1865. Carter, John. COMPANY c. Gleason, Charles. Qeuninger, Joseph. COMPANY M. Lyttle, Samuel, e. December 26, 1863, disc. November 21' 1865. COMPANY K. Weldon, Robert, e. August 10, 1864, disc. 1865, wounded at Deep Bottom, Va. SIXTH OHIO CAVALRY. The Sixth Ohio Cavalry was organized in Oc- tober, 1861, under Col. William R. Lloyd. It served in the Shenandoah Valley, and was en- gaged in the battles of Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain and the second Bull Run. It took part in the advance on Fredericksburg, and in the battles of Kelly's Ford and Gettysburg. It participated in a number of engagements in Meade s advance on the Rapidan. In the spring of 1864, the Sixth joined Grant's ad- vance on Richmond, taking part in the many hard-fought battles culminating in the fall of ♦hat place. It was mustered out in August, 1865. COMPANY M. Bugler T. W. Burns, e. December 1, 1863, disc. June 27, 1865, taken prisoner at Vaughn's Road, 1864, wounded at Habaker's Run, 1865. COMPANY c. McClurg, John, e. June 18, 1861, disc. 1864. SEVENTH OHIO CAVALRY. This regiment was organized October 3, 1862, under Col. Israel Garrard. It operated in Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina, and in July, 1864, joined Sherman's Atlanta cam- paign, fighting almost daily. After the fall of that city it moved north and met the enemy at Franklin and Nashville, then followed in the pursuit of Hood across the Tennessee. In March, 1865, it joined Wilson's raid, fighting its way to Selma, Ala., and while pursuing the enemy to Andersonville, the news of Lee's sur- render was received. The Seventh Ohio was mustered out July 4, 1865. COMPANY A. Baxley, W. H. COMPANY F. Sergt. J. S. Howland, e. October 8, 1862, disc. 1865, wounded at Dandridge, Tenn., December 31, 1863. EIGHTH OHIO CAVALRY. The Eighth Ohio Cavalry was organized March 28, 1864, under Col. Samuel A. Gilbert. It moved to Virginia, and in June joined Averill's raid on Lynchburg. It engaged the enemy at Liberty, and again at Beverly. A part of the regiment participated in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. In January, 1865, the enemy surprised the camp and captured 500 officers and men. They were taken to Libby Prison, where they re- mained until exchanged in February. The regiment was mustered out in August, 1865. COMPANY E. Price, E. L., e, December, 1863, disc. July 30, 1865. COMPANY r. Slagle, James F., e. March 7, 1864, disc. July 30, 1865. 528 UNION COUNTY COMPANT 1. McNier, William H., e. April 14, 1864, disc. July 30, 18C5, died at home in 1868. NINTH OHIO CAVALRY. The organization of this regiment was com- menced in December, 1862. In April, 1863, four companies, designated as the First Bat- talion of the Ninth Ohio Cavalry, entered the field in Kentucky ; but it was not until Decem- ber, 1863, that the regiment was completed by the organization of the Second and Third Bat- talions. It moved to Athens, Ala., to patrol the Tennessee River. In July, 1864, it joined the Atlanta cam- paign, marched to the sea, fighting at Waynes- boro ; moved through the Carolinas, partici- pating in the engagements at Aiken, Averys- boro, Bentonvilleand Raleigh, and after Johns- ton's surrender, was mustered out August 2, 1865. COMPANY C. Sergt. James McCune, e. 1862, disc. 1865. COMPANY O. Bailey, S. S., e. June, 1863, disc. August, 1865. TENTH OHIO CAVALRY. The Tenth Ohio Cavalry was organized in October, 1862, under Col. Charles C. Smith. It operated with the Army of the Cumberland in Tennessee, participated in the battle of Chick- amauga, and was actively engaged in all of Kilpatrick's movements during the Atlanta campaign. It followed Sherman to the sea, fightingat Macon, Griswoldsville, Waynesboro, and other places along the route ; then moved north through the Carolinas. It was mustered out July 24, 1865. COMPANY A. Flowers, Edward, e. December 4, 1862, disc. July 24, 1865. Voris, John H., e. December 4, 1862, died at Sweetwater, Ga., August 16, 1864, of wounds. COMPANY B. Saddler Heath Stewart, e. October 17, 1862, taken prison er November 24, 1864. Powell, Henry, e. October 7 1862, disc. 1865. Smith, M. B., e. October 10, 1862, disc. July 24, 1865. Turner, William N., e. February 10, 1863, died Tenn., June 28, 1863. COMPANY C. Mullen, Daniel, e. February 25, 1864, disc. July 24, 1865 COMPANY D. Mattox, John A., Co. D, e. May 7, 1861, disc. June 17, 1865. Wright, Alonzo, e. September 17,1864, disc. July 24, 1864. COMPANY E. Sergt. J. P. Martin, e. August 18, 1862, disc. October 18, 1865. COMPANY M. Sergt. Thomas Moore, e. June 6, 1863, disc. January 24, 1865, died at Rich wood, Ohio, in 1868. Corp. Sherman McBratney, e. April 7, 1863, disc. July 24, 1865. Bosh, James D., e. June 7, 1863, disc. July 24, 1865. Bosh, W. J., e. June 7, 1863, disc. July 24, 1865. George, James S., e. April 10, 1862, July 24, 1865. Linder, Wallace, e. April 1, 1803, disc. July 2, 1864. Linder, William W., e. April 6, 1863, disc. July 24, 1865. Mclntire, Darius, e. June 1, 1863, disc. November 2, 1864, ELEVENTH OHIO CAVALRY. This regiment was organized by battalions ; the organization being completed in July, 1862, was assigned to Indian warfare. It had about 1,000 miles of country to picket and was en- gaged in almost innumerable skirmishes. The ground of its operations was in the center of the Rocky Mountains, and embraced portions of Nebraska, Dakota, Colorado, Utah, Oregon. Idaho and Montana. The first Battalion was mustered out April 1, 1865 and the remaining companies not until July, 1866. COMPANY C. Corp. Anson Baughman, e. December 12, 1861, disc. April 1, 1865. Benedict, W. H., e. August 25, 1864, disc. 1865. COMPANY F. Benedict, John B., e. 1861, disc. 1862. COMPANY G. Sergt. Calvin Holbrook, e. June 12, 1863. Finch, S. J., e. June 12, 1863, disc. 1865. Gearheart George, e. June 10, 1863. COMPANY K. Ports, William, e. February 23, 1864, disc. July 14. 1866. TWELFTH OHIO CAVALRY. The order for raising this important regi- ment was issued on the 20th of August, 1863. So zealous were the officers instructed with this care, and so filled with patriotic impulses were the true men that responded to the call that on the 24th day of November, 1868, the regiment was organized complete and ready for what- ever duty awaited it. The men furnished from Union County were assigned to Company C. While the organizaiton was yet incomplete, six companies were called to Johnson's Island to guard prisoners and meet, if need be, the threatened invasion of rebels from Canada, in- tent on releasing the 8,000 imprisoned rebel officers there. The companies thus employed were A, C, D, F, I and L. The other companies were quartered at Camp Chase until February, 1864, when the whole regiment was brought together at Camp Dennison. Here it was mounted, armed and vigorously drilled until the 27th day of March, when it started to the front and entered upon its memorable career. Its first duty was to assist Gen. Burbridge in breaking up the armed bands of guerrillas and bushwhackers in Kentucky. Scattering itself over that State, it soon became a terror to marauders and rebel sympathizers, dispersed the guerrillas and restored order. This task accomplished with commendable promptness, the Twelth joined in an expedition against Saltville, Va. But after a toilsome journey of several days, it was halted and turned about to make one of the most rapid marches known to warfare, traveling over 180 miles in fifty hours. It struck the rebel forces at Mt. Sterling, Ky., on the 9th of June, 1864, and gallantly led the charge. In this battle the regiment fought many times its number, but never for a moment wavered. At one time sixty men of the Third Battalion, MILITARY RECORD. 529 mostly from Company C, fought a rebel regi- ment for thirty minutes, losing many precious lives, but holding its ground till help came. Of this devoted little band. Union County fur- nished Joseph Smith, Hylas S. Moore and J. L. Cameron, others now living here Edward Routs, Fredrick Keller, Uriah Jolley and John Van Pearse, of Company M. For its gallantry the Twelth was compli- mented at the close of the fight by Gen. Bur- bridge, who remarked that it had saved the ' day for him. These laurels were dearly bought for the loss of the regiment all told was 197 men. Of these were Maj. Moderwell, shot through the abdomen, (afterward recovered) ; Capt. Hunter, through shoulder; Orderly Sergt. Alfred Wetterigeand Corp. Conner, killed, and many others of Company C wounded, among whom were J. 0. Sweet, Peter Black, William Blue, Jefery Williams and Bently Williams. The battle lasted all day, and at night the regiment remained on the battle-field. Com- pany C, chosen for special guard duty, got no rest. Three days and nights' marching and fighting was now to be followed by a gallop of thirty-three miles to Lexington on the 10th ; fresh horses drawn and on to Paris, Ky., on the 11th. Awaiting here for supplies and am- munition until evening, the regiment again mounted and forward for a nights' march to Cynthiana. Early on the morning of the 12th of June, while darkness was yet so dense that the lurid jets of powder flame blazed from the carbines, the regiment was leading the charge again in battle, sustaining itself heroically, and gaining a complete victory in this engage- ment. On the 14th of June the regiment re- ceived the thanks and congratulations of Presi- dent Lincoln and the Secretary of War, and was again complimented for its gallantry by the commanding General. Again braking into detachments, the Twelfth scattered over Kentucky, dispensing marauders and keeping order, until the month of Septem- ber, when it concentrated at Mount Sterling and again started with Gen. Burbridge's expe- dition to Saltville, Va. The expedition led over 300 miles without provision trains, tents or ambulances, was cause of much privation, and on the 2d of Octo- ber was again at its accustomed place leading the advance into one of the most hotly con- tested battles of the war. The rebel fortifications were in the ' deep mountain gorges and rendered operations by mounted men impossible, yet, dismounted, the Twelfth made again and again its famous car- bine charges and reaching well up to the ene- mies' works. All day long the battle raged in the mountain fastness, but toward the close of the day ammunition was exhausted and the rebel forces re-enforced by 5,000 of Gen. Early's fresh troops, and Gen. Burbridge was compelled to abandon the expedition. Company C had all day been doing duty on the body guard of Gen. McLane and its couriers dashed here and there through the battle carrying orders. A rapid retreat began, and as it still had ammu- nition Company C was detailed a special guard for the 'rear, and many times during that dis- astrous night and the following day did this devoted little band halt in the mountain passes and hold the pursuing foe in check while the retreating column hurried on. Forty-nine men of the Twelfth lay dead or wounded on the field of battle of this eventful day. Returning to Lexington the regiment re-or- ganized, drew fresh horses and supplies, and on the 10th of November was again in the saddle marching toward Cumberland Gap. Reaching that point on the 26th, scattering again, it was engaged a short time destroying bands of marauders around Bean Station and Rodgersville. Gen Stoneman now took com- mand, and being joined with Gen. Gillem the whole force, including the Twelfth, was in the earlier part of December marching in a third expedition against Saltville. On the morning of December 15, Kingsford was reached and a strong rebel force appeared on the opposite banks of the river. Halting his column, Gen. Stoneman sent Gillem to cross above and prepare for battle. The impatience of the Twelfth knew no bounds when in sight of the gray uniforms and eagerly they awaited the bugle sound to charge. That coming, with a wild yell they galloped up to the horses' joints in water to the opposite bank ; opening a fire from carbines, and revolvers at short ranges the en- emy was for a moment confused and Gen. Gillem then coming up aided to complete the rout. Pursuit was given, and many of the enemy lay dead along the road, as the Twelfth poured into their fleeing ranks volley after volley from their carbines. Hurrying forward, Bristol was reached just before day. The Yankees dashed in, and in less than half an hour Bris- tol, with all its immense stores, was ours. Halting to complete the destruction of the rebel supplies and tearing up the railroad, the col- umn again pushed forward to Abington. At Abington, Company F, of the Twelfth, a special escort of Gen. Burbridge, led the charge, and the regiment following, that place was taken, with a large number of prisoners and immense military supplies. Sergt. Sherburn of Company F, and Lieut. Holt were both wounded, the former fatally. Several others of the regiment were wounded. Pushing on, the column struck the army of the rebel Gen. Vaughn, which soon broke in confusion, and the boys of the regiment joined in a headlong chase of five miles, with drawh sabers. Many pieces of artillery were here taken. Without halting, the troops pushed on. and on the 12th the regiment had the grim satisfaction of leading the charge into Saltville, capturing the place where so many prisoners were lost a few months previ- ous. Every vestige of the place was de- stroyed. Returning, Wytheville was cap- 530 UNION COUNTY tured, and many skirmishes were had in the surrounding country. At the close of the day on the 17th, a desperate battle was fought with the troops of Breckinridge and Vaughn, near Marion. Here the brave Orderly Sergeant, John Van Pearse. of Company M, was seriously wounded while aiding to form the line. Maj. Moderwell, the favorite of the regiment, was ag'iin among the wounded. Returning from this raid, the regiment collected at Lexington to draw fresh horses and close up the broken ranks. Scattering again, it was a short time doing general patrol duty and looking after rebel sympathizers and bushrangers in Ken- tucky; coming together again the last of Febru- ary, at Louisville, Ky., the whole joined Stone- man's command and embarked for Nashville by river. On through to Murfreesboro, and thence to Kuoxville, where a veteran brigade was formed by uniting the Twelfth Ohio, Fifteenth Pennsylvania and Tenth Michigan Cavalries. On the 20th of March, this brigade was in motion marching out to Strawberry Plains, thence on through Bull's Gap, Jones- boro to Yadkin Paver. The stream was badly swollen, and several comrades drowned. Uriah Jolly was rescued here by Comrade Cam- eron. Pausing a short time to close up the ranks, the forces swept on galloping through Jackson- ville, on to the line of the Virginia & Tennes- see Railroad at Christiansbury. This road was torn up and destroyed for many miles. Sweep- ing down into North Carolina, the Danville & Richmond Railroad was struck and destroyed for a great distance. Hastening on, the troops brought up before Salisbury, a rebel force under Pemberton with several pieces of artillery came out to defend the town. Scarcely halting, the Twelfth led on the charge, and in spite of all opposition, Salisbury was soon in flames, many Union prisoners were released, and immense quanti- ties of military stores consigned to the flames. On the 17th of April, the regiment marched on to Lincolnton, which place was captured by a charge led by Company C, of the Twelfth, un- der Lieut. Stewart ; 200 picked men, under Maj. Moderwell were now chosen to march eighty miles to the Catawba River crossingand destroy the bridge of the Charlotte & South Carolina Railroad. On the morning of the 80th, they came across the forces of Vaughn and Duke. Sweeping down upon them, cut their way through, captured thirty-five prison- ers, a large quantity of small arms and two pieces of cannon and some seven officers and 228 men ; paroling the prisoners on the spot, the command returned to the regiment at Dal- las, Company C having some wounded, but not fatally. On the 23d, the regiment started for Knoxville ; but learning that President Lincoln had been assassinated, they joined in a head- long chase after Davis. Finally returning to Sweet Water, Tenn., thence on to McMinville, thence to Nashville, on the 24th of November, the regiment was discharged. Of 1,462 men, only 628 remained. Thus melted away and passed into history the brave and patriotic Twelfth Ohio Cavalry. COMPANY C. Corp. William Bushing, e. September 26, 1863, disc. No- vember 14, 1865. Corp. Jesse L. Cameron, e. October 23, 1863, disc. August 31, 1865. Corp. Uriah Jolly, e. October 15, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. Chanuell, William S., e. September 7, 1863, died in hos- pital at Lexington, Ky., August 10, 1864. Moore, H. S., e. October 5, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. Routt, E. E., e. September 7, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. Smith, Joseph, e. October 21, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. COMPANT D. Edgar, Jacob, e. October 1, 1863, disc. October 1, 1865. COMPANY I. Ackely, Jacob, e. November 6, 1863, disc. November 14, 1865. COMPANY K. Corp. William H. Davis, e. September 27, 1863, disc. Oc- tober 12, 1865, wounded and taken prisoner June 8, 1864. COMPANY M. Sergt. John Van |Pease, e. October 9, 1863, wounded and taken prisoner at Marion, Va., December, 1864, disc, by General Order No. 77, dated at Washington April 28, 1865, disc. June 10, 1865. THIRTEENTH OHIO CAVALRY. The Thirteenth Ohio Cavalry was organized May 6, 1804, under Col. Stephen R. Clark. It immediately joined the Army of the Potomac, and, acting as infanti-y, participated in the battles of White House Landing and Charles City, in the siege of Petersburg and in the en- gagements at Weldon Railroad, Ream's Station, Poplar Grove Church, Pegram's Farm and Boydtown Plank-road. In December, 1864, the regiment received cavalry equipments. It took part in the battle at Hatcher's Run, aided in the rout, destruction and capture of the army under Lee, and was mustered out of the service August 10, 1865. COMPANY A. Corp. George Moder, e. February 22, 1864, disc. August 10, 1865. COMPANY B. Blacksmith E. L. Bicbardson, e. December 17, 1864 disc. May 3, 1865. COMPANY 0. Wright, G. W., e. February 10, 1864, disc. June 5, 1865. COMPANY G. Second Lieut. J. E. Corey, e. December 17, 1863, wounded at Mooriield, died at home, disc. June 5, 1865. Corp. Lewis Logan, e. April 24, 1864, wounded at Rich- mond, disc. May 25, 1865. Corey, C. L., e. February 24, 1864, disc. August 25,1865. Green, John, e. April 5, 1864, disc. June 5, 1865, died at home. Morrow, W. M., e. March 28, 1864, disc. June 16, 1865. Morrow, John A., e. March 20, 1864, disc. June 5, 1865. UNION LIGHT GUARD.* " This organization was perfected in Decem- ber of 1863, and was intended by Gov. Tod as ♦Taken from " Ohio in the War." MILITARY RECORD. 531 the body-guard of President Lincoln. The Governor had previously visited Washington, and while there noticed the unguarded situa- tion of the capitol, the President's house and the person of President Lincoln, and knowing the desperate character of the Cabinet at Rich- mond, he came home somewhat apprehensive for the safety of the public offices, and more especially for the life of the President. He at once commenced raising the Union Light Guard, by I'ecruiting one man in each county of the State. By December 22, 1868, the com- pany was completed, and on the morning of that day it started for Washington City. "Reaching the capital, its commanding officer reported to the Secretary of War, and was as- signed to duty in and around the city, a strong detail being placed near the President's house, the Treasury building. War office, and other public buildings. "In this description of duty the Union Light Guard served through 1863-64-65, and part of 1866, when it was sent home to Ohio, paid, and mustered out of the service. Its original strength was 103 men." Quartermaster Sergt. W. P. AndersoD, e. November 30, 1863, disc. September 9, 1865. Sergt. W. J. Barbour, e. November 14, 1863, disc. Septem- ber 9, 1865. Lawrence, Joseph, e. November, 1863, disc. September 9, 1865. SEVENTH INDEPENDENT COMPANY SHARP-SHOOT- ERS, OR Sherman's body guard. This company was mustered into the service for three years, at Cleveland. Ohio, on the 27th of January, 1863, with the following commis- sioned officers : Watson C. Squire, Captain ; William McCrory, First Lieutenant; and James Cox, Second Lieutenant. This Company first served under Gens. Rose- crans and Thomas, and participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. At the commencement of the Atlanta cam- paign, was ordered to Gen. Sherman's head- quarters, and remained on duty near the per- son of the Commanding General until the close of the war. The Company was commanded by Capt. Squire until he was detailed as Judge Advo- cate, after the battle of Chickamauga ; then by Capt. McCrory, except during the march to the sea, when, in the absence of Capt. Mc- Crory, Lieut. Cox assumed command. The Company was mustered out at Camp Chase on the 28th of July, 1865. COMPANY 7. Capt. William M. McCrory, e. October 8, 1862. Sergt. William M. Hains, e. August 28, 1862, disc. July 12, 1865. Corp. N. G. Dillon, e. October 12, 1862, disc. March 10, 1865. Atha, P. H., e. October 18, 1862, died at Camp Dennison, 1864. Bushon, James, e. February 28, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Dirfliuger, L., e. February 25, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Dirflinger, E., e. February 25, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Davidson. William, e. October 8, 1862, disc. July 28, 1865. Dickson, Samuel, e. October 11, 1862, disc. September 8, 1863. Furrow, James, e. ^■•l.lu■•l\ _' ■, I'rci taken prisoner at Kingston, Ga., 1864, disc. June 9, 1865. Furrow, Edward, e. February 25, 1862, taken prisoner at Kingston, Ga., 1864, disc. June 9, 1865. Foote, George W. Foote, Andrew J., e. February 28, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Foote, Thomas I., e. February 28, 1864, died at Chatta- nooga, Tenn., March 20, 1865. Gnibb, Daniel, e. October 12, 1862, disc. July 28, 1865. Grimes, William H., e. February 26, 1862, disc. July 28, 1865. Huffman, John, e. February 28, 1864, disc. July 28. 1866, Johnson, James E., e. October 18, 1862, disc. July 28, 1865. Larkum, L., e. October 18, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn., August 20, 1863. liingrell, H. C, e. February 28, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Mclntire, William, e. October 12, 1862, taken prisoner near Kingston, Ga., November 8, 1864, disc. June 9, 1865. Mullen, D. M., e. February 28, 1864, disc. July 28, 1865. Merser, B., e, October 11, 1862, died in hospital at Mur- freesboro, Tenn., April 27, 1863. Stickuey , John, e. October 12, 1862, disc. 1865, died at home Dec. 11, 1875. Yantis, Augustus, e. February 25, 1864, died at Borne, Ga. July 11, 1864. EIGHTEENTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY. About forty men were recruited in Union County for this regiment. Of this number fif- teen died on the field and in the hospitals, four were wounded and three were taken prisoners. The Eighteenth Regiment United States In- fantry was composed of twenty-four companies. The Second Battalion of eight companies was organized at Camp Thomas, near Columbus, Ohio, during the summer of 1861. H. B. Car- rington. who was then Adjutant General of Ohio, was appointed Colonel of the regiment. Col. Carrington was afterward promoted to Brigadier General. The regiment was ordered to Kentucky, early in the winter of 1861, and its first battle was at Mill Springs, under Gen. Thomas. It marched with the army under Gen. Buell to Pittsburg Landing, took part in the siege of Corinth, and was engaged in the battles of Per- ryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta. The regiment sustained its heaviest loss in the engagement at Stone River. After the fall of Atlanta, it was transferred to the Twenty-third ("orps, and fought under Gen. Schofield at Franklin and Nashville, Tenu., then moved with the corps to the Department of the East, and at the close of the war was at Fort Fisher. During the greater part of the war, the regi- ment was commanded by Maj. Townsand. It was a splendid regiment, and saw much hard service in the Army of the Cumberland. On every battle-field where it fought the Eight- eenth was conspicuous for the bravery of its officers and men. COMPANY A . Brown, Ira, e. September, 1862. Crist, Alfred, e. October, 1861, died at Lebanon, Ky., De- cember, 1862. Courtright, A., wounded on picket in Tennessee. Henderson, George A. Johnson, A. A., e. September 19, 1861, disc. May 9, 1862. Kezerty, Tip, disc. 1862. 532 UNION COUNTY KnNey, George. LaRue, W. H., e. September 12, 1861, killed at Chicka- uiauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Loop, J. P., e. August 3, 1861, disc. June 27, 1862. Phips, Aaron, disc. 1863. Rboads, Orville, e. September 9, 1861, taken prisoner at Suake Creek, Ga., June 17, 1864, died in Anderson ville prison August, 1864. Khoads, W. W., e. September 9, 1861, disc. February 16, 1863. Sash, Charles, disc. 1862. COMPANT C. Browning, H. A., e. August, 1861, disc. 1864. COMPANY D. tiergt. Charles Andrews, Sergt. Joseph Kahler, e. August 6,1861, disc. March 7, 1867. Anderson, James, e. September 4, 1861, killed at Dallas, Ga., 1864. Brittian, John, e. August 6, 1861, died at Nashville, Tenn. Beals, George W , e. August 6, 1861, died at Nashville, Tenn., 1862. Harper, Elisha. Holycross, Henry, e. 1861, died at Lebanon, Ky., 1861. Philips, Daniel. Rider, Henry, killed at Ringgold, Ga., 1863. Stierhoof, George, killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. COMPANY E. Woolly, John, e. September 1, 1861, disc. June, 1865. COMPANY F. Sergt. R. W. Evans, e. October 22, 1861, disc. October 22, 1864. Corp. Charles W. Bell, e. October 22, 1861, disc. October 22, 1864, wounded and taken prisoner at Stone River, Tenn., January 1, 1863. Cheney, Alonzo, died at Lebanon, Ky., December, 1862. Converse, Jasper, e. August, 1861, disc. August, 1864. Wilson, George, missing at Cbickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. White, Alexander. COMPANT G. Sergt. G. J. McAdow, e. November 23, 1861, disc. Novem- ber 23, 1864, wounded at Cbickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. McAdow, James W., e. September 15, 1862, killed at Cbick- amauga, Ga., September 20, 1863, Riderner, Henry, e. September, 1861, killed at Resaca, Ga., 1864. COMPANY H. Sergt. James McClung, e. March 4, 1862, disc. 1865, wounded at Cbickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Sergt. W. M. Myers, e. January, 1862. disc. September, 1863, taken prisoner at Cbickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Debolt, John W., e. March, 1862, disc. March, 1865, taken prisoner at Munfordsville, Ky. Dial, Amos, e. 1863, died at Chattanooga, Tenn. Gamble, Robert. Gamble, William, missing at Cbickamauga, Ga., Septem- ber 20. 1863. FIRST REGIMENT UNITED STATE.S COLORED TROOPS. COMPANY O. Mitchell, N., e. November, 1863, wounded at Black Water, Mo., February, 1865. FIFFH REGIMENT U. S. C. T. This regiment was organized during the summer and fall of 1863, and Col. J. W. Conine was commissioned commander. In December, it joined Gen. Wild in the raid to Elizabeth City, N. C. ; in January, 1864, moved to Yorktown, and in May accompanied Gen. Butler in the expedition against Fortress Monroe and Petersburg. From the beginning of the siege of Peters- burg, in June, until the 15th of August, the regiment was almost constantly in the trenches, building forts, or on the skirmish line ; and on the 29th of September took an active part in the battle of Chapin's Farm, the storming of New Market Heights, and the capture of Fort Harrison. It joined Gen. Terry's expedition against Fort Fisher and Wilmington, and was afterward engaged in the assault on Sugar Loaf and Fort Anderson ; then marched to Raleigh. N. C. The Fifth was discharged on the loth of Oc- tober, 1865, at Columbus, Ohio. COMPANY A. Mayo, George W., wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 39, 1864. Dious, Patrick, e. January, 1864, disc. April, 1865. COMPANY D. Johnson, A. J., e. August 25, 1864, disc. August 28, 186*. COMPANY E. Taborn, James, e. January, 1865, disc. April, 1865. Taborn, John, e. January, 1865. Hill. William. COMPANY H. TWELFTH REGIMENT V. 3. C. T. COMPANY M. Sanders, Streeter, e. January 17, 1865, disc. January 29, 1866. TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT V. S. C. T. The Twenty-seventh Regiment U. S. Colored Troops was organized at Camp Delaware, iu January, 1864, under Col. Blackburn, Com- panies A and B being composed of recruits from Union and Logan Counties. In April, the regiment entered the field, and having been assigned to the First Brigade, Fourth Division, Ninth Army Corps, com- menced the campaign of 1864 in Virginia. It took a prominent part in the assault upon Cemetery Hill, Petersburg, Va., on the 30th of July, 1864. this being the first engagement in which the regiment was actively engaged. Of the troops from Union County, Harrison Taborn was killed, and H. H. Chavous and W. D. Evans were wounded in this engagement. The regiment next shared in the expedition against Fort Fisher and in the capture of Fort Buchanan, with about five hundred prisoners. It then operated in North Carolina until the close of the war, when it moved to Columbus, Ohio, and was mustered out of the service in September, 1865. COMPANY B. Sergt. S. Heathcock, e. 1864, disc. 1865. Corp. William Mifflin, e. 1864, disc. 1865. Chavous, H. H., e. January 11, 1864, wounded at Peters- burg, Va., July 30, 1864, disc. February 10, 1865. Chavous, James, e. January 8, 1864, disc. September 21, 1865. Evans, W. D.. e. January, 1864, wounded at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Taborn, Martin. Taborn, Harrison, e. January, 1864, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. COMPANY G. Richardson, M., e. 1864, disc. September, 1865. '/^vC^^ .^^.^^^^<^>^^i^^£^:^^l^__ MILITARY RECORD. 533 COMPANY H. Harrison, J. H., e. April, 1864, disc. 1865. COMPANY I. Butcher, Joseph, e. August 29, 1864, disc. September 4, 1865. FIFTY-FIFTH MASSACHUSETTS C. T. KECEUITED IN UNION COUNTY. Burns, William, e. May 2.3, 1863. Hill, William, e. May 23, 1863. Lewis, A. D., e. May 23, 1863. Malone, James, e. May 23, 1863. Malone, Ezekiel, e. May 23. 1863. Owen, O^born, e. May 23, 1863. Kichey, Henry, e. May 23, 1863. White, George, e. May 23, 1863. MISCELLANEOUS. This list contains the names of soldiers of the county where there are only one or two represented in an organization, but the ma- jority of the names are those of soldiers who enlisted from other counties, and many of them from other States, but who now reside in the . county. Ayers, D. W., Company B, Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Infantry, e. March 1, 1864, disc. July 1, 1864. Anthony, John, Company A, Third Virginia Volunteer Infantry, e. 1862. disc. 1863. Anderson, T. T., Company E, United States Engineers, e. February 1, 1865, disc. September 1, 1865. Adams, P. C , Company G, Eighth Indiana Cavalry, e. January, 1864, wounded near Chattanooga June 30, 1864, disc. June, 1865. Andrews, Byron, Fourteenth Heavy Artillery, e. June, 1861, disc. July, 1865. Amrine, R., Company E, Eighteenth Missouri Infantry, e. July 27, 1861, disc. July 26, 1805. Adams, L., Company L, Second Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery, e. Juue 5, 1863, disc. September, 1865. Bidwell, Benjamin. Brannan, K. H., Company B, Seventy-fourth Illinois In- fantry, e. 1862, disc. 1864. Banks, John, United States Navy, e. 1862, disc. 1864. Sergt. T. M. Brannan, Company G, Seventy-sixth Illinois Infa 'try, e. August 22, 1862, wounded at Jackson, Miss., and i lakely, Ala., disc. July 22, 1865. Baldwii A. Brown, . ames W. Beem, Pi rry A., Company B, Forty-fourth Illinois In- fantry, died at Mound City, 111., 1863. Beatty, E., Company I, Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, e. August 19, 1863, disc. August 23, 1865. First Lieut. 0. Beem, Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois National Guards, e. May, 1865, disc. Octobfr, 1865. Beaver, Willi; m. Beaver, John. Bell, S. L., Fourteenth Ohio Light Artillery, e. 1862, disc. 1865. Bell, F. L., Fonrieenth Ohio Light Artillery, e. December 11, 1801, wounded at Atlanta, Ga., 1864, disc. August 9, 1865. Beswick, William, Company K, Ninth Iowa Infantry, e. September 17, 1801, disc. July 29, 1865. Beams, T. J., Fourteenth Ohio Light Artillery, e. Decem- ber 11, 1861, disc. 1865. Bellus, A. C., Ninth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, e. May 20, 1861, disc. June 10, 1865. Baugliman, H., Tenth Ohio Light Artillery. Baughman, S. II., Tenth Ohio Light Artillery. Burgoon, C. W., Company G, Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, e. May, 1862, disc. February, 1805. Blackburn, M., One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Clark, Isaiah, Twenty-second Ohio Light Artillery, e. May 13, 1863, disc. July 13, 1865. Carder, J. H., Company B, Forty-fourth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, e. January, 1864, disc. 1865. Carey, E. M., e. September, 1864, disc. July 7, 1865. Cassill, Alexander, Fourteenth Ohio Battery, e. 1861, disc. 1864. Crist, Alexander, Company F, Seventieth New York Volunteer Infantry, e. September 1, 1861, leg shot off at Stafford Court House, Va., April 3, 1862, disc. Sep- tember 16, 1862. Cushman, M., Mechanics' Department, e. 1802, disc. 1864. Corp. 0. Culver, Company L, Third Iowa Cavalry, e. May, 1861, disc. June, 1865. Cunningham, T. Chamberlain. Isaac, e. September 16, 1862, disc. February 18, 1863. Culver, L., Company L, Third Iowa Cavalry, e. May, 1861, di.sc. June, 1805. First Lieut. James B. Cole, Fourth United States Cavalry, e. June, 1862, disc. 1871. Major Llewellyn Curry, United States Navy, Paymaster. Steward Daniel Cone, United States Navy, e. January 14, 1802, disc. September 30, 1802. Claflin, H. S., Company D, Twelfth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, e. October 13. 1802, disc. February 15, 1866. Coffin. Isaac. Company H, Twelfth Kansas Infantry. First Lieut. X. N. Dillon, Company M, Ninth Illinois Cav- alry, e. May, 1861, killed at Franklin, Tenn., 1864. Second Lieut. William C. Dillon, Company M, Ninth Il- linois Cavalry, e. May, 1861. disc. June, 1805. Davis, A., Company H, e. May, 1804, disc. 1864. Sergt. E. J. Drake, Company I, One Hundred and Tenth New York Volunteer Infantry, e. August, 1862, disc. August, 1864. Dilsaver, E.. e. October, 1862, disc. June, 1864. Dennis, L. B., Company H, Fifteenth New York Engi- neers, e. April, 1801, disc. August, 1863. Dow, E. L., Thirteenth Ligtit Artillery. Eaton, Charles, Thirty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, died at home June 1.5, 1863. Evans, William. Lieut. D. T. Elliott, Company I, Nineteenth Indiana Bat- tery, Independent ; One Hundred and Forty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, e. August 3, 1861, wounded at Perry ville, Ky., October, 1802, and at Nashville, Tenn.; taken prisoner at Chattanooga, Tenn., disc. 1805. Fields, H. E. W., One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Veteran Reserve Corps, e. February 27, 1864, disc. July 20, 1865. Foote, George W., Thirteenth Battery. Fleming, William M., Company C, Third Virginia Cav- alry, e. August, 1864, disc. June, 1865. Focht, D., Fifteenth Battery, e. December, 1863, disc. July, 1865. Orderly D. S. Ferguson, Company G, One Hundred and Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, e. April, 1861, disc. December, 1865. Gum, R. G., Tenth Ohio Battery, e. January 20, 1864, disc. May 28, 1864. Galliher, Thomas. Horr, C. S., Company C, Sixth Michigan Volunteer In- fantry, e. August, 1862, disc. 1865. Heath, A. J., Twenty-second Indiana Infantry, e. Jan- uary 12, 1863, disc. July 14, 1865. Capt. John Hobensack, Company F, First New Jersey Cav- alry, e. August 1, 1861, wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., and at New Hope Church, Va., disc. July 10, 1865. Sergt. W. C. Hastings, Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, e. May 12, 1804, disc. 1805. Haag, John M., Company I, Twenty-third Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, e. August 10, 1802, disc. July 26, 1865 Haines, William M., e. August, 1862, taken prisoner at Kingston, disc. 1865. Harrison, A. Harper, Thomas A., Company B, Fourth Veteran Reserve Corps, e. October 30, 1861, disc. November 8, 1864. Henderson, E. Artillery. Hornbeck, T., Company F, Thirty-fifth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, e. December, 1864, disc. November, 1865. Hemiuger, G. F., Company H, Twenty-second Iowa Vol- unteer Infantry, e. August 14, 1802, wounded at Vicks- burg, Miss., died at Memphis, Tenn., June 8, 1803. Hill, Thomas, Company G, Twentieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, e. April 24, 1861, disc. July 9, 1864. Harris, 0. I., Company B, One Hundred and Eighty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Hartley, F. P., Company A, Third Illinois Cavalry, e. Au- gust, 1861, disc. March, 1862. Lieut. E. S. Hubbard, Company C, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, e. October 3, 1801, disc. 1865. Sergt. F. Jennings, Company A, Ninety-sixth Pennsylva- nia Volunteer Infantry, e. February 15, 1862, disc. June 26,1865. Jackson, Andrew, Company C, First Pennsylvania Cav- alry, e. July 1, 1861, wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., 1862, taken prisoner at Richmond, 1864. 534 UNION COUNTY Corp. Thomas Keberry, O^mpany A, Third Illinois In- fantry, e. January, 1864 disc. 1S65. Kent, Warren, Company K, e. May 1, 1864, disc. August 8, 1864. Kesot, Isaiah, Company E, Sixty-ninth Indiana Volun- teer Inrantr.y e. November, wounded at Mobile, Ala., April 9, 1864, disc. November 22, 1864. Kinney, George, Company F, Eighth Michigan Cavalry, e. November 22, 1862, taken prisoner .January 18, 1864, disc. 1865. Kimble, John, One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Kyle, William. Conipany B, Thirty-seventh Iowa Volun- teer Infantry, e. May 2, 1864, disc. May 28, 1864. Kent, P., Company D, Ninth Minnesota Infantry, e. Au- gust, 1862, disc. August, 1864. Lower, Samuel, Company G. Leonhard. Alexander, Thirteenth Ohio Battery, e. No- vember 28, 1861, disc. November 27, 1865. Lock, Benjamin, Company D, Ninteenth Illinois Volun- teer Infantry, e. April, 1861. Latimer, George W., United States Signal Corps, e. Feb- ruary 2!i, 1865, disc. 1865. Low, Clark, Fourteenth Battery. Logan, L., Artillery. McFarland, A. H., Company C, First Maryland Cavalry, e. November 11, 1862, disc. July 3, 1865. McAdams, Perry, Company K, First United States Cav- alry. McCampbell, J. L., Company C, First Ohio Heavy Artil- lery. Melching, F. W., Company G, Twenty-first Illinois Vol- unteer Artillery, e. June, 1861, disc. December, 1865. Miller, John. Mallory, J. S., Company H, Thirty-seventh Illinois Vol- unteer Artillery, e. August 10, 1863, disc. February 23, 1865. Morris, John P., Gunboat service. Nick, ('., e. September, 1862, died at Nashville, Tenn. Numeral, W. Patch, H., Company H, Fifteenth Veteran Reserve Corps, e. August, 1862, disc. July, 1865. Poling, 0., e. August, 1863, disc. 1863. Price, David, e. March, 1865, disc. July 30, 1865. Powers, J. B., Second Battery, e. May, 1862, died at Murfreesboro, 1863. Corp. 0. S. G. Perry, Forty-first Illinois Volunteer Ar- tillery, e. August, 1861, died at Jackson, Miss , Septem- ber, 1862. Perry, John, Ohio Dragoons, e. December 18, 1861, disc. February 8, 1862. Perry, George S., Forty-first Illinois Volunteer Artillery, e. Novenibf-r, 1861, died at Paducah, Ky., December, 1861. Paugh. Richaid. Page. Thomas, One Hundred and Sixtieth Veteran Re- serve Corps, e. August, 1862, disc. June, 1865. Pyers J. M., Company H, Seventeenth United States In- valid Corps, e. August, 1862, disc. March, 1864. Roseberrv, L., Company E, Seventy-ninth Indiana, e. September 24, 1861, disc. 1863. Surgeon R. A. Robertson, Nineteenth Michigan Volun- teer Infantry, e. May 12,1862, resigned June 25, 1864. Robbins, .Tohn, Company A, Fifth Indiana Battery, e. July 3, 1863, disc. February 15, 18(31. Rifharda, .Joseph, Fourteenth Light Artillery. Pyden, W. P., Company C, Seventh Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Reed, Nelson C, Gunboat service, e. March 15, 1864, disc. March 27, 1865, served on United States gunboat " Nymph." Reed. Alexander, Company H, Seventh Iowa Volunteer Infantry, e. July 20, 1861, disc. December 26, 1861. Wounded. First L'eut. George Ruehlen, Seventeenth United States Infantry, e. June 1, 1868. Souih, S. C, Company D, Twenty-sixth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, e. May, 1861, disc. 1861. Southwirk J. A., Company E, Twelltli Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, e. August 12, 1862, disc. June 16, 1865. Corp. I. J. Sigler, Company G, Twelfth Veteran Reserve Corps, e. D'cember, 1861, disc. December, 1864. Spring, James A. Swe'i ringer, Peter, Company D, Seventh United States In- fantry, e. March 29, 1870, disc. March 29, 1875. Stanton, A., Company L, Fourth Illinois Cavalry, e. Sep- tember, 1861, disc. September, 1864. Sorgt. J. C. Stubert, Company K, Merritt's Horse Regi- iment e. September 9. 1861, disc. October, 1864. Savage. R. G. Tenth Ohio Light Artillery, e. January, 1862, disx:. January, 1863. Sanderson , William N., Company B, First Iowa Cavalry, e. March 4, 1864, disc. November 15, 1865. Stiner, Joseph, Company F, United States Engineers, e. August 8, 1862, disc, j'une 27, 1865. Schatz, W. F., Company 6, Thirty-eighth Pennsylvania .\rtillery, e. August 22, 1862, disc. August 3. 1865. Tway, Nelson, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, e. May 7, 1863, disc. September 5, 1864. Corp. W. T. Tway, Company G, Thirty-third Indiana, In- fantry, e. 1861, taken piisoner at Thompson's Station, March 5,1863, disc. June 26. 1864. Ta\lor, M. F., e Ju'y, 1861, disc. November, 1861. Thomas, George W., Company C, Fifty-fifth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, e. May 15, 1863, disc. 1865. Thompson, R'chard, Company A, Twenty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, e. June 15, 1861, disc. October 11 1862. Thomas, A. J., e. January, 1863, disc. 1865. Musician A. W. Torrence, Second Brigade, Third Division Sixth Army Corps, e. December, 1863, disc. April, 1865. Corp. A. S., Turner, Compan.y C, e. August 5, 1862, taken prisoner March 27, 1864, disc. 1865. Valentine, W. M., Company K, Thirteenth Missouri Vol- unteer Infantry, e. 1861, died September 26, 1862. Van Gordon, J. W., Company G, Thirty-third Illinois Volunteer Infiantry, disc. December 24, 1865. Wood, W. T., Company D, One Hundred and Seventh Ill- inois Volunteer Infantry. Woods, H., Company I, Sixth Veteran Reserve Corps, e. August, 1862, disc. July, 1865. Winget, M. L., Company G, Seventh Missouri Volunteer Infantry, e. June, 1861, disc. June 14, 1864. Warner, Charles Q., Company H, Fifty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, e. December, 1862, disc. August, 186.5. Wintrode, J., Company G, Eighty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, e. April, 1862, disc. July, 1865. Adjt. C. R. Winget, Seventy-third Illinois Volunteer In- fantry, killed at Chickamauga, Ga., September 20, 1863. Sergt. L. Wurtsbaugh, Company D, Seventh United States Infantry, e. March 29, 1870, died at Fort Shaw, Mon. Ter.. December, 1872. Woodrutf, William, Company C, First Kentucky Battery, e. August 19, 1861, disc. 1865. Wells, Jeremiah, Company D, Seventh United States In- fantry, e. March 29, 1870, died at Fort Shaw, Mod. Ter., January 17, 1873. Walke, William. One Hundred and Sixtieth Reserve Corps, p. August, 1862, disc. June, 1865. Wells, Edward. Webster, W. A. W'elsh, L. A., United States Signal Corps. Watt, Horace, Fifth Indian;i Battalion, e. August, 1863, disc. March, 1864. WHiitacre, E., Fourteenth Battalion. Weldon, Robert, Company K, e. August 10, 1864, wounded at Deep Bottom, Va.. 1864, disc. 1865. .SIEGE OF CINCINNATI. When Ohio was threatened by invasion in September, 1862, Cincinnati especially being in danger of desfruction, and the Governor called for intnediate help, hundreds of strong men poured forth from every county in the State. On horseback and on foot — in companie.«!, battalions and regiments — with squirrel rifles, shot-guns and bayoneted muskets — in regula- tion uniforms and in plain home-spun, they hurried forward to the music of the soul-stir- ring drum and fife, and took their places in the ranks of war. Inside of three days Cincinnati was swarm- ing with legions of brave soldiers, and "from early dawn to dewy eve," the streets re- sounded to the tre.ad of martial columns. The rebels were before the city about eight days, but it was not attacked. And soon after their withdrawal, the men who were thereaf ter to be known in history as " squirrel-hunt ers," were permitted to return to their homes MILITARY RECORD. 535 SftUlEREL HUKTEKS IN SEKVICE SEPTEMBER, 1862. Captain, Charles Fnllington. First Lieutenant, R. Smith. Second Lieutenant, K. B. Linman. Sergeant, J. C. Filler. Sergeant, Joseph Keltner Sergeant, H. C. Tutrign. Sergeant, A. M. Sherwood. Corporal, David Danforth. Corporal, B. G. Dolbier. Corporal, Charles Erb. Corporal, W. H. Fleck. Corporal, 0. Griswold. Corporal, William Howard. Corporal, Anthony Moran. Cori oral, Charles Philips. PRIVATES. Argo, P. S. Beck, Thomas. Black, N. N. Burnham, H. A. Berwin, W. Bland, Peter. .Beard, F. Beard, D. Box by, Joseph. Bodkin, William C. Bennett, John F. Bidwell, Joseph. Carter, C. M. Cobit, John. Curry, Addison. Crusan, W. Crowstan, D. R. Danforth, Hyram. Dort.J. B. Dort, J. B. Diehl, W. Dixon, H. Dilland. H. Evans, B. D. Fritz, Jacob. Flowers, J. W. Fay, D. C. Goih, John. Gillespie, J. H. Gibson, Samuel. Hopkins, J. M. Hill, A. Kimerly, Frederick. King, H. J. Kent. George. Lock wood, F. Lansdown, Picket. Lape, Zachariah. Myers, A. E. Mears, J. M. Marrim, John. Maker, Albert. Morris, A. Miller, Harrison. McCune, Zachariah. Morse, Wallace H. Morse, John. Morse, Bay G. Mitchell, Ross. Nuffman, John. Nuflman, A. W. Orahood, John. Orahood, W. W. Reed, C. Reed, Allen. Reed, Samuel. Richey, William. Richmond, J. W. Stewart, G. Scott, Samuel. Smith, R. B. Sterns, Justin, f^mith, Harvey. Smith, (!. W. Smith, James. Sands, A. Spur J. T. Spindle, AmoB. Thompson, D. W. Turner, W. Turner, V. Voree, J. H. Van ess, J. Walker, A. W'aike, Isaac. Wilkins, R. Wise, Samuel. Wilcox, J. B. Wilcox, William. Wenille, Joseph. In 1863, over twenty thousand soldiers, the remnants of about eighty Ohio regiments — that for three years had endured the hard- ships of camp life, the suiferings of the march, and the horrors of many battle-fields — offered themselves anew, a willing sacritice to their country's need, by re-enlisting in the same regiment for " three years more, or during the war." Of these regiments, the Sixty-sixth was the first to return to the State after its re-eulist- ment. on the veteran furlough of thirty days, by which the Government, expressed, in a measure, its gratitude and admiration for their loyalty and patriotism. It arrived at Colum- bus, Ohio, on the 26th of December, 1863, and was followed in rapid succession by a stream of others. While home their broken ranks were filled wi>h new recruits, and after "a month of joys and pleasures, a day of leave-taking and tears," they again took the field, perhaps for three years, perhaps never to return. SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEEE INFANTKY. Doudna, Benjamin. TENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Hay den, W. W. THIRTEENTH OHIO VOLUNTEEK INFANTRY. Andrews, H. D. Child, Isaac Clark, David Coe, Joseph Courtney, D. W. Doty, Samuel Draper, John Draper, B. Draper, Gideon Farnham, W. H. Foote, A. H. Gibson, Joseph Graham, P. B. Griffith, E. M. Kennedy, H. H. Price, John C. Thompson, Tyler Wilson, William H. Wheeler, W. H. FIFTEENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Burwell, H. SfVENTEENTH OHIO VOLf NTEER INFANTRY. Andrews, C. C. Grubbs, Benjamin Btuer, P. H. Jordan, W. U. Ballinger, H. M. Logan, George Corbet, John Logan, Ephraim Connow, James Spencer, Samuel Cowgill, J. G. Straiten, D. L. Decker, H. H. Walker, Samuel Grubbs, Thomas TWENTIETH OHIO VOLUNTEEK INFANTRY. Case, E. W. McMahan, W. W. TWENTY-SECOND OHIO VOLUNTpER INFANTRY. Jacobs, Charles H. TWENTY-THIRD VOLDNTEER INFANTRY. Huffman, C. W. Spencer, James S. McDowell, T. C. Spicer, William TWENTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Howison, W. L. TWENTY-SEVENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTKY. Cooper, J. H. THIRTIETH OHIO Beach, Amos Beach, Joseph Beach, Horace Burton, B. Bain, J. D. Buckley, Joseph Buckley, Samuel Collier, William Dennis, W. C. Engle, John Freblnvater, George Graham, H. Huffine, W. H. Hufliner, Lewis Hahn, W. F. Hahn, W. H. Hill, Andrew Laccource, A. VOLUNTEER INFANTKY. Laymaster, D. D. Martin, Theodore Moore, F. M. Merryman, J. M. Mahaffy, Alexander Mclntire, James Noble, Lewis C. Porter, John A. Perry, Luther Roney, Hiram Skinner, L. B. Smith, 0. D. Stephens, Saulsberiy. Thomas, Byron Urton.T. P. Warner, Elijah Wells, Addison Wallace, A. J. THIRTY-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEEK INFANTRY. Andrews, H. D. Argo, Emanuel Brighaiii, Eaton Brake, William M. Babbs, John C Bault, R. N. Bault, R. W. Bethard, Thomas Craven, B. F. Clark, Emanuel Chapman, T. H. Chapman, Jesse Cahill, James A. Carter, J. N. Cahill, David J. Cooley, James Carter, Cyrus Cair, Wm. W. Dodds, R. C. Elliott, John Eastman, R. H. Fields, John 536 UNION COUNTY Filler, Charles W. Gladhill, J. Glasscock, Joseph Gilliland, N. P. Harriman, Joshua Harriman, George Holden, Jacob Higgins, A. J. Lister, Elijah Laurence, J. S. McKee, W. W. McNeil, Samuel Miller, J. J. North, James A. Oatley, Jerome TIIIBTV-SECOND Bates, J. L. R. Bates, Ancil Bates, Thomas M. Brothers, Jesse Cook, George \V. Chancj', William Conner, Florence Davis, J. W. Diltz, L. G. Deavers, Bloses Downer, A. N. Galloway, S. P. Goodyear, W. J. Glendening, A. D. Groves, D. C. Hopkins, Marion Hill, William Holycross, L. M. Hamilton, Isaac Hyde, F. E. Kurd, L. Jacques, Vernon Jimpson, Benjamin. Jacobs, George E. Keys, H. H. Lock, Benjamin. Lane, John M. Lawler, James W. McDowell, John P. McDowell, Andrew, Pinkerton, J. S. Price, Joseph Roberts, B. F. Stout, W. H. H. Sterling, David Shirk, T. H. Swank, N. F. Strickland, A. Simmons, H. N. W. Turner, John Turner, Jeremiah Williams, R. Williams, William Wright, C. 0. Wells, D. W. OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. McDowell, T. C. McLain, W. M. McCloud, David. McCoUums, V. McAdams, W. H. Mcintosh, H. I. Merrifleld, I. W. Nelson, J. 9. Peters, J. K. Peters, George F. Robinson, J. B. Reed, E. H. Reed, Cyrus H. Rosecrans, William. Sinclair, George. Sparks, George M. Stark, Gilbert J. Stark, Gideon. Secrist, S. C. Safford, James E. Snodgrass, W. G. Swisher, C. N. Sullivan, M. Stewart, C. H. Stewart, John. Shepherd, J. H, Webb, Dwight. Wiley, John. Wren, Thomas P. Welsh. Matthias. TniRTY-THIRP OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Acton, William THIRTY-EIOHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Garrett, J. M. Haines, Samuel. THIRTY-NINTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Daugherty, Benjamin. rORTT-SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Southard, J. E. FORTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Banks, Samuel J. Noggle, Andrew. Noggle, VV. D. FORTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Botkins, T. Ferguson, N. Botkins, J. B. Hurt, Alex. FORTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Andrews, William G. Ketner, Rnfus. Bennett, William. Graham, C. M. Harriot, William B. Obedier, William. Smith, Aldem. Webb, George. FIFTY-THIED OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Skidmore, George. FIFTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Andrews. A. R. Goff, R. N. Allen, G. W. Lavine,T. H. Cook, David. Nessle, George. Clark, James. Starr, .John. Case, Alfred. Stevens, Marion. Ferguson, A. J. Wade, Thomas. Goldsberry, M. Weiser, J. H. Goldsberry, W. FIFTY-EIGHT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Reichling, John. Smith, David. Richey, J. G. SIXTY-THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEEB INFANTRY. Organ, M. G. Seville, T. V. SIXTY-FIFTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, McGuire, J. N. SIXTY-SIXTH Amrine, Alfred. Amrine, John W. Beightler, Daniel. Burris, Murtin. Bancroft, AVilliam. Cody, Edward. Draper, Henry. Elliott, Felix. Edgington, J. Griffith, Daniel. Gibson, F. M. Goal, J. W. Guy, James, Guy, William. Gray, James. Grow, George. Horney, J. Kent, Thomas. OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Mcllroy, J M. Myers, J. K. Maggs, James F. Mills, James. McGlinn, James. Monroe, D. B. McKitrick, J. H. Orahood, H. P. Sharp, Henry. Shout, I. Smith, John. Smith, J. F. Smith, Matthias. Scott, William. Sharp, B. B. Wilcox, Charles E. Wyant, John J. Welsh, Nathan. SEVENTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Dawson, William. SEVENTY-SIXTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Brooks, J. p. Tilton, J. W. Dull, John. Surgeon Andrew Sabine. Tracy, Henry. SEVENTY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Furgeson, W. Fry, W. F. EIGHTY-SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Alexander, G. B. Alexander, J. J. Ault, W. D. Biggs, Henry. Bolenbaugh, D. D. Bombaugh, Lewis. Burgoon, W. S. Boyd, W. H. H. Boyer, A. D. Curl, C. S. Cahill, T. B. Davis, J. P. Davis, Washington. Fawn, George. Henson, D. Horn, Thornton. Hyde, W. D. Hill, Peter. Horn, Thomas. Kennedy, George W. Kepler, A. H. FIRST OHIO Armine, T. H. Allen, F. P. Burrows, E. Cole, M. C. Curry, W. L. Halliday, Thomas. Irwin, R. W. Irwin, C. S. Lock. A. W. McKim, John. Lanning, J. G. McGinnis, A. M. McGoon, David. McElderry, John. McGee, 51. H. McPeck, George M. Marsh, Blilton. Porter, David. Parker, N. S. Ross, William. Rea, 0. A. Rose, Albert. Rothwell, J.T. Rice, G. N. Rose, Edwin. Smith, J. S. Thompson, W. H. Wright, J^mes W, Winters, James S. Whaley, Alvin. VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. Montgomery, H. D. Newlove, John. Pyers, Emett. * Robbins, James W. Sesler, A. L. Tracy, D. Tway. L. B. Young, Elliott. Young, John F. FOURTEENTH OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY. Andrews, Bryon. FOURTEENTH OHIO LIGHT ARTILLERY. Bell, F. L. Beams, T. J. FIRST NEW JERSEY CAVALRY. 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S CO - •: 5 83Bttig!' ^ J^ «> J* e.P5 a. a. a. a. a. a."' a,*^ B-ssaassa-oS-s J d d 5' B ;>."=-; '^ !Z ^ a> - 5 d « E "S [2 fei '*.f5 .'^ '^ S S ^^.^.bE^.^a-al^^s B^ 3-|~-i%W§?-g ffl w r;^ a- jg Q J 1-3 fe as cu tf '- ■^ be *• bio ^- ^ ^ ^i^ t* ^ C /3<0-< l-3 ^>-Ki-3i^sZ< H CO ^ ^ . CO X CD — — QOCOCOf-lr-tcOfNOOCO CO X CD ■ CO CO §222 '"'_-' -?5 co"m -55 ci xi ^ ^ ^ = — ©a;©* op.a' • •^^ « ^ . se . I^ p^ ; CD r- r- CO CSi -**< »0 "^ CC O "jC. - - - CO CO OD C: CO Tj< I OliO^O0^CDt--rt<^C000 Oi— Olr-tMOOO00(NO ■"• 10 CD r- 00 0> O i-H (M CO 540 UNION COUNTY LOSSES BY REGIMENTS, OF UNION COUNTY SOL- DIERS. Ist 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 2d U. V. I.— Enlisted, 9 ; killed, 1 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 2. Total loss, 4. 3d 0. V. 1.— Enlisted, 8 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 2. Total loss, 3. 4th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 13 ; killed, 1 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 2. Total loss, 4. 6th 0. V. I,— Enlisted, 4 ; killed, 1. Total loss, 1. 7th f). V. I.— Enlisted, 2; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 8th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 10th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. nth 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 3. 12th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 13th 0. V. I., three months.— Enlisted, 94 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 13th 0. v. I— Enlisted, 163; killed, 20; died, 25 ; wound- ed, 17 ; prisoners, 11. Total loss, 73. 14th 0. "V. I.— Enlisted, S ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 15th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 13 ; died, 2 ; wounded, 1 ; prison- oner, 1. Total loss, 4. 16th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 47 ; died, 13 ; wounded, 6 ; pris- oners, 6. Total loss, 25. 17th 0. V. I., three months.— Enlisted, 32. 17th 0. v. I.— Enlisted, 47 ; died, 8; wounded, 3, Total loss, 11. 18th 0. V. 1.— Enlisted, 23; died, I; wounded, 3. Total loss, 4. 19th 0. V. I— Enlisted, 4; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 20th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 5 ; wounded, 1 ; prisoner, 1. To- 21st 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4; killed, 1; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 2. 22d 0. V. I.- Enlisted, 3 ; died, 1 . Total loss, 1. 23d 0. V. 1. — Enlisted, 8 ; died, 1; wounded, 2; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 4. 24th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 25th 0. V 1.— Enlisted, 2 ; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 1. 26th 0. V. I. — Enlisted, 11 ; wounded, 3 ; prisoner, 1. To- 27th 0. V. I.- -Enlisted, 3 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total 28th 6. V. I.— Enlisted, 2 ; di'ed, 1. Total loss, 1. 29th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 30th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, IOC ; killed, 10 ; died, 28 ; wound- ed, 15 ; prisoners, 2. Total loss, 55. 31st O. V. I— Enlisted, 1.30; killed, 8 ; died, 17 ; wound- ed, 28 ; prisoners, 7. Total loss, CO. 32d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 216; killed, 8 ; died, 27; wound- ed, 13 ; prisoners, 7. Total loss, 54. 'i'id 0. V. 1. — Enlisted, 1 ; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 1. 34th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4 ; killed, 1. Total loss, 1. 38th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 39th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 40th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 36; killed, 4; died, 7; wounded, 3. Total loss, 14. 4l8t 0. V. I. — Enlisted, 3 ; woinded, 1. Total loss, 1. 42d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 13; killed, 1 ; died, 5 ; wounded, 1 ; prisoner,!. Total loss, 8. 43d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 8; wounded, 2. Total loss, 2. 44th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 6. 45th 0. V. I. — Enlisted, 21 ; died, 5 ; wounded, 2 ; prison- ers, 4. Total loss, 11. 46th 0. v. I.— Enlisted, 27 ; killed, 5; died, 2; wounded, 1 ; prisoners, 2. Total loss, 10. 47th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 3 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 48th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 7; died, 1; wounded, 1. Total 52d O.'v. I.— Enlisted, 1. 53d 0. v. I.— Enlisted, 2. 54th 0. V.I. — Enlisted, 54; killed, 1 ; died, 10; wounded, 6. Total loss, 17. 55th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 56th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 58th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4. 60th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4. 6l8t 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4 ; killed, 1 ; wounded, 2 ; prison- ers, 2. Total loss, 5. 62d O. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 63d 0. V. T.— Enlisted, 8 ; killed, 1. Total loss, 1. 64th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 65th V. 1.— Enlisted, 4. 66th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 194; killed, 16; died, 27; wound- ed, 28 ; prisoners, 11. Total loss, 82. C9th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total 70th 6. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 71st 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 74th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 3 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 76th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 12; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 78th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 4. 79th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 80th 0. V. I.- Enlisted, 2. 81st 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 7 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 82d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 133; killed, 8; died, 21; wounded, 38; pris..ners.l2. Total loss, 79. 83d 0. V. I.— Enlisted. 1. 85th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 86th (3 months) 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 85 ; died, 1. Total loss. 1. 86th (6 months) O. V. I. — Enlisted, 112 ; died, 7 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 8. 87th 0. V. I. — Enlisted, 3 ; prisoners, 2. Total loss, 2. 88th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 44 ; died, 4. Total loss, 4. 89th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 90th 0. v. I. — Enlisted, 3 ; wounded, 1 ; prisoner, 1. To- tal loss, 2. 91st 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 94th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 1. 95th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 19; killed,!; died, 4; wounded, 3; prisoner,!. Total loss, 9. 96th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, !38; killed, 2; died, 43; wound- ed, 12; prisoner,"., 7. Total loss, 64. 97th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 3. 98th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 99th 0. V. I —Enlisted, 2. 102d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 104th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 107th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 3. 110th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 111th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 113th 0. V. 1.— tOnlisted. 10; wounded, 2. Totiil loss, 2. 114th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, !. 115th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 116th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 117th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 118th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 120th 0. v. 1.— Enlisted, 1. 121st O.V. I.— Enlisted, 300; killed, 17 ; died, 42; wound- ed, 83; prisoners, 32. Total loss, 174. 122d 0. v. I.— Enlisted, 3 ; wounded, 2. Total loss, 2. 12.5th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 126th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 2. 128th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 2. 129th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 14 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 173d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 174th 0. V. 1— Enlisted, 206; killed, 7; died, 19; wound- ed, 21. Total loss, 47. 175th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 5 ; killed, 1. Total loss, 1. 176th 0. \. I.— Enlisted, 4 ; died, 2. Total loss, 2. 178th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 5 ; died, 2. Total loss, 2. 179th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 12 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 180th 0. V. 1.— Enlisted, 19; died, 2. Total loss, 2. !82dO. V. I.— Enlisted, 4. 184th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 6. 185th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 10. 186th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 6. 187th 0. V. I— Enlisted, 112; died, 4; wounded, !. Total loss, 5. 188th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 6. 19l8t 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 18. 192d 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 20; died, 3; wounded, 1. Total loss, 4. 194th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 196th O. V. I.— Enlisted, 12. !98th 0. V. I.— Enlisted, 1. 13l8t 0. >f. G.— Enlisted,!. 132d 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 8 ; died, 1. Total loss, 1. 133d 0. N G.— Enlistel, 6; died,!. Total loss, 1. 134th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 9; wounded, 1. Total loss, !. l;i5th O. N. G.— Enlisted, 5; died, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 2. 136th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 274 ; died, 8. Total loss, 8. 14l8t 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. !42d 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 144th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 2 ; killed. 1. Toial loss, 1. 145th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 7. 146th (I. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 148th O. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 154th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 159th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 2. 163d 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 169th 0. N. G.— Enlisted, 1. 17l8t 0. N. G.— Enlisted, !. IstO. V. C— Enlisted, 88 ; killed, 9; died, 13; woutided, 12; prisoners, 11. Total loss, 45. 2d 0. V. C— Enlisted, 2. MILITARY RECORD. 541 5th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 6; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 6th 0. V. C. — Enlisted, 2; wounded, 1; prisoner, 1. Total loss, 2. 7th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 2 ; wounded, 1, Total loss, 1. 8th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 3. 9th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 2. 10th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 17; died, 2; prisoner,!. Total loss, 3. 11th 0. V. C —Enlisted, 7. 12th 0. V. C. — Enlisted, 11; died, 1 ; wounded, 2 ; pris- oner, 1. Total loss, 4. 13th 0. V. C— Enlisted, 2 ; wounded, 2. Total loss, 2. 7th 0. S. S. — Enlisted, 25 ; died, 6; prisoners, 3. Total loss, 9. Union L. G.— Enlisted, 3. 18th U. S. I —Enlisted, 40 ; killed, 6 ; died, 9 ; wounded, 4; prisoners, 3. Total loss, 22. Ist D. S. C. T.— Enlisted, 1 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 5th U. S. C. T.— Enlisted, 5. 12th U. S. C. T.— Enlisted. 1. 27th U. S. C. T —Enlisted, 9 ; wounded, 1. Total loss, 1. 55th Mass. U. S. C. T.— Enlisted, 8. Squirrel Hunters. — Enlisted, 92. U. Co. Mies. — Enlisted, 47 ; died, 1 ; wounded, 1 ; pris- oner, 1. Total loss, 3. Miss.— Enlisted, 107; killed, 1; died, 8 ; wounded, 10; prisoners, 5. Total loss, 23. Total.— Enlisted, 3,538; killed, 133; died, 400; wounded, 360; prisoners, 142. Total loss, 1,035. UNION COUNTY S HEROIC DEAD.* Paris Township — James Adams, William Burns, Ben- jamin Belt, John Barbour, John Cassil, D. G. Cassil, Will- iam Dines, Charles Eaton, W. Fulton, J. G. Hawkins, James Heasley, M. C. Lawrence, John Marks, S. Mc- Fadden, John H. Price, James Russell,William Scott, Fred. Scott, James Smith, J. D. Smith, A. Weaver, Harrison Lansdown, John Reischling, all buried in Marysville Cemetery ; Ransom Kees, Amrine Cemetery. Claibourne Township. — John Adams, Emerson Allen, W. W. Beardsley, Leet Bonham, William J. Graham, Dr. T. B. Hamilton, R. D. Haynes, Dr. A. J. Irwin, George W. Jolliff, H. H. Livingston, William Layton, Thomas Moore, J. K. Mclntire, A. D. Neal, C. L. Pugh, Joseph Swartz, William Shackelford, George Sharks, William Sparks, J. J. Van Sant, William Wells, S. H. Mitchell, Dr. P. H. Bauer, all repose in Claibourne Cemetery. Mill Greek Township. — Silas Acret, Samuel Covey, S. H. Gray, W. D. Haggard, George Skidmore, Charles Thomp- son, all rest in Watkins Cemetery. Taylor Toxonship. — Reuben Orrahood, Wellington Arm- > strong. Darby Toionship. — James Anderson, Maxim Brown, William Brown, George Conklin, James E. Conklin, Mil- ler Conklin, Andrew Dockum, William Freet, W. Goles- berry, Ira Hubbard, Elisha Harper, Lester Holycross, William Laughead, C. Low, — ■ McLean, W. H. McNier, George Mitchell, Christopher Nick, George Poland, David G. Robinson, George Sager, Edwin Sager, Robert Snod- grass, Daniel Wolford, James Walker, rest in Mitchell Cemetery, and Gottlieb Boehm, George Stierhoff, Ferdi- nand Schrock, repose in the German Cemetery. Leesburg Township. — Harrison Carpenter, James Hud- son, Rice Jewett, Than Jewett, Daniel Mulvane, J. W. McAdow, A. Rosecrans, Alexander Scott, Joseph White, Isaag White, Samuel Walters. Dover Township. — J. N. Bonnett, Henry Black, Lewis Bowen, Joseph Columber, Hamlet Duvall, William Fulk, John Griffith, Christopher Hurley, George Hotfman, William Polen, Leonard Bichey, John Ralston, Jonah Sulivan, Samuel Van Gordon, Charles Wilcox. Jerome Township. — S. B. Beard (Ewing Cemetery) James Clark, David Cook, James S. Ewing, James Gowan (California Cemetery), Theodore Martin, John Patterson, L. Stethern, David \Voodbuin, David Bair, 0. B. Cone, James Hill, Robert McDowell, J. V. McDowell, Frank Mclntire (all California Cemetery) ; William Wise, Henry Hensil, Robert Patterson (Franklort Cemetery). Washington Township. — Alvin Allen, Homer Allen, James Bird, George W. Foute, A. J. Foute, J. P. Miller, Edward Wells, D. F. Wells. *Thi3 list is not complete, as it was not possible to find all of the graves, as some of them are not marked. Jackson Township. — J. M. Cheney, Alonzo Cheney, L. Carter, J. G. Perry, B. F. Roberts, Allen Roberts. Liberty Township. — William C. Brooks, William R. Cranston, Jacob Clapsadle, A. C. Drake, William Dobbins, A. C. Glasscock, Robert Rea, James F. Shearer, James Smith, John Strickney. Allen Township. — A. Davis, William Davis, Mart L»on- ard, James Wilber, lie buried in Buck Run Cemetery; Duncan Spain, Elisha Dobbins, Spain Cemetery. Union Township. — H. W. Blake, Enoch Burrows, Peter Bland, Henry Burnham, Grafton Downes, A. Davis, S. W. Gay, French Garwood, Joseph Hammond, Valorus Haw- ley, Hiram Hawley, George Kent, James League, W. H. McAdams, J. H. Ne.al, Alvin Porter, Deville Rose, James Ryan, Nathaniel Ryan, William P. Rigdon, George H. Reed, Lewis Stillings, Silas Snudgrass, David Silver, Ben- jamin Shirk, Emmet Webb, George Wilson, William Wil- son, Royal Webster, all repose in Milford Cemetery, John Ewing (Wood's Cemetery), Benjamin Hathaway (Hathaway Cemetery). York Township. — J. E. Corey, John Green, Henry Hoover, Adam Hoover, Samuel Hoover, J. H. Johnson, Gideon Kernes, Henry Morman, Lewis Motman, W. D. W. Mitchell, William Mcllroy, Thomas Patrick, H. T. Shirk, A. J. Smith, William Toby, William Wright, E Yarringtcn, all sleep in McKendrie Cemetery. Mathew Crabtree, D. D. Miller, Samuel McMillen, J. G Miller, Jonathan McEldery, Charles M. Patterson, William Spicer, T. J. Thompson, A. Whaley, J. J. Yantis, George Yates, all rest in York Cemetery. William Anderson, A. Baldwin, William H. Drake, Joseph Southard, L. A. Southard, G. S. Southard, James K. Titsworth, William H. Winner. NATIONAL MILITARY CEMETERIES. INTERMENTS. Name of Cemetery. Known. Unknown. Total. Annapolis, Md , 2285 204 2489 Alexandria, La., 534 772 130G Alexandria, Va., 3402 120 3522 Andersonville, Ga., 12793 921 13714 Antietam, Md., 2853 1818 4671 .Arlington, Va., 11915 4349 16264 Ball's Bluff, Va., 1 24 25 Barrancas, Fla., 798 657 1455 Baton Rouge, La., 2469 495 2964 Battle Ground, D. C, 43 43 Beaufort, S. C, 4748 4493 9241 Beverly, N. J., 145 7 152 Brownsville, Tex., 1417 1379 2796 Camp Butler, 111., 1007 355 1362 Camp Nelson, Ky., 2477 1165 3642 Chalmette, La., 6837 5674 12511 Chattanooga, Tenn., 7999 4963 12962 City Point, Va., 3788 1374 5162 Cold Harbor, Va., 673 1581 2254 Corinth, Miss., 1789 3927 5716 Crown Hill, Ind., 681 32 713 Culpepper, Va., 456 911 1367 Custer Battlefield, M. T , 262 262 Cypress, Hills, N. Y., 3710 ""'76 3786 Cave Hill, Ky., 3344 583 3927 Danville, Ky., 335 8 343 Danville, Va., 1172 155 1327 Fayetteville, Ark., 431 781 1212 Finn's Point, N. J., 2644 2644 Florence, S. C, "'l99 2799 2998 Fort Donelson, Tenn., 158 511 669 Fort Gibson, I. T., 215 2212 2427 Fort Harrison, Va., 239 575 814 Fort Leavenworth, Kan , 835 928 1763 Fort McPherson, Neb., 152 291 443 Fort Smith, Ark., 711 1152 1863 Fort Scott, Kan., 390 161 551 Fredericksburg, Va., 2487 12770 1.5257 Gettysburg, Pa., 1967 1608 3575 Glendale, Va., 284 961 1245 Grafton, W. Va., 634 629 1263 Hampton, Va., 4930 494 5424 Jefferson Barracks, Mo., 8584 2906 11490 Jefferson City, Mo., .349 412 761 Keokuk, Iowa, 612 33 645 Knoxville, Tenn., 2090 1046 3136 Laurel, Md., 232 6 238 Lebanon, Ky., 594 277 871 Lexington, Ky , 805 108 913 542 UNION COUNTY Name of Cemetery. Known. Unknown. Tolal. Little Rock, Ark., 3265 2337 5602 Logau's Cross-roads, Ky. , 345 366 711 Loudon Park, Md., 1637 166 1803 Marietta, Ga., 7188 2963 10151 Memphis, Tenn., 5160 8817 13977 Mexico City, Mo., 284 750 1034 Mobile, Ala., 756 113 869 Mound City, 111., 2505 2721 5226 Nashville, Tenn., 11825 4701 16526 Natchez, Miss., 308 2780 3088 New Albany, Ind., 2139 676 2815 New Berne, N. C, 2177 1077 3254 Philadelphia, Penn., 1881 28 1909 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. , 1229 2361 3590 Poplar Grove, Va., 2198 4001 6199 Port Hudson, La., 696 3223 3819 Raleigh, N. C, 619 562 1181 Richmond, Va., 842 5700 6542 Rock Island, 111., 277 19 296 Salisbury, Va., 94 12032 12126 San Antonio, Tex., 324 167 491 Seven Pines, Va., 150 li08 135S Soldiers' Home, D. C, 5314 288 5602 Staunton, Va., 233 520 753 Stone River, Tenn., 3821 2324 6145 Vicksburg, Miss., 3896 12704 16600 Wilmingtcn, N. C, 710 1398 2108 Winchester, Va., 2094 2365 4459 Woodlawn.Elmira, N. Y. 3074 16 3090 York town, Va., 748 1434 2182 Total, 171302 147568 318870 Of the whole number of interments indicated above there are about 6,900 known and 1,500 unknown civilians, and 6,100 known,3,200un- known confederates. Of these latter the greater portions are buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Elmira, N. Y., Finn's Point Ceme- tery, near Salem, N. J. The interments at Mexico City are mainly of those who were killed or died in that vicinity during the Mexi- can war, and include also such citizens of the United States as may have died in Mexico, and who under treaty provision have the right of burial therein. From the foregoing it will appear that after making all proper deductions for civilians and confederates there are gathered in the various places mentioned, the remains of nearly oOO,- 000 men, who at one time wore the blue dur- ing the late war, and who yielded up their lives in defense of the Government which now so graciously cares for their ashes. NAMES AND DATES OF THE PRINCIPAL BATTLES OF THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Andairsville, Ga., May 17 and 18, 1864. AUatoona, Ga., October 5, 1864. Alpine Gap, Ga., September 11, 1863. Altoona Hills, Ga., May 25 to June 4, 1864. Antietam, Md., September 16 and 17, 1862. Appomattox Court House, Va., April 9, 1865. Ark 'usas Post, Ark., January 11, 1863. Ashby's Gap, Va., July 12, 1863. Assault on Fort Wagner, S. C, July 10 and 11, 1863. Atlanta, Ga., July 12 to August 25, 1864. Atlanta, Ga., November 9, 1864. Averill's raid in West Virginia, August 25 to 30, 1803. Bacon Creek, Ky., December 26, 1862. Baker's Creek, Miss., May 16, 1863. Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21, 1861. Baltimore, streets of, Maryland, April 19, 1861. Barboursville, W. Va., July 12 and September 18, 1861. Bradstown, Ky., October 4, 1862. Barton Station, Miss., April 16 and October 20, 1863. Barton Rouge, La., August 5, 1862. Bayle's Cross Koads, La., October 12, 1861. Bayou Cache. Ark., July 7, 1862. Bayou De Glaize, La., May 18, 1864. Bayou Rapids, La., March 21, 1864. Bayou Saint Louis, Miss., November 17, 1863. Bear Creek, Ala., April 17 and October 26, 1863. Bentonville, N. C, March 18 to 21, 18 65. Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 4 and 16 to 30, June 2, Au- gust 14 and 2.5, November 30 to December 4 and De- cember 13, 186-1. Berreyville, A'a., December 1, 1862. Beverly, W. Va., July 12, 1861. Big Bethel, Va., April 4, 1862. Big Black River, Miss., May 3 and 17, July 4 and 5 and October 13, 1863. Big Black River Bridge, Miss., August 12 and September 11,1863. Big Hatchie River, Miss., October 5, 1862. Big Shanty, Ga., June 6, September 2, October 3, 1864. Birds' Point, Mo., August 19, 1861. Black Bayou, Miss., April 10, 1863. Blackburn's B'ord, Va., July 18, 1861. Black River, La., November 1, 1864. Black River, Mo., September 12, 1861. Black Warrior Creek, Ala., May 1, 1863. Black Water, Mo., December 19, 1861. Bogler's Creek, Ala., April 1, 1865. Bolivar, Miss., August 25 and September 19, 1862. Bolivar Heights, Va., October 16, 1861. Booneville, Miss., May 30 and July 1, 1862. Bowling Green, Ky., February 1 and 15, 1862. Brandy Station, Va., August 20, 1862. Brentwood, Tenn., March 25, 1863. Brieto Station, Va., October 14, 1863. Brownsville, Ark., July 25, August 25 and September 14 and 16, 1803. Bull Run, first, Va., July 21, 1861. Bull Run, second, Va., August 30, 1862. Bull Run Bridge, Va., August 27, 1862. Burnt Hickory, Ga , May 24 to June 4, July 4 and 5, 1864. Buzzard Roost, Ga., February 25 to 27, 1864. Buzzard Boost Gap, Ga., May 8, 1864. Camden Point, Mo., July 13, 1864. Campaign, Northern, Ga., May 5 to September 8, 1864. Cane Creek, Ala., October 26, 1863. Cane River, La., April 24, 1864. Cape Girardeau Mo., April 26, 1863. Capture of Rebel Ram. Fair Play, La., August 18, 1862. Carnifax Ferry, Va., September 10, 1801. Carrick's Ford, W. Va., July 14,1861. Carters Station, Tenn., December 30, 1862. Carthage, Mo., July 5, 1861. Cassville, Ga., May 19 to 22, 1864. Catlett's Station, Va., August 21, 22 and October 24, 1862. Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862. Campbellsville, Ky. Chambersburg, Penn., July 30, 1864. Chancellorsville, Va., May 1 to 5 1863. Chapin's Farm, Va., September 29 and 30 and November 4, 1864. Charleston, S. C, Febniary IS, 1865. Charleston, Tenn., December 28, 1863. Chattahoochie River, Ga., July 3 to 12, 1864. Chattanooga, Tenn., August 21, and November 23 to 25, 18G3. Cheat Mountain, West Va., September 12 and 13, 1861. Chickahominy, Va., May 24 and June 21. 1862. Chickamauga, Ga., September 19 to 23. 1863. Chickamauga Station, Ga., November 26, 1863. Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., December 28 and 29,1862. Chickasaw Bluffs, Miss., December 29, 1862. City Point, Va., May 6i>.nd June — , 1864. Clarksville, Tenn., August 19 and September 7, 1862. Cleveland, Tenn , November 27 and December 22, 1863. Cochran's Cross-roads, Miss., September 10, 1862. Cold Knob Mountain, Va., November 26, 1862. Coldwater, Miss., May 11 and July 24, November 8 and 9, September 10, 1862. College Hill. Miss., August 21 and 22, 1864. Columbia, S.' C, February 15 to 18, 1865. Columbus, Ga., April 16, 1865. Coosa River, Ga., October 25, 1864. Corinth, Miss., April 30 to May 30, October 3 and 4, 1862. Corinth, Miss., August 16, 1863. Corinth, Miss., June 10, 1864. Courtland Bridge, Ala., July 25, 1862. Crab Orchard, Ky., August 22, 1862. Crump's Landing, Tenn., April 4, 1862. Cumberland Gap, Tenn., June 18, 1862, and September 9, 1863. Cynthiana, Ky., July 17, 1862. Dallas, Ga., May 25 to June 5, 1804. MILITARY RECORD. 643 Dalton, Ga., May 9, August 14 to 16, and October 13, 1864. Dardanelle, Ark., September 9 and 12, 1863. Deep Bottom, Va., July 21, 27 and 28, August 14 to 19, September 2 and 6, and October 1 and 31, 1864. Destruction rebel ram Albemarle, October 28, 1864. Dobbin's Ferry, Tenn., December 9, 1862. Dutch Gap, Va., August 5, 1803. East Point, Ga., September 5, 1864. Ebenezer Church, Ala., April 1, 1865. Elizabethtown, Ky., December 27, 1862. Elk River, "f enn., July 2 and 14, 1863. Evacuation of Corinth, Miss., May 30, 1862. Expedition from Vicksburg to Jackson, Miss., July 3 to 9, 1864. Expedition from Vicksburg to Meridian, Miss., February 3 to March 5, 1864. Expedition to Black Bayou, Miss., April 5 to 10, 1863. Expedition up Yazoo River, Miss., February 1 to March 8, 1864. Fairburn. Ga., August 18, 1804. Fairfax, Va., July 13, 1864. Fairfax Court House, Va., June 1, 1861. Fair Oaks, Va., May 31 and June 1, 1862. Falling Waters, Md., July 2, 1861. Fish Bayou, La , June 5, 1864. Fisher's Hill, Va., August 15, September 22 and October 9,1864. Five Forks, Va., April 1, 1865. Flat Shoals, Ga., July 28, 1804. Florence, Ala., May 27, 1863. Fort Blakely, Ala., March 31 to April 9, 1865. FortDonelson, Tenn., February 13 to 16 and August 25, 1862. Fort Donelson. Tenn., February 3, 1863. Fort Donelson, Tenn., October 11, 1864. Fort Fisher, N. C, December 25, 1864. Fort Gaines, Ala., August 2 to 23, 1864. Fort Henry, Tenn., February 6, 1862. Fort Hindman, Ark., January 11, 1863. Fort Leavenwoi-th, Kas., October 20 to 26, 1864. Fort McAllister, Ga., December 13, 1864. Fort McCook, Ala., August 27, 1862. Fort Morgin, Ala., August 5 to 23, 1864. Fort Pillow, Tenn., March .6 and April 12, 1864. Fort Scott, Kas., September 1 and 3, 1861. Fort Scott, Kas., October 22 and 28,1864. Fort Smith, Ark., May 15, August 31 and September 1, 1863. Fort Sumter, S. C , April 12 and 13, 1861. Fort Wagner, S. C, July 10 to September 6, 1863. Franklin, Tenn., December 12, 1862. Franklin, Tenn., September 2, November 30 and Decem- ber 17, 1861. Fredericksburg, Mo., July 17, 1804. Fredericksburg, Va., November 9 and December 11 to 16, 1862. Fort Royal, Va., May 23 and 30, 1862. Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Gauley's Bridge, W. Va., November 10, 1861. Gettysburg, Penn., July 1, 2 and 3, 1863. Glasgow, Ky., October 5 and December 24, 1862. Goldaboro, N. C, December 17, 1862 Goldsboro, N. C, March 21 to 24, 1865 Grafton, W. Va., August 13, 1861. Grand Coteau, La., November 3, 1863. Grand Ecore, La., April 3, 1864. Grand Gulf, Miss., April 29, 1863. Grand Gulf, Miss., January 16 to 18, July 16 and 17, 1864. Great Bethel, Va., June 10, 1861. Great Bethel, Va., April 4, 1862. Green River Bridge, Ky., July 4, 1863. Grierson's expedition from La Grange, Tenn., to Baton Rouge, La., April 27 to May 2, 1863. Hagerstuwn, Md., July 6 and 11, 1863. Hagerstown, Md., July 5, 1864. Hamburg, Tenn., May 30, 1863. Hamburg Landing, Ala., May 29, 1863. Hampton Roads, Va., March 9, 1862. Hampton. Va., August 7, 1861. Harper's Ferry, Va., April 18 and October 11, 1861. Harper's Ferry, Va., May 28, September 12 to 15, 1862. Harper' ti Ferry, Va., October 5, 1863. Harper's Ferry Bridge, Va., July 7, 1863. Harpeth River, Tenn., March 2 and 4, April 10, 1863. Harrodsburg, Ky., October 10, 1862. Hartsville, Tenn., December 7, 1862. Hatcher's Run, Va., October 27 and 28, 1864. Hatcher's Run, Va., February 5 to 7, 1865. Helena, Ark., August 11 to 14, September 20, October 1 and 18, December 5, 1862. Holston River, Tenn., November 15, 1863. Holston River, Tenn , February 20, 1864. Hoover's Gap, Tenn., June 24, 1863. Hot Springs, Ark., February 4, 1861. Humbolt, Tenn., December 20, 1862. Independence, Mo., June 17 and November 26, 1861. Independence, Mo., February 18, March 22 and August 11, 1862. Independence, Mo., February 3 and 8, March 23, April 23 and 24, 1863. Independence, Mo., February 19, October 22 and 26, 1864. Island No. 10, Tenn., April 8 and October 17, 1862. Island No. lu, Tenn., October 16, 1863. luka, Miss., September 13 to 20, 1862. luka, Mies , July 7, 9 and 14, 1863. Jackson, Miss., May 14 and July 10 to 17 and 29, 1863. Jackson, Miss., February 5, and July 5 to 8, 1864. Jeflf Thompson Surrendered, Ark., May 11, 1865. Jonesboro. Ga., August 19,20 aad 31, and September 1 and 7, 1864. Kansas City, Mo , November 22, 1864. Kenesaw Mountain, also known as Big Shanty, Lost Mountain, Marrietta and Nose's Creek, Ga., June 10 to July 2, 1864. Kilpatrick's raid on railroad, Ga., August 18 to 23, 1864. Kingston, Ga., May 18 and 24 and October 12, 1864. Kirby Smith Surrendered, May 26, 1865. Knoxville, Tenn., September 10, 1863. La Grange, Ark., September 6, October 11, November 7 and December 30, 1862. Lamb's Ferry, Tenn., December 25, 1864. La Vergne, "Tenn., October 7, November 27 and December 9, 1862. La Vergne, Tenn., January 1, 1863. La Vergne, Tenn., September 1, 1864. Lawrenceburg, Ohio, July 14, 1863. Lebanon, Ky., July 12, 1862; July 5, 1863, and July 30, 1864. Lee Surrendered, Va., April 9, 1865. Lexington, Ky., October 17, 1862. Lexington, Ky., July 28, 1863. Lexington, Ky., June 10, 1864. Liberty Gap, Tenn., June 25,1863. Little Harpeth, Tenn., March 25, 1803. Little Rock, Ark., September 10, 1863. Little Rock, Ark., April 26 and May 28, 1864. Lone Jack, Mo., August 11, 15 and 16, 1862. Lone Jack, Mo , November 1, 1864. Lookout Mountain, Tenn., November 24, 1863. Lost Mountain, Ga., June 9 to 30, 1864. Loudon Creek, Tenn., November 15, 1863. Louisa Court House, Va., May 1, 1863. Lovejoy's Station, Ga.. July 29 and 30, August 20, Sep- tember 2 to 0, !ind November 16, 1864. Lynchburg, Va., June 17 and 18, 1864. Lynnville, Tenn., November 24 and December 23, 1864. Macon, Ga., July 30, November 20 and 24, 1864. Manassas, Va., August 30, 1862. Manassas Gap, Va., November 5, 1862. Manassas Gap, Va., July 21, 1863. Manassas Junction, Va., October 24, 1862. Manchester, Tenn., August 29, 1862. Manchester, Tenn., March 17, 1862. Marietta, Ga., July 3 and 4, 1864. Martinsburg, Md., July 2, 1861. Martinsburg, Va., September, 1862. Marj'land Heights, Va., July 4 to 7. 1864. Massacre at Centralia, Mo., September 27, 1864. McCook's raid in Georgia, July 26 to 31, 1864. McMinnville, Tenn., April 20, September 28 and October 3, 1863. Memphis, Tenn., June 6, 1862. Memphis, Tenn., May 2, August 21, and December 14, 1864. Meridian, Miss., February 9 to 19, 1S64. Milliken's Bend, La., June 5 to 7, 1863. Mill Springs, Ky , January 19 and 2U, 1862. Mine Explosion, Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864. Missionary Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863. Mobile, Ala., December 22, 1864. Monocacy, Md., July 9, 1864. Monterey, Tenn., April 28 and May 13, 1862. Morgan's raid from Kentucky into Indiana and Ohio, July 1, to 26, 1863. Moulton, Ala., May 28 and 2% 1864. Mount Sterling, Ky., July 29, 1862. Mount Sterling, Ky., March 22, 1863. Mount Sterling, Ky., June 9, 1864. 544 UNION COUNTY Mouth of Monocacy. Md., October 11, 1862. Muldraugh's Hill, Ky., December 28, 1862. Munfordsville, Ky., December 17, 1861. Munfordsville, Ky., September U, 16 and 21, 1862. Murfreesboro, Tenn., July 13 and December 31, 1862, to January 3 and June 6, 1863, September 3 and December 5, 6, 7, 15 and 24, 1864. Murfreesboro Road, Tenn., October 4, 1864. Nashville & Northwestern Railway, Tenn., September 4, 1864. Nashville, Tenn., March 9, July 21 and November 5, 1862. Natural Bridge, Fla., March 6, 1865. Near Boliver Heights, Va., July 14, 1863. Near Culpepper, Va., July 12, 1862. Near Dalton, Ga., January 21, 1864. Near Nashville, Tenn , March 8 and October 20, 1862. Near Snicker's Gap, Va., August 13 1864. Near the Rappahannock, Va., April 1, 1864. New Berne, N. C, March 14, May 22, and November 11, 1862. New Creek, W. Va., June 17, 1861. New Hope Church, Ga., May 25 to June 5, 1864. Newport News, Va., July 5, 1861. • Nickajack Creek, Ga., July 1 to 10, 1864. North Anna River, Va., July 23, 1862. North Shenandoah, Va., October, 1864. Occoquan Creek, Va., November 12, 1861. Occupation of Atlanta, Ga., September 2, 1864. Ogeeche River, Ga., December 7 to 9, 1864. Oostenauha, Ga., May 13 to 16, 1864. Orange Cmirthouse, Va., July 25 and August 2, 1862. Orchard Knob, Tenn., November 23, 1863. Orleans, Ind., June 17, 1863. Overall's Creek, Tenn., December 4, 1864. Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19 and 20, 1864. Pea Ridge, Ark., March G to 8, 1862. Pta Vine Creek, Ga., November 27, 1863. Perryville, Ky., October 6, 7 and 8, 1862. Petersburg, Va., June 10, 1864, to April 3, 1865 Philippi, W. Va., June 3, 1861. Pilot Knob, Mo., September 26 to 29, and October 26, 1864. Pine Knob, Ga., June 19, 1864. Pine Mountain, Ga., June 14, 1864. Pittsburg Landing, also known as Shiloh, Tenn., March 2, and April 6 and 7, 1862. Plantersville, Ala., April 1, 1865. Pope's campaign in Virginia, August 23 to September 1 1862. Port Hudson, La., March 14, May 22 to July 9, 1863. Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862. Port Royal, S. C, November 7, 1861. Port Royal, ?. C, January 1, 1862. Pound Gap Kxpedition, Tenn., July 6, 1863. Powder Springs, Ga., June 20, 1864. Pulaski, Tenn., May 4, 1862, and May 13, September 26 and 27, December 25, 1864. Pumpkin Vine Creek, Ga., May 25 to June 4, 1864. Raid to Gordonsville, Va., December 8 to 28, 1864. Rapidan, Va., October 10 and 17, 1863, and Marcli 1, 1864. Rappahannock station, Va., August 20 to 23, 1862, August 1 and 2, and November 7, 1863. Readyville, Tenn., August 28, 1862. Reconnoissance on Corinth Road, Miss., April 8, 1862. Red Clay, Ga., May 3, 1864. Red Oaks, Ga., August 19, 20 and 28, 1864. Bed River Expedition, La., May, 1864. Resaca, Ga., May 13 to 16, and October 12, 1864. Richmond, Ky., August 30, 1862. Richmond, Ky., July 28, 1863. Rich Mountain, W. Va., July 11,1861. Ringgold, Ga., September 11 and November 27, 1863. Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., February 23 to 27, March 5 to 9, and May 8 to 12, 1864. Rodgersville, Tenn., August 22, 1864. Rome, Ga., May 17 and 18, and October 13, 1864. Rosecrans' campaign in Tennessee June 23 to 30, 1863. Rousseau's campaign in Tennessee, June 23 to 30, 1863. Rousseau's pursuit of Wheeler in Tennessee, September 1 to 8, 1864. Rousseau's raid in Alabama and Georgia, July 11 to 22, 1864. Rutherford's Creek, Tenn., March 10, 1863. Sabine Cross-Roads, La., April 8, 1864. Sabine Pass, La., September 8, 1863. Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865. Saltville, A'a , October 2 and December 20, 1864. Sand IMountain, Ala., April 30, 1863. Sand Mountain, Ala., January 27, 1865. Savages Station, Va., June 29, 1862. Savannah, Tenn., April 16, 1862. Second assault on Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18, 1863. Second assault on Port Hudson, La., June 14, 1863. Second assault on Vicksburg, Miss., May 20, 1863. Seven days, includes Chickahominy, Peach Qrchard and Savage Station, Va., June 26 to July 1, 1862. Seven Pines, Va., May 31 and June 1, 1862. Sharpsburg, Md., September 17, 1862. Shelbyville, Tenn., June 27, 1863. Shelby ville Pike, Tenn., June 4 and October 7, 1863. Sheridan's raid in Virginia, May 9 to 13, 1864. Sheridan's raid in Virginia, February 27 to March 25, 1865. Shiloh, Tenn., April 6 and 7, 1862. Siege of Atlanta, Ga., July 28 to September 2, 1864. Siege of Knoxville, Tenn., November 17 to December 4, 1863. Siege of Mobile, Ala., March 26 to April 9, 1865. Siege of Petersburg, Va., June 15, 1864, to April 2, 1865. Siege of Port Hudson, La., May 27 to July 9, 1863. Siege of Savannah, Ga., December 10 to 21, 1864. Siege of Vicksburg, Miss., May 18 to July 4, 1863. Siege of Yorktown, Va., April 5 to May 3, 1862. Snake Creek Gap, Gii., May 8 to 10, October 15, 1864. Snicker's Gap, Va., November 2, 1862. Snow Hill, Tenn., April 2 and 3, 1863. South Mountain, Md., September 14, 1862. Springfield, Mo., August 10, October 5 and 25, 1861. Springfield, Mo , February 13, 18«2. Springfield, Mo., January 7 and 8, December 16, 1863. Spring Hill, Tenn., March 4 and 5, 1863. Stewart's Creek, Tenn., December 29, 1862, and January 1, 1863. Stockade at Stone River, Tenn., October 5, 1863. Stoneman's raid to Macou, (Ja., July 26 to 31, 1864. Stoneman's raid from Tennessee to Virginia, December 12 to 21, 18G4. Stoneman's raid in Virginia and North Carolina, March 20 to April 6, 1865. Stone River, also known as Murffeesboro, Tenn., De- cember 31, 18G2, to January 3, 1863. Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 10, 1864. Streight's raid from Alabama to Georgia, April 27 to May 3, 18G3. Sweetwater, Tenn., October 24, 1863. Tallahatchie, Fla., June 18, 1862. Taylor Surrendered, May 4, 1865. The Cedars, Tenn., December 5 to 8, 1864. Tongue River, Dak., August 29, 1865. Triune, Tenn., Juue 9, 1863. TuUahoma, Tenn., July 1, 1863. Tunnel Hill, Ga., January 28, February 25 to 27, May 7, 1864. Tupelo, Miss., May 6, 1863. Tuscumbia, Ala., February 22, April 24, October 24 to 27, 1863. Twelve miles from Yazoo City, Miss., December 1, 1864. Vicksburg, Miss., May 18 to July 4 and August 27, 1863. Vicksburg, Miss., February 13 and July 4, 1864. AVarrenton Junction, Va., September 26, 1862. Wartrace, Tenn., October 5, 1863. Weldon Railroad, Va,, June 22 and 23, August 18 to 22, 1864. West Point, Mo., October, 1861. White House, Va., June 20, 1864. White River, Ark., May G, 18G2. Wild Cat, Ky., October 21, 1861. Wilderness, Va., May 5 to 7, 1864. Wilmington, N. C, February 22, 1865. AVilson's raid, Alabama to Georgia, March 22 to April 24, 1865. Winchester, Va., March 23 and May 25, 1862. Winchester, Va., May 19 and Juno 13 and 15, 1863. Winchester, Va., July 20 and 24, August 17 and Septem- ber 19, 1864. Yazoo City Expedition, Miss., May 4 to 13, 1864. Yazoo Pass, Miss., February 16 to 20, 1863. Zollicofi'er, Tenn., September 24, 1863. Atlanta, Geokgia (Hoods first Sortie, July 22, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 500 ; wounded, 2,141 ; missing, 1,000. Confederate losses — Killed, 2,482 ; wounded, 4,000 ; missing, 2,017. MILITARY RECORD. 545 Union troops engaged — 15th, 16th and 17th Corps, Army of the Tennessee ; Maj. Gen. McPherson, of the Army of the Military Division of the Mississippi. Maj. Gen. J. B. McPherson and Brig. Gen. L. Greathouse, U. S. A., killed. Antietam Maryland (September 16 and 17, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 2,010; wounded, 9,416 ; missing, 1,043. Confederate losses — Killed, 3,500; wounded, 16,399; misssing, 6,000. Union troops engaged — 1st, 2d, 5th, 6th, 9th and 12th Corps, Crouch's Division, 4th Corps, and Pleasanton's Division of Calvalry, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. J. K. F. Mansfield, killed; Maj. Gens. Richardson and Hooker and Brig. Gens. Rodman, Weber, Sedgwick, Hartsuif, Dana and Meagher, U. S. A., wounded. Brig. Gens. L. 0. B. Branch, G. B. Anderson and W. E. Starke killed; Maj. Gen. R. H. Anderson, Brig. Gens. Toombs, Lawton, Ripley, Rodes, Gregg, Armistead and Ransom, C. S. A., wounded. Bentonville, North Carolina (March 19 to 21, 1865). Union losses — Killed, 191 ; wounded, 1,168 ; missing, 287. Confederate losses — Killed, 267; wounded, 1,200 ; missing, 1,625. Bull Run (1st) Virginia (July 21, 1861). Union losses — Killed, 481 ; wounded, 1,011 ; missing, 1,460. Confederate losses — Killed, 269 ; wounded, 1,483 ; missing — . Union troops engaged — 2d Maine ; 2d New Hampshire ; 2d Vermont ; 1st, 4th and 5th, Mas- sachusetts ; 1st and 2d Rhode Island ; 1st, 2d and 3d Connecticut; 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 27th, 29th, 31st, 32d, 35th, 38th and 39th New York Volunteers ; 2d, 8th, 14th, 69th, 7l8t and 79th New York Militia; 27th Pennsylvania Volunteers; 1st, 2d, and 3d Michigan ; 1st Minnesota ; 1st, and 2d Ohio ; detachments of the 2d, 3d and 8th United States Infantry, and a Battalion of Marines ; of Artillery, Batteries D, E, G and M, 2d Artillery ; E, 3d Artillery ; D, 5th Artillery ; and the 2d Rhode Island Battery; of Cavalry, detachments from the 1st and 2d Dragoons. Among the killed were Brig. Gens. B. E. Bee and Barton, C. S. A. Bull Run (2d) Virginia (August 30, 1862.) Union losses — Killed, 800; wounded, 4,000: missing, 3,000. Confederate losses — Killed, 700 ; wounded, 3,000 ; missing — . Union troops engaged — 1st and 3d Corps, army of Virginia; Hooker's and Kearney's Divi- sions 3d and 5th Corps, and Reynolds' Division 1st Corps, Army of the Potomac, and the 9th Corps. Brig. Gens. Tower and Schenck, U. S. V., wounded, and Field, Timble and Mahone, C. S. A., wounded. Campaign in Northern Georgia, from Chattanooga to Atlanta (May 5, to September 8, 1864)* Union losses — Killed, 5,284 ; wounded, 26,129; missing, 5,786. Confederate losses — Not known. Union troops engaged — Armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee and Ohio. Cedar Mountain, Virginia (August 9, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 450; wounded, 660 ; missing, 290. Confederate losses — Killed, 229 ; wounded, 1,047 ; missing, 31. Chattanooga, Tennessee (November 23 to 25, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 757 ; wounded, 4,529 ; missing, 330. Confederate losses — Killed, 861 ; wounded, 2,181 ; missing, 6,142. Corinth, Mississippi (October 3 and 4, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 315 ; wounded, 1,812; missing, 232. Confederate losses — Killed, 2,017; wounded, 7,854; missing, 4,350. Union troops engaged — McKean's, Davie's, Hamilton's and Stanley's Divisions, Army of the Mississippi. Brig. Gen. P. A. Hackleman, killed ; Brig. Gen. Oglesby, wounded. Chancellorsivillk, Virgnna (May, 1 to 5, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 1,512 ; wounded, 9,518 ; missing, 5,000. Confederate losses — Killed, 1,581; wounded, 8,700 ; missing, 2,000. Union troops engaged — 1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 11th, and 12t]x Corps, Army of the Potomac. Maj. Gen. Hiram G. Berry and Brig. Gen. A. W. Whipple, killed ; Brig. Gens. Devan and Kirby, U. S. A., wounded. Brig. Gen. E. F. Paxton, killed ; Lieut. Gen. J. S. Jackson, Major Gen. A. P. Hill, and Brig. Gens. Hooke, Nichols, Ramseur, McGowan, Heth and Pender, C. S. A., wounded. 548 UNION COUNTY Chickamauga, Georgia (September 19 to 23, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 1,644; wounded, 9, '262 ; missing, 4,945. Confederate losses — Killed, 2,389 ; wounded, 13,412 ; missing, 2,003. Union troops engaged — 14th, 20th, 21st Corps, and Reserve Corp?, Army of the Cumberland. Brig. Gen. W. H. Lytle, killed; Brig. Gens. Starkweather, Whittaker and King, U. S. A., wounded. Brig. Gens. Preston Smith, Deshler and B. H. Helm, killed ; Maj. Gens. J. B. Hood, and Brig. Gens. Adams, Brown, Gregg, McNair, Bunn, Preston, Cleburne, Beaning and Clayton, C. S. A., wounded. Col. Valentine Cupp, 1st 0. V. Cav., killed. Fall of Petersburg, Virginia (April 2, 1865). Union losses — Killed, 296; wounded, 2,565; missing, 500. Confederate losses — Killed, ; wounded, ; missing, 3,000. Union troops engaged — 2d, 6th and 9th Corps, Army of the Potomac; 24th Corps, Army of the James. Maj. Gen. Grant and Potter, Brig. Gen. Chamberlain, Dennison, Sickels, Madill and Mc- Dougall, United States Army, wounded. Lieut. Gen. D. H. Hill, Confedei-ate States Army, killed. Five Forks, Virginia (April 1, 1865). Union losses — Killed, 124; wounded, 706; missing, 54. Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 3,000 ; missing, 5,500. Franklin, Tennessee (November 30, 1864). Union losses — Killed. 189; wounded, 1,033 ; missing, 1,104. Confederate losses — Killed, 1,750; wounded, 3,800; missing, 702. Union troops engaged — 4th Corps, Army of the Cumberland, 23d Corps, Army of the Ohio. Maj. Gens. Stanley and Bradley, U. S. A., wounded. Maj. Gen. Cleborne, Brig. Gens. Adams, John, Williams, Strahl, Geist and Granberry, killed ; Maj. Gen. J. Bowen, Brig. Gens. S. Carter, Manigault, Quarles, Cockerelle and Scott, C. S. A., wounded. Fredericksburg, Virginia (December 13, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 1,180; wounded, 9,028; missing, 2,145. Confederate losses — Killed, 579; wounded, 3,870; missing, 127. Union troops engaged — 1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th and 9th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gen. C. F. Jackson and G. D. Bayard, killed, and Gibson and Vinton, U. S. A., wounded; Brig. Gen. T. R. R. Cobb, killed, and Maxcy Gregg, C. S. A., wounded. Getttsbueg, Pennsylvania (July 1 to 3, 1863). Union losses— Killed, 2,834; wounded, 13,709; missing, 6,643. Confederate losses — Killed, 3,500; wounced, 14,500; missing, 13.621. Union troops engaged — 1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 11th and 12th Corps, and Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds, Brig. Gen. S. H. Weed, Kosciusko, Zook and Elon .J. Farns- worth, killed; Maj. Gen. D. E. Sickels and W. S. Hancock, and Brig. Gen. Paul, T. A. Row- ley, J. Gibbons and F. C. Barlow, U. S. A., wounded. Maj. Gen. Pender, Brig. Gen. R. B. Gurnett, W. Barksdale, and Semmes, killed ; Mmj. Gea. Hood, Trimble and Heth, Brig. Gens. Kemper, Scales, G. T. Anderson, Hamton, J. M. Jones, Jenkins, Petligrew and Posey, C. S. A., wounded. Harpkr's Ferry, Virginia (September 12 to 15, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 80; wounded, 120; missing, 11,583. Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 500. Jackson, Mississippi (July 9 to 16, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 100; wounded, 800; missing, 100. Confederate losses — Killed, 71 ; wounded, 504 ; missing, 764. Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia (June 9 to 30, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 1,370; wounded, 6,500; missing, 800. Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 110; missing, 3,500. Mine Explosion at Petersburg, Virginia (July 30, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 419; wounded, 1,679 ; missing, 1,910. Confederate losses — Killed, 400; wounded, 600; missing, 200. Union troops engaged — 9th Corps, supported by the 18th Corps, with the 2d and oih Corps in reserve. MILITARY RECORD. 547 Pea Ridge Arkansas (March 6 to 8, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 203; wounded, 972; missine;, 174. Confederate losses— Killed, 1,100; wounded, 2,500; missing, 1,600. Peach Teee Creek, Georgi.a. (July 20, 1864). Union losses — Killed. 300; wounded, 1,410; missing, . Confederate losses — Killed, 1,113; wounded, 2,500; missing, 1,183. Union troops engaged — 4th, 14th and 20th Corps, Army of the Cumberland ; Gen. G. H. Thomas, of the Army of Military Division of Missouri. Brig. Gens. W. S. Featherstone, A. L. long, J. J. Pettis, and G. M. Stevens, C. S. A., killed. Perrtville, Kentucky (October 8, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 916 ; wounded, 2,948 ; missing, 489. Confederate losses — Killed, 1,300; wounded, 3,000; missing, 2,700. Petersburg, Virginia (June 15 to 19, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 1,298; wounded, 7,474; missing, 1,814. Confederate losses — Not known. Union trocps engaged — 10th and 18th Corps, Army of the .James; 2d, 5th, 6th and 9th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Petersburg (fall of), Virginia (April 2, 1865). Union losses — Killed, 296 ; wounded, 2,565 ; missing, 500. Confederate losses — Killed, ; wounded, ; missing, 3,000. Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana (May 27 to July 9, 1863). Union Losses — Killed, 500; wounded, 2,500; missing, . Confederate losses — Killed, 100 ; wounded, 700 ; missing, 6,408. Resaca, Georgia (May 13 to 16, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 600; wounded, 2,147; missing, . Confederate losses — Killed, 300; wounded, 1,500; missing, 1,000. Union troops engaged— 4th, 14th, 20th Corps, and cavalry. Army of the Cumberland ; 15th and 16th Corps, Army of the Tennessee: 23d Corps, Army of the Ohio. Maj. Gen. Kilpatrick, commanding the 3d Cavalry Division, U. S. A., wounded, and Bri"' Gen. B. G. Wadkins, C. S. A., killed. Sailor's Creek, Virginia (April 6, 1865). Union losses — Killed, 166 ; wounded, 1,014 ; missing, . Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 1,000; missing, 6,000. Union troops engaged — Cavalry Corps, 2d and 6th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Seven Days' Retreat, Virginia (June 26 to July 1, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 1,582; wounded, 7,709; missing, 5,958. Confederate losses — Killed, 2,820; wounded, 14,011 ; missing, 752. Union troops engaged — 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th Corps, Stoneman's Cavalry Corps, and Engineers, Army of the Potomac. Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, Virginia (May 31 and June 1, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 890; wounded, 3,627 ; missing, 1,222. Confederate losses— Killed, 2,800; wounded, 3,897; missing, 1,300. Union troops engaged — 2d, 3d and 4th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gens. Wessells, Nagle and 0. 0. Howard, U. S. A , wounded; Gen. J. E. Johnson (com- manding), and Brig. Gen. R. E. Rhodes, wounded; Brig. Gen. Robert Hatton, killed, and J J. Pettigrew, C. S. A., captured. Shiloh, Tennessee (April 6 and 7, 1862). Union losses — Killed, 1,735; wounded, 7,882; missing, 3,956. Confederate losses — Killed, 1,728; wounded, 8,012 ; missing, 959. Union troops engaged— 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th Divisions, Army of the District of West Tennessee ; 2d, 4th and 5th Divisions and 21st Brigade of the 6th Division, Army of the Ohio ; and gunboats Tyler and Lexington. Maj. Gen. A. S. Johnson (commander-in-chief), and Brig. Gen. A. H. Gladden, killed; Maj. Gen. W. S. Cheatham, Brig. Gens. C. Clark, B. R. Johnson and J. S. Bowen, C. S. A., wounded. Gens. W. T. Sherman and W. H. L. Wallace, wounded; Gen. B. M. Prentiss, U. S. A., captured. 548 UNION COUNTY Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi (May 18 to July 4, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 545 ; wounded, 3,688 ; missing, 303. Confederate losses — Killed, ; wounded, ; missing, 31,277. Union troops engaged — 13th, 15th and 17th Corps, assisted by the navy on the Mississippi River. After the assault of the 16th Corps, the 2d Division of the 9th Corps, and a Division from the Department of the Missouri, were added to the forces. On July 4, 1863, the Con- federates surrendered. Brig. Gen. Green, killed, and Brig. Gen. Baldwin, C. S. A., wounded. Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana (May 27 to July 9, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 500 ; wounded, 2,500 ; missing, . Confederate losses — Killed, 100 ; wounded, 700 ; missing, 6,408. Union troops engaged — Maj. Gen. Weitzel's, Grover's, Paine's, Augur's and D wight's Divis- ions, of the 19th Corps; Maj. Gen. Banks' Army of the Gulf, assisted by the navy. Con- federates surrendered .July 9, 1863. Brig. Gens. W. T. Sherman and H. E. Paine, U. S. A., wounded. Six-Mile House, Weldon Railroad, Virginia (August 18, 19 and 20, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 212; wounded, 1,155 ; missing, 3,176. Confederate losses — Killed, not known; wounded, 2,000: missing, 2,000. Union troops engaged — Kautz's Cavalry and the 2d Cavalry Division, 5th and 9th Corps, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gens. Saunders and Lamar, killed ; Gens. Claigman, Barton, Finnegan and Anderson, C. S A., wounded. Spottsylvania, Virginia (May 8 to 21, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 4,177 ; wounded, 19,687 ; missing, 2,577. Confederate losses — Killed, 1,000; wounded, 5,000 ; missing, 3,000. Union troops engaged — 2d, 5th, 6th and 9th Corps, and Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. Maj. Gen. J. Sedgwick, Brig. Gens. J. C. Rice, J. J. Owens and T. G. Stevenson, killed ; Brig. Gens. Robertson, Bartlett, Morris and Baxter, U. S. A., wounded. Gens. Daniels and Perrin, killed ; Gens. Hayes and Walker, wounded ; Brig. Gen. G. H. Stewart and Maj. Gen. Ed. Johnson, C. S. A., captured. Stone's River, Tennessee (December 31, 1862, to January 3, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 1,533; wounded, 7,245; missing, 2,800. Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 9,000 ; missing, 16,560. Union troops engaged — McCook's right wing, Thomas's Corps, center, and Crittenden's Corps, left wing. Army of the Cumberland. Brig. Gen. Sill, Killed; Brig. Gen. Kirk, U. S. A., wounded. Brig. Gens. Raines and Hanson, killed ; Brig. Gens. Chalmers and Davis, C. S. A., wounded. Cols. Minor Milliken, 1st 0. V. Cav., and J. G. Hawkins, 13th 0. V. I., killed. Vicksburg (siege of), Mississippi (May 18 to July 4, 1863). Union losses — Killed, 525 ; wounded, 3,688 ; missing, 303. Confederate losses — Killed, ; wounded, ; missing, 31,277. Wilderness, Virginia (May 5 to 7 1864). Union losses — Killed, 5,597 ; wounded, 21,463; missing, 10,677. Confederate losses — Killed, 2,000 ; wounded, 6,000 ; missing, 3,400. Union troops engaged — 2d, 5th, 6th and 9th Corps and Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac. Brig. Gene. James S. Wadsworth, Alex. Hays and A. S. Webb, killed, and Brig. Gens. Getty and Carroll, U. S. A., wounded. Gens. J. M. Jones and Pickett, killed, and Gens. Longstreet, Pegram, Staford, Hunter and Jennings, C. S. A., wounded. Wilson's Creek, .Missouri (August 10, 1861). Union losses — Killed, 223 ; wounded, 721 ; missing, 291. Conlederate losses — Killed, 265; wounded, 800; missing, 30. Opequan, Winchester, Virginia (September 19, 1864). Union losses — Killed, 653 ; wounded, 3,719; missing, 618. Confederate losses — Killed and wounded, 3,000; missing, 2,500. Union troops engaged — 8th Corps and 2d Division Cavalry, Army of West Virginia ; 6th Corps and 1st and 2d Divisions Cavalry, Army of the Potomac; 1st and 2d Divisions 19th Corps, Army of the Middle Military Division. yyW a-lare work and distribute it properly, will give out work to those willing to receive it at home, but unable to attend, and will also see it collected, and bring in a wi'itteu report weekly. Art. 10. The constitution may be altered and by-laws adopted at any regular meeting of the society, by a vote of a majority of those present, no- tice of the same being given at a previous meeting. Art. 11. Three members of the Executive Board may constitute a quorum to do business. Each committee will appoint a Chairman. Each member will solicit donations whenever an opportunity occurs. Bv-laws adopted at the first annual meeting of the societv, held Noveni - ber 25'. 1864. 1. That tlie society have an election of officers at each annual meeting. 2. That the last meeting in November will be the annual meeting. 3. That a quarterly report be made from the Secretary and Treasurer. About the time <.»f the organization of the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society in Marysville, similar" societies were organized in the various townships of the county. Large sums of money and great quantities of supplies were collected and sent forward for the soldiers. No better outline of the work of these so- cieties can be given than the following summary of sanitary stores which were shipped from Marysville during the last two weeks of April. 1862: Blankets, U; bed ticks, 1 ; bandages, 25 rolls; books. 6; butter, 25 pounds; comforts, 18; cushions, 73; clothes, combs, crackex's, cocoa; drawers, 7 J pair; dried fruit, 25 packages; dried beef, 8 packages; dressing gowns, 12; eggs, 184: dozen; handkerchiefs, 60; ham, 400 pounds; jars of fruit, 82; jelly, 3 glasses; loaf sugai", 50 pounds; maple sugar; mattress, 1; needle cases, 4; needles; pillows, 117; pillow cases, 249 pairs; perpai'ed chicken, 84 cans; paper and envelopes, pens, pencils, pins, periodicals, pin cushions; pickles, 1 barrel; quilts, 32; rice sheets, 179; shirts, 209; socks, 69 pairs; s]i}ipers. 12 pairs; tablecloths, 4; towels, 233; tea cakes, 1 bushel; tapioca; wine, 1 bottle. Few if any of the societies have left a report that would satisfactorily ex- hibit the barest outline of their efforts. But from the time of their organiza- tion until the close of the war — when help was no longer needed — the work was carried on with indefatigable vigor, and on a scale proportional with the number of soldiers fiumished by the county. As the war progressed, other and more public movements for relief were inaugurated, in which Union County expended 1^30,786 as a Military Relief Fund, $39,604 as a Boimty Fund, Tind $2,000 as a Veteran Bounty Fund — $72,390 in all. This amount was raised by public tax and entirely outside of the thousands of dollars donated in a private way by individuals and aid so- cieties of the county. Mii.iTARV ia:coiiu. 553 UNION COUNTY EX-HOLI>IER8 AHKOCIATION. A number of ox-soldierH assembled at Union Hall, Marysvillo, Ohio, on Monday ovenin<^, July 20, 1880, and organized themHelveH into a society, styled "The Union County Ex-Soldiers' and Sailors' AK.sociation. " The following plan of organization was adopted by the society. " This organization shall be known as The Union County Ex-Soldiers' and Sailors' Association. "All officers and soldiers in the United States service during any part of the war of the rebellion, who were honorably discharged, may become mem- bers by signing the Constitution and By-Laws of the Association. " The officers of the society shall bo a President, Vice President, Secre- tary and Treasurer, to be elected by ballot annually, and to servo until their succc^HSors are elected. " The main object of this organization shall be to i^erpetuate the memo- ries of the service and cherish its friendships by annual meetings or celebra- tions and r(!-unions under the charge of the officer.^ of the society and such {as- sistants as may be appointed for the [)urpose; on the death of a comrade, to attend the funeral in a body and to render assistance in any way that may be deemed necessary and to aid in perpetuating the National Decoration Day. " The objects of the organization may be furthered in any other appropriate manner the society may adopt." The first officers elected by the association were: J. L. Cameron, Presi- dent; W. L. Curry, Secretary, and J. Van Pearse, Assistant Secretary. The first re-union of the ex-soldiers of Union County was held under the auspices of this society at Marysville, on the 20th of July, 1881. Everything conspired to render this first re-union a grand success. A beautiful, bright blue sky, a cool, refreshing breeze, the beating of drums and flaunting of banners, a host of distinguished visitors and a long line of battle- scarred veterans ushered in the day which was to witness one of the greatest events in the history of the town. The decorations both public and private were universal. Big flags and little flags waved and fluttered everywhere in the breeze, and the view up and down the leading streets of festooned arches and long lines of buildings be- decked with bunting, evergreens and inscriptions, was the admiration of the many visitors and a surprise to our own citizens. An account of the exercises of the day would be Ijut a repetition of the programme, which read as follows: .NAXrO.NAL SAI.irrK AT SUNRIMK. Procession will form at 11 o'clock A. M., with right resting at the public square, in the following order, under the direction of Col. W. L. Carry, Chief Marshal : 1. Cornet Band. 2. Military companies under command of Capt. W. M. Liggett, escorting veterans. 3. Veteran Cavalry under command of Capt. John Hobensack. 4. Drum Corps. 5. Veterans under command of Capt. John Wiley, with Old Battle Flags. 0. Battery. 7. Band. 8. Governor, speakers and visitors. 9. Mayor, Council and fire department. 10. Bummers and camp followers, under command of Capt. John New- love. 554 UNION COUNTY 11. Citizens. 12. As the head of tlie cohimn arrives at the grounds, a salute will be fired from battery to Commander-in-Chief 13. Review of Veterans and Military by Governor, Adjutant General and distinguished military officers. Invocation by Rev. H. Thrall, and Welcome Address by President J. L. Cameron. 14. Pic-nic dinner. AFTERNOON. 15. Music — " Honor to the Soldiers " — Philharmonic Society. 16. Oration — Gen. J. Warren Keifer. 17. Music — Band. 18. Song — " Tenting on the Old Camp Ground " — Philharmonic Society. 19. Address. 20. Music — " Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean " — Philhai'monic Society. 21. Business meeting of Regiments at Fine Art Hall. 22. Amusements and drill by military and cavalry. Eighteen different Ohio regiments were represented in the procession, each regiment cai-rying its own old battle-flag which had been taken from the flag room in the State House to be present at this re-union. Addresses were also made on this occasion by Gov. Foster, Hon. George K. Nash, Hon. Charles Townsend, Hon. J. F. Oglevee, Gen. J. S. Jones, Gen. J. S. Robinson and other distinguished guests. And thus pleas- antly closed the exercises of the day. All concerned are to be congratulated on the entire success of the re-union, and not the least of these are the ladies who so untiringly gave their labor and taste to the work of making the occa- sion a success. The number in attendance was estimated at from ten to twelve thousand. The second re-union of this association was held at Marysville on the 17th of August, 1882, Dr. D. W. Henderson presiding, and D. T. Elliot acting as Secretary. " Not only the soldiers themselves were present on this occasion, but they brought their families and remained all day and interlarded the proceedings with a basket dinner, thus making the occasion one of real social pleasure." One of our newspapers, in commenting on these re-unious, says: " The annual re-union of the soldiers of Union County has become one of the permanent institutions, as it ought to be. We hope these re-unions may become more prominent every year. The number of soldiers will from now be thinning out, but with their decreasing number will come a more vivid recollection of the events which they helped create." Twenty years hence they will be very scarce. Hence the necessity of the present organization, which is designed to bring into closer fellowship the old veterans who boi'e the heat and burden of the conflict, and to keep them in the kindest regards for each other while they are living. Let us, therefore, cherish the Soldiers' Association of Union County for the good its members have doue and for the glorious memories it is designed to perpetuate. D. Webb is the present President, and W. M. Winget, Sec- retary of the Association. GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. A Post of the Grand Army of the Republic was organized in Marysville, August 25, 1881. The Post was named Ransom Reed Post, in honor of the first soldier from Union County who lost his life in the war for the preserva- tion of the Nation. Ransom Reed was a private. Company F, Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who fell at the battle of Carnifex Ferry, September 10, 1861. MILITARY RECORD. 555 The number of the Post is 113, Department of Ohio. The Post was or- ganized and instituted by Capt. D. Lanning, of Columbus, Ohio, mustering offi- cer. The charter members were W. L. Cuny, M. C. Lawrence, John Hobensack, Andrew Sabine, J. V. Pearse, W. P. Anderson, S. G. Fry, S. M. Landon, D. T. Elliott, D. W. Ayers, J. L. Cameron. William M. Winget. J. B. Cole, G. P. Kobinson, Frank Filler, T. P. Freeman, William H. Robb, William M. Liggett, Homer Thrall, John L. Porter. L N. Hamilton, Thomas Martin, T. S. Mullen, B. W. Keyes, D. Webb, John Wiley, W. E. Baxter, W. H. Robinson and William Torrence. The first officers chosen were: W. L. Curry, Post Commander; John Hobensack, Senior Vice Commander; M. C. Lawrence, Junior Vice Commander; W. M. Liggett, Adjutant; W. H. Robb, Quartermaster; Andrew Sabine, Surgeon; Homer Thrall, Chaplain; W. P. Anderson, Officer of the Day; S. G. Fry, Officer of the Guard; D. T. Elliott, Sergeant Major; S. M. Landon, Quartermaster Sergeant; J. B. Cole, Assistant Inspector; and W. M. Winget, Aid-de-Camp. Ransom Reed Post has had uninterrupted growth and prosperity. There have been only one or two meetings in eighteen months that recruits have not been mustered. The total number mustered in the Post since its organ- ization is 220; of these ten have been transferred to the Scribner Post, since organized at Plain City. In this large number of comrades there are repre- sentatives of over seventy different regiments and battalions. Only one member of the Post has died since the organization, M. C. Law- rence, late Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio In- fantry, who at the time of his death was Junior Vice Commander. His death occurred December 15, 1881, and on the 18th he was buried by the Post ac- cording to the service prescribed in the ritual for the burial of the dead. As the public are interested in knowing the objects of the Grand Army of the Republic, it may be well to give a brief statement of them here. First, the object is not political; this is distinctly declared in the following emphatic language in the rules: " No officer or comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic shall in any manner use this organization for partisan purposes, and no discussion of par- tisan questions shall be allowed at any of its meetings, nor shall any nomina- tion for political office be made. " The objects are: 1st, "the preservation of the spirit of comradeship, to preserve and strengthen those kind and fraternal feelings which bind together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united to suppress the late rebellion, and to perpetuate the memory and history of the dead. " To secure the last-mentioned object, a day is set apart, the 30th of May, to be observed as Decoration Day. The Post has an impressive service to be used on that day. 2d, mutual helpfulness. "To assist such former comrades in arms as need help and protection, and to extend needful aid to the widows and orphans of those who have fallen.'" It is the design of each Post to ac- cumulate a fund to be used for charitable purposes. 3d, the promotion of loyality to the Nation. "To maintain true allegiance to the United States of America, based upon a paramount respect for and fidelity to the National Con- stitution and laws, to discountenance whatever tends to weaken loyality, in- cites to insurrection, treason or rebellion or in any manner impairs the effi- ciency and permanency of our free institutions; and to encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights and justice to all men." No man can be- come a member of the Grand Army of the Republic who has ever borne arms against the Government, or upon whom "the stain of treason rests. " All honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the war for the preservation of the Nation are eligible to membership. All distinction of rank are done away. 556 UNION COUNTY the title by whicb members are addressed or referred to in the meetings and business of the Post being " Comrade." The several constituted bodies of the association are Post, the State or ganization or Department, and the national organization, known as the Na- tional Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. A badge, consisting of a bronze star made out of cannon captured during the war and upon which is represented every corps of the army, is given to each comrade at his muster in. The Commander of a Grand Army Post ranks as Colonel; S. V. Com- mander, Lieutenant Colonel; J. V. Commander, Major; Surgeon, Major; OflEi- cer of the Day, Captain; Quartermaster, First Lieutenant: Adjutant, First Lieutenant; and Officer of the Guard, Second Lieutenant. CURRY CADETS. BY A. H. BEIGHTLEE. On the 18th day of July, 1877, under the statute of the State, authorizing the organization of military companies, to be known as the Oliio National Guard, and to be subject to the order of the Governor for the purpose of suppressing riots or repelling invasion, a company was or- ganized in Marys ville, composed of forty-five young men from among the best families in the town. Their enlistment was for the term of five years. On the same date William L. Curry was elected Captain of the company, William M. Liggett First, and Charles W. Radebaugh, Second Lieuten- ant. The company was at once furnished with fatigue uniforms and Springfield breech-load- ing rifles by the State. From the organization of the company its officers were very diligent in drilling it, and it soon became one of the best drilled and disciplined companies in the State. The company was assigned to the Fourteenth Regiment, then being formed, with headquar- ters at Columbus, and was at first Company " E " of that orgaaizition, and afterward changed to " D." By a resolution unanimously adopted July 4, 1878, the company was named the " Curry Cadets, " in honor of Capt. Curry, who had then been elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment. On November 23, 1877, William M. Liggett was promoted to the captaincy of the company, and Charles W. Radebaugh to the Frst Liieutenancy. John F. Zuerner was elected Second Lieutenant. The Fourteenth Regiment having its headquarters at Columbus, was often called upon to do active duty, on important public occasions, and in which the Curry Cadets always participated. On January 14, 1878, it took part at Columbus in the inauguration of R. M. Bishop, as Governor of Ohio, and foriped a part of the great military review on that occasion. August 11, 1880, it took part in the National Re-union of ex-soldiers and sailors at Colum- bus, where it was reviewed by President Hayes, General Sherman, and other distinguished officers of the Regular Army, and formed a part of the President's escort. It was also at the funeral of President Garfield at Cleveland, October, 1881, and was the recipient of special attention and honor on that memorable occasion. In an interview with Gen. W. S. Hancock, published in the Cleveland Z)a% (?^o6e, at that time, the General spoke in terms of the highest praise of the military bearing, strict discipline and soldierly appearance of the Fourteenth Regiment. During the funeral ceremonies, the Fourteenth Regiment was given the post of honor, and placed on guard duty in Lake View Cemetery, and by orders from headquarters, the Curry Ca- dets were placed at the vault to guard the same and assist in .the decorations ; and they re- mained on duty there till the last sad rites in honor of the martyred President had been per- formed, and the distinguished men of the Nation there assembled had moved sadly and silently away. One week in each year the regiment went into camp, being furnished by the State with all necessary equipments for tliat purpose. The time in camp was always well improved, by company and battalion drill, and learning the details of camp life. The first camping- place of the regiment was on the fair grounds, near Marysville, in August, 1878, where a week was spent in active service. The next camping place was near Delaware, where the Regiment stayed from August 12 to 17, 1879. In 1880, from August 5 to 10, at Niagara Falls, N. Y., and from the 10th to the 12th of the same month at Columbus, Ohio. In 1881, from August 3 to 9, at Lakeside, Ohio. On the 18th of July, 1882, twenty-five of the members of the company, who enlisted July 18, 1877, were discharged by reason of the expiration of their term of enlistment, and the remain- ing members, with a number of recruits, re-organized the company, and it still maintains its reputation as a very elhcient organization. MILITARY RECORD. 557 In 1882, Capt, William M. Liggett was elected Lieutenant- Colonel of the Fourteenth Regi- ment, vice W. L. Curry, resigned. The Curry Cadets then' elected Junot D. Buxton, Captain, .John I>. Sellers, First Lieuten- ant, and D. S. Alexander, Second Lieutenant. From August 17 to 24, 1882, the regiment camped on Belle Isle, near Detroit, Mich. Below is given a complete roster of the company, from its organization to the present time. William L. Curry, Charles W. Iladebaugh, Charles W. Snider, .John F. Zuerner, Asbury H. Beightler, Edward W. Porter, Junot D. Buxton, Otie W. Ingman, Lester Turner, Frank J. Hill, John M. Cassil, William M. Liggett, John H. Kinkade, John L. Sellers, Oscar R. Barbour, Charles F. Wilkins, John M. Brodrick, Stedman W. Coe, Charles Stuart, Charles F. Mason, John M. Wilkins, Jasper R. King, Charles L. Ousler, Arthur G. AVetzel, Samuel W. Peacock, Frank N. Hamilton, L. R. Newhouse, George W. Marlin, Le Roy Turner, J. F. Baker, John Weisbrod, C. L. Rose, C. F. Sellers, John V. Pearse, Joe S. Wilkins, Alex Houston, Z. T. Alexander, D. S. Alexander, John W. Anderson, Harry S. Bundy, William Hopkins, Deurelle S. Price, Henry Geinike, John Fleck. John Gamble, James B. Healey, W. K. Liggett, A. H. Morey, John Ousler, Ed M. Pierson, J. W. Cartmell, Frank Wright, Charles W. Southard, Stevenson C. Thompson, Walter C. Fullington, Henry L. Snider, J. T. Cartmell, Leonard Huffman, John Shadrach, Deurelle S. Porter, John St. John, William Grauman, Abner D. Coe, John Brannon, Henry E. Brown, Charles. H. Childs, Charles N Coats, Fred S. Bown, J. R. Carder, Frank Ford, Edward Fogarty, George R. Gordon, Fay A. Harrington, .Joel Jolley, John F. Morey, Joe Mullen, William L. McCampbell, William Peacock, A. P. Payne, Charles Smith, James R. St. John, 0. L. Winget, William Weidman, A. B. Agner, J. W. Cross, L. W. Davis, W. H. Elliott, Edward Harmount, J. W. McClay, W. F. Otte, .Jacob Schwarz, Lewis W. Webster, Charles W. Rice, Will- iam Smith, James A. Sellers, Byron Winget. Will E. Winget, John S. Berger, F. M. Cheney, William L. English, Emory L. Hoskins, Walter Kennedy, Charles Kennedy, C. B. Slocum, F. S. Southard, George Zuerner. MARCHES, BATTLES AND SIEGES. Believing that not only soldiers bnt the general reader, after having perused the brief history of the services of Union County's soldiers, would be interested in the " maxims of war " which govern the movements of an army in the field, I have carefully compiled, from the Army Regulations and the best military authorities, this short chapter on marches, battles and sieges. MARCHES. The object of the movement and the nature of the ground determine the order of march, the kind of troops in each column and the number of col- umns. The "general," sounded one hour before the time of marching, is the signal to strike tents, to load the wagons and pack-horses, and send them to the place of assembling. The fires are then put out, and care taken to avoid burning straw, etc., or giving to the enemy any other indication of the move- ment. The " march " will be beat in the infantry, and the " advance " sounded in the cavalry, in succession, as each is to take its place in the column. When the army should form suddenly to meet the enemy, the "long roll" is beat and " to horse" sounded. The troops form rapidly in front of their camp. Batteries of artillery and their caissons move with the corps to which they are attached; the field train and ambulances march at the rear of the column, and the baggage with the rear guard. In cavalry marches, when distant from the enemy, each regiment, and, if possible, each squadron, forms a separate column, in order to keep up the same gait from front to rear, and to trot, when desirable, on good ground. In such cases, the cavalry may leave camp later, and can give jnore rest to the horses and more attention to the shoeing and harness. Horses are not bridled lantil time to start. The execution of marching orders must not be delayed. If the com- mander is not at the head of his troops when they are to march, the next in rank puts the column in motion. 558 UNION COUNTY In night marches, the Sergeant Major of each regiment remains at the roar with a drummer, to give notice when darkness or difficulty stops *^he march. In cavalry, a trumpeter is placed in rear of each squadron, and th e signal repeated to the head of the regiment. In approaching a defile, the Colonels are warned; they close their regi- ments as they come up (each regiment passes separately, Jat an accelerated pace and in as close order as possible). The leading regiment, having passed and left room for the whole column in close order, then halts, and moves again as soon as the last regiment is through. In the cavalry, each squadron, be- fore quickening the pace to rejoin the column, takes its original order of march. If two corps meet on the same road, they pass to the right, and both con- tinue their march, if the road is wide enough; if it is not, the first in the order of battle takes the road, the other halts. A column that halts to let another column pass resumes the march in ad- vance of the train of this column. If a column has to pass a train, the train must halt, if necessary, till the column passes. The cohimn which has pre- cedence must yield if the commander, on seeing the order of the other, finds it for the interest of the service. On a road, marching by the flank, it would be considered " good order "" to have 5,000 men to a mile, so that a full corps, of 30.000 men, would extend six miles; but with the average trains and batteries of artillery, the probabil- ities are that it would draw out to ten miles. On a long and regular march, the divisions and brigades should alternate in the lead; the leading divisions should be on the road by the earliest dawn, and march at the rate of about two miles, or at most two and a half miles, an hour, so as to reach camp by noon. Even then the rear division and trains will hardly reach camp much before night. Theoretically, a marching column should preserve such order that by simply halting and facing to the right or left it would be in line of battle; but this is rarely the case, and generally deployments are made " for- ward," by conducting each brigade by the flank obliquely to the right or left to its approximate position in line of battle, and there deployed. In such a line of battle, a brigade of 3,000 infantry would occupy a mile of " front;" but for a strong line of battle, 5,000 men, with two batteries, should be al- lowed to each mile, or a division would habitually constitute a double line with skirmishers and a reserve on a mile of " front." Dispositions for battle depend on the number, kind and quality of the troops opposed, on the ground, and on tiie objects of the war; but the follow- ing rules are to be observed generally: In attacking, the advanced guard endeavors to capture the enemy's outposts, or cut them off from the main body. Having done so, or driven them in, it occupies, in advancing, all the points that can cover or facilitate the march of the army or secure its reti'eat, such as bridges, defil9!S, woods and heights; it then makes attacks, to occupy the enemy, without risking too much, and to deceive them as to the march and projects of the army. When the enemy is hidden by a curtain of advanced troops, the command- ant of the advanced guard sends scouts, under intelligent ofiicers, to the right and left, to ascertain his position and movements. If he does not sutjceed in this way, he tries to unmask the enemy by demonstrations; threatens to cut the advance from the main body; makes false attacks; partial and impetuoiis charges in echelon; and if all fail, he makes a real attack to accomplish the object. MILTTARir RECORD. b59 Detachments, left by the advance guard to hold points in the rear, rejoin it when other troops come up. If the army takes a position, and the ad- vanced guard is separated from it by defiles or heights, the communication is secured by troops drawn from the main body. At proper distance from the enemy, the troops are formed for the attack in several lines; if only two can be formed, some battalions in column are placed behind the wings of the second line. The lines may be formed by troops in column or in order of battle, according to the ground and plan of attack. The advanced guard may be put in the line or on the wings, or other posi- tions, to aid the pursuit or cover the retreat. The reserve is formed of the best troops of foot and horse, to complete a victory or make good a retreat. It is placed in the rear of the central or chief point of attack or defense. The cavalry should be distributed in echelon on the wings and at the center, on favorable ground. It should be instructed not to take the gallop until within charging dis- tance; never to receive a charge at a halt, but to meet it, or, if not strong enough, to retire maneuvering; and in order to be ready for the pursuit, and prepared against a reverse, or the attacks of the reserve, not to engage all its squadrons at once, but to reserve one- third, in column or in echelon, abreast of or in the rear of one of the wings; this arrangement is better than a second line with intervals. In the attack, the artillery is employed to silence the batteries that pro- tect the position. In the defense, it is better to direct its fire on the advanc- ing troops. In either case, as many pieces are united as possible, the fire of the artillery being formidable in proportion to concentration. In battles and military operations, it is better to assume the offensive, and put the enemy on the defensive; but to be safe in doing so requires a larger force than the enemy, or better troops, and favorable ground. When obliged to act on the defensive, the advantage of position and of making the attack may sometimes be secured by forming in rear of the ground on which we are to fight, and advancing at the moment of action. In mountain warfare, the assailant has always the disadvantage; and even in offensive warfare in the open field, it may frequently be very important, when the artillery is well posted, and any advantage of ground may be secured, to await the enemy and compel him to attack. The attack should be made with a superior force on the decisive point of the enemy's position, by masking this by false attacks and demonstrations on other points, and by concealing the troops intended for it by the ground, or by other troops in their front. Besides the arrangements which depend on the supposed plan of the enemy, the wings must be protected by the ground, or supported by the troops in echelon; if the attack of the enemy is repulsed, the offensive must at once be taken, to inspire the troops, to disconcert the enemy, and often to decide the action. In thus taking the offensive, a close column should be pushed rapidly on the wing or flank of the enemy. The divisions of this column form in line of battle successively, and each division moves to the front as soon as formed, in order, by a I'apid attack in echelon, to prevent the enemy from changing front or bringing up his reserves. In all 'arrangements, especially in those for attack, it is most important to conceal the design until the moment of execution, and then to execute it with the greatest rapidity. The night, therefore, is preferred for the movement of troops on the flank or rear of the enemy, otherwise it is necessary to mask their march by a grand movement in front, or by taking a wide circuit. 560 UNION COUNTY In making an attack, the communications to the rear and for retreat must be secured, and the General must give beforehand all necessary orders to provide for that event. When a success is gained, the light troops should pursue the enemy promptly and rapidly. The other troops will restore order in their columns, then advance from position to position, always prepared for an attack or to support the troops engaged. Before the action, the Generals indicate the places where they will be; if they chano-e position, they give notice of it, or leave a staff officer to show where they have gone. During the tight, the ofiicers and non-commissioned officers keep the men in the ranks, and enforce obedience if necessary. Soldiers must not be permitted to leave the ranks to strip or rob the dead, nor even to assist the wounded unless by express permission, which is only to be given after the action is decided. The highest interest and most pressing duty is to win the victory, by winning which only can a proper care of the wounded be insured. Before the action, the Quartermaster of the division makes all the neces- sary arrangements for the transportation of the wounded. He establishes the ambulance depots in the rear, and gives his assistants the necessary instruc- tions for the service of the ambulance wagons and other means of removing the wounded. The ambulance depot, to which the wounded are carried or directed for immediate treatment, is generally established at the most convenient building nearest the field of battle. A red flag marks its place, or the way to it, to the conductors of the ambulances and to the wounded who can walk. The active ambulances follow the troops engaged, to succor the wounded and remove them to the depots; for this purpose the conductors should always haveithe necessary assistants, that the soldiers may have no excuse to leave the ranks for that object. The medical director of the division, after consultation with the Quarter- master General, distributes the medical officers and hospital attendants at his disposal to the depots, and active ambulances. He will send officers and at tendants when practicable, to the active ambulances, to relieve the wounded who require treatment before being removed from, the ground. He will see that the depots and ambulances are provided with the necessary apparatus, medicines and stores. He will take post, and render his professional services, at the principal depot. If the enemy endanger the depot, the Quartermaster takes the orders of the General to remove it, or to strengthen its guard. The wounded in the depots and the sick are removed, as soon as possible, to the hospitals that have been established by the Quartermaster General of the army, on the flank or rear of the army. After an action, the officers of ordnance collect the munitions of war left on the field, and make a return of them to the General. The Quartermaster's department collects the rest of the public property captured, and makes the returns to headquarters. Written reports for the General commanding-in-chief are made by com- mandants of regiments, batteries, separate squadrons, and by all commanders of a higher grade, each in what concerns his own command, and to his im- mediate commander. When an officer or soldier deserves mention for conduct in action, a special report shall be made in his case, and the General commanding- in-chief decides whether to mention him in his report to the Government and in his orders. But he shall not be mentioned in the report until he has been men- tioned in the orders to the army. These special reports are examined with MILITARY RECORD. 561 care by the intermediate cominanders, to verify the facts, and secure com- mendations and rewards to the meritorious only. PRISONERS OF WAR. Prisoners of war will be disarmed and sent to the rear, and reported as soon as practicable to headquarters. The return of prisoners from the head- quarters of the army to the War Department will specify the number, rank and corps. SIEGES. In the following regulations, the besieging force is supposed to be two divisions of infantry and a brigade of cavalry. The same principles govern in other cases. The Brigadier Generals of infantry serve, in turn, as Generals of the trenches; one or more of them are detailed daily, according to the front and num- ber of attacks; they superintend the operations, and dispose the guards of the trenches to repulse sorties and protect the works. Officers of the general staff are assigned to them to transmit their orders and attend to the details of service. The commandants of engineers and artillery accompany the first troops be- fore the works, to examine the works and approaches. When the engineers have completed the reconnoissance of the works, and of each front as far as practicable, the commandant of engineers makes a plan of the works, as exact and detailed as possible, and, under the instructions of the General commanding the siege, draws up the general plan of the siege, and discusses it with the commandant of artilleiy in regard to the best employment of that arm. These officers then submit their joint or separate opinions to the General, who decides on the plan of the siege, and gives the orders for the execution. The command- ant of engineers directs the construction of all the works of the siege, uider the authority of the General, and lays before him every day a report of his operations, and a plan showing the progress of the attack. The commandant of artillery also makes daily reports to the General, of all that relates to his branch of the service. The field officer of the trenches sees that men and litters are always ready, to bring off" the wounded. One or more companies of the guards of the trenches are put under his immediate orders for the preservation of order and police in the trenches. The divisions, brigades, regiments and battalions are encamped, during the siege, in the order of battle. Materials for the siege, such as fascines, gabions, hurdles, pickets, etc., are furnished by the different corps, in the proportion ordered by the General. Guards and workmen going to the trenches march without beat of drum or music. The guards always enter the trenches with arms trailed, and the workmen also, unless they carry materials or tools, when the arms are in the sling. Sand bags, forming loop-holes, are placed at intervals in the parapet, to cover the sentinels; they are more numerous than the sentinels, so that the enemy may not know where the sentinels are placed. When detachments are placed at night in advance of the trenches, to cover the workmen, the men sit or lie down, with their firearms in their hands, to hide themselves better from the enemy; the sentinels put their ears to the ground frequently, that they may hear troops coming out of the place. To prevent mistakes, the workmen are told what troops cover them. No honors are paid in the trenches. When the General commanding the siege visits them, the guards place themselves in rear of the banquette, and rest on their arms. The colors are never carried to the trenches, unless the 562 UNION COUNTY whole regiment marches to repulse a sortie or make an assault. Even in this case, they are not displayed until the General commanding the siege gives a formal order. In the case of a sortie, the guards move rapidly to the places that have been designated by the General of the trenches, and which afford the best defense for the head of the works, the batteries, the communications or the flanks, or best enable them to take the sortie itself in flank or reverse. Hav- ing lined the banquette to Are on the enemy, the troops form on the reverse of the trench to receive him. The workmen take arms, retain their positions, or retire with their tools, as ordered. The officers commanding the detach- ments of workmen see that their movements are made promptly and in good order, so as to avoid all confusion in the communications. The troops that advance beyond the trenches, to repulse the sortie, must not follow in pursuit. The General takes care that they return to the trenches before the retreat of the sortie allows the artillery of the place to open on them. When the workmen return, the officers and non-comn^issioned officers of the detachments call the I'oll without interrupting the work, which is im- mediately resumed. The general officers of cavalry are more particularly employed in the serv- ice of posts, and detachments placed in observation to protect the siege. They and the field officers of this arm are employed in the command of escorts to convoys, of whatever arms the escorts ma}' be composed. When these duties are not sufficient to employ them, they take their share of the duties of the trenches. In war, every commander of a fortified place should always hold himself prepared with his plan of defense, as if at any time liable to attack. He ar- ranges his plan according to the probable mode of attack; determines the posts of the troops in the several parts of the works, the reliefs, the reserves and the details of service in all the corps. He draws up instructions for a case of attack, and exercises the garrison according to his plan of defense. In sea-coast works, he provides the instructions for the different batteries on the approach of ships. On the approach of an enemy, he removes all houses and other objects, within or without the place, that cover the approaches, or interrupt the tire of the guns or the movements of the troops. He assures himself personally that all posterns, outlets, embrasures, etc., are in proper state of seciirity. He consults his next in rank, and the senior officer of the engineers and of the artillery, either separately or as a council of defense. In the latter case, he designates an officer to act as Secretary to the council, and to record their proceedings, and their joint or separate opinions, which are to be kept secret during the siege. The members may record their opinions under their own signature. In all cases, the commander decides on his own responsibility. The commander shall defend in succession the advanced works, the covered ways and outworks, the body of the work and the interior intrench- ments. He will not be content with clearing away the foot of the breaches, and defending them by abattis, mines, and all the means used in sieges; but he shall begin in good time, behind the bastions or front of attack, the neces- sary intrenchments, to resist assaults on the main work. When the commander thinks that the end of the defense has come, he shall still consult the council of defense on the means that may remain to pro- long the siege. But in all cases he alone will decide on the time, manner and terms of the surrender. In the capitulation, he shall not seek or accept better terms for himself than for the garrison, but shall share their fate, and exert his best endeavors for the care of the troops, and especially of the sick and wounded. PART V. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. T SHIP HISTORIES. CHAPTER I ^.^WUy^-^(- THE TOWN OF MARYSVILLE^Paris Toavnsiiip. rr^HE original plat of Maiysville was laid oat in 1819, and the following de- 1 scription thereof is from the records of Delaware County, which then included the site : " Plat of the town of Marysville, which is situated on Mill Creek, a branch of the West Fork of the Scioto River, in Delaware Count}', Ohio, which was surveyed and laid out, agreeable to the above plat, for Samuel Culbertson,* Esq., proprietor of said town, as laid out to the cardinal points of the compass. The streets and alleys all at right angles ; the lots are five perches in front, or north and south, and eight perches back, or east and west ; the lots contain one-fourth part of an acre each, except the fractional lots which join the public square are less ; the streets are all four perches wide except the two streets running north and south, one of which being on the east side of the public square and the other on the west side, are thirt3--three feet wide each ; the alleys are all sixteen and one- half feet wide each, all of which is fully delineated on the above plat. " August 10, A. D. 1819. Charles PvOberts, Surveyor." The lots in this plat were numbered from one to ninetj'-six ; the public square was in the shape of a diamond. The land included in this plat is a part of Ed- ward Dowses Surve}- No. 3351, surveyed for him in 1798, b}' Nathaniel Massie, D. S., on certain militar}' warrants held by Dowse. Stephens Thomson Mason, of Loudoun County, Va., purchased the warrants and received a patent from the United States Grovernment May 7, 1800, for the whole survey, 1087 acres, "situate, Ijdng and being between the Little Miami and Scioto Rivers, northwest of the River Ohio." March 21, 1801, Mason sold it to Joseph Scott, of Philadelphia, for five shillings, and the latter, on the 22d of September in the same year, disposed of it to Francis Bailey, of Lancaster County, Penn., for the sum*of $187. Bailey, who owned a printing establishment in Philadelphia, on the 15th of March. 1813, conveyed the land to Margaret Bailey, "a single woman," for $1. July 10, 1817, Miss Bailey sold the west one-third part of her purchase to Samuel W. Culbertson, also for $1. By this Mr. Culbertson became the owner of what a subsequent survey proved to be 450 acres of land. It is thus described in the deed to him : " Beginning on the bank of Mill Creek, in Delaware Countj^ Ohio, above where the present road passes from Delaware to Urbana, at two sugar trees and lyn, the northwest corner Edward Dowse's Surve}' No. 3351 ; thence seventy and one-half east 152 poles to a hickory, sugar tree and ash in the line of said Dowse's survey, at one-third of the whole distance — 456 poles ; thence south ten east 436 poles to a post in the south boundar}- of said Dowse's survey, crossing the creek at 180 poles ; thence south eighty west 152 poles with said south boundary to a large white oak and three sugar trees southwest corner to said Dowse's survej- ; thence north ten west 436 poles along the west boundar}- of said Dowse's surve}', crossing the creek to the beginning." *Thi8 gentleman's name was Samuel W. Culbertson. 4 . HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Calbertson lived at Zaiiesville, Ohio. June 28, 1820, his wife, Maiy* Ciilbert- sou, granted him a power of attorne}' to conve}' for her the interest she owned in any lands in Union County which he wished to sell. July 25, 1822, the following power of attorney was granted by Culbertson and wife to Silas Gr. Strong, of Marysville : " Knoio all men hy these presents, That we, Samuel W. Culbertson, and Nancy, his wife, for divers good causes and considerations us thereunto moving, and the sum of one dollar to us in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereb}- acknowledged, do and by these presents have nominated, constituted and appointed Silas G. Strong, of Marvsville, our true and lawful attorne}' in fact, for us and in our names, to sell any and ever}' inlot in Marysville, as laid out b}' Samuel W. Culbertson, be- ginning with lot number one and taking every odd lot progressiveh" as high as lot number ninet3'-six, the even lots having been already disposed of; and lots num- bers one, three, forty-five, fifty-one, he is to be restricted to the prices as marked on the plat this day furnished him, subscribed by S. W. Culbertson ; the lots to be sold for one-fourth in hand and the residue within three years from the date, with interest from the sale ; vvhen the sale is made, our attorney to give to the purchaser a title bond in our names, to bind us to make a complete legal title to the purchaser on the payment of the whole purchase-money to him or us ; he is also to make and give leases for small outlots for improvements, until outlots are laid out for sale, at which time the leases are to be void on the leasee being paid for his improvement. All our attorney's acts done by him agreeable to this power are to be done bj' him in our names, which he is to subscribe until this power is revoked by us ; and we do hereby- obligate ourselves to ratify and confirm what- ever our said attorney may do by virtue of this our authorit}', as witness our hands and seals at Marysville this 25th da}- of July, 1822. " Samuel W. Culbertson. [seal.] " Witnesses present : " Nancy Culbertson. [seal.] " David Comer. "Neil GtmN." Mr. Strong received like documents from other non-resident propert}- holders, to sell or lease land for them, and was a man of extensive business for those da3's. Marysville having been fixed upon as the seat of justice for the county of Union, David Comer was, on the 10th of Jul}', 1820, appointed Director of said town, with Thomas McDonald and George Harris as his bondsmen. On the day following it was " Ordered bi/ the Court, That David Comer, the Director of the town of Marysville, be governed in his proceedings by the following rules, to-wit : That he select the grounds and lots ; that he receive deeds for the county ; that he sell the lots at public sale, giving first thirty days' notice in the neighboring papers ; that he sell for one-tenth in hand and the iDalance in four equal annual payments ; that he lay out the land in lots (either in or out lots as the ground may best suit); that he make any alterations in laying out the town which Cul- bertson and himself may think expedient ; that he take bond, with security, from purchasers. After the public sale he may sell at private sale, and clear off the ground before the sales and make such other improvements as may be advantage- ous to the county." April 18, 1821, a plat of Marysville was placed on record in Union County, having a total of 144 lots ; this was laid out by Mr. Comer, as Director, the lots from 98 to 144, inclusive, having been donated by Mr. Culbertson for the use of the county. The space between Center and North streets, extending east the width of one lot beyond Water street, was called " Military Square," and has since been laid out into lots. It was 43 poles and 4 links east and west, by 28 poles north and south, and contained 7 acres 47 poles and 9 links. Culbertson and his wife, upon the establishment of the seat of justice at Marysville, deeded to David Comer, in trust for the county, all the even-numbered lots in the original plat and * The name appears as Mary bii t once ; in all other places it is given as Nancy, which was probably the true name- PARIS TOWNSHIP. O the 24 acres adjoining on the east, in which were the 48 additional lots and the Military Square. This deed, dated December 16, 1820, was made in order that the Commissioners might be enabled to erect public buildings at Marysville. The Military Square was "laid out into lots June 29, 1825 ; eight outiots had been platted for Mr. Culbertson, west of the original town, by Silas Gr. Strong, surveyor, November 3, 1823. In 1824, David Comer resigned as Director, and on the 27th of September, in that year, the court appointed Stephen McLain in his place, and he entered into bonds, with David Comer and Richard Gabriel as securities. Comer died in 1825, and his last will and testament was admitted to probate on the 27th of June, in that year. He had, before his resignation, sold for the county the following lots in Marj^sville : No. 4, to George Harris, April 20, 1821, price, $8\. No. 28, to Matthias Collins, May 21, 1821, price. $75.0625. No. 26, to Matthias Collins, June 29, 1821, price, $55. No. 58, to Phihp Jarboe, June 29, 1821, price. $96. No. 70, to Thomas Collins, December 3, 1822, price, $54. No. 38, to T. L. Woods and Stephen McLain, September 27, 1824, price, $1. Stephen McLain, while acting in the capacity of Director, sold lots in the town as follows : Nos. 8, 86, 99, 102, to Thomas Osborn, April 2, 1825, price, $15,125. No. 20, to Matthias Collins, November 25, 1824, price, $1. No. 16, to Daniel Miller, November 5, 1824, price, $60.0625. Nos. 129, 136, 137, 144, to Levi Phelps, May 10, 1825, price, $10. No. 76, to Leonard Kirkwood, July 16, 1825, price, $1. Nos. 2, 7, 10, 15, in Military Square, to James P. Crawford, September 29, 1825, price, $100. Nos. 12, 30, 42, 80, and 3, 6, 11, 14, on Military Square, to Silas G. Strong, September 29, 1825, price, 6100. No. 94, to Pierce Lanphere, May 1, 1826, price, $10. No. 82, to Leonard Kirkwood, May 29, 1826. price. $5. Nos. 113, 120, 121, 128, 103, 106, 62, 116, 117, 124, 125, 60, 72. to David Witter, February 18, 1826, price, $100. No. 84, to John N. Conkelon, June 30, 1826, price, $10. No. 72, to Daniel Miller, November 17, 1826, price, $1. Nos. 114, 119, 122, 127, to Daniel Miller, January 2, 1827, price, $25. No. 78, to Adam Wolford, November 17, 1826, price, $10. No. 90, to Adam AVolford, March 21, 1827, price, $10. No. 44, to Hezekiah Bates, May 19, 1827, price, $1. Nos. 32, 14, 10, 129, 136, 137, 144, to Levi Phelps, July 26, 1827, price, $100. Nos. 34, 97, 98, to John R. McLain, December 17, 1827, price, $37.75. No. 22, to Silas G. Strong, June 4, 1828, price, $69. No. 143, to Sampson Hubbell, June 20, 1829, price, $4. Nos. 100, 101. 108, 109. to William Gregg, June 22, 1829, price, $6. Nos. 18, 66, 92, 115, 118, 123, 126, 131, 134, 139, 142, to Thomas Collins, Octo- ber 19, 1829, price, $31. No. 54, to William Edgar, September 15, 1829, price. $20. No. 110, to Robert Miller, June 22, 1829, price, $3. No. 64, to John R. McLain, February 24, 1830, price, $35. Nos. 56, 68, to Cyprian Lee, May 10, 1828, price, $0. Nos. 4, 5, 12 and 13, on Military Square, to Matthias Collins, Mar-ch 30, 1825, price, $7. No. 2. to Levi Phelps, Julv 20, 1829, price, $2. No. 48, to Alexander Pollock, October 26, 1830, price, $5. Nos. 1, 8, 9 and 16, on Military Square, to Matthias Collins, January 28, 1831, price, $30. 6 ■ HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Nos. 135, 138, to William AYells, May 7, 1830, price, $8. No. 96, to George Sager. September 15, 1829, price, $10. No. 112, to Silas G. Strong, November G, 1828, price, $8. No. Ill, to Silas G. Strong, October 10, 1833, price, $10. No. 74, to William H. Spear, October 29, 1833, price, S5. No. 88, to John R. McLain, February 28, 1834, price, $6. No. 6, to Ransom Clark. January 23, 1834, price, $6. Nos. 132,133, 140, 141, to Thomas Snodgrass, February 28, 1834, price, $S. No. 130, to Flisha Adamson, John R. McLain, Samuel B. Johnson, Directors of School District No. 1, March 30, 1835, price, $5. Mr. Culbertson sold the following, making deeds of a number of them after he had conveyed to his son-in-law, Joshua Mathiot, the entire 450 acres, except such lots as had been already sold or contracted for, the transfer occurring April 10, 1828 : No. 33, to John Leeper, May 27, 1826, price, $1. No. 45, to James Taylor, May 23, 1826, price, $150. Outlot No. 2, to Silas G. Strong, May 27, 1826, price, S50. Outlot No. 8, to Levi Phelps, July 15, 1828, price, $50. No. 39, to David \\ itter, November 8, 1828, price, $50. Outlot No. 1, to Stephen McLain, November 26, 1829, price, $50. Outlot No. 4, to Adam Wolford, February 4, 1830, price, $50. July 2, 1828, Mathiot granted Silas G. Strong power of attorney* to sell for him any lots owned by said iNIathiot in IMarj'sville, or to lease or rent any farm lands on the balance of the 450 acres. He stipulated that Lots 1, 5, 7, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 25, 27, 61 and 83 should be sold for not less than $20 each ; Lots 3, 23, 49, 65, 67, 71, 79, 81, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93 and 95, at not less than $25 each ; Lots 53, 55, 59, 73 and 75, no less than $40 each ; Lots 21 and 69, no less than $70 each ; Lot 47, no less than $100; Lot 51, no less than $125; outlots at not less than $50 each. Mathiot and his wife, who at the time resided in Licking County, Ohio, sold lots as follows, per Strong : Nos. 3, 11, to Levi Phelps, January 2, 1830, price, $25. Nos. 53, 55, to William Campbell, January 12, 1832, price, $80. No. 27, to Samuel B. Johnson, January 12, 1832, price, SIOO. Part of No. 51, to Silas G. Strong, September 29, 1832, price, $63. Part of No. 51, to Cyprian Lee, June 17, 1833, price, $87. Outlot No. 3, to James January, January 12, 1832, price, $50. No. 47, to Enos Ward, January 12, 1832, price, $100. Undivided one-half No. 45, to Luther M. Davis, March 1, 1834, price, $140. Nos 29, 41, to Hezekiah Bates, March 21. 1834, price, $100. Outlots Nos. 5, 6, to William Ward, March 26, 1834, price, $100. No. 57, to Harvey Ward, March 14, 1835, pi'ice, $150. Nos. 69, 77, to Cyprian Lee, March 23, 1837, price, $100. No. 91, to Adam Wolford, March 23, 1837, price, $40. No. 75, to Ira Wood, March 23, 1837, price, $65. No. 15, to Christian Gaul, March 14, 1835. price, $125. No. 63, to Calvin Winget, March 23, 1837. price, $100. No. 81, to Levi Antrim, ^larch 23, 1837, price. $48. Nos. 73, 85, to Alexander I'ollock, December 29, 1838, price, $150. Nos. 83, 95, to William Snodgrass, December 29, 1838, price, $100. No. 59, to Silas G. Strong, March 23, 1837, price, $72. Nos. 5, 17, to Ransom Clark, December 29, 1838, price, $62.50. No. 69, to Robson L. Broome, December 14, 1833, price, $100. No. 37, to Mains Wason. January 7, 1841, price, $37.50. No. 71, to James H. Gill, January 11, 1841, price, $60. No. 49, to Henry Kezartee. Jnly'^26, 1843, price, $60. *Thi8 power of attorne.v was revoked April y, 1830, but reiiewed the same day. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 7 No. 61, to Robsou L. Broome, July 26, 1843, price, $36. No. 79, to Robsoii L. Broome, Julj- 26, 1843, price, $60. No. 87, to William H. Frank, April, 6, 1848, $75. No. 93, to William L. Gibson, April 6, 1848, price, $40. Outlot No. 7, to William H. Skinner,* April 15, 1851, price, $124. April 12, 1851, Joshua Mathiot's widow sold to John Cassil her dower estate in Survey 3,351, described in a deed bearing that date. The administrators sub- sequently sold a number of lots in Mathiot's addition. In March, 1849, the Com- missioners ordered a re-numbering of the lots in Marysville, in compliance with an act of the Legislature passed February 2, 1848, and the Auditor and Recorder performed the work, making a few changes from the original numbering. The following additions have been made to the town, aside from those already men- tioned : Western Addition — By Henry Shedd. ten lots, surveved b}- William B. Irwin, July 6, 1847. Mathiot's Addition— April 16, 1S51, lots added from 172 to 221, inclusive, and several outlots, principally south of original town, but extending a little to the east thereof John Cassil's Addition — Nineteen lots and eight outlots, north of original town, November 25, 1854. D. D. Welsh's Addition — Eleven lots, January '2, 1855. William Welsh's Addition of Outlots — January 3, 1855. William E. Lee's Addition — Fourteen lots, January 17, 1855. A. L. Skinner's Addition — Five Lots, September 25, 1855. Samuel C. Lee's Addition — Thirty-eight lots, south of railroad, on East and Military streets, August 16, 1864. The Picket Addition — Twelve lots, between Center and North streets and west of Cottage street, June 13, 1865, by John Cassil, agent and attorney for G. A. and Emily H. Cassil. S. W. Dolbear's Addition— Seven lots, April 7, 1866. Charles Erb's Addition of Outlots— August 29, 1868. Brown & Mowry's Addition — By Thomas Brown and A. S. Mowry, February 14, 1871, ten lots east of Vine, between Center and North streets. William C. Barnett's Addition — Fourteen lots, between Water and Military streets, south of railroad, Ma3^ 6, 1873. Robinson's Addition — By James W. and William H. Robinson, seventy- three lots, including two outlots, in southwest part of town, December 10, 1873. Reed's Addition — By Margaret F. Reed and Samuel L. Reed, her husband, four lots on Weaver street, Februar}' 20, 1875. Southwick's Addition — Weaver and Center streets (east of Weaver and south of Center, crossing South street), by E. R. Southwick, May 18, 1876. Freshwater's Addition — Between Vine and Water streets, and between Cen- ter street and the railroad, b}" William Burns, executor of will of William Fresh- water, March 2, 1880. Robb's Addition — South of Center street, west of Kenton avenue, bv Will- iam H. Robb, March 26, 1881. The name " Marysville " was given to the town by Mr. Culbertson when he laid it out, in honor of his daughter Mary, who subsequentl}^ became the wife of Gen. Joshua Mathiot. The banks of Mill Creek, at Marysville, are 480 feet above the waters of the Ohio River at Portsmouth — the mouth of the Scioto. The stream is here not large, but furnishes slight power. During the dry season its channel is nearly filled with a vegetable growth. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first cabin on the site of Marysville is said to have been built by a Qua- ker named Jonathan Summers, about 1816. After the town was platted, its first * Mr. Skinner purchased from the administrators of J. Mathiot, deceased 8 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. settlers were Matthias Collins, Samuel Miller and John Leeper. George Snod- grass, the oldest living resident of Union County, in a letter dated at Urbana, Ohio, December 18, 1882, contributes from his recollection substantially as fol- lows : "When I came to Marysville to live, in February, 1824, there were but four families living on the town plat ; it was literally in the woods. Silas G. Strong had just moved in a new log house, just where the house of Judge Woods, de- ceased, now stands, opposite the jail, on land he had purchased at $3.50 per acre. Daniel Miller, a brother-in-law of David Comer, lived in an old log cabin built probably by a squatter. He had four children, was a brick-maker by trade, and died here after a few years ; his widow removed from the place. Matthias Collins was here when I came. He had one or two children. His wife died at an early date. Collins was a carpenter, and built a little one-story house on East Center street, just on the east side of the branch. Dr. Henderson owns the site now. Collins got married in 1830, perhaps; moved on a farm, lived a few years and died. The fourth family was that of Stephen McLain. He was raised in Cham- paign County, Ohio, married in the fall of 1823, moved to Mar3-sville, and was jailer, living in the jail when I went there in February, 1824. Those were the citizens of Marysville then. "Between that date and the fall of 1827, two fixmilies located in the place — George Minturn and wife, from Champaign County, and Newton Hicks and wife. Minturn was a wheelwright by trade, and made little and big spinning wheels. People at that time manufactured their own wearing apparel. Newton Hicks was a tanner. I built the first two-story frame to live in that was put up in Marj^s- ville. I think I am safe in saying that I taught the first school that had any scholars, in the corporation or town plat. " I recollect David Comer distinctly. He was a man of considerable ability, and a gentleman. He was our Ca^jtain ; I have mustered under him. He was elected Commissioner of Union County at an early date. He owned a good farm three miles west of Milford, and died about the j-ear 1830. Some years after that the widow married a fine man by the name of Ralph Cherry. The}^ are both gone. As regards Clark Pi-ovin, I can say but little. My recollection is that he was appointed Clerk of the Court until one could be elected ; if so, then Silas G. Strong was elected. I am not able to state what became of him. " Silas G. Sti'ong was an Eastern man. He had a good educat'on, and was smart, shrewd, and capable of filling any office in the county or State. He came to Marj'sville soon after the organization of the county. He was of the Presby- terian order. When I came to live with him he was Clerk of the Courts, County and Township Recorder, Justice of the Peace and Postmaster. He was a good surveyor, was agent for a good many tracts of land, and his having no familj- ex- cept his wife was the reason I went to live with him ; he wanted some one to as- sist him in his business. I was to staj- with him three years. When I was not engaged for him, he was to educate me in his own house. He was to give me $33 the first 3'ear, $66 the second, $100 the third, and board me and do m}' washing ; I was to furnish my own clothing. I lived with him three years, then got mar- ried, rented his house and kept tavern. Strong and his wife boarding with me. He always treated me well, never a cross word passing between us. During that time, -I taught school nine months in one place, a mile and a half from Marysville, at $12.50 per month. " Amos A. Williams was then SheriflT of the count3'. He was a carpenter by trade, and as the business of his office did not give him constant employment, he made me his deputy and left the entire business with me. I was then twenty years of age. He was elected for a second term, and I still remained with him, making three years altogether, to the satisfaction of all concerned." Mr. Snodgrass further says : " My father's name was Robert Snodgrass. He came from Pennsylvania and settled near Milford in the year 1800, with five or six c^^t^ PARIS TOWNSHIP. 11 other families — relatives. At that time tlie country was a wilderness ; Indians were very plent}', but frieudlj^ Our family numbered ten persons, of whom four were born in the bounds of Union. I was born June 8, 1805."* About 1835-40, Silas Gr. Strong changed his religious views and went, with his wife, to the Shakers. After one 3-ear he became dissatisfied and returned to Mar^'sville. He then embraced the doctrine of the Second Adventists and be- came enthusiastic in that belief W. C. Malin relates of him that he had his •• as- cension robe " read}' on several occasions, and at one time took a man's cow and horse team as balance of payment on a farm. The man came in afterward and wanted the cow back, sa3ing that his family was nearly starving. Strong told him it made no difference; the people would all be " called up" in a few daj^s any way — referring to the predicted " end of the world." After a number of j-ears Strong went to Nauvoo, 111., and joined the Mormons, and there died. Some time later his wife returned to her friends in the East. David Wittert was the third Sheriff of Union County, elected in 1828 and re-elected in 1832. He was a native of Penn.sylvania, born in 178G. His father, Elijah Witter, removed to Ontario County, N. Y., about the beginning of the present centurj'. In that county, near Geneva, David continued to reside until he was about twentj'-eight years old. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. and as such participated in the battle at Queenstown Heights, in Canada, fought in Octo- ber, 1812. He belonged to the force under Col. S. Van Rensselaer, which as- saulted and took the enemy's works, but a re-enforcement of the enemy came up and retook them. In 1814, Mr. Witter moved to Ohio and bought land and settled in Union County, on the Darby Plains. Here he improved a large and valuable farm, and was greatly prospered while he resided on it. At the public sale of town lots in Ma- rysville, in 1820, Mr. Witter bought a large number of lots, among others the lot on which the American Hotel building now stands. He erected that structure in the summer and fall of 1829. It was one of the best hotel buildings then in this section of the State ; there was at that time none superior to it either in Spring- field, Delaware or Columbus. Mr. Witter owned some three hundred acres of land adjoining Mar3'sville on the east, coming up to what is now known as Weaver street, including the Pvichey farm, part of the D. Longbrake farm, and part of Mrs. McFadden's farm. The land that he then owned in this vicinity is now of im- mense value, but was sold by him l)efore it had appreciated much. Mr. Witter was a man of great enterprise and activity, and ver}^ successful in business for many years ; but in 1840 he engaged in buying hogs and cattle, and sustained heavy losses. He subsequently sold out and paid his debts, and in 1845 removed to Logan County, III, where he had entered one thousand acres of land in 1835. He remained on this land until 1857, when he sold out and moved to Pike County, III, where he died in June, 1857. Mr. Witter was married three times; first to Sally Witter, a distant relative; this was in 1810. She died in 1838, and he married Mrs. Eliza Moran, in 1839, in Union County, Ohio. In 1857, he married a Mrs. Fuller, in Illinois. By his first wife he raised six children, five daughters and one son, as follows : Clarissa, born in 1812, married to T. L. Campbell ; moved to Texas, raised a large family, and died just before the breaking-out of the rebellion. Joshua, born in 1815, married in Union County ; moved to Illinois in 1845, and from thence to Texas in 1853. He remained there until the opening of the rebellion, when he was compelled to leave on account of his undisguised Union ♦George Snodgrass was married February 7, 1828, and his wife, Hannah, died December 9, 1881. Mr. Snodgrass was one ot the chain-carriers for the surveyor who was authorized to lay out the Marion road, also the Newton road. In running the entire distance from Marysville to the north part of the county, they saw hut two or three cabins. Cue was in the valley of Boke's Creek, just north of Pharisburg, and another on Fulton Creek. The latter was occu- pied by Cyprian Lee. Levi Phelps, who surveyed the road, was then a young, unmarried man, and at Mr. Lee's house, where the party made its headquarters for several days, he met, in the person of Mr. Lee's sister, the lady who subsequently became tiis wife. fThe sketch of Mr. Witter is furnished by Judge P. B. Cole. 12 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. sentiments. His son made his wa}' to the North before his father did, and joined the Union forces and served during the balance of the war. Anna, the second daughter, married Hosea Ardes, in Illinois, in 1845 ; re- moved to Texas about 1853, where she still resides. Dolly B. intermarried with P. B. Cole, of Marys ville, where they still reside. Mar}' married Horace G. Ballou, who removed from Marysville to Logan Count}-, 111., in 1850, where he practiced with success until 1855, when he died. His widow died in 18G5. ArmudaP. married deorge Downing, in Logan County, III, in 1845. He died in 1853, and she afterward married John England, who died in 1869. She is now a widow, and resides at Lincoln, III. Sarah Ann married Levi Rinker, in Logan County, III. He was a soldier in an Illinois regiment, and fell in battle near Atlanta, Gra. She resides near Fort Scott, Kan., and is a widow. Eliza was the only child b}' his second marriage. She married a man by the name of James Iden ; they now reside in Lincoln, 111. Mr. Witter had been unfortunate in business just before he left Ohio, but had repaired most of his losses before his death and left a good property to his chil- dren at his death. Adam Wolford, Sr., was raised in Gruernsey County, Ohio, where he was prob- ably born. He removed to Mt. Vernon, Knox County, where he was married on the 10th of May, 1821. Immediately after his marriage, he came with his wife to Union County and settled on a farm near the site of the present fair ground, a short distance outside of the corporation as it now exists. His daughter (Maria) was born December 18, 1825, and before she was a year old her parents moved into the village and located on a lot on the north side of South street, just east of the '-town run; " the family took up its residence in a log house on said lot. At that date it is likely that log houses were the only kind to be seen within the limits of the place. Mr. Wolford was a carpenter by trade, and had most of the work in that line to perform for a considerable period; a great portion of the car- penter work in the court house recently abandoned was done by him. He after- ward moved to the lot in the southwest pai't of town, on which the West School building now stands. When said building was erected, the frame house which occupied the site, and in which Mr. Wolford lived, was moved to the south side of the street and is now occupied by R. L. Partridge and famil}-. Mr. Partridge mar- ried Mr. Wolford's daughter (Maria), mentioned above. Mr. Wolford died June 10, 1863, at the age of sixty-five years. His wife (Katharine Wolford), died Octo- ber 17, 1865, aged sixty years. Adam Wolford, Jr., brotiier to the wife of Adam Wolford, Sr., settled in Marysville with his widowed mother, Charlotte Wolford, about 1828. She after- ward married Jacob Slicer, and both are now deceased. Adam Wolford, Jr., was only four years of age when his mother came with him and his brother and two sisters to Marysville. After a residence of forty-one 3'ears in the town, he removed to Missouri in 186!). He now resides near North Lewisburg, Ohio. Richard Bancroft was born August 11, 1797, at Wakefield, England; came to America when nineteen 3'ears of age; married Mary Graham, Februaiy 14, 1822, in Clark County, Ohio, and soon after located at Marysville, where he resided over fifty years. He died August 22, 1880, in Iowa, while on a visit with his wife to their daughter. Mrs. Bancroft died at Anamosa, Iowa, at the residence of her daughter, July 13, 1881, in the seventy-eighth year of her age. Thomas Snodgrass died at Marysville on the 21st of April, 1880, aged sev- enty-three years. He was a native of the county, and had spent the greater part of his life in Marysville. He established the first Methodist Sunday school in the place, connected himself with the church in 1828, became a class leader, and led the singing until about 1859. He remained a prominent member of the church until his death, and was a citizen greatl}' respected and esteemed. He was a man of marked character, and will long be remembered by those who knew him. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 13 The following sketch of Cypvian Lee, a prominent pioneer of the town and county, was furnished by his brother, William Lee, of Mar^'sville: '• Several of the older States were represented bj- the pioneer settlers of Union County, and Connecticut had a representative in ('yprian Lee, who was born in Berlin, Hartford Co., Conn., April 10, 1792. He was the son of John and Mary (Hart) Lee, and spent the early years of his life on the farm homestead of his father, in Kensington, in the town of Berlin. After he had become of legal age, he spent several years with his uncle, John Hart, who had removed from Connect- icut to Petersburg, Va. On the failure of the health of his uncle, who then re- turned to Connecticut, his business was committed to him to settle up, and through this arrangement he became the owner of an undivided half of a tract of about 2,000 acres of land situated on Fulton Creek, in what is now Claibourne Town- ship, Union Co., Ohio. He first visited Ohio about the year 1820, remained for a time in Delaware, and there, about 1821, married Elizabeth Cooper, whose parents were from Vermont. In 1822, he concluded to settle upon his land in Union County, and with this view he obtained an order of partition of the tract referred to, and the boundaries of the half belonging to him were established. He then sold a small parcel to a man who engaged to locate upon it and assist him for a time in the preliminiaries of his own settlement. The first work to be accomplished was the opening of a wa}- for about four .miles througli a heavily timbered region, to get access with teams and w.agons to the spot where he was to locate his log cabin; then the rearing of his cabin and the beginning of the clearing of the land for cultivation. " Such an enterprise for a young man and a joung wife, who had not been inured to life under such conditions, demanded courageous and resolute spirits, with willing and strong hands, to endure the hardships and overcome the difficul- ties incident to such an undertaking, and of his wife it can be truly said that she united the courageous, heroic spirit with the gentle and amiable traits of a true woman. He was a man of large frame, of great muscular strength, very supple and active, and he had courage and resolution. Addressing himself to the diffi- culties of his situation with ambitious earnestness, his exertions resulted in sub- jecting him to rheumatic disease, which so interfered with his farming pursuits that after two or three years he found it expedient to seek a different location and a different occupation ; accordingly, in 1824 or 1825, he removed to Marysville, and for a time kept a hotel. At the time of his residence on Fulton Creek, and during the earlier years of his re-idence in Marysville, there were some men in the vicinity who, while they wei'e physically powerful, were of quarrelsome dispo- sitions and fighting habits ; and there were several instances in which men of this sort challenged the manhood of Mr. Lee in ways which he could not allow to pass without asserting his manhood in a contest, the result of wliich was that in each case the assailing parties met their master. These demonstrations of his power and prowess becoming known to the near residents, led them to regard him with more than common respect ; and, as he was of a very social nature, kind and gen- erous hearted, and in his disposition the opposite of a quarrelsome man, he had many and warm friends. Besides being of a genial, social nature, he had a cheer- ful, Joyous temperament, and entered heartily into the innocent sports of the time — engaged in the games of ball with the men or the boys, as also in the hunts for game, and made himself an agreeable companion with all who were disposed to conduct themselves with moral propriety ; and very naturall}', in such associa- tions, he often took the place of leader, or captain, as for a period of several years he was the chosen Captaui of the local militia. '' Such were some of the incidents of the early years of his life in Union County, and such were some of his natural characteristics. He did not remain long at hotel keeping, but leaving that, engaged in mercantile business. He en- tered into the latter in company with others, having a number of diflferent part- ners during the period in which he was engaged in trade, which continued up to 14 HISTORY OF UNION (BOUNTY. the time of bis death, which occurred September 24, 1854. He was elected Treas- urer of the count}', and held that otfice from 1845 to 1851 ; was elected Coroner in 1851, and served one year, and was once elected Mayor of Marysville, but de- clined to serve. He was not ambitious of official distinction, nor was he ever actuated by an eager desire to accumulate propert}-. His business yielded him a sufficient income for the comfortable support of his family, with something more with which to gratify the generous and benevolent impulses of his nature. He had no disreputable habits, and his character was not stained by any immoral practices. It remains now to speak of him in relation to his religious character, and in this respect it may be said that he was a man of religious faith and pre- cepts for some years before he made a public profession by connecting himself with a Christian Church; but, in 1841, he became a member of the Presbyterian Church of Marysville, was elected an Elder in 1843, and the same year became the clerk of the church session, and continued to hold these offices until his death, a period of twelve years. In 1841, he was elected Depositary of the County Bi- ble Society, and in 1842 was elected to tlie Presidency of this society, and was continued in this office for twelve years. These facts are significant of the esti- mation in which his religious character was held by those with whom he was asso- ciated in the church, and in the County Bible Society ; and they show that in some good degree he was true to his genealogical lineage. There coursed in his veins and pulsated in his heart the blood of Rev. Thomas Hooker, Deacon Ste- phen Hart and John Lee, all of whom were of that company of colonists that re- moved in 1636 ■■• from Cambridge, Mass., to Hartlord, Conn., and made the first settlement there. The John. Lee of that colony, then a youth, subsequently mar- ried Marj- Hart, daughter ofDeacon Stephen Hart. At a later period, Samuel Hart, a grandson of Stephen Hart, married Mary Hooker, a grand-daughter of Rev. Thomas Hooker. Still later, John Lee, of the fifth generation from John Lee, the colonist, married Mary Hart,"!! descendant of Deacon Stephen Hart and Rev. Tliomas Hooker ; and this John Lee and iMary Hart I^ee were the parents of Cyprian Lee. "" " Few men were more prominent in the early history of Connecticut in shap- ing the religious and civil institutions of the State than Rev. Thomas Hooker ; and both the Harts and the Lees, for successive generations, were of devout religious proclivities, and stanch supporters of the religious institutions of their State, as also earnest advocates of the liberty of conscience and the natural rights of men under governmental arrangements, both civil and ecclesiastical. Cyprian Lee owed it to his ancestors to belong to the Christian Church, and to stand for the distribution of the Bible as he did. His children were : IMary, born October 10, 1823; Lewis Hart, born January 8, 1826; Samuel Cooper, born August G. 1828. These are all living and have families, but none of them are now residents of Union County. The young wife, who shared heroically and affectionately with him the hardships and privations of pioneer life on Fulton Creek, died before the lapse of ten years from the time of their marriage. He subsequently married Mary Irwin, of this count}-, who survived him but a few years, but left no ciiil- dren." Tobias Beightler, from Fairfield County, Ohio, removed to Paris Township, Union County, in 1825, wlien twenty-one years of age. He was tiien possessed of limited means, but in the subsequent years accumulated enough to make him comfortable. According to his recollections as published in the Marysville Trib- une in 1880, there were only seven voters in Marysville upon his arrival in the town; those were Matthias Collins, Thomas Collins, Eli Lundy, George H. Houser, Hezekiah Bates — a blacksmith, who had a shop on the site now occupied by the People's Bank; Samuel Osborn, who had a small tannery where the c\ty hall now is, and Silas G. Strong. The walls of the old American House, according to the *ThiH (late should be Octob'^r, 1635, at which time a colony of sixty persons left Boston, and, after passing acrosi Central Massachusetts, settled at Hartford, Wiudsor and Wethersfield, in Connecticut. — P. A. D. PA'RIS TOWNSHIP. 15 memory of Mr. Weightier, were laid by Squire Glaclhill and a man named Sprague. George H. Houser was a brother-in-law ol' Mr. Beightler, and in the year tlie lat- ter arrived here killed seventy-seven deer, two bears and seven wolves, while Eli Lundy killed the same number of deer and two wolves. Charles L. Mullen was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1814. and in 1829 came with his father to Marysville, where he resided until his death, Febi'uar}- 4, 1882. It is said that he carried the fii'st brick and mortar used in the construc- tion of the old court house. He was twice married — first, in January, 1843, to Sarah Bancroft, who died seven 3'ears later, and second, to Elizabeth J. Marfield, who survived him; each bore him four children. Calvin Winget was born in 1801, and very soon afterward his father, Stephen Winget, Sr., removed from Marietta, Oliio, to what is now Darby Township. Union County, where he died in March, 1807. The family was originally either from Pennsylvania or Virginia. Calvin Winget married Cynthia Irwin, sister of Gren. William B. Irwin, who is mentioned elsewhere. He lived for a time at Milford, where his son, William M. Winget, now of MarN'sville, was born June 1, 1829; four months after that event, he removed with his family to Marysville, where for a number of years he was engaged in the cabinet-making business, as were also his brothers, Stephen and David. Calvin Winget. on Ms arrival in the town, or soon after, occupied a house— part frame and part logs — which stood on the site of the present brick dwelling immediately east of the Congregational Church. He sub- sequentl}^ owned a house on the west side of Main street, opposite the American Hotel. This, together with the dwellings of two men named Hicks and Thornton, and a new building erected b}' John Adamson for a store and dwelling and not yet occupied by him, were destroyed by an incendiary fire in 1831. Adamson had a stock of goods in his store, and thieves had entered and stolen quantities thereof, afterward setting fire to the building. Two white men and a colored man were arrested the following day for the offense, tried and sentenced to the peniten- tiary. The families who had been burned out took rooms in the upper part of the hotel which David Witter had built, although it was not_yet quite completed. The widow of Stephen Winget, Jr.. from whom this information was derived, does not recollect who was then keeping the hotel, which had, in its incomplete state, been thrown open to the public, but thinks a man named Rice became its landlord soon after. Calvin Winget died in 1840, of milk sickness. In the possession of his son. Squire William M. Winget, is the original seal of Union County. It is made of brass and has upon its face the State coat-of-arms, the words " Common Pleas of the County of Union," and the date 1820. The impression was made by plac- ing its face over the instrument to be sealed and striking the back side with a hammer, and it bears many a dent from the blows inflicted. Squire Winget is one of the prominent citizens of the town and county, and has been honored with nu- merous official positions — Justice of the Peace, County Clerk, etc. Stephen Winget, Jr., was born in Darby Township, Union Co., Ohio, in April, 1807, a month after the death of his father. Stephen Winget, Sr. In 1829, he mar- ried Matilda Marshall, daughter of Thomas Marshall, and in May, 1830, removed with his wife to Marysville and entered into the cabinet-making business. His health afterward failed and he moved upon a farm he had purchased on the Milford road, but finally returned to Marysville and resumed his former occupation. For eight 3'ears he was associated with Jesse Gill in a saw- mill at North Lewisburg, Champaign Count}'; both men are now deceased, Mr. Winget's death occurring at Marysville, December 19, 1879. Upon his arrival in this town in May, 1830, Mr. , Winget moved in with his brother Calvin and lived for a few months in the upper part of the house occupied b}' the latter. He afterward occupied for a time a small frame building owned by Silas G. Strong, which stood opposite the present site of the Presbyterian Church, on the south side of West Center street. Strong had kept store in said building, carrying probably a general country' stock. Stephen McLaiu was then a prominent citizen of the town, and occupied a central 16 . HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. location, somewhere near the spot on which the Union Block now stands. The surroundings of the village at that da}- were rather dreary and unpleasant; scrubby brush, wet land and heavy timber made up the landscape, and about where the Presbyterian Church now is, and for a considerable space around, a "cat-tail " and willow swamp presented its beauties to the eye of the beholder. There was scared}^ an indication that the village in a mud-hole would ever become the prosperous, thrifty and beautiful town which is the pride of its citizens to-day. in May, 1830, there were but two or three frame houses in the place. Levi Phelps lived in one, a man named Powell in anotiier, and Cornelius Sheltraau, a wheelwright, in another. Silas Gr. Strong was then keeping hotel on the ground lately occupied by Judge Woods, in a two-story log building, part of which was weather- boarded. Mrs. Stephen Winget was one of the ladies who attended the first Fourth of July celebration in Marysville, in 1828, and remembers it well ; six couples of young people were present from Darby Township. Mrs. Winget was born near Culpepper Court House, Fauquier Co., Va., and her father, Thomas Mar- shall, removed with his family to Logan County, Ohio, when the daughter was five years old. In 1814, he changed his place of residence to Darby Township, Union County, and died, in the neighborhood of 18-10, while living on Sugar llun. Thomas Marshall Winget, oldest son of Stephen and Matilda Winget, was born in Marysville in August, 1830, and died at his home in the same town, De- cember 27, 1877. He had been a respected citizen all his life. His occupation had been that of a carpenter and cabinet-maker. He married Tabitha A., daugh- ter of William M. Robinson, who, with three children, survives him. " Philander B. Cole,* now the senior member of the bar of Union County, was born in Columbus, Ohio, October 10, 1815. He was the only child of James Cole and Jerusha, his wife. His father, James Cole, removed to Delaware County, where he bought land, about one-half of which was in Delaware and the other half in Union Count}', the family residence being in the former. This land was cleared and made into a farm, Philander assisting to clear and cultivate the same until the death of his mothei', which took place in Maj', 1831. He was then in his sixteenth year. His father subsequently married again, at the happening of which event the young man carefully considered the situation and made up his mind to retire from the old home and seek his own fortune in the world. The first move he determined on for himself was to procure an education. To that end he immediately commenced attending school in the home district ; this was in the fall of 1831, and he continued at the same school, which was taught by three different teachers, until December, 1832, when the teacher, a Mr. William Porter, frankly admitted that the pupil was as good a scholar as the master, and recom- mended him to seek better means of education elsewhere, advising him to go to Mar^'sville and attend a school taught by his cousin, William C. Lawrence, which course he adopted ; and these are the circumstances which brought Philander B. Cole to Marysville. In the latter part of December, 1832, he called on 31r. Law- rence, at Marysville, and found him a very courteous and affable gentleman. He said he could receive him into the school if he could recite in classes already formed, and gave him a letter to Judge Silas G. Strong, recommending his admis- sion. Mr. Strong was one of the Directors, and very readily assented to the re- quest of Mr. Lawrence. The kind treatment that Mr. Cole received from both those gentlemen on that occasion still remains fresh in his mind as a most pleas- ant remembrance. So the arrangement was made and he came to Marysville and entered the school on the 7th of January, 1833. He was then past seventeen 3'ears of age. He had been very carefull}' taught the rudiments of education, was a good speller and reader, was quite well informed on the rules of pronunciation, and had some superficial knowledge of arithmetic, geography and English grammar. He had a passion for reading, and perused over and over again the few books that had then come in his way; and he remembered their contents, for * This sketch of Judge Cole is contrihuted. PARIS FOVVNSIIIP. 17 his memory was one of the most retentive. At the age of seventeen 3-ears, with these slender acquirements, he left home and entered in earnest upon the career of life. He entered the school of Mr. Lawrence, where he remained until the following spring, and the next summer pursued his studies in the office of liis preceptor, reciting to him privately. He entered the Baptist College, at Granville, Ohio (now Dennison University), at the beginning of the spring term in 1834, and remained until the end of the school-3'ear, when, on account of ill-health — but moi'e especially on account of lack of funds — he reluc- tantly abandoned the idea of obtaining a regular college education. He returned to Marysville and commenced the study of law with William C. Lawrence, and was admitted to the bar b}- the Court in Banc, at Columbus, Ohio, in December 1836. " He returned to Marysville feeling elated and happ}-, for, notwithstanding he had no money or other valuable possessions, and was in debt over $200, incurred in prosecuting his studies, j-et he was only twenty-one years old, and had succeeded in becoming a member of the bar under the most unfavorable conditions, and had secured the respect and confidence of the best men in the community where he resided. These were the fruits of his four years' labor, and he felt he had made substantial progress in his career. "In the fall of 1838, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the count}-, be- ing the Whig candidate. His competitor was John F. Kinney, since a Judo-e of the Supreme Court of Towa. He was re-elected in 1840, without opposition, and defeated in 1842 for the same office by Augustus Hall, on account of a division in the Whig party. Mr. Hall had sixteen votes majority. Mr. Cole was elected again in 1844, over C. W. B. Allison. In 1844, he and W. C. Lawrence started at Marysville the Argus newspaper; it supported Mr. Clay for the Presidency. They published it for one year. In 1846, Mr. Cole resumed the publication of the Argus, and continued to publish it until tlie fall of 1849, when he sold oQt to Cornelius S. Hamilton. It was a Whig paper. "In the fall of 1850, Mr. Cole was nominated and elected Representative in the Legislature fi'om the district composed of Union and Marion Counties. This was the last session under the old constitution. In 1851. he was re-elected for the county of Union, it being entitled to a Representative alone under the new constitution. In his second term, he received the vote of his party for Speaker, but it being in the minority, his competitor, James C Johnson, of Medina County, was elected. The principal legislation of the sessions of 1850-51 related to the interest of railroads; bills authorizing counties, townships and cities to take stock consuming much of the time. Mr. Cole supported these bills, which were the foundation of the present railroad system in tiae State, against strong party oppo- sition, and drew all the laws authorizing Union County to take stock in the roads passing through its territory. The first term under the new constitution was oc- cupied in changing the laws so as to conform to its provisions, which necessitated the amendment of almost every act in the statute books. Mr. Cole took an active and leading part in the work of the body, and participated in most of its discus- sions. After the close of the Legislature in the spring of 1853, he turned his at- tention to personal and professional business, and pushed both for several years with marked success. During the Presidential canvass of 18C0, he was an earnest advocate of Mr. Lincoln's election, and supported the Government when tlie re- bellion broke out, both with purse and as a public speaker and writer, and as Chairman of the County Military Committee to raise troops. In 1864, he was a Delegate to the National Republican Convention, and supported Mr. Lincoln for President and Daniel S. Dickenson for Vice President. The Ohio delegation agreed to vote as a unit for the man having a majority of the delegates, and as Mr. John- son had a majority of one he received the whole vote of the State. In June, 1864, Mr. Cole was a candidate for Congress, receiving the vote of Union County solid and considerable support from Marion and Morrow, but Mr. Hubbell, of Delaware, succeeded in getting the nomination. 18 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. "Mr. Cole was elected to the State Senate in 1865, Col. Ramsey, of Kenton, being his opponent. He was appointed Chairman of the Standing Committee on Privileges and Elections, and a member of the Standing Committees on Claims, Federal Relations and the Judiciary; and the Committee of Conference between the two Houses on the proposed amendment to the constitution allowing the right of suffrage to colored men. He was an active and prominent member of the Sen- ate durhig his term. After its close, he continued to practice his profession until 1871, when he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which position he held for the constitutional term of five years. During his incumbenc}' of this office, the subdistrict was composed of Union, Logan and Hardin Counties, and, the first two years, Shelb3^ '• During his long residence in the county, he has been the steadfast friend of every enterprise and movement which tended to promote the material and educational interests of the people, and his voice and pen have exercised a potent influence in placing the county in its present advanced condition. He was a member of and President of the School Board in 1860, when the first new school building was erected, and he has served as President of the Town Library Associa- tion since its organization. The free turnpike S3'stem of the county is much in- debted to him for its existence. He has held many important private trusts, all of which he has discharged with ability and fidelity. As an advocate and speaker, he appears to the best advantage in the argument of ec^uity cases to the court, the philosophical discussion of principles enlisting all the powers of his mind and arousing his energy and enthusiasm. He is still energetically engaged in prose- cuting his private and professional business, takes the same interest in public af- fairs as in earlier life, and bids fair to enjo}' many years to come of usefulness and activity. " Mr. Cole was married to Dolly B. Witter, daughter of David Witter, third Sheriff of Union County, on the 30th of July, 1839. They have six living chil- dren, all of whom were born in Marysville, and all now past the age of majorit}', as follows : '■ Ulysses D. Cole, residing in Rushville, Ind. He graduated at Ken3^on College, Grambia, Ohio, in June, 1862. He soon after enlisted as a private in the Eight3'-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until discharged bj- reason of expiration of term of service. He re-enlisted in the same regiment upon its re-organization, and was elected First Lieutenant. In 1864, he was com- missioned a Captain in the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Regiment, Company- B, which he recruited, and served until the close of the war. He studied law with his father, took a course at the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He practiced law in partnership with his father one 3'ear, and removed to Huntington, Ind., where he followed his profession and owned and edited the Huntington Herald for nine years. In 1876, he was elected Joint Representa- tive of Huntington and Wabash Counties to the Lower House of the Indiana Legislature. In 1880, he removed to Rushville, Ind. He was married in 1873 to Miss Ella Purvianco, who died in 1876, and again, in 1880, to Miss Siddie Mauz3% of Rushville. " James B. Cole, residing in Marysville, Ohio. He graduated at West Point Military Academy in 1866, and served as Second and First Lieutenant in the Fourth United States Cavalry for five 3'ears. He resigned in 1871 and returned to Mar3-sville, where he studied and has since practiced law. He was married in 1872 to Miss Mary McAlister, daughter of R. T. McAlister, of Union County. " Cornelia, married to Charles W. Fairbanks,* residing in Indianapolis, Ind. * The branch of tho Fiirbanks family residing in Union Connty, Ohio, is dasconded from one of five brothers who emigrated from Wales to America at an early period. The first of the family of whom there is anything de- finite known is L\ither Fairbanks, Sr., wliose home was Pittsfield, Vt. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, was captured in tho attack on Quebec, and suffered groat privations during hi-t imprisonment. His son Lnther was born Sejjtember 10. 1780, and married Lucy Lewis, of Barnard, Vt., early in ISOO. In 1835, they removed with their family to Ware Villape, Mass. In the fall of 1837, they made another move, this time to the Darby Plains, Union Co., Ohio, where Mr. Fairbanks engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1842, when the death of Mrs. Fairbanks caused .Ai.^j'5. -..KTvlfl*^'^-"'"" PARIS TOWNSHIP. 21 She graduated at the Ohio Wesleyaii Female Seminary in 1872, and was married to Charles W. Fairbanks in 1874. " Edward E. Cole, residing in Marysville, Ohio. He graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, in the class of 1874 ; studied law, and has since practiced in Marysville. " Jessie F. Cole, residing at Marysville, was educated at Western Female Seminary, Oxford. Ohio; andDoUie E. Cole, residing at Marysville, who was edu- cated at Monnett Hall, Delaware, Ohio, and the Cincinnati College of Music." James Turner, Judge of the Probate Court of Union County, died at Marys- ville while holding that otflce, December 26, 1859. He was a native of York County, Penn., and came with his father to Ohio about 1816, settling in Clark County. The Judge removed to Marysville in 1834, and continued a resident of the place until liis death. He was almost constantly in office during his residence in Marysville ; was Justice of the Peace many years. County Clerk several 3-ears, the first Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas after the adoption of the new State Constitution, and at the expiration of his term was chosen Probate Judge, which position he held until his death. He was a man greatly esteemed for his excel- lent qualities, and stood very high in the community in which he lived. Rev. James Ryan, whodied at Marysville, March 14, 1868, aged nearly sev- enty-seven years, thus wrote of himself in 1856 : " James Ryan was born July 27, A. D. 1791 ; joined the M. E. Church August 13, 1813 ; converted August 26, 1817, and received a greater blessing of love November 7, 1827. Received license to exhort in 1826 ; license to preach in September, 1832. Traveled Ran- dolph Circuit three-fourths of the conference year, and in 1833-34 traveled all the conference year. Moved to Ohio in 1836, and settled in Union County, and here I expect to live out my days. * * * " Mr. Ryan acted as a lay minister in the M. E. Church after coming to Union County ; was ordained Deacon by Bishop R. R. Roberts, at Urbana, August 29, 1849, and Elder at Columbus, by E. S. Jones, in September, 1847. " In connection with Rev. Ebenezer Matliers, he organized the first Methodist society on Dun's Run, now called Mt. Hermon. The first class was composed of thii'teen members. They met first in a private house, then the schoolhouse, and about twenty-nine years ago [1839] in the Mt. Hermon Church, which they built. Within six months, the old church has been evacuated and the society has resolved itself into two churches. The one at Dover is now [March, 1868] worshiping in a new house, and the other at Bonnet's is preparing to build. The thirteen have increased to 200, and many have gone to the Better Land.f " James M. Wilkinson died at his home in Ulysses, Butler County, Neb., March 25, 1882, aged nearly sevent3--five years. He was born June 21, 1807, at him to break up housekeeping and return, in 1843, to Massachusetts, where he remained twelve years, returning to Union County in 1855, where he remained until the time of his deatli, residing with his youngest son, Lorreston M. Fairbanks, at his residence near Uniouville Center, Union Co., Ohio. The death of Luther Fairbanks occurred Octo- ber 21, 1857. His family consisted of five sons and four daughters, the eldest of whom, Lnwis Fairbanks, wai the first of the name to settle in'Union County. He emigrated from Barnard, Vt., in 1833, married Lavinia Tucker, and set- tled on the Darby Plain's, where he pursued the trade ot clothier and also engaged in farming uutil 1843, then re- moved to Madison County, Ohio. He resided here until 1870, dying at the residence of his daughter, Lucy Evving. One child survives him, Joel Fairbanks, residing in Madison County, Ohio. Lorreston M. Fairbanks, the youngest son of Luther, was born at Barnard, Vt., in 1824, and in 1837 came with his father to Union County, where, saving two years' absence (1842-44), he has since resided, prominently connected with the Improvements in his county and interested ir. the politics ot his State. January 1, 1846, he married Mary Adelaide Smith, who was born in New York state in 1829. Mr. Fairbanks was engaged in carriage manufacturing at Homer, Ohio, for five years after his mar- riage, when ill health compelled him to abandon the business and engage in farming on his land near Unionville Center, Union Co., Ohio, where his home still is. He is at this time (December, 1882) absent in the West, where he is exten'iively engaged in farming, stock-raising and the grain business. The living family of L. M. Fairbanks consists of his wife and seven children, fivn sons and two daughters, all of whom are grown with the exception of the young- «st son. The eldest son, Charles W. Fairbanks, resides in Indianapolis. lud. He is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, and of the 1 iw school at Cleveland, Ohio. He Is prominently connected with the rail- road business, being General Attorney of the I. B. & W. system, attorney for the bondholders of the Danville astor of the Presbyterian Church and was also subsequently chosen superintendent of common schools in Rush County. His successor at Marysville was Rev. William G. March, whose labors began here in the early par*, of 1868. He continued as pastor thirteen years, and resigned in the spring of 1881. The next pastor is the present incumbent, Rev. Will- iam A. Ferguson, who came December 18, 1881, and was installed as pastor, May 1 1 , 1882. The following persons have served as Ruling Elders in this church since its organization: Stephen McLain. Eri Strong, ordained at organization ; Dr. Ira Wood, ordained May 16, 1830; JohnR. McLain, ordained, and James L. Ward, installed, August 1, 1835; William Richey, Jr., Silas Gr. Strong, ordained August 7, 1836; James H. Gill, installed March 1,1838; Cyprian Lee, ordained, William Cratty, installed, January, 1843; Thomas Brown, ordained, Alexander Stirratt, installed, April 5, 1850; Cyrus A. Phelps, James W. Robinson, Stephen Win- get, ordained November 17, 1855; Alvin Thompson, Leonidas Piper, ordained December 31, 1871. Messrs. Brown, Robinson, Thompson and Piper are the present Eldei's. The trustees are Robert Robinson, D. F. McKitrick and Sa- lem W. Pearse. The memberhip on the 14th of December, 1882, was 187, at PARIS TOWNSHIP. 41 which time the Sunday school had a memberhip of about 190. A. H. Beight- ler was then Superintendent oE the latter. W. L. Curry, present Superintend- ent. The school has a good library. During Mr. Ferguson's pastorate, about 11,800 have been expended on the church property in repairs and im- provements. The Congregational Church.— The following appears in tbe manual of the Congregational Church of Marysville, published in 1877: "This church was organized thirty -seven years ago as a New School Presbyterian Church, but with the iitmost harmony it became a Congregational Church twelve years ago, i. e., in 1864. During all its histoiy, it has been active and enterprising. Es- pecially have the women of this church been workers for the cause. A spirit of harmony has marked the life of the church. Efforts to save perishing sin- ners have been frequent. Protracted meetings have often been held with gra- cious ingatherings into the fold of Christ. From the very first the Wednes- day prayer meeting .has been sustained and well attended. All the pastors of this church have labored earnestly to promote the cause of pure and unde- filed religion in this community, and are remembered with respect and affec- tion. The following is a list of the pastors, in their order, and the length of their pastorates: Rev. W. H. Rodgers, three years; Rev. Henry Shields, three years; Rev. E. J. Moore, one year; Rev. Henry Bushnell, five years; Rev, J. Evarts Weed, two years; Rev. Walter Mitchell, twelve years; Rev. P. G. Buchanan, two years; Rev. M. K. Pasco, one year and a half; Rev. W. E. Lin- coln, two years and nine months. John Guthrie, John F. Eaton, William Lee, E. h! Beardsley, S. A. Cherry, A. Morey, J. H. Shearer, O. M. Scott, F. Wood, T. Liggett and J. W. Starr have worthily filled the office of Deacon." Rev. W. A. James succeeded Mr. Lincoln as pastor, and remained about three years. His successor is Rev. Homer Thrall, the present pastor, who came in December, 1879. The officers of the church in December, 1882, were : Deacons-- J. H. Shearer, Templeton Liggett, S. A. Cherry, William Lee; Clerk — William Lee; Treasurer — Templeton Liggett; Trustees —Samuel W. Dolbear, Dr. R. PTAnderson, J. H. Shearer, A. S. Chapman, O. M. Scott. The member- ship at the same time was about 135, while the Sunday school, of which John A. Brown was Superintendent, was over 100. A good library is possessed by the school. Materials for a church building were placed on the ground at the northeast corner of West and South streets, in July, 1871, and the build- ing was raised that year, the corner- stone being laid on the 31st of August. Rev. M. K. Pasco, the pastor, and Rev. W. G, March, pastor of the Presby- terian Church, conducted the exercises. The lecture room was dedicated on Sunday, August 4, 1872, and the building proper March 14, 1878, being at the time nearly completed. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. R. G. Hutchins, of Columbus, Ohio. The parsonage, located in the rear of the church, was completed in 1881. In 1882, an iron fence was built around the lot, and a new bell, weighing 1,000 pounds, was hung in the tower in Decem- ber of the same year. The parsonage cost something over $1,500, and was paid for from the proceeds of the "Buckeye Cook Book," which was compiled by a committee of the ladies of Marysville. The value of the entire property of the church is about $12,000, which is nearly the actual cost. African Methodist Episcopal Church. — This society was organized in 1879, with eleven members, by Rev. Nathaniel Mitchell, of Portsmouth, Ohio, who became pastor and so continued until October, 1882. He was sent from here to Lebanon, Ohio, and Rev. J. W. Jackson was transferred from that place to Marysville, being the present pastor of this church. Ground was purchased on North street, of Samuel Amrine, and the present brick house of worship owned by the society was erected upon it in 1879-80, being dedicated on the 42 ' HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1st of February in the latter year, by Bishop Wyman of Baltimore, Md. Sufficient funds were raised at the time to pay an indebtedness of over $300. The entire cost of the church property has been about $1,500. The member- ship, December 13, 1882, was about thirty. Services are held three times each Sunday, and the Sunday school also has a regular session. The latter is in a prosperous condition. Church of Our Lady of Lourdes {Roman Catholic). — In this parish are in- cluded about forty families, whose pastor is Eev. Father A. D. Dexter, the incumbent since January 1, 1882. The frame church of this congi-egation, lo- cated on Water street, near the railroad station, was built in the summer of 1866, and dedicated on the 20th of September in that year. It is 30x40 feet in dimensions. (A more extended sketch of this church was promised, but has failed to make its appearance.) German Lidheran Church.— The promised historical account of this church has not been forthcoming, and but little can be given concerning it. December 20, 1875, the " St. John Evangelical Lutheran Church of Marysville, Ohio," was incorporated; officers were elected and the organization completed. November 9, 1878; the "'Evangelical Lutheran German Trinity Church" was incorporated, with Oldest G. Zwerner, J. Asman, Jacob Hauser, Sebastian Im- loff, as Elders, and G. Scheiderer, C. Muhlenbruch and Philip Ruprecht, Trustees. These societies have been consolidated, and have erected a fine new brick church, of which the corner-stone was laid August 13, 1882. The so- ciety previously worshiped in a small brick church on South Main street. SCHOOLS. In 1876, an article upon the schools of Marysville was prepared by F. Wood, Superintendent, and the preparation is here given as written and pub- lished in a volume entitled " Historical Sketches, Oliio, Public Schools," in the same year: " The history of education in Marysville, for the first thirty years after its settlement, is not a matter of record. There are people living in this com- munity, however, who have been residents from a date as early as the settle- ment of the place. " The first cabin within the present boundaries of Marysville was built in 1818, by Jonathan Summers, a Quaker. The town was laid out in 1819, by Samuel Culbertson, and made the county seat in 1822. It cannot be ascer- tained that any public arrangement was made for schools till about 1825. The early settlers, however, appreciating the necessity of education, united in sastaining private schools almost from the settlement of the place. Mr. Silas G. Strong had an active part in the location of the county seat at Marysville, and was an efficient public officer for a series of years. In 1822 or 1823, Mi-s. Strong, his wife, taught a school in her own home, of some ten or twelve scholars, and was compensated by the parents of her pupils, though it cannot be ascertained that there was a fixed rate of tuition. Mr. Christopher Stiner, now living near Marysville, was one of her pupils. Mrs. Strong's was the first school in the place. She taught only the elementaiy branches, using a variety of books, such as were in possession of the families from which her scholars came. It is supposed that az this time there were some twelve or fif- teen families within two miles of Marysville. The fh'st com-t house was built in 1822, and in it most of the schools were held until 1831. Occasionally pri- vate schools were taught in dwelling houses happening to be unoccupied at the time. Mrs. Strong, it is confidently affirmed, taught one or more terms in the coiu:t house after it was built. It is thought that Mr. Peyton B. Smith was the first male teacher, aud that he taught in 1825. Mr. Clement Twiford PARIS TOWNSHIP. 43 taught his first school in Maiysville in 1826, and continued to teach, at difier- ent times, for five or six years. Mi*. George Snodgrass, n.DW living in Marys- ville, taught a school in 1828 in a log cabin in the east part of town. In the vsrinter of 1830-31, Mr. Taber Randall, now a resident of the town, and for several terms Clerk of the Court, taught in the court house, receiving $14 per month, and paying 87^^ cents per week for full board at the hotel. Thft same building (the American) is still used for a public house, and the present Su- perintendent of the school paid $5.50 per week for board there in 1808. In the winter of 1831-32, Mr. Robert Andrew taught, commencing the school in the court house in Septembei\ and in October going into the new frame school house in the southeast part of the village, then just completed, being the first building erected in the place lor school purposes. Hon. William C. Lawrence, lor a number of years, until his death in 1840, a prominent law- yer in the county, assisted by his brother John, taught during the winter of 1832-33, having, it is thought, some seventy-five scholars, and receiving in compensation $100 for a term of three months. " In the winter of 1834-35, the number of scholars had so increased that it was decided to employ two teachers. Mr B. F. Kelsey taught in the schoolhouse, and Miss Marietta Kimball in a log cabin in the west part of town. After this time, it was usual to employ two teachers one of the t^^rms in the year. Among the teachers wera Rev. James H. Gill, Heman Ferris, John F. Kinney (now Judge Kinney, of Nebraska), Miss Eliza Ewing, Miss Martha Jane Thompson (now Mrs. Judge Woods, late of Marysville, but at present living at Minneapolis, Minn.), Miss Clarinda Westbrook, before 1840. Miss Mary Irwin and Miss Susan Pollock also taught at an early day. In the winter of 1838-39, there were three public schools — Mr. Kelsey in the school - house, Miss Thompson in the basement of the Presbyterian Church, Miss Westbrook in the basement of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the win- ter of 1839-40, Mr. Charles Sanders taught in the basement of the Presbyte- rian Church, his school numbering nearly 100 scholars. He introduced the spelling book already published by himself, and afterward published a series of readers which had a wide circulation. In the winter of 1842-43, three men were employed to teach the schools, now embracing 20i) or more pupils — Messrs. B. F. Kelsey, Levi Lyons and James Henderson. From 1840, and perhaps sooner, there began to be felt a need of better facilities for obtaining an education than the common schools afi"orded. In the summer of 1843, Miss Caroline S. Humphrey opened the first high school taught in Marysville. In two or three instances a class in some of the higher branches had been formed in the public schools, but Miss Humphrey's was the first in which the principal object was to teach those branches. Rev. James Smith, pastor of the Presbyterian Church, instnicted individuals, in his own study, in the lan- guages and other branches, preparatory for college. In 1844, receiving some assistance from individuals, Mr. Smith erected a building for academic pur- poses. A school of a higher grade than had ever been taught in the county was opened in it, in the autumn of 1844, in charge of Mr. James A. Stirratt. Hon. James W. Robinson, of this place, and Rev. Mr. Perkins, who recently died at Delaware, went through the preparatory studies, and a year and a half of college stvidies, under Mr. Smith's instruction and that of Mr. Stirratt, in the academy, and entered Jefferson College, at Cannonsburg, Penn., in the spring of 1846. "A good school, having the confidence and support of the community, was sustained in the academy most of the time from 1844 till the autumn of 1802. Mr. Smith taught himself much of the time, and all the time held the control of the school. James A. Stirratt taught the first school in the building. 44 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Abraham W. Wood, assisted by Miss Herbert, the last. The following per- sons, besides Mr. Smith and those iust named, tauorht in the building though the order in which they came cannot be given, nor is it certain that the list is complete: William H. Horner, James W. Robinson, Chester H. Perkins, M. Thompson, J. Slocum, Miss Buss, Miss Ward, Miss Jennie Coe and Miss Mary Coe. No individual has been ideutilied with the interests of education in this community longer than Mr. Smith, or done more to elevate its standard. At the adoption of the present school law, in 1849, he was put upon the board of examiners, and retained there until nearly the time of his death. " The number of scholars in town had so increased that, to answer an im- perative necessity, in 18-47, two brick schoolhoiises were erected in opposite parts of the town, each of two rooms. For fifteen years these, with the acad- emy, afforded the school accommodations for the youth of Marysville. Two or three or four teachers in the public schools were employed, as financial and other controlling circumstances seemed to decide. Up to 1849, thirty years fi'om the settlement of the town, there seems to have been about the general average facilities, appreciation and improvement of educational advantages. The *■ law for the better regulation of public schools in cities, towns, etc. ,' passed by the Ohio Legislature in February, 1849, became a new and active stimu- lus in the minds of the community. They proceeded promptly to organize and work under the new system. The complete organization, which seems, from the records, to have been very harmonious, was as follows: Directors — Otway Curry, President; P. B. Cole, Secretary; Jacob Bouser, Treasurer; W. W. Woods, J. W. Cherry and Hemy Shedd. Examiners — James Smith, Charles W. B. Allison,* and Cornelius S. Hamilton. Under date of December 14, 1849, is the following entry: Whereupon, the Ijoard agree to employ the following teachers for twelve weeks each, five clays to the week, coinmencing Deceml)er 17, 1849, on the following terms, to wit : Cornelius S. Hamilton, per term $66 UO Jackson C. Doughty, per term 06 00 Miss Laura Johnson, per term 36 00 Mrs. William E. Lee, per term 36 00 Which terms and conditions we respectively agree to ; and we further agree to discharge our duties as such teachers respectively, according to the best of our ability. C. S. Hamilton, J. C. Doughty, A. M. Lee, Almira L. Johnson. December 17, 1849. On motion. Mr. Curry was appointed a committee to ascertain and report, to the next meeting of the board, a series of books to be used in this district. On motion. Resolved, That Messrs. Dough t}^ and Hamilton furnish their school rooms with blackboards, and charge the same to the board ; and that Mr. Bouser furnish a blackboard for Miss Johnson's room, at the cost of the district. January 14, 1850. Board met, pursuant to a call of the President. Present, all the members. On motion, the following books were adopted for the use of the common schools in the town of Marysville, to wit : Wickham's Lessons, twenty-four large cards ; Sanders' Primer ; Holbrook's Primary Drawing Book ; McGuffey's Readers ; Thompson's Fii'st Lessons in Arithmetic ; Primary School Song Book ; Webster's Elementarj' Spelling Book ; Mitchell's Primary Geography ; Colburn's Mental Arithmetic ; Ray's Arithmetic, Part III ; Mitchell's Intermediate Geog- raphy ; Wells' Elementary Grammar ; Winchester's Series of Writing Books ; Mason's Juvenile Task. Resolved, That the board hold stated meetings every two weeks, begin- ning January 25. Adjourned until January 25, 1850. P. B. Cole, Secretary. ' ' The Board of Education made their first annual report to a meeting of the voters of School District No. 1, Paris Township, Union County, held at the court house November 30, 1850. An abstract of the report is as follows : ♦This name is given Allen in Prof. Wood's article. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 45 Schools taught thirty-six weeks, or three quarters. First quarter, four schools, two male and two femalej teachers, average daily attendance . • . 146 Second quarter, three schools, three female teachers, average daily attendance 105 Third quarter, three schools, three female teachers, average daily attendance 70 Scholars in the district 370 Resources for school purposes the last year : Collected on duplicate for schoolhouse purposes $ 99 05 Collected on duplicate for tuition 113 28 State School Fund received 98 89 Tax levied by County Commissioners 107 84 Tax levied by the Board 269 00 Total .....$683 06 "A legally called public meeting of the citizens of District No. 1, Paris Township, was held March 4, 1851, to consider the adoption of the Union School system; but it was not carried. The second annual report of the board, in December, 1851, gives the number of scholars, 310; money received for school purposes, 1430.40. In November, 1852, the scholars were graded by examination, according to advancement, and a set of rules for the government of the schools, drafted by Messrs. Hamilton and Curry, were unaminously adopted by the board. They were ten in number, and to the purpose. In 1852-53, several public meetings, harmonious, so far as the records show, wore held to consider the matter of a new schoolhouse; and a resolution was carried to purchase certain designated lots and raise the money to pay for them, but for some reason, not recorded, it was not done. It appears that the schools went on with no great variation until 1860. Some of the years, the more ad- vanced scholars, by examinations, were put in charge of one teacher, and des- ignated 'the high school.' In 1858, the subject of a new schoolhouse and the Union School system was again agitated, and, after due consideration, carried. Under date of December 24, 1858, is the following: " ^Resolved, by the legal voters of School District No. 1, Paris Township, Union County, Ohio, in general meeting assembled. That it is expedient and necessary to erect a new schoolhouse for said district; and that $10,000 raised for that purpose, $2,000 in the year 1859, and $2,000 in each of the four suc- ceeding years.' "A site, about two and one-half acres, was purchased of Adam Wolford, and, after the usual preliminaries, on the 10th of January, 1861, of twelve proposals to build the house, that of H. Rice and J. Fleck, of Marys- ville, was accepted, for $7,754, and $340 for extra stone work. After visiting houses reputed to be the best, inspecting and carefully considering the various plans, at the suggestion of the State School Commissioner, the Board adopted what has proved to be a good one. The house is a substantial brick edifice, 60x80 feet, two stories, with a well-proportioned steeple, in which is a fine-toned bell of about 500 pounds weight. Besides halls, closets, etc. , there are four school rooms on the lower floor and three on the upper, all aftbrding comfortable ac- commodations for about 300 scholars. After considerable delay, the house was completed, and opened in October, 1862, just thirty-one years after the first schoolhouse in Marysville was built and occupied. Mr. A. W. Wood, who had been teaching iu the academy about a year and a half, was put in charge as Superintendent at $50 per month and the tuition which he received from scholars attending the school who were not residents of the district. The academy was given up at this time, so there was no school iu the county except the public schools. " The Board of Education, at the organization of the Union School were ; P. B. Cole, C. S. Hamilton, J. Cassil, D. D. Welsh. W. H. Robb, and J. H. 46 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Ryan. The Board of Teachers: A. W. Wood, Superintendent and Principal of Highest Department; Miss Mollie Johnson, First Assistant Highest De- partment; Miss Mattie A. Robinson, Second Assistant Highest Department; Miss Jennie Coe, teacher in Intermediate Department; Miss Louise M. South- wick, teacher in Second Primary Department; Miss Sarah Jane Barbour, teacher in First Primary Department. The female teachers each received $'20 per month. The enumeration of scholars in October, 18G2, was 343. The school opened with about 200, who were divided into four departments. An excellent, set of rules and regulations for the government of the schools was adopted by the Board, who fully sustained the teachers in their execution. An important rule was the closing of the door against tardiness. It did much in establishing the habit of punctiiality, and was favorably received by nearly all the patrons of the school. In March, 1863, five months after the organiza- tion of the Union School, A.W. Wood left, and Franklin Wood, of Massachu- setts, took his position for the same compensation. The following are the names of Superintendents, terms of service and compensation: A.W. Wood, from October, 1862, to March, 1863, $50 per month and tuition of non-resident pupils; F. Wood, from March, 1863, to June, 1865, compensation as above, with $20 per month added last year; Rev. A. E. Thomson, from September, 1866, to December, 1866, with the same compensation; L. Piper, from January, 1867, to June, 1867, with same compensation; Franklin Wood, from June 1867, to the present time [1876)] with an annual salary of $1,200. Miss Sarah Jane Barbour had charge of the First Primary Department from the oi'ganiza- tion of the school in October, 1862, till June, 1873, eleven years. Miss Mary E. Pierce held the position of First Assistant, for the last three years Prin- ci})al in the highest department, embracing the High School and advanced Grammar grade, from September, 1870, till June, 1875. In 1866, the wages of female teachers was raised to $30 per month, and has since been raised to $40. The Principal of the highest department, however, receives 1 1876] an annual salary of $500." When Mr. Wood wrote his article, he was g'ving one-half his time to super intendency and the other half to teaching, and the other teachers in the schools at that time -(Januarj', 1876), with the enrollment in the various gi'ades, were as follows: Miss Nellie S. McDonald, Principal Highest Depart- ment, 80; Mrs. Mattie A. Robinson, Assistant Highest Department; Miss Alice S. Pierce, teacher first Grammar Department, 38; Miss Dora E. King, teacher Second Intermediate Department, 40; Miss Laura Scott, teacher First Interme- diate Department, 57; Miss Abbie E. Neal, teacher Third Primary Depart- ment, 65; Miss E. Amelia Burgner, teacher Second Primary Department, 47; Miss KateT. Lee, teacher Second Division, FirstPrimary Department, 33; Miss Lucy J. Jones, teacher First Division, First Primary Department, 60; total enrollment, 420. Mr. Wood writes, continuing the article already quoted: " The aim, both in government and instruction, has ccmstantly been to adopt that which should give a thorough and practical jireparation for the future, to teach how to use the mind and other faculties, rather than bare facts. There has been a willingness to adopt improved and tested methods of teaching, whether the result of our work or that of others. We have found that fre- quent reviews and examinations, both oral and written, ai-e of great advan- tage. One gi'eat difficulty with us is, our pupils leave school, especially the boys, before they have had time or siifficient matui-ity to complete a proper course of education. But it is easier to point out and lament than to correct. When oiu' present house was built, in 1862, considerable complaint was made that so lai'ge a plan was adopted, larger by one third than the present need demanded. But the wisdom of the arrangement was soon accepted, for in 1868 PARIS TOWNSHIP. 47 the number of pupils in attendance was fully equal to the capacity of the house, and in that year, by vote of the district, they commenced to raise a fund to put an addition to the present house, or erect a new one in another part of the vil- lage. Said fund has accumulated to about $8,000 (in 1876). Although 100 scholars are accommodated in rented rooms, and the schoolhouse still crowded, the new schoolhouse is not yet erected. "Mention should be made of Hon. Cornelius S. Hamilton,* whose tragic death occurred in December, 1867. He came to this county at the age of six- teen years, with his father and family, in 1838, and spent liis time till he was twenty-five upon his father's farm, assisting in the transformation of those broad and fertile acres from the dense and heavy forest to the beautiful field and meadow. He had already decided upon intellectual pursuits, and ac- quainted himself with some of the pi'inciples of law through Blackstone's works. He came to Marysville in 1848, and pursued the study of law in the office of Hon. William C. Lawrence. He also edited and published for sev- eral years a weekly paper, the Marysville Tribune. He was a man of good judgment and remarkable will power, accomplishing his own euds when con- scious he was in the right, sometimes even against the majority, though not by unjust means. He was a man of high principles, of honor and integrity, and soon gained the confidence of his fellow-citizens. He was a member of the convention which fi'amed the (Jonstitution of Ohio, now in force. He was also sent to the State Legislature, and to the House of Representatives at Washington, of which he was a member at the time of his death. The school privileges of his youth were limited; but in early manhood, accepting the fact that education is one of the corner-stones of our Republic, and a powerful in- fluence in the elevation of man, he became interested in the advancement and improvement of the public schpol. He taught the opening school under the new law of 1849, and was one of the first Board of Examiners under that law. The next year he was elected a member of the Board of Education, and was retained in that office till his death, some eighteen years. To him is given the credit mainly of placing Marysville in the van, with places of equal size, in regard to educational matters. He had a largely controlling influence in securing the adoption of the Union School system in 1860. According to the records, it was left principally to him to caiTy into efiect the various measures to complete that arrangement. He lived to see something of the advantages resulting. He had more to do than any other individual in carrying out the purpose he, with others, had formed, of establishing a school which should offer to all good and equal facilties for obtaining a thorough preparation for the various departments uf business life or admission to the halls of our higher institutions of learning. Success in business, and the college records at Oxford, Delaware, Wooster and Yale, show that their anticipations are already realized. Through his taste and decision chiefly we have a good house, beautifully and favorably located, surrounded with ample grounds, adorned with evergreens and other trees, all of which will bear a favorable comparison with any school premises in our State. " A very fine new school building has been erected in the eastern part of town. The contract for building it was let to Woodward & Son, of Mount Gilead, Ohio, June 22, 1876, for $23,518. The structure was completed and school first began in it late in the fall of 1877. It is of tasteful design and finish, and contains ten rooms for school purposes, to be used during school sessions, and for recitations, etc. , besides other rooms for various uses. One room in the upper story is neatly fitted up for a hall for exhibitions, having a wide stage and seating room for several hundred people. The principal ob- jection to the building is its height. * See notice in Chapter XIV. 48 HISTORY OF UNION 00 INT V. Franklin "Wood. Siiperiuteudent of the Marvsville Schools, left in 1S77, and is now located at Binv:;liamton. N. Y. His successor is the present Super- intendent. Prof. W. H. Cole, from Hii^blaud County, Ohio. He came here fi'om the Missoiu-i State rniversity, and had previously taught at Nashville, Tenn.. Wilmington, Ohio, and Delaware. Ohio. He is a very successful teacher. His assistants in the schools of Marysville for the school year of 1SS'2-S3 were the following: L. B. Demorest, Principal High School: Miss Alfarata Clute. Principal Grammar School: Miss ^linnie ^Valker. First De- partment Grammar School: Miss Amima Mm-phy, Fifth Grade; Miss Delia E. Miller, Fourth Grade, "A" Division: Miss Amelia Burgner, Fourth Grade, "B" Division; Miss Lillian Eobb. Third Grade, ''A" Division: Miss Nellie Robinson, Second Grade, ''A" Division; Miss Emily Shinu, Second Grade, "B" Division: Miss Jennie E. Smith. "A" Primary; Miss Mattie Robinson, "B" Primary: Thomas J. Davies, Teacher of Music. The janitors are Victor Payne, for the east building, and Maggie Payne, for the west building. VILLAGE INCOrPOKATIOX. ETC. From the absence of records, or any positive evidence on the subject, it cannot be determined at what exact date Marysville was incorporated; but it was probably in iSiO, as an old memorandum at the court house shows that Otway Curry was elected Mayor in tluit year, being, it is thought, the tirst to hold the otHee in the place. The corporation limits have been several times extended, by action of the Commissionei"s of the county. The record above mentioned, which is in the ottice of the County Clerk, shows that Otway Curry was elected Mavor, Mav 4. 1S40: James E. ^^'ilson. Api'il 17. 1S43: John Cas- sil. May 6, 1S44; P. B.'Cole. March 31. 1S45: and Otway Curry, March 80, 1S46. The earliest record found in the office of 'the Corporation Clerk is dated September 7, 1S46, and it presents the following facts: " The Council of the town of Marysville met in the Mayor's office. Id the absence of William W. Steele. Recorder, on motion, W. H. Frank was ap. pointed Secretary /iro ^c;». Membei-s present: O. Curry, B. Welsh. Thomas Turner, James W. Evans, Jacob Bouser and William H. Frank. On motion, C. W. B. Allison was elected Recorder to till the vacancy occasioned by the re- moving away of W. W. Steele. On motion, meeting adjourned until Monday evening, October 5. 1840. Seoketaky pro /o»(." The meeting was held as appointed. R. L.Broome was allowed 85.25 for seven days" service as Street Superintendent: P. B. Cole $10.75 for print- ing. Otway CmTv appi.>iuted a committee of one to report an ordinance upon the subject of curbing the sidewalks m Marysville. The Street Sitperintendent was ordered to purchase plank and repair the bridge by S. P. G. Brown's dwell- ing house, by making a double track. October 10. 1^40. Otway Cm*ry, Thomas Turner and Bill Welsh were appointed a committee of three to select one or more suitable sites for a bmying-ground. and ascertain on what terms the same could be purchased. They made a report on the lUh of November, but what it was the record fails to state. A meeting of the citizens was called to take some action on the subject of purchasing a ne\v biu'ial ground and removing the old one from the corporation. December 7, 1840. R. L. Broome and Samuel Ressler were appointed Fire Wardens for one year. February 1. 1847, Mr. Evans, of the Council, was appointed a committee of one to consult with the old officers of the hook and ladder company respect- ing the ladders furnished by the citizens in 1845. for protection against tire. Those ladders were six in number, and Mr. Evans was the next day instructed, upon making his report, to superintend the ironing of said laddei*s and to pro- cm"e one or moi'e fire hooks and cables. April 2*4, 1847, the contract for build- tM^^^^ Jvf Ti ga^/^-^JUm-^ PARIS TOWNSHIP. 51 ing a new bridge on East Center street was awarded to James W. Evans, for 168.50; the bridge was to be completed by the 1st of the following July. It was finished July 17. At the corporation election, March 29, 1847, the fol- lowing officers were chosen: William M. Robinson, Mayor; William H. Skin- ner, Recorder; Richard Bancroft, Charles Rosette, Samuel Ressler, John Johnson, William E. Lee, Trustees. The new Council met April 5, and elected Bill W^elsh Superintendent of Streets; William E. Lee, Treasm'er; William T. Brophy, Marshal; John W. Lansdown, Assistant Marshal; William H. Frank and Thomas Turner, Fire Wardens. Since then the elections have re- sulted in the choice of officers as follows: March 27, 1S48— George D. Witter, Mayor; James Kinkade, Recorder; John Cassil, Richard Bancroft, R. Lee, Thomas Turner, F. Wingfield, Trust- ees. At this election the question of purchasing a tire engine Avas submitted to the electors, and the project was defeated by a vote of forty to eighteen. A bridge over the run at the south end of Main street was built in the fall of 1848. March 26, 1849— William H, Frank, Mayor; Philip Snider, Recorder; A. R. Hunter, William W. Woods, Williamx T. Brophy, Thomas Peacock, James Welsh, Trustees. April 27, 1849, the job of graveling the "diamond," or pub- lic square, was let to Henry Wolford for 168.68, the gravel to be put on eight inches deep, and the work done by the 15th of the following June. Consider- able graveling was done on the streets in that year, at a cost ranging from 75 cents to $1.05 per rod. March 25, 1850 — W. H. Frank, Mayor: Thomas Brown, Recorder; Thomas Turner, Thomas Peacock, W^ W. Woods, Charles Rathbun, A. R. Hunter, Trustees. March 31, 1851— William H. Frank, Mayor; George W. Cherry, Recorder; Joseph Saxton, Felix G. Wingfield, Thomas Turner, Thomas Brown, Stephen Winget, Trustees. March 29, 1852— William H. Frank, Mayor; George W .Cherry, Re- corder; Thomas Turner, Joseph Saxton, Felix G. Wingfield, G. A. Cassil, James M. Welsh, Trustees. Cherry resigned as Recorder, and M. H. Wad- hams was appointed July 2, 1852. 1853. — Cyprian Lee, Mayor; Andrew M. Pollock, Recorder; Thomas Tur- ner, James M. Welsh, Joseph Saxton, Felix G. Wingfield, G. A. Cassil, Trust- ees. Mr. Lee refused to serve as Mayor, and William M. Robinson was chosen to the position at a special election held April 19, 1853. 1854 — W. M. Robinson, Mayor, Augustus Turner, Recorder; Thomas Tur- ner, G. A. Cassil, Felix G. Wingfield, J. M. Welsh, Joseph Saxton, Trustees. 1855 — John L. Porter, Mayor; Cyrus A. Phelps, Recorder; John Cassil, C. Rathbun, R. Lee, R. L. Partridge, D. Plumb, Trustees. Cassil resigned, and S. C. Lee was appointed to fill vacancy, October 8, 1855. 1856— Samuel McBatney, Mayor; R. C. Clark, Recorder; Seth McMahill, Rowland Lee, R. L. Patrick, Tabor Randall, William Drake, Trustees. 1857— M. C. Lawrence, Mayor; William H. Robb, Recorder; John Fleck, John F. Sabine, James W. Robinson, David D. Welsh, R. Welsh, Trustees. 1858 — John Barber, Mayor; John Rathbun, Recorder; J. F. Sabine, Sam- uel Sherwood, D. D. Welsh, William Drake, J. H. Ryan, Trustees. ► 1859 — J. D. Smith, Mayor; J. N. Rathbun, Recorder; William Drake, D. D. Welsh, John Barl:>er, Joseph Newlove, W. W. Woods, Trustees. 1860 — E. G. Bartram, Mayor; Alvin Thompson, Recorder; E. J. Nugent, Joseph G. Hawkins. John Weidman, William Drake, John B. Coats. Trustees, 1861 — R. C. Clark, Mayor; Augustus Turner, Recorder; J. Garrard, J. Newlove, H. Sabine, D. W. Henderson, Robert Snodgras.s, Trustees. 1862 — Thomas Brown, Mayor; James Kinkade, Recorder; G. L. Sellers, 52 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Rawson Welsh, William Cartmell, M. C. Lawrence, J. Newlove, Trustees. Lawrence resigned September 5, 1862. and A. J. Whitney was appointed to fill vacancy. April G, 1863 — Thomas Brown, Mayor; R. L. Partridge, Recorder; Joseph Newlove, J. A. Henderson, Rawson Welsh, O. W. R. Ingman, Robert Snod- grass, Trustees. April 4, 1864 — A. F. Wilkins, Mayor; A. J. Whitney, Recorder; Joseph Newlove, J. A. Henderson, Robert Snodgi'ass, Joseph Saxton, O. W. R. Ing- man, Trustees. April 3, 1865— A. F. Wilkins, Mayor; A. J. Whitney, Recorder; John Guthrie, James W. Robinson, Joseph Newlove, W. L. Miller, J. H. Ryan, Trustees. April 2, 1866— A. F. Wilkins, Mayor; J. A. Henderson, Recorder; J. Newlove, J. W. Robinson, B. W. Keys, John L. Porter, T. J. Buxton, Trust- ees. April 1, 1867 — John Cassil, Mayor; J. F. Snider, Recorder; John C. Nicol, R. R. Henderson, James W. Robinson, William H. Robb, G. L. Sel- lers, Trustees. April 6, 1868— A. F. Wilkins, Mayor; O. M. Scott, Recorder; W. H. Robb, J. W. Robinson, W. S. Johnson, James H. Roney, J, C. Nicol, Trust- ees. April 6, 1869— A. D. Doolittle, Mayor; O. M. Scott, Recorder; J. L. Por- ter, W. H. Robb, W. S. Johnson, J. H. Roney, J. C. Nicol, Trustees. April 4, 1870 — A. F. Wilkins, Mayor for two years; Tabor Randall, Clerk (two years), H. Speakman, D. Buxton, O. B. Williams, Councilmen for one year; Joseph Newlove, J. A. Henderson, D.Edwards, Councilmen for two years. J. B. Coats was elected to the Council in May, in place of Joseph Newlove. April, 1871 — L N. Hamilton, M. C. Lawrence, A. C. Pearson, Council- men for two years. April, 1872 — J. M. Kennedy, Mayor; two years; Tabor Randall, Clerk and Recorder, two years; A. D. Doolittle, Levi Longbrake. J. B. Whelpley, Councilmen for two years. April, ]873 — O. B. Williams, H. S. Wood, J. Richard Ousler, Councilmen for two years. April 10, 1874 — Wesley Garrard, Mayor; Tabor Randall, Clerk and Re- corder; Darius Buxton, David Edwards, Philip Snider, Councilmen — all for two years; John L. Porter, Councilman for one year. April, 1875— S. N. McCloud, L. C. Conrad, O. C. Chase, Councilmen, two years. April, 1876 — Wesley Garrard, Mayor; John H. Kinkade, CJerk; J. B. Whelpley, J. J. Morelock, H. S. Wood, Couucilmen — all for two years. Whelpley resigned March 20, 1877. April 2, 18/7 — Aaron B. Robinson, F.G.England, I. N. Hamilton, Coun- cilmen, two years; R. Ousler, D. Webb, C. M. Ingman, Councilmen, one year. England resigned, and on the 11th of September, 1877, George S. Baldwin was appointed to fill vacancy. April 1, 1878— John D. Radebaugh, Mayor; J. M. Brodrick, Clerk; J. J. Morelock, C. M Kenton, W. H. Robb, Coiincilmen, two years. April 7, 1879— A. B. Robinson, S. N. McCloud, W. P. Anderson, Council- men, two years. April, 1880 — Wesley Garrai-d, Mayor; John M. Brodrick, Clerk; Jesse L. Cameron, John Wiley, Delmore Snodgrass, Councilmen, two years. April 4, 1881 — Robert M. Henderson, Henry W. Morey, Emanuel Fox, Councilmen, two years. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 53 April, 1882 — J. H. Kinkade, Mayor; George W. Heistand, Clerk; William Carfcmell, Jr., Israel Slack, E. L. Price, Councilmen, two years. For the fiscal year ending March 30, 1852, the receipts of the corporation were $225.76; the expenditures for the same time were 1107.47, leaving a bal- ance in the treasury of $118.29. It did not cost much to run a village govern ment and pay for improvements in those days. FIRES AND FIRE DEPARTMENT. Ladders were purchased by the village in 1845, for use in case of fires, and this was the first record of any provision made looking to the safety of property from damage by fire. A hook and ladder company was formed, but was probably in existance but a short time.* July 22, 1859, the most serious fire occurred which the place had yet suffered, burning the fine Cassil Block and several other buildings, and causing a losa of about $15,000. A pottery, half a mile south of town, owned by E. Weller, was burned August 30, 1861. In fluly, 1865, a hand fire engine was purchased for Marysville, at Dayton, Ohio, costing $1,200 It was manufactured in New Jersey; the first engineer was a Mr. Hubbell. June 7. 1865, the County Commissionors had granted a petition from the citizens of Marsyville praying that they be allowed to erect an engine house on the southeast corner of the jail lot; and the Commissioners also donated $50 out of the county treasury to help pay for the engine pur- chased. The engine house was not built until the summer of 1866, when a brick structure, two stories high, was erected. On the night of June 12, 1866, theMarysvilleflouring-mill, with a saw-mill attached, fell a prey to the flames, the loss reaching about $10,000. A fire on the 22d of March, 1867, burned Sherwood's grocery store, Smith & Cartmell's grocery store, and the store of F. T. Arthur; loss several thousand dollars. The hand fire engine, which had been considered inefficient, worked finely and saved other buildings fx'om destruction. May 3, 1879, a steam fire-engine was purchased and placed in the fire department room in the new city hall build- ing. In the afternoon of the same day it was thoroughly tested and found to be a first class machine. Sufficient steam was made in four minutes to force water strongly through one nozzle, and two minutes later water was flying through the same hose to a distance of over 130 feet. Another hose was at- tached and water thrown through both with tremendous force. In July, 1881, horses were secured for the department and placed in. their quarters in the city hall building. The town now has a paid fire department, organized in August, 1882, and consisting of a chief, engineer and fireman. George W. Fox is the present chief; C. H. Carter, engineer, and French Sellers, fireman. Besides the steamer there is a hook and ladder truck, and the old hand engine- is still the property of the town, though not in use. Everything is kept in readi - ness for turning out in the shortest possible time, and the department is efficient and well organized. THE CITY HALL. In the latter part of August, 1864, the Town Council purchased property at the southeast corner of Main and South streets, on which to erect a build- ing for a city hall, engine room, etc. In the spring of 1877, it was decided by vote to build a hall for city use. Plans drawn by F. J. Sager had been for some time on exhibition at McCloud's drug store. Work was soon begun on *Thi8 company was orgauized immediately after a small fire which occurred on the night of January 22, 1845 causing a loss of 81,000 or more. A meeting of citizens was held at the court house on the day succeeding the fire, and the company was then organized, with Samuel Resler, Captain; Mains Wasson, First Lieutenant; Abner Power, Second Lieutenant; J. S. Alexander, Treasurer; William C. Lawrence, Secretary. A contribution was raised for the use of the company, and a petition was forwarded to the Legislature, praying for an act of incorporation. The offi- cers chosen were to hold only until the company should be incorporated. 54 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the site named, the old buildings on the ground being sold and moved away. New plans and specifications w^ere called for and on the 15th of August, 1877; bids were -jpened and the contracts for the different branches of work awarded separately, the whole footing up $12,495. Ground was broken on the 21st of the same month, and the building was completed in the spring of 1878. In the latter part of March in that year, the Council purchased a Seth Thomas striking tower clock and placed it in the tower of the new building. Its cost, with bell, was 1915; it is of the eight day variety, forty inches wide, forty- two inches deep, fifty-one inches high, nine inch main wheel, sixteen-inch strike wheel, pendulum five feet long, ball weighs seventy-five pounds; weight of bell 1,000 pounds. Gas fixtures were placed in the building by a Cincin- nati firm. The steam heating apparatus was manufactured by E. B. Arm- strf^ng, of Columbus. The auditorium is finely frescoed. The hall was opened to the public October 21, 1878. when the drama of the "Two Orphans" was given by home talent. The total cost of the building, furniture, fixtures, etc., was $13,191.80, and the structure would be a credit to any town having a much greater population. It contains the fine public hall, the Mayor's olfice or Council Room, the public library, the fire department rooms and the city prison. MANUFACTURES. About 1848—49, the "Marysville Pearlash Factory" was established, and during most of its existence it was the property of Judge W. W. Woods, with whom Darius Buxton was for several years a partner in the business. This ashery was one of the most extensive in the United States, and, in fact, was re- ported as the largest in 1874; but after the death of Judge Wqodsitwas aban- doned and the work discontinued. In the fall of 185G, the first steam grist-mill in the place was erected by J. & B. Saxton and G. A. Cassil. The subject of building of such an institu- tion had been discussed in the columns of the daily papers for some time, and the mill supplied a long-felt w-ant. It was started June 1, 1857, by Saxton & McCreight, an> about $30,000 annu- ally, and the firm conducted a store opposite the factoiy, where they enjoyed a very large trade. These gentlemen are now proprietors of the well-known "factory store" on South Main strett. They sold the factory in the spring of 1880 to Turpie Brothers, of White County, Ind., and it is not now in opera- tion. A brewery was built in the east part of town in the spring of 1S6G. In Sep- tember, 1878, the tubs, vats, etc., were removed to Indiana. On the morning of September 14, 1881, the structure was very badly damaged by fire, but it was repaired and refitted and is still in existence, conducted by P. Schlegel. A large barn on the premises was burned in November, 1882. The property was for- merly owned by VV. W. Woods. The " Marysville Cheese Manufacturing Company" was organized Febru- ary 13, 1871, among the prominent members being W. W. ^Voods, W. M. Ran- dall, Col. Robb, R. T. McAllister, Jehu Ryan, John Fleck and A. J. Sterling, as stockholders. The certificate of incorj^oration was filed a few days later; capital stock, $4,000, in shares of $100 each. The incorporators were W. H. Robb, A. J. Sterling, W. W. Woods, Isaac C. Botkin, James W. Field, George P. Cross, J. S. Fleck The company purchased an acre of ground next south of the fair ground, and in the spring of #1871 erected a factory thereon which began operations on the ISth of May in that year. The build- ing was 40x84 feet, including the engine room, and two stories high. J. H. Ryan was chosen manager and N. P. Baughman, assistant. The latter had learned the trade in the Western Reserve dairy region of Ohio. Within a short time, the factory was manufacturing ten cheeses daily, weighing thirty pounds each. In May, 1872 it was receiving 3,300 pounds of milk per diem, and was operated by F. Hazen, who made 360 pounds of cheese each day. February 22, 1873, the factory was sold by the Sheriff and bid off by J W. Robinson, for $2,550. It was continued for a time, but ceased operations previous to 1877, and the building was sold to Judge Woods for $700. A new factory was built in the eastern part of town, in 1878, but was continued a short time only In the spring of 1872, a carriage factory was erected on South Main street, by Conrad & Schepper, the building being a large frame structure. In the fall of 1876, the two-story brick addition, which now constitutes the front portion of the establishment, was built. In November, 1878, John Boerger purchased the interest of Mr. Schepper, and the firm of Conrad & Boerger was established. Mr. Bosrger had come to the place in 1872, and learned his trade in this shop. The present firm employs from eight to fifteen men, according to the season, and trausacts annually a business amounting to $12,000 or $15,- 000. The manufactures — wagons, carriages, sleighs, etc. — are disposed of principally in Union and adjoining counties. Before the death of Judge Woods, and through his instrumentality, they shipped to some extent to Min- neapolis, Minn. Mr. Boerger's father, John L. Boerger, owns a fine farm in 56 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Mill Creek Township, containing 340 acres, and the son had lived with his father up to the time of his location in Marysville, when he started entirely on his own resonrces. The carriac^e works of Baner, Schepper & Devine were established Feb- ruary 7, 1882. Employment is given in the busy season to ten or twelve hands, and the work is disposed of mos'ly in Union and Franklin Counties. The firm manufactures carriages, wagons, sleighs, etc., and does a general blacksmithing business. Mt. Schepper was formerly in partnership with Mr. Conrad, and has worked at his trade in Marysville since 1868, coming from Owen County, Ind. Mr. Bauer is lately from Columbus, and Mr. Devine came from the same place three or four years ago. A. S. Turner, proprietor of the City Carriage Works, has been engaged in the business in this place since the close of the rebellion, having served in the army during that memorable struggle. For live or six years, h« was in com- pany with F. E. Justice. About the fall of 1871, he built a portion of his present shop, and in April, 1872, Mr. Justice became his partner. The firm was continued until October, 25, 1877, since when Mr. Turner has operated the factory alone and made extensive additions to it. From working as a journeyman a short time subsequent to the close of the war, he is now propri- etor ot a business amoiinting to about $6,000 annually, and employs an aver- age of seven hands. He manufactures entirely for the home trade. The carriage factory of L. E. Bellus was established about 1874, by its present proprietor, who has worked in Marysville since 1871. During the war he was for a time in company with Franklin E. Justice. He employs seven hands in the busy season, and disposes of most of his work near home, shipping but little. The establishment of S. A. Cherry is mentioned elsewhere, hence a de- scription is unnecessary in this connection. In 1875, a planing mill was built and a lumber yard opened by Rice, Fleck & Co., the firm b^ing composed of H. Rice, J. S. Fleck and A. S. Chap- man. In that year, a large amount of building was done in Marysville, and, on the 9th of June, forty -five buildings were under way together. A three-story hotel was talked of, to be erected on the site of the old American, and to cost from $20,000 to $30,000, but it has, up to this writing, failed to materialize. The present owners of the above-mentioned planing mill and lumber yard are Messrs. Fleck & Chapman, who have made extensive additions to the original mill and introduced many improvements. It is now the largest establishment of the kind in the county. The building covers four lots and has a frontage of 264 feet. The yards in the rear and to the south are con stantly stocked with lumber, and a portion of the main floor of the building is supplied from the yard and used for seasoning and cutting. The upper floor receives the timber from its first cutting, and it is rapidly converted into floor- ing, doors, sash and building material. The firm employs, on an average, about fifteen men; in the busy season, twenty-five. The capital at the start was limited, and the first year's sales amounted to only $7,000; this had in-~ creased to $45,000 in 1881, and to $60,000 for 1882. The Marysville Gas Ijight Company was incorporated August 30, 1878, the incorporators being W. W. Woods, Frederick J. Sager, S. N. McCloud, William Smith, J. W. Field and M. C. Lawence. Capital stock, $20,000, in shares of $50 each. No works were ever put in, and a citizen of the town re- marked in December, 1882, that the only gas in the place was "gasoline and human gas." Gasoline was introduced in Marysville in the spring of 1869; about forty lamps were set in the streets, and " Ward's Gas Generating Lamp'* used. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 57 BANKS. The Bank of Marysville was established in 1854, by Andrews, Evans & Woods, whose advertisement appears in the Marysville Tribune under date of February 14, 1855. On the 15th of April, 1868, another advertisement shows that the proprietors were then W. W. Woods, D. D. Welsh and C. S. Hamilton. They were at that time " agents for the sale of United States Government Five-Twenty Bonds." In September, 1869, T. J. Buxton, a member of the firm, retired for the purpose of entering the same business at Minneapolis, Minn. James Fullington and C. Phellis became partners with Judge Woods, under the firm name of Fullington. Phellis & Woods, Avhich ie still continued, the Judge's heirs retaining an interest in the institution. This is the oldest bank in the county, and transacts a general banking business. The cashier, R. M. Henderson, has held the position since the retirement of Mr. Buxton, in 1869. The building now occupied by this bank was erected in 1872, and was then the finest business edifice in Union County. It is three stories high, brick be- ing the material composing the walls. The upper story is occupied by the Odd Fellows. The Farmer'^s Bank of Union County went into operation about the 20th of April, 1868, with the following officers: Directors — Levi Longbrake, A. James Sterling, Dr. J. M. Southard; Cashier — Joseph Newlove. The bank was first located in the Robinson Block, three doors east of the public square, but is now in a fine brick building at the southeast corner of the square, erected in 1872. The present proprietors (December, 1882) of this bank are Joseph Newlove. * J. M. Southard, Levi Longbrake, Edward Weller, Thomas Mai'tin. The position of cashier is filled by C W. Southard. The People^ s Bank. — This banking company was organized in the^forepart of April, 1874, and included among its members A. J. Whitney, W. H. Robb, J. B. Whelpley, C. Houston, A. S. Chapman, F. T. Arthur, A. T. Carpenter, S. B. Woodburn, B. W. Keyes, C. S. Chapman. It began business in the room previously occupied by the Bank of Marysville, which had shortly before moved into its new quarters in the building it now occupies. The present officers are: A. J. Whitney, President; C. S. Chapman, Cashier. The bank transacts busi- ness on a capital of 120,000. SECRET ORDERS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS. Palestine Lodge, No. 158, F. (& A. M., was instituted April 19, 1848. The charter members were Stephen F. Kinney, John Cassil, J. O. Baker, Silas Igou, Jeremiah Curl, L. B. Kinney, David Burnham and James R. Smith. Jeremiah Ciirl was the first W. M. ; S. F. Kinney, S. W., and John Cassil, probably first Secretary.f At meetings held April 20 and 21, 1848, the lodge admitted seven new members. Of the fifteen thus constituting the old lodge, but one is now known to be living — Dr. Charles Rathbun,now of Southern Illinois. William M. Winget, of Marysville, who was initiated August 26, 1852, is one of the oldest members of the lodge. Thomas Peacock was made an Entered Apprentice in 1849, and Judge John B. Coates was initiated March 21, 1850; these two were initiated in this lodge probably before any other person now living in the place. David C. Winget, who became a JVfaster Ma- son before joining this lodge, is thought to have belonged to the order longer than any other man in the town. W. M. Robinson and W. H. Robb are also old Masons. A fire which occurred July 26, 1859, destroyed the records, charter and effects of this lodge, but a new charter was granted on the 21st of *Mr. Newlove's decease has occurred since these notes were t>iken. t A directory of Union County, published in 1877, says the first officers of this lod;^e were Horace M. Stokes, W. M.; J. N. Burr, S. W., and James Williams, J. W. 58 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the folio-wing October, under which the lodge is now working. The member- ship, December 12, 1882, was 163, and the officers were: J. J. Scott, W. M. ; J. M Broderick, S. W. ; A. H. Beightler, J. W.; J. W. Field, Treasurer; J. H. Kinkade, Seerefcaiy; C S. Lee, S. D. ; E. L. Parthemore, J. D. ; Thomas Pea- cock, Tiler. Marysville Chaptei^, No. 99, R. A.M. — A dispensation was granted a chap- ter October 13, 1866, and it was instituted at that date by David Haskell, of London, H. P., pro tern., S. S. Jewell being installed as High Priest. After working one year under dispensation, a charter was granted October 12, 1867, to S. S. Jewel'l, John Sidle, James W. Field, Harvey S. Wood, T. S. Hill, William M. Winget, Abram Beck, John Cassil and A^'. H. Robb. . Officers elected at that time were: S. S. Jewell, H. P.; John Sidle, K. ; J. W. Field, Scribe; W. H. Kobb, C. of H. ; R. R. Hederson, P. S. ; M. C. Lawrence, R. A. C; James -A.. Henderson, M. 3d V. ; E. S. Pyne, M. 2d V. ; W. E. Baxter, M. 1st V. ; Thomas J. Buxton, Treasurer; John Cassil, Secretary; C. L.Mullen, Guard; J. B. Whelp- ley, Chaplain. The membership in December, 1882, was seventy-eight, and the officers at the same time were: W. M. Winget, High Priest; AV. P. An- derson, King; C. W. Radebaugh, Scribe; Elmer P. Blinn, Captain of Host; J. J. Scott, Principal Sojourner; H. W. Morey, Royal Arch Captain; David Ed- wards, Master 3d Veil; Will O. Shearer, Master 2d Veil; J. M. Brodrick, Mas- ter 1st Veil; J. W. Field, Treasurer; Will E. Winget, Secretary; A. H. Beight- ler, Guard. Marysville Council, No. 61. R. & S. M. was instituted December 30, 1873, with ten or twelve charter members. Its first officers were: O. B. Williams, T. I. M. ; James A. Henderson, D. L M. ; W. H. Robb, P. C. of W. ; D. W. Henderson, Treasurer; James W. Field, Rec. ; W. M. Cartmell, C. of G. ; C. L. Mullen, S. The council is not at present in a flourishing condition. It has a membership (December 12, 1882) of twentv, and is officered as follows: W. P. Anderson, T. L U.; James W. Field. D.^'l. M.; S. S. Jewell, P. C. of W.; W. M. Cartmell, C. of G.; W. M. Robinson. Treasurer; S. N. McCloud, Recorder; H. W. Morey, Sentinel j^t'o tern. The charter will probably soon be surrendered. Marysville Lodge, No. 87, I. O. O. F., is the oldest secret organization in the county. It was instituted June 7, 1847, and the charter members wore John Cassil, S. A. Cherry, James Kinkade, W. T. Brophy, and John H. Smith. The lodge was instituted by Erastus Sheldon, District Deputy Grand Master. The officers were: John Cassil, N. G. ; S. A. Cherry, V. G. ; James Kinkade, Jr., R. S. ; William T. Brophy, Treasurer; John H. Smith, P. S. On the same night, Philip Snider, James M. Wilkinson, J. C. Doughty, Charles Rathbun and William E. Lee were initiated as members. At the nest meeting, June 10, 1847, James M. Wilkinson was appointed R. S. N. G. ; Charles Rathbun, L. S. N. G. ; W. E. Lee, R. S. V. G.; J. C. Doughty, L. S. V. S. ; Philip Sni- der, Warden; J. C. Doughty, Conductor; John S. Smith, I. G. ; William T. Brophy, O. G. ; Philip Snider, Charles Rathbun, James Kinkade, Jr., Trust- ees. This organization has been continued to the present time, and the membership, December 12, 1882, was about 150. Several lodges have been partially formed from this, and some nearly entire. The library contains 323 volumes. S. A. Cherry is the only one of the charter members of this lodge now living. The present officers are: B. Hanawalt, N. G.; E. B. Turner, V. G.; E. L. Price, Recording Secretary; L. G. English, Per. Sec; John H. Wood, Treasm'er. Mr. Wood has held this office several years. Marysville Encampment, No. 114, I. O. O. F., was chartered May 6, 1868, and instituted August lO following. The charter members were John Cas- sil, A. F. Wilkins, A. Morey, John P. Bauer, Thomas Turner, John Weaver, PARIS TOWNSHIP. 61 Jr.. Joseph H. Felkner. The encampment was instituted by Right Worthy Grand Scribe William M. Habbell. The first ofi&cers were: John Cassil, C. P. ; J. H. Felkner, H. P. ; Thomas Turner, S. W. ; A. F. Wilkins, Scribe (died in office); John P. Bauer, Treasurer; A. Morey, J. W. The present member- ship is about eighty, and the officers are: J. K. Taylor, C. P.; J. C. Burk- bile, H. P.; R. S. Bonnett. S. W.; D. H. Fry, Scribe; J. J. Morelock, Treas urer; J. M. Longbrake, J. W. Juniata Tribe, No. 94, Improved Order of Red Men, was instituted at the Hunting Gounds of Marysyille, Reservation of Ohio, on the sleep of the 18th Sun, Worm Moon, G. S. D. 388 — common year, March 18, 1879 — with twenty- two charter members. Its membership in December, 1882, was seyenty-six, and its officers were as follows: Prophet, J. Q. Richey; Sachem, A. Morey; Senior Sagamore, J. H. Smith; Junior Sagamore, J. D. Burkbile; Chief of Records, B. Newloye; Keeper of Wampum, B. C. Newloye. The first incum- bents of the same offices, in the order named, were B. Newloye, C. Wagner, J. D. Burkbile, H. N. Amrine, H. J. King and B. C. Newloye. Mary sville Lodge, No. 100, K. of P., was chartered May 24, 1877, the fol- lowing being the first officers and members: Noah Orr, P. C. ; Harry Gebbard, C. C; Adam Snider, V. C; J. H. Kinkade, P. ; S. N. McCloud, M. of E ; J. B. Couchman. M. of F.; C. F. Wilkins, K. of R. and S. ; Theodore Mullen, M. at A.;C. H. Carter, I. G.; AV. S. Smith, O. G.; J. J. Gledhill, James Smith, E. C. Myers, D. W. March, J. H. Willis, E. P. Rogers, G. Gibson. The present membership is about eighty, and the officers are: I. D. Buxton, P. C; R. H. Graham, C. C; John K Sellers, V. C; C. F. Turner, P.; C. L. Ousler, M. of E.; E. E. Cole, M. of F.; C. Stewart, K. of R. and S. ; George Heistand, M. at A. ; L. M. Webster, I. G. ; W. Weidman, O. G. Several building and loan associations have been organized at different times in Marysyille, which have been of great benefit. The Marysville Literary and Library Association was formed Friday even- ing, November ]5, 1867, and a committee appointed to draft constitution and by-laws. They performed their duty, and, on the evening of November 23, the articles were adopted; the organization was completed November 29, by the election of the following officers: Franklin Wood, President; W. S. Johnson, Vice President; A. J. Sterling, Treasurer; S. W. Dolber, Secretary; L. Piper, Librarian; A. J. Sterling, P. B. Cole, F. Wood, Executive Committee. Thursday evening, January 23, 1808, Fred Douglass delivered a lecture in Marysyille, having been brought here by this association, to whose benefit the net proceeds of the lecture were appropriated for the purchase of books. The association was incorporated February 17, 1868, and the following Trustees elected: P. B. Cole, Franklin Wood, O. M. Scott, William S. Johnson, John H. Shearer, L. Piper, A. James Sterling, James C. Wilkins, Edward Thomas. The " Marysville Library Association " was the name of the organized institu- tion, as adopted Jiily 21, 187-1:, when the following officers were chosen- P. B. Cole, President; F. Wood, Vice President; R. L. Woodburn, Secretary; William M. Liggett, Treasurer; H. W. Morey, Librarian; Andrew Steven- son, D. W. Henderson, L. Piper, Directors. The capital stock was fixed at 150 shares of $25 each; only about eighty shares were ever taken, although about 100 names appear on the record. Officers are elected annually. The present officers are: P. B. Cole, President, having held the position since 1874; Dr. I. N. Hamilton, Vice President; William M. Liggett, Treasurer; E. P. Blinn, Secretary; J. B. Whelpley, D. AV. Henderson, J. Van Pearse, Directors; J. Van Pearse, Librarian. The library contains about 1,000 vohimes, all of the better class of selections. Historical and biographical woi'ks form a prominent part feature of the library. From 62 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. seventy-five to one hundred books are circulated weekly, and new ones are oc- casionally added. The Agassiz Scientific, Archceological and Historical Society of Marys- ville was organized March 7, 1879, and a week later the following o£6.cers were elected: Prof. J. W. Cole, President; J. H. Shearer, Vice President; Miss Anna Eoney, Eecording Secretary; E. E. Cole, Corresponding Secretary; L. Piper, Treasurer; Dr. I. N. Hamilton, Dr. D. W. Henderson, C. M. Kenton, Dr. J. W. Field, S. P. Mulford, Executive Committee. At the date of the second meeting, March 14, 1859, the membership was fifty-one. The object of the association was to acquire general information of value on all subjects. The work of collecting specimens, relics, etc., for the purpose of establishling a museum, was begun, and a large number and great variety of articles was soon on hand. The museum was placed in the east school building, and is an attractive feature to the visitor. The collection has been largely made by the pupils of the schools, who have taken great interest in the work. CEMETERIES. Just when the old cemetery in the limits of the corporation began to be used has not been ascertained. Steps were taken toward purchasing a new ground, and abandoning the old one, in October and November, ISIG, but nothing further was done until early in 1848. In March of that year, 6^ acres were purchased of the assignees of W. C. Malin, lying on the Marion road, north of town. This was traded to Mr. Zwerner, in the spring of 1863, for his lots adjoining the old cemetery, which was extended. On the 5tb of June, 1877, it was voted by the citizens of Marysville to raise by tax sufficient funds to purchase grounds for a new cemetery. The Council could not secure suitable grounds for a reasonable price, and, accordingly, July 22, 1878, they passed a resolution to appropriate apiece of ground known as the Dynes land, half a mile west of the corporation, between the Newton and Bellefontaine roads. The name, "Oakdale Cemetery," was given to the grounds. The tract contains thirty-nine acres, and is beautifully laid out. It was first improved in 1880, and dedicated on the 17th of June in that year. It already contains the remains of numerous persons, including some removed from other ceme- teries, and is an exceedingly pleasant resting place for the dead. In the old cemetery at Marysville rest many of the pioneer fathers and mothers of the place and its neighborhood. Numbers of the headstones are broken in pieces and fallen fiat, and others are so worn by the storms of years that the inscrip- tions upon them cannot be deciphered. The following list includes a large pro- portion of those whose remains are here buried, with date of death and age: John S. Fulton, died September 10, 1864, aged 75 years; Catharine, Maria Fulton, March 25, 1840, 12; Sally Ann, wife of Abram G. Davis, January 9, 1837, 21; Nathaniel Beecher, April 15, 1840, 30; MaryK., daughter of Moses and Mary A. Thompson, August 9, 1847, 22; Florence M., daughter of W. W. and Martha J. Woods, July 23, 1842, 2; Alexander (jribson, April 9, 1842,52; Eobert Gibson, October 30, 1844, 28; EliasKelsey, September 5,1854, 42; John Burns, December 22,1839, 46; Mary Magdalena,\is wife, August 27, 1868, 76; David, son of J. and Sarah Curl, June 8, 1840, 1; John H., son of Alexander and Elizabeth Pollock, July 26, 1831, 4; Elizaboth, wife of A. Pollock, February 10, 1846, 44; Eodney Pickett, September 18, 3852, 52; Mary, his wife, July 13, 1869, 72; Cyprian Lee, September 24, 1854, 62; Elizabeth B. Coopei% Lis wife, January 7, 1830, 23; Mary S. Irwin, his second wife, October 11, 1858, 60; Mrs. Mavj Lee, March 21, 1842, 71; Mrs. Nancy Simmons, October 9, 1854, 70; Ann, wife of John Hawley, June 29, 1846, 63; Baty Hawley, March 14, 1838, 14; William Campbell, February 20, 1865, 66; PARIS TOWNSHIP. 63 Ann, his wife, August 9, 1860, 52; Samuel Teas, March 8, 1843, 74; Margaret, his wife, May 17, 1847, 69; Margaret, wife of Rev. W. D. Smith, October*23, 1840, 34; Levi Phelps, November 27, 1863, 74; Lavina, wife of Forest Meeker, April 23, 1S62, 89; Auue Phelps, wife of Joseph Peck, August 18, 1853, 61; Angella, consort of James Turner, August 22, 1840, 26; Bill Welch, October 31, 1859, 54; Amelia, his wife, May 20, 1853, 37; Alice B. Skinner, August 19, 1851, 68; Mary J., wife of J. C. Duree, October 14, 1845, 22; William C. Lawrence, Esq., September 21, 1846, 42; Rev. James Smith, June 2, 1874, 73; Matilda, his wife, November 3, 1852, 46; Samuel B. Johnson, June 17, 1843, 52; Aurelia, wife of Rowland Lee, November 14, 1858, 46; Lucina, wife of Cyrus Partridge, October 4, 1850, 57; Dr. Neil, April 2, 1857, 58; Sally, . wife of Nathan Hartwell, July 26, 1845, 74; Sophronia S., wife of C. W. B. Allison, August 26, 1848, 22; Mary H., wife of William T. Brophy, October 2, 1850, 27; James Weller, March 24, 1872, 73; Chambers Dynes, January 3, 1857, 86; Somelia Dynes, December 31, 1856, 80; William Powl, April 15, 1854, 39; James C. Dynes, March 6, 1854, 57; Jacob Ashbaugh, May 4, 1851, 75; Sarah, wife of Rev. John AVilson, December 12, 18'73, 69; William Gregg, September 30, 1846, 61; Elvira D., wife of W. M. Gregg, November 30, 1839, 18; William Wells, February 3, 1857, 77; Nancy, his wife, Septem- ber 27, 1842, 59; Malinda, wife of William M. Page, October 17, 1838, 29; Calvin Winget, November 4, 1840, 39; Cynthia, his wife, August 20, 1845, 40; William Ward, January 17, 1848, 82; James L. Ward, December 26, 1843, 36; Nancy Ward, August 9, 1855, 45; George D. Witter, August 13, 1849, 25; Sally, wife of David Witter, June 13, 1838, 43; Martha Ann, wife of John Lundy, January 27, 1844, 19; Michael Mullin, March 15, 1836, 48; Stephen D. Mullin, April 28, 1834, 22; Letitia, his wife, September 28, 1834, 22; Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Mullin, December 19, 1841, 50; James Carter, June 8, 1862, 48; Electa, wife of James Barbour, native of Bainbridge, N. Y., September 22, 1869, 70; John Weaver, Sr., April 23, 1880, 68; Elenor, wife of George Shape, September 2, 1867, 05; Rev. James Ryan, March 14, 1868, 77; Philadelphia, wife of Ed- ward Weller, February 14, 1875, 66; Cornelius S. Hamilton, December [22, 1867, 46; Louisa B., his wife. May 24, 1868, 43; John C. Hull, December 30, 1872, 85; Jane T., his wife May 3, 1874, 84; Otway Curry, February' 15, 1855, 51; Mrs. Mary Curry, April 21, 1856, 50; John Cassil, June 15, 1869, 66; Thomas Snodgrass, April 21, 1880, 72; William Snodgrass, March 10, 1842, 43; Benson Wilmeth, June 30, 1869, 73; William Alexander, February 6, 1871, 94; F. K. F. Melching, February 26, 1870, 77; Judah Dodge, April 23, 1869, 74; Thomas Turner, October 13, 1868, 59; David Robb, October 2, 1869, 90, Mary, wife of David Rol»b. September 10, 1865, 55: Robert Turner, March 13, 1869, 87; John C. Filler/ April 3, 1864, 56; John W. Thompson, Februarv 16, 1875, 77; Laura Sabin, March 10, 1880, 79: Susannah Sabin, April 28, 1866 94; Joseph Kellogg, M. D., September 29, 1875, 81; Francis Bryant, August 20, 1877, 65; Matilda, consort of J. H. Shearer, March 26, 1865, 45; John Robb, September 5, 1865, 73: Margaret E., his wife, August 26, 1865, 65; D. D. Welsh, May 17, 1863, 45. Several victims of the great and bloody civil war found a resting place in this cemetery, principal among whom is Col. Joseph G. Hawkins, killed at the battle of Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862. A neat monument was erected as a "tribute of respect by the officers of his regiment and his fellow- citizens. " Col. Hawkins was only one of many who fell in that terrible four years' struggle, and who, in the sleep of patriot martyrs, " look proudly to heaven from the deathbed of fame." 64 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. " Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead, Dear as the blood ye gave ; No impious footsteps here shall tread The herbage of your grave ; Nor shall your glory be forgot While Fame her record keeps, Or honor points the hallowed spot Where Valor proudly sleeps." / r JAR IS TOWNSHIP. . t ^ Paris Township was constituted by act oi the Commissioners of Union County, March 12, 1821. Its bounds were then defined as follows: " Beginning at the northeast corner of Darby, running west three and one-half miles; thence north to the north boundary of said county; all west to the line of Union Township to be known by the name of Paris." As thus created, Paris included a large portion of the county, but by the formation of new townships its limits have been gradually contracted, until it now posses- ses little more territory than the average of the fourteen townships of this county. It is favorably located, in the south central portion of the county, and probably contains the center of population within its limits. Marysville is situated a little south of its center. The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Eailroad enters from Dover Township on the east, pursues a westerly and southwesterly course, and leaves the township near the southwest corner. Mill Creek is the only stream of note. It enters from the north, flows almost directly south, to near the center of the township, and, by an ever tortuous course, proceeds eastwardly to Dover. The surface is usually level, and the soil of an excellent clay quality. The entire surface was densely timbered with the prevalent types of forest growth in this region at the com- ing of the pioneers, such as sugar, hickory, oak, beech, elm and walnut. The roads in this township are unexcelled in the county, and probably in the State. A dozen well-piked roads lead from Marysville in all directions. EARLY SETTLERS. The most important early settlement in what is now Paris Township was made in IS 17, by Abraham Amrine and his sons, in what is still known as the Amrine settlement, about two miles northwest of Marysville. So far as known, it was the first settlement made; assuredly the first permanent settle- ment. A few squattei's may have preceded the Amriues, in the occupancy of the soil of this township, but if so, all traces of them are lost. The Amriue family still has in its possession a considerable quantity of the survey upon which the original settler of this name settled sixty- six years ago. Abraham Amrine was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1701. His an- cestors had emigrated to America from Switzerland about the beginning of the eighteenth century. In 1785, Mr. Amrine married Mary Wolford, and in 1801 removed from Pennsylvania, to near St. Clairsville, Belmont Co., Ohio. In 1817, he purchased from Samuel Davis, of Franklin County, the John Overton survey, of 750g acres. No. 4,000, which, however, contained nearly 1,000 acres, paying for it $2 an acre. This was at that time a high price for wild land, but the survey was located on a bend of Mill Creek, and the rich bottom lands it contained enhanced its value above that of land less favorably situated. The same year he removed to it from Belmont County, with his six sons — John, Andrew, Moses, Frederick, Jeremiah and Abraham, Jr. — four of PARIS TOWNSHIP. 65 whom were married, and brought their families with them. Mr. Amrine's family consisted of seven sons and one daughter, the eldest of the family. The other son — Henry— -subsequently removed to Paris Township; the daugh- ter married Joseph Woi'ley, and lived near Wheeling, W. Va. Mr. A.mrine built his log cabin on the hill west of the Newton pike, where the bend is made in the road. To each of his boys he gave 100 acres of land, and the work of clearing the farms was at once commenced in earnest. They had few — if any — neighbors at first, but formed quite a colony among them- selves. They were a rugged, hardy people, fully fitted to cope with the diffi- culties and endvu'e the hardshij^s of their wildeimess homes. They were relig- ious, frugal and industrious, and soon had fruitful farms, while on all sides, for miles, was yet one deep, dense forest. Abraham Amrine, Sr. , died No- vember 14, 1849, at the ripe old age of eighty -eight years. His wife, Mary, had preceded him to the grave many years. She died in September, 1823, only six yeai's after their removal here, at the age of sixty-three years. John A.mrine, the eldest son, was born in 1787. In Belmont County, he married Drusie Worley. She died before the removal to Paris Township, and he was again married to Nancy Miller. By the first marriage his children were Andrew, Wesley, Willam, Sarah and Mary; , by the second, John, Julia Ann, Alexander, Maria, Harrison, Sylas and Roxa. 'He wars a lifelong farmer of this township, and died September 15, 1864, aged seventy-seven years. His wife, Nancy, died July 31, 1861, aged seventy-five years. Henry Amrine, the second son, was born in 1789. He did not move to this township till the fall of 1820. His father desired that -he should live in the same settlement with himself and his remaining sons, and offered him, as an inducement to move, 100 acres, upon which was a good mill site. He built his cabin in the green woods a few rods west of where the residence of Mrs. Elizabeth Amrine now stands. In 1822, he built the saw mill on the exact site of the present mill. It was one of the first mills erected on Mill Creek. In 1825, the grist mill was added. These mills remained in the possession of the Amrine family for more than fifty years. Henry Amrine had married Mary Powers, who was born near Richmond, Ya., September 2, 1785. Their children were John, Elizabeth. Josiah, Susan, Abraham, Mercy, Henry, Smith and Andrew. The first six were born in Belmont County, the last three here. Four are still living — John, in Piqua, Ohio; Susan, who became the wife of Samuel Reed, in Missouri; Henry and Andrew, in Paris Township. The wife, Mary, died in 1851, at the age of sixty-five years. Henry survived until the seventy-sixth year of his age. His death occurred August 12, 1864. Andi'ew Amrine, the third son of Abraham, was born in Pennsylvania in 1791. He married Mercy Westlake, and had but one child, Sidy Ann. He was for many years Justice of the Peace, was a man of profound I'eligious chai-acter, and possessed more than ordinary intelligence. His eai'thly career was closed November 2, 1859, at the age of sixty- eight years. His wife, Mercy, died in 1864, aged seventy-one years. The only child. Sidy Ann, the wife of Zephaniah Reed, died in 1851, aged thirty-seven years. Moses Amrine, who was born in 1797, married Elizabeth Watkins. Their childi'en were Maha,la, Nancy, Sarah, Washington, Polly Ann, Annetta and Melissa. Moses Amrine remained a resident of Paris Township through life, and died November 6, 1874, at the age of seventy-eight years. His wife, Elizabeth, died in 1854. Frederick, Jeremiah and Abraham, Jr., the three younger boys, removed with their families to the West. Frederick married Rachel Burris, and their children were Keziah, George, Amos, Maria, Nancy and James. His wife, Rachel, died in 1827, at the early age of thirty-two years. 66 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Jeremiah Amrine married Mary Shearer. Their children are Valentine and Polly Ann. The former of these resides in Troy, Ohio; the latter, now the wife of John Bellville, resides in Iowa. Abraham Amrine, Ji'., was married to Catharine McAdams, who died young. He then removed to Illinois, where he was killed by a heavily loaded wagon running over him. The Amrines were among the best, as they were the first, citizens of Paris Township. They nearly "all lived to a good age, and have left an impress upon the community for good, which cannot be effaced for a long time to come. They were earnest and consistent members of the Methodist Church, and the founders of religious life in this locality. In politics, they were strongly Whig; the descendants, it is said, without exception, are now Republican. Hezekiah Bates, a blacksmith, hailing fi'om New Jersey, came about 1817, and settled on the W. H. Robb place, just north of Marysville. He resid- ed here for many years, and cleared up a portion of the farm, besides work- ing at his trade. He then removed to Madison County, Ind., where he died. John Donly was from Belmont County, and came to Paris Township with the Amrines, or soon after. His wife was Elizabeth Miller. He set- tled on the Amrine tract, east of the creek, and died years afterward in the township, leaving a posterity which is still represented here. A settlement was made about 1817 or 1818, on the site of Marysville and just north of it, by Jonathan Summers and Nathan and Eli Lundy. They came together from Fayette County. None of them purchased land. Mr. Summers built his cabin and cleared a patch for corn in what is now Marys- ville. He taught school a term about three-fourths of a mile to the west. In a few years, he returned to Ftiyette County with his family, and there died. Nathan Lundy selected a spot for his cabin just north of Marysville, and lived there six years; he then returned to Fayette County. Eli Lundy was a nephew to Nathan. He was born in Washington County, Penn., and came here fi-om Fayette County with his wife, Phoebe (McVay), and two children. He built a cabin on what is now the Clement place, just northwest of Marys- ville, remained here about five years, then I'emoved further east, near the fair grounds, where his uncle had lived. Four or five years later he came to Marys- ville, and for a time was engaged in keeping hotel. In 1844, he emigrated to Iowa, where he died. At the time of his departure, he was the happy parent of eleven children, who accompanied him to the West. Abraham Steiner came in 1811). He was born in Pennsylvania, and there acquired the weaver's trade. He lost his father when he waa quite small, and moved to Chillicothe, Ohio, with Col. Ambrose Meeker. He lived with him till the opening of the war of 1812, when Col. Ambrose went to the front, and Mr. Steiner removed to Madison County. He had married Elizabeth Lewis about 1807. While in Madison County, he received the false impression that by settling in Paris Township, and clearing a tract of land, 100 acres would be deeded to h im. Acting on the information, ho entered the township March 25, 1819. He i-emained a week in a sugar camp on what is now the John Weaver place, south of Marysville, where James Beatley and Levin Gibson, then of Madison County, wex'e engaged in boiling sugar. He then continued eastward a few miles to Dover Township, and took up his abode in the cabin of Stephen DysarcC until June 11) following, by which time, with the assist- ance of the scattering settlers in Dover, he had built a cabin on what is now known as the Hawley place, nearly two miles east of Marysville, on the Dover pike. He at once moved into it, and remained there for twelve years, except two years spent at Urbana, engaged in clearing the land and in weaving. He then removed to Knox County, where he purchased a farm, and eight years TARIS TOWNSHIP. 67 later to Clayton County, Iowa. He died there at the age of eighty-four years. He raised six children — Christian, Joseph, Mary (Sager), Catharine (Myers), Eliza Ann (Coulter) and Abraham. Only two are now living in Union County — Christian in Dover Township, Catharine at Peoria. Mr. Steiner was a Democrat in politics, of German descent, and for a time a Methodist, after- ward a Baptist. When he came, in 1819, no cabin stood between his and Jonathan Summers' at the site of Marysville, and the few scattering settlers were all squatters, except the Amrines. At various points along Mill Creek, cabins were erected, and small clear- ings made, by persons called squatters, who settled upon the land only tem- porarily, and without any intention of acquiring a title to it. This class of settlements was almost the only kind for some years. The sojourn of the squatters was usually brief. They enjoyed best that free and easy life to be found on the extreme frontier, where their wants were few and easily sup- plied, and as incoming settlements encroached upon their freedom, many of them took up their few worldly effects and sought new homes deeper in the solitudes of undistui'bed natiu'e. Their stay was generally so transient that few traces were left of their occupancy. Their politics was generally Demo- cratic; their religion, not strongly marked. A few squatters afterward pur- chased land here and became permanent settlers. Levin Gibson, in the fall of 1819, settled on what is now the John W. Robinson place, just northeast of Marysville. He was born in Virginia, mar- ried Rachel Insley, of New Jersey, at Chillicothe, and removed to Madison County, whence he came here. He had six children — Ruth (Steiner), Tjydia (Wilmuth), Robert of Marysville, Susan (Little) and Sarah (Snodgrass), of Marysville, and William, who died in the army. Mr. Gibson was a lifelong farmer, but did not acquire any land in his own name. Joel Hinkle, about 1818, brought a drove of hogs from Clark County, to range along Mill Creek. They belonged to Henry Van Meter, of Springfield, and Judge Reynolds, of Urbana. He built a cabin on the Robiason place, northeast of Marysville, bu^ remained in it only a year. Elijah Holloway, from Ross County, then took possession of the cabin and occupied it for a short time, but, tiring of this county, he returned to Ross. Lemuel Godfrey was the next temporary occupant of the little cabin. He, too, hailed from Ross County, and after tai'rying here for a few years, departed for the State of Iowa. William Shelpman, from Ross County, in the fall of 1819, settled on Mill Creek and died there. William Worley, from the same county, was another squatter. John Streets lived for awhile in the bend of the creek, just north of Marysville. Sampson Hubbell, lived for a few years, commenc- ing about 1820, two and one-half miles west of Marysville. He owned no prop- erty, and moved West. Joseph Bell built a cabin on the Robert Belt farm, northeast of Marysville. He was from Ross County, and stayed only a short time. George Cline, from Madison County, about 1821 settled on the Daniel Longbrake farm. The locality was known in early times as "Cline's Bottoms." He remained till the land was sold, then retui'ned to Madison County. James Bradley, a local Methodist preacher, came from Ross County in 1819, and took possession of a cabin site in the eastern part of the township, but acquired no property there. He afterward moved to Hardin County, and bought a small farm, on which he died. His son, Martin, married Elizabeth Wilmuth, and moved to Missouri. Joseph Russell, in 1819, settled on the John B. Weller place, on the eastern line of the township. He emigrated from New Jersey to London, Madison County, there married Mrs. Nancy Reeves and came here. He afterward removed to the West. John Bax'ker, about 1818, settled in Survey -1,074, three or four miles 68 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. nortliwest from Marysville. He was originally from Virginia; had married Mary Hoyt in Pennsylvania. Some time after he came, he sold JOO acres on the north side of Mill Creek to Samuel Westlake and removed to the Amrine farm. His wife died October 28, 1853. Mr. Barker died near Lewisburg in 1870, aged seventy-three years. He had a family of twelve children, some of whom still reside in this township. Jonathan Brooks was one of the earliest citizens of the township. He owned no property, and resided on the Amrine settlement. He was an earnest Methodist and a well respected man. George Westlake, a native of Maryland, came, with his wife Mercy, from Belmont County in 1821. He was at this time well advanced in life. He had raised a large family of children, most of whom had married before he removed to this township. His daughter Mercy was the wife of Andrew Amrine, and he lived on his farm. Another daughter, Mrs. John Elliott, afterward removed to this township. Mr. and Mrs. Westlake were members of the Methodist Church, and both died in extreme old age at their home in this township. Samuel Westlake the son of George and Mercy Westlake, moved from Belmont County in October, 1826, and settled on a small farm of fifty acres in the southeast corner of Survey 4,071, several miles northwest of Marysville. It was wholly covered with forest when he came, and a spot was cleared as a site for the little cabin, which he at once built and moved into. Afterward, when he was felling the timber, close by, it became necessary for the safety of his family that they leave the cabin, as there was danger of trees falling across it and crushing it in. Mr. Westlake was a farmer and a shoe-maker, and pur- sued both avocations. He was a Methodist and a Democrat. His wife was Elizabeth Eeed, who died in 1851. Mr.' Westlake attained the age of eighty- five years. He had eleven children, two of whom remained in Belmont County after his departure, but subsequently followed him to Paris Township. They were: Josiah, of this township; Nancy, wife of Henry Jordan, of Allen Town- ship; Samuel, of Kansas; Zephaniah, who died here; James, of Delaware County; George, who died in Missouri; Elizabeth, wife of Wesley Amrine, of Marysville; Mercy, who died unmarried; Richard, of Missouri; Mary, who married Thomas Peacock, and is now deceased; and William, of Missouri. John and George Howser, brothers, from Licking County, were among the earliest settlers. They occupied farms on Survey 5,138, north of the Am- rine settlement. After a residence here of considerable length, they I'oruoved to Hardin County and purchased land on which Kenton has since been built. Lemuel, Joseph and William Wilmuth, three brothers, were early settlers. William Wilmuth was born in Maryland, and emigrated to Ross County, Ohio; thence he removed to Paris Township, in 1820 or 1821, and settled on Mill Creek, northeast of Marysville. He was a farmer, but owned no land here. His wife was Susan Carr, who bore him a large family of children. His brother-in-law, Reuben Carr, accompanied him here from Ross County. He was a bachelor, and made his home with the Wilmuths until his death, about 1840. Soon after, Mr. Wilmuth removed to Hardin County, and bought a farm close by Kenton. Later in life, he moved to Missouri, where he died. Lemuel and Joseph Wilmuth settled south of Marysville. Lemuel died in Hardin County. Joseph moved to Missouri, and finished his earthly course in that State. Adam Wolford, in 1821, settled north of Marysville, near the fair grounds. His boyhood was spent in Guernsey County. He removed to Knox County, and there married Catharine Wolford several years prior to his re- moval to Paris Township. By trade and occupation he was a carpentei-, and Jm MM ^M. 2-tv£::> PARIS TOWNSHIP. 71 soon settled in Marysville, where be died June 10, 1863, aged sixty-five years. Elijah Wolford, distantly related to Adam Wolford, moved to the town- ship a few years later, from Belmont County. He was a farmer, and first set- tled in the Amrine neighborhood; then two and one-half miles north of Marys- ville, on the Pharisburg road, where he died. Jacob Parthemore, about 1820, shortly after his marriage to Sarah Thorn- ton, settled in the extreme southwestern part of the township He is of Ger- man descent, and formerly resided in the southern part of the county. Tobias Bigler came to the township in 1825. He was born in Berks County, Penn., in 1805, of German parentage. In 1809, he emigrated to Lick- ing County with his parents, and the year following they removed to Fairfield County, where Tobias remained until he came here. In January, 1827, he married Miss Sarah Amrine, the daughter of John Amrine. He purchased 100 acres of woodland northwest of Marysville, paying for it $450. As this was cleared, he added more to it. After the decease of his wife, he was re-united in marriage with Nancy Burrows. By his first marriage he had twelve chil- dren, eight of whom are now living — Samuel, Mary A., Andi*ew, John, Eliza, Daniel, Harrison and James M. ; by the second he has but one child, Nelson H. Mr. Bigler is still a resident of the township. In 1828, John Elliott became a citizen of Paris. He was born in Mary- land, and previous to his settlement here had lived in Belmont and Adams Counties, and had married Hannah Westlake. Within a few years after he came, he was the owner of a farm of 200 acres in the noi-thwestern part of the township, where he passed the remainder of his life. In earlier life, he was an ardent Methodist, but he afterward was one of the prime movers in the organization of the United Brethren Church. His politics were Democratic. Mr. Elliott was twice married. By the first marriage he had two children, by the last ten, many of whom still live in Paris Township. About 1827, William Gregg, of Ross County, purchased and settled on a small farm in Survey 1,913, now owned by Tobias Bigler. He died at Marys- ville. Hezekiah Burdick was an early settler on Mill Creek, in the eastern part of the township. He afterward removed to Richwood, opening the first store in that village. David Dickson was an early settler in the eastern part of the township. He had previously lived in Mill Creek Township. James Richey, John Sovereign, Coats Thornton, William Wells and Will- iam Youst were also early settlers. Mr. Richey was a Virginian. He located east of Marysville, on the farm now owned by Harvey Wood. He removed to Delaware County, near Millville. John Sovereign came from Madison County. He lived, for a time, northeast of Marysville, on the Robinson farm; then re- moved to Leesburg Township, where he purchased land and died. Coats Thornton was from Virginia He afterward resided in Marysville. Mr. Wells came from Belmont County about 1828. He bought and occupied a small place on Survey 1,913, and afterward removed to Marysville, where he died, William Youst was a squatter, and came here very early. He was a Virginian, and had lived in Greene County before coming to Paris Township. He occu- pied a place north of the Amrine settlement, but soon departed for parts unknown. THE BLOCK-HOUSE. On the Powers place, in Survey 5,736, a block-house was erected in 1812, by the settlers in the southern part of what is now Union and liiose in Madison County, as a defense against threatened Indian attacks from the north. It 72 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. stood east of Edward Powers' residence, near the west bank of Mill Creek, in the path of an Indian trail, which passed north and south. The block-house was made of hewn logs, and its dimensions were probably fifteen by twenty- four feet. It was two stories in height, and on all sides were small port holes, about four inches square. For about two weeks after this means of defense was hastily constructed, it was strongly garrisoned by the settlers from below, as it was believed the expected Indian descent would be made by way of this trail, which was their usual route in traveling south. At last the rumor gained currency that the savages were about to invade the settlements below from another direction, and the occupants of the fort precipitately left it and retiu'ned to their defenseless families. No hostile Indians, however, ever ap- peared in this vicinity. The block-house was afterward occupied as a dwel- ling. CHURCHES. " One of the greatest sources of anxiety to the older Amrines was how to bring up their children suiTOunded by proper religious influences. It was finally resolved to organize a church here in the woods, and in 1821 the Amrine Church was organized. They had been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Belmont County, and for several years they were about the only members of the church here. Andrew was the fh'st leader and steward, and was a leader almost continually to the time of his death. John and Jeremiah were also leaders for many years. This point was at first a part of the London Circuit, and its pastors were Rev. George W. Maley and Rev. Aaron Wood. Afterward came Richard Brandriff, Rev. Shaw and many other circuit riders of pioneer days, when a circuit was two or three hundred miles around, and the preachers traveled on horseback with the old saddlebags behind them, and when, in their lonely travels, they were often soaked by the drenching rain, pelted by the rattling hail, or blinded and frozen by the driving snow; when the hungry wolf often gave him chase, and the growling bear was heard by the way. Often, very often, when the preacher was expected, has the good woman of the house sat up till late in the night, to have ready for him a warm supper after the weary day's journey. " As new settlers located in the neighborhood the membership became stronger, for nearly every one in that day near this settlement united with the class. Among the earliest members, besides the Amrines, were the West- lakes, John Donly, who was class leader for awhile, George Houser, also class leader, John Houser and Jonathan Brooks. The services were held at the cabin of Andrew Amrine, until a round-log cabin was erected a few rods south of where the church now stands. This old log building was also used as a schoolhouse. The earliest teachers were Mr. Williams, George Snodgrass and Peyton Smith. It was destroyed by fii'e, and a hewed-log church was erected on what is now a part of the Amrine Cemetery. The present Amrine Church, one and one-half miles northwest of Marysville, was built in 1853, and dedi- cated on Sunday, August 28, 1853, by Rev. S. M. Merrill. The membership is not as strong now as it was years ago. The charge is attached to the New- ton Circuit. Rev. Littell is the present pastor. A Sabbath school was oi'gan- ized about 1828, by Rev. Shaw. It is still maintained. Mount Zion United Brethren Church is located about three miles north- west of Marysville. The society was organized here nearly forty years ago Its membership was drawn largely from the Methodist Church. Rev. Fred- erick Hendricks first preached at the house of Samuel Elliott. He was fol- lowed by Rev. Snell. Soon after. Rev. William Miller organized the society. Among the earliest members were Samuel Elliott, Mrs. Elizabeth Elliott, John Elliott, Sally Beightler, Charity Moore, Emma Moore, Lydia Moore, and PARIS TOWNSHIP. 73 Weldon and Jane Elliott. A frame church was soon erected on a lot donated to the society by Samiiel Elliott. It remained the place of worship until 1876, when the present church was ei'ected. It is about 36x40 feet in size and cost about $850. It was dedicated November 26, 1876, by Bishop Weaver. It was, at the time, completely finished, including furniture, carpets and bell, and was dedicated free of all indebtedness. The membership is now about sixty. Rev. R. G. Montgomery is the pastor in charge. A successful Sabbath school has been mantained for many years. St. John's (German) Evengelical Lutheran Church had a house of worship on the extreme southern line of Paris Township for a number of years, but subsequently abandoned it and removed to Darby Township. In the history of this latter township an account of this church may be found. ELECTIONS. The first election held in Paris Township, was for the selection of a Jus- tice of the Peace, September 29, 1821. Nathan Lundy, Hezekiah Bates and Andrew Amrine were the Judges, and Ralph R. Phelps and Andrew Wood- rough, Clerks. Thirteen votes were cast, of which William Wilmuth received nine and Mathias Collins four. At the State election in the following month, only eleven votes were cast. Nicholas Hatheway for Representative, Levi Phelps for County Auditor and Robert Nelson for County Commissioner re- ceived the entire vote. The following is a complete abstract of the vote of the township for Gov- ernor. 1822— Jeremiah Morrow, 19. 1824--Jeremiah Moitow, 3; Allen Trimble, 29; total, 32. 1826— John Bigger, 3; Allen Trimble, 30; total, 33. 1828— John W. Campbell, 15; Allen Trimble, 27; total, 42. 1830 — Duncan McArthur, 48; Robert Lucas, 15; total, 63. 1832 — Darius Lyman, Whig, 34; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 50; total, 84. 1834 — James Finley, Whig, 57; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 33; total, 90. 1836 — Joseph Vance, Whig, 143; Eli Baldwin, Democrat, 70; total, 213. 1838 — Joseph Vance, Whig, 89; Wilson Shannon, Democrat, 82; total, 171 1840 — Thomas Corwin, Whig, 128; Wilson Shannon, Democrat, 80; total, 208. 1842 — Thomas Corwin, AVhig, 103; Wilson Shannon, Democrat, 87; Leicester King, Abolitionist, 9; total, 199. 1844— Mordecai Bartley, Whig, 112; David Tod, Democrat, 117; Lei- cester King, Abolitionist, 3; total, 232. 1846— William Bebb, Whig, 117; David Tod, Democrat, 114; Samuel Lewis, Abolitonist, 4; total, 235. 1848— Seabury Ford, Whig, 149; John B. Weller, Democrat, 117; scat- tering, 2; total, 266. 1850 — William Johnson, Whig, 156; Reuben Wood, Democrat, 118; Edward Smith, Abolitionist, 5; total, 289. 18 51 — Samuel F. Vinton, Whig. 148; Reuben Wood, Democrat, 129; Samuel Lewis, Abolitionist, 8; total, 285. 1853— Nelson BaiTere, Whig, 162; William Medill, Democrat, 135; Samuel Lewis, Abolitionist, 34; total, 331. 1855 — S. P. Chase, Fusionist, 171; William Medill, Democrat, 136; Allen Trimble, Know Nothing, 31; total, 338. 1857 — S. P. Chase, Republican, 117; H. B. Payne, Democrat, 163; P. Van Trump, Know Nothing, 50; total, 330. 74 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1859 — William Dennison, Republican, 135; R. P. Ranney, Democrat, 196; total, 331. 1861 — David Tod, Republican, 241; H. J. Jewett, Democrat, 149; total, 390. 1863— John Brough, Republican, 271; C. L. Vallandigham, 192; total, 463. 1865— J. D. Cox, Republican, 259; George W. Morgan, Democrat, 207; total, 466. 1867— R. B. Hayes, Republican, 267; A. G. Thurman, Democrat, 281; total, 548. 1869— R. B. Hayes, Republican, 287; G. H Pendleton, Democrat, 288; total, 575. 1871— E. F. Noyes, Republican, 325; " George W. McCook, Democrat, 272; Gideon T. Stewart, Prohibitionist, 2; total, 599. 1873— E. F. Noyes, Republican, 241; William Allen, Democrat, 302; Isaac C. Collins, Liberal Republican, 20: G. T. Stewart, Prohibitionist, 57; total, 620. 1875 -R. B. Hayes, Republican, 370; William Allen, Democrat, 370; total, 74(). 1877— William H. West, Republican, 386; R. M. Bishop, Democrat, 403; H. A. Thompson, Prohibitionist, 20: scattering, 1; total, 810. 1879— Charles Foster, Republican, 464; Thomas Ewing, Democrat, 425; Gideon T. Stewart, Prohibitionist, 21; total, 910. 1881 — Charles Foster, Republican, 481; J. W. Bookwalter, Democrat, 394; A. R. Ludlow, Prohibitionist, 35; total, 910. In 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes received, for President, 418 votes; Samuel J. Tilden received 395; Prohibition vote, 3; total, 816. In 1880, James A. Garfield, Republican, received 516; Winfield S. Han- cock, Democrat, 421; Neal Dow, Prohibitionist, 9; total, 946. The Justices of the Peace in and for Paris Township, with their respect- ive dates of commission, are as follows: William Wilmuth, September 29, 1821; Andrew Amrine, July I, 1824; Silas G. Strong. March 30, 1825; Andrew Amrine, July 31, 1827; Ira Wood, March 20, 1828; Ira Wood, March 19, 1831; Andrew Amrine, September 19, 1836; Ira Wood, April 15,1837; James Turner, August 21,1837; William H., Frank and Aquilla Turner, October 7, 1839; James Turner, June 23, J 840; William H. Fi-ank and Acpiilla Turner, October 8, 1812; James Turner, July 15, 1843; George W. Cherry, January 13, 1844; James M. Wilkinson, No- vember 6, 1841; Joshua Marshall, November 15, 1845; James Turner, June 2, 1846; James M. Wilkinson, November 17, 1847; Joshua Marshall, November 11, 1848; James Turner, June 9, 1819, resigned October 25, 1851; James Miller, November 23, 1850; John B. Coats and William Smith, November 22, 1851; John Barbour, November 18, 1853, resigned March 22, 1856; William Smith and Robert Turner, November 25, 1854; George Lincoln, April 18, 1856; John B. Coats and Seth McMahill, November 21. 1857; William H. Robb, October 26, 1858; James D. Smith, October 18, 1859; Seth McMahill, December 10, 1860; A. F. Wilkins and William M. Robinson, January 30, 1862; Seth McMahill, December 17, 1863, resigned September 21, 1866; A. F. Wilkins, John N. Rathbun and M. C. Lawrence, January 14, 1865; John Cassil, April 11, 1867; A. F. Wilkins, February 1, 1868; Wesley Garrard, April 14, 1808; William M. Robinson, October 22, 1869; A. F. Wilkins and Wesley Garrard, April 6, 1871; Tabor Randall, April 11, 1873; A. F. Wil- kins and Wesley Garrard, April 13, 1874; Hemy King and W. M. Robinson, April 10, 1876; Wesley Garrard, April 12, 1877; Edward E. Cole and Henry PARIS TOWNSHIP. 75 J. King, April 11, 1879; Wesley Garrard, April 17, 1880; John H. Kinkade and W. M. Winget, April 14, 1882. SURVEYS. The original surveys that are included within the limits of Paris Township, together with their respective areas, location, original owners, surveyors and dates of survey, are as follows: No. 1913, 800 acres, about two miles northwest of Marysville; Thomas Kennon, assignee; surveyed by Joseph Kerr May 31, 1802. Nos. 2,254 and 2,256, 1,000 acres each, southeast part of the township; Edward Dowse, assignee; surveyed by Nathaniel Massie August 21, 1798. Nos. 3,350 3,351 and 3,354, 1,087 acres each, in the eastern and central part of the township, the latter two including the site of Marysville; Edward Dowse, assignee, original proprietor; surveyed August 22 and 23, 1798, by Nathaniel Massie. Nos. 3,352 and 3,353, 800 acres each, northeast of Marysville; Edward Dowse, assignee; siu^veyed August 22, 1798, by Nathaniel Massie. No. 4,066, 750 acres, north of Marysville; John Overtoa, original pro- prietor; surveyed October 20, 1801, by Joseph Kerr. No. 4,069, 1,000 acres, south of Marysville; Elizabeth Rickman, widow of Dr. William Rickman, original proprietor; surveyed October 24, 1801, by Joseph Kerr. No. 4,072, 600 acres, in the northeast part of township; Elizabeth Rick- man, proprietor; sm'veyed by Joseph Kerr, May 31, 1802. No. 4,073, 066f acres, northwest corner of township; Elizabeth Rickman, proprietor; surveyed October 29, 1801, by Joseph Kerr. No. 4,074, 600 acres, in northwest part of township; Benjamin Biggs, assignee, proprietor; surveyed by Joseph Kerr, October 25, 1801. No. 4,075, 666f acres, in northwest part of township; Benjamin Biggs, assignee, proprietor; surveyed October 29, 1801, by Joseph Kerr. No. 5,006, 200 acres, in southwest part of township ; Bazaleel Morris, pro- prietor; surveyed November 5, 1807, by James Galloway. No. 5,053, 126 acres, in southwest part of township; Peter Manifold, as- signee, proprietor, surveyed October 18, 1807, by Duncan McArthur. No. 5,136, 800 acres, on north line of township; John Pride, heir-at-law of William Pride, proprietor; svirveyed January 23, 1807, by James Gallo- way. No. 5,138, 666§ acres, in northern part of township; Baylor Hill, proprie- tor, surveyed by James Galloway, January 7, 1807. No. 5,140, 433| acres, in southeast corner of township; Richard C. An- derson, assignee, proprietor; surveyed February 19, 1807, by James Gallo- way, Jr. No. 5,141 100 acres, in southeast corner of township; William Steele, proprietor; surveyed April 19, 1817, by James Galloway, Jr. Nos. 5,292 and 12,398, 440 acres, in southwest part of township; James Galloway, proprietor; surveyed by James Galloway, November 6, 1833. No. 5,390, 666 1 acres, northeast corner of township; Robert Means, as- signee, proprietor, surveyed by James Galloway, Jr. , May 26, 1807. No. 5,392, 642 acres, northeast part of township; Robert Means, assignee, proprietor; surveyed by James Galloway, Jr., May 28, 1807. No. 5,416, 500 acres, west of Marysville; Nathan Lamme, proprietor; surveyed December 20, 1807, by James Galloway. No. 5,503, 540 acres, on north line of township; Robert Means, assignee, proprietor; surveyed by James Galloway, Jr., July 30, 1807. 76 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. No. 5,728, 1,567 acres, on west line of township; Robert Means, assignee, proprietor; surveyed February 24, 1808, by James Galloway, Jr. . No. 1,200, 44 acres, in southwest part of township; Robert Means, as- signee, proprietor; surveyed December 18, 1823, by James Galloway, Jr. No. 12,314, 90 acres, in southwest corner of township; William Withers, proprietor; surveyed by Duncan Mc Arthur, October 22, 1824. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ABRAHAM AMRINE (deceased), an old and highly respected pioneer of Union County, was born March 13, 1818, and died June 24, 1878. He was the third son of Henry and Mary Amrine, who came to Union County in 1821. . He passed his boyhood and early life on his father's farm, and assisted him in clearing it up. September 12, 1839, he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Mackelfish, a native of Pickaway County, where she was born, April 26, 1818. Her parents, George and Malinda Mackelfish, came to this county in 1833, and settled near Rich wood, where they both ended their days; the former died August 25, 1861, and the latter April 16, 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Amrine were the parents of eleven children, of whom six are living: Mary M., wife of John Neulove; Sarah E., wife of Oliver Shaw ; Elsworth, married Elizabeth Johnson; • Henry N., married Sarah E. Wells, Martha E., wife of Lewis Bonnette, and Abraham, who mar- ried Ora Lee. In 1839, Mr. Amrine purchased 103 acres of the farm he left at his death. It was in its primeval state when he settled on it, which was in the fall of 1839. By earnest and constant labor he cleared up his farm to a cultivated state, and made additions, till he became the owner of 406 acres of valuable land, oa which he made most of the improvements. He em- barked in life with small means, and in the vvoods ; but by his untiring industry, economy and good business management he accumulated large property. He displayed a lively interest in all religious and educational matters. He aud wife were members of the Marysville M. E. Church, with which church he was identified for over forty-two years. He served in the capacity of class leader for eighteen years. He aided liberally in the erection of the M. E. Church of Marysville, witri which he was associated till his death. HENRY N. AMRINK, fiirmer, P. 0., Marysville, son of Abraham aud Nancy Amrine, was born on the homestead April 17, 1851. He was brought up to farming, and has always pursued that avocation, in connection with keeping thoroughbred Spanish Merino sheep, which he has fol- lowed the last five years with fine success, ilis marriage occurred October 3, 1872, with Miss Sarah E. Wells, a native of Licking County, where she was born February 11, 1852. Her parents were Joseph and Mary Wells. Five children were the issue of this union : Mary 0., Nancy C, Alice G., Henry C, and an infant daughter, deceased. Mr. Amrine owns a well improved firm of ninety-one acres. He is identified with the society of K. of P. and I. 0. of R. M. Politically, he is a Republican. Mr. A. is a member of the M. E. < hurch. HENRY AMRINE, a prominent farmer of Paris Township, was born on the old Amrine home- stead November 'A\, 1821. He is a son of Abram and Mary Amrine, and a grandson of , who were among the earliest pioneers of Pa"is Township, and whose history is given in the gen- eral history of the township. Mr. Amrine is the fourth son and seventh child of ten children. He passed his early life on his father's new and forest-like farm, and received his training in the common schools of the county. In 1842, soon after his marriage, he located on 100 aftres of land, whicti now constitute a part of his extensive farm. His marriage occurred April 26, 1842, to Miss Martha Irvin, daughter of William and Amelia (Evans) Irvin. The former came from Ireland with liis parents some time prior to the Revolutionary war. His father was a soldier in that war, and received wounds from which he died a short time after its close. Mrs. Irvin was born in Staunton, Va.; her parents were natives of Wales, and also emigrated to America before Revolutionary days. Mrs. Amrine is a native of Madison County, Ohio ; was born April 14, 1820. Mr. and ^Irs. Amrine were blessed wiih three children, two of whom are living, viz. : Alfred, born F'ebruary 7, 1843, marrie 1 January 12, 1869, to Miss Lucy Edson, and have two children — Nellie and ('urtis ; Mnry A., the youngest child was born January 22, 1849, and was married November 1, 1868, to 11. H. Whelpley ; they have two children— Edwin and J^imes. Asbury L., the second child, was born July 14, 1845, and died November 14, 1848. Mr. and Mrs. Amrine started in life together, like many of their pioneer cotemporaries, in limited circum- stances and with few advantages. The farm on which they settled was largely and heavily tim- bered at the time, and it was through the strongest exertions that tliey overcame the many diffi- culties and obstacles of tlieir pioneer life, and acquired for themselves a competence. By their active energy and industry they have accumulated large and valuable property, their farm con- sisting of over 700 acresof well improved land, besides largeherds of live stock. In these years of their existence their lives have not been given wholly to the accumulation of wealth ; they have displayed a deep and active interest in the religious and educational institutions of the county and State. For many years they have been prominently identified with the Old Amrine M. E. Church and its missions. They are among the largest contributors to the Ohio Wesleyati Univer- PARIS TOWNSHIP. 77 sity, having bestowed about $30,000 on that institution. Of late years Mr. Amrine has devoted his attention to raising fine eheep and horses, and has been successful in that avocation. His political affiliations have always been with the Republican party. WILLIAM P. ANDEKSON, druggist, Marysville. This gentleman was born in Mont- gomery County, Pa., .January ol, 1835. His parents, John and Sarah (Price) Anderson, were natives and residents of that county Being left an orphau at the age of five years, under the old law of Pennsylvania, was bound out to learn the saddler's trade, and when but twelve years old, had made everything in the liarness line, from a whip to a saddle ; at the age of thir- teen, engaged at farm work ; between the ages of fifteen and twenty-one. learned both tailoring and cabinet-making. The subject of this sketch came to Ohio in 1856, locating in Lancaster, Ohio, where for a short time he worked at the carpeater's trade. In 1857, was appointed one of the officers of the Ohio Penitentiary, then under the Wardenship of John Ewing, of Chilli- cothe ; resigned in 1858, and in connection with his brother-in-law, John H. Shearer, came to Marysville, Ohio, the same year, and engaged in the publication of the Marysville Tribune, and was also appointed Deputy Sheriff" under Gen. A. Wiley. In 1861, was appointed Postmaster under President Lincoln's administration. Early in 1863, was appointed Deputy Provost Mar- shall for the Eighth Congressional District, resigned both positions inl863, and enlisted in the Ninth Ohio Independent Cavalry, known as the President's Escort, or Union Light Guards. Shortly after arriving in Washington, D. C , was detailed by Col. Wisewell, Military Governor of the District, for clerical duty on general and -regular court martials. Subsequently, by special order of Secretary of War Stanton, was transferred to the War Department proper and assigned to duty in the Briefing Department, where, soon after, he was placed in charge of the briefers, which position he held until mustered out with the command. At the organization of the Thirty-ninth Congress, December, 1865, received the first appointment as one of the officers of House post office. During the last session of the Thirty ninth Congress, served as private secretary to Capt. Ira Goodno, Door-keeper of the House. In the Fortieth Congress, was ap- pointed one of the officers in (he Door-keeper's Department, and remained in the service until 1875, when he resigned. During his service in the War Department he briefed the last docu- ment ever signed by President Lincoln. In the fall of 1875 he engaged with a house in Colum- bus as a commercial traveler until 1879, when he purchased the interests of J. J. Gledhill in the drug business in this city. John W., his son, having practical experience, is associated with him. Major Anderson, as our subject is familiarly known, is a member of the Ohio State Phar- maceutical Association, Mustering Officer of the Fifteenth District of Ohio G. A. R., and has taken all the degrees of Masonry in the York and A.-. A.-. Scottish Rites, excepting the 33d. He has served as member of the City Council, and has always taken an active part in public affairs, and strongly attached to the interests of the Republican party. He was married Feb- ruary, 1858, to Miss Martha A. Kishler, daughter of John Kishler, late of Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio. John Willis and Emma E. are the fruits of this union. F. T. ARTHUR, merchant, Marysville. Charles and Harriet A. (Mealey) Arthur, the parents of our subject, were both natives of Maryland, and migrated to the West and formed a home in the early settlements of Delaware County, where she died in 1881. He is at this time a resident of Delaware, having an interest in the Delaware Woolen Mill Company, with which he was formerly connected. They were the parents of five children, four of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was born in Delaware Co., Ohio, in 1840. He was raised on a farm and received his education in the schools of that county. In August, 1862, he enlisted as private in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for the term of three years, and served in the fortunes of the Army of the Cumberland. On the battle field of Perryville, October 8, 1862, he was wounded in the left arm by a minie ball, but filled his place in the ranks until discharged by reason of disability at Franklin, Tenn., April 29, 1863, as Second Lieutenant. He re-enlisted May 2, 1864, as private in the One Hundred and Forty- fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged as Commissary Sergeant at Camp Chase, Au- gust 25, 1864, by reason of expired tenure of service. Mr. A. came to this county in 1865, and in the following year engaged in the mercantile business, which he followed until after his elec- tion to the office of County Clerk, in 1869. Toree years afterward he was re-elected to the same position, and served two terms of three years each. During this time he engaged his spare moments to the study of law, and became so proficient that he was admitted to the bar at Columbus, by the Supreme Court, January 7, 1874. At the close of his public duties he again em- barked in the mercantile trade, and occupied his present commodious store in January, 1882. He carries a large and complete stock of dry goods, and controls a fair and lucrative trade. Mr. A. was married in .May, 1863, to Miss Alice M., daughter of David and Mary E. (Hemp- stead) Welsh. One daughter, Amelia H., born to bless this union, lived through the sunny summer of her youth, and just while life was sweetest, and the brightest flowers grew about her pathway, the reaper called her home. Her demise occurred August 25, 1882. D. D. Welsh was born in Muskingham County, Ohio, August 25, 1817. He settled as a farmer near this city in 1838, and was married September 29, 1839, to Miss Mary E. Hempstead; she was born in Utica, N. Y., in 1818, and with her parents, Nathan and Polly Hempstead, came to this county in 1838. In 1843, he moved to Jackson County, Mich., where he died the following year. He was 78 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. a Captain of a company in the war of 1812, and raised a family of ten children, six of whom are siill living Mr. Welsh was one of the original stockhollers of the Marysville Bank, and dealt larcely in stock. He was left an orphan when six years of age, and was thrown upon his own resources. He made every movement available, and by perseverance and economy attained position and wealth. He was elected County Treasurer in 1801, and filled that position at the time of his death in 1803. He owned, at the time of his death, 7U0 acres of land in this county, and was a man beloved and respected by all who knew him. .JOHN BARKER, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Marysville January 12, 1830. He is a son of John Barker, of Virginia, anil vlary Hoyt Barker, a native of Pennsylvanii. They were married in the Keystone State, and came to Marysville. where they resided a short time. Mr. Barker bought 100 acres of laad on the north side uf Mill Creek, which he occupied a few years, then removed to the old Squire Amrine farm, and in 183-j located on the farm now owned and occupied by our !-uiiject. Mr. Barker died near Lewisbiirg, September 7, 1870, aged seventy-three; and Mrs. B. departed this life, October 28, 1853. in her fifty-seventh year. They had twelve children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the youngest. He was married October 29, 1857, to Harriet F. Turner, a daughter of Edmund Turner, by whom he has had two children — Edward H., born December 17, 18G2 ; and Phebe A., born February 13, 1877. Mr. Barker has always occupied the homestead, which lontains 153 acres : he also has twelve acres in Allen Township, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and in politics is Democratic. JOHN W. BARNES, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Harrison County, Ohio. June 19,1838. His parents were Levi and Susan (Rodgers) Barnes; the former was born near Baltimore, Md., and the latter in Harrison County, Ohio. They removed to Guernsey County, Ohio, when our subject was but three years of age: Mr. Barnes died in 1846 and the following year John came with his brother, William Barnes, to tiiis county and remained two years; in 1849 he returned near Cambridge and in 1850 came back to this county, where he has since re- sided, except, while in his country's service. He entered the army in July, 18G2, as a member of Company K, Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry ; after serving a year in the Western Army, he was transferred to the Department of the Gulf. He fought through the siege of Vicksburg and at Jackson, Carrion Cross Bayou. Sabine Cross Roads, Forts Gaines, Morgan, Spanish and Blakeley, and a number of minor battles ; he was discharged at Mobile, Ala., July 15, 18ti5, at the close of the rebellion. He returned home and resumeil his former avocation, which he has since followed. He was married, November, 1855, to Mrs. Catharine Hale, a widow of Jonas Hale and a daughter of Athens Oliphant. Mrs. Barnes was born in Ross County, Ohio, November 30. 1833. They were blessed wiih six children, viz.: Lydia L., wife of J. A. Bump; Roland J., married Anna Beightler ; Lorenzo D., marritd Sarah J. Spain ; Samantha J., Aaron B. and Georgiana. Mrs. Barnes had two daughters by her first husband — Sarah, wife of William Epps, and ]Mary J., wife of Stephen Pyers. Mr. Barnes made his start in life by working by the month, and what he now owns is the fruits of his own labor. His farm contains ninety-five acres, and is under a good state of cultivation ; he is by occupation a farmer and stock-raiser. He and his wife are members of the United Brethren Church; he is con- nected with the Grand Army of the Republic, and in politics is a Republican. GEORGE BEECHER. The subject of this sketch is a leading, influential citizen of Union County, was born near Utica, N. Y., April 18. 1827. His father, Zina Beecher, was born near New Haven, Conn., and was a first cousin to Lyman Beecher, thefatherof Henry Ward Beecher. His mother, Lucretia Sanford. was also born near New Haven. His parents were married in Connecticut, and moved to Herkimer Cdunty, N. V., and in 183G to Licking County, Ohio, where Mr. Beecher died September, 1868. Mrs. Beecher died February 4, 1880, at the ripe age of ninety-six years. She was a remarkably firm and intelligent lady, and retained her mental fac- ulties up to the last. She was the mother of six sons and three daughters, of whom all the sons and one daughter are living — Lucretia (deceased) ; Beri, who resides in Granville, Ohio ; Alme- lia deceased ; Lyman, who occupies the nomesteitd in Licking County ; Edwin, of Fairfield, 111.; Mary, wife of Carter Wilcox ; George, the subject of this sketch; Charles, of Cincinnati, attor- ney for the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad,and Walter, the youngest, resides in Mill Creek Township, this county. Mr. Beechei", our subject, was reared to manhood on his father's farm. For four years after he was of age, he worked for a salary of $100 per year. April 17, 1852, he came to Union County, and located on 185 acres of land in Mill Creek Township, which was in nature's original state. He cleared this farm, and continued to make additions till he now owns a body of land containing 509 acres, all of which he acquired by his untiring industry and successful business management. In the fall of 1877, he purchased forty acres adjoining the corp u-ation of Marysville on the east, and erected on it a commodious frame residence. Mr. Beecher is en- gaged extensively in rearing fine sheep, and is ranked as one of the leading sheep-raisers of the county. For the last two years he has bought and shipped draft horses to Mansfield, doing a large and successful tr.ade. He is a man of much force of character, and in the pursuits of life has been eminently successful. His marriage was celebrated January 16, 1852, with Miss Rosanna Rogers, a daughter of M. W. and Mary Rogers, formerly of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Beecher is a native of Licking County, was born July 5, 1828. Three children are the fruits of this union — Alice A., wife of Marion Taylor, Clara and Mary L. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 81 SAMUEL BEIGHLER, farmer, P. O. Marysville, eldest son of Tobias and Sarau Beighler), was born in Paris Township December 10, 1828. He was reared and brought up ou his father's farm, and was educated in the common schools. He was married April 1'2, 1849, to Miss Ann J. Fawcelt, a daughter of Jesse and Philadelphia Fawcett. They have six sons living — Asbury H., an attorney at law in Marysville ; Warren, Jasper, John, Elwood and Tobias. Mr. Beighler purchased and located on his present farm in the spring of 1858. He cleared his farm from the " stump," and has well improved it. Mr. B. and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. Politically he is a Republican. He owns a farm of ninety acres, and is en- gaged in agriculture. A. H. BEIGHTLER, attorney, Marysville. The Beightler family whose record may be found in this volume, comprises one of the most extensive connections of the pioneer settlers. The subject of this sketch is a son of Samuel and Ann J. (Fawcett) Beightler, and was born in Paris Township, Union County, in 1852. He was raised on a farm and received his primary education in the high schools of this city, where he began the study ot law in the office of R. L. Wood- burn, in 1874. He was admitted to the bar April 20th, 1877, and the s^ime year began the prac- tice of his profession in Marysville, where he has since been constantly and actively engaged. He has served the township as clerk, and since his admission to the bar has filled the office of secretary of the Agricultural Society. He is a member of the Lodge and Chapter F. & A. M. at Marysville, and of the Commandry at Urbana, and connected with the Presbyterian Church of this town. Politically Mr. B. is a stanch Republican. He was united in marriage to Miss Laura C, daughter of G. T. Borland, of Cincinnati, in 1880. Two children, Alice and Gordon R., are the issue of this union. IRA BELVILLE, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, son of Nicholas and Anna Belville, was born in Paris Township April 18, 1839. He passed his early life on his father's farm and received a common schooling. August 19, 18t31, he married Caroline .Smith, a daughter of Andrew and Jane Smith. She departed this life August 4, 1864, and August 4, 1867, Mr. Belville was a^ain married, this time to Mrs. Rachel Draper, widow of Nelson Draper (dece^ed), and daughter of Adam Shirk. Three children were the fruits of this union: Anna L., Mary R. and Ada iVIay. Mrs. Belville died June 15, 1878. She had two children by her former husband ; of these one (Biance), is living. Hannah is deceajed. In 1867, Mr. Belville took up his residence on his present farm. He is engaged in the pursuits of farming and rearing stock. His farm is located in Taylor and Liberty Townships and contains 84 acres. He has been prominently connected with the Grange, and in politics is Democratic. ROBERT BELT, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born near xMewark, Ohio, June 15, 1822. His parents, Benjamin and Rachel Crouch, were natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania respect- ively. They had nine children, of whom four are living: Leiha A. (wife of Samuel Park), Ella (wife of Asa Park), Robert and Wesley. Robert was reared on the homestead in Licking County and occupied it till 1846. In April, 1864, he came to Union County and bought 146 acres, his present farm. He was married in 1844 to Mary Park, a daughter of John and Margaret Park. She bore him ten children of whom five are living, viz.: Gilbert, George, Frank, Lucy and Ella. Alvin died October 22, 1846, Benjamin died October 21, 1864, Henry, December 1, 1864, and Isabell December 14, 1864. Mrs. Belt departed this life January 5, 1865, of typhoid fe-^er. The three children, Benjamin, Henry and Isabell, who preceded her but a few days, died from the same fever. Mr. Belt was again married, January 29, 1866, to .Mrs. Mary C. Wells, widow of Joseph Wells, and daughter of Ezekiel and Sarah Cunningham. Mrs. Belt was born in Lick- ing County September 2, 1832. She had two children by her first husband ; one (Sarah E.) is living, now wife of Henry N. Amriue. Mr. Belt has cleared and well improved his farm which was covered with woods when he located on it in 1864. He has been a successful farmer; of late years he has devoted especial attention to rearing fine sheep. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church of Marysville. He is associated with the Masonic fraternity, and in politics is a supporter of Republican principles and doctrines. He owns a farm of 148 acres, with good improvements, located near Marysville. TOBIAS BIGLER (or Beighler), was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1805. He is a son of George and Elizabeth (Lookenbill) Beighler, who were natives of Pennsylvania. The original name was spelled Beighler, but wjas subsequently changed to Bigler and since to Beightler. The name is of German origin, the grandfather of our subject having emigrated from Germany to the United States prior to the American Revolution. Tobias, the subject of this sketch, is the second son and fifth child of a. family of eight children, of whom two are living, viz.: George, Elizabeth, Solomon, Rebecca, Sophia, Tobias, Sallie and Enoch. When our sub- ject was four years of age, his parents removed to Licking County, Ohio, and the following j ear to Fairfield County, where he spent his boyhood and early manhood. He worked by the montli at the small salary of $7 till he came to this county in the latter part of 1825. He "squatted " on land owned by James Dines for a short time then purchased one hundred acres of woodland for which he paid $450. He cleared the site for his house. His dwelling place for several years was in the solitude of nature's wild dominion which was the habitation of the deer, wolf and bear. Mr. Bigler began the work of clearing and improving his farm and making additions to his original purchase till his farm now contains 225 acres ; of this 215 acres are well-improved 82 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. and under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Bigler was married January, 1827, to Miss Sarah Aairine, a daughter of John and Ornzie Amrine, and a native of Pennsylvania. Twelve children were the fruits of this union ; of these eight are living, viz.: Samuel, Mary A., Andrew, John, Eliza, Daniel, Harrison and James M.; Abraham, Lewis, Solomon and George are deceased. Mrs. Bigler died March 25, 1862, and June 5, 1862, Mr. B. celebrated his second marriage with Nancy Burrows, daughter of Jeremiah and Mary A. Burrows. Of two children by this marriage one (Wilson H.) is living. Nancy is deceased. Mr. Bigler is one of the sturdy old pioneers of Union County ; he located within its limits when an almost unbroken forest, with no capital save his energy, whicti he diligently displayed in hewing down the monarchs of the forests and clear- ing up his farm. The broad acres with all their wealth of soil and improvements are tlie fruits of his years of arduous toil and industry. He is now bordering on the seventy-eighth year of his age, but is in possesjus, Ohio, in 1855. WESLEY GARKARD, merchant, Marysville. This establishment was opened to the public by its present proprietor, November 19, 1858, at that time located in a building on the present site of the Farmers' Bank. This institution gained notoriety, and became widely known as the Buck-horn Store, by the sign of the horns over the door. The stock consists of groceries, hard- ware and notions — in fact any article not to be found elsewhere, from a wooden tooth-pick to an anvil, may be had at Garrai-d's. He purchased the premises of his present location, which he occupied in 1872. His stock is complete, and his trade solid and substantial. Mr. Garrard i'< a native of Harmony Township, Clark Co., Ohio, where he was born June 9, 1839 ; he is the only child of Joseph and Lucy (Allen) Garrard, the former a son of Jacob Garrard, a native of Penn- sylvania, and a pioneer of Clark County. He afterward moved to Madison County, where he died. The maternal grandparent, Elijah Allen, was a nitive of \irginia, a soldier in the war of 1812, and among the pioneers of JNIadison County. The parents of our subject moved with the family to this city, where he, .Joseph, lived to the close of his life, November 23, 1880. He was a social, genial, warm-hearted, home-loviog man, who left a host of friends to mourn his loss. The wife and mother, who survives, is in the sixty-seventh year of her age. Mr. Garrard has been elected Justice of the Peace several terms, and will serve until April, 1883. He was Mayor of this city six .years, and is serving the second term on the School Board at the present time, July, 1882, also serving the third year as School Trustee, and is an honored member of the Masonic order. His marriage to Miss Dorcas Cheney, of Jackson Township, Union County, was celebrated in 1859. Three children born to this union are all living, viz., Frank H., Pearl C. and Clyde E. SAMUEL G. GILCRIST, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, February 1, 1337. He is a son of Thomas C. and Eleanor (Guthrie) Gilcrist, the former a na- tive of Brooke County, W. Va., and the latter of Harrison County, Ohio; his father was born August 1, 1812; his parents, William and Jane (Smith) Gilcrist, were among the earliest settlers 106 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. of Belmont County; they removed to Greene County about 1840, where they both died. Thomas C. Gilcrist married Ellen Guthrie, who bore him eight children, viz. — Samuel G., the subject of this sketch; William S.; Austin ; Adalaide, wife of William .V. HoUenback ; Elizabeth J., wife of B. F. James; Robert A.; Mary R., wife of Nathan HoUenback, and Thomas F. Mr. and Mrs. Gilcrist resided in Harrison and Greene Counties till 1855, when they located in Mill Creek Township, this county, and the following year removed to Bureau County, 111., where Mrs. G. died .January 14, 18()2. Samuel G. our subject, was reared to manhood by his parents, and was educated in the common schools and high schools of Princeton, 111.; he followed teaching, of winters, for ten years ; in 186"2 he removed to Marshall County, 111., and in 1865 returned to Union County and located on the farm that he now occupies. His marriage occured September 9, 1802, with Miss Elizabeth Longbrake, a daughter of Levi Longbrake, one of the wealthiest citizens of Union County. Mrs. Gilcrist was born in Paris Township, September 30, 1844. Four children were the fruits of this union — Franklin M., born April 22, 1865 ; Levi L., born February 14, 1868; Ellen G., born May lo, 1872, and Samuel S., born August 3, 1878. Mr. Gilcrist owns a productive and well improved farm of 226 acres. He is engaged in tlie pursuits of agriculture and rearing fine stock, and ranks as one of the successful farmers of the county. He and wife are associated with the Disciples' Church, and are also connected with the Grange, with which ^Ir. Gilcrist has been prominently identified since its organization. He is now serv- ing the fourth year as .Master and has also filled various other offices of that Order. He is a member of the Board of Township Trustees, and in politics is Republican. ^IICHAEL GUNDERMAN, farmer. P. 0. Marysville, was born in Germany, April 18, 1826 ; at the age of ten yeai's his parents. George P. and Sophia Guncerman, emigrated to America and settled in Hamilton, Ohio, where they resided til! 184(>and removed to Union County. ^Ir. Gunderman died in Marysville .Tune 15, 1868, and ^Irs. G., December, 1876. Michael is the eldest of eight children; he was reared to manhood on a farm and married. January 27, 1857, to Miss Elizabeth B. a daughter of John W. and Elizabeth B. Borger. Mrs. G. was born in Germany, January 10, 1886. Their nine children are as follows : Anna M., wife of John Tear- gardener, Elizabeth M., Anna M., John G , John K., Anna B., Lydia, John W. and John M. "When ^Ir. G. was sixteen, he started for himself at wages of $3 per month, and now owns 105 acres of fine land. He is by occupation a farmer; for thirty-five years he followed the carpenter trade. Politically he is Democratic ; he and family are members of the Lutheran Church. HON. CORNELIUS S. HAMILTON (deceased). This gentleman, the circumstances of whose tragic death are well-remembered by the citizens of Union County, for many years occu- pied a very prominent position in his county and State. He was chosen to represent the Eighth Congressional District of Ohio, in the fall of 1866, and at the time of his death, December 22, 1867, was yet a member of the National Legislature. The editor of the Marysville Tribune wrote of him as follows : •'No event has ever occurred in our midst that has cast so deep a gloom over our community as the death of Hon. C. S. Hamilton. He was one of the few men living of whom it might have been said in truth that ' he had no enemy.' He was always foremost in every enterprise de- signed to build up the interest of Marysville, as well as the entire county. He has left behind him monuments of enterprise that will call up his name for generations to come. He sympa- thized deeply with every work of charity designed to allay the miseries of others, or to carry on the religious enterprises of the day, and his purse and heart were ever open to all calls made upon 'him at home and from abroad. It has been truthfully said of him by a cotempirary that he was ' a man of decided convictions and an iron man, and had an impatience amounting to al- most intolerance on half-way measures.' No one was ever in doubt as to the po«ition of Mr. Hamilton on any question. He was a radical in every sense of the term, believing firmly in the doctrine that no truth could be safely compromised with error; and thus believing, he acted upon the principle of rejecting any compromise which would have the least tendency to thwart any salutary end desired to l>e secured. This characteristic was backed by a judgment that never failed to inspire confidence in his views and sentiments. He possessed innate powers of mind, and such a clear conception of right as enabled him to grasp everything he desired to accomplish and give it a practical turu, and every opposition manifested to what he considered to be right and proper only tended to develop a force of character which was irresistible. He was no dog- matist, but was always willing to hear the suggestions and opinions of others. He was one of the comparatively few public men whose mind was schooled to travel in the right direction from a high sense of honor. This gave him a strong hold on the atfeciions of the people, which they at diiferent times acknowledged by electing him to responsible positions in the State and Nation. Few men to our knowledge have combined more of good trails and less evil ones than Mr. Ham- ilton. He was the noblest work of God — ' an honest man.' Thera was not a heart in Union County that was not touched bj' his untimely death. We are passing through a season of sorrow and gloom such as we have never witnessed. The town and count3% as well as the family and friends, are bereaved of one whom to know was to love and respect, and his name and virtues will he cherished for long years to come." Mr. Hamilton was the first person sent to Congress from Union (^ounty. He had been long PARIS TOWNSHIP. 107 an honored member of the bar of his county, and, at a meeting of that body shortly subsequent to his death, resolutions of respect were tendered to his memory, and earnest and heartfelt sym- pathy to his family. In Congress, the news of his death was received as a great shock, while the press of Washington City and other prominent points united in paying tribute to the memory of the good man fallen iu the midst of his life-work. Hon. William Lawrence, of Ohio, a fellow- congressman, performed the duty of announcing his death in the House of Representatives, and in the coui-se of his remarks gave the following facts in the history of the deceased : " Cornelius Springer Hamilton was born January 2, 1821, in the Township and County of Mu.skingum, in the State of Ohio, where he resided with his parents until they and he removed to Union County eai-ly in 1839. His father and paternal grandfather were men of commanding personal presence, fervent piety, and much native force of intellect. An uncle. Rev. Samuel Hamilton, was, in the early pan of his life, and perhaps to the age of fifty years, a man of very superior gifts. The mother of the deceased — of the family of the Springers — like her kinsmen, was distinguished by great force of character. She was diffident, quiet, with deep piety, untir- ing energy, and strong, vigorous intellect. The paternal and maternal ancestors belonged to the class of independent farmers. The father died only a few months since in the seventy-ninth year of his age ; and though he raised twelve children, ten sons and two daughters, every one of whom when the youngest reached majority, yet it is said — and truly — that he did not live long enough ever to have heard one of his children swear an oath, to see one chew or smoke tobacco, or to know of one ever having been intoxicated, or even to have taken a dram at a place of pub- lic drinking. The energy, industry and pure morality of the parents were inherited by their children, including the deceased. Up to his eighteenth year, he labored assiduously on the pa- ternal farm in Muskingum, with the ordinary advantages of common schools for two or three months each winter during the latter half of this period. After the removal to Union County, for two years he directed and with great energy and determination assisted the labor by which the father's newly-acquired forest of 1,500 acres was in rapid process of being converted into de- lightful farms. During his twentieth and twenty-fir.st years, he devoted about eighteen months ■with great industry in improving his education at Granville College. He early gave evidence of superior intellectual power, and during the years of his farm labor he was a daily student of history, biography, or other works. His early but well-read library consisted of Weem's Life of Washington, the Life of Marion, History of Western Adventures, Goodrich's History of the United States, histories of Rome and Greece, and American Biography, to which were added by his uncle. Rev. C. Springer, .Johnson's Rambler, Boswell's Life of Johnson, and the Spectator. Upon the removal to the forest home in Union County, a good supply of works of standard poets was added — those of Pollock, Milton, Shakespeare, Pope, Goldsmith, Campbell, Lamb, Kirke White and Rogers, not omitting Burns. Though few, if any, surpassed Mr. Hamilton on that great forest farm in daily labor, yet he was a devoted and industrious student of these great masters. He realized the necessity of great application to develop the mind and store it with abundant knowledge, and he has illustrated the words of a great author of antiquity : " ' Nil sine magno. Vita labore dedid mortalibus ; ' " or, as Wirt has, with some latitude, translated it into his own almost unrivaled eloquence : ' There is no excellence without great labor. It is the fiat of fate from which no power of genius can absolve.' "The age of twenty-two found this rising man a fine English scholar, with a rare knowledge of the authors I have named, and of that book of books, the Bible, which a father's care and a mother's love had earnestly and always taught him to study, to reverence, and to obey ; whose precepts he accepted and through life made a rule of practice and of faith by practice, rather than in professions, or in adherence to any particular and established school of doctrine. Of him it may be truly said, ' he loved virtue for virtue's sake,' and with a firm belief in the truths of Christianity his ' life was in the right.' " He continued his agricultural pui'.-uits up to about the year 1847. In the meantime, about 1845, he held the ofiBce and performed the duties of Land Appraiser and Assessor in his county. In 1850, he was elected a member of the Constitutional Convention which, during its sittings in 1850 and 1851, framed the present Constitution of the State of Ohio. He was soon after admitted to the bar and engaged in the practice of the law. About the same time, he be- came the editor and proprietor of the Marysville Tribune, which he conducted with marked ability, contributing much to mold the political and moral sentiment of the community in which he resided. In 1856 and 1857. he represented his district in the Senate of Ohio with a fidelity and an ability which secured for him a high reputation throughout the State. During the first session, he was made chairman of a committee intrusted with the important duty of investigat- ing certain alleged frauds connected with the leasing of the public works of the State. His in- vestigations and researches were prominent topics of discussion by the press and political parties, but the concurrent testimony of all connected with them is that he dared to do what he conceived to be his duty, and no party fealty could induce him to swerve from that, whatever might be the peril to him personally or to the party whose general principles he supported. In the discus- sions to which this led he wielded a pen the power of which has never, perhaps, been more for- 108 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY, cibly felt in any State controversy ; but it belongs rather to the history of Ohio than to especial consideration here. When the national internal revenue act of July 1, 1802, was put in operation, he was appointed by President Lincoln Assessor of the Eighth Congressional District of Ohio, and performed the duties of the office with an ability, energy and fidelity which commanded the public approval and the confidence of all in his unsullied integrity. After the Philadelphia Con- vention of 1866. being opposed to the policy of President .Johnson, he was relieved of the posi- tion he had so well and so faithfully filled. In August, 1866, he was nominated as a candidate for Congress in the Eighth Ohio District, and in October of that year was elected over his com- petitor by over 1,800 majority. " While engaged in his duties here as a member of the present Congress, during the past month, he was notified by his wife that one of their sons was seriously aflBicted with indications of insanity. He immediately repaired to his home to find his worst fears realized. On Satur- day, December 21, he harl made arrangements to remove the insane son to an asylum on the Monday following. On the m orning of the next day, the Sabbath, while engaged in feeding his stock, the son, in a fit of frenzy, bereft, of reason and unconscious of crime, with a strip of plank struck the fatal blows which, fracturing the skull of his father, produced instant death. This son is described in perhaps the last letter ever written by our departed colleague, thus : ' He has been one of the most quiet, industrious aud exemplary boys I ever knew, and my chief reli- ance for the management of my affairs and the control of my other children in my absence.' " Thus passed away, in the prime of manhood, by a sad calamity, just as he had entered on an enlarged sphere of usefulness, one among the able and useful men of the Nation, honored and beloved by all who knew him. Few men in Ohio wielded an abler pen, or wielded it from higher convictions of duty, than did Mr. Hamilton. ***** When the Thirty-ninth Congress commenced the discussion of the great work of reconstruction, ^Ir. Hamilton wrote and published a masterly pamphlet in favor of extending suffrage to men in all the late insurgent States, regardless of race or color. It attracted %vide attention and produced a deep effect on the public mind, being at the time of its publication in advance of public opinion. * * * " He has passed from earth to the ' sublinier views of another and a better world which Christianity has unfolded with such inexpressible glory — where this corruptible shall put on in- corruption aud this mortal shall put on immortality.' Men pass away, but the lofty spirits that conceive, and, from right motives, execute good works here, these cannot pei'ish : " 'These shall resist the empire of decay. When time is o'er and worlds have passed away ; Cold in the dust the perished heart may lie. But hat which warmed it once can never die.' "Mr. Speaker, I move the adoption of the following resolutions which I send to the Clerk's table : ^'Resolved, That in the death of Hon. Cornelius S. Hamilton, late Representative in Congress from the Eighth District of Ohio, this House has lost a worthy and ust'ful member, the country a most estimable citizen, and his family, relatives and associates a steadfast and valued friend. " Resolved, That, to give expression to our due appreciation of the talents, attainments and patriotism of the deceased, and to indicate their regret and sorrow for his lamented death, the members of this House will wear ihe usual badge of mourning for thirty days. " Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the Journal of the House of Eepresenta- tives, and that a copy thereof be sent by its Clerk to the family of the deceased. " Resolved, That, as a mark of respect for the memory of the deceased, this House do now adjourn." The announcement of Mr. Hamilton's death was made to (he Senate by Mr. McPherson, Clerk of the House, and the members also adopted similar resolutions to those passed in the House. Mr. Hamilton was married to Miss Louisa Vansant, in Muskingum County, Ohio, and left the wife and six children, three sons and three daughters, to mourn him. He was the fifth in descent from Charles Christopher Springer, the Swede, of Wilmington, Delaware, so favorably referred to by Clay in his Annals of the Swedes, and by Ferris in his Original Settlers on the Delaware. I. N. HAMILTON, physician, Marysville. Dr. Hamilton is a descendant of a State pioneer family. His father, William Hamilton, was a native of Virginia, from which State he moved to Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1800, being among the first settlers to fell the trees and clear a cabin spot in Springfield Township. He served the county some years as Commissioner, and became widely and popularly known. He was a zealous worker in the cause of Christianity, and devoted many years as a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He grounded the first Methodist organization west of the Alleghanies, at Janesville, Ohio, aud fartlier ex- tended his labors in making long circuits. In 1838, he purchased 1,500 acres of land in Clai- bourne Township, Union County, upon which he afterward moved and settled with his family. The tract was a dense forest, and he, with his boys, set to work felling timber for a clearing. Large sugar trees yielded a good crop of sugar and molasses, which was followed by the first sown crop of corn, and the work of clearing went on until 500 acres of dense forest had given way to smiling fields, and his acres of woodland rapidly gave place to acres of wheat. On this PARIS TOWNSHIP. Ill farm he lived and toiled and sorrowed and rejoiced for thirty years, and in the bosom of it his body now rests in peace. He was the original organizer of the Methodist Protestant Church of Richwood, in 1838, and founded similar institutions at Essex, Pharisburg, Scioto and other points. At the time of his death, in 1868, he was in the seventy-eighth year of his age. His first marriage, to Miss Elizabeth Ewing, occurred in Virginia ; she died leaving four children. His second wife, Lydia Springer, was a native of Virginia, who died after bearing eight children. The subject of this sketch was the seventh son of William and Lydia (Springer) Hamilton, and was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, June 25, 1828. He was raised on a farm and learned to labor with his hands. He received the common school education of his day, and gave much of his f pare time to the study of medicine. He remained on the farm until twenty-two yen-s of age, and in 1852 entered upon a course of study in Starling Medical College. SubsequeLtly, he began the practice of his profession at Amity, Madison Co., Ohio. Two years later, he re- moved to Unionville, Union County, and in 1862 he returned to the college for graduation. The Doctor became a resident physician of Marysville, in 1868, being in constant practice since that time. He enlisted in 1862, as private in the three mouths' call of the Eighty-sixth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, and was detailed Surgeon of the regiment, in which rank he served the call. He has been Examining Surgeon for pensioners, the past twelve years, served this city in its Council, is a member of the School Board, a tried member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the G. A. R. Also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Doctor was married in 1850, to Miss Margaret C. a daughter of Michael Cramer, a pioneer of Union County, where she was born. Six children were born to this union, three of whom are living, viz.: Charles S., Frank N. and Michael N. The eldest son, George 0., died at the residence of his parents, on Friday, September 1, 1882. He was a member of the Franklin County bar, and after his death a meet- ing of the bar was held at Columbus, with a full attendance, appropriate speeches were made and a touching memorial prepared. He was born .January 11, 1851, and spent two years read- ing law in the office of Piper & Robinson, at Marysville, after which he attended Harvanl Law School. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of the State, May 27, 1874, and shortly afterward formed a partnership with Col. M. C. Lawrence, then one of the leading law- yers of Union County. In October, 1877, he went to Columbus as a member of the firm of Hamilton & Henderson, and continued in the practice there until compelled to give it up by reason of failing health. In July, 1878, his health began failing, and for two years thereafter he struggled to maintain his place at the bar, but in vain ; and at Inst was compelled to give it up and return to his home, where he died COL. JOSEPH G. HAWKINS, deceased, was born in Goshen, Litchfield County, Conn., January 11, 1828. His fotber, Joseph Hawkins, was a native of that State and a relative of the Grants, the immediate ancestors of Gen. U. S. Grant. His mother, whose maiden mame was Submitt L. French, was also a native of the said State. When Joseph was a mere infant, his father, with his family, consisting of himself, wife and the subject of this sketch, came to Ohio, and settled in Summit County, near the town of Hudson, where he purchased a farm and com- menced business as a farmer, dairyman and stock raiser. The mother of Joseph died when he was about two years of age. His father again married and continued to reside on the farm first purchased by him, until his death, which occurred in August, 1872. Here Joseph lived, at- tended school and worked on the farm during his early years. His education was chiefly ob- tained in the common schools, with some time spent at the " Bissel School," near Hudson, finish- ing with a term or two at Chester Academy, in Geauga County. He continued with his father until May, 1847, when he enlisted at Columbus in the company commanded by Capt. M. C. Lilley, Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Col. C. H. Brough commanding. The regi- ment, was ordered to Mexico, going first to Matamoras, and, after a short stay, to Vera Cruz, which was reached on September 18th. From Vera Cruz, with the forces under Gen. Joe Lane, he marched toward the City of Mexico, participating in all the battles fought by Lane's command until reaching Puebla, from which place the regiment turned back, by reason of the expiration of the term of its enlistment, having been in service fourteen months, two more than the term for which it had been originally enlisted. Mr. Hawkins returned to his home, and again en- gaged in labor on his father's farm, where he continued until November 20. 1849, when he was united in marriage with Miss Isabel Jane Smart, oldest daughter of Col. William Smart, of Delaware County, Ohio, an estimable young lady, with whom he happily lived up to the break- ing out of the rebellion. To them were born two children, a son and a daughter; Leroy S., born September 1, 1851, developed into an amiable, sprightly lad and died April 7,1864. Submitt C, the daughter, is now living, is an intelligent and well-educated young woman, the wife of Mr. Charles Kelsey, of Marysville. The widow and mother of these children resides in Delaware, Ohio, and receives a pension from the Government. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Hawkins settled on a farm, in Summit County, whei-e for about three years he engaged in farming and dairy business. He moved to Marysville January, 1852, and engaged in the grocery trade ; but finding this occupation not congenial to his taste and habits of life, he soon abandoned it, and engaged in various pursuits of a more active nature, being constantly emplo^"ed in some of the various branches of industry, up to the time of the attack on Fort Sumter. On receiving the 112 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. intelligence of this act of treason and rebellion against the Government, his patriotic soul became fired with indignation. He forlhwith prepared a roll, inscribed his name thei-eon, and, mainly by his own exertions, raised a company, for the three months' service, under the call of the President for 75,000 men. On the organization of the company, he was unanimously elected Captain, and the organization completed by electing M. C. Lawrence as First Lieutenant, and Isaiah Slocum Second Lieutenant. This being done, Capt. Hawkins went to Columbus, reported to the proper authorities, and his company was accepted for duty, to report at Camp Jackson at the eariiest moment practicable. His purpose being made known, the citizens of Marysville resolved the departure should be signalized by appropriate services. The patriotic ladies of Marysville resolved that they would not be outdone, and decided to present a flag to the company when ready for camp. With commendable zeal and industry they set to work; they readily found material for the red and blue, but nothing suitable for the white was obtainable at the stores. M ss Emily A. Carter, an estimable, patriotic young lady, was the fortunate possessor of a beautiful dress of the desired material, which she generously donated, and in due time the flag was completed. It was arranged that on the morning of April 25, 1861, the company should meet the citizens at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and after appro- priate ceremonies, the flag be presented. Accordingly, as designated, the citizens assembled, the company filed in and took seats reserved for them ; brief addresses followed, and an appro- priate and fervent prayer by Rev. James Smith, at the conclusion of which the company was drawn up in line in front of the church, where the flag was presented, with a most eloquent, stirring and patriotic address, on behalf of the ladies, delivered by Miss Mary Coe, now the wife of Maj. R. R. Henderson, Minneapolis, INIinn. Lieut. Slocum received the flag, on behalf of the company, and responded in a feeling manner, and in words fitly chosen. Then came the leave-taking between the soldiers and their families, after which the company fell into line, marched to the depot, and were soon off for Columbus. Reaching the city, it marched to Camp Jackson and was assigned to the Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, then nearly full. On organizing, A. Sandeis Pratt was commissioned as Colonel, Columbus B. Mason, Lieutenant Colonel, and Joseph G. Hawkins, Major. On May 9, the regiment reached Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati, where it was re-organ- ized and enlisted for three years. On re-organization, W. S. Smith, an officer who had served in the regular army, was commissioned as Colonel, Lieut. Col. Mason and Maj. Hawkins retain- ing their former positions. June 30, the regiment was ordered to West Virginia to re-enforce Gen. McClellan, and accordingly proceeded, by wsxy of the Ohio River, reaching Parkersburg, Va., on the 1st of July, one thousand strong. July 14, the regiment boarded cars on the Park- ersburg Branch Railroad for Oakland, Md., and from thence marched to Greenland Gap. On arriving at that place, no enemy being found, the regiment returned, by way of Oakland, to Clarksburg, Va., thence to Sutton, on Elk Paver, and went into camp on the hills, where it was joined by infantry and artillery, so that the combined force amounted to about five thousand. During the stay here, the Thirteenth was occupied in picket duty and scouting. Early in Sep- tember, the army under command of Gen. W. S. Rosecrans set out in pursuit of a large force under the rebel Gen. John B. Floyd, and came up with him on the 10th, strongly intrenched at Carnifax Ferry, where a fierce and hotly contested battle was fought, in which the Thirteenth was engaged, occupying the extreme left of the line. In this engagement the Thirteenth, both officers and men, exhibited such coolness and bravery that it won the lasting respect of the commanding General, and thereafter he regarded it with much favor. There, Col. John W. Lowe, of the Twelfth, fell early in the action, and later in the day, Col. William H. Lytle, of the Tenth, was severely wounded. Here also fell the first Union County soldier killed in the serv- ice UD to this time — Ransom Reed, of Maj. Hawkins' old company. The enemy retreated during the night and their works were taken possession of by the Union troops early next morning, and soon thereafter the Thirteenth took up a position at Gawley Bridge. While here, Maj. Hawkins, on October 25, was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, to succeed Lieut. Col. C. B. Mason, resigned. The Thirteenth now formed a part of Beuham's brigade, and with it, on November 6, crossed the Kanawha River, and camped at Loup (]reek, where McMuUen's battery joined the brigade, and on November 12 the whole force set out in pursuit of Floyd, then in command of the entire rebel army operating in West Virginia. On this march. Col. Hawkins, with his regi- ment, led the advance, and came up with the rear of the rebel army in full retreat, at or near Cotton Hill. Col. Hawkins deployed skirmishers, while he steadily advanced, delivering a well directed fire into the rebel ranks at short range. The skirmishers, in the mean time, were hotly engaged, one of whom shot and mortally wounded Col. Croghan, in command of the rebel rear. Col. Hawkins soon came up, and assisted in conveying the wounded and dying officer into a house near by, and proffered medical aid, to which the Confederate Colonel replied: " Sir, you can do nothing for mc." At this time Gen. Benham came up, and recognizing in the dying man a once dear friend and class-mate at West Point, with a voice tremulous with emo- tion exclaimed : " My God ! Croghan, is this you?" The recognition was mutual, and was af- terward described by Col. Hawkins to the writer as the most affecting scene he had ever wit nessed, which soon ended in death — Col. Croghen expiring within thirty minutes. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 113 The rebels immediately fled on the fall of Croghan, were followed by the Union troops as far as Fayetteville, through which Floyd passed and kept up his flight until he reached Louis- burg. Fayetteville was found deserted, and the pursuing forces halted and occupied the houses of the place during their stay there. The Union forces turned back from this place, and having driven the entire rebel forces from West Virginia, were ordered to JeflFersonville, Ind., near Louisville, Ky., to which point they were conveyed by way of the Ohio River on transports, the Thirteenth going into camp immediately opposite the latter place. As the army removed from West Virginia, Col. Hawkins obtained leave of absence and visited his family at his home in Marysville, it being his first since going into West Virginia, and proved to be the last as well. He remained a few weeks, mingling in friendly intercourse with his old friends and fellow-citi- zens, and during the time united with the Presbyterian Church of Marysville, and remained true to its teachings and precepts to the end of life. On December 11, his regiment received orders to join Gen. Buell, then about to march southward in pursuit of Bragg. Col. Hawkins hastened to join his regiment, and came up with it on the march, below Louisville; marched with it, first to Elizabethtown, thence to Bacon Creek, where a few days were spent in a thorough and rigid drill in order to better prepare the men for the bloody conflict anticipated in the near future. February 10, 1862, he received orders to march on Bowling Green, a strongly fortified place occupied by a large rebel force under Gen. .John C. Breckenridge. He immediately pushed forward with his command and entered the place on the 15th, it having been evacuated on the appi'oach of the Union forces. On the 22d, he was ordered, with his regiment, to proceed by cars on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, and head the advance of Buell's army, then mov- ing against Nashville, which place was reached on the 26th ; crossed the Cumberland and camped about two miles beyond on the Murfreesboro pike. About this time. Col. Hawkins assumed the command of the regiment, in the absence of Col. Smith, who was then, or soon thereafter, pro- moted to Brigadier General. March 1, he was ordered, with the Seventeenth Brigade, to which his regiment was then attached, to proceed to Lavergne,to aid a detachment of Federal troops that had been attacked by the rebels. The enemy retreated on the approach of re-enforcements, and the regiment returned to camp. March 10, CoL Hawkins was ordered to report with his regiment to Gen. Crittenden, and April 2, with that division, joined the forces under Gen. Buell, then marching to re-enforce Grant at Pittsburg Landing. On this march the troops suffered many hardships. It was excessively fatiguing, yet borne with fortitude and cheerfulness by all. On the evening of April 5, the column under Buell was forty miles from Pittsburg Land- ing. Marching was resumed early on the morning of the 6th, and, as soon as the sound of the battle was heard, the speed of the column was accelerated, and Savannah was reached some time in the afternoon, which is about ten miles from the scene of the conflict. From Savannah, Nel- son's Division took the advance, closely followed by Crittenden's Division. On reaching Pitts- burg Landing, the division under Crittenden was formed in line of battle on the right of Nelson's command, where it remained during the entire night, witbout food or shelter, officers and men lying on their arms, and resting on the damp ground. To add to their discomfort, a cold, driz- zling rain set in, that contnued through a part of the night. About 8 o'clock, on the morning of April 7, the order was given to advance. Col. Hawkins, with his regiment, soon became hotly engaged with a heavy force of rebels, supported by the famous Washington Battery of New Or- leans. He ordered a charge, and led it against this battery in a hand-to-hand struggle, and the battery was taken. Col. Hawkins sprang from his horse, and finding it impossible to take the guns off the field, the horses attached being killed, he spiked one of the guns, and then with soft mud so completely filled and stopped up the others, that the entire battery was rendered useless for a long time thereafter, in consequence of the mud being hardened like bricks in solidity, by the intense heat of the guns. Soon after the capture of this battery the enemy retreated, and the battle of " Shiloh" was fought and won. The Thirteenth Regiment lost heavily in this en- gagement, in killed, wounded and missing. Of the officers, Maj. Ben. P. Runkle and Capt. R. R. Henderson were severely wounded, and Capt. Isaac R. Gardner soon after died from the effects of wounds received. Silas Kimball and Felix Field, two brave soldiers from Union County, mem- bers of Hawkins' old company, were killed and buried on the field. Soon after this, Col. Hawkins was promoted to Colonel, his commission dating April 7, 1862, the day on which he was engaged in the battle of Pittsburg Landing. He next led his command on Cor- inth, which place was evacuated by the enemy on May 31. He then joined Buell in his advance on Cbattanooga, crossed the Tuscumbia River on .June .5, crossed the Tennpssee to Florence, Ala., and proceeded to Shallow Creek, and from thence to Huntsville, reaching the latter place on July 1, after a fatiguing march, in which both officers and men endured great hardships from dust, exposure to a broiling Southern hun, and nearly famishing from thirst. After this, the regiment was engaged for a short time on detached duty, guarding the Chattanooga Railroad, and on the IGth joined the division at Stephenson, Ala., and went into camp at Battle Creek, where it re- mained until August 20. On the above mentioned date the regiment was ordered to advance in pursuit of Bragg, who had left Chattanooga and was well on his way toward Louisville. Such was the celerity of move.ment, that Louisville was reached in-advance of the rebel forces, the Union troops having passed Bragg's army on a parallel road, reaching the city September 26. On this march the soldiers endured suffering, fatigue and privations scarcely equaled in the his- 11-4 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. tory of human endurance, all of which wat^ borne without a murmur, and was shared equally by oflBcers as well as privates. After a much needed rest, ogain pushed forward, on October 1, in pursuit of Bragg. On the 8th, McCook and Kosseau came up with him near Perryville, Boyle County, Ivy. A severe and bloody engagement ensued. Col. Hawkins with his regiment in Critt»nden's Division, forming the right thereof, pur- sued the retreating rebels, under Bragg, from Perryville, through the valley of Rock Castle River; November 8, reached Glasgow, having accomplished the distance by forced marches in twelve days. On reaching Nashville, the Thirteenth encamped and rested for a brief time from its late fatiguing march. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, abrave and accomplished officer, having on October 30, 186:2, been assigned to the command of the Army of the Ohio, to tucceed Buell, joined the forces near Nashville prior to the arrival of the Thirteenth. December 2, reviewed the Fifth Divisicn of which the Thirteenth formed a part. Gen. Rosecrans recognized the Thirteenth as a part of his command of the preceding year; paid it a high compliment for its soldierly appearance, at the same time reminding the officers and men that he bore some very pleasing remembrances of the " Old Thirteenth," as he was pleased to call it, while serving under him in West Virginia. On the morning of December 20, the Thirteentb, with Crittenden's Division on the left, Thomas the center, and McCook the right, made the grand advance. The Thirteenth, being in the advance of the division, met and defeated Wheeler's Cavalry, after a severe fight. Two of this regiment were killed, several wounded, and Lieut. Bates, of Company B, taken prisoner. The enemy was forced back, and Lavergne was reached on the morning of the 27th, on which day that town was evacuated by the enemy. The 28th, being Sunday, was observed as a day of rest by the entire army, by order of Gen. Rosecrans. On the 29th the march was resumed, the whole line advancing toward Stone River, which was reached on the evening of the same day, except the column under McCook, which, by reason of resistance from the enemy, did not get in until near noon of the next day, the HOth. On reaching Stone River, Col. Hawkins was ordered with his regiment on outpost duty, and was thus engaged up to the morning of the 31st, when he was called in, and ordered to take up position in line with the brigade to which the Thirteenth was attached, being the Fourteenth, and constituted the Second Brigade of the Fifth Division. On coming into line, the regiment was ordered, with the division, to cross Stone River and attack the enemy, but had scarcely commenced the advance, when the order was counter- manded. The right, under McCook, having been driven in the center, was considered in dan- ger. Col. Hawkins immediately countermarched his regiment, and proceeded on the double quick back to the JIurfreesboro pike, where he assisted in rescuing a -train that had been at- tacked by the enemy's cavalry. Soon after rescuing the train, Col. Hawkins received orders to form on the right of his brigade, which brought him on the extreme right, also, of the Second Brigade. The line being formed, it was ordered by Gen. Van Cleve to advance down a slope thickly covered with cedars, cross an open tield, and attack the enemy posted in the wood beyond. Col. Hawkins having reconuoitered the position of the enemy, and knowing its strength, as it was concealed in the wood, which was little more than a dense thicket of cedars, swarming with rebels, informed Van Cleve that the enemy was too strong for the Ibrce he was ordering to attack it, and further informed him that the enemy's line was so posted that by the time the attacking force should reach within musket range of the enemy, it would be outflanked and exposed to an enfilading fire. Gen Van Cleve retorted in language discourteous and ofiensive, implying a doubt of the Colonel's courage, to which Col. Hawkins replied in courteous, yet feeling language — '•Gen. Van Cleve. I am not a coward. I have not spoken for myself, but out of regaril for my men. I will go in if it takes my life; but I do dislike to see my men slaughtered, without ac- complishing any good result." He then turned, placed himself at the head of his regiment, and gave the order to advance, which he led down the slope. In passing through the cedar thicket on the ridge at the top of the slope, his line became broken and slightly disordered, but on emerging from it the well-known voice of its lender brought it into line, when it advanced steadily across the open fiell, in the face of a terrible fire from the enemy tearing through its ranks. The Fifty-ninth Ohio and Forty-fourth Imliana led the advance, but were soon driven back. The second line, composed of the Thirteenth Ohio and Eighty-sixth Indiana, opened a well-directed fire into the enemy that for a time held it in check, advanced, and took shelter behind a rail-fence, on reaching which the Thirteenth was ordered bj' Col. Hawkins to lie down. Col. Uawkios alone remained standing, observing the movements of the enemy. His men besought him to follow their example by lying down, but, regardless of self and solicitous regarding their safety, he replied : "lam but one man." The response came from many voices: " You are everything to us." While standii'.g thus, and seeing that he was being outflanked, and in the act of giving an order to his men, he fell dead on the field, pierced by two balls, one entering and passing through his body just above the hips, the other passing into his neck near the base of his brain, killing him instantly. With him fell many others of his command. Maj. Dwight Jarvis now assumed command, continued _tp fight until nearly sur- rounded, when he fell back with the remnant of the regiment, leaving the body of its beloved Colonel on the field in the hands of the enemy, where it remained until some time on the follow- . PARIS TOWNSHIP, 115 ing Sunday, when it was recovered and sent home to his sorrowing and stricken family. Col. Hawkins seemed to have a presentiment, in the morning, when ordered into the battle, that he would not come out alive, and when receiving the order to cross Stone River, he gave his horse into the care of his colored servant, saying to him: " It's too rough lor a horse, and if you never see me again take good care of him." This horse had borne him through all his term of service, enduring with him hunger, thirst and fatigue, and to it he felt strongly attached. Ilis wishes in this regard were carried out by his faithful servant, and the horse was sent home to the Coloners widow. In the death of Col. Hawkins, his regiment lost a cool, brave and kind commander. He was beloved by them in life, and his memory will be cherished in their hearts so long as one of that noble band survives. The Nation lost one of its noble and loyal defenders, who laid down his life in its defense, heroically contending for the country and cause he loved. The community in which he lived mourned the loss of an honored citizen who had proved faithful to every trust reposed in him, while his wife and children were bereft of a kind and affectionate husband and loving father, to whom the loss was irreparable. His remains were transferred to his home, and after appropriate and impressive services, with the honors of war, he was laid to rest in the cemetery at Marysvdle, where a beautiful monument has been erected to his memory, mainly through the contributions of his fellow-officers and soldiers of the "Old Thirteenth." The writer has given more of a detailed histoi-y of the movements and services performed by the Thirteenth Regiment than perhaps is generally allowable in a biographical sketch of one of its officers. This has been done for several reasons, among which may be enumerated the follow- ing: First, Col. Hawkins was with this brave and gallant regiment iu all the dangers, fatiguing marches, sufferings and exposure through which it passed, sharing in all up to the time he gal- lantly fell at its head; and secondly, being inseparably connected with it, a history of the same is his true biography, and its gallant deeds, noble and honorable record, his highest and best eulogy. D. W. HENDERSON, physician, Marysville. The records of this family show them to be of ancient Scotch and Irish origin. The family were allied to the famous house of Stuarts, Caldewood Durham, .1. W. Clair Lang, and other distinguished f imilies. It has always been in- fluential, and essentially military ; no Scotch family having furnished more gallant soldiers to the British army or navy, or the East India service. The principal house is now only repre- sented in the person of George V*'. Mercer Henderson, Esq., a son of Douglass Mercer, who as- sumed the name, and a Lieutenant General and Colonel of the Sixty-eight British foot, by ro\al license. Alexander Henderson, with William and John, who were sons of Hugh, in the County of Fife, were the first of the van who came to the colonies about the middle of the seven- teenth century. The brothers located iu the boundaries of Maryland and Virginia, and raised fami- lies, but were lost sight of in the permanent settlement of the country. David W. Henderson is a son of John and Annie (Jack) Henderson, who were among the pioneers of Union County, Ohio, in 1837. Her father, Col. James Jack, was one of the original settlers of Pennsylvania, and an officer in the Revolutionary war. The subject of this sketch was born in Indiana County, Penn., October 4, 1823. He was fitted for college at the Marysville Academy, and entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, remaining until near the close of the Freshman year, when in May, 1847, he volunteered his services to the United States in the Mexican war, from which he returned in July, 1848. He at once began the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. R. Hills, of Delaware, Ohio, completing his studies at the Starling Medical College, from which he graduated in February, 1852. The following spring he selected a home in JIarysville, where he has since followed a constant and successful practice. He has performed some of the major operations both in surgery and obstetrics, and is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society. He was commissioned Surgeon of the Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteers at its organization, and remained on duty in the field until April, 1863, when his ill health compelled him to resign, and he returned to his practice. He is one of the oldest j^ractitioners of the medical profession, in the county, and has accumulated a handsome property through the years of incessant toil, and contributed largely to the promotion of public interests, while laboring for the relief of suffering humanity. As a citizen, a man and a physician, he enjoys the esteem and confidence of all who know him. Dr. Henderson is one of the Directors of the Marysville Library and Literary Association, a member of the Boai-d of Education and Board of Health, and ex-President of the ex-Soldiers and ex-Sailors Association of Union County. His marriage to Miss Anna Hathaway, of this county, occurred December 29, 1857. Two sons born to this union are both living. R. M. HENDERSON, Cashier Marysville Bank, Marysville, is a son of Thomas and Etha- linda (Magee) Henderson, natives of Washington County, Penn., who settled in Dover Town- ship in 1840, where he resided until the close of his life in 1873. He was a substantial farmer and a reliable man, and esteemed by all who knew him. The widow is yet a resident of the homestead, and is the mother of ten children by this marriage, nine of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was born in Brooke County, \V. Va., April 14, 1840. He spent the early years of his life on thefarm, and in 1861 became engaged as agent for the C, C, C. R. R. at that time the Springfield, Mt. Vernon & Pittsburgh R. R. This position he abandoned in 1865, and, 116 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. locating in this city, formed an association with 0. M. Scott in the sale of agricultural imple- ments and sewing machines, and represented several companies in the insurance business. This firm dissolved in the fall of 18G9, at which time he entered upon the duties of his present posi- tion in theMarysville Bank, where he has since been constantly engaged. Mr. Hendertion was married September 11, 18('i3, to Miss Sarah A., ddUghter of Dr. M. W. Peck, a native of Connect- icut. Three children born to this issue are all living, viz : Eddie L., Myrta and Willie. JOHN HOBENSACK, County Sheritf. Marysville. SheriflF Hobensack inherits the blood of the German, who with his progenitors, bequeathed to posterity the valor of the illustrious name. " Our Ancestry, a gallant race, Patterns of every virtue, every grace." The grandparents of John and Hannah Hobensack, with the maternal connections, John and Rachael Fetter, emigrated to the American shore in 1773, and founded homes in the wilderness of the Keystone State, where they lived, sorrowed, rejoiced and died. Their rude cabins have long since given place to the commodious residences of their children, and the advance of civili- zation has embraced their settlement in the populous Montgomery County. They were patriots of the Revolutionary war, and both wore officers through that struggle. The paternal head sub- sequently erected a large distillery, where he carried on an extensive business to the close of his life. Isaac and Emily (Fetter) Hobensack, the parents of our subject, were both natives of Montgomery County, Penn. They subsequently moved to Bucks County, Penn., where she died in 1875. He was a farmer by occupation, but at this time is living in retirement at his home. The subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Bucks County, Penn., September 16, 1833. He was reared on the homestead, and on August 5, 1862, joined the legions of the Union army as a private in Company F, First New Jersey Cavah-y. He was subsequently commissioned Second Lieutenant, and received rapid promotion to First Lieutenant and Captain of the company. For meritorius conduct on the field, he was brevetted Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel of the regio-ent, and gave a gallant record to this.arm of the service, participating in all the hard fought battles of the Army of the Potomac. He was wounded at Cedar Mountain, Va., August 9, 1862, and carried off the field. During actional Brandy Station, Va., and while in command of the Second Battalion, he, with eighty-seven of his men, were taken prisoners. He was stripped of his boots and hat, and taken to Centerville, Va., in the midst of the rebel army. During the first night of confinement, he with several others, escaped to the Union lines. He was again wounded at New Hope Church, Ga., but continued in active service to the close of the war. In 1866, he occupied a farm in the north of Union County, Ohio, where he resided until his election as SherifiFin October, 1880, at which time he took up liis residence in Marysville, and assumed the duties of his office. His abilities and integrity as an officer needs no comment. His record during the first term gave him hosts of friends, and at the convention held in Sep- tember, 1882, he was re-nominated by acclamation, and is now serving the second teim. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, I. 0. 0. F. and Senior Grand Commander G. A. R. He was married in his native county in 1854, to Miss Margaret Krewson, a native of Bucks County, Penn., who died in 1860, leaving one son, Isaac K His second marriage to Miss Emma E. Mayberry, of Bucks County, occurred in 1865. Nine children born to this union are all living, viz.: Henry H., Annetta, John W., Lincoln C, Lawrence, Carrie V., Maggie H., Ola H. and Elsie. The family are connected with the Baptist Church. ABRAHAM HORNBECK, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, December 17, 1838. He is a son of George and Lucy (Michelfish) Hornbeck, (he former a native of Mason County, Ky., was born May 6, 17U5, and the latter of Virginia, was born No- vember 21, 1805. They were married in Pickaway County in 1820, and in 1839 with six chil- dren removed to this county and located on the farm now owned and occupied by Abraham Horn- beck. They resided there until 1870 and removed to Shelby County, 111., where Mr. Hornbeck died March 7, 1874. ^Nlrs. Hornbook returned and has since lived with Abraham. He was brought up to manhood on his father's farm. When twenty years of age he wfnt to do for him- self, and followed w'orking by the month till he was marrie^^^^-^ PARIS TOWNSHIP. 121 teer Infantry, from which he was discharged as Sergeant at Brownsville, Tex. He was mustered out of service at Columbus, Ohio, March 26, 18dtt. Returning to peaceful pursuits, he became associated with C. L. Robinson in the livery business. In the spring of 1873, he disposed of his interest to accept a call as Assistiint Cashier of the Marysville Bank, which position he occupied until called upon to perform the duties of County Treasurer in September, 1880. He was re-elected in 1882, and in this official trust has rendered faithful and efficient service to his constiiuei^ts. Mr. Liggett is Colonel of the Fourteenth Ohio National Guards, and Adjutant of tiie Post G. A. R. He was married July 3, 1876, to Miss ^Matilda R.. daughter of ex-Probate Judge Brown, of this city, where she was born. Two children, Madaline and Robert, are the issue of this union, both living. DANIEL LONGBREAK, farmer, P. 0. Marysville. Mr. Longbreak was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, March -5, 1811, and is a son of George ami Susannah (Catrow) Longbreak. both natives of Virginia. The subject of this sketch was raised on the homestead farm, and was married in 1837 to Miss Melinda, a daughter of Judah Dodge, and a native of this county. To this union five children were born, four of whom are living, viz., .Junie, \\ife of Adam Weaver, of Franklin County, Kan.; Will H.; Susannah, wife of J. A. Jewell, of Franklin (Jounty, Kan., and John M. Mr. Longbreak had but a limited education, but was taught to labor with his hands, and by perseverance and close application to his business, could easily rest from the reward of his toil. He occupies a neat residence in this city, with four acres of land, and in Paris Town- ship has a well improved farm of 292 acres. He is a stanch and reliable citizen, a good neighbor and a lover of home. LEVI LONGBREAK, farmer, P. 0. Marysville. This patriarch, whose living features may be found in the pages of this volume, has stood the storms of threescore years and ten. His parents, George and Susannah (Catrow) Longbreak, were both natives of Virginia, who pioneered their march of settlement to Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1806. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, a farmer by occupation, and resided in his new home until 1813, when he founded a permanent settlement in Clark County, Ohio. His death occurred four years later in 1817. They were the parents of seven children, four of whom are living, as follows : Nancy, wife of J. K Kitchey of this city: Sarah, widow of Chester Farnham (deceased); Daniel and Levi. The widow and mother, with her children, moved, and occupied a farm in Dover Township, Union County, Ohio, in 1830, where she lived to the close of her life in October, 1856. The subject of this sketch is the youngest living sou, and was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, in November, 1812. He was reared on a farm, and learned to labor with his hands. This occupation he has followed through life, and the elements of his success are found in his industry and economy. His possessions of landed property in Dover Township will cover 260 acres, in addition to 428 acres of well-cultivated land in Paris Township. He settled on his present estate in this city in 1860, at that time consisting of eighty-nine acres in the corporation limits. -A small fraction of this land has been divided into, and sold as, Imilding lots, upon which have been erected com- fortable and commodious dwellings, adding to the beauty and growth of the city. He is one of the founders and directors of the Union County Infirmary, and of the Farmers' Bank, and has always taken an active part in all public and private improvements. His marriage to Miss Annis, daughter of Judah Dodge, of this county, occurred in 1839. Of the nine children born to this union, but four are living, viz., Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Gilchrist ; Levi L,, who married a daughter of Dr. Stoddard, of Wooster, Ohio, and is a prominent lawyer of Minneapolis, Minn.; Sarah, and Clarissa, wife of John Castle, of Philadelphia, Penn. GEORGE LOVELL, boot and shoe dealer, Marysville. George Lovell, one of our oldest and respected business men, was born in County Northampton, England, .June 7, 1829, and migrated to the United States in 1855. He located for one year at West Jeft'erson, Madison County, when he removed to this city, and in the fall of 1856, established himself in business on Main street. He has occupied various points for business in the city, and in 1864 he adrrsitted Thomas ^larfin as a partner. This firm carried on a successful trade for ten years, and was dissolved in 1874, Martin retiring. In 1876, Mr. Lovell occupied his present location, where he enjoys a large cus- tom trade and a liberal patronage in the sale of manufactured goods. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Rosanah Martin, a native of Ireland. This union has been blest with three children, two of whom are living, viz. : Thomas, who is associated with his father in the store, and Mary. The family are members of the Catholic Church. WILLIAM C. .MALIN, harness-maker, Marysville. This family springs from Virginia stock, ut the original name (Melon) seems to have undergone a slight change. William Melon, he grandf^ther, was a pioneer to Champaign County, Ohio, in 1800. He was an auctioneer but cleared a farm and lived and died there. Malin Melon, his son, and the father of our subject, was a native of Greenbrier County, Va. He was married, in 1816, to Miss Mary Thorn'on, and with the family occupied the unbroken lands of Urbana Township. He lived to enjoy the bless- ings of this union but a short period, dying at Walnut Hills when our subject was but six months old. William C. Malin was born in Urbana Township, Champaign Co., Ohio, April 7, 1817. Vhen fourteen years of age, he began an apprenticeship to the harness-making trade with John amilton, of his native place. With him he served seven years, after which he worked in va- lus places until he came to Marysville March 19, 1840. Here he soon became established in 122 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. business, and is to-day one of the oldest business men of the city. He survived several part- nership relations, and was connected with the firm of Sellers & Morelock, in the old tannery, at that time near the Tribune building;. He was in the mercantile trade about one year, and has sustained a reputation as an auctioneer for thirty years. He served the city as Constable, and was Deputy SheriiF under William M. Robinson some years. He was elected SheriflF of the county, in 1850, and served two terms. His selection as an officer at the annual county fair has won him a noted reputation. Every year the thousands that visit the fair find the genial face of William Malin to accept their tickets. Since its organization he has lost but two years at his post. Mr. Malin was married at Clinton, Oneida Co., N. Y., November 1], 1841, to Miss Mary Kinney, a native of Oswego County, N. Y., who died after ten years of wedded life. Three of the five children born to this union are living, viz. : Emery F., Mariah and Jennette. He was again married November 11, 1851, to Miss Charity A. Irwin, a native of Claylick, Licking Ca., Ohio. This union has been blest with seven children, four of whom are living, viz. : Fraukey, Clinton, Carrie and Maud. Emery F., the eldest son, was in the naval service during the rebell- ion, two years, and visited many foreign countries. Subsequently he was promoted to Adjutant of the Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served as Clerk under Gen. Rosecrans, and was with Sherman on his grand march to the sea. Politically, Mr. Malin is a descendant of the Old-Line Whigs, and at present a stalwart Republican. THOMAS MARTIN, Deputy SheriflF, Marysville. Deputy Sherifi" Martin is a son of Michael and Catherine (Holton) Martin, and was born in county of East Meath Ireland, October 31, 1841. His parents were bo;h natives of the same place, and the family embarked to the United States in 1850. After a residence of three years in New York City, they moved and located on a farm in Paris Township, where the parents passed the remainder of life's journey. The sub- ject of this sketch was raised on a farm, and learned to labor with his haads. He joined the ranks of the Union army, in 1861, in Company F, Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for three years' service, in which he experienced the perils of war. He engaged in the battle of Rich Mountain, W. Va., July 11, 18G1 ; Carnifax Ferry, W. Va., December 10, 1861 ; Shiloh, Tenu., April 6, 1862 ; Corinth, Miss., April 30 to May 30, 1862; Battle Creek, Tenn., June 21, 1862 ; Perryville, Ky., October 6, 7 and 8, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was sent to Richmond and confined eleven days in Libby Prison when he was exchanged, and joined the regiment at Stone River. He followed the fort- unes of battle at Chickamauga, Ga., September 19 and 23, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tenn., Novem- ber 25, 1863, where the Thirteenth distinguished itself in storming the heights, and were the first to plant the stars and stripes upon the ramparts of the enemy's works, besides capturing artil- lery. Then followed the pursuit of Longstreet, and a spirited fight at Bull's Gap, Tenn., Sep- tember 24, 1864. The regiment then joined Sherman in his march through Georgia. At the close of the Atlanta campaign, the army divided, and he, with the regiment, joined Gen, Thomas, at Nashville, through the battle of Franklin, Tenn., September 2, 1864. He was mustered out at Chattanooga, at the close of the war, and on his return to peaceful pursuits, opened a boot and shoe store at Marysville. This business he followed successfully until 1874, and for the two succeeding years engaged in buying and shipping live stock. From 1876 to 1880, he followed farming, but is now in the stock trade. He was appointed Deputy under Sheriff Hobensack, January 3, 1880, in which capacity he has proved a faithful and capable officer. He is a member of the 1. 0. 0. F. society, Improved Order of Red Men and of the G. A. R. He filled the office of Coroner from 1870 to 1872, and from 1876 to 1878. He has served as Deputy Sheriff six years, four of which were under Sheriff Sharp. He was married, in 1870, to Miss Lucy F. Smith, a native of Union County. Five children born to this union are living, viz. : Maud, Thomas A., William S., Robert B. and Jesse E. SAMUEL McAllister, contractor, IMarysville, is a native of Adams County, Penn., where he was born September 18, 1829, and with his parents came to this county among the pioneers. He was I'aised on a farm where he remained until nineteen years of age, when he went to learn the carpenter's trade with William Crawford, on the Scioto River. After a service of two years, he moved to Logan County, and the following year formed a partnership with his employer, Moses Morrow, in the carpentering business. This firm dissolved after a short time, and he associated himself with James Young, of Kenton, Ohio. During this association, he formed the acquaintance of Miss Louisa J., a daughter of John Russell, of Virginia, to whom he was mar- ried in 1854. Subsequently, he moved to this county and settled on a farm in Dover Township, which he had purchased. This farm he sold six years afterward and purchased eighty-two and a half acres in Leesburg Township. In the spring of 1864, he took up his residence in Marys- ville, which he has since made his permanent home. In the fall of 1864, the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards was called into service, and Company C, of which he was Captain, being consolidated, he went into the field as First Lieutenant of Company K, and served through the call. On his return to peaceful pursuits, he became largely engaged in stock dealing, and soon after was elected Street Commissioner. In this capacity he performed serviceable work in grading the streets of this city. Probably no man has laid out more labor in making sound street improvements. Subsequently, he formed a contract for building the first half mile of road from Marysville to Dover, otherwise known as the Delaware pike. This com- PARIS TOWNSHIP. 123 pleted, he will complete the road from Richwood to Rush Creek. He served the county as Street Commissioner two years, and has always taken an active interest in public improvements. He is a member of the Masonic order and G. A. R. His children are Alice, Henrietta, M. Blanche, Willie, Frank, Dottie, Walter Edwin, Minnie Gertrude, Charlie and Robert Russell. SMITH N. MoCLOUD. druggist, Marysville, of McCloud & Brother. This firm established their present business in this town in 1871, and carries a stock of considerable value and enjoy a lucrative trade. Mr. McCloud was born in Madison County, Ohio, December, 9, 1845. He is the son of Dr. Charles and Mary Jane (Carpenter) McCloud. Dr. Charles McCloud settled in Canaan Township, Madison County, in 1831, and for twenty years was engaged in the active practice of medicine. He was a prominent man in politics and an active worker in the Whig party. He represented his county ic the Ohio Legislature, in the session of 1844-45 and was a member of the Constitutional Convention that framed the present Constitution of Ohio. He was born Febuary 2, 1808, and in 1832 married Mary Jane, daughter of Benjamin and Sarah Car- penter, who was born August 29, 1813. They became the parents of four children, viz.: Mary, now the wife of Dr. E. C. Robinson, of Plain City; Rodney C, a druggist at Plain City; So- phronia, wife of Dr. Milton Lane, of Lincoln, Neb., and our subject. Mr. S. N. McCloud was married in 1868 to Miss Nora Filler, of this town. Six children have been born to them — Charles F., Imogene E., Lena E., John Jay, Noi'a May and Nellie G. HUGH McFADDEX, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, a highly respected citizen of Paris Township, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., October 15, 1799. His parents, John and Sophia (Kelley) McFadden, emigrated from Ireland in 1795, and settled in Pennsylvania. In 1802, they i-emoved to Mason County, Ky. Mr. McFadden followed flat-boating on the Ohio and Mis- sissippi for a number of years, and finally died in New Orleans. Mrs. McFadden removed to Brown County, and subsequently to Clinton County, where he died in 1820. Our subject is the second son and child of a family of seven children. He was engaged in farming and mer- cantile pui'suits in Clinton County till 1861, when he came to Marysville and resumed merchan- dising on East Center street. He followed it till 1864, when he removed to his farm, which he had purchased in 1861. He was married February, 1822, to Miss Mary West, daughter of Robert and Henrietta (Fairfax) West. Mrs. McFadden was born in Fairfax County, Va., De- cember 25, 1799. She was a lineal descendant of Lord Fairfax, who emigrated to America with a colony in the eighteenth century and settled in Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. McFadden were blessed with nine children ; of these, three are living — Fairfax W., married Sarah Morton ; Hugh, married Mary Allen; and Harrison W., a physician at Magnetic City; Mary, Hannah, La Fayette, Charles, Silas and Eliza J. Silas enlisted in the struggle for liberty when eighteen years of age, and died June 27, 1881, from disease contracted while in the service. Mrs. Mc- Fadden departed this life May 24, 1882, after a brief illness. Mr. and Mrs. McFadden had lived together for sixty years, and were earnest, consistent members of the Christian Church. Mr. McFadden is in politics a Republican. He owns a valuable aud well-improved farm of 300 acres. D. F. McKITRICK, dealer in boots and shoes, Marysville. This house was established in 1869, and was the first regular boot and shoe store opened to the public of Marysville. The proprietor occupied his present premises in 1872. He carries a complete and varied stock, and has a steadily increasing trade. He is the manufacturer and patentee of McKitrick's button fastener, which is a model improvement over all others, and is coming into universal use. The subject of this sketch was born in Delaw.are County, Ohio, in June, 1840. His father, George McKitrick, was a native of Licking County, Ohio, and a pioneer merchant at Beachtovvn, Jerome Township, Union County, where he was successfully engaged in business to the close of his life, in 1847. His wife, whose maiden name was Caroline Hill, who survives, was a native of Penn- sylvania, and at this writing, July, 1882, a resident of Delaware County, Ohio. They were the parents of five children, four of whom survive, as follows : D. F., eldest son, James H., Israel W. and Clara, wife of T. H. Brannon, of Canal Dover, Ohio. Mr. McKitrick enlisted in 1864, in Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which service he con- tracted lung trouble and failing health, and was returned home just before the close of the war. He was married, in 1865, to Miss Rachel E., daughter of J. M. Robinson of this county. To this union four chiLlren have been born, three of whom are living, viz.: Ida M., Fannie M. and Nellie M. The family are connected with the Presbyterian Church of this city. WILLIAM McMANNIS, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, a soldier of the late rebellion, was born in Belmont County, Ohio, March 14, 1837. He is a son of James and Esther (Calvert) McMan- nis, the former a native of Berkeley County, Va., and the latter of Belmont County, Ohio, and a grandson of Luke McMannis, a native of Ireland, who crossed the Atlantic in a British fleet in the early part of the Revolutionary war. On his arrival in the United States, he enlisted on the American side and served five years as a private under Gen. Washington, and died in Virginia, at an advanced age. William was reared to his majority in his native place. August 16, 1862, he enlisted as a member of Company E, Ninety-eighth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in the Western Department and participaied at the battle of Champion Hills, where he received a gun-shot wound in the left leg which disabled him about four months. At the expi- ration of this time he rejoined his regiment at Franklin, Tenn., where he received his honorable 124 HISTORY OF UiNION COUNTY. di- charge from the service August 25, 18G3. He weut to Noble County, aud in 1868 (o Paris Township, this county, where h) has since followed the avocation of a farmer. November 7, IB'il, he was married to Hannah Berry, a native of Noble County, born February 19, 1841, and a daughter of Zachariah and Rachel Berry. They have had no children, but have taken two to raise — Delia May Elliott, born May 27, 1877, and Arthur Staley, born March 28, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. McMannis are members of the United Brethren Church. He is a Prohibitionist. His farm contains seventy-eight acres and is well cultivated. LEWIS MILLS, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, a native of Paris Township, was born July 25, 1846. He is a son of Thomas and Sophia (Dines) Mills, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Warren County, Ohio. They came to this county, where they both died. Mr. Mills departed this life August 23, 1871, and Mrs. M., September 17, 1864. Our subject is next to the youngest of eleven children, of whom six are living. He was reared on a farm and edu- cated in the district schools and Marysville public schools. He followed teaching of winters and farming of summers from 1866-70. He resided most of the time in York, Union and Tay- lor Townships till the spring of 1881, when he purchased the farm he now occupies. Novem- ber 17, 1870, he married Miss Sophronia Hamilton, a native of Taylor Township aud a daugh- ter of .John and Lucy (Grilhn) Hamilton. Their children are Ada, Lucy, Somelia A. and Mary. Mr. Mills owns a farm of 171 acres. His political views are Republican. .JOHN MITCHELL, Jr., retired, Marysville, is a son of John Mitchell, who was the youngest of eight children, and was born in Cumberland County, Penn. He moved to Milford Center in 1823, being among ths pioneers of that township. The same year he was married to Miss Su- sanah Kingery, a Virginian. He was a hatter by trade, and began the struggles of life with lit- tle, if any means. He applied himself closely to his business, and with the elements of energy and frugality accomplished success. He was of a quiet unostentatious nature and a lover of home. In 1835, he purchased 500 acres of land upon which he resided until near the close of his life, in 1882, in the eighty-second year of his age. The widow who survives him resides in this city at the advanced age of eighty-one years. Their children are Ross, eldest son, who married Anna Delaud, and resides in Piatt County, 111.; John, Jr.; William D., who enlisted in August, 1861, in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed at the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864; James, who enlisted in same regiment and served the full time of enlistment, and was discharged in August, 1864 ; and George D., who married Sarah Converse, of this county. The subject of this sketch was born in Milford Center, Union Township, Feb- ruary 13, 1826. He was raised on the homestead farm, and in 1847 was married to Miss Har- riet, daughter of William and Mary Stansfield. She was of English descent, and with her par- ents came to this country when she was seven years of age. Her father was a merchant at Columbus, Ohio, some years, and died while on a visit to Illinois in 1836. His widow subse- (piently remove I to Shawnee County, Kan., where she died in 1861. Mr. M. disposed of his estate in Union Township, in 1876, and moved to this city, where he has since lived in quiet re- tirement. He served his native township as Justice of the Peace eight years and Trustee for seven years, and was otherwise identiiied with the township. He is the father of six children, five of whom are living, viz.: Emily L., Elizabeth A., Francis I., John M. and Carrie M. HUGH ^lOORE, one of the oldest citizens of Union County, was born in Charleston, Va., August 2, 1795. His parents, Jonathan and Elizabeth (Long) Moore, were natives of New Jersey and Virginia, respectively. His father served from the beginning to the termination of the Revolutionary war, as a member of a body-guard to Gen. Washington. In 1812, he, with his family, removed to (Cincinnati, and the following year to Lebanon, Warren County. He died at the extreme age of one hundred and one years, and his wife in her one hundredth year. Hugh was the eldest of five children. He was reared on a farm till of age. In 1840, he went to Perry County, HI., where he lived till 1846, when he returned to Warren County, and in 1848 came to this county and located in Paris Township. He was a fife-major in the late war between the United States and Great Britain, and served six months. He was married, and had eleven children ; of these six are living, .lames, his eldest son, was born in Warren County, January 25, 1824; he married February 28, 1858, to Miss Christiana Belville, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Belville, by whom he has had three children, viz., Nicholas B., Henry A. and Hugh. Mr. Moore owns and occupies the home farm, which contains 116 acres, and is engaged in the avocation of firming. A. MOREY, one of the old citizens of Marysville, where he has been in business thirty-five years, was born in Perry County, Penn., from whence his parents moved in 1836 to Delaware County, Ohio. They located in Scioto Township, where both now live, at the ripe old ages of eighty-four and eighty-six, respectively. His father, Jacob Morey, was born in Lancaster, Penn., and his mother, Barbara (Jacobs) Morey, was born in Dauphin County, Penn Our sub- ject was born in 1822, and in 1838 he came to Marysville, where he remained until 1840, when he removed to Columbus, Ohio, and finished his trade, cabinet-making. Returning to Marys- ville in 1848, he opened a small place for manufacturing cabinet ware, on (he northeast side of the public square. In the following year, he etfected a |)artnership with Samuel Resler, who was succeeded l)y Judge Cassil, both connections being dissolved after a short duration. Mr. Morey then continued the business alone, and soon added steam power to his works. Shortly after- PARIS TOWNSHIP. 125 ward, he associated with himself two parties from the East — Sanderson and Warner — to engage in the manufacture of cane seats and split-bottom chairs. After the lapse of about a year, he pur- chased the interests of both of these men, and entered into partnership with G. W. Hupp, of Mechanicsburg, who, five years later, retired from the firm. Mr. Morey then moved his build- ing to the site on which it now stands, and has since carried on business under the firm name of H. W^ Morey & Co. In 1848, Mr. Morey was married to Miss Abbie B. Kinney, a native of Oswego County, N. Y , by whom he has had the following children : Henry AV., Charles D., Franklin Pierce, deceaseJ, William F., John F., Albert H., Carrie, deceased, and Estella M. Mr. Morey has been a member of the Odd Fellows society for tliirty-six years, has passed all the chairs, and for a time filled the chair of Deputy; he is also a member of the Encampment — a charter member of that body here, and has passad all the chairs. He was a charter member of the Marysville Lodge I. 0. R. M. and acted at one time in the capacity of Deputy of that society. He is a member of the Congregational Church, and for twenty years has had charge of the choir of the church at Marysville. H. W. Alorey, the eldest son of the above and a practicing dentist at Marysville, was born in Paris Township, this county, in 1849, and was educated at the public schoo's of this city. He studied dentistry under Dr. Powell, and in 1872 graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College. He is a thorough master of his profession, and is kept con- stantly employed in attending to a large and lucrative practice. In the spring of 1881, he was elected a member of the Board of Council, and in the fall of the following year lie was elected Coroner of the county, an oflSce of which he is the present incumbent. In 1874, he married Miss Clara A. Woods, a daughter of Samuel Woods of Union Township. Tlii^ union has been blessed with one child — Dana. ANDREW S. MOWRY, civil engineer, Marysville, was born in Smithfield, R. I., Septem- ber 4, 1832, and is a son of Enos and Julia A. (Vose) Mowry, both natives of that State. He, Andrew, was educated at the Providence Seminary at Greenwich, R. I., and studied for a sur- veyor in the office of Henry F. Walling, in whose employ he remaineil eight years. In 1857, he came to the West, and located at Waukesha, Wis., and made the first map proiluced in that county. He subsequently mapped Ross, Madison and other counties in Ohio, in the interest of Walling, and in February, 1864, came to Union County under a contract with the county, to make plats for the land appraisers. He was elected Surveyor in 1866, and served nine years. He run and made the first gravel road in this county, and made an efficient and capable officer. He was married December 2, 1862, to Miss Joanna Doolittle, a native of Oneida County, N. Y. One child, Adale, is the issue of this union. Mr. M. has been connected with the .Masonic order during his residence in this county, and with the Presbyterian Church of this city. Politically, he is a stanch Republican, and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. THEODORE MULLEN, liveryman, of the firm of Robinson & Mullen. Marysville, was born in Paris Township in 1843. His parents, Charles and Sirah (Bancroft) Mullen, were both natives of Ohio, and his father a life-long resident of this county. His grandfather, Joseph, a Virginian, was a pioneer of Marietta and Madison Co., Ohio, and settled in this county, when Charles was five years of age. He afterward moved to Mahaska County, Iowa, where he died in the ninety-eighth year of his age. tJharles died in this county in February, 1882. Theodore was left motherless when eight years of age, and in March, 1862, he walked to Columbus, Ohio, and enlisted as a private in Company B, Sixty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was promoted to Corporal for meritorious conduct at the battle of Gettysburg. He served in the fortunes of the Potomac army, participating in the battle of the second Bull Run, Va., August 30, 1862 ; Freder- icksburg, Va., November 9 to 16, 1862; Gettysburg, Penn., July 1 to 3, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tenn., November 24, 1863, and Dallas or New Hope Church, Ga., where he was wounded in the right arm, and taken prisoner while being conveyed to the Chattanooga Hospital, but paroled the following day, and sent to Nashville, Tenn. Con- valescing, he was transferred to Columbus and discharged in December, 1864. Mr. M. is the embodiment of robust health and vigorous constitution, but the wound received on the field of New Hope Church is still troubling him, it having never healed. He was raised in this city, and is a dyer by trade. He served as Superintendent of the woolen mill of the Robinson Bros., of this city, for seventeen years, and until the establishment closed in 1880. In June, 1881, he joined his fortunes with J. B. Robinson in the livery business, and the firm have produced the most complete and thorough establishment of the kind in the city. Mr. Mullen was mariied in 1867, to Miss Lydia, daughter of Samuel S. Jewell, of this county. Of the two children born to this issue, one is living — Edward. Mr. Mullen is a member of the K. P. and G. A. R. societies, and a sterling Republic^n in politics. JOSEPH NEWLOVE, deceased. This estimable gentleman, whose demise occurred after the compilation of this sketch, was born at Wold, Newton, Old England, in 1800, and with his parents, Joseph and Ann (Brown) Newlove, migrated to the American shore in 1821. They founded a settlement near Springfield, Ohio, and were among the early pilgrims of Clark County, where both parents died. They rnised a family of eight children, but one, Ed- ward, of whom survives. The subject of this sketch remained on the homestead farm until twenty-one years of age, when he started alone and unaided in the battle of life. In 1849, he purchased and tettled upon a farm in Pharisburg, Union County, now occupied by his eldest 126 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. son, Garrison. In 1852, he was elected County Auditor, and took up his residence in Marys- ville, assuming the duties of the office in the spring of 1853. Completing his term he was en- gaged in the management of the Marysville Bank several years, and in 1860 was again elected Auditor of the county, in whicli capacity he officiated six years. He was one of the prime movers in the organization of the Farmers' Bank, founded in 1868, and presided over its man- agement to the close of his life. He was a man of quiet, unostentatious habits, a good neighbor, a faithful friend and esteemed citizen. He was married December 6, 1827, to Miss Martha, daughter of Cornelius Carter, a native of Kentucky. Of the children born to this union, six are living— Garrison ; Ann, wife of Joseph Maskill of this county; Martha E., wife of Alphonso Young, of this county; John, Brown, and Benjamin C, of this city. JOHN NEWLOVE, the tirst soldier to enlist in Union County, and one of its bravest " boys," was born in Harmony Tp., Clark Co., Ohio, August 11, 1839. He is a son of Joseph and Martha Newlove, and a grandson of Joseph Newlove, who emigrated to the United States from England. John is the third son and sixth child of a family of eight. He was reared in his na- tive place till his parents removed to Union Countv, and acquired his education in the Marys- ville Public Schools. April, 1861, he enlisted for three months in Company D, Second Regi- ment Ohio Volunteers Infantry. He met the enemy at the first battle of Bull Run, the first engagement of the war. He was discharged at the expiration of the three months, and August 26, 1861, he re-enlisted in Compiiny D, First Ohio Cavalry, for three years. He was appointed Fourth Sergeant and in 1803, was commissioned Commissary Sergeant. He participated in the following leading engagements : Stone River, Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta and Pittsburg Landing, and a number of minor battles. He veteranized April 3, 1864, and re- enlisted in the same company, and served with distinguished bravery and patriotism till after the close of the war. He was the first man to discover the rebel chieftain Jetf. Davis, and for assisting in his capture received as his portion of the $100,000, $402. He was honorably dis- charged Sfptember, 1805, at Columbus, Ohio. January 5, 1806, he was married to Miss Mary Amrine, daughter of Abraham and Nancy Amrine, and a native of Paris Township, where she was born May 8, 1840. They have had six children, of whom five are living — Arthur J., Maud, Abraham, Mary and Lucius J.; Joseph A. is deceased. Mrs. Newlove is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Marysville. Mr. Newlove is identified with the orders of K. of P., I. 0. of R. M. and G. A. R. Politically, he is a stanch Republican. His farm con- tains 173 acres of well improved and highly cultivated land. He is engaged in agriculture and stock-raising; he breeds and rears Poland-China hogs, and thoroughbred Spanish Merino sheep, and is a regular and prominent exhibitor ai the Fair. F. H. OTTE, of the firm of F. H. & W. Otte, merchant tailors, dealers in ready-made clothing, Marysville. F. H. Otte, the senior member of this firm, is one of the busy and enter- prising spirits of Marysville, and was born in Hanover, Germany, March 23, 1836, and em- barked to the United States in 1853. He served as journeyman tailor in the mother country, and plied himself at his trade for one year in Buft'alo, N. Y.; he then removed to St. Catherines, Ontario, and remained until 1855, from which time he became a traveler at large, going to Rich- mond, Ind., and after a nine months' stay went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and fifteen months later to Memphis, Tenn., thence to New Orleans, La., and Mobile, Ala., from which point he re- turned to Cincinnati, Ohio, three times. Returning to Cincinnati in the fall of 1861, he met and married Miss E. R. Albertzart, a native of Oldenburg, Germany. After marriage, he returned to Buftalo, N. Y., and the following year returned to Cincinndti, thence to Richmond, Ind., and in 1805 to Summersville, Butler Co., Ohio, where he opened a merchant tailoring and clothing house, and for three and a half years settled down to business. He then returned to Mobile, Ala., from which point he journeyed to Red River Cjunty, Texas, and La Mar County. Thence to Jefferson, Madison County, where he assumed the proprietorship of a hotel; subsequently he went to New Orleans, La., thence to St. Louis, and to Cincinnati, Ohio, from which place he at last found a haven of rest among the good people of Union. Here he established business in the spring of 1871, and in October of the same year, his brother was admitted a partner to the concern. In 1872, the house occupied their present commodious quarters, where they hive had enough trade to keep them busy constantly. The firm carry a stock of about $15,000, and have a large custom trade in onnection with their sales department. Mr. 0. is a progressive, ener- getic business man, and worthy of the success he has attained. Of the seven children born to him five are living — Rosa, William, Estella, Lorentz and Clements. WILLIAM OTTE, of the firm of F. H. & W. Otte, merchant tailors, Marysville. This in. dustrious cutter and tailor is a native of Hanover, Germany, where he was born in August, 1838. He crossed the Atlantic to the American shore in 1857, He located at Cincinnati, Ohio, and soon afterward went to Richmond, Ind., where he worked diligently at his trade for fourteen years and until his removal to this city in 1871, at which time he was admitted as a partner in the clothing store of his brother. The brothers have proved themselves capable worktnen, which is evidenced by the large stock and increasing trade of their popular establishment. The Otte brothers have gained hosts of friends during their business career in Marysville, of which they are entirely worthy. The ' ubject of this sketch was married, in 1867, to iNIiss Kate Werner, a native of Richmond, Ind. Seven children born to this union are all living, viz: Ella, Louis, Manic, Frank, Walter, Minnie and Annie. Mr. Otte is a member of the I, 0. 0. F. society. PARIS TOWNSHIP. 127 ANDREW J. PARKEFv,, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born near Baltimore, Md., January 28, 1816. His parents, George and Priscilla (Harrison) Parker, were also natives of Maryland. His father was a soldier of the Revolution, and was at the turrender of Lord Cornwallis. He died in his native State, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. His father emigrated from England with a colony. He had three sons — George (who settled in Maryland), Sawney (set- tled in Pennsylvania) and Fielder (who settled in Virginia). George was the father of two sons by his first wife, and seven sons and one daughter by his last wife. Our subject is the eldest of the second set of children. He was reared on a farm, and married, October 10, 1844, to Elzira Frey, a daughter of Isaac Frey, a soldier of the war of 1812, and a grand-daughter of a Revolutionary patriot. Mrs. Parker is a native of Loudoun County, Va. She bore seven chil- dren^ — two sons and five daughters, viz.: Martha (wife of Isaac Frej'), Isaac, Hannah (wife of Benjamin Deal), Jura (wife of Simon Hall), Thomas, Sophena (wife of George Hall), and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Parker are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Parker is connected with the Masonic Order, and in politics is a Republican. R. L. PARTRIDGE, bridge builder, Marysville. R. L. Partridge, where portrait appears in this volume, is the only living of four children born to his parents, Cyrus and Lucina (Car penter) Partridge. The former was a native of Vermont, and the latter of Washington County N. Y. They migrated to the West at an early day, and were among the pioneers of Franklin County, Ohio, where he died in 1836. The widow and mother subsequently became a resident of Marysville, Ohio, where she lived to the close of her life in 1850. The subject of this sketch sprang from the Empire State, and was born in Wilmington, Essex Co., N. Y., in 1823. He came to this city in 1836, where he was reared and educated under the care of, and learned wagon and carriage making with, Rowland Lee, a half-brother. He subsequently became engaged in the carpenter trade, which he followed until 1866, when he began contracting and bridge build- ing. Mr. Partridge has erected nine-tenths of the bridges in Union County, and at this time, 1882, employs from five to fifteen men. He was a member of the first military organization'in the county, and during the Mexican war and late rebellion took an active part in raising men and money for the cause. He has served in the City Council, was Township Clerk and Trustee some years, and has always recognized and assisted in all public improvements. He was mar- ried in the fall of 1846 to Miss Maria Wolford, who was born in what was known as the Camp- bell place, Marysville, in 1825. Her parents, Adam and Catherine Wolford, settled upon sixty- five acres of land west and south of the new court house, in 1820, which at that time was a dense woods. Their cabin was erected in the rear of the present residence of Jlr. Mulford, which became a hallowed spot for church gatherings and pioneer meetings. Palatial residences and public edifices of modern design occupy the soil of this worthy pilgrim, while his spirit and that of his devoted companion have long since pioneered their settlement to that better land. The only landmark remaining at this time to recall the incidents and cherish memories of these associations is the old well over which was suspended "the old oaken bucket, the iron bound bucket, the moss covered bucket, that hung in the well." Adam Wolford was a carpen- ter by trade, and erected many of the first houses in Marysville. He was engaged in the con- struction of the old court house, and was a citizen esteemed by all who knew him. Mrs. Part- ridge and William Wolford of this county are the only living representatives of his children. Mr. and Mrs. Partridge are the parents of six living children, as follows: Asenath, A. Jen- nette (wife of H. C. Vosburg), Frances L. (wife of S. L. Sagar), Flora L., Catherine 0. and Lillian. Mrs. Partridge is the oldest native born citizen now residing in Marysville. David E. Wolford, a brother of Mrs. Partridge, was born and raised in Marysville. He enlisted three times in the Union service during the late rebellion, and while in the service contracted a disease of the lungs, from which he died three weeks after leaving the army, in 1865, aged twenty-five years. LEVI PHELPS, deceased. Of this sturdy pioneer, so well remembered by the older settlers of the county, but little can now be obtained compared with what might have been learned previous to his death. Levi Phelps was born in Colebrook, Litchfield Co., Conn., October 16,1789. In 1810, he removed to Ohio and located at Granville, in the county of Licking, and a few years later took up his residence near what was afterward the village of Homer, in Union Township, Union County, where he and his brother Sylvester built a woolen mill, in which they invested all their means. Mr. Phelps had been a soldier in the war of 1812. The woolen mill erected by himself and his brother had been in operation but a short lime when it was destroyed by fire. For a few years thereafter, Mr. Phelps taught school during the winter months in the vicinity of Mil- ford Center, and on the 3d of October, 1826, he married Sarah Cooper, removing soon afterward to Marysville. He became the father of six children, of whom the only survivor is Cyrus A. Phelps, Esq., now Cashier of the First National Bank of Springfield, Ohio. Mr. Phelps was chosen to fill numerous public olfices, as will be seen by reference to the list elsewhere. All of his children were born in Marysville. His wife was one of the original members of the Presby- terian Church of Marysville, organized in If 27, and Mr. Phelps became a member of the same later in life. He lived in Marysville from the time of his first settlement there until within two months of his death. He removed with his wife to Springfield, Ohio, in August, 1863, and the two made their home with their son, Cyrus. Levi Phelps died at the residence of his son on the 128 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 27th of November, 1863, at the age of seventy-four years. He is remembered as a zealous par- tisan in politics. He was an ardent admirer of Henry Clay and always voted with the Whig or Republican party. He was by all men justly regarded as an upright man, a good citizen and a kind neighbor, and died leaving both a good name and a good estate. L. PIPEK, attorney, Marysville. Robert Piper, grandfather of our subject, was a native of Ireland, who with a brother; crossed the ocean to the Colonies in 1790. The brother located at Cape Girardeau, Mo., and Robert settled in Pennsylvania, where he married Miss Susannah Cochran, who was born September IG, 1781 . He moved and settled in Union Township in 1813. His death occurred while on the road between Cliillicothe, Ohio, and his home, on Oc- tober 18, 1813. Their children were Eleanor Margaret, William C, Mary Rosannah and Jane. His widow subsequently married John Porter, by whom she had two children, Maria and Susan. Her death occurred Augusfl4, 1824. William C. Piper, father of this subject, was born in AVashington County, Penn., and was six years of age when he moved with his father s family to this county. He worked diligently on the homestead farm until a young man, when he went to learn the carpenter's trade at Milford. In 1834, he was married to Miss Hannah F., daughter of Richard Gabriel. She was born on the homestead farm in Union Township, October, 1811. In 1844, he purchased the farm upon which his widow and children now reside, where he passed the remaining years of his life. He filled the office of Township Trustee for thirty-three con- secutive years and was prominently identified with the Township in various ways. The Whig party solicited his candidacy for County Sheriff but he respectfully declined. He was a man of refined taste, a great reader, quiet, and unostentatious in his habits, and a lover of home. His death is recorded in May, 1876. He was the father of seven children, six of whom are living. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of the children, and was born on the homestead farm in Union Township, November 22, 1836. He secured his primary education in the select schools of that township, and pursued two years of study at the Otterbein University, Franklin County, Ohio; subsequently he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, from which institution he graluated in June, 1864. The following year, he began the study of law in the office of Col. Lawrence, of this city. He was admitted to the bar by the District Court of Delaware County in June, 1867. On March 1-5, 1869, the law firm of Robinson & Piper was formed, under which association he has since been continuously engaged. In October, 1869, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected to the same office in the fall of 1871. He served as Coun>y Examiner from 1867 to 1874, and was a member of the School Board for eleven consecutive years, most of which time he served as Clerk of the Board, which position he fills at this time. He enjoyed the position of Superintendent of Schools from January, 1867, to the close of the following year, and has always taken an active part in educational affairs. During the rebellion, he enlisted as a musician in the brigade band, but after a short service was taken sick and while lying in the hospital the band was discharged. Mr. P. was reared in the Pres- byterian Church at Milford, and has been an Elder of the Presbyterian Church of this city since 1873. He is connected with the order of Masons and the G. A. R. His marriage to Miss Martha, daughter of Daniel and Mary Coe, occurred April 29, 1869. She was born October 13, 1845, and died June 15, 1882. Four children, the fruits of this union, survive her loss, as fol- lows: Kate, William C, Ralph M. and Ruth. JOSEPH POWERS, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Monroe Township, Madison Co., Ohio, in December, 1813. His grandfather, Walter Powers, was by birth a Virginian, of Dutch descent, and a soldier of the Revolutionary war. His parents, Robert and Mary (Higgins) Powers, were both natives of Virginia, who located at an early time in Belmont County, Ohio, thence going to Madison County, Ohio, in 1808, where he purchased 900 acres of land from Robert Means, the original proprietor and an officer of the Revolutionary war. Here he founded a home, raised his family and lived until 1821, when he, with his devoted wife, were called to join in the settlement of that better land. He, with a brother (Joseph), gave their services to their country in the war of 1812, and both were distinguished pioneers of the State. The subject of this sketch is the ehlest of three living children. Left an orphan when nine years of age, he was bound out to one James Burnham until becoming of age. He remained in durance about seven years, when he started out for himself, and was employed working on a farm and driving cattle over the mountains. After marriage in 1836 to Miss Julia E. McCoy, he returned to the home- stead and rented farms until his removal to this county in 1848. He purchased 250 acres of land west of this city, where he resided until 1877, when he purchased seven acres of land on West Center street upon which he erecterl his present residence. He has made a subse<(ucnt purchase of twenty-five acres and added to his farm, which is thoroughly drained with 1,000 rods of tile, and is well-cultivated and productive. His wife died in 1849, leaving four children, two of whom survive (William M. and Joseph W.). His present wife Helen (daughter of Aquilla Turner), is a native of Clirk County, Ohio. Of the children born to this union seven are living, viz.: Charles, Napoleon, John, Phebe A., James, Temperance and Thomas. William M. enlisted in the ranks of the Union army under Capt. Smith, of the Sixty-sixth Regiment, and was dis- charged on account of failing health in 1862. He again enlisted in the six months' service, and again in 1864 as a recruit. Also, Joseph W. served through the war and both brothers were with Sherman on his memorable march to the sea. Mr. P. was Township Trustee about eight years, \ai^'^^(rY PARIS TOWNSHIP. 131 and is one of the oldest and most respected pioneers of the county. He is connected wiih the M. E. Church. EDWARD POWERS, farmer and stock-raiser, P. 0. Marysville, a native of Madison County, Ohio, was born April 8, 1819. He is a son of Robert and Mary (Higgins) Powers, who were natives of the Old Dominion. They died, the former in August and the latter in September of 1821. Our suViject was then placed in the care of Andrew and Mercy Amrine, who soon came to Paris Township. He remained with Mr. Amrine and family till fourteen years old, then went to Springfield and spent one year working at the cabinet trade. The next four years he employed in learning the carpenter trade in Marysville. The site of Marysville was then marked by only eight houses, and Mr. Powers aided in constructing many of the more substantial business houses and residences that now form a part of Marysville. Mr. Powers pursued his early chosen trade but a few years, till his marriage, which occurred December 26, 1840, with Miss Polly A. Dines, a daughter of James C. and Providence Dines, and a native of Lebanon, Ohio. She was born June 5, 1821. This union resulted with seven children, viz.: Annette, born February 26, 1842, wife of J. M. Horney ; Providence, born February 4, 1844, wife of H. A. Westlake; Mary, born December 9, 1847, and died May 11, 1849; Chambers, born April 28, 1849, married Inis Smith ; Frances E., born November 15, 1853, wife of E. B. Knotts; Charlie, born April 25, 1857; and Glara, born February 7, 1859, wife of T. S. Blue In 1856, Mr. Powers located on his present farm. For the last ten years, he has devoted especial attention to keeping Spanish Merino sheep, which he exhibited at the Annual County Fair of 1881, and was awarded the first premium. He was one of the first to introduce Poland- China hogs. He has been a member of the County Agricultural Society since its organization, and was one of the agricultural board two years. Politically, he is a Republican. He is identi- fied with the Masonic Order and Grange. He owns a large and well-improved farm. Of winters, for the last twelve years, he has dealt in furs, doing a large business. JOHN C. PRICE, stock-dealer, Marysville, was born in Madison County, Ohio, in March, 1^32. His parents, Henry and Eliza (Corey) Price, were natives of Maryland and Connecticut, respectively. His grandfather, John Price, was a native of Connecticut, and settled in Ross County at a very early day. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Subsequently, he removed to Madison County, Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his life. Henry was raised on a farm in Ross County, and was largely engaged in stock dealing, making long trips with cattle over the mountains. He accumulated a large landed property, and was widely and favorably known. He raised a family of six children, four of whom are living, viz.: John C, the subject of this sketch; Annette, wife of T. S. Snow, of Lima, Ohio; Robert and Russell. His death occurred in 185 !. His wife survived until 1880. Mf . Price came to this county and city in 1859, since which time he has been largely engaged in stock-dealing. He has served many years as Land Appraiser, and in the election of 1873, was selected as County Sheritf, which office he occupied the following year. He was reelected in 1875, serving two terms with great satisfaction to his constituents. At the breaking-out of the rebellion in 1861, he joined the ranks of the Union army in Company F, Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served about two years in the field. He re-enlisted in the Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served through to the close of the war. He participated in the battles of Carnifax Ferry, W. Va., in 1861; Shiloh, March 2 to April 6, 1862; Corinth, April 30, 1862; Knoxville, Tenn., September 1863; Resaca, Ga., May 13, 1864; Altoona Mountain, May 25, 1864, where he received a wound in the left arm. and from the field hospital was transferred to the hospital at Camp Den- nison, where he was confined until the wound healed, and he was honorably discharged. Mr. Price is a member in good standing of the Masonic fraternity, I. 0. 0. F. Order, and is one of the active business men of the county. He was married in 1853 to Miss Rhuma Dawson, a native of Champaign County, Ohio. Their living children are Effie, wife of J. C. Gunthrie, Alice and Durell, the latter a graduate of Marysville High School. EDWARD S. PYNE, retired, Marysville, is a son of David and Anna (Fanning) Pyne, and was born at Fayetteville, Onondaga County, N. Y., October 26, 1840, and spent his youth at Cazenovia, N. Y. He began the battle of life in his youth, and selected the business that crowned his etForts with success. When fourteen years of age, he left home to fill a situation as sales- man in the dry goods house of William H. and J. F. Hubbard, at Susquehanna, Penn. Three years later, he returned to his home. After a service at Syracuse, N. Y., he became engaged at Gibson, Penn., where he formed the acquaintance of Everett Whitney, with whose son A. J. he afterward became engaged in the dry goods trade at Marysville. This copartnership being consolidated, the firm of Whitney & Pyne opened a stock of dry goods to the public in October, 1862. This firm conducted a large and successful trade for fourteen years. In 1876, Whitney retired from the firm, and in the following year Mr. Pyne disposed of his interest to W. H. Robb. Mr. Pyne subsequently purchased a small stock of goods, but after a short lime disposed of it, and retired from active business. Since that time he has dealt considerably in real estate, and aided materially in the growth and development of the city. He served nine years as Deputy Collector of Union and Delaware Counties, and has always taken an active interest in all public improvements. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Mr. Pyne married January 3, 1865, to Miss Mary, a daughter of AVilliam Lee, a 132 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. native of Troy, Rensselaer County, N. Y. Two children born to this issue are living, viz.: Har- riet and Edward F. TABER RANDALL was born in AVindsor County, Vt., November 5, 1806. His father, Joshua Randall, a native of Plymouth, Mass., was born May 10, 1758; and his mother, Keziah Hawley, was born in Connecticut in 1767. They were married in Keene, N. H. In 1809, they removed to Essex County, N. Y., and in 1818 to Franklin County, Ohio, where they resided till 182.5, and removed to Huron, which afterward became Erie County, Ohio, where Mr. Randall died May 20, 1828. He was a Revolutionary patriot, having served from beginning to end as a minuteman in that war. Among the important battles in which he was engaged were Bunker Hill, burning of Charleston and New Bedford, and Sullivan's expedition to Long Island. He married for his first wife Hannah Randall, by whom he had four sons, all now deceased. By his second wife, Keziah Hawley, he had four sons and four daughters ; of these, two are living — Phebe, widow of Evans Carr deceased, and Taber, the subject of this sketch. The latter was reared and brought up to the shoe-maker's trade. In 1825, when eighteen years of age, he taught his first school in what is now Mill Creek Township. He then went to Huron County with his parents and taught one winter. In February, 1828, he returned to Mill Creek Township and resumed teaching, which he followed in all twelve years. In 1844, he was elected Justice of the Peace of Jackson Town- ship, and was four times choseuto that office. The kxst term, however, he i-esigned before its close, to accept the position of Clerk of the county. He served in this official capacity from 1854 to 1869, inclusive. From 1871 to 1879, he was employed in indexing the records of deeds and mortgages from 1820 to 1879. Mr. Randall was Clerk of Jackt-on Township sixteen years, and of Paris one year, and was the first Postmaster at Essex, Rush Creek Post Office. Since his residence in Marysville, he filled the office of Justice of the Peace one term. On January 1, 1832, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Cheney, a daughter of Ebenezer and Elizabeth (Owen) Cheney. She died in February, 1834, leaving four children— Phebe J., Mary K., Richard H. and Hannah E., all of whom are now deceased. Mr. Randall was married the second time, November 13, 1860, to Mrs. Jane Brophy, widow of William Brophy, and daughter of Stephenson and Sarah D. Curry. Mrs. Randall was born in Jerome Township in August, 1833. She had one child bu her former husband — Ida M., wife of L. H. Davis, of Delaware, Ohio. Mr. Randall is connected with the Masonic order and in politics is a Republican. J. N. RATH BUN, gardener, Marysville. The history of Union County presents the name of Rathbun among its distinguished families and pioneers. John Rathbun, the grandfather, was the first to locate a settlement, and clear a spot for a cabin in Darby Township, where he lived to the close of his earthly existence. He was a practicing physician, and during his time was pop- ularly and favorably known. Chai'les, his son, and father of our subject, was born and reared on the homestead, and adopted the pi-ofession of his father, in which he became successful. He moved and began the practice of his profession in Marysville ia 1845. He secured a large prac- tice, and remained with this people until 1862, when he removed to Washington County, Ind. where he died. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Russell, was a native of I»arby Township. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of seven living children, and was born on the homestead in Darby Township January 3, 1832. For twenty-five years, he was engaged in the mercantile trade in this city. In October, 1861, he enlisted his services to the Union army in Company F, Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He received promotion to the com- mand of Company C, at Bridgport, Ala., and was a participant in the battles of Port Repub- lic, June 9, 1862, where he received a wound in the side, and for a short time suffered confine- ment. Again in the field, he met the foe at Gettysburg, July 1, 2, 3, 1863 ; Lookout Mount- ain, November 24, 1863; Ringgold, Ga., September 11, 1863; Pumpkin Vine Creek, Ga., May 25,1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19, 1864; and Atlanta, Ga., July 21, 1864. He was mustered out at Atlanta, Ga., October 7, 1864. In 1880, Mr. R. settled on his pres- ent place, consisting of six and one-fourth acres of choice land, where he carries on extensive gardening operations. He was married July 5, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Tur- ner, and a native of Marysville, who died December 25, 1879. His present wife. Miss Mary C. Cranson, is a native of Allen Township, Union County. One child, Johb, Jr., has been born to this union. Capt. Rathbun is a solid Republican politically, a respectedmember of the I. 0. 0. F. society and G. A. R. S. L. REED, of the firm of S. L. Reed & Son, grocers, is a son of James Reed, who called himself James Reed the first, a native Pennsylvania, who was brought by his parents, Samuel and Elizabeth Reed, to this county. They were among the early settlers of Darby Township. James Reed married Miss Annie Robinson, who was born in Darby Township. The whole family connections show them to be among the earliest pioneers. The subject of this sketch was born in Darby Township, Union County, September 17, 1822. He was raised on the homestead farm, where he remained until twenty-oue years of age, when he went to Milford Center and worked at tanning and in the mill for sixteen successive years, during which time he resided in Greene County. In 1866, he returned to this city, and for fifteen years engaged in draying. This he abandoned in 1882 and established himself in the grocery business, which he has since con- ducted profitably and with increasing trade. He succeeded Thompson & Weld in this trade, and carries a large stock of well-selected groceries, crockery, etc. He was married in 1843 to PARIS TOWNSHIP. 133 Miss Margaret F., daughter of James Boals, of this county. Of the children born to this union, eight are living, as follows: Martha A., wife of William Longbrake ; Elizabeth J.; James H. married Elizabeth Sanderson; Alvira; Delia, wife of William Rhulen ; Emma; Cyrus, the junior member of the firm, and Robert Dyer. Mr. Reed is connected with the Presbyterian Church, and is widely known as a reliable business man and a worthy and esteemed citizen. JOSEPH K. RICHEY, farmer, P. 0. Marysville. The subject of this sketch, whose por- trait appears in this work, is a native of Beaver County, Penn., where he was born September 19, 1811, and is a son of William and Mary (Kane) Richey, the former a native of Cumberland County, Penn., and the latter of North Ireland; her parents were Scotch Protestants, and migrated from Scotland to the place of her nativity, thence to the United States when the mother of our subject was four years of age. The parents settled in Westmoreland County, Penn., where they passed the remainder of their days. The grandparents of Joseph, on his father's side, Adam and Elizabeth Richey, were of the same origin, and emigrated at an early date to the American shore and settled in the same county in Pennsylvania, where they both died. They had eight children, five sons and three daughters. The sons were .James, Thomas, Adam, William and John. The two eldest were soldiers in the Revolutionary war ; James served through the war and afterward settled in North Carolina. William, the father of our subject, was first married in Westmoreland County, Penn., to Miss Catherine 0. Hale, who bore him three daughters, Eliza- beth, Nancy and Mary. He moved with his family to Madison County, Ohio, in the spring of 1813, and settled in Darby Township, where he resided until 1819, when he moved to Dover Township, Union Co., where his wife died. By his second marriage, to Mary Kane, he had nine children, eight of whom are living, viz.: Martha, William, Catherine, James, Sarah, Ann, Mar- garet, Adam and Joseph K. Our subject, the youngest, was married December 24, 1835, to Miss Nancy, daughter of George and Susannah Longbrake. Mrs. Richey was born August 1, 1817, in Clark County, Ohio. This union produced four sons and three daughters, four of whom are living, as follows : Adam; Jay H.; Mary, wife of H. Lovelace; and Louisa, wife of V. Tui-ner. George, youngest son, enlisted in Company F, Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed by a shell on the battle-field of Port Republic, June !>, 1862. Mr. Ricliey cleared the land of the homestead, and at this time owns 52-5 acres, 400 of which are improved. He has taken an active interest in the growth and improvement of the county since its organization. He was Assessor of the Milford & Irwin pike, it being the first gravel road erected in the county. He served nine years as County Commissioner, and was one of the board in the construction of the first gravel roads in the county, to which improvement his last term was devoted in superin- tending. He has also filled other offices of minor importance, and is one of our oldest and most respected citizens. W. H. ROBB, retired. This worthy citizen and soldier is a son of Julin and Margaret (Ilillis) Eobb, the former a native of Washington County, Penn., and the latter of Kentucky. Robert, the grandparent, was born in Washington County, Penn., and served in the American Army through the Indian wars. Subsequently, he moved with his family to Kentucky, and was a distinguished pioneer of Lewis County, where he lived to the close of his life. John Robb was a participant in the war of 1812, and in the spring of 1842 moved and settled on a farm in Lib- erty Township, Union County, Ohio, where, together with his wife, they lived, rejoiced and sorrowed for twenty years, and together died in 1865. The subject of this sketch, whose por- trait appears in this work, was born in Lewis County, Ky., in January, 1826. He was raised on a farm, but was engaged as a salesman until his election as County Sherifi' in 1854. This official position he occupied two terms, when he pursued the mercantile trade, and in 1861 was elecied Representative from this county to the State Legislature. At the close of his term, he gave his service to his country's flag, and raised Company E, of the Eighty-sixth Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, three months' service, in which he was commissioned Captain June 3, 1862, and was mustered out at Delaware, Ohio, September 25, by reason of expired term of service. In 1864, he raised Company C, of the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he enlisted as a private, and was discharged therefrom as Captain May 12, 1865, by reason of disability resulting from wounds received in the service. He participated in the bat- ties of Decatur, Tenn., August 18, 1864; Overalls Creek, December 4, 1864, and in the charge during the battle of the Cedars he was severely wounded in the right arm, and conveyed from the field. He was confined in the hospital at Murfreesboro, Tenn., from December 4, 1864, until April 5, 1865, when he returned to his home. In the fall of the same year, he was elected County Treasurer. His abilities and fitness in the discharge of this important trust gave him re-election in 1867, closing his service the second term. In the spring of 1870, he was appointed United States Revenue Collector, in which capacity he served the Government five years. Sub- sequently he pursued the mercantile trade a few years, when he retired from the active duties of life. Mr. R. has passed the chair of High Priest in Masonry, and is Quartermaster in the G. A. R. He was married in Union County, Ohio, in 1850, to Miss Eliza J. Green, a native of New York State, wlio died after two years of wedded life. His second marriage, to Miss Amelia J. Turner, a native of Clark County, Ohio, occurred in 1855. This union has been blessed with four children, all of whom are living, viz. : Ella, eldest daughter, is a teacher of schools in Philadelphia; Willis 0., a Professor of languages and literature in the Cincinnati College, both 134 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. graduates of Wesleyan University ; Lillie and Lina, graduates of Farmers' College, Cincinuati. The family are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church of this city. JOHN W. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, son of .John W. and Elizabeth Robinson, early pioneers of this county, was born in Darby Township .Tanuary 11, 1831. He spent his early lite on his father's farm, and received his education in the common schools of his native place. February 8, 1855, he was united in marriage witli Miss Sarah Cole, a daughter of Daniel and Mary Cole, natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Robinson, anative of Washington County, Penti., was born May 24, 1831. Seven children were born to this union, viz.: Joseph H., Mary E., Aaron F., Jennie C, Carrie B., James E. and John C. In the spring of 1858, Mr. Robinson pur- chase I his present farm, where he has since resided, He owns 240 acres of well-improved land at a convenient distance from Marysville. He has always followed the avocation of agriculture and stock-raising, and with success. He was the organizer of Grange No. 404, and served as its first Master; is now Treasurer of the County Grange. He is serving his second term as member of the Board of Township Trustees. Politically, he is a Republican. He and family are associ- ated with the Presbyterian Church of Marysville. A\R0N B. ROBINSON, merchant and attorney, Marysville. The subject of this sketch is a lineal descendant of Union County's earliest pilgrims, and was born in Darby Township No- vember 10, 1833, and is a son of John W. and Elizabeth (Mitchel) Robinson, natives of Penn- sylvania. Judge David Mitchel was the first to settle in the limits of Union County, some time prior to 1800. He became prominently identified with its interests, and occupied the chair of Associate Judge a number of years. Aaron B. Robinson was reared on the homestead farm, and learned to labor with his hands. He acquired a primary education in the schools of this city, and entered Jefferson College at Cannonsburg for the completion of his collegiate studies. In the Junior year, his health failed him, and he was obliged to return home. Subsequently, he began the study of law, and in 1858 attended the Cincinnati Law School. He was admitted to the bar the following year, and began the practice of his profession in connection with his brother, Hon. J. W. Robinson, in that city. He volunteered his services to the Union army during the rebellion, and entered the service on the 22d day of August, 1862, as Captain of Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in most of the battles in which the regiment was engaged. He was wounded on the field of Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863, and sent home, where he remained three months, when he returned to his regiment and served through to the close of the war. He received promotion to Colonel of his regiment, but was mustered out as Lieutenant Colonel June 17, 1865. Pieturning to peaceful pursuits, he joined his brother in the manufacture of woolen goods in a mill located near Military and West streets. The brothers did an extensive business in this establishment, which closed in 1880, after a long and successful career. In 1879, Mr. Robinson erected the large and commodious store of his present premises, where he carries on an extensive trade in dry goods, carpets, etc. He is at this time, July, 1882, serving his second year as Representative to the Ohio Legislature, to which he was elected in 1879. Mr. Robinson was joined in marriage in 1868 to Miss Keziah, daughter of Alfred and Harriet Wilkins, wh"se family history appears in this portion of the work. Four children born to this union are all living, viz.: Harriet E., E. Gertrude, Martha E. and Alfred J. Mr. Robinson is a member of the G. A. R., and the family are members of the Presbyterian Church. JOHN B. ROBINSON, of the livery firm of Robinson & Mullen, Marysville. Mr. Robinson is politically a representative of the old-time Jacksonian Democracy, of loyal inhgritance, who gave his service to his country's flag, and on the battle-field secured the legacy herein trans- mitted to his chihlren, his country and his home. He was born in Jerome Township, Union County, in June, 1841. He was raised on a farm, and enlisted at Camp Chase, in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, August 9, 1861. The regiment was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and entered the field in September, 1861. He participated in the battle of Bull Pasture Mountain, Va., May 8, 1861, and was among the prisoners captured at Harper's Ferry, Va., October 11, 1861. He was exch.anged, and joined the forces under Gen. Grant at Vicksburg, Miss., and was assigned to the first line of advance through the siege and fall of that place. May to July 4, 1>63; also in the battle of Raymond, Miss., May 12, 1863; ('hampion Hills, Miss., May 16, 1863. At the close of Vicksburg, the regiment returned to Ohio on veteran furlough, was consolidated and joined Sherman at Resaca, Ga. He was in the advancing line at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June, 1864, and at Atlanta, Ga., was placed on the first skirmish line of advance before that place. Closely following the siege of Atlanta was Jonesboro, Ga., from August 19 to September 7, 1864. Then joining the victorious legions he marched with Sherman to the sea. He was again selected as one to advanee the line again«t Savannah, Ga., December 10, 1864. He was among the gallant leaders in the battle of G^ldsboro, N. C, March 21-24, 1865, and at the surrender of Johnston to the Union forces at Raleigh, April 26, 1865. Thence taking up the line of march homeward, through the grand review at Washington, and thence to Louisville, where he was discharged. Through all the privations and perils of war, he came out unscathed, and physically a more robust man. Returning to peaceful pursuiis, he engaged in farming, and in October, 1878, was married to Miss Sarah C, a daughter of Jesse and Jane Gill, of Union Township. Five children born to this Union are all living, viz.: James E., .\n- PARIS TOWNSHIP. 135 drew. Flora, Laura and Pearl, and all the grandchildren of Charles M. and Margaretta (Roney) Robinson, residents of this city. The subject of this sketch moved to Marysville in 1873 and began dealing in stock. Jle has a pure thoroughbred Norman, importeil from France, in 18(J7, at a cost of |3,000. His weight is 1,800 pounds, and in color he is white as snow. Mr. Robinson erected the stable he now occupies in 1878, and in June, 1881, Theodore Mullen was admitted a partner. This enterprising firm keep nothing but good stock, both in horses, buggies and carriages, and consume the great bulk of the city trade. They are courteous and obliging, and are worthy of the patronage they receive. 0. L. ROBINSON, commission merchant, Marysville. This family is among the oldest and most respected of Union County pioneers. Grandfiither, Thomas Robinson, left the Keystone State in 1805, and settled in Darby Township, where he passed the remaining years of his life. He raised a family of six children, five sons and one daughter, three of whom are living. The subject of this sketch is a son of John M. and Mary J. (Roney) Robinson, and was born on the tiomestead, in Jerome Township, Octobef 13, 1846. He was raised on a farm, and in 1862, en- listed in Company E, Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served four months in the field. In August, 1863, he re-enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and serve! in the field until March, 1864. Returning to peaceful pursixits, he was for one year engaged as a salesman at Columbus, when he established himself in the livery and stock business .t Plain City, Madison County. In 1871, he removed to Marysville and became engaged in the live-stock and commission bu-dness at Cleveland, Ohio, where he was established under the firm name of Hunt & Robinson. For the past four years, the firm of Hunt, Robinson & Greenlee, have, with a large capital, carried on an extensive trade in the purchase and sale of sheep, hogs and cattle, at the Cleveland stock yards. Mr. R. spends the summer months at his home in this city, where he is connected witli the wool trade. He is possessed of an active, persevering temperament, and is always busy. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, of Plain City, and of the G. A. R., of thi-s city. His marriage to Miss Julia Shipman, a native of Plain City, Madison County, Ohio, occurred in 1868. GEORGE P. ROBINSON, ^Marysville, is an offspring of one of the hardy pioneer fam- ilies of Union County. His grandfxther, Thomas, was among the foremost to erect a cabin in the limits of Darby Township, where he lived and died. His parents, Adam P. and Nancy J. (Marshall) Robinson, were both born in Darby Township in 1812. He was a resident of his native township until 1873, when he took up his residence in Marysville, where he died October 24, 1881. His life companion, who survives, is in the seventieth year of her age. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead August 9, 1843. He remained at home until the breaking- out of the rebellion, when he joined the boys in blue of the Fortieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, en- listing in Company D, August J 3, 1861. He participated in the battles of Duck River, Tenn., April 26, 1863; Chickamauga, Qa., September 19, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 24, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tenn., above the clouds, November 25, 1863; Pound Gap, Ky., April 19, 1864; Dalton, Ga., May 9, 1864; Resaca, Ga., May 13, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, June 10, July 2, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 21, November 9, 1864; Jones- boro, Ga., August 19, 1864; Lovejoy Station, Ga., July 29, 1864; and Buzzard's Roost, Ga., Feb- ruary 25-27, 1864. He was honorably discharged at Atlanta, Ga., October 7, 1864, and returned to his home. He engiged in teaching school and working on the farm until 1872, when he moved to North Lewisburg and opened a hai'dware store. Two years later he returned to this city and engaged in teaching and mercantile trade until 1875, when he was elected County Re- corder. He was re-elected in 1878, and occupied that position six years. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity, of the K. of P. and the G. A. R. His marriage to Miss Lydia E., daughter of Rev. P. Webster, and a native of Knox County, Ohio, occurred November 13, 1873. One child — Winefred C, is the only issue of this union. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson are con- nected with the Presbyterian Church. JAMES HAMILTON RONEY, son of James and Rachel (La Rue) Roney, was born in Chester County, Penn , .January 14, 1831. When two years of age, his father moved to Franklin County, Ohio, and eight years later, on the death of his parents, James went to live with a married sister, Mrs. Margaretta Robinson, in Jerome Township, Union County. On the 27th of September, 1853, he married Rebecca, daughter of William and Nancy (Bain) Bigger, and in the spring of 1867 moved to Marysville, where he and his family of three children — Anna, Nellie and Willie — still reside. Mr. Roney has been for more than thirty years a stock-dealer, and is the largest shipper in the county. DR. A. SABINE, Marysville. William (1) Sabine, the first progenitor, appeared in the town of Rehoboth, Mass., at the organization of the town in 1642. When he came to America, is not known ; but tradition says he came from Wales or the South of England, v/here he found refuge in flight from France. He was a Huguenot, and was a man of considerable culture, and possessing wealth, as is shown in the account of his estate and gifts for the relieving of the wants of those who suffered from the ravages of the Indians. He was one of the leading spirits of Rehoboth, in schools, church, and in affairs at Plymouth. We do not know who was his first wife, but she died shortly after 1660. He married second, Martha, daughter of James and Anna Allen, of Medfield, Mass. He died February 9, 1687. His will was made June 4, 1685, and 136 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. probated in Boston, July 17, 1687, during the administration of Gov. Andros. The original will is on file in Boston. In it are mentioned sixteen of his twenty children. Ilis children by his first wife were all born in Rehoboth, except the two eldest, whose place of birth is unknown. Benjamin (2) Sabine, fourth child by his first wife, was born M:iy 3, 1646, in Rehoboth, where he resided until 1676, when he removed to Roxbury, Mass., and in 1686 was one of the thirteen pioneers who settled Woodstock, Conn., and joined the same year in purchasing a l^rge tract of land lying just south of Woodstock — Mashanioquoit, the present town of Pomfret. He lived in Woodstock until 1705, when he reoQOved to his new purchase. He died in Pomfret July 21, 1725, aged eighty. He married, first, Sarah, daiighter, of John and Rebecca Polly, by whom he had four children. He married, second, Sarah Parker, July 5, 1678, by whom he had seven children. Nehemiah (3) Sabine, second child of Benjamin by his second wife, was born in Roxbury January 10, 1681. He marrifed Elizabeth Boyden, of Medfield, Mass., where he re- sided until about 1716, when he returned to Pomfret. He died July 5, 1746. He had seven children. Nehemiah (4) Sabine, fifth child of Nehemiah, Sr., was born in Medfield, Mass., September 9, 1713. He married Ruth Cooper, December 3, 1735, and had five childi-en. He died July 4, 1746. Nehemiah (5) Sabine, born in Pomfret, Conn., April 8, 1741 ; married Mary Rice, May 12, 1763, and settled in Tolland, Conn., where eight children were born. Nehemiah (6) Sabine [Nehemiah (5). Nehemiah (4), Nehemiah (3), Benjamin (2), William (1)], born in Tolland, Conn., March 18, 1777. Married, March 28, 1792, Susannah, daughter of Joseph Hawkins (son of James Hawkins, who came from England at an early day). He was a black- smith. Soon after marriage, he embraced religion, united with the Methodists, and was soon licensed to preach. Was preaching in Vergennes, Vt., in 1793; Whitestown, N. Y., in 1795; Pitsfield, N. Y., in 1798; St. Armans, Lower Canada, in 1800; Highgate, Vt., 1802, and in 1806 purchased a farm at Dunham, Lower Canada, where he remained until 1812. When war was declared between England and the States, he embraced the first opportunity to cross the line into Averment, where one of his parishioners was on picket Capt. On the 20th of September, 1812, with one two-horse and one three-horse wagon, and a family of nine children, he started for Ohio. Arrived in Worthington about the middle of November, 1812, where he wintered. During the summer of 1813, he purchased a farm on the south bank of Little Darby, on the post road, in what is now Union County, and built a cabin, Roswell, Laura and John F. occu- pying it immediately, the remainder of the family not being able to join them until spring, on account of high water. He died December 20, 1814, of "milk sickness." His wife, Susannah (Hawkins) Sabine, survived him, and died from injuries received in falling, at the home of her son, John F., in Marysville, Ohio, at the advanced age of ninety-four years. Their chiMren were as follows: Hiram, born March 18, 1793, died September 20, 1814, of milk sickness; Hylas, born November 16, 1795. died December 9, 1834, of consumption ; Dr. Roswell, born January 29, 1798, died March 11, 1875, of pneumonia; Laura, born September 12, 1800, died March 10,1880, of dropsy; John Fletcher, born December 9, 1802, living; Phebe, born January 31, 1805, died September 20, 1815, of milk sickness ; Asbury, born January 13, 1807, died April 8, 1845, of consumption; Rebecca T., born January 15. 1809, living (wife of Andrew Keyes) ; Dr. Charles W., born June 21, 1811, died Februarj- 15, 1842, of consumption; William R., born December 23, 1813, died June 24, 1835, of consumption. Milk sickness was really the pri- mary cause of death of those who died with phthisis consumption. John Fletcher (7) Sabine, born December 9, 1802, in Highgate, Vt., came to this county December 1, 1813. His father dying when he was but twelve yeai's old, the support of the family devolving upon him. He married, September 17, 1828, Euphenna, daughter of David Clement. Purchased a farm on Little Darby, near the homestead of Walter Dun, in the spring of 1828, where he resided until January, 1856, when he moved to Marysville, where he now resides. In politic."*, he was a Whig. He cast his first vote for Adams (John Quincy) in 1824, and has voted at every Presi- dential election and State election since. He was one of the first" Free-Soilers " in the country. Was elected Justice of the Peace in 1829 and held that office continuously until elected Auditor in 1855. Was elected Infirmary Director and held the office until forced to resign on account of ill health ; but as soon as his health was partially restored, was re-elected and now is Clerk of the Board of Directors. The following are his children: Hylas, born July 5, 1829, married Anna Ware, October 8, 1857; Anna W. Sabine, born February 24, 1864; Wallace C. Sabine, born June 13, 1868 ; Andrew Sabine, born January 11, 1881, married Louisa Leonard, October, 1860, son born April 23, 1863, wife died May 19, 1863, child died July 12, 1863, married Nannie Christabelle Brown, October 28, 1878, one child — Christabelle Sabine, born May 14, 1881 ; Hannah Sabine, born February 21, 1837, married Christopher Houston, March 26, 1861, four children — Alexander, born January 3, 1862, Archie born May 12, 1864, Freddy, born March 23, 1867, Anna Christine, born April, 1871 ; Marcha, born March 16, 1839, died May 28, 1865, one son — Clement Mitchell, living. Andrew (S) Sabine [John T. (7), Nehemiah (6), Nehemiah (5), Nehemiah (4), Nehemiah (3), Benjamin (2), William (1)], was born January 11, 1831, and educated in the district school, Marysville Academy, and Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. He attended medical lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Penn., in 1854-55-56, graduating in 1856. Practiced medicine in Rosedale, Madison Co., Ohio, for one year, when he received an appointment as physician to the Central Lunatic PARIS TOWNSHIP. 137 Asylum, Columbus, Ohio, where he remained for three years; resigning this position, he located, in the fall of 1860, at Atchison, Territory of Kansas, where he soon obtained a good business in his profession. In May, 1861, being informed by Senator Jim Lane that Kansas would not be called on for troops, he immediately returned to Ohio and presented himself to the First Exam- ining Board; not having ten years' experience as a physician, he could not be commissioned as Surgeon, but received the second commission, issued to Assist Surgeons, and was assigned to the Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was recruiting in Camp Chase ; he assisted in the examinations of the recruits for this regiment. His commission was not issued until the 2d of July, although he was with the regiment and on duty for about one month previous. Went to the Kanawha Valley, Va., in July, 1861, and was constantly with the command, much of the time the only medical officer. The duties were very arduous — nearly all of the soldiers were taken from comfortable homes and the exposure incident to camp life caused a vast amount of sickness; at one time in camp on " Big Sewell Mountain," we had nearly three hundred cases of measels. He went into winter quarters in Fayetteville, Va., but as soon as he got comfortably situated the Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry was ordered to Louisville, Ky., January, 1862, to report to Gen. Don Carlos Buell; was assigned to Hascall's bi'igade, Thomas I. Wood's division. As soon as the troops were organized into brigades and divisions, they were moved out on the road to Bowling Green, where the rebels were in force strongly fortified. We moved out in about six inches of snow, which soon became mud. This was a campaign which caused a large amount of sickness and was very severe on the surgeon, as the only sleep he could get would be on his horse on the march. While in Nashville, his regiment was complimented in general orders for "drill, cleanliness and health." He was with Buell at Pittsburg Landing ; here he had a large amount of surgical experience ; was appointed Medical Purveyor, and issued many tons of medicines during the siege of Corinth, and settled his accounts without the loss of a single package of medicine; was with his command, which was the first to enter Corinth. During the summer of 1862, he campaigned in Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky ; was at McMinnville, Tenn., when Buell's army commenced its race with Bragg, for Louisville, Ky.; at the Perry ville fight, followed Bragg nearly to Cumberland Gap, and returned to Nashville by the way of Columbia, Adams Co., Ky. At the battle of Stone River, was in charge of the hospital for Crittenden's corps. During the engagement, was twice taken prisoner; once taken to the Cedar brush by Dick McCan's Partisan Rangers to be hung, but was released by the op- portune passing by of rebel Gen. Joseph Wheeler, who ordered him back to his hospital ; the second time taken escaped while the rebels were retreating. After the battle of Stone River, was ordered to report to Gen. Straight, who was going out on a reconnoissance to find where the rebel army had gone; was without provisions most of the time and the tremendous rains made every stream a river. Turning suddenly cold on the day of his return, his clothing was frozen so solid that he had to be helped from his horse and carried to a fire and thawn out. AVas promoted to Surgeon for meritorious services and commissioned February 16, 1863, assigned to the Seventy-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and joined this regiment immediately at Young's Point, La. Soon after his arrival was appointed on an Examining Board of Surgeons, to examine candidates for Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons, who had been elected by vote of regiments, without regard to qualifications. Participated in all of the campaigns of Steele's division around Vicksburg, and during the battles that preceded the investment, and during the siege was one of three Surgeons who constituted the " Operating Board." After the surrender, he was Division Surgeon for his division on the campaign against Gen. Jo Johnston's army, which resulted in the capture of Canton, Miss., and the destruction of machine shops and many miles of railroad, and the second capture of Jackson, Miss. On the re-organization of the Army of the Tennessee, the Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division of the Fifteenth Army Corps. In the movement across from Memphis, Tenn., to the relief of Chattano iga, the First Division marched from Corinth, south of the Tennessee River, to cover the main body of troops, who were going by rail. Soon after leaving Corinth, the division encountered about 10,000 rebel cavalry, and fought with them every day until the balance of the army had reached the vicinity of Chattanooga. This was a very hard campaign for the Surgeon, as they never left a wounded soldier to the mercy of the enemy. All of the wounded were taken with the command and well cared for until they reached Stephenson, where the wounded were sent to the hospital, and the command reached Chattanooga and was bor- rowed by Hooker and participated in the "battle above the clouds." Next day was in the battle of Mission Ridge, and after this was, November 27, in the bloody Ringgold fight, Taylor's Ridge. These engagements following in such rapid succession, gave the Surgeons an immense amount of work. In the winter of 1863-64, on the organization of the army for the Atlanta campaign, he was re-appointed one of the three Surgeons who constituted the " Operating Board" for the First Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, and continued to serve in this capacity until the close of the war. Was constantly with his command during the Atlanta campaign in the "march to the sea," and the winter and spi"ing campaign through the Carolinas. Served four years and one month in the field, and during the whole time he was never absent from his command when it was on the march or in any skirmish or battle, and was always out with a detachment of the command when it went on any expedition, and frequently was out with other 138 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. commauds. He never hesitated in obeying the orders of his superior officer. Never excused from duty on account of sickness. Repeatedly performed all operations that are incident to battles— amputations of toes, foot, leg and thigh, many successful amputations through upper third, and neck of femur, excisions of shoulder joints, elbow and knee joint, and very many of shaft of bones, of ribs, and all manner of wounds of head and every portion of the human system. He was mustered out with his command at the close of the war. In 1866, he purchased a quarry of hydraulectum and built a mill on Silver Creek, in Clark County, Ind., six miles from Jeffer- sonville. He was successful in business, and invested some of his earnings in a Savings Bank ; the cashier stole the money and much of the deposits, and he, with three other directors, have paid the depositors out of their private funds. This loss, with a large amount of security debts, has materially diminished his finances. He returned to Ohio in 1878, and is now engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Marysville, Ohio. FRED. J. SAGER, County Surveyor, Marysville, is the youngest sofa of Frederick and Michell (Jolly) Sager, natives of Union County. The former was a larmer and miller by occupa- tion. He built the mill at Unionville and operated it until his death. He died November 6, 1858, aged forty-eight years two months and twenty-eight days. He was the sixth child of a family of thirteen children. He and his brother John owned the land and laid out the town of Unionville. Michell Jolly was a daughter of John Jolly, an early settler of this county. He w.iS a man of literary habits, and possessed a very good education for his time. In 179-3, he wrote a treatise on mathematics, which is still in existence in manuscript form. It is an ex- haustive work, showing considerable ability, and embraces the science of mathamatics in all its branches, including geometry, trigonometry and surveying. He taught school, surveyed, kept accounts for farmers and served as the educated man of the settlements for miles around. Christian Sager, the grandfather of our subject, was one of a family of six children, and a native of Loudoun County, Va. He married Elizabeth Shoverat Frederickstown, Va., and in the begin- ning of the present centurj--, came to Ohio with his parents, George and Elizabeth (Sheets) Sager. The latter were the parents of nine children. The subject of this sketch was born at Union- ville, this county, September 26, 1851. When four years old his mother died, and two years later he was made an orphan by the death of his father. He was raised by three uncles until fifteen years of age, when he went to Delaware and worked his way through the union school and partly through college. He sawed wood, made garden and did odd jobs around town to obtain the means necessary to enable him to complete his education. After leaving school, he taught for two or three years in Delaware and Union Coui.tie^, and then began surveying. In the fall of 1875, he was elected Surveyor of Union County, taking his seat in the following spring, and is still the incumbent of that office, having been re-elected at the fall elections of 1878 and 1881. He has made an efficient and worthy servant of the public, and has accom- plished work that shall stand as a monument of his ability long after his official term shall have expired. He has engineered over 200 miles of gravel road, and over 100 county and township ditches. In connection with the surveyors of the adjoining counties he has locaied, established and permanently marked the boundary lines of the county. He was one of the charter members of the Ohio Society of Surveyors and Civil Engineers, a scientific organization, embracing most of the prominent engineers of the slate, and having for its design the mutual benefit of its members in the discussion of scientific questions and other matters relating to the profession. Mr. Sager has been an active member of the society, and was elected President of the organization for 1882, and re-elected to the same tffice for the year 1883. He has made a study of and extensive researches in the land tenure of the State, and has made an especial study of the Greenville treaty line, of which he has thorough and complete information. On October 16, 1876, hemairied Miss Frances L Partridge, daughter of Reuben L. and Maria (Wolford) Partridge, two of ihe oldest residents of Marysville, the latter being the oldest native born citizen living in the town. To this union one child has been born, viz.: Frederick P. Mr. Sager is a member of the 1. 0. 0. F. Lodge of Marysville. During the rebellion his b'-other, Francis M., enlisted in Company D, Fortieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and, after a year's service through the campaigns in Kentucky, he contracted consumption, and returning home, died in a few days. The only other survivor of ^Ir. Sagers parents is the present wife of J. P. Martin, of Darby Township. She is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan Female Seminary, of Delaware, of Ihe class of '68. Mr. Sager also has a half-sister living, who is a daughter of his father by his second marriage to Martha Marmon, of Logan County. 0. M. SCOTT, hardware merchant, Marysville. The senior member of the firm of 0. M. Scott & Bro., whose name appears at the head of this sketch, came to this city in the spring of 1866, and established business- under the firm name of Henderson & Scott. In 1869, Hender- son withdrew his interest, and Mr. Scott succeeding, carried on the bu'^iness with sin interval of two years until 1882, when his brother was admitted to the concern. Mr. Scott occupied his present location in February, 1880, but continued in the sale of agricultural implements and manufacture of tinware at the old stand. The firm carry a stock of $15,000 to $20,000, and occupy the upper floors in manufacturing, and employ from twelve to fifteen men. We may judge something of the magnitude of their business when we record their sales of nearly $75,000 for the year 1881. The subject of this sketch was born in Licking County, Ohio, (l>A^i^^^-^ ^ PARIS TOWNSHIP. 141 in 1837, and is the second son of James and Mary (Joselyn) Scott, the former a native of Washington County, Peun., and the latter of Maine. The parents, with Hugh, the father of James, settled in Licking County, Ohio, and were among its early pioneers. James, with bis family, removed to Delaware County, Ohio, in 1857, where he resided until the death of Lis wife in 1879, when he came to Marysville and is at this time, July, 1882, living with his son Judson J., in the seventy-sixih year of his age. 0. M. Scott gave his services to his country in the three years' call for volunteers, and enlisted September 14, 1862, in Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was assigned to the Commissary Department most of the time, but paricipated in many of the hard-fought battles in which the regiment was engaged. He was wounded at the ba'tle of Bentonville, N. C, March 18, ISe.'', while acting on the Staif of Gen. John G. Mitchell. He was dischar./ed at Washington, D. C, as First Lieuten- ant, in May, 1865. He was married, in 1870, to Miss Hattie B., daughter of John Guthrie, and a native of Licking County, Ohio. Four cnildren w shly as though these occurrences took place but yesterday. He was a man of marked characteristics; be despised meanness of every kind, and his advice was always in the right direction. A i urer, and more warm-hearted man, and a greater sympathizer in the misfortunes of others, Union County never had. He was more than a fsitbcr to the stranger, in the counsel and aid he afforded him to get him on his feet again. Thus in the g lo 1 provi lenceof God, he was en ibled in the course of a few years to pay off the balance of his surety debts, and Mr. Hamibon in full fur his part of the office. The good henefact' r wnuM often Fay, seeing the despondeicy of hii ward, for such he actually was, "Never niind the debt owing to me; fiist clear tip all your other iucumbrances and leave mine till I ask for it." With such encouragement, and such backing, the new proprietor of the Tribune had a heart to worlv, ■which he did day und night, till final relief came by the hardest industry and closest economy. His history since he has re- sidpd in Marysville, is as well known to the cit'zens cf thi* county as it is to himself. He took charg:e of the Tribune Ociober 1, 1858, and for over twenty-four years has published it contin- uously without missing a number. There are many link-* in the chain of his experience with men, that mipht be of benefit to young men who are ^triving to lay a basis for future business operations ; but the publishers of this history will cii elude that quite enough of space has been consumed alrearJy by these business experiences. It may be well enough, howevir, to drop this advice to those young men who contemplate g<'ing into business for themselves: Have a definite object in view, and pursue it wiih energy; ami tyeware above all things of assuming re- sponsibilities for others in whose business relations ynu have n > interest whatever. Bee ming surety fur others never made any man rich but h^ s brought countkss thousands to ruin and poveity. Be obliging where you can be, wiihout iijury to yourselves; have a due regard fort the rights of others, and bear in mind that you musi have rej^pect for others, if you wish others to have respect for you. " Honor and shame from no condition rise. Act well your part, there all the honor lits." The subject of this biography published a ptiper in Somerset for nineteen ye^rs, which added to the twenty-four years of journulism in Marysville, gives a period of forty -three years in the profession as ediior and publisher. He has been twice martied; first to Mat Ida Rf.ara, September 8, 1842, with whom he lived twen'y-iwo and a half years; she died in Maysville, March 'Jo, 1865. Two children are living by this union — Mrs. Dr. Ziegler, of < olumhus, and W. 0. Shearer, of the Tribune office. The second marriage was with Mrs. J. A .loliiison, net Carson, wiih whom he lived thirteen years, lacking eight days. She died October 22, 1881. By this union there is one son — John H. She;trer, Jr. Thi-j Ihst marriage was consumiiiiited Octyt;er 22, 1868. And now in the winding up of this brief narrative, it msiy be well enough 144 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. to make an opsn ackaowledgement that life at be3t is a struggrle to those who start out without assistance or even friendly advice. It matters little, however, in the end, what tlie struggle may have been, so it has bean male honestly. The question after all, that concerns us most is the one that has been askei ten? of thousands of times along the earthly journey, " If a man die shall he live again ? " HENRYSIIERLDAN, proprietor of the Continental llote', Marygville, was born in New York City May 23, 1849. His parents, Richard B. and Anna (Hughes) Sheridan, were also naiives of New York C'ty. Mr. Sheridan was a carpenter and joiner by occupation, which ti-ade he learned wheu seventeen years of age. lie followed it successfully for tiftcen years. In 1855, he superintended the erecion of the City Assembly rooms, between Nos. 442 and 450 Broad- way, New York. After their completion, he was made manager, and had charge of ihem until 1865. He was a member of the School Board of the Fourteenth Ward, for six years, and died May 13, 1870, aged fifty year.^. His wife preceded him April 1, 1863. Henry, the subject of this sketch, was reared in the city, and educated in its public schools. He was associated with his father in the hotel business — managing the City Assembly Rooms till 1865, when tliey were destroyed by fire. He was then engiged in building till his father's death, when he and his brother, Fr*nk Sheridan, took charge of the Central Hotel, corner of One Hundred and Thir. ieth street and Third avenue, New York City. Mr. Sheridan remained in business at the Central till 1874, when lie came to St. Paris, Champaign Co., Ohio. He conducted the American House till .June, 1877, when lie leased the Continental Hotel. Mr. Sheridan took charge of the •' Con- tinental " when it had a very small business, and by his judicious management he built up and established a large transient trade. The close attention which he bestows upon his guests, com- bined with his genial and a-^commodating manner, renders him a most admii*able landlord. In December, 1882, much to the regret of the people of Marysville, Mr. Sheridan removed to Cir- cleville. Ohio, and opened the New American House, the large-t and most complete hotel in that city. Mr. Sheridan was married, January 4, 1872, to Aliss Guss-ie Vanness, a daughter of George and Anna C. Vanness. Mrs. Sheridan was born in Hughesville, Warren Co., N. J., July 19, 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Sheridan were blessed with four children ; of these two are living — Charles Albert and Henry Chester. Harry LeGrand and Earl LaRue are deceased. ISRAEL SLACK, was born in Chester County, Penn., September 11,1824. When a boy, his parents, Thomas and Mary (Roney) Slack, died. He was taken by his uncle, Charles Honey, with whom he remained till of age. In 1836, he came with his uncle and family to Washington Township, Franklin Co., Ohio. Mr. Slack is the youngest son. He was brought up on a farm, and received his training in the common schools. On April 6, 1848, he was married to Miss Emily J. Urton, daughter of John and Keziah (Bishop) Urton, of Loudoun County, Va. They removed to Franklin County, Ohio, in 1827, where they both died, the former January 24, 1855, and the latter October 4, 1852. They were the parents of eleven childi*en, of whom Mi'S. Slack is the third daughter. She was born in Loudoun County, Va., April 7, 1826. Mr. Slack resided near Dublin till the f.dl of 1849, when he removed to Jerome Township and purchased 117} acres of land, in 1852, in Mill Creek Township. The following year he located on it and remained a res- ident there until 1880, when he sold and removed to Marysville. He owns a farm of 146 acres in Paris Township, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising, making a leading feature of keeping fine horses. Mr. Slack served as a member of the Agricultural Board of the Fair, six years, and two tei'ms as Trustee of Mill Creek Township. In the spring cf 1882, he was elected to the City Council. Mr. and Mrs. Slack have reared and educated William H. Morrow, and now have a niece. Miss Fanny Slack. Mr. and Mrs. Slack are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Slack is identified widi the society of I. 0. 0. F. JOHN S. SMART, one of the old pioneers of Mill Creek Township, was born in Frankliti Coun- ty, Ohio, March 2l), 1811. He is a son of Isaac and Susan (Swope) Smart, and a grandson of William Smart, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Isaac Smart and family emigrated to Ohio prior to the war of 1812, and settled near Columbus. He was called out against Great Britian, but peace was declared and the war closed without him serving. He died in Hamilton Township, Franklin County, in^l828, leaving six children by his first wife and six by his second wife. Our subject is the youngest of the children by the first wife. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of the day, which were by no means noted for their ex- cellence. His fiither died when he was but seventeen years of age, and he was left to do for him- self. He spent sevei-al years among the farmers working at 25 cents and 81k cents per day, and $7.50 per month. He sometimes worked for three bushels of oats per day, which he t-old for 10 cents per bushel, to be taken out in goods. In 1829, he came to Union County, and worked by the month till 1833, when he purchased fifty-three acres of land in Mill Creek Township. Mr. Smart began life a poor boy, but by indomitable energy and perseverance he acquired a hand- some competence. His farm contains 211 acres of land, most of whicli he cleared and improved himself. He was marrieil, .May 20, 1833, to Miss ^lary Robinson, daughter of Asa and Cathe- rine (Myers) Robinson, early pioneers of Union County. .VIrs. Smart was born in Franklin County May 16, 1816. Of eleven children born to this union nine are living, viz. : Cath- erine J., wife of Isaac Breckenridge ; Joseph T., Olive P., Isaac; Samanlha, wife of Charles Richey ; As*, Susan, wife of James McCurgan; William, and Ettie, wife of Silas McKittrick. TARIS TOWNSHIP. 145 John H. and Margaret A. are deceased. In October, 1881, Mr. Smart removed to MarjsviUe, and retired from active pursuits. He and his wife are connected with the Presbyter.an Church. He served as a member of the Board of Trustees of Mill Creek Township two years, besides other local offices of minor importance. Politically, he is Democratic. ELON E. SMITH, firm Smith & Converse, livery si able, Marysville. Elon E. Smith springs from an eld and respected pioneer family of Union. His father (Edward D.) was born at East Monlpelier, Vt., July 26, 1818. Crocker Smith (father of Edmund) was also a native of Vermont, who, with his family, selected a location in Darby Township in 1832, where he cleared a farm aiul-passed the remainder of his life. Edmund was raised on the homestead, and has a well-improved farm of 73 acres near the old locition. He served the county as Com- missioner one term, and has been Justice of the Peace upward of thirty years. During the late rebellion, he raised a company of horse, but on account of poor health did not enter the field. At this time he is suffering from severe injuries received by a kick from a colt, and is confined most of the time in doors. He is connected with the Church Universal of Plain City, and is widely and fsxvorably known He was married January 27, 1842, to Miss Elizabeth Dee, who died November 27, 1846. Two children were born to this union, both deceased.' His second marriage to Lavinia Bailey, a native of Essex County, N. Y., and a daughter of William and Laura McCauley, occurred October 7, 1847. Of the children born to this union four are living, of whom our subject ie the eldest and only son, and was born in Darby Township in 1848. He has always followed farming as an occupation until his removal to this city in 1882, and under the copartnership succeeded Snodgrass in their present livery business. The firm, although young in the business, are building up a large and reliable trade. They have good stock, and above all are reliable lausiness men. Mr. Smith was iLarried in December, 1869, to Miss Orinda J., a daughter of Caleb Converse, and a native of Darby Township. One boy (Harry E.) is the fruit of this union. J. D. SNYDER, bakery, restaurant and ice cream parlors, Marysville. Mr. Snyder is of German extraction and is possessed of the push and enterprise so prominent in that stock. His birth occurred at Lancaster County, Penn., in 1852, at which place his parents, Burnett and Elizabeth (Sentnor) Snyder, settled in the year of their emigration frcm Germany, 1832. She died when our subject was three years of age, and his father subsequently moved to Columbus, Ohio, and was engaged some years at bis trade, a mason. He spent the latter years of his life at Dayton, Ohio, where he died in 1871. The subject of this sketch was married May 4, 1879, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Richard and Catharine Ousler, a native of Manchester, Md. One child (Alice) bom to this issue is living. Mr. Snyder is a member of the K. P. and I. 0. 0. F. societies, and the fumily are all membeis of the Presbj'terian Church of this city. J. M.- SOUTHARD, physician, Marysville. Among the prominent and successful practitioners in the medical profession of Union County, appears the name of Dr. J. M. Southard. • His birth occurred in Adams County, Ohio, December 16, 1825. He was raised on a farm in Licking County, Ohio, and received his primary education in the common schools of that county. He read medicine in the office of Dr. Waters and Dr. Rowe, of Newark, Ohio, when he entered the Starling Medical College at Columbus, from which he graduated in 1854. After attending two courses of lectures in the same school, ho moved to this city and began the practice of his profession. He has established an extensive business and is among the hard workers of the fraternity. His parents, Isaiah and Elizabeth (Parnell) Southard, were natives of Pennsylvania and Maryland respectively, whose families v»ere amorg the earliest pioneers of Licking County. Both are residents of that county at this time, living in the enjoyment of a ripe old age. WILLIAM STALEY, farmer, P. 0. Maiysville, v\ as born in Greene County, Ohio, October 17, 1833, and the following November his parents, San.uel and Catharine (Hall) Staley, removed to this 'county and located on the Farm now occupied by George Wilbur. His parents were born in the year 1800, his fathei" in January, and his mother in June. Mr. Staley was by occupation a miller, and in 1825 he built a n.ill on the Miami Rivtr. He died December 29, 1880. Our subject was reared by his parents till twelve years of age when he apprenticed himself to learn the blacksmith trade with John Cowder, of Marysville. He worked at his trade till his marriage, November 21, 1855, with Miss Eoxie J. Anirine, a daughter of John and Nancy Amrine. He then purchased a farm near the j^mrineMill, which he cultivated eight yeais, then removed to Marysville and was engaged in the grocery trade with G. W. Donly seven months. In 1864, he bought his present farm, which contains eighty acres. He has since followed the pursuits of his farm and rearing Spanish Merino sheep. Be has seven children, viz.: Julia B., Simon L., Walter M., Hattie, George W., Nettie and Jennie. One child (Josephine) is deceased. Mr. ancl Mrs. Staley are associated as members of the Amrine Molhodist Episcopal Church. In politics, he is an advocate of the doctrines and principles of the Republican party. S. STERN & SON, clothiers, Marysville. This establishment was opened to the public in August, 1878. The house carries a stock of frcm $il0,0C0 to $;20,CC0, and has a very satisfactory trade. The senior member of the firm v as a native of Germany and embarked to the United States in 1847. He located in New York City, and for a short time engaged in the dry goods trade, when he went to Victoria, British Columbia, and opened a large slock of goods, of which 146 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. he was robbed by the Indiana, who carried off the entire stock. He returned East and located again in business at Syracuse, N. Y., where he remained twelve years. He then moved his stock to Delaware, Ohio, where for fifteen years he carried on a large clothing business. Subsequently he took up his residence at Philadelpliia, Penn., and engaged in business until his health com- pelled him to relinquish all active pursuits. Here he remained until his death, in 1881. He was married in New York City in 18-38, to Miss Regina Loewi, a native of Germany. The chil- dren born to this union all are living, as follows: Ralph S., eldest son, is in charge of the store at Delaware, Oliio; Hannah, wife of Lee Reinheimer, of Fairmoant, W. Va.; Daniel S., in charge of the store at Marysville, Ohio. Ralph married Minnie Friedlicli, of Piqua, Ohio. Lena, residing at home witli her mother at Philadelphia ; M. E., also in the Marysville store; Fannie and Satie, both at liorae. M. THOMPSON, physician, Marysville, has been nearly a life-long resident of Union County, and his fa^nily were among its early pilgrims. His parents, .John W. and Sarah (Mc- Ciure) Thompson, were natives of Washington and* Beaver Counties, Penn., respectively. They selected a home and moved to Paris Township, Union County, in 1845, where they both lived and died. He attained considerable prominence, and served the coun'y as Recorder six years. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of five c'lildren, an 1 was born in Beaver County, Penn., August 1, 1828. He received his primary education in the Marysville Academy, and in 1852 began the study of medicine. He passed a thoi'ough course of studies at the Starling Medical College during 1856-57, and for twelve years was a resident physician of Pharisburg. In 186y, he became interested in the growth and advancement of Marysville, and further increased its enterprise by forming a partnership with W. L. Miller, and erecting the Marysville Mills. This tirra continued in successful operation until 1872, when the firm dissolved, and Mr. Thomp- son became sole proprietor. The building is 32x52 feet, three stories high, and cost about $12,000. It has a run of four buhrs of stone, and a daily capacity of forty barrels. Mr. Thomp- son has been quite successful in the milling business, which forms one of the largest manufact- uring interests of the city. He was married. May 17, 1857, to Miss Elizabeth C. Hull, a native of Cecil County, Md. The children born to this issue are John H., Charles A. and Jennie B. Mr. Thompson is a member of the Masonic order and the family are connected with the Pres- byterian Cnurch. ALVIN THOMPSON, retired, Marysville. John W. Thompson, the father of Alvin, ■was a native of Washington County, Penn. His wife, who was Sarah McClure, was born in Beaver County, Penn., where they were married and passeil a portion of their lives. In 1815, he moved with his family and settled on a farm three miles north of Marysville, where he resideil until 1854, at which time he was elected County Recorder and took up his residence in this city. He was re-elected in 1857, and served in that position six years. They were de- voted and life-long members of the Presbyterian Church, ami journeyed together earth's pil- grimage until separated by death. His demise occurred in 1875; she survived until 1880. They were the parents of five children, three of whom are living, as follows: M. Thompson, whose sketch appears in this work; Milton, who married Matilda Amrine, of Peoria, Ohio, and Alvin, youngest son and subject of this sketch, who sv^s born in Carroll County, Ohio, in 1837. He was educated in the academy of this city, and served as Township Treasurer, and Clerk, and Cor- poration Clerk for some years. At the hreaking-out of the rebellion, in 1861, hejoined the forces of the Union army, in Company D, of the First Ohio Cavalry, and served in the field over three years. He participated in the battles of Stone River, December 31, 1862; Chattanooga, Tenn., August 21, 1863, and the Atlanta campaign, July 29 to August 1, 1S64. He was appointed Postmaster of Marysville under President Johnson in 1867, which position he occupied until 1880. Subse- quently, he engaged in the mercantile trade a short time, when he retired from the active pur- suits of life. He was married in 1865, to Miss Ellen P., daughter of the Rev. James Smith, an eminent divine of the Presbyterian Church, and one of Union Count;^s early pioneers. He officiated in the pulpit of the Presbyterian Church of this city until near the close of his life, and was a pastor who lived in the hearts of his people, beloved and respected by all. Mr. Thompson is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., the G. A. R., and the father of two children, both of whom are living, viz.: Ella M. and Mary D. The family are connected with the Presbyterian Church. REV. HOMER THRALL, pistor of the Congregational Church, IMarysville, was born in Granville Township, Licking C^mnty, Ohio, October 27, 1832. He is a son of Linus G. and Lucy (W.alcott) Thrall, the former a native of Rutland, Vt., and the latter of Washington County, Ohio. His father removed to Licking County, Ohio, in 1815, where our subject was born and reared. lie was educated in Kenyon College, of Gambier, Onio, from which iasti- tution he graduated in 1853. He tcok up the reading of law and prosecuted its studies with Buckingham & VVhite, of Newirk, and sub^eqienily with Judge L. P. Marsh, of Zmesville; he was admittel to the .Muskingum County bar in 1855, and the next year he went to Ot- tumwa, Iowa, and taught school; returning to Ohio, he resumed the profession which he fol- lowed till the ra^ellion broke out. He recruited Company B, of the Seventeenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for the three-months' service. He was chosen its Captain and served PARIS TOWNSHIP. 147 till the expiration of tbe term, when be returned home and organized Company D, of the Twenty-Second Regiment Olno Volunteer Infantry. He was elected Captain, and acted in this capacity till November, 18ti"2, when he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He was engaged in the following important battles : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege and battle of Corinth, and sifge of Vicksburg, after which he, with his regiment, were transferred to Ar- kansas, and accompanied Gen. Steele on his expedition to Little Rock, thence to Brownsville, Tenn., and subsequently to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where he was discharged in November, 1864, with the honors of a faithful soldier and an efficient officer. At the close of his military career Col. Thrall relumed home, and in 1867 entered the ministry of the Congregational Church at Alexandria, Licking County. He served on that charge a year and a halt, then went to Litch- field, Medina County, where his pastoral labors continued till December, 1879, when he came to Marysville. Rev. Thrall has faithfully performed the duties of his sicred calling, and as both minister and pastor he is liighly esteemed. On October 7, 1868, he was joined in marriage to Miss Emma Boudinot, daughter of Elisha and Henrietta Boudinot. Of five children born to this marriage two are living — Linus, born December 27, 1868, and Joupha, born February 20, 1878. Heorietta, Homer and Freddie are deceased. AARON W. TORRENCE, sign and decorative painter, Marysville, was born in Greece County, Ohio, August 14, 1834 and is a son of David and Sarah A. (Finnev) Torrence, the former aKentuckian by binh, and the latter wasboruon Braddack's Field, near Pittsburgh, Penn. His maternal grandparent, .John Finney, was a State Pioneer and an esrly settler of Knox County, Ohio. Subiequently he moved to Greene County, where he died. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was with the American Army of 2,000 men that were surrendered by the recreant officer, Gen. Hull, at Detroit, August 16, 1812. The subject of this sketch was lett .an orphan when a child, and was brought up in Xenia, Greene County, Ohio. He learned the art of sign and decorative painting, at which he became efiicient and success- ful. He Wis married in 1854, at Xenia, Ohio, to Miss Jane.G., daughter of Thomas Kennedy and a native of Virginia. Mr. Torrence came to this city in 1858, established his business, and in the following year located with his family. In December, 1863, he enlisied in the Second Brigade, Sixth Army Corps Band, and served until the close of the war. He was through the bar.tles of the Wilderness, with Gen. Grant, at Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor. Peters- burg and Mouocicy. Returning to the peaceful pursuits of life, he has since industriously worked at his trade. The eldest of his three children, Ida, is the wife of Ira Gordon, a clerk in the Surgeon General's office at Washington, D. C; Abba and Emma reside at home. Mr. Torrence is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and has been connected with the I. 0. 0. F. Society for the past twenty years. Politically, he is a thorough and stanch Republican. GEOPiGE TRAPP, farmer and brick manufacturer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, October 20, 1848. He is the eldest son of Frederick and Elizabeth B. (Borger) Trapp, who were natives of Bavaria, Germany. Mr. Trapp was born July 12, 1822, and emi- grated to the United States with his parents in 1842. His death occurred in Franklin County, February 20, 1882. Mrs. Trapp was born , , and now resides in Franklin County. George was reared to manhood on a farm, and received his education mostly in Cen- tral College. In 1874, he removed to Union County and purchased fifty acres, whereon he now resides. February 25, 1875, he married Anna C. Nicol, a native of Union County, and a daughter of John G. and Margaret Nicol. She was b'irn February 12, 1856. Their two children are Mag- gie M., born February 28, 1876, and Fred W. P., born March 14, 1879. Mr. Trapp is en- gaged in farming and brick-making since the spring of 1875. He and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a Democrat. GEORGE H. TURNER, farmer, P. 0., Marysville, is a native of Clark County, and was born January 20, 1822. His father, Aquilla Turner, was born in Harford County, Md., January 20, 1802. His parents, Thomas and .Jemima Turner, migrated to the West, and settled in I lark County about 1807. They removed to Madison County in 1824-25, and in 1837 to Paris Township, Union County, where they both died in old age. Aquilla married Frances Judy, a native of Greene County, Ohio, and had ten children — five sons and five daughters. Mr. Turner died in January, 1871, and Mrs. T. is deceased. George is the eldest child. He was brought up on' a farm and received his training in the common schools, and followed the pursuit of teaching five years. He was married October 18, 1859, to JNIercy Barker, a daughter of John and Polly Barker. She was born near Marysville January 7, 1832. Of seven children by this marriage five are living: Henderson, Olive A., a teacher ; James M., Mercy S. and Frances. Mr. Turner assisted his father in clearing up a farm of 191 acres of land, which was sittiated in woods when they first located it. In 1847, our subject bought seventy-five acres, and has occupied it since 1860. He has added to his first purchase till he has become the owner of 220 acres of well im- proved land. His occupation has alwaj's been that of the independent farmer. He and wife are associated as members of the Christian Church. Politically, he is a Republican. H. C. VOSBUP>,Y, furniture dealer, Marysville. This gentleman springs from the Empire State, and was born in Broome County, N. Y., in 1847. In the pursuit of business he started Westward in 1865, finding a location in this city, where he became engaged with a produce mer- 148 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. chant. Two years afterwarJ, he embarked in the same business at Columbus, Ind., which he pur- sued until 1871, when he returned to Marysville, and in 1875 opened a furniture stoi-e in the Hasten building. In the spring of 1878, he occupied hi.s present commodious quarters, which he has thoroughly stocked with a complete assortment of furniture, caskets, etc. He carries on un- dertaking, in which department he has invested considerable capital. He has an eye to business, and has succeeded in securing a large patronage. His father, Ambrose S., was a native of Broome County, N. Y., where he died in 186:2. His mother, Harriet E. Tyrrell, was born in the same county, where she resided until the fall of 1882, when she moved to Nebraska. Mr. V. was mar- ried in 1870 to Miss Mary J., daughter of li. L. Partridge, of this city. He is a member of the Masonic order and I. 0. 0. F. society. UWIGHT WEBB, Postmaster, Marysville. Genial, social Dwight Webb is a fine type of New England stock. His parents, William II. and Harriet (Clark) Webb, were both natives of Connecticut, and among the I'ioneers of Clark County, Ohio. In 1830, the family moved and set- tled near Milford Center, Union County, Ohio, where they are at this time living. The subject of this sketch is the oldest of five living children, and was born in Clark County, Ohio, November 2, 1841. He was raised on a farm, and learned to labor with his hands. In August, 1861, he joined the ranks of the Union army, in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was returned home from Vicksburg .January 25, 1864, to recruit for a commission as Second Lieutenant, which was received February 5, 1864, and was again promoted First Lieutenant Oc- tober 12, and placed in charge of Company F. July 18, 1865, he was promoted to a Captaincy, and was serving in that rank at the close of the war. He was a participant in twenty bat- tles and skirmishes. Anjong the principal battles were Harper's Ferry, Va., May 28 and Sep- tember 12, 1862; rear of Vicksburg and siege of that stronghold, May 18 to .July 4, 1862; Mary- land Heights, Va., July 4 and 7, 1864; siege of Atlanta, July 22 to September 2, 1864, and in the grand march with Sherman to the sea. He was tiken prisoner while on areconnoissance at Pocotaligo, S. C, and sent to Charleston, S. C, and, with four comrades, was placed under the charge of William J. G'lyner, an attorney, and at that time Provost Marshal of that city. They were confined in a room over his ofSce, and were well cared for by this gentleman, who undoubtedly entertained Union sentiments and was loyal at heart. They were afterward removed to the resi- dence of his mother, and when paroled, February 16, 1865, left their cozy quarters, where they were found by the Union soldiers. James E., a brother of Mr. Webb, was killed at Har- per's Ferry. Returning to peaceful pursuits, Capt. Webb engaged in the mercantile trade for six years at Milford Center, at the expiration of wliich time he disposed of his stock in trade, and, with a purchase of horses, crossed the ocean to England. After three months absence he returned, and visited the oil regions of Pennsylvania. Here he made unfavorable investments, and returned to this city in 1872. In the spring of thesame year he formed a copartnership with B. W. Keyes in the grocery business, with whom he was associated until his appointment as Post- master of Marysville, in 1880. In this capacity he has proved himself worthy of the important position, and as a citizen, a public officer, a tried soldier and a man, he is highly esteemed. He was married in 1863 to Miss Daphne, a daughter of Andrew Keyes, a pioneer of Union County, of which she is a native. Three Children were born to this i-!sue, two of whom are living, viz.: Clara A. and William A. CONRAD WEIDMAN, farmer. P. 0. Marysville, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, April 11, 1833. His parents, Louis and Elizabeth (Gates) Weidman, emigrated to the United States when he was but five years of age, and settled in Paris Township, this county, where Mr. Weidman died in March, 1863. Mrs. Weidman's death occurred February 15, 1882. Conrad remained on his fiither's farm fill eighteen years of age, when he took up the saddler's trade and worked at it five years, then learned carpentering, which he followed till 1876, when he removed near Dover, and in April of 1877, he took possession of his present farm which con- tains 104 acres. October, 1858, he was joined in marriage to Mary Van Drow, who bore him eight children — Lizzie, Theodore, Lu Tell, James, Charlie, Tipie, Trusilla and Luther, deceased. Mrs. AVeidman is a daughter of John and Margaret Van Drow. Mr. W. and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics, Mr. W. is a Democrat. EDWARD WELLER, tile manufacturer, Marysville. The first tile manufactured in Union County, was produced by Edward Weller in about 1855. He learned the trade of his father, Thomas, who was a native of Sussex County, Eng., and emigrated to the United States in 1827. He selected his home in Seneca County, Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his life ; his wife's maiden name was Mar}' Rumnens, who died in the mother country when our sulyeot was eight years of age. He (Edward) was born in Sussex Cjunty, Eng , in 1808. When twenty- two years of age, he sailed to America, and stopping two years at Schenectady, N. Y., he pushed on westward to Franklin County, Ohio, and to this county in 1834, locating at Watkins. In 1852, he occupied his present loca'ion, which at this writing embraces ninety acres of land. The tile manufactory is located convenient to his residence, where he is almost constantly employed; he has built up an immense business, and turns out on an average 100,000 tile per year. Personally, Mr. W. may be regarded as a self made man. He was almost destitute of means, but was possessed of strong ambition, a good constitution, and the natural elements of character and disposition to succeed. His hair is silvered with the frosts of seventy-five win- PARIS TOWNSHIP. 151 ters, yet he may be found always at work with his men, making every moment valuable through life. In addition to his business he owns in various townships in this county, 533 acres of land, most of which is under cultivation. He was married in Sussex County, Eng., in 1828, to Miss Philadelphia Burgess, a native of that county. To this issue ten children have been born, eight of whom are living — Thomas, who married Finira Layman, and resides in Pennis County, Mo. ; Harriet, wife of Nelson Hyland, resides at Kenton, Ohio; Betsey, married Asa Carter, who enlisted in the Thirty-fourth Zouaves, was promoted to Captain, in which capacity he was acting when killed on the field at Winchester; Belinda, wife of David Jloore of this county; John, who married Emma Judy, and are residents of this county; Edward, who married Vina Brown- ing, resides at the homestead, and has three children — Ada, Tillie and Nellie ; Mary, who mar- ried William Guy, and resides in Marion County, Ohio ; and Melissa, wife of G. D. Hawley of this county. J. B. WHELPLY, retired, Marysville. This gentleman added one to the population of Union County March 24, 1827. His father, Joseph, was a native of Montpelier, Vt., who came to this county in 1813, and located in Union Town:. suc- ceeding J. W. Wilcox. The firm carry a full and compUta stock of goods, with an investment of $12,0C0 to $15,000, and have created a lucrative and enjoyable trade. The subject of this sketch was born in Noble County, Ohio, ia 1845. For fourreeu years prior to his ciming to this city, he was engaged in the same business at AUensville, Vintm Co., Ohio. His father, Joseph Wilcox, was a native of Delaware, and settled in Vinton County, where he parsed the remainder of his life. His mother, Mary J. McClenahnn. was born in Ireland, and is a resi- dent of Vinton County, .at this time. They raised a family of nine children, eight of whom are living. Robert S., the senior partner of this firm, is a native of Noble County, Ohio, and was engaged in business at Hamplon, in that county, for some years. Both brothers enlisted in the One Hundred and Ssventy-eighth Otio Volunteer Infantry in July, 1864, and served until the close of the rebellion. The firm possess good business qualifications, and are able at all times to be courteous, gentlemanly and obliging. J. M. WILKINS, dry goods, Marysville. We take some pride in the perpetuation of the Wilkins family, worthy as the present generation are, and possessing the persevering qualifi- cations transmitted from its venerable head, for he, the father, was characterized by ttie luster of honor, nobleness and integrity, Alfred F. Wilkins, the fattier of our subject, was a native of Saratoga County, N. Y., from whioh point he made his way to Union County, and settled in the north part of the county, being among its primitive pioneers He was a protessiontil sur- veyor, and was elected Surveyor of the county in 1854. His competency and valued services re-elected him to the same position in 1857 and 1860. He was a futhful oflScer and discharged the duties of that office uniil January, 1864. He was Deputy County Treasurer, under David D, Welch, from October, 1861, to the close of 1865. As xMayor of the city several years, he gave unbounded satisfaction, and during his eventful career, won the esteem of his fellow- citizens, which, cherished in memory, will last as long as life and reason endure. He became widely and favorably known while proprietor of the American House, and at the time of his death, in 1876, was Justice of tHe Peace. Hi:! wife, Harriet J. (Stewart) Wilkins, who survives, was a. native of Saratoga County, N. Y., and bm-e him six children, all of whom are living, as follows: J. C, married Nannie Bradley, and resides in Springfield, Ohio ; Beriah, married Emma J. Robinson, of this city; Keziah, wife of Hon. A. B. Robinson; Charles F., married Josie M. Buxton; John M.; and Joseph S., who was married, July 30, 1881, to iSIiss Min- nie, daughter of George Camp, of this city, by whom he has one child. C. F. WILKINS, third son of Alfred F. and Harriet J. Wilkins, was born in York Town- ship October 7, 1852. When four years of age his parents moved to Marysville, where he was reared to manhood. His education was principally received in the public schools of the town. From 1861 to 1806, he kept a fruit stand on Main street; he was then employed as clerk for the firm of J. C. and Beriah Wilkins, merchants, till March, 1870, when he took the same posi- tion in the factory store of Robinson & Robinson. In June, 1876, he became a partner in this establishment, and is .an active member of the firm. In 1877-78-79, he was associated with Robinson & Robinson in the manufacture of woolen goods. In November, 1882, he purchased the book and stationery store of Joe S. Wilkins, but soon after disposed of it. Mr. Wilkins was married August 17, 187t), to Miss Josie M. Buxton, a daughter of Darius Buxton of this place. Mr. Wilkins U identified with the I. O. 0. F. and K. of P. Politically, he is Democratic. "W. M. WINGET, Justice of the Peace and rieiler in Jersey cattle, Mirysville, was a son of Calvin Winget, a native of Marietta, Ohio. His wife, Cynthia il. Irwin, was a daughter of Squire John Irwin, who was the father of a Large family, and became well known among the pioneer familiis of Union County. The subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in PARIS TOWNSHIP. 153 this work, was bora in Unioa Township, Union Co., Ohio, June 1, 1829. He acquired his edu- cation in the schools of this city, and locatt^d at Pleasant Valley, learning (he sad fiery and harness-making trade. He wasniarriel at Milford Center, Union County, November 29, 1858, to Miss Cynthia H. Culver, a native of this county, and soon af er established himself in business at that place. He served Union Township as Clerk, fourteen or tifleen years, and in 1875, was elected Clerk of the Courls, of Union Co.mty, which office he filled two terms. He was Mayor of the. city of Milford four terms. Justice of the Peace many years, and at this time acts in that capacity. He enlisted. May 2. 1864, as Commissary Sergeant, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guards, and served until the expiration of bis term of service in August, 1864. He re-enlisted September 2, of the s ime year, as Cooamissary Serg»aut of the One Hundred and Seventy-ninih Ohio Volunteer Inf^intry, and was houorably discharged as such May 29, 1865. During his long cireer among the business men of this city, he has become popular as a citizen, honored as a friend and neighbor, and respected by all. He ba^ passed all the degrees in .Masonry but one, and is an eminent officer of that fiatemity, and also is a member of the G. A. R. His living children are Hatiie, wife of C. W. Newman, of Madiscn County; William E., a student of medicine in the office of Dr. Blinn ; Lizzie, a graduate of the high school in the clrtss of 1882, and Mary E. DAVID C. WINGET, retired, Marysville. This aged and respected pioneer is a native of Union Township, where he was born October 22, 181)3. His father, Stephen, was a native of Washington County, Penn., who in company with Calvin Carey the maternal grandparent of our subject, crossed the AUeghanies on horseback with all their worldly goods, and located in Uuion Township in season to plant a crop in the spring of 1801. Returning to Pennsylvania in the fall, they brought their families and selected a home on the waters of the Big Darby. Carey made the first clearing where Franklin now stands, but afterward moved to Champaign County. Stephen lived to enjoy pioneer life but about seven years after his coming. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm, but in early life served three years' apprenticeship at the carpen- ter's trade in Urbana, Ohio. He was a thorough and natural workman, and pursued his avoca- tion until unable to do so, when he retired to the enjoyment of his long life of labor and re- ward. His mother, Hannah Carey, was a native of Washington County, Penn., and the mother of six children. Of this generation but two are living — David C. and i^ne sister, Phebe, wife of Capt. James Curry. Mr. W. was married in 1827, to Miss Rhoda, a daughter of Alex Reed, of this county; of the children born to this union, four are living, as follows: Marion A., who married Anna Converse, and reside at Columbus; Curry, married Sarah Pratt, and reside in Dakota Territory; J.Preston, married Lizzie Phillips, and Harvey H., who is in the regular United Stales Army, located at Washington Territory. The second child, Calvin R., enlisted in the Seventy-third Illinois Volunteer Infintry, and was Adjutant of that regiment when killed on September 20, 1863, on the field of Chickamauga. Also Curry, J. P. and Harvey, served in the Union army during the rebellion. Mrs. David C. Winget died in August, 1857, and he was again united to Miss Lucinda, daughter of James Reed, a pioneer family. Two children are the fruits o/ this union, one of whom is living — David F. at this time. July, 1882, engaged as telegraph operator at Catawba, Ohio. Mr. W. was at one time Mayor of Plain City, Madison County, and for some years served as Justice of the Peace, and in other important offices of trust. He numbers among the oldest living residents of Union County. SAMUEL B. WOODBULIN. The genealogy of the Woodburn family proves their descent, in the paternal line, from the old Scotch-Irish Covenanters. The first of the name in the United States was Robert Woodburn, who emigrated 'about the year 1776. He eiiected a permanent settlement at Carlisle, Penn., where he was married to Miss Mary Laidley, a native of Ken- tucky; who died leaving three sons. He again married, this time to Miss Sarah Barr, of Wash- ington County, Penn., by whom he had ten children — Mary, Elizabeth, Margaret, Sarah, Samuel B., the subject of this sketch, Martha, John, Jane, James and William. Samuel B., whose name heads this sketch, was born in Alercer County, Penn., January 22, 1812. In 1816, his family moved to Gallipoli3, Ohio, and the following year to Greene County, where his father died in 1825 Samuel, being the eldest son, the charge of the family fell to him. He sought a location near Xenia, Ohio, and for six years was diligently engagetl in hauling merchandise from that point to Cincinnati. By rigid economy, he was enabled in 1841 to join his brother John in the purchase of llOJ acres of land in Jerome Township. Subsequently he bought his brother's in- terest, and laid out the village of New California. He served eight years as Commissioner of the Marysville, New California & Franklin County Free Turnpike, built under the free turnpike law, passed by the State Legislature in 1842. It has since become a gravel road, and Mr. Wood- burn continues to act in the capacity of Commissioner. For eighteen consecutive years, he served Jerome Township as Justice of the Peace. During the rebellion, he was an active worker in saising money and men to fill the quota from Jerome Township, and it was largely if not en- tirely due to his eiforts that his township escaped the draft. His hair is silvered with the frost of threescore and ten years, yet his active energies predominate, and he is enabled to bear his part in the walks of men with the full vigor of his prime. His marriage to Miss Lovinia, daughter of John and Anna Henderson, occurred February 8, 1843. Of the ten children born to this union, seven are living — Robert L., Clois C, Florence A., Emma A., Louella, Hamer C. 154 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. and Maud. R. L. Woodburn, the eldest son and child, was born at the old homestead in Jerome Township. November 26, 1843, he entered the ranks of the Union army as First Corporal of Company B, Eighty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 20, 1863, and served in the field till honorably discharged in February, 1864. His collegiate education was acquired in the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which institution, he graduated in the class of 1869. During the college term he became interested in, and acted as financial editor of the Western Collegian, now the College Transcript, a semi-monthly devoted to educational matters. He commenced the reading of law in 1869, under the preceptorship of Hon. .J. W. Robinson and L. Piper. Com- pleting his studies in November, 1871, he at once began the practice of his chosen profession in this city, where he has since been continuously and successfully engaged since his residence in Marysville, he has displayed an active interest in educational affairs. In August, 1870, he was instrumental in organizing the first Teacher's Association in the county. He has been a mem- ber of the Board of County Examiners since 1872, and clerk of the board since 1874. He was also a member of the committee that selected the design and superintended the erection of the fine school edifice, which is a worthy monument to the capacity of the board. From 1877 to 1881, he filled the chair of Prosecutor of the county with the highest satisfaction and efficiency. He was one of the founders of the Building and Loan Association, formed in July, 1872, and acted as its Secretary till the close of its successful career in 1881. In 1871, he became a Mas- ter Mason in Mirysville Lodge, No. 1.3S, F. & A. M., and in 1872 became a Royal Arch Mason in Marysville, Chapter Nj. 99. He took the Knight Templar degrees in 1873, at Raper Com- mandry. No. 19, at Urbana, Ohio, and in 1878 took the Scottish Rite degrees or 32°, at Cincin- nati Consistory. WILLIAM W. WOODS, deceased, was born Miy 13, 1814, on the AVood.s farm, on the Big Darby, about three miles below Milford, in Union County, aad died at Marysville Decem- ber 27, 1881, having been identified with the growth of every material interest of Marysville and Union County throughout a long and wonderfully active business life. He was the young- est chill of Rev. Samuel Woods, a Prcsb,terian minister, who settled on Big Darby in 1807, and was the first pastor of the Presbyterian Ciurch of Upper and Lover Liberty the latter having been first located on the Woods firm, but afterward removed to Milford, and the former on the James Ewing farm, near Plain City. These churches were his charge until his early death, April 27, 1815. Mrs. Woods, left a widow with five young children in what was then a wilderness, and with small means at her command, made a farm out of the wild land, with the aid of her boys, educated all her children well, as education went in those days, and even sent one of them (Col. Jtmes F. Woods, now a prominent member of the Pennsylvania bar, and the only one of the children surviving), to college. It is needless to say that she was a woman of greiten;rgy, but she also possessed in a high dei^ree those rarer qualities, good judgment, sound common sense, and an industry and perseverance that no obstacle could defeat. Added to these, her high moral and social standing made her a woman of mark in her town and neighbor- h.od. William received somelhiu^ more than a common school education, having been for some- time in a select school, under the instructions of Hon. John Gabriel, who was a thorough scholar and a teacher of more than ordinary force and influence, and Judge Woods, in after life, often spoke gratefully ot the instructions he received in this school. Otherwise his life, until twenty- one, was scarcely more eventful than that of other boys on similar farms. It had enough of hard work, few comforts, and no luxuries, but it sent him into active business life a clean man, with no vices, a constitution like iron, and such physical heilth as few men enjo}*. Life on the fdim did not fill the measure of his ambition, but throughout his busy career ie never lost his interest in farm operation?. Even when engaged in &everal business enterprises, any one of which would have been burden enough for an ordinary man, no farmer in the county wai better informed as to market prices of all fttrm products, and he was, in nearly all cases, a wise coun- selor, as thousands of friendly farmers who came to him again aad again for advice can testify. And his knowledge of the duties of farm work aad stock-raising was always a surprise to those who knew what treasures his well-stored mind possessed in other directions. His first expe- rience in business was as an itinerant book-agent, in Pittsburgh, Peun., and while only moder- ately successful, it was rich enough in experience, an 1 he was an apt scholar. He never forgot this early experience, and always had a warm side for book-agents and roving canvassers of every sort, always receiving them with kindness and encouragement, and generally with some- thing more substantial than sympathy. When this venture had lo3t its charm, he went to the old home of his parents in Washington and Westmoreland Counties, and embarked in busi- ness, but soon sold out and returned to Union County, and in August, 1837, located permanent- ly in Marysville, forming a partnership with Stephen McLain, in a general mercantile business. The partnership lasted but a few months, but Mr. Woods continued the business successfully up to 1840, building up a prosperous trade. In the meantime, in 1839, he had married Miss MtrLha J. Thompson, who survives him. The year 1840 was the turning point of his business life. He bought and slaughtered hogs with the expectation of large profiis; packed the pork, and shipped it to Montreal, Canada, where he sold it in the spring of 1841, at a loss that left him a bankrupt— about $13,000 in PARIS TOWNSHIP. 155 debf, and with only $3,000 in assets — $2,000 in gold, tlie proceeds of bis sales of pork, and the balance in notes. A debt of $10,000, in those early days, was appalling, greater than one of $150,000 would be now, but Judge Woods never faltered in the determination to pay every dollar of it. Eight here he faced the very serious question whether he ought to apply his assets to his in- debtedness, or hold it as capital. After advising with friends, he took the latier course, secur- ing his larger debts by his brother's indorsement, giving notes held by him as collateral for smaller debts, and thus securing an extension of time on most liabilities. He then addressed himself to his work with that matchless energy and judgment that marked the whole of his subsequent caret r. His first move was to purchase depreciated bank paper. At the time of his failure in 1841, many of the banks in the West had foiled, among them those at Urbana, Granville. West Union and many others. Their paper, in ordinary business, was worth but a small per cent, but by law, the bank issuing it was compelled to take it at par on debts owing to it. Mr. Woods' plan was to hunt up debtors of these banks and arrange to pay their debts to the bank. He then bought up the depreciated paper at a large discount, paid the debts, taking a mortgage or deed on the land on which the debts v^ere levied, the debtors getting a share of the profits, and an extension of time. The profits of this business were |5,000 in one year, but the success was won by an f mount of work that few cculd have accom- plished in the same time. The money was bouffht of brokers in Cincinnati, Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Time after time Mr. Woods visited those cities, traveling always on horseback, and frequently when the roads were at their worst. But neither bad roads nor bad weath- er could discourage him. When the time came to go, he always started. The business of the first year had exhausted his money. It had been faithfully applied to the payment of his debts, but one half of his liabilities still stood against him. In casting about to find some other means to meet these debts, which he regarded as sacred, he formed a partnership with Mains Wasson, in the mercantile trade. Mi*. Wasson furnishing the capital and credit, and Mr. AVoods contracting to do the work of the firm. This was in 1842, and times were hard and selling goods unprofitable. The people were poor, and if goods were sold, they must be sold on credit, and credit of indefinite length at that, but Mr. Woods was equal to the occasion. When customers owed and could not pay money, he would arrange with them to take stock, grain, or any sort of produce that he could market, and thus turn his goods into money and win trade. The business grew rapidly and prospered, and help was needed to do the work of the store, but Mr. AVasson held to the contract, and Mrs. Woods stepped in to aid her hus- band, keeping the books and doing other work in the store, so that, with the aid of a boy, he was able to carry on the business at a slightly increased expense. So the business went on until 1850. Times had improved, and the business had been highly profitable to both partners. Mr. Woods' debts were paid, dollar for dollar, principal and interest, to the last cent, and he was once more master of moderate capital. An anecdote of the time when he was struggling with this load of debts will give some idea of his wonderfully keen insight into men, and his pers'ua- siveness. A farmer and son and hired man were working in a field, when they saw Mr. Woods coming down the road on horseback and at once guessed that he wanted to buy the farmer's wool, and after a hasty consultation, they decided that it would not be safe to sell it to him, as he had just failed and probably could not pay for it. The father went down to the fence, deter- mined not to sell, but soon came back and said, "I sold him that wool." The son protested, but the father continued, " Well, I'd rather be swindled by Bill Woods than to sell to any other man in Union County and get my money." There was nothing in his after life in which .Judge Woods gloried as he did in this manful struggle with an overwhelmiag debt, and there is no doubt that the ten years of life it cost him were thus well spent, ripening his character, establishing a good credit, and preparin g him for an enlarged business career. About this date, the project of a railroad was started; Judge Woods, always public spirited, subscribed and paid f 1,000 to the stock of the company, though he could ill afford such a sum, and rendered other aid that was invaluable. From 1850 to 1854, he again engaged in mercantile trade, and carried on the asliery business, on a large scale, the latter business being very profitable for several years. When the railroad was finished, he built the grain ware house, still in use in Marysville, and began dealing in grain, and at the time of his death the firm of which he was the head, practically controlled the grain trade for twenty miles along the railroad, a monopoly, it must be said, which was never abaseil. In 1854, Mr. Woods left the mercantile business permanently, and established the Bank of Marysville, in company with Mr. H. Anderson, of Marysville, and J. C. Evans, of Delaware. Later, Mr. Woods purchased the interests of his partners, and made a new alliance with Hon. C S. Hamilton and Mr. David Welch, as partners, and Mr. T. J. Buxton, now President of the City Bank of Minneopolis, Minn., as Cashier. After the tragic death of Mr. Hamilton, another change took place, and the firm of Fullington, Phellis & Woods, was formed, under which title was built up the largest private banking business in Ohio, outside of the larger cities. In addition to these various enterprises, several of which were carried on simultaneously, and in all of which he was the master spirit, he was interested, from time to time, in the pur- 156 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. chase of wool, stock, and other farm products. He also bought and sold real estate, especially farm piopeity, and was for several years the responsible head of the Marysville Lumber & But- ter Tub Company, which, though not profitable in itself, gave employment to many men, and give an impulse to the growth of Marysville, where such help was much needed. la 1875, he bought a large tract of fertile farming land in Minnesota, and at the time of his death, owned several of the finest stock and wheat farms, one of 2,400 acres, in that distant State. To all these interests he gave a more or less close personal supervision, and possessed a knowledge of details in each, that was scarcely less than marvelous, and which gave some hint of what he mi"-ht have accomplished if he had early cast his lot in a large city, where, while following a single line of busiaess, he might have found a field broad enough for the e.xercise of his un- paralleled energies, without constantly pushing out in new directions. As it was, beginning in 1841, loaded with an appallin? debt, and apparently hopelessly insolvent, he died in 1881, prob- ably the wealthiest man in Union County. The qualiiies of head and heart that enabled him to win this success, are worthy of study and imitation. He possessed in an eminent degree a quick perception and sound judgment and busin' ss capacity of the highest or ler. His decision once made, he followed on to the end with rare skill, and an energy, patience and perseverance that often wrested victory from defeat. But above all, he was just and fair in all his business relations. No other man in Union County could rally around him such an army of attached employes. Always courteous and kindly, he added to this generosity in all his dealings as an employer. He alwiys paid the highest wages of the time in cash. This insurt-d him the best service. His employes seldom left him, as long as he needed their help, and when they began life or busiaess for themselves, he never lost his personal interest in them, and many of those who worked for him by the month, years since, are now among the wealthiest and most prosperous men in the community. They had learned the art of doing business in a good school, and had the secret of success, and few of them failed to consult "The Judge," in all important and in many cases trifling matters of busi- ness. In fact, during the latter year? ot his life, a large portion of his time was comsumed by those who came to him for advice on all sorts of matters, business and personal. Tiie kindly nature of the man invited confidence, and the care with whicli he considered every matter, even the most trifling, that was thus brought to his attention, insured a wise and well considered an- swer. Hundreds of Union County men can date the beginning of their success to following wise suggestions given by Judge Woods, without money and without price. Thus far the character of Judge Woods as a business man only, has been presented, as that was the field in which he was most active. Yet no matter of public interest, escaped his atten- tion. Never an extreme partisan, he took the deepest interest in tlie results of elections. Orig- inally a Whig, he, at an early day, became an anti-slavery man, and with that strong and help- ful sympathy for the down-trodden and oppressed everywhere, blackand white, heranged him- self with the Abolitionists at a time when it cost something to avow anti-slavery opinions. While his residence was too conspicuous to be made a depot for the "underground railroad," few fugitives passed that way who did not have a kind and encouraging word, and substantial help from him, before they crossed the bridge over the Scioto on their way to Canada. Old residents who recall those stirring times will remember the active part he took in sev- eral cases when slaves were retaken in Union County, especially that of "Bob and Lucinda," when tlie excitement ran high, and Judge Woods, with others, employed the ablest counsel in the county for their defense. His part in other cases caused frequent threats of mobbing, and on more thnn one occasion he was urged by friends to leave his home and remain away until the excitement cooled. It is not necessary to say that he remained at home, ready for consulta- tion in any emergency. So much for the business and public life of one who, by virtue of his long and successful career, and his identification with every public enterprise, must appear as a conspicous figure in the early history of Union County. That his matchless business qualities were supplemented by a gent'rous nature, as true as steel, and as tender as a woman's, those know best who were ad- mitted 10 the inner circle of his friendship. At home he was thoughtful for others and careless of himself. In his later years, failing health called for fortitude and patience, but in the most intense suffering, that courtesy and thoughtfuluess for others, which made for him so many warm friends, and was the most potent element of success in business, never forsook him, and the comfort and welfare of those about him were always uppermost in his heart. His widow and tw 1 daughters, the elder now Mrs. V. G. Hush, and the younger, Mrs. A. G. Wilcox, all re- side in Minneapolis, Minn., which, at his own request, was the place of his burial. Judge Woods was a man of rare social qualities, possessing fine conversational powers, backed by a fund of anecdote and a keen sense of humor. He was al-o a good listener, qualities rarely found united, and was alwuys a geni^il companion. To those less fortunate than liimselt, he w:is always most courteous and kindly, and no one who was deserving ever appealed to him for help in vain, and it is the poor who will remember him longest and respect him most. No man ever harbored less malice than he. His most intimate friends never heard him speak un- kindly of his enemies, and he suffered bitter wrongs in silence rather than depart from that practice which was the embodiment of his faith, "with malice toward none but with charity for PARIS TOWNSHIP. 157 all." AVhile a liberal giver to every public enterprise, always ready to do his part, and more than his part, he aided the poor without parade, and indeed with the utmost secrecy. Many kind deeds were unknown, even to members of his own family, until h'n death brought to light many tear-staiued letters, thanking him for help in time of sore need. He never passed a blind begger without giving, without considering his deserts. At one time when visiting Niagara witli his daughter, the cirriage pissed a blind man at a gate, but, not having change in his pocket (he s-ldom carried money), drove by, and the circumstance was forgotten, until months afterward the daughter, in looking over old papers, found an acknowledgment of the receipt of $1 " for the blind man at the gate," by a gentleman in business near the locality, whose ac- quaintance Judge Woods had made in his brief stay. His friend added in a postscript, '• You made this poor rnan happy for one day, at least." In the multiplicity of his cares, he had found time to recall this unfortunate, whom he had seen but once, and to whom he had never spoken. In 1849, when the Free-Soil party held the balance of power in the Legislature, he was (without his knowledge) elected an Associate Judge of the Common Pleas Court of Union County, and performed the duties of the office to the satisfaction of both people and bar until the adop- tion of the present Constitution in 1851. At the organization of the Republican party, Judge Woods joined it, and remained an active Piepublican and a zaalous supporter of the Government during ihe war, giving liberally and freely of his me ins for the aid of soldiers and their families, as well as for all other purposes that could aid the Government in the prosecution of the war. Later he cared little about party, generally voting independently, but in his later year-i, inclining to the Democratic side, with that generous impulse that always led his strong nature to sympa- thize wiih the weaker party in all contest. He was in no sense an office seeker ; his taste and ability led him into business, and in that field his greatest triumphs were actiieved. He was a man who was always equal to the occasion, and if he had been called into public life, the same sagacity which enabled him to distance competition in business would have soon made him a leader in anv public body. JOHN H. WOOD, notion store, Marysville. John H. Wood is one of the oldest native-born business man of this city. His father, Ira Wood, was a native of Vermont, and among the early practitioners of medicine in Union County. He first located in a log house at the springs, and became a resident physican of Marysville in 1825. He was Justice of the Peace some years, and in 1839 was stricken with milk sickness, from which he died. His wife Margaret was born in the Keystone State, and lived threescore years and ten of her life, dying in 188 ). Tlie subject of this sketch was the eldest of eight children, and was born at the homestead, corner of Main and South streets, December 12, 1832. His father purchased this building in 1827, which at this writing remains the only old landmark near the business part of the town. Mr. AVood is a pharmacist by profession, and established drug business upon the site now occupied by McCloud & Brother, in 1856. -Two years later, it was nearly destroyed by fire, but rebuilt pnd occupied until 1860, when j\Ir. Wood erected the present edifice. The following year the firm of Wood & Fields was established, but was dissolved in 18G8. In 1871, he further im- proved the place by erecting his present business place. His brother Harvey became associated with him at this time, and they opened to the public a complete stock of notions. In 1880, Har- vey withdrew from the firm, and Mr. Wood has since continued alone. He carries a very neat stock of about $4,000 to $5,000, and has a liberal patronage. He has served this city and town- ship as Treasurer for the past fifteen years, and is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. and Masonic fraternities. Mr. Wood was married to Miss Abbie, a daughter of Dr. Rathburn, a pioneer phy- sician of this county. Carrie and John E. are their living children. HARVEY S. WOOD, nurseryman, Marysville, is a native of Marysville, Union County, Ohio, where he was born December 10, 1839, and is the youngest son of Ira and Margaret Woof), na- tives of New York and Pennsylvania respectively. Ira with his lather, John U., were tiniong the first families to join in the early settlements of this county. The subject of this sketch in eariy life was engaged as a salesman in his native city, and at the breaking-out of the rebellion, he gave his service to the Union army and entered the ranks of the Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infan- try, in April, 1861. He served the call of four months, and re-enlisted October 2(.i, 1861, as pri- vate in Company F, Sixteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served three years. He received promotion to First Sergeant, in October, 1S62, and Second Lieutenant the same year, in which rank he was taken prisoner at Chickasaw Bayou, Mississijiju, December 29, 1862, and was con- fined in Liliby Prison at Richmond, Va., until May 7, 1863, when he was exchanged and re- turned to the service at Vicksburg, and^participated in the siege and surrender of that strong- Uold. Soon after the battle of Jackson, Miss., in 1863, the superior officer, Capt. Monroe, died, and Lieut. Wood succeeded to the command of the company, in which rank he served to the close. Prior to his ca[iture, he engaged in the battles of Mill Springs, Ky., January 19, 1862; Cumb3rland Gap, Tenn., June 18, 1862; Tazewell, Tenn., August 6, 1862; Mandhester, Tenn.. Au- gust 29, 1862. He was honorably discharged November 25, 1864. Returning to peaceful pur- suits, he was engaged in the dry goods business at Richwood, Union County, until the close of 1866, when he formed a copartnership with an urcle, in a wholesale notion house at I'elle'on- taine, Ohio. His uncle's death occurred the following year, and the stock was closed out. Mr. W. returned to Marysville and joined his brother John H. in the wholesale and retail notion busi- 158 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ness. This firm dissolved in 1879, and he purchased and settled upon his present place, where he has been successfully engaged in the nursery business. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Sarah, a daughter of William and Isabel Phillips, and a native of Richwood, where her parents settled and lived to the close of life's journey. This union has been blest with fivechildren, all of whom are living, viz., Isabel L., Mary P., Annie H., Sarah and Harvey. Mr. Wood served in the City Council four years, and has always taken an interest in all public affairs. He is a member of the Blue Lodge and Chapter of Masons, of Red Men and of the 6. A. R. Politically, he is Re- publican. THADDEUS W'OOD, farmer. P. 0. Marysville, a native of Paris Township, was born No- vember 6, 1837. He is a son jf Michael S. and Eliza (Thayer) Wood, the former a native of New York and the latter of Crawford County, Penn. They were married in Union County, and were the parents of nine children; of these, seven are living, viz.: Alpheus; Joseph E.; Demmis D., wife of 0. J. Cowely; Clarinda A., wife of .J. Smith Alexander; Thaddeus, the subject of this sketch; Michael P., and Emily E., wife of William Stilliugs. Ira and Lebbeus are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Wood resided on the homestead till 18<.5, when they removed to Marysville, where they both died. Our subject was reared to manhood on the farm where he was born. He was married December 23, 1860, to Mercy Reed, daughter of Zephaniah and Siddie A. Reed. Mrs. W^ood was born in Paris Township August 30, ISiO. They had eleven children, of whom nine are living — Eva, wife of Malilon Burris, Lewis, Abba, Harvey M., James M., William, George F., and Maud and Rodney (twins). In 1860, Mr. Wood located on the farm that he now occupies, which contains 133 acres. His occupation is that of farming and stock-raising. He and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist. CHAPTER II. UNION TOWNSHIP. The territory composing this township was, prior to the organization of Union County, embraced in the counties of Delaware and Madison, the north- ern portion in the former and the southern portion in the latter. The town- ship, as originally formed by the County Commissioners of Delaware County, included the northern portion of its present territory, and a large scope of the western portion of the present territory of Union County, extending north- ward to the northern boundary line of the county. After the erection of Union Coiinty, in 1820, on the 12th day of March, 1821, at a meeting of the Com- missioners of Union County, " agreed, that the County of Union be divided into townships as follows: Beginning at the southwest corner of Union County, running east five and one-half miles; thence north six miles; thence north to the north boundary of Union County, all west to be Union Town- ship." ' Subsequently, in June, 1822, Liberty Township was erected, embrac- ing all the northern portion to the northern boundary of the county. In 1827, Allen Township was formed, which again curtailed the boundaries of Union. It is now bounded north by Allen and Paris Townships, east by Paris and Darby, south by Madison County and west by Champaign County. The sur- veys of Union, begun in 1799, were as follows: June 7, 1799, for Lucas Sullivant, 200 acres. Survey No. 3,311; Lucas Sullivant, Deputy Surveyor, Jan- uary 21, 1807, for Warren Cash, 100 acres, Sm-vey No. 3,196. James Gallo- way, Jr., D. S., November 5, 1807, for James Waters, 400 acres, Survey No. 3,459. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., May 31, 1802, for Elizabeth Rickman, widow of Dr. William Rickman, 1,080 acres. Survey No. 4,071. eJoseph Kerr, D. S., October 2G, 1813, for Robert Kays and Lucas Sullivant, 306| acres, Survey No. 4,277. Walter Dun, D. S.', October 3, 1806, for Robert Kays, 2,000 acres, Siu'vey No. 4,278. Lucas Sullivant, D. S., December 12, 1805, for Frederick Stanton and Daniel Bailey, assignees, 283 acres. Survey No. 4,735. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., May 20, 1806, for Obadiah Smith, 466f UNION TOWNSHIP. 161 acres, Survey No. 4,807. James Galloway, Jr., T>. S., December 12, 1805, for JobB Cole, 100 acres. Survey No. 4,818. James Galloway Jr., D. S. , George Youn^c enters 100 acres, on the west side of south fork of Darby Creek, Survey No. 4,821 (not surveyed). May 20, 3806, for Absolom Bainbridge, assignee, 400 acres, Survev No. 4,805. James Galloway Jr., D. S., June 8, 1800, for William Heth, 260 acres. Survey No. 4,946. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., January 21, 1807, for James Galloway, Jr., assignee, 80 acres. Survey No. 5,088. James Galloway, Ji%, D. S., January 22, 1807, for Alexander Kerr, assignee, 150 acres. Survey No. 5,127. James Galloway, Jr., D. S. , March 28, 1807, for Robert Means, assignee, 700 acres. Survey No. 5,265. James Gal- loway, Jr., D. S, June 6, 1814, for Thomas Holt, 200 acres. Survey No. 5,291. Walter Dun, D. S., March 27, 1807, "for Robert Means, 200 acres, Survey No. 5.301. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., July 28, 1807. for Hugh Montgomery, 100 acres. Survey No. 5,475. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., De- cember 20, 1807, for John Patterson, assignee, 100 acres, Survey No. 5,602. James Galloway. Jr., D. S., February 27, 1808, for James Galloway, Jr., as- signee, 200 acres, Survey No. 5,708. James Galloway, Jr., D. S. , June 20, 1808, for the representatives of Robert Young, 1,000 acres, Smwey No 5,726. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., June 15, 1808, for Samuel Finley, 255 acres, Sur- vey No. 5,740 James Galloway, Jr., D. S. , July 21, 1809, for Richard Ap- person, 300 acres, Survey No. 6,312. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., July 22, 1809, for Richard Apperson and Beverly Stubblefield, 353f acres, Survey No. 6,316. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., March 10, 1810, for Andrew Alexander, assignee, 200 acres, Survey No. 6,543. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., August 15, 1811, for James Galloway, Jr., assignee, 100 acres, Survey No. 7,142. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., April 24, 1812, for David Comer, assignee, 200 acres, Survey No. 7,406. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., April 24, 1812, for Alex- ander Reed, assignee, 100 acres, Survey No. 7,407. James Galloway, Jr.,D. S., July 19, 1815, for Benjamin Hough, assignee, 172 acres. Surveys No. 7,472 and 7,677. Walter Dun, D. S., October 24, 1812, for Thomas Moore, 1,500 acres. Sur- vey No. 7,491. Walter Dun, D. S., August 29, 1812, for John Graham, assignee, 640 acres. Survey No. 7,474. Walter Dun, D. S., December 8, 1817, for William Robinson and John A. Fulton, assignees, 500 acres. Surveys No. 7,492 and 9,461. Walter Dun, D. S., October 27, 1813, for James Galloway, Jr , as- signee, 100 acres, Survey No. 7,734. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., May 15, 1813, for James Galloway, Jr., assignee, 30 acres, Survey No. 7,737. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., October 26, 1813, for Anthony Walke, assignee, 284 acres. Surveys No. 7,770 and 7,836. Walter Dun, D. S., June 28. 1813, for Walter Dun, assignee, 80 acres, Survey No. 7,771. Walter Dun, D. S., July 20, 1813, for Joseph Parrott, 800 acres. Survey No. 7,789. Walter Dun, D. S., July 20, 1813. for Anthony Walke, assignee, 95 acres. Survey No. 7,790. Walter Dun, D. S., April 29, 1815, for John Graham and Gross Scruggs, 260 acres, Survey No. 7,926. Walter Dun, D. S., December 24, 1813, for Robert Green, 195 acres. Survey No. 7,967. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., May 1, 1815, for Nathan Haines, assignee, and Henry Whiting, 120 acres. Survey No. 8,151. Walter Dun, D. S., June 23, 1814, for Henry Whiting, 220 acres, Sur- vey No. 8,152. Walter Dun, D. S., September 20, 1815, for John Graham, assignee, 94 acres. Survey No. 8,153. Walter Dun, D. S., April 29, 1815, for Waiter Dun, assignee, 368 acres. Survey No. 8,414. W^alter Dun, D. S., April 29, 1815, for Anthony Walke, Nathan Haines, assignees, and Edward Carrington, John Marshall, Henry Heth and Henry G. Heth, executors of William Heth, deceased, 500 acres. Survey No. 8,415. Walter Dun, D. S., September 25, 1815, for James Johnston, Gross Scruggs, John Graham and Walter Dun, assignees, Survey No. 8,523. Walter Dun, D. S., April 18, lO 162 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1817, for Joseph and Benjamin W. Ladd and Thomas Newell, assignees, 120 acres, Survey No. 9,020. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., November 28, 1817, for Walter Dun, assignee, 95 acres, Survey No. 9,390. Walter Dun, D. S., No- vember 29, 1817, for Walter Dun, assignee, 400 acres, Survey No. 9,494. Walter Dun, D. S. , June 6, 1818, for Walter Dun, assignee, Survey No. 9,591. Walter Dun, D. S., October 31, 1818, for the divisees of Benjamin Forsyth, deceased, assignee, 500 acres. Survey No. 9,724. Cadwallader Wal- lace, D. S., December 18, 1818, for Walter Dun, assignee, 60 acres, Smwey No. 9,755. Walter Dun, D. S., April 29, 1818, for Joshua Poythross, as- signee, 1,024-L acres. Survey No. 9,798. Walter Dun, D. S., June 16, 1820, for Alexander Breckenridge and William Boyce, 200 acres, Survey No. 10,338. James Taylor, D. S., January 9, 1823, for Samuel Smith, 600 acres, Survey No. 12,166. Walter Dun, D. S., October 26, 1823, for Lucas Sulli- vant, assignee, 366| acres. Survey No. 12,214. Walter Dun, D. S., January 18, 1825, for Walter Dun, assignee, 70 acres. Survey No. 12,239. Walter Dun, D. S., January 18, 1825, for Walter Dun, assignee, 185 acres, Survey No. 12,338. Walter Dun, D. S., December 12, 1823, for James Galloway, Jr., assignee, 38 acres, Siirvey No. 12,349. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., De- cember 25, 1824, for Joseph Spencer, 8 acres, Survey No. 12,494. James Galloway, Jr., D. S., March 1, 1833, for Thomas Lucas, 120 acres. Survey No. 12,674. E, P. Kendrick, D. S., January 10, 1825, for Walter Dun, assignee, ]4§ acres, Survey No. 12,749. Walter Dun, D. S. , September 6, 1830, for Nathaniel Massie, assignee, 30 acres, Survey No. 14,192. Nathaniel. Massie, D. S., Joshua Poythross enters 1,066| acres. Survey No. 9,107. April 8, 1817, Walter Dun and Joshua Poythross, assignees, enter 820| acres, Survey No. 9,594. January 1, 1823, Lucas Sullivant, assignee, enters 64g acres, Survey No. 12,215. SURFACE, SOIL, ETC. The surface of the greater portion of this township is remarkably level; a small portion in the eastern part and along the Big Darby is rolling and slightly hilly, while the central and southern portions are a part of the cele- brated "Darby Plains," noted for their level surface, and deep, rich soil, consisting of black vegetable mold. Originally, as the first settlers found these plains, they consisted of prairie and oak openings, the former covered with an exuberance of grass, which in some portions grew to an enormous height; some of the settlers testifying that, as they rode through it on horse- back, they could grasp a handful on each side of the horse, and tie them together over the rider's head. This is an excellent grazing and stock coun- try, and from its first settlement, the people have devoted much of their time and attention to the stock business. During a few years of recent date, they have given attention to ditching, tiling and draining these lands, which are thus rendered excellent for corn and wheat. Here, as elsewhere, the first set- tlers sought the higher and more rolling lands, along the streams, upon which they located, considering the prairies on those plains as worthless; too flat and wet to ever admit of cultivation, or even to be habitable. But early in the settlement of this township, colonies from the New England States came here, and, appreciating the true value of these rich lands, with true sagacity and sound judgrpent selected and located upon them; and although, for some years, they endured sickness, and inconvenience attendant upon the work of first im- provement, and caused largely by decaying vegetation, yet now they are possessed of as fine farms as can be found in the State. When these prairies were first taken up, they were pu,rchased for about one-half the price of the higher and more rolling lands, a lai-ge area being bought for 60 to 75 cents per aci'e, now they are worth about tAvice as much per acre as the hilly clay lands. This, township UNION TOWNS [I II'. 163 is well watered. The Big and Little Darby, with their many tributaries, drain almost every part of the township. The Big Darby enters this township in its northwestern portion, and courses in a southeastern direction, leaving the township on its eastern border, about midway between the northern and south- ern boundaries. In its course, commencing in the northwest corner of the township, it receives from the southwest the following tributaries: Watson Run, Hay Run and Prairie Run; from the north or east side it receives Buck Run, which cou.rses entirely through the northeastern portion of the township in a southeastern course, emptying into the Darby at the east boundary line. The Little Darby enters this township near its southwest corner, from Madison County, courses northeast until it receives Treacle Creek, thence flows south- east and leaves the township at its extreme southeast corner. Treacle Creek is its principal tributary, and enters from Champaign Connty, near the southwest corner of the township, about one-half mile west of L^win Station. It courses northward about two and one half miles, thence east one and a half miles, thence south to the Little Dai-by, inclosing with the latter a large tract of probably 3,000 acres of land, and almost making an island of it, there being only an isthmus in the northwest corner of the township, between the head-waters of Treacle Creek and Little Darby, of about one-half mile in width. The principal productions of the soil here are wheat and corn, the rais - ing of which and the raising of stock claim almost the entire attention of the fanning community. In richness of soil, in productiveness and in wealth, this township now ranks as one of the first in Union County. PIONEERS. The territory comprised in this township was among the earliest portions of the county to open its broad and beautiful lands to settl«meut. The first white man to penetrate the wilderness of this domain as a settler, was George Reed, who settled on the Big Darby, near Mil ford, in 1799. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and became a very useful citizen of Union Town- ship. About 1810-12, he erected a grist mill aud a saw mill at Milford, the history of which is given elsewhere in this work. He also laid out and platted the town of Milford. He appears to have been a man of some means, of great energy and industry, and one of the leading active spirits of that day. He died Sr'ptember 28, 1836, aged sixty-seven years. Robert Snodgrass, a native of Pennsylvania, married Jane Reed, a sister of the above George Reed, and emigrated to this county in the fall of 1800, and settled on the Big Darby, on Survey No. 3,311, where they lived and died. Mr. Snodgrass was a weaver by trade, which business he followed through life, in connection with farming. He died September 30, 1834, aged seventy- six years. His wife died January 13, 1833, aged seventy years. Of their children, Jane, married Thomas Reed, is now deceased; James was twice mar- ried, first to Polly McDowell, second to Mrs. Phelps, nee King, is now de- ceased; Hannah married William Porter and died in this county a few years ago; William married Sarah Robinson and died in Marysville about 1840 (the above children were born in Pennsylvania, and those that follow in Ohio); Robert was the first child born in this township, and the thii'd in Union Co inty. He was born December 2, 1800, and January 1, 1828, married Ellen, daughter of Mrs. Jane Robison, who resided on the north bank of Big Darby, in Darby Township, about seven miles below Milford Center. Mr. Snodgrass was born on the north bank of Darby Creek, opposite the village of Milford, in a cabin which stood not far from the site now occupied by the rail- road water tank. In his childhood, he had for playmates the Indian children 164 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. in the vicinity. He and his wife celebrated their golden wedding in 187S, and he died on the 9th of February of that 5'^ear. His wife died in 1879. They had seven children — Samuel, married Nancy Morrison, he died Feb- ruary 23, 1870, aged sixty-six years, and his wife about three years later; George, married Hannah Fox, February 8, 1828, with whom he lived nearly fifty-four years, she died December 8, 1881 (Mr. Snodgrass still survives, and resides with his children in Marysville, Columbus and Urbana); Thomas, the youno-est child, married Eliza Galloway, he died aborbl879, his wife still survives. Of the above children, Robert, George and Thomas were born in Union Township, were all married the same year (1828). and all lived to cele- brate the fiftieth anniversary of their wedding, which took place in Marys- ville as follow.s: That of Robert and wife, January 1, 1878; George and wife, February 8, 1878, and that of Thomas and wife, October 20, 1878. Of this family of true pioneers, George is the only surviving member. He removed to Marysville in 1824; was Assistant Clerk of the county, and has remained a resident of Marysville nearly all of the time since. He served as Deputy Sherifi" three years. He is now, probably, the oldest resident who was born in the county; is seventy-eight years of age and enjoying good health. Paul Houston, who married Miss Reed, sister to Geoi'ge Reed, settled here in 1800, about the same time with Mr. Snodgrass. These were, perhaps, the only three families in this township in the year 1800. In 1801 or 1802, came Samuel Reed, first, brother of George Reed (he married Eliza Lackey); Samuel Reed, the second (no i-elation to Samuel the first); Vandever Reed, David Reed and perhaps a few others. Q Three brothers, Richard, William and John Gabriel, were among the next earliest settlers on the Darby. As to the exact date of their settling here, we find a diversity of statements, fixing it from 1800 to 1810; but we think, from a preponderance of evidence, that it was not later than 1805, and perhaps as early as 1801 or 1802. They were citizens who took an active, leading part in the organization of the township and county, and in the general improve- ments, growth and progress of the county. William became Associate Judge of the county. Of his children, John became a man of more than ordinary ability, and represented this district in the Senate of Ohio; he died January 10, 1872, aged seventy-one years. One daughter married David Burnham; is deceased. William, never mari'ied; was a man of great ability, but with many eccentricities; he represented this county in the Legislature, and became quite wealthy. He died January 12, 1876, aged sixty-five years; is buried in the Milford Cemetery, where is erected to his memory a large and fine monu- ment. One other son of William Gabriel, Sr. , was engaged in the mercantile trade in Belief ontaine; is now deceased. Richard Gabriel was the father of James Gabriel. John Gabriel was the father of John J. Gabriel; John died January 10, 1872, aged seventy-one years. William Gabriel, Sr., died Novem- ber 20, 1847, aged seventy six years. There was a large family of the Ga- briels, and many of them took an active part in the affairs of the county and township, and were among its best and most worthy citizens. Rev. Samuel Woods, father of Judge W. W. Woods, and Samuel his brother, settled on the Big Darby in 1806. He was a native of Pennsylvania; was a noted and popular preacher at an early day, becoming the first minister of the Presbyterian Church at Milford, in 1808; or, as it was then called, ^' Upper Liberty." He was ordained to the ministry June 15, 1808; he died April 17, 1815, aged thirty-six years. Alexander Reed, brother of Samuel Reed the second, from Pennsylvania, settled here about 1810. David Comer, a native of Pennsylvania, settled on the Plains, on Survey No. 7,406, about 1810-12, and was one of the first Commissioners of Union UNION TOWNSHIP. 165 CouDty, a Major of the militia and a leading, active citizen. He remained a citizen here till his death. John Irwin was born in York County, Penn., and was the son of William and Eleanor (Brisband) Irwin, he a native of Ireland and she of Scotland. He married Anna Steel, of Ohio County, Va., in 1791. In 1806, he settled in Union County, Union Township, on a farm in the southwest corner of said township, where he resided till his death in 1830, aged about sis.ty years. His death was caused by injuries received from being thrown from a young, spirited horse, soon after which he died upon the farm upon which he first settled in Union County. Mr. Irwin served as a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church of Upper Liberty (now Mi If ord Center), and was the leader of singing in the church; was a teacher of vocal music, and had in his library a large book of tunes of his own composition with pen and ink. He organized the first Sabbath school ever constituted in Union Township, which was conducted for some time in his own house. He sought earnestly the spiritual as well as the temporal welfare of his household, and lived to see all his children (except one, who united with another denomination) become mem- bers of the church he helped to organize afte)- he came to Union County. Mr, Irwin was an excellent farmer, and also well versed in the mechanical arts Politically, he was a pure Jacksonian Democrat, and kept himself well ac- quainted with the political condition of the various governments of the world. He served as a Justice of the Peace of Union Township for several years. Anna Steel, his wife, was born in York County, Penn., a daughter of James and Mary (Harper) Steel; Harper's Ferry taking its name in honor of her father, James Harper. Miss Steel was seven }'ears of age when the Revolu- tionary war commenced, and was in the fort or block bouse most of her time during that sanguinary struggle. Her father was one of the minutemen of the army, and kept bis knapsack on his gun near the door readj to start at a minu.te's warning. Her ancestors were from Ireland. She died in 1854, from infirmities of old age. John Steel Irwin, eldest son of John and Anna Irwin, was born, in Ohio County, Va., about 17W3. About 1816. he married Betsey Kilpatrick, daugh- ter of Samuel Kilpatrick, who resided on a farm three miles below Milford Center, on the north bank of Big Darby, where he died about 1844, of con- sumption. Mr. Irwin served in the war of 1812 as a teamster; was a farmer and teamster by occupation, and in those days of no railroads the latter occu- pation took much of his attention, in hauling goods for the merchants. He was a stanch Democrat, and served as a Justice of the Peace in Darby Town- ship, and as a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church at Milford Center, He had six sons and two daughters. Archibald Steel Irwin, his fourth son, served in the army in the war of the rebellion, and was killed in Memphis at the time Forrest made a raid upon that town. William Brisband Irwin, second son of John and Anna Irwin, was born in Ohio County, Va. , October 2, 1795, and died October 17, 1878, from a compli- cation of diseases incident to advanced age, aged eighty-three years. He en- tered the militia as the lowest commissioned ofiicej', and was successively pro- moted to the ofiice of Brigadier General, in which rank he served several years, and resigned in 1840, having served as a commissioned officer twenty-six years. He was a Justice of the Peace twenty eight years, when he removed to Leban- on, Warren Co., Ohio, leavi-g the ofiice. A remarkable feature of his ofiicial capacity was, that in no case tried before him was there ever an appeal taken from his decision. He was County Commissioner several years, serving in that capacity during the erection of the old court house, and was County Sur- veyor about twenty years. He was a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian Church 166 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. at Milford Center several years, and was likewise leader of the congregation in singing and a teacher of vocal music. After his arrival in ^Varren County, he was chosen Ruling Eider in the Presbyterian Church of Lebanon, April 3, 1859, serving in that capacity about nineteen years. Mr. Irwin possessed, when a boy, a natural genius as a mechanic, and when quite young, during the time his father and brother were taking their noonings, he would steal quietly away, and devote his time in constructing a saw mill, and when the time arrived to go to the afternoon's work, his father's patience was severely tried by having to call repeatedly for his son to go to work, giving him a severe reprimand. But one day subsequently, while Mr. Irwin was walking along the creek, the heard a peculiar noise, and upon investigation, to his surprise he saw a toy saw mill, perfect in construction, and running in good order. From this time he never dictated to his son, William, hovv he should employ his noonings. This was the first and only saw mill ever erected on Treacle Creek. In 1820, he erected a saw mill on Little Darby, about two miles below the mouth of Treacle Creek. He had to go fourteen miles to procure help enough to perform the laborious work of raising it. On this errand he started the evening before, and it was raining and the creek rising, but still he anticipated no damage to his foundation timbers. But after he was gone, the creek continued to rise quite rapidly, his thoughtful wife, becoming anx- ious about the safety of his timbers, went to the creek, found the small tim- bers already beginning to float, and with her own hands hauled them, to higher ground. When this was accomplished, she saw that the larger timbers were also beginning to float. Hurrying to the house, she tied her babe, seven months old, in its cradle, took the bed-cord out of her ben, ran to the creek, and, wading waist deep into the water, placed the rope around the timbers and then made them fast to the bushes on shore and secured the frame. Thus, by the thoughtfulngss, energy and bravery of this noble wife, the entire timbers for the mill were saved. Mr. Irwin was married to Anna Bigelow June 15, 1818. Six daughters and three sons were the result of this union. James Harvey, the third child, died in infancy. The youngest two children were sons, and both served in the army in the war of the rebellion, the eldest of whom, William Lee, was discharged as unfit for farther service, because of impaired health. The youngest, John Russell, was killed at Cedar Mountain, Ya. , August 9, 1862, aged twenty-one years and two months. On September 7, 1854, William B. Irwin married, for his second wife, Mrs. Margaret Kim- ble. Mary Smyth Irwin, eldest daughter of John and Anna Irwin, was born in Ohio County, Va., about 1798. As soon as old enough, she commenced teach- ing school, whicli occupation she followed many years. She married Cyprian Lee, a merchant of Marysville, this county, but had no issue. She died of consumption in 1857. Cynthia Ann Irwin, the second daughter of John and Anna Irwin, was born in Ohio County, Va., about 1800. She married Calvin Winget about 1821, by whom she had six sons and two daughters. Her youngest son, Cal- vin, died in the army in the late rebellion; she died of consumption about 1844. James Hughs Irwin, third son of John and Anna Ii'win, was born in Ross County, Ohio, about 1802. He was married to Polly Reynolds, daugh- ter of Elisha and Mary Reynolds, of Union Township. Mr. Irwin was a prominent farmer, and in politics a Whig. He was an acceptable chnrch officer, and led the cono:rea:ation in sinffing:. 'His wife was a member of the Christian Church, with which he also united. They had four sons and three daughters. Two of the sons were in the army of the late rebellion; Gwvnn, UNION TOWNSHIP. 167 the tliird son, was severely wounded, and returned from the army with shat- tered health; Duane, the fourth son, died in the hospital from diseases con- tracted in the service. Mr. James H. Irwin settled on a farm in Union Town- ship, where he died in June, 1841, with consumption. Isaac Newton Irwin, fourth son of John and Anna Irwin, was born in Ross County, Ohio, about 1804, and died at about four years of age. He was a child of remarkable sprightliness of intellect, and the day before his death gave his mother directions what to do with his playthings, and told her he was going to die. She thought it his childish talk. Early in the evening, he complained of being tired, and his mother put him to bed, and then went out to milk the cows. When she returned, she asked the family where Isaac was, and was told that he was in bed; she replied, no, he was not, for she hetird him out singing while she was milking. They went to his bed, and there he was — fast asleep. During the night, some of the family heard hard breathing; they arose and obtained a light, and found Isaac dying of croup; he lived but a short time. Nancy Milton Irwin, youngest child of John and Anna Irwin, was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1806, and in 1831 married Thomas Twiford, and set tied on the farm in Union County, where her parents first located. She had one son and three daughters. Her son, Smyth, served in the army three years in the late rebellion. She died in Liberty Township, this county, of consump- tion, in 1871. William B. Irwin resided over fifty years in this county, and forty-three years of that time on the farm where his father, John, first settled when he was in his eleventh year. He erected the first frame house that was built in Marysville, which was for Stephen McLain. Joseph Stewart, a native of Maryland, settled in this township in 1807. John Stokes (father of Hiram Stokes), a native of Virginia, settled in 1809, and died October 8, 1817, aged thirty-four years. Samuel Colver, a native of New England, married Miss Curry, daughter of a former Treasurer of the State; settled near Irwin Station about 1808, and became one of the most enterprising and wealthy farmers of this vicinity, and at the age of seventy years, about 1851-52, emigrated to Oregon, where he died. Thomas Mc- Donald, a native of Tennessee, settled on Darby Creek, on Sui'vey 6,002; he married a Miss Teeters, and remained a resident here through life. Their children were John, who married Philomelia Miller, and removed to Cham- paign County, where he died; Betsy, married David Burnham, both died in Milford; Polly, married James Biggs, and died near Milford; Susan, married a Mr. Davis and removed to Dayton, Ohio, where they died; Nancy, married William Howard, and died in this township; Samuel, married Rachel Comer, and resided here till his death; James, married Adaline Stewart, he subse- quently emigrated to California; Charity, unmarried; George, married Roxie Fairfield, she died and he married Mrs. McDonald, nee Comer, and now resides inWoodstock; Julia, married James Biggs; and Duncan moved West. Mr. McDonald was an excellent neighbor and citizen, and possessed great honor and integrity throughout his business life. J. R. McDowell, a native of Pennsylvania, settled here about 1808-10. James Cochran, a native of Pennsylvania, settled in 1811, and died Septem- ber 28, 1822, aged fifty-seven years. His wife, Mary, diod July 28, 1822, aged fifty-one years. John Crawford, a native of Pennsylvania, and his wife, Margaret, with their family, came to Ohio and settled in this township in 1811. Their daughter, Hannah H., on the 12th of February, 1829, became the wife of William M. Robinson, now of Marysville, and lived to celebrate her golden wedding. Her death occurred in June, 1881, when she had reached 168 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the age of seventy-six years. She was the mothei' of ten chihiren. Her hus- band has been President of the Union County Pioneer Association since its organization. They settled in Marysville in 1844 Charles Colver, a native of New York, settled in this township in 1S12, on Treacle Creek. Of his children, Standish Colver was born in New "York in 1797, and was about fifteen years old when brought to this county. He was twice married; first, to Betsey Lockwood, in 1820; she died, and he married Lois M. Smith in 1840. By his first wife he had the following childi-en: Salome, who moved West; Andrew, never married; Cynthia, married William Winget and lived in Marysville: Harriet, married Mr. Kyle, and resides near Greenfield, Ohio; Abi, deceased: Jerome, died young; and Cyrus, it is be- lieved, also died young. By his last wife he had four children — Horace; Josephine, married William Snodgrass and resides near Woodstock; Abi; and Emma, who married a Mr. Goldsmith. Standish Colver was a millwright by trade, and erected several mills during his life. He died November 15, 1882, aged eighty -five yeai's, having resided in this township threescore and ten years — raore than the allotted period of man's life. Keligiously, he was a Universalist; as a neighbor, kind and generous, and as a citizen, worthy of and possessing the confidence of his entire community. John Parthemore, a native of Pennsylvania, came to this township and settled in 1812. Andrew Gill, from near Cincinnati, located about 1812. He came here a single man, married the Widow Cary, and settled on the Cary farm, where they remained residents till their death. Th'eir children were as fol- lows: John, died unmarried; Margaret, died unmarried; David, deceased, married Eleanor Piper; Jesse, married Jane Cochran, is deceased; James, be- came a minister of the Presbyterian Church, and married a Miss McLain (he served as Clerk of the Court of this county several years; finally entered the ministiy, laboring in that cause for many years; he died in Cincinnati in 1880-81); Israel, is deceased. The above were his chldren by his previous wife. By his last wife, Mrs. Car}', he had two children; Mason, who married and resided on the home place till his death, about middle age, and one daughter. Mr. Andrew Gill died September 18, 1829, aged sixty-two years. Warren Rose, a native of New York, settled here about 1812-14; he married Lucy Hibbard. They had several childi'en; some died here and some moved away; one son died in the army in the war of the rebellion. Mr. Rose was a tanner by trade, which business he followed throxigh life, and was the second tanner in the township. Mr. Frankelberger, of whom he learned his trade, at Milford, and then became his successor in the business, was the first. Levi Phelps became u settler here about 1812-14; was one of the early teachers of this townshij), and a surveyor. Hugh and John Porter, natives of Pennsylvania, became early settlers of this township; the former about 1813, and the latter in 1817. The latter be- came Associate Judge of the county, and both were prominent, active and use- ful citizens. William Porter, now a resident of the north part of Union Township, so well and favorably known, is a son of Judge John Porter, who died October 31, 1838, aged sixty-one years. His wife, Susanna, died August 14, 1824, aged forty -three years. Judge Robert Nelson, a native of Pennsylvania, came to this township in J 813, and settled on a large tract of land which he purchased on Survey 6,002. He married Martha Mitchell, daughter of David Mitchell, one of the early pioneers. They had no issue. Mr. Nelson was one of the first Commissioners of Union County; was a thorough, energetic, businessman, and became quite wealthy; was an Associate Judge several years, a most excellent man and a worthy citizen. In religion, a Seceder, or member of the United Presbyterian UNION TOWNSHIP. 171 Church. In the latter part of his life, he retired from all active business, and died in Darby Township. William C. Piper was a native of Washington County, Penn., of Scotch - Irish parentage. His father was Robert Piper, who emigrated, with his brother James, from Ireland when both were single men. William C. was the only son of a family of six children, and when eight years old — in 1814— emigrated with the family, and came down the Ohio River to Portsmouth, Ohio, and from there traveled northward, through the then dense wilderness, in a wagon, finally reaching the southern boundary of what is now Union County, and set- tled on a farm on the south side of Big Darby Creek, near the east line of what is now Union Township. As soon as the family was settled, Robert Piper, in company with Joseph Dodds, who in after years became a resident of Marysville, returned to Portsmouth after the goods. On the homeward trip, Mr. Piper was taken sick and suddenly died. It was a great blow to the fam- ily, but they found friends, and the future brought them prosperity. William C. took care of the family until he arrived at manhood. In 1885, he married Hannah P. Gabriel, eldest daughter of Richard Gabriel, and became the father of seven children, of whom six survived their fathei", the mother alone being left to mourn his loss. Mr. Piper was for thirty-four years a Trustee of Union Township, and then refused to serve longer. He lived, during the whole of his married life, on a farm on tlie west side of Buck Creek, at its junction with Big Darby Creek, nearly opposite the first location of his father in 1814. W^illiam C. Piper was an honored, respected, intelligent and worthy citizen. He died May 29, 1876, aged seventy years. This brings us in the history of the early settlers of Union Township to the period of the "Post Road Settlement," between Pleasant Valley and Irwin Station, which was made in 1813-14. Concerning this settlement, in April, 1882, was published an article written by John F. Sabine, of Marysville, in the Marysville Tribune, from which we extract the following: "In giving a history of the first settlement of the southern portion of Union County, I will have to go back to the beginning of this centu.ry. At this time great inducements were held ou.t to the people of the States to form settle- ments in Canada East. Consequently, many persons from the neighboring State of Vermont went over the line, and very soon built up a flourishing and prosperous settlement. They remained there, prosperous and happy, until the year 1812, when the difficulties between the United States and Gi'eat Britain terminated in a war. These people, being Revolutionary soldiers, or their descendants, had too much of the spirit of '76 in them to take up arms against their countrymen, or even remain quiet spectator's of the conflict; so they re- solved to leave the Dominion of His Majesty George III. Accordingly, on the 20th of September of that year, the first installment took up their line of march for the far West. They were composed of the following families: Russell Bigelow (father of the celebrated Rev. Russell Bigelow), Moses Pat- rick, Asa Plummer, Joab Hoyt, Amos Hawley, Di'. Gideon Hawley, Pens and Joseph Walton and Nehemiah Sabine. After a tedious journey of more than six weeks, they arrived at Worthington. Ohio. The next summer, 1813, in looking for a place of permanent residence, they made choice of the Darby Plains, until then a barren waste, made purchases and built their cabins, which most of them were able to occupy late in that year or early in the next. One, Joseph Green, from the State of New York, was the first man to occupy his cabin; and for a long time it was known as the Green settlement. " The following year, 1814, another installment from the same place fol- lowed in the wake of their predecessors, and settled with us, to wit: Israel Lockwood, James Dockum and Stephen Jackson; also, Ephraim Keyes, Oba- 172 HISTORY OF UNIOX COUNTY. diah Janes, from Vermont; Uriah Wood and Col. Jacob Fairfield, from the State of New York. These families constituted what was then known as the ' Green settlement,' on the Post road in what is now known as Union Town- ship, xlnother, east of this, on the same road, in Darby Township, was formed at the same time, and was known as the 'McCloud settlement,' the two extend- ino- from Irwin Station to Plain City, a distance of eleven miles. This Post road was established during the war, for the purpose of conveying the mail from Worthington to Urbana, then very im wrtant towns in Central Ohio. There were but two intermediate post offices, Darby Creek and Dublin. The former was kept by James Ewing, one of the first sett ers, and was for a long time the only office in what is now Union County. Most of the families com- posing the Green settlement were very large, many of them numbering from ten to twelve souls. By this it can be seen that we were not destitute of ma- terial to receive the benefits of free schools, which were soon put into operation, my father being the first teacher. But sickness soon made its appearance among us to an alarming extent, in a short time decimating the inhabitants by death. This state of affairs continued for a long time, until the country became rid of its poisonous malaria. It is now one of the healthiest portions of Central Ohio. About the year J 817, another colony, from the State of Connecticut, settled in our immediate neighborhood, known as the ' Burnham and Howard settlement. ' They, together with the first settlers, helped very materially in forming the future character of the people of this portion of the county. The habits and customs of our earliest settlers differed very much from the latter. Intercourse and association had a powerful tendency to smooth down the rough points of both, and produce a similarity of character, so that at this day it is impossible to distinguish any difference from their language or address." Having thus given the general circumstances of the above settlement, as described by the pen of Mr. Sabine, we will now try to give some particulars of each of the above families. Russell Bigelow and wife had the following children: Lucy, never mar- ried, and died at the old homestead; Irena, married Joseph Mitchell, and died in Madison County; Kev. Russell, the third child, early prepared for the min- istry, married a Keutucky lady of name of Erwin (he became a very prominent, popular and eloquent minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and died at Columbus, Ohio); Alpheus, studied medicine and spent his life as a physician, he married a Miss Case, of Worthington, Ohio, and died in Delaware County; Dimis, Grata, Polly, Abigail and Benjamin, all died unmarried, when quite young, with milk sickness and malarial diseases; Anna, married Gen. William. B. Irwin, and died at Milford of consumption, and Eliphas, who married Miriam McCloud and remained a resident of this county through life; he died in Michigan while there on a visit, but his body was brought back and interred in Union Township. Nehemiah Sabine, married Susanna Hawkins, of Coventry, Connecticut. Their children were as follows: Hiram, the eldest, died of milk sickness in 1814; Hylas, married Hannah Balderston, and died in New Orleans of con- sumption in 1881; Roswell, became a pi'ominent and popular physician at Ti'oy, Ohio, and practiced over fifty years; he married twice, his first wife was Mary Robinson, his second Caroline Counable; he died at Troy, of pneumonia, in 1875; Laura, never married, and died at Marysville in 1880, aged eighty years; John F. , married Euphemia Clement, and resides at Marysville; he has now been a resident of this county a period of seventy years, and has b^en intimately connected with the events, growth and progress of the county from its early settlement to the present time; has held many important offices and UNION TOWNSHIP. 173 positions of trust, which will be fully mentioned in the biog-rapbical sketch of Dr. Andrew Sabine in this volume; Phoebe, died at the age of eleven years; Asbury, married Sophia Janes; he died in 1835; his widow still survives; Rebecca T., married Andrew Keyes and they now reside in Marysville; Charles W. also became a practicing physician, and settled in Miami County, Ohio," where he died of consumption; and William R. , who died of consumption at twenty-one years of age. Asa Plummer, Sr. ,was the father of the following children: Joseph, who married Eunice Cummings, and both died in Champaign County, Ohio; Asa, Jr., married Malinda Backman, and died in Delaware County, Ohio; Alvin, re- turned to Canada and married, and subsequently removed to Illinois; Horace did likewise; Hannah married a Mr. Hanniman, a lawyer by profession, who removed to Illinois, and served his county in the Legislature several years; Reuben, married the youngest daughter of John Erwin, and removed to Texas, where they both died; Wiley, married a Miss Randall, and settled in Illinois: Clarinda, married Hyal Buckman, and both are residing in Illinois; Calista and Tallman died young, and Nelson, who removed to Illinois. Israel Lock- wood, Sr., was the father of tBe following children: Oliver, married Miss Maynard, who died on the Darby Plains; subsequently he removed AVest; Polly, married Benjamin Lyon, and died in Union Township; David, married Hannah Hand, and resided in this county till his death in the spring of 1882, aged ninety years; Israel, Jr., married Sally McCloud, she died and he mar- ried Miss Colver, he died in this county; Sallie, died young; Betsey, married David McCloud, he died, and she married Standish Colver, with whom she lived till her death; Walter, returned to Canada, married, and brought his wife to this county, but subsequently removed to Illinois; Rebecca, married a resident of WorthingtoD, Ohio, and subsequently removed West, and Frederick, who died young. Moses Patrick married Clarissa Geer, and had the following children: Harriet, married Samuel Rice, Jr.; he subsequently united with the Shakers, but she remained a resident of this county most of the time till her death; John, married Lydia Geer, of Canada, and remained a resident of this county till his death; Ira, married Laura Tarpenning, and died in this county; he was a man of fine intellect, and more than ordinary ability; Levi, married a Miss Tucker, and subt5equently removed West. Moses Patrick and wife remained residents here till their death. Dr. Gideon Hawley was, perhaps, the first physician in Union County; he married Rebecca Townsend, and subsequently moved West, v/here he died, and his widow returned to her friends in Canada. They had two sons; the youngest was named Micajah; both removed to the West. Peris Walton married Miss Hannah Glazier; he died in this county; she subsequently died in Allen County, Ohio. Their children were as follows: Hannah, who died unmarried; John, married and moved West; Sallie, married Mr. Patterson; she died in this county, and he moved away a few years after- ward; Maria, the youngest, removed with her mother to Allen County, Ohio. James Dockum, Sr., was the father of the following children: WillTam, married Miss Nancy Jones, and settled on Barron Run, Madison County, where he died; Sallie, mari'ied Mason Jones, and removed to Madison County, where she died; James, Jr., was twice married, first to Phebe Jones, second to Betsey Clement, and died in this township; Elijah, died young, unmarried; John, died young; Boardman, married a Miss Wallace, and died in Madison County; Ira, died young; Polly, married Allen Jones and moved West, and Arvilla, who died young. 174 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Stephen Jackson, Sr., a Revolutionary soldier, was one of the " minute - men " at the battle of Lexington, Mass. , and one who followed the British in Boston. He continued in the service of tlie Colonies through the war, and was a man of more than ordinary energy, ability and attainments, for that early day. He married Hannah Hawley. Their children were as follows: Stephen, Jr., married a Miss Atsit, and removed to Cincinnati, where they died; James married Margaret Whelpley; he now resides near Elyria, Ohio, aged ninety years: Amos was pressed into the British service in Canada, was taken prisoner by the Americans, and soon after came to his parents in this county, where he married Rachel Goodenough, and now lives at West Liberty, aged eighty- eight years; Hiram, married Abbey Cooley, she died and he went to the Mormons; Truman, married a lady from near Elyria, Ohio; she died, and he subsequently married a Mormon lady, and made his home with that people; and Sophronia removed to Logan County, Ohio, where she married. Joseph Walton married a Miss Gilbert. His children were Olive and Rebecca. The family early removed to Allen County, Ohio. Joseph Green, a native of New York, married the widow Hamond, and settled as stated above, being the first settler to enter his cabin. He died the next year after locating here. His children were James, Samuel and Phoebe. Uriah AVood, a native of Vermont or New Hampshire, married Dimis Bigelow, and died in the settlement. Their children were Ira, who became a practicing physician, and married Margaret Hawley, at New Philadelphia, Ohio, and finally settled at Marysville, where he practiced till his death; he died of milk sickness. Their children were Michael S., who married Eliza Thayer and died in Marysville; Polly, married Prince Alden; she is deceased; he now resides at Mechanicsburg, Obadiah James, a native of Vermont, was the father of the following chil- dren: Jabez, died, unmarried, during the first year of their settlement; Oliver, married Hannah Clement, and subsequently removed to Cleveland, where he dealt largely in real estate and died quite wealthy, possessed of at least half a million; Naomi, mai'ried W^illiam Mitchell and removed to the Western Re- serve, where she died; Laura, who died at Cleveland, unmarried; Alonzo, re- moved to Cleveland, and there married and resided till his death; John, died young; Sophia, married Asbury Sabine, and is now residing in Portage County with her daughter, the only surviving one of the family; Lucretia, married Solomon Dunt'^n, who was a Methodist minister, and removed to Iowa, where she died, and Harris, married a lady of Portage County, and died in this town- ship. Ephraim Keyes was a native of New Hampshire; his father was a native of Connecticut. He married Esther Rogers, and was the father of the follow- ing children: Loren, married Lydia Morse and died near Chuckery; Daniel, married Miss Betsey Carr; she died near Chuckery, and he married again and removed to Marion County, Ohio, where he died; Andrew, married Rebecca T. Sabine, and now resides in Marysville; Elias, married Mary Neal and sub- sequently removed to Mechanicsburg, where he died; Harriet died young, and William and John removed to the South, where thev died. Ephraim Keyes died in 1822. George Brown, a native of Rhode Island, settled at Milford about 1820, while a young, single man, and opened a general store. Soon after, he re- turned to his native State, and married a Miss Cai'penter and brought her to his new home in Union County. He was a man of energy and good business ability, and without doubt would have become a leading man of this commun- ity, but he was early cut off by dealh. His store was the first of any impor- UNION TOWNSHIP. 175 tance in Milford. They had one child, which died in early childhood. Sub- sequently, his widow married Harvey Hovey. He was killed by being thrown from a horse, and she then married Harvey Burnham. By her last husband she had four childi'en— Mary, George B., Henry and Martha. Joseph Kennedy, a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated to Ohio with his wife and three sons — Hezekiah, John and Oliver — in 1805, and settled on the present site of Milford Center, Union County. John, the second son, was the father of Joseph M. Kennedy, now of Marysville. He was married in 1828, and moved immediately to Pike Township, Madison County, where his death occurred June 4, 1864 Joseph Kennedy, Sr., died at his home in Milford about 1831-32. His children born in Ohio were James, Ellen, Eliza, Othias, Joseph and William — all in Union Township. Most of them spent their lives in this county, and but one — Othias — is now known to be living, his residence being at Collingwood, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio. William died at Bellefontaine in 1862, having been for many years a resident of Logan County. He was the father of Hon. Robert P. Kennedy, now of Bellefontaine. John and James Coolidge, natives of New York or New England, settled on the Big Darby, one mile noi'thwest of Milford, on Survey 4,277, and re- mained residents here till their deaths. The former was a farmer, and James a farmer and blacksmith. They were men of character and integrity, and good citizens. Some. of their descendants still reside in the county. Samuel Galloway was born in Massachusetts, but removed to New York while young and there married Miss Achsa Witter, a native of Connecticut. In 1814, he removed with his family to Ohio, and settled in Union Township, on the place where A. A. W^oodworth now lives, and erected a log cabin on the site where Mr. Woodworth's house now stands. Soon after locating, Avhile hunting, he shot a deer, and thinking the animal dead he walked up to it with knife in hand to cut its throat, when the deer sprang up, pushed his horn into his chest and tore out some of his lungs; and there he and the deer were both found in the evening, the latter dead, and Mr. Galloway so weak he could not get home. They carried him home, and h?) finally recovered, so as to preach — as he was a minister in the Christian Church — but he never became able to perform hard manual labor after the injury. He made a journey to New York State, and returned. While absent on a second journey to that State, he was taken sick and died in 1820-21 from the effects of the wound made by the deer. He left eight children, four of whom were born in New York State and four in Union Township, viz.: Amanda, John, Samuel and James R. in New York; Sabrah, Elijah, Joshua and Joseph in this township. Mrs. Galloway re- mained here with her family till about 1822, when, becoming fascinated with Shakerism, she removed to their settlement in Warren County, Ohio, where she and her daughter Sabrah remained through life. But prior to their death, the other children all became dissatisfied, left the Shakers, and all married and settled in life. Amanda married David Wright; he died in Iowa, and his widow now resides in Kansas with her children. John married Matilda Cox, and died in Champaign County, Ohio, from a fall from a tree. Samuel mar- ried Prudence Babbitt, and resides in Indiana. James R. married Harriet B. Miller, and resides at Milford Center. Elijah married Sarah Jane Beatty, and resides in Iowa. Joshua married, and lives in Illinois; and Joseph married Mary Moran, and they now reside in Illinois. Samuel Galloway was a man of excellent character, and was a much esteemed and respected citizen; all his children now living are walking in his footsteps, living lives of usefulness, and doing honor to their ancestor. James C. Miller was born December 14, 1797, in the State of New York. In 1814, he came to Ohio, with his uncle, Samuel Colver, and settled in this 176 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. township, on the si'-e of Irwin Station, where he remained with his nncle a few years; he then learned the carpenter trade, also the cabinet-makinpj busi- ness. During his apprenticeship, when about twenty years of age, he went to Kentucky, and worked at his l-rade about eighteen months; thence retui-ned to this township, and here continued at his trade. In 1821, he married Selinda Burnham, daughter of Eliphas Burnham; by her he had seven children — Har- riet, who married James K. Galloway, a resident of Milford; Eliphas, mariied Ellen Vanness, and i-emoved to Missouri in 1865, returned in 1869, and died in the spring of 1882; James, married Emaline Burnham, and resides near Mechanicsburg; Zelenda, married Lemuel McGrew, and resides in Delaware, Ohio; Lydia Ann, married David Clement, and resides at Marysville; William H. Harrison, who was twice married, first to Sarah Vanness, second to Sarah Smith, and now resides in Milford; Rebecca, married Gwynn Irwin; she now resides near Mechanicsburg. Mr. Miller has followed his trade, in connection with farming, through life. In 1865, he removed to Missouri, and in 1869 returned to this township, where, with this exception, he has spent sixty-eight years of his life. He was eighty-five years of age when the vnriter called to see him; he found him at his bench shoving the plane, and he remarked that he enjoyed as good health as he ever did in his life. Joel Frankelberger, who became a settler at Milford about 1812-14, was the first tanner of the township, and perhaps the first in the county. He also served as Clerk of the first Board of Commissioners of Union County, and filled several offices of his township. About 1814-15, there came and settled in this township a large number of families, among whom were Samuel Rice and family, Jacob Fairfield, Harvey Hovey, John A. Moody, Roger Moody, Jeremiah Dee, Ebenezer Mathers, Linder Saunders, Joseph Mathers, Robert Branson, Mr. Dunton, Mr. Lyon, George A. Scott and John Mathers; the lat- ter settled at Milford, and at his house was held the first election of the town- ship, and several succeeding elections. James Guy, a native of Vermont, was born in 1795-96, and married Mary Watts. When young — about 1812 — he settled in this township, where he resided till 1826. Removing with his fam- ily to Madison County, he resided there till his death, which occurred the same year — 1826. His wife died in 1843. They had the following children: William, Harriet, Jane, Sylvia and James. Mr. Guy, when young, learned the blacksmith's trade, but after settling in life he gave his attention to farmr ing, stock-raising and the dairy business. He was a very industrious man, a kind neighbor and most woi'thy citizen. Otis Green, a native of Rhode Island, settled at Milford about 1815-16, and is believed to be the second one to open a store in that village, remaining in business but a short time till he died. Dr. Daniel Bowen, a native of Vermont, settled at Milford about 1815, and was the first physician of that town, and a popular and successful man in his profession. He died December 12, 1825. aged forty year's. Benjamin Harrington, a native of Rhode Island, emigrated to this county and township in 1817. He married Betsey Rice, by whom he had the follow- ing children: David, who married, settled and died in this county; Nelson, lives in Liberty Township; Louisa, married John Locke, both deceased; Polly, married Mr. Holycross, now deceased; and Olive, married twice, first a Mr. Shirk, who died, and second a Mr. Reed; they now reside in Kansas. Mr. Harrington was a good citizen, and an active man in the Christian Church. He died November 25, 1843, and his wife August 15, 1870. About 1817-18. a large number of families settled here, among whom were Asahel A. Woodworth, a native of Connecticut, who came here with his uncle, Mr. Burnham, Avho settled in Chanipaign County, near the Union UNION TOWNSHIP. 177 County line. With him he lived till he married, and purchased and settled on the farm where he has since resided. He is an honest and respected citizen. Nicholas Hathaway, a native of Massachusetts, married Miss Pierce and settled on Treacle Creek, this township, purchasing several hundred acres of land, where he resided till his death. He was a physician, but desired to retire from practice, yet his friends wished his professional services and would not give him up; so, to some extent, he continued his practice thi-ough life. He was a man of great ability and merit, served the people of this county in the Legislature, and was one of the Associate Judges. He was an uncom- promising Jacksonian Democrat, yet faithful to his constituents. He died August 24, 1848, aged seventy-six years. His wife died in 1826, and he mar- ried again, by which union he had one child, Anna, now the wife of J. H. Gillespie. By his first wife he had seven children — Elnathan, Leonora and Rounceful, all now deceased; Joanna, uow a resident of West Mansfield, Ohio; Catharine and Blias, deceased; and Ebenezer, who died in California. William Gorton, a native of Rhode Island, settled in the west jDart of this township, where William Webb now resides, in 1817. He was a very peculiar man, and noted as a horse trader. He had two children, Benjamin (deceased) and Mary. Mr. Gorton died on the place where he first settled. Jacob Burnham, a native of Connecticut, settled in this township in 1817, residing here till his death, April 23, 1866. He married Eliza Meecham, by whom he had the following children: Nicholas, who married Emiline Hop- kins; Eliza, married Simeon Fairchild, he died and she is now a widow and resides at Woodstock; Hiram, married Jane Reed, and resides on the home- stead place, and Albert, deceased. Eliphas Burnham, brother of Jacob Burnham, married Lydia Meecham, and resided through life on the same place with his brother Jacob. He was the father of the following children: Betsey, who married George Thomas, and resides in Champaign County; Harvey, married Mary Shields and resides at Irwin; Andrew, was twice married, first to Virginia Crawford, second to Nancy Amy, and resides in Champaign County; Marcia, married George Morse, and also resides in Champaign County; Ralph, married Martha Green; Dorcas, deceased; Lucas, died in the army, and Jared, who died unmarried. Mr. Burnham died February 11, 1881. Both Jacob and Eliphas Burnham were excellent citizens, much esteemed and respected by a large circle of ac- quaintances. George Woodward, a native of Kentucky, settled hex'e with his wife, Lydia, about 1819. He became fanatical on religion, united with the Shakers, and removed to Warren County, Ohio, where he died in 1828. His children were Lucy and George. After his death, his wife and her children went to the Shakers. Mr. W^oodward was a man of good character and integrity. George Fullington was born in Vermont in 1775, and married Rebecca Greeley. They emigrated to Ohio, and settled in this township in 1813, where they resided about eight years, thence removed to Madison County, and resided there till his death in 1885. His wife survived him many years. Their chil- dren were as follows: Sarah, married Alfred Carpenter, and moved to Illinois, where she died; Moses, married Harriet Guy, and settled on the old home place in this township, where he died; Clarriet, married William Guy, she died in 1827; Jefferson, moved to Illinois, where he married Eleanor English, and there resided till his death (liis body was brought home and interred in the Guy Cemetery, in Madison County); Adelaide became the second wife of William Guy; Mary, married Truman Kimball, and raised a family of ten children; she is now deceased; Abigail, married Charles Phellis, Esq., is de- ceased; and Selina married John Burnham, and now resides at Mechanicsburg. 178 HISTORY OF UNION" COUNTY. Mr. Fullington was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and although he worked some at his trade after he settled in Ohio, yet he gave his principal attention to fai^ming and stock-raising, in which he became largely engaged. He was a man of character and integi-ity, and a much esteemed and respected citizen. Nathaniel Kazer, a native of Rhode Island, settled at Milford, in this township, about 1817, and it is believed was the first hotel keeper in the town; also, it is said that the first court in Union County was held in one room of his house. Mr Kazer lived and died here; had one son, Lathrop, who mar- ried a daughter of David McCloud and moved away; is now deceased. Christopher Cranston, who died November 8, 1858, aged fifly-five years, settled with his father on Treacle Creek about 1818. or possibly one or two years earlier. Levi Churchill, a native of New England, settled on the Plains, on Sui'- vey No. 7,789, about 1817, where he remained a resident several years; thence removed to Marjsville, and subsequently to the West. He was a good citizen, and it is said made the brick for the old court house in Marysville. Elisha Reynolds, a native of New York, married Miss Witter, and settled in this township, on Survey No. 7,789, about 1817. He became a large land owner, and a prominent trader in both stock and merchandise. His children were Sarah, deceased; Elizabeth, married a Mr. Potter, of Delaware, and died in the summer of 1882, aged ninety years; Polly, married James Irwin, both deceased; Immer, deceased; Ira, mai'ried a Miss Chapman, of Worthington, Ohio; he died November 24, 1880; Hi la. married Asahel A. Woodworth; and Lewis, married a Miss Burnham and resides in Marysville. Mr. Reynolds served two terms as County Treasurer. He died February 10, 1843, aged sixty-four years. Nathan Burlingame, a native of Massachusetts, settled about two miles south of Milford, on Survey 7,789, about 1818-19. He was a man of marked ability; a New Light preacher, he became an enthusiast on religious matters, and finally united with the Shakers, but remained with them only a short time. He returned to Massachusetts, and there became cjuite prominent in the polit- ical matters of the times, and represented his county in the Legislature two or three terms. Ray G. Morse, a native of Providence, Rhode Island, born in 1808. In 1818, he emigrated with his father to Ohio, the journey occupying forty-nine days. They located first at Milford, there then being one log cabin and a small log mill in the tov/n. The cabin was in the brush, on the site of what is now Garwood's store. There was then not a clearing on the route between here and Delaware. Mr. Morse stated, at the first pioneer meeting, that the first slate he ever had he purchased with rabbit skins. He served a five years' apprenticeship at blacksmi thing. At one time he had sold muskrat skins enough to realize the sum of 75 cents, and then expended the whole in treat- ing twenty-eight persons to apple-jack. In those times, everybody drank ap- ple-jack. He once killed two deer at one shot, and had killed five in a day. Once he was at an Indian camp, and saw an Indian doctor cure a person who had been bitten by a rattlesnake. Martin Ballou, a native of Rhode Island, emigrated to Ohio in 1819, set- tled in Union Township, lived on the farm he first purchased for fifty years, and died November 25, 1869, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. Eliza Witter (the old homestead) He voted at every Presidential election after Washington retired from office, and cast his last vote in October, 18G9. He was an ardent Whig and Republican, a liberal suppoi'ter of educational and religious institutions, and a man much esteemed. He was eighty-nine years of age at the time of his death. ^ €i^ t^'U'i-.ift'T'-l^ l^4^in^ UNION TOWNSHIP. 181 John Mitchell, Jr., emigrated from Cumberland County, Penn., to High- land County, Ohio, in 1818, and five years later — 1823 — removed to Union County* Stephen and Jesse Bagley, natives of Rhode Island, settled at Milford about 1816-18. Edward and Anthony Moran, natives of Connecticut, settled in this township about 1819. Benjamin Hopkins, a native of Pennsylvania, settled here about 1821. Joseph Gibson, from Pennsylvania, settled about 1827. Michael Davis also came from Pennsylvania in 1829, and in the same year Elijah Witter, from New York. The above constitutes the greater por- tion of tho early settlers of Union Township. The following is a quotation from the writings of the worthy old pioneer, Eliphas Burnham, which portrays early times, and which may give future gen- erations some knowledge of the lives of their forefathers. Mr. Burnham writes : " When I came to Union Township there were a set of religious fanatics in Rice City, who were called Farnhamites, Douglas Farnham being their leader. They generally had preaching on Sunday, un- less Farnham was away. They held night and sometimes day meetings through the week; some of them were quiet, social prayer meetings, some for confessing their sins, and some for hugging and kissing each other. The ma- jority of their confessions would look decidedly bad in print. I attended their meetings occasionally, not expecting to be benefited, but out of curiosity. I will relate an incident that took place at one of their meetings I attended at the log schoolhouse, where the brick meeting house now stands, on the pike from Milford to Irwin, as I became personally interested in the proceedings. There was no preaching; they occupied their time in singing, prayer and ex- horting, till finally one of the sisters had a revelation from the Lord (so she said), to deliver a short exhortation, and to hug and kiss each and every in- dividual in the house; and she proceeded forthwith to obey the command. She began at the end of one of the slab benches, gave the exhortation, the hug and the kiss, then took the next, and so on in rotation. She had to perform on fifteen or twenty before my turn would come, so that I had ample time to de- cide how to act, and the decision was that I would resist; not because I was averse to embracing a female, or to a kiss either; on the contrary, I rather liked it — indeed was fond of it on all proper occasions, as young men always are, but there was nothing especially charming or fascinating in this one. When my time came, she delivered the exhortation, and then raised her hands to come round for the hug. I took her by the wrists — my arms were then pretty strong, and I had a powerful grip in my hands — and gave the wrists the full benefit of all the strength there was in them. Her countenance changed instantly, and she said, ' What! don't you want to go to heaven? ' I replied that I was in hopes to get there some time, but did not believe I should get there any sooner for letting her hug and kiss me. The grip was kept on the wrists till I was satisfied she would not make a second effort; then I let her go, and she took her seat without a word. I was rallied by the boys and girls a good many times on account of the adventure, but it passed away in time, and so did the fanatics." Again we quote from Mr. Burnham: " When we settled here, the terri- tory of Union Township belonged to Madison County. I went to London in the fall of 1819, to a regimental muster, and we had a jolly time mustering. The boys were from a good many different States; some of their idioms sounded very odd and funny. In the winter of 1819-20, Union County was setoff, and when the log jail was raised I carried up one of the corners. * Mr Mitchell kept a hatter's shop for many years in Milford Ceutre. He removed to Marysville in the spring of 1882, and died soon after. I I 182 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. " Marysvillft had at that time but few cabins in it; in fact, it was but just out of the wilderness — and now what a contrast! ***** The most of the territory of the county at that time was certainly a wilderness — and now what a change; it really does one good, who can appreciate the dif- ference, to ride over the county now, and look at the fine farms on every hand, and the splendid dwelling-houses on them, and the gravel roads. * * * * ' Uncle William Porter tells me that only the southern portion of Union Township belonged to Madison County, and that Milford belonged to Delaware County, and I presume he is correct, but if so, our company mus- tered in Delaware County in 1819, for I remember well that our company in May, and again in Septet aber, mustei-ed in Milford, and when we were dis- missed we were ordered by our Captain, David Comer, to meet in London on the day of the regimental muster. The early settlers of our township were subjected to some privations; but. on the whole, I don't think we have ever enjoyed life better since than we did the first ten years after we came here; for myself, I am sure that I have never enjoyed life better since. We had but little money, but we managed to get along Avell enough without it; we could get but little for our surplus, and some articles we had to buy were very cost- ly; for instance, wo paid for a barrel of salt, in the fall of 1818, after we arrived in Rice City, eighteen silver dollars. Jacob Hazle had taken a load of wheat to the lake, and exchanged it for salt. You may he sure that barrel of salt was carefully husbanded; one year from that time, we could buy for just half that. A great source of annoyance to us was the distance to the post office. There were none nearer than Urbana or Plain City. In this neighborhood; we went toUrbana. However, we soon managed matters better than to go there every week for our mail; foiu-teen of us clubbed together to get the Urbana paper, which was four cents a copy. We drew numbers, and number one went to Urbana. paid 56 cents for fourteen copies, and distributed them. Number two did the same, and so on. Once in every fourteen weeks, each one had to get the papers and distribute them, and the next thirteen weeks they were delivered at the door free of cost. We went on thus for about two years, more or less, when a post office was established in Milford. We felt like having a jollification over it. " We had no fruit, except the native plum; they were generally abundant, but did not last long. But in a few years we began to have peaches, and in a few more years apples, and we enjoyed them all the better for having been deprived of them for awhile. For about fifteen years peaches were a very sure crop, more so than apples are now. As I have said, we handled but very little money, and sometimes it was pretty hard scratching to get enough to pay our taxes, though they were not much compared to what they are now. I recol- lect one fall, I had failed to pay my taxes in time, and it made a lasting im- pression on my mind. It was the only time that I ever failed to pay my taxes in season. I had but few hogs that fall, and sold them for $1.25, net weight, just equal to $1 per hundred on foot, and I had a sale note out, which was due, and it took all the money to pay the note. I had nothing left to make the money out of to pay my taxes, except three yearling steei's, and there were no buyers; so it went on till about the lOth or l2th of January, when I heard that Elisha Reynolds (ex-Treasurer E. L. Reynolds' father) was buying steers. I went to see him immediately; he said he would come over the next morning and look at them, and buy them if I would take what they were worth. AVhen he saw them, he said that he would give me $8.50 a head for them, if I would drive them over; he said he had not paid but $3 for any, but they were better than any he had bought. I drove them over, got the money, $10.50, paid the taxes, $8, and had $2.50 left, and I don't think I have ever felt richer since. UNION TOWNSHIP. 183 I did not owe any person a dime, and had $2.50 in my pocket; and, as the Irishman said, 'What more did I want?' I have never failed to pay my taxes in good time since. "I have assessed the chattel property of Union Township thirty-two years, and I never failed once to return the assessment to the Auditor's office in good time. The Commisioners never had to adjourn the Board of Equalization because I had not made my returns. There were one or two years that I had to hurry things a little more than 1 liked, in consequence of the delay in get- ting blanks " SCHOOLS. The class of people who first settled in Union Township were energetic, enterprising men and women, and, as has already been stated, many of them had large families, the younger members of which needed to be educated and fitted for the duties of a new country. State and church demanded men of in- telligence and education; counties and townships were to be organized, laws enacted, and churches instituted, for the regulation and protection of the peo- ple who were so rapidly filling up this wilderness of a country, possessed of untold wealth of soil. The old, gray headed sires must soon pass from the field of action; and especially was this true here, under the hardships of pioneer life, and the fatality which existed from malaria, milk sickness and other prevailing diseases; and the rising generation must be fitted to assume the duties soon to devolve upon them. Mauy of the fathers had come from New England, the land of schools and colleges, and they knew and appreciated the value of education. Hence, from such a class of settlers we might expect just what was the case — early establishment of schools and institutions of learning. Just what year the first school was started is at this distant day difficult to ascertain. But it is believed that in the Reed settlement a school was taught as early as 1806-08. Of course here, as elsewhere, the first schools were individual, or subscription schools. The first building erected for school purposes was a round-log cabin of the most jh"imitive kind — chinked and daubed — with puncheon floor, slab benches and greased paper windows. This house was succeeded by another log one, and this, again, by a good, comfort- able, hewed- log building, which served the people for many years. Some of the first teachers were David Chapman, Jeptha Peasely, Balph Phelps and Thomas Cratty. It is probable that the next school started was in the " Green settlement," on the post road. The first school taught here was by Nehemiah Sabine, in the winter of 1814. Mr. Sabine died before completing his labors in the school, and his son, Hiram, taught the remainder of the term. Other teachers, who followed Mr. Sabine, wei-e Henry Mathews, Levi Phelps and William Burn- ham. This settlement was made up of New England people, and they estab- lished the first free school in the township. As the settlements increase these early schools were multiplied, until, in the spring of 1826, the township was officially divided into school districts, as follows: " On March 24, 1826, the Trustees o^ Union Township met for the pur- pose of dividing the township into school districts, and have divided the town- ship into six districts: No. 1, embraced the following heads of families: William Gabriel, Sylvester Phelps, William Porter, John Mitchel, Samuel Jamison, B. H. Lathrop, Elias Robinson, Harvey Burnham, Nathaniel Kazer^ James Riddle, Jacob Fairfield, David Burnham, Nancy Bowen, Warren Rose, Hezekiah Kennedy, Edward Moran, William Impson, Richard Gabriel, John F. Gabriel, William Gabriel, Sr.. George Reed, Alden Andrews, Edward Holy- cross, Daniel Andrews, Robert Johnson, William Snodgrass, David C. Winget, Jason Rice, Reuben P. Mann, Samuel Kazer, Calvin W^inget and John Por- ter, Jr. — 32 families. 184 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. " No. 2, James Robinson, Hugh Porter, Samuel Reed, John Holycross, Widow Wood, John Porter, Robert Suodgrass, Andrew Gill, Thomas Reed, James Reed, James Snodgrass, John Parthemore, Robert Snodgrass, Jr., Roger Moody, Jacob Parthemore, Samuel Reed (1st), John Kent, Widow Craw- ford, John Moody and H 20 families. " No. 3, Samuel Reed, David Witter, Benjamin Harrington, George Woodward, Jonathan Locke, Widow Kinion, Caleb Morse, John Irwin, Esq., Benjamin Hopkins, Benjamin Lyon, Elisha Reynolds, J. C. Miller, Moses Fullington, Asa Plummer, Thomas Dunton, Joseph Plummer, Jeremiah Dee, John Williams and Samuel Colver — 19 families. " No. 4, Alexander Reed, Margaret Reed, Mrs Hibbard, James Coolidge, Thomas McDonald, John Coolidge, Henry Vangordon, Vandever Reed, Mary Peters, Eleanor Stewart, Increas Mather, Daniel Alden, Jonathan Beerwelj, S. Mather, John Furrow, David Furrow, John P. Reed and Alford Hale — 18 faniilies. " No. 5, Samuel T. Hovey, Luther Wood, Nicholas Hathaway, Widow Comer, Eliphas Burnham, Jacob Burnham, William Gorton, Benjamin Gorton, Martin Balou, John Locke, David Harrington, Rhoda Stokes, William Doug- lass, E. Martin, J. Vest, J Cohorn, C. Bates, J. Locke, J. Dee, and J. Mc- Laughlin- -20 families. " No. 6, Joseph Morse, John Kennedy, Widow Dodge, L. Tarpenning, P. Tarpenning, Michael S. Wood, Uriah Wood, Russell Bigelow, Eliphas Bige- low, Susanna Sabine, Harriet Rice, Stephen Jackson, Joseph Whelpley, James Jackson, Moses Patrick, Widow Walton, William Irwin and Charles Rej^nolds — 20 families. The schools were now thoroughly established with each and every district clearly defined. These districts have since been changed, per- haps several times, and their number increased, until the township is now divided into ten sub-school districts, as follows, with the enumeration of 1882: ' @ Subdistrict No. 1 — Males, 65; females, 49; total, 114, Avhite. Subdistrict No. 2 — Males, 31; females, 35; total, 66, white. Subdistrict No. 3 — Males, 17; females, 14; total, 31, white. Subdistrict No, 4 — Males, 12; females, 8; total, 20, white. Subdistrict No. 5 — Males, 7; females, 8; total, 15, white. Subdistrict No. 6 — Males. 10; females, 9; total, 19, white. Subdistrict No. 7, Males, 10; females, 17; total, 27, white. Subdistrict No. 8 — Males, 35; females, 32; total, 67, white. Subdistrict No. 9 — Males, 31; females, 30; total, 61, white. Subdistrict No. 10 — Males, 12; females, 10; total, 22, white. Total males, 230: total females, 212; grand total, 442. There are 14 male and 6 female colored children; making a total number of 462 children. The ten schoolhouses contain fourteen rooms. Average wages of teachers: Males, $44; females, $31. Average number of weeks schools are in session, 25. Total valuation of school property, $21,300. REPORT OP BOARD OF EDUCATION. Balance on hand September 1, 1881 $ 3,630 10 State tax 693 00 Irreducible school funds 45 20 Township tax for schools, and schoolhouse purposes 7,664 73 Amount received from sale of bonds ^..'jOO 36 Fines, licenses, tuition of non-resident pupils, etc 153 57 Total $14,685 96 UNION TOWNSHIP. 185 EXPENDITURES. Whole amount paid teachers in common schools $ 4,275 00 Whole amount paid for fuel and other contingent expenses. . 5,772 88 Total $10,047 88 Balance on hand September 1, 1882 $ 4,688 08 In 1880-81, there was erected at Milford Center a large brick schoolhouse, with slate roof, containing four rooms, and nicely furnished throughout, at a cost of about $10,000. Three teachers are here employed, occupying three rooms; the fourth room being reserved for a high school. Also, at Irwin, a line brick house, with slate roof, has been erected, in gothic style, finely fur- nished, and costing over |6,000. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. Preshyterian Church, Milford Center. — The first religious organization in what is now Union Township, was formed by the Presbyterians, one and one- half miles east of the present village of Milford Center, either late in 1807 or very early in 1808. It was called Upper Liberty, and was organized out of a portion of the materials from a former church which had been formed at North Liberty, in what is now Darby Township, in the fall of 1800. The formation of the church at Upper Liberty occiu'red at the house of Samuel Read 1st, a committee having been sent for the purpose by the Presbytery; said committee was composed of Rev. James Hoge, D. D. , and one of his Elders. Mr. Hoge was made [.astor of the church at Franklinton (now Columbus), Ohio, having been installed June 11, 1808. The original members were twenty in number, as follows: David and Martha Mitchell, Samuel Mitchell, Sr., and wife, Samuel and Jane Ivirkpatrick, Samuel Reed, 2d, and Anna, his wife, David and Elizabeth Carey, Robert and Jane Snodgrass, Samuel Reed 1st, and Eliza- beth, his wife, William and Catharine Gabriel, David and Margaret Reed, and the aged and widoWad mothers of Samuel Reed, Ist and 2d. Samuel Reed 1st and Samuel Kirkpatrick were elected Elders, and inducted into otifice. Rev. Samuel Woods was installed pastor June 15, 1808, and remained in that connection till his death, April 27, 1815, in the thirty-sixth year of his age. He was born in Cumberland County, Penn., January 15, 1779, and was a graduate of Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Penn. In 1809, this society erected a rude log church, twenty-four feet square, which stood at the site mentioned, between the road and the old burying ground. About 1822-23, an addition eighteen feet wide was built on one side of the old church, and the building as thus enlarged was used until 18o4, when a brick church was erected at Mil- ford Center, and the congregation removed to that place. The brick church was 44x50 feet in dimensions, and cost about $1,500. It was occupied until the fall of 1869, when the society obtained the use, for one-half the time, of the Methodist Episcopal Church building at Milford Center. This arrange- ment continued for eighteen months, during which time the old building was torn down, the ground cleared off and the foundation laid for the present commodious building. The new structure was dedicated, free from debt, March 26, 1871, the pastor. Rev. William G. March, being assisted in the ded- icatory exercises by Rev. A. E. Thomson (a former pastor) and Rev. Hugh R. Price, since deceased. Mr. Price preached the dedicatory sermon. The build- ing cost about 14,500. April S, 1838, after its removal from the old location, the name of the church was changed from Upper Liberty to Milford Center. When it was- first organized, it was a part of the Presbytery of Washington, Ky., which included all that part of Ohio west of the Scioto River. It afterward belonged to Co- lumbus Presbyteiy, and was made a part of Marion Presbytery in 1835, when the latter was constituted. Its pastors have been as follows: 186 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Rev. Samuel Woods, 1808 to 1815. Revs. William Dickey, Archibald Steele, James Hoge, D. D., Elder Hughes, and some others, occasionally sup- plied this church until 1821, in which year Rev. James Robinson, "the ances- tor and kindred of a large tribe of Presbyterian Robinsons," was installed pastor, continuing in that relation until the fall meeting of the Columbus Presbytery, in 1828. He was a native of Washingtou County, Penn. . a grad- uate of Jefferson College, and was ordained in 1808-09. He removed to Ohio in 1808, and was one of the original members of Lancaster Presbytery, preaching the opening sermon on the day it was constituted at Lancaster, April 5, 1809. After filling numerous responsible positions in the State, fitted to his calling, he was finally taken to rest, April 22, 1847. His successor at Upper Liberty was Rev. Darius C. Allen, who came as a missionary to Madison and Union Counties in 1829, and served as stated supply of this church until the spring of 1831, when he removed to London, Madison County, and became pastor of the church at that place. Following are some extracts from his jour- nal, while laboring in Union County: " Sabbath, September 13, 1829 — Administered the Lord's Supper, in Upper Liberty, to about seventy-five persons. Two new members received at this time. The house was full; some unable to get seats. "September 19 — To-day, a man was thrown from his horse while running a race near Milford, in this county, and nearly killed. " September 21 — The man who was thrown from his horse on Saturday is still alive, but very much injured. This man is about forty-five or fifty years of age, and notoriously wicked. As he was mounting his horse for the race, he uttered a speech too shocking for repetiton. He started; his horse soon ran out of the path, and threw him against a tree. He was taken up nearly life- less. Medical aid was soon present, and, while the physician was bleeding him, he cursed him and inquired if he was going to kill him.* Although a pro- fessed Universalist, he called mightily upon the Lord for mercy. The horse race was on a muster day. The Lord hasten on the day when these silly, unprof- itable musters shall be abandoned, and when the prediction shall be fulfilled, ' Nations shall learn war no more.' There have been several deaths by racing, within the bounds of my labors, in the course of a few years past. "October 26 — -Attended a meeting of the congregation of Upper Liberty, to consult about erectinor a new meeting house. They aerreed on building, near to Milford village, a frame hou.se, 35x45 without galleries, according to a plan exhibited. A subscription paper has since been drawn up, and about $200 subscribed."]" "February 21, 1830 — At night, 1 preached at Milford Center., on the subject of Sunday schools. Pi'etty good number out. Obtained a Superintend- ent and two female teachers, and appointed a time for the school to com- mence. Perhaps a school may begin soon. Also, proposed to preach to the people next week on the subject of temperance, and to present to them infor- mation relative to the good cause, not because they are very intemperate, as a village, but because many of them are temperate, and are the very kind of peo pie who ought to co-operate in temperate movements." Rev. Benjamin Dolbear succeeded Mr. Allen, having been installed pastor of the churches of Upper and Lower Liberty in 1832. He also preached oc- casionally in Marysville, for two or three years. He was a native of Vermont, in which State he was educated, and preached for a, few years in the Congre- gational Church. His pastorate at Upper Liberty, or Milford Center, contin- * Little wonder he made the inquiry, for the aneient custom of blooding a m*a under treatment for almos any ill, or in case of accident, was nearly a resort to barbarism. + Ai« has been seen, the house at Milford Center was not occupied until 1S34, and it was built on a larger scale than the one proposfd at the meeting attended by Mr. Allen. UNION TOWNSHIP. ' 187 ued " till the stormy times of 1837-38, when he went with the N. S. branch, while the chm-ch almost unanimously adhered to the O. S. party." Mr Dol- bear married a daughter of Rev. Samuel Woods. His death occurred at Milford Center May 28, 1842, when he was but forty-two years of age. His successor in the pastorate of this church was Kev. William M. Galbreath, a native of Maryland, who was installed at Milford Center June 19, 1839, and at Lower Liberty October 7, 1839. His connection with the latter was dis- solved April 18, 1848, and with Milford Center about the same time. For nearly a year after he left, the pulpit was only occasionally supplied, but in 1849, Rev. James Pelan was installed pastor; his labors continued until the fall of 1852. He went subseqiiently to Alabama, and from the fact that he was a Northerner, in the beginning of the war of the rebellion, he was in- humanly murdered by a gang of rebel cut-throats, at his own house. Revs. John Miller, of West Virginia, David Irwin, and James A. Stirrat supplied this church at various times until 1854, when Rev^. Chester H. Perkins, a native of Madison County, Ohio, became supply, and he was installed as pastor May 31, 1855. In May, 1859, this relationship was dissolved with the view of his taking charge of the Delaware Female College. He subsequently ministered to the wants of other churches, and died October 17, 1874, in the fifty-third year of his age. After his removal, the church at Milford Center was supplied by Revs. Reuben Hahn, Andrew W. Boyd and Albert E. Thomson, the latter be- coming stated supply July 26, 1800, and pastor in September, 1861. He re- signed his charge at Milford in 1865, having been chosen Superintendent of the public schools at Marysville, where he was also pastor of the Presbyterian Church. He finally removed to Indiana, in the fall of 1874. Rev. John Fitch next supplied the church at Milford Center for a few months, and in October, 1867, Rev. William G. March visited the place. He began to supply this place and Marysville in January, 1868, and was installed pastor of both churches on the 18th of June following. Mr. March was a native of Colum- biana County, Ohio, and a graduate of Jefferson College in 1846. He contin- ued as pastor of these two churches until 1878, from which date Rev. N. K. Crow and others served as supply ministers vmtil January 1, 1882, when Rev. W. H. McMeen became the pastor, and is now serving in that capacity. The Ruling Elders of this church, from its organization to the present, have been Samuel Reed 1st and Samuel Kirkpatrick, David Mitchell, Richard Gabriel, William Gabriel, Sr , James H. Gill. John W. Robinson, Daniel Coe, John Powers, William B. Irwin, John S. Irwin, James R. Snodgrass, Moses Coe, Dixon Mitchell, A. M. Gill, S. R. Harbert, William Porter, James Martin, George Reed and D. Mitchell Robinson. In 188] , the church was repaired, and refitted with elegant walnut pews, the ceilings finely frescoed, and a new pulpit and new furniture entire, placed in it at a cost of about $1,100. It is heated by a furnace, and is one of the neatest and most substantial chui'ch edifices in the county, outside of Marys- ville. Methodist Episcopal Church at Milford Center.— In 1831, Rev. Thomas Simms organized a class at the house of Andrew Keyes, with the following members: Ebenezer Mather and wife, Jason Rice and wife, Mrs. Nancy Bowen, Mrs. Mary Monroe, Mrs. Jane Parkison, Mrs. Patty Kennedy, and a few others whose names are not now remembered. They held services in pri- vate houses and the schoolhouse till about 1835, when money was raised by subscription, and a small frame house, about 36x30 ieet, was erected by An- drew Keyes, the same being dedicated in that year. This house served the people until 1863, when the present brick edifice was erected on the site of the old house, at a cost of about $2,400. The house was dedicated on Sunday 188 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. morning, August 2, 1863, at which time $622 were subscribed, which paid all indebtedness and left money enough to inclose and ornament the grounds. Rev. J. Trimble preached the dedicatory sermon. This house is a good, sub stantial building, well finished, and has furnished the society a commodious and pleasant place of worship to the present time. The ministers of this church have been as follows: Rev. Thomas Simms, Rev. 13. D. Davidson, Rev. William Morrow, Rev. Michael Marley, Rev. Harvey Camp, Rev. Riley, Rev. Lovett Taft, Rev. Martindale. Rev. J. S. Adams, Rev. David Mann. Rev. G. G. West, Rev. Henry Horton, Rev. Longman, Revs. Lowe and Slocum, Rev. F. Lewis, Rev. Westervelt, Rev. Wolf. Rev. Charington. Rev. J. S. Adams, Rev. William Lewis. Rev. Callahan, Rev. Wakefield and Rev. Nay- lor. Some of the Class Leaders have been as follows: Andrew Keyes, Alexan- der Smith, William Stranahan, P. W. A Iden, Henry Neal, George P. Morrow, Dr. R. P. Mann, John Parkison, William Stage and A. J. Moore. First Baptist Church, Milford Center, was organized May 12, 1855, with the following constituent members: Elijah Witter and wife. Joseph Halte- man and wife, John S. Fulton and wife, Lucy A. Lucas, Horace Andrews and Thomas Andrews, with Elijah Witter as Deacon, and Joseph Halteman as Clerk. Trustees, Elijah Witter, James Simpson, Joseph Halteman and Horace Andrews. The following have been pastors of the church: Revs. James Simp- son, A. J. Wyant, H. H. Witter, Gray D. Bryant, John AVright, H. H. Dun- away, W. N. Bean and Rev. H. P. Clark, who is the present minister. Trust- ees, E. Witter, L. P. Monroe and John McClimans; Deacons, E. Witter and L. P. Monroe; Clerk, Eli Gabriel. In 1856, they erected their present church edifice. It is a good frame building, 30x40 feet, with a vestibule in front, 8x20 feet; making the entire length -IS feet. Entire cost, about 11,600. Christian Church, Union Toivnship. — It is believed this church was or- ganized in the spring of 1818 with the following constituent members, viz. : Nicholas Hathaway, Elisha Reynolds, Anson Howard, Joseph Johnson, Jacob Burnham, Benjamin Harrington, Darius Burnham, Reuben Hammond, Alex- andre Mc Williams, Sophia Reynolds, Olive Howard, Lydia Johnson, Betsey Harrington, Lydia Sibley, Lucretia Burnham, Betsey Burnham, Betsey Ham- mond and Rosetta Smith. For several years, they held their services in log schoolhouses and at private houses, till their congregations became too large to be accommodated in those small houses, and they finally resolved to erect a house for church purposes. About 1829-30, the present brick house was erected, which was one of the first brick buildings in this vicinity, and it is believed that Elder Fuson was the first minister to preach in the new church. Prior to the erection of the church, several pastors administered to this people, among whom were Elders Isaac Kade, Isaac Walter and James Johnson. Since they erected the brick church, they have had the following ministers: Elder Fuson, and several who followed him whose names are now forgotten, when Elder Riley came to the charge; he was followed by Elders Grifiin, Stephens and Josiah Knight. Again, after the re-organization of the church in 1860, the ministers who succeeded in charge were Rev. John Ellis, Elders T, M. McWhinney, Humphrey, Herrod and Chrisman. Present membership is over one hundred, with Elder Dobbins as minister and William Stillings and Milo Kimball as Deacons. This is one of the oldest churches in the county, and the chux'ch edifice, which is still in tolerably good condition, is now over half a century old. They now have preaching twice a month, and a Sunday school every Sabbath. About 1874, this society having become very large, and many members living at and in the vicinity of INjCilford, they erected a frame church at that village, at a cost of about $1,800, which is occupied by a branch of the old church, and services are regularly held at both places. UNION TOWNSHIP. 191 SECEET SOCIETY. Darhy Lodge, No. 636, I. 0. O. F., was instituted June 28, 1876, by- Joseph Dowdall, P. G. M., assisted by H. P. Gravatt, with the following charter members: French Garwood, James McCloud, J. T. Johnson, A. S. Chears, George P. Monroe, J. A. Moore, S. D. Elliott, James M. Devore, William Woodworth, S. B. White, J. T. Sager, Philip Coe, Robert Gaff, Allan Reed, G. D. Mitchell and . The following officers were elected: French Garwood, N. G. ; James McGloud, V. G. ; George P. Monroe, R. Sec. ; Allen Reed, Per. Sec; and G. D. Mitchell, Treas. The present membership (1882) is forty-five, with the following officers: J. N. Devoi'e, N. G. ; William Stillings, V. G. ; E. P. Houghton, R. Sec. ; M. L. White, Per. Sec. ; and S. D. Elliott, Treas. CEMETERIES. There are several very old biu-ial places in Union Township, as it was early settled; much sickness prevailed for many years, and the "grim messen- ger, " Death, was a frequent visitor in the unpretentious cabins. Perhaps one of the first burial places was at the Wood Cemetery, situated about one and a half miles east of Milford, on the north bank of the Big Darby Creek. This was first established as a family and neighborhood burial place, where many found early and premature graves. The gravestones here show burials to have been made as early as 1813, and it is probable there are some graves, un- marked, which received bodies at a much earlier date. Here rest many of the Woods, Reeds, Gabriels, Gills, Erwins and others of the noble and venerated pioneers. July 17, 1871, this piece of ground, consisting of 53 poles, owned by George and Josiah Reed, and 53 poles owned by Samuel Wood, making 106 poles, was, by the above-mentioned owners, deeded to the Township Trust- ees, who have fenced it in with a good board fence, and, with their succes- sors to office, are by duty bound to see that the cemetery is kept fenced and carefully preserved. Hathaivaj Cemetery is located about two and a half miles southwest of Milford Center. This was donated for burial purposes by Dr. Nicholas Hatha- way, and he and his wives, the Hopkins family, the Connors, and some of the Burnhams are here interred. This is also now in care of the Trustees of the township, and will be preserved. Teetei^s or McDonald Cemetery.— This was a family burying place. It is situated about two miles northwest of Milford Center, and contains one-half acre. E. C. March now owns the farm upon which it is located. The ground was deeded to the Township Trustees by George McDonald, May 4, 1874, and is now under their care and supervision. Milford Center Cemetery. — This is now the principal burial ground of the township. It was first used as a family and neighborhood burying place in an early day, and was then owned by George Brown, and subsequently by H. Burnham. About 1828-30, the citizens of Milford and vicinity entered upon the work of raising money by subscription to buy the small tract of land in which interments had been made. This was accomplished, and it remained thus till about 1840. when Mr. Burnham and wife deeded 1| acres of land to the Trustees of the township and their successors to office for cemeteiy pur- poses. In 1874, the Trustees purchased 1^ acres as an addition to the above. March, 1882, they pui'chased about five acres more, lying on the east of the old cemetery, and inclosed the whole with a good fence; and laid it all out in lots, drives and walks. Also, in the spring of 1882, the Trustees erected a substantial stone vault. They have set out trees and shrubbery, and orna- mented the grounds till it is now a beautiful depository for the dead. 192 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ROADS AND PIKES. The citizens of Union have given liberally and even bountifully to the support of her schools; so it has been equally liberal in the construction of good gravel roads and pikes. The first great and general improvement of a road in Union Township was made under the superintendence of David Comer, in which he expended $187.50 on the road from Irwin, or the road past Esquire Irwin's and through Milford to the crossing of the Marysville road. The State Legislature had appropriated $500 to Union County for the im- provement of her roads; and the above amount, $] 87.50, was apportioned to Union Township by the County Commissioners, with the appointment of David Comer to expend the same. From this time forward, progress in the improvement of roads was quite rapid. In 187C, the following gravel roads were fully completed, viz. : Milford Center & Irwin, 5| miles, built in 1867, cost $22,325.93; Milford Center & Urbana, 2f miles, built in 1S6S, cost $4,097.50; Marysville & Milford, 5| miles, built in 1871, cost $15,364.20; Irwin & Little Darby, 1| miles, built in 1871, cost $3,516.96; Post road, three divisions, 16| miles, built in 1873, cost $29,578.37; Milford & Bridgeport, 3| miles, built in 1873, cost $7,662.91; Irwin & Woodstock, H miles, built in 1873, cost $2,976.45: Milford & Woodstock. 3i miles, built in 1873, cost $4,697.92; Sabine & Bigelow, 5| miles, built in 1876, cost $15,560.61; Milford & Allen' Centre, 3^ miles, built in 1876, cost $5,303.65; John Connor Improved road, 2f miles, built in 1875, cost $2,752.91. Since 1876, there have been other roads graveled and improved, until now (1882) nearly all the leading lines are in good condition throughout the township. MILLS AND FACTOBIES. About 1810-12, George Heed erected a log mill, on the Big Darby, at Milford. Prior to the erection of this mill, there was none in the county,* and the people had to travel many miles to get their grinding done. This mill, though rude and rough, and not perfect in the execution of its work, was a great convenience. In 1818, it was destroyed by fire, but Mr. Reed immedi- ately built a frame structure on its site. Subsequently, he was succeeded by William Parkison and Jacob Fairfield; then it was run by Mr. Parkison and Standish Colver, who were succeeded by Timothy and John Elwell, who then erected a carding mill, and attached it to the grist mill. They were succeeded by John Elwell; he sold to James Reed, and he to Moore and Weller. The firm next became Weller & Neal, who, in 1870, erected the present mill in front of the old one; they were succeeded by Price & Waldron; then Waldron sold his interest to Price, who became sole proprietor and subsequently sold the property to S. D. Elliott, the present owner and proprietor. Mr. Reed also built a saw mill, which he operated in connection with the grist mill, and which has since sawed most of the lumber for this entire neighborhood. There have been a few other mills temporarily located in sev- eral {)laces in the township, which have done quite an amount of sawing for a limited time, but none permanent. In an early day, there were several distilleries built, but after a few years they were abandoned; these were all on a small scale, and manufactm'ed for family and home consumption. The principal of these were one owned and run by Richard Gabriel on his farm, and one built and owned by Harvey and David ±}urnham, near Milford. About 1815-16, Joel Frankelberger erected a tannery, and carried on the business a few years, when he sold to George Reed, who purchased it about *.See Chapter IV, jjcnpral hiftory. It is plainly stated by tlio old settlers of the sontheast part of the county that Frederick Sager's mill, near Plain City, was Imilt before Mr. Reed erected his nt Miltbrd. — P. A. D. UNION TOWNSHIP. 193 1818-20 for Wan-en Rose, who continued to operate it till he became aged and feeble, when the tannery went out of use. For many years, this tannery was worked to its fullest capacity, supplying Urbana and many of the sur- rounding towns with line saddle skirtings and other leathers. One or two other tanneries have been built in the township, but only conducted business a .short time. About 1845, Childs & Colver erected a building at Milford for the manu- facture of tine carriages, buggies and wagons. They carried on the business till about 1855, when Charles Erb succeeded them. He erected a large build- ing attached to the old one, and continued on a large scale for many years, or until his death. This establishment was a great acquisition to the town of Milford. Since the death of Mr. Erb, the business has been continued b}^ his sons. They are now giving their main attention to building heavy farm wagons, which in quality and dui'ability are unexcelled. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. Milford, — " This town was laid out, surveyed and platted for George Reed, on a certain tract or parcel of land lying and being in the county of Dela- ware, Uaion Township, and State of Ohio, on the south side of Big Darby, near George Reed's mill, No. 3,010, originally entei-ed in the name of Levin Jones,, sold to Alexander Carr, and patented in the names of George Reed and Robert Grant, under a decree of a Court of Chancery had in Franklin County and State aforesaid. The town is composed of streets and alleys and forty lots, named and numbered as follows: One main street, tive i-ods wide, by the name of ^V' ater street, and tive cross streets, tive rods wide each. The cross streets named respectively, beginning near the west end of Water street, or first, "^.v^est street; second, London street; third. Market street; fourth. Mill street, and fifth, Pleasant street. The lots are tive rods wide, and eight rods long, containing forty square rods. The number of the lots will begin on the south side of Water street, and west side of Mill street, at No. 1, and in a westward direction to No. 2, and so on to No. 14, reaching the west extremity of the town, then crossing to the north side of Water street to No. 15. then eastward to No. 23, and across Market street, leaves a reserve to Mill street, to No. 24, and then to No. 31, at east end of the town, then crossing to south side of Water street, to No. 32, thence westward with the numbering of the lots to Mill street, to No. 39, opposite No. 1, the place of beginning. The same being acknowledged by George Reed, before Thomas McDonald, a Jus- tice of the Peace, on April 8, 1810, and received and recorded, April 9, 1810, by Joseph L. Hughs, Recorder of Delaware County; Recorded in Vol. Ill, pages 492 and 493. William M. Robinson, Recorder, Union County.'" Milford Center. — "On March 3, 1853, a meeting of the citizens of Milford was held at the schoolhouse, with F. Garwood, Chairman, and E. L. Reynolds, Secretary, for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning the County Commissioners to incorporate them as a body politic, with the author- ity and powers given by the State of Ohio, to incorporated villages. A peti- tion was made, and duly signed by F. Garwood, E. L. Reynolds, and forty- five other citizens, with E. L. Reynolds as agent to act in the premises for and in behalf of the citizens. The petition was granted, and two transcripts issued — one sent to the Secretary of State and the other to E. L. Reynolds, the agent of the citizens of Milford Center. Also, an addition byT C. Moore, was made to the town adjoining Lot No. 41, on the west, consisting of five lots, duly platted on the record at Marysville. Again, in February, 1854, an addition was made by Wilson Reed, containing inlots from 1 to 12, and three outlots on the north. William B. Irwin, Surveyor Union County." The same duly certified to August 10, 1800, before O. C. Kennedy, J. P. 19Jt HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Again, on March 22, ] 866, was surveyed and laid out for Elizabeth Mann, widow and devisee of R. P. Mann, deceased, a third addition to the town; said survey being made by A. S. Mowry, Depiity Surveyor, Union County, and the same duly certified to and signed by said Elizabeth Mann, March 27, 1866, before Samuel B. Harbert, J. P. , and recorded March 28, 1866. James Smith, Recorder, Union County. It appears that after the town was incorporated in 1853, from neglect of the citizens to elect officials and continue their powers as a corporate body, they ceased to exist as such, and on August 4, 1866, were again incorporated, upon petition of J. J. Marsh, F. Garwood and thirty-nine other citizens, by the County Commissioners, James Fullington, Joseph K. Richey and John Cheney. December 5, 1866, at a meeting of the Trustees of Milford Center, it was ordered that there be a re-numbering of the lots of the village, which was ac- cordingly done. December 17. 1877, an addition to the town of Milford Cen- ter was made by French Garwood, embracing Outlot No, 14, in said town, and surveyed by A. S. Mowry, and the same acknowledged and signed by said French Garwood and Serepta H. Garwood, his wife, before J. G. Turner, J. P., and recorded January 24, 1878. George P. Robinson, Recorder, Union County." It is understood that before George Reed laid out the town of Milford, there was only his mill and one log house — the residence of Joseph Mathers — on the site. The first store was opened by George Brown. The first hotel was kept by Nathaniel Kazer; and it is said that in one room was held the first court of Union County. This tavern was situated near where Elliott's brick store now stands. The first blacksmith was Joseph Kennedy, and the first Postmaster David Burnham. Robert Branson had the first saddler shop. Daniel Bowen was the first physician. This town grew quite rapidly, and for several years was the principal trading point in the c^iunty. But after the county seat was located at Marysville, that town soon surpassed this in growth and business. In 1837, we find published in the Ohio Gazette, at Columbus, the follow- ing account of Milford: " A post town of Union County, situated near the center of Union Township, on the south bank of Big Darby Creek, five miles southwest of Marysville, thirty-two miles northwest of Columbus, twenty-two miles southeast of Bellefontaine, nine northeast from Mechanicsburg, eighteen northeast from Urban a, on mail route No. 1,616, carried on horseback once a week from Columbus through this place to Bellefontaine and back. The name of the post office is Milford Center. The town contains thirty dwelling houses, three stores, one tavern, one grist mill, one saw mill, one physician, two meeting houses — one for the Presbyterians and one for the Methodists — and several mechanics' shops." The town now (1882) coutains a population of about five hundred inhabitants, and has three general stores, four groceries, two drug stores, one hardware store, two milliner stores, two dress-makers, one grist mill, one saw mill, one carriage factory, two blacksmiths, two livery stables, one grain warehouse, two shoe shops, three physicians, two hotels, one watch-maker and jeweler, two barber .shops, four churches — Methodist, Pres- byterian, Baptist and Christian — and one schoolhouse, containing four rooms. Early Licenses ot Union Township: William Burnhp.m, dated May 15, 1820. George Brown, July 10, 1820, and July 11, 1821. Nathaniel Kazer, May 15, 1821. Otis Green, April 18, 1822. George Brown, July, 1822. Nathaniel Kazer, July. 1822 and Novem- ber, 1823. Andrew Burnham, November 29, 1823. David Burnham, April UNION TOWNSHIP. 195 21, 1824. Lanson Curtis, September 27, 1822. David and Harvey Barnham, October 4, 1825. Lanson Cnrtis, October 4. 1825. Benjamin Lathrop, June 14, 1825. N. Kazer, February 25, 1825. Irwin Station, a village of seventy-five or one hundred people, situated five miles southwest of Milford Center, on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati & Indianapolis Railroad, was laid out and called Irwin in honor of Mr. Irwin, one of the early settlers, who located near its site, and who became quite a prominent citizen of Union Township. Although the town was platted, yet it was never recorded; but it is a stirring and enterprising village, situated in the midst of a beautiful and rich farming country, and is an active trading place. The first house erected here was by James Miller; the first store was by John Parkison; the first blacksmith, William Phelps; the first Postmaster, David Clement The town now has one general store, by O. M. McAdams; one grain warehouse, by Messrs. Woods & Dolbear; one steam saw mill, by Mr. Hough; one shoe shop; one tile factory, by Anthony Moran; one blacksmith, Jacob Shunk; one physician. Dr. Plymell; also, a large business is done here in buying, pressing and shipping hay and straw, and also in buying and ship- ping wood. The IVIethodists at one time erected a church edifice here, but were unable to pay for the building, and it was sold, and is now open and free for all denominations. In 1880, there was erected a fine brick schoolhouse, consisting of two rooms, Avith slate roof, and of a highly ornamental order of architncture. Its cost was over $6,000. Homer was once quite a flourishing little village, but now nothing re- mains but four or five houses to show that there was ever a town existing. At the court house at Marysville, we find the following record : " Sui'veyed, October 10, 1834, for Elisha Reynolds, Surveys No. 7,789 aud 4,946, on the waters of Little Darby Creek, the county road running on the line between said surveys, being the main street, which runs nearly north and south, and the numbering of lots beginning at the south part of the town, on the east side of Main, at No. 1, and numbered northward progressively to No. 18, and on the west side of Main street said lots are numbered from north to south from No. 19 to 35. Said Main street is four poles wide, with two cross streets, three poles wide each, named respectively North street and South street. Each lot is eight poles long, from Main street to alley. Lots No. 9 and 28 are six poles wide; Lots 8 and 29, and 6 and 31 are four poles wide; Lots 30 and 7 are four poles wide; Lots 5 and 32 are three and a half poles wide; all other lots in said town, excepting the ones above stated, are five poles wide. An alley of one pole wide runs on the back of all the lots across the town. Levi Phelps, Surveyor, Union County. Filed and recorded November 1, 1834. P. B. Smith, Recorder. At one time this town had one saw mill run by water power, one large general store, one cheese factory, one furniture manufactory, one wagon and carriage shop — first in the county for manufacturing fine buggies — one cabinet shop, one shoe shop, one blacksmith shop, and a woolea and carding mill with a spinning jenny; this latter business was just below the town. Homer was a bustling, lively village about 1840; but its glory is departed, and not a single branch of business is now carried on in the place. Many of the dwelling houses have been moved away, and what are left are in a dilapidated condition. Such are the changes produced by time and circumstances! TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The first election of Union Township, after the organization of Madi^son County, and its formation into townships, was held at the hout^e of John Mathers, in Milford, October 10. 1820. John McDowell, Andrew Gill and 196 HISTORY OF UiS'ION COUNTY. Georo-e Reed acted as Judges. Hugh Porter and Richard Gabriel served as Clerks. Number of votes cast, 91. Ethan Allen Brown received 64 votes and Jeremiah Morrow 27 for Governor; Joseph Vance 46, Orris Parrish 24 and Daniel Smith 12 votes for Congress; scattering, 9; Gustavus Swan, 58,. and Joseph Foos 32 for Senator; Nicholas Hathaway 90 for Representative; Joseph Kennedy 32, James Biggs 21, James Ewing 30, George Brown 2, James Reed 1 aiid Nathaniel Kazer 1 for Sheriff; David Comer 79, Samuel Reed 44, Robert Nelson 75, Henry Sager 33. and Thomas McDonald 10 for County Commissioner; Joel Frankelberger 20, Nathaniel Kazer 41, Joseph Kennedy 8, Robert Branson 6 and Anson Howard 1 vote for Coroner. Num- ber of votes cast in 1876 was 396; in 1880, was 404. Trustees. — 1818. Andrew Gill, Joel Frankelberger and Ebenezer Mather; 1819, Thomas McDonald, William Gabriel and John Porter; 1820, William Gabriel, Joseph Kennedy and John McDowell; 1821, Elias Robinson, Andi'ew Gill and John Coolidge; 1822, William Gabriel, Nicholas Hathaway and Elias Robinson; 1823, Nicholas Hathaway, William Gabriel and Eilas Robin- son; 1825, William Gabriel, Jacob Fairfield and Elias Robinson; 1826, Jacob Fairfield, Thomas McDonald and John Parthemore; 1827, Jacob Fairfield, Elias Robinson and Benjamin Hopkins; 1828-29, Elias Robinson, John Parth- emore and Benjamin Hopkins; 1830-31. Benjamin Hopkins, John Parthemore and Harvey Burnham; 1832, James C. Miller, John Porter and Andrew Keyes; 1833, James H. Irwin, John Porter and Andrew Keyes; 1834-35, James Rid- dle, John Parthemore and James H. Irwin; 1836, ; 1837, Benjamin Hopkins, John F. Sabine and Jacob Fairfield; 1838, Jacob Fairfield, Asahel A. Woodworth and John Capit; 1839, John Fairfield, Elijjhas Barnham and Sumner Payne; 1840, Eliphas Burnham, Sumner Payne and Standish Colver; 1841, Jacob Fairfield, Sumner Payne and Eliphas Burnham; 1842, Sumner Payne, Eliphas Burnham and William Porter; 1843, Jacob Fairfield, Eliphas Burnham and William Porter; 1844, Jacob Fairfield, Benjamin Hopkins and William C. Piper; 1845-46, William C. Piper, William Porter and Sumner Payne; 1847, Sumner Payne, William C. Piper and John Reed 3d: 1848. Sumner Payne and Asahel A. Woodworth. 1849-50, Jacob Fairfield, John Reed and William C. Piper: 1851, William C. Piper, James C. Miller and Robert D. Reed; 1852-54, Robert D. Reed, William C. Piper and John F. Sabine; 1855-63, William C. Piper, Robert D. Reed and Artimus Fullington; 1864, William C Piper. Robert D. Reed and Harvey Burnham; 1865, Robert D. Reed, William C. Piper and Harvey Burnham; 1866-67, William C. Piper, Harvey Burnham and Joseph Coe; 1868-70, Dyer Reed, Harvey Burnham and William C. Piper; 1871-73, William C. Piper, Harvey Burnham and George Sinclair; 1874-76, George Sinclair, Harvey Burnham and B. F. Harris; 1877, George Sinclair, John Cranston and David Watson; 1878, David Watson, James Mitchell and J. J. Gabriel; 1879. David Watson, James Mitchell and William Stillings; 1880, B. F. Harris, Norton Reed and F. S. Pearl; 1881, ^Y. stillings. Milo Kimball and B. F. Harris; 1882, William Stillings, Milo Kimball and Norton Reed. C/erA;s.— 1818-20, Hugh Porter; 1821-22, Benjamin Treat; 1823-27, Nathaniel Kazer; 1828-31, Reuben P. Mann; 1832, Mathew Gooding; 1833- 36, David Burnham; 1837, Wilson Reed; 1838, Norman Chipman; 1839-43, Andrew Keyes; 1844-45, David Bmmham; 1846, Elias Topliff; 1847-51, David Burnham; 1852-58, Wilson Reed; 1859-75, William M. Winget; 1876-77, S. D. Elliott: 1878-82, J. G. Turner. Treasurers. — 1818, David Reed; 1819, Samuel Reed; 1820, George Reed; 1821, George Brown; 1821, 1823-24 (wanting); 1825. Richard Gabriel; 1820- 27, Harvey Burnham; 1828-29, David Burnham; 1830, John Gabriel; 1831- UNION TOWNSHIP. 197 32, David Burnham; 1833-37, Norman Chipman; 1838-41, Oliver P. Ken- nedy; 1842, Benjamin Dolbear; 1843-44, Mathew Gooding; 1845, Andrew Keyes; 1846, William M. Galbreath; 1847-51, Andrew Keyes; 1852-56, Eli'sha L. Reynolds; 1857-58, George B. Burnham; 1859-60, A. G. Wood, 1861-62, Joseph Coe, who resigned, and John Reed was appointed; 1863-78; F. Garwood; 1879-81, W. M. Snodgrass; 1882, F. G. Reynolds. Constables — 1818, Vandever Reed and James Reed, Jr. ; 1819, Benjamin Lathrop and. Ebeuezer Miles; 1820, Otis Green and Roger Moody; 1821, Will- iam Burnham and Benjamin Saunders; 1822, William Burnham and George Bagley; 1823, Andrew Burnham and Thomas Savjnders; 3824, Andrew Burn- ham and James Irwin; 1825, David Kingery and Hugh Porter; 1826. David Kingery and John Porter; 1827, David Kingery and Samuel T. Hovey; 1828, Hollis Awey and Samuel T. Hovey; 1829, Joseph Moore and Ebenezer Martin; 1830, Oliver C. Kennedy and Benjamin Lyon; 1831, Joseph Morse and Benja- min Lyon; 1832, Elijah Bassett and G. \\^. Carpenter; 1833, David Kingery and William Douglas; 1834, Levi Patrick and Elias Hartley; 1835-36 (want- ing); 1837, Elias Hartley, E. W. Bassett and Cyrus F. Waite: 1838, Elias Hart- ley, Ira Clark and James Gallowav; 1839. A. C. Jennings, Madison H. Dee, Elias Hartley and W. H. Spears; "l840, William Sager, Elias Topliff, Madi- son H. Dee and William Morse; 1841, Elias Topliff, William Spencer, Sam- uel Hawley and Samuel Dee; 1842, Samnel-Dee, Alonzo Garljck, Elias Topliff and Ransom Tarpenning; 1843, Ransom Tarpenning, L. W^ebster, J. H. Lum- bard and J. Barrett; 1844, John Barrett, J. H. Lumbar d, R. S. Mavnard and Ransom Tarpenning; 1845, John W. Hopkins, Benjamin H. Lillard, George Newman and Sylvanus Campbell; 1846, Ralph Cherry, Samuel Kerr, Lathrop Kazer and Joseph Rice; 1847, J. H. Lumbard, J. R. Galloway, Joseph Rice and William N. Turner; 1848, Galatia Sprague, John C. Moore, Harvey Burn- ham and John Grangan; 1849, David Dee, John Grangan, James L. Miller; 1850, Isaac A. Morse and John Morrow, Jr. ; 1851, John Morrow, Jr., D. W. Jones and Samuel Guy; 1852, John Morrow, William Gratty and Luther Winget; 1853, S. L. Reed, J. H. Lumbard and David Clement; 1854, T. Echelberger, Dyer Reed and George Morrow; 1855, J. T. Hage, S. L. Reed and E. Burrows; 1856, Enoch Burrows, I. W. Hopkins and David Clement; 1857, E. Burrows and J. C. Nichold; 1858, E. Burrows and J. A. Morse; 1859, George W. Gear, Enoch Burrows and Nelson Morse; 1860, W. M. Winget, Enoch Burrows and Joseph Morse; 1861, W. M. Winget, E. Burrows, Aaron Hill and A. T. Tanner; 1862, J. A. Morse, John Morse, W. H. Miller and W. M. Winget; 1863, J. A. Morse, W. M. Winget, Joseph Morse and N. N. Blake; 1864, W. M. Winget, S. L. Reed, W. Parthemore and N. G. Morse; 1865, S. L. Reed, J. A. Morse and John Galloway; 1866, Benjamin Locke, Jonathan Hardman and J. W. Swartz; 1868, F. McClenegan, A. Bronson and John W. Swartz; 1869, A. Bronson, B. Locke and G. W. League; 1870. A. Bronson, William Boswell and ; 1871, Mathias Welsh and A. Bronson; 1872, J. H. Weiser and Samuel Bonnett; 1873, A. Bronson and H. Stokes; 1874, Samuel Bonnett and I. N. Paris; 1875, James Mitchell and John Rob- bins; 1876, Samuel Bonnett and James Mitchell; 1877, C. M. Reed and James Mitchell; 1878, George Wilson and Douglas Stewart; 1879, F. M. Reed; 1880, M. Gabriel; 1881-82, M. Gabriel. Supervisors. — 1818, David Comer, Nathaniel Potter and Samuel Reed; 1819, Samuel Reed, David Comer, Andrew Gill and John F. Gabr;el; 1820, John Irwin, John T. Gabriel, Samuel Reed 3d, Andrew Gill, George A. Scott and David Witter: 1821, Moses Patrick, Joseph Mather, David Witter, John Parthemore, Samuel Reed and James Reed; 1822, David Comer, George Reed, Moses Patrick, Caleb Brooks, John Parthemore and Alexander Reed; 1823, 198 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. David Witter, David Comer, John Coolidge, Jacob Fairfield, George Reed, John Parthemore and Levi Churchill; 1824, George Reed, Benjamin Hopkins, Benjamin Harrington, John Walton and Edward Hovey; 1825, John Parthe- more, Martin Ballon, John Mitchell. George Reed and George Woodward. We will not give the Supervisors further, as they multiply very fast from this day forward, as the number of roads increased until their number reaches seventeen or more. Overseers of the Poor. — 1818, G. A. Scott and R. Branson; 1819, Stej^hen Bagley and William Gabriel; 1820, William Gabriel, Jr. and Jesse Bagley; 1821, Thomas Saunders and David Reed; 1822, Thomas McDonald and David Reed; 1823, Benjamin Hopkins and Richard Gabriel; 1824, John Porter and Sylvester Phelps; 1825, Andi^ewGill and Robert Snodgrass. The records give no account of this class of officers after the last mentioned date. Fence Vieivers.— ISIS, Joseph Mather and David Bowen; 1819. Joseph Kennedy and Thomas Saunders; 1820, David Bowen and Warren Rose; 1821, David Bowen and Jesse Bagley; 1822, Robert McCloud and Silas Lewis; 1823, David Bowen and Warren Rose; 1824, David Bowen and Otis Green; 1825, David Bowen and Joseph Kennedy. And here this office appears to cease. Appraisers. — 1818, George Hams; 1819, John Reed; 1820, Robert Bran- son; 1821-22, Nathaniel Kazer; 1823-24, A. A. Williams; 1825, James C. Miller. No further account of this office given. Listers. — 1818, James Cochran; 1819, Samuel Reed; 1820, John Reed; 1821-25, John Reed. No further account, as office is filled by the Assessor. Assessors. — 1842. John Reed 3d; he served till 1846, when Eliphas Burn- ham was elected, and served continuously byre-election until 1867. Anthony Moran was elected and served one year, when in 1868 Eliphas Burnham was again elected, and served continuously by re-election till 1879. ■ David Watson was elected and served one year. 1880, W. R Webb was elected; 1881, Anthony Moran was elected; 1882, no Assessor mentioned on I'ecord. Justices of the Peace— 1818-23, John Irwin; 1821-32, Elias Robinson; 1821, George Brown; 1817, Joseph Kennedy, Richard Gabriel and Daniel Bowen; 1818, Joseph Stewart; 1823, Richard Gabriel; 1824, Hardin Hovev; 1826, Eliphas Burnham; 1830, Mathew Gooding; 1829-31, W. B. Irwin; 1836-39, Andrew Keyes; 1833-53, -David Burnham; 1836-53, J. F. Sabine; 1842-56, W. B. Irwin (Mr. L-win served twenty-eight years); 1842, Elias Topliff; 1845-54, Andrew Keyes; 1851, Robert D. Reed; 1854, E. F. Mann; 1854-62, George B. Burnham; 1854-62, O. C Kennedy; 1856, John Stokes; 1858-63, David Clement; 1858-63, John Mitchell, Jr.; 1862, James B. Whelp- ley; 1864, R. D. Reed, J. C. Miller and Joseph Morse; 1865, William Goff and S. R. Harbert; 1866-77, William M. Winget; 1866, Harvev Burnham; 1868, Dixon Mitchell; 1869, C. L. Winget; 1870, Harvey Burnham; 1874, John Mitchell; 1876, S. D. Elliott and James McCloud; 1877-82, J. G. Tur- ner; 1877, F. S. Pearl; 1879, Alison Armine; 1881, I. N. Paris (never served); 1882, John F. Granger. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH BAKKR, deccascJ, was born in Mechanicsburg, Ohio, in 1819. and was a son of Fen-ill Baker. His early life was passed in the place of his nativity. He studied medicine, and after graduating in 1844, located in this township, where he practiced for a number of years. He was a skillful physician, and aa a man was universally respected. He was married to Phoebe, daugliter of David Burnliani ; he was an acceptable member and an honored brother of the Ma- sonic Lodge ; he died March 15, 1880. David Burnham, and Nancy (}abrie],his wife, were the parents of Mrs. Baker; tlie former was born in Connecticut and settled in this county in about 1820. He was a man of fine business attainments and a .lustice of tlie Peace for twenty years. His first wife died in 1829, and iie was married the second time to Elizabeth McDonald, who r '^J; <^i^r ^^ d-i^t^ UNION TOWNSHIP. 201 •was born in Ross County, Ohio, in 1804, and was a daughter of Thomas McDonald, an old set- tler. His first wife was born in this township in 1806, and was a daughter of William Gabriel. His second wife died in 1881. NELSON T. BENNETT, farmer, P. 0. Irwin, was born in Stockbridge, Windsor County, Vt , in 1832, and is a brother of Foster Bennett, whose sketch appears in this work. His •early life was spent in his native county until sixteen years of age, when he came to this township, and for five years resided with his uncle, John Smith, for wnom he worked four years after reaching his majority. At twenty-five years of age, he rented the Smith farm, which he and his brother afterward bought, and at present he owns "248 acres of well-improved land. In 1856, he mai-ried Miss Hannah N. McCloud, the daughter of Curtis and Betsey McCloud, natives ■of Vermont, who settled in this township in 1816. By this marriage, four children were born, viz.: William C, .John S., Clara E., and an infant, deceased. In politics, Mr. Bennett has al- ways voted with the Republican party in all matters of public issue. J. F. BENNETT, farmer, P. 0. Irwin, was born in Windsor County, Vt., in 1834, and is a son of William and Experience Bennett, natives of Vermont. At the age of twelve years, he came to Union Township and took up his residence with an uncle, John Smith, with whom he remained until 1872, when he went to Marysville. After a temporary stay at the latter place, he purchased his present farm, which consists of 200 acres of well-improved land. He is a member of Uarby Lodge of Odd Fellows at Milford Center, and, with his wife and daughter, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was married in 1857 to Miss Harriet McBride, a daughter of Alexander McBride, and by her has had one child — Cora. Mr. Bennett is a successful man- ager, and a good, practical farmer, and has accumulated during his life of farming a comfortable property, on which he resides. HENRY AV. BLAKE, deceased, was born at Georgetown, Vt., .June 19, 1833, and died in Union County, Ohio, March 7, 1867. His father, .John H. Blake, with his family, settled in this county in 1838, and made this his home through life, dj'ing here May 5, 1881. He was the father of eleven children, of whom George, Moses, Byron and Charles survive, and Henry AV., Samuel H., John T., Louisa, Cynthia, Mary and Hamilton are deceased. Henry W. was married July 24, 1855, to Mary J. Courtney, and had two children — Taylor R. and Ollie L. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded at the battle of Greenbrier, Virginia, in 1861. He was a life-long resident of the county, a car- penter by occupation, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and _Odd Fellows Lodge. His brother, Samuel H., enlisted in the same company and regiment, and was killed before Atlanta, Ga. John T. enlisted in 1861 in Company K, Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and was poisoned in 1863 at Milliken Bend. Byron enlisted in Company H, Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in October, 1861. Moses enlisted May 9, 1864, in Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. John W. and Jane (KefiF) Courtney, parents of Mrs. Blake, were natives of England, who settled in Bradford County, Penn., where they died. They had seven children, viz.: John, William, McCain, Mary J. and Helen, surviving, and Da- vid W. and Edward, deceased. David AV. enlisted in 1861, at the age of seventeen years, in the Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and re-enlisted in 1864, serving through the whole of the war. He was a color-bearer, and was wounded at the battle of Stone River and Chickamauga, receiving four bullet-wounds in one day. He was taken prisoner at Stone River, and for twenty days endured the horrors of Libby Prison. After the close of the war, he en- listed in the regular army, and was killed by the Indians in the Custer massacre. Edward Courtney was a drummer-boy in a Pennsylvania regiment, and was wounded and died, aged seventeen years. DR. DANIEL BOAVEN, deceased, was born in Vermont, and in 1816 came to Milford Cen- ter. He studied medicine in his native State, and was one among the first practitioners in this vicinity, in which he pi-acticed till his death. He was a skillful physician, and, as a man, was held in high esteem by all who knew him. During "old military days," he was Surgeon of a regiment. He was an accepted member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. He was married to Nancy Rice, by whom he had twelvechildren, of whom only one lives in this county, viz., Jane. A son, Daniel, is living, and the others are deceased. ELIPHAS BURN HAM, deceased, was born at Hampton, Windham County, Conn., February 9, 1799, and was a son of Eliphas and Lydia (Smith) Burnham, natives of Connecticut. The ancestor of the sixth generation emigrated to this country from England. In 1818, the family came to Ohio, locating in this county, and in the spring of the following year Eliphas, Sr., set- tled his children along the western line of this township, purchasing 200 acres of land. They had the following children : Jacob, Zelinda, Eliphas, Lovenda, Orrilla, Juliette, Lydia, A. S. and Nancy M. Of these, all but Lovenda lived in this county, she living in the same neighborhood, but in Champaign County. The father and mother both died in this county ; he soon after their arrival, and she subsequently. Our subject was married to Lydia Meacham, July 3, 1820. She was a native of Connecticut, and a daughter of Joseph Meacham, who settled in Champaign County in 1820. Mr. Burnham owned and resided on his first purchase until his death, owning at that time about 400 acres. His brother Jacob resided with him, and together they did busi- ness and attended the operations of the farm. Mr. Burnham served as Justice of the Peace 12 202 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. three years, and for thirty-one consecutive years, from 1846, acted as Assessor. He was a man of sound judgment, one of the active movers in the organization of the Fair society in the county, and a champion of every movement that tended to the elevation of his community. Honest in business and trustworthy in every fiduciary capacity, he was often called upon to administer the estates of deceased citizens, and was always a friend to the widow and orphan. He was a mem- ber of the Universalist Church, but liberal in his religious belief, and open-handed in his con- tributions to all denominations and to every worthy enterprise. He was temperate in his habits, and a strong advocate of temperance in others, but not at all fanatical in his views. He died April 13, 1881. His wife, who was born June 14, 1796, died April 8, 1867. They had eight children viz.: Betsey, Thomas, Harvey, Andrew, Ralph, Marica Morse, Lucas, deceased, Dor- cas S., deceased, and Jarred, deceased. Lucas enlisted in the Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, August 9, 1862, and died in Vicksburg Hospital July 23, 1863. Ralph was in the one hundred days' service. Jacob Burnham, the brother of our subject, was born October 27, 1794, and died April 26, 1866. He married Eliza Meacham, sister of his brother's wife. She was born May 30, 1802, and by her he had four children — Nicholas H., Albert, deceased, Hiram G. and Eliza A. The two families lived together, eating breakfast separately, but the other two meals together. Harvey Burnham, the non of Eliphas, was born in 1823, and was reared in the town- ship where he lived the whole of his life, except five years spent in Champaign County. He was married November 17, 1861. to Mary Shields, daughter of J. B. Shields, by whom he has had seven children, viz.: Lucas, George, May, Pertie, Lydia M., Elmer and Bertie. Mr. Burnham has served as Trustee ten or twelve years, and as Justice of the Peace two terms. He owns 100 acres of land, well improved and under thorough cuUiyation, upon which he resides. RALPH BURNHAM, farmer, P. 0. Irwin, is a son of Eliphas Burnham, deceased, and was born on the old home place. His early life was psssed on his fatlier's farm, and in the district schools le oi'tained his education. He was married to Martha M., the daughter of William P. Greene, of Wisconsin, in 1861. He has lived in the township all his life, with the exception of a few years during which he resided in Iowa. He served one hundred days in Companj' B, of the One hundred and Thirty-fourth Ohio National Guards; two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Burnham, viz.: Marble G. and Uorcas S. He and his sou own 100 acres of land. N. H. BURNHAM, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born at the oM " Burnham homestead." in this county, November 23, 1823, and is a son of Jacob Burnham. an old settler who was born in Windham County, Conn., and had four children — N. H., Albert, deceased, Hiram G. and Eliza Ann, now Mrs. Fairchilds. In the early days of the county, he was much interested in religion and religious matters, and in his farm operations he met with well merited success, accumulat- ing a large property, which, descending to his children, has made them all in good circum- stances. Our subject vtfas reared ou the old place and received a commom school education. On February 13, 18.51, he married Emeline E. Hopkins, daughter of Benjimin Hopkins, by whom he has had four children, viz.: Albert, Lizzie, Hattie and S. F. Mr. Burnham has been successful in life and now owns 213 acres of excellent land in Survey No. 7790. GEORGE CALDWELL, farmer, P. 0. Irwin, is a son of Thomas and Jane (Fullington) Cald- well, natives of Pennsylvania, and was born in Union County, Ohio, January 23, 1843; his father died when he was ten years of age, and until thirteen years of age he lived with his uncle James Fullington. He then lived with his mother until he reached his majority, when he took possession of the farm left him by his father, on which he resided until 1869, when he pur- chased the " Hill farm," on which he resides at present. On October 15, 1865, he married Maria, daughter of Archibald and Catharine (Argo) McAdams, and by her has had five chil- dren, viz.: An infant son, deceased, Hettie, Ella, Mora and Jinquie. Mr. Caldwell is a lifelong farmer and stock dealer and owns a farm of fifty-five acres. He is a Republican in politics. His mother resides in Mechanicsburg, at the advanced age of sixty-one years. JOHN CONNOR, farmer, P. O. Milford Center, was born in County Kings, Ireland, in 1812, and lived in his native place till 1836, when he emigrated to this country, landing in New York August 26, and on November 29 following arrived at Milford Center; the ten following years he rented land, and in 1847 he piirdiased 277 acres where he n')vv lives. Success has crowned the effort put forih by Mr. Connor, and his accumulations resulted in 469 acres of fine land He was married to Catherine Conelly in Ireland, who bore him ten children, five living, viz.: Thomas, John, George, Eliza and Catherine. Thomas was a member of the Thirty-second Ohio Regiment ; he en- listed in 1862, and was wounded in the leg at Harper's Ferry. Mrs. Connor died in 1856. JOHN CRANSTON, deceased, was horn in Champaign County, Ohio, January 25, 1829, and died at his home in Union County, October 6, 1876. He was the third child of a family of seven children born to Juhn B. and Betsey (Lathrop) Cranston, the latter now deceased. He was raised on the farm and remained in his native county until 1858, when he came to Union County, settling on Buck Run, two and a half miles below Milford. Eleven years later, he moved to the farm on which he spent tlie remainder of his life, and where his widow now re- sides. He was a lifelong farmer and was one of the first farmers in this section to deal iu the Norman draft horses; at the time of his death, he was possessed of about 223 acres of very fine land. On November 11, 1847, he married Sarah Jane Bland, a diughter of Saul and Aba- gail (Pharas) Bland, natives of Virginia, who had a family of twelve children. By this uuioQ UNION TOAVNSHIP. 203 two children were born — John L. and Chira, both of whom died in infancy. Mrs. Cranston died in 1851, smd in 1852 Mr. Cranston married E'reline Bond, a sister of his first wife, and by her had five children — Clarence, a resident of Topeka, Kan.; Hagar, wife of Henry Zeminar; \iola, wife of Charles Erb ; John B. and Anna B., the two latter being the only ones at home. Mr. Ci-anston was a Republican in politics, and at the time of his death was serving as a County Commissioner ; he also held, during his lifetime, most of the oifices of his township, including Trustee, School Director and others. He was a substantial farmer and a devout Christian irentleman. He was a member of the Christian Church all his life, having made profession at The age of thirteen years, and took a deep interest in all religious matters. During his life, he made provision for very liberal bequests to be paid to several religious institutions connected with his church, including the Union Christian College of Ind., Starkey Seminary and the Bib- lical Institute, New York, in addition to amouuts paid to these corporations and to churches during his lite. JOSEPH DAVIS, farmer, V. 0. Milford Center, was born in Virginia in 1795, and is a son of George Davis, of Virginia, who was a son of Michael Davis. In 1810, the fiimily came to Ohio, nnd settled in Knox County, where they made a permanent home. Our subject followed farming in Knox County until 1854, when he came, with his family, to this county, and pur- chased 196 acres of land where he now lives. He was married, December 3, 1818, to Lydia Shenneberry, by whom he has had the following children, viz.: Mary, Howley, Michael, Mar- garet, Elizabeth, Joseph, George, Shannon and Catharine, now surviving, and Nancy, George, William, Lydia and an infant, "deceased. The survivors all reside in this county, and are all well to do. Mr. Davis has always been a member of the Presbyterian Church, and his wife of the Christian. He began life with no means, but by industry and close attention to his business he has accumulated a handsome property, which he now^ fully enjoys. He and his sons own about titiU acres of prime land. WILLIAM DAVIS, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Knox County, Ohio, Novem- ber 18, 1818, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth Davis, the former a native of Virginia and a sou of George Davis, who removed to Pennsylvania, and in 1810 came to Knox County, Ohio. Here Michael lived until 1829, when he came with his wife and four chi'dren — Catharine, Will- iam, Alexander and Mary — to Union Couuty. Four others were born here, viz. : George W. Harrison, Nancy and Joseph, Jr. In 1829, the family 'settled on the land occupied by George Ilawley, purchasing eighty acres. Two years afterward, he sold this and purchased where John Siuber now lives, which he also sold afterward. He was always a resident of the county, and prospered financially. He was a Presbyterian in belief. His son, Harrison, enlisted in the Sixty-sixih Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as First Lieutenant of Company H, which he helped to raise, and was killed in the charge on Mission Ridge. Joseph and Alexander served in a '-hundred days' " regiment. Mr. Davis died in 1872. Mrs. Davis is yet living at an ad- vanced age. Our subject was eleven years old. when his parents came to Ohio. He has since then made his home in Union County. He has never married, but has always had charge of his fatlier's family. He owns a good farm of ninety acres, in the northeastern part of the township. His father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and passed through this township in 1812 on his way to join his regiment at Urbana. He was in Lewis Cass' Regiment, and Hull's division. PETER DIX, proprietor Union Tile Factory, Irwin, is a son of Clark Dix, an old settler of Champaign County, and was born in 185o. His early life was passed on the farm, and he con- tinued in agricultural pursuits until April 1, 1882, when he purchased the tile mill now owned by him, and two acres of ground, of J. A. Gillespie. He was married, December 5, 1875, to Miss Ella J., a daughter of E. K. and Mary Chester, of Linn County, Iowa, and a native of Hancock County, Wis. By this marriage three children were born, viz. : George E., Frank E. and Arthur W. Mr. Dix and wife are members of the Universalist Church. He has entered ex- tensively into the maniiifacture and sale of drain tile, employs three men, and turns out a quantity of superior tile, which finds a ready market. His kiln has a capacity for burning over 200 rods, whicn will be largely increased during the next year His ware is eagerly sought for by purchasers on account of its superior finish, which renders it less liable to break and makes it mure durable than the ordinary tile. H. N. DOWNER, retired, Milford Center, v.as born in Orleans Cunty, Vt., in 1806, and passed h s early life in his native State, in which he lived till after his marriage, when he went to Westville, N. Y., where he lived twelve years, and followed shoe-making an 1 farming. In October, 1845, he came to this county, and landed in Milford Center |7.25 in debt, which amount he earned and paid by working at 37i cents per day. He has followed his trade since, ana has always had an abundance to do. His energy and ambition always found him plenty of work, and he has been prosperous; he owns a nice pioperty, consisting of twelve acres of land, with a good building erected thereon. On July 12, 1829, he was married to Mai'y Jones, who has boine him eight cbihlren, five of whom are living, viz.; Harlwell N., Alvin, Lavonia, Abijiail and Albert W. The deceased are Grafton and two infants. Grafton was a member of Company F, Thirteenth Ohio Regiment. Enlisted in 1861, and was killed at the battle of Stone River December 31, 1862, aged twenty-two years. Albert W. enlisted in 1864, and was a drummer. Mrs. Downer died in 1878. She was born in 1809. Mr. Downer has been a life- long Kepublican. 204 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. S. D. ELLIOT, merchant and miller, Milford Center, was born in Stark County, Ohio, in 1828, and is a son of John D. and lluth (Dillon) Elliot, natives of Ohio, who settled in Logan County in 1849, where they made a permanent home. The early life of our subject was pa^^sed in the milling business. When he reached his majority, he began merchandising in Zinesfield, Logan County, where he carried on business for twelve or fifteen years. In 1878, he located at Milford Center and purchased a mill, which he has operated since. In 1877, he purchased the business of French Garwood, deceased, and has since been engaged as a merchant. He was married, March 14, 1850, to Miss Margaret Henry, of Logan County, by whom he has had three children, Etta, Pattie and Linnie. His son has charge of the store and is assisted in its man- agement by David Hopkins, a colored man, who has been connected with the business for many years. The mill is in charge of a son-in-law, J. A. Moore, who has been in tlie mill since 1873, and has had entire control since 1877. Mr. Elliot is a member of Darby Lodge, No. 636, I. 0. 0. F., of which he was a charter member. He is also a member of Palestine Lodge, F. & A. M., Marys ville, and of the Chapter. CHAP..LES ERB & BllOTHEll, manufacturers of carriages and buggies, Milford Center. The business of the above firm was established in 1850, by Charles Erb, the father of the present proprietors, who continued the business until his death in 1874. He operated quite ex- tensively during his life, and at his death handed the business down to his sons. He was a native of Biden, Germany, where he learned his trade. He emigrated to America in 1850, and in the same year located and began business as above stated. He was the father of ten children , of whom six — Charles, George, Mary, Will, Lewis and Lizzie — are living and residents of this county, and Anna, Carrie, Emma and Lewis are deceased. The brothers who now control the father's establishment learned their trade under their father's instructions and are both compe- tent and efficient workmen, who turn work out at their factory that is equal to any in the county. They employ usually about six hands. They do an extensive business and all their finished work fimls ready sale in the local markets. Charles, the senior member of the firm, was born in this place in December, 1854, and when of suificient age entered the business which he now controls. In 1879, he married Viola, daughter of John Cranston, deceased. George, the junior member of the firm, was born in 1857, and w.is also early put to work at his trade. .1. V. FINLEY, retired farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., in the year 1801. His life was passed in his native State until 1846, when he came to this county and settled in Allen Township, purchasing 300 acres of land which he cleared and improved, and in 1875 sold. He has held some of the minor offices of the township and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch, with which he has been connected a number of years. He was married in Pennsylvania to Elizabeth AVilliams, by whom he has had nine children, eight living, viz.: Joseph, Robert, James E., John, Alfreil, Margaret, Frances and Mary. Joseph and Robert were privates in the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which they enlisted in the beginning of the war and with which they saw active service until the rebellion was put down. John w-ed, Charlie and Zoe. J. M. McILROY, farmer, P. O. Irwin, was born in Richland County, Ohio, in 1837, and is a son of James S. and Cassadia Mcllroy, the former a native of Washington County, Penn.. and the latter of Harrison County, Ohio. Our subject's boyhood was passed on a farm, his education being limited to the common schools. Before reaching his majority, he moved with his parents to Illinois, and after residing in that State about three years he went to Iowa, where he spent three years more, returning to Champaign County just before the war. In October, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Sixty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in De- cember, 18(>3, was veteranized, receiving at the same time a First Lieutenant's commission. He saw hard service until the close of the war, passed all the grades of promotion up lo Captain, and as such resigned his commission at Goldsboro, N. C, March 5, 1865. Returning home, he followed farming in Champaign County until 1882, when he bought 237 acres where he now re- sides. He was married, i\Iarch 13, 1866, to Susan, daughter of T. M. Kimball, of Champaign County, and by her has had four children, viz.: Nellie, Thaddeus, Lois and James. JAMES C. MILLER, Sr., retired, P. O. Irwin, was born at Green River, N. Y., December 14, 1797, and is a son of Joseph Miller. He came to Ohio in 1814 and in the spring of 1815 came to his uncle, Samuel Colver's, in this township. In the fall of the same year, his mother, Ruth Colver, with her children, Samuel and Charity, came to Ohio and made a permanent settlement here. Mr. Miller continued living in the township until 1865, during that time par- taking of the official honors of the township, and serving the people as a Trustee and Justice of the Peace. He was also a Colonel of militia in the old days of State militia. He was married in 1821 to Zelinda, daughter of Eliphas Burnham, and after marriage settled in Survey No. 9,020, where he lived several years and then located on land now owned by James Fullington, in Sur- vey No. 4,946 ; here he lived until 1849, when he settled where J. B. Miller now lives, and re- mained until 1860; in 1865, he went to Missouri, but returned in 1869 and has since lived here. He had seven children, viz.: Harriet, Eliphas (deceased), Zelinda, James, Lydia A., Rebecca and Harrison. Mrs. Miller died September 1, 1877 ; she was born in Windham County, Conn. Mr. Miller is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the Universalist Church. Though over fourscore years of age, he retains all his mental faculties, is well preserved in body and bids fair to live many years. His mother was married the second time to Henry Smith, by whom she had two children — Charity and Samuel. Mr. Miller's grandson, John B. Miller, the 212 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. subject of this additional notice, was born in Madison County in 1850, and is a son of James C. Miller, Jr., a native of this county, now livings in Champaign County. He was reared in Madi- son County, and at the age of ten years settled where he uow lives, and owns 153 acres of land in three counties. He w.as married to Mary E., daughter of George Hopliins, an old settler, by whom he has had four children, viz.: Lewis B., Nettie M., Harrison and Pearl. GEORGE MITCHELL, farmer, P. O. Milford Center, is a son of Moses AHtchell and Jane Taylor, his wife. Moses Mitchell was a son of David Mitchell, who came from Kentucky to Ohio, and in 1800 settled in Darby Township, where he bought 800 acres of land, on which he made a permanent home, afterward making additions to his original tract. Moses Mitchell was fifteen years old when the family came to tliis county. He married Jane Taylor, a daughter of a pioneer, and resided in Darby Township until his death. He was successful in his firminff operations and succeeded in accnmulaticg considerable property. He served for a time in the war of 1812 as a substitute for his brother. He was a great hunter, and very successful in his dealings with the Indians, having a decided tact in that direction. His milling was done at Chillicothe, to which place he drove with an ox team. He had five children, viz.: Martha (de- ceased), Moses (deceased), Daniel, David and George, the survivors living in this county. Mrs. Mitchell died in 1823, and Mr. Mitchell married Jemima Cartwright, by whom he iiad seven children, viz.: Melissa, Betsey, Abraham (deceased), Aaron (deceased), Amanda (deceased), Margaret A. (deceased) and Elijah, the three survivors residing in this county. George enlisted in 1864 as a priv.ate in Company B, Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged July 3, 1865; Elijah was a member of a three months regiment of National Guards. The father died in 1861 or 1862, at an advanced age. He was a moral, upright man, of e.xcellent habits. Our subject was born in 1823, and has been a life resident of this county. He was mar- ried in 1816 to Ann Gamble, of Union County, by whom he has four children — William, Sarah .!., Samantha and Nathan. The parents are exemplary Christian people and members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J. A. MOORE, miller, Milford Center, was born in Nodaway County, Mo., in 1847, and is a son of William and Mary Moore, natives of Ohio, who removed to Missouri at an early day. The former was a millwright by trade and erected the fir^t mill in the above county, which was burned down by the Indians after its completion. Mr. Moore becoming discouraged, started for Iowa, but while still in Missouri was overtaken by a prairie fire, in which his wife was consumed. This was in 1850. The county seat of Nodaway County, Marysville, was nameil after Mrs. Moore, whose given name was .M.ary. Mr. Moore died at Cannelton, on the Ohio River, in 1851, while en route for home. He had seven children, five of whom returned to Belmont County, Ohio. Our subject remained in Belmont County until fourteen years of age, when he entered a printing office at Coshocton, Ohio, and remained one year. In 1862. when but fifteen years of age, he enlisted in the Twelfth Ohio Independent Battery, in which he served three years, seeing and participating in a number of the hard-fought battles of the war. He was dicharged March 1, 1865. After his return home he attended school one term in Columbiana County, Ohio, after which he clerked in a drug store one year. He then served a regular term of apprenticeship tc tiie blacksmith trade, and after carrying on a shop for three years sold out, and in 1871 be- gan working at milling, a trade he had partly acquired before entering the army. He was mar- ried in 1869, to Etta, daughter of S. D. Elliot, his partner in the mill at Milford Center, and by her he lias one son, Orrie. Mr. Moore is a member of Darby Lodge, No. 636, I. 0. 0. P., and was a charter member of the Encampment at Marysville. MRS. EUNICE B. MOORE, retired, Milford Center. Is the wife of William B. Moore and the daughter of Elijah Wiiter. She was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1835. Her first marriage was celebrated with George Harris, of Franklin County, Ohio, in 1854, by whom she had three children, viz.: Amy C, wife of Eli Gabriel, Amanda S., and an infant deceased. Mr. Harris died in Madison County, Ohio, in 1865. Her present husband is a native of New Jersey, to whom she was married in 1866. The entire family are members of the Baptist Church and exemplary Christian people. ANTHONY MORAN, farmer and manufacturer of drain tile, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in this county July 7, 1829, and is a son of Edward and Eliza (Locke) Moran, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Connecticut. At the age of twenty years, the former came to this country and settled in this township at a very early day, making it his permanent home. He had five children — Mary, Anthony, John, James and Jane — our subject being the only sur- vivor. Mr. Moran died August 10, 1837, and his wife in 1848. She was a daughter of Jonathan Locke, an old seitler, who died in July, 1832. Our subject remained in the township, where he was raised until 1855, when he went to Illinois, but in 1858 here-turned to this county. In 1851, he married Imogene, daughter of A. Woodworth, an old settler, and by her had nine children, viz.: .\llen, John, Ella, Charley, Etta, deceased, Asa, deceased, Mary, deceased. Lulu, and an infant, deceised. Mr. Moran has been Assessor of the township three years. He is a member of Mechanicsburg Lodge, No. 113, F. & A. M. Thirteen years ago he began the manu- facture of drain tile, within sight of his present kiln, and has since manufactured annually large quantities of all sizes and of superior quality. His machinery is all propelled by horse-power. RAY G. MORSE, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Rhode I.vland November 16, 1808, and is a son of Joseph and Renua (Greene) Morse. He (Joseph) was born in Vermont UNION TOWNSHIP. 213 and his wife in Rhode Island. In 1818, they with their family of nine children and Lydia Morse, the mother of Joseph, came to this county. The children who accompanied their parents •were named as follows: Renna. Aseneth, .Joseph, Ray G., Alfred, Permilla, William, Isaac and one whose name is unknown. Archibald, Caleb and Betsey remained in Rhode Island and after- ward came to this county. The journey to their Ohio home occupied forty-nine days. Mr. Morse bought a fai'm of 100 acres in Madison County, Ohio, which he lost, because of a defective title. He then located in Milford Center, where he followed smithing, carpentering and plow- making ; and when able he bought land where George Hawley now lives, whe; e he died. He was a member of the Christian Church and a highly respected citizen. For two years after coming to Ohio, our subject worked in a cotten factory, where he learned to spin At the age of sixteen, he began the smith's trade, at which he worked five years for board and clothes. He be- gan life with a capital of 75 cents and a suit of clothes worth about $3. He rented a set of tools and began work in Milford Center and prospered. Selling his property in the above-named place for $900, he bought 117 acres of land where he now lives in 1839, for which he paid $o per acre. Soon after, he bought sixty-three acres at $7.12^ per acre, an- other tract of 100 acres at $10 per acre, and still another 100 acres at $3-5 per acre. At the present time he owns 640 acres of land, 160 of which are in Illinois. In 1829, he was marriel ■to Sarah Parihemore, by whom he has had six children, viz.: William, .John, Clariet, Ray G., .Jr. , Joseph and George N., deceased. Joseph served three moutlH in the late war with Capt, Robb. John and Ray G., Jr., served in defense of Cincinnati with the -'Squirrel Hunter Brigade." JOHN G. NICOL, farmer, P. 0. Mirysville, a native of Germany, was born January .31, 1827. He is a son of George ana Hattie Nicol, who emigrated to the United States in 1834, and settled near Columbus, Ohio, wbence they removed to Darby Township, Uniou County, where they both died, the former in 1860, and the latter in 1875. They were members of the Lutheran Church and highly esteemed citizens. Our subject was reared on his father's farm and received his training in the common schools. March 23, 1854, he was married to Miss Ann M. Weid- man, a daughter of Lewis and Catherine Weidman, and a native of Germany. She was born December 4, 1834. Of nine children by this union seven are living, viz.: Anna C, wife of George Trapp ; Margaret A., Lizzie, Mary A., Katie, Lillie and Charlie C. John L., an estima- ble young man, died May 15, 1881, aged twenty years, and Willie died October 6, 1837. aged two years. Mr. Nicol has always pursued the avocation of farming, and with success. He owns a good farm of 127 acres, well improved, and adorned with a substantial brick residence erected in 1878, at a cost of $2,000. Mr. Nicol and family are associated as members of the Lutheran <]!hurch. He is a worthy and highly respected citizen. MATTHEW PATCH, farmer, P. O. Milford Center, was born in Jerome Township, this county, in 1847, and is a son of Herman Patch, an old settler living in the above township. Our subject was reared to farm pursuits, and had only the advantages of a common education. On October 21, 1866, he was married to Mary C. Linnville, by whom he has had two children, viz.: J. N. and N. B. He remained in his native township till September, 1879, when he located where he now lives, owning sixty and one-half acres of well-improved land. F. S. PEARL, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Connecticut July 28, 1817, and is a son of Philip Pearl, a native of the same State, and a son of Philip Pearl, Sr., who likewise was a native of Connecticut. In 1838, our subject came to Ohio and settled in Champaign County, where he bought land. In 1840, he was married to Mary Biggs. In 1873, he located where he now resides, and where he owns 240 acres of well-improved land. He has been Trustee of his townsiiip, and was elected Justice of the Peace but refused to qualify. To Mr. and Mrs. Pearl has been born one child, viz.: Hannah. Mr. Pearl is a liberal minded gentleman, and always takes great interest in public improvements. WILLIAm C. PIPER, deceased, was born in Pennsylvania, and was a son of Piper, who died when on his way to Ohio. He (William C.) was but a boy at the time, and so had a full experience in the early history of the country. He was married in 1835 to Miss H. F., the daughter of Rich.ard and Margaret (Robinson) Gabriel, and afterward settled where his family now reside. He held the office of Trustee for twenty-five years, was a member of the Presby- terian Church and a consisteut Christian gentleman. He was the father of six children, viz.: Leonidas, Isabelle, William L., Rose A., Maggie and Eli G. Leonidas and William were mem- bers of the Fortieth Ohio I'egiment. The latter served three years and returned to his home uninjured. The former was a member of the regimental band, and was discharged on account of sickness. Mr. Piper died May 2, 1876, at the age of sixty-eight years. Mrs. Piper was born in this township October 13, 1811, and has lived in the township all her life. DR. G. W. PLIMELL, Irwin, was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1839, and is a son of John and Winnie Plimell, natives of Virginia, who located in the above county in 1818. The Doctor's early life was passed upon the farm. In September, 1861, he volunteered in Company A, Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in a number of the hard-fought battles of the war, and was severely wounded at Lookout Mountain November 24, 1863, He was hon- orably discharged, a non-commissioned Sergeant, in October, 1864. In 1865, he began the study of medicine under his brother. Dr. J. T. Plimell, who was his preceptor for some time. In 1876, he entered the E. M. Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1877, and 214 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. soon after located in Irwin, where he has built up a good practice. The Doctor is a member of the Ancient Order of .Masons, holding membership in the Mechanicsburg Lodge. In 1867, he was married to Miss L. E. Lee, of Madison County, Ohio, by whom he has had two children, viz.: Clara G. and an infant, unnamed, deceased. WILLIAM PORTER, farmer, V. 0. .Milford Center, was born in Erie County, Penn., in January, 1803, and is a son of .John and Elizabeth Porter, natives of Pennsylvania, where the latter died. John Porter came to Ohio in 1817. and settled on Darby Creek, in this township. Six children came to Ohio with him, viz.: John, Jesse, Robert, Mary, Elizabeth and William, all of whom married and reared families, except Robert, and of them William alone survives. Mr. Porter had preceded his family to this county and married Susannah Piper, a widow lady, by whom he had four children — Maria, Lucinda J., Nancy and Minerva; Lucinda (Hopkins) being the only survivor. By his third wife, Hannah Dodds, he had two children — Susan, who lives in Keokuk County, Iowa, and Martha, deceased. Mr. Porter was only moderately success- ful in life ; he was an Associate Judge of the county, appointed by the Legislature, and was serving as such at the time of his death. He was an ex-soldier of the war of 1812, a strong anti-slavery man, and a zealous member of the United Presbytei-ian Church, in which he was a Deacon. He died in 1838 at the age of sixty-two years, universally loved and respected by all Vho knew him. Our subject was nearly fifteen years of age when his father came to Ohio. They made the whole journey in a wagon, and were three weeks on the road. In 1822, our sub- ject cut down the first trees for the first court house in Union County. In 1827, he purchased land where he now lives, and in the year following built a cabin, which is still standing. In December, 1828, he moved onto his purchase, cleared the land and improved the place, and has since remained there in general prosperity. From 1853 to 1856, he served as a Commissioner and as Trustee of this township. He is the oldest member living in this county of the Presby- terian Church, to which he has belonged fifty-seven years, and he has been a Deacon and Elder of the church here for thirty years. He takes an active interest in religious affairs, and has always contributed liberally of his means to the church. He was married January 20, 1825, to Hannah Snodgrass, by whom he had seven children, viz.: William L., Harvey W. and Salina E., living, and Sabia J., George C, Alvin and Elizabeth, deceased. Alvin enlisted in 1864 in Company F, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was sent to his command via Cairo to Tennessee, above Pittsburg Landing. He was in the battle of Atlanta, after which, his health failing, he was put on light duty for awhile, then sent to Chattanooga Hospital, and after being transferred several times was honorably discharged May 24, 1865. Returning home with his health completely broken down, he lingered four years and then died, while in Columbus as roadmaster, Mrs. Porter died October 3, 1876, aged eighty years one month and six days. She was a daughter of Robert and Jane Snodgrass, who came from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1800, with four children — Jane, James, Hannah and William. He soon afterward purchased land and became a permanent settler of the county, where he died in 1835 in his seventy-eighth year ; his wife died in 1833, aged seventy-two. Four children, Robert, Samuel, George and Thomas, were born to them after their settlement in this county. George alone surTiyes, and resides in Marysville. F. G. REYNOLDS, cashier Branch Bank, Milford Center, was born in Milford Center in 1846, and is a son of E. L. Reynolds, an old settler, whose biography appears in this work. The boyhood of our subject was passed in his native village, where his rudimentary education was obtained. He also attended school at Marysville, and at the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College of Indianapolis. After completing his education he went to Pittsburgh, where he found employment in keeping the books of a large establishment for about ten years. He then re- turned to Milford Center, where he has since been actively engaged in business. In February, 1881, he was appointed cashier of the Branch Bank. He was married, January 17, 1877, to Miss Mac, the daughter of Hiram Stokes, of this county, by whom he has had one child — Edna. WILLIAM RICHTER, grocer, Milford Center, was born in Germany, June 2, 1828, where his early life was passed, and where he spent three jears learning his trade, which he followed five years before his emigration. In 1852, he came to America, landing in New York on the 5th of July, and coming immediately to Cincinnati, where he worked at his trade three years. He afterward spent one year in Kentucky, one year in Cleveland, and two years in Greencastle, Indiana. He was married in Indianapolis, in 1858, to Elizabeth Weigand, and returned to Greencastle. He then carried on a bakery at Circleville, Ohio, eighteen months, at Chillicothe six months, and worked at his trade in Columbus five weeks. In 1861, he came to Marysville, and after laboring eighteen months, carried on a bakery and grocery twelve years with success. He afterward spent one year in Urbana and two years in Columbus, coming to Milford Center June 14, 187T, where he has since carried on a bakery, grocery and boarding-house. In 1873, he engaged in brewing at Marysville, but was not successful, losing in the enterprise f 14,000. He has had nine children, eight living, viz. : John, Lizzie, Maggie, Frank, Caroline, Lillie, Theresa and Frederick. Theresa, the fourth child was accidentally shot in Urbana, and died at the age of seven years. AV. M. SNODGRASS, merchant and Postmaster, Milford Center, was born in this township in the year 1843, and is a son of Robert and Nellie (Robinson) Snodgrass, pioneers in this UNION TOWNSHIP. 215 county. The early life of our subject was passed in Milford Center, and in the school of the place he obtained a practical education. Upon attaining his majority, he engaged iu the mer- cantile business, and has been entirely successful. jNIr. Snodgrass is a quiet gentleman, with no taste for notoriety or public prominence, much preferring to look after his own business in- terests to the thankless task of assisting in public affairs. He is a Free and Accepted Mason, belonging to Palestine Lodge, No. 158. In 1878, he was married to Miss Mary, the accom- plished daughter of D. L. .Joseph, who has borne him one child, viz., Pearl. Mr. Snodgrass carries a general and well assorted stock of merchandise, consisting of everything usually found in a first-class retail house. He was appointed Postmaster in 1873. HIRAM STOKES, retired, Milford Center, was born in this township in 1813, and is a son of .John and Rhoda (Carey) Stokes ; the former was born near Winchester, Va., and about the year 1804 came to this township, in which he purchased 110 acres of land. He married the daughter of Calvin Carey, a native of New Jersrey, who settled here in 1802. John Stokes lived on the land he bought till his death, which occurred in 1817. Part of the business done by the first court ever held in Union County was to make Mrs. Stokes guardian of her own children. Mr. Stokes was one of the first Justices of the Peace. Four children were born to them, of whom two are living, viz. : Hiram, and Maria Woods, ?iee Stokes. John and Hoopey are deceased. Mrs. Stokes died in 1863, aged seventy-four years. The early life of our subject was passed on a farm, and after attaining his majority he began to deal in stock, and drove large herds to the Eastern markets, and extended his trade West to the prairies of Illinois. He has been engaged in the mercantile business at Milford Center, and was once burned out. On December 10, 1842, he was married to Clara, the daughter of Amasa Chapman, of New Hamp- shire, who settled here in 1832. Five children have been born to them, four of whom are living, viz. : Mary, John C, Clara and Bertha ; John, the eldest, being deceased. Mrs. Stokes died July 3(», 1874. Mr. Stokes is a well-informed gentleman, and through life has borne the reputation of being a pushing, enterprising man, honorable and straightforward in every business trans- action. / WILLIAM THOMPSON, deceased, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1834, and was a son of Joseph and Eliza Thompson, natives of the above county. His early life was passed in his native county where his education was obtained in the common schools. He learned the trade of a tinner at Columbus, and in 1856 or 1857 came to Milford Center and engaged in the hardware business, which he followed until his decease, May 9, 1870. He was married in 1858 to Miss Mary J. Fuller, of this county, by whom he had one child — McDonald. He was a mem- ber of Marysville Lodge, F. & A. M., a successful man in business, and a highly esteemed citi- zen, whose death was deeply deplored by his friends and by the cemmunity at large. J. G. TURNER, Justice of the Peace and harness-maker, Milford Center, was born in Marysville, Ohio, in 1838, and is a son of ex-Probate Judge James Turner, deceased, and An- gella (Steere) Turner. The boyhood days of our subject were passed in his native village, and in its schools he received a practical education. At the age of eighteen years he began learning harness-making, and served a three years' apprenticeship. In April, 1861, he enlisted in Com- pany F, Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Hawkins, afterward Colonel of the regiment. He enlisted in the three months' service, but at the expiration of the term he en- listed with the rest of his regiment for three years. He participated in the engagements at Carnifex Ferry, Pittsburg Landing, Resaca, Chickamauga, Stone Pviver and New Hope Church, the latter being fought after his term expired, and was discharged as an Orderly Sergeant in 1864. After his return he took up his trade, wording at it in this county, and four years at Carrollton, 111., and in 1876 located at Milford Center. In 1877, he was elected Justice of the Peace and Mayor of the village, filling the latter office two years and the former almost con- stantly to the present. He was also elected Township Clerk in 1877, and has served consecu- tively ever since. He is a member of Darby Lodge, No. 636, I. 0. 0. F. He was married in 1878 to Miss Mollie L. Alexander, of Marysville, by whom he has had one child — Nancy Angella. He is a stanch Republican in politics. WILLIAM R. WEBB, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Windham County, Conn., July 29, 1818, and is a son of James and Dolly (Ripley) Webb, natives of Connecticut, who set- tled in Champaign County, Ohio, in 1^21, and in 1822 Mrs. Webb died. In 1826, our subject returned to his native State to obtain an education, and in 1835 returned to Ohio and settled in Clark County. In 1851, he settled in Allen Township, this county, and in 1872 came to his present place of residence. While living in Allen Township he held the office of Assessor eight years, Commissioner of the county six years, and Justice of the Peace three years, and in this township he has been Assessor one year. He owns 147 acres of excellent land. In 1841, he was married to Harriet M. Clark, by whom he has had seven children, five of whom are living, viz.: Dwight, Laura M., Helen A., Arthur R. and Harriet A. James E. (deceased), was a mem- ber of Company B, Thirty-seoond Ohio Volunteer Infantry, enlisted in 1863, and was killed at Harper's Ferry three weeks after leaving home, aged eighteen years. WILLIAM WINGET, deceased, was born in Pennsylvania in 1797, and was a son of Stephen Winget, who settled in Madison County, Ohio, in 1802. Our subject was reared in Madison County, where he passed his early life. After his first marriage — to Tabitha Gill, an old settler 216 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. — he removed to Champaign County, where he lived for about ten years, and then bought hind where his fiimily now lives, which was then all in woods, and which he cleared up. He pros- pered in life, and at his death owned nearly 200 acres of land. One child by his tirst marriage died in childhood. His tirst wife, whom he married in .1820, was born in 1801, and died October 29, 1856. On July 9, 1857, he married Sarah J., daughter of .James Reed, of whom mention is made in this work, and by her had three children — William, de- ceased July 1, 1861, aged nearly three years; Anna W. Baldwin nee Winget, and Phehe. He also adopted four children, viz.: Luther Winget, William Winget (deceased), Catherine and illizabeth. Mr. Winget served as Trustee of his township, and as a member of the School Board. He was a man of a religious turn of mind and contributed freely to the church and ministry. He died April 5, 1874. Mrs. Winget was born in this township November 24, 1825. James Reed, her father, was born in Pennsylvania in 1794, and died January 29, 1870. He married Anna P Robinson, of an old and much respected family of the county, who was born April 23, 1804, and died August 15, 1850. They had fourteen children, viz.: .James R., Samuel L., John M., Sarah J., Elizabeth, Lucinda A., William M., Mary W., Malinda, Emiline, Cyrus, Fluphemia, and two that died in infancy. Of these, eleven were raised, and six now reside in this county. LUTHER WINGET, ftxrmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was boru in Maryland in 182 3, and is a son of William and Mary (Tumbleson) Winget, natives of the same State, who settled in Madison County, Ohio, in 1833. At an early age our subject went to live with William Winget, a rela- tive and a resident of this township, with whom he remained until 1848, at which time he was married to Martha J., the daughter of Elisha Reynolds, after which he settled where he now resides, owning in the aggregate 700 acres of land. He has made life a great success, anil is fully entitled to the confidence and respect reposed in him by the people. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and has always given liberally to the poor. William Valentine, an adopted son of Mr. Winget's, was born in Hardin County, Ohio, in 1842. On February 10, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Eighty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and for meritorious services and bravery on the field of battle, he rapidly rose from the ranks. He became Second Lieutenant of Company E, .lune 1, 1803, and was severely wounded at Gettysburg, Penn., July 1, 1803; was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company I, December 20, 1863, and afterward promoted to the Captaincy of Company K. He was mortally wounded at Bentonville, N. C, and died in Fayetteville, N. C, March 27, 1865. His remains were interred in Kenton County, Ohio. ELIJAH WITTER, Jr., farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Ontario County, N. Y., in 1807. His father, Elijah, was a son of Elijah, who was a son of Joseph Wittt-r. Joseph was a son of Ebenezer, who was a son of Josiah, whose father, William Witter, came to America with his daughter and the widow and two children of his son William, who died on the passage over, in 1640, and settled at Lynn, Mass. He lived to a ripe age. At one time the Revs. Obediah Holmes, John Clark and Crandall met at his house to hold religious services, and on proceeding contrary to the Puritan doctrine they were arre teil by the town constable. Crandall was fined 5 <£, Clark 20 £, Holmes 30 £., the latter not being able to pay the fine, receiving thirty lashes. The fiimily was numerous and largely scattered over the New England States, in which they made their homes for many years. The father of our subject settled in Ontario County, N. Y., where he died. His grandparents lived on the Susquehanna River in Penn- sylvania, and were driven from their homes three times by the Indians, and house bu'ned, but escaped each time without injury. Our subject was reared in the wilds of his nativecounty, and in 1829, when a single man, he came to this county, where in 1830, he married Amy Ann Ballou, a daughter of Martin and Betsey (Lyon) Ballou, who settled where Mr. Witter now resides, about 1820. Aftfr marriage, he located on land where the infirmary now stands, which he sold two years afterward and moved to Madison tlounty, where he farmed eighteen years. He then returned to this county and settled on the place where he now resides. He came from his New York home, with a rifle in his hand and a pack on his back, walking from Cleveland ; and now he owns 500 acres of land in this county, and 600 in Madison County, all made by his personal eft'oris. His wife inherited 187 acres of land. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Baptist Church, to which he has belonged since nineteen years of age. He has hid ten children born to him, viz.: J..ucy A., Elijah M., Betsey, Rev. Henry H., a Baptist minister, L»r. Alfred A., Albert B., Ezra E., William, deceasfd, aged three years, Marvin, deceased, aged seven years, and ^Liria, deceased, aged twenty-one years. One child resides in Jamestown, Ohio, one in Madison County, and the rest in Union County. Martin Ballou and wife came to Ohio in 1817, and settled in Columbus, where they remained three years. He was a native of Rhode Island, and she of Boston. In 1820, he settled where ]\Ir. Witter now resides, clearing the land and residing on it through life. For sLxteen years he was engaged in driving cattle over the mountains for the Eastern markets. He at one time owned about 1,000 acres of land. They had eight children, four of whom grew up, but only Mrs. Witter now survives. The others were Lucy, David, Henry, John, Alfred Horace, Clarissa. Mr. Ballou died in 1870, aged eighty-nine years ; his wife in 1851, aged seventy-two. A. A. WITTER, farmer and proprietor saw mill, P. 0. Milford Centre, is a son of Elijah Witter, whose sketch appears elsewhere, and was born in Madison County in 1845. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 217 His early life, after he was seven years of age, was spent in this township, where he attended the district schools, receiving the rudiments of an education that was completed at Nelson's Comraeroial College at Cincinnati. On August 9, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-second Regr'nient Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and after a month's drill was sent to the front where he saw service until disabled in West Virginia, while assisting in building block-houses, after which he was honorably discharged. Returning home, he took a regular course of study in and grad- uated from the Cincinnati Eclectic School of Medicine and Surgery. He spent two years prac- ticing his profession in East St. Louis, and one year in Southeast Missouri, after which he returned to Ohio and remained several years. He then went to Texas, and spent one year in Austin and two years in Rockdale, after which he was obliged to abandon the practice on account of liis health, and has since been farming. In 1867, he married Almira J. Sanderson, of Illinois, by whom he has had three children — Elijah, Anna and May. He' is a member of Milford Lodge, No. 6s6, I. O. 0. F. He l)egan operating a saw-mill in 1881, running it by steam. ALBERT B. WITTER, farmer, P. O. Milfjrd Center, is a son of Elijah AVitter ; was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1840. He was married in 1867 to Susan, the daughter of Solomon Bland, by whom he has had four children, viz. : Effie M., Jesse V., Don D. and Lou. Mr. W. own.s 140 acres of fine land, an I lias recently built one of the finest country residences in the town- ship, at a cost of $4,000. Mrs. Witter is an acceptable member of the Baptist Church. SAMUEL WOODS, deceased, was born on the place where his widow now hves, August 26, 1810, and was a son of Samuel and Margaret (Power) Woods, the former born in Westmoreland County, Penn., January 2o, 1779, and tlie latter January 15, 1789. In 1807, they settled in this township. He was the first Presbyterian preacher in this township, and died in 1815 Five children were born to him, one living, viz , James F. The deceased were John P., Eliza Samuel and the laie Judge William Woods, Samuel, Jr., was twice married, first to Lydia A. Hathaway, 7iee Burnham, November 2, 1848, who bore him two children, viz.: Leon and Clara A. Mrs. Woods died July 2, 1855. His second marriage was celebrated March 15, 1859, with Maria E. St'^kes Mr. Woods was a successful farmer and a much respected citizen, and de- parted this life March 3, 1880. He owned nearly 300 acres of excellent land. A. A. WOODWORTH, farmer, P. 0. Irwin; was born in Connecticut September 9. 1804, and is a son of Jasper and Betsey (Pieed) Woodworth, natives of New England, where he (Jasper) died in 1811. Mrs. Woodworth was again married to Erastus Burnham, and in 1817 they came to Ohio, and located on the line between Union and Champaign Counties, where they bought 200 acres of land. To Jasper Woodworth and wife were born three children, viz.: Charles, Sarah and A. A. By her second Imsband, she had four children, viz.: Mary, Tater R, and Olive, twins, and Philo. Mrs. Burnham died in 1856. Mr. B. died in 1826. Both be- longed to the Christian Church. In 1832, our subject was married to Hilah, the daughter of Elijah Reynolds, after which he bought 200 acres of land, where he no v resides, at $5 per acre ; he now owns 500 acres of land. Sixteen children have been born to them, eleven of whom are living: Lucina A., deceased; Imogene, Orentha, Elisha R., deceased; Mary E., J. C, Sarah E., Hilah A., deceased ; Asahel A., Lewis C, deceased ; Fremont, William, Charles, Bennett, Alonzo and Reuben. J. C. was a memlier of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio V^olunteer In- ftintry; enlisted in 1862, and was discharged in 1865. Elijah and Mary (Witter) Reynolds, the parents of Mrs. Woodworth, settled in this township in 1815, on 700 acres of land he pur- chased. He was born in Maryland, and she in New York. He died in 1842; t-he in 1838. Nine children were born to them, viz: Sarah, deceased; Elizibeth, Mary, deceased; Immer, Ira, Delilah, Miles, deceased; Hilah and Lewis. By his second wife, Sophia Burnham, he had one child, viz.: Martha J. He (Mr. Reynolds) was a soldier in the war of 1812. CHAPTER III DAKBY TOWNSHIP, Darby Township was formed as a part of Franklin County May 10, 1803, at a mfteting of the Associate Judges of that county, held at Franklinton. The boundaries as originally established were as follows: "Beginning on the west bank of the Scioto River, one mile in a direct line above the mouth of Roaring Run; from thence on a direct line to the junction of Treacle's Creek with Darby Creek, which is frequently called the Forks of Darby; thence south into the line between the counties of Ross and Franklin; thence west with said line until it intersects the county line of Greene; thence with the last- men- tioned line north, and from the point of beginning up the Scioto to the north- 218 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ern boundary of Fi'anklin County." The point of beginning was nenr what is now Dublin, Franklin County, and the stream then called Roaring Run is now Hay den's Run. Treacle's Creek enters Darby in what is now Union Town- ship, Union County. The name of Darby Township was derived from the stream which courses through its territory as now defined. Darby is conse- quently the oldest township in what is now Union. It was one of the three townships which formed Union County the first year of its existence, and by the successive erection of new townships inroads were made upon its once ex- panded limits until reduced to its present size. After its organization as a part of Union County, in 1820, the first election was held October 10 of that year, for State and county officers. Frederick Sager, Samuel Robinson and James Boal were the Judges; Clark Provin and Aaron Fossey, Clerks. Forty- nine votes were cast. James Ewing received 47 for Sheriff; James Kennedy 42 for Coroner; Robert Nelson 44 for Commissioner; Ethan Bi'own 44 for Governor; Nicholas Hathaway 45 for Representative; Joseph Foos 40 for Senator, and Joseph Vance 31 for Congressman. Darby is the central one of the three southern townships of Union County. On the east is Jerome and a corner of Mill Creek, and on the west Union; Paris on the north; Madison County bounds it on the south. Its outlines, which are made to conform to survey lines, are very irregular. The surface may be described as slightly undulating. Big Darby Creek enters from the west and flows south- easterly, leaving the township near its southeast corner. Buck Run, a stream of some size, flows south along the northwestern line of the township till it reaches Big Darby. Robinson's Run is north of and nearly parallel with Big Darby. It enters that stream in Jerome Township. Little Darby Creek forms the boundary line for a short distance in the southwestern corner. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad crosses the township in a north- westerly and southeasterly course. South of Big Darby, most of the land in this township is a part of what was known as Darby Plains. The plains extended faj- down into Madison County, and were so named from the scanty forest growths that were found here. Small patches of timber of vnrious sizes, consisting principally of burr oak and young hickory, covered perhaps one-half the surface. Thick- ets of wild plum trees, which produced a luscioxis variety of fruit, were clus- tered in places, with hazel bushes, jack oak and various other species of un- dergrowth. The prairie or open land was believed by the early settlers to be worthless for agricultural purposes and was the last to be entered and occu- pied. It was also low and wet, and the malaria engendered caused it to be shunned. The soil, however, was black and rich. Corn and hay were the only crops raised until thorough systematic drainage was introduced. Since then wheat has been produced in goodly quantities. This land was valued at from 50 cents to $2 an acre, while wild land north of the creek commanded $3. It was thought by the first settlers that this land could be used by them for pasture for a life time, as they supposed farmers must shun it as they had heretofore done. It now comprises the best land in the township. The northern part of the township was densely wooded with sugar, white ash, elm, walnut, white oak, hickory, and a })rof use growth of undei-brush, iron and dog wood, sassafras, hazel, etc. The soil here is a limestone clay. The surface is usually level, but slightly broken along the streams. INDIANS. At the time the earliest settlers took possession of their farms in this re- gion, Indians were numerous. They lived farther north and only descended to Big Darby to engage in hunting and fishing. They encamped here and ^,^^ •f^ f,"^^ ...j'^mw.-j %*};' //■^. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 221 often remained for several months at a time. The site of North Liberty was one of their favorite tenting grounds. When the vrar of 181 2 opened, apprehensions of trouble with these Indians were entertained, but they remained friendly and no hostilities or difficulties arose to mar their peaceful relations. Some of the rougher class of settlers were on intimate terms with the Indians and would go to their camps and join in the convivial feasts that were held there. The children of the earliest pioneer were for a time in mortal dread of them, and it required a long time before they could become accustomed to their presence. James Robinson had one of the earliest orchards in the vicinity, and after the trees approached the age of bearing, he was greatly annoyed by the birds that had a strong liking for his choice fruit and manifested the design of in- dulging their appetite before it was ripe enough to pluck. Some Indian lads, bekmging to several families encamped near by, were very expert in shoot- ing birds with their small bows and arrows, and Mr. Robinson agreed with them, by mean of signs, that for each bird they would shoot in the orchard he would give an apple. It happened that the following day was Sunday, and as Mr. Robinson, who was a devout and God-fearing Presbyterian, was en- gaged in the usual morning prayers, the Indian lads rushed in with a bird they had killed. The conscientious pioneer could not tolerate the idea of profaning the Sabbath by this unhallowed sport and by shaking his head and gestiluating, intimated to them that they must not engage in it that day. They departed highly incensed, thinking he had withdrawn from his agree- ment, and after the old folks bad gone to church that day the Indian youths amused themselves by pointing their weapons at the children left at home, who fled to the house for protection and remained within with bolted doors till their parents' return. When the troubles of 1812 had commenced, it was several times rumored that the Indians had taken up arms and were preparing to make a raid up- on the settlement. Many families, panic-stricken, deserted their homes and fled farther south. At one time, a party of the settlers, including Moses Mitch- ell, then a lad of sixteen years, fearlessly marched to the Indian villages far to the north to ascertain if they had concluded to put on the war paint and make the rumored attack. They found the Indians sitting in council, biit with no hostile intent. The band of whites remained with them all night, then returned to their friends and quieted their fears. Game of various kinds abounded in the forests for many years after the work of clearing and tilling farms began, A favorite mode of hunting deer was the following: In the low country along Big Darby, mosquitoes were as great a pest to beast as to man, and in warm weather, to escape them, the deer descended into the water after nightfall, and remained there for hours at a time with only the nose above the water. The hunter approached in a canoe, a torch or candle fastened to his hat and by bark so placed as to light up the surrounding gloom but conceal himself and his canoe from sight. He thus approached within a few feet of the deer, dazed by the ligilit, and easily killed it. EARLY SETTLERS. From its somewhat diversified topography, the settlements of the township may be divided into certain tolerably well-defined limits and periods. The earliest pioneers here, as elsewhere in other parts of this and surrounding counties, were chiefly immigrants from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. They settled in the valley of Big Darby, as this was deemed the most valuable land. These settlements began in 1798, and continued till about 1812. The plains to the south, extending far into Madison, were peopled chiefly by New Englanders, most of whorn hailed from Vermont. They began to arrive about 222 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1810, and the following decade was the strongest period of their emigration. The rolling land in the northern portion of the township was occupied very largely by a class of squatters and hunters who depended chiefly upon the gun for support. The land here was not very productive, and land purchasers were not strongly attracted to it. Shortly before 18-40, a German element gained a foothold, and by successive arrivals almost the entire northern por- tion of the township is now owned and occupied by citizens of this nationality. The first settlement in Darby Township was of brief duration. It was made by James and Joshua Ewing in 1798, on the site of the village of North Liberty, which had been recently laid out in the southeastern part of the town- ship. Joshua Ewing purchased a Ipt and built a cabin, and it is probable that James, his brother, lived here with him for a short time. As no effort was made by the proprietor of the village, Tjucas Sullivant, to improve the to wn, the Ewings soon abandoned their home here and settled in Jerome Township. The next settlement in Darby, after the transient stay of the Ewings, was made by the Mitchells in 1799. This little colony consisted of an aged farm- er, Samuel Mitchell, his wife, Margaret, four children — two sons and two daughters — and their families. A third daughter came also, but died unmar- ried. The four younger families were those of Samuel Mitchell, Jr., who, liowever, came several years later than the others. David Mitchell, Samuel McCullough and Samuel Kirkpatrick. They purchased the Lucas Sullivant survey, of 1,000 acres, No. 2,879, north of and bordering on Big Darby, in the western part of the township Mr. McCullough occupied the northwest- ern part of the survey, now the farm of Lewis Strange: Samuel Kirkpatrick owned and lived on the adjacent tract on the southeast, now the property of Sextus Kendall and J. S. Kliber: Samuel Mitchell, Jr., possessed the next farm, recently owned by Rebecca McDowell and Philip Rausch; David Mitchell's place was still southeast of this, and has for many years been the homestead of John C. Mitchell. Samuel Mitchell was too far advanced in life, when he came, to engage very actively in labor. He built and occupied a little cabin, located between the farms of his two sons, where he lived until the decease of his wife. He then made his home for the remainder of his life with the Kirk- patricks. These pioneers all came from Pennsylvania. They had first deter- mined on settling in Kentucky, and the young men made a trip to that terri- tory to make a suitable location. They were dissatisfied with the land there and happily fell in with Lucas Sullivant, who gave them a glowing descrip- tion of Central Ohio, and offered them a choice of location on Darby Creek or the Scioto. They visited this region in the summer of 1799, selected Survey 2,879, made a little clearing and planted corn. They then returned home, and in the fall of the same year brouj^ht their families by a long and tedious journey to their new home. Their worldly effects were placed in thi'ee large wagons, and from Deer to Darby Creek they were obliged to cut a roadway through the thick, tanaled forest. David Mitchell was not only one of the first but one of the most promi- nent citizens of Darby during its formative period. He was a life-long mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church, served his township for many years as Justice of the Peace, and under the old State Constitution was one of the Associate Judges of Union County. He was intelligent and well educated, and was uni- ver.sally known as Judge Mitchell. He was thrice married. His first partner was Martha Black, and by this marriage he had ten children, who, in the or- der of their ages, were, Moses, Samuel, George, David, Margaret, Martha, Jesse, Elizabeth, Dixon and Aaron. Martha became the wife of Robert Nel- son; Margaret of James Boal; and Elizabeth married John Robinson. The seventh child, Jesse, was the first white child born in what is now Union dai;by TOWNSiui'. 223 County. The date of bis birth was November 4, 1790. A brief sketch of him may be found in the history of Jerome Township, where he settled upon at- tainino- maturity. The second wife of Judge Mitchell was Kebecca Nelson, who died soon after her marriage. By the third marriage, to Hannah Cald- well, there were two children— John C, now residing on the home place, and Alexander K., who died in California. Samuel Mitchell, Jr., had married Elizabeth Roninson in York County, Penn. . and removed to Darby with his family a few years after his relatives settled here. After his emigration, he continued his' residence upon the place until his death, which occurred about 1820. He buiit the first wool carding machine within the bounds of Union County, and operated it in connection with farming. He was an earnest Cov- enanter in his religious belief. His children were Sarah, who married Robert Maze; Margaret, who was the wife of John Crawford; Samuel, who removed to Iowa; James, an old bachelor, and David, both of Washington, Iowa; Jane, Betsy and Eleanor, married and residing in Iowa. Samuel Kirkpatrick was a stanch Presbyterian and an active, industrious farmer; he remained on his farm in Darby until his death, which occurred about 1824. His wife, Jane Mitchell, survived him several years. They had two daughters, Peggy and Betsy. The latter married John S. Irwin. Samuel McCullough did not long survive his settlement in this new and wild countiy. He died in the spring of the year 1800, and his was the first death of a white person in the territory now comprising Union County. Scarcely more than a half-dozen families then lived here. Mr. McCullough was, at the time of his decease, a young man, who had been married only two or three years. His two children were Alexander, who died recently in Paul- ding County, and Samuel, a posthumous child, who died a wealthy and I'e- spected citizen of Jerome Township. Mrs. Elizabeth (Mitchell) McCullough, the widow of Samuel McCullough, Sr., afterward married John Taylor, one of the earliest settlers of Madison County. The Robinson family, now widely connected in Darby and other town- ships, was one of the earliest to acquire and possess a heritage in this new, rich land. A temporary settlement was effected in the year 1800, though it was live years later before the Robinsons became permanently identined with this locality. Samuel and James Robinson, the sons of James Robinson, were born and raised on their father's farm of several hundred acres, in York Coun- ty, Penn., a few miles distant from the Susquehanna. James had acquired the cooper trade, and Samuel was equally proficient as a carpenter. They possessed the pioneer element strongly, in their natures, and when young men came West to seek their fortunes. They reached Tennessee, and there met Lucas Sullivant, a surveyor, who wished them to join his surveying party. With a view to selecting a good location for their future homes, they entered his em- ploy — James as a chain carrier and Samuel as marker — and came to Ohio. The party consisted of five men, the sole business of one of them being to pro- vide the company with game. For six weeks they were busily at work, and during the time they saw no white men. The Robinson boys selected the Samuel Robinson survey of 600 acres. No, 2,977, located in the southeastern part of Darby, and early ir the spring of 1800, cleared a small piece of land and planted it in corn. During their stay, they boarded with Joshua Ewing. They remained until fall, then returned to their home in York County, Penn. Both were unmarried, but James was betrothed to Jane Morrison, the daugh- ter of a York County farmer, and soon after his return married her. In the spring of 1805, James and his family, Samuel and another brother, ^Thomas, again bade adieu to Pennsylvania and started on their pioneer jour- ney to Darby Township. Samuel and James had divided between them the 224 HISTORY OF union county. survey they had purchased, James taking the northwestern half. He sold this to two brothers, Thomas and John, and purchased from Lucas Sullivant 330 acres adjoining it on the northwest, the fractions of Surveys 3,482, 3,082 and 3,881. Upon his arrival, Jame.s built a cabin on this new land, where the residence of William H. Wolford now is, and lived here till his death in Sep- tember, 1828, at the age of forty-nine years. He had been a man of unusual activity and energ., and was an earnest member of the Presbyterian Church. A family of eight children survived him. They were Anna, the wife of James Reed; Sarah, wife of Stephenson Curry; William M., of Marysville; Eleanor, wife of Robert Snodgrass; James, of Jerome Township; Jane, wife of Thomas Reed; Samuel, residence on the homestead; and Nancy, wife of Perry Buck. Samuel Robinson, in 1805, did not conclude the journey with his brothers, James and Thomas, the entire distance to their property. When they reached Franklinton, Franklin Coiinty, Ohio, this little village was growing vigor- ously, and the demand for carpenters induced him to remain and work at his trade. He purchased a lot and built for himself a large frame house, which he valued at $1,001). Columbus, however, just across the,^ Scioto River, was soon after laid out and began to grow with svich rapidity that property in Franklinton depi-eciated greatly in value. Mr. Robinson disposed of his prop- erty finally for a thi'ee-year-old colt and cow, their value being about $60. While here, he married Martha Hunter, the daughter of Joseph Hunter, who then lived on the site of North Columbus. About 1809, he removed his family to his forest farm in Darby, and until his death, in 1849, at the age of seventy-seven years, was one of the foremost men of the township. He was for many years Justice of the Peace. He was a member of the Seceder or United Presbyterian Church, and in p">litic3 was in earlier life a Whig, but afterward an Abolitionist. His farm of 300 acres of excellent land, favorably located on the north bank of Big Darby, is still held in the Robinson name. His children are as follows: Margaret, wife of Samuel McCullough; Sarah, wife of jWilliam Snodgrass; Joseph H., of Hardin County; James, deceased; Samuel D. and William H., of Darby; Martha, wife of William Beard; John, and Alexander, deceased. Thomas Robinson was born in 1776. His farm consisted of the south- west part of the upper half of Survey 2,977, now owned by John Funk. He dwelt in th^ old cabin on the place, which wa^ erected in 1800 by James and Samuel, until he could build a large, hewed-log house. He came unmai'ried, font soon after returned to Pennsylvania and married Sarah Modderwell, who lived in Lancaster County, across the Susquehanna from his old home. He at once brouglit his young wife to his own home, and remained a resident of Darby Township until his decease, aged about seventy-seven years. He had always been a farmer by occupation. In politics, he was at first a Whig, then an Abolitionist, and his religious preferences made him a member of the United Presbyterian Church. His children were Sarah J., wife of George Pollock; James D., of Jeroma Township; Thomas, of Columbus; John M. , of Jerome; Alexander, deceased. John jRobinson, the brother of the preceding, took possession of his land in Survey 2,977. in 1810. He had received a collegiate education at Cannons- burg, Penn., with the intention of entering the ministry of the United Presby- terian Church, but for some reason he abandoned this calling and adopted farm- ing as his life pursuit. His first wife, Elizabeth Fink, died a few years after his emigration to Darby, and he re-united in marriage with Jane Mitchell. Their children were Charles M., of Marysvillo; Eliza J., of Marysville, widow of William Taylor; Sarah Jane, of Marysville, wife of James Woodburn; and John, of Darby Township. Like his brothers, Mr. Robinson was an ardent Whig and Abolitionist. He attained the age of about seventy- eight years. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 225 Another brother, Alexander Robinson, removed to Darby Township in 1818. He, too, had received a liberal education. His farm of 100 acres was in survey 3,687, now owned by G. Hegenderfer and P. S. Blummenschein. Besides attending to agricultural duties, Alexander devoted considerable time to surveying and school teaching. He was the first Treasurer of Union County. His wife was Nancy Caldwell. Mr. Robinson died childless, several years ago at the age of ninety- two years. Still another brother, George Robinson, came in 18532, too late to be ranked among the pioneers. The exact date of the settlement of the Sagers is not known. It was about 1805. This family was not only one of the earliest, but probably the largest in the vicinity. It consisted of George Sager. Sr., and his children — George, Christian, Frederick, Jacob, Henry, Ssmuel, Abraham and Barbara. The chfl- dren were grown, and some of the sons were married when they came. Within a few years after they arrived, the cabins of the various members of the Sager family dotted the valley of Big Darby from Union to Jerome Township. They were Geimans and emigrated from Loudoim County, Va. The farm upon which they fir.st settled was in Survey 3,272, on the south bank of Darby, about a half mile below Unicnville, where Michael Sager now resides. Until thev had erected their cabin, the family took up their abode in the cabin of James Robinson, across the creek. In early days, they were all Jackson Democrats. Few members of this once extensive family now remain in Union County. Michael, the sen of Samuel. now occupies the old homestead, and J. F. Sager, of Marysville, the County Surveyor, is the grandson of Christian Sager. George Sager, Jr., settled in the western part of the township on the farm now owned by his daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Reed. He had four childi'en and died upon this farm, where he had engaged in farming and gunsmif.hing. Christian settled on Ihe site of Unionville. He had married Elizabeth Shover, raised a large family of children and died a farmer of Darby Town- ship, in January, 1866, aged ninety-six and one half years. He had been a cliurch member for sixty-eight years. Most of his children removed West, and his descendants are now widely scattered. He possessed a strong constitution and temperate habits, and by industry and close economy accumulated consid- erable property. Samuel Sager settled on the faim now owned by Michael, his son east of Unionville. and died here after a long and faithful career as a farmer. He was honest and possessed good judgment, and though he had enjoyed few edu- cational advantages, he was careful that his children received as thorough education as the times aiibrded. He had married Elizabeth Sanbower, and his six children were Susanna, who died yoxing; Joseph, who died in Darby; Ann, wife of James M. Andrews, of this township; Michael; Sarah, who mar- ried Gregory Hawley, of Paris Township; and Lydia, who died young. Jacob settled in the southeast corner of the township, where he farmed and operated a still house. Later in life, he removed with his large family to Carroll County, Ind. Abraham, Frederick and Henry settled in Jerome Township. Barbara, their only sister, was several times married. The "Post road" crosses the township, east and west, near its southern line. This road was so called frcm the fact that over it were transported the military stores to Ft. Defiance on the Maumce from Franklinton, which was then a small military post. The plains on either side of this road were occu- pied mainly by Yankees. Dudley Bridges, from Vermont, came about 1815, and occupied for a few years the land George Stevens now owns. He did not acquire the title to it, and about 18S0 he removed with his family to Illinois. 226 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Elihu Knapp was one of the first settlers on the plains. He came from Vermont and purchased a farm in Survey 10,793. about a mile south of Union- yille, sometime prior to 1810. He was a shoe-maker and followed that occupa- tion besides farming. Afterward he removed to Madison County. Ahira Petty, probably in 1814,emigrated from Vermont and settled on the farm in the southern part of Darby which is now occupied by G. W. Stevens. He subsequently moved West, and when last heard of was living in Indiana. Clark Provin was a Yankee who was very migratory and often changed his place of abode. He lived for a time on the farm now owned by George Stev- ens; was once elected Justice of the Peace in Jerome Township, and at Plain City was an inn keeper for many years. He taught school a considerable por- tion of his time, and had a sufficient knowledge of law. it is said, to get people into trouble without being able to extricate them. He ultimately removed to Illinois. In Survey 1,716, near the southwest corner of the township, where John W. Smith now resides, Charles McCloud, a Yankee, settled ia 1814. He was born in New Hampshire September 2, 1769, married Sallie Taylor, of Massa- chusetts in 1797, and in 1810 emigrated with his family from Montpelier, Vt., to Franklin County, Ohio, four years later coming to Darby. His chil- dren by his first wife were Betsy, Curtis, Harriet (Newton), Miriam (Bigelow), Sally (Mason), Charles, Lucy, Pollv and Thankful (Converse). The last was born in Darby in the fall of 1814. *^Mrs. McCloud died in 1817. and Charles united in marriage with Anna Benjamin, by whom he had two children — Rodney and Anna (Marine). His second wife also preceded him to the grave, and Mr. McCloud selected as his third companion in matrimony Polly Andi-ews. Of their two children, Almira died young; Rosella married Mr. Chapin. Mr. Mc- Cloud was an untiring farmer. He possessed strong religious convictions, and was an exhorter in the Methodist Church during his stay in Darby. In 1831, he removed to Michigan, but returned to Madison County, Ohio, in 1843, and died the following spring. Samuel Tyler, a Pennsylvauian of German descent, purchased the small survey of fifty-five acres. No. 12,075, about a mile southwest from Unionville, and settled there at an early day. He afterward removed to Pike Township, Madison County, where he died at a good old age. Orson Smith, fi'om Vermont, owned and occupied in early times the large farm in the southwestern part of the township, where his son, John W., now lives. Mr. Smith still survives at this writing, and resides in Union Town- ship. Benjamin Tinkham was born in Connecticut June 23, 1795, and came to Ohio about 1817, stopping for a time in Franklin County. A year or two later, he removed to this county, and he and his brother Noah took the con- tract for making the brick aad building for Samuel KobinsoQ the first brick house in Union County. While thus engaged, Benjamin became acquainted with and courted Jane Slone, a girl who had come from York County, Penn., with the Robinsons. He married hor February 19, 1820, and immediately thereafter he purchased a little place of about fifty acres in Survey 6,602, on the plains; removed to it and remained there till his death, March 29, 1880, aged nearly eighty-five year.s. His wife died about 1876, having borne him two sons and two daughters. After her death, he resided at the home of his daugh- ter, Mrs. James McCloud. He was a man of more than ordinary enterprise, and his mind ran largely to the invention of machinery, perpetual motion, etc. He wrote his own funeral sermon, which was read at his funeral. Judah Dodge, Sr., in 1812, journeyed from Vermont, his native State, to the E. C. Smith place on the post road, and there engaged in agricultural DARBY TOWNSHIP. 227 pursuits. He was a Justice of the Peace, and afterward removed to Jerome Township, where he died in May, 3856. Judah Dodge, his son, was born in 1796, and in 1816 married Elizabeth Kilo-ore. In 1867, he removed from Darby to Marysville, where he died April 23, 1870. Hiram Dodge, another son, died, a farmer, in Jerome Town- ship. James Russel, from Loudoun County, Va., was a comparatively early settler on the J. S. Smith place near the southern line of the township. He continued his residence here to the time of his death. Amasa Payne owned and occu- pied the E. D. Smith place in the southeastern pai't of the township. Josiah Harrington, a Vermonter, about 1814, came to the land now owned by David Holycross, on the post road, aod farmed it to the day of his - death. James Snodgrass, about 1815, came with his famil}- from York County, Penn., and settled on Robinson Run in the lower part of Survey 3,687. His wife was Agnes Morrison; their children were William, James, Jane Ann, Nan-'y, Hannah, Samuel and Polly. Mr. Snodgrass was a member of the Presbyterian Church and a good-natured, upright farmer. He died about 1825; his wife survived him a few years. James Marquis settled about 1812 on the farm now owned by Caleb Con- verse, located just south of Unionville. He had married Barbara Sager, and their children were Elizabeth (Smith), Nancy (Cutler), Martha (Ford), James B., George G. and Harvey. He was a farmer and a Methodist; in after life he removed to Illinois. None of his posterity now reside in this vicinity. James Boles, as early as 1810 or 1812, purchased and settled on the farm just north of Big Darby, in Survey 2,671, now owned by John Knock. He came from Greene County and married Margaret, the daughter of Judge David Mitchell. He followed farming and reared a large family of children. His religion was the faith of the Seceders. In 1828 or 1830, he removed with fam- ily to Indiana, where he died. Lucas Low occupied for a few years in early times, the place now owned .by James Martin, just south of the Darby. His two brothers, John and Clark, and his father, who was a native of Germany, came with him. Lucas removed to near Newton, and died there about 1825. John Jolly was a North Carolinian. His family was of the Quaker per- suasion, and he, imbued with the principles of that sect, left his native State from an abhorrence of the institution of slavery and sought a home in Ohio. In 1818, with his wife, Hannah (Cook), and three children, he settled upon a tract of wild land he had purchased in the southern part of Survey 7,218, now the home of Charles Nicol. Here he cleared the land and tilled the soil, en- gaging also, to some extent, in shoe-making. He was an earnest supporter of the Methodist Church. His children by his first marriage wereElias, who re- moved to Kansas; Michel, who married Frederick Sager; Rachel; Joel; Mary, who married Adam Brown; John; Jeremiah, of Kansas; and Lewis, of Iowa. His second wife was Margaret Croy, who still lives with her daughter Eleanor, wife of A. J. Ferguson. By this marriage there were six children — Betsy, who married David and is now deceased; Eli, Eleanor, Margaret and two who died young. Mr. Jolly died July 31, 1860, at Unionville, aged seventy-eight years. John W. Robinson was one of the most prominent of the early settlers, though he was not among the earliest. He was born in Washington Coun- ty, Penn., in February, 1803. In the fall of 1808, his father, Rev. James Robinson, of the Presbyterian Church, removed with his family to Pickaway County, and in 1821 to near Milford, to accept the pastorate of Lower and 228 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Upper Liberty Churches. John W. pursued faming as his vocation, and in August, 1823, was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth daughter of Judge David Mitchell. The young couple at once settled on a small farm of iifty acres, part of the Mitchell farm, but in a short time Mr. Robinson purchased the farm south of the Darby, now occupied by David M. Robinson, and re- moved to it. , He resided upon this place, engaged extensively in stock-raising and farm- ing until his death, which occurred about 1853, from typhoid fever. His wife survived him many years. Their family consisted of ten children — David M. , residing on the home farm; James M. , of Marysville; Henry M., who died young; John, of Paris Township; Aaron B. and Robert N., of Marysville; Joseph S., who died in youth; Martha, wife of "William H. Robinson, of Marysville; Mary, who died in childhood; and Emma J., wife of Hon. Beriab Wilkins, of UhrichsviJle, Ohio. Mr. Robinson had been an Elder in the Pres- byterian Chiu'ch for many j^ears, a Justice of the Peace and County Commis- sioner. He was mild but firm in address, upright in character, unswerving in his adherence to principles of truth and justice, and was universally esteemed and respected by the large acquaintanceship which his public life gave him. Among other settlers who arrived prior to 1830, some of them many years before that date, may be mentioned Gideon B. Cutler, Garret Harris, Thomas Parr, William Oit, Thomas xindrew, Thomas Ally, John Bartholomew, Will- iam Cooperider, John W. Goldberry, John S. Irwin, Stephen Johnston, John and Jacob King, William Leeper, Robert Maze and Samuel Patch. Gideon B. Cutler owned fifty acres in Survey 8, 167. He resided for awhile on the site of Unionville, and later removed to Illinois. Garret Harris owned seventy acx'es in Survey 5,008, northern part of township, came prior to 1825 and died in the township. Thomas Parr removed to Jackson Township. Thomas Andrew was a Pennsylvanian; lived for a time in Survey 3,482, then removed to Indiana. Thomas Ally was a blacksmith, owned ninety- nine acres in Survey 3,687, and removed to Chicago. John Bartholomew was a cooper from Jefferson County; he married Rosanna, daughter of Chx'istian Sager, occupied the now Thomas West farm in Survey 5,005. for a time, then emigrated to the West. James Cooperider and William Orr were from Licking County; both lived in the northern part of the township. John S. Irwin lived on the west- ern part on the J. S. I\ liber farm; he was from Pennsylvania. Stephen Johns- ton was from Madison County. John King occupied Survey 4,982, in the western part of the township, with his father, Bolser King, who entered the survey. Samuel, John and AVilliam Leeper were early settlers from Penn- sylvania. Robert Maze lived with George Sager until his marriage, when he settled on Mill Creek. Samiiel Patch was a Yankee, aiid as early as 1816 or 1818, settled on a large farm just south of Unionville, now owned by Adam Brown and others. He had six children — Samuel, Stephen, Harmon, Caro- line, Charity and one whose name is forgotten. THE SICKLY SEASONS. During the years 1822-23, a terrible epidemic visited Darby plains and scarcely a family escaped its ravages. As the greater portion of the plains lie in Madison County, the loss there was greater, but Union County suffered its full share in proportion to its area of prairie land. To Dr. Jeremiah Converse, of Madison County, is due the following account of the dread disease: "There was scarcely a family but what had its sick or dying. The few, who were not prostrated with the disease were soon down with constant watching, yet these messengers of mercy visited each day all the sick that were assigned to their division. No tongue can describe nor pen portray the scenes of suffering, /favCei (^ (i^-f-e^ DARBY TOWNSHIP. 231 witnessed and experienced by these early settlers. All business transactions ceased, gloom brooded over the minds of the people and many a stout heart was made to tremble over the impending doom, which seemed to await him. Men and women who were not prostrated with disease, were busy night and day administering to the wants of the needy, mitigating the suffering of the sick and consoling the bereaved. There were a few instances where the father was compelled to construct the rude colfin, dig the grave and deposit beneath the clods of the valley the loved form of his child. The territoiy invaded by this epidemic extended from a short distance east of Big Darby to perhaps the same distance west of Little Darby. " The cause of the disease was sup- posed to arise from the decomposition of vegetable matter and the malaria, which would ensue. The tall, luxurious growth of grass on the prairie lands was at first burned every autumn, but after the settler.s began to occupy this land this habit was abandoned through fear of setting fire to the grain and buildings of the pioneer. During the few years that then elapsed before the land was mostly occupied and cultivated, this rank, native growth of grasses became a wet, thick mass of decay and breeded the germs of disease. The symptoms of the disease were various. Usually a general lassitude, nausea and thirst would continue several days, when the disease would be announce d by a severe rigor or chill. The skin would become livid and purple; the pulse quick and feeble; the respiration accelerated. Subsequently severe heat would ensue, the pulse becoming full and frequent, accompanied by thirst, severe headache, nausea and vomiting, and sometimes delirium. In children, there were convulsions generally. The patient would sink into an inflammatory type of fever, which ran its course in from seven to fifteen days; most fre- quently death occurred about the eighth or ninth day of the inflammatory stage. FIRST SCHOOLS. John Robinson was one of the earliest school teachers in the Mitchell set- tlement. When he first came to the township he lived for a short time on Mi-. Mitchell's farm, and while there held one term of school for the benefit of the few children in that vicinity. The house occupied for this purpose stood near the graveyard. The schoolhouse was afterward built near by, where Alexan- der Robinson taught. The first schoolhouse erected in the Robinson neighbor - hood stood within thirty rods of James Robinson's cabin, It was built by the Robinsons and the Sagers. Miss Henrietta Millington was the first teacher here, about 18li0. Her successors were Misses Narcissa and Helen Topping, daughters of Dr. Topping, of Jerome Township, Jeptha Peasley, a Yankee pedagogue, Alexander Robinson and Charles McCloud. CEMETERIES. On the north side of Big Darby, on the Mitchell farm, is an extensive buryiug ground which has been used for this sacred parpose for eighty-three years — even longer, for previous to the settlement of white men it had been a burial place for the dusky Indians who frequented the hunting grounds on Big Darby. It is a sandy knoll, rising above the surrounding land, and lo- cated near the stream. It is the oldest cemetery in the county. Samuel Mc- Cullough, who died in the spring of 1800, was buried here. Undertaking es- tablishments were not then within access, and nowhere near the settlement was there even a foot of lumber with which to fashion a rude coffin. A walnut tree was felled, and from its trunk rough slabs were split, and with this material a coffin was made. In it the mortal remains of Mr. McCullough were encased and consigned to their resting place. In Mitchell's cemetery most of the early settlers of Darby Township lie buried. It is still used as a cemetery. 282 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. The cemetery at Unionville, formerly Sager's graveyard, is now under the care of the township authorities, and is used more extensively than any other in the township. In the northeastern part, at one time the Brown graveyard was the only burying place for the settlers in that region. It is now a neg- lected spot. The Lutherans have two large cemeteries in the northern part of the township. NORTH LIBERTY. The first town platted in the territory now comprised within Union Coun- ty, and one of the first in the State, was located in the southeastern part of Dar- by Township, on the southern bank of the stream. It was laid out by Lucas Sullivant in 1797, and called North Liberty. Sullivant was a young Kentuckian surveyor, who was engaged in surveying lands and locating warrants in the Virginia Military Disti'ict, and while thus engaged he traveled over much of Southwestern Ohio. Deeming this location in Darby Township a favorable location for a future city, he made and recorded in Ross County the plat of an extensive town, with several hundred lots and spacious streets. Big Dai'by he prenounced nnvigable as far as his village, North Liberty. The town came to naught, however, for Mr. Sullivant seems to have abandoned it soon after he gave it an existence on paper. He laid out Franklinton, opposite Columbus, the same year, and apparently gave his energies to the development of that town. Different citizens differ as to size that North Liberty attained, but the highest estimates place the number of cabins it contained at the mod- est number of three. The E wings are the only settlers who are now known to have occupied the site of this ephemeral village. UNIONVILLE. Unionville, a village of 200 people, is located in the southcentral part of Darby Township, on the south bank of Big Darby. It was laid out Febru- ary 8, 1847, by William B. Irwin, County Surveyor, for John, Frederick and David Sager. The original plat contained only fifteen lots and two streets — Main and Cross. The public square, twelve poles and twelve feet square, was situated in the northeast corner of the plat. An addition was made to the vil- lage February 10, 1852, by Christian, Frederick, John and David Sager. It consisted of thirty-three lots, 16 to 48 inclusive, lying mostly south of the original plat. First, Second, Third and Railroad streets were the new thoroughfares established by this addition. Another addition of sixteen lots was subsequently made which does not appear to be on record. A petition was filed with the County Commissioners March 3, 1879. pray- ing for the organization of a village of the territory, comprising the village of Unionville and certain contiguous territory, signed by M. P. Rice and forty other residents of the proposed village. The petition states the supposed num- ber of inhabitants to be 229, prays that the name may be Unionville Center and name M. P. Rice and Joseph E. Fouke their representatives in the prem- ises. The petition was granted and the village duly incorporated after the necessary preliminary steps were taken. The first election for borough officers was held in October, 1879. It re- sulted as follows: Mayor, F. N. Mattoon; Councilmen, C. A. Ferguson, M. P. Rice, John Knock, A. J. Harper, S. W. Dunfee and N. P. Gilliland. Sub- sequent ofiicers have been as follows: 1880— Mayor, W. J. Dunfee; Marshal, J. C. Larue; Clerk. J.A.Miller; Treasurer, J. P .Kritliue; Councilmen, N. P. Gilliland, Philip Maddex, H. H. Marshall, S. W. Dunfee, A. M. Holycross and M. P. Rice. 1881 — Councilmen, C. M. Knock, Edison Perry and L. A. Dockum, two years each, and Charles McCune one year; Clerk, C. A. Ferguson. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 233 1882— Mayor, C. A. Ferguson; Clerk, M. P. Wetzel; Treasurer, J. P. Kritline; Councilmen, Philip Maddex, Charles McCune and S. M. Dockum; C. M. Knock, Marshal, by appointment. The first house on the site of Unionville was built several years before the platting of the village by Benjamin Cutler. He was a shoe-maker and fol- lowed his trade here. He also kept a scanty stock of pioneer commodities, which he dispensed among his neighbors for cash, and hence might be regard- ed as the first merchant of the place, unless, perhaps, his stock in trade was too small to warrant this title. The extent of his wares may be inferred by the following: Just after he opened his store, a sturdy settler, who had at- tained to the dignity of a "biled shirt," wanted a little indigo and called for a small quantity. Mr. Cutler desired him to curtail his order one -half, and on inquiring it was learned that he had just enough to fill the order and did not wish to be without the article in the store. John Sager was the principal proprietor of the village. He built a two-story frame building, the first erected after the village was laid out, and kept a store here for several years. He was the first Postmaster. A tannery was started at Unionville and operated successfully for many years by John and Jeremiah Jolly, its builders, and afterward by James Walker and Alexan- der Snodgrass. John and Frederick Sager built a saw mill on Big Darby about 1835, and a few years later added a corn cracker. Both mills have been maintained most of the time since. Michael Sager was the next owner. He operated the mills four or five years, when David Holycross became the owner. William B. Dunfee afterward purchased them, and while in his possession they were partially destroyed by fire, but he at once repaired them. The Wetzel brothers now operate them. In 1881, they erected a steam floiu- mill, contain- ing two run of buhrs and both steam and water power are now employed in operating them. Another saw mill and tile factory is owned by John Dunfee and John Brown. Dr. John Beach was the first practicing physician, coming soon after the village was fouuded. He was fresh fi'om medical school and remained only a few years. He is now practicing in Jefferson, Madison County. His brother, W. MoiTow Beach, succeeded him at Unionville and practiced for a short time. He is now a prominent physician and politician at London, Ohio. Physi- cians have not remained long at Unionville in the past. Quite a number have opened offices here, but all of them took down their "shingles" and removed to other parts in a few years. Among the practitioners was Dr. I. N. Hamilton, now of Marysville. Dr. Charles McCune, the only physician now practicing in Unionville, located here in 1880. The business houses consist of a dry goods store, owned by William B. Dunfee, and three groceries conducted by L. A. Dockum, Wetzel & Ferguson, and Joseph E. Fouke, respectively. The latter i« the present Postmaster. There is also here an extensive wagon and carriage manufactory, which was started many years ago by Jackson Harper, and is now operated by Harper & Son and two blacksmith shops. The schoolhouse is a two story frame, in which there are two departments. It is believed that a new building will be erected in 1883. The cemetery at Unionville comprises an acre in extent, and is what was formerly known as the Sager burying ground. It is under the supervision of the Township Trustees, who have recently built a substantial stone and brick vault. Just north of the village, on the farm of Maria Eobinson, is a magnetic spring. The water is said to possess strong, curative qualities, and is much used and highly prized by many residing in the vicinity. Its powers have 234 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. been known for several years, but no attempt has been made to develop it un- til quite recently. George Wilcox has purchased foiu* acres, including the spring site, and erected a large windmill pump at the spring. The village is now hoping for the erection of a large hotel, which it is believed will make the place a popular resort. The only mill in the township, besides those already mentioned in Union- ville, of which there is any knowledge, was a horse flouring mill operated in early times for a few years by a Mr. Hill. It was not a financial success, hence its permanent suspension. The Methodist Chui'ch at Union ville was built, as nearly as has been ascer- tained, about 1856 or 1858. It is a frame building, about 30x40 in size, and cost about $600. The church was dedicated by Rev. Uriah Heath, Rev. Lloyd being pastor in charge at the time. The class that worships here was organized as early as 1820, at the house of Charles McCloud, in the southern part of the township. Rev. George Maley was an early minister. The McCloud family, the Finkhams, Amos McNier and wife, C. H. Converse and wife Lovisa, Betsy Cutler, Frederick Sager and wife Michel, John Jolly and wife Margaret, David Sager and wife Elizabeth, and others were early members. Services were afterward held at the cabin of James Marquis, just south of the site of Unionville, at Christian Sagers, and elsewhere. The frame schoolhouse which stood just east of the site of Unionville was next used as a place of worship, and after the village was started the services w^ere conducted in the hall on the second floor of John Sager's building. This hall was occupied by the so- ciety until the church was built. Bishop S. M. Merrill was one of the pastors in charge when the meetings were held in the Sager room. Other early min- isters were Revs. Sharp, James Finley and James Gilruth. This society is included in Milford Circuit, which occupies four charge.s — Unionville, Irvin's Station, Lewis Chapel and Milfoi'd. The present pastor is Rev. C. A. Naylor. The membership is about fifty. The Sunday school connected with this church dates its origin in the time when the services were held in the school - house. Until within a few years the school was maintained only in summer, but now it is conducted during the entire year. Benjamin Robinson is the present Superintendent, and the attendance is excellent. Darby Seceder Church, now the Unionville United Presbyterian, was or- ganized as early as 1824. The earliest records not being within the county, it is impossible to fix the date with absolute certainty. At this time, the county was very sparsely settled, and the improvements very few. The origi- nal membership did not number more than twelve or fifteen. Among the ear- liest members were Robert Nelson, Samuel Robinson, Thomas Robinson, James Boles, John Porter and Samuel Mitchell, Jr. The earliest meetings wereheldduringpleasant weather in the sugar grove on Judge Mitchell's farm, east of and neai* his cabin and close to the banks of Big Darby. It was here that the first communion service was held. AiKjther early administration of the sacrament occurred in a large, new barn, belonging to Samuel Robinson. The congregation was organized by a minister of the Xenia Presbytery, and Rev. James Wallace became the first settled pastor. He was called in 1830 to take charge of three congregations, this one, one at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, and one at Cherokee, Logan County. His salary from the three churches amounted to about $300. In 1839, or near that time, he was called to take charge of the Cherokee Church alone, and for three years Darby Church was supplied by Rev. Robert I'orester, of Franklin County, and others. Rev. I. N. Lawhead then became pastor and continued in this relation twenty two years, until 1864. He preached to Darby and New California Churches, and these two congregations have ever since been associated in one pastorate. Serv- DARBY TOWNSHIP. 235 ices are now held every Sunday at 3 o'clock P. M. ; formerly each alternate Sunday. After a short vacancy, Rev. J. W. Taylor was installed pastor in the spring of 1865, and remained with the church three years. Until 1871, the church was variously supplied, when Rev. John Gilmore entered upon a minis- try which continued three years. A vacancy of one year intervened before Rev. D. M. D. Gordon became the settled pastor. He was succeeded in 1878 by Rev. E. E. Cleland, now in charge. The first meeting house was a frame building, probably 30x40 feet in size, erected not later than 1835 on a lot, do- nated to the purpose, from the farm of Judge David Mitchell, northwest from Unionville. This church was used until the present frame edifice was built in Unionville in 1856-57. It cost about $1,400, is about 30x45 in size, and was dedicated in August, 1857, by Rev. Lawhead. In June, 1858, the general un- ion of the Associate or Seceder, and the Associate Reform Churches took place, and the name United Presbyterian Church adopted, by which it has since been known. The membership of the New California congregation was drawn largely from this church, which in consequence is now much smaller than formerly. The membership is about thirty. A Sunday school was organized about 1 840, and conducted regularly since during summers. The old Seceder Church was exceedingly strict in enforcing its closely drawn creed. As an illustration of this, the church records contain the proceedings of the trial of a member charged with singing a Methodist hymn. Another member was tried before the church authorities for kneeling in the meeting house of a sister society. It is not so, now, however. The spirit of liberality has pervaded this as well as all other religious denominations. The first Elders were Robert Nelson and Samuel Robinson, the former holding the ofiice until his death in 1848 or 1849; the latter until February, 1849. Subsequent Elders, with terms of service, have been Alexander Pollock, from 1830 to 1852; AVilliam McCampbell, from 1836 to 1839; James Martin from 1836 to 1859; Joseph H. Robinson from 1848 to 1867; George Pollock, from 1848 to 1854; Samuel McCullough, from 1859 to his death in 1870; S. D. Robinson and H. P. Woods are the present Elders. The former was elect- ed in 1867, the latter in 1873. St. Johns (German) Evangelical Lutheran Church, located in the north- ern part of Darby Township, on the Marysville pike, is the largest and handsom- est religious edifice in the township and one of the best in the county. The congregation was organized soon after the German settlement began, near the line of Paris and Darby Townships. In 1843, an organization was effected and ministers from Delaware, Columbus and other points supplied the church until 1846, when Rev. Adam Ernst became the regular pastor. The first mem- bers were Jacob Vandereau, Blasins, Bentel, Barnhard Bischoff, George Boehm, John Bunsold, Michael Eirich, Adam Ell, Melchior Goess, Gunderman, George Hegendorfer, George Rausch, Philip Ruppreight, Gottlieb Ruppreight, George Stephen, Martin and Casper Scheiderer and George Zwerner. In 1846, a small log church was built about a mile northwest of the present church in and close to the southern line of Paris Township. Two years later, a division arose in the church and it separated into two district congregations, each of which retained the original name — St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. The question of dispute was whether or not a crucifix should be placed within the sanctuary. One faction retained possession of the old house; the other during the same year, built a small brick church one half mile south in Darby Township, and occupied it until 1859, when the present brick building was erected. It was dedicated July 22, 1860, by Rev. Lindeman, of Cleveland. A service in En- glish was delivered in the afternoon of the same day by Rev. P. Eirich, of Lith- opolis. The building was pronounced at this time the finest and costliest in the 236 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. county. A bell, weighing 009 pounds and costing $209 was hung upon it. Rev. Adam Ernst remained with this division of the church until 1850. He was succeeded by Rev Jacob Seidel, who remained until 1858. Rev. Fred- erick Metzel then assumed charge and was pastor until 1868. In that year, Rev. Louis Kuief was called. He was succeeded in 1879 by the present pas- tor, Rev. Henry Werfelman. The northern division were ministered toby Revs. John Bunderthal, George Krane, R. Herbst, William Lembke, and perhaps others. This congrega- tion built a brick meeting house adjoining the site of the original church, and worshiped there until the two congregations united in 1878. The origi- nal cause of dissention had long before disappeared, but a general division in the German Lutheran Church had arisen, and to each of the divisions a branch of the St. Joho's Church had united. The southern, or Darby branch, belonged to the Missouri Synod; the northern, or Paris branch, to the Ohio Synod. These two synods had united shortly before the reconciliation, iu St. John's Church, and it was through .the intervention of the Presi- dents of the two synods. Prof. William Lehmann, of Columbus, and Rev. H. C. Schwan, of Cleveland, and of Rev. W. Stubnatzy, of Ft. Wayne, Ind. , that St. John's Church became a unit. Since then the synods have again separatsd on the question of predestination, but the entire congregation now clings to the Missouri Synod. The membership is 120. Two cemeteries are the property of this church. One is in Paris Town- ship and one near the present church in Darby. None but members of the congregation are allowed to be buried here. A congregational school has been maintained for twenty or more years. It is held about nine months a year, from March to November or December. It was cvistomary for the early ministers to teach the youth of the church dur- ing the week, but as the congregation increased in number, teachers were em- ployed for this purpose. Mr. Rolf was the first, Mr. Fechtmao the second and Conrad Steege the third and present instructor. He has had charge of the schools for eleven years, and now has an assistant teacher. In 1880, a goodly sized tsvo-story brick schoolhoase was built, adjoining the church. Formerly a small brick schoolhouse was used. About 110 pupils are now in attendance. The common branches are taught in English and the religion of the church in German. Mt. Olive Church, of the Christian or "New Light" denomination, stands in the eastern p.'irt of the township on the Marysville and Plain City road, in Survey 5,139. The society that woi'ships here was oi'ganized in the old Harris schoolhouse. According to arrangements made at a preliminary meeting two weeks previous, a meeting was held here December 11, 1869, and an organiza- tion effected. The congregation began its existence with a large membei'ship, in which were included the names of J. Q. Adams, Warren Harris, Jacob Brown, Amos Brown. Isaiah Brown, Silas and Solomon Brown, Joel C. Conk- lin, George W\ Debolt, Eli McNier, David Reece, their families and. many young people. The meetings were held in the schoolhouse until the church building, a neat and commodious frame structure, costing $1,100, was erected. It was dedicated December 25, 1870, by Elder A. Hanger. The first officers elected were: Deacons, J. Q. Adams and Warren Harris; Charles H. Adams, Clerk; J. Q. Adams, Treasurer; W^arren Harris, J. Q. Adams and Jacob Brown, 2d, Trustees. Rev. "William Webb organized the church. He was pastor in charge for four years. His successors have been Elder Wilbam Fuller, two years; Elder Samuel Horn, two years; Elder C. L. Winget, fractions of two years; Elder B. H. Crisman,part of one year, and Elder William Fuller, again the present pastor. Intervals have occurred when the church was without a DARBY TOWNSHIP. 237 pastor. Within a year after the organization, the membership was seventy- tive; it increased to more than one hundred, but owing to many removals from this vicinity and to deaths, it is now only about fifty. Formerly a flourish- ing Sunday school was in operation, but for a year or two there has been none. Lewis Chapel is the title bestowed upon a Methodist Church located on Little Darby in the extreme southwestern corner of the township. It received its name in honor of Rev. F. F. Lewis, who organized the society, and by his own manual labor assisted in rearing this modest temple of worship. Th e build- ing is a substantial frame, nicely furnished, and was erected soon after the class was organized, probably twenty-five years ago. The membership was quite small originally, including Elihu Bigelow and wife Miriam, and Mrs. Hiram Kent. James McCloud and Joel Fairbanks have been prominent mem- bers more recently. The society is still small numerically. It is connected with the Milford Circuit. ELECTIONS. The gubernatorial vote of Darby Township from the organization of Union County is as follows: 1820 — Ethan Allen Brown, 44; Jeremiah Morrow, 5; total, 49. 1822 — Jeremiah Morrow, 37; Allen Trimble. 4; total, 41. 1824— Jeremiah Morrow, 13; Allen Trimble, 21; total, 34. 1826— John Bigger, 13; Allen Trimble, 24: total, 37. 1828— John W. Campbell, 23; Allen Trimble, 21; total, 44. 1830— Duncan Mc Arthur, 11; Robert Lucas, 33; total, 44. 1832 — Darius Lyman, Whig, 22; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 38; total, 60. 1834 — James Finley, Whig, 29; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 30; total, 59. 1836 — Joseph Vance, Whig, 45; Eli Baldwin, Democrat, 44; total, 89. 1838 — Joseph Vance, Whig, 57; Nelson Shannon, Democrat, 50; total, 107. 1840 — Thomas Corwin, Whig, 81; Wilson Shannon, Democrat, 50: total, 137. 1842 — Thomas Corwin, Whig, 50; Wilson Shannon, Democrat, 50; Lei- cester King, Abolitionist, 6; total, 106. 1844 — Mordecai Bartley, Whig, 72; David Tod, Democrat, 68; Leicester King, Abolitionist, 8; total, 148. 1846— William Bebb, Whig, 60; David Tod, Democrat, 56; Samuel Lewis, Abolitionist, 12; total, 128 1848— Seabury Ford, Whig, 76; John B. Weller, Democrat, 79; total, 155. 1850— William Johnson, Whig, 86; Reuben Wood. Democrat. 69: Ed- ward Smith, Abolitionist, 3; total, 158. 1851— Samuel F. Vinton. Whig, 79; Reuben Wood, Democrat, 74; Sam- uel Lewis, Abolitionist, 3; total, 156. 1853 — Nelson Barrere, Whig, 63; William Medill, Democrat, 79; Samuel Lewis, Abolitionist, 21; total, 163. 1855— Salmon P. Chase, Fusionist, 51; William Medill, Democrat, 106; Allen Trimble, KnowNothing, 18; total, 175. 1857— Salmon P. Chase, Republican, 93; H. P. Payne, Democrat, 109; P. Van Trump, Know- Nothing, 1; total, 203. 1859 — ^\/illiam Dennison, Republican, 92; R. P. Ranney, Democrat. 106; total, 198. 1861 — David Tod, Republican, 109; H. J. Jewitt, Democrat, 101; total, 210. 1863 — John Brough, Republican, 141; C. L. Vallandigham, Democrat,. 119; total, 2G0. 238 . HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1865 — J. D. Cox, Republican, 121; George W. Morgan, Democrat, 120; total, 241. 1867— K. B. Hayes, Republican, 127; A. G. Thurman. Democrat, 138; total, 265. 1869— R. B. Hayes, Republican, 113; G. H. Pendleton, Democrat, 143; total, 256. 1871 — E. F. Noyes, Republican, 109; George W. McCook, Democrat. 118; total, 227. 1873— E. F. Noyes, Republican, 102; William Allen. Democrat, 112; Isaac Collins, Liberal Republican, 3; Gideon T. Stewart. Prohibition, 2; total, 219. 1875 — R. B. Hayes, Republican, 117; William Allen, Democrat, 138; total, 255. 1877 — William H. West, Republican, 120; R. M. Bishop, Democrat, 149; total, 269. 1879 — Charles Foster, Republican, 142; Thomas Ewing, Democrat, 152; total, 294. 1881 — Charles Foster, Republican, 125; J. W. Bookwalter, Democrat, 123; total, 248. The Justices who have served m Darby Township, as showu by the coun- ty register of oaths administered, together with respective dates of their com- missions, are as follows: Samuel Robinson, April, 1821; James Baol, April, 1821; Samuel Robinson, 1824; James Boal, 1824; Judah Dodge, 1827; Elihu Knapp, 1828; David Mitchell, 1827; David Mitchell, 1830; John S. Irwin, 1836; Amasa Chapman, 1836; William M. Robinson, 1837; John S. Irwin, 1839; David Chapman, 1839; John Jolly, 1839; John W. Robinson, 1841; Philip Snider, 1842; William Robinson, 1842; John W. Robinson, 1844; Garret Harris, 1845; Philip Snider, 1845; B. A. Fay, 1846; John W. Robin- son, 184/; Garret Harris, 1848; William Tinkum, 1849, I'esigned 1850; John W. Robinson. 1850; E. D. Smith, 1850; Garret Harris, 1851; A. D. Doo- little, 1853; E. D. Smith, 1853; Garret Harris, 1854; A. D. Doolittle, 1856; E. D. Smith, 1856; Garret Harris, 1858; Adam Brown, 1859; resigned 1859; A. D. Doolittle, 1859; E. D. Smith, 1859, resigned 1860; Adam Brown, 1860, resigned 1861; Garret Harris. 1861; Jacob Wolfed, 1862, resigned 1865; Garret Harris, 1864; A. D. Doolittle, 1864; E. D. Smith, 1865; Garret Harris, 1867; A. D. Doolittle, 1867; John F. Kilberry, 1868; H. J. King, 1869; Adam Brown, 1869, resigned 1869; William Harris, 1869; Garret Hai-ris, 1870; O. P. Converse, 1872; E. D. Smith, 1872; Garret Harris, 1873, died February 16, 1875; George Harris, 1875; Joseph E. Foulk, 1875; E. D. Smith, 1875; George Harris, 1878; Joseph E. Foulk. 1878; E. D. Smith, 1878; George Harris, 1881; Joseph E. Foulk, 1881; E. D. Smith. 1881. Darby Township contains a greater number of surveys than most townships in the county. Many of them are for small quantities of land. Only a few'are for 1,000 acres or more, and a large proportion are for 100 acres or less. Those located north of Big Darby are generally larger and were mostly sur- veyed earlier than those south. Darby Plains, which included most of the township south of the creek, was not deemed desirable land and consequently not entered as long as better was still not located. The following is a list of the original proprietors of the surveys, their numbers, areas, surveyors and dates of survey : Lucas Sullivant, No. 2,879, 1,000 acres, Lucas Sullivant, November 3, 1797. ^^^^d. ^.^eM^eiy^ DARBY TOWNSHIP. 241 Samuel Robinson, No. 2,977, 600 acres, Lucas Sullivant, October 30, 1797. Lucas Snllivant, No. 3,162, 640 acres, Lucas Sullivant, April 15, 1798. Richard Stephenson, No. 2,671, 1,000 acres, Lucas Sullivant, April 4, 1798. Lucas Sullivant, No. 2,675, 1,000 acres, Lucas Sullivant, October 26, 1797. Lucas Sullivant, No. 3,272, 100 acres, James Galloway, April 14, 1801. Lucas Sullivant, Nos. 3,311 and 3,312, 413 acres, Lucas Sullivant, June 7 and July 7, 1798. Richard Stephenson, No. 3,482, 566| acres, Lucas Sullivant, April 7, 1799. Richard Stephenson, No. 3,483, 450 acres, Lucas Sullivant, April 7, 1799. Lucas Sullivant, No, 3,484, 800 acres, mostly in Jerome Township. Robert Power and Lucas Sullitant, No. 3,682, 310f acres, Lucas Sulli- vant, September 18, 1799. John Scott, No. 3,687, 548f acres, Lucas Sullivant, September 17, 1799. John Knight, No. 3,881, 344i^ acres, James Galloway, December 8, 1820. Elizabeth Rickman, No. 4,067, 1,120 acres, Joseph Kerr, October 24, 1801. William Petty, No. 4,903, 100 acres, James Galloway, January 15, 1810. Bolzer King, No. 4,982, 100 acres, James Galloway, January 22, 1807. Peter Manifold, No. 4,998, 350 acres, Duncan McArthur, October 18, 1809. Richard Smyth, No. 5,005, 200 acres, James Galloway, February 1 9, 1807. Hugh Woodson, No. 5,008, 657 acres, James Galloway, August 15, 1806. Hugh Woodson, No. 5,009, 265 acres, James Galloway, August 15, 1806. Peter Manifold, No. 5,053, 42 acres, Duncan McArthur, October 18, 1809. Lucas Sullivant, No. 5,111, 80 acres, Allen Latham, April 5, 1825. Minor Smith, No. 5,122, 100 acres, James Galloway, January 23, 1807. James Galloway, Jr., No. 5,124, 400 acres, James Galloway, January 21, 1807. James Galloway, Jr., Nos. 5,137. 7,964 and 7,218, 654|^ acres, James Gal- loway, November 7, 1833. Richard C. Anderson, No. 5,139, 1,000 acres, James Galloway, February 18, 1807. William Steel, No. 5,141, 100 acres, James Galloway, April 19, 1817. John Arnold, No. 5,142, 200 acres, James Galloway, March 19, 1807. Lucas Sullivant, No. 5,236, 100 acres, James Galloway, April 14, 1807. James Galloway, Jr., No. 5,743, 200 acres, James Galloway, February 26, 1808. Tuttle Hudson, No. 6,233, 100 acres, James Galloway, June 1, 1809. James Gallowav, Ji'. , No. 6,602, 683 acres, James Gallowav, Mai'ch 26, 1810. James Galloway, Jr., No. 6,973, 100 acres, James Galloway, April 23, 1811; partly in Madison County. James Galloway, Jr., No. 7,063, 60 acres, James Galloway, April 23, 1811; mostly in Madison County. Benjamin W. Ladd, No. 7,218, 592i^ acres, James Galloway, February 20, 1812. James Johnston and John Graham, No. 7,245, 543 acres, Walter Dun, May 28, 1812. John Graham, No. 7,388, 91 acres, Walter Dun, June 4, 1813. 14 242 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. John Graham, No. 7,393, 313 acres, Walter Dun, August 29, 1812. James Johnston, No. 7,397, 100 acres, Walter Dun, August 29, 1812. Joseph Chambers, No 7,399, 80| acres, Walter Dun, August 29, 1812. Joseph Chambers, No. 7,400, 100 acres, Walter Dun, August 29, 1812. Walter Dun, Nos. 7,751 and 7,754, 447 acres, Walter Dun, July 1, 1813, partly in Jerome Township and Madison County. G. Scrugg, No. 7,759, 90 acres, Walter Dun, June 26, 1813, mostly in Madison County. James Johnston and John Graham, No. 7,916, 800 acres, Walter Dun, April 29, 1815. Walter Dun, No. 8,167, 100 acres, Walter Dun, August 28, 1815. Walter Dun, No. 8,508, 80 acres, Walter Dun, August 28, 1815. Walter Dun and John Graham, Nos. 8,536 ami 8,698, 441 acres, Walter Dun, April 22, 1816. Walter Dun, No. 8,783, 350 acres, Walter Dun, June 27, 1816. Joseph and Benjamin W. Ladd and Thomas Norrell, No. 9,003, 80 acres, James Galloway, April 19, 1817. Same proprietors, No. 9,005, 13 acres, James Galloway, May 3, 1817. David Chapman, No. 10,793, 200 acres, Walter Dun, October 5, 1821. Walter Dun, No. 10,810, 75 acres, W^alter Dun, October 4, 1821. David Chapman, Nos. 10,987 and 12,170, Walter Dun, January 9, 1823; partly in Madison County. Walter Dun, No. 11,012, 120 acres, Walter Dun, May 31, 1822. Hugh Woodson, No. 12,075, 55 acres, James Galloway, Jr., December 24, 1822. Samuel Smith, No. 12,169, 200 acres, Walter Dun, January 9, 1823. William Scooler and Walter Dun, Nos. 12,240 and 12,877, 258 acres, Cad- wallader Wallace, July 21, 1829. Thomas Lucas, No. 12,269, 130 acres, E. P. Kendrick, February 24, 1834. Thomas Lucas, No. 12,269, 12 acres, E. P. Kendrick, February 9, 1834. Thomas Lucas, No. 12,270, 250 acres, E. P. Kendrick, March U, 1836. Joseph Spencer, No. 12,927, 40 acres, James Galloway, Jr., July 10, 1830. Michael Sager, No. 14,437, 40 acres, E. P. Kendrick, October 10. 1839. J. Galloway, No. 15,310, 80 acres, James Galloway, Jr., August 3, 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHKS. JOHN W. ADAMS, deceased. Our subject, John W. Adams came of New England stock, but was born in Madison Com ty, Ohio, where his father, Charles H., who was a native of Connecticut, settled when that county was a wilderness, and lived to the close of his life. John W. subsequently moved and settleil on the farm now occupied by Warren Harris in Darby Township, Union County, where he resided until his death. His wife. Miss Etha Delp, to whom he was inarried in this county, was a native of Germany, and a daughter of George H. Delp, of a pioneer family of Union County. Of the six children born to this union, five are living as fol- lows: Charles H., who married Mary Harris, of this county ; Albert married Sarah J. Harris, of this county ; David, Edward and William. The two lattpr at home, and David, at this time, July, 1882, is largely engaged in banking business at O'Neil City, Neb., where he has been aso- ciated tiie past two years. The present generaiion of the Adams family represent the descend- ants of otie of the oldest and respected pioneer connections of Madison and Union Counties. J. Q. ADAMS, farmer, P. (). Unionville Center. The Adams and Eastman families were of New l.ngland stock. Charles H. Adams and Maluthia, his wile, the grandparents, were among the first ai rival of pioneers in Madison County, Ohio, where they both died. A. P. and Betty R. (Coi verse) Adams, the parents of our subject, were both born and reared on Daiby Plains. They rai-ed a family of six children, but two of whom survive, viz., J. Q. and the youngest sis- ter, now the wife of S. McNeir, of Hardin County, Ohio. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead in Madison County, in 1841. lie was married in 1861 to Miss Mar/ Mc- DARBY TOWNSHIP. 243 Neir, of this county. He served tht> three months' call for volunteers in Company K, Ohio National Guards, in 1864, and in 18Gt3 settled upon h's present estate, consisting of 1'2'> acres. He is t'chool Director at the present time, and a member of the Christian Church. His living children are Flora and Elizabeth U. .T. M. ANDREWS, farmer, P. O. Unionville Center, was born in Montpelier. Vt., February "24, 1814, and is a son of Charles Andrews. He with his family settled in this county in 1814, purchasing at the time a large tract of land. He died in 1823, and she in either 1818 or 1819. Seven chiKiren were born to them, two daughters and five sons. He married for his second wife Elizabeth Hurlburt, by whom he had two children. Our subject learned the blacksmith trade wlien a young man, and when of age he had only $:>5 in money. In 1841, he bought 160 acres of Imd, to which he has since added by purchase, and owns at present 361 acres. .Jan- uary 21, 1841, he was married to Ann, daughter of Samuel Sager, who borehim twelve children, four of whom are living, viz., Elizabeth, Ira, Alvira and Sarah. A son, Anson P., enlisted, in 1861, in the Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry; he died at Sutton, W. Va., Sep- tember 13, 1861. Mr, A. has served as Township Trustee a number of terms, and is an exem- plary member of the Methodist Church. May 9, 1871, his residence was burned to the ground, and the following year he erected a commodious house which for design and finish has few equals. He is also interested in fish culture and his fish pool is stocked with imported Geri^an carp. IIUFUS ANDREWS, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is the youngest son of Charles and Alvira (Hubbard) Andrews, of Connecticut, who settled in this county in 1814, purchasing at the tiine a large tract of land. Afterward he bought a tract of land in Franklin County, Ohio. He died in 1823, his wife died in 1819. Our subject was bound out at the age of fourteen years, and four years later went to Madison County, Ohio. May 27, 1840, he was married to Sophia C, daughter of C. Smith, by whom he had six children, one of whom is living, viz., Frank E. Our subject owns 100 acres of the homestead farm and in all he is the possessor of 275 acres of val- uable land. His son, Charles C, enlisted in 1863, in the three months' service, and re-enlisted in the Eighteenth United States Regulars, for three years, but on account of sickness was dis- charged. After recovering he again enlisted in the Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he served till the close of the war. Our subject married for his second wife Sarah N., daughter of H. AVheeler, who was born September 3, 1826. Mr. Andrews was born August 13, 1817. ADDISON BIDWELL, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is a son of Elisha and Doratha (Willey) Bidwell, both natives of Vermont. The family moved to Madison County, Ohio, in 1812, and settled upon 160 acres of military land now embraced in the limits of Canaan Township. He subsequently located on the Little Darby in Pike Township, where he put up the first saw mill erected in this part of the country, which he operated for many years. While felling a tree from the forest to complete the erection of his log cabin in Canaan Township, his right arm was caught and terribly crushed, which left that member a cripple for life. There being no surgeons at that time, his arm was bandag- d by the settlers, and all aid extended which willing hearts could be- stow. He subsequently became one of the largest and most extensive stock-dealers of the times. He cut and sold timber that built many of the first houses of that county. The first cattle sale in Miidison County was made by him. He was the father of seventeen children, fifteen of whom lived to be men and women. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead in Madison County, Ohio, June 18, 1822. He was married in the same county September 14, 1843, to Miss Mary A., daughter of John Kennedy, a pioneer family of Madison, where she was born. Seven children born to this union are all living, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of S. Holycross, Jasper N., John Q., Alvina, wife of George Fenner, Rosena, wife of M. Guy, Howard, and William li., residing with his parents at home. Mr. Bidwell is connected with the Church Universal of Plain Ciiy, and is one of the oldest and respected pioneers of the county. JOHN BLAND, farmer, P. O. Milford Center, was born in Rutledge County, Va., in 1825, and is a i-on of Samuel and Abigal (Pherris) Bland, of Virginia. They settled in this county in 1839, and he died in Milford Center in 1877. His estimable wife is yet living at the iige of seventy-seven years. Twelve children were born to them, nine of whom are living. Our t-ubject learned the cooper's trade, which he followed seven years. His present estate con- sists iu 194 acres, on which he located in 1874. In 1848, he wa.s married to Margaret, daughter of Edwar. Thirteen children were born to them, six of whom are living, viz.: Robert, John L., Emma, John J., Maggie and Joah. PEIER BLUMENSHINE farmer, P. 0. Marysville, is a son of Adam Blumenshine, a native of Germany, who, emigrating with his family to the United States, settled in this township, and was one of its early pioneers. He was the father of twelve children, six of whom survive. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County in 1836. He was married in 1857 to Miss Margaiei Colabaken, a native of Germany, who died leaving two children. His present wife was Miss Barbara Klieber, was born in Union County, an I is a daughter of .John Klieber. This union has borne two children, both of whom are living. Mr. Blumenshine began the struggle of life witii nothing but a strong arm, a willing heart, and the energies of his nature. By close applicaiion and perseverance he has accumulated a handsome property and home. He settled 244 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. on his present estate in 1857, consisting of ninety-six acres, upon which is a commodious residence, and is rich and productive land. His living children are Annie, John, EflBe E. and Louis G. The family are connected with the German Lutheran Church. ADAM BROWN, deceased. This esteemed pioneer whose demise occurred after secur- ing tliis sketch, was born in Fayette County, Penn., September 2, 1813; he was the eld- est son of John and Martha (Clark) Brown, both of whom were natives of Fayette County, Penn. ; they were among the pioneers to Darby Township in the spring of 18o4, settling on the banks of the Big Darby ; the homestead purchase covered 256 acres, but subsequent additions in Darby and York Townships, gave him upward of 700 acres, 600 of which were within the boundaries of Darby Township. John Brown was one of the active men of his time, and figured extensively in the various settlements of the county. He died at his home during the Presiden- tial term of President Tyler. He raised a family of twelve children, two sons and three daughters of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was raised on the homestead farm, and on December 11, 1834, was married to Miss M*ry, daughter of John Jolly, who died in July, 1860, leaving one son, Andrew, whose sketch appears in this work. He was again married in October, 1861, to Mrs. Mary A. ]*rice, a widow of William Price, a native of Richland County Ohio, and a daughter of Samuel Berryhill, who was a Representative to the Legislature from that and surrounding counties, at the tirst session ever held at Columbus. He was among the early pioneers of the West, and a man of prominence and ability. Adam Brown occupied his cozy home at Union ville Center in 1867, where he resided until his death in the fall of 1882. He was a man of exemplary habits, refined character, and was widely known and highly esteemed throughout the county. For years he was connected with the Presbyterian Church at Milford Center, and in the distribution of his abundant means, he gave freely to benevolent pur- poses, assisting public enterprises and improvements ; with his death passed away a worthy citizen, a good father and devoted husband. A '(DREW BROWN, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born on the old homestead near Unionville in 1841. He is the only living child of Adam Brown, 2d. His farm, which em- braces the homestead, contains 115 acres. He was married in I860 to Nancy Valentine, a na- tive of Union County, and a daughter of James Valentine. Five children were born to them; of these four are living, viz.: Addie L., Fred F., Ruby W. and Laurena. Mattie is deceased. Mr. Brown filled the office of Assessor five years, and Land Appraiser one term — 1880. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is identified with the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery of the Masonic order. Politically, he is Democratic. H. A. CHAPMAN, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is a son of Abner and Relief (Baldwin) Chap- man, natives of Vermont. He, with his youngest brother, David, came on foot to this State in 1810, and located in Franklin County, Ohio, and the following year removed to this county and engaged in teaching school near Plain City, having taught tirst at his own house, and was the first educator in this whole section of country; he taught oft" and on for twenty years. During the time he was thus engaged, he done surveying, the most of which was performed in Logan County, Ohio. He also served in the capacity of Justice of the Peace, and was Captain at one time of a company of Home Guards. Six of his children grew to manhood and womanhood, but the following only are living: Annis, Samuel D. and II. Amasa. He died in 1864, at the age of seventy-four years. She died in 1878. In early life, he kept a hotel and sold whfsky, and, becoming imbued with the principles of temperance, he burst his barrels and let the vile stuff escape. Tiie subject of this sketch was born in Jerome Township in 1825. In 1862, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served till the close of the war. In 1852, he was married to Elizabeth H., daughter of Charles H. Chap- man, who bore him five children, two of whom are living, viz.: Darius A. and Fred F. Mrs. C. died in 18 — . His second marriage was celebrated April 16, 1868, to Elizabeth, daughter of John Wesley Hicks, who bore him two children, one living, viz.. Earnest. She died in Febru- ary, 1882. She was a graduate of Oberlin College, and taught school twenty-six years, having begun when only sixteen years old. She was an active worker in the church, and during the late war she labored incessantly for the comfort and welfare of our soldiers. Mr. C. and his deceased wife belonged to the Presbyterian Church, to which he has been connected many years. JASPER CONVERSE, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is a grandson of Squire Converse, and a son of Edwin G. and Louisa (Ketch) Converse. His father wan a native of Vermont, and came with his father to Ohio in an early day, settling in Madison County, where the Squire died. The subject of this sketch was born in Jerome Township, this county, in 1840; his par- ents died when he was eleven years of age, and he was put under the care of L. M. Fairbanks, by whom he was raised. When the call for troops was made in 1861, he enlisted in Company D, Eighteenth United States Infantry, regular service, in which he served until one month after the battle of Stone River. The regiment was then consolidated into battalions, and he was trans- ferred to Company F, First Battalion, in which he served the balance of his three years' term of enlistment. He participated in tbe battles of Stone River, Perryville, siege of Corinth, Win- chester, Tenn., Resaco., and. lastly, at Pumpkin Vine Creek, where he was taken sick and sent to the hospital, where he remained until the close of his term of service ; he was discharged near Jonesboro, Ga. In 1864, he married Melissi, a daughter of Perry Douglas, and a native DARBY TOWNSHIP. 246 of Madison County. To this union five children have been born, four now living, viz.: Perry, C, Elta M. and Ada I. Mr. Converse settled on his present farm of eighty-one acres in 1865, and has since made it his home. He had two brothers in the war; Henry G. enlisted in the same company and regiment, and died at Louisville while in the service ; Ammon P. enlisted in December, 1861, in the Forty-sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was in the battles at Shiloh and Vicksburg, and with Sherman in the march to the sea. He suffered from sickness, but remained with his command until the close of his term of service. CALEB H. CONVERSE, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center. Rev. Jeremiah Converse, the grandparent of Caleb, was a native of New Hampshire. He joined the Colonial army when sixteen years of age, and was sent out with a company of scouts who were decoyed by the Indians, and but three of the command returned. He was wounded in the shoulder, but es- caped, and soon after the close of the war in 1814 moved with his family and settled on Darby Plains, in Madison County, Ohio. He was a cripple for life from the wound, but lived to attain the advanced age of eighty-two years, dying in 1837. Parley Converse, father of Caleb, was the second son, born in Vermont. He was a minuteman drafted in the war of 1812, but did not serve. He was a mechanic, and held the office of Justice of the Peace many years. His wife, whose maiden name was Arpe Hemenway, was a native of Vermont, who bore him five children, all of whom lived to maturity. They occupied a pioneer home in Madison County, in 1819, when she died in 1828. His death occurred at the home of his son Caleb, in this county, and was in eighty-sixth year of his age. The subject of this sketch was born in Addi- son County, Vt., in 1810. He was married in 1830 to INIiss Lovica L. Ketch, a native of Madison County, Ohio. After his removal to Union County, he settled in Champaign County, but returned in 1846 and occupied his present estate consisting of 227 acres, valued at $65 per acre. He was Justice of the Peace for a time, and served the county as Clerk and Treasurer in its primitive days Seven children born to him, are all living, viz.: Nathan W., Obel B., Sarah, wife of G. D. ^Mitchell ; Orson P. and John L., both served in the Union army during the rebellion; Bushrod W., and Orinda J., wife of Elon Smith. Family are connected with the M. E. Church of Unionville Center. S. M. DOCKUM, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is a grandson of James C and Polly Dockum, natives of New Hampshire, from which point they entered Canada, and were residents of Dun- ham ten years. In 1813, they moved and settled on the Little Darby in this township; thence to Madison County, Ohio, where he founded a home on Barron Run and passed the remainder of life's journey, dying in the seventy-second year of his age. The subject of this sketch was born in Madison County, Ohio, August 7, 1840, and is the seventh son of James and Betsy (Clement) Dockum. His father was first married to Miss Phebe, daughter of Jacob Jones, April 15, 1819; she died July 29, 1822, aged twenty-two years. Three children, the fruits of this union, are all deceased. His second marriage was to Miss Betsy Clement, which occurred April 13, 1826; eight sons were born to this union, three of whom are living, viz.: Maskel, Marium and Lester. Mr. Dockum was reared on the homestead farm and has always followed thht occupa- tion. He served in the three months' call for volunteers in 1862, enlisting in Company E, Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was married in 1865, to Miss Maggie, daughter of David Sager, and a native of Darby Township. Mr. Dockum is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and a representative branch of one of the oldest and respected families, Minnie is their only living child. LESTER A. DOCKUM, merchant, Unionville Center, is a grandson of James C. and Polly Dockum, natives of New Hampshire, from which point they entered Canada, where they resided until 1813, when they moved and occupied a pioneer home on the Little Darby in this township; subsequently he moved to Madison County, where he lived to the close of his life, aged seventy- two years. The subject of this sketch was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1845, and is a son of James and Betsy (Clement) Dockum, natives of Vermont and New York respectively. Mr. Dockum was reared on the homestead. He served the three months' call for volunteers in the Union army, enlisting in Company K, One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in 1862, but the regiment did not go into active service until 1864. He was married in 1866 to Miss Hattie V., daughter of John Hussell, and a native of this county. In 1879, Mr. Dockum succeeded Fouke & Co., in a general stock of goods at Unionville Center, where he has since been actively engaged, and is conducting a good trade. He carries a complete stock of goods, and is widely and favorably known. He is a member of the City Council, the Masonic fratern- ity, and politically is a thorough Republican. His living children are Ettie B. and Adelbert H. JOHN DOUGLASS, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is the youngest son of David, Jr., and Sarah (Mathews) Douglass, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Kentucky, where they were married. He, David, Jr.. was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his father, David, served in the Revolutionary war. Father and son were early settlers of Madison County, where they raised families and died. David, Jr., raised a family of twelve children, all but one of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was born in Madison County, Ohio, in April, 1830. He was raised on the homestead farm, and was married in his native county to Miss Anna Converse March 9, 1852. She was born in Madison County, Ohio, July 27, 1830. Her 246 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. father, Charles Converse, was born January 22, 1794, and died in Madison County, Ohio, Oc- tober 3, 1879. His wife, Phebe, (Norton) Converse, was born December 10, 1808, and died January 14, 1870. John and Anna Douglass had born to them four children, two of whom are living, viz.: Emma J., wife of L. H. Miller, and David M. Mr. Douglass settled on his present farm in 1858, at that time consisting of ninety-seven acres, covered with a dense wood. Tiiis land he has worked energetically in clearing, and now has a fine farm of 10 i acres, valued at $65 per acre, the original purchase being $12^ per acre. Mr. Douglass enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guards, three months' service, in 1864, and served the call. The Douglas family are noted for longevity and robust constitution. They are among the oldest pioneer families of the county, and are members of the Church Uni- versal at Plain City. JOHN M. EIRICH, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Darby Township, Union County, in 1887, and is the oldest son of his parents born in this county. His f ither's name was George, and his mother's maiden name was Barbara Rupprecht, and both were natives of Germany. He was born in Bavaria, where he was married, and with his wife and five children embarked to the United States in 1887, and made a temporary location in this township, where he resided through the winter, and in the spring of 1888 purchased the farm now occupied by his son, the subject of our sketch, then consisting of eighty acres. During the latter year he erected a log house, and occupied the premises in the spring of 1889. He resided upon the farm during his life, and raised on the homestead farm two children, our subject and a younger brother, Goit- lieo, who resides in Van Wert County, Ohio His father died in 1817. He was a consistent church member all his life, and a worthy and esteemed citizen. The wife and widow who sur- vives him is residing with her children in the eighty-sixth year of her age. Subsequent addi- tions to the homestead ftirm has increased it 150 acres. The subject of this sketch was brought up on the homestead farm, and was married in 1866 to Miss Caroline Burger, a native of Marion County, Ohio. To this union three children have been born, all of whom are living, viz,: John v., Mary B. and Emanuel P. Mr. E. has filled the office of Assessor two years, and Township Trustee two years, and prior to his marriage engaged in teaching district school for four consec- utive winters, from which time he has been an invalid, after a severe attack of typhus fever. This has prohibited him from labor, and confined him to his home. He has always been con- nected with the Lutheran Caurch, and an officer of the church here for some time. L. .M. FAIRBANKS, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, came to this State in 1887. He was born in Windsor County, Vt., in 1824, and is ason of Luther and Lucy (Lewis) Fairbanks, both natives of that State. They came to Ohio at the date above written, and settled on the Darby, in Union Township. Luther was a farmer, and worked at farming some years, after which he re- turned to Massachusetts and remained six or eight years, but subsequently returned to Ohio, and died at the residence of his son at the age of seventy-six years. His wife preceded him to the grave. The subject of this sketch was raised on the homestead farm in Union Township, and afterward returned to the Eastern States and remained three or four years. He then settled on his present farm of 220 acres of valuable and productive land. He followed his trade of wagon-maker from 1844 to 1850, in Union Township. He is largely engaged in stock and grain dealing at the present time; has been Trustee of the township, and a member of the Agricult- ural Board eight years. He is one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of the county, and in politics a Republican. In 1846, he married Miss Mary A. Smith, a native of New York State, a history of whose ancestry is hereto appended. This union was blest with ten children, of whom seven survive, viz. : Charles W., Luther M., William D., Newton H., Jennie, Nellie and Harry. WILLIAM DE FOREST SMITH and family settled on the Darby Plains, four miles south of Milford, in 1835. He and a brother-in-law. Dr. Benjamin Davenport — a famous physician, still held in grateful remembrance by old residents of Union ami Champaign Counties — started from Columbia County, State of New York, early in 1834, for the West. Not having determined on the location, the families of the two young men were left in charge of Mr. Smith at Wilkesbarre, in the picturesque valley of Lehigh, while Dr. Davenport surveyed the promised land. He selected the Darby Plains, where cousins of his, James Miller and the Culvers, were already residing on ex- tensive farms. The next year the families followed, crossing the mountains in wagons, the only mode of conveyance in those times. Here Mr. Smith opened a carriage shop, and in later years added to the diversity of his employment by farming. Besides the land on the plains, he pur- chased jointly with his son-in-law, L. M. Fairbanks, a farm cut out of the Virginia military tract on the Big Darby, near the Madison County line. William De Forest Smith was born in Litchfield County, Conn., April 3, 1805. He was a de- scendent of the Rev. Henry Smith, a Congregational clergyman, active in affairs in tlie early times of that colony. His grandfather. Bethel Smith, a farmer, who resided at Kent, on the Housatonic River, was born in 1728, and lived to be about a century old. His lather, Lyman Smith, also a farmer, married Elizabeth De Forest. Soon after his birth his mother died, and Lyman went to the Green River Valley, Columbia County, N. Y., where he had a farm, to reside. He survived his wife onlyabjut five years, dying at the early age of thirty. The orphan child William was sent to live with an uncle near Great Barrington, Mass., where he was educated and instructed a3 a mechanic. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 247 William De Forest Smith married a daughter of Deacon Story Gott, of Green River — Almira Gott, who was born May 21, 1809. The Gott family is also one of the oldest of the Connecticut families. Story Gott was a direct descendant of the Daniel Gott who was among the emigrants who arrived in New England prior to 1690, and settled in the valley of the Connecticut. The family was Dutch, and had been driven out of the Netherlands by Spanish Catholic persecutions; and again left England to seek perfect religious freedom in America. Story Gott, the father of Almira Gott, served as a Lieutenant throughout the Revolutionary war, thus testifying the will- ingness of the blood to fight for civil as well as religious liberty. After the close of the war, he built a residence on a farm he owned in the Green River Valley, midway between Green River and Spencertown, where he raised a large family, and was known to be as zealous a Presbyterian and Freemason as he had been a soldier. The family were Federalist, then VVhig, and then Re- publican in politics, and very active. Story Gott's brother Daniel was a Member of Congress, and for many years a Judge of the Court of Appeals. Both of the brothers were personal friends as well as political associates of Horace Greeley. William De Forest Smith died in October, 1849. Almira, his wife, survived him about twelve years. They were buried in the cemetery at Mil ford. The children of William De Forest and Almira Gott Smith who survive, are A.un Elizabeth, born 1828; Mary Adelaide, born 1829 ; Charles Warren, born 1831 ; William Henry, born 1833 ; and Celia J., born 1841. All are married and have families of their own. The eldest daughter married W. W. Norton ; the second, L. M. Fairbanks, and the third, Clark Ritchie. The elder son, C. W. Smith adopted and has followed the railroad business, and is to-day one of the most prominent and successful railroad oflBcers in the United States. He is the Gen- eral Manager of the Chesapeake and Ohio system which extends from Newport News at the confluence of the James River and Chesapeake Bay to Memphis, Tenn., and which is soon to be united with the Southern Pacific at Shreveport, La. His headquarters are at Richmond, Va. The second son, William Henry Smith, graduated at a Quaker College near Richmond, Ind., and adopted the profession of a journalist. When twenty-one years of age, he edited at Cin- cinnati a literary monthly called the Casket and Review, and a weekly called The Type of the Times. Subsequently he became connected with the daily press of Cincinnati, and when the war broke out was on the editorial staff of the Gazette. In 1863, he was invited by John Brough, Ohio's great war Governor, became his private secretary, and while holding that posi- tion was nominated and elected Secretary of State on the Union ticket in 1864, and was re- elected in 1866. He resigned this ofiice in January, 1868, to return to journalism. He estab- lished the Cincinnati Chronicle, and on that being merged into the Times, accepted the appoint- ment of General Manager of the Western Associated Press, the largest news organization in the world, with headquarters at Chicago. This was in January, 1870. When Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President, he appointed Mr. Smith Collector of Customs for the port of Chicago, whicli ofiice he held until after the death of President Garfield, when his commission having expired, he declined to permit his name to be used longer in connection with the ofiBce. Mr. Smith has written a great deal, his largest literary work being " The St. Clair Papers," two vol- umes, octavo, which covers the years of the Revolutionary war. Government under the Confeder- ation, and the Government of the Northwestern Territory before Ohio was admitted as a State. GEORGE FENNER, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, eldest son of Hezekiah and Lucinda (Kimball) Fenner, was born in Union County, in October, 1846 ; his grandfather, Benjamin Fenner, came to near Liverpool. Madison County, at an early day, and purchased a farm of sixty acres. The subject of this sketch was reared in Union County, and educated in the com- mon schools of his native place. In 1871, he was married to Celia Morse, daughter of Jason Morse. Mrs. Fenner died in 1874, and left one son — Alfred E. Mr. F. married for his second wife Alvira Bidwell, a native of this county, and a daughter of Addison Bidwell, an early set- tler of the county. Two children were born to this union — Howard N. and Oscar A. Mr. Fen ner settled on his present farm in 1871, and is engaged in agriculture and stock-raising. His farm contains 121 acres of land, valued at $75 per acre. A. J. FERGUSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born in Lancaster County, Penn., June 17, 1827, and is a son of William and Anna (Robbins) Ferguson. He was born in Scot- land and she in New Jersey ; he died in Peunsylvania in 1844. The widow with her eldest son, Wesley, came to this county in 1855 ; she died May 18, 1862. Our subject purchased his pres- ent estate in 1858. January 1, 1854, he was married to Eleanor, daughter of John and Marga- ret Jolly, who has borne him eight children, six of whom are living — Elton W., Andrew, Mc- Clellan, Mertie, Hattie M. and Nettie. April 25, 1861, Mr. Ferguson enlisted in Company F, Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry — three months' service ; he re-enlisted November 21, 1861, in Company K, Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served three years and one month. He passed through many of the hard-fought battles of the war, twenty-three in number ; he was promoted February 16, 1862, to Second Lieutenant, and again to the First Lieutenancy after the battle of Shiloh, and was made Captain of Company C after the battle of Jonesboro. He has served in the capacity of Township Clerk for nearly twenty years, and assessed the township in 1880, and the same year took the census of Darby Township. In 1870, he was a land appraiser; he is also a member of the order of Free and Accepted Masons, and also of the Grand Army of the Republic, of which latter he is a Vice Commandant. 248 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. JOHN GUY, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is a son of James and Mary (Carey) Guy, and a grandson of Jacob and Hannah (Bean) Guy, who was born in Caledonia County, Vt. He re- moved to Canada in which he lived till the war of 1812, when he returned to the States and set- tled in Franklin County, Ohio, and some years later he returned to Canada, where his wile died ; he afterward returned and died in Madison County, Ohio. James Guy was born in Vermont, and his wife in Madison County, Ohio. He settled in this county in 1845, and afterward dealt largely in stock. Nine children were born to them, eight of whom are living — Ann, Rhoda, Harriet, Mary, John, James H., Marshall P. and Lucy ; Eliza M., the oldest, deceased. Our subject enlisted in 1863, in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, one hundred day service. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. MARSHALL P. GUY, farmer, P. O. Plain City, was born in 1845, on the old homestead farm in Darby Township, upon whicii he has always resided. The original purchase of 146 acres has received subsequent additions, and now consists of 552 acres, of which he owns one- half. He was raised as a farmer, and in 1872 married Miss Rosa Bldwell, a daughter of Addison and Mary A. Bidwell, early pioneers of this township, where she was born and raised. This union has been blest with four children, three surviving, viz.: Alice, Rodney and Effie. During the rebellion Mr. Guy served as a private in 1864, in the one hundred days' service, with Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guards. He is a believer in the doctrine of universal salvation and a member of the Universalist Church at Plain City. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity and one of the substantial freeholders of this township. WARREN HARRIS, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is the youngest son of Ganet and Sarah (Orr) Harris, and was born in Darby Township, Union County, in 1836. He was raised on the homestead farm in this township, and resided at home until after his marriage, which occurred in March, 1855, to Miss Eliza A. McNier, a native of this county and a daugliter of John and Lydia McNier, early pioneers of this county. To this union four children have been born, all of whom are living — Mary S., wife of Charles H. Adams, resides in this township ; Sarah J., wife of Albert Adams, resides in the county ; Isaac W. and John E., both residing at home. Mr. Harris settled on his present farm, consisting of seventy-five and one-third acres, in February, 1879. He has always made L'nion County his home, and is connected with the Christian Church, and is one of the relics of the old and early pioneers of the count}-. S. B. HOLYCROSS is a son of David and Phoebe Fenner Holycross, natives Virginia and Rhode Island, respectively, who settled in this county when they were married. Nine children were born to them, seven of whom are living. One son. Perry, enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga and subsequently died in a hospital. The subject of this sketch is the oldest son, and was born in Madison County, Ohio, in 1838. He served in the one hundred days' service in the One Hun- dred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards. HIRAM KENT, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is 'he fourth child of Silas and Olive (West) Kent, natives of New Jersey and Connecticut, respectively, who came to Ohio in 1807 and located in Franklin County, where they were among the early pioneers. Our subject was born in Franklin County, in 1807, about three months after his family arrived at their Western home. The family subsequently removed to Greene County, and from thei-e to Montgomery County, where they remained until Hiram attained the age of thirteen years, when they moved to Madison County and settled on Darby Plains. They subsequently moved to Union County and settled on the farm now owned by George Caldwell, which they afterward sold, and purchased in the same township another farm, upon which the fiither passed the rest of his life, dying in the fifty-sixth year of his age. His wife afterwai-d moved to Appanoose County, Iowa, where she died. They raised a family of thirteen children, seven of whom are living. He was a man of quiet, unostentatious habits, who had no aspirations for political honors and gave his entire time to the pursuits of private life. The subject of this sketch remained at home until April 16, 1829, when he was married, on the home place, by Rev. Samuel Bradford, to Miss Miranda Harrington, who was born at East Montpelier, Vt., November 8, 1807. To them were born seven children, of whom two survive, viz.: Cicero and Lucinda. The former married Margaret J. Moffard and has five children, three sons and two daughters. The latter is the wife of E. W. Barlow. Mr. Kent settled on the farm now occupied by him in 1838. It consists of 162 acres of valuable land. His advantages for education in early life were limited, and the substance of which he is now possessed has been acquired by his own energy, economy and perseverance. He is a thorough Republican in politics, and for thirty years has been a member of the Masonic order. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli. JOHN F. KILBURY, farmer. P. 0. Plain City, was born in Canaan Township, :\ladison County, Ohio, in 1834, and is a son of Thomas and Martha (Finch) Kilbury, both natives of Ver- mont, who joined the pioneer settlements of Madison County at an early time. His wife died after bearing him eight children, seven of whom survive. He was again united to Mrs. Polly Somers, widow of James Somers, by whom he had five children. Three by this union are living, and the respected and aged pioneer is at this time, 1882, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. The subject of this sketch was reared on the homestead, and when nearly of age moved to Frank- ,^^-u,^-t.ll^ DARBY TOWNSHIP. 2.'^! lin County, Ohio, where he was married December, 1856, to Miss Lydia A., daughter of Jona- than Norton, a native of Franklin County. Three years afterward, he returned to Madison County, and in 1866 purchased the land of his present farm, seventy acres, upon which he set- tled, and has since made it his home. He is connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church of Plain City, and has a family of seven children, all of whom are living, viz.: George E., Delia .J., Laura, Annette, John S., Jamfs S. and Charles F. ASA KILBURY, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is a son of Richard and Obediana (Baldwin) Kil- bury, natives of Vermont, who came to this county in 1814. He (Richard) was a son of John Kilbury, a native of England, who served seven years in the British Navy. He was set at lib- erty on the American shore, and settled in the above^State, where he died. Richard settled in Darby Township, Madison County, Ohio, where he lived many years. He died at the age of ninety years (nearly). He was a smith by trade. Our subject was born June 24, 1806. He was married March 18, 1832, to Ruth Clark, who bore him nine children, of whom five are liv- ing, viz.: James, Robert, Mortimer, Dunbar and Solomon H. Mr. K. settled on his present es- tate, which consists of 192 acres, in 1863. He is one of the intelligent and enterprising citizens of the county, and in every respect a progressive man. He is an exemplary member of the Christian Church and a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. JOHN KNOCK, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born in England in 1819, and in 1840 emigrated to this country with a brother Joseph, vshose whereabouts is unknown. He located first in Summit County, Ohio, and afterward removed to this county in which he lived fourteen months ; he then resided in various places until 1852, when he located in Union County. He now owns 156 acres of good land. He was married in 1846, to Grace Morrison, who has borne him five children, four of whom are living, viz.: Herman J., Adelia J., deceased, Mary L., Ma- nila G. and Charles M. He has served in the capacity of Trustee and Justice of the Peace. On his land is a magnetic spring which flows continually. J. P. MARTIN, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Darby Township October 2, 1836. His parents, James and Edith (Penrose) Martin, were natives of Lancaster County, Penn. They came to Union County in a wagon, arriving in Darby Township, in September, 1835. Mr. Martin erected a log house on the site of our subject's present residence, and is still living, in the seventy-eighth year of his age. He reared a family of six children, of whom four are now living. Our subject is the only son. He was reared on the homestead and educated in the schools of his native place, and Otterbein University. In September, 1869, he removed to his present location. In the second year of the rebellion, Mr. Martin enlisted in Company D, For- tieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served three months, and was discharged by an act of the War Department. He re-enlisted in November, 1862, in Ohio Cavalry, and served till the close of the war. He was subsequently employed in the mustering service at Louisville, Ky. At the termination of this military service, he returned home, and November, 1867, was married to Miss Harriet, daughter of Frederick Sager. Two children were the fruits of this union — James H. and Jasper M. Mrs. Martin was reared to womanhood in Darby Township, and educated in the Female Department of the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which institution she graduated in June, 1867. Mr. Martin finished his course in the Otterbein Uni- versity, in June, 1861, and ever since has displayed an active interest in educational affairs. JAMES MARTIN, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, an old and respected pioneer of Union County, was born in Lancaster County, Penn., in 1805. His parents, Jonathan and Keziah (Irwin) Martin, were natives of Lancaster County, and of Irish ancestry. Mr. Martin passed his youth and early manhood on his father's farm, and has always followed that avocation. In 1833, he came on horseback to Union County, occupying eleven days in the trip. He purchaset^L the homestead, and returned to Pennsylvania, and the following year moved with his family to this county, making the journey in a wagon in seventeen days. Mr. Martin bought 150 acres of woodland, for which he paid $10 an acre, the highest rate at which land was selling. Mr. Martin cleared and well improved his farm, and has been engaged in the pursuits of agriculture and stock-raising. In 1832, he was married to Miss Edith Penrose, by whom he has h;ul six children; of these four are living, viz., Joseph; Belle, wife of Joseph Woods; Maria, wnfe of James Anderson; and . Mr. Martin has always resided on the homestead farm, which he has increased to 230 acres. He is connected with the Presbyterian Church of Milford Center, and is a highly esteemed citizen. JAMES McCLOUD, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, is a grandson of Thomas McCloud, a native of Vermont, who with two brothers, Charles and David, came to the West and settled on Darby Plains, this county and township, in 1810, and were among its earliest pioneers. The subject of this sketch was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1833. His parents, John and Laura (Tinkham) McCloud, were natives of Delaware County and Vermont, respectively. They settled in Madison County in 1853. Two years later they moved to Whitley County, Ind., thence to Miami County, and to Union County, Ohio, in 1850, and settled on a farm in Union Township. His death occurred at Unionville Center, January 19, 1872. His wife, who sur- vives, is in the seventy-first year of her age. James McCloud was married in 1854 to Miss Malinda, daughter of Jeremiah Converse, a pioneer family of Madison County, where she was born. This union has produced six children, three of whom are living, viz., Jeremiah B., Nina 252 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY, R. and Mamie M. Mr. McCloud served the three months' call for troops during the rebellion, in the ranks of Cumpany H, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guard, and suffered by sickness nearly the whole time of service. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church or Louis Chapel of Chuckery. DAVID McCLOUD, farmer. P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Adams County, Ohio, in April, 1838, and is a son of John McCloud, a native of Ohio, and Laura Tinkham, his wife. The latter was born at Barre, Vt., and when six years of age came to the West with her parents, Isaac and Cynthia (Snow) Tinkham, who settled north of Worthington, Franklin County. Mrs. Tinkham died near Columhus, and he afterward married again and moved to Indiana, where he died. .John and Laura McCloud had ten children that reached their majority, of whom seven are now living, our subject being the fourth son. His maternal grandfather was a native of Vermont, and a soldier in the war of Independence. The McCloud family moved to Delaware County, Ohio, thence to Madison County, thence to Indiana, thence, in 1859, to this county, and our subject located on his present farm in 1872. In July, 18G1, he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, ami served until the close of the war, being at that time a Corporal. He participated in the siege of Vicksburg and at, Atlanta, in the latter engagement receiving a flesh wound in the arm, on account of which he received a thirty-days' furlough. Returning to his regiment, he served under Sherman in his march to the sea. About the time of Hood's raid, he was retiring to the right and joined his command at Marietta, Ga. He took part in the Graml Review at Washington, and was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in August, 1865. On November 16, 1870, he married Miss Clara J. Morse, a daughter of Ray G. Morse, an I by her has had four children, two living, viz.. Mertie A. and Laura B. Mr. McCloud is a Republican in politics, and the owner of eighty-eight acres of valuable and productive land. J. C. McCLOUD, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1829, and is a son of Thomas and Lovina (Cummings) McCloud; the former a native of New Hampshire, and the latter of Maryland. His father, with Benjamin Tinkham, were among the early pioneers of Union County. Thomas and wife subsequently removed to Delaware County, Ohio, where they both died. The subject of this sketch was married in 1862, to Melissa, youngest living daughter of Benjamin Tinkham. One child, Tina, the only living of this union. Mr. McCloud served the 100-days' call during the rebellion in Company K, One Hundred and Sixth Ohio National Guard, and has always made farming his profession. His home is the original farm selected by Benjamin Tinkham, where he passed the years of his life. Mr. and Mrs. McCloud are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are- descendants of Union County's oldest and respected pioneers. THOMAS C. McDowell, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, is a grandson of John McDowell, and a son of William G. McDowell, and Rebecca Paris, his wife. John and William G. Mc- Dowell were natives of Pennsylvania, who came to this county at an early day, and settled on a farm of eighty acres in Union Township. To this farm William G. afterward made additions, un- til, at his death, in 1855, it consisted of oliO acres. He was an extensive farmer, and one of the leading stock dealers in the county, and gave his entire attention to these two branches of industry. His widow is still living, and is now in the sixty-seventh year of her age. They raised a family of seven children, four boys and three gitls, of whom five are now living, our subject being the sec- ond son of the family. He was born on the homestead farm in 1843, and in August, 1861, enlisted in Company B, Thirty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, a term of three years and eleven months. He participated in the battles of Harper's Ferry, Cham- pion Hills and siege of Vicksburg. remaining at the latter place until February, when the regiment re-enlisted. After a thirty days' scout, the command went to Meridian, Miss., where they re- ceived a thirty days' furlough and returned home. After the expiration of their leave of absence, they returned to Memphis, crossed Tennessee and joined Sherman's army, at Shanty Station, Ga. Mr. McDowell served at the battles of INIarietta, Kenesaw Mountain and Atlanta, Feb- ruary 22, where he was taken prisoner, and after sixty days in Andersonville, was released on a special exchange between Sherman and Hood, returning to his command ; and he was in Sher- man's march at the sea, and at the battle of Raleigh, N. C, where he witnessed the surrender of the rebel Gen. Lee. He afterward took part in the grand review, and was mustered out of the service at Louisville, Ky., July 25, 1865. After he returned to civil life he remained at home, where he was married in 1869, to Emily Mitchell, a daughter of J. Mitchell, and a native of this county. To this union five chil iren were born, three surviving, viz.: Eddie M., Effie L. and Lulrella. Mr. McDowell is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Ex-Prison- ers' Association of Columbus. He is a member of the United Presbyterian Church at Unionville, and a Republican in politics. J. C. MITCHELL, farmer, P. O. Unionville Center. The Mitchell family are largely repre- sented in Union County, the descendants of whom were of Pennsylvania stock. The grand parent, Samuel, with a colony of four families, was the first to found a settlement on the Darby in this county, in 1799, where they raised families and died. David Mitchell, the father of our sub- ject, was born in York County, Penn., April 30, 1 760, and was one of four children, who passed a portion of their lives in this county, where he died January 28, 1826. His first wife, Miss Han- nah Black, was born in August, 1764, and died September 20, 1823, and were the parents of DARBY TOWNSHIP. 253 thirteen children. His second marriage was to Miss Rebecca Nelson, February 26, 1824. She died October 9, 182i. He returned to his native place in Pennsylvania, where he was again married October 6, 1825, to Miss Hannah, daughter of John Caldwell, of York County, Penn. David Mitchell served as Justice of the Peace all his life, and married thirty-two couple in Union County. He was one of the first Associate Judges of the county, and for years an Elder of the Presbyterian Church. His counsel was sought in all public affairs; he was a father to the poor, and in death left an honored and cherished name. The subject of ibis sketch is the only living representative of this family, and was born in Darby Township, in 1826. He was m.irried Au- gust \i6, 1852, to Miss Nancy J., a daughter of Samuel McCul ough. This union has been blest with six children, four of whom are living, viz.: Lucinda A., wife of William Markly ; Emma J., wife of J. B Galloway, who reside on the homestead; Samuel M. and David A. Mr. M. has always lived a quiet, unostentatious life on the homestead, surrounded by his children and grau'lcbildren. In 1876, after a visit to the centennial at Philadelphia, Penn , be gradually lost his eyesight, and became totally blind ; yet he is of so and health, and his keea sense of bearing, combined with qualities of the head and heart, make him a pleasing companion. He numbers among tho-fe of tlie oldest born settlers of the county. DANIEL MITCHELL, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center. The grandparents of Daniel, Da- vid anil Martha Mitchell, were among the earliest pilgrims of Union County. He purchased and settled on oOO acres of land in Darby Township, where they both died. The subject of this sketch was born in Darby Township, Union County, in 1817. His parents; Moses and Jennie (Taylor) Mitchell, were natives of Pennsylvania, and located with ttie family in this township, where they passed the remaining years of their lives. They raised a family of ten children, six of whom survive. Our subject is the oldest living of the children, and was married in 1842 to Miss Sarah Marquis, a native of Madison County. This union has produced four children, viz.: Edward, Cinthia, Hattie and Frank. Mr. Mitchell occupied his present estate in 1846, consisting of 217 acres. He is a practical farmer, and politically is a Douglas Democrat of the old Jacksonian school. DAVID MITCHELL, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is a grandson of David Mitchell, who was a native of Pennsylvania, and a son of Moses and Jane (Taylor) Mitchell. His father was also born in Pennsylvania, and came West with his parents in 1812, and settled on land now owned by John Mitchell. He had a family of six children by his first wife, and by his second wife, Jemima Cartright, had a like number. He died at the age of eighty-one years, in 1863. Our subject was mirried in 1851 to M^ss Elizabeth Winfield, by whom he had eight children, seven of whom are living, viz.: M iry J., Arvilla, Fannie, Alice, Mattie, Rosa and Scott. JOSEPH MORSE, farmer. P. 0. Milford Center, is a son of Ray G. Morse, and was born in Union Township in 1837. He was married in 1872 to Elizabeth, daughter J. S. Taylor, of Madison County, Ohio, by whom he has had one child, viz., Sadie. Mr. Morse enlisted in 1862 in Company E, Eighty-sixth Regiment, in which he served four months. He owns ninety-two acres of laud, valued at $1U0 per acre. Politically he is Republican, and, besides, is one of the enterprising farmers of the county. VV. F. H. PENNINGTON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born in Champ.aign County in 1832 He is a son of Thomas and Ann E. (Holla way) Pennington. His father and parents removed and settled near Hillsboro, Ohio ; his grandfather subsequently removed to Milton, Ind., where he died. Thomas and Ann E. Pennington moved to Clark County, and afterward to Champaign Couaty. In 1842, they went to Madison County, and in 1854 to Williams County, where Mr. Pennington died in 1864. Mrs. Pennington resides in that county, in the seventy-sixth year of her age. They reare'd a family of twelve children, seven of whom are living at the present time. The subject whose name heads this sketch is the fourth child. He came to Union County in 1860, and taught school the two succeeding years. May 2, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards, and served till August 30, when he was honorably discharged. Returning home he resumed farm- ing and teaching. December 25, 1865, he was married to Harriet R., daughter of Michael Sager, and a native of Union County.. Mr. Pennington owns a good farm and is engaged in the pursuit of agriculiure. Mr. Pennington is a member of the Methodist Episcopal CHurch. He is also connected with the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery of the Masonic order. Po- litically, he is a Republican. He has served his township in the capacity of Trustee and various other local oflices. PHILIP RAUSCH, farmer, P.O. Marysville, a prominent German farmer of Union County, was born in Frederickstown, Md., November 24, 1831. He is a son of George and Catharine (Blumenshine) Rausch, who emigrated from Germany in 1830 and settled in Maryland, re- moving to Darby Township in April, 1832, where Mr. Rausch died August 17, 1862. Philip is the third of a family of ten children, of whom eight are living. When twenty years of age, he started out working by the month, and followed this employment three years at wages from $10 a month to 50 cents a day. In 1854, he bought 100 acres in Darby Township, and the following fall erected his home, burning the brick himself. He made subsequent additions to the original purchase till his farm now contains 640 acres of well improved and highly cultivated land. Mr. 254 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. -^ Rausch celebrated his marriage April 15, 1855, with Miss Barbara, daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Grace, who was born in Germany, November 10, 1834. Thirteen children were born to bless this union ; of these twelve are living, viz.: John A. W.; Catharine, wife of Martin Ruprite ; Casper ; Lena ; Mary ; Emanuel ; Charlie ; Michael ; Willie ; Anna ; Dora and Caro- line. Philip died, aged twelve years. Mr. Rausch started in life without a dollar, but by his industry and excellent business management he achieved a large success. For the last twenty-six years he has been engaged in breeding and rearing draft horses, and keeping a high grade of cattle and hogs. Mr. and Mrs. Rausch are members of the Lutheran Church. In politics, Mr. Rausch is neutral, voting for the man and not the party. He served Darby Town- ship in the capacity of Trustee for ten years, and has also filled other local offices of minor im- portance. PETER RAUSCH, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Darby Township, on October 5, 1844, and is the seventh child of George and Catherine (Blumenshine) Rausch. She came to this township with her father, Peter Blumenshine, in 1830. He first settled on the land now owned by Philip Rausch, and died at the home of Casper Rausch in 18G2. Catherine Rausch is living with Casper to-day, in the seventy-eighth year of her age. The subject of this sketch was raised on the homestead farm, and was married in 18(J7 to Miss Doratha, a daughter of John Bunsold, an old settler of Darby Township. To this union seven children have beea born, all of whom are living — Catherine, Maggie, Annie, Philip, John L., Sophia and Lena. There was of George and Catherine Blumenshine' s family nine children born, eight of whom are living in this county. Mr. R. has filled the office of School Director two years, and is an officer in the Lutheran Church, of which the family are all members. BARNARD RAUSCH, Jr., farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Darby Township in September, 1845, and is the youngest son of George and Catherine (Blumenshine) Rausch, who emigrated to this county in 183U, and located in Maryland two years. He came to this county and settled in this township, where he resided until his death in 1862. The subject of this sketch was born and raised on the homestead farm, and was married in October, 1869, to Miss Catherine Bun- sold, daughter of John Bunsold ; she is anative of this county. To this union six children were born — John, Lillie, Etta, Richey, Clara, and Mary, deceased. Mr. R. settled on his present farm in the same year of his marriage. The farm consists of 112 acres, where he has since made his home. He and family are connected with the Lutheran Church, and he numbers among the enterprising and active farmers of Darby Township. Si^MUEL ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Plain City. This distinguished pioneer, whose por- trait appears in this volume, is a son of James and .Jane (Morrison) Robinson, of York County, Penn. He (James), with a brother Samuel, left their home in Pennsylvania and journeyed to Tennessee, to meet Lucas SuUivant, the original proprietor of a large tract of land, now embraced in the limits of Darby Township. Securing the company of Mr. SuUivant, the trio started on the journey to Union County, traveling six weeks through an unbroken wilderness, and never meeting the face of a white person. Reaching their destination in the spring of 1800, the brothex-s purchased 600 acres of land. Clearing a spot and planting the first crop, James re- turned to his native place where he was married in 1801, and returned in 1805 with his bride, to his cabin home in the wilderness. Here they Jived, rejoiced and sorrowed to the end of life's journey. They were the parents of eight children, four of whom are living to perpetuate their honored name. William, the eldest, is one of the oldest born and living pioneers of the county ; James, a resident of Jerome Township ; Samuel and Annie. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead farm in Darby Township, November 18, 1814. He was married January 19, 1841, to Miss Nancy, a daughter of James A. and Phebe Curry, and a sister of John Curry. She was a native of Jerome Township, Union County, where her birth occurred January 19, 1822, and died April 10, 1865, the mother of eight children, six of whom are living — James I. ; Viana, wife of John McCulJough ; Eldridge, Otway C, Phebe and Addison. His second mar- riage to Miss Jennie Kincaid, a Virginian, occurred December 29, 1876. This union has been blest with three children, all of whom are growing into life amid the cultivated and productive scenes cleared by the hand of their forefathers. Their names are Josephine, Inez, and one not yet christened. Mr. R. settled on a farm of 317 acres, which his father subsequently jjurchased, where he has since made it his home. He is a man of quiet, unostentatious habits, fond of home, a good neighbor, an honored and esteemed citizen. S. D. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center. This respected pioneer is a son of Samuel Robinson, a native of York County, Penn., who, migrating to the West, purchased 400 acres of land on the plains of this township, and was one of the early pilgrims in th-^% county. In 1806, he located in Franklin County, Ohio, where he was married to Miss Martha Hunter. The first court of Franklin County was held at his home, where he became distinguished as an early settler. Returning to his estate in this county, he cleared the land, raised a family and died. He was an expert with the broad-ax, and with that instrument hewed out the coffin that contained the remains of Samuel McCuUough, who was the first person buried in Mitchell Cem- etery in this township in 1800. He was a good scholar, dignified in his appearance, and was the first to advocate the temperance cause, and organize the associate church, subsequently known as the United Presbyterian, in which he was an Elder for many years, and was a zeal- DARBY TOWNSHIP. 255 0U8 worker in religious exercises. The land of his adoption was purchased from the Virginia Military lands, a portion of which is occupied by his heirs. He raised a family of nine chil- dren, the eldest living of whom is Margaret, widow of Samuel McCullough, and was born in Franklinton, Franklin Co., Ohio, and at this time, 1882, is in the seventy-sixth year of her age. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead farm in 1816. At the age of twenty-four years, he settled upon his present farm of 185 acres, where he has since constantly resided. He was united in marriage in Greene County, Ohio, to Miss Ann F., daughter of William Pollock, and a native of Ross County, Ohio. This union has produced six children, five of whom are living, viz.: John S., eldest son, enlisted in the Union army on the call for 75,000 troops, in the Thir- teenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the regiment was re-organized for three years' service, re-enlisting in the Eighty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and serving the three months call ; William P. enlisted in 1863, in Company B, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving six months, and re-enlisting in Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He participated with the regiment in the battles of Atlanta, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, .Jonesboro, and with Sherman on his memorable march to the sea, thence at Owensboro, Bentonville and through the grand re- view at Washington, and was mustered out at Camp Denison in July, 1865 ; Samuel F. married Miss Kate Cole, a native of England, resides in Greenfield, Iowa, where he has been en- gaged in the mercantile trade for the past two years, where he is well established and favorably known ; Mary R., wife of William Avis, of this county, and OUie, residing on the homestead. Mr. R. is one of our oldest citizens. He is an officer in the Presbyterian Church at Unionville Center, and is widely and favorably known. W. H. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, a descendant of pioneer stock, and a son of Samuel, a native of York County, Penn., who migrating to the West, purchased 400 acres of land on the banks of the Big Darby. In 1806, he removed to Franklin County, where he was married to Miss Martha Hunter. Subsequently he returned to this county and settled on his purchase, where he reared a family and died. He was an expert with the broad ax, and hewed out the cofBn that contained the remains of Samuel McCullough, the first person buried in the Mitchel Cemetery in Darby Township. He was a good scholar and adherent of temperance, and one of the first organizers of the associate Presbyterian Church, and a man established in the hearts of all who knew him. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead January 14, 1822. His farm embraces 150 acres of the original farm. He was married in January, 1850, in Jerome Township, to Miss'Elizabeth McCampbell, a sister of J. T. McCampbell, and a native of this county. Six children born to this union are all living, viz.: James C., Mary J , wife of W. McDowell ; Rosa, wife of John Robinson ; Elinor, Frank and Mertie. The family are connected with the United Presbyterian Church of Unionville, and among the oldest and respected families of the county. J. C. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, is a son of George and Elizabeth (Clark- son) Robinson, both natives of Pennsylvania, where she died after raising a family of eight children, four of whom are living. He with his children came to the west in 1854, and settled on the Big Darby in this township, and was a resident of Darby until the close of his life in 1859. The subject of this sketch was born in York Township, Penn., in March, 1828. Farming has been his occupation through life, and by energy and perseverance has made success. He pur- chased thirty-six acres of his present farm at the close of the war, and with subsequent addi- tions now covers 135 acres upon which he has just completed and occupied a commodious and substantial residence. He served four months in the Union army during the rebellion, enlist- ing in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was married June 29, 1858, to Miss Amelia, daughter of a pioneer family, of Darby Township. This union has been blest with two children, one of whom is living, Lula R. The family are connected with the Presbyterian Church at Milford Center. D. M. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center, was born September 1, 1823. He is a son of John W. and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Robinson, and a grandson of James Robinson, one of the early pioneer settlers of Union County. Our subject was raised to manhood in his native place, and educated in the common schools of the county. In October, 1853, he was married to Miss Mary J. Valentine, daughter of James Valentine, and a native of Athens County, Ohio. They were blessed with five children, viz., John W., married Rosa Robinson ; Algernon N. ; D. Elmer; F. Scott and Mattie (deceased). Mr. Robinson and family are associated with the Presbyterian Church of Milford Center, of which he is an Elder. Mr. Robinson is a man of enterprise, and has been chosen to various local offices of honor and trust. He served as Trustee of Darby Township a number of terms, and in politics is a Republican. BENJAMIN L. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. Unionville Center. Tne subject of this sketch is a production of the third generation, the progenitors of whom have pioneered their settlement to their better and happier home. Alex, the grandparent, was among the first settlers to clear a spot, and erect a cabin in the limits of Union County. The exact time of his location is not definitely known. The parents of Benjamin, Alex, Jr., and Edith (Penrose) Robinson, were both natives of Union County, and were widely known and esteemed. Benjamin L., the young- est son, was born on the homestead in Darby Township, in 1859. He was married September 20, 256 • HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1881, to Miss Sarah, daughter of J. M. Andrews, of this township, of which she is a native. The following year he settled on his present home of eighteen acres, where he is industriously engaged. GEORGE 0. RUHL, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Darby Township, Union County, August 27, 1840, and is the youngest child of George and Annie E. (Cook) Ruhl, both natives of Germany, where they were married, and embarked to the United States in August, 1836. They located near Ilarrisburg, Penn., where they resided about three years, when they removed to this county, and settled in this township in 1839. He purchased land now occupied by George Mader's farm. He was a resident of this county during his life, and died November 7, 18S1, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. The widow and mother -yet survives with her children in Paris Township in the eightieth year of her age. They had born to them nine children, ftiur of whom are living in this county. The subject of this sketch was married, September 5, 18()7, to Miss Mary M., daughter of George Scheiderer. She is a native of this township and county. To this union seven children were born, five of whom are living, viz., .John S., Catherine, Fvuni- gunda, Mary and Lena. Mr. Ruhl has filled the office of Township Trustee for the past tliree years, and has been' one of the directors of the Lutheran Church, with which the family are connected. He purchased liis present farm in August, 1873, and settled on the same in the fall of the .same year. At that time the purchase was 121 acres, and he has since bought e-ghteen additional acres. This land is in a cultivated state, and very productive. Mr. Ruhl ranks as one of the enterprising and active farmers of tne county. MICHAEL SAGER, farmer, P. O. Unionville Center. The records of the Sager family go to show them to be of German descent. The grandparents, George and Elizabeth (Sheets) Sager, were nfltives of Loudoun County, Va., and settled on the homestead in Darby Township, near Unionville, in 1806. He was a pioneer physician of the early times, and was widely and favor- ably known. He raised a family of ten children, eight sons and two daughters. The subject of this sketch, whose portrait appears in this volume, was born on the homestead farm in 1817. His parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (Sandbower) Sager, were both natives of Virginia. Of the children born to this union, there are living, viz., Ann, wife of J. M. Andrews; Michael, and Sarah, wife of Gregory Hawley. Mr. Sager was married in 1840 to ^liss Mariet, daughter of Squire Deland, and a native of Vermont. This union has produced five children, but one of whom survives, viz., Harriet D., wife of W. F. H. Pennington, who resides on the homestead farm, at this time consisting of 200 acres. Two sons, George M. and Edwin, gave their sei vice and their livf s to their country's flag, in the ranks of the Union army during the late rebellion. George M. enlisted in the three-years call, August 11, 1861, in Company D, Fortieth Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, and had nearly served his time when, in an engagement near Kenesaw Mount- ain, Ga., he was shot through the right lung and shoulder-blade, and instantly killed. Edwin enlisted August 16, 1862, in Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and was shot through the right lung on the field of Chickamauga. September 20, 1863. He so far recovered as to rejoin the comi.and, and received a fatal shot at Kenesaw Mountain, from which he died. They were both buried on the field of battle, but afterward recovered and conveyed to their birthplace for interment. Mr. Sager is a descendant of one of Union's earliest settled families, and numbers among those of the oldest born pioneers. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is liighly esteemed by all who know him. JOHN M. SCHEIDERER, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Decem- ber 24, 1814. His parents, .lohn and Elizabeth Scheiderer, were also natives of Bavaria. Our sutiject is the oldest of seven children. In 1830, he came to America, and spent seven ,> ears working near Columbus, Ohio, at a salary of $12 per month. At the eud of this time, he had saved $600, and in 1843 purchased seventy acres in Darby Township, for which he paid $4 an acre. His purchase was located in woods, and he had to clear a site for a house, which he erected of logs. In 1865, he built a brick residence at a cost of $1,000. His farm now contains 175 acres, and is well improved. At one time he owned over 800 acres in Darby Township, which he divided among his children, leaving him a homestead of 175 acres. He was married April 1, 1843, to Eva Schroll, a daughter of Milford Schroll, who was born in Bivaria December 18, 1818. Of ten children born to them, eight are living, viz.: Casper G., .John P., Peter, Mag- dalena, wife of George Reuner ; Christopher; Barbara, wife of J. G. Nicol ; John G. and George P. George and .John IM. are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Scheiderer are members of the Lutheran Church. .Mr. S. is a Democrat. He was Trustee of Darby Township six years. JOHN P. SCHIDERER, farmer, P. 0. Marysville. was born in Darby Township, Union County, in 1845, and is the second son of John M. and Eva (Schroll) Schiderer. They were married at Columbus, Ohio. He emigrated to the United States at an early day, and after stop- ping in Columbus two years, selected his home in this township, where he yet resides. The sub- ject of this sketch was married May 4, 1871, to Miss Elizabeth Mader, daughter of George Mader, of this county. She is a native of this county. To this union five children were born, tliree boys and two girls, of whom four are living, two boys and two girls, viz.: .\ndrew, Casper, Barbara and Mary. He and his family are connected with the Lutheran Church of this township. He moved upon his pre.sent estate in 1871, after marriage, which he purchased of his father, consist- ing of 1j6; acres, which is among the most improved and valuable laud of this township. DARBY TOWNSHIP. 257 PETER SCHEIDERER, farmer, P. 0. iMarysville, was born on the old homestead in Darby Township in 1847. He is third son of John M. ana Eva (Schroll) Scheiderer. His early life was passed on the farm. September 7, 1873, he was married to Miss Mary Hupman, a native of Germany ; of five children born to them four are living — Lacarias. Elizabeth, Christopher and Magdalene. The same year of his marriage, Mr. Scheiderer settled on his present farm consisting of 149 acres. He also owns sixty-three acres adjoining; he and family are members of the Lutheran Church. JAMES S. SMITH, farmer, P. 0. Plain City. The paternal grandparents of the subject of this sketch were Samuel Smith and Sally Bailey, his wife. Samuel Smith was a son of James Smith and a native of Massachusetts. He was a member of the Methodist denomination, but after coming to Ohio, devoted his time largely to farming. During the Pievolutionary war, he was a Sergeant, and for three months was engaged in guarding the Hessians; he w;is also en- gaged for six months on Long Island, and at one lime, during the latter term of service, being detailed to watch the enemy from the top of a breastwork then being erected, he had 300 shot and shell fired at him by the red coats. He was the father of nine children, one of whom died at their home ia Vermont. In 1817, he came to the West and located on 637 acres of lanii in Darby Township, Madison County, which he purchased at $2 per acre. He brought with him seven children, three sons and four daughters, his eldest son having preceded him to the West. He afterward disposed of 237 acres of his land, retaining 400 acres, on which he continueil to live. His wife was a daughter of Joshua Bailey and Elizabeth Chase, his wife. James Smith, the father of our subject and a son of the above, was born in the woods at Berlin, Vt., Septem- ber 23, 1 793, and received very little schooling, by walking a mile through the woods to a school, then being taught by a woman, in a barn. At twenty years of age he came to Ohio with his father, but afterward returned to Vermont, and in 1820 married Lucy K. Jones, a native of that State, with whom he returned to his Ohio home. He had two children — Ira B., who died at the age of twenty-two years, and James S. In 1822 or 1823, he joined his brother John in the purchase of 200 acres of land, for which they paid $300. They continued together in their operations until they had 1,400 acres, and in 18-30 they divided their property, each taking half in value. James chose, the west half, and continued in possession of it until February, 1881. In 1874, he discovered a failing in his sight, caused by the growth of a citaract over the right eye, which in time atfected the other eye, and has resulted in almost total blindness. He makes his residence with his son, and now in the declining years of his life is tenderly cared for by the latter and his family. James S. Smith, whose name heads this sketch, was born at the old homestead in Darby Township, Madison County, August 9, 1823, and in 1850 came to his pres- ent place of residence. He owns 1,100 acres of land, part in Darby Township, Union County, and part in Darby Township, Madison County. On September 8, 1853. he married Miss Amanda Perry, a daughter of James and Susan (Lawrence) Perry, natives of Massachusetts, of English descent; stie was born at Plainfield, Vt., March 3, 1835. To this union four children have been born — Adeline T., born October 21, 1854; .\rchibald E., born January 11, 1859 ; Elmer Lawrerce, born January 29, IBGl, and died June 19, 1874, from injuries received by a kick of a horse, and Merton A., born July 5, 1866. The surviving children reside at the house of their parents. In 1862, Mr. Smith left his farm and took up his residence in Urbana, where he re- mained until 1867, when he returned to this farm, and has remained on it constantly sin,ce. E. C. SMITH, Jr., farmer, P. 0. Plain City, is a son of Eleazer C. and Irena (Doty) Smith, who came West in 1832, and purchased 167 acres of land on which he died in 1866; his wife departed this life in 1848. Twelve children were born to them, seven of whom are living. The subject of this sketch was born in East Monipelier, Vt.. in 1826. He was married February 12, 1850, to Catherine A. Stephens, who has borne him four children, two of whom are living — Charles C. and John E. D. Mr. S. owns 220 acres of valuable land ; he has held the office of Township Trustee twelve years, and takes an active interest in public affairs; he is a member of the Methodist Church, and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. CONRAD STEEGE, Jr., Principal of the Lutheran School, Marysville, wasborn in Hesse, now the Province of the Prussian Kingdom, in 1812, and is the oldest son of Conrad an I Mary (Knake) Steege, natives of ihe same province, who with four children embarked to the United States in 1856, and landed at New York in October of the same year. He was a tailor by trade, and located in the German seitlemeut called Chamburgh, in Coolc County, where he remained through the winter, and in the tpriug moved to Will County, 111., aad continued at h s trade, where he is yet residing with the tour children born in his native country. Two children have been born since hi-, settlement in the United States. The subject of this sketch was edu- cated in the semiuary at Addison Du Page Cou ity, 111., where he graduated in 1871. The tame year he came to this county, in answer to a call from the German settlement in Darby Township, and was instituted teacher of the German Lutheran Schuol on the 29th of Ju y, of the same year, where he has since been engaged. .Mr. S. worked at farming in the early ^ears of his life until seventeen or eighteen years of ;.ge, when he engaged as clerk and salesman until he entered the service of the Union army in September, 1864, in Company A, Twentieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry He enlisted as h, private, but was elected Sergeant before going to the field. He served through to the close of the war in that office, and whs mustered out at 258 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Chicago in July, 1865. Tlie regimeut vfks sent to Camp Butler, at Springfield, 111., and re- mained until March, when they were despatched to North Carolina, where they arrived soon after Sherman's battle at Goldsboro ; thence to Raleigh, N.C., on to Richmond and Washington, and through the grand review. Returning to peaceful pursuits, he assumed his former occu- pation as salesman with Brown Brothers, at Crete, until his entry at school in 1868. He was united in marriage November 9, 1866, to Miss Mina, daughter of Joachim Becker. She was born in Pommern Province of Prusssia, and emigrated to this country with her parents in 1862. To this union eight children have been born, of whom are living — Emma. Martin, Edward, Louis, Emanuel, Bertha and Clara. He is organist in the Lutheran Church, with which his fam- ily are all connected. His father who had but the measure of energy and perseverance of his people, has, with economy and industry, gained a successful footing, and han of attack, but all was quiet, and nowhere were there any indications of Indians in the vicinity. Doubts of the correctness of the rumor then began to be entertained, and Bill Taylor was closely interrogated concerning the alleged conversation he had overheard. The cross examination was too rigid for him, and he finally con- fessed it was all a hoax. He had seen no Indians. The more than ordinary depravity of his composition had suggested to him the story. Amicable relations were generally maintained with the Indians, who sel- 264 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. dom gave cause for difficulties. These, however, would occasionally occur. Daniel Taylor, who was one of the foremost pioneers, brought with him a mare and colt. A party of Indians were once visiting at his house, and one of them espied and greatly admired the mare; he wished to buy her, but Taylor was unwilling to make the sale, as it would break his team, and another horse could not be procured nearer than Chillicothe. Jonathan Alder, who was pres- ent, and observed the Indian's eagerness, advised Mr. Taylor to sell "the critter," but this he would not consent to do. Not many days later the horse was stolen and never recovered, and the trip to Chillicothe Mr. Taylor was obliged to make. James Ewing brought the first sheep to this county. He kept them con- fined within a high inclosure, through fear of the wolves. Several Indians, who had been hunting, called at his cabin soon after. Their dogs jumped over the fence and attacked the sheep. Mr. Ewing, in his anger, seized his rifle and shot one of the dogs. This act enraged the Indians, and a breach of the friendship between them and Mr. Ewing was imminent. Jonathan Alder was present, and interposed. His efibrts at peace-making at length restored good feeling. Dm-ing the war of 1812, there were several rumors of threatened Indian descents on the Darby settlements, but all proved unfounded. At " the falls" of Sugar Run, two Indian hunting parties, during the hostilities, were to meet by agreement. One of them arrived, and after waiting for the other some time, a member of the party discovered, cut in the bark of a beech tree, the picture of a horse, a gvin and a symbol indicating direction. The interpreta- tion of this, to the Indian mind, was that the other party had stolen a horse and were pursued, the direction they had gone being indicated. They waited no longer, but at once took sudden departure. Indians were not the only objects of apprehension to the pioneers. Panthers and other wild and dangerous animals frequented the forests, and the only safeguard against them was a trusty rifle. Samuel Taylor, the son of Daniel Taylor, was coming home one evening, down the Darby from the Mitch- ell settlement, on horseback, when he saw a coon run up a tree. He climbed the tree and dispatched the coon with a club, then mounted his horse with his game and again proceeded homeward. His horse was very restive, and to as- certain the cause the boy looked around. He saw a large panther, which sprang out into the path behind him just as he started. The boy lost no time in reaching his father's cabin, for the panther kept even pace behind him all the way. Mrs Elizabeth Ewing, the wife of Joshiia Ewing, one day visited Mrs. Elizabeth Taylor, who lived below Amity. On her return she carried in her arms the infant daughter of Mrs. Taylor, of w^hich she w^as very fond, in- tending to return w^ith it the next day. After going some distance, she was startled to see a large panther crouching in the path, a short distance ahead of her. She was greatly frightened, and stopped, but looked the animal steadily in the eyes for a few minutes. It then arose and entered the bushes on one side. She proceeded, and reached home in safety. Though often encoun- tered in this way, it is not known that any one was attacked by these wild denizens of the wilderness. It was only a short time after the first settlers came that the woods were tilled with wild hogs. Most of the early settlers brought a few hogs with them, and as the mast of the forest was amply sufficient for their sustenance, they were allowed to run at large. Each settler branded his hogs with a pri- vate ear mark, and could thus identify his own property. Many of these swine were lost; they multiplied rapidly, and a breed of wild, vicious hogs was the result. They would attack dogs, and sometimes men, when the branches of a tree would be the onlv retreat. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 265 For many years it was customary for the settlers to allow their bogs to run at large during the fall, and when winter approached it was often extreme- ly difficult to get them back within inclosures. Good hog-drivers were in great demand,' and received high wages. The unruly animals were usually driven in large droves by men on horseback, assisted by dogs, into an inclosed tield, where they were assorted and their ownership determined by the ear marks. Sometimes wide circuits, miles in extent, must be made before they could be secured. Those belonging to widows were always brought in free by the neighbors. Wolves were plenty at first, but the bounty of $4 a scalp paid by the county made them much sought after by hunters, and the forests were cleared of them before other large game disappeared. Near the present residence of John Curry, on Sugar Run, Survey 5,132, was a " deer lick," where in early times many deer were killed. The spring is sulphury, and at night the deer would frequent the place. A chair was fastened in the branches of a tree, which commanded a view of the path lead- ing to the spring, and in this chair the hunter would sit and await the ap- proach of his game. Although it was so dark that he could scarcely discern the outlines of the deer, he rarely failed in bringing it down. Cattle and horses still drink the water of this spring with great avidity. In its vicinity Mr. Curry has found almost an innumerable number of flint arrows and stone axes, indicating that the red men, too, were wont to hunt on this spot. JONATHAN ALDEK. In a previous chapter of this volume are given the outlines of the life of Jonathan Alder, whose history is closely linked with each of the two races of pioneer times. When he was captured by the Indians, he believed his life was spared because his hair was dark, and because he smiled at the savage who had raised his tomahawk to kill him. He saw his little bright-haired brother slain and believed all the family except himself had been killed. He lived within the bounds of Jerome Township at the time he abandoned his Indian life and returned to his home. With other Indian braves, he dwelt on the west banks of Big Darby just above Plain City. His cabin stood on the high bank above the grist mill, and only a few rods from the present residence of George At- kins. When he came to this place is unknown, but he was living there with his squaw wife when the first settlers arrived. Until 1795, when the Indian treaty restored peace, he was engaged with his Indian comrades in various dep- redations and hostile excursions and it was probably very soon after this that he settled on Darby. As the pioneers arrived, he mingled with them and re- learned the English language, which he had almost forgotten. His squaw cultivated a little patch of corn in the bottoms and Jonathan dealt to some ex- tent in stock. The land he occupied belonged to the tract Daniel Taylor had purchased, and, when the latter arrived about 1803, Jonathan kindly surren- dered to him the cabin he had built and occupied, and with his squaw built and removed to a bark hut close by. His association with white men created a strong desire to follow their habits and abandon his Indian life. His squaw still clung bo Indian ways and their diverging tastes became more and more marked. Jonat.han no longer went with his Indian brethren on their "big' hunts. " From a settler, he received the information that his mother was still liv- ing, and he resolved to return to her. Richard Taylor made him a suit of clothes which he donned in place of his Indian garments. He told his sqaaw his intention and they divided their effects. The wild life he had led had not wholly obliterated the instincts to accumulate, for he had saved a fesv hundred silver dollars, and had besides a number of ponies. The former he gave his 266 HISTORY OF UNl'oN COUNTY. wife after some parleying and also equally divided the latter with her. He bade her adieu; she went northward to her own people and he tui'ned his face toward Virginia, the State of his birth and boyhood. This was in 1805, and his departure terminated his connection with Jerome Township. He found his relatives in Virginia, there married Mary Blont and returned with her to Ohio, settling in Madison County. By this marriage he had twelve children. He lived, died and was buried in Madison County. His tombstone bears this inscription: "Jonathan Alder, born September 37, 1773. Taken by the In- dians 1781. Returned to his mother in 1805. Died January 30, 1849, aged about 76 years." His squaw wife had separated from him unwillingly, for in spite of his proclivities for the fashions of the pale face, she was deeply attached to him. It is said she had threatened to bill his wife should he ever marry again, and that he feared her on this account. For some time after his return, he would not permit his wife to remain alone in their cabin. When he went to the fields to work, she must accom])any him. On their return one day from a trading expedition to a neighboring town, they found the tin ware bent and cut. the iron ware broken in pieces by an ax and Mrs. Alder's dresses slashed and cut in shreds. Though the squaw was not seen, the mischief was attributed to her hands. Mr. Alder's long life with the red men had bred in him Indian traits and manners, which clung to him throiigh life. Though he possessed good business talent, he disliked hard work, and confined his farm labors principally to stock-raising. He was dark hued and bore some resemblance to the Indian race. He was a large, tall man and could move about almost noiselessly. While living in Jerome Township, he was the friend of the white men, and whenever occasion offered acted as peacemaker between them and the Indians Mr. Adler related the following hunting incident, which occurred while camp- ing on Darby, in Jerome Township: "One day about noon I saw a large bear in the top of a big, white oak tree, picking off and eating acorns. I sat down on the ground about 100 yards off to watch its motions. I did not wish to kill it, as bears were not yet fat, and fur was not yet good, or rather not of full growth. I sat there amusing myself with its motions for some time. It was really funny to see it get about in the very top branches, while the whole tree shook with its enormous weight at every motion. All at once it ceased to gather in the branches and slid down and commenced picking the acorns that had fallen to the ground. In a few moments, without the least warning, it started in the direction I was, as rapidly as it could pace. I had my gun resting in my lap and saw it would run right over me. I had no time to get up and get out of its way, so I raised my gnu and fired as soon as possible, when it was within a few yards of me. I shot it through the brain and it fell right across my lap. I was badly scared, for I did not know that I had killed it. I kicked and struggled to get from beneath it, but it was so heavy that it took some time before I could get out. I had shot it so dead that it never kicked, but laid like a log upon me, all of which, had I not been so frightened, I might have observed. When I finally got out, I was so much exhausted fi-om the fright and effort I could hardly stand." EARLY SETTLEMENTS. To Joshua and James Ewing, two brothers, belong the honor of making the first settlement in what is now Union County and in Jerome Township. Accounts all agree that they settled permanently on Big Darby in the year 1798, but it is also said that two or three years prior to this date, these two young men, then both iinmarried, had been West, probably in the Indian serv- ice, and having determined on settling in this wild and unoccupied country, JEROME TOWNSHIP. 267 cast their eyes about for a favorable location. They traveled with one horse and a small, two-wheeled cart, cutting their way through the tangled brush- wood and sleeping in a tent, which they carried with them. They encamped on a spot in southoastern Jerome, which afterward became the James Ewing homestead, there cleared a small patch of ground and planted it in corn, chopping holes in the ground with an ax and then covering the hill with the fork of a stick. Peace with the Indians had just been declared, and the smoke of war had scarcely yet risen from the land. Surrounded on all sides by the Indians, who had scarcely yet washed the war-paint from their faces, the youthful adventurers felt the solitude and dangers of their position, and with- out waiting for their little patch of corn to ripen, they packed their few goods and turned their faces eastward, concluding to wait several years before re- turning. The two boys were the sons of Mascol Ewing, whose home was in New Jersey. They were cousins to Gen. Thomas Ewing, formerly of Lancps- ter, Ohio. They possessed great force of character, and in point of intelli- gence and education, they ranked among the highest class of pioneers. In 1798, when they made the permanent settlement, each brought his household effects by team the entire distance from New Jersey. Joshua, the elder, had recently married Margaret Scott, and he brought his young wife with him. James was accompanied by his aged mother, Cynthia, and his two sisters, Betsy and Mrs. Eunice Donaldson. The latter was a widow, and her only child, Ewing Donaldson, came with her. Joshua purchased a lot in the newly platted town of North Liberty, in Darby Township, and there erected his cabin. Both families lived here for a short time, biit the town did not improve any and very soon after the Ewings both settled in Jerome Township, near its southwest corner on the south side of Big Darby. Of this early family no descendants are now left in Union County. Joshua Ewing was a surveyor and in addition to his labors on the farm he devoted considerable time to this occupation. He made a great many of the early surveys in Madison and Union Counties. He was the first Auditor of Union County and it is thought died while serving his first term. His death occurred about 1822, it is supposed from the fatal fever which swept over Darby Plains in that year. His children were Eliza, born in May, 1800, who removed to Adair County, Iowa, and died there, unmarried, August 28, 1881; George, who emigrated to near Attica, Ind. , and died there; Polly, married to David Chapman, and removed to Adair County, Iowa, where both died; Joshua Green, who died in Jerome Township, leaving seven children, all of whom went to Iowa; Cynthia, who died unmarried ou the home farm; Har- riet, who married William Allen and died a few years since in Plain City; Martha, Peggy and William Scott, all of whom died in Jerome Township. James Ewing, was one of the best and foremost citizeLs of Union County during the first thirty years of its existence. His old homestead in Jerome was in Survey 12,125, where he lived to the time of his death. He was elected and served as the first Sheriff of Union County. In religious belief, he was a Presbyterian and a firm member, and for many years a Ruling Elder of Lower Liberty Church. In politics, he was an unflinching Whig. In 1810, Mr. Ewing purchased a stock of goods at Chillicothe, brought them to his farm and opened a country store, thereby becoming the first merchant in what is now Union County. Through his efforts, a post office was secured and he was ap- pointed the first Postmaster. He operated the store for about ten years, and then withdrew for a time from mercantile business. In 1833, he erected a large frame store room adjoining his dwelling, and filled it with an extensive stock of goods. He continued in business this latter time only two years. In 1835, his younger son, David, to whom he was deeply attached, met with an 268 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. untimely death just as he was entering upon a life of brilliant promise, and under his sense of loss Mr. Ewing retired permanently from business. He had been the possessor of some means when he came to Ohio, and by his stern, honorable business qualities he accumulated considerable property. He was one of the first trustees of the Franklin County Bank. He was scrupulously hon- est in all his dealings, and his word passed current for almost any amount. Small currency was very scarce, and in order to meet the demand for this kind of money and facilitate trade, he issued what was termed in those days " shin plasters," payable on demand. They were considered by the people as good as coin and were never dishonoi'ed by their maker. James Ewing possessed strong convictions and was always true to them. He lived in his little log- cabin till the day of his death, which occurred August 26, 1850. It was too closely associated with his earliest struggles, when the country was wild and unoccupied, to be forsaken for the more modern spacious frame that stood by its side. He was married about 1807 to Elizabeth, daughter of Calvin Cary, of Madison County. Their children were several daxighters who died young, and two sons, Thomas M. and David C. The latter was an intelligent, promising young man, who graduated at South Hanover College, Indiana, in 1885, and was just entering upon the study of law. when he fell a victim of typhoid fever. Thomas M. was a well-known resident of Jerome. Elizabeth, the sister of James Ewing, married David Cary during the war of 1812. He died six months later in camp at Franklinton. She after- ward married a widower, Andrew Gill, and had two children, Mason and Susan, both of whom married and died in Darby Township. Mrs. Eunice Donaldson, soon after emigrating here, returned East. Her son, Ewing re- mained with his uncle, James Ewing; became a farmer and died a fewyears since near the Scioto River, not far from Dublin, leaving a large family. The Taylors were among the foremost pioneers of Big Darby in Jerome Township. There were five brothers by this name, Richard, Daniel, Isaac William and John, all of whom settled on the Creek in close proximity to each other, but the last three in Madison County. They came in ISOO or 1802. They were Virginians, who had settled in Kentucky, but not liking the country there emigrated to Ohio. Richard Taylor was boi*n in Virginia, learned the tailors trade in that State and removed to Kentucky. He there married Mary Murray, near Cyn- thiana, and followed farming and tailoring until he came with his family to Darby Creek about 1802. He purchased and settled on the land in Survey 5,238, located on the west banks of Big Darby, about one-half mile north of Plain City, and now known as the Jones farm. Only a few families were then living on the creek. His nearest neighbor was Jonathan Alder, who lived in a little cabin a little farther down the stieam. Mr. Taylor's family was troubled with ague, owing to the low, wet lands in the vicinity, and in a few years he disposed of his place and returned to near Cynthiana, Ky. He there bought land, but in a few years the validity of his title was questioned, and under the fear that it might prove defective, hearing encouraging reports from his friends in Ohio, he abandoned his land and returned to Darby. He purchased a farm situated immediately east of the site of Plain City, and lo- cated partly in Union and partly in Madison County. His cabin, however, was built in Madison, and he lived there to the day of his death. He was a Whig, and a member of the Christian and New Light Chiu'ch. Of his six children, two died young. Two sons, William and Jeptha, live in Jerome Township. The former lias occupied his j)resent farm since 1831. Of the two daughters, Susanna, the elder, is deceased; Nancy, who was born in Union County in 1803, married Samuel Mason, and now lives in Madison County. 4i ■gft^ ipp*-. ^^ ^^-^^^-^ JEROME TOWNSHIP. 271 Daniel Taylor was born in Virginia March 13, 1774 ; came to Jerome Town- ship about 1802, and died February 29, 1852. He married Miss Mary Brown in Virginia, and had eleven children, three of whom died young. Samuel, Ehoda (Hager), Mary (Knapp). and Moses died in Madison County; Jane was the wife of Moses Mitchell, of Dai'by Township, and John was a farmer of Je- rome; Sarah, wife of John Norton, and Levi still live at Plain City. Mr. Tay- lor had lived in Kentucky before coming here. He settled on thirty-two acres in Survey 5,128, just north of Plain City and west of the creek, but in a few years bought 150 acres across Big Darby, off the southern part of Survey 3,686, and lived there till his death. He was a Democrat through life and a zealous member of the Baptist Church, of which he was for many years a Deacon. John Taylor, a young unmarried man, accompanied his brother, Eichard, to Darby when he first removed here from Kentucky and made his home with him in Jerome Township for several years. He married Mrs. Elizabeth Mc- Cullough, the widow of Samuel McCullough, Sr., and settled in Madison County. Another of the earliest settlers on Big Darby in Jerome was Andrew Note- man. No record has been kept of the date of his settlement and the time cannot be definitely determined. The date of his deed is 1802, and it was probably about that year or soon after that he arrived. He was born June 1, 1773, near Harper's Ferry, Md. When he first came to Ohio, he located in Eoss County, and remained there till he purchased from John Taylor and settled on the 100 acre farm where his son Zachariah now lives, about a half-mile north of Plain City. The farm was then in its native wildness.with no clearing upon it. Mr. Noteman built his cabin on the site of his son's present residence, and lived there, clearing and cultivating his land till, his death at a venerable age. He had been twice married. His first wife died before his emigration to Jerome, leaving one child, Jinsey, who accompanied her father here, and afterward married John Taylor, of Madison County. Mr. Noteman's second wife was Mrs. Elizabeth (Brown) , McCune, whom he mar- ried near Chillicothe. She was a widow, and John, William, Jane and Susan McCune, her children by her first marriage, came with them to their frontier habitation. By this second marriage there were two children, both born in Jerome Township — Polly (who afterward became the wife of Otway Curry), in 1807, and Zachariah, now in possession of the old homestead, in 1811. Mr. Noteman was a prominent and earnest Methodist and a Whig. Ho was a f arm- ei*, judicious, economical, living within his means, kind, benevolent and interested in the welfare of others. " John McCune married Polly, daughter of Simeon Hager, and settled in Mad'ison County near Plain City. Afterward he removed to a farm in Jerome, on Sugar Eun, and lived there till his death. His children were Chauncey, of Illinois, David, John, Mrs. Jane Grreen and Mrs. Mary Green. The Sagers were also among the earliest settlers and occupied some of the best land in the township. The larger part of this family settled in Darby Township; but Henry, Frederick and Abraham located in Jerome. Hemy Sager purchased the farm just north of Big Darby, now owned by J. T. McCullough, in Survey 3,686, and settled there shortly after the begin- ning of this century. His first cabin stood back from the road quite a distance, but it was built before public roads had any existence in his locality, and after the highway was opened he built his second cabin near the present resi- dence of Mr. McCullough. He was a blacksmith, and was occupied with the labors of his trade when not clearing or tilling his land. Mr. Sager was a genial, good-natured citizen. In his day, the customers usually furnished the metals with which to fashion the various implements they desired; and iron 272 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. then and there was a very valuable and rare article, so much so that it was often pilfered; but whenever any was missing and complaint made to him, Mr. Sager would reply very seriously that he strongly suspected that the rats had eaten it. He was a County Commissioner for many years, and quite a prom- inent citizen. In religious belief and affiliation, he was a Presbyterian. He had married Lavinia Haynes, and remained a life-long resident of Jerome Town- ship. Frederick Sager owned a large farm, comprising the land in Survey 3,686, on the east banks of Darby Cx'eek, now the property of T. T. Kil- bury and Perry Douglass. His first cabin stood near the present residence of Mr. Kilbmy. Mr. Sager had the honor of erecting the first mill in the terri- tory now comprising Union County. He was a generous man, but, like many of the pioneers, rough in manners. He married Hannah Harrison, raised a large family and iiltimately removed w^ilh it to Kalamazoo County, Mich., where he spent the remainder of his life. Patrick Conner was the first settler on Sugar Run, coming from Pennsyl- vania about 1804-05. He owned and occupied a small farm in the lower part of Survey 5,132. He was of Irish descent and a very intelligent man. Like most men of his nationality, he was fond of whisky, and he usually gratified this propensity. He was once a candidate for Justice of the Peace, probably before 1820, and his intemperate habits were urged against his election. Pat- rick heard of it and at the polls promised if elected that he would thenceforth refrain from the use of liquor. His popularity won for him the election and he kept his promise and made an excellent officer. He followed shoe-making in connection with farming, and afterward removed to Amity, where he died in 1810. His wife, who was Polly Lee, died in 1856, at the home of her grandson, David McClung. Their two children were Jane, who married Reuben Cook, and Margaret who married Joseph McClung. Joseph McClung came to Sugar Run from Pennsylvania very early, set- tling on the farm his son David now owns. He was in the war of 1812. John Kent settled in Survey 5,126, on Sugar Run, in 1806. When he first came, he cleared ten acres on the Mitchell place through mistake, and for his trouble Judge Mitchell permitted him to use the field till he thought he was repaid for the work. He was a well-to-do farmer, always had an abun- dance of provisions and seed grain on hand, and would invariably help those of his neighbors who needed assistance, whether or not they had money to re- pay the loans he would make. He was a strong member of the Christian or New Light Church, and occasionally had services at his house. His wife's name was Margaret; they had six children— Daniel, who was born February 25, 1791, married Dillie Shover and resided in Jerome; James, who removed to Delaware County; William, who died in Illinois; Moses, Sallie and Alex- ander. The last also removed to Illinois and died there. Henry Shover was a Revolutionary soldier, who emigrated from Virginia at an early date, purchased and settled upon a farm in the northern part of Survey 3,686, above Darby Creek. He was of German descent, and his relig- ious preferences were Lutheran, though he was not a member of any church. He helped to move the Sager family from Virginia, and thus became acquainted with the Darby country, where he soon after settled. He possessed some means, and in his demeanor was quiet and honest. He had three sons and three daughters. The latter became the wives of Christian Sager, George Cary and Samuel Mason. The sons were Adam, Frederick and Simon. Adam removed to Mechanicsburg and there operated a mill. Frederick died a farm- er of Franklin County. Simon Shover was one of the most eccentric and reckless characters that JEROME TOWNSHIP. 273 lived in Union County. It is said that he served in the Indian wars and was once captured by the savages and only escaped death by jumping on a log, flapping his arms and crowing like a rooster. This novel antic pleased his cap- tors and made him a favorite. He enlisted early in the war of 1812, was taken prisoner at Gen. Winchester's defeat and paroled. Returning home, he found that most of his acquaintances were in service, and becoming discon- tented he disregarded his parole, went to the front and re-enlisted. For sev- eral years his whereabouts were unknown to his friends, but at the close of the war he returned. He served under Gen. Harrison in the Northwest, and was one of the body of fifty men who made a sortie from a garrison to spike some cannon, in which only nineteen men returned. Simon was a good scholar and an excellent scribe, but too fond of the cup that cheers and inebriates, and when under the potent spell of alcohol his daring recklessness was at its height. On a favorite black horse, he would plunge into Dai by and swim across when high waters made the stream utterly unsafe, but from frequent practice the horse had learned to swim like a duck and always carried its rider safely over. He could give the genuine Indian war whoop, and ODce rode horseback into court and astonished the dignified Judge, the bar and spectators by utter- ing this savage war-cry at the top of his voice. He was constantly playing all sort of queer tricks, regardless of consequences, but his humor and popularity usually kept him out of trouble. He never married, and ended his days in one of the charitable institutions of Union County. One of the few Revolutionary officers who settled in Union County was Col. James Curry. He was born near Belfast, Ireland, in 1752, came to America with his father when ten years of age, and located in Augusta County, Va. After a most honorable service as an officer of the army throughout the Revolutionary war, he removed in the year 1797 to Ohio, settling first in Ross County. In 1811, he came with his family to the territory now known as Union County, where he located a large body of land and on which he erected the cabin in which he died. He was a member of the Legislature when the county was organized, and was for many years after one of the Judges of its courts. For a detailed history of the life of this eminent man the reader is referred to the biographical sketches following. The following are brief notices of his children: James A. Curry was born in Virginia March 30, 1787, and remained with his father's family until his marriage to Phoebe Winget, daughter of Stephen Winget, of Madison County, in March, 1817. In politics, he was a Democrat. He devoted himself to agricultural life and died on his farm March 1, 1874, aged eighty-seven years. A full sketch of him appears elsewhere. Harriet C. Curry was born June 7, 1791. She married James Buck and they resided in the northeast portion of the Curry Survey. Mrs. Buck died Au- gust 10, 1845. Their four childi-en were Caroline, Perry, Mrs. Maria Fleck and Mrs. Martha Shafifer. Only the first now survives. James Buck came from Highland County about 1812. He was a well-informed farmer and served Jerome Township for some years as Justice of the Peace. He was a Democrat, a Presbyterian and died at about the age of fifty, of consumption. Stephenson Curry was born December 3, 1801, and was a life-long farmer of Jerome Township. He married Sarah D. Robinson, daughter of James Robinson, of Darby, and had eight children. He took little part in public affairs, prefen-ing the quiet of books and domestic life. His death occurred April 2, 1861. A full sketch of him appears elsewhere in this work. Otway Curry was born March 26, 1804, and married Miss Mary, daugh- ter of Andrew Noteman; he resided for a time on the Jones farm on Big Darby, in Jerome, then removed to Marysville. A full sketch of him appears elsewhere in this volume. 274 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Louisa Cuny was born July 24, 1807, married Nelson Cone and is still living in tliis township; nine children have been born to them, of whom six survive— James, Stephenson B. , Daniel R., Albert H., Thomas N. aud Louisa. Robert Burns Curry, the youngest of this family, was born June 3, ISII. He remained a farmer of Jerome until 1854, when he emigrated with his fam- ily to Iowa. Subsequently he removed to Missouri and is now living in Nor- ton County, Kan. He married Sarah Beard, and their children are James D. , William G., Jane, Ann, Harriet, Sarah, Albert and Ella. Samuel McCullough was a son of Samuel McCullough, Sr., who died in Darby Township in ISOO. He lived with his mother, who married John Tay- lor, in Madison County, till he arrived at the age of maturity. He then pur- chased a small farm in the southwestern part of Jerome, where his son, John T., now resides, and there engaged in farming. He was industrious and con- stantly extended the limits of his property. He took pride in making his home pleasant and attractive, and died in a large and handsome residence, which he had erected a few years ago. George Hensel, of German descent, came with his parents when a boy from near Parkersburg, Penn., to Fairfield County. In 1818, he moved to Delaware County and the same year bought a large quantity of land in Je- rome Township and Delaware County. In 1819, he removed to Jerome, near Frankfort, and with his sons cleared up much land in this viciaity. By trade, he was a brick layer and stone mason. He died in 1847. He was twice mar- ried; by his first marriage he had three children, by his second, six. Survey 5,132, of GOO acres, on Sugar Run, in the south-central portion of the township, was purchased at an early date by Judge David Mitchell, of Darby Township, divided into three portions, upon each of which one of his sons located. George Mitchell camy lirst, probably as early as 1814. He married Margaret Boles and had three children — David, James F. and Mar- tha E., who married Dixon Robinson. Mr. Mitchell died of pneumonia, soon after his settlement in Jerome. David Mitchell, Jr., his brother, settled. on the adjoining tract about 1816. Years afterward, he removed to Darby Plains and engaged extensively in stock- raising. He then removed to Columbus and operated in the cattle market till his fortune deserted him. He moved to St. Louis, Mo., but afterward returned to Ohio and spent the remainder of his life with one of his children at Hill- iard. His children were David A. (deceased), Joseph H., of California; Zenus M. , in the "West; Belinda (Cushman), of California; Hasson Shaw, of St. Louis; Dixon A., of California; Sanantha, Maria L. (Welch) and Delmore. The third son of Judge Mitchell, who occupied land in this survey, was Jesse Mitchell. He was the first white child born in what is now Union Coun- ty. The date of his birth was November 4, 1799, a few weeks after his par- ents had settled in Darby To\\Tiship. Jesse remained with his parents until his marriage, in December, 1823, to Elizabeth Robinson, daughter of Rev. James Robinson, then of Union Township. He at once settled with his young wife on his farm on Sugar Run. The farm was at this time still in its native wildness, except three acres, which had been cleared years before by John Kent under a mistake as to its location. In 1823, there were no neigh bors eastward nearer than live or six miles. Mr. Mitchell remained on the farm an industrious, energetic farmer until his death. May 13, 1881. In his lifetime he amassed considerable property. He had nine children — Maria, who married A. H. McCampbell; Martha E., who died unmarried; Lucinda, wife of Rev. Levi Hall, a Methodist Episcopal minister, now of Minneapolis; James, on the home place; Amanda, widow of Thomas J. Haynes, of Plain City; David, who died young; George W., who died in service at the St. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 275 Louis hospital; Electa, died in infancy; and Hester, widow of Z. H. McCul- lough, at Central College, Franklin County. Mrs. Mitchell still survives and resides with her daughter Amanda in Plain City. On what is now the J. W. Mitchell place, in Survey 5,133, OQ Sugar Run, William Bethard settled probably as eax'ly as 1820. He afterward removed with his family. His son Josiah, soon after his marriage, settled in Franklin County. Samuel Colter sojourned for a few years on Sugar Run, his aiTival dating about the year 1825. Moses Green owned a small place on Sugar Run, taking possession about 1820. He died in this township. William Long was a very early settler on Survey 5, 126. He removed with a large family to Indiana and died there. John Stickle, whose mother had married William Bethard, settled on Sugar Run, where he farmed. He was a Presbyterian. Philip Hawn settled on Survey 3,750, of 100 acres, in the western part of the township in 1819, and remained there till his death. His wife, Mrs. Mary Hawn, claimed to have been the first white female child born at Cincin- nati, where her birth occurred March 5, 1791. Her father was Jacob Linsi- come, who came down the Ohio from Peniisylvania in the fall of 1790 and stayed dm-ing the ensuing winter with his family within what are now the limits of Cincinnati. Soon after the birth of Mary, he purchased land in Tur- key Bottom and removed his family there. He died of small-pox within three years after, and his widow subsequently became the wife of Samuel Edwards. After a short time they moved to a place on the stream called Sycamore, and in 1821 to the Pickaway plains, settling three miles from Circleville. Here Mary married Philip Hawn, and having exchanged her share of her father's land in Hamilton County for the 100 acres in Jerome, removed to it with her husband in 1819. She survived her husband some years and died at the residence of her son Joseph Hawn near Unionville Center, June 21, 1861. There were a few squatters here in early times and many renters, who usually remained only a short time. A complete record of them would be impossible, even if desirable. James Stillwill was a I'enter for a time on the Sager farm. He taught one term of school. Isaac Mason also lived on tlie Sager place. He was the first potter in Jerome, and followed his trade here. George Casey was another early settler, who owned no realty. Simeon Hager and Abner Chapman were pioneers. They married sisters — Polly and Relief Baldwin. Mr. Chapman first settled on the John Gray farm about a mile northwest of Plain City, and afterward removed to Darby Township, where he died. Mr. Hager was a renter and lived on the Chap- man place; then Mr. Noteman's farm and elsewhere, and finally bought a little place just across the line in IMadison, where he died. Samuel P. Morrison, about 1820, came from York County, Penn. He rented at various places in Jerome, then bought a small place about three miles south of Marysville, where he died of "milk sickness. " His five chil- dren were Ann, wife of Zachariah Noteman; Nancy, wife of Samuel Snod- grass; William, now of Hancock County, 111.; John and Alexander. Aaron Tossey was a reckless but sharp and jolly man, a chum of Simon Shover. Thomas Marshall, Thomas Gray and Martin DeWitt were early renters. Moses Harrison was a Virginian. He rented land from Frederick Sager; then removed with his family to Indiana. Alexander Brown, an old bachelor from Kentucky, lived in various localities in Jerome and died here. William Cummings was a renter on the Cm-ry farm. Jeptha Peasley moved about much. He was an intellig-ent and well-liked citizen and tauo-ht school 276 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. repeatedly. He ultimately removed to parts unknown. Henry and William Wilson, two brothers, came about 1830 and settled in the northwest part of the township. Simeon Rickard, a native of Virginia, in 1828 emigrated to Darby Town- ship, and a year later to southwestern Jerome, on the farm his son George M. Richard, now owns. He was a soldier in the war of 1812; married Mary S. Sanbower in 1813, and died in Jerome January 5, 1844. Landen Bishop emigrated from Virginia to Franklin County, Ohio, in ] 824, and three years later came to Jerome Township. He was twice mar- ried and had six children by his first, and seven children by his second mar- riage. He was a farmer and stock-raiser and died February 22, 1860. All the above settlers located in Jerome Township prior to 1830. There are many other prominent families who settled in Jerome Township at an early day, among whom are Nelson Cone, the Beards, McCampbells, Liggetts, Gills, Flecks, Biggers, Roneys, Dodges, McKitricks, Woodburns, Foxes, Hills, Ketches and Dort|is. MILLING. Various expedients and devices were employed by the first pioneers to pro- cure meal. At fii'st they were driven to the necessity of grinding their corn by hand with a pestle and mortar, after the Indian fashion; but at best this method would produce nothing finer than hominy. Tiring of this, the settlers would occasionally make long journeys to distant mills and bring home a precious sack of meal. Frederick Sagar, soon after his advent here, determined to erect a mill. The site selected was a few rods above the bridge on the Plain City & California pike, nearly opposite the I'esidence of Perry Douglas. He built the dam with the assistance of his neighbors and erected the neces- sary buildings. Dr. Converse says of it: "The great question was how and where he could procure the buhrs necessary to the enterprise. To go to Maine, Vermont or New York, would be both tedious and expensive. It is said that 'necessity is the mother of invention,' and, as this country in many places abounded with bowlders, he started out for a mill stone, finding one to suit on the farm now owned by John Taylor. With rude and clumsy tools, lie went to work to split the bowlder open. For many days he labored incessant- ly with pick and drill on the unyielding rock, until at last it gave way. To dress the flinty rock into shape, required weeks of labor, but finally it was heralded that Frederick Sager's mill was in running order. For many miles around the white settlers brought their grain to the mill, and even the friendly Indians, who were scattered over the country, came also, on the same errand. A few weeks later, the raising of wheat was introduced, which made it neces- sary for Mr. Sager to attach a flouring bolt in his mill. He procuied a proper piece of sea-grass cloth, attached the same to a reel, and, placing it in the flour- chest, was ready to meet the wants of the settlement. For many years the bolting was all done by hand. A few years later, he attached to his water- power a saw mill, supplying the people with boards for their dwelling houses, which, prior to this period were made of split puncheon, smoothed and fitted with an ax. Still a little later, Mr. Sager put in operation a distillery, or still house as they were then called, for the manufacture of whisky. As peaches were almost a natural production of the country at that day, the farmers took their peach crop to his still and had them made into peach brandy. Subse- quently the grist mill was purchased by Fannery Heaninway, who came to this country in 1830." This mill, however, was only what was called a "wet weather" mill. Dur- ing a dry season, it could be operated only for a shoi't time each morning, when there was a good head of water on. Every fall the settlers were obliged JEROME TOWNSHIP. 277 to go to the Mad River mill above Urbana or a mill on Biick Creek in Clark Covinty. Andrew Noteman often took his grain by canoe, which was cut out of a solid log, to Dwj'er's mill, about twelve miles below on Big Darby. More- over, the dam of Sager's mill was made of timber and was continually getting out of repair, the water washing vmder it. As often as this occurred Mr. Sager called for his neighbors to assist in repairing it, a service they were always glad to render gratuitously, because of the milling privileges thereby afforded them. SCHOOLS. Abner Chapman was one of the first school teachers on Darby. He taught the first term in the first schoolhouse built in Jerome. It stood on land he was then occupying, on the west bank of Big Darby just above Plain City. Mr. Chapman was a Yankee and taught a number of schools. He also engaged in surveying. Clark Provin was the next teacher in the first schoolhouse. He was not so strict a disciplinarian as his predecessor, but was regarded a good teacher. John Roberts, who lived on the plains, held a term in 1810-12, in a cabin which stood a few rods below the present residence of George M. Rickard. The pupils who attended here were Susanna, Nancy and William Taylox", Rhoda and Sarah Taylor, Jane and Susan McCune, James Noteman, Charles and Peerie Call and pierhaps others. At New California, in 1852, principally through the efforts of Jesse Gill, a frame one-story schoolhouse was erected. The township donated 150 for the privilege of using it for election purposes. The balance of the building fund was secured by private subscription. Select schools have been held in this building almost every yeai* since, embracing, besides the common branches, the higher mathematics, languages, etc, These schools have been well at- tended and their impress is shown in the rank the teachers of Jerome have taken in this county. Among the teachers of this school were Llewellyn Curry (winter of 1852-53), Rev. I. N. Laughead, Olive Gill, Isaac Winters, David Cochran, Samuel Graham, Mr. Johnson, Thomas Evans, R. L. Woodburn, George Rhulen, Mr. McCharahan, James Curry, John Stockton, E. L. Liggett, Calvin Robinson, D. H. Cross and J. W. Baughman. The terms are of three months' duration and do not interfere with the public school terms. Many young men who have gone out into the world from Jerome Township attribute their success in life to the superior educational advantages offered by this school. One of the best district schools^in the township is the handsome two-story brick located just north of Plain City. It is about 30x50, and was built in 1879 at a cost of about $2,000. The enumeration of this district exceeds eighty. The present teachers are Misses Lorena Harper and Rosa Page. VILLAGES. The village of Frankfort, located in the extreme eastern part of Jerome Township, was laid out April 1, 1846, by William B. Irwin, County Survey- or, for Henry Beach. The original plat consisted of forty lots. Main street, sixty feet in width, extended north and south and was crossed at right angles by Town street; also sixty feet wide, and three alleys twelve feet in width. The Beach family was the only family then residing on its site. Amos and Kilburn Beach opened the first store. They also operated an extensive ashery for many years. Samuel Stout and George Bowersmith soon after started a general store, which was continued several years. William H. Case was the eai'ly innkeeper. John Evans, still a resident of the place, built one of the first houses. The village has grown slowly and now has a population of nearly two hundred. It is quite a trading place for the surrounding country, doing a large mercantile business for a village of its size. There are nov.' 278 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. two general stores in operation, owned by H. B. Seely and Brobeck & Fox. The village also contains two blacksmith shops, one wagon shoD, one harness shop and a shoe shop. It siipports two chm-ches, the Methodist and the Pres- byterian. With the old log Methodist Church was connected a cemetery, which is now under the care of the Township Trustees. The school building is a sub- stantial two-story brick. Two hotels provide for the wants of the traveler — the Preston House and the Frankfort House. The former is under the proprietor- ship of L. Preston; the latter of S. G. Hyland. Two medical practitioners are located in Frankfort — Drs. T. B. Asbery and John E. Herriott. The former was in practice here formerly, then removed to Columbus. Abou.t a year ago he returned to this place. Dr. Herriott, directly after completing his profes- sional course about eight years ago, opened an office here and has practiced continuously since. Former resident physicians of Frankfort have been Drs. Converse, Beverly, Andrews, G. H. Holland and others. The Frankfort Post Office is named Jerome, and Joseph Brobeck has present charge of the mail, which is received tri-weekly by hack from Marysville. Horace Beach was an early Postmaster. Dr. Converse filled the office in 1850. Subsequent incum- bents have been Isaac Wells, George Leasure, Hurd Lewis, S. H. Brake, W. O'Uarra, John Latham, and Joseph Brobeck, whose commission dates from 1878. Centrally located in the township is the village of New California. The date of its origin was August 27, 1853, at which time it was platted by Will- iam B. Irwin for Samuel B. Woodburn, the proprietor. Mr. Woodburn and Dr. Albert Chapman started the first store. Reuben Cook erected the first house. Drs. Culver and Milo H. Lawrence were about the first resident physicians. Drs. Joseph S. Howland and Robert Merriman are the present dispensers of medicine. The village, though favorably situated, has not thrived. It now contains one store, owned and operated by Horace M. Dort and Jesse G. Curry, the former of whom is Postmaster. It also has a blacksmith shop, a small ash- ery, a shoe shop, one church and a new school building. Nine or ten families compose the population. PLAIN CITY. This village, now comprising a population of one thousand or more originally stood wholly in Madison County, but so close to its northern line that the natural growth of the village has caused it to encroach upon Union County soil. The first official evidence of this is the record of the addition of eight lots made to the village April 23, 1859, by Edward W. Barlow. Lots 3, 4, 5 and 6, and fractions of 2, 7 and 8 of this addition are in Union County. Pleasant Valley was then the name of the town. Of Charles Aman's Addition, made July 26, 1875, lots 8, 7 and a fraction of 6 were in Union County, Jerome Township. Within the last few years, Plain City has grown principally northward, and there are now about two hundred of its people within Jerome Township, besides a church, a carriage factory, planing mill, saw mill and grist mill. ' About 1868, O. C. and Zachariah McCune set in operation a frame plan- ing mill and continued it until the year 1875, when they erected a large, handsome brick mill and filled it with new machinery at a cost of about $17,- 000. Its subsequent successive proprietors have been McCune & Wilson, Hensel & Herriott, Hensel & Churchman, E. C. Churchman, Swearinger & Co., and Barlow & Beech. The last-named firm acquired possession in the spring of 1880. Prior to that time, a strictly planing mill busi- ness was conducted, includino; the manufacture of doors, blinds, sash, etc. ; the present proprietors have also engaged in the manufacture of furniture. tC : a^^D JEROME TOWNSHIP. 281 O. C. McCune and Clarence Beard, in 1877, started the saw mill, and are still the owners. Except one country mill, it is the only one within a radius of five miles, and does an extensive business. Besides custom work, a large number of logs are purchased, converted into lumber and shipped to various points. This mill was destroyed by fire in January, 1883, at a loss of several thousand dollars. It was immediately rebuilt. Harrison Harper & Co. have been engaged in the manufacture of wagons and buggies here since 1875. From twenty to twenty-five vehicles are annually manufactured and a general repair trade is maintained. Dr. W. I. Ballinger and Eichard Woodruff built the Plain City flour- ing mill in 1873. The building is a large brick structure and is constantly operated to its full capacity. It contains four run of buhrs and is the only grist mill in the village. Several years ago, Mr. Woodruff retired from the firm, which has since been Ballinger & Sons. Prior to 1876, the Plain City Methodist Episcopal Charch was in Mad- ison County, but in that year a lot was purchased in Jerome Township and a new brick edifice erected on it at a cost of $4,500. The church was dedicat- ed by Dr. Payne, President of the Ohio Wesleyan University. Rev. Tressen- rider was pastor in charge during its erection. His successors have been Rev. Rudesill, who remained three years; Rev. Bradrick, who remained in charge two years, and Rev. J. M. Rife, the present minister. The membership ex- ceeds 100. A flourishing Sabbath school is maintained. This society was or- ganized at the cabin of Andrew Noteman in Jerome, about 1812. Most of the members lived in Madison County and in a few years a block church was built across the line. The preponderance of religious sentiment in southwestern Jerome, when the first settlements were made, was of the Presbyterian hue. A congregation was organized, which has since been transplanted to Madison County soil in Plain City and still flourishes there. The church records, unfortunately, have been lost and its earliest members have long since gone to their eternal home, and in consequence the details of its earlier history are meager. The exact date of the organization of "Lower Liberty Presbyterian Church," as it was named, is unknown, but the best conjecture obtainable makes it about 1807. About the same time, a similar organization, denominated "UiDper Liberty Presbyterian Church," was formed in Union Township, and the two societies were served by the same pastors for many years. Rev. Samuel Woods was the first pastor. He entered into this relation in 1808 and maintained it faithful- ly until his death, which occurred in 1815. From that date. Revs. William Dickey, Archibald Steele, James Hodge, D. D., Elder Hughes and others supplied the church until 1821, when Rev. James Robinson was installed pas- tor. He served the church seven years. Rev. Darius C. Allen was stated supply from 1829 to 1831. The year following, Rev. Benjamin Dolbear be- came the pastor and continued his labors with this charge until about 1838, In 1837, Lower Liberty was rent in twain by the internal dissensions then ex- isting in this denomination. The two factions were nearly equally divided, but a slight majority favored the Old School branch. Rev. Dolbear continued with this division. His successor, Rev. William H. Galbreath, was installed October 7, 1839, serving until April 18, 1848. Rev. Benjamin Evans was the next and last pastor of this branch. In the New School division, Rev. Henry Shedd was the only settled pastor, but Rev. Kuhn and others supplied it. Among the earliest prominent members of this church were James Ewing, Joshua Ewing, David Mitchell, Jr., David Chapman and John Taylor. The early services were probably held in private houses; then in the schoolhouse, which stood on the lot where the first meeting-house was erected. This prim- 282 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. itive church stood on a lot of foui- acres, donated to the society by Walter Dun, and situated about a mile northwest of Plain City in the forks of the post pike and the road leading northeast to Big Darby. The building was erected as early as 1820, perhaps sooner. It was a large, unfurnished frame struct- ui'e, weather- boarded but not plastered, roofed but without a chimney. The seats were only slabs, supported by rough sticks. A broad, center aisle ex- tended lengthwise with the building, crossed near the center by another aisle, at each end of which a door was originally designed, but never inserted. The women occupied one side of this room; the men held undisputed jDOssession of the other. The frail texture of this building may be illustrated by an inci- dent, which, however, is not strictly ecclesiastical in its nature. In those days, it was customary for the entire family, includiug babies and dogs, to attend divine service. One pleasant Sabbath Day, the church was filled to overflow- ing, it being the day appointed for administering the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. "Dog buttons" were then just coming into use, and some irreverend, unscrupulous wag scattered a quantity of them among the canines outside. They soon felt the baneful influence and, in a wild pack, frothing at the mouth, ran into the church. The cry "mad dogs" was raised and the tranquil worshiping audience was instantly converted into a panic-stricken crowd, that jumped up on the benches and made every effort to escape the rabid animals which ran howling thi'ough the house. One good old lady, of matronly em- bonj)oint, the wife of a Ruling Elder, seized an infant in each arm and in her frantic endeavors to avoid one of the approaching, now wild animals, rushed madly against the side of the room. The weather-boarding gave way and she found herself the next instant oiitside of the pandemonium which reigned within. This old building could not be heated and was used only during the sum- mer. In cold weather, the schoolhouse on the same lot was brought into re- quisition, its more limited space proving sufficient to accomodate the few members who attended in that season. In 1836, a large brick structure, 46- x52, was reared on the same site. It was constructed by Mr. Gifford, of Union Township. The congregation then numbered about seventy-five. Scarcely had it taken possession of this new home when the troubles arose which pro- duced the division. Of the four Ruling Elders then in office, James Ewing, T. M. Ewing and John Taylor adhered to the Old School, and David Chap- man united with the New School branch. While the united congregation was strongly self-supporting, both divisions were too weak to maintain efficient or- ganizations and struggled between life and death for about sixteen years. The Old School division kept possession of the church, but by agi'eement the other branch had the use of the church each alternate Sabbath. About 1853, both societies disorganized. Four years later, a reconciliation was eflected among the members and a new organization entered into, which re-assumed the old name. Lower Liberty. Their church, however, was built and still stands in Plain City, Madison County, and its subsequent liistory by this change of lo- cation has passed from the domain of Jerome Township. At New California is the church of the Sugar Run United Presbyterian Congregation. About the year 1835, the McCampbells, Beards and Liggetts settled within the limits of what now comprises the territory of this society, and became the nucleus of the organization which was effected a few years later. Until this latter event took place, these families were in connection with the Darby congregation. The McCampbells and Beards, with some other individual members, came originally from Ebenezer and Tunber Ridge con- gregations of the Associate Chui'ch, in Rockbridge County, \a. In 184:1, or near the close of 1840, Rev. James Wallace effected an organization at Sugar JEROME TOWNSHIP. 28a Run by ordaining and installing as Ruling Elders William Bigger and David Beard, and enrolling about thirty members. For the first two years, Rev. Robert Forester, of Reynoldsburg, ministered statedly to the people, though not installed pastor. Rev. I. N. Laughead was the iii'st pastor. He was born in Greene County, Ohio; graduated at Franklin College, New Athens, Ohio; studied theology at the Associate Seminary at Cannonsburg, Penn. ; was licensed to preach in 1838 and ordained in 1839. He became pastor of this and Darby (Union ville) congregations in April, 1843, and continued in this rela- tion till April, 1864. Of his labors here, he himself says: "In these two con- gregations, I spent the prime of my life; and although I had my discourage- ments and trials, yet I suppose I had as much enjoyment and pleasure in the Lord's work here as usually falls to the lot of Christ's ministers. My two main discouragements were the scattered field I occupied, extending from the Scioto River to Little Darby Creek, and the scant support I received. I was necessitated to resort to some other means of support, and could not give my whole time to the ministry. I settled there with the promise of $300 an- nually, and that was not very promptly paid. It never reached over $400. I taught district and select schools. ' I labored working with my own hands.' I cannot say that I did any great things in those congregations, but this I can say, I did what I could. The Master's glory and the spiritual good of that people were by me sincerely and earnestly sought." One year after the sever- ance of his connection with the congregation, or in April, 1865, Rev. James W. Taylor accepted a call to take charge of this and Darby congregations. He continued with them until November 19, 1867. For several years the church was then without a regular minister. The third pastor was Rev. John Gilmore, installed September 12, 1871, and remaining in charge till April 15, 1874. He wa« succeeded by Rev. D. M. Gordon, who commenced his labors on the first Sabbath in*January, 1875, was regularly installed in October fol- lowing, and continued till April, 1878, when Rev. Ebenezer E. Cleland, the present pastor, was called. William Bic^ger continued to act as Ruling Elder until his removal to Springfield, Ohio, in 1863; David Beard, until his removal to Iowa. The fol- lowing members have been added to the session from time to time: William Liggett, in 1845; Thomas Robinson and David Mitchell, July 17, 1853; Walter Gowans and William McCrory, February 26, 1857; James Scott and Joseph McCampbell, in 1865; Samuel Carson and Thomas B. Arnold, in 1871-72. The following have served as Deacons: John Liggett, James I. Beard,. Thomas Robinson, David Mitchell, Andrew Beard, Andrew McCampbell, J. M. Robinson and James "Woodburn. Early services were held at the house of William McCampbell, Sr. , but soon after a hewed-log house of worship, about 25x30 feet, was erected. It was succeeded in 1852 by the present frame church edifice, erected near the site of the old building. It is about 40x50 in size, well finished and furnished. The Sabbath school was organized about j865, with a membership of perhaps forty. It has been continued ever since, and is at present in a prosper- ous and flourishing condition, with an attendance of sixty Jerome Presbyterian Church was organized at Frankfort December 16, 1:853, by Rev. William H. Brinkerhoff, with the following membership: Mr. and Mrs. John Fleck, Mrs. Mary Patterson, Mrs. Maria Brinkerhoff, Temple- ton Liggett, Mrs. Rebecca Liggett, Mrs. Hannah McReary, Mrs. Scofield, Samuel Clark and Mrs. Nancy Clark. Templeton Liggett and John Fleck, the first Ruling Elders, were not installed until December 26, 1857. The first pastor, Rev. W. H. Brinkerhoff, served this charge until 1862. He was born in Adams County, Penn., February 3, 1803; educated at Gettysburg Academy, and at twenty- 384 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. four begau the study for the ministry. He was married October 27, 1835, to Maria Kowan; emigrated to Seneca County, Ohio, and settled on a farm for one year. In 1836, he began his ministerial labors by organizing a church at McCutchinsville and soon after others in neighboring schoolhouses. In 1848, he took charge of the German Reform Church at McCutchinsville, and two years later one of the same denomination at Lancaster. In 1851, he became pastor of the Worthington Presbyterian Church, where he remained till he organized the Jerome Church. He died at Waymouth, Medina Coimty, De- cember 11, 1871. Dui'iDg his ministry, he organized many congregations and assisted in the erection of church buildings with his own manual labor. At a meeting of the Jerome congregation, held November 2, 1862, it was unanimously agreed to change the ecclesiastical relation of the congregation by becoming a Congregational Church. Soon after this action was taken, Rev. Brinkerhoff severed his connection with the church. A vacancy occurred in the pulpit for some time; then the services of Rev. Hawn, an Old School Pres- byterian minister, were secured. In 1866, Rev. C. N. Coulter became pastor of this and Worthington congregations. The former at this time was weak and disorganized, and in order to reconcile denominational differences among the members and make the church acceptable to several Presbyterian families who wished to unite with it, the covenant of the New School Presbyterian Church was adopted, though the connection with the Congregational Church was maintained. Rev. Coulter continued with the congregation until Octo- ber 27, 1867. Rev. A. N. Hamlin was installed pastor November 24, 1867, and remained live years. Revs. Stevenson and L. T. Mason then supplied the church for several months each, and in 1873 Rev. Hamlin was recalled, serving two years. He was succeeded by Rev. Thoma-i Hill, who stayed six months. Rev. N. K. Crow was the next pastor, serving several years. A va- cancy for some time followed, which was terminated by the installation of the present pastor, Isaac N". Thomas, now serving his second year. The first church building, still in use. a frame building about 24x30 in size, was erected about 1856. October 7, 1877, the congregation asked to be admitted to the Presbyterian Church, and has since been connected with that denomination. Its membership is now very low, not reaching twenty. The present Elders are John Arnold and W. P. Neil. J. B. Doudna, John Arnold and Abraham Brobeck are the trustees. The first Sabbath school was organized by Rev. Coulter. It is still maintained during the summer season. The Methodist Church at Frankfort was organized about 1835. For a few years, meetings were held at the residence of Henry Beach and other dwell- ings. Among the early members may be mentioned James and William Stone, John W. Halleck, Henry Beach, Joseph Wells and Jacob Frederick. A log meeting house was erected about 1842, which served the societ}- as a place of worship until 1860, when the present frame edifice was erected. It was completed in April and dedicated xlpril 15, 1860, by Rev. Dr. Warner. The membership at present numbers about seventy-five. This class is included in Jerome Circuit, recently formed, which, besides this charge, comprises Hyatts- ville and Kent's Schoolhouse in Delaware County, Watkinsville and Ketch's Schoolhouse. Rev. Chase conducted a very fruitful revival in the old log church, and among the most successful series of meetings in the present church have been those conducted by Revs. Hathaway, John E. Moore and Edward Rudesill. Rev. Thurston is the present minister. A Sabbath school has been in operation for a period of about forty years. In the southeastern part of the township is a Methodist class which was organized more than twenty years ago. Henry Brobeck, Rosetta Mooney and Landen Bishop were early members. The class has never been very strong JEROME TOWNSHIP. 286 numerically, and its places of holding services have frequently changed. About ten years ago it was changed by Rev. Samuel Donahue from Mooney Schoolhouse to the Pike Schoolhouse No. 1, and when a new schoolhouse was erected in this district two years ago, the directors withheld permission to use it for church purposes. The society then took measures to provide itself with a suitable home. On a lot donated by S. S. Davis, a handsome brick edifice has been erected at a cost of about 82,000. It will be finished and dedicated as soon as the weather permits. The class now numbers about thirty mem- bers. gowan's guards. On the evening of the 24:th day of April, 1861, in response to the call for the first 75,000 volunteers, a war meeting was held in the old Seeeder Church at New California. Patriotic speeches were made by many of the old citi- zens, and among others the Kev. B. D. Evans and Llewellyn Curry. Volun- teers were called for, and the fir.«t young man to enroll his naiae and oflfer his services was David O. Taylor, who soon after joined the Thirteenth Ohio Reg- iment, and, after serving his country three years with honor, was killed on the battle-field of Dallas on the 27th of May, I86i. About forty of the young men of the neighborhood volunteered that evening and in a few days an elec- tion was held fur officers of the company, and James Cutler was elected Cap- tain; W. L. Curry, First Lieutenant, and D. R. (^one, Second Lieutenant. Among the first to volunteer was Walter Gowans, a patriotic old Scotch- man upward of sixty years of age, and in honor to him the company was named the "Gowans' Guards." The company began drilling immediately at New Cali- fornia. The busy hands of mothers and sisters in a few days furnished uni- forms, consisting of red jackets and black caps. The young ladies of the neighborhood made a large silk flag, which was presented to the company. The company soon numbered about sixty volunteers, but before it was re- cruited to the required number to enter the service, the call was made for three years troops, and many of the boys becoming impatient to be off for the seat of war, began to enlist in companies that were being recruited more rap- idly in the larger towns. The organization never entered the service, as their ranks were rapidly decimated by these enlistments in other organizations. All but two or three of this company soon enlisted and seventeen of them died in the service. A complete roll of the company cannot be found, but by consulting mem- bers of the company the majority of the names have been obtained. Those with a star attached died in service. James Cutler, Captain; W. L. Curry, First Lieutenant; D. R. Cone, Second Lieutenant; J. D. Bain, David Bain, William Beaver, W. J. Conk- lin, Otway Curry, W. W. Curry, David Curry, James A. Currv,* James Curry, J. C. Cone, S. B. Cone, O. B. Cone,* William Channell,*'W. H. H. Fleck, T. S. Fleck, Walter Gowans, Sr., Andrew Gowans, Alexander Gowans, William Gowans, James Gowans,* S. W. Gowans, Lewis Hoffner, James Hill,* L. J. Ketch, Lewis Ketch,* John Lio-wett, R. A. Liggett, B. F. Lucas,* William B. Langhead,* John Marford, James R. Mitchell, George Mitchell,* David Mclntire, J. L. McCampbell, Jeff Mahaffey,* Jacob Nonemaker,* D, G. Robinson, Delmore Robinson,* C. L. Robinson, J. B. Robinson, George Reuhlen,* David Shinneman,* James Smith, George Stokes, Atlas Perkins,* Charles Thompson,* David O. Taylor*, Daniel; Taylor, David Wise, William Wise*, Samuel Wise. The young men of Jerome Township rallied to every call made during the war, and her quota was always filled. No draft was ever made in the township. Soldiers' families were well cared for by the old citizens at home, and about $10,000 were paid during the last years of 286 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the war as local bounty to recruits. The first call on Jerome Township for volunteers was for fourteen men, and the first money paid was by Thomas Jones, who paid $70, giving each of th^ boys $5. They went without bounty. Squire S. B. Woodburn was particularly active in raising money to pay bounties and save the township from the draft, and it was to him that the cit- izens looked for aid when calls were made for troops. He repeatedly advanced the means to pay bounties. "When the last call for troops was made, it be- came necessary for Jerome to furnish about $6,000 to fill her quota of men. Attempts were made to raise the amount, but they failed, and as a last resort Squire Woodburn was appointed to assess the amount. At that meeting he assessed ten men !ii)200 each and advanced §1,000. No township in the county has a better record than Jerome. More than 340 of her citizens entered the seWice, and sixty-nine of them were killed or died in the army. The county official record of oaths administered to Justices of the Peace contains the following list for Jerome Township, with the dates of commissions : Clark Provin, 1821; John McCune, 1823; James Ewing, 1824; James Buck, 1825; Henry Sager, 1827; James Buck, 1828; William Long, 1832; John McCampbell^ 1837; Caleb Converse, 1838; S. Snodgrass, 1839; Thomas AVa- son, 1839; Thomas M. Ewing, 1841; Thomas Mason, 1842; Joseph Button. 1842; Thomas M. Ewing, 1844; Perry Buck, 1845; Kilbourn Beach, 1845; Thomas M. Ewing, 1847; Perry Buck, 1848; Kilbourn Beach, 1848, resigned in 1849; James B. Dort, 1850; Thomas M. Ewing, 1850; Perry Buck, 1851; I. N. Wells, 1852; Leroy F. Kager, 1853; Perry Buck, 1854; Templeton Lig- gett, 1855; I. N. Wells, 1855; James Ketch, 1856; Samuel B. Woodburn, 1858; I.N. Wells, 3858; James Ketch, 1859; Samuel B. AVoodburn, 1861; I. N. Wells, 1861; James Ketch, 1862; S. B. Woodburn. 1864; I. N. Wells, 1864; John Knock, 1865; James Ketch, 1866; L N. Wells, 1867; S. B. Wood- bm-n, 1867; Nelson Cone, 1869; S. B. Woodburn. 1870; S. W. H. Durboraw, 1870; Nelson Cone, 1872; S. B. Woodlrarn, 1873; S. W. H. Diirboraw, 1873; J. P. McDowel, 1875; James Ketch. 1876; S. W. H. Durboraw, 1876; James Robinson. 1878; Nelson Cone, 1879; Robert McCrorv, 1879; Perrv Buck, 1882; Robert McCrory, 1882; J. P. McDowell, 1882. The complete vote of Jerome for Governors of the State, has been as fol- lows : 1822— Jeremiah Morrow, 6; Allen Trimble, 24; total, 30. 1824— Jeremiah Morrow, U; Allen Trimble, 23; total, 34. 1826— John Bigger. 22: Allen Trimble, 7; total, 29. 1828— John W. Campbell, 23; Allen Trimble, 7; total, 30. 1830— Robert Lucas, 32. 1832 — Darias Lyman, Whig, 12; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 36; total, 48. 1834 — James Finley, Whig, 13; Robert Lucas, Democrat, 33; total, 46. 1836 — Joseph Yance, Whig, 50; Eli Baldwin, Democrat, 15; total, 65. 1838 — Joseph Yance, Whig, 60; Nelson Shannon, Democrat, 27; total, 87. 1840 — Thomas Corwin. Whig, 86; Nelson Shannon, Democrat, 58: total, 144. 1842 — Thomas Corwin, Whig, 75; Nelson Shannon, Democrat, 43; Lei- cester King, Abolitionist, 7; total, 162. 1844— Mordecai Bartley,Whig, 105; David Tod, Democrat, 48; Leices- ter King, Abolitionist, 9; total, 162. 1846— William Bebb, Whig, 63; David Tod, Democrat, 28; Samuel Lewis. Abolitionist, 9; total, 100, 1848— Seaburv Ford. Whig, 104; John B. Weller. Democrat. 57: total, 161. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 28T 1850 — "William Johnson, Whig, 101; Reuben Wood, Democrat, 69; Ed- ward Smith, Abolitionist, 16; total, 186. 1851 --Samuel F. Vinton, Whig, 71; Reuben Wood, Democrat, 42; Sam- uel Lewis, Abolitionist, 24; total, 137. 1853— Nelson Barrere, Whig, 74; William Medill, Democrat, 62; Sam- uel Lewis, Abolitionist, 34: total, 170. 1855 — Salmon P. Chase, Fusion, 97; William Medill, Democrat, 21; Allen Trimble, Know-Nothing, 32; total, 150. 1857 — Salmon P. Chase, Republican, 106; H. B. Payne. Democrat, 45; P. Van Trump, Know-Nothing, 3; total, 154. 1859 — William Dennison, Republican, 98; R. P. Ranney, Democrat, 71; total, 169. 1861 — David Tod, Republican, 132; H. J. Jewett, Democrat, 84; total, 216. 1863 — John Brough, Republican, 204; C. L. Vallandigham, Democrat, 84; total, 288. 1865— J. D. Cox, Republican, 149; George W. Morgan, Democrat, 96; total, 243. 1867 — R. B. Haves, Republican, 176; Allen G. Thurman, Democrat, 117;- total, 293 1869— R. B. Hayes, Republican, 163; G. H. Pendleton, Democrat, 102; total, 265. 1871— E. F. Noyes, Republican. 153; G. W. McCook, Democrat, 94; total, 247. 1873 — E. F. Noyes, Republican, 106; William Allen, Democrat, 91; J. C. Collins, Liberal Republican, 2; T. Stewart, Prohibition, 9; total, 208. . 1875 — R. B. Hayes, Republican, 187; William Allen, Democrat, 126; total, 313. 1877— William H. West, Republican, 186; R. M. Bishop, Democrat, 131; H. A. Thompson, Prohibition, 5; total, 322. 1879 — Charles Foster, Republican, 207; Thomas Ewing, Democrat, 148; G. T. Stewart, Prohibitionist, 14; total, 369. 1881 — Charles Foster, Republican, 163; J. W. Bookwalter, Democrat, 131; A. R. Ludlow, Prohibition, 31; total, 325. For President, 1876, R. B. Hayes received 208 votes; Samuel J. Tilden, 139; total, 342. In 1880, James A. Garfield received 216; W. S. Hancock, 153; and the Greenback candidate, 2; total, 37. The original surveys which compose Jerome Township, their areas, origi- nal proprietors, surveyors and dates of survey are as follows: No. 419, 1,200 acres, William Brown, James Galloway, Jr., March 2, 1807. No. 1,440, 1,000 acres, James Curry, James Galloway, January 21, 1807. No. 2,365, 666f acres, Thomas Parker, Nathaniel Massie, June 5, 1797, partly in Delaware County, No. 2,925, 6,663f acres, Beverly Roy, Nathaniel Massie, June 5, 1797. No. 2,990, 666 acres, John Phillips, Nathaniel Massie, June 5, 1797, partly in Delaware County. No. 2,991, 1,330 acres, John Phillips, Nathaniel Massie, June 5, 1797, partly in Delaware County. No. 3,003, 174 acres, William Crogan, Joseph Kerr, December 22, 1814 partly in Delaware County. No. 3,005, 666f acres, Peter Talbot, Nathaniel Massie, June 3, 1797. No. 3,009, Robert Means, mostly in Franklin County. 288 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. No. 3,014, 199 acres, H. Gilman, Nathaniel Massie, June 3, 1797, partly in Delaware Coucty. No. 3,244, 200 acres, William Annis, James Galloway, Jr., November 18, 1807. No. 3,452, 650 acres, William Barksdale, James Galloway, Jr., March 18, 1810, partly in Franklin County. No. 3,452, 350 acres^ William Barksdale, James Galloway, Jr., March 1, 1810. No. 3,475, 410 acres, Robert Woodcock, James Galloway, Jr., December 25, 1820. No. 3,484, 800 acres, Lucas Sullivant, Lucas Sullivant March 4, 1799. No. 3,685, 666f acres, Lucas Sullivant, Lucas Sullivant, September 18, 1799. No. 3,686, 1,000 acres, Lucas Sullivant, Lucas Sullivant, September 18, 1799. No. 3,743, 600 acres, Robert Means, Lucas Sullivant. September 17, 1799. No. 3,750, 100 acres, Thomas Snead, Lucas Sullivant, September 30, 1799. No. 3,754, 400 acres, Charles Simms, Lucas Sullivant, Septeber 30, 1799. No. 5,126, 470 acres, Alexander Kerr, James Galloway, Jr., January 22, 1807. No. 5,128, 80 acres, Alexander Kerr, James Galloway, Jr., Januarv 23, 1807. No. 5,132, 600 acres, James Galloway, Jr., James Galloway, Jr., Janu- ary 22, 1807. No. 5,133, 190 acres, James Galloway, Jr., and John Goode, James Gal- loway, January 21, 1807. No, 5,134, 533f acres, John Pride, James Galloway, Jr., January 21, 1807. No. 5,143, 100 acres, Terence Doren, James Galloway, Jr., January 21, 18' 7. No. 5,144, 50 acres, Richard C. Anderson, James Gallowav, Jr., February 28, 1807. No. 5,144, 50 acres. Richard Jones, James Galloway, Jr., February 28, 1807. No. 5,162, 800 acres, Robert Means, James Galloway, Jr., March 27, 1807, mostly in Delaware and Franklin Covinties. No, 5,166, 2,000 acres, Robert Means, James Galloway, Jr., March 2, 1807. No. 5,167, 200 acres, James Galloway and others; James Galloway, Jr., February 21, 1807, partly in Madison County. No. 5,234, 600 acres, Robert White. James Galloway, Jr., November 18, 1807. No. 5,238, 200 acres. Lucas Sullivant, James Galloway, Ji*., April 25, 1807. No. 5,261, 466f acres, Henry Bidinger, James Galloway, Jr. , November 18, 1807. No. 5,417, 300 acres, Nathan Lamme, James Galloway, Jr., December 21, 1807. No. 5,611, 360 acres, Thomas Bayly, James Galloway, Jr., June 14, 1807. No. 5,724, 295 acres, John Baird, James Galloway, Jr., February 23,1808. No. 6,310, 280 acres, William Pelham, James Galloway, Jr., September 10, 1809. No. 6,420, 346f acres, William Barlow, James Galloway, Jr., March 29, 1810. JEROME TOWNSHIP. *291 No. 6,581, 450 acres, John Galloway, James Galloway, Jr., January 12, 1810. No. 6,595, 277i acres, Thomas Parker, James Galloway, Jr., March 27, 1810. No. 6,596, 277^, Thomas M. Bayly, James Galloway, Jr., March 28, 1810. No. 6,748, 555' acres, John Anderson, James Galloway, Jr., June 7, 1810, mostly in Franklin County. No. 6,954, 320 acres, representatives of Anthony J. Dixon, James Gal- loway, Jr., July 9, 1811, mostly in Madison County. No. 7,058, 400 acres, James M. Galloway, James Galloway, Jr., April 23, 1811. No. 7,073, 5261 acres, Richard I. Waters, James Galloway, Jr., April 24, 1811. No. 7 074, 800 acres, John Crawford, James Galloway, Jr., April 29, 1811. No. 7,181, 200 acres, Walter Dun, Walter Dun, November 17, 1811. No. 7,029, 38 acres, Lucas Sullivant, James Galloway, Jr., May 1, 1812. No. 7,390, 45 acres, John Graham, Walter Dun, August 29, 1812. Nos. 7,751 and 7,754, 447 acres, Walter Dun, Walter Dun, July 1, 1813, partly in Darby Township and Madison County. Nos. 7,758 and 7,830, 168 acres, John Graham and G. Scroggs, Walter Dun, July 21, 1813. Nos. 9,367 and 10,614, 149 acres. James Galloway, Jr., James Galloway, Jr., January 20, 1821. No. 9,736, 407 acres, James Galloway, Jr., Benjamin W. Ladd and James Barnett, James Galloway, Jr., November 18, 1818. No. 10,620, 51 acres, John Messenburg, James Galloway, Jr., January 19, 1821. No. 10,708, 94 acres, William Sullivant, Michael L. and Joseph Sulli- vant, heirs of Lucas Sullivant, Matthew Bonner, September 22, 1831. No. 12,125, 63 acres, S. Whitehead, survey not recorded. For much valuable assistance kindly rendered in the preparation of Jerome Township history, thanks are due to Col. W. L. Curry, Robert Mc- Crory, Lewis C. Curry and others. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EDAVIN G. ADAMS, deceased, was born in this township, December 26, 1841, and was a son of Amraon and Betsey (Converse) Adams. He was the second son of six children, two of whom are living. He was reare(J on the farm, and educated in the common schools. In May, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cav- alry, and did duty as a wagoner. After one hundred days of service, he was discharged and returned home. January 26, 1865, he was married to Dilla U., daughter of Frederick and Per- milla Parthemore, of Virginia and Pennsylvania. Mrs. Adams was born in Union Township, this county, November 2, 1839. One child was born to Mrs. Adams, viz., Edwin G., born De- cember 15, 1875. Mr. Adams departed this life June 11, 1875. He left at his death, 1391 acres of we'^-improved and valuable land, on which his wife resides. T. B. ASBURY, M.D., P.O. Jerome, was born near Syracuse, N. Y., April 10,1824. His father, Rev. Thomas Asbury, was a native of England, where he studied and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was a self-made man and acquired through his own diligence the elements of a good scholar. In 1818, he crossed the waters to America. He was a Method- ist itinerant and traveled on his mission from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, all along the At- lantic seaboard to the Gulf, and accompanied Bishop Asbury, who was his uncle, up the Missis- sippi River to Fort Independence, Mo. Mr. Asbury, after laboring among the people of the West and suflFering the dangers of a pioneer minister's life, he came to Columbus, Ohio, and in 1822, erected one of the first brick churches in that city. He retired from the ministry and died November 26, 1860, aged eighty-four years. His wife, Rachel B. Asbury, died April 10, 1825. Dr. Asbury was the only child. He was reared to manhood in Columbus, and received 292 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. his collegiate education in Alleghany College, of Meadville, Penn. He read medicine with Dr. El ward Ellis, of Meadville, and graduated from the Berkshire Medical College of Pittsfield, Mass., in March, 1844. He entered upon his profession in Meadville, Peun., where he practiced five years, and came to Frankfort (Jerome P. 0.), and remained till 1861, when he removed to Columbus. In 1872, he went to Worthington, and in 1880 came back to his old field of labor, which is now presided over by twelve physicians. March 18, 1847, he was married to Margaret Snowden, and by her had two children — Bishop F. and Harry R. Mrs. Asbury departed from this world May 2, 1871, and July 4, 1872, Mr. A. was joined in marriage with Anna, daughter of Isaac N. Wells, of Worthington, and has three children — Norman G., Oliver T. and an infant son. Mr. and Mrs. Asbury are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. A. is a prom- inent member'of the Masonic order. He is a member of the Central Ohio and State Medical Association. In the former he was Treasurer for several years. Jn politics, he is a stanch Republican. WILLIAM BIGGER, son of Samuel and Sarah Bigger, was born June 26, 1881, in Ken- tucky, and when three years of age removed with his parents to Greene County, 'Ohio. Married Nancy Bain, daughter of James and Sarah (Fleming) Bain, June 23, 1825, and unto them were born three daughters — Sarah, who died in infancy; Rebecca, wife of James H. Roney, and Mary Elizabeth, deceased wife of John T. McCuUough. Mrs. Bigger died June 14, 1834, and Mr. Bigger married his second wife, Nancy Law, April 14, 1835. In October, 1836, he moved his family to Jerome Township, Union County, where his fourth and youngest child, Joanna, was born. Mr. Bigger was a devout member of the Seceder, or United Presbyterian Church, in which he served for a number of years as Elder. In April, 1865, he moved to Springfield, Clark County, where he resided until the time of his death, July 6, 1879, having survived his second \\,ife eight years. LANDON BISHOP, farmer, P. 0. Jerome, was born in Loudoun County, Va., April 23, 1820. When four years of age, his parents, Findley and Nancy (Jones) Bishop, who were natives of Virginia, removed to l^ranklin County, Ohio, and three years later to Jerome Township. Mr. Bishop purchased 116 .icres of land and settled on it. He cleared and improved this land, and died February 22, 1860. Landon was reared on the homestead, and assisted his father in clear- ing it up. In 1845, he removed to Washington, Franklin County, and lived nine years. He re- turned to Jerome, and in 1855, located on the farm he now occupies. October 17, 1844, he married I\Iiss Jane Howey, a daughter of James and Sarah Howey. !Mrs. Bishop, a native of Franklin County, was born August 27, 1822. The children are as follows: McKendre, William F., Alma E. (wife of John M. Price), Chai-les F., Olive A. and John E. Sarah M. is deceased. Mr. Bishop owns a farm of 155 acres, and follows farming and raising thoroughbred Spanish Merino sheep. HENRY BROBECK, retired, P. 0. Plain City was born in Shenandoah County, Va., July 5, 1808. He is a son of Jacob and Catharine (Cooper) Brobeck, who were natives of the same county. His father was a soldier in the Norfolk war, and died in Virginia at an advanced age. iMr. Brobeck is the second of nine children. He was reared to manhood iu his native place, and rnarried July 20, 1830, in Frederick County, Va., to Mahala Hottle, a native of Shenandoah County, Va., and a daughter of David Hottle. She was born March 12, 1810. Eleven children were born to this union ; of these eight are living — Israel, married Jane Wooley: Susan, wife of George Arnold ; Mary, wife of John Arnold ; Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Frederick ; Rebecca, wife of John Mitchell : Sarah A., wife of Hamilton Bishop ; Abraham and John H. Mrs. Brobeck died in Steubenville, Ohio, and June 17, 1847, Mr. B. was joined in marriage to Julia A. Morrey, who bore him five children. The three living are — Joseph : Etherlinda, wife of Samuel Nunemaker, and Amanda, wife of James Wagner. Mr. Brobeck removed to Ohio in 1843, and settled near Steubenville. In 1854, he came to Jerome Township ; followed farming till 1S76, when he removed to Plain City, and retired. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is Demo- cratic. Mrs. Brobeck departed this life October 2. 1880. JOSEPH BROBECK. of the firm of Brobeck & Fox, merchants, P. 0. Jerome was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, March 16, 1848, and is a son of Henry and Julia A. Brobeck. When six years of age, his parents settled in this township. His early life was passed upon the farm, and in the district schools he received a practical education. He followed the avocation of farming until he engaged in his present business, which was established in December, 1877. In 1879, he took in as partner, Mr. Chester Fox. They carry a well-selected stock of general merchandise, aggregating in value about $2,000, and do an annual trade of $8,000. Mr. Bro- beck was married September 4, 1873, to Miss Clorinda, daughter of Henry and Sarah Fox. She was born in Jerome Township July 20, 1854. Two children have been born to them — Ivan, born February 9, 1879, and Elva Wita, July 24, 1880. Mr. Brobeck is a worthy member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; was appointed Postmaster at Jerome Post Office in 1877. Politically, he is of Democratic pn^clivities. SAMUEL CARSON, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, August 1, 1843; is a son of James and Jane (Lorimer) Carsim, of Ross County, Ohio. His father was born in 1813, and his mother in 1807. They were married in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1839, and lived in that and Guernsey County till 1859, at which time they located in JEROME TOWNSHIP. 293 Union County. In 1864, they removed to Mahaska County, Iowa, and now live in Madison County, same State. Our subject is the third child of a family of five children, three of whom are living. He enlisted May 1, 1862, in Company C, subsequently of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment. He also did garrison duty on .Johnson's Island, and June 6, 1865, was discharged and returned to his home, and afterward journeyed West through the Terri- tories, returning in 1868, and settled, where he now resides, February 11, 1868, he was mar- ried to Jennie A., daughter of William and Eliza Taylor. She was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in 1843. They have had four children, viz., Lulu, Walker, Celia and Mary. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has been an Elder ten years. He owns seventy-three acres of land, and has been a member of the School Board five years. RICHARD CLARK, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, January 8, 1806, and is a son of Henry and Nancy (O'Neil) Clark, natives of Scotland and County Down, Ireland, respectively. His paternal grandparents removed to Ireland on account of religious troubles, and were Presbyterians in belief. Henry Clark died when our subject was six years old, and in 1829 or 1880, his mother removed to Manchester, England. She was preceded in 1823 by her son Richard, who found employment in the cotton factories, in which he worked twenty-three years. In June, 184'J, he came to America, and bought fifty-five acres of land in this township, on which he settled and lived thereon till 1872, when he located in Plain City. He was married in Manchester, England, in December, 1836, to Eliza Gilmore, daughte?r of Ross and Sarah (White) Gilmore. The former was born in England, the latter in Ireland, and removed to England with her parents when a child. They have three living children — Elizabeth, Margaret and Susan. James, a deceased son, enlisted November 26, 1861, in Company K, Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served under General Sherman, and fought at Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, and upon other fields of no lesser note. September 1, 186-S, he was promoted to Sergeant Major, and served until he veteranized. January 4, 18C4. Exposure brought on sickness, and after enjoying a short furlough at home, he returned to his regiment and suffered a relapse, from which he died February 2-5, 1864. He was a brave and valiant soldier, and died from sickness caused by exposure while fighting for the perpetuity of his country. He was commissioned Captain of a company that had been recruited by Col. Smith, but it was not received until the day of his burial. The other children died as follows : John, died February 22, 1871 ; Sarah, July 9, 1848; Sarah (second), December 22, 1853. Mr. and ^Irs. Clark are very exemplary members of the Presbyterian Church. CHARLES S. COMSTOCK, farmer, P. 0. New California, is a son of Ruggles and Eliza- beth (Gilson) Comstock. His father was born in Connecticut February 18, 1807, and his mother in Massachusetts, February 9, 1809. They were married in the latter State, October 1, 1834, and in 1836 settled in Franklin County, Ohio, where they lived till 1863, when they came to this township, in which they bought 103 acres of land. His grandfither, David Comstock, was born in Connecticut, where he died ; his grandmother, Nancy (Sessions) Comstock, was born in Massachusetts. His father, when a young man, worked in a factory twenty years. Since coming here he has followed farming exclusively. He is the father of three children, two of whom are living, viz., Jennie and Charles S. Our subject enlisted June 27, 1861, in Company E, Forty -sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Fifteenth Army Corps under Gen. Sherman, and was in the battle of Shiloh. The exposure of army life impaired his health and he came home on furlough, and not recovering sufficiently he was honorably discharged. Feb- ruary 13, 1873, he was married to Amanda F. daughter of John and Margaret (Tate) Mc- Campbell, who was born in Jerome Township June 29, 1839. Four children have been born to them, three of whom are living, viz. Fay E., Emma T. and Edith S.; an infant son, deceased. He owns 25 acres and has charge of 129 acres of well-improved land. NELSON CONE, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., April SO, 1808. His parents, Daniel and Ruth (Kicli) Cone, were natives of Middlesex County, Conn. The former was born in March, 1768, and the latter in Mai'ch, 1771. They were married in 1790, and removed to New York in 1806, thence to Susquehanna County, Penn., in 1812, and four years later (1816) to Union Township, Union County, where they resided till 1824, and removed to Madison County. Mr. Cone died in November, 1847, aged eighty years. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his father, Elisha Cone, and eldest son, enlisted at the beginning of the Revolutionary war, and served as private till its close. In 1837, Mr. Cone, the father of our subject, moved and settled in Whitley County, Ind., where he died. Mrs. Cone's death took place in May, 1849. They had ten childien, four of whom are living, viz.: Martha, widow of Chester Dodge, now of Oswego, N. Y., aged ninety; Thomas R., of Yellow Springs, Ohio, aged eighty-five; Nelson, the subject of this sketch, and Alma, widow of David Hayden, now of Whit- ley County, Ind. Nelson grew to manhood on a farm. At the age of twenty, he took up the sad- dlery and harness-making trade, in Westville, Champaign County, and has followed it, more or less, up to the present time. In 1831, he came to Jerome Township, and, in April of the suc- ceeding year, located on the farm where he now resides. November 22, 1831, he was married to Miss Louisa Curry, a daughter of Col. James Curry, and a native of Highland County, Ohio, where she was born July 25, 1807. Of nine cliildren by this union, six are now living, as fol- lows: James C, Stephenson B., Daniel R., Albert H., Thomas and Louisa. Stephenson B., 294 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Otway B. and Robert S. are deceased. Mr. Cone served on the Board of County Commissioners six years. He was the first commissioned Commissioner of Union County. He also acted in the capacity of Justice of the Peace nine years, and as Township Trustee four years. Mr. Cone owns 176 acres of land, most of which he cleared and improved. HENRY CROTINGER, farmer, P. 0. New California, a native of the Keystone State, and a eon of Peter and Margaret (Rhodes) Crotinger, was born February 27, 1820. His father, a na- tive of Maryland, was born January 8, 1780: and his mother, of Pennsylvania, April 30, 1786. They married, and, in 1827, migrated and settled in Licking County, Ohio, thence to Knox County in 1829. Three years later Mr. C. and family came to Union County, and located a farm near Frankfort, where he died in October, 1861. Mrs. C.'s death took place January 29, 1873. They had born to them thirteen children, s-ix of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch is the eldest son. He passed his early life on the farm, and, for an education, enjoyed only the advantages of the common schools. In 1845, he went to Mason County, 111., but re- mained only a short time, and returned. May 15, 1846, he was married to Miss Catharine, daughter of .John and Sarah McKittrick, and a native of Licking County, where she was born November 15, 1830. This marriage was blessed with ten children; of these, nine are now living — Sarah E., wife of Luther Hutchinson ; Chester, Martha V., Albert 0., Diadama, wife of William Ellison; Olive J., William H. and John E. Mary E. is deceased. Mr. Crotinger bought a small farm of sixty acres, on which he resided till 1867, when he made the purchase of his present farm of 140 acres. He has improved most of this farm since he took possession of it. Mr. Cro- tinger is a good farmer and respected citizen. JAMES CURRY. JAMES CURRY, the subject of this biographic sketch, was born near Belfast, IreUnd, January 29, 1752. He was the first born child of James Curry, a prosperous Irish farmer of County Antrim. His mother's maiden name was Warwick, showing an English origin en her side of the family. Her relatives were prominent in England, during Cromwell's time, siding with the great commoner, and one of them, a Capt. Warwick, was among the number shot to death afier the restoration. Very little is known, however, of tlie far-off lady, not even her given name. We only know that she was a Warwick ; that she was of Protestant stock ; that she was married to .James Curry, near Belfast, about the year 1750 ; that before leaving Ireland she bcre her husband five children, two sons and three daughters; that after reaching America, and settling with her husband in Virginia, she bore him four additional children, three daughters and one son ; that at the close oF the Revolutionary war, the removed with her husband to the neighborhood of Paris, Ky., and there, some years after, died at the age of ninety-three. The Protestants of the North of Ireland were and are to this day an educated people, cultivated, prosperous, tolerant, and the inference (which is supported by tradition) is that her family was a superior one. Certainly she inherited from it sterling; virtues, and received a liberal educa- tion, which were in turn bestowed upon her own children. Of James Curry, her husband, the father of the subject of this sketch, we know about as little. It has been claimed that his ancestors entered Britain with the Normans, at the time of the conquest, but an excellent authority asserts that the Currys are of pure Celtic stock, and owe their origin solely to the Irish of pre-historic days. The Scotch and Welsh are of the same race, and so were the ancient Britons. Ireland is honey-combed with Currys, and while they are generally of the middle-class, plain, well to-do citizens, there are in the Counties Cavan and Fermanah, castles or their remains which were once the abode of nobles of the name, Lords Belmone and Lowry Curry, and Lord Clon Curry. Many towns bear the name, such as Tul)er- curry, Rathcurry, etc. From time immemorial almost, these families have had large lamled possessions in the counties named, and iia fact all over Ireland the name, either spelled wiih a u, or an o, is as plentiful as Smith in this country. The immediate family of this James Curry, were Irish Presbyterians, thiifty, doubtless, and intelligent, for they had so educated their son that he, in turn, had before quitting Ireland be- gan to prepare his son (the subject of this sketch) for the ministry. It is well known, indeed, that Col. James Curry had been in early childhood marked for the holy calling, had begun his studies to that end, and had had, according to a custom of that place and day, his hair cropped and his head adorned with a wig, in token of the life he had been ordained to lead. But a far dili'erent career was in store for the young novitiate. When but ten years of age, his father's thoughts were turned to the New World, then as now the l.iand of Promise for struggling Irish- men. The family accordingly embarked at Belfast for America, on board the ship " Good Re- turn," some time in 1762. A large colony accompanied, including several brothers with their families and other relatives. The ship was a stanch and fist sailer, which had once made the voyage in five weeks' time, but this trip she had been overloaded, so that what with head winds and counter-currents, her passage across the Atlantic was prolonged to fifteen weeks. Disease, starvation and death meanwhile made sad havoc among the passengers and crew. The greater part died and were buried at sea, among them the four youngest cliildren of James Curry. The ship finally made Philadelphia, and the James Curry family stepped ashore with but three, where seven should have been in number. The family seems then to have at once started with other JEROME TOWNSHIP. 295 relatives for Virginia ; one of the brothers went, howeTcr, to Pennsylvania, and one, from which the f^imous Methodist divine, Rev. Dr. Curry, is descended, settled in New York. But it is only with .James Curry's family that this sketch is concerned. Going to the neighborhood of Staun- ton, in Augusta County, Va., the emigrant, .James Curry, with his Warwick wife and one son, James, thea ten years of age, settled down to a planter's life. This removal to Augusta County is supposed to have been made very soon after landing at Philadelphia. It may have been later, however, and if so, where the family lived meanwhile is unknown. The land records at Rich- mond, Va , contain the name of James Curry as a patentee for a large body of land " on both sides of the North River of Shenandoah," dated April 6, 17fi9. If this patent was issued to James Curry, the emigrant, its date may fix the time of his settlement in Virginia, though of course he could have lived there for several years prior thereto. And then, again, it may have issued to his son, James Curry (of whom we write), who was at the time seventeen years of age. or James Curry, Sr., we only know further, that, after settling in Virginia, there were born to him four children— Susan, Rebecca, Polly and John. That after the close of the Revolutionary war, he removed to the neighborhood of Paris, Ky., where, at an advanced age, he died and was buried. Some of his children, certainly John, accompanied him into Kentucky, others among them. James, the subject of this sketch remained in Virginia. Of the sisters and the brother of Col. Curry, it may be briefly stated that Susan married Rev. William Erwin, and removed to what is now the State of Indiana, where her descendants now live; and Rebecca married John Erwin, whose descendants now reside in the southern part of Union County; Polly, married Wallace Harmonson, whose descendants live in Iowa and Texas ; John, married Ann McConnell, and both he and his wife lived and died in Kentucky. Some time after, a daughter, who had married a Mr. Thornton, becoming widowed, removed to Hanover, Ind., having in charge a much younger sister, Anna R. (whom she had indeed raised), to- gether with several children of her own. These children, girls, were married, one to a Rev. Mr. Rice, one to a Mr. James Gardner, one to a Mr. Andrews, and Anna R., to a Rev. Mr. Mills. They all, except Anna R. and her husband, now live in California. Returning to Col. James Curry — whose name and memory this article is intended to perpetu- ate—it is known that, having lived and worked on a farm with his father for several years after landing at Philadelphia, te at the age of fourteen began teaching a .school in the neighborhood, showing that the foundation for his intended ministerial life had been pretty well laid in the old country, since there could have been few opportunities for study opened to him after reach- ing America. Thus employed— summers working the farm, and winters teaching — the lad grew into manhood, strong of limb and vigorous of intellect, when a call having been made by Lord Dunmore, then Governor of Virginia, for volunteers to suppress the Indians who were massacre- ing the white settlers of the Ohio River frontier, at the age of twenty-two, he took his first step as°a soldier, enlisting as a private at Staunton. His company was finally assigned to one of the regiments which made up the force of 1,500 men, with which Gen. Andrew Lewis made a toil- some journey across the mountains and rendezvoused, under orders to await a junction with Lord Dunmore at Point Pleasant, where the Kanawha enters the Ohio River. Here occurred the famous battle of Point Pleasant, where the whites, though at heavy loss, were victorious— a battle which put an end to the conflict known in history as Cresap's War, and which led some weeks after to the noted council with the Indians near Chillicothe, in which the Mingoe chief, Logan, arraigned the whites in a burst of scathing eloquence. Of thi^i battle Col. Curry's recollections were°most vivid. The morning of October 10, 1774, as the little army lay in camp, on the point of land made by the junction of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, awaiting the coming of Lord Dunmore, an immense body of Indians under command of the chief. Cornstalk, crept upon it, and by daylight a bloody conflict was in progress. The historic account of this fight is of course familiar to all, and need not be repeated. Suffice to say that Col. Cuny's often-told story of the battle, agreed in the main with the published accounts. The whites themselves adopted the Indian's tactics and took to the trees for shelter, thus reducing the battle as it were, to a sort of duel between individuals, the combatants fighting each o'her to the death of one, and then turn- ing to engage another. In this manner the desperate struggle continued from daylight to sunset, until the Indians finally, under the impression that the white were being re-enforced, fled to the north bank of the Ohio. Young Curry was closely engaged throughout the greater part of the day, using now one tree, now another for cover, and doubtless sent many a daring brave to his long home. Toward evening, however, becoming too ventursome, he was himself shot through the right elbow by an unseen foe, while in the act of leveling his gun at his immediate antagonist. Falling down amongst the roots of the large elm tree, behind which he had been fighting, he lay concealed till the close of the battle. One of his stories of the day, told in after years with much glee, was that when the surgeon came to dress his wound, he a.sked if it would be hurtful to drink a glass of wine? To which it was replied, " Not if he drank it with the surgeon! " This ■wound of course ended his fighting for the time, and threw him amongst the invalids, and to the rear and homeward, when Gen. Lewis afterward crossed the Ohio in pursuit of the Indians. Reaching home, the young soldier went again to work upon his i>ither' s ftir m , having sufficiently recovered from his wound, though he could never after lift a cup of water or coffee to his lips ^ith that rieht arm. 296 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. But stiri'ing times were impeuding. The colonists, restive and maddened under British op- pression, had already in their legislative bodies inaugurated the Revolution. These Irish immi- grants had no more love for England then than have the same class of men to day, and it may be well supposed that the Currys espoused the cause of the colonists, and not alone from motives of patriotism. It is remembered that the elder Curry was an untiring and powerful advocate of the patriot's cause, and when at length the blow was struck, his son James required no urging to take part in the conflict. He was then a young man of twenty-four, strong and active, and not unused to the duties of a soldier. His campaign to the Indian country, and experience at Point Pleasant two years before, had been good schooling for him, and we find that very soon after being enrolled, he was named a Lieutenant in the Eighth Virginia Regiment, Continential Establishment. It is not known exactly what time the young soldier began service, however, though we do know the date of his Lieutenant's commission. A statement of his account with the United States Government up to December 31, 1781 (hereafter shown in the fac simile), fixes the beginning of his Lieutenancy at .June 24, 1777, yet he must have been for some months be- fore a private, or non-commissioned officer ; however, has served as a Lieutenant in the Eighth Virginia, until September 23, 1779, when he was commissioned as a Captain in the Fourth Vir- ginia, and so served doubtless until the close of the war. During the greater part of this service, he was on staff duty, most of the time at the headquarters of Col. Nathaniel Gist. Winters he was usually detailed as a recruiting officer at Staunton, summers always in the field with his chief. With the scanty authority at command (and it may be stated that a great public library has been assiduously, but vainly searched), it is impossible to fix accurately the part taken by the Eighth and Fourth Virginia Regiments in the war. It is known, however, that Col. Curry him- self was at the battle of Brandywine, on the 11th of September, 1777, the first general engage- ment between the American forces under Gen. Washington's immediate command and the British. He was indeed with the army under Washington through the whole of the disastrous fall campaign of 1777. He participated in the famous battle of Germantown October 4, 1777, and was often heard to recite the stirring incidents of that engagement. A memorandum in the hand writing of the late Otway Curry, his son, describing evidently in Col. Curry's own words the part taken by himself in the battle, may be of interest. " After Brandywine, the two armies caiue in close contact at the White House, but our forces crossed the river higher up and encamped at the Eighteen Mile Stone. During our stay at this place, we distinctly heard the cannonading at Mud Fort, and heard also the explosion of the Augusta. The Commanding General having determined to attack the British forces at German- town, issued a general order for the encouragement of the troops, wherein was displayed, in glowing colors, the recent success of the Northern army under Gates, at Saratoga. About dusk the whole force was in motion, moving d^-ectly on Germantown, which was situated on the main road to Philadelphia. Unavoidable delays, occasioned by the ammunition wagons and artillery, together with the fatigues of a night march, so far overcame the watchfulness of the troops that many of the files were actually dozing, and would have halted and slept upon their feet, had it not been for the impulse given them by other files immediately succeeding them. Still farther inconvenience was experienced on account of the road being in many places obstructed by shal- low pools of water. The advancing platoons filed otf to right and left for the purpose of pass- ing with dry feet, a movement which could not be accomplished without considerable delay. On being acquainted with this circumstance. Gen. Washington rode hastily forward and ad- dressed the officers personally, ' Gentlemen, Officers, I call upon you to exert yourselves. If you keep filing around every mud-puddle in this manner, when shall we reach the enemy? ' The effect of this laconic address was very salutary. Officers and privates went forward by common consent with a quicker and firmer step. There was no more going around the puddles, obstacles were unheeded, and there seemed to be no feeling but to reach the British quarters in the quickest time possible. '' About daybreak the advance came upon the picket guard of the enemy at Chestnut Hill, which retreated precipitately, after discharging a field piece to giA'e the alarm to the main body. After a short but rapid pursuit, we found ourselves suddenly confronted by the British lines at Germantown, and in a few moments the random firing, which had been previously kept up, was succeeded by an almost unremitted crash of small arms and artillery, along the whole extent of the contending armies. The morning was darkened by a heavy fog, which blended with the smoke of the firing, had became so thick that we were unable to distinguish the British uniform at twenty paces, and were only assured of their locality by the streams of fire emitted from their pieces, which were leveled toward us. The enemy very soon gave way, and were unable to make a decided stand until nearly noon, when they were re-enforced by a strong detachment from Philadelphia, under the command of Lord CornAvallis. Our troops being imperfectly dis- ciplined and flushed with success, were unfortunately in disorder at this critical juncture, and were in consequence, though not until after a hard struggle, forced literally to retreat from vic- tory. We were pursued by the enemy a distance of two or three miles, until we attained a favorable position on some rising ground, from whence we were enabled to check their progress by a few discharges of artillery. The retreat was then continued some distance beyond the former encampment." JEROME TOWNSHIP. 297 It is a matter of history that Washington was forced to make this battle, which ended in defeat, by public clamor, and against liis better judgment. The army of Washington engaged in no more battles that fall, and as winter approached went into camp at Valley Forge. The suiferings of this camp were often alluded to by Col. Curry, the historical descriptions of which are familiar to all. The evacuation of Philadelphia by the British, under Sir Henry Clinton, June 18, 1778, opened the campaign of that year. Washington put his army in motion, and following the re- treating British, attacked them at Monmouth, N. J., June ^8. It was a drawn battle, as history tells, nevertheless the British, fearing to risk a second day's engagement, stole away in the night, and by daybreak were beyond pursuit. It was here that Gen. Washington so severely arraigned Gen. Lee for the disorderly retreat of his troops. Col. Cnrry was within hearing, and distinctly remembering, was often heard to repeat the stinging words of the great commander. Riding up to Lee, he said: "Sir, what means this disorderly retreat ? " " Sir, your raw militia cannot cope with the British regulars," replied Lee. " You have not ti-ied them," said Washington, and wheeling his horse rallied the flying columns. Then turning to Lee, he asked, "Will you command?" "Yes," exclaimed the discomfited officer, "and I will not be the first to leave the field." Neither was he, but for the rest of the day carried his troops valiantly through the hottest of the fight. Col. Curry remained with the army in the field until the winter following, when he was de- tailed for the recruiting service, and stationed at Staunton. In the spring he returned to the army and was on active staif duty, following the fortunes of the army of Washington throughout the year. The winter of 1779 found him again at Staunton as a recruiting officer. Again in the spring of 1780 we find him in the field,and as active operations were this year transferred to theCar- olinas, his experiences were uneventful. The following winter he was again at Staunton, recruit- ing men, but he seems to have returned early to the army, for he was one of the 700 veteran Virginians detached and ordered to the relief of Gen. Lincoln, who was defending Charleston, S. C. Col. Curry's story of the march to the succor of that beleaguered city is remembered as of thrilling interest. The column started from Philadelphia in February, 1781. The snow was the deepest that had ever been known, and wa^ badly drifted. It was crusted over, however, as to uphold horses and wagons, and Avas so deep that artillery even could be hauled over the tops of the fences. But in low places and along the streams wagons and artillery were constantly breaking through, entailing the hardest work to get them again onto solid snow. Reaching the neighborhood of Charleston, they were taken into small boats in an endeavor to enter the city by water at night ; they had a sorry time, however, drifting about in the harbor, frequently losing sight of the city's lights, and were finally compelled to board a French vessel, and remain till morning. Col. Curry was never weary telling of that night's adventures in Charleston Har- bor. Among other things, he used to repeat the go-^d French Captain's words of encourage- ment, " The English can no possible take Charleston." But they did take it, nevertheless ; the next morning, April 7, 1781, they rowed into the city, entering it just two days before the British blockading squadron closed the harbor. Two days more and they would have been spared the consequences of Gen. Lincoln's surrender, for they could not have passed the cordon of British troops which forbade a land approach. For more than a month the beleag- uered Americans defended themselves, with heroic fortitude, soldiers and citizens combated every British approach, but were finally on the 12th of May compelled to succumb. The capit- ulation put the American troops on parole as prisoners of war, and for some months Col. Curry was compelle 1 to a life of inactivity. During the siege, the Colonel was severely wounded in the hand by the bursting of a shell. After the surrender, the American officers were treated with much distinction by their British captors. An incident, often related by Col. Curry, exhib- its the wonderful agility of the man at this time, and the dexterity to which he had arrived in the use of the sword. Out walking one day in the environs of the city, accompanied by a party of British officers, a rabbit was espied. Drawing his sword he made^a plunge, and spitting the unfortunate animal, turned, and with a polite bow, extended it to the principal officer of the party. While lying at Charlestown, he figured, too, in an aflair of honor, no less than a duel, be- tween his chief. Gen. Nathaniel Gist (for whom he was a second), and Gen. Wade Hampton, an- cestor of the celebiated South Carolinian, now bearing that name. But one shot was fired and the matter was settled without bloodshed. His account of the duel, as well as of another in which he was one time during the war a second, is well remembered. In the other affair, he supported a Capt. Kirkpatrick, a fiery Irish officer, who engaged a Capt. McCook. In this encounter Capt. McCook was severely wounded, and so hot was the contest that a tragedy was barely avoided. Duels in those days were, however, of frequent occurrence amongst officers, and Col. Curry seemed never to attach much importance to the part he had playel in the two referred to. From the surrender of Charleston, even the principal points in the military career of Col. Curry are involved in doubt. The length of time he was on parole as a prisoner of war is un- certain, but it is a family tradition that it was for fourteen months, during which time he " was 298 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. not to cross any river, bay, or arm of the sea, nor to go farther than five miles into the country." On the other hand, it is claimed that the young otBcer was early exchanged and was in the fall following at the siege of Yorktown, October 19, 1781. Certainly G*n. Lincoln was there, as was most of the army which had been humiliated the May before in South Carolina. ]5ut whether at Yorktown or not, he was in the service until the close of the war, and is thought to have been with Washington when the great leader made his triumphant entry into New York City, November 25, 1783. The term of Col. Curry's service is furthermore fixed beyond dis- pute by the wording of an old land patent, dated March 16, 1816, and signed by James Madi- son, President. This patent recites that " in consideration of military service performed by James Curry, a captain (sic) for six months more than six years, to the United States in the Virginia line, on Continental establishment ****** there is granted by the United States unto the said James Curry, etc." The fall and winter of 1783 wound up the war of the Revolution, the British evacuating New York and quitting the ountry the day of Washington's entry. The 4th of December following, the commander-in-chief took farewell of his officers and went to Annapolis, where Congress was in session, where December 28, he resigned his commission. About this time. Col. Curry's commission must have expired, or he had been mustered out of the service, as it is known that he was in Staunton a good part of the winter of 1783-84. He had served his country valiantly and well through the long and bloody struggle for independ- ence, and at the close we find him returned to the avocations of peace, among the foremost of his countrymen shaping and administering the laws of the newly unfranchised country. Concluding our necessarily imperfect and meager history of Col. Curry's military career, we are happily able to present a fac simile of a statement of his account with the Unite 1 States during a portion of his service. It is on a great sheet of old-time paper, yellow with age (it must have been written in 1782), and strikingly exhibits in its careful ruling, its regular columns, and beautifully shaped characters, the methodic habits of the man, and theexpertness with which he could, when required, handle the pen. It will be noticed that his calculations were in pounds, shillings and pence, and. as indication of the worthless condition to which the currency of the colonies was then reduced, it should be observed that his second column of figures on each page is a showing of the true values of the moneys handled, being but two per cent of the whole. Unlike most accounting officers these times, it will be noticed, too, that Col. Curry was a creditor of the Government he had been serving, having a balance in his favor of some hun- dreds of pounds. At Staunton, he filled several important civil offices, amongst others. Clerk of the Court of Augusta County. He was then thirty-one years of age, in the prime of intellectual and physica vigor, and, having rendered conspicuous military services, was entitled to and received the un- bounded confidence of the people of that county. The 20th day of November, 1784, he was married near Staunton to the daughter of a Capt. Robert Burns (then deceased), who had been an honored officer in the Pennsylvania line throughout the war. His home had been at Charlottesville, N. C, where this daughter was born 10th October, 1768. She v/as a beautiful young girl when married to Col. Curry, scarcely more than half her husband's age, but well educated and of unusual strength of character; and she was simple Mary Burns when married, but the name did not please her husband and it was agreed that it should be changed to Maria. But this did not fully satisfy the ardent man, and his young wife was finally persmded to answer to the name of Maria Magdalene, by which she was ever after known. The child had been, during the war, a great deal with her father, who, it seems, was an officer of one of the departments of supplies, stationed at many different points. She had thus, though but a mere child, been an eye witness of many of the stirring scenes of the Revolution, and, in after years, recounted with an unfailing memory the numerous thrilling incidents of her army experience. She was a great reader, especially of poetry, and, among all her favorites in the latter years of her life, none stood so high as Robert Burns, with whose family her own was understood to be connected. She was tall of person, and finely formed, her hair luxuriant and dark brown, and her eyes a beautiful blue. She had a ttineful voice of winning sweetness, ani must have been withal a charming, handsome woman indeed. She had, too, an extraordinary memory, and could repeat, as she often did to her children, her favorite poets by the hour. Then she was ever telling her children old stories and fairy tales, and the venerable Mrs. Martha, Boal Taylor, of Columbus, who lived in her childhood on an ad- joining farm, remembers that it was her supreme delight to get an evening at Mrs. Curry's fire- side, and listen to her wonderful accounts of the land of elfs. The late Otway Curry was never weary talking of this mother of his, whose poetic heart had instilled into his own sucti a love of the beautiful and true. She it was who first turned his eyes to the glory of the starry heav- ens, and taught him the names of the constellations, and she it was who guided his early lisp- ing tongue to put sweet thoughts and beautiful words into rhythm and rhyme. Her transition from the life of ease and comfort to which she had been accustomed in Vir- ginia to the wilderness of Ohio must have been a sad trial, but it is in evidence that she accept- ed her lot, and shared with her husband and children the discomforts of a pioneer cibin cour- f ) ^ «. < ^ ' t ^>, ^^ '^ ^ ^ I i I I i^ ■ 1 , 1 1 ! : I 1 1 ' 1 I I ; .' i '^^ 4 .4^ V; * s 4 f U JEROME TOWNSHIP. 301 ageously and uncomplainingly. She died January 10, 1826, on the farm in Jerome Township which her husband had settled in 1811. But to resume in connected form a narrative of the life of Col. Curry. We find that after marriage he lived for a year in Staunton, and here the first child of the happy couple was born, a boy, whom they named Robert Burns, in honor of the young mother's dead father. This child was born November 2, 1785, dying when grown to manhood, December 7, 1805, at his father's home, in the new State of Ohio. The year 1785 Col. Curry moved to Rockingham C. H., afterward called Harrisonburg, county seat of the newly made county of Rockingham. He engaged in merchandising in this new home, and held the while several offices of trust, both civil and military. He was, amongst other things. Brigade Inspector of the Seventh Brigade, a salaried position of much importance. It was his duty to attend each place of muster, and "superintend the exercise" of the troops. In this connection, a very interesting paper, in the hands of W. L Curry, signed by Brig. Gen. Isaac Zane, exists, directing " Major" James Curry to attend for the purpose of "superintending the exercises" of the regiments, the several mus- tering places named, Woodstock, Cunningham's Mill, Harrisonburg and Staunton. It is dated September 26, 1794. Here a half-sister of his wife, a daughter of her father's second marriage, Peggy, was married about the year 1798, to one Jewitt Gamble, to whom numerous children were born — children whose descendants are to-day scattered all through the South. This Jewitt Gamble was a brother of Robert Gamble, one of Staunton's leading merchants of that day, a man who after- ward removed to Richmond, and became one of the heaviest business men of that city and im- mensely wealthy. He married Letitia, a daughter of Gen. .lames Breckenridge, and left two sons, one of whom became Governor of Florida and the other of ISIissouri. One of his daughters married William Wirt, one Chancellor Harper, of South Carolina, and one AV. H. Cabill, Gover- nor of Virginia. In Harrisonburg, Col. Curry greatly prospered, and here his second child, James A., was born, March 30, 1787, who, coming with his parents into Union County, lived to a ripe old age and died March 1, 1874. And here was born a son, Otway, March 30, 1789, who died when but three years old. Here, too, was born Harriet, their first girl child, who died an infant, in her second year. Here, too, was born Harriet Smith, April 3, 1793, who came with her parents to Ohio, was married to James Buck, and died in Union County August 10, 1845. In the fall of 1797, Col. Curry determined to remove to the territory of Ohio, in which the State of Virginia had reserved an immense tract of land for the use of her soldiers in the war of the Revolution. It was the soldier's ultima thule, and glowing accounts of its vast reaches of forest and alluvial bottom lands having reached Virginia, thither flocked the men of war, with their families and friends, in rapidly increasing numbers. Selling his property. Col. Curry with his little family safely sheltered in a great wagon drawn by five horses, started October 5, 1797. for his long journey over the mountains of Virginia. Reaching Morganstown on the Monongahela Paver, he embarked on a flat-boat and made the remainder of the journey down that stream and the Ohio, and to the confines of the territory of his destination by water. This voyage was very tedious, some six months having been consumed in making it, and very hazardous. The winter of 1797-98 was a hard one, tUe rivers full of ice and floating trees, so that very often the devoted family thought themselves doomed to destruction. However, the mouth of the Scioto River was finally entered, and after weeks of contest against its angry cur- rent, the wanderers at length reached what was afterward known as High Bank Prairie, Ross County, landing April 1, 1798. Here Col. Curry erected his first house, a cabin without door, floor, or window, in which he lived for two years. He then removed to the present site'of Greenfield, Highland County, where, for eleven years, he lived and cultivated the land. Here three children were born — Stephenson, December 3, 1801, who died in Union County, April 2, 1861 ; Otway, March 26, 1804, who died in Marysville February 15, 1855 ; and Louisa, July 21, 1807, who came with her parents to Union County, where she married Nelson Cone and still lives. The settlement at Greenfield was a prosperous and healthy one, numbering some 200 souls; and during the whole of Col. Curry's residence there, not a physician lived in the place. The nearest doctor was at Chillicoihe, twenty miles away, and when sickness did occur. Col. Curry was always called upon for prescriptions. He was surgeon, too, for broken limbs and fract- ured bones, but it is not recorded that he ever undertook to amputate an offending member. Col. Curry held but one office, we believe, while living in Highland County, that of Brigade Inspector. His service as an oflScer in the Revolutionary army was, of course, well known, and he had been often urged to take a part in military matters, but had steadily refused. Duncan Mc Arthur had been for a long time the Inspector, but had, for some reason, become unpopular, when, one general muster (1806 probably), it was decided to oust him. An ofiicer named Christian Platter said, " Let's elect a man who has some sense," whereupon the voters, with one single exception, cast their ballots for Col. Curry (McArthur getting just one vote), who had, at once, though protesting and unwilling, to take the office. McArthur, who had before this been a frequent visitor and an industrious reader of the Colonel's ample library of books, never agiin entered Col. Curry's door. At the next election, Col. Curry peremptorily refused, and Gen. McArthur was again given the place. In this connection an amusing story is told. 302 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Mc Arthur was so elated that he broke in three barrels of whisky, inviting the boys to help themselves as they desired and be happy. A grand old carousal, worthy the time and the men, followed. Col. Curry's horse got loose, and going home, warned the family to send for its master. His son, James A., started immediately, and midway met a man named Hamilton, drunk and happy. He was sober enough, however, to declare that the " muster was over; that it had been a glorious time; that there had been a great outpouring of spirit, and that over 300 souls were down !" Col. Curry brought with him warrants for many thousand acres of land, issued for military services. He had also a warrant for 9,000 acres issued because of money paid into the treas- ury of the State of Virginia. The military warrants were variously laid, portions in what is now Ross and Highland and Fayette Counties, Ohio, one of a thousand acres in Southwestern Kentucky, and in 1807, one of a thou sand acres (Survey No. 1,440) in what is now Jerome Town- ship, Union County. Other warrants were intrusted to a man by the name of Harrod, the founder of Harrodsburg, Ky., and lost. The treasury warrant was never laid. The old Colonel had too much land, so he kept this warrant to look at, satisfied and doubtless gratified to think that some day his grandchildren could use and enjoy it. But alas for the uncertainty of human calculations, after his death, the warrant fell into the hands of Silas G. Strong, was lost and never recovered. Years afier, when the matter came to be investigated, the State of Virginia was found to have no lands left upon which a warrant could be laid, and as the United States Government could never be persuaded to father the treasury land debts of the mother of States, that 9,000-acre principality was found to be eternally gone. Nevertheless, the writer was once told in Richmond that the State had doubtless a good many mountain peaks yet untaken, whereon the warrant or its re-issue might be laid. The year 1811, Col. Curry removed himself and family to the Jerome Township land. His son, James A., had, in company with a man by the name of Joseph Bell, gone up the winter be- fore and made a clearing on the place now owned by W. W. Cutry, and a man named Call had cleared a portion of the present farm of John Nonemaker, and erected a cabin. In the Call cabin Col. Curry began life in a wilderness for the third time. The country was practically un- settled, only a few houses being scattered along the Darby, and Indians were everywhere. The savages were far from being peacebly disposed, and as the war with England of 1812 was im- pending, the most serious consequences to the family of Col. Curry were feared, as the result of his rash removal to the wilds of Madison County. Illustrative of the dangers then supposed to attend such a residence, an old letter addressed "Col. James Curry, Madison County, Ohio, to the care of Mr. Cadwalader Wallace, Chillicothey," is a point. This letter, postmarked Harri- sonburg, Va., February 16, 1813, bears the following request : " Mr. Wallace will oblige Alex Herring (the writer), by forwarding this to Col. Curry, as it is probable he has moved from his residence in Madison County, for fear of the Indians." The Colonel, nevertheless, had not re- moved from his newly made home, where the letter finally reached him. But the family had many flights, and not a few thrilling adventures. An experience of unusual interest is narrated elsewhere, when the brave mother, arming her two children, Stephenson and Otway, made ready to defend her little home against savage assault. In this home and on this farm, now owned, as stated, by John Nonemaker, Col. James Curry lived the remainder of his days. The territory was then Madison County, and the Colonel was no sooner well located than his fellow- citizens returned him to the Legislature of the State, representing the district composed of Delaware and Madison Counties. This was for the session of 1812-18, when the capital was at Chillicothe. The nomination was altogether unexpected, and of course unsolicited. As proof of this, Mr. James Cone, of Jerome, remembers reading, when a chunk of a boy, a letter, dated at Delaware, and signed by a committee, stating that a convention of citizens had without con- sulting him, presumed to place his name at the head of their ticket. The letter ended by say- ing tbat they hoped he would feel free to give his influence in favor of the ticket so nominated. In wonderful contrast this to the modern way of procuring candidates for office. The succeed- ing winter, that of 1813-14, the Colonel was again sent to represent the district, the Legisla- ture again meeting in Chillicothe. This session (or possibly the one before) the new capital, Columbus was projected, and the membership must have numbered very many choice spirits. The following letter in the clearly cut chirography of Samuel P. Hildreth, one of Ohio's early historians, and by him signed, shows that there was fan as well as legislation going on at Chilli- cothe that session : Marietta, January 20, 1813. My Dear Colonel: Tour favor by hand of Col. Barber wa8 duly received, and it is quite pleasing to me that I still retain a place in your memory. I am happy to hear that things go on smoothly in No. 6,* and I would have given hU my old shoes to have been with you on that evening when " Crazy Bill "f was initiated in the mywteries of the UiretturBhip of Columbus, that city which is to he the Babylon of Ohio. It must have been a lively and happy evening with yuu — on one side was Col. Jim'sJ pipe throwing out continued volleys of smoke, on the other Gen. CasseVg broad mouth throwing out continued volleys of laughter, with here and there interspersed Ludlow's chaiD ■ 1 ■ * A room doubtless of the hotel. + \Vlio was this? iCnl. Curry. 3 Gen. Lewis Cass. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 303 of causes and effects; and the sallies of wit and liumor from the rest of the company, all combined, must have had a very happy eflect, andjvould have relaxed the stern muscles of Diogenes had he been there. I should have highly enjoyed the scene could I have been present; but as I could not be, I can console myself with the thought that some of my friends were there and were happy, which to me is at all times a pleasing reflection. I am happy to hear that my friend Ludlow has been successful, as he is really a worthj' and deserving man, and will fill the station* with propriety and ability. I am also pleased that the office of Major General has fallen to the lot of Mr. Cass. He will support it with dignity and show to the people of the State of Ohio that its Legislature has not mistaken their confidence. This election will probably put to sleep any further inquiries respecting the Major General of the Sec- ond Division. I liave to regret that my acquaintance with Col. Curry could not have been longer, but from what few days we were acquainted I feel a growing attachment, which twice that number of years will not obliterate, and believe me, sir, when I say I shall consider that day which introduced you to my acquaintance as one of the most interesting in my calendar. However, I hope and trust that our knowledge of each other is not to end here, but that we shall yet pass many hajipy hours together. With sentiments of respect, I am your friend, S. P. Hildbeth. Col. J. Curry, Member of the Legislature, Chilliothe, Ohio. Col. Curry was returned from the Deliware and Madison district, the winter of 1814-1.5, and in the session of 1815-16 we find him again a member from that district, the Legislature still convening at Chillicothe. The next year and the first in which the Legislature sat at Co- lumbus, the new capital, 1816-17, the two counties were each given a representation, and Col. Curry's own county, Madison, took up a new man, one Isaac Miner. The Colonel was not retired to private life, however, for this year (1816) he was chosen one of the electors who met at Chillicothe, and cast the vote of the State for James Monroe of Vir- ginia, for President, and Daniel D. Tompkins of New York, for Vice President. His associates were .John G. Young, Abraham Shepherd, Aaron Wheeler, Uthniel Looker, John Patterson, Ben- jamin Hough and William Skinner. The sessions of the Legislature of 1817-18 and 1818-19, Miner continued to sit for the county, but that of 1819-'20, Col. Curry was returned as Madison's representative. This, the eighteenth General Assemb'y of the State of Ohio, the last in which the Colonel ever sat as a member, was held at Columbus, that "modern Bibylon," and it is to be supposed that Mr. Hil- dreth was there and all the genial spirits who the winter of 1813-14 had made tbe walls of" No. 6" at Chillicothe echo with sallies of wit and volleys of laughter. This session, a bill for the organization of Union County, was introduced into the Senate by Gen. Foos, then representing Franklin, Madison and Delaware, and passed. The bill went to the Hotise Friday, December 24, 1819, and on motion of Col. Curry was made the order for the following Tuesday, when it was passed and became a law. June 3, 1811, Col. Curry was made the happy father of another son, his last child, and the only one ever born in Madison County. To this son the name of Robert Burns was given, a very appropriate reproduction of that borne by his firstborn child. This son, now an old man with whitened hair, but when last in Ohio as light of heart and as playful as when thirty years younger, yet lives, having years ago removed to the State of Kansas. The Colonel's only oth^r living child, a daughter, married, as has been stated, to Mr. Nelson Cone, and yet lives in Jerome Township in sight of the spot where seventy-two years ago her parents first made their home. A venerable, intelligent, gentle woman, though sa'ily afflicted, she still lives, the joy of her household, respected, loved, revered by every one, kin and stranger, who comes within her sweet presetjce. But though Col. Curry did not again return to the duty of making laws, he was, in the years 1822-23-'24-'25-26-27 and 1828, one of the Associate Judges of the county who executed them. The courts were held in Milford, and from the April term of 1822 to the August term of 182?, the bench was constituted : John A. McDowell, President Judge, David Mitchell. William Gabriel, James Curry, Associates. The November term of 1823, Gustavis Swan was President Judge, same Associates. April term of 1824, Ebentzer Lane became President Judge, and the same Associates held till the February term of 1826, when Robert Nelson was appointed in place of Col. Curry. October term of 1827, Ebenezer Lane still presiding ; Col. C. returned to the bench, displacing David Mitchell. February terra of 1828, Gustavis Swan again became Presiding Judge, so continuing Col. Curry, William Gabriel and Robert Nelson as Associates to and including the September term of 1828. This was the last of Col. Curry's office holding, and as he was now some seventy-six years of age, he was probably quite Vi^illing to relinquish into other and younger hands the duties of office, which in either a military or civil capacity he had been with but little cessa- tion fulfilling continuously for fifty years. Full of honors, and enjoying to the utmost the con- fidence and esteem of the people of the county he had been instrumental in organizing, he at a ripe old age retired to his farm, to spend peacefully, what few days might yet remain for him. Though old in years, he was still strong and vigorous, it is remembered, in body and mind. He succumbed, however, to an attack of apoplexy, dying July 5, 1834, at 10 o'clock A. M. Two days after, his body was laid to rest by that of his beloved wife, who had preceded him some eight years, and the two yet lay side by side in a quiet corner of the old farm, which in 1807 he had covered with Survey 1440. So ceased the life of CjI. James Curry. In estimating his character, we have only to point to the fact that while as an officer, civil or military, he achieved no illustrious fame, he was steadily and persistently successful in every position he undertook to * What position was this? 304 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. fill and failed in none. As a citizen, husband, father, few men excelled him in the respect with which he was held by his neighbors and friends, and in the love and esteem borne him by his wife and children. He had been a captivating man in youth, and Mrs. Nelson Cone now de- clares that he was the handsomest man she ever saw; she remembers her uncle John's state- ment that her father and mother were the handsomest couple ever married in Staunton. Mrs. Cone mentions, too, his appearance on horseback, " the finest" she ever saw. He was of medium height, about five feet ten, weighed some two hundred pounds, was very broad across the shoulders and back, and was of wonderful strength and activity. In dress, while not particular on the farm, he was scrupulously exact and neat when going abroad to the legis- lature or to court. He was of very regular habits and most punctilious as to his children and other members of his ho'isehold. He would never go to the table, or pay any attention to a no- tice that a meal was ready, unless asked, "Please come to dinner, father," and when seated the children while small were not permitted to speak aloud. He insisted on perfect obedience, yet was very kind. He kept his money in the till of a chest, and Mrs. Cone remembers that when a child she would frequently find money lying on the floor near by, as if accidently dropped, which she would always carry to her father. His reply invariably was, " Why, how careless. Well, Louise, you can keep it for yourself." As to his political creed, he was an uncompro- mising .Jacksonian Democrat, hating the very name of Federalism. His two sons, Stephenson and Otway, came, however, in time to be anti-Jacksonian, Otway particularly leading in many a wordy, excited debate with his father. These boys, the old gentlemen was accustomed to call his little tories. In religion, he was perhaps more a Baptist than anything else, though he was never a church member. Nevertheless he always said grace at the table, and up to his wife's death, possibly after, conducted family worship eich and every morning. Mr. Nelson Cone remem- bers talking with him as to the division of the Baptists on the communion question, and that he took sides with the "open communion" faction. However, the good man himself tells us what were his religious beliefs away along back ia 1782, when a young man of thirty, and it is not known that he had at all changed his sentiments in after years. An old faded, course grained, fool's-cap sheet, dated October 7,' 82, and signed with a fine, flowing hand, James Curry, tells the story : Eternal God ! I am Thy creature, brought into being by Thy power, and hitherto haat been the care of Thy in dulgent providence. Thou midst ma happy in my first parents after Thy image, the whole man upright, disposed- only to do Thy blessed will. But by the unhappy disobedience of this man I became (as well as the rest of mankind) a sinner. Am by uiture a child of wrath, am inclined to evil, to rebel against Thee, my rightful love. Am indis- posed to holiness, my heart naturally at eumity with God, nor subject to His law as my choice ; and Thou mightest be glorified in my damnation without the least imputation of injustice. I am ruined in myself, and in Thee only is my help. But in the unaccountable power of Thy grace. Thou hast devised a plan, well ordered in all things, and sure, by the incarnation, obedience and death of Thine eternal Son, whereby the demands of justice are fully satisfied and a righteousness wrought out, by which sinners of mankind may have a right to eternal life upon God's own terms. The record of Thy Word is that Thou hast given to us (sinners) eternal life, and that this life is in Thy Son, declaring that there is no condemnation to them that believe in Him. Everything has been done on Thy part, great God! to convince me of Thy gracious purpose and rich grace. Thou offerest an eternal life in Thy Son. 1 de- sire, however unworthy of the unspeakable grace, to credit Thy Word, and to believe that Jesus Christ is both an able and willing Savior, and that depending on Him I shall not perish, and that He has made a sufficient satisfaction to justice for my sins, and that in His righteousness imputed I shall stand complete in all the Word of God. I make choice of .Jesus Christ as my e, " I left on foot," said he, " traveled mostly alone through the wilderness, sad, gloomy and dispirited, until after many days I arrived west of the Alleghany Mountains, stopping at the house of Mr. Porter, a Presbyterian minister." He now prosecuted the study of Latin, privately, which he had begun in his native land. To procure temporary means of support, he taught, first a night school, and afterward a day school. In 1793, he married Miss Elizabeth Christy, of Westmoreland County, Penn. They had nine children, seven sons and two daughters, four of whom are still living, and one grandson. Rev. David Thompson, who is laboring in Jeddo, Empire of Japan, under the direction of the Pres- byterian Board of Foreign Missions. Mr. Hea felt it his duty, even after marriage, to finish his education, already commenced, and if it was the will of his Divine Master, to enter the work of the Gospel ministry ; for at his conversion and public profession of religion, he secretly vowed to his God that if He spared his life and gave him strength and grace, he would dedicate himself to the work of preaching the Gospel of Christ. With faith in Jesus, and his eye ever fixed upon his future calling, he labored and struggled on amid many adverse circumstances, with untiring zeal and more than ordinary industry, he worked his way through a literary course of education, teaching school, and studying alternately, until he graduated with honor at Jefferson College, when it was but a small school kept in a log-cabin near Canonsburg, Penn. Mr. Rea was among the first alumni of this college, and studied theology under the direction of Dr. John McMillen; was licensed to preach by the Ohio Presbytery, June, 1803, and after some three months' itinerancy in the wilderness of Central Ohio, among Indian camps and the few white settlements, he was appointed to supply the newly organized churches of Beech Springs, Crab-apple and vicinity ; for included in the latter was the Nottingham appointment, then con- sidered on the confines of civilization, but now in the midst of a well-improved and densely populated country. After preaching for one year, as stated supply of these congregations, a united call was made out and carried up to the Presbytery, from these churches, in the spring of 1805, for each one-half of the labors of Mr. Rea, which was put into his hands and accepted. He was immediately ordained and installed pastor of said congregations by the Presbytery of Ohio. The country settled up rapidly, and his charges grew as fast, so that it soon became nec- essary to have the relation between the two churches dissolved, that he might labor all his time at the Beech Springs, with the exception that a portion of his services, at discretion, might be occupied in fostering those vines springing up on his borders ; and so untii-ing and devoted was this servant of Christ, that, besides ministering to the wants of so large a church, he found time to be instrumental in raising up some six or seven separate societies, that went out as col- 314 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. onies from the mother church and are now self-sustaining and prominent congregations. Dr. Rea died of decay of vital powers, February 12, 1855, at his residence near Unionville, Ohio (among the people of his charge, with whom, in part, he first settled), in the eighty-third year of his age and fifty-second of his ministry, greatly and deservedly beloved and esteemed as a citizen, Christian and faithful preacher of "Christ and Him crucified." Whatever else he omitted, he never neglected due preparation for the pulpit ; his sermons evinced research, in- vention and original thought. It might be truly said of him that he was everywhere a living example of a Christian minister. He taught both by precept and daily walk. Mr. Rea estab- lished the Nottingham Mission, in 1806, and served it at stated times from the beginning, until 1810, when all his labors were required at Beech Springs, where his pastorate continued forty- five years, and during all this time he was much beloved and appreciated by the people. The older members of the congregation were enthusiastically attached to him, both as a preacher and spiritual adviser, and well they might be, for he was untiring in his exertions for their well- being. JAMES W. HERRIOTT, deceased, was born in Mercer County, Penn., February 3, 1830. When four years of age, his parents, Samuel and Mary T. (Corey) Herriott, removed and settled in Jerome Township. Mr. Herriott is the third of fourteen children. His early life was spent on the farm, and for an education he enjoyed only the advantages of the cotnmon schools. Novem- ber 9, 1849, he joined himself in marriage with Miss Margery, a daughter of John and Margery Cunningham, who came to Delaware County in 1828. Mr. C. died September 27, 1859, and his wife October 3, 1853. Mrs. H. was born in Delaware County December 29, 1829. Of thirteen children born to this marriage, nine are living, viz. : Jane, wife of William Cox; Mary T., wife of Girard Hughes; Hannah R., wife of R. G. Hill; Maria A., wife of R. S. Fry ; Lovina S., William B., Nora R., Laura M. and Frances. Joanna, Margery A., Angeline and Sarah E. are deceased. Mr. Herriott resided in Delaware County till April, 1875, when he purchased the old homestead in Jerome, where he died March 8, 1882. In connection with farming he operated an ashery for nine years. He left a farm of seventy acres, besides fifty acres in Dela- ware County. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics he was of Repub- lican principles. J. E. HERRIOTT, M. D., physician, Jerome, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, Septem- ber 17, 1849. He is a son of Ebenezer C. and Elnora Herriott, the former a native of Mercer County, Penn., and the latter of Harrison County, Ohio. Ebenezer Herriott came to the county with his parents, Samuel and Mary T. Herriott, in 1834. They were natives of New Jersey, and of Scotch descent, and died in Jerome Township. In 1848, Ebenezer removed to Delaware County, where he lived till 1856, and returned to Union County. He died August 19, 1871 ; his wife's death occurred August 19, 1861. Our subject is the eldest of seven children. He re- ceived his literary education in the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware, and in 1870 began reading medicine with Dr. James Cutler, of Richwood. He attended the Starling Medical Col- lege of Columbus, and subsequently the Medical College of Cincinnati, from which institution he graduated in March, 1872. He came to Jerome Post Office, and entered upon the practice of his profession, which he has successfully followed. September 27, 1871, he was married to Saliema, daughter of Abraham and Bell Peters. Two children — Guersant P. and Gertrude May, were born to this union. Dr. Herriott has by close attention to his calling established a large practice. He and wife are associated as members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ANDREW J. HOBERT, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born near Plain City, in Madison County, April 27, 1828. His father was born in Vermont January 3, 1802. His mother dying when he was an infant, he was taken by Samuel Stone to rear, who removed to Madison County, Ohio, in 1816. He was married August 25, 1826, to Margaret Gandy, who was born in Colum- biana County, Ohio, November 7, 1811, andcame with her parents to Leesburg Township in 1832. In the year 1833, Mr. and Mrs. Hobert settled in Jerome Township, where ihey both died ; the former October 16, 1849, and the latter July 7, 1881. Andrew, the second child, was reared to manhood on a farm, till nineteen, when he took up the cooper's trade, and followed it in Frankfort seven years. He purchased ninety-one acres, settling on it in 1858. He now owns 117 acres of well improved and highly cultivated land. It has a sugar camp of 500 trees, and manufactures about 1,000 pounds of sugar annually. June 6, 1858, he was married to Miss Jane A., daughter of Chester and Emily Pool. Mrs. Hobert was born in Cattaraugus County, N. Y., November 6, 1838. One daughter, Josie M., is the only child. She was born September 26, 1860, and married Prof. W. S. Kennedy. Mamie and Charlie are deceased. Mr. Hobert was a member of the Board of Township Trustees three terms. Politically, he is Republican. J. S. HOWLAND, M. D., physician, New California, was born in Brown County, Ohio, Jan- uary 28, 1843, and is a son of Jonathan and Eliza J. (Stewart) Howland, of Brown County ; his father's parents were Ichabod and Eliza (Beam) Howland, pioneers in the above county in which they and the father of our subject died ; his mother resides at Somerville, this county. He is the third child of a family of tea children, nine of whom are living. His boyhood was principally passed in the counties of Pendleton, Lewis and Mason, in Kentucky, but he received the rudiments of his education at Winchester, Ky,, which was more fully developed at the Leb- anon (Ohio) Normal School. October 8, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Seventh Ohio Volunteer JEROME TOWNSHIP. 315 Cavalry, and served with distinction under Gens. Gilmore, Burnside, Sherman and Thomas, and participated in the battles of Somerset, Knoxville, Bean Station, Rogersville, Blaines Cross Roads, Peach Tree Creek, Resaca, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Franklin, Nashville, Ebenezer Church, Selma, Ala., and Columbus, Ga. He served in succession, Corporal, Quartermaster Sergeant, Duty Ser- geant, Chief Clerk in Commissary Department, and Chief Issuing Clerk in the Post Commissary Department. The latter place he filled at Atlanta from April 1, 1865, till his discharge .July 11, the same year. He then came to Fayette County, where his parents had moved while in the service, and in 1868 embarked in teaching, which he followed till 1875, when he turned his at- tention to medicine. He read three years with Dr. A. J. Richardson, of Somerville, and took a course in the Miami Medical College of Cincinnati. In February, 1877, he located at New Cal- ifornia, and has since been successfully engaged in the practice of his profession. January 16, 1868, he was married to Miss Louisa Edgington, a daughter of JesSe Edgington, by whom he has had three children — Orlie, Irene and Jesse. Dr. Howland and wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He is connected with the I. 0. 0. F. and G. A. R. THOMAS JONES, for a number of years a prominent citizen of Union County, was born in Wales July 29, 1823. When eight years of age, his parents, John and Winifred Jones, emi- grated to the United States and settled down in Columbus, Ohio, where they both died. Mr. Jones spent his early life in Columbus, and was educated in the public schools of that place. In 1852-53, he came to Union County and purchased 207 acres of land, to whic4 he added by subsequent purchase till his farm contained 300 acres. He also owned a farm of 185 acres on Darby Plains, Madison County. Mr. Jones was a leading and influential citizen, and as a fine stock-raiser was second to none in the county. He was especially engaged in keeping thorough- bred short-horned cattle and French Norman and Clydesdale horses. He was the first man to introduce French horses in the county, and owned one of the first Norman Stallions (Pleasant Valley Bill) that was imported to tne United States. In 1857, he bought the Norman mare Doll — the third one of the Norman stock that was imported into America. Mr. Jones was suc- cessfully engaged in the fine stock business till he removed to his farm near Delaware, since which time his sons, Charles M. and Albert N., have succeeded him in his useful enterprise. He was married, November 10, 1847, to Marium Newton, who was born in Madison County April 22, 1824. Their union was blessed with six children — Naniet N., wife of Dr. J. D. Jones, of Cleveland, Ohio ; Charles M., Albert N., Ellsworth E. and Winifred ; Ann, is deceased ; Charles M., was born June 9, 1850, and Albert N., November 20, 1850. They reside on the Jiomestead near Plain City. ARTHUR T. KENTON, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born in Mad River Township, Champaign County, February 16, 1824. He is a son of James Kenton, who was a nephew of the celebrated Simon Kenton, whose history is given at length elsewhere in this volume. James Kenton was the second child of nine children, viz.: Polly, James, Elizabeth, Sarah, Jane, Susan, Matilda, William and Richard. Mr. Kenton died in Mad River Township, in 1867, and his wife in Missouri in October, 1872. They were the parents of ten children, of whom four are now living, viz.: Julia, wife of George Gosley; Arthur T., the subject of this sketch; Celinda, wife of William Bates; and William H. H. The subject of this sketch was reared to manhood on the old Kenton homestead, and educated in the common schools of his day. He resided in Roundhead Township, Hardin County, from 1848 to 1854, when he returned toCbampaign County and lived on a part of the old homestead till December, 1862, when he removed to his present valuable farm. Mr. Kenton has been an unusually hard-woi'king man, and his industry, combined with rigid economy, has made for him large property. His occupation has been farming and rearing and dealing in stock, in which he has made a marked success. He owns 183 acres of land where he resides, estimated at $70 per acre, and 214 acres in Hardin County, worth $50 per acre. Sep- tember 12, 1848, Mr. Kenton was married to Rebecca L. Irwin, daughter of James and Christiana Irwin. Mrs. Kenton was born in Ross County, Ohio, August 28, 1826, and died July 27, 1872. They had eight children, viz.: Leonidas M., born June 10, 1849; Florence S., born May 17, 1852, wife of J. Ellis; Ettny, born October 17, 1858; B., born July 10, 1864; and Delia J., born August 29, 1866. James C, Thomas and Lilly R. are deceased. JAMES KETCH, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, an old and respected pioneer of Union County, was born in Canaan Township, Madison County, June 5, 1818. He is a son of Lewis and Sarah (Beach) Ketch, the former a native of York State, and the latter of Vermont. Mr. Ketch was bnrn March 29, 1795, and Mrs. Ketch June 9, 1797. They were married March 6, 1814, and the following fall removed to Darby Township, Madison County, where Mr. Ketch died January T, 1823. Mrs. Ketch was the mother of four children. She married for her second husband Parley Converse, and bore him five children. When but six years of age our subject was placed in the family of John Irwin, the father of Gen. William Irwin. He was reared till thirteen by Mr. Irwin, and for an education had the privileges of the common schools. In 1831, Mr. Irwin died, and young Ketch went to Madison County, and after spending one year returned to Union Township and worked at the carpenter trade with Gen. Irwin. He followed his trade up to 1844, when he purchased forty-four acres of his present farm. Of this all was woodland with no improvements except a log house, which had been partly erected. Everything dwelt in the wild dominion of nature, and deer, wolves, and other wild animals were numerous. Mr. Ketch 316 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. began the work of clearing and improving the farm, and made additions till he now owns 130 acres. Mr. Ketch was married, December 15, 1839, to Miss Rhoda Converse, daughter of .Jere- miah and Malinda (Derby) Converse, natives of Vermont. Mrs. Ketch was born in Madison County, Ohio, January 31, 1817. This union was blessed wiih ten children ; of these seven are living — Lester W., married Sarah N. Conklin ; Malinda D., wife of Isaac D. Mapes"; Louisa R., formerly wife of Isaac J. Kilbury, and since of Perry Douglas ; Lewis J., who was a member of Company I, One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was killed by a shell while in camp on the Atlanta campaign, August 6, \H6i ; Nancy F., wife of G. W. Stevens ; Olive F., died aged two years ; Harriet L., wife of C. C. Smith ; Hiram G , died in in- fancy; Hylas R. and Dexter D. .Mr. Ketch served Jerome Township as Justice of the Peace fifteen years, and as Trustee three years. !SIr. Ketch is familiar with the general growth and de- velopment of the county, his acquaintance with it dating back almost to its organization, and few important events occurred within its limits of which he has no knowledge. THOMPSON T. KILBURY, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Madison County, Ohio, June6, 1830. His parents, Thomas and Martha (Finch) Kilbury. were natives of Vermont. His father and parents removed to Madison County, Ohio, at an early day, and were among the first pioneers of Canaan Township. Mr. Kilbury, the father of our subject, took a contract of opening up and making the road from New California to Bellepoint. Tnompson was reared and brought up in his native place, and received his training in the common schools. He assisted his fiither in clearing up the home farm and remained on it till 1853, when he married. He rented lands till 1800, when he purchased 15H acres in .Jerome Township. It contained no im- provements save a log cabin, which was erected by Frederick Sager, one of the oldest pioneers of the county. The building is now used as a stable. March 24, 1853, Mr. Kilbury was mar- ried to Miss Darthula, daughter of Amos Perkins. Mrs Kilbury was born in Columbiana Coun- ty, Ohio, December 30, 1835. They have had seven children, viz.: Elmore S., born February 12, 1854; Amanda, September 26, 1855, wife of Edgar Powell; Emilius M.. March 15, 1858; Ulysses G., July 9, 1867 ; Emma S., November 3, 1868 ; Clark R., April 20, 1871, and Thomas E., February 18, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Kilbury are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is identified with the I. 0. of 0. F., and in politics is a Republican. He served as a member of the Board of Township Trustees nine years, and in other local offices. During the war he recruited an independent cavalry company. He declined the Captaincy and was given the rank of First Lieutenant. The company finally disbanded and enlisted in the three years' term of service. Mr. Kilbury subsequently became a member of tlie home militia. Mr. Kilbury owns a valuable farm on the Big Darby, and is engaged in the pursuits of farming. J.\C0B KRAMER, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Center County. Penn., December 24, 1822. September 20, 1814, his parents, Joseph and Mary (Brown) Kramer, were married, and in 1834 came to Madison County, Ohio. The following year they removed to Union Town- ship, Union County. Mr. Kramer was a blacksmith and followed it two years at Homer, then removed to .Madison County, and died at West Jefferson in August, 1873. Mr.-i. K. had died in August, 1849. Jacob is the second son of a family of eleven children. At the early age of twelve, he begin and served a four years' apprenticeship at his father's trade. He then turned his attention to farming, which he has since followed, e.Kcept the years 1850-51 he spent in driv- ing cattle from Illinois to Lancaster, Penn. In 1866, he located on his present farm and has since cultivated its soil. November, 1850, he was married to Miss Maria D., daughter of Dan- iel and Polly Kent, and a native of Jerome Township. Six children that were born to ihis union are as follows : Marilla J., wife of Joseph Wilson ; Mary E., Charles H., Album D., John H. and Anna. Mr. Kramer is the fifth child of eleven children, viz.: Sarah, born March 25, 1815; Mary, May 5, 1816; Lewis, July 24, 1818; Eliza, July 20, 1820; Jacob, the subject of this ^ketch ; Hannah, March 9, 1824; John, February 9, 1825; Henry, February 22, 1827 ; Isaac C, April 3, 1830; Sarah E., April 22, 1832, and Jerome, April 16, 1834. Mr. Kramer owns a farm of fifty-one and a half acres of land. Mrs. Kramer is a member of the United Brethren Church, and Mr. K. is a Democrat. D.WID C. L.\NE, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Union Township, this coanty. May 12, 1820. He is a son of Lutlier and Lodica (Green) Lane, natives of Vermont. They came to Union Township in 1818. Mr. Lane died June 2, 1829. Mrs. L. died some four years after their settlement in the county. David was left an orphan when a boy, and without any assist- ance. He spent three years with James Miller of Union Township, and two years with James Pratt. He continued in the employment of the farmers till 1847, when he married and settled in Canaan Township, Madison County, where he resided till 1856, when he sought out his pres- ent location. His marriage with Elizabeth Cox was blest with five children ; of these four are living: Luther S., born February 14, 1848, married Mary J. .Mooney ; George, born May 15, 1852, married Ella Edwards: Chloe, born July 19, 1855; Mary, born March 24, 1858, and Price, born October 18, 1862. Electa, born April 18, 1850, married Ross Mooney, and died April 13, 1876, leaving two children — Walter and Ida E.; the latter is deceased. Mrs. Lane was born in Ontario, January 11, 1828. Her parents, Spencer and Elizabeth Cox, were natives of Ontario, and came to near Cleveland, Ohio, in 1834, and in 1838 to Columbus, thence to Madiso n County the following year, where they resided till 1850, and went to Illinois, where they both died. Mr. Lane owns a farm of sixty-seven acres. In politics, he is of Republican sentiment. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 317 JOHN LIGGETT, farmer, P. 0. New California. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren County, Ohio, November 12, 1813. He is a son of John and Mary (McCormick) Lig- gett, and a grandson of William Liggett, a Revolutionary soldier. The parents were married in Rockbridge County, Va., and about 1806-7 removed to Ross County, Ohio; thence to Warren County; and in 1825, to Greene County, where Mr. Liggett died March 19. 1862, and Mrs. L. December 5, 1852. Mr. Liggett, our subject, is the third son and fourth child of nine children. He spent his early life on a farm near Xenia, Ohio, where he resided till 1839, when he came to Union County. He purchased 189 acres of his present farm. All of it was in its timbered state, and in 1841 he cleared a site and erected a log house. After his marriage, he removed on his new farm, which he cleared and improved. Mr. Liggett has devoted many years of hard labor in making for himself and family a competence ; and his industry has been well rewarded. His farm now contains 222 aci*es of well-improved and highly cultivated land, all of which is the fruit of his own exertions. His avocation has always been that of farming and stock-rais- ing, and he has enjoyed reasonable success. November 12, 1841, he was married to Miss Mary Lamme, a daughter of Josiah and Nancy (Carman) Lamme. Mrs. Liggett, a native of Greene County, Ohio, was born November 24, 1819. Of seven children born to this union, five are liv- ing, viz. : Lovina, wife of I. G. Stall, of Union City, Ind. ; Robert A., Clerk of Wayne County, Mich. ; William M., Treasurer of Union County ; John W. and Edward G. ; Esma L. and Charlie F., are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Liggett are members of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. L., although not an office aspirant, served on tbe Board of Trustees of Jerome Township for ten years. Politically, he is a Republican. WILLIAM MARTIN, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, August 18, 1827, and is a son of David and Leah (Brelsford) Martin, of Maryland. The grandfather of our subject, David Martin, settled in the above county in an early day. His maternal grandfather, Abram Brelsford, also settled there in an early day, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. The parents of our subject came to this couniy in 1835, and settled in Jerome Township on the farm where William Martin now resitles. He died on October 24, 184^. His mother is living, and resides in Madison County, Ohio. The subject of this sketch is the second son of nine children, five of whom are living, viz., William, George, David, Charles an 1 Mary, \N illiam being the eldest. The care of the family devolved on his hands after the father' s death, and for three years he supported them, then started out in life for himself. He rented a while, then purchased half of the homestead. February 28, 1851, he was married to Elizabeth Kile, by whom he has had four children ; three are living — Delilah, wife of John Warner; Laura J., wife of Robert Purdum, and David W. Mrs. Martin is a daughter of William and Elizabeth Kile. She was born in Licking County, Ohio, February 9, 1834. In 1864, Mr. Mar- tin enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment of the Ohio National Guard service. He was honorably discharged in September, 1864. Mr. Martin is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was a poor boy when thrown upon the world, but by his energy and industry he has made a reasonable competence. ANDREW H. McCAMPBELL, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born in Rockbridge County, Va., July 1, 1821. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Porter) McCampbell, were also natives of Rockbridge County. Mr. McCampbell was born June 7, 1783. His father, William McCampbell, Sr., emigrated with his family from Ireland previous to the Revolution, and settled in Rockbridge County, Va. He served in the war that secured the independence of the States, after which he returned to his family, and died March 26, 1822, at the age of eighty-two years. His widow, Jane McCampbell, to wlaom he was married in 1768, died June 5, 1827, having at- tained to the age of eighty-three. Mrs. McCampbell nee Porter, the mother of our subject, was born September 7, 1786. Her father was also a native of Ireland, and came to the United States in time to serve the country in the Revolutionary struggles. Mr. and Mrs. McCampbell, the parents of the subject whose name heads this sketch, were married January 19, 1806. In 18o2, they removed to Greene County, Ohio, and two years later, to Jerome Township, Union County, where Mr. McCampbell died November 10, 1853. His widow survived him till May 1, 1872. They were the parents of thirteen children, twelve of whom they reared to maturity, viz. : M'lry B., William, Bobert S., John, Samuel P., James L., Joseph P., James C, Andrew H., David T., Charles, Alfred and Elizabeth. Mr. McCampbell, the subject of this biography, spent his early manhood on a farm, and received his education chiefly in the common schools of Jerome Township. His early life was given to clearing up the old homestead, which contained 400 acres. When he attained his majority, he served an apprenticeship under his brother at the cooper trade, which he pursued ten years. In 1845, he purchased a small firm of sixty acres, locating on it the succeeding year. He occupied this land till 1852, when he disposed of it and bought 108 acres of woodland, now constituting a part of his present farm. He has since given his whole attention to the pursuit of his farm and stock and has made a marked success He has as the fruits of his energy and industry a farm of 544 acres of finely improved and w 11 cultivated land. Mr. McCampbell is one of the most thorough and successful fanners in Union County. December 31, 1846, he was united in marriage to Miss Maria Mitchell, a daughter of Jesse Mitchell now deceased. Of seven children by this union, five are now living — Telia, wife of T. B. Arnold, now of Minneapolis, Minn., James D., Jesse C, George 318 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. W. and Emma, who is at home. Aaron C. and Rosa are deceased. Mr. McCampbell and family are consistent members of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. McCampbell is a supporter of Republican principles. He served bis township in the capacity of Land Appraiser two terms and Trustee one term ; and has also filled other local offices. In the improvements of the township, he has always displayed an active part, having paid out to the construction of pikes over $3,000. As a citizen and a man, Mr. McCampbell occupies an honorable position in the community and county. PAVID McCAMPBELL, farmer, P. 0. New California, seventh son of William and Eliza- beth McCampbell, was born in Rockbridge County, Va., May 15, 1823. He came to the county with his parents when a boy, and remained at home till of age. His early life was spent with his brothers in clearing up the homestead. In 1864, he removed to the farm he now occupies. In 1843, he engaged in butchering, and followed it continuously till 1878, when he retired from that avocation, and turned his attention wholly to farming. For two years he kept a provision and meat store in Plain City, and enjoyed a good trade. He owns a valuable farm of 192 acres, located one mile east of New California. February 25, 1849, Mr. McCampbell was joined in marriage with Miss Elizabeth M. McCuUough, a daughter of Samuel McCulIough, an early pio- neer of Union County. Mrs. McC. was born in Jerome Township, May, 1826. This marriage was blessed with five children, viz.: Achpor N.; .John II., married Miss Rose Hutchinson, and have three children — Harry C, Frank L. and Nellie M. ; Eva R., Zenas C. and Maggie M. Mr. and Mrs. McCampbell are consistent members of the United Presbyterian Church. Mr. McC. is in politics a Republican. July 15, 1880, he fell from an apple tree and had his hip broken, which disabled him from active work. His sons have since conducted the farm. ALFRED McCAMPBELL, farmer, P. 0. New California, second youngest child of William and Elizabeth (Porter) McCampbell, was born in Rockbridge County, Va., May 6, 1827. He came to the county with his parents when a boy of seven years. He was brought up on the farm he now occupies, and his training was received in the common schools. He aided his father to clear up the farm, and remained with him till his death. December 23, 1853, he was married to IMiss Rosanna, a daughter of John and Ellen Cratty, and a native of Delawai-e County, where she was born April 23, 1826. Of five children by this union, four are living, viz.: Elizabeth A., born October 29, 1854, is a teacher; Mary E., born October 5, 1856, is a teacher; Ada, born September 16, 1862, and Cora, boi-n December 8, 1866. Lucinda (deceased), born March 12, 1859, married L. C. McDowell, and died September 8, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. McCampbell are earnest members of the United Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. McC. is Republican. He owns 148 acres of the old homestead, and is engaged in the pursuits of his farm. DAVID McCLUNG, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Jerome Township, August 14, 1825. His parents, Joseph and Margaret (Conner) McClung, were natives of Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Union County about the time Ohio was admitted into the Union as a State. Mr. McClung served in the war of 1812, and was discharged on account of disibility from a broken leg. He settled on the Jesse Mitchell farm, formerly owned by his wife's parents, Patrick and Polly Conner. They were originally from Pennsylvania, and came to the county among its ear- liest settlers. Mr. Conner became tlie owner of oUO acres of land in Jerome Township, which he occupied till he removed to Amity, Madison County, where he died, July 12, 1840. ^Ir. Mc- Clung purchased 200 acres of land and lived on it till his death, August 13, 1843. His widow survived him till 1865. Our subject is the eldest son of nine children. He married Mary J. Cox, a daughter of Spencer Cox, and a native of Canada. They have the followino; children : Fillmore J., Fremont, Elizabeth, Laura, Lurinda, Willie, Minnie, John and Charles. Mr. Mc- Clung owns ninety acres of the original homestead. He and wife are members of the Baptist Church. In politics, he is a Republican. ROBERT McCRORY, farmer, P. 0. Jerome, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, April 8, 1837, and is a son of William and Lavina McCrory, of Pennsylvania and Virginia. His fiither was born in 18u6 and his mother in 1809. They came to this township in 1852, in which he bought 393 acres of land, on which he lived till his death, which occurred June 4, 1864. His mother died January 2, 1877. Both were consistent members of the United Presbyterian Church, to which they belonged many years. Our subject is the eldest of a family of seven children. He obtained a practical education in the common and select schools, which was more fully developed by a four years' course of study at Oberlin College. At the breaking-out of the late war, he quit school and enlisted, August 6, 1861, in Company E, Thirtieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was subsequently annexed to the Fifteenth Army Corps. He participated in the battles of Cai-niffx Ferry, second battle of Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Champion Hill, siege of Vicksburg, and a number of smaller engagements. He served with distinction, and was hon- orably discharged at Vicksburg September 17, 1863. Upon his return to civil life, he resumed farming, and in April, 1877, he located upon his present premises. In 1880, he established a tile mill, with which he has been successful. In 1882, he added a saw mill to his other manu- facturing enterprise. His farm consists in thirty acres, which is a part of the old homestead. November 25, 1869, he was married to Anna M., daughter of David and Nancy Graham, by whom he has had six children, viz.: Matie L., Margaret, Anna B., Nancy M., Ella M. and William 6. He and wife are connected with the United Presbyterian Church. He is a Justice of the Peace, and is a gentleman of fine executive ability. Has also served as Township Clerk. Politically, he is a Republican. ^ ®/ Wl^^- JEROME TOWNSHIP. 321 SAMUEL McCULLOUGII (deceased) was born in Darby Township October 10, 1800. He was a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Mitchell) McCullough, natives of Pennsylvania. They were married in their native place, and in 1799, with one child — Alexander — came West and located near the Mitchell settlement in Darby Township, where Mr. McCullough died in .June, 1800. He was the first white man that died in the county, and there being no lumber nearer than Chillicothe, his neighbors framed a cotfin out of the slabs of a black walnut tree and he was interred in the old Mitchell Cemetery. His widow survived him over forty years, she dying in 1841. Samuel was the second of two sons. When five years old his mother married .John Taylor and removed to Darby Township, Madison County, where she died. In 182.5, Mr. Mc- Cullough returned to his native township and remained one year, then removed to Jerome Town- ship, where he bought a farm of 100 acres ; all was in woods, and he cleared a site and erected a log cabin, in which he resided till 18-3H, when he built a frame residence. He was married June 23, 182-3, to Margaret Robinson, daughter of Samuel and Martha Robinson. Mrs. McCul- lough was born in Franklinton, Franklin County, March 21, 1807. Of the five children this family were blessed with, but two are living, viz.: Elizabeth M.,born May 4, 1826, married David McCanipbell ; Nancy J., born February, 1831, married John Mitchell, and died March 7, 1873; John T , born May 11, 1833; Matilda A., born February 12, 183tj, married George Cole- man and died November 26, 1872, and Zenas 0., born April 29, 184-5, and died September 24, 1869. Mr. McCullough, by his industry and economy, acquired large and valuable property, owning at his death -500 acres of land. His death occurred April 7, 1871. He was one of the early members of the United Presbyterian Church, and died as an Elder. He had been identi- fied with that denomination since 1826. He was a life member of the American Bible Society. As a man, he was consistent, and as neighbor and citizen he was upright and honorable. JOHN T. McCULLOUGH, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born on the old homestead in Jerorne Township, May 11, 1833. He is the eldest son of Samuel McCullough, whose history is given elsewhere in this volume. Mr. ^IcCullough was reared to manhood on the farm, and ob- tained his education in the common schools of his native place and Marysville select sciiools. He remained at home and conducted the farm till his father's death. In 1862, he located on the part of the homestead he now occupies, and has since resided there. October 30, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary, daughter of William and Mary Bigger. Mrs. McCul- lough was born November 21, 1833, and departed this life June 25, 1878, leaving two sons — Samuel B., born August 30, 1869, and Frank B., born May 14, 1871. Mr. McCullough cele- brated his second marriage March 20, 1879, with Miss Vienna Robinson, a native of Darby Township, and a daughter of Samuel and Nancy Robinson. Mrs. McCullough was born August 27, 1848. May 11, 1864, Mr. McCullough volunteered his services in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards, and after one hundred days of garrison duty at Alexandria, Va., he was honorably discharged, after which he returned to civil life and re- sumed the avocation of farming. His brother, Zenice H., was a member of the same company. He resides on the old homestead. September 29. 1869, he met with an accident with a thresh- ing machine, which resulted in his death. Mr' McCullough is a prominent citizen of Jerome Township, and is successfally engaged in agriculture and stock-raising. He owns 270 acres of well-improved and highly-cultivated laud. Mr. McCullough is a public-spirited man and has aided largely in the construction of numerous pikes. As a man and citizen, he is respected and esteemed. JOHN R. McDowell, farmer, P. 0. New California, one of Union County's early pioneers, was bofn in York County, Penn., March 22, 1809. His parents, John and Jane (Reed) Mc- Dowell, were natives of Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Ohio at the beginning of the late war with Great Britain, and settled near Milford Center. Mr. McDowell purchased a small farm in Union Township, and resided on it till his death, October 1-5, 1826. His widow survived him till June 8, 1861. Our subject is the only f-urviving son of his father. His boyhood and early manhood were passed in the primeval forests of Union Township. When of age, he engaged in working by the month, and followed it some years, at wages from $7 to $9 per month. It was in this way that he secured his start. March 28, 18-50, he purchased 132 acres of his present farm, which wai principally woodland. He made subsequent additions to this purchase till he owned 325 acres of land, most of which he cleared and improved. Mr. McDowell has spent most of his life as a pioneer, and the principal growth and development of the county has taken place within his recollection. His first marriage occurred November 5, 1835, with Miss Mary Porter, daughter of John Porter, by whom he had ten children, of these six are living — William G., John P., Newton L., Calvin R., Leander C. and Mary A. Mrs. McDowell was born in Erie County, Penn., January 7, 1812, and died August 1, 1877. Mr. McDowell was again married June 30, 1881, to Mrs. Sarah Katon, widow of James Katon, and daughter of Daniel and Eliza- beth Brookhart. Mrs. McDowell was born in Perry County, Ohio, December 31, 1826. She is the mother of five children by her former husband. Of these, but one, Ezra, is living. Mr. McDowell had three sons — Robert N.. Jesse V. and John P., who were soldiers in the Union army. Robert was a member of Company B, Thirty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and died in the hospital at Winchester, Va., October 4, 1862. Jesse enlisted in Company D, Fortieth Regiment, and was drowned in the Big Sandy River, February 24, 1862. John was a member of the same company as Robert. He served over four years, veteranizing in 1864, 18 322 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. HIRAM McKITRICK. deceased, was born in Licking County, Ohio, May 9, 1828, and is a son of John and Sarah McKitrick, who came to that county and settled in Concord Township, in 1839. He was the eldest of a family of eleven children, and when a young man learned the cooper trade. February '20, 1851, he was married to Maria L., daughter of John and Keziah (Bishop) Urton, of Virginia. Mrs. McKitrick was born December 25, 1830, and bore her hus- band eight children, five of whom are living, viz.: Albert, George, John, Llewellyn and Will- iam. The deceased were named Elma E., Olive J. and Mary M. Mr. McKitrick bought a farm of 136 Hcres in 1870. In 1877, he built a house at a cost of $1,800, and in 1870 a barn at a cost of $350. He died February 28, 1875. He was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both he and wife belonged to the United Presbyterian Church. WILLIAM McKITRICK, farmer. P. 0. New California, was born in Licking County, Ohio, November 1, 1832. He is the third child of John and Sarah McKitrick, who were natives 6f Pennsylvania. When six years of age his parents moved to Delaware County, and the following year t > Jerome Township, where he was reared. November 10, 1853, he was married to AHss Eliza A., daughter of Silas Bell. Mrs. McKitrick was born May 2, 1832, and departed this life February 12, 1870, leaving five children, viz.: James A., born March 11, 1856 ; John S., born Januar> 4, 1858; Phineas D., born July 30, 1860; Cora A. and Nora I. (twins), born June 30, 1866. Mr. McKitrick marrifd the second time, November 23, 1873, to Susan C. Robinson, daugliter of James and Mary Robinson. Mrs. M. was born in Jerome Township, September 18, 1835. One son Wade, born June 2, 1877, was born to this marriage. March 29, 1866, Mr. McKitrick removed to his present farm, which contains 108 acres. Mrs. M. is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Plain City. Mr. M. is Democratic in his politics. JOSEPH W. MICHAEL, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, the only surviving child of Joseph and Sarah (Hattan) Michael, was born in Frederick County, Md., March 6, 1830. His mother died when be was but seven years of age, and the following spring (of 1836), his father migrated to Franklin County, Ohio. He died March 1, 1882, aged seventy-eight years. In 1840, our subject went to live with his uncle, Gisbert Hattan, with whom he remained till of age. They removed to Union County in 1852, and resided here till their death. Mr. Hattan died Novem- ber 22, 1874. Mr. Michael was married April 6, 1804, to Evaline Coon, a native of Union County, by whom he had twelve children; of these ten are living — Catharine E,, wife ©f William Hudson; Melissa E., Susanna, John G., Joseph H., Adam A., Ann V., William W., Albert H. and Eddie. Sarah A. and Evaline are deceased. Mrs. Michael is a daughter of James and Elizabeth Coon, and was born April 30, 1835, Mr. Michael is the owner of 184J acres of land, and is by occupation an agriculturist and stock-raiser. JAMES R. MITCHELL, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born on the home farm in Jerome Township, December 5, 183i). He is the eldest son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Robinson) Mitcliell, and a grandson of Judge Mitchell, an early settler of Darby Township, and a prom- inent pioneer of Union County, He was reared and brought up on the farm whereon he was born, and was educated in the common schools of his naiive place. He aided his father in clear- ing up I lie farm, which was all in woods at the time of his birth. In 1851, his father gave him 116 aires, to which he added 100 acrer< more. He settled on his new firm at the lime of his marriage, and occupied it till the death of his brother in the late war in 1863, when he removed on the iild farm and had charge of his father during his last days. In 1881, he purchased 100 acres of the farm his father left, and now owns a tract of 769 acres. Mr. Mitchell has spent most of his life in hewing down the forests and clenring the land, and the well-improved and finely culiivaled acres of his exten-ive farm are mostly the result of his entiring energyand in- dustry. Since 1867, he has directed his attention largely to rearing and dealing in stock. The summer of 1881, he erected a commodious residence, at a cost of |3,500. April 1, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Olive A. Gill, a daughter of Jesse and Jane Gill. Mrs. Mitchell was born in Allen Township, December 19, 1830. They were ble sed with s xchildren, all of whom are living, viz : Sarah, John W., William G,, James F., Aaron H. and Jennie C. Mr, and Mrs, Miiciu'il are members of the Presbyterian Church, Politically, Mr. M, has always been Demo- cratic, J.\COB MOONEY, farmer, P 0. Jerome, was born in Washington County, Penn., Decem- ber 2(», 1816. He is a son of John and Mary (.McVey) Mooney, natives of Maryland and Penn- sylvania, respectively, and a grandson of a Mr. Mooney who came from Ireland before the Rev- oluiionary war. Jacob's parents removed to Jeiferson County, Ohio, in 1824, and resided there till l'-6J. when they came to Jerome Town.^hip. iNlr. Mooney died October 12, 1869. His wife died in 1836. Jacob was reared principa ly in Jeff'erson County, and in 1854 came to Jerome Township and bought eighty acres of land. October 4, 1841, he and Miss Rosanna Winters, daugliter of Isaiah and Elizabeth Winters, were married. Mrs. Mooney was born in Jefferson Coun- ty, May 2, 1822. They have six t-hihlren. viz.: Johnson, born July 26, 1842, married Susan C. Freshwater; Rhoda W., born April 20, 1844, wife of George Wollpert ; Mary J,, born Sep- tembfr 10, 1846, wife of Luther Lane ; Hosa W,, born March 4, 1851), married Emily Bigelow; Cathsirine K., born July 3, 1857, wife of William Stewart ; and Olive E., born December 4, 1863, and died April 6, 1865. Mr, Mooney owns a farm of eighty acres, and pursues the avocation of farming Hud reariirg fine sheep. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 323 JOHN MOSS, farmer, P. 0. New California, a native of Lancastershire, England, was born Aprils, 1806. His parents, Robert and Margaret (Kelsey) Moss, were natives of the same "sliire." Our subject was reared principally in Yorkshire. In 1830, he crossed the waters and settled in Chester County, Penn.. and afterward removed to Allegheny County, where he lived till he came to Union County in 1853. Ho purchased 165 acres of land, and subsequently added thirty acres, which constitutes his present farm. His marriage, in 1836, to Miss Dorcas Huston, was blessed with three children: David, Amanda and Margaret A. Mrs. Moss is a daughter of William and Nancy Huston. She was born in Chester County, Penn., March 11, 1812. Mr. Moss owns a well-improved farm, most of which he cleared himself. He is engaged in agri- culture and stock-raising. For the last twenty five years he has made a leading pursuit in keep- ing Spanish merino sheep, and has had fair success. DAVID MOSS, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, only son of John and Dorcas Moss, wis born in Allegheny County, Penn., August 7, 1838. In 18-53, he accompanied his parents to Union Coun- ty, where he grew to manhood. His education he received in the select schools of Frankfort. The spring of 1875, he L cated on the farm he now occupies. He owns a valuable farm of 200 acres, and is engaged in firming and stock-raising. The leading pursuit of his occupation is keeping Spanish merino sheep, in which he does rather an extensive business. He h^s a flock of from 300 to 400 head, and has been successful. April 8, 1873, he was married to Margaret Neill, daughter of Samuel and Mary Neill. Mrs. Moss was born in Washington County, Penn., January 13, 1835. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Politically, Mr. Moss is Re- publican. ROBERT NORRIS, farmer, P. 0. Jerome, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, August 4, 1831. His father, John G. Norris, came from England in 1817, and settled in Harrison County, where he married Sarah McMillen, who died in that county September 11, 1842. In 1867, Mr. Norris came to Jerome Township, where he died M»y 16, 1874. He was a local minister in the Protestant Methodist Church, and subsequently of the Wesleyan Methodist, in which belief he died. The subject of this sketch was reared to manhood on the old homestead, and edu- cated in the common schools ; he was married March 9, 1856, to Phebe Armstrong, by whom he had tA'o children; one, John W., is living. Mrs. Norris departed this life December 31, 1859, and July 4, 1861, Mr. N. was married to Susan, daughter of .lohn and Elizabeth Hass. Two children — Kdward H. and Matilda J. — were horn to this union. In 1860, Mr. Norris moved to this coun'y and purchased his present farm which contains ninety acres. August 15, 1862, he entered the ranks of the Union army in Company E, Thirtieth Regiment Ohio Vo'unteer Infan- try. He was active in the battles before Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, and in all the engage- meuts on the Atlanta campaign except Resaca. Ai the close of the war, he was honorably dis- charged and returned home. Mr. and Mrs. Norris are associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics, Mr. N. is of Republican sentiment. ZACHARIAH NOTEMAN, ftxrmer, P. O. PI .in Cit^, one of the oldest pioneers of Jerome^ was born on the farm where he now resides Jiu'iary 29, 1811. His father, Andrew Noteman, was born near Harper's Ferry, Va., June 1, 1773, and his mother, Elizabeth Brown, was born in Ireland September 13, 1773, and brought to America by her parents when a child, Mr. Notem >n was first married in Maryland and became the father of one daughter — Jinsie, who mar'ied John Taylor and subsequently died. After the death of his wife, Mr. Not man went to Koss County, Ohio, where he was married to Mrs. Elizabeth McCune, 7iee Brown, by whom he had two dildren. In 1801, the year before Ohio was erected as a State, he removed with his family to Union County and settled on the farm which is occupied by the subject of this sketch. He bought 100 acres and cleared a site for a house. lie cleared his farm and among other im- provements he made was an orchaid of one hundred apple trees which he panted. Of this number but three of the trees are now living. One of the trees was reraarkaby thrifty, and at- taine I a circumference of nine feet and two inches. Mr. Ncteman afterward added eighty acres to the original purchase and partially cleared it. He was one of the organizers and founders of the Meihodist Episcopal Church, known as the Noteman Church, and was an active worker in it till h'S death. Our subject was reared and brought up to the pursuits of the farm, and was educated in the common schools of the day. He well remembers seeing the Indians who then dwelt here in roving band". In 1818. he made a trip to Lower Sandusky with his father to procure s ilt and provisions. He aide I his father in clearing up the farm and remained with him till his death.. In January, 1835, Mr. Notemm wis joined in marriage with Ann G. Mor- rison, a daughter of Samuel and Aarnes Morrison, t>y whom he had nine chihlren. Of these but three survive — Nancy E., wife of R. McCloud. Lucretii and William M. Mrs. Noteman de- part e 1 this life March 18, 1858. and .March 1, 1860, Mr. N. was married to Mrs. Amanda Hom- shrr, widow of David Horasher, and daughter of William and Mary A. Sprout. Mrs. N. was born iu Lancaster County, Penn., De. ember 2, 1S3I. Of seven children by this marri'ge, five ai-rt living — John, Oiway C, Eva D, Myrtle and Aaron N.; Harry and James ae deceased. Mrs. Noteman had two children by her first husband — Margaret A. (now deceased) aud David AV. Mr Noteman was identified with the Whigs till the formation of the Republican parly, when he united with its rank-. He acted in the capacity of Township Trustee about ten years, be>ides oiher local oflSces whiih he filled. He owns 103 acres — the old homestead — aud follows the avocation of farming. 324 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. B. H. PICKETT, farmer, P. 0. Jerome, a native of Moorefield Township, Harrison Co., Ohio was born May 7, 1822. His father, Peter Pickett, was a native of Dutchess County, N. Y. ; he went as a sailor boy when eighteen, and followed the water for thirty years. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, under Commodore Perry, and participated in the battle of Lake Erie, where he was seriously wounded. He died .January 13, 1854, aged seventy-four years. His mother, Elizabeth Mills, was born in Montgomery County, Md., and moved to Harrison County, Ohio, with her parents, Elias and Nancy (Harris) Mills, when she was eighteen years old ; she died October 31, 1857. Our subject is the eldest of nine children. In September, 1858. he purchased and located on his present farm, where he has since resided. May 12, 184tt, he was married to Eliza A., daughter of John and Sarah (McMuUen) Norris, and a native of Harrison County, where she was born November 26, 1827. Of nine children by this union, seven are living — Sarah E., wife of Alexander Pall; Harriet A., wife of Sylvester Kent ; John 11., James F., Rhoda J., deceased, Hardin, Isabel E.. Clara M., deceased, HoUaind L. and AUie E. Mrs. Pickett died May 20, 1874, and May 11, the following year, Mr. P. married Mrs. Rachael A. Beach, widow of Amos Beach, and daughter of .Jacob Frederick. One daughter — Jessie L.. was born to this marriage. Mrs. Pickett had five children by her former husband — ^Ella, wife of L. Preston, Emory, Martha, Mary, wife of Diniel Andrews, and Matilda. Mrs. P. was born in Union County February 5, 1835. Mr. Pickett owns a farm of sixty-three acres. JOHN H. PRESTON, fai'mer, P. 0. Jerome, a native of Licking County, Ohio, born October 7, 1816. His parents, Jonathan and Harriet (Homer) Preston, were respectively natives of Wash- ington and Fayette Counties, Penn. The former was born February 26, 1791, and the latter February 5, 1796. They married December 5, 1813, and in 1816 migrated to Licking County, Ohio, where they both died, Mr. P. September 29, 1856, and Mrs. Preston July 17, 1881. They had born to them twelve children, of whom our subject is the second child. April 7, 1847, he came and located oa his present farm. May 27, 1841, he was married to Miss Eliza Wagner, daughter of John and Nancy (Cross) Wagner, and a native of Licking County, where she was born September 12, 1820. Their children are as follows : Thomas H., born December 23, 1842 ; Milligan A., born March 28, 1844 ; Loammi R., born July 26, 1846 ; Harriet M., born July 22, 1852, wife of J. C. Barker; and Martha J., born January 3, 1858, wife of James Andrews. Mr. Preston owns eighty acres of land, which he cleared up. He and wife are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. GEORGE M. RICKARD, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Loudoun County. Va.. Sep- tember 24, 1816. His parents, Simon and Mary M. (Sanbower) Rickard, were also natives of Loudoun County. The former was born June 9, 1790, ^nd the latter April 16. 1793. Hisgrand- father, Simon Rickard, Sr., was born in the same county, and was a soldier in the American Revolution. He died some years afier in his native place. The parents of our subject were married November 20, 1813, and in 1818 removed to Culpeper County, where they resided till 1828, and migrated to Union County, Ohio, locating in what is now Darby Township. In April of the following year, Mr. Rickard rented a farm in Jerome Township, of Frederick Sager, and occupied it ten years. At the expiration of this time he purchased 120 acres of land, which was mostly in woods. He died .January 5, 1844, and his widow August 5, 1862. Mr RickarJ was a private in the late war with Great Britain, having enlisted when a resident of Virginia. He served Jerome Township as Trustee for several years and filled various other local otfices. He aided in founding the Lutheran Cliurch of his township, and was prominently connected with it till his death. Mr. Rickard had tbree brothers — Peter, Michael and George. Peter moved to Sangamon County, III., in 1830, and died in 1860 ; Michael settled in Hancock County, 111., and was Juige of the Common Pleas Court during the Mormon troubles, and died in 1857; George died in Virginia in 1880. Mr. Rickard, the subject Of this notice, is the second son. He was reared to manhood on the farm his father located when he (George) was a bay, and received his education in the district schools of his native place. In early life he formed strong tastes for the farm, and has always followed that avocation on the most thoroughly scientific principles. His farm, which contains 600 acres, is one of the best improved and finely cultivated in the county. Mr. Rick*rd is also engaged in rearing and dealing in live stock of a good grade, and has ac- quired a marked success in keeping Spanish merino sheep, and Norman, Clydesdale and Belgium horses, which he has exhibited at both the Union County and Ohio State Fairs. In the pursuits of life, Mr. Rickard has been very successful and ranks second to none in the county as an agri- culturist. Although not an aspirant for official honors, he has been chosen to the office of Town- ship Trustee ten consecutive terms, and performed its duties with credit to himself. His mar- riage, February 11, 1845, to Miss Eliza Carey, was blest with three children ; of these two are living — John, born April 22, 1853. and Clark, born October 12, 1855. Mary F., the only daughter, was born June 9, 1851, and died September 9, 1872. Mrs. Rickard was born in Madi- son County January 15, 1821. She is a daughter of Abijah and Catharine (Johnson) Carey, and a granddaughter of Luther Carey (originally Cary), who emigrated from Ireland before the Rev- olutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Rickard are associated as members of the Presbyterian Churca, in which he is an Elder and Trustee. JOHN M. ROBINSON, farmer, P. 0. New California, was born in Darby Township, Union County, Ohio, February 29, 1820. He isason of Thomas and Sarah (Modervvell) Robinson, (he former a native of Lancaster County and the latter of York County. They were married and • JEROME TOWNSHIP. 325 emigrated to the West in 1805, settlingin Darby Township, where they were among the earliest pioneers. The country was heavily wooded and populated with its original inhabitants — Indians and wild 'animals. Mr. Robinson located 200 acres of this woodland about three miles from the Mitchell settlement, where resided his nearest neighbors. Mr. Robinson cleared up most of this farm, and afterwai-d added 100 acres, which were situated on the opposite side of the stream. About the same time he entered 160 acres of land in Henry County. He was for several terms Trustee of Darby Township, and was prominently connected with the United Presbyterian Darby Church for over fifty years. He died near New California. His marriage to Miss Sarah Moder- well was blest with six children, viz.: Adam P., Sarah J., James D., Thomas, John M., the sub- ject of this sketch, and Alexander C. Our subject was reared on the old home farm, and re- mained with his father till 1847, when he came to Jerome Township and bought fifty acres of land, to which he added sixty-nine acres more. In 1864, he purchased and located on his pres- ent farm. He was first married in January, 1845, to Miss Mary J. Roney, a daughter of James Roney, and a native of Chester County, Penn. Of nine children by this union, seven are living: Chester L., Elvira,'' wife of David McKitrick, Delbert, Maria, Oscar and Olive (twins) and Anna. Mrs . Robinson died January 28, 1864, and Mr. R. was married'the second time, June 8. 1865, to Miss Harriet E., daughter of William and Elizabeth Taylor. Mrs. Robinson was born in Campaign County, Ohio, June 11, 1832. Hattie M. and Bert S. were born to this marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson are respectively connected with the Presbyterian and Baptist Churches. Mr. R. is an Elder. He is connected with the I. 0. 0. F., and in politics is a Republican. He has seived Jerome Township as Assessor thirteen years. For the past four years Mr. Robinson has been contractor in the construction of pikes, with the exception of which time, he has pursued the avocation of farming and stock-raising. SAMUEL H. RUEHLEN, faVmer, P. 0. New California, one of Union County's veterans, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, November 23, 1842. His parents, John and Christina (Bride- ham) Ruehlen, were natives of Germany and Pennsylvania respectively. His father was born February 28, 1802, and crossed the Atlantic in 1828, settling in Fairfield County, Ohio, where he married. Mrs. Ruehlen was born in 1810, and, in 1826, removed with her parents to Fair- field County. Mr. Ruehlen came to Union County in 1847, and, in 1871, moved to Logan County, where he died, August 28, 1878. His widow followed him to the spirit land November 5, 1881. They reared eight children, of which our subject is the third. He was reared to manhood on a farm. In May, 1861, he shouldered his musket and entered the ranks of the Union army, in Company K, Seventeenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served four months, and re- enlisted December 1, the same year, in Company K, First Ohio Cavalry. He was engaged with the cavalry in the following leading battles: Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Rome, Ga., Moulton, Atlanta and Nashville, and a number of minor engagements. Mr. Ruehlen served three years with signal bravery, and was honornbly discharged December 6, 1864. He returned home, and, December 31, 1865, married Susanna, daughter of James B. and iNIartha A. Dort. Mrs. Ruehlen was born near New California April 10, 1843. They were blessed with seven children, six of whom are living, viz.: George W., born March 1, 1867; Martha A., March 9, 1869 ; Frank, February 3, 1873 ; Diadama, April 30, 1875 ; Charlie, August 2, 1877, and La Motte, October 9, 1880. Mr. Ruehlen located on his present farm, which now contains 171 acres, in 1869. He is a successful farmer and stock-raiser. He and wife are connected with the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He is connected with the G. A. R. of Plain City, and, in politics, is a stanch Republican. SAMIFEL C. RYAN, farmer, P. 0. Jerome, a native of Warren County, N. J., was born Sep- tember 6, 1842. He is a son of Patrick and Martha (Cornell) Ryan, the former a native of County Kilkenny, Ireland, and the latter of Warren County, N. J. His father was born March 17, 1810, and came to Quebec in 1823-25, and in 1828 came to the States. In 1842, he came to Columbus, and to Jerome Township in 1850, where he died August 2, 1863. He was married, in 1834, to Martha Cornell, by whom he had two sons and two daughters, viz.: Joanna, born March 5, 1835, died April 24, 1836; William T., born May 4, 1837, died ; Ellen, born June 14, 1839, died January 4, 1870, and Samuel C, the subject of this sketch. Our sub- ject was reared to manhood on the farm, and educated in the common schools. He has always occupied the homestead, and now owns 134 acres of highly cultivated land. H. B. SEELY, merchant, P.O. Jerome, was born in Monroe County, N. Y., December 5, 1835. In 1849, his parents, T. O. and Caroline Seely, removed from York State to Delaware County, Ohio, Mr. Seely was brought up on a farm, and educated in the district schools. He followed the vocation of a farmer up to 1865, when he came to Jerome Township and worked at carpenter- ing one year. He entered the store of H. Lewis as clerk, and occupied that position till 1869, and the following year bought a stock of goods for himself, and has since been engaged in mer- chandising, doing a successful business. His marriage with Miss Lurinda Wells, daughter of James and Lovina Wells, which occurred June 24, 1H62, was blessed with seven children — Sher- man B., Albert L., Clifton, Anna, Jean, Mabel and EfFa. Mr. Seely erected a store building in 1882, 24 feet by 70 feet in size, at a cost of $1,500. He carries a stock of goods amounting to $2,500, and enjoys an annual sale of $12,000. JOHN J. STEWART, farmer, was born in Shenandoah County, Va., July 12, 1825, and is a son of James and Wierlinda (Rutter) Stewart. His mother died when he was a year and a 326 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. * half old, and in 1838 his father removed to Dublin, Franklin County, Ohio, in which he lived till 1840, when he came to this township. He was a cabinet maker, having learned hii trade in Virginii, and followed the same for a livelihood until his death, which occurred in August, 1849. Our subject is the youngest of eight children, three of whom are living, viz.: James M., Delaware County, Ohio; Ann R., wife of James W. Taylor, and resides in the West.' Our sub- ject was early put at his father's trade, which he followed till 1860, at which time he bought twenty-seven acres of land, to which he has added by purchase, and at present owns 141 acres of valuable land, the greater portion having been cleared oflF by himself, besides making all the improvements. May 15, 1849, he was married to Lucinda C, daughter of William B. and Cath- erine Stone, by whom he has had five children, viz.: William T., who married Katie Mooney; Candace, wife of William P. Neal ; Emma M. and Amanda M., prominent and successful teachers, and Olive M. Although Mr. Stewart had only the advantage of attending school in log school- houses, and the instructions of incompetent teachers, he fully realizes the force and culture of education, and has accordingly spared no pains or expense in educating his children. Mr. S. started in life with a capital not to exceed $300, and his present possessions attest undisputably his great success in life. He has always manifested public spiritelness in all worthy en- terprises, having given $800 for the building of pikes. He is a zealous member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Formerly he was a Democrat, but in 1856 he joined the Repub- lican ranks. JAMES SWEENEY, farmer, P. 0. Dublin, Franklin County, was born in Greene County, Penn., November 20, 1829, and is a son of Hiram and Mary (Cosgay) Sweeney, of Pennsylva- nia, who removed to West Virginia in 1831, and settled in Tyler County, in which he died in 1870. His mother is living near the old homestead at an advanced age. Daniel Sweeney, father of Hiram, was born in Maryland, and served with a scouting party during the Revo- lutionary war. His maternal grandfiither, Tyrenes Cosgay, was born in Ireland, and came to America and settled in Maryland after the war of 1776-1783, and subsequently removed to Pennsylvania, where he died. Our subject is the fifth child of a family of ieight children, six of whom are living. He was reared upon a farm, and in the mills which his father operated, which latter he had charge of from 1846 to 1865. July 1, 1865, he located in this county, buy- ing at the time 142 acres, to which he has since added by purchase, and now possesses 175 acres, and his son, J. C, fifty acres. February 8, 1859, he was married to Anna, daughier of Archi- bald and Ruth Waters, who has borne him six children, five of whom are living, viz,: Joseph C, Emma J., Mary L., Anna L. and Hiram. An infant son deceased. Mrs. S. was born in Greene County, Penn., in September, 1833, and is a consistent member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Sweeney is one of our self-made men, having carved out his fortune by economy and indus- try. He is a Democrat in political principle, and has held some of the minor offices of the township WILLIAM M. TAYLOR, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, was born in Jerome Township, Novem- ber 8, 1805. He is the eldest son and third child of Richard and Polly (Cox) Taylor. His early life was passed upon his father's farm, and his training received in the common schools. In 1835, his father gave him sixty acres of land, on which he located at the time of his mar- riage. This farm was all woodland, and by his energy and unremitting toil he cleared and im- proved it to a good condition. November 10, 1830, he was joined in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Burdick, a daughter of Hezekiah and Polly Burdick, and a native of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, where she was born February 28, 1810. Of six cliildren by this marriage five are living — Polly, wife of Orson Scribner ; Rachel C, deceased, formerly wife of H. Lawrence; Nancy L., wife of J. Cottran ; Cilicia, wife of George Motlar; Levi F.; Susanna, wife of H. Smith: Rhoda, de- ceased, and Hezekiah deceased. Mrs. Taylor departed this life August 16, 1881. Mr. Taylor is a member of the United Brethren Church, and in politics is a Republican. He owns a farm of sixty acres. JEPHTAH H. TAYLOR was born near Plain City, in Madison County, December 17, 1814. His parents, Richard and Polly (Cox) Taylor were natives of Berkeley County, Va., and Washing- ton County, Penn., respectively. They were married in Cynthiana, Ky., in February, 1800, and two years later removed and settled in Jerome Township. In 1803-4, they went back to Ken- tucky, where they resided till 1811, and returnd to Ohio, effeciing a settlement in Darby Town- ship, Madison County, where Mr. Taylor bought a farm of 200 acres. His death occurred in July, 1864. The subject of this notice is the third son and sixth of a family of seven children. At the age of thirteen he learned tailoring in Bellefontaine, and followed it in that place and Plain City for sixteen years. In 1847, his father gave him eighty acres of land, to which he made an addition of forty-seven acres. He cleared andjprincipally improved these farms. December 19, 1839, he was married to Angeline, a daughter of Calvin and Eunice Allen, by whom he had eleven children. Of these seven are living — Richard, born October 17, 1840, died September 26, 1866; Edwin, born May 14, 1842; Benjamin, October 15, 1843; Robert, April 12, 1845; Jephtah, Marca 18, 1847; Fielding, January 25, 1849 ; Laura A., October 16, 1851 ; Celinda E., June 7, 1853; Mary A., March 20, 1859 ; Anthony M., February 6, 1864. An infant is deceased. Mr. Taylor is of English descent oa his father's side, his great-grandfather and two brothers having emigrated to America long before the Revolutionary war. Mrs. Taylor is of Scotch ancestry. JEROME TOWNSHIP. 327 SAMUEL TAYLOR, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, a prominent farmer of Darby Township, Madison County, was born near Plain City August 23, 1817. He is the youngest son of Richard and Polly Taylor. His early life was passed in his native place, and his education obtained in the common schools of the day. He aided his father in clearing the homestead, and has occu- pied it since his death. He has made additions to the original farm till he has 394 acres of finely improved and highly cultivated land, most of which is located in Jerome Township. He also owns a farm in Darby Township, Union County, and the old John Kent homestead in Jerome Township. The home farm is adorned with a large and commodious brick residence, erected at a cost of $2,000. For the last fifteen years, Mr. Taylor has made a leading pursuit in breed- ing and rearing Norman and Clydesdale horses, and has, perhaps, been one of the most success- ful men in Madison County. He purchased the celebrated Belgium horse in 1872, at a cost of $3,0J0, and retained him in his possession till he was killed in 1876. This animal he exhibited at the county and State fairs, and won for him the first and highest premiums. Mr. Taylor is a man of enterprise, and is always active in the affairs and best interests of the county. In 1839, he was married to Miss Eunice, daughter of Calvin and Eunice Allen, by whom he had three children; two of these are living — Mary, wife of Eli Shover, and Sarah E., wife of David Brown. Mrs. Taylor died, and November 27, 1844, he again married, this time to Rosanna Kent, who bore him four children — Samuel E., married Cynthia Fox; Rachel E. and Mahala, E. are at home ; Dilla is deceased. Mrs. Taylor is a daughter of Daniel and Dilla (Shover) Kent. She was born on the old Kent homestead, May 5, 1821. LEVI TAYLOR, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, youngest child of Daniel and Mary (Brown) Tay- lor, was born in Jerome Township November 26, 1810. The former was born near Harper's Ferry, Md., in March, 1774, and the latter in Ireland in 1781. They were married in Virginia, and in 1802 removed to Union County, Ohio, and settled in Jerome Township, where Mr. Taylor bought a farm of 152 acres, besides 32 acres on the opposite side of Big Darby. He was one of the organizers of the county, and was a juror when the court convened at Franklinton. He died February 29, 1852; his wife preceded him but twenty-two days. He was for over half a cen- tury an active member of the Baptist Church. Our subject was reared to manhood on a farm, and was educated, as most pioneer boys are, in the common schools. February 18, 1831, he was married to Miss Margaret Low, a daughter of John Low. She died March 17, 1864, leaving three children — Mary (deceased), married Chauncey Barlow, and had one child, Lonson ; and Daniel and John, Mr. Taylor was married the second time to Mrs. Matilda Lard, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor are connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically. Mr. Taylor is Democratic. He owns a farm of 150 acres, located near Plain City. ISAAC H. WARNER, farmer, P. 0. Plain City, son of Elijah and Lois (Burdick) Warner, was born in Madison County, Ohio, July 12, 1842. His father was born in York State, Novem- ber 14, 1810, and came to Madison County with his parents, Samuel and Chloe Warner, in 1814. In 1845, he came to Jerome Township and bought a farm of 166 acres of land, on which he died November 13, 1875. He married Lois A. Burdick, who was born in Madison County June 10, 1820, and had ten children; the following are ^living: Charles Q., Isaac H., Joshua C, Emma, Nettie, Hezekiah H., Blanch P., Ada C. and Albert E. Mr. Warner was reared to man- hood on a farm. May, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regi- ment Ohio National Guards, and served till discharged in the following September. He re- mained a member of the Home Guards till the close of the war. August 'ZS, 1866, he was mar- ried to Mrs. Martha Marsh, widow of William Marsh and daughter of Frederick and Barbara Felber. Mrs. Warner, a native of Fairfield County, was born November 15, 1840. She is the mother of one child by her former husband, William F., born July 14, 1862. Mr. Warner owns a farm of ninety-eight acres, and is engaged in farming and raising fine cattle and hogs. He and family are members of the United Brethren Church. Politically, he votes Prohibition. WILLIAM D. WAGNER, farmer, P. 0. New California, a native of Licking County, Ohio, was born March 4, 1831 His father, a native of Washingtoti County, Penn., was born April 3, 1787, and his grandfather, John Wagner, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. His mother, Nancy A. Cross, was born in Maryland April 1, 1788. They were married in March, 1812, and in 1815 removed to Licking County, Ohio, where Mr. Wagner died July 31, 1854. He served one year in Capt. Derender's company in the war of 1812. His widow departed this life July 11, 1869. They were the parents of eight children, of whom William is the youngest. In 1851, he came to Union County and remained one year, then returned and remained with his father till his death. He then came to .Jerome Township and purchased a farm. He was mar- ried April 6, 1854, to Almira Bishop, daughter of Findley Bishop, a native of Union County, where she was born July 4, 18i5. Their six children are as follows : John L.; Sarah A., wife of George Gordon ; Nancy J.; William D., Jr.; James S. and Minnie. Mr. Wagner owns a farm of eighty-one acres, and in addition to farming he makes a leading pursuit of rearing Clydesdale horses. He also keeps thoroughbred Poland-China hogs. JESSE WELDON (deceased) was born in Toronto, Canada, January 5, 1830. His parents, Isaac and Nursus (Valley) Weldon, were natives of Pennsylvania and Canada, respectively. His father died when he was eleven years old, and he lived with his mother till 1845, when he went to New York, and in 1848 to Fairfield County, Ohio ; thence to Logan, Hocking County, where 328 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. he resided till December, 1857, and came to Union County. May 11, 1856, he married Martha a daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Wooley, by whom he had nine children ; of them eight are living — Frances; Nursus B., wife of Eugene Smith ; Isaac; Martha J.; Emma V.; Frederick E.; Solomon J. and Samuel W. Sarah E , wife of Thomas Davis, is deceased. Mr. Weldoa was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He died July 18. 1880, aged fifty years. He started in life a poor man, but by energy and industry he made for himself a reasonable com- petence. He left to his family seventy-six acres of well-cultivated land. WILLIAM H. WILLIAMS, farmer, P- 0. New California, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 'ZQ, 1842. He is a son of Ebenezer and Mary Williams, who were natives of Wales, and emigrated to the United States with their parents when young, and settled in Co- lumbus, where they were married. They subsequently removed to Delaware County, where Mrs. Williams died in 1849. Mr. Williams is still a resident of that county. William, the sub- ject of this sketch, was reared to manhood on a farm. August 3, 1862, he enlisted in Company F, Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in the armies of the Mississippi and Gulf, and was engaged in the following battles : Yazoo Swamp, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Bayou and Spanish Fort siege ; thence they marched to Forts Blakely and Whisler, near Mobile, where he was discharged at the close of the war. From July 7, 1864, to April 1, 1865, he was on Provost Marshal's duty. At the close of the rebellion he returned home and resumed farming. June 10, 1879, he was married to Miss Phoebe Curry, daughter of Capt. James A. and Phoebe Curry, by whom he has one child — Phoebe May, born April 18, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Williams reside on the original Curry homestead with Mrs. Curry, the widow of Capt. James A. Curry, who has attained the eighty-fourth year of her age. The homestead contains 211 acres, which is cultivated by Mr. Williams. CHAPTER V. MILL CREEK TOWNSHIP. THIS was one of three original townships into which Union County was first subdivided. On the second subdivision of the county, in 1821, the bound- aries of Mill Creek were fixed as follows, as shown by the record of commission- ers' proceedings: " At a meeting of the Commissioners of Union Count}^ on the 12th day of March, 1821, they agreed to divide the County of Union into five townships, and the fifth township was to embrace all east of Paris Township to the east boundary line of said county, and to be known b}^ the name of Mill Creek." On March 29, 1829, the township was surveyed by order of the Commissioners of Union County by Levi Phelps, Surveyor, Union County, Ohio. March 5, 1839, " Ordered by the Commissioners that the boundary lines of Mill Creek Township and Dover Township be altered, so as to detach from Mill Creek Township and attach to Dover Township, Survey No. 3007, in the name of John Graham." " The first election for County and State oflficers held in the township, was on the 10th day of October, 1820, William Badley, John Jolly and Launcelot Maze acting as Judges; William Richey and Clement Badley, Clerks. There were twent^^-four votes cast at this election, as follows: Ethan Allen Brown received twenty, W. H. Harris one, and Jeremiah Morrow three, for Governor; Nicholas Hathaway fourteen, and Lewis Foster ten, for Representatives; Gustavus Swan one, and Joseph Foos twenty-two, for Senator; Joseph Vance twenty-three for Congress; James Ewing twenty, and James Biggs two, for Sheriff; Samuel Robinson eight, David Conner seven, Henry Sager six, and Joseph Williams one, for Coroner." In the spring of 1820, the first election was held for township officers; as the early records of the township were all destroyed by fire a few years ago, we can obtain no account of the election, or give any of the oflficials except the commis- sioned officers, obtained from the records at Marj'sville. This township is situated in the southeast part of the county, and takes its name from Mill Creek, which flows through the north part of the township, of which we shall speak further hereafter; it is bounded on the north by Dover Town- ship and the county of Delaware, on the east by Delaware County, on the south /£x^ubjec*, was drafted into military service during the war of 18! 2. For his first wife he married Polly Nelson, their children were Jamts (our subject), William, Elizabeth, and Nancy, deceafred. Mrs. Thompson died in August, 1816. Mr. Thompson married for his second wife, Elizabeth Graham, by whom he had the following children : George, Robert, Anderson, John, Susan, Elizabeth and Temperance. Mr. Tnompson died in ^lill Creek Township, in 18j6, James, our subject, whose name heads this sketch, was taken by his granufather when sis jears of age and reared and eJuciteJ. From the time he was fifteen years old till of age, he worked out hy the ilay, month and yeir. In 1832, he married and settled oq forty acres of land near Wat kins, which purchase he had mide some time previously. He pursued the avocation of farming till 1888, when he establishe-. v3SI!iW«,^'»:- ■ ' LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 391 ginia, and a brother of Allen Rea, before mentioned, settled on the same tract of land with his brother about 1830-31. He married Nancy Carter; residing here a few years, he sold his farm to Mr. Hosack and removed into Logan County, thence to Illinois, and linally to Iowa, where he died, September, 1850. His children were as follows: Charles, Levi,Alonzo, Angeline, Rebecca, Allen and Robert, all of whom moved West, married and settled there. Silas Burson, a native of Virginia, married Charity Bird, and became a settler here, on land now owned by J. T. Mahafiy, in 1824. After several years' residence here, he removed to Illinois, with his family, where he remained till his death. Of his children, Permelia married Daniel Griffin and sub- sequently he settled in Illinois, but again returned to this county and re-ided a few years; thence removed to Greene County, where his wife died. He died during the war, while nursing his son. who had enlisted in the army and was sick and in the hospital. Jesse Judy, a native of Kentucky, removed to Clark County, Ohio, and about 1832 became a resident of this county, settling on Mill Creek, where he resided till his death, May 1, 1862, aged sixty-four years. His children all removed to the West. John Raymond, a native of New Hampshire, married Sallie W. , and settled in Liberty Township about 1831. The post office at Newton was named in honor of him, as he was a resident of Newton, and took an active part in establishing the town, and was appointed the first Postmaster of the office. He died April 22, 1850, aged sixty-five years; his wife died December 6, 1860. Their childi'en were Nathaniel, married Melissa Stewart; she died and he married her sister, Mrs. Lucinda Crew, and now resides in Illinois; Wallace, married Lucinda Stewart, is ^deceased; Robert, married Sallie A. Lockwood, and now resides in Kansas. Mr. Itaymond was an active business man, a good financier and a reliable and honored citizen. Nathaniel Norviel, a native of Vermont, settled on land in the southern part of this township about 1835-36. His children were Rufus; William, deceased; Abraham; Seth, deceased; David Stiles; Rodney, and two daughters one 6t whom is deceased, and the other married ]\Ir. Sharp, of Logan County, Ohio. Littrell Ford, a native of Virginia, came to Champaign County, Ohio, when quite yoang, and married Irene Smith, settling in Liberty Township about 1829, where he resided till his death, about 1879. They had the fol- lowing children: Archibald; Daniel, who served through the war; William and Lucinda, besides two or three deceased. George Baxley, born in Virginia June 6, 1801, married Martha Ann Griffith, July 4, 1826. They settled in Union County, on Boke's Creek, about 1840, and about 1843 traded the farm there for a grist mill on Mill Creek. This mill was run for more than twenty years, after which he farmed some and served as Postmaster for a time, and also was in the drug business atiNewton. Mr. Baxley died January 20, 1877. He was twice married; his first wife died May 19, 1861. He married for his second wife Mrs. Dillon, who still survives him. Mr. Baxley has immortalized himself by leaving behind him a diary, commencing in 1847, and continuing for nearly thirty years, containing the " passing events" of his family and the neighborhood generally. So thorough was his record, that when any neighbor desired to know the date of any event of the past or any particular information upon incidents of the neighborhood, he would refer to Mr. Baxley, who, upon examination of his record, could generally give the desired information. Even the extremes of temperature, and marriages, births and deaths, were all recorded; excessive droughts, or excessive floods were all noted with correctness and percision. He was a pe- 392 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. culiar man, exhibiting many eccentricities, yet, withal, a respected citizen and neighbor. Nathaniel Stewart, a native of Saratoga County, N. Y., emigrated with his family to Ohio and settled in Liberty Township, west of Newton, in the spring of 1836. They both remained residents of this neighborhood till their death, and were most worthy and devoted Christian people. They were both constituent members of the Christian Union Church, located in Taylor Township, between Newton and Marysville, and remained consistent members till their death. Mr. Stewart died October 12, 1872; his wife August 20, 1859. Charles M. Brooks came from Clark County, Ohio, and settled in Union County, with his step-father, in 1833. He maiTied Susannah F. Bennett in 1827. They remained residents of Liberty Township many years, but finally removed to North Lewisburg, Champaign County, Ohio. George Holloway settled in Liberty Township in 1846, and here opened out a home from the native forest. Solomon Cook settled here in 1846, and became an influential and re- spected citizen. He died April 8, 1879. Charles Smith, settled in this township in 1835, and remained a respected citizen till his death, October 18, 1859, aged seventy- one years. George Hemminger settled quite early in the southern portion of this township, and was a prominent and useful citizen. He and his wife, Susan, were among the organizers of the Otterbein United Brethren Church. Mr. Hemminger died January 29, 1874, aged seventy-six years. John Burson, settled here about 1833 ; he died October 22, 1880, aged seventy-six years. David Danforth settled about 1840, and died May 12, 1876, aged eighty- seven years. Sewell G. Hartshorn became a settler about 1836; was from the State of New York; he died September 18, 1874, aged seventy-tive years. Aaron Wheeler settled about 1836; died June 30, 1846, aged sixty-five years. Timothy Hutchinson located here about 1838; died November 12, 1869, aged eighty-five years. Peter Danforth settled about 1840; died January 12, 1843, aged eighty- two years. David Paul settled here about 1838; died March 21, 1861, aged seventy- one years. James Orahood became a resident here about 1835; died May 15, 1857, aged sixty-four years. The above is a record of most of the early settlers of Liberty Township. There are possibly a few names that have escaped our observation; if so, it has not been intentional on the part of the writer, but because he failed to get any knowl- edge of them, from the limited resources now left. Many names of residents of the township, especially of later dates, will be found in the list of officials of the township, in the history of churches, and especially in the biographical department of this work for Liberty Township. We will now give a few facts, incidents and events culled from the diary before mentioned, of George Baxley. May 7, 1849, David Paul's child was drowned in a cistern. Early in the year 1851, there was considerable agitation about building a railroad from Columbus to Bellefontaine. Mr. Baxley says it was surveyed through his farm, but predicted it would die a natiu'al death, and thought it would be much better to build a good gi-avel road. On Sunday, November 30, 1851, Barnet Bennett's only child was strangled to death by a kernel of meat from a hickory nut getting into the air-passages to the lungs. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 393 Spiritualism. — January 14, 1852, spiritualism in full play; Mr. Baxley witnessed knockings at the home of Mr. Titus — David Rowland, the medium. On the 17th instant, he says, " people turned nearly crazy about mysterious rap- pings, which are all the go." On the 24th he says, " mysterious knockings still continue around these diggings. Some believe the devil is unloosed, and some believe thqt it is the spirits of the departed returned; whilst others believe it is animal magnetism of some kind. But all is yet dark! dark! no one as yet having found out the secret, or in my opinion, ever will." "February 10, mysteri- ous rappings all the go — the devil raised, etc." "February 18, mysterious rappings nearly every night; calliug for the spirits of departed friends — Old Elisha White, Sampson, and Old Nick, himself — who they pretend comes at their bidding, and who has great aversion to the Biblp, Testament and Hymn-book — knocking them away, off of the stand and table, while he molests no other book whatever." Extremes of Heat and Cold. — " January 20, 1852, thermometer 20° below zero." " June 5, 1852, heavy frost; over-coat and sitting by the fire feel com- fortable; thermometer, 44° above zero at sunrise; beans, cucumbers, pump- kins and other tender vegetables killed by fi-ost last night." " February 4, 1856, thermometer 14° below zero." " May 31, 1856, heavy frost." " June 5, 1859, heavy freeze, thermometer 28° above zero; ice one-eighth inch thick; crops cut down." " June 4, 1860, ground covered white with hail; duration of hail storm, ten minutes; four panes of glass broken in my dwelling house, and four in the mill; the course of storm from northwest; sixty-two panes of glass broken in Methodist Church." "January 1, 1864, thermometer 10° below zero." " May 2, 1864, snow two inches deep." " June 12, al-^-o 13, heavy frost." "February 5, 1866, thermometer 10° below zero." "February 3, 3868, thermometer 10° below zero." "April 10, 1868, snow five inches deep." "August 18, 1869, thermometer 118° above zero. " Great Freshets. — "January 1, 1847; another on April 14, 1859; and a still greater one on April 10, 1860, doing great damage; destroying property all along Mill Creek. " "March 31, 1865, great freshet; highest water known since 1837." Sickly Season. — "August, 1863, very sickly, flux, diarrhoea and fevers; al- most every family more or less afflicted, and many deaths." Great Temperance Crusade. — " On Christmas, 1865, twenty or more ladies entered a saloon kept in Newton and destroyed all liquors, decanters, glasses, etc. Subsequently the said ladies were arrested for riot; also twenty indict- ments were found against the saloon keeper; he was fined and jailed, and at last completely prostrated, financially, and unable to continue prosecution against the said ladies; but at this juncture, the wholesale liquor dealer, from whom he purchased his liquor, and for which he was indebted, came to the rescue and took up the prosecution against the ladies. Subsequently the ladies in the case, and numerous citizens, raised money by subscription, and paid ihe damages to property, and thus settled the suit." Pioneer. — " Jacob Orahood settled here in Liberty Township in 1823, and resided here thirty years on Mill Creek, moving away in April, 1850." GRIST MILLS, SAW MILLS, ETC. The first mill erected in Liberty Township was built about 1831-32, by Samuel Orahood. This was a grist mill run by water power, situated on Mill Creek, about one and one- fourth miles above where Newton now stands, on the Israel Lockwood farm. It was a small but good frame mill. Mr. Ora- hood operated the mill two or three years, when he was succeeded by G. Smith, who, while owner of the mill, attached a saw-mill. , In the spring of 394 HISTORY OF UNION COUNtY. 1843, George W. Baxley became owner of the property and continued to run these mills until 1856, when he rebuilt the grist-mill and ceased to run the saw-mill. This mill Mr. Baxley kept in repair and continued to run for more than twenty-five years. It was very expensive to keep up the dam and have everything in repair, from the fact that Mill Creek was subject to so many freshets, washing out the dam, and it cost many dollars to repair it; this oc- curred frequently. Soon after the war, Mr. Baxley having poor health and the mill becoming old and dilapidated, he abandoned it, and it has never been repaired or run since. Clements' Saic-MiU. — About 1833, Ransom Clements ei'ected a water-power saw mill on Mill Creek. This was probably the first saw-mill in the township, and was run about eight or ten years, when it ceased to be used; the saw mill above mentioned, attached to the grist mill, having supplanted it. About 1847, Eansom Clements commenced the erection of a saw mill, about one mile north of Newton, on the York Center road, but before the mill was completed Mr. Clements was succeeded by Walter and T. E. Lockwood, who finished the mill and ran it for a few months, when it was destroyed by fire. Et was re- built by Walter and Frederick Lockwood and operated by them till 1854-55; they were succeeded by Wheeler & Phelps. After a few months, Milton Col- ver became owner of the mill, but a few years later it was again destroyed by fire. Mr. Colver then sold the property to David Wood, who began prepara- tions to rebuild it, but finally relinquished the project, and thus closed fhe history of this mill. The Thomas Grist Mill. — About 1845-46, Mr. A. Thomas erected a grist- mill on Mill Creek about three and one-half miles above Newton. This mill was run by water power about ten or twelve years and went out of use. Peoria Saw-Mill — Was first erected and run by a Mr. Feltner; he was succeeded by Barnet Bennett. T'annery. — About 1849, T. L. and Daniel Wiswell built a tannery about one mile north of Newton, near the Clements saw mill. They carried on bus- iness nearly two years, when Daniel retired and the tannery was continued in operation by T. L. Wiswell till 1861, when he was succeeded by G. J. Hill. In 1865, the tannery passed into the ownership of E. & F. G. Lockwood, who continued business till 1870, when the tanning business was discontin- ued, having been run over twenty years. In 1824 was erected the first schoolhouse in Liberty Township. This was a round-log cabin situated on the lower corner of what is now the Baughan Cemetery. But prior to this, school was held in an old unoccupied house on Israel Carter's farm. The first teacher was William Edgar; the next, Thomas Lapham. The above-mentioned schoolhouse was succeeded by a hewed- log house, which was built on the site of Dague & Wilson's store; and the first teacher here was Thomas Cheney. The next was a frame house erected on the lot where Mrs. Angeline Lockwood now resides; this was succeeded by a frame house built on the site of the present house. In 1880, the present large two- story frame house was erected, with two rooms and two teachers employed. Thus from the primitive log schoolhouse has succeeded four difierent struct- ures, each being a little better and more comfortable than its predecessor, un- til the present one is large and commodious and exhibits the interest taken by the people in the education of their children. A similar degree of progress is seen in the several neighborhoods and school districts throuofhout the town- ship; from the rough log cabin, they have successively risen to good, comfort- able frame or brick houses; and instead of benches and slab seats they now LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 395 have the most approved furniture, constructed so as to give comfort and to comport to the health of the children who are there to be educated and quali- fied for the responsible duties of life. The township is now divided into ten subdistricts, with the following enumeration of scholars: Subdistrict No. 1, males, 29; females, 22; total, 51. Subdistrict No. 2, males, 23; females, 21; total, 44. Subdistrict No. 3, males, 81; females, 29; total 60. Sub- district No. 4, males, 17; females,13; total,30. Subdistrict No. 5, males, 13; females, 17; total, 30. Subdistrict No. 6, males, 49; females, 28; total, 77. Subdistrict No. 7, males, 35; females, 21; total, 56. Subdistrict No. 8, males, 13; females, 11; total, 24. Subdistrict No. 9, males, 33; females, 24; total, 57. Subdistrict No. 10, males, 18; females, 14; total, 32. Total males, 261; females, 200; grand total, 461. Board of Education. — District No. 1, James Thomas; No. 2, James Herd, President of ihe Board; No. 3, B. R. Sudduth; No. 4, J. E. Southard; No. 5, David Skidmore; No. 6, E. U. Argo; No. 7, Z. McElroy; No. 8, R. W. Bault; No. 9, M. W. Judy; No. 10, William Fry. REPORT OF BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR 1883. Balance on hand September 1, 1881 $1,279 57 State tax 667 50 Irreducible school funds 43 50 Township tax for school and schoolhouse purposes 2,365 03 Amount received from sale of bonds 580 92 Library books 4 52 Total receipts |4, 941 04 EXPENDITURES. Whole amount paid teachers in common schools $2,696 00 Amount paid out for sites and buildings 1,018 00 Amount paid for fuel and other contingent expenses 800 14 Total expenditures $4,514 14 Balance on hand September 1, 1882 $426 90 Number of sub school districts 10 Number of rooms 11 Number of teachers employed 11 Average wages of teachers, male $41 Average wages of teachers, female $27 Average number of weeks the schools were in session 28 CHURCHES. Methodist Episcopal Church at Newton. — This was evidently the first or- ganized religious body in Liberty Township. In 3819, it is believed, Elder J. B. Finley organized a class at the house of Israel Carter, consisting of the following persons: Israel Carter and wife Agnes, Levi Carter and wife Bet- sey, and Mrs. Polly Carter. They occasionally met as a class, and at times had preaching at the private houses; but there were so few of them, and the roads in such bad condition, that it was difficult to meet togfether, and the organization was abandoned. About 1826, Rev. Simms visited the neighbor- hood and organized a class, in the schoolhouse, consisting of the above-men- tioned members of the former class, together with the following persons: Adam Shirk and wife Anna, Mrs. Kiger, Israel Lockwood and wife Angeline, with some children of these families; also Polly Orahood, Jemima Carter and per- haps a few others. They held meetings at private houses and at the school- house till about 1833, at which date they erected a hewed-log house for church purposes, which served the people until about 1859, when the present frame house was erected. At the raising of the frame for this church, David Wood 396 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. had a foot badly crushed by a falling timber, which crippled him severely. The church was dedicated September 30, 1859, by Elder H. E. Pilchei', and regular services have been held here since. Among the pastors who have ad- ministered to the spiritual wants of this people since its organization were Revs. Jones, Pryor, J. A. Brown, George Walker, Oliver Burgess, T. Herbert, J. S. DeKalb, Ford, Good, Joshua Longfellow, Webster, Joseph Wilkes, Eichard Lawrence, William Taylor, J. A. Wright, Dwight Cook, J. S. De- Liel, T. J. Mathews, James F. Mounts, H. J. Bigley, Samuel Boggs, John Bower, Taylor Jagger, Samuel Roberts, Shultz, Frank Oulds, Philip Ware- ham (one of the early ministers), Daniel Carter and William G. Littell; the latter is the present officiating minister. Class Leaders have been Charles Smith, who served twenty years, Charles Smith, Jr., Benjamin Glassco, Ho- mer Woodward, R. P. Amrine and Isaac McElroy, with Benjamin Glassco and R. P. Amrine as the present class leaders. Present membership is about thirty-nine. A good Sabbath school has been maintained for many years. The average attendance is probably about forty-five, with R. P. Amrine as Superintendent. Free-Will Baptist Church at Newton. — ^Is the next oldest church. It was organized March 28, 1826, by Elder David Dudley, at the house of James Herd, consisting of five persons, as follows: James Herd, Levi Carter, John Sharp, Jeremiah Moore and Israel Carter, who received the right hand of fel- lowship. James Herd was chosen Clerk. The monthly meetings were held for some time, alternately, at the house of Brother L. Garwood, and at East Liberty, until Brother Skidmore came into the vicinity, when they were held at his house, and then alternated between the three places. On November 1, 1834, the church met at Liberty for monthly meetings, at which time Levi Garwood and James Herd were appointed Deacons in the church. At a meet ing of their church, October 1, 1836, at the schoolhouse in Brother Garwood's settlement. Brother Isaac Dotson was received into the church and at the same time they moved that a request be sent to the next Quarterly Meeting to license Brother Dotson to " improve his gift wherever God in his providence might cast his lot. " Also at same time moved that Brethren L. Garwood and James Herd be ordained Deacons in this church. At a meeting at 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day the said Brethren were set apart to the office of Deacons, by the laying on of hands by Elders Mead and Dudley. Also on the same day Brother John Monroe was chosen as Clerk. At a meeting of the church, December 16, 1837, at the schoolhouse in Liberty Township, after due deliberation, agreed to divide the church, and that the church at East Liberty be called the First Church. At same date, James Herd was appointed Clerk. At a meeting in November. 1841, Levin Grififin was appointed Clerk; and moved that the subscription of $15.50 for " Home Missions " be collected and paid to Elder Mead. On January 22, 1842, Elder Mead was appointed pastor of the church. December 24, 1842, Elder Harvey was appointed pas- tor for one year. On the fourth Saturday in July of the same year, Ara Glea- son wa'' appointed Deacon in the church. On the fourth Saturday of Janu- ary, 1844, Elder Erastus Harvey was again chosen pastor for one year; and again, September 14, 1845, he was appointed for one year. In December, 1845, was held a series of meetings, during which quite a revival occnrred, and on the 22d of said month Elder George Baker baptized eleven persons. On the 30th instant, Elder David Dudley baptized six persons, and at a meet- ing on the fourth Saturday of said month twelve persons united with the church at Newton. On the fourth Saturday of July, 1846, Brothers Ara Glea- son and William Simmons were choseu Deacons in the church. December 31, 1846, Elder David Dudley was chosen pastor for the year 1847; again in Jan- LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 397 uary, 1848, he was chosen pastor for that year; he also served for the year 1849. In 1850, he moved away. April 3, 1852, Elder Higgins was chosen pastor for one year. Again in April, 1853, he was chosen for another year; and also served in 1854 and 1855. In 1856, Elder Colyer was employed as pastor, and continued as such till 1866. B. F. Zell became pastor in 1867, and remained till 1877 inclusive. He was succeeded by Elder Abraham H. Whitaker in the summer of 1878, and remained for four years. His services ended in the fall of 1882, oince when the church has had no regular pastor. In 1852-58, this chvirch and the Christian Church united their efforts and com- menced the erection of a church building. It was several years before it was fully completed, but in the spring of 1858 the house was dedicated and has served the two societies to the present date. The present membersliip of the church is about twenty-two, with William Figley as Deacon. A flourishing Sunday school is conducted, averaging about seventy-fivescholars, with Charles Lockwood as Superintendent, and Harry Williams, Assistant. Disciples^ Church, on Mill Creek, was organized by Rev. D. H. Hathaway, in the winter of 1838, with the following constituent members: Andrew Hen- derson and wife Sarah, James Henderson and wife Elizabeth, Charles Burr and wife Mary, Jonathan Bennington and wife, and daughter Margaret, Rob- ert Ramsey and wife, John Ramsey and wife, A. H. Thompson and wife Har- riet, Joseph Phifer and wife Charity, and Rev. D. H. Hathaway and wife Rachel, and probably a few others, with Andrew Henderson and Charles Burr as Elders; James Henderson and Isaiah Bay as Deacons. The organization was completed in the schoolhouse near where the church now stands. They con- tinued to hold meetings in private houses and in the schoolhouses till about 1847, when they erected a hewed-log building about 28x24 feet for church purposes, which was duly dedicated by Rev. Jacob Reed. This house served the people till the building of the present one, in 1859, at a cost of 11,200, and the same was dedicated January 29, 1860, by Huston January, since which time they have had preaching once every month to the present, and social meetings on every Sabbath day. The following pastors have adminis- tered to this society since its organization: Revs. D. H. Hathaway. Arthur Criffield, William Dowling, Sr. , John Ferguson, Jesse Ferguson, Jacob Reed, George McCaul, John Reed, Mr. Lieurance, David Mitchell, Joshua Antrim, Michael Riddle, William Pinkerton, Mr. Peterman, A. J. Clark, John Stanard, J. J. Moss, George Morse, Alonzo Skidmore, and Rev. M. C. Gallier. The present membership is about 100 with Daniel Skidmore, Lemuel Ballinger, D. H. Henderson, James Henderson and Isaac Shirk as Elders; and Thomas Garwood, D. S. Argo and George Holloway as Deacons. A good Sabbath school is held here, which was organized here twenty-five years ago or more, and has been continued through the summer seasons to the present time. Otterbien United Brethren Church. — This church is located in the south- western part of the township, near Flat Branch, and was organized about 1849 by Rev. F. B. Hendricks, who formed a class at the schoolhouse, consisting of the following persons: Zachariah McElroy and wife Catharine, George Hemmiuger and wife Susan, Thomas Clark and wife Polly, John Stokes and wife, Littrell Foi'd and wife Irena, and probably a few others. Services were held in the schoolhouse till about 1857, when they erected a frame house for church purposes, and the same was duly dedicated to sacred use. Services continued to be held here regularly till about 1876, when the house became so out of repair that it was no longer a suitable place in which to hold meetings, and the membership has dwindled away by death and removals, till now there are only two members, Rev. D. Zeigler and wife, and their membership is held in the Darby Church in Allen Township. For those who served as pas- 398 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. tors of this church, see Darby Church, as services were supplied at the two places by the same ministers. The following persons served as Class Leaders: Thomas Clark, Stephen Cranston, Cyrus Fetty, A. P. Hemminger, James Carnston and Zachariah McElroy. Christian Church at Newton. — September 30, 1850, the following persons organized themselves into a chiirch under the appellation of " The Christian Church at Newton," taking the Bible as their only rule of faith and practice, viz. : Nathaniel Stewart, Hezekiah Stewart, Theodorus Green, Eliza Green, Jenette Robb, Jonathan Wickersham, Hannah Wickersham, Fannie Carter, Levin Griffin, Melissa Raymond, Mary Henderson, Permelia Griffin, Jacob Meyers, Catharine Myers, Abraham Stiner, William Reynolds, Mary Griffin, James Neal and Ann Wickersham. The minister who officiated on this occa- sion was Elder Daniel Long. Their regular church meeting to be held on the Saturday before the third Sabbath in each month at 1 o'clock in the afternoon. Of^tober 4, 1850, a meeting was held for the election of officers, at which time R. H. Hutchinson was chosen Clerk, and Nathaniel Stewart, Deacon. On the third Saturday in September, 1851, Jacob Myers was elected Clerk. Elder Beard was the minister at this meeting; also discourses were delivered by Elders Herd and Griffin, in October, Elder Wilson in December, and Elder Bowersmith, in January, Elder Long, in February, 1852; April 25, by Elder Knight, on the third Sunday in3Iay, by Elder Robinson; and on April 10, 1858, by Elder Brina. April 11, 1858, the church building, spoken of in the history of the Free- Will Baptist Chui'ch as erected by the united elforts of the two chiu'ches, was dedicated, the following ministers present: Elder Baker (Baptist), Elder Knight (Christian), Elder Heath (Baptist) and Elder Griffin (Christian), Brother Outland (BajDtist) 'and Elder Brina (Christian). The dedicatory sermon was preached by Elder Knight. A series of meetings was held for five days, and a large nxunber united with the church and received the ordinance of baptism. October 9, 1858, C. A. Williams was elected Clerk. Elder Knight served as pastor in 1858. October 8, 1859, P. Manchester was elected Clerk. Elder Knight was again employed as pastor in 1859; also in 1860. April 12, 1862, Edwin Cranston was elected Clerk. June 13, 1862, L. R. Carter was elected Clerk. October 17, 1868, D. H. Harrington was elected Clerk. January 19, 1877, A. H. Lyon was elected Clerk, and also in 1878. Since the organization of the church, the following pastors have served this people: Elders Daniel Long, Josiah Knight, Daniel Griffin, C. T. Emmons, Hutchinson, William Webb, W'inget, Lyons, Halverstot, and C. A. W^illiams. The present membership is about sixty-five; present pastor, Elder Humphreys. Deacons are J. T. Ma- haffey and Charles Tobe}-, and the present Clerk, David Harrington. CEMETERIES. Baughan Cemetery was the first burial place in the township; it is lo- cated on the Marysville Pike, about midway between Newton and Peoria It was taken otf from the farm of Mordecai Baughan, for a burial ground, about 1822, and was dedicated to its use by the reception of the body of a child of William Gladhill; the second to be buried here was Mrs. Colver, wife of Charles Colver; and the third was Charles Colver. About 1868, this ceme- tery was enlarged by an addition from the fiarm of Orlando AVells, and about the same time the Town.ship Trustees took charge of it, and have since kept it fenced and in repair. Neivton Cemetery, located a little northeast of the village of Newton, was set apart for burial purposes about 1850-51, from the farm of David Paul, and first received the bodies of Lyman Bodkin and a son of Solomon Cook, Vr^C>^Z^U^ (/C^^^^Z^^^^ LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 401 and has since been open for the reception of the dead. About one year ago the Township Trustees assumed superintendence of the grounds and are keep- ing up repairs in general. The above are the principal cemeteries of the township. South of Newton on the Clark farm is the private burial place of theClax'k family; it is on the land now owned by J. W. Lockwood. Also at the Disciple Church is a private cemetery which belongs to the church; and a little further down the creek, situated on the north side of Mill Creek, is an old private cemetery; these are now but little used. ROADS AND PIKES. This township, like all the others in Union County, is well supplied with good gravel roads. The first to be built was the Marysville & Newton, 8| miles, built in 1871, at a cost of $23,673.50. The Marysville & Belief ontaine, 8^ miles, at a cost of $26,122. The Newton & Bellefontaine, 4 miles, cost 7,968.25; the last two were built in 1874. The Broadway & Newton, built in 1876, at a cost of $5,315.26; this was 2| miles in length. Since the build- ing of the above, several pikes have been constructed, and at this time others are being built, which when completed will give the township many miles of gravel roads, all the principal lines of road being transformed into good pikes or gravel roads. The township has one railroad. New York, Pennsyl- vania & Ohio, which was completed and the first train passed over the road in the spring of 1864. This road passes through the southwest portion of the township in a northeast and southwest course, having a station at the village of Peoria. This is a great convenience, furnishing the citizens with a good shipping point for their grain and stock. There are two villages in the township, Newton and Peoria. The former was surveyed for David Paul and laid off into lots and streets, August 25, 1838. The lots are all five poles in front and eight poles back, excepting Lots No. 1, 18, 19, 25. Lots No. 1 and 25 are but three poles and twelve links in front, and eight poles back; Lot No. 18 is five poles in front, on Marysville street, and four poles in back; Lot No. 19 is five poles in front, on Marysville street, and six poles back: the lines of Lots No. 18 and 19 running S. 46 W. ; the lines of all the other lots run N. 51 W. and N. 39 E. and their opposites. At the northwest corner of Lot No. 13 is a stone planted, and at the southwest corner of Lot No 8, both stones are on the margin of Marysville street, all of which is represented on the recorded plat. March 6, 185-, surveyed by A. F. Wilkins, for David Paul, an addition to the town of Newton, beginning at the south end of Marysville street, laying off on the west side of said street five lots, with five poles front, and eight poles back, to east lot, with an alley of one pole in width be tween No. 25 and No. 26. and No. 27 and No. 28, with an alley on the back two poles wide; course of the lots on Marysville street, S. 51° E.', and course back S. 39^ W. ; amount contained in said additional lots, alleys and streets is two acres and four poles; and amount contained in each lot is one-fourth of an acre. The first house was a frame, erected by Hezekiah Davis, on the corner now owned by James Wood. John Raymond ke]3t the first hotel. The first store was opened by Edward Inskeep, who was succeeded by Hezekiah Davis and David Harrington, located on the James Wood corner: this was about 1838, near the time of the layiag-out of the town. William Boggs was the first blacksmith. First physician was Dr. Winthrop Chandler; he was suc- ceeded by Dr. Core, then Dr. Marcus, Dr. Blair, Dr. Southard, Dr. Burkham 22 402 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. and Dr. Stokes. The post office was established about 1842, with John Ray- mond as Postmaster; he was succeeded by S. W. Atkinson, Nathaniel Ray- mond, Anson Darrow, J. J. Wallace, Nathaniel Raymond, G. W. Baxley. P. A. Graves, J. W. McElroy. W. M. Milligan, R. P.' Amrine, W. M. Milligan and G. T. Lockwood, the present incumbent. Present Business. — Two general stores, Dague & AVilson andC. W. Case; one drug store, by Dr. Wright; one hotel, by E. Wells; two blacksmith and wagon shops, by Ham & Quinn and Moffitt & Hinton; one photograph gal- lery and furniture store, by S. U. Argo; one boot and shoe shop, by D. K. Anthony; one harness shop, by E. Lockwood; two physicians, Dr. J. Q. Southard and Dr. J. Wright; one two- story frame schoolhouse, with two rooms, in which are emjiloyed two teachers; and two church edifices, with thi'ee de- nominations — Methodist Episcopal, Free- Will Baptist and Christian; the last two occupy one church building. The town contains by the last census, 175 people. It appears by the records in Marysville, that, on about the same loca- tion where Newton now stands, was surveyed and laid off into streets and al- leys a town to be known as "Kingsville" as follows: "On September 26, 1834, was surveyed into lots and alleys for Samuel King a certain tract of land as described on the records at Marysville, the same to be known by the name of Kingsville, Union County, Ohio; Levi Phelps, surveyor, and the same duly acknowledged on October 4, 1834. before Samuel B. Johnson, Justice of the Peace." Recorded October 24, 1834, But we gain no further information concerning this town, and the probability is that no building occurred and that four years later Newton was laid out and superseded it. Peoria. — " I hereby certify that on the 20th day of May, 1870, I made a survey of the town of Peoria in the township of Liberty, and in the county of Union, for Joseph K. Richey, as described and platted upon the record at Marysville, containing, exclusive of the railroad land, 9| acres. '*B. A. Fay, Surveyor.'''' The same being duly executed and acknowledged before W. M. Robinson, a Justice of the Peace. Addition. — "I hereby certify that in September, 1872, I made a survey and plat of an addition to the town of Peoria, in the township of Liberty, in the county of Union, in the State ot Ohio, for Robert D. Finley, as duly de- scribed and platted on the record at Marysville, F. J. Sager, Surveyor." The same being duly executed and acknowledged before George W. Baxley, a No- tary Public, October 4, 1872, and recorded in October, 1872. Hiram Raney, Recorder. Robert Finley opened the first store; George Wesley was the first blacksmith; Robert Finley was appointed first Postmaster. Messrs. Woods & Richey erected a warehouse. The village now contains about seventy-five persons, with one general store, by Gosnell Brothers; one blacksmith, Samuel Sterling; one warehouse, by Rogers & Thompson; and one saw mill. The New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad passes through the town. This is the only railroad station and shipping point in the township. SECRET SOCIETIES. Newton Lodge, No. 249, F. & A. M., was instituted October 19, 1854, with the following charter members: W. H. Robb, P. Manchester, C. Wink- ler, Milton Colver, Nathaniel Stewart, James R. Smith, James W. Brooks, Smith Brown, T. L. AViswell and G. W. Baxley; with officers as follorws: W. H. Robb, W. M.; P. Manchester, S. W, ; C. Winkler, J. W. Present member- ship, thirty- three. Present officers are: S. S. Drake, W. M. ; E. Lockwood, S. W. ; Almond Johnson, J. W. ; N. G. Dillon, Treasurer; C. F. Smith, Sec- retary; T. A. Redding, S. D., and G. H. Reeder, J. D. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 403 OFFICIALS OF LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. We lind the early records of this township are lost or destroyed; the rec- ords that are now in their possession only run back to 1863. The tii-st elec- tion for State and county officers was held October 8, 1822; Charles Colver, Josiah Davis and James Herd were Judges; Elisha White and Israel Lock- wood, Clerks. The number of votes polled at this election was ten, resulting as follows: Jeremiah Morrow, 10 for Governor; Joseph Vance, 10 for Repre- sentative in Congress; Henry Bi-own, 10 for Senator; Nicholas Hathaway, 10 for Repx'esentative in State Legislature; Nathaniel Kazer, 5, Harvey Hovey, 3, and John Reed, 2, for Sheriff; James Comer, 7, for Coroner; Anson Howard. 7, andHem-y Sager,l, for Commissioner; Clark Proven, 7, and Alexander Robin- son, 1, fur Auditor. In 1880, the township polled 372 votes. TRUSTEES. ]863, L. S. Norviell, C. M. Brooks and T. E. Brown; 1864, J. H. Thomas, Thomas E. Bowen and C M. Brooks; 1865, D. H. Henderson, John Harts- horn and T. E. Brown; 1866, James Crauston, Israel Carter and George Hal- loway; 1867, James Cranston, Stephen Shirk and George Holloway; 1868, D. H. Henderson, Stephen Shirk and A. P. Hemminger; 1869, D. H. Henderson, James Cranston and Stephen Shirk; 1870, Stephen Shirk, Charles Tobey and R. W. Bault: 1871, Charles Toby, James T. Mahafifey and R. W. Bault; 1872, R. W. Bault, D. H. Henderson and John Hartshorn; 1873, E. Lockwood, Stephen Shirk and James Herd; 1874, James Herd, Erastus Lockwood; 1875, D. H. Henderson, N. G. Dillon and John Hartshorn; 1876, D. H. Henderson, N. G. Dillon and J. J. Miller; 1877, A. H. Dean, D. K. Anthony and James Hei'd; 1878, A. H. Dean, D. K. Anthony and E.Tallman; 1879, W. Milligan, D. H. Henderson and Alexander Gibson; 1880-81, W. Mil- ligan, George Holloway and J. R. Hubbard; 1882, John Reyner, N. G. Dil- lon and J. E. Southard. CLERKS. 1863-73, A. A. Hutchinson; 1874, L. F. Strickland; 1875, A. A. Hutch- inson; 1876, George W. Baxlev; 1877, J. C. Lockwood; 1878, D. li. Thomas; 1879-80, J. H. Lockwood; 1881-82, H. Dague. TREASURERS. 1863-64, Josiah Knight; 1865-66, S. M. Hewett; 1867, T. L. Wiswell; 1868-70, James T. Mahaffey; 1871, James Henderson; 1872, James T. Mahafifey; 1873-82, Stephen Cranston. CONSTABLES. .' 1863, Job Dillon and A. Lockwood; 1864, Job Dillon and Abisha Warner; 1865-66, A. Warner and Levin Griffin; 1867, A. Warner and C. F. Sparks; 1868-69, A. Warner and Levin Griffin; 1870, A. Warner and Job Dillon; 1871, A. Warner and E. Hammond; 1872, N. G. Dillon and A. J. Griffin; 1873, John Reid and Irwin Turner; 1874. Levi Hill and Irwin Turner; 1875, A. E. Myers and L. Griffin; 1876, A. E. Mvers and and A. Phelps; 1877, A. E. Myers and W. P. Miller; 1878, A. E. Myers and John Dasher; 1879, L. McElroy and D. A. Lockwood; 1880, ,N. G. Dillon and D. A. Lockwood; 1881, L. McElroy and J. E. McElrony;' 1882, L. McElroy and John Darling. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1823-38, William Gladhill; 1838-53, Joshua Judy; 1838, James Herd; 1841-47, E. W. Inskeep; 1842-48, David Danforth; 1846, William Norviell; 404 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1847-53, Miles H. Wadham; 1849-70, David Norviell; 1852, F. E. Hender- son- 1858, Samuel Turner; 1853, Bonnet Bennett; 1854, R. L. Judy; 1856- 62, William M. Baughan; 1857, Samuel Turner; 1860-69, T. L. Wiswell; 1867, T. E. Bowen; 1868, S. W. Atkinson; 1868, A. P. Hemminger; 1871-73, James Herd; 1871-74, James T. Maliaffey; 1877. S. W. Atkinson; 1880, John Lyon. BIOGRAPHICAL SKIiTCIIE.S. ISAAC CONNOR (deceased) was born in North of Ireland June 24, 1823. He was a son of .John and Mary Connor, who were also natives of Ireland. In 1850, he came to the United States and spent three years in New York City ; then came to Licking County, Ohio, where he resided till I860, at which time he came to Liberty Township and bought a farm of 104 acres. April 25, 1863, he was married to Miss Mai-y, daughter of David and Sarah (Lloyd) Price, who were natives of Wales, and came across the water in 1842, settling in Licking County. Mrs. Connor was born in Montgomeryshire, Wales, July 6, 1838. One son was born to this union — John E., born March 6, 1864. Mr. Connor died November 28, 1870. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, and a man of honor and uprightness. Mrs. Connor has but one sister — Sarah, wife of Joseph P. Evans. Her only brother, Richard Price, died in L'cking County in February, 1871. SOLOMON COOK (deceased). The subject of this memoir was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, February 22, 1813. His father, Michael Cook, was a native of Virginia, and removed to Columbiana County prior to the war of 1812. Mr. Cook was reared to manhood in his native place. In 1846, he came to Liberty Township and purchased 100 acres of woodland. He cleared and well improved the farm before his death, and was a successful agriculturist. He was the first man to introduce Spanish merino sheep in the county, and was successfully engaged in their culture till his death. He was one of the leading fine sheep men of the county. In 1839, he was married to Miss Anna, daughter of Morgan Wellington, who bore him seven chil- dren — Uriah and Malinda J., wife of C. P. Morse; Margaret, Perry, Osborn, Martin and Wel- lington are deceased. Margaret was the wife of George Henry, and Perry married Eliza (^aby. Mrs. Cook departed this life in November, 1864, and October — , 1865, Mr. Cook was married to Mrs. Catharine M. Forry, widow of Abram Forry. They had three children by this union — Ellsworth, Myrtie M. and Ida 13. Mr. Cook died April 8, 1879, after a life of uprightness and usefulness. Uriah Cook was reared on the old homestead. September 26, 1867, he was mar- ried to Martha M., daughter of Charles and Mary J. Tobey, by whom he had three children — Archie T., Fred. \V. and Harry S. Mrs. Cook was born in Liberty Township, June 20, 1849. Mr. Cook removed to his present location in 1876, and here followed farming and stock-raising. He is engaged in keeping thoroughbred Spanish merino sheep, which he exhibited at the Ohio and Indiana State fairs. His stock won fourteen premiums at the Indiana fair. Mr. Cook owns 103^ acres of land. STEPHEN CRANSTON, Sr , retired, P. 0. Raymond, an old pioneer of Union County, was born in Providence, Rtiode Island, October 1, 1793. His parents, John and Phebe A. (Edwards) Cronston, were natives of Pihode Island, and came to Champaign County, Ohio, in 1815. Mrs. Cranston died in Rhode Island in 1805, and Mr. Cranston in 1824. The subject of this sketch was married July 25, 1819, to Esther, daughter of Ezekiel and Susanna Hammond. Mrs. Cranston was born in Connecticut, January 1, 1802. Nine children were the fruits of this union ; of these, they reared nine to maturity, and seven are living at the present time, viz., George A., John D., Melissa, wife of W. Gideon, James, Julius, Stephen, Jr., and E Iwin. Mr. and .Mrs. (Jranston came to Union County when all was woods, and thvy were obliged to follow an unbroken path of " blazed trees." The Indians were numerous, and wild game plenty. Mr. and Mrs. Cranston are one of the oldest married couples in Union County. They trod the rough road of pioneer life together, and by industry and energy have made "for themselves large and valuable property, at one time owning over 800 acres of land, which they have given their children. Mr. and Mrs. Crans'on are members of the Christian Church, and honored and esteemed pioneers of the county. Stephen Cranston, .Jr., was born in Cham- paign County -May 18, 1836. He came to Union County with his parents when a boy, and was reared to manhood on the farm, receiving his education in the common schools. In June, 1866, he made a purchase of forty-two acres of his present farm. He m'ide subse- quent additions to the original purchase, till his farm now contains something over 3()() acres of well-improved and highly cultivated land. Mr. Cranston was first married February 17, 1857, to Sabrina, daughter of Loin and Emily Griffin. She died December 18, 1858, and August 30, 1860, Mr. Cranston was again married, this time to Miss Jane E., daughter ( f Alex- ander and Abigail Rogers, the former a native of Somerset County, Penn , and the latter of Rutland County, Yt. Mrs. Cranston was born September 15, 1835. Three children were born to bless this marriage, viz., Emma E., born December 17, 1863 ; Ormel A., born March Ki, 1868; and Esther M., born December 15. 1869. Mr. Cranston lias been engnged as contractor on pikes for a term of years, and has aided in the construction of Newton ^^ Mar^-sville, Newton & LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 405 North Lewisburg and Newfon & Crowder gravel roads. He pursues farming and rearing stock as Ills occupation. He is now serving his tenth term as Township Treasurer. Politically, he is a Republican. WILLIAM CROWDER, farmer, P. 0. Raymond, a native of Champaign County, was born March 30, 1823. His parents, John and Elizabeth Crowder, were born near Petersburg, Va. Their parents were natives of Virginia, and removed to Champaign County, Ohio, the year before the war of 1812. His father was a soldier in that war. He resided in Cham- paign County till 1852, at which time he removed to Van Buren County, Iowa. In 18fi7, he re- turned, and died in November, 1878. His wife died in September, 1853. William is the fourth of a family of fourteen children. He was reared on a farm till of age, when he engaged to work by the year, and employed himself in that way seven years at wages from !?100 to $130 per year. In 1846, he bought 100 acres of land, for which he paid $303, and in 1851 purchased fifty acres of his present farm. He now owns eighty acres of land, besides 120 acres in Allen Township. All was in woods when he settled on it, and has cleared and improved it to its pres- ent condition. October 10, 1851, he was joined in marriage with Miss L. Herd, who bore him four children, viz., John P., William W., Phebe J., wife of Osander Parrish, and Charles C. Mi's. Crowder died October 18, 1860, and March 14, 1861, Mr. C. was married to Margaret, daughter of Allen and Maria Rea. Mrs. Crowder was born in Liberty Township May 19, 1833. Six daughters were born to this union — Debbie R., Maria E., wife of Thomas Johnson, Minnie M., Cora A., Mary M. and Lucetta. Mr. and Mrs. Crowder are members of the Disci- ples of Christ. Mr. Crowder owns 200 acres of land, and pursues the avocation of farming and stock-raising. Politically, he is a Republican. R. D. FINLEY, farmer, P. 0. Peoria, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., October 22, 1835. He is a son of James V. and Elizabeth Finley, natives of Westmoreland and Wash- ington Counties, Penn. They removed to Allen Township, Union County, in 1842. The sub- ject of this sketch is the fourth son of a family of ten children. He was reared to manhood on a farm. August 5, 1862, he volunteered his services in Company K, Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was engaged in the following battles : Chickasaw Bluifs, siege of Vicksburg, siege of Jackson, Forts Morgan, Gaines, Spanish and Blakely, and Carrion Crow Bayou, where a man on each side of him was killed. He was honorably discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, July, 1865. In 1870, Mr. Finley engaged merchandising in Peoria, and followed it successfully till 1881, and has since turned his attention to rearing short-horned cattle. His marriage occurred January 2, 1868, with Miss jMary, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Turner. One son, James F., was born to this union. His birth occurred January 4, 1869. Mr. Finley is identified with the Masonic order, and Grand Army of the Republic. He was instrumental in establishing the post office at Peoria, and served as Postmaster eight years. JASPER N. GOSNI^LL, merchant, Peoria, a native of Licking County, Ohio, was born July 26, 1843. He is a son of Abraham and Margaret (Armstrong) Gosnell, natives of Huntingdon County, Penn. They wei-e married in Licking County, Ohio, and came to Taylor Township, Union County, in 1858. They were the parents of ten children, of whom seven are living, viz., Ruth, wife of Nathaniel Armstrong; Mary M., wife of W. A. McCarney; Jasper N., George W., Franklin D., Fletcher C. and John A. Mr. Gosnell died May 12, 1859. Jasper was reared on a ftirm and educated in the common schools, and Mai-ysville Union Schools. August 6, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served in the Army of the Mississippi and Gulf, and fought at Chickasaw Bluffs, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Grand Cateau and Sabine Cross Roads, where he received a gunshot wound in his right thigh, which disabled him from all further duty. He was discharged De- cember 12, 1864, at Camp Chase, Ohio. As a compensation for his disability sustained in the service, he gets a pension of §16 per month. In 1870, he engaged in mercantile trade in Taylor Township, and in 1880 removed his business to Peoria, where he enjoys a good trade. March 29, 1869, he was married to Amanda 0., daughter of Benjamin and Margaret Hartrura, by whom he has had three children — Nettie F., Howard B. and Ottie J. Mr. Gosnell is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and in politics is a Republican. NELSON HARRINGTON, farmer, was t)orn m Providence County, Rhode Island, December 28, 1802, and is ason of Anthooy and Elizabeth (Rice) Harrington, of the above State. He (Anihdny) was a son of John Harrington, a native of Rhode Island, and his father, Nathaniel, was born in England, aad accompanied the second colony that came to this country. John served as an officer in the Revolutionary war. In 1817, the subject of this sketch came with his parents to this county. His father died in 1867, agel eighty-six years, and his mother in 1870, at the age of eighty-seven years. Our subject was married July 8, 1830, to Hannah, daughter of John and Rachel (Proctor) Kiger. Mrs. K. was a niece of Gen. Proctor, of Revo- lutionary fame. She died February 29,1876; she was born April 17, 1811; three children were born to her and her husband, two of whom are living, viz., Joseph W., born May 15, 1831, and David H., born February 15, 1843. The latter enlisted May 2, 1864, in company D, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was on garrison duty till his dis- charge September 3, 1864. October 15, 1879, he was married to Cassie, daughter of James and Rachel Millikin, by whom he has had one child, deceased. Mrs. H. was born in Madison Coun- 406 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ty, Ohio, November 8, 184G. He owns 200 acres of well-improved laml; he is a member of the Christian Church. In politics, he is a Republican. CAPT. D. H. HENDERSON, farmer, P. 0. Raymond, was born in Lewis County, Ky., Au- gust 22, 1827. He is a son of James and Elizabeth (Truesdale) Henderson, who were natives of Lewis County, Ky. Ilia fa'her was born September 23, 1801 ; and his mother November 2, 1800. His grandparents were Andrew and .Jane Henderson, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Ireland; her parents emigrated to America before the Revolutionary war. An- drew was employed as a teimster at Valley Forge, the scene of the sufferiuirs of the American soldiers. He removed to Lewis County, Ky., in 1792, and died May 14, 1834, at the age of sev- enty-seven. James, the father of our subject, is the youngest of seven children. He came to Union County, and settled in Liberty Township. He purchased 160 acres of land three miles east of Newton, and resided on it till February, 1877, when he removed with his son, D. H., to Newton. He married Elizabeth Truesdale, who bore him two children — the subject of this sketch, and Abigail, who is deceased. She was born May 12, 1824, and died in May, 1854. Mrs. Henderson died September 7, 1807. The subject of this notice was reared to manhood on a fiirm, and educated in the common school-i. August, 18G2, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was elected First Lieutenant, and served in this capacity till March, 1863, when he was promoted to the rank of Captain, and assigned to Company K, of the same regiment. He was first engaged in the battle of Perryville, Ky., and afterward led his company at Chickamauga (where eight of them were killed and fif- teen wounded), Chattanooga, Resaca, and in all the engagements on the Atlanta campaign. He was wounded in the left, arm at .Jonesboro, and, after spending a furlough at home, he joined the forces in Tennessee, and commanded a regiment in the battle of Nashville, where his command was one of the first to make the attack. The Captain was severely wounded in the elbow of his right iirm, which confined him to the hospital at Nashville for some time. He served with honor and distinction, and was discharged February 17, 1865. He then returned home, and resumed farming and stock-raising, which he has since followed. October 10, 1850, he was married lo Miss Mary J. Rea, a daughter of Allen and Mai-iah Rea. Mrs. Henderson was born in Logan County, Ohio, October 10, 1827. The C ipt. and Mrs. Henderson are consistent members of the Christian Church. Capt. H. is identified with the Masonic fraternity, and in politics is of Re- publican principle. He served as a member of the Board of Townsliip Trustees twenty years, and also filled various other local offices. He owns a farm of 180 acres, and for the last thirty years has devoted his attention to breeding and raising Spanish merino sheep. THOMAS HERD, farmer, P. O. Peoria, one of the oldest pioneers of Liberty Town- ship, was born in Harmony Township, Clark Co., Ohio, March 4, 1813. He is a son of Thomas and Dorcas (Morris) Herd. His father was a native of Berkeley County, Va. He enlisted in the Revolutionary war when fifteen years old, with four brothers — Benjamin, Stephen, Lewis and Wallace — and served till the close of that memorable war. He was at Valley Forge and Brandywine, the latter place where Wallace was killed. After the Revolution, Benjamin, Stephen and Lewis removed to Massachusetts. Thomas settled in Fayette County, Ky., and in 1812 removed to Llark County, Ohio, where he died in J.anuary, 1813, and Mrs. Herd the fol- lowing year, leaving eight children, six of whom are now living — John; Mary, widow of Samuel Sparks; Lewis; Ann, wife of Levi Harkadine ; Elizabeth, wife of Edward Robbins ; and Thomas, the subject of this sketch. James and William are deceased. James was a private in the war of 1812. Thomas, the subject of this notice, was reared on a farm till he was fourteen years of age, when he began and served an apprenticeship at tanning in Urbana. He worked at journey- work a few months, then went to ("hillicothe, thence to Marion, where he worked for Associate Judge J.ames, subsequently a member of the Ohio Legislature. In 1818, Mr. Herd came to the county and remained till 1826. In 1833, he came to Liberty Township, and after working one year on the White farm, bought 100 acres, which was all in woods except four acres. He cleared a site, and erected a house the same year. Mr. Herd is one of the industrious, hard-toiling men of the county, and his labors have been abundantly rewarded. He entered the stage of Ufa an orphan boy, but by energy and perseverance he accumulated 672 acres of land, most of which he cleared and improved himself. He made a division among his children, and now owns but 400 acres. October 11, 1835, he was married to Miss Lydia, daughter of James and Sarah S. Darrow, and a native of Clinton County, N. Y., where she was born December 11, 1807. Four sons and one daughter were born to them, viz., Olive C, born November 19, 1836, wife of John Reed: James D., born May 14, 1840; Hiram D., born October 11, 1842, married Minerva Glasscock ; William H., born February 11, 1845, married Phebe A. Benton; and John Q., born May 4, 1849, and married Dora Barlow. Mr. Herd has always followed agriculture and rearing Spanish merino sheep, Durham cattle, French horses, and Poland-China hogs. In fine stock pursuits he has achieved a marked success. James D. Herd, the eldest son, was reared on the farm, and educated in the public scnools of Marysville and Urbana. In 1871, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and has since filled that office. September 23, 1877, he was appointed a member of the Board of Examiners of the county, and still retains the position. He has been a teacher since 1859. John Q. Herd, the youngest son, was born and reared on the old home- stead. He was educated in the common schools, and the Ohio Wesleyan University, of Delaware. LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 407 When seventeen years of age, he engaged in the profession of teaching, and followed it, winters, fourteen years. October 12, 1870, he married Isadora A., daughter of Lawrence and Margaret Barlow. Mrs. Herd was born in Plain City January 28, 1853. Of eight children by this union, four sons are living — Charles S., A. Glen, Nelson and Monod. THOMAS HERD, farmer, P. 0. Peoria, was born in Clark County, Ohio, April 30, 1826. He is a son of William and Cinderilla (Munson) Herd, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of New York. His father was born April 28, 1793, and his mother March 12, 1793. They were married in Clark County, Ohio, February 26, 1822, and in 1832 came and settled in Liberty Township, where Mr. Herd located 130 acres of land. He afterwai-d located on 120 acres near the village of Newton. He died September 19, 1853, and his widow February 18, 1860. They were the parents of seven children, five of whom are now living, viz., William W.; James ; Lue, wife of Levi Warner; Lydia D., wife of H. N. Ayers, and Thomas. Mary J. and Margaret lived to womanhood. The subject of this sketch was reared principally in Union County, and educated in the district schools. His marriage occurred June 27, 1852, with Miss Ruth, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Turner. Mrs. Herd was born in Clark County, Ohio, December 25, 1831. Their married life was blessed witJi ten children; of these nine are living, viz., Cassius M., married Ella E. Westlake, Charles F., Walter W., Josie, wife of J. D. White, James G., Henry W., Minnie M., Gay T. and Harry. Mary J. died aged nine years. Mr. Herd moved on this farm with his father, and has since occupied it. He owns 152 acres of land, and is engaged in agriculture and stock-raising. JAMES HERD, farmer, P. Raymond, a prominent farmer of Liberty Township, was born near Newton May 24, 1832. He is a son of James and Margaret (Edger) Herd, who were married in Clark County, Ohio, and removed to Liberty Township soon after the late war with Great Britain. They settled one-fourth mile east of Newton, where Mr. Herd purchased 201 acres of woodland, paying $1.25 per acre. The township was then in its primitive state, and was inhabited with Indians and wild game. Mr. Herd was an energetic, industrious man, and devoted most of his life to felling the forest and improving the land. He cleared up most of his farm, and made subsequent additions till he owned over 300 acres at his death. He was a man of more than ordinary business capacity, and was several times elected Commissioner. He served as Justice of the Peace eight years, and Township Trustee a number of terms. His po- litical principles were originally Whig, but became an avowed Abolitionist. His death occurred in March, 1843. He was an active member of the Free-AVill Baptist Church many years. His marriage with Margaret Edger was blest with nine children, two of whom are living — Richard, who was born November 15,1829, married Miss Ellen Weigel, and now resides in Butler County, Iowa; James, the subject of this sketch, is the youngest. He was reared and brought up on the homestead, and educated in the common schools of Liberty Township. He has always resided in Liberty, except from 1865 to 1867, which time he spent at Waterloo, Iowa, in the grain busi- ness. In 1867, he returned to Union County, and located on the farm he now occupies. Feb- ruary 27, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucy, daughter of Chambers and Docey Caley. Mrs. Herd was born in England November 25, 1835. This union was blessed with twelve children, of whom ten are living, viz.: Emma A. (a teacher), William H., Ida E. (a teacher), Charles S., Fay E., Flora, Frank A., Cora B., J. Bry and an infant son. Mr. Herd owns a farm of 500 acres, and is engaged in agriculture and stock-raising, making a special pursuit in rearing Spanish merino sheep. Mr. Herd has been active in local politics. In 1878, he was a candidate for Representative on the Democratic ticket. He was Land Appraiser of Liberty Township in 1871, and member of the Board of Trustees four years. HENRY F. JACKSON, farmer, P. 0. Peoria, was born in Lincoln County, Me., January 20, 1842. His parents, William and Hannah (Melvin) Jackson, were also natives of Maine. His father was born January 12, 1812, and his mother August 28, 1807. They were married and came to Licking County, Ohio, in 1845, and, in 1850, came to Liberty Township. Henry passed his early life on the farm and received his training in the common schools. August 8, 1862, he enlisted in Company K, Ninety-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He fought at Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Fridge, and in all the engagements on the Atlanta campaign from Rossville to Atlanta, and also in all the conflicts on the march to the sea, and including Bentonville, N. C. He served with distinction, and was honorably discharged .June 18, 1865, while serving as Corporal. He came home, and September 23, 1865, was married to Miss (Jhristina, daughter of John A. and Lois R. Welch. Mrs. Jackson, a native of Licking County, was born December 21, 1845. Of the children born to this union the following are living : Owen G., born December 9, 1867 ; Edwin C, born February 13, 1874, and Minnie L., born May 21, 1882 ; Lois M., born August 26, 1866, and died August 24, 1867. Mr. Jackson moved to his farm in 1869, and has since occupied it, and been engaged in farming and stock-raising. He owns a farm of 112J acres, besides thirty-one acres in Taylor Township. He and wife are both mem- bers of the Christian Church. In politics, he is of Republican principle. SAMUEL S. JEWELL, farmer, P. 0. Peoria, a native of Wayne County, Ohio, was born June 10, 1818. He is a son of Abram J. and Abigail C. (Jones) Jewell, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Pennsylvania. His father was born in 1781, and his mother October 13, 1783. They were married in Pennsylvania, and removed to Wayne County, 408 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Ohio, soon after the war of 1812. He was a soldier iu the late war with Great Britain, and died leaving a widow and nine children — Catharine, Thomas, Lydia, John, Mary, Hannah, Samuel S., Sarah A. and Johnson. Mrs. Jewell removed to Knox County in 1825-26, and, in 1838, to Logan County, thence to Union, where she died November 1, 1858. She married for her second husband Tuttle Axtell, of Knox County. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, grew to his majority on a farm. In 1839, he came to Richwood and worked by the month till 1850, when he bought a small farm near the County Infiraary. In 18ti6, he located on the farm he now owns and occupies. He was married, December 10, 1846, to Roxana A., daughter of Josiah and Defrata (Luce) Kelsey. Mrs. Jewell was born in Champaign County February 9, 1836. Eight children were born to this union — Lydia L. (wife of T. L. Mullen), Huldah J. (wife of A. W. Turner), John, Charles, Jennie, Mary E. (wife of S. H. Rosette), George and Samuel A. In 1863, Mr. Jewell was elected County Treasurer, and re-elected in 1873. He was again chosen to that office in 1875. He served as Trustee of Paris and Liberty one year each, and filled various other local offices. He owns 186 acres of land, and is engaged In the avocation of farming and stock-raising. BALDWIN JOHNSON, farmer, P. O. Peoria, a native of Frederick County, W. Va., was born August 9, 1810. He is a son ot .Joseph and Sarah (Bonard) Johnson, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Old Virginia. His paternal grandparents emigrated from En- gland to the United States about the time of the French and Indian war. His father died in Frederick County, W. Va., about the year 1814 of the "cold plague," leaving a widow and eleven children. In 1820, Mrs. Johnson retnoveil to Pickaway County, Ohio, where she died in October, 1847. Baldwin remained on a farm till he was sixteen, then entered the employ of Benjamin Masters, proprietor of Fitch House, Chillicothe, and continued with him seven years. He worked on the Scioto canal and on the farm four years. In the fall of 1853, he came to this township and located on the farm be now occupies, which he had purchased in 1850. The whole farm was woodland and Mr. Johnson first cleared a site for a house. His farm now con- tains 114 acres, which he cleared and improved himself. His marriage took place February 11, 1836, to Miss Margaret, daughter of George and Catharine Riichey. Mrs. Johnson was born in New York City October 11, 1809. They were blest with six children, of whom four are living, viz.: William A., John, David C. and Clinton. Noble and Jesse are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been identified with the Christian Church for twenty years. JOHN W. LOCKWOOD, farmer, P. 0. Raymond, a native of Liberty Township, was born November 20, 1826. He is a son of Israel and Angeline (Culver) Lockwood, natives of Connecti- cut and Vermont. His grandparents on his father's side came to the county during the war of 1812. His maternal grandparents, Datur and Clara Culver, were among the early settlers of the county. John is the third son. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. When of age, he engaged working by the month for a time. He worked one summer in the woolen mills at Urbana, and has since followed farming. He was man-ied December 18, 1850, to Mary A., daughter of David Gray. She died January 5, 1866, leaving one child — Eliz- abeth E., born September 8, 1857. Mr. Lockwood was again married January 10, 1867, to Sarah P., daughter of John and Elizabeth (Pierce) Walker, by whom he has had three children, viz.: Willis A., born July 21, 1869; Carl P., born January 21, 1872 ; and Arthur W., born July 24, 1880. Mrs. Lockwood was born in Stark County, Ohio, October 22, 1843. Mr. Lock- wood owns a farm of 192 acres, and is engaged in farming and rearing stock. REV. JOHN LYON, minister, Broadway, was born in Union County, N. J., March 17, 1818. He is a son of Amos and Charily (Harrison) Lyon, who were natives of New England. His father was born in 1775, and his mother in 1776, and both were of English origin. Mr. Lyon had two brothers who were soldiers in the war of 1812, and were imprisoned by the British in New York City. Our subject's father died in 1823, and two years later ]\Irs. Lyon sold the homestead and removed to Licking County, Ohio, where she died February 21. 1858. Our sub- ject is the youngest often children, four of whom are living, viz.: Nancy, wife of .John Wilson ; Joseph B., Caleb and John. The subject of this notice grew to manhood on a farm, and was educated in MartinsDurg Academy and .Meadville schools of I\Ieadville, Penn. He engaged in teaching, which he followed five years. In 1840, he entered the ministry of the Christian Church at Utica, Licking County, where he resided till 1853, and moved to Logan County. He had charge of a church at Ridgway, till April, 1867, when .he went to Woodstock, remaining there till he came to Newton in April, 1868; since that date he has farmed except the years 1873-74, when he had charge of the Christian Church of Newton. Rev. Lyon has been a member of the Ohio Central Christian Conference twenty-two years; and eight years a member of the Mt. Vernon Conference, of which he was Secretary till 1854, when he resigned. March 3, 1851, he was joined in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Achsah, daughter of Samuel H. and Nancy Rockhill, who bore him five children, viz.: Amos H.; Fiances E., wife of Homer W. Woodard ; Eliza A., wife of Harry Williams; and Jennie I., AnnE., died in infancy. Mr. Lyon is serv- ing in the capacity of Justice of the Peace, and in politics is Prohibition. He owns a farm of 104 acres. JAMES T. MAHAFFEY, farmer, P. 0. Raymontl, ex-member of the Board of County Commissioners, was born near Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, April 4, 1827. He is a son -^^. O'^^KJiy^ljfy LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. 411 of Alexander and Nancy (McCain) MahafFey, natives of Maryland and Harrison County, Ohio, respectively, and a 0, 18.38, and is a son of George B. and Catherine (Wise) Bee, the former a native of England, and the latter of Richland County, Ohio. Their family consists of three sons and three daughters, one of the latter being the wife of Charles E. Ragon, of Columbus, Ohio. W. H. graduated at Upper Sandusky, 1877, and for two years taught school. He is a plasterer and stone and brick mason, at which trade he worked eleven months after coming to Magnetic Springs. He is a man of good business qualifications, and stands high in the esieem of the people at the Springs. J. W. BEEM, farmer, P. U. Magnetic Springs, was born in Union County, Ohio, May 1, 1837. He is a son of Michael Beem, who was born in Maryland, and emigi-ated to Ohio in 1813, set- tling in Licking County. He died in 187'.). Our subject was married September 19, 1861, to Hannah, daughter of John and Jane (Bridge) Dilsaver, and a native of Union County, born January 11, 1842 By this union two children were born, viz.: Hattie B., born June 28, 1862, and wife of Rev. W. J. Elliott, and Francis M., born October 7, 1870. Our subject owns a nice farm northwest of Magnetic Springs, on which he built a handsome residence in 1879. He has been a farmer most of his life, but for ten terms taught school. He is a Republican, a member of the M. P. Church, and at present a Township Trustee. His grandparents were Michael Beem, a Revolutionary soldier, and Ruth (Rose) Beem. ROBERT BLACK, deceased, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, March 17, 1826, and died in Union County July 11, 1868. He was a son of William and Martha Jane (Mark) Black, who were both Americans, of Irish ancestry. He was a life-long farmer, and at the time of his death owned 136 acres of land near Magnetic Springs, on which his family now reside, having lived there seventeen consecutive years. He was married November 13, 1849, to Mary Fresh- water, who was born April 12, 1829. Her father, George Freshwater, married Mary Hunter, 434 HISTORY OF UNIOM COUNTY. who died after having borne him ten children, of whom Mrs Black was the youngest. He was married the second time, having two children by his second wife. Our subject was the father of nine children, viz.: Benjamin F., born February 5, 1851 ; Eliza Jane, born November 10, 18.52; Archibald, born September 5, 1854; Lucy, wife of John W. Worline, born August 24, 1856, and died November 20, 1880; Ameda, born August 20,1858, died September 12, 1876; Reuben, born in 1860; Mary, born September 30, 1864; Eunie, born January 26, 1866, and Rosanna, born March 17, 1868. JOHN BONNETT, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, Ohio, was born in Ohio County, W. Va., No- vember 8, 1808. He is a son of Lewis and Jane (McClain) Bonnett. He was raised on the farm, and had but few educational advantages. He adopted the occupation of a farmer, and has spent the whole of his life at that honorable avocation. He was married May 2, 1832, to Ann Mai'ia Davis, daughter of Isaac and Keziah (Askew) Davis, who were of German descent. This union was blessed with an issue of seven children, of whom only three now survive, viz.: Ralph S., Keziah Ryan and William. Mr. Bonnett is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a Republican in politics. He has met with well merited success in his farm oper- ations, and has lived to reach a ripe old age. Three of his sons answered the call of their coun- try to protect its flag when threatened by the traitorous hands of rebellious subjects. SAMUEL S. BREES, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Union County, Ohio, November 26, 1852. His parents were Samuel Brees, deceased, a native of Pennsylvania, of Irish descent, and Louisa Brees, a native of Licking County, Ohio, of Scotch descent. Our sub- ject was married April 15, 1872, to Lavina E. McVey, a daughter of Rev. I. N. and Belinda (AVest) McVey. She was born in Adams County, Ohio, July 22, 1852. By this union four children have been born, viz.: John 0., born May 16, 1873; Harrison, born in 1875; Reuben, 1878, and Delia, 1880. Mr. Brees received his education in the common schools, and was brought up as a farmer, which occupation he continues to follow. T. M. BRANNAN, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Union County December 15, 1840. He was a son of George W. and Mary (Jordan) Brannan, the former a native of Ohio of Scotch-Irish descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. In 1858, our subject went to Piatt County, 111. At the first call for troops to put down the rebellion, he en- listed at Mahomet, Campaign Co., 111., but owing to the excess of volunteers, he was sent home after spending two weeks in camp at Urbana. On August 6, 1862, he again enlisted at Urbana, and after nearly three years' service was discharged at Galveston, Tex., July 22, 1865. He par- ticipated in the sieges of Vicksburg and Jackson, skirmishes at Champion Hill and Benton, Miss., battle at Jackson Cross Roads, skirmish at Jackson, La., and siege and assaulton Blakely, Ala. At Jackson Cross Roads he was wounded in the head, having his hat band shot off in two places, and received several balls through his clothing ; he was also taken prisoner and sent to Cahawba, Ala., where he remained a few days, when he was sent to Vicksburg for exchange, having been a prisoner but fifteen days. In the assault on Blakely, he had the honor of com- manding his Company (Company G, Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Intantry), and was slightly wounded in the foot. He was promoted to First Sergeant for gallantry in the engagement, and was afterward commissioned Second Lieutenant by the Governor of Illinois for meritorious con- duct. On September 30, 1868, he married Amelia, daughter of A. E. and Diantha (Davis) Rosen- crans. She was born February 15, 1851, and by her Mr. Brannan has had three children, one deceased. Mr. Brannan is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, of the Grand Army of the Republic, and, as is his wire, of the Methodist Protestant Church. He has acted as Township Trustee and School Director in his township. Q. W. CARY, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Madison County, Ohio, October 27, 1821. He is a son of Ephriam and Matilda (Grundy) Gary, the former a native of Pennsylva- nia and the latter of Ohio, both of German descent. Our suttject was married October 7, 1847, to Mary E. Franklin, who was born February 23, 1827. She is a daughter of Herod and Nancy (White) Franklin, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Our subject has the following children : Mary M., Ruth, A. F., Hannah and Ann. Mr. Cary was one of nine children, four now living, the others being Stephen, Ruth and Tamson. His grand- parents were Luther and Rhoda Cary and Henry H. and Tamson Gandy, the latter having a second wife, Sarah. Mr. Cary's father was born in 1790, and died in July, 1854. His mother was born in IHOl, and died July, 1854. He owns eighty acres of land, and has resided in the county fifty-six years. He is a Republican, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ROWLEY CLARK, farmer, P. 0. Scott's Corner and Rich wood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, January 27, 1827. His parents were Rowley and Roxanna (Patch) Clark, the latter a native of Vermont. They were among the early settlers of Licking County, where the former died in 1867, aged about seventy-nine years. Our subject was raised and educated in Licking County, where he was married about 1847 to Martha Hutchinson, a native of Knox County, by whom he had ten children, three boys and seven girls, the following surviving, viz.: Jane, Dan- iel, Ann Eliza, Estella, Alice and Benjamin Mr. Clark was a member of the Seventy-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company A, Capt. Rogers, and served from August, 1864, until July, 1865, participating in several important battles and minor skirmishes. He has beea a resident of Union County for the past nine years. LEESBURG TOWNSHIP. 435 J. P. CLEVE^fGrER, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Greene County, Ohio, March 19, 1825. He is a son of Titus and Mary (Bowcock) Clevenger, tlie former a native of New York, and the latter of Highland County, Ohio. Our subject was married December 8, 1857, to Har- riet, daughter of James T. and Elizabeth (Blackstone) Wells. Mrs. Clevenger's paternal grand- father was captured by the Indians and held as a captive two and a half years. Her father was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Clevenger's father was also in the last war with England. ^ L. B. Clevenger, a brother of our subject, was a Captain of cavalry for a time, during the rebellion. He was born April 27, 1827, and died April 5, 1882. He was twice elected Sheriff at Kingston, Caldwell Co., Mo., and served in that capacity four years. His father died in 1862, aged seventy years and three months. Mr. Clevenger owns a farm of seventy acres of well improved land one mile northeast of Pharisburg, on which he resides. .JESSE CARPENTER, deceased, was born in the State of Virginia June 24, 1810, and died in Union County, Ohio, December 11, 1875. He was married June 18, 1868, to Mrs. Annis (West) Faland, daughter of David and Asenath (Olmstead) West, and widow of William E. Fa- land. She was born in the State of New York, February 5, 1829, and emigrated to Ohio with her parents when five years of age. By her marriage to Mr. Faland she has three children — Ida M., Frank and Dora. By her second marriage she had six children, of whom four survive, viz.: James B., David T., Mary E. and William. Mrs. Carpenter owns 136 acres of land on which she resides. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Carpenter was a thorough, practical farmer, and a good citizen, highly respected by the people of his county. ADEXANDER CRIST, farmer and boot and shoe maker, Pharisburg, was born in Hocking County, Ohio, June 18, 1838. He is a son of Henry and Marion (Hollister) Crist, natives of New York, who emigrated to Ohio in 1833 or 1834. Our subject was married December 6, 1866, to Elma Armstrong, a daughter of John and Emily (Henry) Armstrong. She was born March 29, 1839, and by her Mr. Crist has had five children, four boys and one girl. Mr. Crist en- listed in the late war on September 1, 1861, and was discharged by reason of disability Septem- ber 16, 1862. His leg was amputated below the knee by Dr. Haven, on June 26, 1882, and he receives a pension from the Government on that account. He is a member of Marysville Lodge, No. 87, I. 0. 0. F. J. W. CURRY, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Jerome Township, Union County, Ohio, March 13, 1847. He is a son of Stephenson and Sarah D. (Robinson) Curry, both na- tives of Ohio. Our subject received the schooling usually afforded farm boys, and early at- tached himself to the work of a farmer, which he followed through his minority. On December 19, 1872, he married Jennie Cook, a daughter of John A. and Barbara (Tanner) Cook, the for- mer a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Ohio. Mr. Curry is a Democrat in politics, and by occupation a farmer. For five years he was a resident of Richwood, but has since taken up his abode in Leesburg Township. JOHN DUNNEN, farmer, P. 0. Claibourne, was born in Richland County, Ohio, November 25, 1836. His father, Samuel Dunnen, was born in Scotland and in 1828 emigrated to Ohio, where he died in 1852, aged seventy-five years. His wife, Margaret (Linn) Dunnen, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, and was a daughter of Col. John Linn, of the Revolutionary war. Our subject was raised and educated in his native county. He has spent his life farming, with the exception of seven years, during which he operated a saw mill. He was married to Eliza Walters, a daughter of George and Catharine (Warner) Walters, and a native of Union County, born November 13, 1850. Mr. Dunnen his four children, viz., Willie S. born August 30, 1869; Wilner L., born November 28, 1870; Fay A., born February 4, 1872, died May 24, 1879, and George W., born March 19, 1874. Mr. Dunnen is a Democrat, and has acted as a School Direc- tor. He owns thirty acres of land near Claibourne P. 0., on which he resides. JACOB DAYMUDE, deceased, was born in Virginia January 16, 1809, and died September 11, 1882. At the age of twenty years, he came to Ohio, and settled in Perry County. On July 2, 1840, he married Mary A. Spicer, a daughter of Absalom and Mahala (Moore) Spicer. They had the following children: John H., born March 21, 1841; James William, born April 6, 1813; Ephraim, born January 20, 1846 ; Benjamin F., born September 11, 1848 ; George W., born June 27, 1851 ; Lucy, born January 22, 1854, wife of G. W. Scott, and mother of three children — Mary Alice, IraG. and Jacob, deceased ; Ardilla, born November 15, 1866, died April 26, 1857, William F., born July 22, 1864, and Jacob born March 15, 1858. Benjamin F. was raised in Franklin County, and educated in the Perry County High Schools. He taught school eight years in Franklin County, and then turned his attention to farming. He was married September 14, 1876, to Sarah J., daughter of William and Sirah (Artz) Warner. She was born August 21, 1855. They have one child, Curtis W., born April 30, 1878. Benj. F. Daymude is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. SIMEON DEWITT, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, is a son of Amos and Rachel (Harris) Dewitt, natives of Virginia, of English descent, who emigrated to Ohio at an early day, and set- tled in Knox County, where our subject was born in June, 1825, and where he remained until he reached his majority. On October 28, 1845, he married Elizabeth Ann, daughter of William and Jane Cams, and a native of Knox County, where she was born July 3, 1825. By this union eight children were born, of whom five survive, viz.: Douglas W., born October 14, 1848, mar- 436 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ried Cornelia, daughter of John and Nancy Jenkins, and has four children — Simon, George, Levi and Burton; Bryant, born May 6,1850, married Elizabeth Widener — children, Myrta, ArvcUa, Rosella and Blanch E.; Louisa, born February 16, 1853, wife of William Pierce, by whom she has three children; Charles B., born April 6, 1856, and Martha B., born February 16, 1860. Mr. Dewitt is a farmer by occupation, and owns fifty acres of land near Magnetic Springs. He is a Republican and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. N. D. DEGOOD, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, is a son of Thomas and Rachel (McClain) Degood, the former a native of Penusylvania, and the latter of Knox County, Ohio. He was born in Leesburg Township, October 10, 1841, and on April 2, 1862, married Almada, daughter of Abner and Catherine Liggett. She was born April 2, 1841. Mr. Degood was reared on a farm, and now owns 100 acres of land near Magnetic Springs. He originally owned 162 acres, but has disposed of some by making additions to the village of Magnetic Springs. He owns the beautiful grove that lies southwest of the village, which he intends to furnish with every appli- ance for a pleasure grove. He has recently arranged with a Cleveland company to sink a drive well on the premises that will furnish an ample supply of water for all purposes to the visitors at the grove. His place promises to be one cf the chief attractions at this attraciive little resort. THOMAS B. DAVIS, caterer, haker and confectioner. Magnetic Springs, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, November 28, 1838. His parents, William Davis, deceased, and Jane (McCorkle) Davis, were natives of Ohio, of Irish descent, and the latter is now a resident of Mechanicsburg, over sixty-five years of age. Our subject was married August 22, 1866, to Eda J., daughter of Nathaniel and Lavina (Timmons) Banker, the former a native of New Hamp- shire, and the latter of Ohio, both of E.'glish extraction. By this union six children were bom. viz.: An infant, deceased; Lida 1., William H. H., Carrie May, Nellie, deceased, aged eighteen months, and Thomas G. Mr. Davis is by occupation a baker and proprietor of a restaurant. He was reared on a farm and did not come to the Springs until 1882. In October, 1861, he en- listed in the Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until July 5, 1862, when he was discharged on account of disability. He is a Republican, and for a year served as a Constable in Pike Township, Madison County. He had three brothers and three sisters, viz.: Martha E., Mary N., deceased. Eliza .1., deceased, William D., deceased, Solomon L , deceased, and John H. JOHN ELLIOTT, retired, P. 0. Pharisburg, son of Alexander and Jane (Chatterfield) Elliolt, natives of Pennsylvania, of English descent, was born at Brookfield, Ohio, September 17, 1800, and educated in the common schools of Clark County. He adopted the occupation of a farmer and followed that honorable avocation with a good deal of success, until he retired from active business life. He owns 120 acres of land, one mile from Pharisburg, of which twenty-five acres are timber lands. On January 22, 1832, he married Louisa Wood, daughter of John and Phebe (Bradford) Wood. She was born in Clark County, Ohio, February 22, 1815. They xre the parents often children, seven living, viz.: William, married; John, married; Elizabeth wife of Marshall Morris and mother of eight children: Sabina, Mary, Amanda and Minerva; one son and three daughters are deceased. .Mr. Elliott has forty-eight grandchildren. He is a member of the Universalist Church, and a Republican in politics; he has served his township as Treas- urer, Trustee and School Director. J. E. EVANS, tile manufacturer. Magnetic Springs, was born iu Union County, December 14, 1854. He is a son of Jacob M. and Rebecca (Stratton) Evans. His father was a native of Virginia and emigrated to Ohio at the age of nine years, he was of Welsh and German ancestry. Our subject was raised on a farm, attending the district schools as occasion offered, and followed farm life until eighteen years of age, when he engaged in the manufacture of drain tile, in which he has met with good success. He now has facilities for burning eighteen kilns or 350 rods at a time. He was married September 1, 1882, to Dora Wetzel, a daughter of Abraham and Fanny Wetzel, and a native of Pennsylvania, born September 1, 18G4. R. W. EVANS, farmer. P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, April 26, 1840. He is a son of Samuel and Sophia (Wright) Evans, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Maryland. They emigrated to Ohio in 1811, and located in Franklin County. Our subject was married Fet>ruary 13, 18f'.G, to Ellinda C., daughter of Reuben and Margaret (Wil- kins) Miller, and a native of Ohio. By this union two children were born, viz.: Lew Wallace, born February 16, 1869, and Amy Dell, born February 14, 1878. Mr. Evans is a farmer by occupation, and a Republican in politics, acted as Township Trustee two terms. In October 22, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, First Batialion, Eighteenth Regiment United States Infantry, Capt. Andiews, and served three years, receiving a wound in the right arm at Jonesboro, Ga., September 1, 1864. He served in seventeen different battles, carried the colors through all but one, and for a time commanded his company. He was in the siege of Corinth, battle of Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Atlanta and Jonesboro. and several minor engagements and skirmishes. His grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812. ADAM FAUSNAUGH, farmer, P. O. Richwood. was born in Franklin County, Ohio, and was a son of Adam and Mary Elizabeth (.Andricks) Fausnaugh. He was rai-ed on the farm and educated in the common schools of Fairfield County. When about sixteen years of age he came to Union County, and has since made this the place of his abode. He early adopted the occupa- LEESBURG TOWNSHIP. 437 tion of a farmer, and has devoted the whole of his life to agricultural pursuits, meeting with well merited success in all his undertakings. He is an energetic, practical farmer, and a stanch supporter of the principles of the Republican party, On April 2, 1861, he was married by Rev. Long, in Delaware County, and has had four children, viz.: Emory E., Sanh E., Louise, de- ceased, and Lollie May. WILLIAM FOSTER, retired, P.O. Pharisburg, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio. October 7, 1811. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (Parker) Foster, who were the parents of three sons and one daughter. He was reared on a farm and educated in Champaign County. He taught school for six months, and is also a house joiner by occupation, but has devoted himself principally to farming. He now owns about forty-six acres of land two miles northwest of Pharisburg, on which he and his family have resided forty-two years. He was married Decem- ber 5, 1839. to Miss Elizabeth Wood, one of a family of eight pons and four daughters, born to .John and Phebe (Bradford) Wood. She whs a native of Champaign County, where she was born April 17, 1818, when that county was still in its youth. By her marriage to our subject, she has had born to her two children. E. W. FISHER, proprietor of sample room. Magnetic Springs, was born in Portage County, Ohio, August 26, 1857. He is a son of Eli and Sui-an (Strong) Fisher, natives of Ohio. Our subject was married December 27, 1876, to Magdeline Finley, a daughter of Col. J. H Finley ; she was born in April, 1850. Our subject lived in this county until nineteen years of age, when he went to Madison County, and in the fall of 1880 came to Magnetic Springs and engaged in the grocery business, in which he continued six months. He afterward opened billiard rfioms and ten pin alleys, which he is conducting, and which furnish a source of recreation to the many visitors at the Springs. Mr. Fisher, though young in years, is an enterprising gentleman and a good citizen. He owns a nice property in the village, which he now occupies. JAMES C. FISH, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, was born in Frederick County, Md., July 20, 1826. He is a son of James C. and Margaret (Easterday) Fish, the former of Irish, and the lat- ter of German descent. Our subject was married October 13, 1852, to Miss Martha A. Fwr- num, daughter of Henry and Fanny (Hamilton) Farnum, and a native of Columbus, Ohio, where she was born December 9, 1825. Her father was born in Vermont in 1796, and died in Ohio in 1860. Her mother was two months older and a native of Columbus. Mr. and Mrs. Fish have had five children, viz.: Clara Jane, wife of George Weaver, born August 29, 1853 ; J. H., bora June 1, 1855, and married to Ella May Amrine, daughter of James and Matilda (Woodford) Amrine; Fannie, born July 8, 1858 ; Rosa H., born June 13, 1862; and Edward McClellan, born October 5, 1865. Mr. Fish owns 135 acres of land north of Marysville, on which he resides. He is a farmer and stock-raiser by occupation, and makes a specialty of raising cattle. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN FLEMING, retired farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Ross County, Ohio, November 10, 1814. His parents were James Fleming, a native of Ireland, and Jane (Brown) Fleming, a native of Pennsylvnnia. His father emigrated from Ireland to America at an early day, and afterward came to Ohio. Our subject was raised as a farmer, and continued in that occupation, until in his declining years he has retired from the active duties of his farm and is living a life of retirement. In 1884, he married Phoebe Minter, a native of Ohio, by whom he had thirteen children, seven surviving, viz.: Elizabeth, Margaret, Sarah, John, Rosanna, Belle and Benjamin. Mr. Fleming is a Republican in politics, and during his residence in the town- ship he has filled the offices of Justice of the Peace and Constable. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and until his retirement was a successful farmer. T. F. GANTT, carpenter and farmer, P. 0. Marysville, Ohio, was born in Loudoun County, Va.. February 16, 1826. He is a son of Samuel and Mary (Andres) Gantt, natives of Virginia, the former of English and the latter of German descent. Our subject was married June 22, 1852. to Margretia Snell, a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Berry) Snell, and a na- tive of Virginia, where she was b^rn April 25, 1825. By this union eight children wei-e born, viz : Marcus M., T. Tilraore, Franklin L., Stella May, Charley E., Ida Loduska, Clara Etta and Miriam H. Mr. Gantt lived in Knox County from 1832, until 1862, when he came to Union County. He is a carpc ter and farmer by occupation, owns sixty-three acres of good land, and works at his trade when opportunity offers. B. GREEN, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Virginia August 13, 1833, and is a son of William and Matilda (Harden) Green. He emigrated to Ohio in 1854, and located in Guern- sey County, where he remained one year, after which he lived in Licking County seventeen years and then came to Union County, which has since been his place of residence. He was married October 2, 1856, to Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew and Lydia (Stoolfire) Deeds. She was born in Pennsylvania December 13, i839, and emigrated to Ohio with her father when twelve years of age. By their union eight children were born, viz.: William A., deceased; Mar- garet E , deceased ; L. A., A. L., R. C, George B., deceased ; A. B. and B. S. Mr. Green is a farmer and stock-rai-cr by occupation, and owns 151 acres of land. He is a Democrat in poli- tics, a member of the Grange and Odd Fellows Societies, and with his wife, a meaiber of the Methodist Prot«-stant Church. Mrs. Green and one daughter are members of Lodge No. 118 Daughters of Rebekah, at Pharisburg. 438 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. S. N. HAMNER, fanner, P. O. Ostrander, is a son of James and Ann (Gay) Hamner, na- tives of Virginia, of English descent, and was born in the Old Dominion October 23, 1850. He was reared on a farm in Virginia, where his parents reside, and attenaed the common schools of his native county. In 1878, he came to Ohio and located in Delaware County, where he re- mained until 1881, when he purchased forty-eight acres of land five miles northwest of Ostrander, at §50 per acre, on which he resides. On .January 13, 1874, he married Willa, daughter of Benjamin and Susan (Brown) Childress, of Virginia. By this union two children have been born, viz.: Edgar .1., born March 17, 1876, and Henry E., born December 16, 1877. Mr. Ham- ner is purely a self-made man, having obtained the whole of his substance by his own personal efforts. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church. ABRAHAM HALL, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Richland County, Ohio, March 17, 1821. His parents were Caleb and Sarah (Anderson) Hall, natives of New Jersey, of English descent, and both now deceased, the former dying at the age of fifty-nine years and ten months, and the latter at the age of seventy-three years. They resided in Delaware County for a time, and when Mr. Hall died, Mrs. Hall married Lewis Evans. Our subject was married July 24, 1842, to Catharine Gossage, by whom he had six children, viz.: Cynthia A., William A., J. W., Edward A., Albert P. and Rose Estelle, deceased. Mrs. Hall died August 30, 1865, and on June 24, 1866, Mr. Hall married Mary Alexander, a daughter of Francis and Nancy Alexander, and a native of Virginia, born September 21, 1820. Mr. Hall owns fifty-two acres of land south of Magnetic Springs, on which he resides and which he is engaged in cultivating. He is a mem- ber of the Christian Union Church, a Democrat in politics, and for fourteen years has acted as a School Director. He resided in Westerville ten or twelve years, and has been on the farm twenty-five years. H. C. HOSKINS, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Leesburg Township Jan- uary 18, 1832. He is a son of Richard and Ann H. (Martin) Hoskins, the former a native of Franklin County, Ohio, of Welsh descent, and the latter a native of Virginia. The father came to this country when three years of age with his parents, and in 1855 settled on the land now owned by our subject, where he and his wife died. Our subject was raised on the farm and has resided on a farm for twenty-seven years, now owning nearly 148 acres. He was for a time engaged in growing grapes with J. E. Newhouse, to whom he sold his interest in 1866. On October 8, 1868, he married Telitba H., daughter of Moses and Ellen (Prichard) Welsh, a na- tive of Ohio, born in 1842. By her be had one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Hoskins died January 8, 1870, and on July 20, 1871, Mr. Hoskins married Rebecca Harrod, daughter of John and Telitha (F^richard) Harrod. By this union three children were born, viz.: John R., born October 1, 1872; Telitha OUie, born September 9, 1874, and Don P., born August 25, 1878. Mr. Hoskins is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 0. JEWETT, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Vermont August 14, 1812 ; parents were Elam and Lucy (Rice) Jewett, natives of Veriiont, of English descent, who emigrated to Franklin County, Oiiio, in 1814. Our subject was educated in the common schools of Ohio and received his youthful training on the farm. He followed blacksmithing for about ten years since 1848, and has resided on the farm for twenty four years. He has been twice mar- ried ; hy his first wife, Catharine, whom he married September 28, 1834. he had six children, of whom one only survives, viz., Catliarine, wife of Daniel Moren, of Vermont. On March 24, 1850, he married .Johanna, daughter o William and Vlary Barcus, and a native of Cosnocton County, Ohio, where she was born June 7, 1831. The family now consists of the followjiijj chil- dren: Emily, Lucy, T. P., Minnie, Alice A. and Charles 0. Two sons were lost in ihe war of the rebellion. Mr. Jewett owns eighty acres of land, on which he resides. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, with which he has been connected ihirty-tive years; a Republican in politics and a member of the Universalist Church. He has acted as School Director andi for six or seven years as Justice of the Peace. HENRY T. JONES farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Richland County, Ohio, Mty 13, 1850, and is a son of Henry T. and Julia Ann (Burk) Jones. His father was a native of Vir- ginia, of German descent, and emigrated to Union County in 1860. Our subject was raised on a farm ; has lived in this county since ten years of age. He operated a threshin^r machine tor fourteen years, after which be ran a saw mill for eighteen months, since which he has been a farmer. He was the eighth child of a family of thirteen children, of whom nine survive. He was married March 12, 1870. to Ruth, daughter of G. W. and .Mary E. (Franklin) Cary. She was born in Union County, September 14, 1853. They have had six children, four living, viz.: Nancy M., Nina May, Wilbert A., Roy F., Ray A. and Milo M. Mr. Jones is a member of the subordinate lodge and encampmetii of Odd Fellows at Richwood. WJLLIA.M W. JONES, f.rmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, March 28, 1841. His parents were Edward and Ann (Dewing) Jones, the former of Welsh and tlie latter of Scotch descent. Onr subject was reared on a farm and educated in Troy Township, Delaware County. During the rebellion, he enlisted in Company F, Ninety-sixth I'egimeni, *jhio Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Wiser, and served six months. At the battle of Arkansas Post, Jan- uary 11, 18o3, he received a gunshot wound in the hip, which confined him to the hospital at St. Louis for ten months, after which he was di charged. He is a Democrat in politics, and he and his (jfcyfzM, LEESBURG TOWNSHIP. 441 wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He was married March 25, 1866, to Miss Lydia A. Williams, a daughter of William .J. and Lydia (Coonfare) Williams, and a native of Delaware County, born October 27, 1845. By this union six children were born, viz.: Charles, Cora F., Annas., Rosa D., Willie T. and an infant. Mr. Jones owns nearly 100 acres of land four miles southwest of Richwood, on which he resides. SAMUEL JOHNSON, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, Jan- uary 1 1 , 1822. His father, Elias Johnson, was horn in Brooke County, W. Va., of Welsh ancestry, July 22, 1794, and died in Ohio, Decembers, 1865. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, His wife, Eliza Hide, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, September 26, 1803, and was mar- ried when between fourteen and fifteen years of age. They had six children, Elias, Eliza, Eliza- beth, Margaret, Louisa and Samuel. Our subject was married March 14, 1850, to Catherine Walters, who was born in Harrison County September 4, 1882. Her grandparents were Jacob and Magdalen Walters, natives of Germany, and Abraham and Jnlia Ann (Friend) Warner. Her motlier was born November 15, lb09, and died February 28, 1880. She was married Sep- tember 10, 1829, and came to this county forty-eight years ago. Mr. Johnson is a farmer by occupation, and owns about 260 acres of land in York and Leesburg Townships. He has re- sided in this township since April 19, 1881. ISRAEL JORDAN, carpenter and farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Licking County, Ohio, June 28, 1822, and is a son of James and Mary (Wells) Jordan, natives of Maine, of En- glish descent, who emigrated to Ohio when Israel was three years of age, and located in Licking County. Our subject early adopted the occupation of farming, to which he had been reared, also learning and working at the carpenter trade. He was educated at Hartford, where he re- mained until eighteen years of age, receiving a thorough English education. In politics, he is an old line Democrat, having cast his first ballot for ;Martin Van Buren. He came to this county about twenty-five years ago and for a full quarter of a century has made this the place of his abode. J. L. JOLLIFF, merchant, Magnetic Springs, son of Eli Jolliff, deceased, and Mar- garet (Wells) Jolliff, was born in Union County, Ohio, January 20, 1857, and on April 11, 1880, married Emma Hoskins, a daughter of J. M. and Elizabeth (Fleming) Hoskios, and a native of Leesburg Township. By this union one child was born, namely: Clyde H., born April 5, 1881. Our subject's mother married for a second husband William Holt, with whom she and family moved to Missouri in 1874. While there, J. L. taught school for five years in Grundy County. He also read law for eighteen months. On January 28. 1882, he' engaged in mercantile busi- ness, in which he still continues under the firm name of Hill & Jolliff. He is a member of Mt^ Carmel Lodge, No. 303, F. & A. M., Richwood Lodge, No. 443, I. 0. 0. F.; a Republican in politics and a member of the Christian Church. Mrs. JoUiflF is also a member of the Christian Church and of Leesburg Lodge of Daughters of Rebekah. ISAAC JOLLIFF, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, October 23, 1840, and on October 22, 1861, married Mary Olaughlin, daughter of James and Mary (Crow) Olaughlin, and a native of Ireland, where she was born May 29, 1838. By this marriage, thir- teen children have been born, viz.: James L., John W., Charles E., George W., Hannah A., Martin S. and Samuel L., twins, Ladora E., Nora I., Maggie V., an infant deceased, Benjamin C. and Letta J. Mr. Jolliff ia a farmer by occupation and owns 100 acres of well-improved land, on which he resides. He is a Piepublican in politics and a member of the Christian Church. James L., his son, was married July 4, 188U, to Martha, daughter of John and Ade- line (Wells) Maskill, and a native of Ohio, where she was born August 10, 1863. They have one child, Freddie G., born May, 1881. LEVI KEERAN, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, Ohio, was born in Culpeper County, Va., June 28, 1829. He is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Lilly) Keeran, natives of Virginia. He early adopted the pursuits of a farmer, and has since devoted his life to farming and stock-raising, being particularly interested in the raising of sheep, of which he now has nearly 200 head on his farm. In August, 1864, he became the Superintendent of the County Infirmary, in which capacity he served until March 7, 1871, and again from 1877 to 1879. He took charge of the institution when there were but eight inmates, and left it with an enrollment of forty. He now owns fifty acres of land in Taylor Township, and fifty-eight acres in this township, on which he resides, giving the'whole of his attention to his farm operations. He was married in September, 1855, to Caroline Olds, daughter of C. J. and Mary (Morse) Olds, the former a native of New York State, of English descent, and the latter a native of Grandisland, of French descent ; by this union twelve children were born, viz.: William Wallace, Henry L.. deceased, Mary E., deceased, Eva C, Albert C, George D., Eli M., Walter M., deceased, Arthur, deceased, Robert 0., Lewis M., deceased, and Lucy P. Mr. and Mrs. Keeran are members of the M. E. Church. He was a Democrat in politics, until the time of Buchanan, when he severed his connection with that party. He acted as Township Trustee for two terms, and as a School Director for many years. M. F. LANGSTAFF, Magnetic Springs, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, August 27, 1855. His father, E. W. LangstaflF, son of Asa L. and Laney Ann Langstaff, was born in Musk- ingum County in February, 1831. His mother Elizabeth (Norman) Langstaff, daughter of John and Jane Norman, was born in Muskingum County, in 1832. They fcad nine children, five sons 24 442 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. and four daughters, viz.: Laney Ann, wife of William Ferguson; Frances M., deceased ; M. t. Adolphus, deceased; William, deceased; Emma, wife of J. C. Cameron; Ida, Judson and Johu, Our subject was married in Leesburg Township, December 2, 1877, by the late Rev. J. W. Hos- kins, to Mary T., daughter of William Finley, deceased, and Ura (Newhouse) Finley, the lat- ter now the wife of David Schwartz. Mrs. LangstaflF has an only sister who is now the wife of Martin Hair ; one brother William, and two half brothers, Gilmore and Earnest. Our sub- ject learned the trade of a carpenter with J. W. Newhouse, and for the past nine years has followed his trade, during that time also contracting for the building of houses. He is also concerned in the management of a bath house at Magnetic Springs. He is a Republican in politics. Mrs. Langstaff is a member of the Christian Church. REV. I. N. MCVAY, pastor of the M. P. Church, Pharisburg, is a son of Luther and Jane (Patterson) McVay, natives of Pennsylvania, and was born in Washington County, Penn., June 30, 1810. On July 19, 1832, he was married in Clinton County, by William An- tram, J. P., to Belinda, daughter of Robert and Henrietta (Fairfax) West, and a native oi Brown County, Ohio, born January 30, 1811. They had eleven children, viz.: Jane, deceaseu, Robert, John, Polly Ann, Nancy C, deceased, Harrison \V., Henrietta, Sallie, deceased, Martha Etta, Lavina and Isaac. Mr. McVay was raised as a farmer, but also worked at blacksmithing, carpentering, wagon making, boot and shoe making, coopering, masonry, etc. He has been a minister of the M. P. Church two score years, and in Pharisburg twenty-three years. He was a local preacher sixteen years. He cast his first vote for Gen. Jackson, jor President, after which he was a Republican until recently he has become a Prohibitionist. He is a member of Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 303, at Richwood. DARIUS McINTIRE, retired farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Clark County, Ohio, May 15, 1823. He is a son of James and Nancy (Roback) Mclntire, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Irish and the latter of Dutch descent. They had ten children, five boys and five girls of whom two boys and one girl survive. Our subject, who was the ninth child, was brought up on the farm, and has followed farming until recently, when he retired from active life. His wife Betsey was born June 11, 1828, and was married June 27, 1848. They have three children — Elatha Ann, born January 12, 1851, wife ot Francis M. Clevenger, by whom she has one child, Sarah Jane, born November 25, 1872; Clarissa J., born April 30, 1858, wife of Francis M. Loy ; and James I. born July 4, I860.- Mr. iMcIntire enlisted on September 14, 1861, in the Six- teenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served fifteen months ; he was also a member of the One Hundredth Ohio Cavalry. JOHN McAllister, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, November 4, 1829. He is the sixth son of John McAllister, deceased, a native of Pickaway County, of Scotch-Irish descent, and Mary (Grattan) McAllister, a native of Virginia, of Dutch and Irish descent. They had eleven children, of whom six survive. Our subject was married March 1, 1853, to Hester Ann, fifth child often children born to John and Keziah (Johnson) Bird, the former of Dutch descent and now deceased, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. She was born in Knox County, Ohio, February 17, 1833, and by her Mr. McAllister has had ten children, viz.: Zoa Z., born May 12, 1854, wife of H. D. Wright ; Oscar R., born September 7, 1855, died October 28, 1855 ; Silva Z., born December 22, 1856, wife of Frank Bruce; John W., born December 15, 1858, died December 13, 1879; Orin K., born April 20, 1861, died May 20, 1862; Emma R., born August 8, 1863 ; Elva B., born March 28,1866; Dillon, born January 30, 1868 ; Owen C, born March 27, 1870 ; and Frank, born August 12, 1873. Mr. McAllister is a farmer and a Republican and has been Township Trustee several years. His father served in the war of 1812. D. McLEAN, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born at Washington C. H., Fayette County, Ohio, January 3, 1838, and on October 23, 1859, married Joanna Degood, a native of Ohio and a daughter of Thomas and Joanna Degood, the former of English and the latter of Scotch descent. By this union three children were born, viz.: Orville, born February 10, 1861; Rosetta, born March 6, 1863, and Lewis, born April 1, 1865. Mr. Degood owns 108 acres of good land two miles southeast of Magnetic Springs, on which he resides. He is also the holder of a one-fourth interest in the bath-house at the Springs. In politics, he has es- poused the cause of the Prohibition party, and is an earnest advocate of all works of reform. His grandmother Degood was a niece of Admiral Nelson. His parents, Daniel and Helen (Boyd) McLean, were natives of Ohio, of Scotch descent. The name McLean is traceable far back among the old Scottish clans, one of that name having been the chief of a powerful clan during the fifteenth centuiy. JOSEPH MOREY, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Knox County, Ohio, August 5, 1823, and remained in that county until fourteen years of age, after which he lived several years in Indiana and in Shelby County, Ohio, his mother dying in the latter place. He also re- sided six years in Delaware County, after which he came to Union County. He was married in Knox County, Ohio, October 8, 1846, to Elizabeth, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Ports) Gossage, and a native of Jefferson County, Ohio, where she was born March 28, 1826. By this union ten children were born, viz.: Cordelia A., Sarah M., Hannah A., Joseph G., Adam L., Benjamin F., Mary E., William S., Laura D. and Hattie. Of these, eight are living and four are married LEES BURG TOWNSHIP. 443 and have families. Mr. Morey is a farmer and owns 12'i acres in this township, on which he resides. He is a Prohibtionist in politics, and for forty years has been a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, in which his wife has been a member thirty years ; he has acted as a class-leader and steward. His ptrents were John and Hannah (Gosnell) Morey, natives of New York State, the former of English and Scotch and the latter of Dutch and English descent. GEORGE MAY, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, son of James and Mary (Moore) May, was born in Pennsylvania May 9, 1848, and came to Ohio at the age of fifteen years. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the district schools of his native State. He has adopted farming for a life occupation and now owns land near Magnetic Springs. On March 22, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Ann Morey, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Gossage) Morey, whose sketch appears in this work. She was born July 22, 1847, and by her Mr. May has had five children, viz.: Roselby, born January 19, 1872, and died January 4, 1880; Ora, born September 22, 1876, deceased ; James R., born October 16, 1872 ; Mary Ann, born May 7, 1877, and Jennie, born April 2, 1880. H. S. MAY, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, January 9, 1830. He is a son of William and Sarah (Burchfield) May, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Irish and the latter of German descent. Our subject early commenced the life of a farmer, and has spent his life in thai occupation. He occupies a fiirm of fifty-three acres of land, one and one-half miles south of Pharisburg, which he cultivates in a successful manner. In 1867, he married Virginia (Evans) McAdow, widow of James VV. McAdow, deceased ; by this union one child has been born, viz.: Frances Lena, born February 12, 1870. Mr. May is a Demo- crat in politics, and a member of the M. P. Church. Mrs. May is of Irish and English descent, her parents both being natives of the "Old Dominion," the father of Irish and the mother of English parentage. RICHARD MAYFIELD, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Licking County, Ohio, Octo- ber 24, 18-37, and is a son of William and Eleanor (Conaway) Maytield, natives of Ohio, and the latter a daughter of David Conaway. At the age of nine years our subject went to Delaware County, where he lived until January 20, 1860, when he married Malinda, a daughter of Daniel and Catharine (Thompson) Ross, and a native of Ohio, born October 20, 1840. After their marriage they moved to Marion County and thence to Union County, where they have since re- sided. They have had five children, three boys and two girls, viz.: Edward S., Jennie 0., Emma C, Richard and William. Mr. Mayfield is a Republican in politics and a farmer by oc- cupation, now owning 115 acres where he resides. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He enlisted for three months during the rebellion, in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Wallace, and was in service nearly five months. He is a member of Pharisburg Lodge, No. 664, I. 0. 0. F. JOHN Mc. HAMILTON, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born December 9, 1807. His father was James Hamilton, son of Thomas and Lydia Hamilton. His mother was Margaret (McClain) Hamilton. Our subject received his education in Holmes County, Ohio, anil came to his present residence when the whole of the surrounding country was covered with forest. In 1838, he married Lucinda, daughter of Lewis and Jane (McClain) Bonnett. By this union seven chil- dren, two sons and five dajnghters, were born, of whom the following survive: Margaret Jane, Isabel and William. The latter married Ellen Fogal and has four children — Lewis L., Mary C, Nettie J. and Frederick D. Josiah, a deceased son, enlisted in Company D, Thirteenth Regi- ment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was taken prisoner at Stone River, but was paroled and again captured at Kenesaw Mountain. He was confined in Andersonville Prison, where he died September 22, 1863. He was a good soldier, and took part in several holly contested battles during his term of service. HUGH E. MOORE, farmer, P. O. Marysville, was born in Union County, Ohio, March 12, 1856. He is a son of Jonathan and Mary Ann (Scott) Moore, the former a native of Warren County, of English descent, and the latter a native of Knox County, of Irish descent. His mother came to Union County when four years of age, with her parents, William and Fanny (Barcus) Scott. They settled on 103 acres adjoining what is now known as the "Scolt farm" which consists of 113 acres, both farms being occupied now by our subject. On this land there is a church, schoolhouse and graveyard. Mr. Moore was married May 4, 1880, to Mary J., daughter of Eli and Jane (Lee) Hildebrant ; she was born August 29, 1860, and by her Mr. Moore has one child, William Curtis, born June 17, 1881. Mr. Moore is a Democrat in politics. Though young in years he is a thorough farmer, well posted in all that pertains to his occupa- tion and very successful in all his farm operations. He makes a specialty of raising sheep and cattle. R. T. McAllister, farmer and stock-dealer, P. 0. Marysville, Ohio, was born, of Scotch- Irish parentage, in Adams County, Penn., in 1827. His parents removed in 1830, to Delaware County, Ohio, where he was raised near Sunhury, receiving a common school education only. In October, 1851, he married Martha C. Gale, a daughter of William Gale, at Delaware, Ohio, they have six children, viz.: Mary, who is married to James B. Cole, an attor- ney at law, of Marysville, Ohio; Abdiel T. ; William G., who married Josephine McFadden ; Lemington W., R. T., Jr., and Emma. Abdiel T. is in the United States service, in the Pension 444 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. office at Washington, D. C; William G., Lemington W. and R. T., Jr., are farmers near Marys- ville; Emma resides with her parents. Mr. McAllister resides in Leesburg Township, Union County, Ohio, where he owns a fine farm of about 900 acres, which he has by industry and energy reclaimed from the forests and put in a high state of cultivation and improvement. Mr. McAllister has been honored by election by his fellow-citizens to various public offices. While yet very young, he was for live years Assessor of Berkshire Township, Delaware County, and afterward was elected a member of the Board of County Commissioners of that county. In the latter position, he was an efficient instrument in recovering a large sum of money for the county, which had been lost by defiiult of one of the county officers; also in collecting their part of the "Surplus Revenue Fund," which had long been neglected. At the breaking-out of the rebell- ion, he oifered his services as a private in defense of the Union, but was rejected on account of physical disability. He afterward was elected Colonel of one of the " Home Guard" regiments, and went into the camp of instruction at Piqua, Ohio, but their services proving to be unnecs- sary they were soon discharged. The services of the regiment were then tendered to the Gov- ernor to go out of the State, but were declined. In 1865, he removed to his present residence in Union County. He has served three years as Commissioner of Union County, during which time he was largely intrusted with the superintendence and management of the gravel road- building, which was then being most vigorously carried on throughout the county, and dis- charged said duties with marked ability, being noted for the thorough and substaLfial work he insisted upon and obtained in the interest of the tax payers. In 1880, he was elected by the Re- publicans of the Thirteenth District, composed of Union, Logan, Hardin and Marion Counties, a member of the Stale Board of Equalization, in which capacity he served his full term, and secured for his district material benefits in reduced taxation. He was noted as one of the most indefatigable workers on the board. Mr. McAllister's chief characteristics for which he is most widely known, are strict integrity and high busines ability, courageous independence of spirit as a public man, and keen, clear and comprehensive perceptions in regard to public interests and affixirs, for which and many other good qualities he is highly esteemed in the community. ALEXANDER NEEL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Pennsylvania, and lived in Greene County, Ohio, until eleven years of age, when he moved to Knox County, with his parents, and from there they went West. His parents were both of Irish descent. His father was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, and his mother one year later. Our subject was married September 26, 1844, to Charlotte Warwick, a daughter of Thomas Warwick, and a native of Licking County, Ohio. By this union si.K children were born, of whom five survive, viz.: Thomas, Rhoda Ellen, wife of Jonathan Fayman; Mary, wife of William Hite ; William A. and John H. Mr. Neel owns about 119 acres of land in this township, on which he resides, and which he is engaged in cultivating. He and his wife are members of the Deciples (Ihurch. His grandparents were Barnett and Martha (Hughes) Neel. J. C. NEVILLE, plasterer. P. 0. Pharisburg. was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, September 20, 1835. His parents were William and Mary (Smith) Neville, the former of French and the lat- ter of English extraction. Our subject received his education in the public schools of his na- tive State, and upon reaching a proper age learned the trade of a plasterer, which he is now following and at which he has worked for twenty-seven years. On July 27, 1857, when about twenty-two years of age, he was united in marriage with Miss Diana Baldwin, by whom he has had born to him four children, one deceased, viz.: Martha R., Ida, deceased, Alice and David W. M. B. NEWHOUSE, carpenter and builder, Magnetic Springs, son of John and Rebecca Newhouse, whose sketch appears in this work, was born in Union County, Ohio, in January, 1855. He was raised on the farm and received his education in the district schools. He re- mained on the farm until twenty years of age, in the meantime learning carpentering with his brother, which trade he has followed for the past twelve years. He owns a residence at Mag- netic Springs, whicn he built in 1880 and which was one of the first houses on the village plat. He also built a second house in 1881, which is valued at $2,000. On September 1, 1882, while engaged in hoisting a derrick to be used in sinking a drive well, he was crushed to the earth by by a part of the derrick falling on him, but miraculously escaped without serious injury. His first contracting was done in Iowa in 187G, and he has also been as far west as Nebraska. On July 1, 1877, he married Eliza J., a daughter of William and Jane (Williams) McGee. and a native of Delaware County. They have two children — Cora Belle, born April 10, 1878, and Alice Nevada, born in .luly, 1880. Both parents are members of the Christian Church. J. E. NEWHOUSE, the leading business man at the village of Magnetic Springs and the originator of the water-cure establishment at that place, is a son of John and Sophia (McCune) Newhouse, whose biography appears in this work. He was born in Union County, Ohio, in February, 1845, and was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the district schools of his county and at Marysville. At the age of twenty years, he began the cultivation of grapes and small fruits, and in one season raised as many as 14,000 pounds of grapes, part of which were made into wine and the rest shipped. In 1879, he discovered the medical properties of the Magnetic Springs, and at once began preparing accommodations and opening facilities that would induce the health and pleasure seeking public to make it a place of resort. A village charter LEESBURG TOWNSHIP. 445 was applied for and obtained and a village of considerable size platted, with spacious lots, broad and straight streets and wide alleys. For the first six months after the plat of the village was made, it received but about a half dozen additional buildings, and, while every one who tested the waters were satisfied of their medicinal worth, but few had confidence in the success of the enterprise. The next year, however, marked an evident increase in the settlement, and the success of the enterprise became a certainty. The place has now become a thriving village, and hundreds of the afflicted visit it annually to receive the benefit of its pain-def troying waters. These waters are so strongly charged with magnetism that a knife submerged in them for an instant becomes imbued with loadstone qualities in a marked degree. A flow of nearly 18,000 gallons of water are obtained in twenty-four hours, and the bath-houses of Newhouse, McClain & Co. furnish facilities for 400 baths per day. The water is used for drinking, bathing and toilet purposes, and large quantities are annually shipped for outside consumption. The first well sunk was seventy-seven feet deep, and soon another was sunk of like depth and a pumping capacity of five barrels per mi aute furnished. Many people of wealth have purchased lots in the village and on them erected neat and comfortable residences, and it has been estimated that fully one hundred additional buildings will be erected during the spring of 1888. A very strong sulphur spring was discovered recently about one mile from the village, and fourteen 'acres of ground surrounding it have been purchased by the proprietors of Magnetic Springs, with a view of converting it into a park and connecting it with the Magnetic Springs by an avenue, using it as a pleasure ground for the patrons of the latter resort. The gentleman who is the principal factor of these enterprises and whose name heads this sketch was married to Francis E. Brown, a daughter of A. C. and Nancy (Steel) Brown, and by her has three children, viz.: May, born in September, 1868, Ray, born January 1, 1874, and Laura Lee. born in De- cember, 1876. Mr. Newhouse began life with one acre of ground, and now by dint of his in- dominitable energy he has become the head of one of the most enterprising and successful firms in the State. JOHN NEWHOUSE, retired farmer, Magnetic Springs, was born in Salt Creek Township, Pickaway Co., Ohio, December 14, 1806. He is a son of Anthony and Nancy (Coons) Newhouse, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of English and the latter of German descent. They emi- grated to Ohio in 1798, and settled in Pickaway County, where they lived until 1814, when they moved to Delaware County, in which both died. Our subject was married, June 4, 1880, to Sophia McCune, a daughter of James and Polly (Junk) McCune, acd a native of Delaware County, born April 10, 1810. By this union, eight children were born, three sons and five daughters, of whom two sons and one daughter survive, viz., James M., Martha, widow of Jacob Hoskins, and John E. Mrs. Newhouse died, and on September 29, 1851, Mr. Newhouse married Rebecca McAllister, who was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, December 29, 1820 ; she is a daughter of John and Mary (Gratton) McAllister, who came to this county in 1834. By this second marriage two children were born, Marshall, who married Jane McGee, and Celinda, wife of .James C. Bi-own. Mr. Newhouse is a member of Mount Cirmel Lodge, No. 303, F. & A. M., and an old Jacksonian Democrat in politics, having cast his first vote for " Old Hickcry," the leader of the party. He has acted as Township Trustee for many years in his township, but about ten months ago he retired from business, and is now enjoying life in a comfortable home at Magnetic Springs. He came to this township when there were but twelve voters, and resided on the farm from which he has retired, since 1834. He is a member of the Pioneer Association. J. K. NORRIS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. was born in Harrison County, Ohio, February 16, 1837. His parents were Jeremiah and Margaret (Harris) Norris, natives of England. The former came to Ohio after he was grown ; the latter emigrated from England to New York, thence to Virginia and to Ohio, when twelve years of age. They had a family of four boys and five girls, of whom four boys and two girls survive. Our subject was married, March 4, 1859, to Ann L., daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Scofield) Pennypacker. She was born in 1836 and died April 18, 1870. They had six children — Margaret, deceased; Alexander, Sarah, Eleanor, deceased, James, deceased, and Jeremiah. On March 5, 1875, Mr. Norris was again married to Elizabeth, daughter of William and Betsey (Scott) Ports. She was born in Delaware County in 1849. By this union two children were born — Charles, born October 24, 1878, Iva, born February 8, 1876. Mr. Norris is a farmer and owns ninety-three acres of land, on which he resides. He is a Republican and a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. Mrs. Norris is a member of the M. P. Church. LESTER OLIVER, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, July 31, 1842. His parents were Reuben Oliver, who was born January 1, 1812, and died April 9, 1862, and Zura Ann (White) Oliver, a native of New York State. He was a member of Company D, Eighty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the late war. Mr. Oliver resided in Fulton and Henry Counties for a time and from 1880 to 1882, was engaged in the livery business with J. H. Trickey at Magnetic Springs. He now owns two good buildings well adapted to that business, and is still an ardent admirer of fine stock, horses especially. He owns a good farm of ninety-five acres, north of Magnetic Springs, on which he resides, and where he is engaged in farming. He is a member of Mount Carmel Lodge, No. 303, F. & A. M. J. R. OWEN, harness-maker. Magnetic Springs, was born in Union County, Ohio, October 5, 1848. He is a son of Warrett and Emily (Farnham) Owen, the former a native of Ohio, of Welsh 446 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. descent, born in 1828, and the other a " Yankee." Our subject was married .June 6, 1872, to Anna C, daughter of Benjamin and Matilda (Spout) Gamble; she was born in Watkins May 26, 1852, and by her Mr. Owen his two children — Emma, born April 11, 1873, and .John W., born January 7, 1876. Mr. Owen is a harness-maker by occupation, and has plied his trade for the past fourteen years. He was educated in the district schools and at Marysville. He was burned on*, at Watkins, Ohio, in 1881, and afterward came to this place. He is a Democrat in politico, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. He owns a nice residence at the Springs, in which he and his family live. HENRT K POWELL, farmer, P. 0. Rockwood, was born in Mirion County, Ohio, Decem- ber 14, 1839. He is a son of John and Hannah (Crawford) Powell, natives of Ohio, the latter deceased. Our subject was educated and raised in Marion County. He owned and operated a saw-mill and thresher for more than a quarter of a century, and now devo'ea his time to farm- ing. He was married April 5, 18(i0, to Cynthia A. Thatcher, who was born March 15, 1842, and died March 10, 1868. They had two children, John H., dece'ised, and Joseph W. On June 10, 1869, Mr. Powell married Melissa, daughter of Charles and Jane (Graham) Crouso. By this unioi they had four children — Francis E., Chirles, deceased, Henry W. and Eva Leah. Mr. Powiill enlisted in 1861, in the Ninth Oliio Civalry, but was transferred to Company B, of the Tenth, and served tTiree years. He took part in ttie battles of Chickamauga, Atlanta, Buz- zard's Roost, Smithfield, Blue Ridge, Jonesboro, and other engagements. He is a Republican, and a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities. A. T. PERRY, farmer, P. O. Richwood, was born at Delaware, Ohio, August 18, 1847. His parents were Henry Perry, a native of Delaware County, of Welsh descent, and Martha (Laven- der) Perry, the latter born en route while her parents were emigrating to this State. They had four children, viz.: Oliver, Maggie, 0. E., wife of G. W. Stevens, and our subject. The latter was married at Prospect, Marion County, by Rev. C. B. Hill, to Laura, daughter of William and Sarah (Rhodes) Irving, the former a native of New York State. She was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, November 23, 1842, and was one of seven children, the others being Jacob, John, Joseph, Frank, Mary and Catharine, wife of S. B. Dilsaver. Mr. and Mrs. Perry have four chil- dren, viz. : Piatt, born October 20, 1869 ; Rolin P., born June 20, 1871 ; Jennie, born Septem- ber, 20, 1873, died September 3, 1877 ; and William H., born July 6, 1880. Mr. Perry owns 100 acres of land on which he has resided since his marriage, and which he has successfully culti- vated since then. DANIEL REAM, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Ross County, Ohio, July 29, 1820. His parents were John and Catharine (Redman) Ream, natives of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Ohio at a very early day, and were among the pioneers of the Buckeye State. Our subject was married, April 27, 1840, to Harriet Muncy, daughter of Thomas Muncy, and a native of Delaware County, Ohio, where she was born in 1822. By this union thirteen children were born, of whom twelve survive. Mrs. Ream dying, three years later Mr. Reani was again mxrried . A. W. ROBINSON, hotel-keeper, Magnetic Springs, was born in Union County, Ohio, March 30, 1829. He is a son of Asa and Ann Catharine Robinson, the former a native of Massachu- setts, of English descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Our sub- ject was married, December 18, 1851, to Elizabeth E., a daughter of William D. and Jane (Trus- ter) Kirkland, and a native of Tennessee, born May 16, 1831. By this union they have three daughters — Jennie C, Elizabeth E. and Mollie M. — all now living. Our subject is a farmer by occupation, and owns a fine farm near the Springs, which furnishes the hotel tables with vegetables in their season, he being one of the proprietors of the hotel conducted under the firm name of Savage & Robinson. This house was built in 1880,' and has been used as a hotel since June, 1881 ; it contains forty-lhree rooms, thirteen of which are double, furnishing ample accommodations for the many guests entertained there every summer. Mr. Robinson read medicine with an older brother for eighteen months, and has paid some attention to the treatment of cancers and chronic diseases. He is a member of Delaware Lodge, No. 18, F. & A. M., at Delaware, Ohio, a Republican in politics, and with his wife a member of the Christian Church. WILLIAM H. STYER, farmer, P. 0. Claibourne, is a son of Joseph T. and Abigail M. (Cams) Styer, and was born in Knox County, Ohio, January 4, 1852. His parents were mar- ried in Union County in 1850, and had seven children, viz. : Adeline, Charles, William H., Martha E., James S., George A. and Eber. His grandparents were Joseph and Rachel Styer, and William and Jane Cams. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the public schools. He married Lizzie Miskill, who was born in Union County January 12,1851. She is a daughter of John and Adeline (Wells) Maskill, the former a native of Clark County and the latter of Ross ('ounty. Her grandparents were Robert and Isabelle Maskill. Mr. Styer has five children, viz. : Millie M., born February 16, 1876; Arthur, born May 29, 1877; Carrie, born December 31, 1878; Webb L., born October 12, 1880; and John S., born June 24, 1882. Mrs. Styer was educated at the Marysville High School, and taught nine terms in six schools of this county. Mr. Styer is a Republican in politics. His wife is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. NELSON S.VIITH, farmer, P. 0. Claibourne, is a son of John and Rebecca (Tracy) Smith, and was born December 14, 1832. On Miy 27, 1853, he married Ann Jane (h-awford. LEESBURG TOWNSHIP. 447 by whom he had seven children, viz. : Alsenia E., John E., Sarah, Josephine, David, Sherman and two infants, deceased. Mrs. Smith died August 25, 1873, and on December 24, 1873, Mr. Smith married Margaret A., daughter of Thomas R. Price, and a native of Tuscarawas County, born in June, 1834. Mr. Smith owns 107 acres of land on which he is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He owns a celebrated horse which was imported by W. H. Hawk and J. F. Smith. It is a dapple gray, weighing 1,800 pounds, ftnd was purchased August 31, 1881, at a cost of $15,000. He also has two very fine mares which he keeps for stuck purposes. Mr. Smith is a member of the Grange, and of the M. P. Church. He is a Republican in poli- tics, and has lived in the county twenty-three years. JOSEPHUS SMITH, farmer and veterinary surgeon, P. 0. Claybourn, was born in Fayette County, Ohio, October 16, 1828. He is a son of John and Rebecca (Tracy) Smith, the former a native of Greenbrier County, Va., and the latter a native of Maryland, and came to Highland County, Ohio, in 1812. Our subject was married December 18, 1850, to Elizabeth Car.-on, who was born in 1833. She died and on March 2, 1862, Mr. Smith married Eliza Ann, daughter of John and Polly Earheart. She was born in Ross County, Ohio, September 2, 1834, and by her five children were born, viz : Ellraphy, deceased, aged eight months; Anthraatis, bora October 12, 1865; Amanetta, born November 11, 1808; Wilbur Crawson and Josephus, born October 30, 1879. Mr. Smith was a member of the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Regiment Ohio Volun- teer Infantry from May 2 to September, 1864. He is a farmer and veterinary surgeon, having practiced the latter profession successfully for thirty-three years. He owns fifty acres of land, on which he resides. ISAAC STOUFER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Westmoreland County, Penn., inl835, and is a son of John and Nancy (Harvey) Stoufer. His parents moved from Pennsylvania toMus- kingum County, Ohio, where they remained three or four years, and about 1857 came to Union County. They settled about one mile west of where our subject now lives, but soon afterward moved to Wyandot County, where the father died. The wife still survives and is residing at Larue, Ohio, in the seventy-seventh year of her age. Our subject was raised in town in Penn- sylvania, and, during a part of his residence, in Muskingum County, and has provided for him- self since twelve or thirteen years of age. He conducted an ashery in Pharisburg for a time, and for about fifteen years operated a saw mill. In 1857, he married Miss Mary Welsh, a daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Welsh, by whom he had one child — Laura, deceased, aged two years. Mrs. Stoufer died in 1862, and in 1867 he married Mattie Langstaff, daughter of James H. and Catharine (Dixon) Langstaff, and by her has one child, viz., Laura, born August 10, 1830. Mr. Stoufer purchased sixty acres of land one mile north of Pharisburg, in 1867, and turned his attention to farming. In the spring of 1882, he disposed of his farm and purchased one hundred and sixty acres where he now resides and on which he has re- cently erected a handsome and commodious two-story frame residence. He is a Republican in politics, but, having no aspirations for official honors, he has never been called to serve in any official capacity. A. J. SMITH, farmer, manufacturer of pressed brick and tile and proprietor of a saw mill. Magnetic Springs, is one of the prominent citizens of the township. His father, a native of Virginia, of English descent, emigrated to Ohio at an early day and settled in Fayette County. In 1824, he married, in Ross County, Christina Howard, a native of Pennsylvania, who also came to Ohio at an early day and settled in Fayette County. They had a family of eight children, five boys and three girls ; both parents died in Union County. Our subject was married in 1864 to Sarah Ann Redding, a daughter of William and Priscilla Redding, the former of Dutch and the latter of English descent. Sbe was born June 4, 1842, and by her Mr. Smith has had eight children, viz.: William S. T., Flora R., Rosalie, Lilla M., Andrew J., Minnie A. and Benjamin F. and Frederick W., twins. Mr. Smith was raised on the Black farm, to which he went when four years of age, and remained until twenty-four. After his marriage, he was "burned out" at Pike's Peak, and in 1869 he went to the Rocky Mountains, where he remained one year and dug for gold nine months. He at one time owned over 800 acres of land in Ohio and Iowa, but now owns only 140 acres, on which he has 500 or 600 rods of hedge fence. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Granger's fraternity. He makes farming the principal object of his attention, but also operates a saw mill and manufactures drain tile ex- tensively and is engaged in the cultivation of grapes. ROBERT B. SMITH, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, son of Andrew and Jane (Barr) Smith, natives of Pennsylvania, was born in Washington County, Penn., July 12, 1837, and emigrated to Ohio at the age of sixteen years. On December 15, 1864, he married Margaret Westlake, a daughter of Josiah and Christina (Krouff) Westlake, and a native of Belmont County, Ohio, where she was born September 15, 1836. They have had three children, viz.: Eva J., born January 27, 1866, Josephine C, born February, 1869, and William Barr, born January 26, 1871. Our subject was rearel to farm life and has made farming his life occupation. His pa- ternal grandparents were James Smith and Jane, his wife. His maternal grandparents were Robert Barr and Christina, his wife. His wife's grandparents were Samuel Westlake and Elizabeth Reed, his wife. GEORGE SHREYER, former, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Germany February 2, 1812, and was a son of Adam and Margaret (Helman) Shreyer. He emigrated to America and thirty- five years ago located where he now resides. He is a farmer by occupation, and has succeeded 448 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. in accumulating 221 acres of land. He was married April 19, 1839, to Catherine, daughter of Jacob and Ann Catherine (Sicrist) Weaver, a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, where she was born February 22, 1820. By this union ten children were born, viz., Jacob, who married Anna W. Wagner and now lives in Fairfield County ; Ada, deceased; Ann C, Phebe Margaret, Samuel W., who lives in Kansas ; Keziah, Frances R. Mary Alice, Delia Maria and Emma Phonetta. The last named is the only one residing at home, the others being married and settled elsewhere. ROBERT SHARP, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Ros-* County, Ohio, September 24, 1810. He is a son of Henry and Nancy (Travilian) Sharp, natives of Albemarle County, Va., the former of English «nd the latter of French descent. Our subject was married September4, 1833, to Ann, daughter of Jacob and Eleanor (Devoss) Davis, natives of Ross County, Ohio. By this union five children were born, viz., Allen T., deceased, born July 21, 1834; Matilda, wifeof David Ca- hill, born i\Iarch 17, 1836; William, born May 6, 1838, asoldierin the Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry; Clarissa, wife of D. R. Armitage, born April 27, 1840; and Russel B., born July G, 1843. Mrs. Sharp died November 15, 1844, aged thirty-one years, and oa November 12, 1846, Mr. Sharp married Julia Organ, daughter of .John and Susannah (Teter) Organ, a native of Cham- paign County. By her he had two children — Charles W., born December 22, 1852, and Jennie R., born October 30, 1865. Mr. Sharp owns a farm of eighty-two acres of land, upon which he resides, where he devotes his time wholly to farming and stock dealing. He has crossed the Alleghany Mountains twenty-six times during his life, in the prosecution of his business. He was Superintendent of the County Infirmary for several years ; Deputy Sheriff four years under James B. Whelpley, and Sheriff two terms ; Coroner one year, and, in the latter capacity, held an inquest on the body of C. S. Hamilton, who was killed by his son. Mr. Sharp is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a class-leader forty years, and of the Palestine Lodge, No. 158, F. & A. M., and Royal Arch Chapter, No. 99, F. & A. M. His father was born in 1781. JOHN N. TRICKEY, proprietor livery stable, Magnetic Springs, was born in Licking Coun- ty, Ohio, .July 6, 1818; he is a son of Christopher and Caroline (Redmon) Trickey, the former a native of West Virginia, of German descent, and the latter of Irish parentage. Our subject grew up on the farm, receiving such schooling as was attainable in the country schools. He followed farming until July 22, 1881, when he engaged in the livery business with Lester Oliver; the latter having since retired. John Mickey has been taken into the firm, under the name of Trickey & Mickey. Mr. Trickey was married, November 15, 1872, to Margaret Braunan, daughter of John and Mary A. (Elliott) Brannan. By this union two children were born, viz., Mary, who died. June 7, 1880, and Sadie, boi-n February 21, 1877. Mr. Trickey owns a very desirable piece of property at Magnetic Springs, on which he resides. He is well adapted to his business, which he conducts in a very successful manner J. R. TAYLOR, farmer, P. 0. Pharisburg, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, August 15, 1847. He is a son of William H. and Eliza Ellen (Robinson) Taylor, the former of English and the latter of Irish descent. Our subject w is raised on a farm, and early adopted the occupationi of a farmer for his life work. In 1872, he married Miss Emma Bowen, who was born in 1852. By this union four children were born, viz., Ada, Lulu Eva, Harry Wayne, and an infant daughter. Mr. Taylor owns a well-improved form of 147 acres, near Pharisburg, upon which he resides, and which he cultivates in the most successful manner. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge and Encampment, and in politics a stanch Republican, taking an active interest in all questions of public reform, and, especially those advanced by his party. For six years he ably served his township in the capacity of Justice of the Peace. JOHN WOOD, farmer, P. 0. Claibourne, is a son of Ingram and Ann (Maskill) Wood, and was born in Union County November 12, 1815. He was reared on a farm and educated in the Union County common schools. He was marrieil October 20, 1870, to Miss Margaret Jolliff, who was born in Union County. They have four children, viz., Francis, born July 20, 1871 ; Min- nie, born April 17, 1874; Vina, born March 13, 1877, and Harry, born June 25,1880. Mr. Wood devotes his whole time to agricultural pursuits, and in cultivating his farm of forty acres, which lies one mile south of Claibourne. He served four months in Company D, One Hun- dred and Thirty-sixth Regiment, Ohio National Guards, Capt. Norville. His wife is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. A. WALKER, farmer, P. 0. Magnetic Springs, was bora in Delaware County, Ohio, March 16, 1821. His parents were Alexander and Margaret (Cain) Walker, the former a native of Pennsylvania, of Scotch descent, and the latter a native of Virginia, of Irish and Dutch descent. Our subject was married to Mary Adolphia Utley, a daughter of Jared and Polly (Fisher) Utley, and a native of Delaware County, born October 24, 1839. By this Union six children were born, viz., William R., born October 24, 1859; Elizabeth Ann, wife of Marion Roberts, born January 21, 1861, and mother of two children, Charles and George; Solomon A., born November 3, 1863; Mary Margaret, born May 31, 1867; Daisy Dell, born March 11, 1875. and George Ray, born April 16, 1877. Mr. Walker is a farmer by occupation and owns seventy- five acres of land, which he purchased eight years ago. He is a member of Rich wood Lodge, No. 347, I. O. 0. F., and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. He is a Democrat in politics. His father and seven brothers served in the war of 1812. His father was also a Revolutionary soldier. His grandfathers were James Walker and J'arnes Cain. c3).a/^/^^ U^ y^n^s^^r^ ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 451 CHAPTER IX. ALLEN TOWNSHIP. AT the time of the organization of Union County, the territory now com- prising Allen Township was embraced in Union Township. In 1822, when Liberty Township was formed, this territory was then mostly embraced there- in, and thus remained until June 5, 1827, when, at a meeting of the Commis- sioners of Union County, it was agreed " that a new township be set off to be called Allen Township, to be bounded as follows, to wit: Beginning at the southeast corner of Liberty Township, thence running with the east line of said township north six miles; thence running west to the west line of said Liberty Township; thence south to the line between Champaign and Union Counties; thence east with the said Liberty Township line three miles to the corner; thence south with the said line of Liberty Township to the northwest corner of Union Township; thence east with the north line of Union Town- ship to the beginning." Levi Phelps, Clerk of the Board of County Com- missioners, ALLEN TOWNSHIP SURVEYS. The earliest surveys in the territory embraced in this township were made in October, 1797. The surveys are as follows: Surveyed for Henry Whitning 740 acres, Survey No. 102, June 6, 1813; Walter Dun, D. S. Surveyed, De- cembers, 1823, for Charles Simms, ],200 acres, Survey No. 158; James Gallo- way, D. S. Surveyed, June 8, 1806, for James Denny, assignee, 300 acres, Sur- vey No. 1,502; James Galloway, D. S. Surveyed, September 28,1799, for John Hefferlin, 100 acres, Sui'vey No. 2,598; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, No- vember 4, 1797, for Richard Stephenson's heirs-at-law to Hugh Stepheuson- deceased, 1,000 acres. Survey No. 2669; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, No- vember 1, 1797, for Peter Manifold, assignee, 1,000 acres, Survey No. 2,833; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, October 30, 1797, for Samuel Wallace, 1,000 acres, Survey No. 2,875; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, October 23, 1797, for Lucas Sullivant, assignee, 1,300 acres. Survey No. 2,979; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, November 26, 1797, for John Mumford Gregory, 800 acres. Survey No. 2,980; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, November 26, 1797, for Andrew Torborn, 1,000 acres, Survey No. 2,981; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, November 26, 1797, for Andrew Torborn, 1,000 acres, Survey No. 2,983; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, December 20, 1797, for William Carter, 1,000 acres. Survey No. 3,151; Lucas Snllivant, D. S. Surveyed, De- cember 20, 1797, for Henry Baumgaitner, 200 acres, Survey No. 3,156; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, April 10, 1799, for Richard Stephenson, 800 acres. Survey No. 3,163; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, September 28, 1799, for Obadiah R. Harrison, 200 acres, Survey No 3,241; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, September 17, 1799, for Lucas Sullivant, 1,000 acres. Survey No. 3,681; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, September 11, 1799, for George McCrider, 100 acres. Survey No. 3,697; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, Sep- tember 17, 1799, for James Wilson, 100 acres, Survey No. 3,741; Lucas Sulli- vant, D. S. Surveyed September 17, 1799, for James Wilson, 200 acres. Sur- vey No. 3,742; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed September 30, 1799, for Lucas Sullivant, assignee, 200 acres. Survey No. 3,748; Lucas Sullivant, D. 452 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. S. Surveyed, Septembei* 30, 1799, for Lucas Sullivant, 200 acres, Survey No. 3,748; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, September 30, 1799, for James Cole- man, assignee, Joseph Flipps, Rowland Estes, Lucas Sullivant, assignee, and David White, assignee, 600 acres. Survey No. 3,749; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed September 28, 1799, for George Custard, 100 acres. Survey No. 3,752; Lucas Sullivant, D. S. Surveyed, December 12, 1805, for the repre- sentatives of Lewelling Jones, 1,100 acres, Survey No. 4,814; James Gallo- way, Jr., D. S. Surveyed, November 5, 1807, for Peter Manifold, 481 acrec3, Survey No. 4,610; James Galloway, Jr., D. S. Surveyed December 15, 1809, for John Hays, 200 acres, Survey No. 4,880; James Galloway, Jr., D. S. Sur- veyed May 1, 1806, for Thomas Sears, 500 acres, Survey No. 4,933; Duncan McArthur, D. S. Surveyed, July 22, 1809, for Zadoc Bailey and James Crop- per, 120 acres, Survey No. 6,295; James Galloway, Jr., D. S. Surveyed, March 5, 1811, for Rice Haggard and Nancy, his wife, 866f acres. Survey No. 7,022; James Galloway, Jr., D. S. Surveyed, October 26, 1813, for Anthony Walke and Abridgeton Jones, 3,337 acres. Survey No. 7,822; Walter Dun, D. S. Surveyed, November 1, 1815, for Walter Dun and Nathan Haines, assign- ees, 500 acres. Survey No. 8,565; Walter Dun, D. S. Surveyed, February 5, 1819, for Walter Dun, assignee, 200 acres. Survey No. 9,796; Walter Dun, D. S. Surveyed June 17, 1823, for John Evans and William Withers, 140 acres. Surveys Nos. 12,242 and 12,262; Duncan McArthur, D. S. Surveyed, January 11, 1825. for Walter Dun and George Clark, assignees, 82 acres. Surveys No. 12,081 and 12,744; Walter Dun, D. S. Surveyed for John Guthrie, 320 acres, Survey No. 4,606 — a part of said land is in Logan Coun- ty. Surveyed for James Galloway, 360 acres. Survey No. 5,746. Surveyed for Walter Dun, acres. Survey No. 7,772 (mostly in Logan County). Surveyed for N. Bailey, 120 acres. Survey No. 6,295. Surveyed for Mazy Vance, 1,000 acres, Survey No. 12,308. Surveyed for H. Massie, 40 acres, Survey No. 14,602. Surveyed for James Galloway, 260 acres, Survey No 15,809. EARLY SETTLERS. This township was the fifth in date of organization in Union County, and although from its geographical position it was not settled as early by several years as the southern townships of the county, yet settlers entered this terri- tory quite early, and after the first settler located within its boundaries he was followed by others in rapid succession; and within the period of fifteen years from the time of the location of the first settler the township of Allen was quite thickly populated. The township is located in the southwestern part of the county. It is bounded north by Liberty and Paris Townships, on the east by Paris, on the south by Union Township and Champaign County, and on the west by Logan County. Just who was the first settler within the precincts of this territory it is difficult now to ascertain, as there were several who located here at nearly the same time. We have, however, concluded to commence our pioneer list with the name of Henry Vangordon, who, if not the first settler, was one of tl)e first. He was a native of Pennsylvania, married Catharine Carter, emigrated to Ohio at an early day, came to Allen Township and set- tled on Buck Run, on land now owned by Jacob Leonard, it is believed, about 1820. Subsequently he removed to Illinois, where he died. His childi'en were as follows: Henry, married Eliza Spain, became a minister in the United Brethren Church, and moved to the West; Samuel and Mary (twins), the former is deceased, the latter married Philander Spain, and now resides in Illinois; Elizabeth and Charles, died in early childhood; George, removed to the West, and Wesley was killed by a falling tree when a child. Mr. Henry ALLEN TOWNSHIP. ' 45-3 Vangordon was one of thirteen voters at the first election after the township was constituted; also one of the first Trustees, and its fourth Treasurer. Daniel Allen, a native of Pennsylvania, married Rachel Burwell, and about 1813 emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Madison County; about 1820-21, came to Allen Township, where he settled and I'emained until his death, being killed by falling from a load of oats and breaking his neck, in 1832. The township was named in honor of him. As a man and citizen, he was highly esteemed and respected; was one of the first thirteen voters, and one of the three first Trustees; was an earnest and devoted Christian and a class leader in the church. His children were as follows: Mary, married David Reed, and subsequently removed to Iowa, where she died; Jonathan, married Roanna Talbot, and also died in Iowa; Betsy Ann, married Uram Carpenter, and now resides in Logan County, Ohio^ Samuel, Isaac and Wilson, all removed to Iowa, where they married and settled. Isaac Allen, a brother of the above Daniel Allen, early removed to the State of New York and married Theresa Andrews. In the fall of 1811, they emigrated to Ohio and settled in Pike Township, Madison County. In 1829, he removed to this county and settled in Allen Township, where he resided till his death, in 1863. His wife died in 1860. Of their children — Romanta, married Anna Mather, and removed to Iowa, where he died; Lury, married Alvin Wilcox, and subsequently removed to Indiana, where she died; Phebe, married William Mather, and now resides in Iowa; Mira, married Chistopher Wilbur, is now a widow and lives on the home place; Nathan B., married Margaret Mather, and now resides in Iowa; Emily, married Warren Lathrop, is deceased; Harriet, manned Michael Mullen, and removed to Iowa, where she died; and Caroline, who died in infancy. Jonathan Burwell, a native of Pennsylvania, settled in Allen Township about the same time with Daniel Allen. He married a Miss Yangorden and had the following children: Ephraim, Rachel, Eleanor, John, Sarah, Phebe, Catharine, Elizabeth and Anna. Mr. Burwell died in summer of 1829. He was one of the first thirteen voters. Southard Mather, a native of Maryland, came with his father's family to Milford Center, Union County, Ohio; there he married Perlina Rice, and set- tled in Allen Township about 1822-23. Subsequently he removed to Iowa, where he died. He was also one of the first thirteen voters, and the first Clerk of Allen Township. Moses Bedford, it is believed, was a native of Virginia; emigrated to Ohio and first located at Milford Center, where he followed shoe-making. Finally, he married Betsey Southard, settled on Buck Run, and was one of the thirteen who voted at the first election in 1827. Subsequently he removed into Cham- paign County. William Epps, a native of Virginia, settled in Champaign County, Ohio, about 1806-9, locating north of North Lewisbiu'g, near the line of Union County. About 1825, he settled on the Shepherd Clark farm in Allen Town- ship, where he remained till his death. Mr. Epps was one of the thirteen voters at the first election. Of his children were Richard, John, William, Joshua, Thomas, Hamilton and Sarah. William W. Haines was born at Chillicothe in 1801, and in December of the same year, with his father's family, removed to Logan County, where he re- sided till about 1818-20, when he came into Union County, and settled in this township, remaining a resident till his death in 1850. He was one of the thirteen to vote at the first election of the township. He married Atlantic Grubbs, by whom he had the following children: Oliver P., who married Eve McCumber, and is now a resident of DeWitt County, 111.; Dorcas Ann, mar- 454 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ried J. W. Smith, and resides in Illinois; Solomon, died a young single man; Levi, never married and died at thirty years of age; Amos, married Hannah Snuffin, she died and he is now a widower; and William O., married Hester Gibson and now resides in Illinois. Jesse Haines, a brother of the abcfv^e William W. Haines, married Delilah Bay less, and siabnequently settled in Logan County, where he resided till his death. William Asher was a native of Culpeper County, Va. , where he married Betsey Sharp. In 1800, he emigrated with his family to Ohio and settled in Ross County; thence about 1803-4, removed into Logan County; thence re- moved to Champaign County, and finally, about 1823, located in Union County, Allen Township, on the same place where his son now resides, and remained in the same neighborhood till his death, in 1847. He and his son John constituted two of the thirteen voters at the first election. His children were as follows: Polly, married William Austin; he died, and she married Joseph Stokes, she died in Logan County; Sallie, married Bunyan Parker, and died in Champaign County, Ohio; John, married Deborah Ray in 1826, and resides on the old home place, where he and his companion have now resided fifty-six years; Malinda, married John P. Reed, a native of Maryland, who, with his father, Samiiel Reed, settled in Union Township, this county, in 1802; John P. Reed and wife settled on Buck Run, on land now owned by Thomas Stillings, about 1825. About 1848, they removed to Iowa, where Mr. Reed died; subsequently she married Israel Reed; he is deceased, and she is now a widow residing in Colorado. Jeremiah married Rachel Austin and set- tled at W^est Liberty, Logan County, where he was a merchant many years and where he died. David married Jane McClung, a daughter of Isaac Mc- Clung, who came from Pennsylvania and settled in this township about 1835- 38. David and wife settled on the Darby on the Snuffin farm, but subse- quently removed to Auglaize County, where his wife died; he again returned to this township, and about 18(38 married Maria McClung, and is now residing on the old McClung farm. Harriet married Alvin Gano, and is now residing in Iowa. William died in childhood. William Milligan, a native of Pennsylvania, with his family emigrated to this county, and settled on the Darby, on the Henry Clark farm, about 1824- 25, where he resided several years. He was a tanner by trade, and finally settled in North Lewisburg, where he built a tannery and carried on the tan- ning business through life. He died at North Lewisburg. His children were Samuel, William, Rupe, Jesse, Morgan, Amos and Eliza. Mr. Milligan was one of the thirteen mentioned so often; the first election of the township, and several succeeding ones, were held at his house. Samuel Milligan, a brother of the above, married a Miss Van Wye after settling in this township. He located on the same tract of land with his brother William, where he resided till his death. He and his wife had no issue. Mr. Milligan was a man of excellent character and much esteemed by all who knew him. Nimrod Garwood was another one of the thirteen voters at first election, but we did not learn his nativity or the exact year of his settling here; it is cei-tain, however, that he was an early settler, and a leading man in the or- ganization of the township. He was one of its first Trustees, its first Treas- urer, and Township Clerk from 1828 to 1831 inclusive. Joseph Russell was the remaining one of the thirteen first voters of Allen Township, of whom we gather no other information. John Paver, a native of Maryland, married Elizabeth Wagoner, a native of Virginia, and emigrated to Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1802. In 1829, he ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 455 removed with his family to Union County, settled in this township on the place where his son John now lives, and here resided till his death, in 1851, aged seventy-seven years. His wife died in 1848. Mr. Paver began in the woods and endured the full hardships of pioneer life. He was the father of nine children — James married a Miss Meredith, of Hardin County, Ohio, and resided in that county till his death; Thomas married a Miss Davis, of Ten- nessee, where he first settled, and the last known of him he was living in Louisiana; Elizabeth married Abraham Leonard, of Pickaway County, Ohio, and is now deceased; Sarah married William Davis, and is deceased; Anna and Mary died young; Cynthia married Alexander Davis, is deceased; and John married Maria Poling, and resides on the old homo place. Abraham Leonard, a native of Virginia, emigrated to Ohio and settled in Pickaway County, where he married Elizabeth Paver, and in 1827 removed to Union County, settling on land now owned by John Paver, Survey No. 2,983. On this place he resided till his death. May 5, 1853. His wife survived him and died January 14, i860. Their children were Mary Ann, who died while young; Susanna, married Abraham Spain and resides near North Lewisburg; Rachel, married Willis Epps, he died and she married James Groe; Dorety died young: James, married a Miss Huff, and now resides in Champaign County; Jacob, married Jane McGill; Martin, married Lina Wagoner, and both are deceased. Hollis Amy settled here in 1829, and married Prudence Williams. Mr. Amy died at North Lewisburg about 1876. They had two children — Elisha and Nancy; the latter married a Mr. Burnham, and resides in Champaign County. Amos A. Williams married Eleanor Stewart, and settled here about 1827-28. He suffered the loss of one foot from being run over by the cars ; it was amputated, but he lived only a few weeks after the surgical operation was performed, and died October 23, 1855. His wife died January 14, 1860. Their children were as follows : Elisha, died in childhood ; Mary, also died young ; Erastus, died in infancy, July 29, 1833, and was the first body buried in Buck Run Cemetery ; Hannah, died at fifteen years of age ; James, married Americus Stewart ; Malinda, died in infancy ; William, died in the army in the war of the rebellion ; and Stephen, the youngest. Alvin Wilcox, a native of the State of New York, emigrated to Madison County, Ohio, at an early date, and in the spring of 1829 settled in Allen Township. He married Lucy Allen, resided here several years, thence removed to Illinois, thence to Iowa, and subsequently to the State of Missoiiri. They had the following children : Elizabeth, Theresa, Cynthia, Isaac, Mira and Joel, who were born in this county ; and Mary, Anna, Jeane and Eleanor, born in Illinois. Luther Wood, a native of Connecticut, born March 31, 1799, emigrated with his father's family to the State of New York, where his father died. In 1820. he removed to Ohio and settled in Union Township, where, in 1823, he married Rosanna Cochren, a native of Pennsylvania. In 1829, he located in Allen Township, where he resided till a short time before his death, when he removed into Jerome Township and resided one year; thence removed to Piqua, Ohio, where, six weeks after, he died, in August, 1867. His widow still survives, aged eighty years, and resides with her children. Unto them were born the following children : Kingsley, who married Hannah Coe ; she died and he married Mary Smith ; again death took from him his companion, and he married Elizabeth Spencer, who is also deceased, and he is now a widower and lives at Piqua. William C. married Maria Mc Williams. Lucinda mar- ried William McWilliams and resides in Piqua. Algelana married Alfred 456 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Mitchell ; he died, and she married James D. Robinson. James married Jo- sephine Reed ; she died, and he married Anna Myers ; and Mary Ann married Nathaniel Ryan ; he is dead and she is now a widow. Matlock Stokes, a native of Virginia, emigrated to Ohio and settled in Loo-an County at an early day, where he married Rebecca Snuffin, and about 1828-30, settled in the west part of this county, in Allen Township. Here he resided only a few years, and removed to West Liberty, Ohio, whei'e he and his wife both died. Of their children, Matilda died young, and Wesley resides in Logan County. William Snuffin, a native of New Jersey, emigrated to Ohio when young, married a Miss Connor, and about 1830 settled in this township, on the place where Chester Clark now lives, and here resided several years, but finally moved to the West. William Inskeep, Jr.. a son of John Tnskeep, one of the early settlers of Logan County, Ohio, married Mary Stokes, of Logan County ; settled in this township, on the tract of land where Hiram Inskeep now lives, and there re- sided till his death, in September, 1845. His widow still survives and resides with her children. Mr. Inskeep was one of the most highly esteemed citizens of Allen Township, and was honored with many of the township offices. In 1838, he was elected Treasurer of the township, which office he held, continu- ously, by re-election, to the time of his death. He was the father of the fol- lowing children • Louisa, who died voung ; Hiram, whose biographical sketch appears in this volume ; Matilda Ann, married John Harrison, is now de- ceased ; Olive, married William Crary, whose sketch is also in this work ; Will- iam Elbert ; and Victoria, who married Walter Bales. Elisha Cowgill, it is believed, was born in Eastern Ohio. With his father, John Cowgill, and family, he settled in Logan County in 1807, and there grew to manhood and married Polly Bishop. He settled in the northwest part of Allen Township, Union County, about 1827-28, on land now owned by his son, John B. Cowgill. Here Mr. Cowgill opened out in the woods, making the first improvement ever made upon this place, and here he remained through all his active life. In advanced life he sold his farm to his sons, and made his home with his son, John B. , till his death, in March, 1882. His children were, Matilda, Mary, Nancy, Betsy, Melissa, Jemima, John B. , Aaron and Jonathan G. Edward Tyler, a native of Virginia, emigrated to Ohio and settled on Big Darby, on land now owned by the widow Abraham, in 1827-28, where he resided till his death. His children were^ Samuel, Alexander, Elias, Hiram and Isaac. The latter became a practicing physician, but is now deceased. Cornelius Meshon, a native of Kentucky, settled on the McClung place, on the west bank of the Darby, about 1828-29, but after a few years' residence moved away. John Milligan, a half brother of William Milligan, previously mentioned, settled on the Clark land, on the east side of Darby, about 1828-29. He mar- ried Rebecca Dawson, and resided here many years, but finally removed to Van Wert County, Ohio, where they died. Their children were John, Wash- ington, Charles, and three or four daughters, whose names are unknown. John Dawson, a native of Pennsylvania, settled on land just north of Isaac Brodrick's, where Henry Cline now lives, about 1830-31. He died at the home of his son-in-law, Henry Poling, at Allen Center, about 1877. Joseph Dunlap settled here about 1830-32. Subsequently he removed to Putnam County, Ohio, where he died. Daniel Spain, a native of Virginia, born October 14, 1786, emigrated to Ohio and settled in Champaign County, three miles west of North Lewisburg. ALLEN TOWNSHIP. ^57 He married Agnes Crowder, and in the spring of 1832 removed to this county and located on a tract of land where his son, Sanford W., now lives. Hnre he commenced in the green woods, "not a stick amiss." About one year after, in 1833, he died, and the work of making a home and a farm devolved upon the mother and her children, who were quite young, the eldest son, John P., being about twenty years of age. In three years after, or in 1836, death again visited their family, and took from them this oldest son. Their other children were Millie, who married Paschal Spain, and is deceased; Sanford W.. mar- ried Matilda Wallace. She died and he married Sarah Ann Shirk, and now resides on the old home farm. Dollie never man-ied, and died young; Daniel W., married Sarah Sheneman, and resides east of Sanford W., on a part of the home farm; Clements, married Mary June Tobey, is now deceased; and Levi E., married Lovina Poling, and resides on the north part of the home place. It will be observed in the history of this family that after the death of the father, Daniel Spain, three years had scarcely elapsed when the eldest son died, and the care of the family, the work of making home and paying for their land devolved mainly upon the mother and the next eldest son, Sanford. who was then eighteen years of age. They were in the midst of the wilderness, and the prospect before them was gloomy in the extreme. But with true pioneer courage, with willing hands and hearts, they labored on; obstacles gave way before them, and to day they have a good impi'oved farm, with good buildings and the comforts of life. Mrs. Spain, the mother, died about 1840. Abraham Holycross, it is believed, was a native of Champaign County, Ohio, and a son of Howell Holycross, a native of Virginia. He married Hes- ter Dunlap, and settled on the east bank of the Darby, in Allen Township, about 1833, and remained a resident of this township till his death. The fol- lowing were his children: Pearson, Beamer, Kobert, Lucinda, Tabitha, Nancy and Martha. Mr. Holycross was a good, kind neighbor and a respected citizen. Isaac Brodrick was born in New Jersey October 1, 1802, and at six months of age was brought by his parents to the vicinity of Wheeling, W.Va. In 1813, they removed to Warren County, Ohio, where Isaac grew to manhood and mar- ried Hannah Wood, a native of the Red Stone country, in Pennsylvania. In the winter of 1833, he settled in Union County, on the place where he now lives, having made a residence here of half a centiuy. When he located here, he knew but two settlers between his place and Newton, one of whom was James Wilbur, and one located further north. Mr. Brodrick took possession of his land in the woods, and has cleared up and brought into cultivation 100 acx'es; has good buildings and improvements. His wife died April 3, 1876. They raised four children — Mary Ann, who married Richard Wells, she died in April, 1878; Isaac, married Sarah Huff, and resides on the home farm, and has served as Justice of the PeajCe nine years; James moved away, and when the war of the rebellion occurred, was in New Orleans, serving as an engineer on a steamboat, since which nothing has been known oE him; and Hannah Jane, who married Charles Van Wye; she died in the spring of 1878. Mr. Brodrick is now past fourscore years, and has borne the brunt of pioneer life. Daniel Coe, a native of Pennsylvania, married Mary Gladden, and in the spi'ing of 1833 emigrated to Ohio; settled in this township on the place where his son, Philip, now lives, and here resided till his death. Their children were Philip, who married Elizabeth Woodworth; she died, and he married Louisa S. Smith; he resides on the old home pl^ce, where he has lived since eleven years of age, a period of forty-nine years, and where he has a beautiful home; Joseph married Mary Clark, and now resides in Springfield, Mass.; Moses, married Martha Boal, both are deceased; Hannah married K. L. Wood, is deceas3d; Sarah married John W. Robinson; Elizabeth married Dr. Swain, 458 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. of Milford Center; he died, and she married L. H. Smith; she now resides with her mother, at Marysville; Mary married R. R. Henderson| and now re- sides at Minneapolis, Minn.; Jane died unmarried; William died in infancy; Olive G. married W. Simmons Johnson, is now deceased; Martha married Leonidas Piper, is now deceased, and Isabel died in childhood. Mr. Coe was a man of character and esteemed for his many good qualities; was a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church, and a Ruling Elder in the same for many years. James Wilbur was born in the State of New York ; emigrated to Ohio and settled in Union County about 1830. He married Sarah Cameron. He first settled on the Williams farm, then took a lease of land ; but about 1836-87 bought a tract of land where he still lives, and has made a continued residence of forty-five or forty-six years. He is the father of the following children : Sarah Ann, who married George Carpenter ; Owen, married Sarah Jane Marsh; Edwin, married Orange Eaton ; Olive, married Randolph Marsh, is deceased ; William, married Mary Welch, and resides in Kansas ; Addie, married Deville Wood ; Zachariah married Addie Allen, and resides on the home place with his aged father, who is aged and feeble, being now eighty-three years of age; and Joseph and Aimed ia. both deceased. IVIr. Wilbur is one of the oldest surviving pioneers of Allen Township. James Stillings was born in Maryland, May 8, 1785. He married Mary Barnes, a native of Maryland, and in the spring of 1829 emigrated to Clark County, Ohio. About 1834-35, removed to this county and located on the tract of land where Jacob Leonard now lives, where he resided till his death in the fall of 1865. His wife survived him, but has since died. The fruits of their union were as follows : Alexander, who married and settled at Find- lay, Ohio ; Thomas mari-ied Somelia Dines ; Catharine married Edward Nu- gent and resides in Kansas : James is deceased ; William married in Iowa, and now resides in Kansas, having a second wife ; Edward married Mary Smith, of Kenton, Ohio, where he practiced law several years ; is now a resi- dent and practitioner at Lawrence, Kan. ; Timothy married Elizabeth Kelly and removed to Kansas, where he died : John iiiarried Miss Cantwell, she died, and he married a second time ; is now one of the most prominent lawyers of Kenton, Ohio, where he has practiced more than twenty years ; Mary mar- ried Joseph Brown and removed to Iowa, where she died in 1882 ; and George, who married Jane Walke, and now resides in Champaign County, 111. Samuel Marsh was born in West Virginia May 30, 1S09. He married Mary Ryan, and about 1835 emigrated to Ohio and settled in Union County, on the place where he still lives. He purchased this farm of Alvin Wilcox - it then had on it a rough log cabin and about twenty five acres, partly cleared. He had a team, two cows, and $150 in money. He went in debt for the land, and then commenced in earnest the battle for a home and a competency. He subsequently added more land to his tirr^t purchase, till he became owner of various tracts, amounting in all to 716 acres, all of which he paid for by his own skill and labor, and that of his family. He has given the greater portion of these lands to his childi'en, thus giving them a good start iu life. He has reserved for himself ninety-four and one-half acres at the home place, with good buildings and improvements, constituting a pleasant farm home. Such has been the life and character of this worthy settler of Allen Township. Mr. Marsh is an active member of t^he Methodist Church, to which he has given, at home and abroad, liberally of his means ; has been a liberal supporter of pub- lic schools, and to all general public impi'ovements. Enoch Morse, a native of the State of New York, settled on the Darby on land now owned by Leister Clark, about 1835, where he lived till his death. ^.^^aa^yiMrvi c^-^^ ALLEN TOAVNSHIP. 461 He was a blacksmith by trade, a good neighbor and esteemed citizen. His children were as follows : Enoch, Chauucy, Charles, Christopher. Harriet, Mary. Delilah and Julia. William Moore, a native of Virginia, settled on the east bank of the Darby, on land now owned by Pearson Holycross, about 1S40, and remained a resident of this township till his death. The above list embraces most of the early settlers. There are, however, a few about whom we have learned but few particulars. Of these, the following names are of persons known to have been early settlers, to wit : Vandever Reed, Joseph Coberly, George Miller, John Gabriel, Dixon Mitchell, Samuel Ballinger, Alfred Hale, William Smith, Thomas Dodds, James Cochren, W^ill- iam Hoff, William Rowland, Benjamin Vickers, Thomas Dan, Elijah Kinney, Elijah Burroughs, L. Hibbard and John G. Hibbert. We now desire to give the history of one more family of this township, not because they were early settlers, but from their remarkable age, and the almost unprecedented length of time that this aged and venerable couple have traveled the jou.rney of life together. Seventy-one years have they shared its joys and its pleasui'es, or buoyed up each the other under its burden of toil and labors, its afflictions and sorrows ! Over "threescore years and ten," the allotted period to mortals given, have they walked hand in hand in the con- flicts of life ! And still the messenger of death spares them, and still they are permitted to live among and enjoy the society of their aged but reepected children. This family is as follows : James Cavender was born in Hillsboro County, N. H. , May 15, 1786, where he married Rachel Buttler, who was born July 4, 1789 ; they were married November 27, 1811. In 18i6, they emigrated to Ohio and locat- ed on W^illlam Bales' farm, where they Lave resided to the present time. He has been a farmer by occupation through all his active life. Their children were as follows : Annis, married Joseph Simons, a native of New Hampshire, where they resided most of their lives, and died in their native State : Abra- ham Holmes, man-ied Elvira Hopkins, of New Hampshire, and subsequently, in 1848, moved to Ohio and settled in Logan County ; thence, about 1850, they removed to St. Paul, Minn., where they now reside ; Jonathan Buttler never married, and died in Kentucky, aged forty-two years ; Sarah married William Bales ; Charles never married, but died at twenty-live years of age in his native State. Mary married Paul Whittemnre, and lived and died in their native State ; E. Burnham married Harriet Laws, and reside ill New Hamp- shire ; Rachel married Williard Powers, she died ili her native State ; and David, the youngest, married Jane Carley, and now resides in Illinois. SURFACE, STREAMS, SOIL, ETC. The surface of tliis township is level and undulating. Along the streams are level bottom lands; in the southern portion is a tract formerly known as the '' Crane Swamp," and another tract in the northeast portion known as the " Bear Swamp." These were formerly very flat and wet, and thickly grown up with trees and an undergrowth of grass and brush that it was impossible to ride through them on horseback. But these, by ditching and draining, are becomi ug the best of cultivated lands, from being at one time the lairs and hiding places of wild beasts. The balance of the township is undulating, with here and there portions that might be termed hilly. The principal stream is the Big Darby, which enters the township from its western border, about mid- way belween its northern and southern boundaries, flowing in a southwesterly course; it passes out of this township and through the northeast corner of Champaign County, again enters this township, passes in and after a south- 25 462 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. easterly course of about two miles aci'oss the southern extremity, enters Union Township. The only other stream or creek of any importance is Buck Run, which rises in the northern central part of the township, and takes a general southeast course, leaving it at its southeast corner and passing into Union Township. South of Allen Centre, it receives Bear Swamp Run, a small creek which takes its rise in Bear Swamp, in the northeast part of the township, courses in a southerly direction and empties into Buck Run as above described. The soil on the bottom lands along the creeks and on some of the low level portions, is a very rich black loam; the balance is a clay soil, and the whole is strong and productive, yielding abundant crops of wheat, corn and oats. The principal varieties of timber in the forests wei'e originally white, black, red and burr oak, elm, sugar maple, and some walnut and hickory; and in the northern part of the township some beech. In the extreme south part of the township, on the farm of Nathan Howard, are what were formerly known as the " Indian Fields," so called from the fact that when the first settlers came into this county, they found the Indians cultivating corn on these lands, they being then clear of all timber or undergrowth. After the Indians left, and prior to the lands being occupied by the white settlers, those fields, once so clear and easily cultivated, had become covered with a thick growth of trees and brush, and it required much toil and labor to clear them up and bring them again into cultivation. When the settlers first came to this section, the forests were full of wild game — bears, deer and wild turkeys — which furnished them with an abundance of good meat; and had it not been for this supply, many a poor man would have been short of rations. One locality, south of Allen Centre, near where Beai' Swamp Run empties into Buck Run, was a notable " deer lick," where the deer congregated in large numbers. Notwith- standing the many disadvantages, hardships and trials which the first settlers had to endure, yet Providence had combined with them many circumstances, which much ameliorated their condition. The Beltz Grist Mill, located near the Champaign County line and near the Big Darby, was one of the earliest erected mills in the township. About 1820-21, Samuel Hawkins erected a mill on this site, run by water power. After running the mill a few years, he sold the property to Thomas Dunn. About 1835, he was succeeded by Beltz Bros., and from that date to the pres- ent time — a period of nearly half a century — the mill has been in possession of some of the Beltz family. Soon after Beltz Bros, purchased the j^roperty, they erected a small distillery, which, after several years, passed out of use. At one time there was a saw mill run in connection with the grist mill, which was erected either by Mr. Hawkins or Mr. Dunn; it continued to supply the neighborhood with lumber until about 1870, when it went out of use. At the present time, Daniel Beltz is owner and proprietor of this mill. Although this mill in its construction was rude and imperfect, yet in that day it was a great blessing and convenience to this neighborhood. It is now out of repair, and has not been in use for about two years. Wetzel Mill. — Further down the Darby, in the extreme south part of the township, is the Wetzel mill site. Mr. Daniel Coe, probably about 1836-38, erected a saw mill here, and began the work of digging and constructing a race to supply water from the Darby Creek sufficient to run a grist mill. He was two years constructing this race, which cost $1,300. He also laid the founda- tion for the grist mill, but being unable to complete it, for want of capital, he finally sold the property to Ira Johnson, who then erected the grist mill, and subsequently, or at nearly the same time, built a distillery and a large ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 463 warehouse; soon after, the whole property was destroyed by fire. But again he erected the buildings, although on a smaller scale. But the undertaking was too much for his tinancial strength, and he failed in business, and the prop- erty finally came into the ownership of Williams & Bennett, who also failed, which ended all effort at the distilling business. The grist mill was purchased, at public sale, by Messrs. Howard and Leonard, who subsequently sold the property to Mr. Martin Wetzel; and while in his ownership, in 1856, it was agaiu destroyed by fire. He, however, again rebuilt it, and continued business till the summer of 1882, when he removed the machinery to Uaionville, where he erected a mill and is now doing business. Finley Saw Mill. — About 1848-50, James Finley built a saw-mill on the Milford & Allen Centre pike, run by steam-power. This mill has. since that date, furnished the principal lumber for that neighborhood. After Mr. Finley had run this mill a few years, and prior to the war of the rebellion, sold the property to Mr. S. B. Childs, who has continued to do business here to the present time. Pottersburg Saiv Mill. — In 1808, W'illiams & Bennett erected a steam- power saw mill at Pottersburg. They were succeeded in its ownership by Smith, Giddings & Co., of Green Springs, Seneca Co., Ohio, who are still proprietors of the same, with D. T. Burr as manager of the business. SCHOOLS. As soon as the first settlement had increased to a number sufficient to justify the effort of trying to establish a school, we do not find these worthy pio- neers dilatory in taking measures to secure to their offspring these much-needed advantages. It is believed that the first session of school ever held in the pre- cincts of Allen Township was taught by Wilson Reed, in the southeastern part of the township, near Buck Run. in the winter of 1829-30. It was taught in an old log cabin which had been vacated as a dwelling. The next term of school was taught by Amos A. Williams, which was also in a log cabin vacated as a dwelling, but in a different locality from the first, yet in the same neigh- borhood. The next school was taught by HoUis Amy, in his own house. The first building erected for school purposes was a log cabin situated on the Christopher Wilber land, at the corner where the Milford and Lewisburg pikes meet. This house was erected about the fall of 1832-33, and Amos A. Williams was the first teacher. This house served the purpose till about 1838- 39, when a frame house was erected near where the Buck Run Chapel now standsx This building served as a schoolhouse till the erection of the present frame house, situated on the Milford & Allen Center pike, just south of Buck Run. In a like manner, from settlement to settlement throughout Allen Town- ship, as soon as each neighborhood could support a school, some place was furnished and a school established. The township is now divided into ten sub- districts, with as many good schoolhouses. The enumeration of scholars is as follows: Subdistrict No. 1, males, 16; females, 16; total, 32. Subdistrict No. 2, males, 17; females, 12; total, 29. Subdistrict No. 3, males, 19; females, 11; total, 30. Subdistrict No. 4, males, 7 ; females, 18 ; total, 25. Subdistrict No. 5, males; 20; females, 17; total, 37. Subdistrict No. 6, males, 14; females, 16; total, 30. Subdistrict No. 7, males. 25; females, 20; total, 45. Subdis- trict No. 8, males, 30; females, 25; total, 55. Subdistrict No. 9, males, 17; females, 18; total, 35. Subdistrict No. 10, males, 44; females, 46; total, 90. Total males, 209; females, 199; both males and females, 408. The report of the Board of Education for Allen Township, September 1, 1881, was as follows: 464 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Balance on hand September 1, 1881 $4,634.21 State tax 630.00 Irreducible school funds 41.20 Local tax for school and school purposes 2,365.99 Total $7,671.40 EXPENDITURES. Whole amount paid teachers in common schools $2,409.71 For fuel and other contingent expenses 1,427.84 Total $3,837.55 Balance on hand September 1, 1882 $3,833.85 "Whole number of schoolhouses 10 Number of schoolrooms 14 Total value of school property $8,000.00 Number of teachers 11 Employed males 8 Employed females 13 Average wages of teachers, males ; $37.26 Average wages of teachers, females $23.15 Average number of weeks school in session 35 CHURCHES. Soon after the early settlers had gained a foothold in the territory now comprised in Allen Township, they established schools for the intellectual de- velopment of their children, and still earlier they commenced to organize churches for the moral and spiritual development of the people. Buck Run Methodist Ejjiscopal ChniTh. — This was the earliest organized church in the townshij:). It is believed that a class was organized as early as 1825, at the house of Daniel Allen, consisting of the following persons, viz. : Henry Vangordon, liachel Allen. Philena Mather, Daniel Allen, Kate Van- gordon, Hamuel Allen and perhaps a few others, with Samuel Allen as Class- leader. This class was organized by Samuel Allen, who was a local preach<^r. They continued to hold their meetings first in private houses and then in the schoolhouses until 1853, when the present frame house was erected and dedi- cated to service by Bishop S. M. Merrill. This society increased and multi- plied until at one time its membership reached seventy. But of late it has greatly diminished in numbers \yy death and removal, until it is at present re- duced to a class of seven persons; and for the last two years has been without a pastor. During the existence of this society they have been administered to by the following preachers: Revs. Daniel D. Davidson. Samuel P. Shaw, William P. Morrow, Michael Marley, Mr. Brown and liobert Finley. After the erection and dedication of the chuiTh building, they had the following ministers: Revs. Martindale and Taft, J. S. Adair and D. Mann, Henry Whar- ton and J. T. Miller, J. F. Longman and J. Slocum, William P. Grantham, Henry H. Ferris, G. G. West, S. C. Webster, A. AVilson, Orville J. Nave, H. E. Pilcher, D. G. Strong, and perhaps a few others. The following have been class-leaders: Daniel Allen, Henry Yangordon, Isaac Allen. Samuel Marsh, Christopher Allen, Thomas Long, Randolph Marsh, Uram Marsh, O. B. Con- verse and George Wilbur. United Bretlireu Church (Darby Chapel). — About the year 1849, Rev. F. B. Hendricks, from near Cincinnati, organized a class in the old log school house, with the following persons as members: D. W. Spain and wife Sarah Ann, Reuben Moore and wife Perlina, Joseph Moore, and perhaps a few others. Soon after the organization they proceeded to erect a hewed-log house for church purposes, which was completed about 1851. This house served them until 1870, when the present frame structure was built upon the site of ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 465 the old house, at a cost of about 11,200, it was dedioted by Rev. W. J. Shuey, of Dayton, Ohio. The following preachers have administered to this people: Rev. B. F. Hendricks, Rev. Tobey, Rev. Farber, Rev. J. M. Marker, Rev. S. S. Holden, Rev. Samuel Downey, Rev. D. Zeigler, Rev. Daniel Miller, Rev. William Miller, Rev. W. McGinnis, Revs. Merrit Miller, William Ray, D. A. Johnson, Henrv Tobey, Rev. Kiracofe, Rev. ^^'agoner. Rev. C. Bodie, Revs. H. J. Mulholland, J. Cost, James Wilkinson, J. T. Mahan and R. G. Mont- gomery. The following persons have been class leaders: Joseph Moon, Reuben Moore, Strange Epps, Hugh Wilson, Clement Spain, Samuel Waddle, William Organ, Fremont Spain and Allen Burroughs. The church now has a member- ship of about sixty. Darby Methodist Episcopal C/i ape /.—About 1850-52, Rev. George Harris organized a class at the schoolhoiise, consisting of the following persons: Abraham Holycross and wife Hester, William Holycross and wife Nancy, John Organ and wife Louisa, James Kennedy and wife Ivy, William Holycross, Sr., and wife Amy, Nancy Cline, William Smith and wife Sarah, with Abra- ham Holycross as class leader. Services were held at the schoolhouse about one year, when they erected a hewed-log house for church purposes on the site of the present church. This house served them until 1870, when they erected the present frame building, at a cost of about $1,200. Some of the pastors have been Revs. George W. Harris, Samuel Brown, J. M. Sullivan, Wesley Webster, Jonathan Verity, N. McDonald, W. N. Williams, D. H. Sargeant, E. McHugh, W. B. Jackson. T. E. Fiddler. H. M. Curry, George W. Kelley, A. W. Bell, J. F. Loyd, George H. Kennedy, D. L. Hayward and W. Q. Shannon, the present pastor in charge. The class leaders have been Abraham , Holycr(;8s and W. H. Crary; the latter being in charge of the class at the present time. The church now has a membership of about seventy-live. Dur- ing the summer a flourishing Sunday school is maintained with W. H. Crary as the last Superintendent. Allen Centre Baptist Church was organized at the Allen Centre School- house in June, 1854, with thirteen constituent members, as follows: Henry Poling, Jonathan Poling, Edith Wells, Jane Smit}\, Owen Wilbur, John Pol- ing, Rachel Lott, Sarah Poling, Elizabeth Poling, Catharine Hale, Edward Eaton, Cyrus Poling, James Harvey, Sarah Ann Poling, George Line and Lewis Jones. Elder George Line "preached the sermon, and Elder James Harvey gave the Right hand of fellowship. The church was organized as "The Buck Run Baptist Church." Rev. Lewis Jones was the first pastor in charge, preaching as a licentiate till in the fall following its organization, when he was ordained and became the regular minister to the church, and con- tinued as such, holding services in the schoolhouse, until May 12, 1855, when the Baptist Church at Milford Centre was organized and this society was re- moved to that place and united with it. This relation was continued until the summer of 1871, when a re-organization was effected at Allen Centre, known as the " Allen Centre Baptist Church." In the fall of the same year, they corn- menced to erect a frame building for church purposes, which was completedjn the summer of 1872, and the same dedicated on Sunday, September 8, 18^2, the dedicatory sermon being preached by Rev. D. Randall, of Columbus; the pastor in charge at the time was Rev. C. K. Dunbar. The present pastor is Elder Vance. Protestant Methodist Church at Allen Centre. — In the winter of 1803, Rev. Mr. Plummer organized a class consisting of Lewis Corbitt, George Grove and Samuel Poling, with their wives and several others, and soon after, probably in the fall of the same year, erected a comfortable log house, which was duly dedicated to service. They continued as a society to hold services 466 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. till about 1875, when they ceased to exist as an organization; the church prop- erty was sold and is now the private property of Cyrus Poling. Since then there has been no organization of that name. Pottersbnrg Methodist Episcopal Church. — In the winter of 1877, Rev. Frank Loyd held a series of meetings in the schoolhouse at Pottersbnrg, and during this time constituted a class consisting of the following persons: Clin- ton Leonard and wife Nancy, F. J. Robinson and wife Allie F., Mrs. Maiy Ann Burgandine, Samuel Burgandine and wife Jane, Andrew Palmer and wife Nancy, William Robinson, Oliver Grubbs and wife Ruth, Eli Norviel, Willis Epps and wife Sarah, and a few others, with Clinton Leonard, Willis Epps and Eli Norviel as class-leaders. They held their services in the school- house till the summer of 1880, when they erected the present frame house, 28x42 feet, for church purposes, at a cost of $1,200. The house was ded- icated to service by Rev. George H. Kennedy, September 5. 1880. The followinc^r ministers have served the church since its organization: Revs. Frank Loyd and George H. Kennedy, who served while in connection with the North Lewisburg Circuit. After the eroction of the church edifice, this so- ciety was united with the Newton Circuit, and Rev. John Parlette became their minister; he was succeeded by Rev. Winfield Jaggors. The present minister is Rev. Mr. Little. Present membership, thirty-three, with Clinton Leonard and Samuel Burgandine, as class -leaders. A Sunday school was organized a short time prior to the constitution of the church, which has since been con- tinued and is in a flourishing condition, averaging about fifty scholars in at- tendance, with L. F. Lary, Acting Superintendent. CEMETERIES. The Buck Run Cemetery, near the church, was probably one of the earliest burying places in this township. The first persons buried here were Daniel Allen, who died August 2, 1832, and Erastus Williams, who died July 29, 1833. These grounds contain many of the first settlers. On the Lewisbm'g &Marysville pike is another cemetery, situated on the south side of said pike, a short distance west of Squire Isaac Brodrick's residence. These are the principal burying grounds of this township, although there are two or three other places where one or more persons have been deposited in former days. POTTERSBURG. February 18, 1869, Andrew S. Mowry sxuweyed and laid out a town on Survey No. 315. for David A. Williams and George F. Bennett, to be known as Pottersbnrg, consisting of twenty-four lots, one main street sixty-six feet wide, and four cross streets, viz.: Front, William, Bennett and Carter, each sixty-six feet wide; the lots all situated on Main street commencing with No. 1, and numbering to 24, with all the odd numbers 1 , 3, 5, etc., upon one side of the street, and all the even numbers, 2, 4, 6, etc., on the op- posite side, with alleys in the rear of said lots, each twenty feet wide. The plat and grant of lands dedicated to streets and alleys for public use were duly acknowledged and signed by said Williams and Bennett, and their wives, April 14, 1869, before W. M. Winget, a Justice of the Peace, and tha same recorded May 1, 1869, by James Smith, Recorder of Union County, Ohio. October 22, 1872, T'homas Cowgill surveyed and laid out fourteen lots with one sti'eet, known as Railroad street, to be an addition to the town of Pot- tersbnrg; said addition being situated on the north side of the Atlantic & Great Western Railway, adjoining the town on the north, and made by W. Armstrong. Said street is sixty feet wide. Lot No. 1 is located at the east side of said addition, and numbering westward 2, 3, etc., to No. 14, ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 467 with three alleys from Railroad street to the rear of said lots, each sixteen and one-half feet wide; and also an alley in rear of lots of same width; the same being duly ajjpropriated and signed and executed by W. Armstrong and wife, before Gilbert H. Stewart, a Notary Public. Recorded December 17, 1872, Hiram Raney, Recorder, Union County, Ohio. In the summer of 1868, prior to the laying out of the town, Jonas Cline, a carpenter by trade, erected a saw-mill. He also built the first house, which was for Abel Lary; also, in 1869, he erected a house for himself. Then he erected a store room, 12x18 feet, and filled it with groceries, which was the first store in the town. Mr. B. Andrews was the first blacksmith. In 1869, Capt. Cline petitioned for a post ofiice. He received his commission as Post- master the same year, and has continued to hold the ofiice to this date (1882). In the spring of 1864, the Atlantic & Great Western Railway (now the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad), was completed, and the first train of cars run over the road. Capt. Jonas Cline was appointed ticket agent. In 1872, the railway company built a good depot, and a telegraph office was established here. About this time, Capt. Cline erected a large, two story storehouse, and put in a complete and general stock of goods. Where this town now stands was a dense forest, and before a building could be erected the ground had to be cleared of timber and stumps. Now the town contains about 100 soiils, with one good general store, by Capt. Jonas Cline; one blacksmith, Harry An- drews; one saw-mill, erected by Williams & Bennett, now owned by Smith, Giddings & Co., of Green Springs, Seneca Co., Ohio, and in charge of D. T. Burr; one tile factory, owned and operated by the Crary Bros., who are doing a large business; one church (Methodist Episcopal) ; one two-story frame school - house, erected in 1881-82, with two rooms, in which are employed two teach- ers; the house cost about $1,400, all furnished complete. ALLEN CENTER. At the location of Allen Center, the first business to be carried on was an ashery, which was erected and run a fetv years by Mr. Joel Everett. Soon after Joshua Eaton purchased five acres of land, and about 1848-49 laid out a few lots with the object of starting a town. A post office was established in February, 1851, with Reuben Foote commissioned as Postmaster. Ransal Smith carried on the cabinet-making business, and Stephen Donahue, black- smithing. Mr. Barnet Bennett erected a large two-story frame house in 1861- 62, and in one of the rooms placed a small stock of goods, constituting the first general store. He continued business till 1864-65, when he sold out to Jacob Painter, who carried on an extensive trade till the fall of 1875, when he closed out his stock with a series of public sales, and removed to Mississip- pi. Since then one or two others have put in a few goods, but continued in trade but for brief periods of time. About the commencement of the war of the rebellion, the post office was discontinued. At present, the village con- tains a few houses, but no business except farming. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. This is one of the few townships which has the official records preserved from its organization. The first election, by order of the County Commission- ers, was held on October 9, 1827, at the house of William Milligan, at which election were polled thirteen votes, as follows : Jonathan Burwell, Joseph Russell, Henry Vangordon, Moses Redford, William Epps, Samuel Milligan, Nimrod Garwood, Daniel Allen, William Milligan, William Asher, William W. Haines, John Asher and Southard Mather. Reuben P. Mann received eleven votes for Representative. John Reed, nine, and Levi Phelps, four, for 468 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. County Auditor ; Cyprian Lee, three, and Stephen McLain, ten, for County Treasm-er ; Ehas Robinson, nine, and David Mitchell, four, for County Com- missioner ; Alexander Kobinson, thirteen, for Assessor. At this electiou. Nim- rod Garwood, Henry Vangordon and Daniel Allen acted as Judges, and South- ard Mather and John Asher, Clerks. Another election was held for Justice of the Peace and Constable, on the 3d day of November, 1827, with the follow- ing result : William Milligan received six votes, and Heni-y Vangordon four for Justice of the Peace ; David Furrow, five, and John Asher, five, for Con- stables. In 1876, the township polled 314 votes. Township ofiicers as fol- lows : Trustees — 1827, Nimrod Garwood, Henry Vangordon and Daniel Al- len ; 1828, Samuel Milligan, John Asher and Levi Gunn : 1829. Vandever Reed, Samuel Milligan and Hollis S. Amy ; 1830 (wanting); 1831. Joseph Coberly, Samuel Allen and Daniel Allen ; 1832, Joseph Coberjy, Daniel Allen and Luther Wood ; 1833, John Asher, John Milligan and Amos A. Williams ; 1834, John Milligan, William Inskeep and Henry Vangordon ; 1835. William Inskeep, Jr., Daniel Allen and Luther Wood ; 1836, Luther Wood. W. W. Haines and Amos A. Williams ; 1837, George Miller, John Milligan and Da- vid Reed ; 1838-39. Enoch Morse, Luther Wood and James Wilbur ; 1840, A. A. Williams, Henry Vangordon and ; 1841, James Stillings, Daniel Coeand L. W. Hale; 1842-45, (wanting); 1846, E. W. Crary; 1847, Edwin Spain, William W. Haines and James Stillings; 1852-53, Dixon Mitchell, Edwin Spain and James Kennedy; 1854, Dixon Mitchell, James Kennedy and Paschal Spain; 1855, B. H. B. Griswold, Andrew Beltz and Elisha Cowgill; 1856, B. H. B. Griswold, Jonas Poling and John Epps; 1857-58, James Wil- bur, Jonas Poling and William Bales; 1859, James Wilbur, Elisha Cowgill and Jonas Poling; 1860, James Wilbur, Jacob Painter and Elisha Cowgill; 1861-62, Samuel Marsh. Abraham Holycross and Samuel Waddle; 1863, Samuel Marsh. Dixon Mitchell and Isaac Downs; 1864, Samuel Marsh, Dixon Mitchell and Paschal Spain; 1865, Samuel Marsh, Moses Coe and Samuel Waddle; 1867-68, Samuel Waddle, B H. B. Griswold and Paschal Spain. 1869, B. H. B. Griswold, A. Holvcross and Samuel Jordon: 1870, B. H. B. Griswold, W. H. Jordon and Shepherd Clark; 1871, B. H. B. Griswold. W^ E. Inskeep and Benjamin Grubbs; 1872-73, B. H. B. Griswold, W. E. Inskeep and O. B. Converse; 1874, B. H. B. Griswold, W. E. Inskeep and John Paver; 1875-78, W. E. Inskeep, John Paver and Eli Norveil; 1879, W^illiam Inskeep, Thomas Stillings and D. T. Burr; 1880, W. E. Inskeep, Thomas Stillings and John Paver; 1881-82, W. E. Inskeep, Thomas Stillings and Edwin Wilbur. Clerks — 1827, Southard Mather; 1828-31. Nimrod Garwood; 1832. Hollis S. Amy; 1833, William Inskeep; 1834-35, William Snuffin; 1836-37, William Inskeep; 1838-40, E. W. Crary; 1841-53, Luther Wood; 1854-59, Isaac Brod- rick; 1860-61, Jonas Poling; 1862, Isaac Brodvick; 1863-65, Owen Wilbur; 1866, Jacob Painter; 1867-68, Owen Wilbur; 1869, George Jordon; 1870. J. N. Kennedy; 1871-82, W. H. Crary. Treasurers — 1827, Nimrod Garwood; 1829, Amos A. Williams; 1831, John Asher; 1832, Henrv Garwood; 1833-37, Joseph Coberly; 1838-44, William Inskeep, Jr.; 1845. E. W^ Crary; 1847-48, O. J. Fish; I8M:9-51, Thomas Stillings; 1852, David Osborn; 1854, William Inskeep; 1855-62, Caleb Clark; 1863, James Wilbur; 1864-68, Jonas Cline; 1869, Jacob Painter; 1870-82, Samuel Waddle. Overseers of the Fooi — 1827, John Asher, and Jonathan Bm-well; 1828, William Asher; 1831, William Rowland and Abraham Leonard; 1832, Edward Tyler and Benjamin Vickers; 1833, William Smith and Daniel Reed; 1834, John Paver and William Smith; 1835, Thomas Dun and Isaac McClung; /6/U. ^/^&^^ ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 471 1836, Thomas Dim, Vandever Reed and Jesse Haines; 1837, Elisha Cowgill and William Smith; 1838, Matlock Stokes and Chauncy Morse; 1839, Daniel Allen and A. A. Williams; 18-1:1, Henry Vangordon and Isaac Allen. Fence F/ewers— 1831, W. W. Haines and L. D. Hibbard; 1882, W. W. Haines and "William Inskeep; 1833, Benjamin Yickers; 1834, Jesse Haines and Edward Tyler; 1835, Thomas Dodds and John G. Hibbert; 1836, Thomas Dunn, Daniel Allen and William Smith; 1837, Benjamin Vickers and John Gabriel; 1838, Benjamin Vickers, Levi Haines and John Epps; 1839. Ben- jamin Vickers, Jason Rice and Roger Poling. Assessor— 1846, Dixon Mitchell: 1848, Thomas Stillings; 1849-55, Amos A. Williams; 1856, William R. Webb; 1857, William Inskeep; 1858, Josiah Knight; 1859-60, Moses Coe; 1861, Dixon Mitchell; 1862-64, Moses Coe; 1865, ^\. H. Crary; 1866-71, W. R. Webb; 1872-80, Nathan Howard; 1881-82; Eli Norviel. Constables — 1829, David Reed; 1831, John Epps and Elijah Kinney; 1832, James Williams and Cornelius Meshon; 1833, Cornelius Meshon and John P. Reed; 1834, William Inskeej) and Romanto Allen; 1835, John P. Reed and Jeremiah Asher; 1836, John Epps and Thomas Dodds; 1837, Chris- topher Wilbur and Elijah Burroughs; 1838, Levi Wells and Isaac CaiT; 1839, John Epps and James Taes; 1840, John Epps; 1841, David Reed and John Epps; 1842, Warren Lathrop and John Epps; 1843, Hollis Amy and John Epps; 1844-45, Thomas Dodds and John Epps; 1846-47, Orsemus J. Fish and John Epps; 1848, John H. Good and John Epps; 1849-50, John Epps and Martin Pyres; 1852-53, John H. Good and John Organ; 1854, Reiaben Morse and J. Emerson; 1855, John Epps and James Emerson; 1856, John Epps and Martia Pyers; 1857, Samuel Waddle and Martin Pyers; 1858, Thomas Dawson and Martin Pyers; 1859, Isaac Brodrick, Jr.; 1860, George Williams and James Williams; 186)1, John Epps and James Williams; 1862, John Epps and W\ H. Crary; 1863, Jacob Cline and John Epps; 1864, John Epps and James AVilliams; 1865, John Epps and William Jenkins; 1866, John Epps and Joseph Emerson; 1867, R. D. Finley and Isaac Willett; 1868. John Epps and Moses Coolidge; 1869, Amos Foote and Stephen Pyers; 1870-72, John Epps and Stephen Pyers; 1873-74, Eber Norviel and Braley Sprague; 1875, John Bryan and Jeremiah Poling; 1876, John Bryan and L. M. Crary; 1877-78. W'illiam Jenkins and L. M. Crary; 1879, John Bryan and James Richcreek; 1880, A. S. Johnson and Lewis Poling; 1881. John Bryan and Levi Norviel; 1882, John Bryan and H. Arrowhood. Justices of the Peace— 1828, William Milligan; 1829, William Snuffin; 1830, John W. Williams; 1836, Williain W. Haines; 1837-40, A. A. Will- iams; 1839-42-45, E. W. Crary; 1843, Reuben R. Hale; 1845, A. A. Will- iams; 1846, William Inskeep; 1848, Dixon Mitchell; 1849, James Kennedy; 1851, Frank Pearl; 1852, John C. Johnson; 1854, Mr. Grubbs; 1855, B. H. B. Griswold; 1857, Reuben Foote; 1858, John Paver; 1860-63-66, Isaac Brod- erick; 1861, James Kennedy; 1864, W. R. Webb; 1867, B. H. B. Griswold; 1869-72, James Williams; 1870, William L. Robinson; 1873-76-79-82, Adam Wolford; 1875-78, W. P. Jennings; 1881, L. M. Crary. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ROBERT B. ABRAHAM, deceased. The subject of this memoir was born near Wheeling, West Va., December 9, 1809. When three years of age his parents Daniel and Mary Abraham, removed to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he spent his youth and early manhood. At the age of twelve years, he began an apprenticeship at the carpenter trade in Stenbenville, where he spent four years. He then removed to the country, and December 19, 18o9, he was married to Miss Margaret J. Coe, a daughter of Moses Coe and Esther Howell. Mrs. Abraham was born in Jefferson County September 10, 1817. Of their eight children, five are living, viz.: Sarah S., 472 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Esther M., wife of Isaac Walk; Eliza J., wife of G. E. Adams; Alice A., wife of Charles Chapel, and Minta A., William B., Philip W. and Martha M. are deceased. In 1855, Mr. Abraham re- moved with his family to Union County, and located on the fiirm whereon he died. He first bought 125 acres of land, and made additions till their homestead contained 245 acres. He and his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church for many years. His death occurred July 17, 1879. He was a man of benevolent and enterprise, and died with a host of friends. WILLIAM BALES (deceased) was born in Milton, Hillsboro County, N. H., .January 24, 1809. His parents, William L. and Chloe (Halt) Bales, were originally from Vermont. They were both born in 1784, the former March 13, and the latter August 6. William Bales, father of William L. and grandfather of William Bales, the subject of this sketch, was a soldier under Gen. Washington in the Revolution, while his father was engaged on the side of Great Britain, having being pressed into the British ranks. In 1840, Mr. Bales, the father of our subject, came to Union County, and settled in Allen Township, where he died October 4, 1876, aged ninety-two years. His wife preceded him March 10, 1856. William, our subject, was reared to manhood on a farm. February 1, 1838, he was married to Miss Sarah, daughter of James and Rachel Cavender, and a native of Hillsboro County, N. H. She was born iSIarch 19, 1818. The fall of 1838, he removed westward, and settled near Newton, Union County, and the following year settled in Allen Township. He cleared up his first farm, which contained 150 acres, from the stumps. He accumulated land to the amount of 400 acres, besides land in the West, but through a turn of ill-luck he lost considerable property. He resided on the West Liberty & Columbus Stage route, and in early days accommodated many a weary traveler. He served as Postmaster of Caberly P. 0., about twenty years. He was elected Justice of the Peace, but declined to fill the office. He devoted his undivided attention to farming and raising stock. He was one of the first to introduce Morgan horses in the county. He died a member of the Baptist Church. Politically, he always advocated the doctrines and principles of Democ- racy. He was the parent of ten children, nine of whom survive him, viz.: William W., mar- ried Jenny Dunn ; Walter W., married Victoria Inskeep ; Cliiford C, married Jane Allen; Mary M., wife of Oliver Carter; Rosa, wife of Oliver Inskeep ; Frank ; Burnham C, married Emma A. Lee; Sarah A., wife of Charles W. Brodrick, and George; Rachel R. is deceased. Mrs. Bales' parents live with her and her children, aged ninety-six and ninety-three years respectively. They have lived a married life of seventy-two years, and reared a family of nine children. They are perhaps the oldest couple in Union County. Mr. Calender's father came from Ire- land in 1775, and served from the beginning to the close of the Revolutionary war. ISAAC BRODRICK, Sr., farnn^r, P. 0. North Lewisburg, was born in Burlington County, N. J., October 1, 1802. His parents, Isaac Brodrick and Beulah Engle, were of Irish and New Jersey nativity respectively ; the former was born July 29, 1772, and the latter December 29, 1772. They were married August 10, 1799, and in 1811 removed to Warren County, Ohio. Isaac, who was a native of Ireland, was a son of Thomas Brodrick (the name was originally Broderick, afterward Bradrick, and subsequently to its present version), for many years a Captain on a vessel plying between Dublin and Philadelphia; he finally died on the water. Isaac, who re- moved to Warren County, resided there some years, then removed to Darke County, thence to Oxford, Butler County, and in 1824, to Allen Township, Union County, where he died in April, 1837 ; his widow followed him January 3, 1858. The subject of this sketch was married De- cember 12, 1822, to Hannah J. Wood, daughter of Aquilla and Jane Wood. Mrs. Brodrick was born October 15, 1804, and died April 3, 1877. This union was blest with four children ; of these but one survives. The deceased are Miry A., born November 8, 1823, married Richard Wells, and died April 12, 1880; James, born November 15, 1827, and died ; Hannah J., born April 9, 1831, married Charles Van Way, and died March 30, 1880. Isaac, Jr., the eldest son and only living child, was bora June 23, 1825. April 10, 1851, he was joined in marriage to Miss Sarah P. Hoff", daughter of Anthony W. and Elizabeth Hotf, and a native of Barbour County, W. Va. She was born March 14, 1834. Eleven children were the fruits of this marriage, viz.: Charles W., John M., Samuel J., Isaac W., Emma L., wife of Oliver McCullough ; Eva L., wife of J. R. Benton; Benjamin F., Anna R. and Olive E. ; William S. and an infant are deceased. Mr. Brodrick re- in 1855 returned to his native county. August 12, 18t)l, he entered the ranks of the Union army, as a member of Company C, Seventeenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served in the Fourteenth Army Corps. He was chosen Corporal, and subsequently was promoted to First Sergeant. He veteranized in January, 1864, and re-enlisted in his old company, serving tdl the war closed. He was engaged in the following battles: Wild Cat, Mill Springs, evacuation of Cornilh by the rebels. Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, Chickamauga and Resica. Then joined Sherman, and participated in all the engagements on the Atlanta campaign and all the battles in close proximity to Atlanta. He then marched to Savannah, and was active in all the conflicts of that famous march, and afterward went to Washington D. C. and attended ihe grand review. He was discharged with the honors of a, veteran at Columbus, Ohio, in July, 1865. He bears the scar of a slight wound received at the memorable engagement of (Jhicka- mauga. November, 1865, he married Miss Melissa Coweill, daughter of Elisha and ^lary Cowgill, by whom he has has had three children — John C, born June 22, 1867; -Jennie B., born December 19. 1870, and George E., born January 7, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Jordan is politically a stanch Republican. He served as Township Trustee one term. He owns a farm of 112 acres and follows farming and rearing thoroughbred short-horned cattle. SAMUEL P. KIMBALL, farmer, P. 0. Woodstock, a prominent Spanish Merino sheep breeder of Union County, was born in Champaign County September 6, 1851. He is a son of Truman M. and Mary J. Kimball, of Champaign County. He passed his early life on his father's farm and acquired his education in the common schools. October 8, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Sallie McMahill, a daughter of James and Elizabeth ^IcMahill. Mrs. Kimball was born in Champaign County May 10, 1860. One daughter was born to this marriage — .Mary Trent, born September 4, 1877. In 1873, Mr. Kimball took charge of 260 acres of his father's farm, partly located in Union County. He has been engaged in farming and rearing live etock, making a prominent specialty in breeding and keeping thoroughbred Spanish Merino sheep. He has over 200 head of registered Merinos, besides fine Durham cattle and French horses, and is a regular exhibitor at the Union County fairs. Mr. Kimball is a young man of enterprise and has achieved a marked success with fine stock. Politically, he n of Republican views. Mrs. Kimball is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JACOB LEONARD, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, a native of Allen Township, was born March 6, 1838. His parents were Abraham and Elizabeth (Paver) Leonard. Mr. Leonard was born in 1772, and when a young man came to Pickaway County, Ohio, and followed driving cattle over the mountains to Eastern markets till 1801, when he came to Union County and settled on the North Fork of- Buck Run, where he was among the first settlers. He purchased a farm of 200 acres for which he gave a norse worth §80, and $120 in gold. Heserved in the war of 1812, and died May 7, 1853. His widow survived him until .January 14, 1860, when she died at the age of fifty-three years. Jacob, our subject, is the second son and fifth child of seven children, four of whom are living, viz.: James, Susannah, Rachel and Jacob. Jacob was brought up on the old homestead, and with his brother aided in clearing a large portion of it. He owns a farm of 214 acres of land; besides his agricultural pursuits, he is engaged in keeping Norman and Clydesdale horses, which are among his exhibits at the annual fairs. November 18, 1869, he was married to Miss Jane McGill, a daughter of Eli and Millie McGill, and a native of Preston County, Va. She was born March 1, 1862. They have four children — Susie B., Millie D., EfSe and Cora. Maudie and Carrie are deceased. 478 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. OLIVER E. LINCOLN, farmer and fine stock dealer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, July 4, 1848. He is tlie third son of Charles Lincoln, for many years a prominent fine stock breeder and dealer of Champaign County. He was raised on his father's farm and educated in the common schools. February 20, 1871, he wai united in marriage to Sarah Coolidge, daughter of G. W. and Paulina. Mrs. Lincoln was born in Union County Janu- ary G, 1849. Five children were born to this union, viz.: Dwight, Ora E., Mary B., Oliver E. and an infant son. In the fall of 1875, Mr. Lincoln located on the farm he now occupies, 'vhich contains 192 acres of well-improved land. Mr. Lincoln has been engaged in keeping thorough- bred short-horn cattle. His father was one of the prominent fine cattle breeders of the State. Mr. Lincoln is a member of the importing company of 0. E. Lincoln & Co., engaged in importing French horses and French Merino sheep. He was the prime mover in the organization of this company and is one of its chief supporters. He is a man of enterprise and has been an exhibitor of his fine stock at the Union County fairs. Politically, he is identified with the Republican party. SA^IUEL MARSH, farmer, P. O. Marysville, an old pioneer of Union County, was born in Randolph County, W. Va., May 30, 1809. He is a son of Benjamin !Marsh, a native of Old Virginia, and Sarah Minear, a native of Germany, and a daughter of Adam Minear, who came from Germany to America during the Indian hostilities, and settled in Harrison County, Va., where Mr. Minear met a tragic death at the hands of the relentless savages. Mr. Marsh spent his youth and early manhood in his native place, where his parents died. In 1835, he removed his family to Allen Township, Union County, and settled on eighty-two and one-half acres of his present farm. He now owns a large farm, with good improvements. He has always pursued the avocation of farming and stock-raising, and has met with success. He has devoted especial attention to keeping fine cattle and sheep. He was married the first time, April 14, 1831, to Miss Mary Ryan, a daughter of John and Sarah Ryan, and a native of Randolph County, Va. She was born August 6, 1807, and died December 3, 1868. This union was blessed with eight children, of whom six are living — Loyal Y., Sarah J., wife of Owen Wilber, Randolph C, Erne- line C, Stanton, and Jemima E., wife of Mr. jNIarsh. Felix 11., a deceased son, was a member of a Kansas regiment in the late war, and was taken prisoner and died. Mr. Marsh was again mar- ried June 16, 1869, to Miss Abby Pierce, daughter of Timothy and Pattie Pierce. Mrs. Marsh was born in Madison County, N. Y., August 28, 1825. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are associated with the Methodist Episcopal Church of Marysville, Mr. ^larsh's political views are Republican. He served as Township Trustee two terms, and as a member of the Board of Infirmary Dii-ectors. STANTON MARSH, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, youngest son of Samuel and Mary (Ryan) Marsh, was born on the home farm July 7, 1845. He spent his early life on the farm, and received his training in the common schools. September 3, 1864, he entered the infantry service in Company F, One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment, and, with his command, served in the Cumberland Army. He was at Nashville when Hood threatened that city, and served on guard duty till June 7, 1865, when he was discharged. .January 25, 1867, he was married to Miss Alice J. Wood, daughter of William C. and Maria Wood. Mrs. Marsh was born in Allen Township February 3, 1847. They have two children — Willie E. and Lulie E. Mr. Marsh took possession of his present farm in 1867 ; it contains ninety acres of well improved and cultivated land. Mr. and Mrs. Marsh are associated with the Methodist Episcopal t^hurch of Milford Center. JOHN PAVER, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, was born No- vember 13, 1819. He is a son of John Paver and Mary Wagner, the former a native oF Mary- land and the latter of Virginia. They were married ami came to Fairfield County in 1802, the year Ohio became a State. In 1829, they removed to Union County, and located on the farm now occupied by our subject. Mr. Paver was called out into military service soon after Hull's surrender, and served six months. The subject of this sketch was reared on the homestead. March 19, 1846, he married Maria Poling, daughter of John and Sarah Poling, who came to Union County in 1837. Of fifteen children by this marriage, eleven are living, viz.: Sarah A., wife of Charles Wilson, George, Jimes, Ira, Cynthia, wife of Arthur Wagner, Martha J., wife of Ira Donohoe, Louisa, Maria, wife of Henderson Turner, Alfred, Alice, wife of F. Hall, and John. Mrs. Paver departed this life October — , 1879. Mr. Paver filled the office of Justice of the Peace one term, and served as Township Trustee eight years. Politically, he is Democratic. He owns a farm of 500 acres, and is engaged in farming and rearing stock. SAMUEL RE.VM, tarmer, P. 0. Potteisburg, was born in Perry County, Penn., July 16, 1814. He is a son of John and Catharine (Shookerd) Ream, and a grandson of a Mr. Ream who M-as a soldier in the American Revolution. He removed to Ross County, Ohio, some years after the Revolution had ended. He died there at an advanced age. Samuel is the fourth son, and was raised to maturity on a farm. In 1850, he came with his family to Allen Center ; removed to Darby Township in 1852, and six years later returned to Allen and located on his present farm, which was all in woods. He cleared a place and erected a log house, and has since im- proved his farm to its present condition. In 1839, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 481 George and Sarah Featherland, of Virginia, where she was born. Of seven children by this marriage, six are living — George, Mathias, Elizabeth, Frank, Delia and Samuel. Sarah A. is deceased. Mr. Ream has always pursued farming, and has been successful. He made all his property through industry and economy, and his dealings have been honest and upright. He is a Democrat of the old Jacksonian school. GEORGE REAM, farmer, P. 0. Pottersburg, eldest son of Samuel and Elizabeth Ream, was born in Ross County, Ohio, March 10, 1842. In 1856, he came to this county with his parents and lived till of age. May 2, 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty- fourth Regiment of the Ohio National Guards, and served till September 2, 1864, when he received an honorable discharge. September 1, 1881, he was married to Mrs. Ortensie R. Robinson, widow of Willian Robinson (deceased) and daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth Eaton. Mrs. Ream was born in Allen Township January 1, 1847. She was first married March 13, 1873, and had two children — Adolphus B.,born April 16, 1874, and Mary A., born March 22, 1877. Mr. Robinson was born in Canada January 1, 1844. He was a member of Company H, One Hundred and Thirty sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards, during the latter part of the war, and died Feb- ruary 28, 1879. Mrs. Ream is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, Mr. Ream is a Democi"at. He owns a farm of 182 acres and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. THOMAS STILLINGS, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center. The subject of this biography was bornin Harford County, Md., November 30, 1816 His parents, James and Mary (Barnes) Stillings, wei'e also natives of Harford County. Mr. Stillings was born May 8,1785, and Mrs. S. Novem- ber 1, 1791. In 1828, they removed to Clark County, Ohio, and settled ten miles east of Spring- field, where they resided till 1833, and came and located in Allen Township, where Mr. Stillings bought a tract of 200 acres of land ; he afterward added 100 acres to the original purchase. He was drafted and served in the war of 1S12. His death occurred in the fall of 1865, and bis wife followed some two years after. Thomas is the second son in a family of ten children. Feb- ruary 21, 1842, he was married to Miss Somelia. daughter of James C. and Providence Dines. Mrs. Stillings was born in Clark County, Ohio, June 14, 1823. Of four sons three are living, viz.: William, married Emma Wood ; Edward, married Olive Carpenter; and French G., mar- ried Ella Vance; Lewis, the eldest son, is deceased. He was born December 15, 1844, and September 3, 1864, in tender manhood, he responded to the country's call and enlisted in Com- pany F, One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. While in the service, he contracted the measles and died January 15, 1865, while home on a furlough He was a patriotic soldier boy and now sleeps with the fallen heroes of the Union. In 1844, Mr. Stillings purchased eighty-seven acres of his present farm, and with thirty-seven acres as a present from his father, he began life. He now owns 302 acres of finely improved land constitut- ing the home farm, besides acres in Union Township. Mr. Stillings started in life like many others of his day, in limited circumstances. 13y his untiring energy and industry he has raad^ for himself a large and valuable competence, and ranks as one of the solid and substantial men of tlie county. Farming and stock-raising has been his exclusive occupation, and in which he has been crowned with eminent success. Mr. Stillings, although not an otfice aspirant, has filled various official capacities in his township. He is now serving his third term as Township Trustee. The portrait of Mr. S. that appears in this was made from an ambrotype taken when he was forty-two years of age. EDWARD STILLINGS, farmer and fine stock raiser and dealer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born on the old homstead in Allen Township, February 3, 1850. He is the third son of Thomas and Somelia Stillings, early pioneers of Union County. He was reared and brought up on his father's farm and received his education iu the district schools and union schools of Marysville. September 14, 1876, he was united in marriage with Miss Olive Caipenter. the only daughter of George and Sarah A. Carpenter. Mrs. Stillings is a native of Allen Township ; was born Septem- ber 14, 1866. They have had three children — Daisy May, born June 13, 1880 ; and Frencdi C, born March 25, 1882 ; i^rthur T., the eldest, is deceased. He was born March 15, 1878, and died August 11, 1879. June 1, 1877, Mr. Stillings located on his ftirm where he has since resided. He is engaged in farming, but devotes most of his attention to breeding fine stock. He is a member of the importing company of E. Lincoln & Co., who are engaged in importing thoroughbred Norman and Percheron draft horses from France. He also has some fine Ken- tucky driving horses. He has in his possession a French mare which weighed, when three years old, 2,000 pounds. Mr. Stillings is an enterprising young man. He owns a highly cultivated farm adjoining the homestead. SAMUEL WADDEL, farmer, P. 0. North Lewisburg, a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, was born December 8, 1826. He is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Dixon) Waddel, natives of Pennsyl- vania, and whose parents were atnong the firs', pioneer settlers of Fairfield County, Ohio. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, wa^ reared to manhood in his native place. His taiher died when he was but little more than six yeirs of age. April, 1856, be with his mother came to Union County and settled on the farm he now occup'es, where his motaer died April 22, 1858. Mr. Waddel, when he first settled here, bought a farm of seventy-four acres, which he has cleared and improved. April 21, 1853, he married to Miss Elizabeth Zemmer, daughter of Abraham and Susan Zemmer, a native of Pickaway County, Ohio. Their two children are : 26 482 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Catharine I., born November 12, 1854, married H. E. Spain; and Leiitia E., born February 28, 1858. Mr. Waddel and family are members of the U. B. Church. In politics, Mr. Waddel is a Republican. He was a member of the Board of Township Trustees four years, and since 1870 has filled the office of Township Treasurer. He owns a farm of eighty-eight acres, and is engaged in agricultural pursuits. JAMES WILBER, an aged pioneer of Union County, was born in Rhode Island November 22, 1799. When a boy his parents, Owen and Sarah (Pierce) Wilber, removed to Madison County, N. Y. His father was a soldier for awhile in the war of 1812, and died in 182<); his widow survived him over forty years, she dying in January, 1861, at the ripe age of ninety-three years. Mr. Wilber, the subject of this sketch, spent his eai-ly life and manhood on a farm. In 1817, he came to Ohio with Mr. John Coolidge and family, who settled near Milford Center, Union County. He returned to New York in 1820, and remained one year, but having a pref- erence for the West, which he considered afforded superior advantages for the young man, he returned to Union County, where he worked by the day and month, till 1829, when he married. In 1837, he purchased 100 acres of his present farm, which then dwelt in its forest state. He cleared a site for a house, which he erected of logs. He, with the assistance of his sons, cleared up the land of a f-irm of about 200 acres. Mr. Wilber aided in making numerous improvements in the way of early roads, schools and churches. October 29, 1829, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Cameron, daughter of John and Anna Cameron, who removed from Pennsylvania to Hamilton County, Ohio, in 1811, thence to Warren County, and in 1824 to Champaign County, and ^ix years later (1830), to Jackson Township, this county. Mr. Cameron died July 27, 1849, aged eighty-three years. When a young man he spent several years in transporting pro- visions by flat-boat, from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. His widow survived him a number of years, and died August 17, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Wilber hive been blessed with nine children; of these six are living — Sarah A., wife of George Carpenter, Owen, Edwin, William, Addie. wife of D. J. Woods, and Zachary ; Almeda, Olive and Joseph, are deceased. Mr. Wilbur has made farming and stock-raising his sole occupation, and followed it successfully up to December 15, 1878, when he was stricken with paralysis, which has entirely disabled him from all business. Mr. AVilber has been called upon to fill various offices of trust in his township, and among them Treasurer and Trustee, which positions he held for several years. He has always been an active citizen and has displayed a lively interest in all improvements and enterprises of his township and county. And now when age and relentless disease has unfitted him for the per- formance of other duties, it can be said of him that his life was one of industry, usefulness and success. OWEN WILBER, farmer, P. 0. North Lewisburg, eldest son of James and Sarah Wilber, was born in Allen Township June 25, 1832. His early life he spent on the homestead, and re- ceived his education, though very limited, in the district schools. He with his brothers, aided in hewing down the forest and cleai'ing up the old farm. March 29, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J., daughter of Samuel and Sarah J. Marsh. Mi'S. Wilber is a native of Virginia, was born March 9, 1841. Thty have had two children — Alice L., wife of E. B. More- house, of Dayton, and A. D., the youngest; he married Sarah Snufiin. Soon after his marriage Mr. Wilbur located on the farm he now occupies. His occupation consists of agricultural and stock-raising, making a leading pursuit of keeping Poland-China hogs, and French and Clydes- dale horses. In 18tjl, he enlisted in the Ninty-sixth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, but on ac- count of disability was never mustered into the service. May 2, 18G4, he and his brother Edwin, volunteered their services in Company H. One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regiment Ohio National Guards, and served on garrison duty at Fort Ellsworth till discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, August 31, 1864. He then returned to his farm, and has been engaged in its pur- suits successfully ever since. He has liberally assisted in the construction of the pike improve- ments of his township and community. He filled the office of Township Clerk four terms. He and wife are members of the M. E. Church. His political associations have always been with the Republican party. EDWIN WILBER, farmer, P. 0. Marysville, second son of James and Sarah Wilber, was born in Allen Township December 13, 1834. He passed his childhood and early manhood on the farm, and acquired his education in the common schools. October 18, 1860, he was joined in marriage to Miss 0. M. Eaton, a daughter of Joshua and Mary Eaton, natives of Con- necticut and Massachusetts respectively. Mrs. Wilber was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, February 2, 1831. Their children are Elmer, Annie, Alonzo and Estelle M. One child died in infancy. May 2, 18G4, Mr. Wilber enlisted as a member of Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Regimental Battalion of the Ohio Nation.al Guards. He was employed principally on garrison duty near Washington, D. C, till September 15, 1864, when he was honorably dis- charged from the service. He returned home, and resumed the pursuits of farming and stock- raising, his present avocation. In 1856, he and his brother Owen purchased 246 acres of land, and, in 1858, his father transferred to him 123 acres. His farm now contains 244 acres of land, well improved and under a high state of cultivation. In stock-raising, he has made a specialty of Poland-China hogs, in which he has made a marked success. Mr. Wilber has displayed an interest in all irr.provements, and especially has pikes received his aid and co-operation in their ALLEN TOWNSHIP. 483 construction. He is now sei'ving his second term as member of the Board of Township Trustees. Politically, he is a member of the Republican party. ISAAC WILLET, farmer, P. [0. North Lewisburg, a prominent farmer and stock-i-aiser of Allen Township, was born near Woodstock, Champaign County, Ohio, May 19, 1837. His father, DaTid Willet, was a native of Harrison County, W. Va., and his mother, Elizabeth (Rogers) AVillett, of Ross County, Ohio. Mr. Willet removed to Champaign County, Ohio, about 1820. His mother and three brothers, Isaac, Abraham and Daniel Crislip, emigrated from England prior to the war of the Revolution, and purchased large lands on Brushy Fork, Harrison County, W.Va. Mr. Willet, the father of the subject of this sketch, was married in Champaign County to Eliza- beth Rogers, whose parents had moved to Champaign County in 1805. Of a family of ten chil- dren, nine are living — Samuel L., John 0., JNIary .J., wife of James W. Romine, Isaac, Catharine, wife of W. H. Lease, William H., Sarah E., wife of John Moore, Maria, wife of W. McArthur, and George W. Hopy A, is deceased. Isaac, ihe subject of this sketch, passed his early life on a farm, and was educated in the common schools of his native place. When a young man, he engaged in dealing in stock, and spent the years of 18.57-58 in that business in Illinois. He then returned to Ohio, and in 1862 removed to the farm where he now resides. For the last twenty-six years he has bought and shipped stock, doing a successful business. Of late years he has made a leading pursuit in breeding and keeping thoroughbred Poland-China hogs. Since July, 1881, he has been interested in the live stock commission business at Union Stock Yards, Cincinnati. He is a member of the Agricultural Board of the " World's Fair," and a stockholder in the Bank of North Lewisburg; and also a member of the Ohio Farmers' and Horsemen's Mu- tual Protection Company. Mr. Willet is an active, enterprising citizen, and always manifests an interest in all public improvements. He was married January 22, 1862, to Lucy J. Spain, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth A. Spain. Mrs. W., a native of Champaign County, was bora September 12, 1845. This union was blessed with six children; of these, live are living, viz.: Emma B., Josephine, Lizzie, Marcie and Anderson L. Thomas S. is deceased. ADAM WOLFORD, Justice of the Peace, P. 0. Pottersburg, was born in Knox County, Ohio, November 13, 1824. His parents, Andrew and Charlotte (Ream) AVolford, were natives of Bedford County, Penn. They were married in Bedford County, and removed to Knox County, Ohio, prior to the war of 1812. Mr. W. died in April, 1825, leaving eight children. Adam was reared on the homestead till he was thirteen years of age when he started out for iiimself, working as a farm hand by the month (ill he was seventeen, when he tocik up the car- penter trade in Marysville, where his mother had moved in 1828. She died in Henry County, Iowa, in September, 1874. In 1844, our subject returned to Marysville, where he followed his 'trade till 1873. He aided in building Union Block, Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, be- sides other buildings. In 1873, he removed to his farm, and the same year was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he has since tilled. December 9, 18G0, he was married to Miss Nancy J. Jordan, daughter of Henry and Nancy Jordan. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM C. WOOD, farmer, P. 0. Milford Center, was born in Union Township Decem- ber 8, 1825. His parents, Luther and Rosanna (Cochran) Wood, were natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Mr. Wood was born March 31, 1799, and Mrs. Wood April 23, 1802. Na- than and Lucinda Wood, parents of Luther, resided in New York State and died at Chautauqua. In 1821, Mr. Wood came to Union County and settled near Milford Center ; in 1831, he removed to Allen Township, where he resided till the early part of 1872, when he moved to Piqua, Mi- ami County, where he died the following August. Mrs. Wood, the widow, lives mostly with William C. Mr. Wood was a man of some prominence, having filled the office of Township- Clerk ten years, and as Justice of the Peace the same length of time. He was a Republican, formerly a Whig. William C, the subject of this biography, was the second child of a family of three sons and three daughters. His early life was passed on his father's farm, and he has made that avocation his life-work. January 22, 1846, he wms married to Maria McWilliams, a daughter of Alexander and Margaret (Nixon) McWilliams. Mrs. Wood, a native of Belmont County, Ohio, was born March 19, 1824. This union was blessed with five children ; four of them are living, viz.: Alice J., wife of Stanton Marsh, James D., Luther A., and Anna, wife of Delmer Coe. An infant daughter is deceased. Mr. Wood started in life with a capital not exceeding |100 but by his indomitable energy, so characteristic of the pioneer, combined with good business management, he acquired for himself a handsome competence. He located at his present residence in 1864. His farm at one time contained 500 acres of well- improved land, but a division with his children leaves him now with 256 acres. Mr. Wood's occupation consisted in farming and rearing and dealing in fine stock, in which pursuits he made a success. He and family are members of the Milford Methodist Episcopal Church. Po- litically, he is Republican. JAMES D. WOOD, farmer, P.O. Milford Center, eldest son of William C. and Maria Wood, was born on the old homestead in Allen Township January 5, 1849. He remained at home till of age. January 6, 1870, he was married to Miss Addie Wilber, a daughter of James and Sarah Wilber, of this county. Mrs. Wood was born in Allen Township November 8, 1846. They have two children — Ida, born March 14, 1871, and Lillie, born May 13, 1873. An infant 484 • HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. daughter, now deceased, was born May 13, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Wood are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically, he inherits the views of his father. He owns 135 acres of land. LUTHER A. WOOD, fixrmer, P. 0. Milford Center, son of William C. Wood, whose portrait ap- pears in this work, was born on the home farm in Allen Township December 19, 1851. He was brought up to farming and has always followed its pursuits. April 12, 1877, he was married to Miss Emma P. Irwin, daughter of Lackey and Nancy (Maxwell) Irwin. Mrs. Wood was born in Allen Township .lune 26, 185G. By this union one child was born, who died in infancy. Mr. Wood owns forty-eight and one-half acres of land and follows farming and stock-raising and, during the fall seasons, operates a steam thresher. He and wife are associated with the Meth- odist Church. Politically, he adheres to the Republican principles of his father. CHAPTER X. JACKSOX TOWNSHIP. THIS township occupies the northeastern corner of Union County. Mar- ion County bounds it on the north and east, Claibourne Township on the south and Washington on the west. Rush Creek is the only stream of any importance. It enters from Washington on the west, flows southeastwardly till it reaches the interior portion of the township, then bends sharply toward the north and cro.sses into Marion County. It is said that the stream received its name from the abundant growth of rush along its banks in early times. The soil is generally of a clayey composition. In the first bottom along the stream it is a black loam, and on the ridge above, or second bottom, is found considerable limestone and gravel. The surface may be described as sliglitly rolling. Back from the streams existed a number of ponds in pioneer days, but these have mostly been drained and converted into productive fields. One of the largest was known as Beaver Pond, in the northwestern part of the township. It embraced about forty acres, but scarcely a vestige of it now re- mains. Walnut, hickory, white ash, sugar, burr oak, red oak, elm and beech were the most plenteous varieties of timber. Few springs exist and a good limestone water is found in wells at a depth of from twenty to forty feet. In the bottom lands, corn, wheat and grass are the principal crops. Back from the creeks grass is chiefly grown. A petition was presented to the Commissioners of Union County, March 3, 1829, by Ebenezer Cheney, praying or a new township, to be named Jack son, to be laid off the north side of Leesbm'g Township. The Commissioners granted the petition and defined the boundaries of the new township as fol- lows: " Beginning at the cotmty line eight miles south of the northeast corner of Union County, thence running west parallel with the north line of the county of Union to the east line of Liberty Township; thence with the Liberty Township line north to the northern boundary of the county of Union; thence east to the northeast corner of said county of Union; thence south eight miles to the place of beginning." At the same session, the Board of Commissioners ordered that it be sur- veyed by Levi Phelps. June 3, 1829, the following entry is found on the records: " The Com- missioners of Union County reconsidered the order for the running of the township of Jackson, and ordered that said township shall be laid off, begin- ning two miles and one-half north of the first mile tree north of Bokes Creek on the eastern boundary of the county of Uni5n; thence west parallel with the JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 485 BOiithern boundary of said county of Union to the boundary line between Liberty and Leesburg — all north to be considered as the township of Jackson." The same day an election of township officers was ordered, to be held June 16, 1829. As thus constituted, the township embraced the greater portion of what is now Claiboiu'ne Township, and also the Miller settlement in York Township. At the election held for State and county officers, October 12, 1829, twenty one voters w^ere present, viz. : George Clark, Joseph Wilson, Nathan- iel Wilson, John Smith, James Clark, Eleazur Rose, Jacob Reed, Henry Swartz, Henry Clark, John (31ark, David S. Allen, Benjamin Carter, Hugh M. Stevens, Jonathan Miller, Charles Miller, Joseph Miller, Harvey Moore, Ira Ber- nett, Adam Jmbody, Ebenezer Cheney and James Cameron. Of these, only six re- sided in what is now Jackson Township, viz. : Benjamin Carter, Jacob Reed, David S. Allen, Harvey Moore, Ebenezer Cheney and Jamea Cameron. Henry Swartz, George Clark, and Jacob Reed were the Judges of the election, and Eleazur Rose and James Clark, Clerks. The township was reduced to its present limits by the erection of Clai- bourne, in 1834. Where the first election was held is not known; it was probably some- where in what is now Claibourne. In 1832, the place of election was changed to the house of David Carr, and. in 1838 it was ordered that the Township Trustees that elections be held at Michael Blue's house. In 1843, the school- house at Essex became the voting place, and the elections have ever since been held at Essex. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Until 1834 some of the Justices resided in what is now Claibourne Town- ship. Among them were Henry Swartz, whose commission expired January 19, 1833, and Philip Plummer, whose commission was dated August 15, 1833. As complete a list as can be obtained of those Ijelonging to Jackson prop- er is as follows: Thomas Cheney, 1832, resigned Ju.ne, 1833; John Scott, 1833; James P. Scott, 1836; John Scott, 1836; Dennis Welch, 1839; John Cheney, 1839; Dennis Welch, 1842; John Cheney, 1843; Tabor Randall, 1845; Francis Baldwin, 1846; Tabor Randall, 1848: Francis Baldwin, 1849; Tabor Randall, 1S51; Francis Baldwin, 1852; Tabor Randall, 1854; John Cheney, 1854; Harvey Mather, 1855; John Cheney, 1857; Harvey Mather, 1858; Simpson Price, 1860; Harvey Mather, 1861; Francis Baldwin, 1863; Harvey Mather, 1864; J. L. Axtens, 1866; John M. Blue, 1867; J. L. Axtens, 1869; William Miller, 1870; John M. Blue, 1872; L. P. Axtens, 1872; Harvev JVJather, 1875; C. W. Burgoon, 1875; H. M. Hall, 1878; C. W. Burgoon* 1878; H. M. Hall, 1881; C. W. Burgoon, 1881. VOTE FOR GOVERNOR. The full vote of Jackson at each gubernatorial electio n since the organ- ization of the township is hei'ewith pr^^sented: 1830 — Robert Lucas, 14; Duncan McArthur, 7: total, 21. 1832 — Robert Lucas, 26; Darius Lyman, 3; total, 29. 1834 — Robert Lucas, 1; James Finley, 16; total, 17. 1836 — Joseph Vance, 31; Eli Baldwin, 1; total, 32. 1838 — Joseph Vance , 14; Wilson Shannon, 16; total, 30. 1840— Thomas Corwin, 25; Wilson Shannon, 24; total, 49. [ 1842 — Thomas Corwin, 21; Wilson Shannon, 34; total 55. 1844— Mordecai Bartley, 23; David Tod, 33; total, 56. 1846— William Bebb, 18; David Tod, 35; total, 53. 1848— Seabury Ford, 20; John B. Weller, 38; total, 58. 486 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. 1850 — William Johnson, 24; Reuben Wood, 45; total, 69. 1851 — Samuel F. Vinton, 24; Reuben Wood, 53; total, 77. 1853 — Nelson Barrere, 25; William Medill, 47; Samuel Lewis, 19; to- tal, 91. 1855— Salmon P. Chase, 52; William Medill. 39; total, 91. 1S57 — Salmon P. Chase, 44; Henry B. Payne, 59; Lotal, 103. 1859 — William Dennison, 58; Rufus P. Ranuey, 55; total, 113. 1861— David Tod, 68; H. J. Jewett, 67; total, 135. 1863— John Brough, 80; C. L. Vallandigham, 66; total, 146. 1865— J. D. Cox. 79; George W. Morgan, 74; total, 153. 1867— R. B.Hayes, 80; Allen G. Thurman, 93; total, 173. 1869— R. B. Hayes, 74; George H. Pendleton, 92; total, 166. 1871— E. F. Noyes, 98: George W. McCook, 89; total, 187. 1873— E. F. Noyes, 93; William Allen, 92; I. C. Collins, 2; Gideon Stewart, 3; total, 190. 1875— William Allen, 112; R. B. Hayes, 103; Jay Odell, 8; total, 228. 1877— William H. West, 126; R. M. Bishop, 122; total, 248. 1879— Charles Foster, 138; Thomas Ewing, 150; G. T. Stewart, 11; to- tal, 299. 1881 — Charles Foster, 130; John W. Bookwalter, 13 <; A. R. Ludlow, 17; total, 284. SURVEYS. The original surveys of land in the township and the original proprietors are as follows: John Williams, No. 3,473, 400 acres, surveyed August 15, 1831, by Cadwallader Wallace: Maria Bell and William Bernard Scott, No. 4,569, 500 acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, April 14, 1822; John Woodsides, No. 7,863, 100 acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, May 3, 1824; William Conner, No. 7,863, 100 acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, May 3, 1824; Ann Gholson, No. 9,898, 800 acres, sur- veyed January 8, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; John Swan, No. 9,898, 200 acres, surveyed January 8, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; Peyton Mason, No. 9,899, 833 J acres, surveyed January 9, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; John Swan, No. 9,899, 166| acres, surveyed January 9, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; James Neilson, as- signee, No. 9,900, 1,000 acres (partly in Marion County), surveyed November 18, 1821, by Thomas J. McArthur; Edward Stubbleiield, assignee, Nos. 9,901 and 10,780, 1,299| acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, September 3, 1821; Thomas Miller, assignee, No. 9,909, 1,000 acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, May 8, 1822; John Swan, No. 9,920, 1,000 acres, surveyed by Samuel Forrer, January 5, 1820; Nathaniel Triplett, No. 9,921, 400 acres, surveyed by Samuel Forrer, January 15, 1820; George Weedon, No. 9,921, 600 acres, surveyed by Samuel Forrer, January 15, 1820; John Blackwell, Jr., James Taylor and Alexander Breckenridge, No. 9,922, 1,000 acres, surveyed by Samuel Forrer, January 17, 1820; Edward Smith, No. 9,940, 400 acres, surveyed October 16, 1830, by E. P. Kendrick; Francis Muir, No. 9,941, 533^ acres, (partly in Marion County) surveyed January 22, 1820, by Samuel For- rer; John Swan, No. 9,941, 266 1 acres (partly in Marion County), surveyed January 22, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; Phineas Sanburn, No. 9,911, 200 acres (partly in Marion County), surveyed January 22, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; Mayo Carrington, No. 9,942, 277^ acres, surveyed January 23, 1820, by Sam- uel Forrer; Abraham Buford, No. 9,942, 194 acres, surveyed January 23, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; James Taylor, David Stephenson and Anthony Sin- gleton, No. 9,943, 888 acres (partly in Marion County), surveyed January 24, 1820, by Samuel Forrer; representatives of Charles Pottertield, No. 9,944, 1,000 acres (partly in Marion County), surveyed January 24, 1820, by Samuel JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 487 Forrer; Alexander Drummond, No. 10, 193, 200 acres, surveyed by D. Thomas J. McArthnr, April 22, 1822; John Welch, No. 10,194, 200 acres, surveyed December 14, 1830, by E. P. Kendrick; Sawney Whistler, No. 10,195, 200 acres, surveyed December 14, 1830, by F. P. Kendrick; Lewis Fox, No. 10,196, 100 acres, surveyed December 14, 1830, by E. P. Kendrick; William Hook, No. 10,197, 100 acres, surveyed December 14, 1830; Cadwallader Wal- lace, John Watts, Clough Shelton, No. 10,240, 3,565 acres (mostly in Marion County), surveyed November 15, 1821, by Thomas J. McArthur; Nathaniel Sawyer, No. 10,408, 1,000 acres (partiy in Marion County), surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, November 17, 1821; Joshua Grist, Nos. 10,704 and 10,705, 2,000 acres, surveyed November 19, 1821, by Thomas' J. McArthur; Robert C Bruce, No. 11,043. 200 acres, surveyed by Thomas J. McArthur, Mav 5, 1824; Allen Latham, Nos. 11,099 and 13,766, 233^ acres, surveyed by E. P. Kendrick, May 14, 1836; Charles Harrison, No. 12,188, 509 acres, sur- veyed January 25, 1824, by Thomas J. IMcArthur; H. Bowman, No. 10,031, 1,(300 acres (mostly in Marion County); H. Pottins, No. 10,952, 50 acres; Joseph S. Watkins, No. 14,294, 75 acres, surveyed by E. P. Kendrick, April 30, 1839; James Taylor, No. 14,559, 45 acres, surveyed July 18, 1840, by James Taylor. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settler in the territory now comprised within Jackson Township was Benjamin Carter. He was born in Tennessee February 25, 1787; emi- grated to Ohio in 1805, and settled in Champaign County; he there married Mary Owen, January 24, 1812, and served a short time in the war that shortly ensued. He came with his family to Jackson Township, December 25, 1826, and purchased 160 acres in Survey No. 9,899, southwest from Essex, the place now owned by W. G. Cowgill. Mr. Carter was an industrious farmer, and spent the remainder of his life in clearing and cultivating his farm. He re- mained a life-long citizen of Jackson Township and died March 5, 1866; his wife, who was born in 1796, died in 1871. Their children are Worret O., a farmer, who married Polly Chapman in this township, removed to Lima, Ohio, and there died; Cyrus, a Methodist Protestant minister, married Eliza- beth Chapman, and is now preaching in the West; Ebenezer O. , who married Nancy Dysert, and was afterward accidentally drowned at Columbus; Levi, a farmer, who married Jane Jones, of this township, and died in the army; James a physician, married to Anice Pooler, of Broadway, now practicing at Lincoln, Neb. ; Sarah J., married to Hamilton Bigley, a Methodist Episcopal minister; and John P., who married Rosa Roberts. Harvey Moore, a young itnmarried man, accompanied Benjamin Carter to the township. He was born in this State in 1805; married Magdalena Ivans in 1833 and settled down to the occupation of a farmer. His wife was born in Wales in the year 1809 and died in 1878. Mr. Moore died in 1867. His children were Elizabeth, Margaret (Grant), Thomas, deceased, John, Magda- lena, Nancy (Aikens), Cyrus and Martha Ellen (Taylor). Ebenezer Cheney made the next settlement in this township. He was born in Harrison County, Va., January 15, 1777, and married Elizabeth Owen, who was also a native of Virginia. He emigrated to Champaign Coun- ty, Ohio, in 1807, and in 1827 settled in Jackson Township just south of Es- sex, now the W. Harriman place. Mr. Cheney was attracted to Jackson Town- ship by the game that abounded in the wilderness. He was passionately fond of hunting, and when not engaged with his farm duties was always traversing the forests, gun in hand. The route by which he, and Mr. Carter before him, reached their future homes, was by an Indian trail from Fulton Creek north 488 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. to Kusb Creek, which almost followed the line of the present pike. They came by ox team and often were obliged to stop and cat logs away in order that their team might pass. The cabins were raised by assistance obtained from far and near. The cabin of Ebenezer Cheney was built mostly by men from the Scioto River. The day was fixed for the raising, and as the dis- tance was considerable, the men threaded their way through the woods the even- ing before, in order to be on hand early in the morning. They built a large fire and camped on the spot, resting as best they could on heaps of brush. It was a jolly ci'owd of men which wooed sleep in vain, and at last abandoning all hope of slumber, the men rose and went to work by the fitful gleam of camp fire, and by daylight had the cabin erected as high as they could reach with uplifted hands. Mr. Cheney killed many deer and was also a noted beehun- ter. While engaged in his favorite pastime, he met with the misfortune of losing an eye by the brushing of a tree branch against his face. He died July 15, 1833. His wife preceded him to the grave five years. Their children were Keturah, who married David S. Allen, in Champaign County; Thomas; Mary, who married David Carr; Elizabeth, who was the wife of Tabor Ran- dall; John, a farmer, who died in this township; Francis, who died in Mar- ion County; William, now living near Lima, Allen County; and Jane, who died in this township. Thomas Cheney was born in Harrison County, Va., in 1804. He came with his father to this townshij^ in 1827, but soon after returned to Champaign County, where, in 1829, he married Martha Carr, who was born in Pennsyl- vania, in 1813. In 1829, they settled in Jackson Township, and Mr. Cheney became one of its prominent and respected citizens. He died Marchl 9, 18G5; his widow survives and is living at the residence of her son, Lorenzo Cheney, in this township. David S. Allen came with the Cheneys in 1827, and settled just west of Essex. He was born in Luzerne County, Penn.. November 23, 1799, and mar- ried Keturah Cheney, in Champaign County, Ohio, March 22, 1821. Mrs. Allen died here December 19, 1834. Their children were. Daniel, Elizabeth, Anna, Thomas, Matilda and Amy. Mr. Allen subsequently married Elizabeth Love, and in 1844 removed to Illinois, where he died March 17, 1865. Jacob Reed was born in Harrison County, Va., March 14, 1807. He came to Champaign County, Ohio, in 1825, and Aiigust 14, 1828, married Eliza- beth Cameron, who was born in Pennsylvania in March, 1809. In the fall of 1829, he came to this township and built himself a cabin about one and a half miles south of Essex, on what is now known as the W. W. Smith place. While thus engaged, he voted at the first election held in Jackson Township. Re- turning to Champaign Coiinty, he moved his family in the spring of 1830 to his new home, and there engaged in the arduous labors of a pioneer. His wife died in 1835. After following farming for a short time. Mr. Reed be- came a storekeeper at Essex. He sold out his store, and in 1851 emigrated to Mahaska County, Iowa, where he died in the spring of 1880. The permanent arrival of Joseph Cameron in the township also was in the year 1830. He accompanied his brother-in-law, Jacob Reed, to the site he had selected for his forest home in the fall of 1829, and likewise built him- self a cabin about three miles from Essex, and voted at the first election in Jackson To\vnship. He was born in Philadelphia County, Penn., in 1807, and four years later emigrated with his father, John Cameron, to Champaign County, and was there reared to manhood. He was married to Sarah Reed, March 26, 1829; she was born in Harrison County, Va.. in 1809. Mr. Cameron continued his residence in this township up to the date of his decease, which occurred in June, 1872. JACKSON TOWNSHir. 491 Samuel Sanders was born in Maryland in 1760. In 1785, he married Nancy lieed, who was born 1767. In 1830, they settled in Jackson Township about a mile north of Essex, where he died in 1840. His wife survived him five years. John Price settled about a mile north of Essex in 1830. He was born in Pennsylvania June 7, 1797, and April 20, 1824, married Phcebe Sanders, who was born November 15, 1802. Mr. Price died September 19, 1848; his wife August 25, 1854. Jacob Collins, in 1829 or 1830, built himself a cabin and cleared a little place about two and one-half miles west of Essex, on the farm since owned by A. R. "White. He was not the owner of the land, only a squatter. He also built a little blacksmith shop here and became the first blacksmith. When not engaged at the forge or anvil, he was generally hunting game, at which he was very succMssfui. He finally sold his squatter's claim to Ebenezer Davis, who afterward removed to Washington Township and left for parts unknown. David Carr was born in Bradford County, Penn.. in 1802, and emigrated to Champaign County, Ohio, with his father, Absalom Carr, in 1817. He mar- ried Mary Cheney February 22, 1826, and in 1831 came to this township and settled southeast of Essex, where he died May 1, 1874. Tabor Randall was born in Windsor County, Vt. , November 5, 1800, the son of Joshua and Keziah (Hawley ) Randall. They removed to Essex Coun- ty, N. Y., and thence Tabur emigrated with his father in 1818 to Franklin County, Ohio, coming by team, the only way then practicable. In his youth he became a school teacher. He taught a term in Mill Creek Township in 1825, and also taught in Jerome Township and in Morrow County. In August, 1831, Mr. Randall came to Jackson Township for the purpose of teaching a school. He married Elizabeth Cheney January 1, 1832, and settled on a little place west of Essex, lately owned by Harvey Moore. He remained here four years, farming in summer and teaching in winter. He then removed to the village of Essex and tended store for Jacob Reed about a year; and for William Wurl about th(! same length of time. He also taught school and farmed to some extent until 1854, when he was elected Clerk of the Court for Union County. He removed to Marysville and retained the office fifteen years. He has since served in different capacities at the Marysville court house and is to-day a valuable and eificient ofiicial. though he has years ago passed his allotted three-score years and ten. Jesse Bell was born in Pennsylvania August 15, 1801, and in 1822 mar- ried Margaret Sanders, who was born in 1804. In 1832, they settled in Jack- son Township and here Mr. Bell, besides farming, followed blacksmithing. In 1855, he removed with his family to Marion County, where he died in 1872. John Scott, who was originally from Pennsylvania, moved about 1830 to the place in the southern part of Jackson Township, now owned by Lorenzo Cheney. Ho was a zealous hunter and su.bsequently removed with his family to Van Wert County. Ira Bennett, about 1830, came from Franklin County and settled about two miles south of Essex. He remained only a few years and then moved West. Albert R. W^hite was born in Bradford County, Penn., August 12, 1801. He came with his parents to near Mill Grove, Warren Co., Ohio, in 1819, and the following year they moved to Brookville Township, Franklin Co., Ind. In a short time, Albert, in company with another young man, made a trip afoot to Pennsylvania. There, in Bradford County, in 1823, he married 492 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Anna Allen. They settled in Indiana, and in 1831 moved to Champaign County, Ohio, near Mechanicsburg. Two years later, they became residents of Jackson Township. Their children are Jesse A., Daniel A., David R. , Anna (Cheney), Olive, who married Charles Copeland, and Delilah, wife of Jonathan Williams. Mrs. White died in July, 1853; Mr. White is still liv- ing in the eighty-second year of his age. Jason Chapman was born in Frederick County, Va., April 13, 1793. He was married December 13, 1813, to Miss Sarah Nutter, who was born in 1797. In March, 1825, Mr. Chapman came to Ohio, and after spending two years in Jackson County removed to Champaign County, and there remained until 1833. In that year he made a journey to Jackson Township and built a cabin, and early in the following year moved into it with his family. His farm was located about a mile west of Essex, where his son Jason now re- sides. There was no clearing on the place when he came. He continued to live on this farm until his death, which occurred November 18, 1880. He was a stanch Whig and a leading member of the Methodist Protestant Church. During the war of 1812. he served eight months in the Northwest army under Gen. Harrison. He was present at the building of Ft. Meigs, and his only active service was in skirmishes with the Indians. Mrs. Chapman died in Au- gust, 1855. Of their eleven children, six died in jinfancy or youth; Joseph was killed in battle at Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863; John, Jason N. and Julia A. (Benedict) reside in Jackson; Mary, wife of Lincoln Davis, re- sides at Lima, Allen Co., Ohio. Michael Blue was born in Virginia in 1801. He was marx-ied November 20, 1820, to Eleanor Ai-ahood, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1802. They came with their families to Jackson Township in September, 1833, and set- tled a short distance northwest from Essex, on a farm of 150 acres, which Mr. Blue had purchased previous to his arrival, from Samuel R. Sanders. A slight improvement had been made on the place. He afterward increased the farm to 352 acres. Mr. Blue died in 1857; his wife survived until 1876. Southworth Mather was born in New Jersey, and when young moved with his father, Daniel Mather, to Virginia. Thence they came to Ohio. South- worth was married in Union Township, this county, to Philena Rice. About 1831, he removed with his wife and two children to Jackson Township, squat- ting on a piece of land about a mile west of Essex. He afterward purchased land in Washington Township and lived there for a time. He then removed with his family to Logan County and ultimately to Allamakee, Iowa, where he died. Mr. Mather was one of those restless border spirits, fond of hunting, and only content when dwelling on the extreme frontier. Increase Mather, his wife Anna (Conine), and children, came to Jackson from Allen Center in 1831. He was a brother to Southworth Mather, and re- sided in this township vintil his death in the winter of 1838. Mx's. Anna Ma- ther died in March, 1832, and Increase took for a second wife Sarah Dil- saver. By the first jnarriage there were five children, of whom Harvey, of Jackson, is the only survivor; by the second marriage there were three, two of whom are yet living. The foregoing names are believed to include all who were among the ear- liest settlers, up to about 1834-35. The following were residents of the town- ship in 1840, and probably all of them came some time between the years 1835 and 1840; Henry Bennett, Francis Baldwin, Ira Bennett, Jesse Bowen, John and Henry Baldwin, Benjamin Bradshaw. Daniel Bell, Michael Deck, John Dixon, Absalom Forbes, Samuel Grant, Jacob Honaker, Peter Hinkle, David Jones, William Lockhart, Hiram Keeler, George Kightliager, Samuel Mer- rit, Reuben Redding, Thomas Temple, Nicholas Van Buskirk, David Wash- burn, David, Dennis and Benjamin Welch. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 493 Only a brief mention is possible of these pioneers. The Temples and Merrits made the first permanent improvements in the western part of the township. Thomas Temple came about 1834-35 and settled in the wilderness where Joseph Temple now lives. His son, Joseph, soon after followed him and located on an adjoining place. Samuel Merrit came from the vicinity of Mechanicsbm-g. He always lived upon the farm he located, and died and was buried there. Michael Van Buskirk, in 1836-37, leased land from Mr. Merrit and occupied a cabin which stood near the site of the Disciple Church. He acquired no land here and changed his place of abode frequently. He died at Marion several years ago. Reuben Redding settled in the woods in the west- ern part of the township. He afterward removed to Marion County and there died. John Dixon, a Virginian, on his first arrival took a lease in the west- ern part of the township. He and his son John then purchased a little prop erty, and there he passed the remainder of his life. David Jones settled about a mile west of Essex. He died in the township. David AVashburn occu- pied a place for awhile in the same vicinity, then removed to another county. Jesse Bowen was born in Vii-ginia, six miles from Harper's Ferry, Decem- ber 18, 1805. When eight years old, he came with his father, Jonathan Bowon, to Ross County, Ohio. They had scarcely arrived when his father's team was impressed by the military to haul corn to Franklinton, Franklin County. About 1822, they came to Union County and settled on Mill Creek about three miles below Marysville. Jesse there married Susanna Spurgeon and in April, 1835, he removed to a farm of 150 acres, one and a half miles northeast of Essex, which he had purchased at Chillicothe from Allen G. Latham. At this time the eastern portion of Jackson Township was devoid of any settlements. Mr. Bowen is still a resident of the locality he first occu- pied forty -seven years ago. Also in April, 1835, Francis Baldwin came from Madison County and es- tablished himself in a wilderness home about one mile northeast from Essex. He spent the rest of his life here. John Baldwin and his son Henry settled in the north part of the township. Daniel Bell settled about a mile north of Essex on the Larne pike. In the northeast part of the township Samuel Grant was one of the ear- liest settlers. He came from Big Darby Creek and died here, within a few years of his arrival, of "milk sickness." This part of the township was very wet and marshy at first, and much sickness prevailed. Jacob Honaker settled in the same vicinity, first in Marion County and then in this township. He was from Virginia, and besides farming he followed gun- smithing, his trade. He died on his farm. Benjamin Bradshaw, also a Virginian, settled on the Grant farm and married Mrs. Ann E. Grant, the widow of Samuel Grant. Michael Deck, from the State of Virginia, came with Mr. Bradshaw and Mr. Honaker, and built his log cabin on a fifty- acre farm northeast from Essex, William Lockhart, from Greene County, settled on a farm soon after 1835, about two miles northeast of Essex. He died on the same place many years later. Dennis Welch, about 1835-36, settled on the site of Essex. He afterward removed to Van Wert County and died there. His brothers, David and Ben- jamin, were also early settlers of Jackson. Hiram Keeler, a Vermonter, set- tled just east of Essex. He lost his property by some means, and afterward purchased another home deeper in the wilderness. He is remembered as a veiy eccentric character. George Kightlinger and his brother Abraham in 1840, or shortly before, removed from Morrow County and settled near Essex. Afterward they went to iVIarion County. Peter Hinkle made the first im- provement in the southeast part of the township on the road leading east from 494 ' HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. the Richwood pike. He afterward removed to Mahaska Cvounty, Iowa. Ab- salom Forbes came an unmarried man from Marion County; here married Sarah Bhie, settled in the southern part of the township and a few years later emi- grated to Logan County, 111. Henry and Ira Bennett, from Licking County, settled in the southern part of the township. Henry died here and Ira re- moved to Paulding County. INDIANS. The Indians lingered among their hunting grounds in this vicinity until 1833. Traces of their former occupancy have been revealed in several burial grounds. On the farm of Jason Chapman, in a gravel bed situated between the road and the creek, six skeletons were dug up in 1834, and other evidences were discovered of an Indian camping place. On the farm settled by Joseph Cameron, now owned by W. F. Cheney, was a large mound which had served as an Indian gi-aveyard. The mound or knoll was composed of sand and gravel, and on the north, east and south rose rather abruptly, while on the west it sloped gradually to the loamy soil below. It covered perhaps two acres. When the gravel and sand was removed for roads and building purposes, a number of skeletons were exhumed. Arrows, beads and other trinkets were also discovered. The Indians w^ho inhabited this region were the Wyandots. They were expert bee-hunters. Ebenezer Cheney, while on a bee-hunting expedition, once found a large bee tree. The hive, however, was in an upper limb and inaccessible to him without chopping down the tree, which was the usual course adopted by white hunters. While debating in mind whether it would pay to fell the mammoth oak, an Indian hunter appi'oached and obligingly offered to prociu-e the honey for him. The offer was gladly accepted. The brave drew his tomahawk and felled a small sapling, so that its top fell against the lower branches of the bee tree. He ascended on this to the lower branch of the oak and then proceeded to cut and trim a limb with a hook at one end. He caught the hook in a limb overhead and climbed up to it hand over hand. Throwing away the hooked limb he cut off the branch contain- ing the honey. Then balancing himself, he leaped down to the lower limb and descended to the ground by the same means he had employed in ascend- ing. On another occasion an Indian appeared at the cabin of Ebenezer Cheney and desired to obtain a gun lock, to replace his own which was lost. He ex- changed a cotton shawl for one, and when he had finished hunting, returned to the cabin and wanted to " trade back." Only a daughter of Mr. Cheney was then present, and to the demand of the red man she exclaimed "no swap. " "Swap any how," said the hunter, and taking the shawl from the wall he drew down the gun-lock and strode out of the door. Miss Cheney, displeased with this procedure, set the dogs at the retreating Indian, but the boys working in the field and not knowing the cause of the disturbance, called them off. IMany of the Indians became Christianized. After the race had about disappeared from the township, an Indian minister, named Manonku, camped out in the woods, and while here attended a Methodist meeting, then in prog- ress, and at his own invitation participated in the religious exercises. When grain was first produced here, the only market for it was at Lake Erie. The only highways were mud roads. Wheat ranged in value from per- haps 60 to 75 cents per bushel, and the farmers usually teamed it to Port- land, taking from thirty to forty bushels at a load, and consuming an entire week in making the trip. David Price was the first shoe-maker in the township; Albert E. AVhite the second. The first blacksmith was Jesse Bell. The first marriage was JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 495 that of Tabor Randall to Elizabeth Cheney, January 1, 1832. The first child born in the township is said to have been Harvey Cameron, March 8, 1830. The first ground prepared for seed was dug by John Cheney with a mattock and sown in beets. Daniel A White brought the first tile into the township. Though Jackson was one of the last townships to be settled, milling facilities were no better for its pioneers when they came than they had been in earlier set- tled districts. It was not unusual for the first few families to unite and send a four-horse wagon filled with grain to mill near Mechanicsburg, thirty miles distant. After a few years, however, mills were built nearer home, and for awhile a mill on the Scioto at Millville, sixteen miles away, was patronized by this community. Within the limits of Jackson there have been no mills of note. It has, however, had several "corn-crackers" that were employed only in preparing coarse meal, and only then when the streams ran high. William Britt, about 1840, built a small grist and saw mill on Rush Creek, about a mile below Es sex, and operated it for a few years. Several years later, Warner Bridge con- structed a saw mill about two miles west of Essex, and soon after attached a small pair of buhrs, which, during high waters, were able to reduce grain to a coarse meal. A stationary steam saw mill was built at Essex by John^ B. Stout. Sprague & Hayes purchased it and added a grist mill. It is still in opera- tion. For a short time, a distillery was operated in connection with it. Jacob Collins, about 1838, operated a small horse mill about three miles west of Essex. It ground only corn. William Callahan, in Essex, owned and operated a saw and grist mill for some time, probably twelve years ago. EDUCATIONAL. Elizabeth Cheney taught the first school, in 1830 or 1831. It was a sum- mer school of three months' duration, and contained twelve or fifteen pupils. It was held in a log cabin, which stood on David Allen's farm. Tabor taught the next school, in the same house. He began the term in August, 1831. The pupils were David and Elizabeth Allen, Worret, Joseph and Ebenezer Carter, Frank and William Cheney, Simpson, Levina and Levi Price and a few others. At that time schools were not held in every settlement, and the pioneers sometimes sent their children to schools five or six miles distant. This schoolhouse was about fifteen by eighteen feet in size, built of logs, with clap- board roof, and the customary paper windows. Reading, writing and arith- metic were the branches taught; the text-books were Webster's Elementary Spelling Book and Pike's and Smiley' s Arithmetics. Mr. Randal next taught on the Francis Baldwin place, and elsewhere a little later. Thomas Cheney was the next teacher. His school was held in a new school building, some- what larger than the old, and provided with better accommodations. In the old log schoolhouse, just north of Essex, Keziah Jane Randal and Caleb Roberts were early teachers. There are now ten school districts in the town- ship. CHUECHE9. The pioneer religious society within the bounds of Jackson was a small Methodist Episcopal class, organized about 1830 at the cabin of Ebenezer Cheney. Prior to this date, two exhorters, Mr. McCorkle, an Irishman, and John Millise, a German, from near Mechanicsburg, held meetings here. 496 HISTORY OF UNION COUxNTY. which, though unattended by any conversions, left a good impression in the community. The class organized with Thomas Cheney as leader. It included the names of Ebenezer Cheney, Thomas Cheney and wife, Benjamin Carter and wife, Mary and David Carr, Jacob Reed and Joseph Cameron and wife. Some of these had been members of other Methodist congregations before their emigration to Jackson. Others joined it, without any religious experi- ence, from a desire to see the community, which they were forming, a Chris- tian one. Within a short time after the organization, regular services were held, once in two weeks, at Ebenezer Cheney's house, and afterward at the cabins of David Carr and others. Schoolhouses were then brought into requisition. The present church, situated on the Hamilton pike, about two miles southwest from Essex, is located on land donated to the chiirch by Jonathan W. Hedges. It cost about $1,040. Lorenzo Cheney, John W. Hedges and Daniel Herron were the heaviest contributors to its erection. Rev. Andrew J. Frisbie was pastor in charge at the time. It was dedicated by Rev. Samuel Roberts, then of Lima, Ohio. Rev. John Graham is the pres- ent pastor. The membership exceeds one hundred. A Sunday school was held in the schoolhouse before the church was built, and has been regularly maintained during the summers ever since. It has a membership of about sixty. The Essex Methodist Protestant Church was organized in 1840, by Rev. John Hunt, at the house of John Cheney. It started with only six members —-John Cheney and Sarah, his wife, Thomas Chapman and Hannah, his wife and David S. Allen and his wife Elizabeth. Services were continued at the residence of Mr. Cheney for a few years, and were then transferred to the Essex Schoolhouse. A log meeting house was built in 1846, on a lot situated just east of the present Essex Schoolhouse. It was donated to the church by Thomas Chapman. The church here erected was a large hewed- log buildings and the material was furnished, and the greater part of the labor performed, by the members. Thomas Chapman received, for finishing it, the sum of $00, which included the hardware bill. The congregation continued to worship in this church until 1809, when the present frame church was built. Its cost was about $1,400; the cost of the lot upon which it is erected, $100; and the cost of the bell, $125. It was dedicated in May, 1870, by Rev. J. H. Hamil- ton, of Tuscarawas County. The members who contributed most liberally to the new church were J. A. White, John Chapman, Rev. T. B. Cheney, D. A. White, D. R. White, Jason Chapman, George Temple, Jonathan Cheney, R. R. Randall and H. Roberts. The following list of pastors in charge of this church was prepared by two of the old and leading members, and is, perhaps, as free from errors as any list that can now be obtained: John Hunt, 1840-41; J. I. Devore and John Inskeep, 1841-42; J. I. Devore and O. P. Stephens, 1842-43; Revs. Edwards and O. P. Stephens, 1843-44, James Webster, 1844-45; Isaac Ens- minger, 1845-46; J. B. Peat, 1846-47; T. D. Howe, 1847-48; O. P. Stephens and J. M. Flood, 1848-49; J. M. Flood, 1849-51; O. P. Stephens, 1851-53; J. W. Giddings, 1853-54; W. B. Warrington, 1854-55; E. J. Winans and J. Kain, 1855-50; R. Hussey and T. T. Kendrick, 1856-58; O. P. Stephens and A. M. Ravenscraft, 1858-59; I. N. McVay and O. P. Stephens, 1859-01; W. B.Evans and George Brown, Jr., 1801-62; W. B. Evans, 1862-03; R. Hus- sey, 1803-04; Daniel Kinney, 1804-05; R. Hussey, 1805-00: Revs. McDon- nell and Stephens, 1806-57; J. M. Adams, 1867-69; J. W. Case, 1869-70: J. W. Shultz. 1870-73; A. M. Hall, 1873-74; A. M. Ravenscraft, 1874-75; W. S. Sansom, 1875-76; T. H. Wilson, 1876-77; T. B. Graham, 1877-79; J. W. Spring, 1879-81; C. Cadwallader, 1881-82. William Hamilton, of JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 497 (ylaibourne Township, was a local preacher of considerable note in early times. The church belonged to the Richwood Circuit till 1870, when it and the Davis church were united and denominated Rush Creek Circuit. In 1877, Rev. I. N. McVay conducted a revival, under the influence of which more than one hundred accessions were made to the church. The present membership' is about one hundred. A Sunday school was organized about 1842, by John Cheney and Margaret Chapman, in the Essex Schoolhouse. It was the first Sunday school ever held in the village, and for many years was under the control of no one denomi- nation, but was purely " union " in its character. It has been maintained every summer since. Mr. Cheney remained in charge till 18'49, when M. M. Camp became Superintendent. Under his guidance, the school was very successful and pi-osperous. Within a few years it has been under the management of the Methodist Protestant Chui'ch. Union Regular Baptist Church, located in the western part of Jackson Township, was organized a few years preceding the war of the rebellion, by Rev. Jacob Dye, with a membership of eleven. The earliest meetings were conducted in an old log schoolhouse, situated in Washington Township, for ten or twelve years, and then in the frame schoolhouse, which succeeded the log house, in the same district. About 1870, the church buildinof now in use was erected on a lot donated to the society by Joseph Temple. The cost of the edifice was about $1,000. The congregation has flourished and maintained a large and actve membership. A few years ago, a branch or arm was formed at Bell's Schoolhouse, north of Essex. A subscription paper was circulated, and a large fund secured for the erection of a house of worship in that vicin- ity, but there are no present prospects that this will be done soon, and it now seems probable that all the members of the branch will return to the parent church, as many of them have already done. Rev. David Thomas is the pres- ent pastor. A Sunday school is one of the leading features of Christian work in this society. It is held only during the summer. The Rush Creek Christian, or Disciple, Chui'ch was organized June 18, 1865, by Rev. Michael Riddle. The first members were John Stanard, Joseph Cameron, Sarah Cameron, William Allen, William Sprague, W. D. Cameron, Ann G. Sprague, Mary Burnett, Temperance Osborne, Catharine Chambers, Jane Blue, Mary Bailey, Susan and George W. McLain, Shannon Bailey, Abraham McLain, James Stanard, John Bazard, Eliza and Elizabeth Price, Anthem Bailey, Benjamin Temple, Sarah Smith, Elenora L. Cheney, Sarah A. Allen, Lucretia Price, Jane Stanard, M. M. Stanard and Phoebe Merrit. John Stanard and William H. Allen were elected the first Elders; G. W. McLain first Deacon; and W. D. Cameron and Shannon Bailey, Assistant Deacons. Subsequent Elders have been William D. Cameron, G. W. Merrit, J. M. Blue, T. W. Bridge and Joseph Price; Deacons, Thomas L. Poulk,. Emery P. Bridges, John M. Blue, John Moore and Frank Cameron. The meetings were held in a schoolhouse until 1875. A frame church was then erected. It is 38x45 in size, and cost about $2,200. It contains a gallery and a reception room, is surmounted by a belfry and bell, and is finely furnished. Taken all in all, it ranks among the finest country churches. The building was dedicated by Rev. W^illiam Dowling, then of Kenton, Ohio. Rev. Dana Call was the pastor in charge during its erection. Other recent ministers are Revs. John Stanard, G. W. Kline and R. T. Davies. At present the society has no ; regular minister. The membership includes 108 souls. A Sunday school is in operation during pleasant weather. A noted revival occurred in 1856, which is usually referred to as the "Wiley Schoolhouse Meeting." It began with a little Methodist prayer meet- 498 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ing, conducted in Wiley's Schoolhouse, Claibourne Township. The meetings increased in interest, under the preaching of Rev. William Boggs, and were transferred to the Swartz Schoolhouse, in this township, where the Methodist Episcopal society then held services. Again the place of meeting was changed; this time to Essex, where, night after night, for weeks, the meeting house was filled to overflowing, and between one and two hundred conversions professed. Among the number were five young men, who afterward became ministers of the Gospel, viz., Hamilton J. Bigley, Ebenezer Cheney, Thomas B. Cheney, Thomas J. Mather and David Wynegar, the latter of Claibourne Township. At Essex, the meetings were conducted jointly by the Methodist Episcopal and the Methodist Protestant societies, and large accessions were made to both churches. The first biu-ial-place was on the farm of Ebenezer Cheney. In 1828, only three families resided in the township, and that year each family lost a member. The first death was tbat of little Johnnie Carter, the son of Benja- min Carter. Mary Allen and Elizabeth Cheney were the other two victims of the fell destroyer. All three were buried on the farm of Ebenezer Cheney. This graveyard is still small, but has been used, to some extent, ever since it was first dedicated to this sacred purpose. Price's Cemetery, about a mile north of Essex, is the largest, and the one most generally used. It is finely located on rolling ground. There are, besides these, several private burying- grounds within the limits of the township. ESSEX. The village of Essex was surveyed September 2, 1836, by William C. Lawrence, Deputy Smweyor, for John Cheney, the proprietor. The lots were forty in number. The streets running east and west were named Water and Essex; those running north and south. Mulberry and Marion. At the time the village was platted, it was hoped by those interested in its welfare that a new county would be formed, and Essex made the seat of justice. Some efforts were put forth for the accomplishment of ihis enterprise, and the expecta- tion of success was given circulation, but had little effect in building uj) the village. For a year or two no houses were erected. Dr. David Welch is said to have built the first cabin, about 1838. The name of the village was selected by the surveyor, at the request of the proprietor. Tabor Randall was the first Postmaster, the office taking the name of Rush Creek. M. M. Camp suc- ceeded him in the office. Subsequent Postmasters have been Sidney Hogden, John A. Peasley, Richard Davis, S. E. Williams and Richai'd Davis again, the present incumbent. The first store consisted of a few goods sent to the place by L. H. Hastings, then a merchant of Richwood. It was placed under the management of Thomas Cheney, and continued eighteen months. James Stout was the next merchant; Jacob Reed followed; then William Wurl, Camp & Search and others. For a time, two stores of general merchandise were in operation; at present there is but one, conducted by Richard Davis. There is also a grocery, owned by Cheney & Hoffman, the flour and saw mill of W. A. Hall & Son, a blacksmith shop, a repair shop and a shoe shop. The population consists of sixteen families; formerly there was a larger nitmber. Early mechanics in the village were Jacob Honaker, a gunsmith and black smith, and Absalom Carr, a wagon-maker. Lewis Hack, the son in-law of Dr. Welch, was engaged for some time in making potash. Dr. David Welch was well advanced in life when he settled at Essex. After a practice of perhaps fifteen years, he retired. Dr. S. E. Williams, hailing from Licking County, located in the village in 1848, and has been in continuous practice since. Drs. Virgil Anderson and J. C. Corruthers each i-z-f-'-s^-^-" JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 501 had an office for a short time. Dr. P. W. Lee practiced for about two years during the war. Dr. G. J. Skidmore, in 1882, terminated a practice of seven or eight years in Essex, by removing to Pharisburg. Several other physi- cians have transiently stopped at the village in quest of a good location, but their stay was usually of brief duration. Dr. Williams is now the only resi- dent practitioner in the township. Dennis Welch taught one of the first schools in the village. For a num- ber of years, the youth of Essex received their instruction in the districts to the east and west of the village. A schoolhouse was then built. Tabor Ran- dall, Margaret Chapman, Peter Smith, Jesse A. White and Caleb Roberts were early teachers. Rush Creek Lodge, No. 629, I. O. O. F. , was instituted at Essex June 20, 1876, with sixteen members, viz. : E. L. Randall, S. H. Grant, G. S. Robertson, M. M. Mather, D. D. Mather, J. D. Mather, Levin Price, Levi Roseberry, Asbury Cheney, E. D. Horton, Richard Davis, Philip Bender, Simpson Price, C. W. Burgoon, John Price and John Vestal. The first officers were M. M. Mather. N. G. ; E. L. Randall, V. G. ; Levi Roseberry, Sec. ; R. Davis, Per. Sec. ; P. Bender, Treasurer. The hall in which the lodge conducts its meetings was built during the autumn of 1875, by a joint-stock company, in anticipation of the organization of the lodge. It cost about $500. The shares were purchased, from time to time, by the Jodge until it acquired the sole ownership of the hall. Meetings are held every Saturday night. The present membership is fifty-two; the present officers are J. D. White, N. G. ; D. D. Mather, V. G.; Jonathan Cheney, Sec; C. W. Burgoon, Per. Sec; E. D. Horton, Treasurer. Rush Creek Grange, No. 710, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized at Essex in the spring of 1874. It continued in active operation only a few years. Woodland is a post office and a station, in the northeastern corner of the township, on the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad. It contains a large planing mill, operated by Henry Hazen, and a store, started about 1866, and still owned by Ed Hazen. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MRS. ANTHEM BAILEY, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born January 27, 1842, in Morrow County, Ohio. Her parents were Nathan and Eleanor Chirk, natives of the Empire Slate. On November 1, 1860, in Delaware County, Ohio, she married David Har- den, with whom she came to Jackson Township, this county. He was a son of Isaac and Lydia Harden, and by her there was an issue of four children — Josephine, Clara J., Charles E. and William N. He died in August, 1867, and September 2, 1869, she was united in marriage with Manoah Blue, son of Michael and Ellen Blue, early settlers of this county. To them were born four children, of whom two are now living, viz.: Cora E. and Elva A. He departed this life in March, 1881, and in November, 1881, she was again married, this time to Mr. Anthem Bailey, who was born in this county in March, 1845. His parents were Edward and Mary Bailey, who also were among the early settlers of Union County. Our subject is a lady of rare intelligence and of a social, conversational disposition. She is esteemed by all, and is the owner of 100 acres of valuable land. JOHN B. BENEDICT (deceased) was born in October, 1820, in Herkimer County, N. Y. His parents were Jeremiah and Elizabeth Benedict, with whom, when a child, he came to Champaign County, Ohio, where they remained till their decease. On March 4, 1843, in Union County, he married Miss Julia A. Chapman, who was born in Harrison County, Va., February 22, 1822. She was a daughter of Jason and Sarah Chapman. By this union there has been an issue of four children — Sarah M., William H., Mary E. and Arthur F. About the year 1846, he settled in Jackson Township, where his widow now resides. Having settled in the woods like all early settlers, he endured many hardships and self-denials. In September 1861, he enlisted in the Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry and subsequently saw considerable active service. He died in March, 1862, at Lebanon, Ky., having succumbed to the dreaded typhoid fever. He was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church, and his widow is also a member of the same denomination. In his death, Jackson Township lost an upi'ight man and 27 502 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY^ worthy citizen. Mrs. Benedict, who is now more than sixty years of age, is a lady of intelli- gence, and is very active for one of her age. COLUMBUS W. BURGOON, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born November 15, 1837, in Knox County, in this State. He is a son of Upton W. and Mary (Lash) Burgoon, his father a native of Germany and his mother of North Carolina. In 1854, with his parents, he came to Claibourne Township, this county ; he received a liberal English education, and for several years taught school. On July 27, 1862, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah M. Benedict, who was born March 6, 1846 ; she is a daughter of .John B. Benedict (deceased) and Julia A. Ben- edict, of whom we have made mention in this work. To them have been born three children — Wilson S., born June 5, 1868 ; Annie E., born November 4, 1870, and Clara E. (deceased). In April, 1861, he enlisted in the Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, being a resident of Illinois at that time. His regiment operated principally in Missouri and Kentucky, and he continued in the service until the following September. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township, and at present officiates as Justice of the Peace. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and F. & A. M. fraternities. JOSEPH CAMERON (deceased). Among the pioneers of Union County there are none whose memory is more worthy of perpetuation in the history of our county than the subject of this sketch. He was born in Pennsylvania January 3, 1807, and was a son of John andDorotha Cameron. His father and two brothers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. On March 26, 1829, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Reed, who was born April, 1809, in Virginia. She was a daughter of Jesse Reed, a soldier of the war of 1812, and Christiana Reed. When nine- teen years of age, accompanied with her two brothers, Jacob acd William Reed, she rode on horseback a distance of 250 miles, from Virginia to Champaign County, Ohio, where, in the fol- lowing spring, she wedded our subject. By this union there has been an issue of thirteen children, seven of whom are now living, viz., Erastus R., Eliza 0., Elvira M., William D., Jesse L., Frank M. and Carrie ; Harvey A. (deceased), one of their sons, was a soldier in the late war of the rebellion, and the first white child born in Jackson Township. In 1830, they came to Union County and located in the southern portion of Jackson Township, until 1852,. when they settled where the widow now resides. Our subject had seen much of pioneer life, and endured many hardships and trials. It is said that the first public prayer in Jackson Township was offered in his cabin home in the southern portion of the township. He was deeply imbued with the spirit of uprightness and Christianity, having been a zealous member of the Christian Church, wiih which denomination he also officiated as local preacher. After devoting a life of usefulness to both church and State he quietly and peacefully, on June 20, 1872, passed away. By his death, his ftxraily lost a faithful husband and father, and Union County one of her best citizens. He left to his widow, now in her seventy-fourth year, eighty-seven acres of land. JAMES CHAMBERS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, Au- gust 29, 1828. His parents were John and Elizabeth Chambers, natives of Ireland, who emi- grated to America about the year 1801, and for a short period located in Pennsylvania. They subsequently came to Fairfield County, Ohio, where they settled and remained until their de- cease. Of their family of five children, four are now living, viz.: James, Alexander, John and William. On November 80, 1852, in Hocking County — formerly Fairfield County — he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Brown. She was a daughter of John and Mary A. Brown, of Hocking County. To them were born fourteen children, twelve of whom are now living, viz.: George A., Emma A., Mary L., Viola C , Ida E., Inez L., Myrta E., John W., Ed- ward F., Edwin F., Oliver L. and Edith A. In 1859, with his family, Mr. Chambers came from Hocking to Union County and located in Claibourne Township until the spring of 1869, at which time he came to Jackson Township and settled where he now resides. He is the owner of 100 acres of tillable land, and an ardent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN (^'HAPMAN, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born November 5, 1816, in Harrison County, Va. His parents were .Jason and Sarah Chapman, and with them, when twelve years of age, he came to Champaign County, Ohio, where they located a few years. In 1834, they came to Union County and settled in Jackson Township. Two sons and two daughters, viz., John, Mary, Julia A. and Jason N., are all that remain of his father's femily often children. In November, 1836, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Dysert, daughter of John and Mary Dysert. By this union there has been an issue of ten children — Joseph H., Jason D., John W., Mary A., Thomas, Francis M., Lorenzo C, Sanford F., Sarah E. and Amanda (deceased). Having lived a quarter of a century, with his faithful consort, and enjoyed the comforts of wed- ded life, in December, 1861, she peacefully passed away. In March, 1863, he married Rebecca Wade, daughter of Garland AVade, and with her he lived until June, 1882, when she, too, depart- ed this life. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township, is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church and of the F. & A. M. society, and the owner of 230 acres of land in a fine state of cultivation. JOHN W. CHAPMAN, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch was born October 29, 1842, in Jackson Township, Union County, this State. He is a son of John and Elizabeth (deceased) Chapman, of whom we have made mention in this work. From his youth up, he has devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits. In September, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and subsequently was engaged in JACKSON TOWNSHIP, 503 the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Goldsboro, Kenesaw Mountain and many other minor engagements and skirmishes. He continued in the fervice until June, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. In March, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Munson, daughter of Theodore and Hester Munson, of Claibourne Township, this county. By her he had one child — John T. She departed this life in October, 1878, and in September, 1880, he was married to Miss Maggie Berry, daughter of Jacob and Hannah Berry. This union has been blessed with one child — Sumner G. Mr. Chapman is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church and of the F. & A. M. society. He is the owner of ninety-eight acres of land in a good state of cultivation, and resides in the northern portion of Jackson Township. JASON N. CHAPMAN, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, son of Jason and Sarah Chapman, was born April 10, 1842, in Union County, this State. In his youth he received a fair English edu- cation, and for perhaps one year taught a district school. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was attached to the Army of the Cumberland. He participated in numerous battles and engagements, some of the principal ones of which were Perryville, Franklin and Shelby ville, was in Sherman's grand march to the sea, and at the siege of Savannah, and the surrender of the confederate Gen. Joe Johnston's army. He was honorably dischai'ged in June, 1865. In 1866, he married Miss Mary 0. Hodgden, a lady of rare intelligence, born October 14, 1849, in Delaware County. She is a daughter of Charles Hodgden (deceased) and Annie Hodgden. To them have been born four children — Annie F., born April 4, 1867 ; Minnie E., born July 31, 1869 ; Earl, born October 15, 1876 ; and Clyde (deceased). Mr. and Mrs. Chapman are both members of the Methodist Protestant Church, and honored members of the society. He is also a menber of the F. & A. M. society, and the owner of 100 acres of land. LORENZO CHENEY, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. Thomas Cheney (deceased), a pioneer and the father of the subject of this sketch, was born May 3, 1804, in Virginia. His parents were Ebenezer and Elizabeth Cheney. When four years of age, with them he came to Champaign County, Ohio, where they located until about 1826, when they came to Union County. In March, 1829, he married Martha Carr, who was born May 16, 1813, in Pennsylvania. She was a daughter of Absalom and Dorcas Carr, with whom, when four years of age, she came to Cham- paign County, this State. To them were born fourteen children, of whom seven are now living, viz.: Lorenzo, Absalom, Asbury, Dorcas, Mary J., Emily E. and Christiana. In 1829, he set- tled near where our subject now resides. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and departed this life in March, 1865. Our subject was born September 27, 1831, in Jackson Township, this county. He was reared amid the scenes of pioneer life, and received a commoa school education. On February 27, 1859, he was united in marriage with Miss AnnaM. White, an estimable lady, born October 9, 1837, and daughter of Albert R. amd Amy (deceased). White. This union has been blessed with eight children, viz.: Charles S., Eva, Elva, Martha, Alona, Wesley G., Sylvester S., and Rush. Mr. Cheney is at present serving his fourth year as Treasurer of Jackson Township. In October, 1872, he was elected a County Commissioner and entered into the duties of this office on the first day of January following, and served three years. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the owner of 671 acres of land, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. society. He is recognized as one of the lead- ing, substantial agriculturists of Union County. GEORGE W. COWGILL (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Ross County, this State, July 14, 1811. His parents were Alexander and Mary Cowgill. When about fifteen' years of age with his father, he came to Union County, and settled in Leesburg Township, near what is now known as Magnetic Springs. In 1835, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan Smart, by whom he had five children, three now living, viz.: Isaac, Sarah and Martha. Short- ly after, he purchased a farm of 2C0 acres, on Fulton Creek, in Claibourne Township, on whichi farm he resided until 1876, in which year he moved to Jackson Township, where his family now resides. Just when life was becoming pleasant, he was called upon to part with the companion of his youth, leaving him with several small children. In March, 1849, he was again married, to Mrs. Elizabeih Robinson, widow of the late J. Robinson of Logan County. By her he had four children, of whom three are now living, viz.: Marian, Reuben and George W. Mr. Cow- gill was taken sick in church on Monday evening .January 10, 1881 — he was stricken down, as it were, almost in a moment, and was carried home only to die on the following day, Janu- ary 11, 1881. All was done for him that loving hearts and friends could do, but he lingered only about twenty-three hours, when his spirit took its flight. He had been a zealous member of the Christian Church for thirty years, and from the time of uniting with the church, until the day of his death, he lived a consistent Christian life. He had been a member of the Mason- ic fraternity at Richwood, for many years. During his last hours his brother masons afforded him all the aid in their power, nnd when life had fled they interred his remains in accordance with the usages of the order. The funeral sermon was preached by the Rev. Williams of New- ton, this county, to a large and sympathetic audience, after which his remains were interred in the Bethlehem cemetery. He was a loving father; a good and obliging neighbor, and respected by all who knew him. Thus passed away one of Union County's early pioneers. His bereaved widow resides at the home of one of her sons in Jackson Township. George W. one of the sons 504 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. of our subject was born in September, 1854, in this county. In April, 1881, he married Miss Inez Harraman, daughter of Lafayette and Martha Harraman of Marion County. They have one child Ira E. Reuben Cowgill, brother of the above, was born in Union County, April 18, 1852. He was reared to man's estate on a farm. In July, 1875, he married .Josephine Ilurd, daughter of William Hurd (deceased) and .Jane Ilurd, now Mrs. Abraham Linsley of Summers- ville, this county. They have one child — George VV. He owns fifty-six acres of land well culti- vated. liEONARD DAUM, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Ger- many, in March, 1838. He is a son of Simeon and Catherine Daum. When eighteen years of age, he emigrated to America, and by way of New York came to Ohio. In his youth he learned the trade of shoe-making, which he followed several years. In May, 1858, at Marys- ville, this county, he married Catherine Hachendorfer, by whom he had six children, five now living, viz.: Mary M., Barbara' M., Peter G., John S. and Elizabeth. In 1872, with his family he settled in Jackson Township, where he now resides. He is a member of the German Lutheran Church, and the owner of 224 acres of land. RICHARD DAVIS, merchant, P.O. Rush Creek. Richard Davis the leading merchant of Es- sex, this county, was born May 10, 1828, in Delaware County, Ohio. His parents were John R. and Margaret Davis. In his youth he received a fair English education and for about four terms taught school. On June 1, 1851, he married in Union County, Miss Euphronius R. Swarts, daughter of William and Nancy Swarts. For several years prior to entering the mer- cantile business, he was engaged in agricultural pursuits. He deals in general merchandise and dry goods, and since 1870, has served as Postmaster. Mr. Davis has established a good patronage, being courteous and obliging to his customers. Mr. and Mrs. Davis were the parents of eleven children, of whom six are now living, viz.: Arthela A., Ethalynda 0., Edith E., Rua v., Ora I. and Richard M. They are both active and useful members of society. Mr. Davis is a member of the I O. 0. F. lodge, and of the M. P. Church. He has served as Trustee, Clerk and Treasurer of Jackson Township. JOSEPH B. DECKER, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born March 16, 1852, in Marion County, this State. He is a son of John and Elizabeth Decker, of Marion County. His parents have eight children — Elizabeth 0., Lucinda J., Joseph B., James F., AVilliara A., John A., Mary 0. and Amanda E. His father has served as Trustee and Justice of the Peace in Pleasant Town- ship, Marion County, and is of high standing in the community where he resides. Our subject, in his youth, received a common school education. On December 10, 1873, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary M. Brown, who was born March 24, 1853, in Marion County. Her parents were James M. and Sarah Brown. This union has been blessed with one child, viz.: Emmet G., born October 18, 1874. In the spring of 1879, Mr. Decker came from Marion County to Jackson Township, this county. He is the owner of 100 acres of land in a good state of cul- tivation. JOHN R. DIXON, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born August 12, 1827, in Virginia. His parents were John and Frances Dixon, with whom, in the spring of 1839, he came from Ross County, Ohio, to Union County, and settled in Jackson Township, where they remained until their decease. Of a family of twelve children, six are now living — Lucy A., Elizabeth, Frances, Martha J., Nancy A. and .John R. In October, 1854, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Sabria V. White, who was born in October, 1829, in New York State. When three years of age, with her parents, Paul and Mary White, she came to Portage County, Ohio, and subse- quently to Marion County. This union has been blessed with nine children, six of whom are now living, viz.: .James F., Lucy F., Susan A., Philip T. M., Olive .J. and Nancy E. Mr. Dixon has seen much of pioneer life, having settled, comparatively speaking, in the woods. For twelve years he has served as Assessor of Jackson Township, and, in 1880, was appointed Enumerator of the Census in his township. He is the owner of fifty acres of land in a good state of cul- tivation. JAMES M. DUTTON, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch was born November 26, 1837, in Marion County, Ohio. His parents were David and Sarah A. Dutton, natives of Delaware, who came to Marion County at quite an early day. Our subject, in his youth, was trained to tne pursuits of farming, and received the rudiments of an English education in a district school. He was married, in Marion County, Ohio, to Miss Helen Keeler, who was born January 20, 1835. She was a daughter of Hiram and Velina Keeler, both de- ceased, of Jackson Township. This union has been blessed with three children, viz.: William R., born June 18, 1801; Ada M., born November 20, 1862, and Sarah B., born September 9, 1864. In the spring of 1876, from Marion County, with his family, he came to Jackson Town- ship, this county. He is the owner of forty-one acres of tillable land, in the northern portion of the township. JAMES L. FISH, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born November 6, 1847, in Mill Creek Township, Union County, Ohio. His parents are Cornelius E. and Elizabeth R. Fish. He was reared to manhood on a farm and received the rudiments of an English education in a dis- trict school. On November 16, 1872, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan McElroy, who was born April 3, 1845, in Ireland. She is a daughter of William McElroy (deceased) and JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 505 Elizabeth McElroy. When a child, with her parents she came to America, and by way of New York came to Union County, this State. Their union has been blessed with three children — Wash- tella, born November 6, 1873; Carrie E., born January 10, 1876; and Chauncey C, born March 25, 1881, Mr. Fish is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the I. 0. 0. F. lodge, and the owner of 100 acres of land. He resides in the southern portion of Jackson Township. WILLI AxM A. GODFREY, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born February 27, 1844, in Ross County, Ohio. His parents were Isaac Godfrey, a native of Maryland, and Elizabeth Godfrey. In 1854, with his father, his mother having died, and other members of the family, he came to Jackson Township, this county. Of a family of nine children, lour are yet living, viz.: Nancy, Mahala, Annie and our subject, who is the youngest child. On May 3, 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Melissa Austin, daughter of Mark and Cynthia Austin. By this union there has been an issue of three children, two of whom are now living — Chauncy, born September 18, 1875; Nellie, born August 12, 1877; and Eugene (deceased). In August, 1864, he en- listed in the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and subsequently par- ticipated in the battle of the Cedars, Kingston, N. C, and the burning and evacuation of Deca- tur, Ala. He was honorably discharged in June, 1865. Mr. Godfrey is a member of the Bap- tist Church and the owner of fifty-two acres of land. He resides in the northern portion of Jackson Townthip. JOSEPH J. GOLDSMITH, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born July 1, 1828, in Franklin County, Ohio. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth Goldsmith, his father a native of Ken- tucky and his mother of Ireland. When two years of age, with her parents, his mother emi- grated to America and settled in Pennsylvania, where she married a Mr. Chambers, by whom she had two children, both of them now deceased, and with him she came to Franklin County, where he died. She here married, after the decease of Mr. Chambers, Thomas Goldsmith, father of our subject. To them were born seven children, five of whom are now living. Thomas Goldsmith was born in Kentucky, and, when a young man, with his parents went to Virginia. He came t3 Franklin County a short time prior to the breaking out of the war of 1812. Our subject was reared in Franklin County, where, in August, 1848, he married Miss Eliza A. Thompson, daughter of William Thompson, a native of Scotland, and Susannah Thompson. This union has been blessed with six children, two of whom are now living, viz.: William C. and Oliver H. In the fall of 1853, he came to Union County, and, after living in diflferent parts of which, he finally, in the spring of 1881, settled in the southern portion of Jackson Township. He has served as Treasurer of York Township and Trustee of Claibourne Township. He is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church and of the I. 0. 0. F. lodge, and owns fifty-one acres of land. WATSON A. HALL, miller,P. 0. Rush Creek, was born in Portage County, Ohio, January 10, 1839. He is a son of Henderson Hall, deceased, and Mary Hall, now of Delaware County. When five years old, with his parents, he went to Delaware County, where he married, in March, 1859, Miss Eliza J. Farver, daughter of Nelson and Eliza J. Farver, by whom he has one child, viz.: Aimer E. For twenty-two years Mr. Hall has been quite successfully engaged in the saw and grist-milling business. He remained in Delaware County until the spring ol 1881, at which time he came to Essex, this county. In August, 1862, he enlisted, in Delaware County, in the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the battles of Haines' Bluff, Arkansas Post, and the siege of Vicksburg, and received an honorable discharge in July, 1865. He is of an active, stirring business disposition, and a respected member of society. HENRY M. HALL, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Franklin County, Ohio, September 11, 1846. He is a son of John and Keturah Hall, of Frank- lin County. In his youth he received a liberal English education. On December 28, 1870, in Franklin County, he married Miss Frances I. Walton, who was born October 1, 1849; she is a daughter of Gideon and Rebecca Walton, of Franklin County. To them have been born four children, viz.: Charles M., born May 30, 1873; John J., born April 28, 1875; Martha R., born July 31, 1879, and Josephine, born August 9, 1881. In the fall of 1875, he came to Union County and settled in Jackson Township. He is the owner of fifty-five acres of land, and is serving his second term as Justice of the Peace. As an agriculturist, Mr. Hall is meeting with success. GEORGE W. HANDLEY, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. This venerable citizen of Jackson Township was born June 14, 1814, in Loudoun County, Va. He is a son of Daniel and Annie Handley, and when about five years of age, his father died. When twelve years old, with his mother and several other members of the family, he cime to Licking County, Ohio. From his youth up he has devoted his attention to farming, and received but a rudimentary education. On December 8, 1836, in Perry County, he was united in marriage to Miss Catharine Buj h, who was born July 1, 1818. She was a daughter of Israel and Amelia Bugh, early settlers of Perry County. To them have been born ten children, seven of whom are now living, viz.: John T., Eliza J., Melinda C, Amelia A., Martha E., George V. and Martin. The names of the deceased are Mary F., David E. and William H., In the spring of 1875, with his family, from Lick- ing County, Mr. Handley came to Claibourne Township, this county, and located in said town- 506 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. sliip until the spring of 1882, when he came to Jackson Township, where he now resides. He is the owner of 113 acres of land in a high state of cultivation. GEORGE B. HAND LEY, farmer, P. 0. Rich wood. The subject of this sketch a young agriculturist of Jackson Township, was born July 11, 1856, in Licking County, Ohio. He is a son of George W. and C.itherine Handley, whose sketch appears in this work. He was reared to manhood on a farm and received a common school education. On March 2, 1882, he was united in marriige to Miss Eva Cheney, daughter of Lorenzo and Anna M. Cheney, of whom we have also m\de mention in this work. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge, No. 71 , at Richwood, and of the Fourteenth Ohio National Guard Regimental Band, and the owner of seventy acres of land. WINGET HARRAMAN, farmer. P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch, a prominen t agriculturist of Jackson Township, was bora April 3, 1846, in Marion County, Ohio. He was a son of David and Nancy Harraman. When twelve years of age, with his father he came to Jackson Township, this county. In his youth he had theopportuailies of receiving but a meagre education. He participated in the battles of Red Rivar, Little Rock, the siege of Vicksburgand other engagements in the war of the Rebellion, with the Fortieth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and received an honorable discharge from the service. In NoVember, 1867, he was united in the bonds of matrimony with Martha J. Baldwin, daughter of Heni'y Baldwin (deceased) and Edith Baldwin. To them have been born six children, of whom five are still living — William II., John F., Chxrenie L., Florenie A., Carrie A., and Jesse (deceased). Mr. Harraman has been remarka- bly successful in business ; he is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. society, and the owner of 498 acres of land. HENRy HAZEN, lumber merchant and farmer, P. 0. Woodland. William P. Hazen, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in May, 1817, ih New York State, and when twelve years of age came to Ohio. He married Maria L. Langdoa by whom he had sis children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Our subject being the oldest, Edward E., Phoeba A., Philander F., and Martin L. His wife died in 1858, and he was married in December of the same year to Mrs. Charlotte J. Vincent, a widow. About the year 1838, at Deerfield, Portage County, he engaged in the foundry business, having learned the trade of a molder in his youth. He there continued in business until 1840, when he opened a foundry at Rosenna, and carried on the bus- iness successfully until 1848, in which year he formed a partnership with his brother, under the firm title of W. P. Hazen & Co. TJiey carried on the business until 1851. In 1851, he em- barked in the lumber trade at Atwater, Portage County, where he continued his business until 1860, in which year he went to Warren, Trumbull County. He here carried on the lumber business successfully until 1862, when he admittel m a partner our subject. In 1863, they closed up their business at Warren and came to Jackson Township, this county. In 1866, they admitted as a partner Edward E. Hazen, and the firm henceforth transacted business under the title of W. P. Hazen & Sons, until 1880, in which yeir the partnership was dissolved. William P. Hazen ati'ords to us a striking illustra ion, of what a poor boy can do if he puts to work his brains and muscle with a determination to succeed. At the time of his arrival in Ohio he had according to his own statement "a few shillings in his pocket," and to-day he is the owner of 1,500 acres of land in Union County, 700 acres in Florida and other vast possessions. He was in his day one of the most active and stirring business men which Union County possessed. Our subject was born July 11, 18 58, in Portage County, Ohio. In January, 1864, he married Miss Alice E. Wells, who was born in February, 1842 ; she was a daughter of John F. and Dorotha Wells, of Portage County. To them have been born six children — William P., Charles E., Maria L., Benjamin W., Lettie A. and John F. His business career has been principally in connec- tion with that of his father, as shown in this sketch. In connection with his farming, at present he is also engaged quite extensively in stock-raising an I lumbering. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township. Through his exertions was secured the post office at Woodland, where he officiated as Postmaster several years. He is a member of the F. & A. M. society and of the I. 0. O. F. society. EDWARD E. HAZEN^, merchant and lumber dealer. Woodland, was born in Portage County, Ohio, April 14,1843. He is a son of Williatn P. and xMaria L. (deceased) Hazen, of whom we have made mention in this work. He received a fair English education in his youth. In October, 1862, he married Amelia Herst, by whom he had four children, three now living, viz., Charlotte J., William P. and l]iward F. After her decease, he married Lydia Robinson, of Mar- ion County, by whom he has one child, Daniel E. For m iny years, with his father and brother, of whom we have made mention, as partners, he transacted business. He is at present exten- sively engaged in the mercantile trade, and still more extensively in the lumbering business. He is the owner of 5'J7 acres of land and other valuable properties. He has been exceedingly successful in business. JONATHAN W. HEDGES, farmer, P. 0. Richwjod, was born March 3, 1S29, in what was formerly known as Fairfield, now Hocking County, Ohio. His parents were Caleb and Polly Hedges, natives of Maryland, who came to Fairfield County at quite an early day. He spent his youthful days in the quietude of farm life, and received but a common school education. On Feb- ruary 2S, 1854, he married Rebecca M. Brown, who was born in May, 1833, a daughter of John JACKSON TOWNSHIP, 507 and Mary Brown, of Hocking County. To them have been born eleven children, seven of whom are yet living, viz., John A., Gaylord, Wilfred N., Orpha, Eunice, Effie and Ray C. In 1855, Mr. Hedges moved his family from Hocking to Delaware County, where he located two years and came to Union County He settled in the southern portion of Jackson Township, where he now resides. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township, and with his wife, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the owner of 231 acres of land. EDGAR D. HORTON, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, Sep- tember 5, 1836. He is a son of Thomas and Mary (deceased) Horton, natives of Vermont, who came to Licking County, Ohio, about the year 1834. Of their family of twelve children, nine are now living, viz., Edwin, Orson, Thomas, Paschal I., Charlotte M., Sophia J., Emily A., Helen M. and Edgar D. When thirteen years of age, our subject entered his father's store at Fredonia, Licking County, as a clerk, and he continued with him until he reached his twentieth year. In March, 1865, at New Dover, Union County, he entered into the mercantile business for himself, and continued in the same for some five years. He subsequently spent a short time in Iowa, and came to Jackson Township, this county, in 1871. He is at present engaged in agricultural pur- suits. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Oliio Volunteer Infantry, and became attached to the Army of the Cumberland. At the battle of Chickamauga, he received a gunshot wound in the right arm, which somewhat disabled that member. He continued in the service until February, 1864, at which time he received an honorable discharge at Camp Denni- son. On April 23, 1864, he married Miss Sarah U. Criswell, daughter of William and Tacy Cris- well, both of whom are deceased. This union has been blessed with six children, three of whom are now living — Frank, Lottie A. and Thomas J. He has served as Trustee and Assessor of Jackson Township, is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and the owner of fifty acres of valuable land. WILLIAM R. HUGHES, farmer, P. 0. Woodland, was born in Cambria County, Penn , July 30, 1828. His parents were Thomas Hughes (deceased) and Hannah Hughes, his fiither a native of Wales and his mother of Pennsylvania When six years of age, with his parents, he came to Marion County, Ohio, where his mother still resides. He remained in Ohio until 1849, in which year he returned to Pennsylvania, where, in December, 1853, he was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Rachel S. Ritner, who was a daughter of Maj. Peter and Rachel S. Witner, and a niece of Joseph Ritner, who at one time was Governor of Pennsylvania. By this union there has been an issue of five children, viz.: George R., Thomas H., Everett L., William L. and Alice, the latter two of whom are deceased. Mr. Hughes remained in Penn- sylvania until 1875, in which year, with his family, he returned to Marion County, where he located until the springof 1881, when he came to Jackson Township, this county. In June, 1861, as Captain of Company E, he enlisted in the Twenty-third Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the battle of Antietam and others, and was discharged in the following Septem- ber. He re-enlisted in May, 1863, in the Fifty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, as Captain of Company B. He subsequently was engaged in the memorable battle of Gettysburg, and continued in the service until September, 1863, when he received his final discharge. While in Pennsylvania, he at one time was a candidate for State Senator, but was defeated by his opponent, Lewis W. Hall, by a small majority. He has also served as Mayor of Wilmore, Cambria County. Mr. Hughes is a gentleman of culture and education and a member of the F. & A. M. society, JOHN C. JOLLEY (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born October 3, 1819, in Union County, Ohio. He was a son of John and Hannah JoUey. He was reared to man's es- tate on a farm and received the rudiments of an English education in a district school. On October 7, 1852, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Keyes, an estimable lady, born March 8, 1828, in Madison County, Ohio. She was a daughter of Daniel and Betsy Keyes, with whom, when a child, she came to Union County. By this union there has been an issue of three children — Homer, born January 22, 1854; Preston, born April 3,1856; and Emily D., born June 21, 1861. In 1856, he settled in Jackson Township, where he remained until his decease, in August, 1862. To his family he was au indulgent husband and father, and with his fellow- men he dealt with a spirit of generosity and uprightness. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; his bereaved widow, who still resides in Jackson Township, is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the owner of ninety-four acres of land. WILLIAM KEELER, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born June 12, 1844, in Jackson Township, this county. His parents were Hiram and Velina Keeler, natives of Vermont. About the year 1836, they came to Union County and settled in Jackson Township, where they spent the remainder of their days. Of their lamily of eight children, five are yet living, viz.: Orlando, Helen, Amelia V., Melissa E. and William. On October 31, 1880, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Amanda Sells, daughter of Peter and Catharine (deceased) Sells, They have one child, viz., George W., born August 10, 1881. He resides in the northern por- tion of Jackson Township, and is the owner of sixty acres of land. RUSSELL B. LANDON, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born July 8, 1831, in Delaware County, Ohio. His parents were James and Elizabeth Landon, his father a native of Pennyslvania, and his mother of Michigan. They came to Delaware County 508 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. at quite an early day. Of their family of eight children, six are now living, viz.: Elizabeth, Sarah, Darius, Mary J., Catherine F. and Russell B. Our subject was reared to manhood in Delaware County. On October 16, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Sabrina Rodgers, who was born October 27, 1835, in Virginia; the is a daughter of Joseph and Hannah (de- ceased) Rodgers. When a mere child, with them she came to Delaware County, where they located several years, and subsequently moved to Marion County. By this union there has been an issue of seven children — Elizabeth H., Martha 0.. Joseph B., Arthur R., Cura M., Orange G. and Emma G. In the spring of 1868, with his fiimily from Marion County, Mr. Landon came to Union County, and settled iu Jackson Township. He is a member of the M. E. Church, and the owner of seventy acres of land, in the southern portion of the township. LEVI E. LEWIS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born May 23, 1833, in Worcester County, Md. His parents were John and Uneta Lewis, natives of Maryland, the latter deceased. About the year 1840, they came to Pickaway County, Ohio, where bis mother died when our subject was eleven years old. His father afterward married Mrs. Martha Mitchell. They sub- sequently moved to Franklin County, where they remained until 18S0, in which year they came to Union County. Our subject spent his youthful days in the quietude of farm life, and re- ceived a fair English education. On Auguft 18, 1853, he married Miss Susan E. Morten, who was born June 2, 1836, in Pickaway County, Ohio. Sheisadaughterof Seth Morten (deceased) and Sarah Morten, natives of Conneciicut, who came to Pickaway Ccunty about the year 1832. This union has been blessed with eight children, viz.: John W., Seih L., Sarah A., Edward M., Susau M., Uneti J., Franklin B., and Mary E, In 1880, from Pickaway, with his family, Mr. Lewis came to Union County and settled in Jackson Township, where he now resides. For twelve years, as a local minister in the Christian Church, he has labored zealously for the advancement of the Master's cause. He is the owner of one hundred acres of land. S. C. LOVE, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born October 9, 1846, in Morrow County, Ohio. His parents were Leonard and Catherine Love. When about seven years of age, with his father, step-mother and two sisters, he moved to Delaware County, Ohio, where his father settled and remained until his decease. Our subject served a short period in the late war of the rebellion, in the One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was attached to the Army of the Cumberland. On December 15, 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary M. Criswell, who was born November 24, 1848, in Licking County, Ohio. Her parents were AVilliam and Tacy Criswell. To them have been born three children — Carrie, born August 6, 1871 ; Valentine, born March 7, 1873, and Wilfred C, born September 19, 1878. In the spring of 1876, our subject settled in the northern portion of Jackson Township, this county, where he still resides. He is a self-made man, having procured all he has by his indus- try and strict adherence to business. He has served as School Director, and is the owner of sixty-four acres of land, the greater portion of wliich is under a state of cultivation. HARVEY MATHER, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, w*s born in June 1820, in Delaware County, Ohio. His parents were Increase Mather, a native of New .Jersey and Anna Mather. When about three years of age, with them he came to Union County. He was reared to man's estate on a farm "and received the rudiments of an English education in a district school. In November, 1840, he married Miss Jane Dysert, daughter of John and Mary Dysert. This union has been blessed with seven children, viz.: Daniel D., .John D., Oliver B., Mieton M., Aaron A., Mary L. and Thomas J. (deceased). In 1849, Mr. Mather settled in Jackson Township, near where he now lives. He has served as Justice of the Peace in Jackson Town- ship for fifteen years. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the owner of 120 acres of land. As an agriculturist, he has been successful, owing to his industry and judicious management. THOMAS MOORE (deceased) was born in January, 1834, in Union County, Ohio. His parents were Harvey and Magdalena Mnore, who had a family of eight children, seven of them are now living, viz.: John, Elizabeth M., Margaret, Cyrus, Nancy M., Martha E. and Magda- lena. In June, 1856, our subject was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Ellen Moore, daughter of William ,and Ann ^loore, of Claibourne Township, this county. To them were born six children, of whom five are now living, viz.: William H., Mary E., Phila, John H. and Olive I. He served in the late war of the rebellion perhaps sixteen months, but was an invalid during the greater portion of the time. To his family Mr. Moore was an indulgent father and loving husband. He was a member of the Disciple Church, and peacefully departed this life in November, 1878, respected by all who knew him. He left to his widow, who still resides in Jackson Township, and who mourns her irretrievable loss, seventy-eight acres of land. JOHN MOORE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, this State, September 22, 1836. His parents were Harvey and Magdalena Moore, early settlers of this county. On April 3, 1859, he married Miss Catheriue Markley, who was born in May, 1842, in Marion County; she was a daui^hter of Aaron and Margaret Alarkley. To them have been born six children, five of whom are now living, viz.: Emma M., Thomas C, Cyrus A., Margaret A. and Ida M. In 1870, he settled in the northwestern portion of Jackson Town-hip, where he now resides. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township. He is the owner of 240 acres of land, and a zealous member of the Disciple Church. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 511 ISAAC NOGGLE, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was boru in Hocking County, Ohio, June 14, 1835. He is a son of John and Hannah (deceased) Noggie, of this county. In his youth he received but a rudimentary education. In November, 1861, he enlisted in the Forty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the seige of Corinth, the capture of Island No. 10, the battle of luka and numerous other engagements. He was discharged, and re-enlisted in December, 1863, in the Forty-third Ohio Veteran Infantry. He subsequently was engaged in the battle of Decatur, siege of Atlanta, siege of Savannah, the grand march to the sea, and the surrender of Johnston's army. He continued in the service until July, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge. In February, 1807, he married Miss Jane E. Matteson, daughter of Joseph K. and Mary (deceased) Matteson. To them have been born four children, viz.: .Minnie D., Annie M., William F. and Joseph A. (deceased). He is the owner of sixty seven acres of land, and resides in the northern portion of Jackson Township. FRANCIS M. PARISH, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch was born February 5, 1848, in Madison County, Ohio. He is a son of George Parish, a native of Eng- land, and Rachel Parish. About the year 1853, with his parents, he came to Jackson Town- ship, this county, where they settled and still reside. He was, from his youth up, trained to the pursuits of farming, and received but a rudimentary education. In January, 1868, he married Miss Sabrina Randall, who was born April 21, 1851, in Delaware County, Ohio. She is a daugh- ter of Rodney R. and Louisa Randall, now of Jackson Township, this county. To them have been born four children, three of whom are now living — Elva A., born November 1, 1869 ; Lou- isa A., born September 6, 1872; Lelia A., born December 4, 1874 ; and Blanchard F., deceased. He resided in Jackson Township until the spring of 1876, when he moved to Marion County, and resided one year, at the expiration of which time he returned to Jackson Township. In November, 1881, he moved to Columbus, where he was employed by the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railway Company. In October, 1882, he again returned to Jackson Township, this county. He has been moderately successful in business, is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and the owner of eighty-nine acres of land. SAMUEL T. PATTERSON, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born March 22, 1837, in Bel- mont County, Ohio. His parents were John and Hannah A. Patterson, his father a native of Maryland and his mother of Virginia. They came to Belmont County at quite an early day. When seven years of age, his father died, and when fifteen years of age, with his mother, he moved to Franklin County, where she died in November, 1877. Four of a family of five chil- dren are still living, viz.: Samuel T., James, Sarah A., and Martha A. On January 27, 1857, in Franklin County, he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth A. Lott, who was born De- cember 28, 1836, in New Jersey. She is a daughter of Elijah and Anna Lott, who came to Franklin County, this State, about the year 1856. This union has been blessed with nine chil- dren, six of whom are now living, viz.: Chester W., born December 18, 1864; Charles E., born July 4, 1867; Harry E., born September 6, 1869; Lillias G., born July 15, 1874; Alvin, born August 3, 1875; and Blanche M., boru May 19. 1880. In November, 1874, with his fam- ily, Mr. Patterson came from Franklin to Union County and settled in Jackson Township. He and his wife are both members of the M. P. Church. He is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge and the owner of a fine iarm of seventy-two acres, pleasantly located in the northern portion of the township. GRANVILLE S. ROBERTSON, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born May 19, 1826, in Vir- ginia. He is a son of Joseph R. and Nancy Robertson. When sixteen years of age, his mother died, and shortly after, with his father, he came to Union County, this State. From his youth unto the present time, he has been engaged in farming. In February, 1851, he was united in marriage with Louisa Andrews, daughter of Horace and Ann Z. Andrews, and by her he had one child — William H. (deceased). She died in September, 1853, and in March, 1856, he was married to Elizabeth Bell, of Marion County, this State. To them have been born eleven children, nine of whom are now living, viz.: Joseph S., Isaac N., Jesse B., Hannah M., Marga- ret E., John H., Samuel S., Mary E. and Robert R. He has served as Trustee of Jackson Township many years, and also as Assessor. He is a member of the Baptist Church, in which denomination he officiates as a local preacher. In 1865, he settled in Jackson Township, where he still resides, and where he is the owner of 171 acres of land. ANDREW SCHMELZER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in August, 1813, in Prussia, Germany. He was a son of Andrew and Catherine Schmelzer. In 1844, he emigrated to America, and spent several years in New York and Newburg Cities, and then came to Ohio. About the year 1854, he came to Uuion County. In 1848 married Caroline Kircher, by whom he has ten children, viz.: Andrew, George W., Charles, Jacob, Lewis, Alice, John L., Henry G., Frank and William He is a member of the German Lutheran Church, and the owner of 137 acres of land. He is industrious and energetic, qualities which have secured for him success, and resides on the western portion of Jackson Township. SAMPSON H. SNOWDEN, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Greene County, Ohio, March 11, 1841. He is a son of James Snowden (deceased), and Mary A. Snowden. He was reared to man's estate on a farm, and received but a limited edu- cation. In August, 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer 512 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Infantry, and participated in the battles of Murfreesboro, Kingston and other lesser engage- ments, and continued in the service until June, 1865. On March 14, 1867, be married Miss Mary F. Flesher, who was born in December, 1847; she is a dauj^hter of John and Lena Flesher, of this county. By this union there has been an issue of four children, viz.: Albert E., William A., Cora M. and John A. In 1872, he came to Jackson Township, and settled in the southern portion of the township, where he own 3 ninty-six acres of land. He is a member of the M. E. Church. GEORGE W. STEPHEN, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. George W. Stephen is a prominent farmer of Jackson Township; was born in Delaware County, this State, October 30, 1850. He is a son of Zachariah Stephen (deceased) and Mary A. Stephen. Of iheir family of ten chil- dren, seven are now living, viz.: Ephraim, Hugh M., Elizabeth A., Joseph Z., William C, George W. and Nancy .1. His father died in September, 1877 ; his mother still resides in Dela- ware County. On October 21, 1873, he married Miss Olive E. Perry, daughter of Henry and Martha Perry, of Logan County. To them have been born four children — Bertha, Effie L., Jessie M. and Grace. He has been moderately successful in business, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is the owner of 114 acres of land, and resides in the northwest por- tion of Jackson Township. DAVID SWARTZ, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Dela- ware County, Ohio, December 26, 1839. He is the youngest child of Abraham and Hettie Swartz. In his youth he learned the trade of carpentering, which he followed for several years. In September, 1874, in Delaware County, he married Miss Lovina Smith, daughter of William W. and Polly (deceased) Smith. To them have been born two children — Mary E., born July 17, 1876, and William A., born August 21, 1879. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Perryville, the siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, the grand march to the sea, and the surrender of Johnston's army. He received an honorable dis- charge in June, 1865. In 1874, he come to Union County, and located at Richwood until the spring of 1878, when he came to Jackson Township. He has served as School Director, and is a member of the Christian Church. He is the owner of forty acres of land. JOSEPH TEMPLE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born May 6. 1827, in Adams County, Ohio. His parents were Joseph and Margaret Temple, with whom, when fifteen years of age, he came to Union County, and settled in Jackson Township, where he now resides. On July 6, 1849, he was united in marriage to Lucy A. Andrews, who was born August 20, 1825, and a daughter of John H. and A. Andrews. By her he had six children, viz.: John M., Henry G., Louisa J., Surrilda A., Lucy C.and Edith C, deceased. Mrs. Temple died in June, 1871. On July 3, 1872, he was married to Leonora C, daughter of Theron Eastman (deceased) and Nancy Eastman, of Madison County, Ohio. To them have been born three children. Mr. and Mrs. Temple are both members of the Baptist Church, and useful members of society. He has served as School Director, and is the owner of 242 acres of land. JESSE A. WHITE, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born in Franklin County. Ind., August 31, 1828. His parents are Albert R. White and Amy White, deceased. When five years of age, with his parents, he came to Union County. He was reared amid the rural scenes of farm life and received a liberal education, which enabled him for two years to teach school. On April 10, 1851, he was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Angeline Dysert, daughter of John and Mary Dysert. They are the parents of four children — John D., Charles A., Mary E. and Anna M. Mr. White has met with success in a financial sense, being of a stirring, business dis- position, and is the ownerof 100 acres of good land. He is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. He has served as Trustee, Clerk and Treasurer of Jackson Township, and for twenty years has been Recording Steward of the Rush Creek Circuit of the Methodist Protestant Church. DANIEL A. WHITE, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, was born in Franklin County, Ind., February 20, 1830. He is a son of Albert R. White and Amy White, deceased. In 1833, with his parents, he came to Jackson Township, this county. In his youth he received rather a lim- ited education, but by continual reading, and having a love for good books written by standard authors, he has made himself familiar with many of the important topics of this day. In De- cember, 1850, he was united in marriage with Emily Bennet, daughter of Henry and Mary Ben- net, and by her had two children, both of whom are deceased. She died in December, 1853. On October 8, 1854, he was married to Minerva Bennet, by whom he has eight children, six of whom are now living, viz.: Albert S., George A., John W., Mary M., Martha E. and Jesse W. Mr. White is at present the efficient Superintendent of the Rush Creek Gravel Road. He is the owner of 188 acres of land, and a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. In 1854, he set- tled where he now resides. DAVID R. WHITE, farmer, P. 0. Rush Creek, the subject of this sketch, was born Octo- ber 6, 1832, in Champaign County, Ohio. He is a son of Albert R. White; he received a common school education, and on June 8, 1856, was united in marriage with Miss Alice A. Bosart, who was born November 20, 1838, in Champaign County. She is a daughter of John and Elizabeth Bosart, early settlers of Champaign County. They have four children, viz., Jennie, born YORK TOWNSHIP. 613 August 29, 1857 ; Elenor. born January 14, 1862 ; Emery, bora July 10, 1867, and Mary, born March 28, 1874. Mr. White has served as Assessor of Jackson Township, and is the owner of sixty acres of valuable land. With his wife, he is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church and, for seven years, has been the efficient Superintendent of the Essex Sabbath School. Mr. and Mrs. White reside on their farm, which is pleasantly located on the Rush Creek Gravel Roal, in the western portion of the township. SAMUEL E.WILLIAMS, physician and surgeon, P.O. Rush Creek, was born March 4, 1823, in Licking County, Ohio. He is a sonof Elias and Sarah Williams, natives of New Jersey, who came to Licking County about the year 1819. After receiving a liberal English education, in 1846, he entered for a ii ve months course, the Cleveland Medical College, and graduated in March of the fol- lowing year. On December 8, 1853, he was united in marriage with Miriam Brookins, daughter of Jonathan P. Brookins (deceased) and Murilla Brookins, formerly of Marion County. This union has been blessed with six children, of whom four are living, viz., Jonathan P., William, Sarah M. and Elbert S. After his graduation, for a short time, he practiced at Hartford, Licking County, and then went to Middetown, now Prospect, Marion County, where he located four years, at the expiration of which time he came to Union County, and located at Essex. Mr. W'illiams is of a courteous and obliging disposition, successful in his profession, and has established a lucrative practice. He is a member of the F. & A. M. society. CHAPTER XI. YORK TOWNSHIP. THE history of the formation of York Township, as exhibited on the pages of the Commissioners' journal, is as follows: December 3, 1833 — The Board of Commissioners ordered that a new town- ship be laid off on the north end of Liberty Township, to be called York; commencing on the east boundary of said Liberty Township, five miles north of the southeast corner thereof; thence west, parallel to the south boundary of said Liberty Township, to the west boundary thereof; all north thereof to the north boundary of the county of Union to be considered in the said township of York, to be surveyed by Levi Phelps, when it may suit his convenience, previous to March session next. March 4, 1834 — The board took into consideration the report of Levi Phelps, surveyor, on his proceeding in laying off the township of York, and its appearing to said Board that it would be more convenient to the townships of both Liberty and York to remove the line as now run, one mile further north; it is, therefore, ordered that the said Phelps, at some time prior to the next June session, re-survey the said township of York, commencing on the east line of the township of Liberty at the sixth mile tree, being six miles north of the southeast corner of the township of Liberty as originally estab- lished; thence to run west with the southern boundary thereof to the western boundary of the county; all north to be considered as the township of York. December 4, 1834 — A petition was presented by William Hai'tford, pray- ing for a reconsideration of their order for running the line between the townships of Liberty and York, and an alteration; whereupon it is ordered by the board that the said line shall begin five miles north of the southeast corner of the township of Liberty, on the east line thereof; thence running west, parallel to the south line thereof three and one-half miles; thence north, par- allel with the east line of said township one mile and 242 poles; thence west parallel to the south line of the township to the western boundary of the county. In 1836, York Township was divided, and Washington formed from the northern division. It would be impracticable to follow the numerous changes that have been made in the boundaries of York. As constituted at present, 514 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. its northern and western bonudaries are regular. The western boundary is the county line, with Logan County beyond. The northern boundary is the Greenville treaty line, separating York from Washington Township. On the east is Claibourne Township, and on the south Liberty and Taylor. The boundary lines between York and these three townships do not cut any sur- veys, and are, in consequence, irregular. These are the surveys included within the township: Peter Manifold, No. 2,832, 1.000 acres, near the southwest corner of the township, siurveyed by Lucas Sullivant, September 14, 1799; Andi-ew Tarborn, the heir of Peter Dunn, No. 2,982, 1,000 acres, southwestern part of township, sui-veyed by Lucas Sullivant, September 11, 1790; John M. Gregory, No. 2,984, south- western part, surveyed by Lucas Sullivant, September 11, 1799: George Bax- ley and Joseph Merriman, six surveys of 1,000 acres each, located in the cen- tral and western parts of the township, Nos. 3,234, 3,235, 3,236, 3,237, 3.238 and 3,439, sui'veyed by Lucas Sullivant, September 14 and 16, 1799; John Bowen, Nos. 3,468, 3,469 and 3,470, three surveys of 889 acres each, in the southeast part of the township, surveyed by Lucas Sullivant, November 10 and 12, 1800; Thomas Bowyer, No. 5,289, 1,0()0 acres, northern part, surveyed by Duncan McArthur, November 28, 1808; Thomas Bowyer, No. 5,290, 1.000 acres, northern part, surveyed by Duncan McArthur June 10, 1809; Robert Means, No. 5,387, 1,000 acres, southern part, surveyed November 26, 1808, by Duncan McArthur; Robert Means, No. 0,492, 70 acres, surveyed, November 20,1809, by Duncan McArthur; Burgess Ball's representatives. No. 6, 680, 648 acres, southern part of township, sm'veyed b}' Cadwallader Wallace June 11, 1834; Allen Latham, No. 11,346, 1,200 acres, eastern part of township, surveyed December 24, 1843, by E. P. Kendricks; Mary Stephenson and Thomas Holt, No. 12,124, 904 1 acres, northern part of township, surveyed by Allen Latham, March 24, 1823; Joseph Miller, No. 12,542, surveyed Sep- tember 10, 1833, by E. P. Kendricks, in the northeast corner of town- ship; Robert Means, No. 6,154, 1,700 acres, mostly in Logan County, sur- veyed March 20, 1809, by Duncan McArthur: Robert Means, No. 5,092, 1,333^ acres, mostly in Logan County, surveyed by Duncan McArthur, Novem- ber 26, 1808; T. Chilton, Nos. 775 and 6,155, 1,059 acres, mostly in Logan County, surveyed by Duncan McArthur March 20, 1809; Allen Latham, No. 15,707, 38 acres, northern part of township, surveyed November 24, 1851, by Nathaniel Massie; David Williams, No. 13,506, 500 acres, northern part of township. The organization of York Township was completed by the election of township officers April 7, 1834. The election was held at the house of Aaron Shirk, and in consideration of this fact, he was permitted to cast the first vote. The record shows that the following persons were unanimously elected to the several offices; to wit: Trustees, Heman Tobey, Joseph Miller and Harmon Patrick; Overseers of the Poor, Charles Miller and John Coons; Fence View- ers, George Coons, Jonathan Miller and Charles Bennett: Treasurer, William Tobey; Constable, Aaron Shirk; Clerk, "William Hartford; Supervisors, John Stamates, Hiram Parker and Jonathan Shirk. On the 15th day of April, 1834, the Trustees met at the house of Heman Tobey, and divided the township into three road districts. The fu"st election for Justice of the Peace was held at the house of Aaron Shirk October 1 4, 1834, and Jonathan G. Miller was elected to fill that office. The subsequent Justices, with dates of election, are Thomas Milligan, 1837; Jonathan G. Miller, 1839; William Tobey, 1841; Jonathan G. Miller, 1841; William Tobev, 1844, resigned in 1846; Jonathan Sterling, 1844, resigned in 1846; William Hartford, 1846; Ai-chibald G. Brooks, 1846; David Sterling, YORK TOWNSHIP. 515 1849, resigned the same year; William Hartford, 1849; Samuel Hoover, 1849; J. G. Miller, 1852; James K. Smith, 1852; Alonzo Harvey, 1855; James R. Smith, 1855; Alonzo Harvey, 1858; Washington G. Davis, 1858; Archibald G. Brooks, 1859; Washington G. Davis, I8f31; Archibald G. Brooks, 1862; A. E. Knox, 1864; Archibald G. Brooks, 1865; A. E. Knox, 1867; A. P. Harvey, 1868, resigned in 1870; William P. Plotner, 1870; A. E. Knox, 1870; Will- iam H. Plotner, 1873; A. E. Knox, 1873; S. Taylor, 1873; William H. Plot- ner, 1876; A. E. Knox, 1876; William H. Plotner, 1879; A. E. Knox, 1879; L. D. Wright, 1882. At the first fall election, held October 14, 1834, the townshijj cast twenty- one votes, eleven Democratic and ten Whig. The vote was as follows: For Governor, Robert Lucas, 11, James Findley, 10; for Representative in Con- gress, William Ellsberry, 11, Sampson Mason, 10; for State Senator, John Shelby, 11, Samuel Newell, 10; for State Representative, Nicholas Hathaway, 11, Otway Curry, 10; for Sheriff, Calvin Wright, 21; for Commissioner, James B. Irvin, 18, Thomas Price, 3. The vote of the township for Governor, from that time to the present, is here given: 1836, Joseph Vance, 16, Eli Baldwin, 17; 1838, Joseph Vance, 27, Wilson Shannon, 26; 1840, Thomas Corwin, 47, Wilson Shannon, 37; 1842, Thomas Corwin, 48, Wilson Shannon, 38; 1844, Mordecai Bartley, 62, David Tod, 39, Leicester King, 3; 1846, William Bebb, 42, David Tod, 31, Samuel Lewis, 14; 1848, SeaburyFord, 55, John B. Weller, 48, scattering,. 18; 1850, Will- iam Johnson, 45, Reuben Wood, 37, Edward Smith, 36; 1851, Samuel F. Vinton, 54, Reuben Wood, 53, Samuel Lewis, 26; 1853, Nelson Barrere, — , William Medill, 48, Samuel Lewis, 85; 1855, Salmon P. Chase, 104, William Medill, 15, Allen Trimble, 4; 1857, Salmon P. Chase, 126, H. B. Payne, 62, P. Van Trump, 1; 1859, William Dennison, 132, R. P. Ranney, 35: 1861, David Tod, 161, H. J. Jewett, 39; 1863, John Brough, 250, C. L. Vallan- digham, 43; 1865, J. D. Cox, 192, George W. Morgan, 25; 1867, R. B. Hayes, 214, A. G. Thurman, 47; 1869, R. B. Hayes, 198, George H. Pendleton, 49: 1871, E. F. Noves, 190, George W. McCook, 43; 1873, E. F. Noyes, 178, William Allen, 62, Gideon T. Stewart, 2; 1875, R. B. Hayes, 255, William Allen, 78; 1877, William H. West, 248, R. M. Bishop, 89, H. H Thompson, 5; 1879, Charles Foster, 263, Thomas Ewing, 93, Gideon T. Stewart, 6; 1881, Charles Foster, 247, John W. Bookwalter, 68, A. R. Ludlow, 18. Bokes Creek is the principal stream. It is formed by the confluence of several creeks on the western part of the township, and pursues an irregularly southeastern cou.rse. Fulton Creek crosses the northeastern corner of the ter- ritory, and in the southern part are several tributaries of Bokes Creek. The surface is level, or gently rolling. The soil is clay, with sandy bottoms along the streams. The timber consisted of beech, sugar, elm, hickory, oak and other varieties. One of the earliest pioneers of Yoi'k Township was Joseph Miller. He was born in Ballston, Saratoga Co. , N. Y. , and spent his youthful days in that vicinity. He was married to Jemima Wilkins in 1801, and to them were burn three sons and one daughter. Mr. Miller, with his family, removed to Ohio in 1817, and purchased land in Franklin County, along the Scioto River. After making considerable improvement on this land, he lost it by reason of a defective title. After this misfortune, he located a survey in what is now the northeast corner of York Township. He and his two surviving sons, Jonathan G. and James Charles, became the first setters upon this tract. His daughter Evaline, wife of Aaron Everett, remained in Franklin County. Mr. Miller and his son Jonathan G. first came out with their families about February, 1828. There was then no road to guide them to their new home west of the 516 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. site of Kichwood, and Henry Hwartz, of Claiboiu'ne Township, who had hunted over this country and was familiar with it, marked out a road for them by hacking trees along the line. By cutting away the uaderbrush, and windino- about a great deal, the Millers reached their destination after a tedious jour- ney. The latter part of their route was the first road — if road it might be called — leading from Eichwood westward. The cabin was raised on the. site of Benjamin Thomas' brick residence, some little distance west of the Presby- terian Church, by the aid of a few men who accompanied them from Franklin County for this purpose. They bi'ought with them two teams, a scanty lot of household goods and a few sheep, hogs and cows. The sheep soon disap- peared, and were never seen afterward, having probably fallen a prey to the ravenous wolves that infested the forests. For awhile the Millers traded, and bought the groceries they needed at Worthington, Franklin County. Joseph Miller erected a cabin, and lived on the same place with his son Jonathan. He possessed some means, was industrious and performed many acts of kindness to the new settlers who followed him into this settlement. He was modest and unassuming, but the earnest friend of every measure to promote the intel- ligence and morals of the community in which he lived. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, and as such communed with the Presbyterian Church in his immediate vicinity, of which his wife was a member, and to which he gave a coi'dial support. He died in York Township August 81, 1866, aged ninety- two years and nearly eight months. Jonathan G. Miller accompanied his father to York Township in Febru- ary, 1828, and became one of the sturdy pioneers who developed the agricult- ural resources of his adopted township. He was influential and respected among his acquaintances. He had married Anna Wasson, and had a family of six children — Beriah, now of Hardin County; Thomas, a farmer in Trego County, Kan.; Wilmot, the wife of William Longaker, living in Kan- sas; Anna; James, who was marked missing after a battle for his country, and never heard of again; David, who, while in service, was captured, im- prisoned in Libby, exchanged, and when on his way home drowned on an ill- fated steamer on the Mississippi. Mr. Miller moved to Trego County, Kan., in 1878, and died there two years latei'. James C. Miller moved to the Miller survey in February, 1830, two years after his father had settled here. He had married Roxana Wasson, in Frank- lin County, in 1828. They built their first cabin a short distance east of the present residence of Mrs. Miller. Mr. Miller was engaged solely in agi'icult- ural pursuits. His children were Justus; Evaline; Dennison, who died in service; Gilbert, who died at Gallatin, Tenn., while in service; Jane, the wife of David Davis; Martha, who was married to Samuel McNeil and is now de- ceased. Mr. Miller died in this township September 4, 1878. One of the earliest settled portions of York Township was the land em- braced in the three John Bowen surveys, surrounding and south of Summers- ville. Harmon Patrick is believed to have been the first settler here, though the exact date of his arrival is unknown. He was from Hardy County, Va., originally, but directly from Ross County, Ohio, and came to the township about the time the Miller settlement was made. He occupied a farm of 12'-J acres in Survey 3,470, about a mile south of the village. He was a high- spirited, enterprising and esteemed citizen, and remained in the township for many years. He removed to Marion County, on the Scioto River. His brother, John Patrick, owned 100 acres in Survey 3,460, and lived here for a few years. Caleb Arahood, also from Ross County, came soon after, and settled on a piece of land near the center of Survey 3,469, now the Peter Staley farm. YORK TOWNSHIP. 517 He was a native of Hardy County, Va., and had emigrated to Ross County, Ohio, and from that county to Liberty Township, this county, whence he moved here about 1830. He was a real backwoodsman, rude and uncouth, but clever and kind hearted. As befitted his situation in life, he was an adept with the rifle, and could bring down the noblest game the forests then afforded with ease and dispatch. His wife was Elizabeth Shirk. He sold his farm to David Davis a few years later, and departed with his family for Coles County, lU. His earthly existence was terminated there shortly after. William Hartford was among the early arrivals in this locality. By birth he was a Canadian. When the war of 1812 agitated the American continent, his sympathies were enlisted in behalf of the American cause. With his father he came to the United States, and soon after was in the service. At the close of the war, he returned to Canada, and was imprisoned for bearing arms against his country. Effecting a release in some way, he came to Ohio, and settled in Muskingum County. Thence he came to York Township, about 1830, and settled in the southwest corner of Survey 3,470. His nature was positive and impulsive, and to whatever cause he embraced he brought ardent and unwearied efforts. He was at first intensely Democratic in his political preferences, but later in life was strongly identified with the Republican party. Notwithstanding his positive disposition, he was universally esteemed by his acquaintances. He emigrated to Illinois, and invested his means in land, by the rise in the value of which he became wealthy. Within a very recent period, he was living in Iowa. His wife was Eliza (James), and his children Mary, Scott, Almira, Selina, Margaret, Nancy, Isaac and Grace, none of whom now reside in this vicinity. Jonathan Shirk, uncle to Aaron Shirk, now living in York Township, was born in Hardy County, Va., and emigrated to Greene County, Ohio. About 1830, he came to York Township with his wifft. Elizabeth, and family, and engaged in the arduous labor of making a farm from the wilderness, a short distance south from Summersville. His wife died, and he sold his posses- sions here and removed to Taylor Township, and afterward to Indiana, where he died. Not uncommonly, settlements were formed by a number of pioneers, hail- ing from the same vicinity. The tide of emigration from a settled locality would receive its impetus from the success attending the removal of one of the community to the new country. His neighbors, friends and acquaintances, prompted by a desire to share in the benefits which are the reward of faithful and persevering labor in an unsettled region, and preferring the society of old and tried acquaintances as neighbors to new ones, one after another would leave their old homesteads and purchase new homes in the vicinity of those who had gone before them. An emigration from Harrison and adjoining counties to York Township was thus begun by one, who, however, did not live to enter upon his labors in the township. Duncan McArthur purchased a large portion of the John Bowen Surveys, in the southeastern portion of York Township, for a small consideration, and desired its settlement. Samuel Hyde, of Harrison, was slightly acquainted with Gov. McArthur, who offered to sell him, among others, a farm in that vicinity. Mr. Hyde was born in Maryland, and when a boy, moved, with his father, to Pennsylvania. In Washington County, Fenn. , he married, and settled on a farm in Harrison County, Ohio. Having concluded to emigrate farther west, in the spring of 1832, in a lumbering wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen, he traveled toward the setting sun till he reached the slight settlement just south of what is now Sammersville. Satisfied with the locality, he fashioned, out of the unbroken wilderness, a small, rude cabin, cleared about eight acres 518 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. of land, fenced it in from the surrounding forest, planted it in corn and re- tvu-ned, by a tedious jou.rney, home. In the fall, he again visited the locality, this time in company with his young son, John B., and harvested his crop. They brought with them a load of household and other goods. Mr. Hyde had eight children, one son and seven daughters, five of whom were at this time married and settled in homes of their own. One unmarried daughter — Nancy, afterward Mrs. George Davis — was living at the home of a married sister. In February, 1833, Mr. Hyde, with his wife Elizabeth, son John B. and daughter Eebecca, who afterward mai'ried Sedgwick Coons, bade a final adieu to Har- rison County, and, in a four-horse team, began their pilgrimage to York Township. At Berkshire, Delaware County, Mr. Hyde was taken sick. Thinking he would be fully restored to health in few days, he directed that his family proceed to their new home. They concluded the journey in two days, and took possession of the cabin which JVIr. Hyde had erected the sum- mer previous. Rebecca then returned to Delaware County for her father, and upon her arrival she was greeted with the sad tidings that he had died and was buried. His disease was lung fever, doubtless induced by exposu.re and ex- cessive labor. John B. at this time was seventeen years of age. His father had not yet contracted for the land upon which he built his cabin, and John B., in his own name, in a short time bought 100 acres of land, paying for it $2.25 per acre. In 1837, he married Eliza Davis, and still resides on the old place, one and a half miles south of Summersville, enjoying the reward of a well-spent life, and possessing the highest esteem of his large circle of ac- quaintances. In politics, he has been Whig and Republican; in religion he is a faithful adherent to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Of the seven daughters of Saumel Hyde, six became residents of York Township. The eldest, Catharine, settled with her husband, Hugh McAdow, in the adjoining township of Taylor; Eliza had married Elias Johnson; Ellen had married Charles Bennett; Margaret was the wife of John Sterling; Mary the wife of John Johnson. As before mentioned, the other two daughters, Nancy and Rebecca, afterward married pioneers of the township. Elias Johnson came in the fall of 1833, settled near Summersville. and there raised a large family. He had served, for a short time, in the war of 1812, He taught several of the early schools, was a well-respected member of society, and died in 1865 at a ripe old age. Charles Bennett settled in the township at the same time. He occupied the James Seran place in the southeast part of Siu-vey 3,468 for a number of years, then mcjved to Illinois. Returning, he remained but a short time, and emigrated to Missouri, where he now lives. John Sterling first located in York Township in the same Call. He was born in Ireland, and, after his arrival in America, settled in Tuscarawas County. Thence he came to this township, and purchased 100 acres in the wilderness, south of Summei'sville. now known as the Fulton farm. He soon after sold this, attended school for a time at Delaware, Ohio, and returned a Methodist minister, and was an earnest and faithful pastor until death. David Sterling, his brother, was also an early settler. He located a faim in the Coons settlement, in the northern part of Survey 12,124, where John H. Sterling now lives Mr. Sterling remained here the remainder of his life. He possessed more than ordinary intelligence, and was highly and universally esteemed. Both he and his brother were earnest Whigs; both were elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and boih resigned before the expiration of a term of service. John Johnson came with his family from Harrison County, Ohio, in 1834, and settled near Summersville. Before emigrating to this township, he had YORK TOWNSHIP. 521 traveled on the circuit as a Methodist minister in the Pittsburgh, Penn., con- ference aad in New York, but after his arrival in Union County he officiated in a clerical capacity only as a local preacher. In physique, he was large and portly. He was one of the original proprietors of Sumraersville; engaged, to pome extent, in clearing his farm; opened a store at the little village he helped found, and was otherwise variously engaged until 1844, when he re- moved to Marysville, having been elected Auditor of his county. At the ex- piration of two terms of service, he opened a drug store at the county seat, and remained in business till failing health obliged him to seek a more active life. He returned to his farm in York Township in 1855 or 1856, and there passed the remainder of his life. His children were Almira (Wall), Thomas, Margaret (Davis), Mary (Malin), William S., John, Helen (Smith) and Belle. He taught the first school at Summersville for $8 per month, and boarded him- self. He did more, perhaps, to build up the Methodist Episcopal Church at Summersville than any other member of it. He was a useful member of so- ciety, and exerted a wide influence. He died in July, 1873, at the age of seventy-three years. His wife survived until June, 1882. David Davis, a Pennsylvanian, came to what is now York Township in 1833, from Harrison County, Ohio, and settled about a half mile south of Summersville, on Bokes Creek. He hrst purchased a small tract of land, but soon after increased the amount to about two hundred acres. About eight acres of the place had been cleared by Caleb Arahood before Mr. Davis pur- chased it. About the year 1841, Mr. Davis pui'chased 500 acres of uncleared land, about one mile south of York Center, and moved to it with his family. His wife was Keziah Dickson, and his children, ten in number, most of whom now live in York Township, were George, Eliza (Hyde), Amon, Nancy (Pat- rick), David, Washington, Finley, Rebecca (Storms), Susan (Moffitt), and Thomas. Mr. Davis was attached to rural life, and always lived on the farm. He was in early life an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but subsequently he became a member of the United Brethren Chiu'ch, and for a few years preached on the circuit. He died July 16, 1878, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. Washington Gr., Elza and Amon S. Davis, three younger brothers of David Davis, settled in the township in 1837. Amon was married when he came; the other two were single. Amon S. Davis settled in Summersville, and worked at the carpenter trade for about three years, at the same time reading medicine under the instruction of Dr. Hamilton, of East Liberty. He then entered upon the practice of his profession at Summersville, and contin- ued it very successfully until 1866, when he removed to Decatur, Ind. He died there of milk sickness in 1874. Elza Davis married Elizabeth Patrick, who died a few years later. He afterward married Maiy Walker, of Marion. He, for awhile, followed brick- masonry, but has mostly given his attention to farming. He died in March, 1882. Three children survive him. Washington G. Davis married Martha Ann, the daughter of James R. Smith, and still lives in York Township, about a half mile north of Summers- ville. Another brother, George Davis, settled in the township, south of Sum- mersville, in 1841, and died here. James R. Smith was one of the original proprietors of Summersville. He was a native of Maryland, where he was born in 1794, and emigrated to Ohio when a young man. He lived at Leesville, Carroll County, till 1834, when he came to York Township and purchasd a farm in the southwest corner of Survey 3,468, now the Sylvanus Taylor place. By trade he was a shoe- maker, and, in connection with clearing his farm, he followed bis trade. His 28 522 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. wife was Anna ]\Iasters, and his children William M. , Lewis G., Martha (Davis), Lemuel, Margaret (Roberts), Louisa (Coe), James, Susan M. (Richard- son), Matilda (Wood), Melissa, Thomas, Albert and Edwin. Only two of these now reside in York Township. At first, Mr. Smith lived in a small cabin in Summersville, but soon he erected and moved into a two-story hewed-log house. He was Justice of the Peace two terms, and an Associate Judge of the county for nine years. For about six years, he sold goods at Summersville, and was then elected Probate Judge of Union County, and served in that capa- city for ten years. At the expiration of this service, he returned to Summers ■ ville, from Marysville, and cultivated a small fruit and flower garden. Judge Smith was one of the leading men of York, and attained the age of eighty- three years. He died suddenly, of heart disease, at Summersville, September 27, 1877. His wife died about 1850. Judge Smith had served a short time in the war of 1812. He is reputed to have organized, in the spring of 1836, at his own house, the first Sunday school in the township. Thomas R. Price was born in Pennsylvania December 27, 1809, and re- moved to Harrison County, Ohio, when a small boy. In 1836, he came to York Township, and settled in Summersville. He entered into several enterprises successively, including hotel-keeping, selling goods, running a boot and shoe shop, until his health failed, in 1865. He was long an invalid, and died March 15, 1877. William Kirk, who was raised near Alexandria, Md., came to the town- ship about 1834, and bought a little farm just east of Summersville. He farmed, made shoes, tailored a little, and for a few years was a local minister of the Methodist denomination. He lived to a good old age, and died in 1874, well respected by all who knew him. Samuel Kirk, an uncle of William, and also a prior denizen of the State of Maryland, came from Logan County about the same time, and engaged in shoe-making in Summersville. He was a migratory individual, and termi- nated his earthly career at Pharisburg. The third settlement in the township was made by George Coons, in the T. Bowyer Survey, No. 5,289. Mr. Coons purchased 100 acres, about two miles north of York Center, and in the fall of 1829 came out from his home in Fairfield County, and built a cabin. During the winter, he brought out several wagon-loads of goods, and in the spring following came with his fam- ily, arriving at the new home April 1, 1834. The Miller settlement, and the settlement just below the site of Summersville, were the only portions of the township occupied by settlers at this time, and the labor of cutting a wagon road to his home in the wilderness devolved upon Mr. Coons, and was per formed by arduous labor. Mr. Coons was a farmer, and spent the remainder of his life on the farm he first settled. He died October 19, 1856, aged seventy-eight years. His wife, Keziah, survived him twenty years, and died at the age of ninety-thi-ee. The family of the pioneer and highly-esteemed couple consisted of four sons and four daughters, all of whom became early residents of the township. The four sons, John, Thomas S., Brice and Harris, and two daughters, Letitia, who afterward married Levin ^Vright, and Rhoda, who afterward became the wife of A. G. Brooks, accompanied their parents to the township. The other two daughters had entei-ed married life in 1829 — Sally with Jacob Bollenbaugh and Allie with John Stamates. Mr. and Mrs. Bollenbaugh, in 1830, at the same time the Coons fauily settled here, moved from Fairfield County to Hancock County; but after a sojourn there of several years came to Y^ork Township, and settled among their friends. Mr. Bollen- baugh was a straightforward, industrious German, Democratic, and afterward Republican in politics, and, like the Coons, of the Baptist persuasion. Besides YORK TOWNSHIP. 523 farming, he operated a little tannery for a time. He died a few years ago, leaving a family of children to possess his homestead. Nathaniel Brooks settled in the Coons settlement in 1832. He was from New York, and was class leader in the Methodist Epicopal Church. In poli- tics he was strongly Whig. He died in 1836, leaving a family of four sons, Archibald G., James, Joseph and Robert, and several daughters. Archibald G. was a man of prominence in the township, and died recently. John Stamates, hailing from Muskingum County, came with the Coons, and lived with them during the first year of his citizenship of York Township. He then bought a place in the Miller settlement, and is still living there. Levin Wright came from Fairfield County about 1835, and settled in the Coons settlement. He remained a lifelong resident of the township. By his first marriage — with Letitia Coons — he had three children. His second wife was Sally Thornton, and the children of this marriage still reside in the town- ship. Heman Tobey, in 1831, moved to the township from Saratoga County, N. Y. He purchased the survey of 1,000 acres in which York Center is located, No. 3,234, for about $1,000, and, retaining a portion for himself and his sons, disposed of the rest to incoming settlers. Mr. Tobey was twice married. His first wife was Hannah Rowland, and their children were William, Henry, Harlow and Rosanna (Shirk). His second wife was Mrs. Martha Tobey, the widow of his brother, Samuel Tobey. By her prior marriage Mrs. Tobey had two daughters, Melinda (Wheeler) and Amanda (Comer). The children of Heman's second marriage were Jane (the wife of A. E. Knox), Charles, Ema- line and Evangeline (wife of Robert Negley). Mr. Tobey was a shrewd, honest Yankee, and a member of the Baptist Church. He died while on a visit to some of his children, in Madison County, aged sixty-four years. Sarah Ann Suddith, a widow, moved with her children to the wilds of York Township, near York Center, in 1831 or 1832- She purchased a little place of fifty acres, and with the aid of her boys managed to earn from it a livelihood. Her children were William, Priscilla (married to Moses Dean), George, Jemima (married to Milton Smith) and Mary, who was the wife of David Davis, Jr. Mrs. Suddith afterward removed to Iowa. Gregory Storms, in 1833, moved from Orleans County, N. Y., with his wife, Melinda, and seven children, to a farm of 150 acres just north of York Center, and between it and Bokes Creek, which he had purchased from Henry Tobey for $1.25 per acre. None of it was then cleared, and he at once gave his entire attention to the improvement of his home, and became an indus- trious and well-respected citizen. He was an earnest Whig and a zealous Methodist. For several years the services of the little religious class, which he helped to organize, were conducted in his cabin. He died on the farm he first settled in the seventy -fourth year of his age. His children were James, Roxana (wife of Anion Davis), Judson, William, Joseph, Elizabeth (wife of John Mar), John, Harriet (wife of Lathe Richeson), Eliza (wife of Henry Stalder) and Gregory. The last three were born in this township. David Thurston, a carpenter by trade, hailing from the Empire State, settled, in 1834, on a portion of the Aaron Shirk farm, in Survey 3,234. He was a skillful craftsman, and followed his trade here for a number of years. He died in Liberty Township, whither he had moved. Hiram Parker, another early settler in the central portion of the town- ship, came from Meigs County, about 1833, and settled about three-fourths of a mile southwest from York Center. He was an industrious citizen, and one of the first Trustees of the township. He afterward moved away. Aaron Shirk was born in Hardy County, Va. In 1818, when he was eight 524 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY years old, his father, Aaron Shirk, moved with his family to Ross County, Ohio; crossing the mountains in a tive horse team, and consuming six weeks on the journey. After a two years' sojourn in Ross County, Aaron Shirk, Sr. , moved to Liberty Township, "Union County. Here his son grew up, and spent his time in clearing his father's land and in hunting. Aaron Shirk, Jr., was married, May 9, 1833, to Rosanna Tobey. He at once purchased 145 acres from his father-in-law, Heman Tobey, at $1.50 per acre, north of York Center, built his cabin the summer of 1833, and in November of the same year settled on the place. His house was a hewed- log building, of superior finish for those times. Mr. Shirk had procui-ed the services of a competent carpenter, and the cabin boasted of a good board floor and three twelve- light windows — an unheard-of extravagance then. Most of the cabins had windows of but four to six panes of glass, or more probably were content with deer skin or oiled paper for window-panes. Mr. Shirk has ever since resided on this farm, engaged chiefly in farming, but at times he has followed other pursuits. He has made brick, burned lime, followed shoe-making, and in early times passed much time in the woods in quest of game. He thinks he has killed more than five hundred deer. He possesses an active, restless spirit, and is ill at ease unless actively engaged. Of his five children, only two are now living, Sarah, the wife of Sanford Spain, and John, of Mount Victory, The vote of the township in 1840 was eighty-four, about one-fourth the present vote. The settlers mentioned heretofore are believed to have been the first, and among the first, in the township. All the following were residents of the township prior to 1840, some of them several years before: James Bennett occupied the James Seran place, southeast corner of Sur- vey 3,468, subsequent to 1835. He came from Maryland to Tuscarawas Coun- ty, Ohio, thence here; was a Democrat, and removed to Missouri, where, from last accounts, he was still living. Simon Coder made the first improvements on the Samuel Johnson farm, in the northeast part of Survey 3,469. He came from Ross County before 1834, purchased 150 acres and followed blacksmithing. He sold the place to Thomas Butterfield, and removed to near Marysville. He is now living, in his old age, in Taylor Township. His political affiliations were Democratic. Thomas Butterfield came from Hai'rison County. He was of Quaker ex- traction, and his political principles ranked him a Whig. He raised a large family and died on the place. John Barkdale settled in the eastern part of Sarvey 3,468, north of the Richwood pike, on the place now owned by James Seran. He was a Whig and a Methodist, and removed with his wife and a son to Iowa, after his re- maining children had married. Hiram Beal located in the northwest corner of Survey 3,470. After a residence here he removed to Illinois; thence to Iowa. He was a Democrat. His father, Nicholas Beal, was an early merchant at Summersville. Georgo W. Baxley was the son of George Baxley, one of the most extensive original land-holders of the township. George W. was raised in Baltimore, Md., and came West to occupy a portion of his father's possessions. He settled on about five hundi-ed acres, the southern part of Survey 3,238, but not being accustomed to the sturdy labor of a pioneer, did not reduce it to a cultivated state with any great rapidity. He gradually disposed of his land, and at length purchased a mill site at Newton, and removed to that village. Joseph Cahill, from the eastern part of the State, settled in the southern part of Survey 3,238, but did not remain long here. He was an ardent Whig. John Cork, in 1834 or 1835, settled on the Thomas Hamilton place, in the southwestern part of Survey 3,469. He came from Ross County, and died YORK TOWNSHIP. 525 here. Religiously, he was a Methodist, politically a Whig. He was very in- genious and skillful with tools, and was successful in whatever mechanical un- dertaking he assumed. William Ennis hailed from New York. He settled on what is now the E. Haun place, in the northern part of Survey 3,237. He raised a family here, and removed to Logan County, where he died. Jacob Echard, a Pennsylvania German, occupied for a short time a little place in the southern part of Survey 3,470. When he sold, he removed to Darby Plains, and in a short time farther West. David Fulton, about 1837, came from Maryland, and settled in the north- west corner of Survey 3,470, where his son, William T. Fulton, now resides. He maintained a residence there up to the date of his death. He was straight- forward in all his transactions, and well liked. In early life, he had been a Democrat, but after the Kepublican party was organized he became a member of it. In religious life, he was known as a Seceder. Daniel Gould became an early resident in the Miller settlement, on the farm now occupied by Andrew McNeil. He was from New York, and after a resi- dence of a few years in York Township moved to Bellefontaine. John Keener, a German, Ross County farmer, settled, when an old man, in the southern part of Survey 3,470. He did not survive his emigration thither many years. James McCrea, about 1834 or 1835, came from New York, and located in the Miller settlement. He was well advanced in life when he came. He was a man of considerable intelligence, and was known as Judge McCrea. The title was deserved, for in New York he had won the ermine. His politics were Whig, and religiously he inclined toward Presbyterianism, though not a member of that denomination. He died in York Township. Nathan Ray- mond was another early settler in the Miller settlement. David Master, a young farmer from Tuscarawas County, settled north of Summersville. He was of Quaker parentage, and in a few years removed to the northern part of Ohio. Hartwell Monger became the owner and resident of a little place in the Coons settlement. He afterward removed to Illinois. William Sigler, a Marylander, came to the township a single man, soon after 1830. He first settled near Summersville, but afterward removed west of York Center, and there spent the rest of his days. He married Mary Cook, and left a family. His politics were Republican; his religion, Methodist. Adam Winters came from Maryland in 1832, and settled one mile west from Summersville. He married Eliza Sigler, sister to William Sigler. He was honest and industrious, and well respected by his neighbors. He was a noted hunter, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His death occurred in 1856. B. P. Wilkins and Abel Wait were early residents in the Miller' settle- ment. Mr. Wilkins immigrated here with his family from near Fawley, N. Y, He was a farmer, and died in the township October 27, 1858, aged sixty- six years. Mr. Wait, who entered the township about 1835, was a Yankee, and after a residence of some length in York, removed to Champaign County. James Whitaker settled near York Center. He came from New York, and from York Township emigrated to Mix^higan, where he died. Ephraim Yaringtou, from Carroll County, settled in the southern part of Survey 3,470. He reared a large family, and subsequently removed to Illi- nois, where he died. Emmet Southworth and his brothers were among: the earliest to locate in 526 HISTORY OF UxNlON COUNTY. the extreme western part of the township. Emmet is now living in Logan County. Andrew McNeil came to Ihe township from Pennsylvania in the year 1839, and has since been a continuous resident of the township, except four years, when he resided in Marysville, during his two terms of office as Auditor of Union County. Mr. McNeil was also Commissioner of the county for six years. He is one of the prominent men of Union County, and holds the esteem of his wide circle of acquaintances. Since the organization of the York Presbyterian Church, in 1830, he has been a Ruling Elder. Robert Mcllroy came from Harrison County, in 1833, and has lived here most of the time since. For more than forty years he has been class leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church. William Henson, too, came in 1833, and resided about forty years in the township. He then went West, and died soon after. His children numbered twenty-one, most of whom are dead, or have gone from the township. Mr. Henson was an industrious and well respected citizen. James Seran came to York Town.ship from Cari'oll County in 1836, pur- chasing fifty acres of land, where he now lives, at $2 per acre. Mr. Seran is honest, ha,rd- working and upright, and has amassed considerable property. He has been a leading member of the United Brethren Church for years. The first settlers arrived at the township only a few years before the In- dians departed from this neighborhood forever; but while here they hunted in common with the whites. The Indians would whenever a favorable opportunity presented, steal coons and other game from the traps of the pioneers, and in return the latter paid little regard to the rights of the savage acquaintances. One of the foremost settlers discovered an Indian robbing his traps and almost at the sama instant the Indian espied him and sprang behind a tree. To the demand of the hunter to come forth, the red man made no response for awhile, but afterward pled the lateness of the hour of the day and the necessity of I'eaching his camp immediately. He sped away fleetly, leaving the trapper indignant, but in possession of his game. The next morning, with his brother, he started through the woods in search of the camp of the Indians. It was discovered in the lower part of Washington Township, but the Indians were not there. After searching in the vicinity for them, they returned to the camp, placed the combustible matter it contained in a heap in the center, and applied a torch. They lingered about till the camp was reduced to ashes, then returned home. The Indians were never seen or heard of afterward. Another pioneer, missing game from his traps, cut on the bark of a beech tree the figure of an Indian, bound and lashed by a white man. Soon after an Indian drew the figure of a white man on a tree with a bullet hole through the arm. On the same tree the original artist sketched a dusky savage pierced through the heart with a rifle ball. This was the last of the series and the Indians avoided that vicin- ity thereafter, it is said. Deer was abundant before much of the land was cleared and many of the settlers became very successful in hunting this and other game. Aaron Shirk, in his youth, was quite a huntsman. He was keen-sighted, cool, muscular and active. He once picked up his rifle and went out to shoot a deer. His young- er brother had been squirrel hunting the day before and left a light load in the gun. Mr. Shirk was unaware of this, and supposed the gun was heavily charged. He saw a large buck lying behind a log and tired, shooting it through the neck. The buck fell over, and, supposing he had killed it, Mr. Shirk rushed up to it, without reloading, and was making ready to cut its throat with a butcher knife he had with him when the infuriated animal, that YORK TOWNSHIP. 527 had only been stunned rushed at him. The only thing to do was to seize the buck by the horns, and a struggle was commenced which continued an hour and extended over two acres of gi'ound. Once the young man, despairing of wearing out the strength of his foe released his hold and sprang behind a large oak. His dog, however, that had rendered him great service in the con- test sprang at the throat of the buck, which partially stumbled, and Aaron again entered the lists. In the contest he had lost his knife, but when the strug- gles of the animal became feebler through exhaustion, Mr. Shirk succeeded in opening his pocket knife with his teeth, and severing an artery in the neck of the buck. It was two weeks later when he had fully recovered from the effects of the battle. VILLAGES. Summersville is a little village located on Bokes Creek, in the eastern part of the township and in the southern part of Survey 3,468. This survey was pur- chased by James R. Smith, John Johnson and William Summers, and they were the proprietors of the town. The first two had become residents on the survey; Mr. Summers was a Methodist minister at Leesburg, Carroll Co., Ohio, and never lived in York Township. The plat was surveyed by Levi Phelps and recorded August 11, 1835. It comprised forty-eight lots facing on two streets, Main and Cross streets. When surveyed, the land was yet uncleared, and John Johnson felled the first timber on the site. The first cabin was erected by Thomas Price. It was a log cabin of the usual pattern, but soon after Mr. Price built a two-story hewed-log house and occupied it as propri- etor of the village tavern for several years. John Johnson had had an ashery at this place or near it before the plat was made. He was the first merchant in the village. His goods he purchased at Columbus and at first offered them for sale at his cabin. The stock consisted mainly of groceries with a few dry goods. John Price, the son of Thomas Price, moved to the village soon after it was surveyed and pursued the avocation of carpentering. William Kirk, a local Methodist minister, was another early arrival. He came from Carroll County and started the first tailor shop. After engaging in this trade for a number of years, he removed to a farm near Summersville with his wife Nancy and family, and died there in 1874, at a good old age. He was well respected by all who knew him. The proprietors were active in their endeavors to build up the town, as the following advertisement will certify. It was published January 28, 1842, in the Union Gazette of Marysville: Sale of Land and Town Lots. — The subscriber will offer at public sale on Friday, the 35th of February next, lots in the town of Summersville and adjoining thereto. These will be laid off in tracts of various sizes, say from three to ten acres each, fronting on State roads, so as to suit mechanics and tradesmen, several of whom would meet with good employment in this new and growing community. A blacksmith, gunsmith, carpen- ter and joiner, cabinet-maker, wheelwright, cooper, saddler, etc., etc., are much needed. There are at present in the village one tannery, one boot and shoe maker, two chair and bedstead factories and one wagon-maker's shop; also a good saw mill within a half mile. Terms: One-third in hand or to be paid on the Ist of April, and the balance in two equal annual payments. John Johnson, Agent. Summersville, January 28, 1842. The tannery alluded to was started by John Thomas. In a few years' he sold it to Nicholas Beal. L. Gr. Monroe and Thomas Hyde were subse- quent owners. The tannery has been operated until within recent years. John Price had a small bedstead factory, the only one now remembered. Adam Hatfield probably had the first wagon shop, and Charles Bennett is believed to have been the first shoe-maker. Dr. Charles Morrow, of Summersville, was the first physician in the town- ship. He came from the eastern part of Ohio about 1837. He used as reme- 628 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. dies herbs to a great extent, a system quite popular for a time in early days. Dr. Morrow subsequently removed to Delaware for the purpose of giving his children the advantages of a collegiate education. He returned, but bis school of medicine had lost favor with the people to a considerable extent, and the Doctor gave Lis attention more to farming. He died at Mount Victory. Dr. Amon S. Davis was a long and successful practitioner at Summereville. Dr. A. J. Richardson is the only resident physician of the village at present. He has been in continuous practice ever since 1866. Drs. G. W. Ramage, J. W. Reading and others have in the past practiced in this vicinitj^. The Summersville of to-day is of scarcely more importance than the same village was forty years ago. When mud roads prevailed, it was quite aj trad- ing point for the farmers in this part of the township, but since the construc- tion of good pikes the people seek larger, though more distant, towns. For- merly there were two flourishing stores and a hotel. Now all the mercantile business is transacted with A. M. Crawford. There are two blacksmith shops and a shoe shop, two churches and a good school in the village, and perhaps one hundred and fifty people. James M. Darling is the present Postmaster. York Lodge, No. 672, I. O. O. F., was instituted August 16, 1877. The charter members were L. H. Southard, Lemuel Cahill, L. W. Smith, John Ogan, John Sterling, William Haines and Peter Ware. The membership is now large and the lodge flourishing. It has a good hall. The present oflicers are E. R. Wilkins, N. G.; G. W. Westlake, V. G. ; S. S. Mcllroy, Rec. Sec; F. L. Kezertee, Per. Sec.; Dr. A. J. Richardson, Treasurer. York Center, comprising about fifteen dwelling houses, two stores and a wagon shoi^ and a blacksmith shop, is situated near the geographical center of the township. Prior to 1860, the site of the village was void of any build ings, save oae or two farm residences, but in that year Charles Corey built a cabin here and brought to it a general stock of goods which he arranged in a room of his cabin and offered for sale. Ed Cranston in a few years built a store-room and purchased the Corey stock of goods. One after another family moved in until the village attained its present size. Tbe two merchants nou in business here are Dexter White and George Hornbeck. A post office was established early in the history of the township at Jon- athan Miller's. The office was then kept by B. Wilkins, north of Bokes Creek, for many years, commencing about 1838. At his dea th, Henry Tobey, Hugh T. Knox and others dispensed the mail here. When the first store was opened at York Center, the office was brought here and kept by a succession of mer- chants to the present time. George Hornbeck is the present Postmaster. A village was platted at York Center, June 24, 1841, but it came to naught. MILLS. The first grist mill in the township was built by Thomas R. Price on Bokes Creek, just north of York Center. In order to have the convenience of a mill in the neighborhood, Aaron Shirk and Harrison Storms volunteered their assistance in erecting it. The buildinor was a hewed-loor structure. Be- fore it was completed, Mr. Price sold it to Joseph Cahill. It was finished by him about 1840, and after a few years he transferred it to H. T. Knox, who added steam power and a saw mill, using water power whenever available. This mill was conducted until within a few years. Thomas Price constructed a small "corn-cracker" on Bokes Creek, south of Summersville, near the cemetery, where he endeavored to accommodate his neighbors with corn grists as often as desired. In a few years, a turbulent freshet swept it away and the quondam owner did not replace it with another. Adam Winters was the possessor of a saw mill, operated by water-power, west JrPO-T^^l^ \J^£^-CL^-M^^/^zxJ ^ YORK TOWNSHIP. 531 of Summersville, and attached a small pair of buhrs, which, for some time, were patronized to some extent by the early settlers. An extensive tile factory, about midway between York Center and Sum- mersville, has been in operation about three years. It is owned by John Trem- ble. SCHOOLS. In York township there are now eleven school districts and eleven sub- stantial, well-constructed school buildings. The early schools followed closely the settlements as they were made in different parts of the township. Al- though there were no district schools in the first years of the township sup- ported by piiblic taxation, yet the townships were divided into districts for the purpose of apportioning among the different settlements, in proportion to the enumeration of youths, a small school fund which probably arose from the sale of school lands. In 1834, two districts reported to the County Clerk; one contained fifty-four children, the other seventy-one. In 1835, a third dis- trict was formed; and in 1836, a fourth, with a total enumeration in the four districts of 133. A small log structure with a huge wooden fire-place and clay chimney at one end, was erected at Summersville soon after the village was platted. It was used also as a meeting house for some time. John Johnson taught the first school heie, receiving $8 per month. In 1834, Elias Johnson taught a school in the little cabin which Samuel Hyde built during the summer of 1832. A schoolhouse was soon after erect- ed on the farm of Elias Johnson by the pioneers in the vicinity of Summers- ville. Elias and John Johnson taught here for a few years, until the school- house burned. One was then built west of Bokes Creek and one at Summers- ville. A. E. Knox was an old and faithful instructor. He taught many years in different districts of York. Dr. Joshua Skidmore, when a young man, taught here also. Miss Barber, Miss Roxy Munger and Miss Elizabeth Whittaker were also- early teachers. Miss Penny, from Darby Plains, taught the first school near York Center in a log schoolhouse which stood a short distance north of the Center, on the south bank of Bokes Creek. John Sterling soon after had a school about two miles north of York Center, on Levin Wright's farm. Miss Fenner and Mrs. Mary Johnson were among the earliest of precep- tresses of the York Township youth. The latter received for her services $1 per scholar for the term, payable in corn, potatoes and coon skins, the latter being rated at '25 cents each. The following is related of the first school in the Miller settlement: "In 1838, the children in the Miller settlement had so increased as to raise the question — how shall these children be educated ? A young man in their midst was willing to teach for moderate pay, but there was no schoolhouse. This difficulty was soon solved. Mr. Joseph Miller generously offered the use of his residence during the usual school hours of the day. This offer was ac- cepted. The seminary was opened, and morning after morning during the term IVEr. Miller and his aged companion rose early, did up their morning work, ate their breakfast, arranged the seats for school, and then left the house and hied their way to their eldest son's residence, and returned again in the evening after school was dismissed. Thus, day after day was the labori- ous, self-denying, monotonous drudgery performed by this aged pair for the benefit of others." CHURCHES. In York Township there are three congregations and three church edi- fices of the Methodist Episcopal denomination, known as the Summersville, 532 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. McKendree and Bethel Churches. The Summersville class was the lirst relig- ious society in the township. It was organized in the winter of 1835, at Sum- mersville, by Rev. E. T. Webster, with about twenty-five members. Among the prominent early members were John Johnson, William Kirk, James R. Smith and Robert McElroy. John Johnson was the first class leader. The services for several years were held in the dwelling houses of some of the members, but in a short time a log meeting house was erected on the lot where the present church stands. The lot was donated to the church by William Summers. This rude church structure continued to serve as a place of wor- ship until 1856, when a frame church was erected at the same place. It in turn gave place a few years ago to a new, neat and comfortable frame edifice, surmounted by beli'ry and bell, erected at a cost. of about $2,200, under the pastorate of Rev. Solomon Lindsley. The present membership of this society is about sixty. Rev. J. W. Donnon is the minister in charge. The circuit of which this congregation is a part includes three other charges — McKendree, Byhalia and Bethel. An interesting and instructive Sabbath school is regu- larly maintained. The McKendi'ee society was organized about 1838, at the residence of Gregory Storms. Besides Gregory, David Davis and Henry Tobey were the principal original members. Other early members were Harrison Storms, William Tobey, Abel Waites, John Sterling, David Sterling, Elizabeth Hyde and Margaret Brooks. Revs. Kimber and Phillips were among the earliest ministers in charge. Like most early churches, meetings for a few years were held at the cabins of the members. ?^bout 1841, a log church was reared on the site of the present church, which was built about 1858. It stands near the center of the township between York Center and Bokes Creek. A steeple and bell have been added since. The society is in a prosperous con- dition and contains a membership of more than one hundred and twenty-five, divided into six classes. Since the first church was built, a Sabbath school has been held each summer, and for the last few years without any intermis- sion. Bethel Methodist Episcopal Chui'ch is located in the extreme western part of the township, three miles west from York Center, and the society that worships here is of more recent date than the other two of the same denomi- nation in this township. A society formerly existed, which worshiped in a brick church some distance south of the present edifice, and when the building became old and dilapidated, it was pronounced unsafe, and the society divided, a fraction afiiliating with the Methodist Church at West Mansfield, the re- mainder forming a new society. Rev. Joseph Avery Wright was the first min- ister. This was about 1870. A commodious frame structure was erected and dedicated by Rev. Alexander Harmount, then Presiding Elder of the district. The membership was small at first, but has increased to about thirty-five. A union Sabbath school has been held since the erection of the church. Spain Skidmore is the present Superintendent. The York Township Free- Will Baptist Church was organized at the house of George Coons, June 29, 1839. The discourse was delivered by Elder David Dudley, and thirteen persons presented themselves, and entered into a chm-ch covenant. They were George Coons, Aaron Shirk, Thomas S. Coons, Jacob Bollenbaugh, Levin Wright, Keziah Coons, Rosanna Shirk, Rebecca Coons, Sarah Bollenbaugh, Letitia Wright, Elizabeth Sowthers, Sophrona Scudder and Nancy Thornton. The early meetings were held at the house of George Coons. Thomas S. Coons was appointed clerk. Elder David Dudley was the first pastor. He preached once a month and received $30 per year for his serv- ices. He closed his labors with the church in January, 1850, after a YORK TOWNSHIP. 533 pastorate of nearly eleven years. In October, 1849, the congregation, in order to meet the salary of their pastor and pay the expenses of the church, unanimously agreed that each able-bodied brother should pay $1 per year and each sister 50 cents, and in addition each member should pay one-eighth per cent of the value of all his property, above bis liabilities. In April, 1850, Kindall Higgins was elected pastor at $25 salary per annum. He removed to the West in the spring of 185(3, having remained in charge of the congregation up to that time. Under his charge, the fii'st meeting hous^ was built. It stood in the northern part of the township in Survey 5, 289, and on a lot donated to the church by James G. Paxton and others, residents of Virginia, under deed dated May 27, 1851. A building committee had been appointed March 29, 1851. The dedication sermon was delivered on the sec- ond Saturday of February, 1853, by Elder O. E. Baker, fx-om Kings Iviii, 8. In July, 1856, Elder Collier was elected pastor at a salary of $50. December 12, 1857, G. W. Baker was elected to the pastorate. Two years later, El- der William Cook became the minister and remained in charge three years. He was succeeded in 1862 by Elder J. L. Collier. About 1865, Elder B. F. Zell entered into a pastoral relation with the church that continued for al- most fourteen years. In 1873, the congregation erected a new house of worship at an expense of $1,053. It stands some distance east of the old church on a lot donated to the church by Levin Wright. It is a neat and comfortable frame structure. J. H. Baldwin succeeded Elder Zell in 1879, and remained with the church one year. Elder Leander Johnson then served the congregation a year and was followed by Elder J. B. Lash, who preached for eighteen months. Elder Kindall Higgins, in October, 1882, was elected pastor and now supplies the church. The membership is forty. David L. Tusing is the present clerk. A Sabbath school was organized many years ago and is held throughout the en- tire year. The first Presbyterian Church of York Township is located near the north- eastern corner of the township in the Joseph Miller Survey. The first preaching in the vicinity was by Rev. William D. Smith, then of Marysville, Ohio, in the Marion Presbytery. The congregation was organized at the house of Beriah P. Wilkins, November 9, 1839, by Revs. William D. Smith and William M Gal- breath, the latter of Milford Center. The following were then and there re- ceived on certificate: Andrew McNeil, Mary McNeil, Dennis Mears, Lucy Ann Mears, Mrs. Amanda Wilkins, Adelaine Gould, Miriam Lister, Martha Ray- mond, Ambrose C. and Mary Jane Raymond, Hannah Cahill, Jane Graham, and John and Catherine Keanor, Jemima Miller was received on examination. The same day, Andrew McNeil and Dennis Mears were elected Ruling Elders. Rev. W. D. Smith became the stated supply and preached about every seventh Sabbath and about as often on week days until the spring of 1841. For a year the congregation was then without a regular supply, though there was occasional preaching. Rev. Cephas D. Cook supplied the church for two years from April, 1842-44. During the summer of 1845, Rev. James Robin- son, then in his seventy-seventh year, spent alterate Sabbaths with the church. In 1846, he resumed charge, preaching every fourth Sabbath for six months. In November, in that year. Rev. James Campbell visited the church, and on invitation preached for the congregation one year. In the spring of 1848, Rev. James A. Sterrett was appointed supply and served till the autumn of 1849. Rev. James Smith, of Marysville, then devoted a portion of his time to the church till the spring of 1855. Rev. Heniy Hess preached alternate Sabbaths for a year, beginning April, 1856. The church was then occasion- ally served by Rev. John W. Drake and others for a year, and in May, 1858, 534 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Rev. Evan Evans became stated supply, serving until September, 1860. Rev. Henry Vandeman vv^as stated supply from April, 1861, to April, 1865; Rev. Alexander S. Thorne, from April, 1865, to October, 1869; Henry Shedd, from May, 1870, to the spring of 1873, preaching each alternate Sabbath in sum- mer and occasionally in winter. John W. Thompson preached during the summer of 1873. Nearly every Sabbath during the following winter the pul- pit was vacant. In the summer of 1874, Rev. Henry Shedd returned. In ^pril, 1875, Rev. Charles S. Wood commenced his labors in this church in connection with the Richwood Presbyterian Church, and served until January, 1876. In November of that year. Rev. Charles W. Torrey began a pastorate which continued three years, devoting one-half his time to this church. Rev. William G. Marsh is the present pastor. The first meetings were held chiefly at the dwelling houses of Joseph Miller, Beriah Wilkins and James McCrea, but after a few years the services were transferred to the Miller Schoolhouse and conducted there until the first church edifice was erected in 1855. It was a frame building, 28x40, built on a lot of ground donated to the church by Beriah "Wilkins and was dedicated in February, 1855, by Rev. James Smith, assisted by Rev. James A. Sterrett. This house of worship remained in use until the fall of 1882. Diu*ing the summer of 1882, a tasty, well-finished and handsome frame church was erected on the same lot where the old church building stood. It is 32x48 feet in size, and was constnicted at a cost of about $2,300. The principal contributors to the erection of this house of worship w^ere Andrew McNeil, W^illiam T. Fulton, John Sterling, William McGinnis, Sylvanus Taylor, Isaac Cahill, Benton Cahill, Anthony Middlesworth, Uriah Cahill, and J3enjamin Thomas. It was dedicated November 5, 1882, by Dr. Taylor, of Wooster University, from first Kings, vi, 7. Andrew McNeil and Dennis Mears remained the only Ruling Elders until 1851, when John E. Cahill was added to the number. January 5,1857, Rich- ard McEldery and Charles E. Wilkins were elected additional Elders. In 1865. Dennis Mears removed to Illinois, and Richard McEldery to Allen County, Ohio, but their places in the session were not filled. In 1874, the congregation fixed the term of service of Elders at three years. It had previously been for life or until removal for cause. In 1844, Uriah Cahill was elected and re- elected in 1877 and 1880. Charles W^ilkins and Andrew McNeil have also been re-elected and are also members of the session. The latter has served as Elder since the organization of the church, an uninterrupted term of over fifty three years. In 1879, William McElroy was elected as Elder. The congregation has a substantial membership of about forty, and is in all respects a flourishing society. Its membership was greatest about 1864. Since that time there has been a considerable emigration from the church to the West. During the summers, a Sabbath school has been regularly main- tained since the organization of the church. Mt. Pleasant United Brethren Church is situated about a mile south of York Center. The society was organized about 1850, through the eff'orts of Rev. Frederick Hendricks. Its early membership was drawn largely from the Methodist society at York Center. The first meetings of the newly formed class were held in Henry Tobey's blacksmith shop and in the neighboring schoolhouse, but within a short time a hewed log house was built, finished in primitive style with plank seats, most of them without backs. Henry Tobey, David Davis, Amon Davis, George Davis, Sr., and their families, William Tobey. William Henson and family were early members. The old church stood on the land of William Murphy, and was used only ten or twelve years, when the present handsome frame edifice was erected on land donated by Casper Stalder, through the eflbrts and contributions of William Henson, Judson YORK TOWNSHIP. 535 Storms, Amon Davis, David Davis and the citizens residing in the vicinity. The membership now includes about seventy souls. Summersville Circuit, to which this church belongs, comprises, besides it, Mt. Zion, Darby and West Manslield Churches. David Davis, one of the first members, was a local pi'each- er and served on this circuit for several years. The United Brethren Church at Summersville was organized about 1850 in the Hyde Schoolhouse. A building was commenced here, but Summers- ville, upon reconsideration, was deemed a better site and the building was removed and completed there. It is a frame and is still in use and has re- cently been refitted and repaired. The society was once strong. Among the earlier members were Moses Horn and wife, George Davis and wife, James Meadles and wife, Ephraim Yarington, wife and sons and the Keeners. Owing to removals of members from the township and deaths, the membership has been greatly reduced, and is now quite small. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. P. C. ADAMS, farmer, P. 0. Broadway, was born in Fayette County, Ohio, September 17, 1824, and is a son of Charles and Mary (Cline) Adams, the former a native of Delaware, of En- glish descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. The father was a farmer and stock dealer, and for fourteen years made a business of driving cattle from Fayette County to the markets at Cincinnati. Our subject was reared on a farm and received such ad- vantages of education as were at hand for farm boys at an early day. He has been a life-long farmer and has met with success in all of his farm operations. He has resided in York Town- ship since 1862, at which time he came, with his family, as a paroled prisoner. He enlisted in the Ninetieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was taken prisoner and paroled in Kentucky in 1862. He afterward enlisted in the Eighth Indiana Volunteers, and was detailed Commissary Ser- geant and wounded in 1864 while guarding a railroad train. He is a stanch Republican in politics, but, being a quiet, unobtrusive man, has never aspired to official position and has had no such honors bestowed on him by his party. He is a representative man of his township, the owner of 168 acres of well-cultivated land and has made his possessions by his own personal ef- forts. He was married, in 1858, to Lenora Green, a native of Logan County, Ohio, and a daughter of Rev. Thomas Green. By this union eight children were born, six surviving, viz.: Indiana, wife of Washington Patree ; Nancy, wife of William Johnson ; Lydia A., wife of Rich- ard Harris; Maria Ellen, wife of H. Henson ; Armetha M., wife of C. Bennett ; and Charles W. JOSEPH T. ATHA, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. Thomas Atha, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Maryland, in 1786, and with his parents, removed to Loudoun County, Virginia, where he married, probably in the year 1804, Miss Abigail Miller, by whom he had fourteen children, eight of whom are now living, viz.: John, William, Sarah, Elizabeth, Joseph T., Nancy A., Simeon L. and Thomas. In 1810, he emigrated to Champaign County, Ohio, where he remained but a few months. In the spring of 1811, he moved to Logan County and settled in the woods in Monroe Township. During the war of 1812, he enlisted in the service as Drum-Major, fcr three months, and for his services, from the Government, received a grant of land in Illinois. A short time after he had settled in Logan County, Mrs. Atha, who still resides there, one day had occasion to gather some ginseng, the root of which was then in demand for medicinal purposes ; she was accompanied by two faithful curs, who on their way encountered a wolf, and after a long struggle, with her assistance, they succeeded in destroying the beast. The Government, at that time, paid a reward of $10 for every wolf scalp that was brought to Urbana, where she forthwith took the scalp and received her reward. With the many priva- tions of life which they encountered, by faithful adherence to business and to habits of industry, they succeeded in making for themselves and family a comfortable home. Mr. Atha died in October, 1870; his widow still survives him, now in her ninety-sixth year, and though old, she has retained her reason and memory uncommonly well for one of her age. Our subject was born in Logan County, Ohio, .January 23, 1827, and received a good common school education. When twenty years of age, he came to Union County and began school teaching, in which he continued, alternately, for perhaps thirteen years. For his first teaching he received |10 per month, which was considered very good wages, but during the latter part of his teaching he received as high as f25 per month ; " and at these prices made and saved enough money to make the first payment on his land." On May 8, 1850, he was united in marriage v?ith Miss Nancy A. Skidmore, who was born February 8, 1832, in Logan County. She was a daughter of Joshua and Hope Skidmore, who were early settlers in Logan County. To them have been born eight children — Sarah E., David P., Henry C, Mary F., Hope A., Charity D., Orinda J. and Rachel, the latter two of whom are deceased ; he is also rearing as his own his grandchild, Ida M. AVilgus, daughter of Lorenzo D. and Orinda J. Wilgus, the latter being the 536 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. eldest daughter of our subject, and having been wedded to her husband but eleven months, died. In 1856, Mr. Atha settled in the southwestern portion of York Township, Union County, where he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Atha, with their four oldest children, are members of the M. E. Church. He has served as School Director many years, and is the owneu of eighty-two acres of land. AMOS W. BALLINGER, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. Thomas Ballenger, deceased, father of our subject, was born February 18, 1826, in Logan County, Ohio, he was a son of Caleb Ballinger, deceased, and Rebecca Ballinger, his mother at present" residing with Mr. Isaac Dalley, of this township. For his first wife, in Logan County, he married Mary A. Harvey ; nine of their children are now living — Alonzo H., Eliza .J., Caleb E., Rebecca E., Hannah W., William B., Alice L., Amos W. and George M. After her decease in December, 1862, he mar- ried Christena Bechtel, who was born January 16, 184o, in Fairfield County, Ohio; her parents were Andrew and INIagdalena Bechtel. By her he had four children, two of whom are still living — Andrew S. and John E. He was a member of the M. E. Church, and died March 25, 1878. He left 111 acres of land to his widow who survives him and resides in the western por- tion of York Township. Our subject was born in Union County, Ohio, August 8, 1857. On September 16, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor Winner who was born in Febru- ary, 1857; she was a daughter of John and Margaret Winner — both deceased — of Logan County. To them has been born one child, viz.. Mary M., born May 7, 1878. Mr. Ballinger is a mem- ber of the M. E. Church, a Republican, and the owner of seventy acres of land. JONATHAN BEARD, farmer, P. 0. York. Our subject was born in Delaware (now Morrow) County, Ohio, October 2, 1820; he is a son of Victor and Mary A. Beard, natives of New York State, who were married in Delaware County, Ohio, and were the parents of five children, two of whom are now living, viz.: Jonathan and Joseph. About the year 1854, they came to Union County, where they remained until their decease, the former in September, 1855, and the latter in June, 1876. Jonathan, on July 30, 1846, was married to Miss Polly Stevens, who was born June 28, 1830 ; she was a daughter of Elijah and Phoebe Stevens, of Knox County, Ohio. To them have been born eight children — Coraelia, Elizabeth A., Mary E. , James J. N., Philander W., Clara B., Jonathan C. and one deceased. In 1848. he came to Leesburg Township, Union County, and aftpr living in different portions of Union County, he finally, in the autumn of 1881, settled in York Township, where he now resides. Mr. Beard is a member of the M. E. Church, and the owner of over eighty acres of land. LEVI H. BECHTEL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born Decem- ber 23, 1842, in Fairfield County, Ohio; his parents are David Bechtel (deceased) and Matilda Bechtel. When five years of age his father died, and a short time after, with his mother, he moved to Delaware County, where he remained until the spring of 1875, when he came to Union County. On October 8, 1865, he married Miss Nancy J. Mills, who was born October, 1842, and was daughter of the late Rev. Pierson IMills, of Deliware County. By this union there has been an issue of three children — Charles W., born March 2, 1876; Rosa B., born August 2, 1877, and Frank C., born July 13, 1878. Mr. Bechtel was one of the incorporators of the Union County Farmers' Insurance Company, and at present is one of the Directors. He is also serving as trustee of York Township, and is connected with the Richwood Importing Com- pany. He is a Democrat, the owner of ninety- seven acres of land and resides in the northern portion of York Township. L. W. BOLENBAUGH, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, December 18, 1836; he is a son of .Jacob Bolenbaugh (deceased) and Sarah Bolenbaugh, natives of Pennsylvania, who with their parents come to Ohio when quite young. They were married in Fairfield County, Ohio, March 20, 1830. In 1834, they came to Union County and settled in York Township, where our subject now resides. In August, 1878, Jacob departed this life, respected by all who knew him; his widow survives him and resides at the home of our subject. They were the parents of three children — Lewis F., David D. and L. W. Our subject was reared on a farm and received but a limited education. On October 1, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Alvira Harris, who was born July 6, 1840, and was a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Harris. To them have been born five children — David C, Howard (de- ceased), Ida, Otis G. and Maud. In March, 1865, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninety-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was employed principally in doing garrison duty. He received an honorable discharge in September, 1865. Mr. Bolenbaugh is one of the incorpora- tors of the Union County Farmers' Insurance Company, and is the owner of 118 acres of land in a high state af cultivation. URIAH CAHILL, farmer, P. 0. York, was born in Claibourne Township, on the Cahill homestea(l, in this county, December 29, 1841. In 1839, his parents, John E. and Hannah Cahill, came to Union County, and settled near Fulton Creek, in Claibourne Township. Uriah, in his youth devoted his time principally to farming, and obtaining a good English education. In September, 1862, he enlisted in the Thirty first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Third Division, Fourteenth Corps, Army of the Cumberland, and participated in nearly all the battles in which Gen. Thomas' command was engaged; also the Atlanta campaign, and in Sherman's grand march to the sea. He remained with Sherman's army until the close of the war, and was honorably YORK TOWNSHIP. 537 discharged in July, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio. On March 3, 1864, while home on veteran furlough, he married Isabel Worbs, a daughter of Laban H. and Martha J. Worbs, of Union County, and a sister of Mrs. Lemuel Cahill. To them have been born two children — James C and Isaac J. In August, 1868, he settled in the southern poriion of York Township, of which he has served as Trustee several years. In the fall of 1881, he was elected for three years a County Commissioner, the duties of which ofBce he is performing with credit to himself and the county. In June, 1881, he was elected the first President of the Union County Farmers' Insurance Company, and in June, 1882, was re-elected to the same office. He is a member of the F. & A. M. society, and of the Presbyterian Church at York Center, and the owner of a fine farm of 220 acres. LEMUEL CAIIILL, farmer, P. O. York, was born in Claibourne Township, on the Cahill homestead, about four miles west of Richwood, January 12, 1847. His parents were John E. and Hannah Cahill, of whom we have made mention in another portion of this work. After receiving a rudimentary education, he attended, for nine months, a high school at MarysviiJe. and during the latter portion of 1867, and beginning of 1868, he attended, for six months, the Ohio Business College at Delaware, from which institution he received a diploma.. On May 23, 1870, he married Miss Mary F. Worbs, daughter of Laban H. and Martha J. Worbs. They had two children — Cora B., born November 25, 1871, died July 8, 1872, and John H., born March 25, 1873. In 1871, Mr. Cahill settled in the southern portion of York Township, near where he now resides. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and the owner of 241 acres of tillable land. GEORGE W. COONS, farmer, P. 0. Byhalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, July 29, 1840. His parents were Thomas S. Coons and Rebecca Coons, the latter now deceased. In December, 1861, he enlisted in the Eighty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was attached to the Army of West Virginia. He participated in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Cross Keys, Sulphur Springs, and the second battle of Bull Run, where he received a wound in the left leg, which terminated in a thigh amputation. On the battle-field he was taken prisoner by the confederates, and left eight days without food. He, however, finally was properly ex- changed, and was honorably discharged from the service on November 25, 1862. On January 25, 1872, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Elliott, who was born January 26, 1849, in Portage County, Ohio ; she is a daughter of Wilkinson and Sarah Elliott. To them have been born four children, three of whom are now living — Orville F., Orland T., an infant and one de- ceased. Mr. (]oons has served as Asses.sor of York Township; has been successful in business, and is the owner of a fine farm of 158 acres of land. He resides in the northern portion of York Township. STERLING F. COONS, farmer, P. 0. Byhalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, September 6, 1847; is a son of Thomas S. and Rebecca (deceased) Coons. From his youth, he has devoted his attention principally to agricultural pursuits. On July 25, 1870, he married Mi-s Hope Haines, who was horn June 9, 1852, in Union County, Ohio. She is a daughter of Jonathan and Mary (dece rsed) Haines. For ten years subsequent to his marriage, he resided near Rush Creek, in Washington Township, but in the spring of 1880 he locaied in the homestead farm in the northern portion of York Township. Politically, he is a Repub- lican, and he is the owner of 150 acres of land in a good state of cultivation. N. H. COONS, farmer, P. 0. York, was born in Licking County, Ohio, April 18, 1825, and is a son of George and Keziah Coons, who settled in York Township in 1830. His father filled several important offices in the township and died in 1856, respected by all who knew him. On May 15, 1852, he married Miss Fidelia Phelps, who was born in 1831 ; her father was a Baptist minister and a very active member of society. They have had eight children, of whom four are now living — Cynthia A., Jason, James and Mary I. Mr. Coons resides on his farm in the northern portion of York Township. JOHN M. CURL, farmer, P. O. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born November 18, 1828, in Logan County, Ohio. His parents were James R. Curl (deceased) and Louisa Curl, both natives of Viiginia. He was rearod to man's estate on a farm and received the rudiments of an English education in a district school. On March 13, 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss Caroline M. Munsell, who was born December 15, 1836, in Lorain County, Ohio ; she was a daughter of Alvin and Mary Munsell. To them have been born eight chil- dren, viz.: Louisa, born April 26, 1857: James N., born November 30, 1858; Emily E., born .lune 2,1861, died December 5, 1862; Clement L., born January 1, 1864 ; Robert P., born Au- gust S, 1866; Nellie C, born August 20, 1868; Huldah E., born September 15, 1871 ; and Charlie, born March 4, 1877. Mr. Curl resides in the western portion of York Township and is the owner of seventy-two acres of land. JEREMIAH M. DANFORTH. farmer, P. 0. Raymond. The subject of this sketch was born June 18, 1825, in Licking County, Ohio ; he is a son of David and Anne Danforth, who emigrated from Vermont to Licking County, Ohio, in 1817. They remained in Licking County until 1837, in which year they came to Union County. They were the parents of seven children three of whom are now living, viz. : Bliss, .lulia, and Jeremiah M. Our subject has from his youth been engaged in thepursuits of agriculture, and he received but a rudementary education. 538 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. On October 14. 1847, he was united in marriage with Miss Polly A. Smith, who was born March 24, 1823 ; she was a daughter of Charles and Sarah Smith, of whom we have made mention in this work. To them were born four children, viz. : Thomas C, born September 14, 1848; Eliza J., born May 22, 1851 ; Sarah A., born February 27, 1855; and David S., born January 24, 1861. Mr. Danforth for more than one-ihird of a century enjoyed with his faithful wife the pleasures of married life, when on Decembe-- 26, 1881, death called her away ; she left behind her a wealth of love and affection, and will not soon be forgotten by the loved ones who mourn their irretrievable loss. For several years Mr. Danforth served as Justice of the Peace in Taylor Township. He is a member of F. & A. M. lodge and the owner of 72J acres of land. He resides in the southern portion of York Township. He had two brothers.'who participated in the war of the late rebellion; his father, David, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and his grand- father, Peter Danforth, was a valiant soldier of the Revolutionary war. JAMES M. DARLING, Notary Public and insurance agent, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The sub- ject of this sketch was born in Windsor County, Vt., April 25, 1817, and in September, 1836, with the Stoddard family, he left Vermont for Ohio. Their journey was long and tedious, trav- elintt by stage, by the Erie Canal and by Lake Erie. After many disappointments and having en- dured many privations, they finally, over muddy roads and through inclement weather, by way of Columbus, arrived at Woodstock, Champaign County, which was their destination. For per- haps ten years he resided in Woodstock, the first three years of which during the summer months he worked on a farm and in the winter taught school. For the following seven years he engaged in the boot and shoe making, having learned the trade with his father when a young man. In 1840, he married .Jane Harvey, daughter of Erastus Harvey (a Baptist preacher), and Ann Harvey, both of whom are deceased. To them were born three children, viz. : Charles W., John R., and Elizabeth. Mrs. Darling died June 3, 1845, and in February, 1849, he married Mary A. Shirk, by whom he had three children, viz. : David 0., Alice M. and Joseph M. His second wife died April 23, 1865, and on November 12, 1865, he married for his third wife Amy Wavford, widow of the late Joseph Warford. In 1846, he left Woodstock for Middletown, where he followed his trade for five years and from there he moved to a farm in Paint Township, Madison County, where he remained until he came to Union County. He first located in Lib- erty Township, but in October, 18G5, he came to Summersville, York Township, where he now re- sides, and is engaged in the boot and shoe business. In .lanuary, 1869, he was appointed Post- master, and is still serving as such ; for many years he has been a Notary Public and Commis- sioner of Deeds. Mr. Darling takes considerable interest in literary matters, one of his produc- tions being a brief but valuable history of York Township published in 1876. He is a member of the Christian Church. ELZA H. DAVIS (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born December 9, 1816, in Pennsylvania. His parents were David and Elizabeth Davis. When a young man, he came to Ohio, and in October, 1846, in Marion County, he was joined in matrimony to Miss Mary E. Walker, who was born October 16, 1829. She was a daughter of James and Elizabeth Walker, natives of Delaware, who came to Pickaway and subsequently to Marion County at quite an early day. By this union there has been an issue of seven children, three of whom are now living, viz. : Elza C, James E. and George D. Shortly after the date of his marriage he came to Union County, and settled in the northeastern portion of York Township, where he remained until his decease. He was an affectionate husband and father, and esteemed by all who knew him. In his death Union County lost one of her most energetic and best citizens. He left to his widow, who still resides where he settled, 285 acres of land. DAVID B. DAVIS, farmer, P. 0. York. George Davis, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, August 23, 1816, and in 1821, with his parents, David and Keziah Davis, he came to Harrison County, Ohio, where they remained until 1833, in which year they came to Union County and settled in York Township. He married in Union County Miss Nancy Hyde, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Hyde (deceased). Two of their children are now living, viz. : David B. and Mary E. He is a member of the M. E. Church and the owner of 170 acres of land, and resides at York Center. Our subject was born in Union County, Ohio, September 24, 1834. On January 9, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Jane Miller, who was born in September, 1837, in Union County. In the spring of 1867, he settled in the south- ern portion of York Township, where he now resides, and where he owns 150 acres of land. AMON DAVIS, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington County, Penn., July 23, 1819, and when two years of age, with his parents, David and Keziah Davis, he came to Harrison County, Ohio. In 1833, with them, he came to Union County, where they remained until their decease ; the former in .lune, 1878, and the latter in December of the same year. Of a family of ten children, eight are now living, viz. : George, Eliza, Amon, David, Washington, Susan, Finley D. and Thomas. On January 18, 1844, our subject was united in the bonds of matrimony with Miss Roxana Storms, daughter of Gregory and Melinda Storms. To them were born two children — Melinda and Oliver B. She died in October, 1876, and he subsequently married Mrs. Roxana Brooks, widow of the late James Brooks. Mr. Davis has served as Trustee of York Township and is a member of the United Brethern Church. He is the owner of 160 acres of land. YORK TOWNSHIP. 541 OLIVER B. DAVIS, farmer, P. 0. York, was born in Uuion County, Ohio, December 22, 1847. His parents are Amon and Roxana (deceased) Davis, whose biography appears in this work. In his youth he received but a rudimentary education. In December, 1871, he married Miss Rebecca VanVorhiss, daughter of Peter and Matilda VanVorhiss, of Logan County, Ohio. This union has been blessed with two children, of whom one is now living, viz.: Oral F., born July 29, 1881. Mr. Davis, as an agriculturist, has been quite successful, having plenty of energy and industrious habits, traits which characterize the Davis family. He has a fine farm of 175 acres, on which he has built a commodious residence. GEORGE H. DILSAVER (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, April 20, 1812. His parents were George and^lizabeth Dilsaver, both natives of Virginia. When a boy, with his parents, he moved to Delaware County, where he married in October, 1835, Miss Rachel Deeker, who was born in March, 1813 ; she was a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Deeker, who were natives of Virginia. To them were born live chil- dren, three of whom are now living, viz.: George T., Joseph and Austin. After his marriage he settled in Delaware County, where he remained until his decease, October 7, 1844. His widow continued to reside in Delaware County until November, 1874, when she, with her son Joseph, came to Union County and settled in the northern part of York Township, where they now re- side and where they have a farm of 145 acres. FRANCIS M. DRAKE (deceased). Chordy Drake, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in North Carolina, and came to Warren County, Ohio, at an early day. In Logan County he married Miss Sarah James, by whom he had eight children, of whom four are yet living. About the year 1834, he settled in York Township, Union County, near the boundary line of Logan County, where he remained until a short time prior to his decease. After spending a life of usefulness, respected by all who knew him, he quietly passed away in June, 1878, at the home Thomas Skidmore, in York Township. His faithful consort survived him but a short time, she having departed this life in July, 1880. The subject of this sketch was born August 14, 1828, in Warren County, Ohio, and when four years of age, with his parents, came to Logan County and located near East Liberty, where they, however, remained but a short time, when they set- tled in Union County, as aforementioned. On February 28, 1850, he married Miss Mary Har- riman, who was born July 20, 1831, in Logan County, Ohio ; she was a daughter of Simpkin and Sarah Harriman, her father a native of Virginia, and her mother a native of Pennsylvania ; they came to Logan County, Ohio, in quite an early day. This union has been blessed with three chil- dren, of whom two are now living — Chordy L. and John T. Shortly after their marriage, they set- tled in the western portion of York Township, on the farm where the widow still resides. He had served as Trustee of York Township, and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. On May 15, 1880, he departed this life, respected by all who knew him. JohnT. Drake, one of the sonsof our subject, was born October 1. 1853, in Union County, Ohio, and is at present residing on the homestead farm. On December 25, 1875, he married Miss Mary M. Henry, who was born in Lo- gan County, July 30, 1858; she is a daughter of George W. and Margaret (deceased) Henry. They have two children — Maggie M. and Perry R. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Chordy L. Drake, also a son of our subject, was born March 1, 1851, in Union County, Ohio, and received in his youth a good common school education. When eighteen years of age, he began teaching school, which he followed alternately for perhaps ten years. On March 13, 1875, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah A. Dally, daughter of Isaac and Louisa (deceased) Dally. To them has been born one child-Avis E., born April 22, 1880. Mr. Drake has been Superintendent of the Bethel Sunday School in York Township, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as is also his wife. Politically, he is a Republican, and he is the owner of ninety-three acres of land. Isaac Dally, father of Mrs. Drake, was born April 19, 1829, in Richland County, Ohio, and is a son of .John aud Mary A. Dally. In September, 1851, he married Louisa Hupp, by whom he had two children — Sarah A. and John W. (deceased); she died in June, 1858, and in June, 1860, he was married to Mary E. Ballinger, daughter of Caleb aud Hannah Ballenger. By tbis Union there has been an issue of six children — Mary L., Zoah M., Zell B., Rebecca M., Ivory E. and Ivy E. In 1860, Mr. Dally came to York Township, Union County ; he is the owner of about 387 acres of land, and resides in the northwestera portion of York Township. JONAS FIGLEY, farmer and blacksmith, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Washington County, Penn., February 18, 1814; his parents were Jonas and Elizabeth Figley. When a young man he learned the trade of blacksmithing, which he followed for forty years. In 1834, he came to Jefferson County, Ohio, where he remained one year aud then moved to Carroll County, where he followed his trade eleven years. He was married, October 30, 1834, to Miss Mary Middleswarth, by whom he had ten children, seven of whom are now living, viz. : Margaret M., Emily S., Mary M., Elizabeth M., Rebecca A., Calvin M. and Sarah M. About ihe year 1846, he came to Union County and settled in York Township, where he now resides. In connection with his farming, he also, until the year 1874, followed bis trade. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, the owner of 115 acres of land, and resides in the northern portion of the township. STEPHEN FLICKINGER (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born. May 4, 1823, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio; his parents were John and Marg iret Flickinger, natives of Pennsylvania, 29 542 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. who settled in Tuscarawas County at an early day. He spent his youth on a farm, and received an ordinary district school education. On August 7, 184-5, in Tuscarawas Couuty, he was uniied in marriage to Miss Margaret A. Figley, who was born December 2o, 1825, in Tuscarawas County, and is a daughter of .Jacob and Anne Figley, her fathera native of Pennsylvania, and hermother of Maryland. By this union there was an issue of eight childreu, viz. : William E., Jacob M., Eliza .J., Margaret 0., John W., Mary E., Samuel H. and Joseph F.. the latter two of whom are deceased. In October, 1854, with his family, he came to Union County and settled in the north- ern portion of York Township. He died January 22, 1869, leaving to his widow a farm of 153 acres. He wns an exemplary man in life, modest in manner, charitable in all things and highly esteemed throughout the community. For many years he was a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, taking an active interest in his church duties and leading a true Christain life. WILLIAM T. FULTON, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born October 22, 1818, in Maryland ; in 1836, with his parents, David and Ann M. Fulton, he emigrated to Union County, Ohio, settling in YorkTowhship, where they remained until their decease. He was from his early youth reared on a farm, and received but a limited education. In January, 1859, he married Miss Harriett A. Neil, daughter of Solomon and Ann H. Neil, of Marysville, this county. This union has been b'essed with five children, viz. : Ulysses G,, Mary N., Will- iam, Jennie H. and Joseph H. (the latter two of whom are deceased). Mr. Fulton has for six years served as a Commissioner of Union County, and also as Trustee and Clerk of York Town- ship. He is of a social, entertaining disposition and quite popular, and the owner of 304 acres of land. He resides in the southeastern portion of York Township. JOHN M. GUNDER, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The parents of the subject of this sketch, Abraham and iNIagdalena Gunder, emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1834. They first came to Marion County, then to Crawford County, residing several years in each, and finally they moved to Wyandot County, where they remained until her decease in 1868. He died in Union County in July, 1878. They were the parents of nine children, of whom six are now living, viz.: Jonathan, John M., James M., Daniel H., Nancy J. and Julia. Our subject was born in Pennsylvania October 18, 1833, and when one j'ear old, with his parents he was brought to Ohio. He was reared to man s estate on a farm, and received the rudiments of education in a district school. On February 10, 1859, in Wyandot County, he married Phoebe A. Brooks, who was born November 26, 1840; she is a daughter of Joseph S. and Phoebe Brooks, of Wyandot County. To them have been born nine children — Charles E. D., Pinkney B., John B., Zeddie U., Harry 0., Madison H., Frances A., Zeffie U. and an infant son not yet named. Frances A. and Zeffie U. are deceased. In the spring of 1875, with his family, he came to Union County and settled in York Township. After his marriage, according to his own statement, "he had not one dollar with which to begin housekeeping," but by economy, perseverance and hard work he has been by degrees increasing his scanty store until to-day he is the owner of an estate of nearly 300 acres. He is a self-made man in the true sense of the word. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and of the I. 0. 0. F. society. He resides in the southern por- tion of York Township. THOMAS C. HAMILTON, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The .subject of this sketch was born ii^ Claibourne Township, Union County, July 18, 1849, and when a mere child, with his parents, Cornelius and Loui-sa Hamilton, both now deceased, he moved to Marysville, where he remained until he reached the years of manhood. On February 27, 1872, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy Vance, daughter of John and Phoeba Vance, of Union County. To them have been born two children, viz.: Cornelius, born February 2, 1873, and Centennial, born July 19, 1876. In January, 1871, Mr. Hamilton settled in the southern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He is the owner of 109 acres of land in a good state of cultivation, and one of York Township's energetic farmers. VIRGIL HARRIS, farmer, P. 0. York. .Jacob Harris, father of the subject of this sketch, was born Octobor 26, 1810, in Knox County, Ohio, and was a son of Joseph and Rachel Harris, both natives of Virginia, who settled in Knox County at an early day. On June 5, 1834, in Knox County, he married Elizabeth Stults, who was born January 23, 1806, in Licking County, Ohio; she is a daughter of Adam and Margaret Stubs, early settlers of Licking County. To them have been born seven children — David J., Virgil, George W., Margaret, Alvira, Mary and Sarah. With his family in 1854, ]\Ir. Harris came from Knox to Union County and settled in York Township where he now resides. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, and the owner of 135 acres of land. Our subject was born in Licking County, Ohio, October 23, 1842, and in 1854, with his parents, came to Union County, where, on April 15, 1882, he married Miss Emma Miller. Mr. Harris is a young man with good prospects of a successful future. He re- sides on his farm, which is pleasantly located near York Center. AMOS P. HARVEY, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfielcl. The subject of this sketch was boin November 24, 1829, in New Hampshire, and about the year 1837, with his parents, Erastus and Betsy E. Harvey, he emigrated to Champaign County, Ohio. He remained in Champaign Coumy until about twelve years of age, when, with his parents, he located for three years in Logan County. From Logan he went to Clark County, where, on September 20, 1855, he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret A. Tuttle, who was born in December, 1838, and was a YORK TOWNSHIP. 543 daughter of John and Margaret Tattle, of Clark County. This union has been blessed with ten children, viz. : John P., Lanson B., Harry C, Charles E., Willis T., Dennis v., Emma (de- ceased), Edward P., Howard and Ethel. In 1859, from Clark County, Mr. Harvey came to Union County and settled in the western portion of York Township, where he now resides. In Februai-y, 1865, enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and continued in the service until the following September. He has served as Justice of the Peace and Trustee of York Township. In the management of his farm he has everything done in th« most orderly and advantageous manner. He is the owner of 375 acres of land, upon which is built a fine residence and other commodious buildings, making it one of the finest farms in Union County. JOHN H. HOOVER, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born June 5, 1827, in Jefferson County, Ohio; his parents were Adam Hoover, a native of Maryland, and Rachel Hoover, who in 1851 or 1852, came from Hai-rison to Union County, Ohio. Of their family of ten children, five are now living, viz. : James, Charles, William M., Rachel A. and John H. They settled on Bokes Creek, in York Township, where they spent the remainder of their days. Our subject, when three years of age, with his parents, located in Harrison County, where he married Miss Catharine Hines, who was born August 31, 1826 ; she is a daughter of Christo- pher and Jane Hines. To them have been born one son — AVilliam H., born October 15, 1849, in Harrison County; he was married December 21, 1871, to Miss Lovella Shirk, who was born July 21, 1849; she is a daughter of Henson and Nancy J. Shirk, of Union County. About the year 1852, our subject came to Union County and settled in York Township, where he now re- sides. During the war of the late rebellion, he enlisted in the service for a few months. He has served as School Director, is a member of the M. E. Church, and the owner of fifty-seven acres of land. JOHN HUFFMAN (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, August 24, 1830; he was a son of Benjamin and Mary Huffman, natives of Pennsylvania, and when fifteen years old, with them, he came to Knox County, Ohio, where his mother died, and where his father still resides. On September 10, 1853, in Knox County, he married Sarah J. Dally, daughter of John and Mary A. Dally, who died about one year after marriage. On September 18, 1860, he married Miss Almina Skidmore, who was born August 30, 1843, in Union County, Ohio ; she is a daughter of Isaac and Sarah A. Skidmore, of York Township, whose sketch appears in this work. By this union there has been an issue of five children, viz.: Dora A., born November 2, 1865; Hamer I., born July 18, 1868; Bertis, born April 6, 1871 ; Eldon, born February 23, 1874; and Mary I., born April 31, 1879. In 1867, he settled in the south- western portion of York Township, where bis widow still resides. Mr. Huffman was a member of the Baptist Church, and left to his widow a fine farm of 164 acres. He was an indulgent father and an affectionate husband, and departed this life March 1, 1879. JOHN B. HYDE, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek, a pioneer of York Township, was born March 4, 1815, in Harrison County, Ohio. His parents were Samuel and Elizabeth Hyde, natives of Pennsylvania. In the spring of the year 1832, his father came from Harrison County and bought a tract of land on Bokes Creek, in iork Township, and after having cleared it and planted corn and vegetables, he returned to Harrison County for the purpose of bringing with him his family. On their way, in Delaware County, he was taken ill, and shortly after died. Our subject with the rest of the family, however, came and settled on the land, which his father bought. On December 23, 1837, he married Eliza Davis, who was born October 23. 1817, in Pennsylvania; she is a daughter of David and Keziah Davis, of whom we have made mention in another portion of this work. By this union there has been an issue of nine chil- dren, of whom six are now living, viz.: Keziah, Thomas B., Rebecca A., Mary M., William F. and Nancy One of his sons George W. Hyde (deceased), enlisted in February, 1862, in the Eighty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in several prominent engagements, but owing to an illness, which he contracted by exposure, he was discharged in the fall of the same year from the service and returned home. He re-enlisted in February, 1864, and was killed at the battle of Resaca, Ga., on May 26, 1864. For two years, Mr. Hyde has served as Trustee of York Township, and for many years he has been a School Director. He and his wife are members of the M. E, Church, and he is the owner of 130 acres of land. NESBIT JANUARY, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born in Greene County, Ohio, August 4, 1826. In 1829, with his parents, James and Catherine Jan- uary, he came to Marysville, Union County, where, with them, he remained until eleven years of age. From Marysville he went to Logan County, where he remained until 1853, at which time he returned to Union County. On September 21, 1854, he was united in marriage to Misa Sarah M. Savage, who was born February 28, 1833, in Champaign County, Ohio; she is a daughter of Austin and Irena Savage. To them have been born thirteen children — Irena, Orson, James, Ira, Wickliffe, Mary, Otway, Reuben, Caroline, Huston, and three who are de- ceased. In 1853, Mr. January settled in the northwestern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He is a direct descendant of a Huguenot family, who with many others were persecuted in France, and came to America, where they gained their religious freedom. His father was a native of Kentucky, and his mother of Maryland ; they were married in Greene 544 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. County, Ohio, January 22, 1822. By this union there was an issue of six children — Huston, Nesbit, Martha, Elizabeth, and two deceased. His father died in 1842, and his mother in 1854, Our subject has been successful in business, and is the owner of 196 acres of land. JOSHUA KELLER, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born December 4, 1825, in Union County, Ohio ; his parents, were Frederick and Rachel Keller, who came to York Township, Union County, about the year 1820. He was reared to man's estate on a farm, and received but a rudimentary education. He resided with his parents until April 25, 1852, at which time he m irried Mary I. Ballinger, who was born in May, 1834, in Logan County; she was a daughter of Thomas and Patience Ballinger. To them have been born four children, three of whom are now living — Celestia F., Henry N. J., Zylpha G. and Rudy VV. (de- ceased). Shortly after the dite of his marriage, Mr. Keller settled in the southern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He has served as School Director, has been successful as an agriculturist, and is the owner of 163 acres of land. LEVI LANE (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born August 30, 1811, in North Carolina, and, when a youth, with his parents, Benjamin and Mary Lane, he came to Logan County, Onio. On December 10, 1832, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Skidmore, who was born April 21, 1811 ; slie was a daughter of William and Mary Skidmore. By this union there- was an issue of fourteen children, ten of whom are now living, viz.: Ruth J., Mary, Will- iam, Jasper, Lemuel, Thomas N., John M., Rachel E., Susan S. and Matilda A. He settled in Logan County and remained there until 1855, in which year he came to Union County and settled in the southern portion of York Township. He settled in the woods, comparatively speaking, and by his industry and perseverance succeeded in making for his family a comfort- able home. He died August 31, 1862, respected by all who knew him. He was a kind and loving father and an indulgent husband. His widow survives him, and at present resides with her son William in York Township. William Lane, a son of our subject, was born May 17, 1838, in Logan County, Ohio, and on April 7, 1859, married Emma J. Munsell, who was born October 14, 1843, in Logan County ; she is a daughter of Alvin and Mary T. Munsell. By this union there has been an issue of nine children — Cora L., Calvin W., William T., Benjamin F., Laura L., James W., Ara, Ovid D. and Zella 0. He is a member of the Baptist Church and the owner of fifty-seven acres of land. JOHN M. LANE, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born in Logan County, Ohio, September 6, 1846 ; his parents are Levi Lane (deceased) and Mary Lane, of whom a biography appears in this work. He was reared to man's estate on a farm and received a common school education. On September 3, 1869, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Tobey, daughter of Charles and Mary J. Tobey, of Liberty Township, Union County. To them were born three children, viz., Omar, Estella and Elverta. Mr. Lane has been quite successful in business, and is the owner of forty acres of land in a good state of cultivation. He resides in the southern portion of York Township. ABEL LINSLEY, farmer, P.O. BokesCreek, was born in Vermont March 31, 1816; his parents were Simeon and Utilla Linsley, who came to Delaware County, Ohio, at quite an early day. He was reared to manhood on a farm and received but a limited education. By his first wife, Nancy (Carr) Linsley, he had three children, two of whom are now living, viz., Alice and Henry N. He married his present wife, who was born in June, 1833, on August 17, 1873. Mr. Linsley is a life-long farmer by occupation, and resides on his farm near Summersville. WILLIAM McGrlNNIS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Muskingum County. Ohio, January 7, 1818, and is a son of .Johnson and Margaret McGinnis, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Muskingum County, Ohio, about the year 1817, where they remained until 1854, in which year they came to York Township, Union County, where they spent the remainder of their days. They were the parents of nine children, of whom three are now living, viz., William, George and Nancy. Our subject was reared to man's estate on a farm and received but a rudimentary education. In September, 1840, in Muskingum County, he was united in marriage to Mary Hartford, by whom he had four children — Andrew N., Amelia, Albert 0. and John (deceased). She died July 4, 1861, and he was again married in April, 1865, to Mary J. Sterling, daughter of David and Mary Sterling. By this union there has been an issue of four children — John S., Agnes G., James H. and David W., the latter two of whom are deceased. In 18G5, he settled where he now resides, in the northern portion of York Township. He has been successful in business, and is the owner of 200 acres of land. ROBERT McILROY, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek, was born in Washington County, Penn., August 27, 1809 ; his parents were John and Nancy Mcllroy, with whom when six years of age he came to Harrison County, Ohio, where his mother died in 1832. Of a family of twelve chil- dren there are now but two living viz. : Robert and George. His father married for his sec- ond wife, Mrs. A. Murphy, who survived him, he having died in 1838. On August 17, 1830, our subject was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Dickinson, daughter of George and Anxious Dickinson. To them have been born seventeen children, eleven of whom are now living, viz. : John, Silas, David, Robert D., Samuel S., Thomas M., Eliza, Keziah and Theresa, Hester A. and Susan E. In 1833, with his wife and three children, he came to Union County, where after residing in different parts, he in the spring of 1877 settled in the southern portion of York YORK TOWNSHIP. 545 Township, where he now resides. He attended and voted at the first election held in York Township at the house of Aaron Shirk. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for many years has officiated as class leader, and is the owner of 153 acres of land. ANDEEW McNEIL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Ches- ter County, Penn., March 23, 1811. His parents were Andrew and Margery McNeil. In November, 1838, he emigrated to Ohio, and came to Tuscarawas County, where he remained nearly one year. In September, 1839, he came to Union County and for several years located in Claibourne Township. In October, 1848, he was elected Auditor of Union County, and entered upon the duties of his office in March, 1849, serving until March, 1853. During the term of his Auditorship, he resided in Marysville, with his famijy. In 1853, he removed to Claibourne Township, where he resided until 18t:i2, in which year he settled in the northeastern portion of York Township, where he now resides. For his first wife, he married in Pennsylvania, Mary Criswell, daughter of Isaac and Martha Criswell, by whom he had seven children, two now liv- ing, viz.: Samuel A. and Mariam R. She died in October, 1861, and he was married on June 16, 1862, to Mrs. Catherine N. Patterson, widow of the late .lohn Patterson, of Adams County, Ohio; she was born July 5, 1812, in Saratoga County, N. Y. In October, 1857, Mr. McNeil was elected a Commissroner of Union County, and discharged the duties of that office with credit six years. He has also served as Trustee of Claibourne Township and as Clerk of York Township. He is Elder of the Presbyterian Church, and has a fine farm of 120 acres of land, under a high state of cultivation. WILLIAM H. McPECK, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch vyas born February 27, 1817, in Westmoreland County, Penn.; his parents were John and Sarah McPeck. In the spring of 1838, he emigrated to Harrison County, Ohio, and began the trade of brick-laying and stone-cutting, which he afterward followed for about forty years. On July 22, 1841, in Tuscarawas County, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Speck, who was born May 20,1820, in Washington County, Penn.; her parents were William and Margaret Speck, who came to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, about the year 1834. To Mr. and Mrs. McPeck, have been born six children — George M., Margaret J., Isabel A., Stephen S., Sarah A. and Mary E. For ten years after his marriage Mr. McPeck resided in Harrison County, and from there he moved to Washington Township, Union County, where he remained until April, 1872, at which time he located in the northern portion of York Township, where he at present resides. He ha« served as Trustee of Washington Township, is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns :^24 acres of land located in Washington Township. JAMES F. MEDDLES (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born May 2, 1813, in Harrison County, Ohio. He was a son of John and Parmelia Meddles, with whom, when a young man, he moved to Tuscarawas County, where he married, on April 16, 1835, Miss Sarah Horn; she was born October 25, 1815, in Delaware, and was a daughter of Moses and Sarah Horn, who came to Harrison County, Ohio, about the year 1815. By this union there has been an issue of five children, viz.: Gary, Sarah, Rebecca J., John W. and Mary J., the latter two of whom are deceased. About the year 1850, Mr. Meddles, with his family, came to Union County, from Tuscarawas County, and settled in the eastern portion of York Township, where he died July 25, 1880, and where his widow now resides. He was a member of the United Brethren Church, and left to his family 142 acres of land. In his death, York Township lost one of her best citizens, and his family a loving parent and husband. MILEY G. MEDDLES, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born July 29, 1818, in Harrison County, Ohio. His parents were John and Parmelia Meddles, who emigrated from Pennsylvania to Harrison County, Ohio, about the year 1801. He was reared to manhood on a farm, and received the rudiments of an English education in a district school. On September 13, 1842, he was united in marriage with Miss Susan Yantiss, who was born January 2, 1816, in Maryland ; she is a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Yantiss, who emi- grated from Frederick County, Md., to Tuscarawas County, Ohio, at an early day. To them have been born three children, viz.: Jacob C, James F. and Joseph J., all of whom are deceased. Mr. Meddles resided in Tuscarawas County until 1852, in which year he came to Union County, and settled in the eastern portion of York Township. He is the owner of 225 acres of land, which he has acquired mainly by his determination to succeed and by hard work. For several years his health has been on the decline. With his faithful wife, who has shared his joys and sorrows for forty years, he resides where he first settled. ANTHONY MIDDLESWORTH, farmer, P. 0. Byhalia. The subject of this sketch was born November 8, 1818, in Columbiana (now Carroll) County, Ohio. His parents were Abraham and Margaret Middlesworth, who emigrated from Virginia to what is now known as Carroll County, about the year 1815 or 1816. In his youth Mr. Middlesworth received but a meager education, the school advantages in his day being far more limited than to-day. In August, 1840, in Car- roll County, he married Miss J»ne Dennison ; she was born in Pennsylvania, and is a daugh- ter of Andrew and Elizabeth Dennison, who emigrated to Carroll County probably in the year 1835. To them have been born eight children — William, Elizabeth, Margaret, Andrew J., Joseph F., Robert B., Mary M. and Emily J., the latter two of whom are deceased. In 1845, with his family, he came to Union County, and settled in the northern portion of York Town- 546 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. ship, where he still resides. He has served as School Director many years ; is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and the owner of 303i acres of land. JAMES C. MILLER (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born iu Chenango Coun- ty, N. Y., October 12, 1806. When twelve years of age, with his parents, Joseph and Jemima Miller, he emigrated to Franklin County, Ohio, where they remained several years, when they came lo Union County, and settled in York Township. In October, 1828, in Franklin County, he was united in matrimony to Roxy Ann Wason ; who was born May 22, 180G; she is a daughter of Thomas and Keziah Wason, who accompanied our subject's parents on their way to Ohio. In 1829, with his wife, he came to Union County and settled in the northeastern portion of York Township, where his widow now resides. To them were born seven children— Justice J., Eveline E., Jane K., Keziah J., Daniel D., Jonathan G., and Martha E., the latter four of whom are deceased. Mr. Miller was a member of the United Brethren Church, a kind and affectionate father, and loving husband, and departed this life in October, 1878. He left to his family 180 acres of land. ROLIN H. MONTGOMERY, farmer, P. 0. Byhalia. The subject of this sketch was born in Licking County, Ohio, March ol, 1846, and when about two years old, with his parents, Joseph Montgomery (deceased) and Emily Montgomery, he removed to Knox County, where his father died, February 28, 1880, and where his mother still resides. On February 16, 1869, he married Miss Sarah E. Headington, daughter of .James and Ruth Headington, of Knox County. This union has been blessed with one child, viz., John H, born February 16, 1871. In April, 1876, he came to Union County, and for five years located in Washington Township, from thence coming to York Township, in the northern portion of which he settled. Mr. Montgomery is a ^elf-made man, having acquired all he possesses by industry and hard work. He is the owner of 102^ acres of land, pleasantly located and in a good state of cultivation. JOHN A. MORROW, farmer, P. O. York. Charles Morrow, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Bucks County, Penn., April, 1810. His parents were Charles and Rachel A.Morrow, his father, a veteran of the war of 1812, who served as a First Lieutenant, was a native of Ireland and his mother a native of Wales. Prior to the war of 1812, with them he came to Belmont County, Ohio, where he remained until, perhaps, si.xteen years of age, when he went Wheeling, W. Va., to learn the trade of stone-cutting, which he followed several years. In 1831, he married Esther McElroy, by whom he had five children, four of whom are now living, viz. : John A., Charles W., William M. and Sarah E. About the year 1839, from Belmont County he came to Summersville, Union County, and began the practice of medicine, to which he adhered until 1874, when he moved to Mount Victory, Hardin County, where he died in July, 1879. His widow survives him and resides at the latter place. The subject of this sketch was born May 20, 1832, in Belmont County, Ohio, and when about seven years oM, with his parents he came to York Township, Union County. Having received a rudimentary education for one year, he attended the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. In March, 1864, he enlisted in the Thir- teenth Ohio Cavalry, Army of the Potomac, and pardcipated in the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, White House Landing, the siege of Petersburg, and the surrender of Gen. Lee with his army at Appomattox Court House. He was honorably discharged in June, 1865. In October, 1854, he was joined in matrimony to Miss Elizabeth Storms, a daughter of Gregory and Melinda Storms, of whom we have made mention in this work. They have four children — Esther M., Jessie D., Charles G. and Samuel J. Mr. Morrow is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church; he is the owner of ninety-six acres of land and resides in the northern portion of York Townsliip. WILLIAM M. MORROW, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek, was born in Union County, Ohio, January 25. 1839, and is a son of Charles Morrow (deceased) and Esther Morrow, of whom we have mentioned in John A. Morrow's sketch. In his nineteenth year he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, which institution he attended alternately for about five years. In March, 1864, he enlisted in the Thirteenth Ohio Cavalry, Army of the Potomac, and he partici- pated in many engagements a few of the leading ones being White House Landing, Cold Harbor and the siege of Petersburg, where he received a spinal injury occasioned by a fall into a rifle pit while crossing the battlefield under cover of darkness, after which he was confined in the Washington Hospital several months and honorably discharged in June, 1865. On February 22, 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Lemenda J. Langstaff, daughter of James H. and Catherine Langstaff, of Union Count}'. To them have been born five children — Florence L., Anna L., Carrie L., Lizzie R. and Flora (deceased). Mr. Morrow resides in the eastern portion of Y'ork Township, is a member o'f the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the owner of ninety- three acres of land. JONAS ORDERS, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 18, 1844. His parents were Joshua and Frances Orders. He was from his youth trained to the pursuits of agriculture, and received but a rudimentary education. On October 10, 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Knagi, who was born February 19, 1843, in Switzerland : she is a daughter of John and Elizabeth Knagi, who emigrated to America in 1850. After spending two years in Brooklyn, N. Y., came to Franklin County, Ohio, where they now reside. By this union there has been an issue of two children — Flora and Mary E., the latter of whom YORK TOWNSHIP. 547 is deceased. In the autumn of 1881, Mr. Orders with his family came from Franklin County, Ohio to Union County and settled in the eastern portion of York Township where he now re- sides. He is a member of the Christian Church, has been successful in business and is the owner of sixty-eight and a half acres of laud. CHRISTOPHER OVERHOLSER, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Clark County, Ohio, December 2, 1842, and is a son of Christian Overholser (deceased) and Rebecca Overholser, natives of Virginia, who settled in Clark County perhaps in 183-5. On February 8, 1866, he was united in marriage to Huldah C. King, who was born September 15, 1846, in Licking County, Ohio ; she is a daughter of Tilleson King (deceased) and Mary P. King, now of Auglaize County, Ohio. To them have been born three children — Earnest T , Nona L. and one that died in infancy. In September, 1862, he enlisted in the Eighty-first Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, and participated in the battles of Dallas, Jonesboro, siege of Atlanta and the whole of Sherman's campaign, includingthe grand march to the sea. He received in June, 1865, an honorable discharge having served his country faithfully. In April, 1880, he came to Union County and settled near York Center, in York Township, where he now resides. He is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a republican, and the owuerof fifty acres land. .JOHN PENHORWOOD, farmer and minister, P. 0. York, was born in England September 20, 1820; his parents were John and Jane Penhorwood. In 1840, he took passage at Bristol, and after a voyage of more than sis weeks, during which they encountered variable weather, he arrived in New York. From the latter ci'y he came to Knox County, Ohio, where he spent four years at blacksmithing and a few years at farming. On .Januai'y 6, 1842, he married Miss Elizabeth Lyle, who was born May 12, 1817 ; her parents were .John and Susan Lyle. To tliem have been born eight children, viz.: John H., William F., Elizabeth J., Annie L., Sarah H., Ida A., Mary S. and Rebecca, the latter two of whom are deceased. From Knox County Mr. I'enhorwood removed to Delaware County, where he resided until 1865, in which year he came to Union County, York Township. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for fifteen years has devoted himself to preaching. He is the owner of 285 acres of land. WILLIAM PERKINS, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield, was born in Columbiana County. Ohio, October 8, 1825, and is a son of John and Phoebe Perkins. With his parents when about fourteen years of age, he came to Union County, and settled on the farm now owned by Wesley Southard, in the southwestern portion of York Township, where his parents renjained until the fall of 1864, at which time they went to Allen County, Ind., where they remained until their decease. Of a family of eight children three are now living — our subject, George W. and Melissa J. On Oc- tober 7, 1854, our subject married Caroline M. Rea, who was born January 7, 1833, in Logan County; she is a daughter of David and Ruth Rea, early settlers of Logan County. The fruits of this union wtre three children, of whom two are now living, viz.: Franklin W. and French W. Shortly after the date of his marriage, Mr. Perkins began keeping house in a log cabin near where he now resides. In 1874, having built a house of more modern architecture, which was better suited to the tastes and wants of the family, he moved there- in. In May, 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio National Guards, and continued in the service until the following September. He has been successful as a farmer, owing mainly to his industry and skillful management, having everything done in the most or- derly and advantageous manner. He is a member of the Disciples Church, and the owner of 161 acres of tillable land. He resides near where his father settled. WILLIAM H. PLOTNEK, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield, was born August 1, 1828, in Fair- field County, Ohio, and when but a few months old was taken by his parents, John Plotner, a native of Virginia, and Julia Plotner, a native of Ohio, to Jefferson County, where they located for perhaps twelve years. From there with them he went to Harrison County, where they re- mained until 1851, in which year they removed to Illinois, where they remained until theirde- cease, he in 1855, and she in 1863. Our subject in his youth received but an ordinary district school education, but being of studious habits and having a love for good books, he has made him- self familiar with many important topics of this day and age. In July, 1852, he was married to Miss Mary A. White, who was born March 24, 1833, in Virginia, and when three years of age, with her parents, John F. and Belinda White, she came to Tuscarawas County, Ohio. This union has been blessed with seven children — John W., Robert L., George F., William N., Laura J., James A. and Alonzo G. (deceased). After his marriage he resided in Tuscarawas County until 1863, in which year with his family he came to Union County. In 1864, he settled in the northwestern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He has served as Justice of the Peace thirteen years, and is still serving. Mr. Plotner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the owner of a fine farm of 100 acres. GEORGE W. POTTS, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born March 25, 1836, in Ross County, Ohio; he was a son of James and Ruth Potts. In December, 1857, having reached the years of manhood, he married Miss Catherine J. Poits, by whom he had five children, four now living, viz.: John A., Lasco, David W. and Ida J. Mrs. Potts died May 18, 1876, and on September 27, 1876, Mr. Potts was married to Miss Jane Clark, a daughter of John and Jane Ciark, of Carroll County. By her he has three children — Arthur, Cora B. and Ernest. In 1859, he came to York Township, this county, and settled near where he now resides. He 548 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and the owner of a fine farm, located south of Siimmers- ville. JOHN G. RICE, farmer, P: 0. Bokes Creek, was born April 2, 1833, in Union County, Ohio; his parents were Payn and Margaret Rice, who in 1830 came to Union from Hamilton County, and located in Liberty Township for twelve years, and then moved to Logan County, where they remained until I860, in which year they returned to Union County, and made their home in York Township, where they remained until their decease, he in September, 18t>5, and she in September, 1863. When eia;hteen years of age, our subject began to learn the trade of a cabinet maker in Marysville, which business he followed for about ten years. On Febru- ary 21, 1860, he married Miss Ellen Essex, who was born February 9, 1827, in Ross County, Ohio: she is a daughtr-r of .loseph and Cynthia Essex; four of their children are yet living, viz.: Jonathan P., Sarah A., William O. and Dora A, Subsequent to his marriage he located in Logan County three years, when he came to Union County, aud in 1868 he settled about one mile southwest of Summersville, York Township, where he now resides. Mr. Rice has been quite successful in business, having had but comparHtively little with which to start in life. He now owns fifty-four acres of land on which he as at present building a new and more modern house than the cabin in which he resides. In February, 1865, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty- seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and continued in the service till the following January, when he was honorably discharged. ANDREW J. RICHARDSON, physician and surgeon, P. O. Bokes Creek, was born September 21, 1829, in Cayuga County, N. Y. When ten years of age with his parents, Richard S. Richard- son, a soldier of the war of 1812. and Susan Richardson, he came to Summit County, Ohio, where they remained five years. From Summit they moved to Licking County, where they re- mained until 1855, in which year they came to York Township, Union County, where ihey re- mained until their decease. Our subject spent his youthful days on a farm, receiving a fair English education. During the latter part of 1867 and the beginning of 1868, he attended Starling Medical College at Columbus for five months, and aeain attended the same institution the following fail and winter and graduated in Marcb, 1869. However, for five years prior t ■ attending college, he had read and practiced medicine. Helocated at Summersville, York Town- ship, and enjoys a good practice. On October 15, 1857, he was united in marriage to Mis- Susan M. Sniith, daughter of the late Judge .James R. Smith, of Union County. By this uniof. there has been an issue of four children — Albert J., Elmer 0., Ethel C. and EfSe C. (deceased). Mr. Richardson is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and F. & A. M. societies, and a member of tin M. E. Church. DANIEL M. RUSSEL, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Deln ware County, Ohio, September 30, 1819, and is a son of Joseph and Betsy Russel, natives oi Connecticut, who came to Delaware County, Ohio, in 1817. From his early youth Mr. Russt 1 has been engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which he has been successful. On November 2t' 1843, in Delaware County, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Lavender; she was boru October 16, 1825, in Knox County, Ohio, and is a daughter of Thomas Lavender, an Englisli- man, and Maria Lavender, a native of Massachusetts. This union has been blessed with six children — Thomas L., Louisa, Joseph M. and three who are deceased. In 1870, he came to Union County, and settled in the northern portion of York Township, where he still resides He served as Clerk of Thompson Township, Delaware County, and also as Treasurer. He is a member of the M. E. Church, and the owner of a fine farm of 200 acres. MILTON M. SHIPLEY, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fayette County, Penn., August ;-il, 1822 ; when fourteen years of age with his parents, Benedict and Abigial Shipley, he came to Knox County, Otiio, where his parents located until about 1857, when they moved to Warren County, where they located ten years. In 1867, they came to Claibourne Township, Union County, where they remained until their decease, he in August, 1874, and she in Febru- ary, 1870. They were the parents of thirteen children — Milton M., Agnes, Adam R., Sarah, Matilda, Mary, Ruth, Elizabeth, Emily, Maria, Henry, George and Laura. On October 13, 1845, our subject was united in marriage with Miss Ann Adams, who was born December 3, 1822; she is a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Adam-*, of Knox County, Ohio. This union has been blessed with eight children — Joseph A.. William, John J., Henry, Charles G., George, Kingsley and Julia, the latter three of whom are deceased. Mr. Shipley resided in Knox County until 1861, in which year he moved to Madison County, Ky., where he located until 1865, when he came to Union County, and settled in the eastern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, aud the owner of 535 acres of land. AARON SHIRK, farmer, P. 0. York. A pioneer of York Township, was born June 12, 1810, in Virginia ; his parents were John and Sarah Shirk. In 1818, with them he came to Ross County, Ohio, where they remained until 1820, in which year they came to Union County and settled in Liberty Township, where they remained until their decease, both having reached a ripe old age. Of a family of fourteen children, nine are now living, Betsy, Henson, Isaac, John. Silas, Lucinda, Sarah A., Jemima and Aaron. On May 9, 1834, our subject was mar- ried to Rosanna Tobey, daugliter of Heman and Hannah Tobey, of whom we have made men- cyf^^T^i^r^ny C^^ OA^J^ YORK TOWNSHIP. 551 tion in this work. They are said to have been the first couple married in York Township after its organization. To them were born five children — Sarah A., Hannah R., John H., Heman T. and Melinda S. (deceased). Afier enjoying a life of domestic peace and happiness for nearly half a century with his faithful consort, she was suddenly called away on May 29, 1879. Mr. Shirk cast the first vote in York Township; the first election having been held in his house, he claimed the right to cast the first vote. He is the owner of sixty-two acres of land, and resides near York Center. He is a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church. WILLIAM SIGLER (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Maryland, in August, 1812; his parents were William and Grace Sigler. When a young man, ^th his mother, his father being deceased, he came to York Township, Union County, and settled near Summersville, where she lived but a few years. On October 24, 1839, he married Miss Mary A. Cork, who was born in May, 1819 ; she is a daughter of John and Rebecca Cork, of Ross County, Ohio. To them were born eight children, viz., Minerva, Isaac J., Washington, Rebecca, Susan, Sylvester John T. and William M., the latter two of whom are deceased. In the spring of 1843, he set- tled where his widow now resides. He served as Assessor and Treasurer of York Township, and discharged the duties of the offices in a creditable manner. He was a kind and loving father and affectionate husband; his widow ami children feel their irreparable loss, but we trust their loss is his gain. He departed this life in May, 1865. Isaac .J. Sigler, one of the sons of our subject, was laorn in Unian County, Ohio, August 24, 1844. From his boyhood he has de- voted his attention to agricultural pursuits. In December, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Eighty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until December, 1864, at which time he re- ceived an honorable discharge. He participated in the battles of Cross Keys, Cedar Mountain, the second battle of Bull's Run, and many other engagements. For his first wife he married Emma B. Watts, daughter of Hiram and Sarah Watts, whose sketch appears in this work; she died January I, 1879. He then married Miss Eliza J. Flickinger, daughter of Stephen Flickinger, (deceased), and Margaret A. Flickinger, whose sketch appears in this work. They have one child, ForreyO. He has served as Clerk of York Township two years, and as Assessor, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. WILLIAM M. SKIDMORE, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. Our subject was born September 14, 1828, in Logan County, Ohio; his parents were Joseph and Rebecca (deceased) Skidmore, of whom we have made mention in Thomas Skidmore's sketch. Having passed his youth on a farm and reached the years of manhood, on September 23, 1846, he married Miss Lydia Whit- aker, daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Whitaker. To them were born three children, two of whom are now living, viz., Jeflersou D. and Elizabeth. She died in September, 1857, and in January, 1858, he was married to Harriet S. Moore, daughter of William B. and Nancy Moore, of Logan County. By her he has one son — Joseph W. Mr. fekidmore resides in the western portion of York Township, and is the owner of 266 acres of good land. He is a mem- ber of the Baptist Church. THOMAS SKIDMORE, farmer, P. O. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born in Logan County, Ohio, February 13,18:^5; his parents were Joseph and Rebecca (deceased) Skidmore. About the year 1815, his father, with his parents, came to Logan County, where he married Rebecca Garwood, by whom he had seven children, five of whom are now living, viz., William M., Thomas, Isaac M., John F. and Hope. His wife dying, he married Rebecca Whit- taker ; seven children are the issue of this marriage, viz., Lydia J., Nancy L., Rebecca E.. Lavina, Joseph, Franklin H. and Josiah C. Our subject was reared on a farm and received rather a limited education. On August 24, 1848, in Logan County, he was united in marriage to Miss Hannah J. Drake, who was horn .Tune 25, 1831, in Logan County; she is a daughter of Chordy and Sarah Drake, of whom we have made mention in this work. This union has been blessed with five children, viz.: Sarah E., born June27, 1850 ; Spain A., born November 20, 1852; Sylvanus H., born August 5, 1856; Roxy A., born July 7, 1863; and Eva M., born Januarj' 13, 1866. In November, 1851, Mr. Skidmore moved from Logan County to Union County and settled in the western portion of York Township, where he still resides. He has a fine farm of 185 acres, on which he has erected a very desirable residence. He is a member of the Baptist Church. In February, 1865, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and continued in the service until the autumn of the same year. ISAAC SKIDMORE, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Colum- biana County, Ohio, December 13, 1813; he is a son of William and Mary Skidmore, who came from Virginia to Columbiana and subsequently to Logan County, Ohio, at an eai'ly day. Of a family of eleven children, five are now living. When four years of age, Isaac, with his parents, came to Logan County, where, in November, 1836, he married Sarah A. Haines, who was born December 4, 1819, in Champaign County, Ohio ; she is a daughter of Joseph and Rachel Haines. To them have been born five children, viz.: Emeline, born June 20, 1839 ; Alonzo, born June 7, 1841 ; Almina, born August 30, 1843; .John W., born July 26, 1845; and Hester A., born January 12, 1853. In the spring of 1838, Mr. Skidmore came to Union County and located in Liberty Township until 1850, when he settled in the western portion of York Township, near where he now resides. He has served as School Director; is a member of the Christian Church and the owner of 244 acres of land. 552 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. FRANKLIN W. SKIDMORE, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield, was born October 4, 1853, in Union County, Ohio. He is the son of William Skidmore (deceased) and Sarah R. Skidmore. In his youth he was traiaed to the pursuits of agriculture, in which he is now engaged. On April 22, 1873, he married Miss Lucinda Hatcher, who was born July 15, 1853; she is a daugh- ter of William Hatcher, deceased, and Margaret Hatcher. They, have three children — Myrtie M., born April 15, 1875; Jessie E., born January 1, 1877, and Lydia, born November 80, 1881. Politically, Mr. Skidmore is of Democratic pi-inciples, and is a member of the Disciple Church. As an agriculturist, he is meeting with marked success, and is of good standing in society. He resides in the southwestern portion of York Township. Sarah R. Skidmore, mother of our sub- ject, was born in Logan County, Ohio, March 16, 1824, and is a daughter of Isaac and Eliza- beth Rea, her fither a native of Virginia and her mother of Pennsylvania; they came to Logan County at quite an early day. She was reared to womanhood in Login County, and on Jlarch X, 1842, she was united in marriage to Mr. Elisha G. Mechem, a son of John and Hannah Mechem, of Logan County. To them were born three children — Levi R., David O., and one deceased. He departed this life March 20, 1848, and on July 6, 1851, she marriei Mr. William Skidmore, son of William and Mary Skidmore, by whom she has one son — our subject. Mrs. Skidmore is the owner of 122 acres of land, and a member of the Disciple Church. DAVID M. SKIDMORE, farmer, P. 0. Newton. The subject of this sketch was born April 21, 1853, in Logan County, Ohio. He is a son of Isaac and Sarah A. Skidmoi-e, of Union County. From his youth to the present time he has devoted his attention to the honorable pursuits of agriculture. On August 23, 1873, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah A. .Johnson, who was born December 12, 1849; she is a daughter of Matthew and Lucinda Johnson, of this county. To them have«been born two children — Harry J., born April 9, 1875, and Clarence N., born September 20, 1878. Mr. Skidmore is the owner of fifty-nine and one-half acres of land, and resides in the southern part of York Township. CALVIN SKIDMORE, farmer, P. 0. West Mansfield. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, September 15, 1841. His parents were William and Louisa Skidmore, who settled in York Township, near where our subject now resides, at quite an early day. He was here reared ajnid the varied scenes of pioneer life, and received but a rudimentary educa- tion. In February, 1865, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, Army of the Cumberland, and continued iij the service until the following September. He was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. McGee, who was born April 28, 1844; she was a daughter of Joab and Delila McGee, of Logan County. To them have been born two children — Louisa D., born June 30, 1861, and Aaron W., born July 7, 1865. Mr. Skidmore is the owner of 100 acres of land in L^nion, and forty-five acres in Logan County. He has been successful in business ; is a member of the Baptist Church, and resides in the extreme southwest portion of York Township. ELMORE C. SMITH, farmer and teacher, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born October 2, 1858, in Marion County, Ohio : his parents are William J. Smith, a native of Ross County, and Nancy M. Smith, a native of Richland County. Of a family of eight chil- dren, six are now living — Alfred M., George W., Elmore C, Hugh E., Jefferson L. and William M. His parents still reside in Marion County. Our subject from his youth has been reared on a farm and he received a good English education, and for perhaps four years has been engaged in teaching. On March 24. 1881, in Marion County, he married Miss Maria Jacoby ; she was born February 23, 1859, and is a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Jacoby, of Marion County. Shortly after his marriage, he came to Uni)n County add settled in the southeastern portion of York Township, where he now resides. Mr. Smith is a member of the Methodist Church, and the owner of 120 acres of land. ALBERT I. SMITH (deceased). James R. Smith, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Maryland in 1794; in 1834, he came to Union County, Ohio, and bought the farm now owned by S. Taylor, on Bokes Creek, near Summersville. For sevei'al years he followed farming, and for nine years served as one of the Associate Judges. He also served for two terms as Jus- tice of the Peace in York Township, and subsequently for ten years he served as Probate Judge of Union County. During the latter years of his life, he made his home with his son-in-law, Dr. A. J. Richardson, where he died a few years since. His wife, Anne Smith, a lady loved by all who knew her, died many years prior to his death. Our subject was born in November, 1845, in Union County, Ohio. In June, 1863, he enlisted in the Eighty -sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until February, 1864, when he was honorably discharged. On July 4, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Helen M. .Johnson, a daughter of Jotin and Mary Johnson, early settlers of this county. To them were born three children — Lottie E., Charles R. and Albert J. Having been engaged in the mercantile business in Summersville prior to his marriage, he con- tinued in the same until a short time prior to his decease. He was a loving father and husband and departed this life in July, 1872, respected by all who knew him. His widow survives him and at present resides in Summersville. Her pai-ents came from Hai-rison County, Ohio, to York Township, this county, in 1834, and they settled on the farm near Summersville, where he died. For forty years he was a minister of the Gospel in the Methodist Episcopal Church. He taught the first school in Summersville, in the winter of 1835-36, at $8 per month. For six years he YORK TOWNSHIP. 553 gerved as Auditor ot Union County, and was an honored member in society. He died in July, 1873. SAMUEL G. SMITH, farmer, P. 0. Broadway. Ciiarles Smith, a soldier of the war of 1812, and father of the subject of this sketch, was .born in Shenandoah County, Va., Janu- ary 21, 1789. In his youth he learned the trade of tanner and currier, and, when a young man, went to Pennsylvania, where he married, probably in the year 1814, Sarah Godfrey, by whom he had ten children, three now living, viz.: Eliza, Charles W. (whose sketch appears in this work) and our subject. In 1826, he emigrated from Pennsylvania, with his family, to Harrison County, Ohio, where he remained until 1835, in which year he came to Union County and settled in Liberty Township, where he remained until his decease, October 18, 1859. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and, for many years, class leader. Our sub- ject was born November 3, 1818, in Pennsylvania, and, in 1826, with his parents, came to Har- rison County, Ohio. On February 26, 1846, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth J. Herd, daughter of James and Margaret Herd, by whom he had four children, two of whom are now living — James \V. and Philander H.; she died August 11, 1853. He then married Philarna Ford, by whom he has six children, five now living, viz. : Cuauncey F., Clifford M., Sherman, Sarah A. and Nellie M. After having located in different portions of Union County, Mr. Smith finally, in 1876, settled in the southeastern portion of York Township, where he %ow resides. He is the owner of 100 acres of land. CHARLES W. SMITH, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Harrison County, Ohio, March 31, 1833, and in 1835, with his parents, Charles and Sarah Smith — of whom we have made mention in another portion of this work — he came to Union County, Ohio. He has from his youth devoted his attention to farming, and he received but a rudimentary education. On May 2, 1872, he married Miss Augusta C. Hathaway, who was born October 1, 1842, in Logan County, Ohio; she is a daughter of Ebenezer C. and Almira Hath- away. To them have been born three children — Emily, Nannie H. and Charles H. In May, 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was sta- tioned principally at Forts Ellsworth, Lyon and O'PiOuke. He received an honorable discharge in September, 1864. Mr. Smith has served as Trustee of York Township six years, and in 1870 was land appraiser of the same township. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the owner of 240 acres of land, and resides in the southern portion of York Township. The parents of Mrs. Smith are natives of Massachusetts, who, about the year 1833, came to Union County, Ohio, and located but a short time, when they moved to Logan County, where they now reside. WESLEY W. SOUTHARD, farmer, P.O. West Mansfield. Wm. Southard, a soldier of the war of 1812, andgrandfatherof the subject of this sketch, was born in Virginia; came to Logan County, Ohio, at an early day. He married Elizabeth Lingrel, by whom he had eight children, six of whom are now living. After her death he married Phoeba Burwill, by whom he had three children, one of whom is still living. He died in Logan County in March, 1851, respected by all who knew him. Samuel Southard, a son of William, and father of our subject, was born in Cham- paign County, Ohio, February 20, 1814, and on November 24, 1839, ia Logan County, he married Lydia Harriman, who was born in Pennsylvania November 5, 1821. To them have been born nine children, four of whom are yet living — Wesley W., Spain J., Sarah V. and Clara V. After their marriage they settled in the western portion of York Township, where our subject now re- sides, and where they remained until 1876, in which year they moved to West Mansfield, Logan County, where they now reside. He served as Trustee of York Township, and with his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Of late Mr. Southard has been in feeble health. Wesley W. Southard, subject of this sketch, was born in Union County, Ohio, July 19, 1841. On reaching his majority (he war of the late rebellion was begun, and accordingly in August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the battles of Perryville, Chickamauga, Resaca, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, and the memorable siege of Atlanta, where, in August, 1864, he received a wound which obliged him to remain in several different hospitals nearly a year. He was honor- ably discharged at Camp Dennison in May, 1865. On March 11, 1876, he married Miss Louisa E. Elliott, who was born in Union County, April 7, 1853 ; she was a daughter of John and Eliza- beth A. Elliott. The result ot this union has been two children, viz. : Howe E., born June 25, 18^7, and Florence E., born June 7, 1880. Mr. Southard is a member of the F. & A. M. society, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has served as Trustee of York Township, and is the owner of 210 acres of land. LEONIDASH. SOUTHARD, Secretary Union County Farmers'Insurance Company, P. O.York, was born November 9, 1852, in Union County, Ohio; he is a son of Sylvester F. Southard (deceased) and Rebecca Southard. Having received a rudimental education, in the fall of 1868 he entered Delaware University, where he continued his studies alternately for perhaps two years, and after leaving Delaware he taught school for a short time. In July, 1874, he entered on a six months' course at the Miami Commercial College, in Dayton, Ohio, and on completing his course received a diploma. In tne fall of 1875, he entered Hillsdale College, Michigan, and resumed his studies there until June of the following year. In the spring of 1877, in company 554 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. with J. S. AVinters, he engaged in the mercantile business at Summersville, and continued in the same about six months, when he purchased a farm in the northern portion of York Township, on which he located until June, 1881, at which time he came to York Center, where he now re- sides. He is at present officiating as Secretary of the Union County Farmers' Insurance Com- pany, of which he was one of the incorporaters. On February 14, 1878, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Hannah E. Penhorwood, daughter of John and Elizabeth Penhorwood, whose sketch appears in this work. They have one child, viz., Carleton. Mr. Southard is a self-made man, a member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the owner of 103 acres of land. DAVID W. SPICER, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, September 1-3, 1822 ; his parents were Jonathan and Leuriah Spicer, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Muskingum County, Ohio, at an early day. Ot their family of nine children there are now but three living, viz.: David W., .Jane and Adeline. Our subject was raised to manhood on a farm and received but a rudimentary education. On June 22, 1848, in Muskingum County, he was united in marriage to Miss Keziah Ross, daughter of Dr. Joseph Ross (now deceased). This union has been blessed with nine children, viz.: Jane E., Emily C, Joseph L., Franklin D., Henry V. D., Alexander J., Minnie D., William and Isabella C, the latter two of whom are deceased. About the year 1852, he came to Union County, and settled in the eastern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and the owner of a productive farm of fifty acres. HENRY STALDER, farmer, P. O. York. Casper Stalder, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Switzerland, near the Alps Mountains, September 24, 1809, and in 1819, with his parents, Jacob and Anne Stalder, he emigrated to America, and came to Athens County, Ohio. On December 15, 1836, he married Mary Howard, who was born in May, 1815, in New York State; she is a daughter of Elisha and Submitta Howard. To them have been born eight children, of whom seven are now living. In 1853, with bis family he came to Union County, and settled in York Township. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, and the owner of ninety-five acres of land. Our subject was born October 25, 1837, in Athens County, Ohio. In 1853, with his parents he came to York Township, this county, and in May, 1858, he married Eliza J. Storms, daughter of Gregory and Melinda Storms, of whom we have made mention in this work. They have three children — AVillard C, Charles F. and Josie B. In 1865, he settled where he now resiiles, in the southern portion of York Township. In June, 1861, he enlisted in the Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Army of the Cumberland, and participated at Shiloh, Murfreesboro, the siege of Corinth and Chickamauga, where, in September, 1863, he was taken prisoner by the Confederates, and for nearly one year was confined in Libby and other prisons, but was finally released. In October, 1864, he was honorably discharged. He is the owner of 260 acres of land, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. PETER STALEY, farmer, P. O. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born April 5, 1825, in Greene Couniy, Ohio; he was a son of Daniel Staley, a native of Maryland, and Catherine Staley, a native of Pennsylvania. When eight years of age, with his mother and step-father, Samuel Staley, his father having died when he was four years old, he came to Marys- ville, this county. On November 30, 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha Turner, who was born March 20, 1829, and a daughter of Aquillaand Frances Turner, of Clark County, Ohio. To them have been born five children — Aquilla T., born October 18, 1860 ; Luther, born June 27, 1863; Alexander B., born June 12, 1865; Katie J., born May 16, 1867, and one that died in infancy. After living in different portions of York Township, he, finally, in the spring of 1881, with his family, settled a short distance south of Summersville, near Bokes Creek. He is a member of the Baptist, Church and of the F. & A. M. society, and the owner of 120 acres of land in a good state of cultivaiion. JOHN STAMATS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch, a pioneer of York Township, was born August 17, 1803, in Westmoreland County, Penn. His parents were George Stamats (whose father was a Revolutionary soldier) and Ruth Stamats, with whom, in 1815, he emigrated to Muskingum County, Ohio. Of a family of nine children, four still survive — John George, Elizabeth ami Leah. They r^juiained in Muslcinguui County until their decease, he in September, 1857, and she in April, 1846. Our subject was reared on a farm, and for three years woi-ked on the Ohio Canal. On April 29, 1830, in Fairfield County, he married Miss Allie Coons, daughter of George and Keziah Coons. This union has been blessed with eight children, five of whom are now living. For one year after his marriage, Mr. Stamatz located in Fairfield County. In 1831, he came to Union County and settled in the northeastern portion of York Township, where he now resides. He has served asTrusteeof York Township, and is the owner of 100 acres of land. MALCHUS F. STAMATS, farmer, P. 0. Bokes Creek, was born April 22, 1836, in Union County, Ohio. After having obtained a good common school education, he attended for several terms, Hillsdale College, Michigan, and subsequently, for several terms, taught school in York and Taylor Townships, this county. On May 7, 1863, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary South- ard, who was born July 31, 1840 ; she is a daughter of Sylvester F. Southard (deceased) and Rebecca Southard, his wife. To them have been born four children, viz. : Dora, a teacher, born YORK TOWNSHIP. 555 July 21, 1866 ; John 0., born May 26, 1868; Sattie E., born October 27, 1871, and Azona, bora July 3, 1874. Mr. Stamats is a member of the Free-Will Biptist Church ; he owns ninety-two and one-half acres of land, and resides in the eastern portion of York Township. MATTHEW E. STAMATS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, April 22, 1836. He is a son of John and AUie Stamats, whose sketch appears in this work. He was reared on a farm and received a fairEaglish education. In Oc- tober, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, First Ohio Cavalry, and was attached to the Army of the Cumberland. He participated in the battles of Corinth, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Farmington, the siege of Atlanta, and numerous other engagements, and was honorably dis- charged in October, 1864. On April 3, 1879, he married Miss Mary M. Price, who was born May 5, 1848; she was a daughter of Thomas R. and Mary J. Price, who came to Union County about the year 1836. Mr. Stamats is a member of the F. & A. M. Lodge, and Grand Army of the Republic, and the owner of fifty acres of land. CVRUS STAMATS, fai-mer, P. 0. Bokes Creek. The subject of this sketch was born in Union County, Ohio, December 6, 1842 ; he is a brother of Matthew E. and Malchus F. Stamats, and a son of John Stamats, all of whom have biographies in this work. In October, 1862, he was enrolled in ttie First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was attached to the Army of the Cum- berland. He was engaged in the battles of Chickamauga, Resaca, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw, Mountain, siege of Atlanta, and numerous other engagements. He endured many hardships while in the service, but has enrolled his name with the many thousands who so bravely de- fended the Federal flag, which was about to be trampled under the iron heel of a most formid- able enemy. He was honorably discharged in July, 1864. In January, 1873, he married Miss Margaret Fish, who was born January 2, 1850, in Union County, Ohio; she is a daughter of Cornelius E. and Elizabeth Fish, of Claibourne Township, this county. They have two chil- dren — Carrie, born February 8, 1874, and May, born October 3, 1875. Mr. Stamats is a mem- ber of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and the owner of 126 acres of land. DAVID STERLING (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born in Ireland April 15, 1810 ; he was a son of John and Mary (Patterson) Sterling. When a youth, with his parents, he emigrated to America, and came to Pennsylvania, where they remained a short time. From Pennsylvania they came to Harrison County, Ohio, where they remained until his father's de- cease, about 1858; his mother died in September, 1862, in Union County. Our subject was reared principally on a farm and received a good common school education. He married, in Harrison County, Miss Mary Cox, who was born August 22, 1812. To them were born four chil- dren— Mary J., born May 25, 1833 ; John H., born Novemb^ 18, 1834; A. J., born October 12, 1836, and Rebecca M., born May 26, 1841. In 1837, Mr. Sterling came to Union County and settled in the northern portion of York Township, where his son, John H., now resides. He settled in what was then termed the "woods," in the clearing of which he endured many hard- ships and privations. He had served as Trustee of York Township and as Justice of the Peace. He departed this life February 18, 1874, respected by all who knew him. His widow survived him until June 17, 1882. John H. Sterling, their son, at present has possession of the home- stead. JUDSON STORMS, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born in Orleans County, N. Y., March 30, 1823, and in 1833, with his parents, Gregory and Melinda Storms, came to York Township, Union County, Ohio, and settled near the waters of Bokes Creek. His parents remained in York Township until their decease. Of their family of ten children, four are now living, viz.: William H., Elizabeth, Eliza and Judson. On May 17, 1847, the latter was united in marriage with Rebecca Davis, now deceased, a daughter of David and Keziah Davis, of whom we had made mention in this work. To them were born one child, viz.: Oliver C, who was born December 22, 1851, and on September 26, 1880, married Miss Ruth Stalder, daughter of Casper and Mary Stalder, and with her resides in York Township, near the home of our subject. Mr. Storms also, was a soldier in the late war of the rebellion for a short time, thereby adding his name to the roll of honor, which will perpetuate his memory for gen- erations to come. He is a member of the United Brethren Church, and the owner of ninety- five acres of land. With his second wife, in a comfortable home, he resides near the central portion of York Township. ALEXANDER TALLMAN, farmer, P. 0. York, was born in June, 1833, in Logan County, Ohio, and is a son of Benjamin and Ruth Tallman, natives of New Jersey, who came to Cham- paign County, Oliio, about 1822. They, however, remained in Champaign County but a short lime, when they moved to Logan County, where they remained until their decease. Of a family of ten children, nine are now living, viz.: Thomas W., Francis, William, Ruth A., Mary J., Alexander, Benjamin B., George W. and Sarah. On April 22, 1855, our subject married Lydia Bailey; she was born June 12, 1834, in Guernsey County, Ohio, and is a daughter of William B. Bailey, a native of Virginia, and Mary Bailey, a native of New Jersey. To them have been born two children — Adelaide and Mary M. In the fall of 1868, he came to Union County, and resided in Washington Township until November, 1881^ at which time he settled in the northern portion of York Township, where he now resides. Mr. Tallman is a self-made man, and the owner of fifty acres of land. 556 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. JOHN E. TOBEY, farmer, P. 0. York. William Tobey, father of the subject of this sketch, was born March 3, 1805, in Saratoga County, N. Y. ; his parents were Heman and Hannah Tobey. Heman having lost his first wife, married Martha Wilkins, with whom and other mem- bers of his family he emigrated to Union County, Ohio, about the year 1832, and settled in York Township, near the waters ot Bokes Creek, where he remained until his decease. William Tobey was united in marriage May 10, 1827, to Miss Ada A. Brooks, who was born February 12, 1810, in Ontario County, N. Y. ; she was a daughter of Nathaniel and Margaret Brooks, who came to York Township, Union County, about the year 1833. In the fall of 1832, he came to Union County, his parents having arrived in the spring of the same year. He settled in York Township, near York Center, where he remained until about 1855, when he located for nine years on the farm at present occupied by Daniel M. Russel. In the spring of 1864, he removed to Mount Victory, Hardin County, where he resided until the winter of 1881, at which time he returned to York Township, wnere he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Tobey are the parents of nine children, of whom two are now living, viz.: Our subject and Henry A. Mr. Tobey was elected first Treasurer of York Township, and has also served as Trustee, Clerk and Justice of the Peace. Of late years he has been afflicted with paralysis, and at present is in rather feeble health. The subject of this sketch was born May 18, 1837, in Union County, Ohio ; he is one of York Township's successful farmers. On March 31, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Harris, who was born April 20, 1837 ; she is a daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Harris of whom we have made mention in this work. To them have been born six children — Myron 0., Jennie M., Eddie J.. William S., Archibald B. and Ada E., the latter three of whom are deceased. Mr. Tobey is a member of the United Brethren Church, and is the owner of 100 acres of land. JOHN TRIMBLE, farmer, P. 0. York. The subject of this sketch was born February 27 1830, in Jefferson County, Ohio. He is a son of Robert and Sarah Trimble, natives of Vir- ginia, who emigrated to Jefferson County, Ohio, at an early day. They were the parents of seven children, of whom four are now living, viz.: Lucy, John, Rebecca and Sarah J. When a boy, with his parents, our subject moved from Jefferson to Harrison County, where, on March 22, 1851, he married Miss Margaret Sterling, daugliter of John and Mary Sterling, of Harrison County. To them have been born five children, viz.: James S., Mary J. (deceased), Robert W., Rebecca E. and Rusilla N. In the autumn of 1853, Mr. Trimble came to Union County, and settled near the central portion of York Township, where he at present resides. In connection with his farming, he is also engaged in the manufecture of tile, for drainage purposes. In the spring of 1879, he was electeil Treasurer of York Township, in which capacity he still officiates. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and class leader in the church, and the owner of eighty-five acres of land. HIRAM AVATTS, farmer, P. 0. York, was born December 28, 1822, in Franklin County, Ohio. His parents were John and Sarah Watts, natives of New York State, who settled in Franklin County, Ohio, at an early day. They had eight children, of whom five are now living, viz.: Hiram, William, John, Maria and Nicholas. On December 22, 1843, in Franklin County, Hiram was united in marriage to Sarah J. Goldsmith, who was born January 15, 1823, in Franklin County. She is a daughter of Thomas Goldsmith a native of Virginia, and Elizabeth Goldsmith, a native of Pennsylvania. The fruits of this union are six children — Horace W.. John J., Charles D., William J., Carrie A. and Emma R (deceased). Mr. Watts resided in Franklin County until 1865, in which year, with his family, he came to this county, and settled in York Township, near York Center, where he now resides. He has served as Trustee in York Township, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the owner of 135 acres of land. CHARLES E. WILKINS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood. Beriah P. Wilkins, father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., May 26, 1792. He was a son of James Wilkins, a valiant soldier of the Revolutiona'ry war, and Elsie Wilkins. Having reached the years of manhood, he married, on December 24, 1814, in New York State, Miss Amanda Rhodes. She was born October 19, 1797, and was a daughter of Capt. James Rhodes. By this union there was an issue of three children — Charles E., Joseph R. and Alfred F. (deceased). In 1836, he came to Union County, Ohio, and bought 210 acres of land in York Township, our subject's farm being part of the original purchase. In 1837, with his family, he settled in his new home in what was then comparatively a fortst. He endured the usual hardships and privations connected with pioneer life, and remained where he settled until his decease, in October, 1858. He had' served as Trustee of York Township, and was respected by all who knew him. His wife departed this life in August, 1877. Our subject was born March 6, 1822, in New York State, and when fifteen years of age, with his parents, came to Union County, Ohio. On May 18, 1847, he married Miss Martha M. Raymond, who was born July 26, 1826, in Saratoga County, N. Y. Her father, Nathan Raymond, was born in 1779, in Connecticut; his father, Nathan, was a Revo- lutionary soldier. When a boy, with his parents, he removed to Saratoga County, N. Y., where he married Martha Chard, by whom he had seven children, two of whom are now living, viz.: Martha M. and Ambrose. In 1839, he came to Union County, Ohio, where he remained until his decease, November 7, 1847 ; bis wife died September 4, of the same year. Mr. and Mrs. Wilkins are the parents of seven children — Edwin R., Amanda C, John F., Mary E., Hattie M., CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 557 Allie K. and Minerva J. (deceased). Mr. Wilkins has served as Trustee and Clerk of York Township. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and the owner of seventy-seven acres of land. LEVEN WRIGHT (deceased). The subject of this sketch was born April 22, 1809, in Maryland, and when nine years of age, with his parents, James and Hannah Wright, he came to Fairfield County, Ohio, where his parents remained until their decease. About the year 1834. with his sister Rebecca, he came to Union County, and settled in the northern portion of York Township, where he remained until his decease. In 1837, he married Letitia Coons, daughter of George and Keziah Coons. By this union there was an issue of three children, two of whom are now living, viz.: Rebecca and James. She died in March, 1844, and in August, 1844, he married Mis.s Sarah Thornton, who was born March 22, 1821 She was a daughter of Jesse and Nancy Thornton, of Union County, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Vir- ginia. This union has been blessed with seven children, three of whom are now living — Oscar, Mahlon and Mary. After spending a life of usefulness, he died November 27,1873. He was a kind and loving father and an indulgent husband, respected by the large circle of friends that knew him. For many years he served as Trustee of York Township; was a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church, and left to his widow, who still resides on the homestead, 156 acres of land. CHAPTER XII. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. J ■ /3 ■ S^-tT^'v^ ' THE territory of Claibourne has sucessively formed^ part of many town- ships. In 1825, shortly after the first settlement was made here, it be- came a portion of the new township of Leesbm-g. In 1829, at the formation of Jackson, most of its territory was embraced in it, and so remained until the or- ganization of Claibourne, in 1834. The journal of the County Commissioners under date of March 4, 1883, contains this entry: " This day Cyprian Lee presented a petition for dividing the township of Jackson into two townships, the sonthern part to be called Claibourne, and the northern part to retain the name of Jackson ; whereupon the Commission- ers order that said township of Claibourne be laid off from said township of Jackson, beginning at the fourth mile tree southwardly from the northeasterly corner of said Jackson Township; thence parallel with the north line thereof." March 5, 1833. — " This day it was ordered by the Commissioners that Levi Phelps proceed to lay off the township of Claibourne, beginning at the fourth mile tree southwardly from the northeast corner of the township of Jackson; thence running westwardly, parallel with the north line of Jack- son Township to the division line between the township of Liberty; to be done as soon as convenient." For some unknown reason the township was not then surveyed and or- ganized as the following entry will make appear: " March 5, 1834. — This is the day it was ordered by the Commissioners — on the application of various individuals — that a new township to be called Claibourne, to commence on the east boundary of the county of Union at the first mile tree south of the Indian Boundary Line; thence west, parallel with the northern boundary of said county to the east boundary of York, to be laid off; to be run by Levi Phelps, prior to the next June session." The first election for State and county oflficers was held October 14, 1834. Absalom Carney, Nathaniel Wilson and George Clark were elected Judges; William Price and JohnP. Brookins, Clerks. Nineteen votes were cast — those of Nathan Richardson, Absalom Carney, John T. Evans, John Carney, William Price, Nathaniel Wilson, J. P. Brookins, Philip Plummer, William Phillips, George Clark, John Calloway, John Dakin, William Sirpless, Adam Burge, Lar- 558 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. kin Touguet, John Dilf avor, Eleazor Rose, Hiram Andrews and William Jack- son. For Governor, Robert Lucas received 14 votes, James Finley, 5; for Congressman, Sampson Mason, 18, Samuel Newell, 1; for Representative, Nicholas Hathaway,13, Otway Cm'ry, 6; for Senator, Samuel Newell, 18; for Commissioner, Thomas Parr, 19; for Sheriff, Calvin Winget, 19; for Coroner, JohnAdamson, 19. I'olitically, the township was for several years Democratic; it then be- came Whig, and that party maintained the ascendency until its extinction. Since then it has been strongly Republican. VOTE FOR GOVERNOR. The complete vote of the township, from the date of its organization to the pi'esent, for Governor of the State, is herewith presented: 1834 — Robert Lucas, 14; James Finley, 5; total, 19. 1836— Joseph Vance, 28; Eli Baldwin, 14; total, 42 1838 — Joseph Vance, 27; Wilson Shannon, 35; total, 62. 1840— Thomas Corwin, 52; Wilson Shannon, 38; total, 88. 1842 — Thomas Corwin, 52; Wilson Shannon, 36; Leicester King, 2; to- tal, 90. 1844— Mordecai Bartley, 62; David Tod, 43; total, 105. 1846— William Bebb, 52; David Tod, 26; total, 78. 1848— Seabury Ford, 91; John B. AVeller, 42; scattering, 1; total, 134. 1850— William Johnson, 84; Reuben Wood, 59; Ed. Smith, 1; total, 144. 1851 — Samuel F. Vinton. 103; Reuben Wood, 59; Samuel Lewis, 6; total, 168. 1853 — Nelson Barrere, 58; William Medill, 90; Samuel Lewis, 47; total, 195. 1855— Salmon P. Chase, 125; William Medill, 55; total, 180. 1857— Salmon P. Chase, 128; H. B. Payne, 81; total, 209. 1859— William Dennison, 146; R. P. Ranney, 50; total, 196. 1861— David Tod, 192; H. J. Jewett, 53; total, 245. 1863— John Brough, 237; C. L. Vallandigham, 79; total, 316. 1865— J. D. Cox, 210; George W. Morgan, 78; total, 288. 1867— R. B. Hayes, 245; A. G. Thm-man, 118; total, 363. 1869— R. B. Hayes, 229; G. R Pendleton, 112; total, 341. 1871— E. F. Noves, 258; George W. McCook, 100; total, 358. 1873— E. F. Noyes, 295; William Allen, 190; J. C. Collins, 28; G. T. Stewart, 22; total, 485. ' 1875— R. B. Hayes, 378; William Allen, 230; Jay Odell, 11; total, 619. 1877— William H. West, 885; R. M. Bishop, 222; H. H. Thompson, 5; total, 612. 1879— Charles Foster, 381; Thomas Ewing, 235; G. T. Stewart, 54; A. Sanders Piatt. 5; total, 675. 1881— Charles Foster, 371; John W. Bookwalter, 171; A. R. Ludlow, 72; total, 614. JUSTICES. In 1829, Henry Swartz was commissioned Justice of the Peace for Lees- burg Township. He resided in the portion that is now Claibourne. Philip Plummer was the Justice of Jackson Township, who resided in what is now Claibourne at the time of its oi'ganiztion. His commisssion expired in 1836. Since that time the justice3 have been as follows: J. P. Brookins, 1836; Philip Plummer, 1837; John P. Brookins, 1837; William Jackson, 1840, resigned 1841; V ^^ ).J.: B.P.Glascoe CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 561 J. P. Brookins, 1840; Cornelius Stiers, 1841; James B. W. Haynes, 1841; John P. Graham, 1842; James B. W. Haynes, 1844; William Hamilton, 1845; James B. W. Haynes, 1847; William Hamilton, 1848; W. H. Ferguson, 1851, resigned the same year; John M. C. Mulvain, 1851; J. B. W\ Haynes, 1851; Jacob C. Sidle, 1854; J. B. W. Haynes, 1854; Jacob C. Sidle, 1857; n. W. Rosette, 1857; Jacob C. Sidle, 1860; Charles W. Rosette, 1860; Jacob C. Sidle, 1863; Charles W. Rosette, 1863; Jacob C. Sidle, 1866; Charles W. Rosette, 1866; L. A. Hedges, 1869; William H. Conkright, 1869; L. A. Hedges, 1872; William H. Conki-ight, 1872; William J. Wood, 1874; G. B. Hamilton, 1875; J. C. Sidle, 1876; M. W. Hill, 1878; J. S. Gill, 1878; W. J. Woods, 1879; Seth S. Gardner, 1880; H. M. Wright, 1880; M. W. Hill, 1881. SURVEYS. The original sui'veys which compose the present limits of Claibourne Township, together with their original proprietorships, areas, surveyors, and dates of survey, are as follows: Richard Claibourne, No. 220, 1,250 acres, surveyed September 7, 1811, by Joseph Kerr; Richard Claibom-ne, No. 22i>, 416 acres, same surveyor and date; John Nicholas, No. 5,809, 2,000 acres, surveyed June 1,1809, by James Galloway, Levin Joynes, No. 6,107, 633^ acres, surveyed by Joseph Kerr, September 10, 1810; John Crouse, No. 6,161,823 acres, surveyed by Joseph Kerr, February 15, 1809; John Evans and Edward Owings, No. 6,22*8, 500 acres, surveyed by James Denny, April 18, 1811; heirs of BuUer Claibourne, No. 6,293, 4,267 acres, surveyed by James Galloway, Jr., July 21, 1809; William Pelham, No. 6,307, 1,200 acres, surveyed by James Galloway, Jr., November 16, 1809; William Pelham, No. 6,307, 1,200 acres, same' date and sui'veyor; William Pelham, No. 0,307, 380 acres, surveyed by James Galloway, Jr., November 14, 1809; W^illiam and Isaac Corruthers, assignees. No. 7,008,2,400 acres, sm-veyed October 28, 1808, by James Galloway, Jr. ; Andrew Moore, No. 7,008, 800 acres, surveyed October 29, 1808, by James Galloway, Jr.; William Murdock, No. 12,654, 500 acres, surveyed July 10, 1829, by Allen Latham; Cadwallader Wallace Nos 13,440, 13,449 and 13,526, 614 acres, surveyed by proprietor, May 9, 1834; William Pelham, No. 6,308, 280 acres, pai-tly in Delaware County, surveyed November 14, 1809, by James Galloway; John Gibson, No. 7,869, 800 acres, surveyed August 25, 1813, by John Kerr; representatives of Thomas Ruffin, No. 6,301, 400 acres, surveyed July 20, 1809, by James Galloway, Jr. There are also in the township small frac;- tions of Nos. 6,129 and 6,162, which are mostly in Delaware County. Claibourne Township is located in the northeastern part of Union Coun- ty. It is bounded on the north by Jackson Township, on the east by Marion and Delaware Counties, on the south by Leesburg and Taylor Townships, and on the west by York. It is one of the largest townships in the county and the second in population Its name is derived from the BuUer-Claibourne Survey, which is the largest in the county, and which at the organization of the township contained nearly all the settlers, then within its limits of the lat ter. Fulton Creek is the principal stream. It enters at the northwest corner of the township from York and flows out near the southeast corner. It is said that the stream received its name from the fact that Mr. Fulton, an attache of a surveying party, which was surveying land in this vicinity, while attempt- ing to cross the creek over a log one cold winter day, slipped and fell into the water. The stream was high and it was with difiSculty that he was rescued by his comrades. The soil is argillacious; the surf ace, generally level and in places slightly rolling. A heavy growth of timber covered the township when 30 562 HISTOKY OF UNION COUNTY. first settled, interspersed with a thick growth of underbrush and vines, as the following incident will testify: Daniel Swartz, residing just north of Rich- wood, on going to mill once to Millville, thirteen miles distant, directed Mrs. Swartz to watch the cattle and not permit thfyn to stray far from home. After a while, not seeing them, she climbed an old log that had fallen partly to the ground, not far from the cabin dooi*, and on looking around discovered the cows only a few yards away, almost at her feet, in the thick brush, that had obscured her view from below. INDIANS. The Indian occupancy of the soil now embraced within the limits of Claibourne Township, as a hunting ground was for a long time undisturbed by the jDresence of white men after the settlement of pioneers in other parts of the State. It lies adjoining the Greenville treaty line, the territory north of which had been reserved by treaty for the exclusive use of the red men. Within the township were some favorite hunting grounds. The site of Rich- wood, elevated slightly above the surrounding country, was rich not only with an abundant growth of plants and forest trees, but in game as well, and that the Indians often tented on these grounds is handed down by tradition, and is established by the many relics that have been found in the vicinity. Knives, fragments of Indian saddles, brooches, tomahawks and all the accou- trements of camp life have been brought to light, in the preparation of the soil for agriculture. In the gravel pit owned by Mrs. Susanna Swartz, sit- uated just north of Richwood, numerous skeletons have been exposed. After the earliest pioneers had taken possession of the country, the for ests were ranged by hunters, from both races for many years. The Indians would not tolerate the presence of white men north of the Greenville line, but frequently hunted south of the line. The best state of feeling did not exist between the Indians and settlers, though amicable relations were usually maintained. Whether the red or white men were the first aggressors is not known, but if either committed a wrong, however slight, retaliation would surely ensue. The Indians, either in a spirit of retaliation or from an innate prone- ness to evil, would occasionally shoot the settlers' hogs as they were feeding in the woods, and commit other depredations. In bee-hunting, it was a cus- tom sacred among the pioneers engaged in this pursuit that when a bee tree was found by one of them and marked with the tinder's initials it at once be- came his property, to be relieved of its honey at the hunter's leisure; and for another to abstract the honey was regarded as detestable a crime as to steal a horse. The Indians, however, were not afi'ected by any such scruples, and when one of them discovered the home of a swarm of bees, he rifled it of its treasure, whether or not a prior badge of ownership had been stamped upon the tree. Such proceedings naturally incensed the settlers. The principal game was deer, but the practice of the Indians while hunting on the white man's hunting ground, were such as to drive the game from the vicinity. They would crouch low in the tall grass, and, imitating the bleating of a fawn, at- tract the doe to the spot where they were concealed. They would then kill and skin it, leaving the young to perish. The stench arising from the decaying carcasses would drive the deer to other grounds. An old hunter claims lo have counted in one Indian camp, between Fulton and Bokes Creek, the hides of sixty deer that had been killed in this way. Yet a friendly relation was maintained. The Indians would call at the cabins of the settlers and eat with them. They would engage with them in foot races and various kinds of games, and often hunt in their company The tradition prevails that Henry Swartz and Ned Williams, two of the first settlers of Claibourne, killed two Indians on Peacock Run, in the south- CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 563 em part of the township. The fact was never established, but the niissing Indians were never heai'd of again, and circumstances pointed strongly to their removal from this world by these two primitive backwoodsmen. Mr. Swartz possessed an irascible temper, which would often vent itself on the heads of the savages. On one occasion he beat one of them with the ram-rod of his gun. He would steal into their camps while they were off hunting and there play annoying tricks. The Indians sought Swartz and wanted a reconcilia- tion. He gave them no satisfaction. They then set up sticks with bullets on the ends around their camp to indicate war. Soon after, two Indians who had gone hunting did not return. Their comrades searched diligently for them, but with- out any results. Suspecting foul play, they carefully examined brush heaps and thickets and wandered excitedly along the banks of the creeks peering intently into their depths, but no trace of the lost men was found. They had traced them to Peacock Run, but there found no further indications of their presence. Capt. Henry Swartz and Ned "Williams had been clearing land and burning brush in this vicinity, and the Indians suspected them. They visited Swartz' s cabin; he was apparently unconcerned, but watchful. They wished to be friendly, they said; wanted to shoot at a mark with him and to borrow his gun. biit he refused every request. One day an old Indian hunter came to him and proposed a hunt, to which Capt. Swartz at length agreed. The Indian desired Swartz to lead, but the latter declined. They hunted for a long time, watching each other more closely than for game. Finally the Indian brave proposed that they divide. " You take that side and I this," he said. " No, replied Swartz, "you take this side and I that," choosing the side toward home. They separated, and when Swartz supposed he had left the Indian out of sight, he turned and hastened rapidly home. The Indian soon followed and in a great rage exclaimed, " You lie, you no hunt, you lie. " But as a discharge still remained in the rifle of Capt. Swartz, the Indian made no further demonstration and departed spet-dily. Mr. Swartz was alwayn after- ward very cautious and vigilant when he believed the Indians were near him. They soon afterward withdrew permanently from the region. Capt. Swartz, when afterward asked about this affair, would never com- mit himself, one way nor the other. He neither denied nor admitted that he killed or knew of the death of the Indians. But " Neddy " "Williams, when he was made somewhat indifferent to consequences by a few drinks of liquor, loved to boast that he knew where there were two good rifles in a hollow syca- more tree, and said they were put in by climbing a slender tree by the side of a sycamore and dropping them through an opening in the tree made by the breaking off' of the upper part of the trunk. There was a well-beaten path along the bank of Peacock Bun by the side of which stood an old sycamore, from which had fallen a large limb, sinking deep into the ground. This was near the place where Swartz and Williams had been clearing, and around the limb a large lire had been made. After a fall of snow, Mr. Zach Stephens, u brother-in-law of Henry Swartz, while hunting for some lost cattle, stepped into the hole made by the limb. He fell, and on withdrawing his foot found the lower jaw bone of a human being clinging to the heel of his boot. Sus- pecting the manner in which it had been placed there, he took it with him to Swartz's cabin, and holding it before the proprietor of the domicile, said: " Henry, do you know anything about ihisf Swartz grew pale, but made no response. It was currently believed that he and Williams had killed the In- dians and buried the remains. Cyprian Lee, is universally accredited with being the first settler of Clai- bourne Township. He was heir to one-third of the Buller Claibourne Sur- vey of 4,267 acres, and for his share took the southern third. The exact date 564 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. of his settlement here is unknown, though it was some time between 1820 and 1825, and probably not far from the lirst-mentioned date.* Mr. Lee was from Delaware. He first came out about 1820, a young unmarried man, and to find and see the land he owned. He then returned to Delaware, married Elizabeth Co'^per and returned to his backwoods home with his young wife. By trade he was a shoe-maker, and he followed the business to some extent in this township. In physique, he was short and muscular and quick in action. His was the first cabyi built west of the Scioto River in this region, and the date of its erection was a gala day for the settlers on the river. It stood several miles south of Richwood on the south bank of Fulton Creek, a few rods west of the bridge on the Marysville pike. The men who helped raise the cabin were mostly from the Scioto River. Among them were John L. Swartz and his two sons, Henry and Abram, John B. and Zachariah Dilsaver, James Cochran, Sr., John Hurd, Russell Fields and William Gallant. The occasion was one of great hilarity, and the popular beverage flowed freely. It was proposed, when the cabin was completed, that the place of the settlement of Mr. Lee should be named. John L. Swartz, an old but jovial German, said, Boys, ketch Lee." Lee eluded their grasp for some time, but finally submitted with good grace to the ordinance of christening. The ceremony was performed by Mr. Swartz, who took a flask of whisky, and pouring the contents on the uncovered head of Lee, exclaimed with all the solemnity he could assume, " Veil, ve calls it Leesburg." The name survived the occasion and was afterward given to the new township formed from this and other ter- ritory. Mr. Leo did not remain on his farim here longer than a few years. He was elected County Treasurer, and removed to Marysville, where he en- gaged in business aud became a prominent citizen. The next three settlers were Edward Williams, Robert Cotrell and Henry Swartz. Each of them purchased a farm from Mr. Lee and settled in a cluster, neighbors to Lee. Of the three, Ned Williams, as he was familiarly called, was the first to arrive, probably about 1822. He bought 100 acres from Mr. Lee and settled on it with his wife, Rebecca (Wilson), and children, Sally and Wilson. He was a hard working, industrious farmer, and keenly enjoyed himting, and often engaged in it, and who was somewhat addicted to the prac- tice, then quite common, of indulging freely in the products of the still. He died suddenly while on his way with a load of wheat to Portland, Lake Erie. His widow after a time removed to other parts. To Robert Cotrell is accorded the honor of being the third settler within the present limits of Claibourne Township. He came, perhaps in 1823. A native of Virginia, he emigrated to Ohio and tarried for a space of two cr three years on the west bank of the Scioto River, in Delaware County, about two miles up the river from the mouth of Bokes Creek. He rented property here and farmed industriously, then bought 100 or more acres from Mr. Lee. He had married Elizabeth Tyler in Virginia, and had two children when he emigrat- ed to Ohio, and several were born since their arrival in this State. They were Richard, Samuel, Gabriel, Eliza (Dilsaver), Jane (Lindsley) and Su- sanna (Kaiser). Mr. Cotrell was a small, rather slightly built man, but active and fond of fun. He owned only the few chattels which his neighbors did during the first years of his settlement, but when he was in a jovial mood he took delight in recounting to strangers the large amount of stock and other property he claimed to possess. The County Assessor visited him one year, and Mr. Cotrell was not aware of his official position. To the inquiries as to the extent of his personal wealth, he answered so much in accordance with the view of humor which then possessed him that his taxes were much *Seo account of t'ypriau Lao in history of Marysville, this volume. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. . 565 greater than those of his neighbors. After some opposition, he paid the amount, but the experience made him more wary with strangers thereafter. All in all he was an industrious and upright man. He died on the place he first settled in Claibourne Township. Henry Swartz was born in Pennsylvania and emigrated with his father, John L. Swartz, to Highland County, Ohio; thence they moved to the Scioto Kiver, in Delaware County. Henry Swartz there married Ann Stevens, pur- chased a forest farm from Cyprian Lee just north of the Sidle Methodist Protest- ant Church, and built his cabin northeast of Fulton Creek. The cabins of his three neighbors — Lee, Williams and Cotrell — were south of the creek. Mr. Swartz moved over to his new home about 1823 or 1824. He is described as being a tall, well-formed man, very strong, aggi-essive, not the least cowardly, and. withal, a kind, clever man. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and understood the Indian character very well and had no love for it. He was a great hunter, killing from sixty to eighty deer in a reason and cutting as many as seventy bee trees in a single fall, besides taking a considerable amount of other game. He sold the farm he first purchased in this township and bought another just north of Richwood, where he lived a few years. He was also in business for a short time in Richwood, but at last removed to De- fiance County, where he died at a ripe old age. The Clarks, four brothers — James, George, Henry and John— probably made the next settlement in Claibom'ne Township. The first three became the holders of 1,675 acres of land off the north part of the Buller Claibourne sur- vey, just east of Richwood, divided it among themselves and settled on it in 1826. They were from Amherst County, Va., and about 1822 emigrated to Miami County, Ohio, where they remained two years and then journeyed to the Scioto River in Delaware County. Two years later they entered upon their extensive land possessions. George came first. He was an old bachelor, and died on the place at the age of more than eighty years. Henry was mar- ried to Mary Fay, in 1824, in Delaware County. After residing in Claibourne Township for some time, he sold his property to Louis Hedges and removed to Illinois, where he died. James married Sarah Wilson, sold his land to Jacob Beem and took up his residence in Delaware County, where he died. John Clark came to Ohio in 1816 and settled first in Miami County. He re- mained there until 1824, when he removed to Delaware County. Four years afterward he purchased from one of his brothers a small place two and a half miles east of Richwood and settled there. He died in Delaware County, in 1850, aged seventy-seven years. Mrs. Sarah Touguet, a sister of the Clarks, and widow, came with her eight children to Claibourne Township in 1826, and made the cabin of her bachelor brother, George Clark, her home. Four of the eight children still survive — Clarka, the wife of Maj. John Calloway, Henry, of Logan County, John A. J., in this, and Steward in Jackson Township. David Field, a colored man, received 100 acres of land from Cyprian Lee for two years' labor and settled on it about 1826. He was born a slave, given his freedom and brought to Delaware County when a boy by John Mark. He was a strong, muscular man, and would not bear imposition. For a while he was industrious and economical, but through sickness his farm became in- volved and he finally lost it. He never regained any property and died a pauper in an adjoining county. Nathaniel Wilson came from Ross County, Ohio, about 1830, and settled on the Cyprian Lee farm. He was of Scotch-Irish descent and by religious afiiliation a Presbyterian. His four children were Joseph, William, Elizabeth, who married William Touguet and Sally, the wife of James Clark. Mr. 566 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Wilson afterward moved to Richwood, and after a time departed and took up his abode in some other locality. John Smith, or " Buffalo Smith," as he was universally called, a large, rough character, rough in physique and rough in manners, but kind hearted, took a " squatter's '" claim on 100 acres in the Lee settlement very early and lived there for awhile. He then removed to Marion County. The Henry Swartz place, three miles south of Richwood, was purcliased by Henry Shisler, a German, who came to Claibourne from Licking County about 1832. His children were John, William, Sarah (Beem), Mary (Rose), Elizabeth (Sturdevant), Lydia and Anna (Reed). Eleazor Rose, his son-in-law, came about the same tinie and settled upon the same farm. He, too, was born in Licking County. After tilling the soil a number of years at this place, he removed to a farm on Rush Creek, and there spent the remainder of his life. Basil Bridge, in 1834, bought a farm of 114 acres, now the L. Myers place, just southeast of Richwood, from one of the Clarks, and settled upon it with his large family. It was then a dense wilderness. He was a native of Canada, but moved to New York in 1812 and enlisted in the American Army, though then but sixteen years old. In 1814, he married Almira Warner, a native of Vermont, and in 1815 emigrated to Ohio, settling in Ames Township, Athens County; thence he removed to the Scioto River in Delaware County, and to Claibourne in 1834. He died in 1859 in Marion County. His widow survived until December, 1S74. Of their ten children, the oldest, Sarah Jane, the wife of John Dilsaver, is the only resident of Union County. Zerah Lindsley, in the autumn of 1832, removed to Claibourne from Thompson Township, Delaware County, but not liking the country remained only till the following spring. Fifty acres of land then sold for one horse and the labor of splitting 1,000 rails. Mr. Lindsley now resides at Richwood. Thomas Andrews, a German, came from Licking County about 1830 or 1832 and settled on what is now the' Elijah Harris place, about one and a fourth miles soath of Richwood. His wife was Phoebe, a sister of Ebenezer Rose; his children wwe Hiram, Peter, Phoebe and Elizabeth. Mr. An- drews sold his farm and removed to Marion County. He ultimately emigrated to Iowa and died there. Adam Andrews, a cousin of the above, came about the same time and from the same place. He settled on a farm just south of Richwood, now owned and occupied by J. A. Phillips. He soon after sold it to Adam Dil- saver and moved West. Adam Dilsaver came to Claibourne about 1832 from Fairfield County, after stopping a short time in Delaware County until he could look up a good location. His wife was Sally (Winstead), and his three children, Harrison, Elizabeth, and Ann Maria. After living for a few years on the place he had purchased from Mr. Andrews, he removed with his family to Winnebago Coun- ty, ill. John Dilsaver, in December, 1835, settled on the farm which he still owns, about two miles south of Richwood. He had married Jane Bridge July 14 preceding. He was born in Fairfield County in 1806, and about 1812 emi- grated with his father, Michael Dilsaver, to the Scioto River in Delaware County. John remained here, working out some, however, in this township, until his marriage and settlement on his own farm. He was reared on the frontier, and in his youth wore deer-skin clothes, the usual garb of the back- woodsmen of that day. From the earnings of manual daily labor, he saved means enough to purchase his land, and has since accumulated more. He raised his family on this farm and is still a resident thereon, one of the old and highly esteemed pioneers of this locality. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 567 Adam Imbody, about 1835, settled about three miles south of Richwood, north of Fulton Creek, on the farm now owned by D. A. Bigelow. He was a German, and had emigrated from the State of New York. He brought with him his wife and four children, and reared a large family. He moved after- ward to Marion County and died there. As will be noticed, all the above settlers occupied farms on the Buller Claibourne Survey. Most of the other surveys were not yet in market, the proprietor? doubtless withholding them for higher prices than were then cur- rent. Between 1835 and 1840, the settlements became more scattering, and at the later date dotted all parts of the township. Among the most important settlements was that of the Grahams. Samuel Graham, son of John and Jane Graham, was born in Jefferson County Novem- ber 3, 1800. From Jefferson he removed to Carroll County, and from it to White-Eyes Township, Coshocton County, with his parents, while yet in his youth. He was mai'ried October 16, 1821, to Sarah Butterfield, who was born in Fayette County, Penn. , July 22, 1803, and came to Cari-oll County when two years old, with his parents. Mr. Graham remained in Co- shocton County, engaged in farming, until 1836. In June of that year, he purchased 100 acres, just northwest of Richwood, from Henry Swartz, and in the followiug September moved to it with his family. He continued to reside on this farm until his death, which occuri'ed by accident on the railroad, April 13, 1864. Mr. Graham had occasion to visit Marion. The railroad was then in process of building and he received permission to travel on the coastruction train. Oq his return trip, the weather was severe and the car upon which he was riding, with others, an open one. He was walking back and forth from one car to another to dispell the numbing sensation of cold, when a sudden jerk of the cars threw him beneath the wheels and he was instantly crushed. He had been an upright man, and was a consistent member of the Methodist Protestant Church for thirty-three years. Of his twelve children, three died young; John, is a Methodist Episcopal minister at Richwood; Margaret is the wife of William Fisher, of this township; Thomas B. , a Methodist Protestant minister, is now at North Lewisburg, Ohio; Samuel P.. died in Illinois in 1865; Francis M., died two years ago;Lydia Ann, occupies the old homestead; Joel D., resides in this township; William J., enlisted in the service and died in the Louisville, Ky., Hospital; Martha, wife of Benjamin A. Snowden, re- sides in Claibourne Township. In 1837, John and Jane Graham, the parents of Samuel, moved from Coshocton County and settled on a farm of 100 acres in the woods about one mile southwest from Richwood. Mr. Graham was born in Pennsylvania, and was of Bcotch-Irish descent; his wife whs a native of Ireland, emigrating to America when seven years old. Both were members of the Presbyterian Chui-ch. Mr. Graham died about 1848 or 1849. His wife preceded him to the grave two years. John P. Graham, in September. 1836, accompanied his brother Samuel from Coshocton County and settled on an adjoining farm of 100 acres. It was then wholly unimproved, and he paid for it $3 per acre. Mr. Graham died at this place. His widow, Mrs. Eliza Graham, still survives. Their children are Jane, Abigail, William, Hannah, Margaret, John L., Isaac, Francis and Marion, some of whom lived in Claibourne Township. Samuel Livingston, from Coshocton County, about 1839 settled on a small farm one and one-fourth miles southwest from Richwood, where he is still living at a venerable old age. He followed farming and blacksmithing. His wife was Jane Graham. Mr. Livingston furnished five boys for the service during the rebellion, and all returned uninjured. 568 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Daniel Swartz, in October, 1834, purchased from Philip Plummer fifty acres of land, situated just north of Richwood, and he moved to it at once. He was born in Pennsylvania, but had emigrated when quite young with his father to Highland County, near Hillsboro. He died March 9, 1842, of con- sumption, aged forty-two years, leaving, a wife and five children. The former. Mrs. Susan Swartz, aged eighty-three years, is still residing at the old place.. Peter Grace, in March, 1887, came from Licking County with his wife Nancy, and children, and settled one and a half miles west of Richwood, where he still owns and occupies a small place. He was atone time a minister of the New Light Christian faith, but afterward became a Methodist Protestant, and later of the Disciple Church. In the western part of the township one of the earliest settlements was made by John Cahill. He there accumulated a large property and became one of the leading, energetic and influential citizens of the northern par' of the county. William Hamilton was one of the early pioneers of Claibourne Township and for a period of almost thirty years one of the foremost men of Union County. He was born near Morgantown, Va., in 1789. In 1807, he emigrated with his father, William Hamilton, Sr., to Muskingum County, Ohio, arriving at their pioneer home on his eighteenth birthday. Here his energies were de- veloped by his assistatice in clearing the densely timbered land and reducing it to a well -improved farm. He acquired extensive possessions, and in 1837 sold his large farm with the expectation to locate farther in the west. For one season he tarried in Licking. He then purchased from Cadwallader Wallac(> his survey of 1,000 acres, northwest of Richwood, paying 13,600 for it, and reached Claibourne Township, April 30, 1838. The survey was afterward- found to contain nearly 1,400 acres. Mr. Hamilton remained at Richmond until he could build a log house, when he at once moved into it and remained its 'jccupant till his decease. This large tract was as yet untouched by tht^ woodman's ax, and the arduous labor of again developing a farm devolved upon him. He was a man possessed of energies greatly superior to those of average mankind, and carried an enthusiasm and determination into whatever enterprise he undertook which insured its success. In physique he was large and powerful. Though not cultured, he was thoroughy honest and public spirited, and was perhaps more influential in creating a healthy moral at- mosphere in. his community, by his example and teachings, of his withering de- nunciation of whatever was mean and contemptible, than any other individual . His spirit was chivalrous, and to the weak or oppressed he was unusually kind. He was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church and for nearly forty years a local minister of this faith. In politics, he was strongly Whig, and later in life a Repxablican. He had served in Muskingum County as Com missioner and filled the same office in Union County. It was to his exertions and labors, largely, that the Infirmary farm was purchased and building erected. His death occurred August 12, 1867. Mr. Hamilton had been twice married. By his first wife. Miss Ewing, he had four children — Elizabeth, Samuel, William and Benjamin. Elizabeth, married Jacob C. Sidle, a prom- inent farmer of Claibourne; Samuel, is a farmer in Marshall County, 111. ; William, a farmer at Wenona, same county; Benjamin, died in Claibourne Township. The second wife was Lydia Springer. By this marriage there were eight childi-en — Cornelius S. (deceased), an attorney of Marysvjlle; John W., Professor of Surgery at the Columbus Medical College; Joseph H., a Methodist Protestant Minister, now at Mount Vernon, Ohio; Isaac N., a phy- sician, at Marysville; Horatio C, of Richwood; George B., a farmer of Clai- bourne; Susan R. (deceased); and Thomas B., a physician, who enlisted as dUS^ AxalX^ (<^ocbyL^ CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 571 Suro^eon in the One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Regiment, and died at Memphis, Tenn. , in 1865. Lazarus Hartley accompanied Mr. Hamilton from Licking County, con- veying his family and effects to the new home in a two- wheeled cart. He leased a farm on the Hamilton tract and assisted greatly in clearing it. Mr. Hartley was illiterate but possessed a remarkable memory. Whatever he saw or once heard was always remembered, and it became quite a custom in the neighborhood where he lived to refer any disputed matter of fact to him for settlement. He after awhile acquired a farm in Claibourne and some of his children now occupy it. His death occurred a few years ago. Richard Ward came from Muskingum County with Mr. Hamilton and lived in the vicinity for ten oi more years. About 1835, Peter Jackson removed- from Pickaway County and settled on a farm in Survey No. 7,008, on Peacock Run, three miles south of Rich wood. His son occupied a portion of the same farm. After a few years, both, with their families, returned to Pickaway County. Junkin Mulvain came about 1839 from White-Eyes Township, Coshocton County, and settled on a farm in Survey No. 6,307, about two miles west of Richwood. He was a large, tall man, and a good citizen, and died in this township. Jacob Beem was born in Alleghany County, Md., and when twelve years old emigrated with his brother's family to Jersey Township, Licking County. He there married Phoebe Rose and in 1834 came to Claibourne Township, settling on a farm about two and one-half miles south of Rich- wood. Mr. Beem possessed a strong and hardy character, well fitted to cope with the difficulties incident to pioneer life. He remained a life-long and well-esteemed citizen of the township. His death occurred in December, 1878. John Beem removed from Licking County to Claibourne in 1832, but a few years later sold his farm to Jacob Beem and emigrated to Webster Coun- ty, Iowa. Aaron Beem settled early, about one and one-half miles southeast of Richwood. The following settlers entered the township at some time prior to 1840, some of them several years before. John Atwood was originally from Virginia, but came here from Muskin- gum County. He died on his farm about one and a half miles south of Rich- wood. Alexander and George Cowgill, father and only son, came from Ross County, and dwelt for a time on Bokes Creek. They thea settled in the south- east part of the township, where the father, Alexander, died. George re- moved to Jackson Township, and his family still resides there. Michael Cramer from Knox County, settled just south of Richwood on land now embraced within the corporation limits. He was a farmer and died here. His son Michael removed to Marysville. Abraham Decker was a Pennsylvanian by birth. He emigrated to this township a widower, with his children, and settled two or thi'ee miles east of Richwood. In a few years he removed to Mercer County. Benjamin Fisher, now a resident of Richwood in his seventy-fifth year, m April, 1836, removed from nea)' Mount Vernon, Ohio, to a farm one and a fourth miles west of Richwood. He had come the fall before with five or six men and built a cabin on the place. His brother-in-law, Atticus Neil, took immediate possession of it. Mr. Fisher occupied it during the spring of his removal until he had constructed a hewed-log house. At this time there were no settlers living between his farm and the village. He purchased 160 acres, paying for it $2.50 per acre. The York road was opened about the 572 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. time he came. There had previously been a trail to the Miller settlement in York Township. His father, Larkin Fisher, came a few years later, but re- sided most of the time in Richwood. Isaac Gearheart about 1835 took possession of a farm about a mile south of Richwood. He subsequently moved to Rush Creek, where he passed the re- mainder of his life. Sylvester Grindle, formerly a resident of Pickaway County, settled about three miles west of Richwood, and by economy and frugality acquired consid- erable property. Elisha Higbee was an early settler. He was a cooper by trade, and removed TO Kenton. Subsequently he went to Hancock County. Isaac Headley, from Coshocton County, settled about one and a half miles northeast from Richwood, and remained on his farm of 100 acres there through life. He followed carpentering to some extent in connection with farming. Joseph Murphy in 1836 came from Allegheny County, Penn., and settled on the Joynes Survey, in the southwestern part of the township, near the site of Claibourne Village. He pursued the avocation of farming, and died on his farm in 1857. His widow, Mrs. Rebecca Murphy, still sui'vives. A brother, Samuel Murphy, accompanied him to this home. He was an old bachelor, hunted a great deal, and died at Richwood in 1882, aged eighty-one years. Charles Morse, probably about 1839, settled on a farm of 100 acres just north of Richwood. He was a Yankee, and afterward removed to Marysville. Samuel Moses in 1835 changed his place of residence from St. Lawrence County, N. Y., to Cuyahoga County, Ohio. The year following he came to Jerome Township, Union County, and soon after settled on a farm in the eastern part of Claibourne, where he still jresides aged eighty-one years. His wife, Sally, died in 1882, aged eighty-two years. Of their eleven children, eight grew to maturity. Abraham and James Moses, brothers, and distantly related to Samuel Moses, were also early settlers of Claibourne. Abraham died about a mile east of Richwood and James moved to Mercer County. Isaac D. Stewart, from Muskingum County, settled in the southern part of the township on Fulton Creek. He afterward moved to Iowa and died there. William H. Sherman settled in the northeastern part of the township. He was from the eastern part of the State. Not liking Claibourne Township, he soon returned to his former place of residence. In answer to an inquiry as to the cause of his return, he said that the country was so wet that he could not find a dry spot large enough to set a hen, and had to use the stump of a tree for this purpose. William and John "Wynegar, two brothers, in 1837, came from Highland County and settled on adjoining farms in the wilderness, about three miles west of Richwood, south of the Summersville road. In 1852, John moved to Winnebago County, 111.; and in 1882, to Kansas, where he now lives. Will- iam removed to Starke County, Ind., in 1864, and died there. Tobias Robinson, about 1838, became a resident of the western portion of the township, where he remained until his death. He was from Pickaway County. In 1887, John Warner, from Coshocton County, settled with his wife and one child in the southwestern poi'tion of the township, near Claibourne Village. He subsequently emigrated to Iowa. Martin Walters and Abram Taylor, brothers-in-law to Mr. Warner, in 183S removed to the same part of Claibourne from Coshocton County. Mr. Taylor died there, leaving a family which is now scattered, and Mr. Walters 1 CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 573 moved West. In 1838, there were no settlements nearer than two or three miles to this group of pioneers. The first road in the township was probably the one passing north and south through Richwood. About 1825, Cyprian Lee and Henry Swartz took the contract to cut this road from the southern to the northern line of the township. They only cleared away the under brush and small trees, leaving many obstacles in the shape of large timber. The road was made fifteen feet wide. MILLING. One of the serious problems that arose for solution in the pioneer times in Claibourne as well as every other newly settled locality, was how to reduce the corn and wheat to a degree of fineness sufficient for domestic purposes. The family of Henry Swartz for several weeks grouod all the meal they used in a hand coffee mill. John Swartz, a settler on the Scioto River, was the happy owner of a little hand mill, upon which, by a vigorous exercise of mus- cle, a half bushel of grain might be reduced to a tolerably fine meal in sev- eral hours. It was much resorted to by Jtobert Cotrell and others of the ear- liest settlers. Adam Dilsaver constructed a horse mill at his place a short distance south of Richwood, which was extensively used by his neighbors. His customers must furnish their own horse power, and as three or four horses were neces- sary to operate the cumbersome machinery, several would sometimes arrange to be there at one time in order to help each other; this, however, was rarely necessary. The capacity of the mill was so slight that it was usually in mo- tion, and it was not uncommon for a farmer to start to mill at 2 o'clock in the morning in order to be first there, and consequently the first to have his wants attended to. Occasionally the mill would run all night. Richard Irwin, whose farm was about one and a half miles east of Richwood, also had a horse mill. These mills were so almost interminably slow that they were used only during dry weather when there was no water power, or during muddy weather when the distant mills were inaccessible. Some pioneers preferred going forty miles to a good mill to using a horse mill, and this distance was sometimes traveled. A large four-horse load was once taken to a mill on Mad River in Champaign County, where the press of business was so great that several weeks elapsed before the hungry settlers in this vicinity obtained their grists. A mill on Owl Creek in Knox County, was occasionally visited, but usually the mills on Darby Creek were available. No water grist mills are known to have been in operation in Claibourne Township. John Dilsaver operated a small tannery for a few years on his farm south of Richwood. Another was for a long time operated in Richwood by the sons of John Graham. SCHOOLS. A log cabin stood near the Sidle Methodist Protestant Church, a little northeast of it, which was built as a schoolhouse, and in which the first school in the toT^nship was held. The primitive pedagogue here was Mr. Lamphere, an aged man, who taught in various localities. The pupils were Ellison, James and Wilson Williams, Richard, Samuel and Eliza Cotrell, John A. and Elder Swartz, and perhaps the Wilson children and a few others from a dis- tance. The term lasted only about two months. Eleazor Rose was one of the earliest teachers in this locality. He dwelt in one apartment of a double log cabin, and in the other enlightened the un- derstanding of the youth in this community. He was reputed an excellent teacher. 574 HISTORY OF UxNION COUNTY. It would be impossible to make mention of the first teachers in all por- tions of the township. The schools have had a gradual growth from very small beginnings, like all other institutions, and have now attained an effi- ciency equal to that found anywhere else in the county. SKETCH OF THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP.* Rich wood and vicinity, in Claibourne Township, was early noted for the order, morality, and religious character of its citizens. When the writer, in 1836, first became acquainted in the place, it was understood that all the in- habitants were a sober,, church-going people. And this continued to be its reputation for many years. The first minister of the Gospel who settled in the town was Rev. John Carney, of the Regular Baptist denomination. He was au old man when the writer first saw him, and appeared to be in declining health. His home was a little log cabin situated some rods south of where the Baptist Church now stands. He had no church organization of his own denomination, and was able to preach but occasionally. I think it was in 1888, he seemed to grow more feeble than usual, and it became apparent that his work on earth would soon be done, unless his health should improve. This did not occur. He seemed, however, to desire to use his little remaining strength in giving his dying testimony in favor of the truth. He therefore had word circulated that he wished his neighbors and friends to come to his little cabin on a certain Sun- day and he would preach to them once more. At the time appointed the^^ came. The old gentleman opened the service in the usual manner; and when the time for the sermon came, he introduced his subject by saying, " I will read for my text the first and secoad verses of the Scriptures." He then read Genesis, i, 1,2, and preached his last formal discourse on earth. Soon after, his health became so feeble he had to remain in the house, and not many weeks after, he quietly fell asleep. His neighbors and friends laid his body carefully and respectfully in the little village graveyard, where his dust still quietly waits the call of the resurrection of the just. Another generation of the Baptist people in Richwood have very re- cently learned that the little graveyard lot, on a part of which their church stands, contains the unmarked grave of the pioneer minister of this commun- ity. They have inquired out the spot., and declared their purpose to mark and protect the precious trust. This is well. For it is an honor to any con- gregation to be permitted to guard the resting place of the man who first preached the Gospel in the wilderness — the harvest of whose seed-sowing they reap and enjoy. As a fitting sequel to the above, it is proper now to say, that on March 24, 1878, the Regular Baptists, under the pastoral labors of Rev. W. R. Thomas, formally organized themselves into a chui'ch, according to the rules of their denomination, and thus adding one more church to Richwood's already fair supply. The names of the persons who entered into this organization were Thonias Phillips, S. Carter,' Joseph Powell, Susan Landon, Elmos Langstaff, Jane Langstaflf, William Ferguson, S. A. Ferguson, Anthony Trickey, Mary Trickey, Robert B. Cook, Mary A. Gooding, Clara Crabtree, Kim Crabtreo, Amanda Hanby, Louisa Wooley, Elizabeth Blake, Anne Cain, W. H. Rich- ards, Annie H. Richards, Martha Merritt, Zella Merritt, E. M. Lindsay, M. J. Lindsay, Eliabeth Eagans. The regular officers of this church have been: Deacons — W. H. Richards, Elmos Langstafif; Clerks — Ist, William Ferguson; 2d, E. M. Devreaux; 3d, E. M. Lindsav; 4th, D. B. Willoughby; Treasurers —Ist, S. S. Carter; 2d, W. H. Richards. * By Rev. John Gruhaiu, of Richwood. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 575 The pastors of this church have been — 1st, Rev. R. W. Thomae, two years; 2d, Rev. W. Wilbur, eighteen months; 3d, Rev. J. W. Scott, who commenced his pastorate September 1, 1881, and continued to the present time, December, 1882. The places of worship that have been occupied by this church have been, first, Westheimer's Hall; second, Marriott's Hall; and third, their new church, which they erected and dedicated on the third Sabbath of September, 1882. This church is a neatly finished frame house, worth about $2,000, and paid for. The number of communicants in this church at the present time is forty-two. In September. 1880, this church organized a Sunday school, which has been regularly kept up, and is now in a prosperous condition. This is the proper place to state that the colored members of the Regu- lar Missionary Baptist denomination organized themselves into a church in Rich- wood, February 13, 1876, under the pastoral labors of Rev. L. B. Morse. The members who entered into the first organization were George Curry, I. Thornton, Bertie Curry, Lida Thornton, Joseph Williams, Lucinda Will- iams, N. V. Evans, Jordan Harrison, Fanny Harrison, Melvina Parker, Robert Malone, David Brown, Peter Snow. The officers of this church are: Deacons — N. V. Evans, R. Malone, D. Brown; Clerk — Jordan Harrison; Trustees — N. V. Evans, J. Harrison, J. Malone; Treasurer — Peter Snow. This church has built a good house of worship, worth $1,900, all paid for but about $125. This house was formally dedicated to the worship of God on the second Sun- day in September, 1882. The communicants in the church now number thirty six. They have organized and maintained a Sunday school. The pastors of the church have been Rev. L. B. Morse, Rev. H. Clay, and Rev. Mr. Golliford, who serves the church at present. Methodist Episcopal Church — The Methodist Episcopal Church was or- ganized in Richwood, October 17, A. D. 1835. William Phillips was the first Glass Leader, and the following-named persons were the members of this class, to wit: William Phillips, Isabella Phillips, Mortimer Bentley, Nancy Bent- ley, Elsie Sirpless. Not long after the organization the following were added to the names above given: Sarah Woods, Margaret Brooking, Hezekiah Bur- dick, Catharine Burdick, Philip Plummer, Ann Maria Plummer, William Barkdull, Priscilla Barkdull, Adam Burge, Louis Burdick, Catharine Bur- dick. The pastor of the church at the time of its organization was Rev. Warren Frazell. The Presiding Elder was William H. Raper. William Phillips was elected as first Steward of the newly formed church; also first Recording Stew- ard of Richwood Circuit. The first leaders' meeting of the church was held at Mr. Phillips' shop,, with the pastor and class leader as the only members present. There was no church house of any denomination in Claibourne Township at the time this organization took place. The religious meetings, therefore, were held in such places as could be procured — sometimes in a shop, a storeroom, the little schoolhouse, or in the home of some of the members. These places were in- convenient, but the best that could be obtained at the time. The pastor next appointed in charge of the Richwood Circuit was Rev. Richard Doughty. He remained in the work but a short time; and when he left, the Presiding El- der, Rev. Jacob Young, employed Rev. Samuel M. Beatty, a local preacher, to take charge of the circuit. Mr. Beatty continued to serve the circuit until in August, 1836. Next after Mr. Beatty, Rev. Ebenezer T. Webster, a member of the Ohio Annual Conference, was appointed in charge of Richwood Circuit. He arrived with his family on his work sometime in the autumn of 1836. His home was in Richwood, and he and his family, devoted themselves earnestly 576 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. to the service of the church. The circuit prospered under his ruinistry. He remained one year in charge of this work. During the year 1837,the Methodist Episcopal, Church erected in Eichwood the first house of worship in Claibourne Township. This house was built of hewed logs, about, I think, 28x36 feet in size. It was finished in the plainest style. Its seats were- rude benches without backs to them. It was warmed by one stove, placed near the center of the building. It stood on or near the spot where the residence of A. J. Blake now stands. It was dedicated dur- ing the Quarterly Meeting services, held by Rev. Samuel Hamilton, August 14, 1837, Mr. Hamilton, having been sent by the Presiding Elder to hold the Quarterly Meeting in his stead. Mr. Hamilton's subject of discourse on Sunday morning was the return of the prodigal son. This efibrt was a very happy one; many wept, and many others rejoiced aloud — all were deeply im- pressed. Next after Mr. Webster, Rev. K. S. Kimber was appointed as pastor in Richwood. He did not move his family into the bounds of the work. He re- mained in charge of this work two years. He labored very faithfully, and was fairly successful in promoting the interests of the church. During the latter part of his second year on the circuit, Mr. Kimber had to assist him in hie work, Rev. John C. Havens. In August, 1839, Mr. Kimber, Mr. Havens and Rev. Jacob Young, the Presiding Elder, all closed up, for the present, their ministerial labors at Richwood. In the latter part of August or first of September, 1839, Rev. Jacob A. Brown and Rev. Jesse Prior arrived in Richwood as pastors on the circuit. Mr. Brown settled his family in Richwood, and Mr. Prior his in Delhi. They both remained on the work one year, with Rev. Zachariah Connell as Presid- ing Elder. They were all faithful and successful in their work. At the General Conference, in May, 3840, a change was made in the boundaries of the Ohio Annual Conference, to which Richwood Circuit, up to ' this time, had belonged, and the North Ohio Conference was organized, with Richwood within its limits. At the first session of this conference, which met in Norwalk, Ohio, in the month of August, Rev. George Armstrong was ap- pointed to Richwood, with Rev. W. S. Morrow as his Presiding Elder. Mr. Armstrong moved to Richwood and commenced his labors immediately. Soon after the year began, the Presiding Elder employed Rev. W. S. Rowe to assist Mr. Armstrong in his work. These two men were earnest and faithful. Mr. Rowe remained on the work but apart of the year; and when he left. Rev. T. H. Wilson was employed to fill out the balance of the year. They had fair prosperity in their work. , Next after Mr. Armstrong and Mr. Wilson, R. S. Kimber was re-rppointed to Richwood, with George S. Phillips as his co-pastor. They were pleasant gentlemen and faithful to their labors. In the latter part of August, 1842, Jesse Prior and William Boggs took charge of Richwood as pastors. They were cordially received by the people, and indications seemed to promise a year of prosperity. The year had not advanced far, however, till Mr. Prior, the senior pastor, began to preach the peculiar doctrines of Mr. Miller, who said " the world will come to its end in 1843." This new departure did not pro- mote the harmony of the church, and controversy with dissensions abounded. Before this conference year ended. Mr. Prior withdrew from the Methodist Episcopal Church and identified himself with the newly organized sect, called " Second Adventists." Mr. Boggs proved true and faithful to the church, and did what he could to prevent disaster; and his efiorts were so far successful that it was deemed best, by the authorities, to return him the second year to the charge. He was a judicious manager, a good preacher, and a devout man. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 677 Joseph Jones was with him on the work during his second year. Mr. Jones was the senior in office. As near as I can now ascertain, the following is a cor- rect list of the pastors who served the Methodist Episcopal Church in Rich- wood from 1844 to 1864, namely, Edward Williams, L. F. Ward, W. M. Spafford, B. Herbert, O. Burgess, A. Rumfield, J. Sterling, P. Plummer, F. W. Vertican, E. Hyatt, J. Frownfelter, S. D. Seymour, W. Knapp, P. Ware- ham, L. Herbert, L. L. Roberts, J. Blanpied, J. Good, J. M. Longfellow, J. Wykes, W. Lawrence, J. S. Deleal, H. M. Shaffer, J. K. Ford. During the pastorate of Mr. Good and Mr. Longfellow, which lasted from 1856 to 1858, the most extensive revival of religion that this church has ever had in Richwood occurred. Almost 100 persons were converted and added to the church. During their pastorate, also, the old log-meeting house proved entirely insufficient to accommodate the wants of the church. They, therefore, tooJf measures to secure the building of a new house of worship. The result is the present church, which is a substantial brick building, well situated, and well furnished. It is large enough to accommodate the congregation, and is worth about $6,000. The present membership of this church is a little over 200. Its present pastor is Rev. D. Bowers. The church has kept up a working, successful Sunday school from near the time of its first organization. It is now in prosperous working order. It has twenty-five officers and teachers, and 160 scholars. The ladies of the church have kept up, for the last nine years, an efficient,, earnest, working organization of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. The society is now prospering. The church is doing good work. Early in the history of Claibourne Township, there was a small society of the Methodist Episcopal Church organized some three miles west of Rich- wood, in what was known as the Wynegar neighborhood. They never built a house of worship. They kept up a feeble existence for some thirty years; but finally disbanded. Its old members are either dead or removed to other parts; and some have united with churches in other places. A church organization without af place of worship, or some convenient place for meet- ing, is like a family without a home — it cannot prosper. The Methodist Protestant Churcli was formally organized in Richwood, September, 1836. John B. Lucas was its pastor at the time; and Samuel Graham was its first Class Leader. The names of its first members were- Samuel Graham, Sarah Graham, John P. Brookins, Margaret Brookins, John Woods, Sarah Woods, John P. Graham, Eliza Graham, Jane Houk, Jane B. Coffee. Its first place of worship was the little log schoolhouse which stood in the northeast part of town. Within some two years after its organization, there were important additions to the membership of the church in the persons . of Rev. William Hamilton, Lydia Hamilton, Samuel Hamilton, Nancy Hamil ton, Benjamin Hamilton. These persons moved into the neighborhood, hav- ing been members of the church in Muskingum County, and joined by letter. I think it was in the winter of 1839 and 1840 that Rev. John M. Young, assisted by a number of other ministers, held a revival meeting for the Meth- odist Protestant Church in Richwood, which was very successful. In it were converted the following- named persons who afterward became distinguished John W. Hamilton, now Professor of Surgery in the Medical College in Columbus; Joseph M. Hamilton, who has long been a leading minister in his church in the Muskingum Conference; T. B. Graham, who has for many years been a prominent minister in the Ohio Conference, and I. N. Ham- ilton, who is local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a physi- cian. Many others were converted in this meeting who have proved faithful — some of whom have gone to the better land. This revival was probably 578 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. farther reaching in its results than any other ever held in Richwood by this denomination. It was held in the Methodist Episcopal house of worship. After diligeut inquiry, I have failed to obtain a consecutive list of the minis- ters who served this church in the early years — one of whom I remember, but I cannot recall his name. He treated this congregation to a surprise which was rather pleasant. He was preaching in the old schoolhouse one Sunday morning, when very unexpectedly Rev. Ziba Brown, with Miss Jane B. Coffee on his arm, walked into the house. Mr. Brown stepped into the pulpit and sat down behind the minister who was preaching. Miss Coifee sat down in the congregation. When the sermon was ended, the minister said — " There is a case of matrimony to be attended to. The parties will please present them- selves." Whereupon Mr. Brown stepped down to where Miss Coffee sat, took her on his arm, they two presented themselves before the minister, and he, after requiring them to "plight their vows each to the other," pronounced them "husband and wife together." He then dismissed the congregation. All were pleased. As soon as the possibility for better accommodations than the old school- house afforded could be seen, the members began to plan for a new church. As near as I can now ascertain, they commenced getting materials ready ia the winter of 1839 and 1840; aod they got the house so it could be occupied by some time in 1842. This house was built of hewed logs; and was in size, about 30x35 feet. When finished, it was the largest public room in the north part of Union County. The first seats in it were plain benches with no backs to them. When the house was about ready for occupancy, a serious question arose as to how it should be warmed. There were no stoves for sale in or near Richwood, and there was then no railroad on which to order one brought. The problem was finally solved, by the members contributing wheat enough, when sold, to pay for a stove; and Mr. Samuel Grraham. accompanied by Rev. WiL- iam Hamilton, hauled the wheat in a wagon to Granville, in Licking County, and traded it for a stove. They brought this stove back with them in their wagon, and placed it in the church. As I can find no records that give a consecutive list of the early ministers who served this congregation of Christians, I give from my own memory, and the memory of others, as near a correct list as I am able to produce: Jon- athan Flood. Sr. .was one of the earliest, R. M. Dolby was another who preached in the old schoolhouse. Soon after him were Isaac Hunt. Louis Hicklen, David Moore, Joshua I. Devore, Isaac Edwards, Ziba Brown. O. P. Stevens, John Inskeep, J. H. Webster. Lyman Ensminger and i^ohn B. Peat. These had all served the church here previous to the close of 1818. From 1847 to 1850, the brothers, S. H. Flood and J. M. Flood, served the church. Under their labors extensive revivals of religion occurred, and many were added to the chm-ch. In 1851, O. P. Stevens again served this people. After him T. D. Howe, D. Kinney, M. V. B. Evans. About 1858, it became apparent to this congregation that their old log house was not up with the improved condition of the country; they, therefore, set about providing more commodious accommodations for themselves. They got ready for dedication on the 17th day of July, 1859, a very pleasant, sub- stantial, neat, brick house, large enough to meet all their wants. This house cost something over §2,000; and would have been sufficient to the present time, but for the fact it was consumed in a fire that occurred in April, 1875. The present house occupied by this church is built on the foundation of the one that was burned; and is a neat, well finished, well furnished, brick struct- ure, worth some $5,000. This church w^ constituted a station at the Annual Conference which met in the summer of 1865; and its first Quarterly Confer- ^^^^^^-ty^^j^y^ CLAIBOURNE TOWxNSHIP. 581 ence, as a station, was held in the church in Richwood, November 4, the same year. The official members who constituted this Quarterly Conference were: T. B. Graham, Pastor; Rev. D. Kinney, Rev. W. Hamilton. Lavmen —J. T. Lenox, John Woods, E. Norris, J. S. Gill, L. Myers, J. A. Cook, G. B. Hamilton, Cyrus Landon. The officers of the conference were J. Law- son, Chairman; W. H. Ferguson, Secretary. This station has been contin- uously kept up till the present time. Its history has been one of fair prosper- ity; and it now has a good reputation in the community. Its present pastor is Rev. E. G. Brumbaugh. Its membership numbers a little more than 200 com- municants. This church has kept up a prosperous Sunday school most of the time since its first organization. This school is now doing well. The ladies of the church keep up an efficient working organization for the promotion of " Foreign Missions." The officers of this society are: Px'esi- dent — Mrs. J. Tucker; Vice President — Mrs. B. C. Hamilton; Treasurer — Mrs. Marion Hamilton, now deceased; Secretary — Miss E. Simpson. Ab near as I can now ascertain, some time in the year 1848 Rev. John B. Peats organized a society of Methodist Protestants two and one-half miles south of Richwood, in Claibourne Township, and named the organization "Bethlehem Church." The names of the members who went into this organiza- tion were — Rev. J. C. Sidle, Elizabeth Sidle, David Burns, Mary Burns, Mich- ael and Permelia Brown, John and Mary Swartz, Jacob Wilds, Allen Wynegar. This organization soon increased in numbers until nearly sixty persons were ac- cepted as communicants. They worshiped for a time in the schoolhouse and such other places as could be temporarily obtained. As soon as their financial circumstances would justify them in doing so, they proceeded to erect for themselves a comfortable frame meeting house, near the east bank of Fulton Creek, on some two acres of ground, donated by Rev. J. C. Sidle, as a site for the church and burying ground for the dead. This church was erected in 1855, is still used by the society as their place of worship, is worth some $1,400, and is known as Bethlehem Church. A Sunday school is usually kept up in it. The present pastor of this church is Rev. Mr. Cramer. The Claibourne Church of this denomination is situated near the south- west corner of the townshij). It was built in 1880, under the pastoral labors of Rev. Mr. Elliott. It is a neat frame house, and has in it an energetic, en- terprising organization of worshipers. This chtu'ch is the outgrowth of what was known as the Stires' Society of pioneer days. Christian Church. — The Christian Church has an organization and a house of worship in the southeast corner of Claibourne Township, which is known on the records of the denomination as the Thompson Church. It was originally located in Thompson Township, in Delaware County, but its house of worship in that place being burned down some thirteen years ago, the congregation built their house on its present site. This house is worth $1,000, and has in it as worshipers about seventy communicants. Its present pastor is Rev, A. C. C arras. The Church of the Disciples was established in Richwood during the first years of the existence of the town; but so far as I can find there are no records of its early history preserved. My personal acquaintance with its doings be- gan in the latter months of 1836; and between this date, and 1840, the follow- ing-named persons were known as members of this church: Rev. Isaac Cade and Mrs. Cade, Charles Cade, Aaron Beem, Mrs. Beem, Benjamin Beem, B. Bridge, Mrs. Bridge, T. Warner Bridge, Charles Morse, Elvira Morse, Ira Morse, Mrs. Morse, Isaac Headly, Nancy Headly, Eveline Headly, Angeline Headly, Henry Swartz, Nancy Swartz, R. Elder Swartz. John P. Graham, Eliza Gra- ham, PeterJ Grace, Nancy Grace, Mrs. John Dilsaver. These twenty-seven 31 582 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. persons, to whom not long afterward were added Jacob Reed and Mrs. Reed, Joseph Cameron and Mrs. Cameron and Jesse Reed, cjonstituted the pioneer church of this denomination. Rev. Isaac Cade was their recognized minister for many years. I think he received no stated salary. He was a man of good character, honest and upright. He was a man of not much learning, but read his Bible carefully, and was ready in quoting its contents. There were other ministers who often assisted IVIr. Cade in the services of the church, but they were mostly traveling evangelists, whose names I cannot now recall. The meetings of this church for a number of years were held mostly ia the little log schoolhouse which stood neai' the northeast corner of the town. As near as I can now as- certain, the lirst house of worship erected by this denomination in Richwood was built about ISoO or 1852. It was a small frame building worth aboxit $800, and is still occupied as their place of worship. They have, however, recently piu-chased a very eligible lot on which they contemplate erecting in the near futui'e, a commodious house to be dedicated to the worship of God. The number of commimicants in this church is now about eighty. Their present pastor's name is W. L. Neal. The officers of this church are: Elders— George W. Taylor, Thomas Prosser: Deacons — W. H. Moses, E. Collier; Trustees — L. H. Stephenson, I. H. Graham. W. H. Moses; Clerk— W. H. Moses. This church has a living, working Sunday school, which meets each Lord's Day at 9:30 o'clock, A. M. Number in attendance average about fifty. The ladies of this church ai-e organized into a " Society of Chi'istiau Workers," whose object is to look after and help the poor, and to raise funds to pay for furnishing of the new chui'ch when it shall be ready to receive its furnitiu-e. They meet weekly. The officere are: President — Mrs. M. B. Col- lier; Vice President — Mi-s. T. E. McGee; Treasurer - Mrs. M. M. Marriot. Presbyterian Church. — As a proper introduction to the following history of the Presbyterian Church it should be recorded that the second minister who preached in Richwood was Rev. Mr. Perigreen, a \yelsh Presbyterian, from Delaware County. He commenced visiting the place soon after the town began to be settled, and preached for a time, but did not organize a church. After him, in 1837 to 1840, a Rev. Mr. Smith, pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Man'sville, preached occasionally m Richwood; also Rev. Mr. Galbraith, who was then preaching at Milford, this county. But no organiza- tion was attempted till the one accounted for below Freshyterian Church of Richwood organized June 20, 1874, by Rev. H. Shedd, assisted by visiting ministers. Rev. W. G. Marck and Rev. D. D. "Waugh, and Elder A. McNeal. of York Chiu'ch. The members that went into the first organization were: John Landen. James Landen, Rebecca Landen, Elizabeth Long, Milton M. Shipley, Ann Shipley, Mary Jane Best, Essay Ann Best, Rachel E. Rowe, Ransler Parsons, Samuel M. Landen, Mary E. Landen, Abbica Landen, W. L. Cuny, M. J. Curry. J. Dennons. The following-named persons were elected to till the offices of the church, viz. : Elders — M. M. Shiple and John Landen; Trustees — W. L. Cm'ry. John Landen. and Ransler Parsuns; Secretary — W. L. Curry; Treasiirer — James Landen. The following ministers have served the church since its organization — Rev. H. Shedd, Rev. Charles S. Wood, Rev. C. W. Torrey, Rev. R. C. Col- mery, Rev. John JNIcDowell. For the first six years of its organization this chiu-ch worshiped in Burg- ner's Hall. From that time to the present, a period of three years, in Cants' Hall. During these years there were received into the church as communi- cants, seventy-seven. There have been dismissed from the church by remov- CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 583 als, deaths, etc., twenty-two, leaving the present number of communicants, fifty- five. Soon after the organization of the church, this congregation organized a Sabbath school, which has been reglarly maintained ever since. It now num- bers — oflEicers and teachers, twelve; scholars, seventy- five. The school is now, and has been from the first, a great source of spiritual strength to the church. There has been no marked periods of revival in the history of this church, but its growth has been gradual and constant — the result of patient and con- tinuous effort. Financially, the church is now out of debt, and, spiritually, it is in the most hopeful condition. CEMETERIES. The earliest place of interment within the township was the one now most extensively used — at the Sidle Methodist Protestant Church, two miles south of Richwood. It is on the land which formerly belonged to Henry Swar^z, and burials were commenced while the place was yet in the midst of a deep wilderness. Henry Swartz buried two small children here, and the de- ceased of his neighbors' families found their " eternal resting place" in the same secluded spot. The biu-ials of Mr. Gamer, John Logue, Mrs. Ira Ben- nett and Mrs. Rose were among the first. When Jacob C. Sidle became the proprietor of this farm, he donated an acre for a cemetery. Afterward it came within the charge of the Township Tznistees, and they made additions to its limits. The grounds are located on rising land, and now receive the remains of " the departed " from Richwood and the surrounding country. The old graveyard, in Richwood, is no longer used for burial purposes. At the Lenox Schoolhouse, one and a fourth miles northwest of Richwood, William Hamilton donated a lot for a cemetery, which is still used to some extent. Another small graveyard, now abandoned, was situated on the Graham farm, just northwest of Richwood. At Stony Point, in the western part of the township, is a graveyard, where the dead of that vicinity are interred. CLAIBOURNE. Claibourne is the newest village in the county, and, though yet in its in- fancy, bids fair to surpass, in size and prosperity, some of the earlier settled villages. It is situated in the extreme southwestern part of Claibourne Town- ship, on the New York, Pennsylvania & Ohio Railroad. The plat was sur- veyed March 14, 1881, by Frederick J. Sager, and contains ten and three-' fourths acres, divided into thirty-nine lots. William Jolliflf, Jr, was the pro- prietor. He made an addition of five lots, March 4, 1882. G. M. Warner was the first resident of the place who anticipated the location of a village. He was appointed Postmaster in August, 1879, a position which he yet retains, and in September of the same year opened a stock of general merchandise in a building which he had just erected. Through his exertions and representa- tions, the railroad company laid a side-track, and during the winter of 1880- 81 built and opened a station. The first dwellings were erected in 1881. About fifteen families compose the population. One physician. Dr. T. F. Wurtsbaugh, is in practice here. The village contains a saw mill, owned by Bell & Shearer, a shoe shop, a blacksmith shop, one hotel, a millinery store and two general stores. A neat brick school building has just been erected, and a Methodist Protestant Church is close by. The village is six miles dis- tant from Richwood. 584 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. RICHWOOD. Richwood, the second town in size and importance in Union County, is located in the central part of Claibourne Township. It is a wide-awake, busi- ness place, with an enterprising, public-spirited class of citizens, and for many years has competed successfully in trade with larger towns in surrounding counties. Its streets are broad and regularly laid out. Substantial and spacious business blocks are being constantly added to the number already erect- ed, and the indications of a prosperous, active town are everywhere manifest. It has just completed its first half -century of existence. For thirty years its crowth was slow; during the last two decades, it has been more rapid. Its success is due, principally, to the building of the railroad through the place. A tine agricultural region surrounds the town, and the facilities for commerce, which the railroad afforded, made it at once the center of a large and widely- extended trade. The population in 1840 was 99; in 1870, mainly through the growth of the last few years, it had reached 436; in 1880, it was 1,317, a ratio of increase rarely attained. Philip Plummer was the proprietor of Richwood. He had come into possession of the William Polham Survey, No. 6,307, of 1,200 acres, or the greater part of it, and in the summer of 1832 visited it, from Mount Vernon, Ohio, with his brother, Thomas Plummer, Elisha Merriot and Dr. John P. Brookins, a physician in search of a good location for practice. They traveled in a large two-hoi'se wagon, and stopped on the way overnight at Daniel Swartz's house on the Scioto River. The village was suiweyed and platted in the midst of a dense wilderness, August 8, 9 and 10, 1832, by Thomas G. Plum- mer, Special Deputy Surveyor, under the direction of the County Smweyor, Levi Phelps; and the plat was acknowledged before Ira Wood, Justice of the Peace, August 20, 1832. They all returned to Mount Vernon, and soon after Philip Plummer and Dr. Brookins returned to Richwood. The original plat contains a full description of the location; stating that it IS situated in a tract of land known as " Richwoods," about four miles west of the Scioto River, at the head -waters of Ottaway Run, on a broad and beau- tiful knob of table-land, unsurpassed in fertility. The distances from many towns and cities are minutely given, and it is said that " the signs, by timber, of the fertility of the soil in the Richwoods are beech, blue ash, gray ash, black ash, hackberry or hoop ash, mulberry, wild cherry, black walnut, white walnut, white oak, red oak, buckeye, honey locust, lyden tree, coffee tree, a species of mahogany, hickory, red elm, white elm, sugar or hard maple, soft maple, box elder and dogwood, with a copse wood of spice brush and prickly ash, bui-ning bush, grape vine, bladder bush and bramble. The herbage is principally maidenhair, pea vine, yellow root, ginseng, Indian and madder, etc. The soil is of the richest loam, mixed in a small proportion of sand; the sub- stratum is limestone and gravel, mixed with clay. The town plat is at an ele- vation of from fifteen to twenty feet above the bottom." The plat covered an area of 44.788, acres, was 84 poles and 1 foot square, bearing north 17^ degrees west, or south 11^ degrees east, and north 72^ degrees east, or south 72^ degrees west. The principal street, north and south, was Franklin, 100 feet wide, with Fulton and Clinton streets, each five poles wide, parallel with it, the foi'mer west and the latter east of it. The three streets east and west were Blagrove, Ottaway and Bomford; Ottaway, one hundred feet wide, the other two five poles. There were four alleys run- ning each way, each one pole wide. The lots on Franklin and Ottaway streets, Nos. 1 to 112 inclusive, were each eight poles long and two wide; the lots on the other streets, Nos. 113 to 152 inclusive, were eight by four poles in CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 585 size. Besides these, there were sixteen outlets, each eight poles square, four at each corner of the plat. A reservation was made of tirober not exceeding one foot in diameter that stood fifteen feet in front of the line of lots on Franklin and Ottaway streets as shade trees, and all timber of the same size that stood twelve feet in front of the line of lots on Bomford, Blagrove, Fulton and Clinton streets. The following donations of lots for public purposes were made: Lots 13 and 69, on Franklin street, to the first and second fire companies that might be organized, to consist of fifty or more persons each, and own engine and hose, or buckets and ladders; Lot 44, to the town for a public libraiy, when it would appoint trustees and own 200 volumes of useful and miscellaneous pub- lications; Lot 100, to the town for a museum, as soon as a council of fifteen members would be legally organized and appoint a naturalist to take charge of it; Lots 117 and 118, to the Mayor and Town Council as soon as the town was chartered; Lots 137 and 138, for a market-place for the town and country peo- ple; Lots 122, 123, 142 and 143, for common schools; Outlot 5, for a place of worship for the people of town of all denominations together, to be man- aged and regulated and organized on the 4th of July and at Christmas by the whole people together; Outlot 14, a botanical garden, to the literary, scien- tific and medical men when they would form a society of one hundred or more members, the lots to be completely under the control of the Town Council, when properly organized, or a majority of the whole people, composing a num- ber of two hundred or more. By an act of the State Legislature, passed a number of years before Richwood was incorporated, the ownership of all these lots was restored to Philip Plummer and his heixs. In 1832, but three families settled in the new, forest-covered village; those of Philip Plummer, John P. Brookins and Absalom Carney. Philip Plummer was born in Maryland, and emigrated from that State to Mount Ver- non, Ohio. Some time after he came to Richwood, he became a Methodist minister, and preached for a number of years at Richwood and elsewhere. He afterward returned to Mount Vernon with his family, and there died. He was a man of moral principles and temperate habits, but did not possess that kind of nature to accumulate and retain property. His character is differently estimated by persons who knew him. Mr. "William Philips, one of the earliest pioneers of Richwood, thus speaks of him : " Mr. Plummer was a man of taste and refinement, and loved good society, so, while the better class of peo- ple appreciated him, there were those who disliked him. He was kind and obliging; ready to do anything in his power to help along new comers. He made it a point to go from one cabin to another to encourage them and recon- cile them k) the privation that must be endured by the pioneer. In this he seldom failed. He was an excellent talker. He was a thorough temperance man, and, selling lots, he would sell to none who would sell whisky, believing that it would injure the property of the town and community. In this most of the new settlers encouraged him, and consequently log-rollings, house-raisings and the like were done on temperance principles, and never distinguished by ruffianism. An orderly community grew up, and its good example and correct principles are felt to-day in the society of our village." Dr. John P. Brookins was one of the leading citizens of Richwood during its primitive days. He was born at Shippensburg, Penn., March 1, 1801, and emigrated to Ohio, settling first at Mount Vernon, and engaging in his profes- sion — medicine. He there became acquainted with Mr. Plummer, and decided to cast his lot with the little village to be founded on Mr. Plummer's land. He moved, with his wife, Margaret (iMeClay), and two children, Mary Jane and William C, and erected the first cabin on the village site. It stood on 586 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Lot 97, at the southwest corner of Franklin and Ottawa streets, where Mil- ler's store now is. The first sad event in the village was the accidental burn- ing of the Doctor's little daughter, Maiy Jane, a promising child, which occurred in August, 1833. While playing near a log-burning in the street, her clothes took lire, and she was so badly burned that death ensued the next day. la his family, also, occurred the first birth and the first marriage. The bride was Miss Jane Coffee, the Doctor's niece. Dr. Brookins was a very small, spare man, physically, but very jovial. He was a social, genial spirit, and possessed an uncommon fund of good humor. He always had a good story to tell, and usually kept a crowd in a roar of laughter. He was Justice of the Peace for many years, and also Postmastei*. He was the first physician in the township, and pursued the practice of his profession here successfully until 1847, when he removed to Eaton, Ohio, where he died January 20, 1878. His son, William, is now a resident of that village. Absalom Carney was a blacksmith, and built his shop on Lot 14^, east Bumford street. He did not remain many years, but removed West. It was reported that he and all his family, except one daughter, were killed by In- dians in Missouri. In September, 1833, William Phillips, with his wife Isabella (Woods), emigrated from Shippensburg, Penn., and settled on Lot 48, southeast corner of Franklin and Blagrove streets. He had a family of eight children — Will- iam J., who died in Pennsylvania; Jane Elizabeth, wife of Edwin Bruck; John A. ; Alfred G., killed at Atlanta July 22, 1863; Sarah W., wife of Har- vey S. Wood, of Marysville; Mary H, wife of Joseph Swartz (deceased); William Fletcher (deceased), and Isabel W., wife of Austin G. Converse, of CaiToll, Ohio. Mr. Phillips was highly esteemed as a citizen, and was identi- fied with all the movements to elevate and improve his fellow- men. He was a thorough temperance advocate. He died January 15, 1880, at Marysville, where he had removed two years previously. By trade and occupation, for many years, he was a potter. For about twenty-five years after he came to Rich- wood, he was engaged in the manufacture of pottery. The following items, taken from his account book, furnish the market value of a number of com- modities in those times : May 17, 1834, John Woods, Dr. to making vest I 50 May 17, 1834, James Scott, Dr. to one gun 12 00 May 17, 1884, James Scott, Dr. to 8f yards muslin 1 26 May 17, 1834, Thomas Cheney, Dr. to one wagon 45 00 June 18, 1834, Philip Plummer, to 15 bushels ashes at 6i 98f October 24, 1834, Philip Plummer, to making roundabout 62| November 14, 1834, Henry Swartz, Cr. by U gallons honey 75 November 17, 1834, John T. Evans. Dr. to one calf-skin 2 50 November 17, 1834. William Surpliss, Cr. by 4250 brick at $4.25. 18 06J December 5, 1834, John P. Brookins, Dr. to ware 41 April 15, 1835, David Hawk, Cr. by one pound coffee 18i April 20, 1835,'David Hawk, Cr. by one-fourth pound tea 22 June 22, 1835, William Lockhart, Cr. by four pounds butter 25 July 16, 1835, John Calloway, Dr. to two jugs 25 September 21, 1835, William Barkdull, Cr. by i pound tea 44 October 17, 1835, Morlimore Bentley, Dr. to four bushels potatoes. 1 00 December 23, 1835, Ira Bennett, Cr. by two turkeys 31i Februar.y 13, 1836, Nathan F. Woodruff, Cr. by one day's labor. . 50 February 13, 1836, Samuel D. Beall, Cr. by one day's labor 50 April 9, 1836, Joseph Murphy, Dr. to recording of ear mark 25 June 16, 1836, Joseph Wilson, Dr. to one palm hat 31i November 1, 1836, Jacob Delsaver, Cr. by 36 pounds buckwheat.. 90 November 12, 1836, Ira Bennett, Cr. by 4| pounds lard 48 November 12, 1836, Ira Bennett, Cr. by 6 pounds pork 37^ February 16, 1837, Christian Dowell, Dr. to two bushels corn. ... 75 November 5. 1837. John Darling, Dr. to one ax 2 00 January 4, 1838, Starret Irwin, Dr. to six lights of glass 25 CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 587 June 2, 1838, Philip Plummer, Dr. to one pair shoes. . . 44 June 2, 1838, Philip Plummer, Dr. to five pounds coffee 1 00 June 2, 1838, Philip Plummer, Dr. to 4 elementary spelling books 50 September 27, 1838, Abraham Decker, Cr. by twelve chickens. . . . 97^ John Woods, born December 9, 1799, emigrated from Shippensburg, Cumberland Co., Penn., to Kichwood, in July, 1833. He purchased 112 acres of land just north of the original plat, but now included within the corpora- tion. He was a tailor, and, in connection with clearing and cultivating his farm, he followed his trade. His wife was Sarah (Brookins), and a son, George Woods, now resides in Richwood. Mr. Woods died on the home place May 12, ^1874. William Sirpless settled in the village in 1833, coming from the Scioto River, in Delaware County. He built his cabin on Lot 119, just south of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He performed rough carpenter work while stay- ing here, which was only a few years. He then went West. John Wilson, a son of Nathaniel Wilson, in 1833 moved to Richwood, and resided on Outlots 9 or 10, opposite Canan's grist mill. He, too, came from the Scioto River, to Delaware County; was a laborer, and assisted in the erection of cabins. His first wife was Mary Dilsaver; his second, Elizabeth Atwood; his third, Mi's. Butts. He removed to Hancock County, and, when last heard from, he had buried his fourth wife. John Carney, the father of Absalom Carney, arrived at Richwood in 1833. He was quite old and feeble at the time, and did not survive many years. He was a Baptist minister, and occasionally held services in the village. The only other settler in Richwood in 1833, besides Messrs. Burdick and Calloway, was Mortimer Bentley. He was a carpenter, or cabinet-maker, and stayed only a few years. In 1834, there were a number of accessions, including Christian Goul, Nathan Richardson, Adam Burge, William Price, John T. Evans and Henry Sayer. Adam Burge was a " Thomsonian " or " steam " doctor, and practiced among the few believers of his school in this vicinity. His house and office was on Lot 105, Franklin street, where the residence of Dr. King now stands. The Doctor remained at Richwood only a short time, as his practice was not very remunerative. Nathan Richardson was a carpenter. He came from Champaign County, and about 1840 returned there. Christian Goul was a shoe-maker, from near Mechanicsburg, and his stay was also of brief duration. John T. Evans was also a manufacturer of boots and shoes. His bench was in Burdick & Calloway's store. He was unmarried, and a skillful workman, but the settlement was too sparse to furnish him with steady employment, and at the expiration of a year he sought a new tield of labor. Henry Sager was a brother-in-law to Absalom Carney; built a cabin on Franklin street, but before it was furnished with door, floor or window he took his departure for the West. • The village grew very slowly from this time. In 1840, it contained about eighteen or twenty families. The following were here in that year: David Houk, a wagon-maker, who came about 1835; Sterrett Irwin, a carpenter; Hugh Thompson, a farmer, who died soon after; L. H. Hastings; J. B. W. Haynes, who came, in 1840, from Virginia, was an earnest Abolitionist, a real- estate agent and a prominent citizen, and who died August 20, 1869, aged seventy-six years; Samuel Jenkins, a laborer; William Sirpless; William Price, who afterward operated a small grist mill here; Dr. Brookins; Ziba Brown, a local Disciple minister; William Phillips; John Woods; Enoch Fisher, a farmer, who had been in Indian service under Gen. Anthony Wayne, and who died in the village at the advanced age of one hundred and one years ; 588 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Rev. Brown, the Methodist Episcopal minister; Isaac Cade, a Disciple preacher, who afterward died here; Henry Swartz, and the Widow Barkdull. Her husband, William Barkdull, was a shoe-maker, and came to Richwood from Mount Vernon in 1835, but soon after returned and died there. His widow, Mrs. Priscilla (Fisher) Barkdull, then moved with her children again to Rich- wood. In 1840, there was but one frame house in the village. It was owned and occupied by Hugh Thompson. The other dwellings were the primitive log cabins. The first store was opened at Richwood in a little log building, which stood on Lot 102, now occupied by Ferrier's saddlery shop, by Burdick &■ Calloway, in August, 1833. Hezekiah Burdick was a local Methodist Episco- pal preacher, and had owned and cultivated a small farm three miles southeast from Marysville, on Mill Creek. John Calloway was born at the Scioto salt works, in what is now Jackson County, in 1802, where his father was engaged in making salt. A year or two later they removed to Yellow Springs, Greene County, where Mr. Calloway was proprietor of a tavern for two years. He then entered a half-section of land in that county, and, after occupying it for eight years, was defrauded of it by a process of legal chicanery He then removed to Clark County, and from that county young John went to Marys- ville to try his fortunes, and by industry became the owner of a small prop- erty near Marysville and two town lots. Messrs. Burdick & Calloway purchased a small stock of goods at Marys ville, owned by L. H. Hastings, and removed them to Richwood. The stocli: embraced a few staple groceries and dry goods, and the entire amount was con - veyed to Richwood in one load. As both the purchasers were inexperienced in merchandising, it was stipulated in the contract of sale that Mr. Hasting- should remain with them several weeks, till Mr. Calloway could become accus tomed to his position behind the counter. This store remained in operatioiv about two years. Mr. Calloway withdrew, and soon after Mr. Burdick closed. . out his entire stock. Financially, the first store was not a brilliant success. Mr. Burdick soon removed to other parts, but " Major " John Calloway, as he is universally known, took unto himself a wife, Clark}^ R. Tonguet, in 1835, and settled down to rural life near Richwood. He has resided on his little place ever since, and is now a hale and hearty old gentleman of past eighty years. The next mercantile venture was made by Cyprian Lee and Mains Wasson. Foreseeing the retirement of the first business house, they purchased a stock of goods and brought them to Richwood in 1835. The management of the store was intrusted to L. H. Hastings. About a year later, they sold out to Henry Swartz and Dr. J. B. Brookins. A few weeks after this transfer, Ira Rey- nolds, a merchant at Homer, on Darby Plains, decided to open a branch store at Richwood, believing that a second store would prove remunerative. He secm'ed the services of Mr. L. H. Hastings, who soon after became a partner in the business, and afterward purchased Mr. Reynolds' interest and became sole proprietor. The store of Swartz & Brookins in time dropped out of exist- ence, and in 1840 Hastings' store was the only business house in Richwood. There has been no merchant so intimately associated with the business interests of Richwood as has Levin H. Hastings. For almost forty years, he had been an active and leading business man in the village, and was its first successful merchant. He was born in Maryland September 1, 1806, and, re- moving to Laurel, Del., became a clerk in a store there. Possessed with a desire to see the West, he came to Ohio, remained a short time in a store at Columbus, and then attended school at Delaware, Ohio, for a term or two. Returning to Laurel, Del., he taught the winter school and clerked again for CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 591 a short time, then purchased a stock of goods at Baltimore, and brought them to Marysville in the spring of 1833. In the fall of the same year, he sold to Burdick & Calloway, and after spending a few weeks in Richwood returned to Delaware. While visiting Richwood in 1832, he had purchased 500 acres of land, located just east of the village, from Silas C. Strong. He married Mary Carroll, of Delaware, March 24, 1834, and again came to Ohio and settled at Richwood. Several years later, he purchased an interest in Rey- nolds' store, and from that time until 1874 remained in active business life in Richwood, except two short intervals, which he spent in Illinois and at Marion, Ohio. In 1874, he retired from business. He died at Richwood, July 30, 1882; and thus closed a life of usefulness and activity. His widow still resides at Richwood. Merchandising in early times was attended with difficulties that are un- known in the present day. Money was scarce, and the store was oftener the scene of a barte r or exchange than of a sale. The merchant had, occasionally, as great difficulty in disposing of the products taken in exchange for his goods as in the original sale of the goods. Eggs were usually quoted at 3 cents per dozen, and there was no demand for them. Nearly every family kept a cow, and butter was a drug in the home market. These products were, however, accepted in exchange for goods usually, and disposed of to traveling agents, who sold them in Cincinnati or Columbus. In the absence of money, credit be- came almost a necessity, and by the shifting about of many early settlers from one settlement to another, many accounts were lost. Coon skins, deer skins, home-made sugar, pork, honey and saddles of venison were the most current articles of exchange. Venison was sold at from 50 cents to 75 cents a saddle, consisting of the two hams, and was packed and taken to Columbus. By the fluctuation in the value of these articles, the merchants often suffered losses. INCOKPORATION AND OFFICERS. Richwood was incorporated as a village by the County Commissioners — William Purter, William F. Fulton and Nelson Cone — March 6, 1855, by rea- son of a petition from forty-one citizens of Richwood, who named B. F. Mc- Millan, J, B. W. Haynes and H. O. S. Heistand to act as their agents in the premises. This action was taken by the citizens of Richwood, it is said, in anticipation of the immediate building of the projected Atlantic & Great West- ern Railroad, by which it was expected the village would be greatly improved. Charles W Rosette was elected Mayor in 1855, and re-elected in 1856 and in 1857. The railroad was not built as expected, and for some reason the people allowed the incorporation to lapse, or remain dormant. For a few years, no borough officers were elected, nor was there any village government. James B. W. Haynes was the next Mayor, elected in 1864, and re-elected. He was succeeded by J. W^ Jones, who was elected in 1868. The Clerks' record be- gins with the year 1868, and since then the following have been the officers of the village: 1868 — J. W. Jones, Mayor; D. F. Parsons, Recorder; G. W. Canan, A. Spratt, V. F. Collier, P. Overshiver and P. T. Lightner, Council. 1870 — Mayor, T. P. Cratty; Recorder, T. P. Owens; Council, two years. V. F. Collier, afterward resigned, P. Overshiver, resigned, and N. P. West- heimer, one year, D. F. Parsons, G. W. Holland and O. Curry; Treasurer, G. W. Canan: Marshal, F. A. Graham. 1871— Council, O. Curry, T. Loveless and T. H. Moore, W. H. Conkright and E. Y. King appointed to fill vacancies; Clerk, T. P. Cowan, resigned and L. J. Blake appointed. 592 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. [, 1872— Mayor W. W. Kile;'Clerk, L. J. Blake, resigned and P. H. Bauer elected; Treasurer, G. W, Canan; Marshal, G. B. Tucker, resigned; Street Commissioner, E. W. Tanner; Council. D. W. Godman, E. Y. King and G. W. Holland. April 17, 1872, W. W. Kile resigned and J. L. Blake was ap- pointed INIayor. July 10, 1872, Hylas Sabine was elected Mayor, vice L. J. Blake, removed. 1873 — Mayor, H. Sabine; Council, A, .7. Blake, A. L. Smith, and Thomas H. Moore; Clerk, L. Sabine; Marshal, W. E. Tanner. 1874— Mayor, L. A. Hedges; Council, F. H. Thornhill, P. T. Lightner and J. J Goldsmith; Clerk, William H. Reeves; Treasurer, A. Z. Converse, Street Commissioner, J. P. Brookins; Marshal, George K. Stewart. 1875 — Council, James Cutler, O. Curry and Edward Tanner; Marshal, J. J. Woodruff. 1876 — Mayor, J. P. Slemmons; Council, Frank Merriott, Jason Case and Alexander Smart; Treasurer, J. H. Vaughan; Clerk, W. H. Reeves; Marshal, J. J. Woodruff; Street Commissioner, S. D. Evans. 1877 — Council, George Woods, S. M. Blake and John Rosette; Clerk, William B. Jones; Street Commissioner, James Hughes. 1878 — Mayor, J. S. Gill; Council, James Eddleman, G. W. Canan, re- signed and S. Carter elected, and G. R. Gum; Clerk, H. M. Wright; Treas- urer, James H. Vaughan; Marshal, G. B. Tucker. 1879— Council, T. H. Moore, C. W. Hoffman and G. H. Woods, resigned October, 1879, Robert Ferrier elected Councilman, vice Carter resigned, A. Ferris also elected to till vacancy. 1880— Mayor, H. M. Wright; Clerk, A. J. Thomas; Council, O. Holmes, L. C. Beem, F. W. Merriott and M. W. Hill. 1881— Council. E. Y. King, Jason Case and Thomas Moore. 1882— Mayor, H, M. Wright; Clerk, A. J. Thomas; Council, J. L. Horn, William Burgner and Henry Long; Treasurer, Robert Smith; Marshal, John Ogan. ADDITIONS. The following are the additions that have been made to the original plat of Richwood. T. B. Smith, July 31, 1857, made an addition of eight lots, and had the plat recorded, but the addition must have been forgotten; for subsequent additions were made of the same land. The lots of the first and now forgotten addition were not numbered, but all others continue in order with the numbering of the original plat. Joshua S. Gill's First Addition was surveyed May 27, 1864, by A. S. Mowiy. It consisted of 14 lots, Nos. 153 to 166 inclusive. Hugh S. F. Hogan's Addition of 21 lots, 167 to 188, was surveyed January 14 and 15, 1804, and corrected June 2, 1865, by B. A. Fay. John A. Cook's Addition of 8 lots, 188 to 195, was surveyed May 3, 1866, by John Sidle. John Wood' a Addition. 14 lots, 196 to 209, was surveyed November 2, 1865, by E. Dix. The addition of H. H. & E. F. Poppleton, executors of Samuel Poppleton, deceased, 13 lots, 210 to 222, was surveyed July 20 and 21, 1865, by A. S. Mowry. O. P. Stephen's Addition, 11 lots, 223 to 233, was made in July, 1869. Henry J. Merriott's Addition, 61 lots, 234 to 294, was surveyed October 1, 1871, by Hylas Sabine. Proprietors of subsequent addi- tions, with dates of survey are C. Landen, 6 lots, 295-300, November 15, 1871; Edward Norris, 21 lots, 301-321, February 14, 1872; J. S. Gill, second addition, 175 lots, 322-342 and 393-546, and M. W. Hill, 37 lots, 547-583, a joint-survey, November 4, 5 and 6, 1872, and January 8, 9 and 10, 1873; William G. Beaty, 50 lots, 343-392, November, 1872; W. G. Courts, 11 lots, 584-594, April 1, 1873; H. Sabine, fii-st addition, 14 lots, 595-608, not re- corded; School lot subdivision, 8 lots, 609-616, recorded March 10, 1878; Alex- CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 593 ander Gandy and Joel D. Graham, 10 lots, 617-626, February 15, 1874; Orin Beam. 80 lots, 627-689 and 744-760, August 15, 1873; Henry T. Marriott, second addition, 38 lots, 690-727, July 10, 1875; Edward Norris, second ad- dition, 16 lots, 728-743. November, 1873; John A. Cook, second addition, 16 lots, 761-776. June 1, 1874; W. H. Marriott, 14 lots, 777-790, August 10, 1874. The limits of the corporation were extended May 23, 1867, and again No- vember 18, 1875, by order of the County Commissioners, in accordance with a petition from the Village Council^ presented September 6 previous. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The corporation owns an engine house, which was built in 1875, at a cost of about $1,300, and has a fire department, complete in all its appointments. A destructive tire occurred on Friday evening, April 9, 1875, on the east side of Franklin street, between Blagrove and Ottaway streets. It was discovered in a barn at the rear of Westheimer's dry goods and grocery store, and soon the frame hardware store of Godman, Thornhill & Co., across the alley, took fire; a barn farther to the east, at the rear of the Methodist Protestant Church, caught, and communicated the flames to the church, which was destroyed. Tele- grams for help were sent to Urbana and Marion, and the latter responded by sending a hand engine; but before it arrived the flames were extinguished. Nine buildings were destroyed in all, and the loss amounted to considerably more than $25,000. Although the Council had previously taken action looking to the establishment of a fire department, this destructive conflagration caused them to push it to completion with greater vigor than before. A hook and ladder company, composed of thirty members, was organized in May, 1875, with Col. W. L. Curry as Captain. The Council had previously purchased a few hooks and ladders, and had ordered a wagon made. A steam engine was ordered directly after the fire had occurred, from Silsby & Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y., and was received June 11, 1875. It, with the hose cart and 800 feet of hose, cost $5,250. A hose company and engine company were organized in June, 1875, and J. S. Gill was elected Engineer; he still fills this position. The fire department was a volunteer organization until 1881, when the Coun- cil organized three departments. The hook and ladder company consists of nine members, with N. W. Spratt, Foreman. The hose company contains nine men, and has V. F. Collier for its Foreman. W. S. Bowers is Foreman of the engine company, which has seven members. The members of the de- partment are now paid for all services rendered, either during fires or while on drill, and a more efficient force in a village of 1,500 people it would be difficult to find. Scattered over the village are eight cluster wells, each with from fourteen to twenty branches, driven into the ground twenty-one or twenty- two feet. The branches center in a five inch hydrant, and the water supply from them is regarded as inexhaustible. The wells costs about $350 each. W. W. Kile was the first Chief of the department. He served two years, and was succeeded, for one year, by O. Curry. George B. Tucker was then elected Chief by the company about four years ago, and when the department was re-organized by the Council he was appointed to this position, and still holds it. POSTMASTERS. Dr. J. P. Brookins was the first Postmaster, and he retained the office until his departure fi'om Richwood, in 1847. In his day, the mails were very irregular and scant, but it is said he would never permit the mail bags to leave without something in them. If there was no mail to send, he himself would 594 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. hastily write a communication to some friend, and inclose it in the empty sack William Ferguson succeeded him, and held the position for quite a number of years. George Roberts then became Postmaster, and at the expira- tion of his service the office recurred to the possession of William Ferguson. The subsequent dispensers of mail, to the present time, have been successively A. J. Blake, Sarah Moore, Jane Moore, Mrs. Mary Boggs, William W. Kile and E. S. Hubbard. The present incumbent entered upon his duties May 1. 1876. MILITIA. Company G, Fourteenth Regiment Ohio National Guard, " Gibson Guards," was organized at Richwood July 17, 1877, with forty-three men. Its first commissioned officers were John P. felemmons, Captain; James Hughes, First Lieutenant; George B. Tucker, Second Lieutenant. In the fall of 1878, Lieut. Hughes resigned; Mr. Tucker was promoted to the vacancy, and John G. Ropp elected Second Lieutenant. Capt. Slemmons resigned in the spring of 1880, and Lieut. Tucker was elected Captain and A. H. Miller First Lieutenant. Lieut. Ropp died in February, 1882, and John Ogan was elected to the vacancy thus occasioned. The company was re-organized July 17, 1882, and retains the officers as above given. The following is its roster of non-commissioned officers. Sergeants, M. V. Watson. John Cun- ningham, J. C. Irwin, W. S. Smith and W^ilbert Ferguson; Corporals, Larkin Tonguet, O. H. Vorhees, Noah Swartz, M. K. Baker, William McGee, F. S. McMahan and Willis Young. The company now numbers sixty-seven mem- bers. At the State Tournament of the Militia, held at Columbus in July, 1880, the team prize for target shooting was won by Company G. It is a heavy, handsome gold badge, still in the possession of the company. AIro, four of the eight individual prizes were gained by the Richwood team. SOCIETIES. Mount Carmel Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 303, was chartered October 21, 1858, and organized November 9 following, by John Barber, under proxy from the Grand Master. Members of the fraternity from Marysville assisted in the organization. The Marysville Band was also in attendance. The following were elected the first officers of the lodge: John Sidle, W. M. ; J. C. Sidle. S. W. ; J. Beardsley, J. W. ; L. Barber, S. D. ; Mr. Radebaugh, J. D. ; John Wood, Treasurer; J. S. Gill, Secretary. G. Myers, Leet Bonham, John Wir- rick, J. B. W. Haines and J. M. Longfellow were also charter members. The lodge was organized in the log house of Dr. J. N. Ross, opposite the Beeni House. Meetings were held there for awhile, then at the southeast corner of Franklin and Blagrove streets, and afterward in tho block at the southeast corner of Franklin and Ottaway streets. In 1873, the third floor of the Courts Hall became the hall of the lodge, and meetings are now held there every Tues- day night, on or before the full moon. The present officers are A. J. Blake, W. M. ; C. D. Sidle, S. W. ; C. O. Bishop, J. W. ; J. L. Jolliff, S. D. ; Robert Smith, J. D. ; G. H. Woods, Secretary; P. H. Bower, Treasurer; J. W. Mc- Cracken, Tiler; P. J. C. Irwin and W. H. Richards, Stewards. Richwood Lodge, No. 443, I. O. O. F. , was granted a dispensation May 10, 1870, and instituted June 11, 1870. The charter members were Andrew Spratt, Bvron Andrews, R. C. Bigelow, Solomon W' alker, W. H. Robertson, Richard Biddle, Robert Ferrier, Henry Biddle, G. W. Canan, N. P. West- heimer, William Drumm, Morgan Young and two others. The first Noble Grand was Morgan Young; the first Vice Grand, Andrew Spratt. The present officers are G. W. Holland, N. G.; Dr. W. B. Duke, V. G.; Henry Hazen, Sec; W. J. Slemmons, Per. Sec.; R. Ferrier, Treasurer. Two of the charter CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 595 members are deceased, Richard and Harry Biddle. The lodge is in a flourish- ing condition, and meets every Satui'day evening. It was organized in the Westheimer Block, w^hich burned in 1875. Several years before that, however, they built the third floor of the John A. Woods building, on west Franklin street, at a cost of $2,250, and have since had a commodious and neatly fur- nished hall. The present membership is about one hundred and ten. Richwood Encampment, No. 185, I. O. O. F., was granted a warrant May 5, 1875, and duly instituted June 8, 1875, by W. B. Kennedy. The charter membership was composed of Charles E. Canan, William H. Reeves, Stephen D. Evans, John E. Rosette, Nathan P. Westheimer, Byron F. Andrews and John M. Guthrie. The regular evenings for meetings are the first and third Mondays of each month. The membership at present numbers fifty-five, and the official list is as follows: M. M. Mather, C. P. ; W. S. Bowers, J. W. ; A. M. Tricky, S. W.; Simpson Price, H. P.; W. G. Vaughan, Scribe; Philip Bender, Treasurer. The first officers were C. E. Canan, C P.; H. D. Evans, H. P. ; W. H. Reeves, S. W. ; J. E. Rosette, J. W. ; N. P. Westheimer, Scribe; B. F. Andi-ews, Treasurer. Delpha Lodge, No. 99, Daughters of Rebekah, was instituted August 10, 1874. The original members were Will H. Reeves, John Drum, J. H. Ran- dall, E. Y. King, W. H. Conkright, L. A. Hedges, N. E. Paterick, Mrs. E. A. Reeves, Mrs. J. Drum, Mrs. Maud Randall, Mrs. E. Y. King, Mrs. W. H. Conkright, Mrs. L. A. Hedges, Mrs N. E. Paterick, Mrs. Solomon Walker, Mrs. A. Spratt, Mrs. Charles Canan, Mrs. Robert Ferrier, Mrs. A. Lower, Mrs, R. White, Mrs. L. Case, Mrs. N. P. Westheimer, Mrs. L. Fisher and others. The lodge was in a prosperous condition for a few years, and still retains its charter. Rising Sun Lodge, No. 71, Knights of Pythias, was granted a charter May 27, 1875, and instituted June 8 of the same year. The charter members were S. J. Finch, H. W. Finch, J. H. Randall, J. Critchfield, T. C. Owen, J. H. Vaughan, P. E. Barnes, Will H. Reeves, G. R. Gum and J. J. Woodruff. The membership has increased from ten to seventy-eight, and the lodge is now officered by J. C. Irwin, P. C; C. E. Hill, C. C; Jerry Bigelow, V. C; W. S. Smith, Prelate; J. W. Scott, M. at A.; J. E. Robinson, K. of R. and S.; John Lake, M. of Ex. ; J. C. Lough, M. of F. ; N. W. Spratt, I. G. ; M. K. Baker, O. G. Meetings are held every Wednesday evening. For two years the Odd Fellows Hall was the place of meeting, and the lodge then rented a hall on the second floor of W. S. Bowers' building, and occupied it until the fall of 1882. Diu'ing the summer of 1882, it erected the third story of the Cooper Building, corner of Franklin and Blagrove sti'eets, at an expense of $1,600, aud now has a handsome and nicely furnished hall. But one death has occurred in the lodge since its formation — that of George D. Winchell. The lodge has a drill corps of seventeen uniforms, and in the near future it is believed a Division will be formed here. Union Lodge, No. 5, of the Prudential Order of America, was organized July 25, 1882, with twenty- four members. Its first and present officers are John Brookins, P. R. ; Charles Lyons, E. R. ; William Guthrie, V. R. ; Thomas P. Fadley, Prelate; Joseph Scott, Ins.; O. H. Gaines, Rec. Sec: James Moore, Fin. Sec; H. A. Thomas, Treas. ; Thomas Gill, I. W. ; Clifton Smith, O. S. ; David Willoughby, Conductor. The lodge meets every Monday night, and now has a membership of thirty six. It was organized at the K. of P. Hall, and now meets in the Bowers Hall. The order is a recent one, and in its nature is both a fraternal and a mutual insurance association. Its membership is Charles H. Jacobs, R. W. Connell, D. B. Willoughby, Clifton Smith, W. H. Richards, T. P. Fadely, Charles Lyons, W. A. Guthrie, L. J. 596 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Robertson, Albert Reynolds, Thomas J. Gill, William P. Smith, W. B. Duke. Louis C. Beem, J. P. Brookins, A. J. Thomas, Edgar M. Horn, George W. Metzger. L. B. Johnson, Osco H. Games, F. C. Smith, C. H. Smith, M. K. Baker, William A. Smith, Joseph W. Scott, John M. Horn, S. W. Van Win- kle, James N. Moore. Richwood Diyision, No. 74, Sons of Temperance, is the latest organization. It was instituted by A. M. Collins November 7, 1882, and began its existence with a membership of forty. Tuesday evening of each week is the time of meeting. Its officers are L. Myers, Worthy Patriarch; Mrs. E. J. Tucker, Worthy Associate; Miss Lettie Layton, Recording Scribe; Charles Bailey, As- sistant Recording Scribe; P. R. Ken', Financial Secretary; Mrs. S. V. R. Young, Treasurer; Rev. E. G. Brombaugh, Chaplain; O. H. Games, Conduc- tor; Miss Maggie Burgner, Assistant Conductor; Miss Ruth Wilcox, I. S. ; John McElfish, O. S. ; Miss E. Simpson, Past W. Patriarch; P. R. Kerr, Divis- ion Deputy; O, Beem, Thomas Livingston and M. Vestal, Trustees. PHYSICIANS. Dr. John P. Brookins was the first — and for many years the only — regular resident practitioner of Richwood. J. N. Ross was probably the next. He came, in 1840, from Zanesville, and remained in practice until his death in 1869. Benjamin F. McMillan located here in the summer of 1847, the date that Dr. Brookins' removal to Eaton. He came from Licking County, and maintained a successful practice until about 1867, when he removed to Mahaska County, Iowa, Dr. Atwood came about the same time, but remained for only a short period. H. O. S. Heistand removed to Richwood from Mans- field about 1852, and continued in practice until his death a few years later. Aaron Irwin read medicine iinder his instructions, and at his death acquired his practice. Dr. Irwin died in service. Dr. White located here at the close of his service in the late war, and practiced for several years. He then re moved to Pickaway County. Dr. Stephenson came from Westerville, about 1867, but soon after removed to Springfield. Dr. T. C. Owen settled at Rich- wood about 1865. He had been a Sui'geon in service. He practiced here until a few" years ago. Other physicians, who have been located at Richwood for only a short period, are Dr. I. N. Hamilton, Dr. Randall, Dr. Thomas Mather. Dr. Miller, Dr. Harris and Dr. Leach, a homceopathist. Dr. R. D. Connell was the first homceopathist to locate here. He came, about 1873, from Mans- field, but removed to Columbus in J 879, and is now engaged in practice in that city. The medical fraternitv at Richwood to-day consists of six members — Drs. E. Y. King, P. H. Bauer, W. B. Duke, R. W. Connell, B. I. Barbee and B. P. Hall. Dr. King is an allopathist, and located at Richwood in 1866, coming from Fredericktown. Dr. Bauer settled here in 1871. His partner, Dr. Hall, came in the spring of 1882. Dr. Duke is a practitioner of the eclectic school. He has been here since 1875. Dr. Connell, a homceopathist, located in March, 1877, and Dr. Barbee, of the same school, in August, 1880. ATTORNEYS. The bar of Richwood is not very strong, numerically speaking, though it has sufficient legal talent to attend successfully to the litigation that arises here. In olden times. Col. J. B. W. Haynes figured prominently as a pleader before local magistrates, and somewhat later Hylas Sabine and T. B. Cratty were often called upon to represent their neighbors and friends before the justices. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 59T Louis J. Blake was the first admitted attorney to locate at Richwood. He is a graduate of Litchfield Law School, and in 1871 opened an office at Rich- wood. Two years later, he removed East, and is now in practice at South Norwalk, Conn. P. R. Kerr came next, and is still practicing. S. S. Gard- ner, in 1877, located here, and is still in practice. The latest disciple of, Blackstone in Richwood is S. W. Van Winkle. He opened his office in the summer of 1882. SCHOOLS, Of the early schools of Richwood, only a few facts can be gleaned. The first ones were conducted on the customary subscription plan, and the children of those who could not afford this voluntary per capita tax were deprived of the benefits of the education, which, at best was very meager. The village has had fou.r schoolhouses; one log, two frame and the present handsome and durable brick building. The first school was taught about the year 1834, in an unoccuj^ied cabin, which stood on Lot 8, southeast corner of Franklin and Bomford streets, afterward the residence of L. H. Hastings. William Phillips had the honor of teaching this primitive school. About 1835, the citizens of the village raised a log schoolhouse on Lot 142, Blagrove street, where now stands the residence of C. Hufiman. It was rudely furnished, without any of the modern appliances now deemed necessary, and was occupied as a schoolhouse un- til about 1840, when it became too small and too dilapidated to be any longer suited for the purpose. Richwood did not furnish many of the early teachex's. They were usually young men and women from Marysville and other surround- ing towns. Mary Waters, from near Prospect, Delaware County, taught two terms here between 1836 and 1839. Other teachers who held sway in this log schoolhouse were Horatio Hickok, Miss Clarissa Price, the daughter of Will- iam Price, Miss Henrietta Skinner, of Marysville, and Miss Matilda Munson, of Norton. The latter taught here during the summer of 1838. John W. Ham- ilton was the teacher during the winter of 1838-39, and Miss Henrietta Skin- ner during the following summer. Cornelius Hamilton taught the winter term of 1839-40. This was probably the last school held in this building. Another schoolhouse was not erected immediately, but for a few years in- struction was given in the churches of the village. Col. J. B. W. Haynes taught during the winter of 1840-41, in the old Methodist Protestant Church, which stood on Franklin street. The next winter James Dara taught in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Succeeding teachers of winter schools in these churches were James C. Dobey, John P. Graham, C. S. Hamilton, who re- signed on account of sickness and was succeeded by Lucy Johnson, of Marys- ville, Jacob Spaflbrd and John Barber. Miss Johnson was an accomplished and thorough teacher. Under her control, a marked improvement was made in the efficiency of the schools. Her successor, Mr. Spafford, was an energetic and skillful instructor, as was also Mr. Barber, and under their management the Richwood School lost none of the prestige it had gained under their pre- decessor. William H. Ferguson then taught for two winters, in a building which occupied the site of Blake's drug store. Lot 4". H. C. Hamilton, dur- ing the winter of 1849-50, taught in the Methodist Protestant Chm'ch. The attendance was so great that the services of an assistant teacher, Miss Jane Thompson, became necessary. The subject of a new schoolhouse was then agitated, and, about 1850, a small frame building, containing but one room, was erected on Lot 113, Ful- ton street. Its limits soon became too contracted to accommodate all the youth of the village, and the adjoining Methodist Episcopal Church was called into requisition, to afford room for an overflow department. These buildings were in use until 1860. During this period of about ten years, the following 598 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. teachers were employed: Julia Brown, of Marysville, William Ferguson, Thomas Barkdull, now a Methodist Episcopal minister of Toledo, Ohio, Israel Kinney, Jamen Eurts, J. S. Gill and John Swartz. In 1860 or 1861, a large frame, containing three apartments, two on the first and one on the second floor, was erected on the large lot on South Frank- lin street, which has since become the School Subdivision of lots. Jacob Lowe, Mrs. Jacob Lowe and Miss Anna Irwin were the first corps of teachers in this school building. Clinton Case. Cadwallader Walker, Jacob Lowe and Miss Maggie Fisher were subsequent Principals in this schoolhouse. It re- mained in use until the erection of the present schoolhouse in 1875-76. Until 1867, the schools of Richwood constituted a township school dis- trict. In May of that year, several citizens, wishing the village to withdraw from the township as a school district, gave notice as follows: NOTICE. The qualified electors of Subdistrict No. 3, of Claibourne Township, Union CountJ^ Ohio, are requested to meet at the post office of Richwood, Ohio, at 2 o'clock, P. M., on Wednesday, June 12, 1867, and there to vote by ballot for or against a separation of said subdistrict from the township, into an Independent District under the law of February 26, 1849, and the law amendatory thereto. (Signed) A. J. Blake, J. S. Gill , J. J. Thompson, T. C. 0\\tens, J. D. Graham, J. W. Jones. In accordance with this notice, an election was held at the specified time, which resulted in a separation from the township. At a special election for members of the new Board, the following were chosen: A. J. Blake and J. S. Gill for three years; J. D. Graham and T. C. Owen for two years; and G. W. Courts and J. J. Thompson for one year. The Board was organized with A. J. Blake, President; J. S. Gill, Treasurer; and T. C. Owen, Secretary. The first Board of School Examiners in the new district consisted of W. H. Ferguson, H. Sabine and Prof. William Lowe. The first teachers elected under the new system were Prof. William Lowe, Principal; Miss Martha Graham, Teacher of the Primary Department; Miss Sarah Moore, Teacher of the Intermediate Dep.irtment, One of the first acts of the new board was to build an addition to the schoolhouse, a one- story room on the east end of the old building. The parti- tion between the two lower rooms of the old schoolhouse was removed, and the number of departments remained the same as before — three. The following is the result of subsequent elections for members of School Board: 1868, J. W. Jones and J. J. Thompson for thi-ee years; 1869, G. W. Canan and T. C. Owen; 1870, T. P. Cratty and A. J. Blake; 1871, Thomas H. Moore and J. A. Cook; 1872, A. L. Smith and G. W. Canan; 1873, G. B. Hamilton and S. V. R. Young. In 1874 there was no election. Previous elections had been held in the month of June, but by the law the time of elec- tion was now changed to April. In ^lay 1874, T. H. Moore and A. L. Smith resigned as members; W. L. Curry and W. H. Ferguson were appointed to fill the vacancies until the following April. In 1875, W. H. Ferguson and P. E. Barnes were chosen for three years, O. Beem for one year; 1876, G. W'. Canan and S. M. Blake, three years, O. Beem, one year; 1877, J. D. Graham and H. H. Pringle, three years, Dr. E. Y. King, one year, vice W. H. Fergu- son, resigned; 1878, C. W. Torrey and Dr. E. Y. King; 1879, A. J. Blake and J. P. Slemmons, three years, G. W. Holland, two years, vice C. W. Tor- rey, resigned: 1880, James Cutler and J. D. Graham; 1881, George Smith, T. J. Williams and J. E.Howe. The present Board is constituted as follows: J. D. Graham, President; W. H. Conkright, Secretary; George Smith, Treas- urer; James Cutler, T. J. Williams and J. E. Howe. y ^ CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 601 In 1868, William Lowe was re-elected Principal of the schools. In 1869, G, W. Buell was elected Principal, and re-elected the following year. In October, 1870, an additional rooro being needed, the basement of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church was secured, and a primary school established there, with Miss Etta Clark as teacher. In 1871, J. W. Sleppy was elected Princi- pal. He held the position two years. Id 1873, S. J. Flickinger was elected, but his eyes failed him and he resigned. O. J. Richards succeeded him, in November, 1878. He was re-elected in 1874. John Kelb was Principal in 1875-76. In 1873, another apartment became necessary to accommodate the increasing attendance, and a room on the second floor of D. F. Parson's build- ing was procm-ed, at a rental of $8 per month. At a meeting of the Board, January 6; 1875, a resolution was passed, to submit to the qualified voters of the district the question of authorizing the Board to issue bonds to the amount of $20,000, bearing seven per .cent interest per annum, payable semi-annually, and to levy a tax of $20,000 to meet the payment of the bonds for the erection of a new schoolhouse, the bonds to run ten years. February i, following, the election was held, and resulted — Yes, 134-, no, 49. Some disagreement was manifested in selecting a site for the proposed edifice; but Lots 141, 142 and 143 were finally purchased for $600. J. Mozier, of Toledo, architect, prepared plans and specifications, which were accepted; notice for proposals was issued, and the bid of Woodward & Son, to furnish all material and complete the building for $15,895 was accepted. The purchase of additional lots, grading and other expenses, aggregated the total cost of the building about $20,000. Its erection was commenced in 1875 aud completed in 1876. It is a large, handsome, brick edifice, containing eight departments; is surrounded by a broad, deep lawn, and presents, in a village the size of Richwood, marked evidence of enterprise and prosperity. The first school tex'm in the building began in the fall of 1876. R. M. Boggs was Superintendent; Mrs. Minnie M. Coi'ey, Teacher of the Grammar School; Mrs. R. E. Connell, Intermediate Teacher: Mrs. J. P. Brookins, First Primary Teacher, and Miss Dora Armstrong, Second Primary Teacher. In Octo- ber, 1876, Miss Anna Smedley was engaged as Assistant Teacher of the High School. At present there are eight departments — A. B, C and D Primary; A. B, C and D Grammar, A and B grades of the Grammar constituting one de- partment, and the High School. Mr. Boggs, at the expiration of three years, was succeeded by A. E. Glad- ding, who served as Superintendent two years. P. R. Mills, the present Superintendent, was elected in 1881, and re- elected the year following. The schools are in a high state of efficiency. The High School course extends through three years. The branches pursued are as follows: Junior Year — First Term, Algebra, Physiology and Latin; Second Term, Algebra, Physical Geography and Latin; Third term, the same. Middle Year — First Term, Geometry, Physics and Latin; Second Term, the same; Third Term, Geometry, Civil Government and Latin. Senior Year — First Term, Arithmetic, General History and Latin; Second 'l"'erm. Trigonometry, English Literature, Grammar and Latin; Third Term, Surveying, English Literature, Grammar and Latin. Rhetorical work is con- tinued monthly throughout the entire covu'se. Three classes have graduated from this course, as follows: 1880— Edwin S. Gill, Mary V. Finley, Frank Stubert, Julia Torrey. 1881— James S. H. Hoover. 1882 — J. S. Blake, Bessie Blake, Minnie Beem, Clara Bowers, Nellie Burgner, Mamie Godman, Fannie Godman, Jessie Graham, Will Graham, 602 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Clara Hamiltori, Charles King, Zora Fadely, Ida Lake. Littie Layton, O. E. Loveless, Willis loung. Much of the information contained in this sketch of the schools of Rich- wood was kindly prepared by Mr. A. J. Blake, to whom, for this and many other favoi's, our thanks are due. NEWSP.\PERS. The Blchicood Gazette was ushered into the world August 16, 1872, by J. H. Vaughan and AV. H. Nicholson, with J. H. Yaughan as editor. November 13, 1878, Mr. Yaughan became sole publisher, and remained alone in chai'ge of the paper until October 20, 1879, when it was purchased and edited by Robert Smith and W. Ferguson. Just two years later, Mr. Smith purchased the interest of his partner, and exactly one year afterwai'd, or October 20, 1882, he disposed of a half-interest to George W. AYorden. During the Urst year. Friday was the day of publication. It was then changed to Thursday, and has so remained ever since. In politics, the Gazette is independent. It is a local paper, aims to pi'esent its readers with all home news of interest, together with a choice selection of miscellaneous matter, and is devoted to the interests of its town and county. Its circulation exceeds eight hundred copies. The second joui'nalistic venture was made by J. S. Blake & Bro., January 28, 1882, by issuing the iirst number of the Ricluvood Reporter. The enter- prise has proved a success, and indicates that there is ample room in Rich- wood for two newspapers. The Reporter is independent in politics, and is published every Satui'day. Although, at this writing, it has not yet completed its Iirst year, it has already attained a worthy subscription list, and bids fair to rank among the permanent institutions of Richwood. HOTELS. "V\'illiam Sirpless was the Urst citizen of Richwood to provide entertain- ment for the wayfaring stranger. He made no pretensions to inn-keeping, but only accommodated those, at his log residence, who desired temporary lodging and board. David Houk succeeded him. His dwelling house served him as a tavern, but he made tavern-keeping a business. His house stood on the west side of Franklin street, just north of Merriott's store. Mr. Houk removed to Eaton, Ohio, in a few years. Jesse Reed afterward kept hotel at the same place. About 1843, J. B. W. Haynes became a village host, at the northeast cor- ner of Franklin and Bomford streets. A few years later, he crossed Franklin street, and occupied Houk's old tavern stand, then biiilt a two-story frame on Lot \)~, where Miller's store now stands. R. C. Bigelow siTcceeded him as landlord here. About 1848 or 1850. John Mulvain erected a hotel where the Parsons House now stands, northwest corner of Franklin and Blagrove streets. It has since changed hards repeatedly, and has always since been occupied as a hotel. Since it has come into the possession of the present proprietor, D. F. Parsons, it has been extensively remodeled and enlarged. In the winter of 1854-55, R. AV. AVeisz, then a merchant, built a hotel now known as the Beem House, and in June, 1855, moved into it as landlord. He sold it. in 1866. to John Meyei*. In 1869, it was used as a grocery store for awhile, then sold to J. J. Goldsmith, who restored it to its original in- tended use. O. Beem was the next proprietor. He then rented it for a year to J. Campbell, and in 18"] 7 J. "\V. Gaston purchased it. It has sincebeen conducted by A. Faris & Son. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. (503 The first bank in Eichwood was opened, in 1866, by J. M. Davids and G. Allen, with Mr. Davids as manager. The capital was limited, and the bank survived only a single year. In 1867, the Bank of Eichwood was organized, with G. B. Hamilton, President. He was succeeded by W. H. Conkright, and he in turn by James Cutler, the present President, in 1880. B. L. Talmage was first and present Cashier. The stock amounts to $20,000, and the stockholders are James Cut- ler, B. L. Talmage, W. H. Conkright, I. and B. Cahill and the estate of Nich- olas Money. The Union County Bank was organized and began business January 1, 1874, with T. P. Cratty, President, and A. J. Blake, Cashier. J. Q. Eoads and S. M. Blake were each original stockholders, and the latter is still a mem- ber in the bank. J. P. Brookms is book-keeper. Kill— MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. In about the year 1842, J. S. Gill, Sr., began the manufacture of wooden bowls on an extensive scale at Eichwood; first on Lot 36, Clinton street, and afterward on Lot 438, South Fulton street. His factory burned here in 1869, but he rebuilt, and proceeded again with the manufacture for a year or two, then removed the establishment just across the Indiana State line, near Dixon, Ohio. This was the only manufacturing enterprise of any magnitude that is not represented to-day. The largest establishment in Eichwood at the present time is the saw mill and planing mill of Beem & Biddle. In 1873, L. C. and Benjamin F. Biddle stationed a portable saw mill on the site of their present mills, and in the fall of that year built a two story frame mill, using the upper story for a carpen- ter shop. In 1874, George Johnson purchased the interest of B. F. Beem, but in a short time Orin Beem became a partner, and soon after Mr. Johnson sold his share to his two partners, L. C. and Orin Beem. December 1, 1875, Orin Beem retired from the firm, and C. N. Biddle became the junior member of the firm, which has since been Beem & Biddle. A stationary boiler and engine was substituted for the portable engine in the winter of 1874. The mill, with all the lumber, was totally destroyed by fire June 26, 1876, at a loss of $3,000; no insurance. The energetic, but now involved, owners rebuilt at once, mostly by their own labor, and, by their strictest economy and utmost industry, running night and day, during the ensuing winter they cleared themselves from all pecuniary liabilities. In the fall of 1877, they built the planing mill, 30x60 feet, mainly from the cullings of the saw mill. They adopted the novel method of making one boiler furnish the power for both saw and planing mill, by conveying the steam from the saw mill boiler to the planing mill engine, one hundred feet distant, through an undergiound pijDe. Befsides supplying the home market, the saw mill, in 1876, began to furnish Barney & Smith, car builders, Dayton, Ohio, with their oak lumber, and Aultman & Taylor, of Mansfield, with ash and hickory lumber for threshing machines, besides shipping lumber elsewhere. Foreseeing that the supply of this lumber would soon be exhausted, the firm, in 1880, sought a market for elm lumber, as the most available in this locality. In that year they began the manufacture of wheelbarrow trays for the Eevolving Scraper Company, of Columbus, Ohio, and this year (1882) have entered into a contract to fur- nish it with 100,000 wheelbarrow sets for $44,000, a set consisting of tray, handles, legs and strips. To meet this demand, their facilities must be in- creased, and over $6,000 was expended for new machinery, including a new Corliss engine. The lumber is taken from the stump, and to assist in prepar- 604 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. » ing it a saw mill has been erected in Jackson Township. About thirty men are employed at the mills throughout the year. Besides fulfilling this con- tract, Beem & Biddle do a general line of work in the saw and planing mill business. Loveless, Howe & Bishop are the proprietors of a woolen mill on East Ottaway street, which was built in May, 1869, and has been operated since. Manufacturing is carried on, however, only during a portion of each year, and is chiefly confined to yarns and satinets. Besides this, the firm deals ex- tensively in wool. It has offices in surrounding towns, and in the aggregate, buys from three to five hundred thousand pounds of wool annually. Hides, pelts and furs are also handled largely, the purchases amounting to about $12,000 per year. The mill was built by Messrs. T. S. Loveless and J. E Howe. C. O. Bishop became a partner in March, 1881. There is but one grist mill at Richwood, now operated in the name of D. H. Roland. Naman Price, as early as 1836 or 1888, constructed a tread grist mill on the site of the present mill. It consisted of a large inclined wheel, perhaps forty feet in diameter, from which the motive power was obtained by placing on one side of the wheel from two to four oxen, whose weight would cause it to revolve. A saw mill was afterward attached, and operated by the same power. This rude, primitive structui'e, which, however, fully supplied the milling necessities of the first settlers, was remodeled by John Fields, and steam power added. He had two runs of buhrs, and his business was confined to a little custom work. It afterward came into the possession of Thomas Dutton, and from him was purchased by G. W. Canan, in 1864. Mr. Canan rebuilt it, and added greatly to its facilities. It contains four run of buhrs, and its work is chiefly custom. Mr. Canan sold it in 1879, to the present proprietor. The planing mills of S. M. & A. J. Blake were started by S. Carter and S. M. Blake about 1871. In the spring of 1874, A. J. Blake acquired an in- terest, and during the winter of 1878-79 Mr. Carter retired. Since then, the firm has been as at present. It began on a small scale, and has ever since gradually but steadily increased in business. Four grain warehouses are in operation. That of Camp, Randall & Lyon, now superintended by T. J. Williams, does an annual business of from 150 to 200 car-loads, in gi-ain, coal, seeds and salt. The warehouse was built by E. Thompson, soon after the railroad was constructed, and was operated by Thompson & Graham for some time. H. D. Gill became a dealer in grain and seeds in September, 1879, and now does a business of over 100,000 bushels per year. O. P. & L. Lennox started in business in August, 1881, and annually buy and ship large quantities of grain. D. H. Roland, also, deals largely in grain. Camp, Randall & Lyon, in 1871, built a flax mill at a cost of $7,000. It was operated for about ten years. Flax has ceased to be a crop in this local- ity, and the mill suspended business from lack of material. Three large tile manufactories at Richwood are in operation. They are owned by C. J. & L. G. Monroe, Martin Scheiderer and Horn Brothers. The mercantile business of Richwood is now represented by four dry goods stores, three clothing stores, three groceries, two bakeries, two jeweler stores, one provision store, one furniture store, two hardware stores, three drug stores, one tin and stove store, two boot and shoe stores, three millinery shops and one merchant tailoring establishment. There are also here three meat markets, three livery stables, two lumber yards, two harness shops, one carriage repository, one i-epair machine shop, three blacksmith shops, several shoe shops and a cooper shop. CLAIBOUBNE TOWNSHIP. 605 SOME EARLY INCIDENTS.* July 4, 1838, was observed in Richwood in old pioneer style. The people turned out en masse; a martial band was employed, consisting of James Lan- don, Cyrus Landon and Payne Landon. Tliey were paid 50 cents each, and came on foot, carrying their drums from Prospect, a distance of six miles. Rev. Jacob Young delivered the oration. In the morning, while the people were gathering, a foot-race was arranged between William Bennett and Ben- jamin M. Hamilton. The latter was young and quick in his motions; he had been in the habit of outrunning his schoolmates, in Muskingum County, and gave out word that he could outrun any one in Richwood. Bennett was an old hunter, and once a very powerful man, in which respect he was like all his brothers. They started, from what is now the center of town, and ran south, on the Marysville road. At first, Bennett allowed Hamilton to lead him by twenty feet or more, but, when about half way, began to lope off something like a deer; and in a few jumps he was in the lead. He then turned and ran backwards, calling on Hamilton to "come on," and not to be discouraged! Bennett won the race, making half the distance backwards. He then said he could beat Hamilton any distance, and carry old man Cade — who would weigh over two hundred pounds — on his back. In the summer of 1842, when, I was twelve years old, and was a small boy, carrying the mail from Richwood to Marysville and back every Friday, I chanced to see an old-fashioned militia muster at Pharisburg. Capt. VVesten- hoover was in command. The ground was wet and muddy; the Captain had on a large, bell-crowned beaver hat, and a blue spike-tailed coat with a great many brass buttons. He was in his bare feet, and had his home-made pants rolled up to the knees. As I came into Pharisburg from Marysville, Capt. Westenhoover came, leading his company south, with David Welsh in the lead and the Scott boys next. At what is now the south part of town, the Captain countermarched his company, and started north, and all went well until they came near the cross-roads, and to a large oak stump that was near the road. At this point, Welsh gave a knowing wink to those around, and then aimed for the stvimp and fell over it, and was followed by all the company, until they all lay in one pile around the stump, with their broom-sticks and corn-stalks in their hands, and raising a roar of laughter. This broke up the muster in a row. About the year 1841, I chanced to go to Marysville on an errand. I went across the square, to the southwest side, to Rodney Picket's store, where I heard some men indulging in loud laughing. I was a timid boy, but got close enough to overhear the cause of laughter. A man, whose name I did not learn, had taken a contract to paint the court house, and had prepared his paint by mixing in buttermilk, in order to save money; but when he carried it to the building to commence work he left it for a short time, and some hogs drank it up— and this was what the men were laughing about. In early times, there lived on the knoll east of the present residence of G. B. Hamilton, a person of some notoriety known by the name of " Dick;" and such we will call him in this history. Dick was an innocent kind of a fellow, whose lies were not of the kind to make mischief, and whose stealings were on a small scale, and of such things as he stood in need of. It was said of Dick that if he borrowed a horse he would feed it well, if he had to steal the grain from its owner to do so. He was always ready to do a kind act, and was looked upon as rather a good kind of fellow, in spite of his weakness. Ho was a man of some talent, had a passion for polemics, and was fond of talking of his skill as a debater. He had one besetting sin, that was not offset by a * Contributed by Capt. H. C. Hamilton. 606 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. vii'tue sufficient, in the eyes of his neighbors, for the wrong; it was that of whipping his wife, whose name was Hannah. The old men of the community tried to scold and shame him out of su bad a habit, but it was of no use. Very frequently Hannah's screams would be heard all the country round, and the neighbors would be disturbed by his efforts to correct his wife. It was finally proposed that the young men of the neighborhood should take the mat ter in hand, and try the effect of a debate on " Poor Richard." The matter was duly considered, and plans matured. It was arranged to hold the debate in the upper room of Samuel Hamilton's house, which was the best room of the kind in the country, save the two churches in Rich wood. The time for meeting was set at 2 o'clock on Saturday afternoon, that all might attend. First, there was to be a question discussed such as Dick was fond of, and he was to be one of the principal disputants, John Graham was to be President Judge of the first debate, and when it closed, and the decision of the judges was given, he was to retire from his chair and name his successor. Upon doing so, he chose Dick as the Pre-iident Judge on the debate to follow. The first one was cut short, to give time to the second. Richard, upon taking the chair, returned thanks for the honor done him, and stated that the next thing in order was to choose the Assistant Judges; whereupon Samuel Graham and Eleazer Rose were appointed — they being in league with the others in the scheme to give Dick a scorching. The three were placed on the seats of honor, with Richard in the center. It was further agreed that the question should be, "What crime should sink a man the lowest in the estimation of the community? " James C. Dobie and C. S. Hamilton were appointed leaders in the discussion. Dobie chose J. H. Hamilton and B. Graham as his assistants, while Hamilton chose John Graham and John Wells. Each leader was to choose for himself whatever crime he saw fit, as being the one that should sink a person the lowest in the esteem of his fellow-men, each speaker to be al- lowed two speeches. Dobie opened the discussion by choosing lying and steal- ing, as being the worse of all crimes. He was a fluent speaker, and made a good address, scoring Dick pretty heavily. He was followed by Hamilton, who had great difficulty in finding a crime that was as degrading as lying or stealing. After naming over all the crimes he could think of, he finally con- cluded to select " wife-whipping" as the one which, above all others, should sink a man the lowest in the scale of human existence. Poor Richard now saw that he was caught, but it was too late; for if he had attempted to leave, the two assistant judges would have held him to his post. Hamilton opened for his side, by admitting all that Dobie had said as to jthe meanness of the liar and thief, but argued that the man who would whip his wife was meaner still. When it came John Graham's turn to speak, he made a fine argument, tending to show that in the single act of whipping a wife were found all the crimes in the list — that the wife-whipper was a liar and a perjurer as well as a thief. Dobie's side made an effort to ward off some of the blows, and did well for some three hours, until it came Hamilton's turn to close the debate. He, no doubt, then made the best speech of his life; taking the position that a man might be a liar, a thief, a robber, a pirate, a murderer, and yet, if he had manhood enough left in him to live true to his marriage vows, he was entitled to some respect from his fellow-men; but that when he was so far gone as to beat his own wife^the mother of his children — he was so low down in the scale of existence that he was not entitled to any respect from either men or devils; and the wife-beater was to be shunned and scoroed in this life, as one would shun a viper; even in hell he would not be accounted worthy to asso- ciate with the lost, but that in one corner there would be a place by itself, in which to confine none but wife-whippers, for the reason that they were so low CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 607 it would be unjust to compel others to associate with them, even in the regions of the damned. He tlien appealed to the judges to decide, without hesitating one moment, that wife-whipping should, of all crimes, sink a man lowest in the estimation of the community. During all this long debate, of three or four hours, poor Richard sat with his head down, and only now and then made an ineffectual effort to look up. Afterward, he said to one of his associate judges that it was the hardest ques- tion he was ever called upon to decide! Dick was quite anxious to try the same game on some of his neighbors, with a view to their reformation. He would say to his chums, " Let us have a debate over such a fellow, and see if we can't break him of some of his mean tricks." Dick lived and died near Kichwood, and, so far as I know, was not known to whip Hannah after the debate. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SIMEON A.DAMS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Pennsylvania February 24, 1821. He is a son of Hazard and Elizabeth (Wort) Adams, the former a native of Connecticut, of Eng- lish descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent. Our subject was raised ;ind educated as a farmer, and has followed farming through life. He came to Union County in l'i41, and located on a farm of 150 acres, which he improved and which he still occupies. He was married, in 1850, to Elizabeth Schechter, who was born in Maryland March 28, 1828; she is a daughter of Samuel and Margaret (Bond) Schechter. By this union five children were tiorn, viz.: Margaret, deceased; Jennie E., wife of C. McCallister ; Emma, deceased ; Frank L. "ind Henry H. Mrs. Adams is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Adams is a Republican in politics, and has served as Trustee of his township two terms. L. G. BAKER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Knox County, Ohio, August 1, 1836; he is a son of William and Lucy (Rowley) Baker, natives of Massachusetts. His father was a farmer by occupation, and came to Ohio in his early life, settling in Knox County, where our subject was raised, and remained until 1847, when he came to Union County. He received a common school education and adopted the occupation of farming, which he has since followed with success, now owning a good farm in this township. He was married in 1861, to Mary E. Monson, daughter of Theodore W. and Hester (rowgdl) Monson, who came to this county in 1826. She is one of five children, all of whom were teachers. Mr. and Mrs. Baker have four children, viz.: Hester A., Wealthy V., Lucina R. and Lyman E. The parents are members of the Methodist Protestant Church, in which Mr. Baker has been a class leader and trustee. He is a Republican in politics. PORTER E. BARNES, of Richwood, Ohio, is the senior member of the firm of Barnes & Rosette, agents for Louis Cook's celebrated carriages, spring wagons, buggies and hand-made harness, J. B. Dennison & Co.'s, Lexington, Ky., buggies, United States Carriage Co.'s buggies, of Columbus, Ohio, the McCormick Harvester and Binder, and the Baker Drill, in Union, Marion and Delaware Counties. This enterprising firm is doing an extensive and successful business in Union and surrounding counties, their object being to handle the best articles in the market, find to make rapid and numerous sales, with small profits. They do business in a prompt and honorable manner, give universal satisfaction, and fully merit the liberal patronage they now enjoy. Mr. Barnes was born in the Empire State May 14, 1851, and is a son of Porter and Eliza (Tucker) Barnes, natives of Massachusetts, of English descent. His father emigrated from New York in 1855, and settled at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, where he died in 1864. He was a wealthy and influential farmer, and an extensive breeder of and dealer in fine stock. The sub- ject of this sketch attended Hiram College, where the late James A. Garfield was President, and in 1868 graduated at Baldwin University, Syracuse, N. Y. In 1870, he engaged as shipping clerk for Camp, Randall & Co., in the grain and flax business, at Warren, Ohio, and afterward conducted their branch establishment at Richwood, Ohio, spending altogether eight years in their €mploy, and in that time superintending the building of the flax mill at Richwood. He is a member of Marion Chapter, and of the Knights Templar, A., F. & A. M., a charter member of Richwood Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and a Republican in politics. He served three years as Township Clerk, and was a member of the Building Committee of the Board of Education when the public school building was ei-ected. He was married in 1870, to Ophelia Herr. of West Salem, Wayne Co , Ohio. She was a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Elgin) Herr, natives of Vir- ginia, where her father owned a plantation and 400 slaves at the breaking-out of the war. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have four children, viz.: Alice D., Porter E., Earl R. and George H. Mr. Barnes owns a handsome residence near the depot at Richwood, in which he and his family reside. JOB G. BEARDSLEY, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Rensselaer County, N. Y., September 16, 1810. He is a son of William and Eunice (Gardner) Beardsley, natives of Con- 608 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. necticut. His father was a shoe-makei* by trade, but spent most of his life farming. He came to Ohio in 1814, and settled in Licking County, removing from there to Knox County, lie died ai the age of eighty-two years; his wife lived to reach ninety years of age. Our subject remiiined with his parents in Kuox County until eighteen years of age, when he began learning the black- smith's tiade, at which he worked ten years in Licking County. In 1843, he began farming, and has has since followed that honorable avocation, until recently, when he retired from active life. In 185"J, he came to Claibourne Tdwnship, and now owns a farm of 106 acres in this township He was married in Knox County, in 1834, to Patience Webster, a native of New York, by wh )m he had ten children, of whom six reached their majority and two now survive, viz: Mary, wife of Isaac Cowgill, and James W. Mrs. Beardsley died August 125, 1870, :ind in 1871 Mr. Beardsley married Nancy (Bell) Sifritt, widow of Andrew Sifritt, who at the time of their mar riage had two children, Lorenzo and Margaret. Mrs. and Mrs. Beardsley are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a prominent Republican in politics. He had one pon, Will- iam Webster, who enlisted in 1862, in the Second Ohio Infantry, and had his right leg shot off at the second battle of Bull Run, which resulted in his death two years later. WILLIAM BEATHARD, farmer, P. O. Richwood, was born in Jerome Township, Union County, March 18, 1820; he is a son of William and Mary (Chappel) Beathard, the former a na- tive of Maryland, of Irish descent, and the latter a native of Virginia, of Scotch descent. Our subject was raised on his father's farm, but in early life he learned the cooper's trade, which, with several other occupations, he has since followed, having been a farmer for the last twenty years. He owns a farm of eighty acres of land, on which he resides. In 1840, he married Dor- otha Wasson, daughter of Thomas and Keziah (Noble) Wasson, and a native of New York. By this union six children were born, four surviving, viz., Thomas M., Charles W., Roxy M., wife of Sanford Wiley, and Cassia J., wife of Norman £. (Jahill Mr. and Mrs. Beathard are mem- bers of the United Brethren Church, in which he has been a Class Leader, Steward and Trustee; he is a Republiran in politics. JACOB BEEjNI, one of a family of eleven children, was born in Alleghany County, Md.. March 4, 1799, and was the son of Michael Beem, who was born in Germany March 5. 17o5 . his father came to America when Mike was six years old. He had one brother, Richard, who was shortly after killed by a mule kicking him, leaving but one of the name in America, and i ; date we have never met any one of the name except the descendents of Michael. At about th.' time of the breaking-out of the Revolution, he married Elizabeth Green, niece of Gen. Green, (who was active in the Revolutionary struggle in gaining our independence). He enlisted earlv in the Revolutionary war, was on Gen. Washington's staff and was in service until the close i t~ the war, afier which he engaged in mercantile business, in Westernport, Md., for a time, the returned to farming. In 1812, he removed to Licking County, Ohio, where he engaged in farti- ing. On the 15th of November, 1827, Jacob, the younger son, was married to Phoebe Rose, ti <- daughter of Rev. Philip Rose, and remained in that county until 1832, in which year he cam' to Union County, with the intention of buying 600 acres of land where Richwood now stands,, but was a few days too late, the land having been purchased by Philip Plummer. He, however, bought 400 acies of the Clarks, part of which he retained and lived on at the time of his deai!i in 1878. He was a man of strong physical, mental and moral powers, thought and acted for himself, would mold to the ideas of others only when they were consistent with reason and, upon the whole, just such a character as would brave the hardships of a new country an I pioneer life, and awakea energy, enterprise and moral force in the circle in which he moved. He bought, sold and traded ia lands and stock, farmed quite extensively and also took con- tracts to clear land. Perhaps he and his boys cleared more land than any other family in the township. He was a Universalist in religious belief, believing that the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments contain a revelation of the character of God and of the duty, interest and final destination of mankind, and that there is one God whose nature is love, revealed in our Lord Jesus Christ by one Holy Spirit of grace, who will finally restore the whole family of mankind to holiness and happiness ; also that holiness and happiness are inseparably connected, and in order to he happy one must practice only such principles as produce the best results, de- nying self of all ungodliness and worldly lust. He was the father of nine sons and one daughter, being the only one in the township who could boast of a "seventh son." He died at the ripe age of seventy-nine years, leaving a wife and eight children to mourn his loss, two of the sons having given their lives in the service of their country in the war of the rebellion. ORRIN BEEM, pike contractor, Richwood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, July 24, 1830; he is the son of Jacob and Phoebe (Rose) Beem, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Licking County, Ohio, of English and German descent. His father came to Union County in 1830 and settled in Claibourne Township. Our subject was raised on a farm and fol- lowed farming until thirty-four years of age. In 1855, he went to Illinois, where he was en- gaged in farming until 1864, when he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Infantry, Company K, under Col. Goodwin, and served as First Lieutenant of his company until the close of the war. He carried his Christian character with him in the army, did his duty like a good soldier and was highly respected by both officers and men. On his return tc civil life he returned to this county and purchised the hotel still known as the Beem House, iu Rich- CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 611 wood, which he conducted for some years. He operated a saw mill in 1872 and has since been variously engaged, now being a partner of P. G. Wynegar in contracting for and building turn- pike roids. He owns forty or fifty town lots and a handsome residence now occupied by his family. He laid off Beem's Addition to the town of Richwood and takes a deep interest in any thing tending to the growth or improvement of his town. On June 11, 1855, he married Ellen B. Woodwsyd, a daughter of Moses Woodward, a native of Vermont, of Ecglish and German de- scent. Seven children are the issue of this marriage, viz., Isaac N.; Mary, wife of Dr. M. J. Jenkins; Aurora, deceased; Minnie, a graduate of the Piichwood High School in the class of '80; Rose, a junior in the Pdchwood High School; .lacob and Frederick. Mr. and Mrs. Beem are members of the Protestant Church of Richwood. LEWIS CLEMONS BEEM, of the firm of Beem & Biddle, manufacturers, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Claibourne Township, Union County, November 15, 1847 ; his father, Jacob Beem, was born in Md., in 1799, and came to Union County at an early day, settling in Claibourne Township. He was a life-long farmer, and at the time of his death in 1878, owned 237 acres of good land. His wife Phebe Rose, was a native of Franklin County, Ohio, of English descent. Our subject was raised on the fixrm, attending the district schools and a select school, and in early life taught school for a time. In 1871, he engaged in the saw mill business with hia broth- er, and in 1873 he came to Richwood. In 1875, he embarked in his present business with Mr. Biddle. They began business with little capitnl, but now have one of the most successful enterprises in Richwood. In 1881, Mr. Beem married Margaret Graham, daughter of Patterson Graham ; she is a native of Union County, and a member of the Protestant Church. They have- had one child, Ada, deceased. B. F. BEEM, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Claibourne Township October 31, 1850, and is a son of .Tacob and Phebe (Rose) Beem. He was raised on a farm, receiving a common school education, and when eighteen years of age engaged in saw milling with his brother, Lewis Beem, following that business in Claibourne and .Jackson Townships until he reached his majority. He then began farming and has since followed that occupation, with more than av- erage success, now being the owner of 200 acres of land, on which he has erected a $2,000 resi- dence. He is purely a self-made man. On December 28, 187G, he married Miss Laura J. Walker, a daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Allen) Walker, and a native of Marion County, Ohio, where she was born September 13, 1855. They have one child, Fannie Belle. Mr. Beem is a Republican in politics. JOHN W. BELL, proprietor of sawmill and manufacturer, P. 0, Claibourne, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, January 5, 1845, and is a son of William and Margaret (Shipley) Bell, the former a native of Pennsylvania, of German descent, and the latter a native of Wayne County, (Jhio, of Scotch descent. Our subject was raised on a farm, where he remained until twenty-one years of age, when he engaged in operating a saw mill for others. Two years later he purchased a half interest in the mill. After several changes he came to Claibourne Village and engaged in saw milling with Mr. Shearer, a pioneer miller of this county, with whom he still continues. They manufacture spokes and felloes for wagons and are doing a good business in the sawmill. Our subject was married October 10, 1878, to Mary Brown, daughter of P. G. and Sarah Brown, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Ohio. Mr. Bell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mrs. Bell of the Baptist. He is a Democrat in politics, but always votes for the man and not the party. HENRY BIDDLE (deceased). Prominent among the early farmers of Union was the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in England August 27, 1829, and in 1832 emigrated to America, with his parents, Joseph and Maria (Williams) Biddle, who settled on a farm of 110 acres, south of Richwood, a part of which is now in the corporation of the village. His father was a heavy set man, weighing over two hundred pounds, active and ener- getic, and before his emigration, had gained considerable fame as a professional wrestler, which was a characterstic very much admired at that time in England. He was a millwright by trade, and built several mills in America, among them the mill at Richwood. He died in 1866. Henry received a very limited education and followed the occupation of farming, at the time of his deatit being the owner of 180 acres of land. He was married in 1850 to Eunice Latson, who was born in New York in 1832, of German and English parentage. Their marriage was blessed with eight children, viz. : George, who was born in Claibourne Township, August 10, 1852, and on October 15, 1879, married Ann Lake, a sister of John Lake, by whom he had two children, Harry and Carrie Bell. He has been a life-long farmer. The second child, Seneca, is deceased. The third, Thomas H., was born in this township December 12, 1856, and is likewise a farmer, now own- ing eighty-three acres of land. In 1876, he married Lydia A. Hamilion, a daughter of Benja- min and Abagail (Graham) Hamilton, and a member of the Deciples Church. They have three children^Maggie, M.,Tearl C, and Florence Abagail. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias Lodge of Richwood. The fourth child, Annie M., is now the wife of M. B. Hill. The fifth, Em- ma is deceased. The sixth, Sarah E., now a resident of Columbus. The seventh died in in- fancy. The youngest child, Jennie May, born in 1871, is now attending school. Mr. Biddle was a charter member of the I. 0. 0. F. Lodge at Richwood, and a faithful member of the fra- ternity until death. He died December 15, 1877. His widow resides on the old homestead at Richwood. -612 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. CHARLES BIDDLE, of the firm of Beem & Biddle, manufacturers, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Columbus, Ohio, March 8, 184H, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Perry) Biddle. His father built a planing mill in Columbus, in 1849, which is said by him to have been the first built in the State. Our subject worked in the planing mill until nineteen years of age, when he worked on the railroad as a fireman for a short time ; after which he took charge of the railroad round house and held it till the strike of 1873. He did not join the strike, as he does not be- lieve in them, but resigned his position because he thought it policy to do so. In 1874, he went to work in the planing mill at Columbus, and in 1875 came to Richwood and embarked in his present enterprise with Mr. Beem. They employ about thirty hands, do an extensive business and ship goods of their production all over the world. ]Mr. Biddle has ingeniously contrived several inventions that have materially increased their capacity for production. They manufact- ure wheelbarrows that have an extensive sale throughout the United States, single orders being sent in for as many as 100,000 at one time. Mr. Biddle, was married, in 1874, to Anna Fisher, a native of Union County, and a daughter of William Fisher, and by her has had two children — Laura and William. Mr. Biddle is a Republican, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. CHARLES O. BISHOP, of the firm of Loveless, Howe & Bishop, proprietors of the Rich- wood Woolen Mills, and dealers in wool, grain, hides, furs and staves, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Logan County, Ohio, October 10, 184o ; he is a son of Thomas and Sabina (Schenck) Bishop, natives of New Jersey. His father died when Charles was twelve years old and his mother lived a widow until her death in 1875, at the age of seventy-six years. Our subject was .the fifth of a family of eight children. He was raised on the farm, receiving a common school education, and worked at farming until 1871, when he came to Richwood and embarked in the stave trade. In 1880, he combined his business with his present partners, and established the firm as it now exists. In 1870, he married Adelaide Fawn, a native of Union County, and a daughter of Edward Fawn, who was a farmer of this county for forty-six years of his life. To Mr. and Mrs. Bishop one child has been born, viz., Newton Otto. Mrs. Bishop is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JOHN BLAIR, farmer and dealer in agricultural implements, Richwood, was born in Bedford County, Penn., May 25, 1831. His parents were Edmond and Esther (Casteel) Blair, natives of Pennsylvania, of English descent, who came to Ohio in 1832, and passed their entire lives on the farm. Our subject was reared on the farm and received a common school educa- tion. He has followed farming during the greater part of his life, and at present is also engaged in the sale of farming implements, at Richwood. He received a liberal start in lile, from his father, who was well-to do, and now owns 300 acres of prime land in this county. He was mar- ried in 1852 to Camellia Hodson, a native of Ohio, by whom he has had three children, viz.: Edmond, deceased, S. Milton and jjohn Frank. Mr. and Mrs Blair are members of the Method- ist Protestant Church at Bethlehem, in which he is a Trustee. He is a Democrat in politics and has held most of the offices of the township. He came to this county in 1872 and settled two miles south of Richwood, where he now resides. He makes a specialty of Norman horses, •on which he has taken the premium twice at the State Fair, and has also a tine stock of cattle. S. M. BLAKE, Richwood. Prominent among the enterprising business men of Union County figures the subject of this sketch, who is a member of the firm of S. M. & A. J. Blake, bankers, lumber dealers and proprietors of Richwood Planing Mills, and also senior member of the firm of S. M. Blake & Co., druggists. He was born in Portage County, Ohio, April 3, 1831, and is a son of James and Betsey (Avery) Blake. His father was a farmer, and emigrat- ing to Ohio in 1826, located in Portage County. Our subject was raised on a farm, receiving a common school education and followed farming until 1874, when he moved to Richwood and engaged in the lumber trade and banking, both of which he has since followed with more than ordinary success. He subsequently embarked in the drug business and in 1881, associated himself in this business with C. E. Hill, under the firm name given above. He is a thorough business man, and takes an active interest in everything that pertains to the best interest of Rich- wood. He is a Republican in politics, and though he has no aspirations for official honors, he nas been called upon to till several of the town and township offices. He was married in 1857 to Harriet Parsons, by whom he has had seven children, four now living, viz.: Bessie, wife of J. E. Robinson, who has charge of the lumber yard of the firm of S. M. & A. J. Blake ; Gracie, Harry and Sylvia. ADONIRAM JUDSON BLAKE, of Richwood, was born in Brimfield, Portage Co., Ohio, on November 15, 1835. His parents were from Litchfield County, Conn., having emigrated from there in the year 1825; he was the youngest of four brothers. There were also two sisters in the family, one younger and one older. During the first sixteen years of his life, his labors were such as are incident to a farmer boy's life, with only such school advantages as were oifered by the district school. For the next two years, he attended a high school a part of each year in an adjoin- ing village. It was while attending one of these schools, known as an "academy," that his father "hired him out," to teach the winter term of school in one of the subdistricts of his native township. He entered upon this work a few days before he was eighteen years of age. His success in this, his first "term," can be measured by a proposition made to him by the School CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 613 Directors of the district to continue the term for another month. In the following autumn, through the influence of himself and several associates, a select school was organized in their own township, and was continued during the fall and sometimes through the winter months for several years. For the next few years his time was divided between teaching in the winter and attending school and institutes in the summer, most of this time in his native township. In 1857, he was asked to take charge of the grammer school department of the Salem, Columbiana County, Union Schools. In this position he remained three years, when he accepted the position of teacher of the high school at Upper Sandusky Wyandot Co., Ohio, which he resigned in the spring of 18G1. Desiring to take a rest, he visited several schools in this part of Ohio, and while visiting at Cardington, Morrow County, he was unamimously tendered the superintendency of the union schools of that place, which he accepted, and held for a year and a half, finally resigning on account of ill health. After a few months' rest, he em- barked in the stove and tin ware trade at that place. He was married in Cardington, Ohio, August 20, 1863, to Miss Clotilda W. Shur, second daughter of John Shur, of that place, who was then an Assessor of Internal Revenue under Abraham Lincoln. Desirous of bearing his part in the war, he contributed liberally of his means to furnish men and means, and was only prevented from joining the ranks by Dr. Fisher's examination, which pronounced him "phys- ically unfit for the service." In August, 1865, became to this place, and engaged in the general hard- ware and stove business. His friends in Cardington believed the venture was an experiment, and that he would soon return to their village. Encouraged by his success, in the spring of 1866, he removed his stock of stoves and hardware from that place to this, thus combining both stocks, and formed the partnership of A. J. Blake & Co., with D. W. Godman as partner. In the spring of the same year, he erected a two-story frame building, twenty feet wide by one hun- dred feet long, on the ground now occupied by Godman & Thornhill's hardware store. In May of that year, he was asked by several of the citizens of the place to accept the appointment as Postmaster, which recommendation was laid before Postmaster General W. Dennison by the Hon. C. S. Hamilton, and, accordingly, on the 26th day of May, 1866, he was commissioned as Postmaster, which office he held until compelled to resign the same by a pressure of business re- lations. He has always taken an active part in the educational interests of the place in which he resides. After resigning his position as superentendent in Cardington, he was chosen a mem- ber of the School Board. Soon after coming to Richwood, he drafted a petition for what is now the Richwood Village District, to withdraw from the township subdistrict plan, which was adopted, and out of which has grown our system of union schools. Most of the time since, he has been a member of the School Board, having been selected as its Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer at diiferent times. He has also assisted in preparing the course of study for the high school, and in conducting its examinations. His love for the profession of teaching has not died out yet, as nothing gives him greater pleasure than to meet a body of teachers, either in a school room or at his own residence. He thinks it no discredit that, out of his father's family of six children, five of them were school teachers. While in the hardware trade in'this place, he saw the necessity of a planing mill and lumber yard, and the firm of A. J. Blake & Co. associated with them Mr. S. Carter, under the name of S. Carter & Co., and built the building, and stocked the yard, which is now owned by S. M. & A. J. Blake. In January, 1873, he disposed of his interest in the hardware business to Mr. F. H. Thornhill, and proceeded to the erection of the dwelling house, which he now occupies. In Januarry, 1874, he, with his brother, S. M. Blake, and others engaged in the banking business, under the name of '' Union County Bank," in which as ( ashier he has continued to the present time. In politics, he has always been a stanch Re- publican, having cast his first Presidential vote for A. Lincoln. He has a personal acquantance with President Garfield, and took an enthusiastic interest in his election. He had been honored by his fellow-townsman by township and corporation local offices, the positions having been ten- dered him without solicitation. He isa strong believer in that feature of civil service reform that "the oiEce should seek the man, and not the man seek the office." He and his wife are both mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he was a lay delegate to the last lay delegate con- ference. His family consists of three sons and one daughter. The two older sons, aged respect- ively sixteen and eighteen, are editors and publishers of the Richwood Reporter, a local newspaper started in January, 1882. Although taking an active interest in public measures and busy with private affairs, he is happiest in the presence of his own family, or with a friend or two at his comfortable residence, where his hospitatity is without measure. JOSEPH P. BROOKS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, May 29, 1831; his parents were J. P. and Sarah Brooks. His father, who was a sea-faring man, and for fourteen years Captain of a vessel ; left the sea, and, coming to Ohio, engaged in the poi'k traffic. He afterward moved to Licking County, and engaged in farming. Our subject received his education in the graded schools of Columbus, which he attended until his family moved away. He chose the occupation of farming and has made that the principal object of his life. In 1861, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Ohio Infantry, and partici- pated in the battle of Fort Donelson, siege of Vicksburg and other important engagements. He was three times wounded, but not seriously. He was in command of Mortar Boat No. 2, thit shelled Island No. 10, on the Mississippi. He was married in 1853 to Christina Duhl, who was 614 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. born in Pennsylvania January 3, 1831. They have three children — Henry .J., C. and Ella F. Mr. Brooks is a Republican and the ov?ner of sixty acres of land. OLIVER D. BROWNING, of the firm of Williams & Browning, grain dealers, Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, .January 20, 1844, and is a son of William and Sally Ann (Grove) Browning, the former a native of Ohio, of English and German descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of English descent. His father was a life-long farmer and resident of Ohio; he came to Union County in 1875, and died in Richwood in 1877. Our subject was raised on a farm and received a common school education. In 1872, he sold his farm and came to Richwood, where he has since resided. He was married, in 1872, to Almeda Charles, a native of Licking County, Ohio, and a daughter of Simon and Amanda (Seymour) Charles. They have one child, Ida E. Mr. Browning has acted in his present capacity, as agent for Camp, Randall & Lyons, grain dealers, of Warren, Ohio, for the past seven years. He is a Republican in politics. ISAAC CAHILL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Union County, Ohio, March 31, 1850, and is a son of .J. E. and Hannah (Brisbea) Cahill. His father was a native of Pennsyl- vania, where he followed farming until ISB'J, when he came to this county and engaged exten- sively in farming and stock dealing. Our subject was raised on the farm, but received all the advantages of a collegiate education in the colleges at INIarysville and Delaware. He has chosen farming for an occupation and in it has been very successful, now owning 217 acres of land. He and his brother, Benton, have farmed in partnership and are now partners in everything but their real estate. Mr. Cahill was married, in 1876, to Tillie Figley, by whom he has one child, John E. Mrs. Cahill is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. ('ahill is a stockholder in the Richwood Bank, a Democrat in politics and a member of Richwood Lodge, No. 303, F. & A. M. He occupies a neat and comfortable residence, built at a cost of $4,500, and is very much attached to his home and family. BENTON CAHILL, farmer, P.O. Richwood, was born in Claibourne Township, Union County. Ohio, March 16, 1854 ; he is ason of J. E. and Hannah (Brisben) Cahill. His father was a carpen- ter by trade, and followed that occupation in early life. He came to Claibourne Township Septem- ber 16, 1839, and, improving a farm, engaged in farming, which he followed with more than ordi- nary success until his death, which occurred February 3, 1874. He also dealt largely in stock, buying, selling and trading, and at his death owned 841 acres of land, which he had accumu- lated during a life of industry and thrift. He was twice married, having by his first wife, who only lived two years after marriage, one child, that died young. By his second wife he had eight children, six of them now living and all, with one exception, residents of this county. Our subject, the youngest child, was raised on the farm and has followed the occupation of a farmer during the whole of his life, now owning 185 acres of land in this township. He was married, in 1874, to Lavina Howland, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of J. Howland. By this union three children were born, viz., Sylvia Belle, Laura J. and Emery Uriah. Mr. Cahill is a Democrat in politics, as was his father, the latter at one time having been nominated for Representative by his party in this county. GEORGE W. CANAN, miller, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Knox County, Ohio, January 17, 1830, and is a son of Robert and Jane S. (Rigur) Canan, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Irish and the latter of English descent. They emigrated to Ohio in 1820, and settled in Licking County. Our subject early learned milling in his father's mill, and when he wa-i seventeen years of age he moved with his parents to Delaware County, where he and his father purchased a mill in partnersliip, which they operated until they purchased the Richwood Mill in 1864. His fatner died in 1865, and since that time he has been in business by himself. His son-in-law, D. H. Rowland, owns and operates the mill and warehouse adjoining him, and deals in grain, seed, etc. Mr. Canan w.as married, in 1852, to Sarah M. Cutclieon, a native of Ohio, of German descent, by whom he has four children liv- ing, viz.: Mary (wife of D. H. Rowland), Anna E., Florence A. and Sarah M. Mr. and Mrs. Canan are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has been steward, trustee and class-leader of the church at Richwood. He has occupied the offices of Township Trustee, Cor- poration Treasurer, member of the Village Council and for twelve years a member of the Board of Education. He is the owner of the house and lot in Richwood, in which he resides. D. P. COOK, furniture dealer, Richwood, was born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 24, 1829, and is a son of Rodney and Laura (Cales) Cook, natives of Connecticut, of English descent. He received a common school education, and has spent his life in the pursuit of several occupa- tions, never having learned any trade. He kept a livery stable in Columbus ten years, and, in 1852, went to Omaha, Neb., and the Western States and Territories. Returning to Ohio, he en- gaged in farming for ten years, after which he went to Morrow County, where he followed buy- ing, selling and shipping horses, and for two years operated a flax mill. In 1880, he came to Richwood and embarked in the livery business, which he discontinued in 1882, to engage in his present enterprise — furniture selling. He has been three times married, his first wife having been Lucy Smith, by whom he had one .son, Emmet R., born in 1863, and owner of the store in which his father does business. Mr. Cook is a Republican, and a member of Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 194. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 615 DANIEL S. COPP, fanner and dairyman, P. 0. Puchwood, is a son of Hayes D. and Dolly (Emery) Copp, natives of New Hampshire, the former of Irish, and the latter of English de- scent. The father was a life-long farmer, and a prominent man among the agriculturists. Our subject was reared on a far 03 and received an ordinary public school education. In 1877, he came to Ohio and located at Fremont, where he remained until 1881, when he removed to Clai- bourne Township, one mile north of Richwood, where he still resides. He owns fifty-five acres of land, on which he pastures cows, selling the milk and doing a general dairy business in con- nection with his farm operations. He was married in 1874 to Lizzie A. Drew, a native of Ohio, of English descent, and a daughter of Alvin Drew. Mr. Copp is a Democrat in politics. ISAAC COWGILL, farmer, P. 0. Eichwood, was born in Claibourne Township, one mile from where be now lives, March 24, 1838; he is a son of George W. and Susan (Smart) Cowgill, natives of the Eastern States, of English descent. His father was a farmer, and to this occupa- tion our subject has devoted his life. He has been successful in his business, and owns a nice improved fiU'm of good land on the Marysville pike. He was married in 1859 to Eunice Mary Beardsley, a daughter of J. G. Beardsley, whose sketch appears in this work; she was formerly a school teacher, and is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church. By this union one child was born — Ida A., who married William S. Bonner, and has two children — C. C. and Fay. Mr. Cowgill is a Democrat in politics. JOHN CRAMER, liveryman, Richwood. Our subject was born in Guernsey County, Ohio; his parents were Benjamin and Anna (Speck) Cramer, natives of Maryland, of German descent. His father was a life-long farmer, and one of the early settlers of this State. Our subject was raised on a farm, and has devoted most of his life to the occupation of a farmer. In 1881, he sold his farm and embarked in the livery business at Richwood. Upon the death of his father, he was appointed administrator of the estate, and as such discharged his duties in a most satis- factory manner. He married Eliza Hudson, a daughter of John and Olinda (AVard) Hud- son, and by her has had sis children, namely, Leander, deceased in 1880, and !_Samantha, twins, Olinda A., Mary C, Sarah .1. and Edward R. Leander, at the time of his decease, was an influential and wealthy farmer of this county. THOMAS P. CRATTY, merchant, Richwood, was born in Marion County, Ohio, December, 12, 1830, and is the son of Samuel and Jane (Pugh) Cratty, natives of Ohio, the former of Irish and the latter of Welsh descent. His paternal grandfather is still living at the age of ninety-eight years. Our subject was educated principally at the Delaware (Ohio) University, and pursued his studies with the view of becoming a lawyer. Fearing he would not be able to acquire the profession for lack of funds, he abandoned the idea and resorted to store-keeping and auctioneering to gain liveli- hood. He still retains his liking for the legal profession, and has argued a great many cases before Justices of the Peace with marked success. As an auctioneer, he has but few equals, and no superiors in this part of the country. He began his business life in 1859 in the grocery and dry goods trade in Marion County, where he remained until 1863, when he engaged in the same business at Richwood. On the organization of the Union County Bank, he was elected its Presi- dent, and has served in that capacity ever since. He is a Republican in politics, and for a time served as Mayor of the village of Richwood. Prior to engaging in mercantile pursuits, he had taught school from the time he was eighteen years of age. He is a thorough business man, and the owner of 125 acres of land, all of which he has made by his own exertions. He was married in 1861 to Ann Eliza Fish, a daughter of Samuel Fish, of Marion County, and by her has had four children, viz., S. Frank, Nina May, Mina J. and Princess Eva. Mr. and Mrs. Cratty are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is a licentiate minister. CAPT. OTWAY CURRY, grocer, Richwood, son of Stephenson and Sarah D. (Robinson) Curry, was born in Jerome Township, Union Co., Ohio, August 6, 1835, and grew to manhood upon his father's farm. He acquired a common school education, and continued in the pursuit of farm duties until he was twenty-five years of age, since when, with the exception of the time spent in the army during the rebellion, he has been engaged in mercantile business. On the 15th of August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company A, One Hundred and. Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which regiment formed a part of the Army of the Cumberland. Mr. Curry took part in all the battles in which his regiment was engaged, the first being at Perry ville, Ky., before the command had been drilled. At Cliickama.uga, on the 20th of September, 1862, it won golden laurels for itself, and continued to add to them during its subsequent career— through the Atlanta campaign, the famous " march to the sea," the trip through the Carolinas, and finally participated in the grand review at Washington in May, 1865. April 12, 1864, Mr. Curry was promoted Second Lieutenant of his company, and on the 15th of July following, re- ceived a commission as First Lieutenant. April 20, 1865, he was promoted to the command of the color company (C) of his regiment. His discharge was dated June 18, 1865. His record in the service was excellent. The Curry family and its connections sent thirteen representatives to the war during the rebellion, which fact of itself is glory enough, even without the added fame of a good record while wearing the uniform of the government. Upon his return " home from the war," Capt. Curry embarked in a mercantile venture in company with his brother Capt. William L. Curry, now a resident of Marysville, and Auditor of Union County. Their store was at New California, in Jerome Township. In 1868, Otway Curry established a grocery at Rich- 616 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. wood, where he has built up a successful business, and is at present located. Since he became a fixture at this point his good management has enabled him to accumulate a fair property, and his prospects for the future are flattering. .July 30, 1868, he was united in marriage with Geoi'gi- ana Robinson, a native of Union County, Ohio, who has borne him two children — Lena T. and Ernest S. Curry. Mrs. Curry is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Capt. Curry is a gentle- man to whom a pleasant home offers the greatest attractions, and he is happy in the possession of such an abiding place. He is a stanch citizen of the village in which he resides. His political affiliations is with the Democratic party. He is named for his uncle, Otway Curry, a former prominent and honored citizen of the county, and a gifted poet, whose stanzas won for him the fame of being one of the finest and most accomplished writers of verse in the great North- west. THOMAS J. DICKS, merchant, Richwood, was born at West Alexandria, Preble Co., Ohio. January 2, 1841, and is a son of .James and Margaret (Weaver) Dicks, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio, both of English descent. He was educated in the graded schools of Dayton, Ohio, and since 1860, has been engaged almost exclusively in selling goods. During the war, he served in a regiment of three months' men ; he was a member of the State militia for aterm of five years. In 1881, he came to Richwood and opened one of the finest dry goods stores of the village, under the firm name of T. J. Dicks & Co. He carries a large and varied stock of goods, receives a liberal share of patronage and is doing a thriving business. He was married May 26, 1875, toNanna Deardorff, a native of Ohio, by whom he has had one child, Ella Mary, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Dicks are Lutherans and hold their membership in the church at Dayton. JOHN DILSAVER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, May 26, 1806, and isason of Michael and Hannah (Coon) Dilsaver, the former a native of Virginia ami the latter of Pennsylvania, both of English descent. His father came to Ohio in early manhood, and was one of the earliest settlers of the State ; he was a tanner by trade, and is said to have tanned the first leather that was ever tanned on the west side of the Scioto River. Our subject attended school in the primitive log schoolhouses of pioneer days, and chose the occupation of a farmer, also conducting a tannery for a time. He came to Union County nearly half a century ago and located south of where Richwood now stands, where he still resides. He opened a tannery on this farm, in early days, but has long since discontinued it. When he began life for himself he spent five years working out by the month at $8 per month. He now has 170 acres of land on which he resides, and eighty acres in Paulding County. He is an old Jacksonian Democrat and cast his first vote for " Old Hickory," the head of that party. In 1831, he married Sarah Jane Bridge, a native of Ohio, by whom he has had seven children, namely, Almira (deceased), Albert, Edward, Michael, Hannah, wife of Jacob Beem, William (de- ceased) and Lavina. Mr. and Mrs. Dilsaver are members of tlie Methodist Protestant Church. ADAM DILSAVER, farmer and brickm.ison, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, January 3, 1817 ; his parents were George and Elizabeth (North) Dilsaver, natives of Virginia, and of English descent, who came to Ohio in 1810 and settled in Delaware County. EJis father was a soldier of the war of 1812, and a life-long farmer of Delaware County. Our subject spent his youth on the farm, and in early life learned bricklaying, which he has since followed in connection with farming. In 1841, he married Mary Ann Thrasher, by whom he had three children, John E., George T. and Mattie. His wife died in 1859, and in the same year he married Margaret Kyle, by whom has had one child — Frank. In 1872, he sold his farm in Marion County and moved to Delaware County, then to Marion, and, finally, to Union County, where he now owns ninety-seven acres of land. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for thirty years, and has oc- cupied the offices of steward, class-leader and trustee in the church. His wife has been a member of the same church over forty years. He is a Republican in politics, and has retired from active life. DR. WILLIAM B. DUKE, physician and surgeon, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Licking County, Ohio, February 21, 1843; he is a son of David and Sarah (Conrad) Duke, natives of Virginia, of English descent. Our subject was reared on his father's farm, where he remained until eighteen years of age, when he went to Iowa and began clerking in a grocery. In 1863, he went to Arkansas, where he farmed for one year and also clerked in a store. At the age of twenty-four years he began reading medicine with Dr. C. H. Stimpson, of Licking County, and subsequently attended lectures in Cincinnati, receiving his diploma in 1871. He has since been entirely devoted to his practice, and in 1875 came to Richwood, where he is meeting with well- merited success. In 1869, he married Laverna V. Trevitt, a daughter of John Trevitt, and a native of Ohio. By this marriage one child has been born, viz., Herman Clyde. Mrs. Duke is a member of the Baptist Church. J. EDELMAN, farmer, P. O. Richwood, wan born in Niagara County, N. Y., January 15, 1830; his parents were George and Elizabeth (Gaumer) Edelman, natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. They came to Ohio in 1835, and settled in Wood County, where our sub- ject was raised and educated. He chose the occupation of a farmer, and followed it during the most of his life. In 1865, he married Anna Fowler, a native of Wood County, Ohio, by CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 617 whom he had four children, viz., Florence A., Harry B., Willie J. and Katie. Mrs. Edelman was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, and died in 1872. In 1874, Mr. Edelman- married Sarah Gast, a native of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Edelman are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a Trustee of the church at Richwood. He is a^ member of Phoenix Lodge, No. 123, F. & A. M., a Democrat in politics, and since 1874, Super- intendent of gravel roads. He served as Trustee of Perrysburg Township, Wood Co., and has also been Trustee of Claibourne Township. He owns twenty-two acres of land adjoining Richwood. JOSEPH EMBREY, jeweler, Richwood, is a son of Lewis and Margaret (Bell) Embrey, the former a native of Virginia, of English descent, and the latter a native of Scotland ; he was born in Logan County, Ohio, July 1, 1855, and received his education in the graded schools of Mor- row, Warren Co., Ohio, in which his father was engaged in plying his trade of watch-maker. He learned the trade of a jeweler, serving a regular apprenticeship, and in 1878 came to Rich- wood and established himself in business on the corner of Main and Ottawa streets. He keeps a full line of watches, clocks and silverware, and does all kinds of repairing in a manner that speaks for itself. He is a Republican in politics, a Master Mason of Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 303, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He has made his own start in life and is meet- ing with flattering successes in business. GEORGE W. FINLEY, deceased, was born in Virginia, and was educated in the graded schools of AVashington, D. C; of his early life and his ancestry but little is now known. He was a coach-maker by trade and m early life taught school. He was married in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1851, to Angeline Williams, a daughter of Rev. John Williams and Anna Smart, his wife, who came to Ohio at an early day and settled in Fairfield County, where Mrs. Finley was born in 1828. Her father was a minister of the Methodist denomination. Mr. and Mrs Finley had five children, viz.: Ellen D., now the wife of T. T. Jones ; Olive A., wife of Chauncey Hill ; Otho Ray, deceased ; Carrie Bell, deceased; and Mary V., wife of E. R. Finley. Mr. and Mrs. Finley were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he was a Whig in poli- tics until the formation of the Republican party, when he became a Democrat. He was a suc- cessful business man, a good farmer and an extensive stock dealer, and at his death owned 2G5> acres of land. Mrs. Finley is a grand-daughter of Joshua Scritchfield, a Revolutionary soldier^ who lived until the year 1842. C. E. FISH, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Maryland February 24, 1824 ; he is a son of James H. and Catherine (Easterday) Fish, natives of Maryland, the former of English and the latter of German discent. His father, who was one of the early settlers of Ohio, was a miller by trade, but after settling in this State devoted his time to farming. Our subject was raised aS' a farmer and since eighteen years of age has followed that occupation successfully in this town- ship. At one time he owned 445 acres of land, but having given some to his children he now only owns 200 acres. He is a Democrat in politics. In 1848, he married Elizabeth Rench, who- was born in Mi„mi County, Ohio, March 9, 1826 ; she is a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Will- iams) Rench, natives of Ohio, of German descent. Htr father was a fainier who settled in Claibourne Township in 1844. By ibis union fourteen children were born, of whom seven now survive, viz.: J. L., a farmer of Jackson Township ; Margaret, wife of Cyrus Stamats; William, a farmer; Joanna, wife of Penrose Wiley; Orlando, a farmer; David F., a farmer and Susan; Ella, the two latter living at home unmarried. Mr,*i. Fish is a member of the Disciples Church, and the owner of 245 acres of land in her own right, on which she resides. Mr. Fish also owns a good farm which he now cultivates. BEN.JAMIN S. FISHER, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fayette County, Penn., October 4, 1808, and was a son of Enoch and Elizabeth (Stevens) Fisher, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer and teamster by occupation and came to the Northwest Teniiory in 1800, settling at Mount Vernon. He was under Gen. Anthony Wayne three years in the Indian war, and lived to the remarkable old age of one hun- dred and one years. Our subject was raised on the farm in the wilderness of early Ohio and never had an opportunity of receiving any education. His father being in poor circumst!,nces, he started out in life with nothing and entirely dependent on his own exertion for his success in life. He has been a life-long farmer and has cleared three farms in Claibourne Township where he has resided since 1836, and where he accumulated a handsome fortune, the greater part of which he has already placed in the hands of his posterity. He began farming for himself at the age of twenty and retired at the age of sixty, having spent forty years to a day in tilling the soil. In 1829, he married Catharine Cramer, by whom he had eleven children, viz.: Larkins D., a farmer in this township ; Sarah J., deceased wife of J. J. Thompson ; Elizabeth Ellen, wife of R. Farrier ; Sisson S., wife of James Merriott; William ; Margaret, wife of Morris Hill, of Rich- wood ; Michael, deceased ; Mary, wife of John S. Phillips; George 0.; Malissa, wife of Frank Gill; and Viola, wife of W. W. Brokaw. Mr. Fisher has given his children $18,000 to start them in life. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has filled the office of trustee in the Church at Richwood. He is a Democrat in politics. Mrs Fisher was born April 30, 1812 ; she had two brothers in the war of that year. 618 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY WILiLIAM FISHf]R, farmer, P. 0. RichwooJ, was born in 1827, and is a son of Enoch and Elizabeth (Stevens) Fisher, the former a life-long farmer, and one of the early settlers of Ohio. Our subject was raised on a farm, and received a common school education. When of suitable age, he learned the carpenter's trnde, which he followed until fifty years of age. He came to this county in 1837, and settled in Ricliwood, v/here he married Margaret Graham, by whom he has had eight children, viz.: Sarah L., Harriet M., wife of Elijah Lester; Martha C., wife of H. C. Moffitt ; Margaret A., wite of Charles N. Biddle ; Thomas B., Samuel P., Benjamin and John. i\Ir:'. Fisher died January 2;], 1880 ; she was a member of the M. E Church, and a consistant Christian woman. Mr. Fisher is also a member of the Methodist Church. He is a Republican in politics, and now owns eighty-nine acres of choice land, on which he resides. W. M. FISHER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born March 27, 1838, he is the son of Ben- jamin S. and Catherine (Cramer) Fisher, who came to this county in 1836, and now resides in Richwood. The grandfather of our subject came to Ohio in 180U, and settled in Knox County. He was a soldier under Gen. Anthony Wayne, and lived to be one hundred and one years of age. Our subject received a common school education, and has been a farmer most of his life, with the exception of two years spent in the clothing business at Richwood. He is the owner of a good farm in this township on which he resides. He was married, in 1866, to Mary Miller, by whom he has four children, viz., Frederick, Winfred, Gertrude and Albert E. Mrs. Fisher is a member of the M. £. Church in Richwood. Mr. Fisher is a Democrat, in politics. GEORGE 0. FISHER, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O. Richwood, was born in Claibourne Township Union Co., May 25, 1847, and is a son of Benjamin S. Fisher, whose sketch ap- pears in this work. He was educated in his native township, and brought up to farming, which he has followed through life. He was married in 1870, to Mary E. Kinney, daughter of Israel Kinney, whose sketch also appears in this volume. This union has been blesi-ed with two children, viz.: Charles F. and Herbert J. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher are members of the Meth- odist Church, and he is steward in the church at Richwood. In politics, he is an unflinching Prohibitionist. He owns a farm of fifty-two acres of land with good improvements, on which stands a neat and substantial residence. JOHN FLESHER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, Febru- ary 20, 1820, and is a son of Henry and Frances (Burgess) Flesher, the former a native of Vir- ginia and the latter of Ohio. Our subject was raised on a farm, and received a common school education. He followed farming with his father until 1865, when he came to Union County and settled in Claibourne Township, on the farm he now occupies. He owns 164J acres of land, fifty of it in Jackson Township, all of which he has made by his personal labor. On August 15, 1844, he married Lainey Haines, a native of Ohio, ot Dutch descent, by whom he has had eight chil- dren, viz.: George W., deceased; Mary F., wife of S. H. Snowden; Landora S., deceased; Emma J., wife of James W. Shultz ; Susannah, deceased ; A. A., deceased ; Walter L. and Arthur S. Mr. and Mrs. Flesher are members of ihe Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a class leader forty years. He has also been a trustee and superintendent of the Sabbath school. S. S. GARDINER, attorney at law and dealer in real estate, office next door to the post office, Richwood, Ohio. JAMES W. GASTON, of the firm of Farris & Son, proprietors of the Beem House, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, January 1, 1852, and is a son of John and Lucretia (Crawford) Gaston, natives of Ohio. His father was a teacher by profession, and followed that < cupation with more than ordinary success most of his life. He taught principally in Delaware (. i a local preacher, and then, on .June 15, 1844, he was recommended by the same Quarterly C n- ference as a suitable person to be received by the Annual Conference into the itinerant minis ry of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In August of the same year, his recommendation was 'i • sented to the North Ohio Conference at its session in Canal Dover, and he was received acco'd- ing to the rules of the church, and appointed as junior preacher on Port Jeftersou Circuit, with Rev. C. B. Brandeberry as his senior, and Rev. S. P. Shaw as his Presiding Elder. He speno one year in this work, he trusts with some profit to the people, and much satisfaction to himself. At the next conference, which met in Marion, Ohio, August, 1845, he was appointed in charge of Van Wert Circuit. This work was composed of eight appointments, to be filled once in two weeks. This people had for their places in which to meet for worship four private houses in which families lived, one small court house in Van Wert, two log schoolhouses and one small frame building, which was erected in Delphos for a board kiln. At this time the country was new, the houses all log cabins but a very few, the roads not improved, the people just beginning to cUar up their farms, and, of course, the fare was coarse, but the welcome was hearty and cordial. And when the time for week day preaching came round, the people could leave their work — even the harvest field — to go to meeting, and their young minister n^ver spent a happier year in his life than the one on this (then) wilderness circuit. After his year closed at Van Wert, he was appointed in charge of Kalida Mission, in Putnam County, with Jacob S. Albright for his col- league in labors. This field was very much like the last one described, only there was one partly finished church in it, and the roads were worse, the rides longer, and the fare no better. The people, however, were kind, cordial, hospitable and loved the means of grace. There was considerable interest manifested in this work; a number of persons were converted and added to the church. He and his co-laborer worked harmoniously together, and ever afterwar 1 were friends. From Kalida, our young minister went next to Stillwater Mission, which included Fort Recovery and the region round about. This was a hard field of labor ; the country thinly settled, roads bad, rides long, exposure great, health not good and pay very small. Still there was some enjoyment, and some success. Rev. R. D. Oldfield was his colleague in this work. During this year, 1848, he became acquainted with Miss Jane G. McKee, of Hillgrove, Darke Co., Ohio, who afterward, on August 25, A. D. 1850, became his wife. Their marriage con- tract was solemnized by Rev. Joseph Wykes, in the church in Hillgrove, in the presence of the congregation, on Sunday afternoon of the above date. This union proved to be a h&ppy one : and now, after thirty-two years of married life, they both approve the choice they made. From Stillwater Mission, Mr. Graham was appointed, in August, 1848, to Lima Circuit, with Rev. S. Fant. as his senior in office. This was a pleasant year in his life, and his labors, with those of his colleague, were very successful. .Almost two hundred were converted to God, and united with the church. But I find, if 1 undertake to give the most condensed sketch of this minis- terial life of thirty-nine y^ars, and more it will be extended to too great a length for the pres- ent purpose 1 will therefore close this account by giving a summary of work: He spent one year as a local preacher ; fifteen years on circuits ; twenty years on stations and half-stations ; CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 623 and four years, from I860 to 1864, on Findlay District, as Presiding Elder In all of which places he enjoyed the blessings of God. And now, when gray hairs are upon him, and nioro than sixty years of his life are past, he feels not a single regret that he entered the work of the Christian vjinistrv when he did, and that he has continued in it till the present. I. H. GrvAHA:N[, farmer, P. O. Kichwood, was born in Union County, Ohio, April 26, 1842; he is son of J. P. and Eliza (Healey) (iraham, natives of Washington County, Penn., who were among the early settlers of Claibourne Township. Our subject was raised on his father's farm and receive*! a good English education. He learned the trade of a tanner, which he followed for seven years, during early life, but since that lime he has devoted his time exclusively to farming. He owns a good farm of 106 acres, on which stands a nice brick residence and other improvements, all of which he has accumulated by his own industry. He is a cultivated gentle- man of pleasing manners and a good farmer. In 1862, he married Emma Lowe, a native of Vir- ginia, of English descent, by whom he has three children, viz.: Isaac E., Eliza B. and Emery E. The parents are members of the Disciples Church, in which Mr. Graham is a Deacon. During the war, he was a volunteer to assist in repelling Morgan in his raid through Ohio. REV. WILLIAM HAMILTON, deceased. The subjectof thissketch was so interwoven with the history and develofiment of the northeast part of Union County, that a history of the county would not be complete without a somewhat extended notice of his career. It is ascertained, without question, that he descended from a family of Ilamiltons in Scotland, who for centuries have been prominent in giving shape to the politics, religion and literature of that far-famed part of Christian civilization. At what particular time his ancesters moved to America is not known. When they did, they settled in the State of Maryland, near the city of Baltimore, in Baltimore County. The name is still familiar in that State. Its present Governor is a Hamilton; whether he is of the same family has not been ascertained. William Hamilton, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born near Baltimore about the year 1760, and married Susanna Brown, who was connected with an old pioneer family of the State of Maryland. In the year 1789, the two last named moved from the State of Maryland to Virgini.a, and settled near Morgantown, Monongalia County (now West Virginia), and in moving passed through a part of Pennsylvania, and while on this journey, and passing through Pennsylvania, the suV)ject of this notice was born May 1, 1789. In the year 1806, in company with his parents, he moved to Ohio and settled in Hopewell Township, Muskingum County, and took an active part in clearing a farm in what was then a wilderness country. He remained with his parents until the year 1810, when he married Hannah Ewing, who lived near Zanesville, and moved to land in Licking County, where he cleared a farm that proves to be the spot where the village of Gratiot has been built. During the war of 1812, he was drafted, but having a wife whose health was feeble, he hired a substitute and raised the money to pay him by selling oats at 6'j cents per bushel. About the year 1815, he moved into jMuskingum Township, Muskingum County, on lands uncleared, but by h's own hands he soon surrounded himself with a well-improved farm. It was here his first wife died, October 2, 1819, leaving four children. She had been a faithful companion, a good Christian and died in peace, and is buried near the village of Irville in the same county. March. 9, 1820, he married Lydia Springer, who belonged to a family that moved from the State of Delaware to near Zanesville, in Muskingum County, in the year 1806. His residence on this farm continued until the year 1836, when it was sold and in the fall of that year he moved to a farm six miles east of Newark, in Licking County. While residing here, he yurchnsed of Cadwalader Wallace, of Chillicothe, an unbroken tract of land in the north- east part of Union County, situated near the village of Richwood, in Claibourne Township. The purchase was to be a thousand acres more or less, and when it was surveyed there proved to be fifteen hundred and ten. In thespring of 1838, he moved with his family to this land. It seemed like a formidable undertaking to subdue as heavy a forest as covered it, but a man that had so often and long contended with the forests of Ohio could not be discouraged. His family had in- creased until he had ten sons, strong and well, not all grown it is true; but he could furnish in his own family what was equal to five hands. AVith these and some hired assistance from the first, he cleared ground sufficient, as the seasons rolled round, to produce enough to support his large family, and have something to spare for the support of others. In a few years, he raised suflScient corn to supply destitute families for miles around. So numerous were the applications lor it, that his excellent wife used to say that it made her think of the time of Joseph disliursing corn in Egypt. A circumstance occurred about this time that caused some anxiety in the family. John W., now of Columbus, was sent to Millville on the Scioto with the last grist of wheat before harvest. Some 25 bushels were placed in a wagon drawn by a span of two large oxen. John had arrived at the mill in the evening and spent the night at the mill, fastening the oxen^to a tree. During the night, his grist was ground, so that on the com- ing morning he started homeward. He had fed the oxen, but had not watered them. All went well until he arrived a few hundred yards above the breast of the dam, when the oxen saw the water, and in spite of all eflforts of the driver to prevent it, plunged down a steep bank into the river, and the force in running down the bank pushed the oxen into deep water, where the 624 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. wagon came uncoupled and they swam out with the fore wheels, leaving John and his grist in the river. It was an unpleasant position for a boy, and one that, without help, he could not ex- tricate himself. Charles Arthur, as noble a man as lives, was in hailing distance, who soon mus- tered a force of men that relieved .John from his trouble and started him homeward. He arrived in due time, and reported his misfortune. It was supposed that all was ruined, and a feeling of gloom rested upon the family, as much as was embraced in that grist could not be obtained nearer than Delaware County, and money was scarce, and so many to be fed. It was a great re lief when an examination showed that the flour was safe; not more than one pound to the sack was spoiled. The great desire of Mr. Hamilton was to have his family settled around him, and he now had enough land to give them all a portion, and have as much for himself as he cared to have, but such plans are like to be overthrown, and so they were in this case as the history will show. The country being new, there was no hotel near, hence his house was the home of friends and strangers who came into the country, for years. He entertained all who came, without com- pensation. He was a surveyor, and would take his compass and chain and spend day after day with men, helping them determine the boundaries of their lands, and many times without com- pensation. Few men have ever shown less selfishness than he did. He was a pioneer in the true sense of the word. The whole of the former part of his life had been that of a pioneer, and he brought the same spirit to Union County. About the year 1815, he had been authorized to preach the Gospel in the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and labored extensively as a local preacher in Muskingum and Licking Counties. In the year 1828, he became an uncompromising advocate of reform in the government of that church, and when expulsions occurred in Baltimore, Lynchburg, Cincinnati, and at other points simply for advocating lay delegation in the Annual and General Conferences of the church, his sympathies were with the reformers, and when the expelled petitioned in vain for re-admission into the church, only asking the right of free discussion, and were forced to organize a new church, he united with them, and came into the Methodist Protestant Church with its organization. This change made him a pioneer in the new organization and with firm resolution and determined spirit he entered upon the work of i^lautiug the new church in the counties of Muskingum, Licking, Knox and Coshocton. He preached almost every Sabbath, sometimes traveling long distances to meet his appointments. In the year 1830, for a part of one year he traveled a circuit reaching into Licking and Knox Counties, with Rev. W. B. Evans, and the savor of his Christian influence still remains with the few now living who still have a recollecti(m of him. When he moved to Union County, there was a wide opening for his services. He, besides preaching at times in Rich wood, where his family attended divine serv- ice, was often called to preach on the Scioto, Rush Creek, Fulton Creek, Boax Creek and some- times into Logan and Clark Counties. His commanding form, his distinct and warm utterances, and his genial, social spirit, made him welcome wherever he went as a preacher. His services were often in demand to preach at funerals and perform marriage ceremonies. He traveled at one time on horseback, from near Zanesville to Cincinnati, to attend one of the first conferences of his denomination. And a num- ber of times served as delegate to the Ohio Annual Conference. He traveled thousands of miles and preached thousands of sermons, and performed all his ministerial duties except marrying without a cent's compensation. And during all this time gave to the support of other ministers. In the erection of a plain howed-log church in Richwood, he took a prominent part. When stoves were needed, it was an impossibility to raise money with which to purchase them. He and his neighbor, Samuel Graham, each took a load of wheat to Granville, in Licking County, and exchanged the wheat for stoves. When it was determined to build a new church, he was foremost in his contributions for that purpose. The improvement and development of the country greatly improved his circumstances. For years, in order to raise money fo?' tax and other absolute necessities, he journeyed to Lake Erie to find a market; this would require a week's steady travel. In the course of time, with three hundred acres of improved land, he found at his door one of the best markets in Central Ohio for all his products. With these advantages, he was prepared for the enjoyment of life, so far as worldly advantages were concerned, but advanced years brought with it affliction that caused at times a great deal of sulTering. His affliction of mind was augmented by death entering the family and removing Benjamin^ Susan and Thomas. .June 12, 1864, his wife died, after faithfully sharing the trials of life with him for forty-four years. After the death of his wife, he lived with Horatio and George at and near the old homestead, occasionally making visits to other members of his family in Illinois and in different parts of Ohio. He loved company and was usually cheerful and happy. When alone, he would think of the ilear friends that had died, and long to be with them. He closed his earthly career calmly and peacefully, August 8, 1867, in his own home, sur- rounded with the families of Horatio, George and Newton. Thus closed the career of a man of more than ordinary intellectual powers and force of char- acter. His father had been a man of deep piety and strong mind. His oldest brother, Benjamin CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 625 Hamilton, was a Lieutenant under Capt. Brady, the great Indian scout, when he explored the Muskingum Valley. The husband of his oldest sister, Rev. Robert Manly, is spoken of by Rev. James Quinn, in the AVestern Christian Advocate for 1835, as the first Methodist preacher that ever preached the Gospel in what is now the State of Ohio. A younger brother, Rev. Samuel Hamilton, was a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of marked ability. These facts in- dicate an origin and surrounding that furnish an idea of the elements that entered into his char- acter. William Hamilton, in the prime of his manliood, showed powers that under more favorable circumstances for their development would have placed him by the side of the strongest men of the country. He was a man of decided convictions in politics, and as an old Whig had been elected, in the year 1830, Commissioner of Muskingum County. In the year 184G, he was elected as a Repub- lican Commissioner of Union County. He served as magistrate a number of years, and filled all public trusts committed to his care with fidelity. As a preacher, he declared with coldness his convictions. At one time he was called upon to preach the funeral of a lewd woman that had died. He asked to be excused, stating that a sense of duty would prompt him to be very plain, if he did ; the relatives said they would receive what he said without offense, and insisted that he should preach. He did so, using as a text Rev., ii, 21: "I gave her space to repent of her fornication; and she repented not;" the truth was plain- ly presented, but a tenderness of feeling and sympathy always attended his utterances, so that he seldom gave offense. He was a man that often labored in communities, where there was but little respect for religion or its teachers, but his boldness and suavity of manners would soon command the respect of the most uncultivated hearer. In dealing with his fellow-men, he was honest to the cent, and never did any man more fully despise deception and dishonesty than he. When he detected men in dishonest acts, he had the courage to confront them, and tell them plainly of it. He said to a man in his employ, and living on his land, "You know that 1 know you stole my corn, and that you stole your neighbor's ax." This he would do in a plain, emphatic manner, and his appearance would disarm the man of resentment. He was possessed of excellent conversational powers; many homes were made cheer- ful by his rich store of anecdotes, and when friends visited him, he would entertain them in a style not easily forgotten. When Salmon P. Chase was a candidate for Governer of Ohio, on his way from Marysville to Marion, he spent a night at Mr. Hamilton's, and so well was he enter- tained with his hospitality and conversation, that ever after, when he would meet any of the fam- ily, he would make diligent inquiry as to the health of his friend, and then speak of the pleas- ure he experienced in his company. His example impressed men. In cases where he needed help from neighbors, he never sup- plied spirits as an inducement. Others maintained the same position, [and the example was fol- lowed throughout the entire community, so that for years no encouragement was given to the sale of liquors in Richwood, and it was not to be procured for miles around. A communion service was to be had in Richwood, and the writer, when a boy, was sent to Millville, in Delaware County, to procure wine for the occasion, because it could not be obtained nearer. His example on this question had great iniiuence with his family. He had ten sons; all lived to mature years; not one of them ever used liquor as a beverage, but all became strong advocates of temperance, and not more than three of them ever used tobacco. AVe might add page after page in placing before the reader traits of character and interest- ing incidents in the life of this pioneer citizen and preacher, but space will not allow. It has now been over fifteen years since he passed away from earth. Anew generation has largely come up- on the stage with a tendency to forget the men and women who cleared away the forests and pre- pared the way for the homes they now occupy. It is true his resting place in the Richwood Cemetery, near the Bethlehem Church, in Claibourne Township, is marked by a humble marble slab, but as a token of regard for one deserving to be had in everlasting remembrance for a worthy Christian life and for the many heroic deeds that life presents, this tribute to his mem- ory is offered. William Hamilton was the father of twelve children, two daughters and ten sons; the oldest and youngest were daughters. Elizabeth, daughter of William and Hannah Hamilton, was born in Licking County March 5, 1812, and with her parents moved to Muskingum County when a child. She married .Jacob C. Sidle in 1834, and about the year 1850 moved to Union County, and, with her husband, set- tled in Claibourne Township, where they became extensively known, and had many friends. She is the mother of seven children, one remarkable feature is that she had three sets of twins. Jacob Sidle died June 10, 1876. After the lapse of some time, she married Gideon Wickham, of Newark, Ohio, and is now living in that city, at the age of seventy years. Two of her children are dead, and five living. Samuel, oldest son of William and Hannah Hamilton, was born in Licking County April 5, 1814. He was reared in Muskingum County, at farming as a pursuit, married Nancy McMorris, of same county, moved to Union County in the year 1840. and settled on a part of the purchase made by his father, and remained until the year 1854, when he moved to the State of Illinois 626 • HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. and is now li%'ing in Marsliall County, that State. He has been married the second time, having by his first wife seven children, four sons, and three daughters; one son is dead, one a farmer, and two lawyers ; John M., is at this writing Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. His second wife, formerly Harriet Gray nee Rodman, died May IG, 1882, and was buried near Zanesville. He is now in liis sixty-ninth year. William McKendre, second son of William and Hannah Hamilton, was born in Muskingum County October 13, 1816. At an early period, he went to Zanesville, to learn the tailoring trade, where he spent six years and became an accomplished workman in his line. He continued this business for a number of years, but at length he became interested in trade. For some years he did business for Daniel Brush as a partner. This partnership finally closed, having given perfect satisfaction to Mr. Brush, and been the means of greatly increasing the property of both. He is living in Wenona, Marshall Co., 111., in good circumstances, and is actively engaged in the business of life. His latest enterprise is that of sinking a shaft for coal, at a heavy expense. He is plain and unassuming in manner, but understands the laws of trade, and has been remarkably successful. Pie married Rebecca Burns, of his adopted State, and has a family that is greatly respected. He gave at one time $10,000 toward the endow- ment of a college at Adrian, Mich. He is well preserved and has a fair prospect of living many years to enjoy life and bless his fellow-man. He is now in his sixty-seventh year. Benjamin Manley, third son of William and Hannah Hamilton, was born January 2, 1819, in Muskingum County. His mother died October 2, following, leaving him an infant of less than ten months ; helpless it is true, but he was tenderly cared for and grew to manhood, and was the oldest of the ten sons of William Hamilton that moved into Union County, and shared in opening the farm so widely known as the Hamilton farm. About the year 1812, he married Abigail Graham, daughter of John Graham, Sr.,for many years a resident of Union County. Soon after his marriage, he moved to land received from his fither, and had himself to reclaim the wilderness and made it a fruitful field. He continued this work until February 7, 1859, when he was suddenly killed by the running away of a team of horses. He left a family of five children ; the oldest, William, is now living in Van Wert County, Ohio, and has authority to preach in the United Brethren Church. Benjamin, was a con- scientious Christian man, and died at the age of forty years. This was the first death among the children of William Hamilton. Cornelius Springer. (See biography in tliis book.) John Waterman, second son of William and Lydia Hamilton, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, June 7, 182.3, and was fifteen years old when his father moved into Union County. He shared in the labors and trials endured by the family consequent upon making a home in the wilderness. His habits were studious, and though denied the privilege of any other school ad- vantages, except one term in Granville College, than such as were aflForded in three or four months school in winter, he had advanced far enough to teach school at the age of sixteen. This he did successfully in the village of Richwood, in the winter of 1838-39. He afterward taught a select school in Marysville, in the basement of the old Presbyterian Church, and taught at different points in Muskingum County. The object was to supply himself with means for the prosecution of studies in the medical profession. He commenced the study of this profession, under Dr. Beal- rnear, in the village of Irville, Muskingum County, and continued it under the instructions of Dr. Knight, of the same county. He taught school and studied meilicine until his means were sufficient to enable him to attend lectures. This he did at Willoughby Medical College, near Cleve- land, where he graduated, in the year 1847. In the year 1848, he married Rachel Werden, who resided near Cleveland, and commenced the practice of medicine on the Scioto, a few miles above Columbus. He continued here a few years, and moved to Akron, where he remained but for a short lime, and went to New York City to obtain hospital advantages. After remaining there for some months, he returned to Columbus in the year 1853, and now for thirty-three years he has devoted himself entirely to his profession. For twenty-five or more years he has filled a professor's chair and most of the time tlie chair of surgery. This position he now occupies, and is tlie acknowledged au- thority on surgery in all Central Ohio. He has performed some of the most critical operations ever periormed in the State, and is justlj' placed by the profession in the front rank. In early life, he was tall and slender in form, but has increased in flesh until he how weighs 300 pounds. With his own means, he erected what is known as Columbus Medical College, near his spacious dwelling in the city of Columbus, and so lucrative has been his profession, and is at the present time, that he has ample means of enjoying ease and comfort; but such are the demands for his services that he could not lay aside his work if he should desire to do so. He has two sons, one a graduate of Gam))ier College, and ihe other a student at Princeton, that he is training for same profession. He is now in his sixtieth year. Joseph Harrison, third son of William and Lydia Hamilton, was born in Muskingum County July 23, 1826, and moved to Union County at the age of twelve years. Though not full grown, he could render material help in the work of clearing up the farm. He could drive the oxen, burn the brush, plow and hoe the corn, bring the cows from the forest pasture, and was the first to carry the mail from Richwood to Marysville and return. In the winter of 1841, he and a number of associates made a profession of religion, and united with the Methodist Protestant CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 627 Clmrch. In the spring of 1843, his church gave him authority to speak to the people on the subject of religion. He spent tbe week in labor on the farm, and on Sabbath he visited points at schoolhouses and in tlie cabins of the settlers to hold religious services. His educational ad- vantages were limited to the winter school, except a three months' select school conducted by his brother John in Marysville. February 17, 1844, his church authorized him to preach the •Gospel, and in August, of the same year, he united with the JNIuskingum Annual Conference, with the view of making the ministry his life work. He has now spent almost thirty-nine years in the ministry, during which time he has performed an unusual amount of labor, preaching a con- siderable part of the time three times on the Sabbath, and often during the week time, but in the thii'ty-nine years has only been off duty four Sabbaths in consequence of sickness. He has preached in Muskingum and Licking County five years, Coshocton four, Lancaster two, Circle- ville two, Steubenville five. New Comerstown one, McConnelsville two, served as President of his conference one year, and has preached in Mt. Vermon and Knox County for nearly seventeen years. During his residence in Knox County, he has attended over 400 funerals, and mai-ried over 400 couples. Hundreds have been added to the church through his in- strumentality. He often delivers addresses on different subjects that find a place in print. On the 31st day of August, 1848, he married Charlotta M. Rodman, near Zanesville. They have three children, one son and two daughters, all live in iNIt. Vernon. The son is a printer, and for three years was publisher of the Mt. Vernon Republican, while the father was editor and proprietor. He is now in his fifty-seventh year, and performs the labor ordinarily per- formed by two men. Isaac N. Hamilton. (See biography in this book.) HORATIO COX HAMILTON was born near Irville,MuskingumCo.,Ohio,September 24, 1830, and was named after .Judge Horatio Cox, who was then a merchant of Irville, but who now lives in Columbus, Ohio. He came with the rest of his father's family to Union County, and landed in Richwood on the evening of the 3d day of April, 1838. The family lived that sum- mer in town, while the father and older boys were employed in building a house and arranging for the future. Horatio, with his two brothers — Norton, who was older, and George, who was younger — were sent to school to Matildy Manson, who taught in the old log schoolhouse on the lot now occupied by C. W. Huffman as a residence ; they were also required to carry dinner to those who were at work clearing the farm, etc., so that each forenoon, after intermission, they went home and got a good-sized market-basket full, and made the trip from town to the point where the men were at work, which is the same as where the house of G. B. Hamilton now ^stands, and after delivering their load of provisions they would return to the school for the af- ternoon. When one thinks that it was then an unbroken forest with only a path, and that the average age of the three was only seven and a halt years, it savors of real romance. Horatio remained with his father, and worked, as all farmer boys did in those days, for nine or ten months of the year, going to school from forty to sixty days each winter, until the winter of 1848-49, when he taught school in the Lenox District. The following winter he taught in Rich- wood, and had to assume the relationship of teacher to the same children and scholars with whom he formerly went to school and with whom he had played and frolicked. Some idea of the labor performed may be had when it is remembered that the school averaged fifty-six for the term, and for the last two months perhaps seventy or more, and that every one brought what- ever book or books they could find about the house or borrow of a neighbor, so that it was im- possible to classify the school. In the fall of 1851, and after he was of age, Horatio concluded that he would add somewhat to his educational advantages, and for this purpose he went to Delaware and matriculated and entered upon a college lite ; but it was of short duration and amounted to two terms of six or eight days each, so that he is what he himself calls a two-term graduate. In the spring of 1853, he left his father and went to Cleveland, and employed himself to H. G. 0. Carey, to travel and sell his medicines, the main article of which was Borrell's Indian Liniment. The first six months were spent in canvassing Eastern and Southern Ohio. In the fall of the same year, he was sent to West Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. For four years he continued to travel from place to place, loading at Chicago, ^Milwaukee, Madison, Ga- lena, Rock Island, Peoria, La Fayette and Indianapolis. This gave him a very extensive knowl- edge of the West, and enabled him to direct others to such places as they could get good land at Congress price. The result is that very many families are now in the West, and have homes to -which they were directed by him. He also took advantage of his knowledge of the West, and invested the first thousand dollars he ever earned in land in Black Hawk County, Iowa, getting for $1,000, 859 acres of as good land as a bird ever flew over, and from which he realized a comfortable fortune. It may be well to go back and say that in the summer of 1853, while at his uncle's, Irenias Springer's, he chanced to meet a little school-girl who was destined to be a partner in his successes and failures. Her name was Edmonia Dawson, a daughter of Dr. Nelson Dawson (deceased), of Putnam, Ohio. Horatio C. Hamilton and Edmonia Dawson were married in Davenport, Iowa, June 3, 1866. In the spring of 1857 they settled on their land in Black Hawk •County, Iowa, andduring the summer built a house and broke 120 acres of land. In the fall of the same year the panic struck Iowa, and its wild-cat money went down and became worthless, and with 628 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. it came ruin to almost everybody and everything in Iowa. Corn, wheat, oats and potatoes fell in price from $1.25 to a mere nominal price. This. With other things, caused them to leave Iowa and return to Ohio. In the fall of 1861, they came to live with his father — Monia to take care of the house and Horatio the farm. When the second call for volunteers was made in 1862, he was ap- pointed by Gov. Tod to recruit the quota of Union County, under said call. His commission was dated July 21, 1862, and on the 6th day of August he bad one full company and quite a number who were assigned to other companies, principally to Capt. Lawrence's company, of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On the 7th of August, he was elected Captain of the company that was organized, and as such was assigned to the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer In- fantry. The regiment was sent to Kentucky and assigned to the command of Brig. Gen. S. G. Burbridge, and the brigade was attached to Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith's division of the Thirteenth Army Corps. The regiment reached Kentucky on the 1st day of September, 1862. It will be remembered that at this time there was a sentiment among the new recruits that slaves and slave property were being wrongfully protected by the army, and that it was no part of a sol- dier's duty to protect rebel property, and catch and return slaves to their masters. It began to be noticed that negroes were turned out of our lines with an ever-increasing degree of reluc- tance ; also that Capt. Hamilton was the friend of the oppressed, and that he did not always obey an order to do so inhuman a thing as to turn a fellow-man over to his rebel master, even in obedience to a positive command of a senior officer. Finally a boy, some fourteen years of age, came into the camp of the Ninety-sixth Ohio, at Nicholasville, Ky., calling himself William Clay, and reporting that his master was a rebel, and that he had thrown an ax at him (Billy), and that he wanted protection. He found a friend in Capt. Hamilton, and remained with him, as a servant, for some time, until the army was ordered to move to Louisville. On the way, and as it passed through Versailles, a person dressed in the uniform of a Union soldier came, representing himself as being on Maj. Gen. A. J. Smith's staff, and that as such he ordered Capt. Hamilton to deliver the boy Billy to him to be turned over to the jailer as an escaped slave. This he refused to do unless the order came in writing from Gen. Smith in the ordinary way, being countersigned by Gen. Burbridge and Col. I. W. Vance of the Ninety-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This the fellow refused to get, but notified him that he would be back in fifteen minutes with a detachment of soldiers, and that he would take the boy by force. Upon this the Captain turned to his company and told them that if it was going to be a question of force, that they might load their guns and prepare for the aflfray. That order the company made haste to execute, and as they did so one company after another did the same, until, as far as one could see, the road seemed to glisten with the light of the sun as it was reflected by several thousand ramrods which were being used to send home the ball that was intended to perforate the hide of any man who would attempt to take Billy by force. The effect of this preparation was that the staff officer gave up his notion of taking the boy by force at that timp. but notified the Captain that the affair would be deferred till evening, at which time the boy would be taken by force and the Captain put under arrest for disobedience of orders. This kept the matter brewing in the minds of the soldiers. As soon as the army was encamped for the night, the soldiers held an impromptu meeting, at which speeches were made and resolutions passed approving the course of Capt. Hamilton, and resolving that they would stand by him in the death. A committee was appointed to inform him of their purpose, and he was soon waited on by a soldier who made known their action to him, and requested that if any move should be made to take the boy by force, that immediate notice should be given to the officers and soldiers whose names were found on a card which was handed to the Captain. This upris- ing of the soldiers, occasioned by the refusal of Capt. Hamilton to give up the boy Billy, had the effect to stop all effort in the Army of Kentucky to arrest or return slaves to their masters. On reaching Louisville, the army was ordered to go to Memphis and Vicksburg. The boy could not be taken, and the only thing that could be done was either to let him loose in Kentucky, to Ije seized upon and returned to slavery, or to send him home to Ohio. The latter the Captain chose to do, but had to force his way across the river for fear of arrest; but he finally reached New Albany, Ind., and bought a railroad ticket to Marysville for the boy, paying for it all the money he had and going $1.25 in debt. When the boy reached Richwood, it set everything in commotion. Some approved of the course pursued by the Captain, others condemned. The party in opposition called a meeting, and resolved that the "nigger" should not be permitted to stay, and that they would return him to his master, etc. They also resolved that Capt. Hamilton should not be permitted to return to Richwood. The matter got into all the papers of the State, and of other States as well. Letters came to the Captain from every quai-ter, some approving and some disapproving his course. One man, who was given to understanding the force of what he said, wrote him that it was sup- posed that an effort would be made to take the boy by force and send him back to Ken- tucky, but he said that the Captain need not be alarmed, for that many thousands of men were armed and ready for any move that might be made to return tlie boy. Billy Clay and H. C. Hamilton both live in Richwood at this time, and this story would not have been told if it had not been for the fact of its having had so important a part in the war CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 631 in overthrowing the slave power, and in developing liberal and Christian sentiment at home* During the winter of 1862-63, while with Sherman's army, Capt. Hamilton conti-acted a nervous disease, the external evidence of which appeared as a cutaneous disease called lepra, from the effect of which he became spotted as a leopard. In August following, he resigned his office of Captain and came home, since which time he has been a resident of Union County. He was prospered in business, and bought and paid for the Hamilton homestead, and was supposed to be a man of wealth until the panic of 1873, when, by bad management and security debts, he became involved, and sold his property a-t a low figure and paid his debts. His wife, Edmonia, was taken from him by death on January 29, 1877. On March 4, 1879, he was married to Miss Molly Kendall, and they now live together in the village of Kichwood. In tlie mean time, he partially regained his health as well as property, and bids fair for long life and future usefulness. In religious matters, he is somewhat peculiar, and cares nothing for the religion that one feels but goes his last dollar on the religion that one does. GEORGE B. HAMILTON, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, February 12, 1833, and is a son Rev. William and Lydia (Springer) Hamilton, the former of English and Scotch, the latter of Swiss descent. His parents came to Union County, April 8, 1838, and settled on the farm and built the house where their son, George, now resides. Mr. Hamilton was educated in a log schoolhouse in Claibourne Township, where he applied himself with such diligence as enabled him in after years to teach. Being one of those persons who are ever in the process of education, whether in the school-room, on the farm, or in business, he has obtained such a practical education as enables him to be of great public usefulness wherever placed. Indeed, few men, with even better advantages, have equal ability with him to make an intelligent, off-hand address, on any subject or occasion, that may interest the better class of people in the community. In consequence of this, he has been variously intrusted with public offices and interests in the township and county in which he lives. But having little or no de- sire for public life or honors, he has, by preference, devoted himself to farming, as his life's work. In this he has had such success as gives him a handsome home farm of 886 acres,, besides other lands and village property. On November 19, 1857, he married Marian Hamilton, a native of Scotland, where her ancestry connected her with John Knox and the Reformation — a daughter of Rev. William and Marian Hamilton, Sr., her father being of identically the same name as her husband's father, but without kinship between them; and to make the seeming identity more striking, both fathers were ministers in the same State — Ohio, of the same de- nomination — Methodist Protestant Church, and still further, both had sons named John and Will- iam. The married life of Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton has been, at all times, most happy, and re- sulted in three children, two daughters, Clara A. and Marian G., and one son, George H., the oldest of whom, Clara, is now attending the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. Mrs. Hamilton was blessed with a brilliant mind, a retentive memory, and a keen perception of the beautiful in literature and morals, and with such intellectual equipment, she was ever able to make home attractive and happy, and to impart to her children a rich heritage of this character. Nor did she lavish her gifts on home alone, but was an ornament to the society in which she moved, and was a useful and active member of the Methodist Protestant Church, to which she belonged from the age of fourteen years till her death, October 18, 1882, a period of about thirty-three years. Mr. Hamilton is also a member of the same church, having joined it in his boyhood. Besides being a most active and zealous member of the local church at Richwood, he is one of the most prominent laymen of his denomination in Ohio, having been repeatedly a delegate to the Ohio Annual Conference, and twice a lay representative to j^the General Confer- ence. In addition to giving hearty support to the local and general interests of his church, Mr. Hamilton has a quiet mode of benevolence, the details of which are scarcely known to any but himself and his God. With an eye upon superficials alone, your informant feels that he risks nothing as to fact, when he intimates that many are the poor who have been his beneficiaries, in various ways adapted to their relief, including not a few who could tell of their mort- gages, which were about to be foreclosed, with certain loss of their hard earnings, and which have quietly found their way into his hands, to await a slow redemption, as circumstances might necessitate, sometimes keeping him out of his returns for years, and although many hun- dred dollars have been freely given to relieve the needs of others, prosperity follows, and peace and plenty are found in his happy home. Thomas Bealmear, seventh son of William and Lydia Hamilton, born June 22, 1836. The middle name was for the old family doctor, but when grown he chose to be called Thomas Benton, and so wrote his name when he wrote it in full. He wis not two years old when he came to Union County, and could not take part in the early struggles of making a home in the wilder- ness. At an early period he showed that he possessed an active mind. The times had changed for the better, and the father concluded to give him an education. He was sent to Delaware University, and after years of college life, he graduated with honor in the summer of 1857. He taught school for some time in Ohio and in Illinois, and then concluded to study medicine, and entered upon the work with his brother John in Columbus, and graduated at Starling Medi- cal College in the year 1862. He then went to the State of Illinois, and settled in Wenona, Mar- shall County, and commenced the practice of medicine. All this had been accomplished before 632 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. he was twenty-five years old. About this time he married Celia A. Oder, of his adopted State. His business was spreading rapidly, when he felt it to be his duty, in 1862, to enlist as a vol- unteer in the United States service. He entered the One Hundred and Fourth Illinois Regi- ment, Col. Moore commanding, and was made Assistant Surgeon. He was faithful as man could be to the trust committed to him. He followed the fate of his regiment in most of the battles on the Tennessee, Nashville, Chattanooga, and on the way to Atlanta, and was never oif duty unless compelled to by sickness. Capt. A.. E. Lee, formerly of Delaware, said of him : That he had often seen him when the battle would be raging, heedless of danger, caring for the wounded and dying. One man said to the writer: "He saved my life," and evinced toward him the love of David for .Jonathan. He had attacks of hemorrhage, and his friends plead with him to come home. "No," said he, "not until my time is out." He hoped to live, and when dis- charged would return to a fond companion, and spend many days of connubial bliss. But not ^0. While in hospital at Nashville he had an attiick of hemorrhage, and died suddenly on March 17, 1865, and was brought to Union County and buried in the Richwood Cemetery, by the side of his kindred, in his twenty-ninth year. Few men of his age ever had a more cheering pros- pect for doing good to mankind than he. He was kind and cheerful, and with a mind stored with knowledge, and with the experience he had as a surgeon in the army, had he lived, he cer- tainly would have been prominent in his profession. He was a beautiful singer, and took great pleasure in giving encouragement to the art. He was a Christian. Had made a profession of religion when quite a youth, and though gone from earth, has entered the society of the re- deemed, where he can sing forever " Unto Him that hath loved us, and given Himself for us, to Him be glory." "Go to the grave, at noon from labor cease. Rest on thy sheaves, thy harvest work is done; Come, from the heat of battle, and in peace, Soldier home, with thee the work is done." Rebecca Susan, only daughter and youngest child of William and Lydia Hamilton, was born in the village of Richwood, Union County, .June 19, 1838. It was in early spring the family first moved to the county, and was compelled to stop in Richwood until a house could be com- pleted on the land that was to be occupied as a future home. It was while living here that she was born. The name is given in respect to both grandmothers. She signed her name R. Susan. As the youngest sister she became a great object of regard in the family. All felt anxious that she should acquire a good education. She entered Delaware College with her brother Thomas, at the age of seventeen; was a most excellent student, and graduated with honor in the year 1859. She at once showed a desire to take hold of life's duties in a way that would make her self-supporting and at the same time be useful. She chose teaching as a profession and Illinois as the field of operation. With her brother Thomas, she taught the school at Wenona, Marshall County, 111., and was giving great satisfaction, when she had an attack of lung fever, and was com- pelled to desist and return to Ohio, where, in spite of all attention that could be given her, she died, at the home of her parents, .June 13, 1861. Sad was the day of her burial to her father and mother, brothers, and a large circle of friends. She had made a profession of religion in Marysville in the Prebyterian Church, and united with that church at the age of thirteen years. When in Delaware she united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. At home she was Meth- odist Protestant. She was a singer of commanding influence. She loved to sing and loved it until the last. A few days preceding her death she wished the family to join her in singing a hymn, saying she wished to hear the voice of her mother once more in singing, which request was granted. Her own voice was quite naturul. She grew weaker, and as her last words she said to her mother, " I am so happy." Thus closed the scene with this fair and lovely youth, just at a time when large hopes of future usefulness were centered upon her. The heart feels sad in dwelling upon such an event, but we must submit to the direction of the Great Father of all. " Happy soul, thy days are ended. All thy mourning days below ; Go, by angel hands attended. To thy loving Savior, go." Thus closes the brief history of a family covering a century and a quarter and embracing five generations, its influence being felt in all the professions and extending into difl'erent por- tions of the country. When Abraham Lincoln was candidate for President, every member of the family of which any knowledge is had, that had a right to vote, cast that vote for him. Seldom is there found an instance of dissipation in the family in all its history. With a love for virtue and religion, and a sincere desire to adhere to what is right, time alone will tell what heights of honor and usefulness awaits them. JOHNS. HAMILTON, farmer, P.O. Richwood, was born in Marysville, Ohio, March 29, 1854, and is a son of Cornelius and Louise (Bisant) Hamilton, natives of Ohio. His father was a prominent lawyer of Marysville, a member of the Constitutional Convention that framed the present constitution of our State, and afterward a member of the Ohio Legislature. He also CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 633 represented this district in the Fortieth Congress of the United States. He raised a family of six children, three boys and three girls. Our subject, who was the fourth child, received his education at Richwood, and has made farming the occupation of his life. He owns a nice farm near Richwood, on which he resides. He was married, in 1876, to Ellen E. Sidle, who was born in Claibourne Township February 11, 1856; she is a daughter of John Sidle. By this union two children were born, viz., Vinnie B. and Ollie. Mrs. Hamilton is a member of the Meth- odist Protestant Church. Mr. Hamilton is a Republican in politics. ELIJAH HARRIS, f\irmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, October 13, 1836, and is the son of Thomas and Rachel (Herrod) Harris, the former a native of Ohio, and a farmer by occupation. Our subject was raised and educated as a farmer, and has made farming the principal occupation of his life, though at one time he followed the trade of a carpenter ten years. In 1870, he came to Union County and settled on the Marysville pike, one mile south of Richwood, where he owns a farm of 133^ acres of prime land. He is a Republican in politics. He was married in 1869 to Columbia Sarah Iluddleston, whose parents were natives of the Old Dominion, of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Harris have two children, Isabella and Thomas. JACOB HAKTMAN, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Preston, Va., March 3, 1832, and is a son of Michael and Sarah (Miller) Hartman, natives of Maryland, of German descent. His father was a farmer, but for twenty-five years of his life was engaged as a wagoner. Our subject received a common school education in Virginia, and has spent his life in the pursuits of a farmer. In 1856, he married Hannah Rice, a dau2;hter of Jacob and Hannah (Pool) Rice, who were married on the Potomac Ptiver in 1812 ; she was born in Greene County, Penn., in 1836. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Hartman started together in their battle with fortune, having nothing to begin life with. With the aid of his wife, who has been to him a good and worthy helpmeet, he has acquired nearly eighty-five acres of land in this township, on which they re- side. They have had four children, viz., Walter T. R., Alvin, Clara Belle, deceased, and an infant, deceased. Mr. Hartman came to Union County and built a log cabin, which has since been replaced by a neat and comfortable residence. He and his wife are members of the Meth- odist Protestant Church, in which he has been a class leader and steward sincel875. He is a Democrat in politics, and is now Clerk of the School Board. WILLIAM CARROLL HASTINGS, of the firm of Hastings & Williams, dealer in buggies, carriages, spring-wagons, seed-drills, etc., Richwood, Ohio, was born at Richwood, Ohio, August 29, 1844, and is a son of Levin Hastings, and Mary Carroll, his wife, of whom a sketch is given elsewhere in this work. Our subject was educated in the common schools and is a harness- maker by trade. He has spent ten years in stock dealing at Richwood, and engaged in import- ing Norman horses to Union County ; he is a man that learns from observation, has spent some time in the West, and has seen a good deal of the world. In 1864, he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served his full term of enlist- ment. He then came to Richwood, where he has since remained. He is a Republican in politics, and since 1881 has served as Treasurer of his township. In 1869, he married Miss Cynthia Lenox, daughter of John Lenox, a prominent farmer and stock dealer of Union County ; this union has been blessed with two children, Mary and Anna. JOSEPH R. HATCHER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Logan County, Ohio, August 8, 1818, and is a son of James and Sarah (Ray) Hatcher, natives of Virginia, of English descent, and members of the Society of Friends. His father was a farmer and surveyor, and did a great deal of surveying in the early days of this country. He came to Ohio soon after the war of 1812. Our subject was raised and educated as a farmer, and in early life taught school for a time, but farming has been the principal occupation of his life. He came to Union County in 1853, and settled in Claibourne Township, where he now owns 163 acres of land. In 1842, he married Angeline, a daughter of Isaac and Sarah Headley, of English descent. They have had eight children, to wit: J. D. (a member of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and died in the service), Sarah J., Margaret E., Emily F., Nancy, Charles B., C. L. and Belle. Mrs. Hatcher is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Hatcher is a Universalist in belief and a Republican in politics. WILLIAM M. HAYDEN, dealer in sewing machines, Richwood. was born in Morrow County, Ohio, September 9, 1837. He is the son of John and Rachel (Evans) Hayden, the former born in Pennsylvania in 1812, of German descent, and the latter a native of Wales. They were married in Pennsylvania, and, emigrating to Ohio in 1830, located in Morrow County, where the father still resides, the mother having died in 1857. Our subject is the second child of a family of four children ; he was raised on the farm, and received a good education in the public high school and at Mount Hestmer College — a college of the Society of Friends. At the age of seventeen years, he began teaching district school, which he followed four years. In 1862, he enlisted in Company D, Sixty-fifth Ohio Infantry, as a Corporal, and, in 1863, re-enlisted in Company B, Tenth Ohio Cavalry. He was the Regimental Commissary Sergeant; was promoted to Second Lieutenant of his company in 1863, and in December of the same year was commis- sioned First Lieutenant, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. He was with Sherman in his march to the sea, in Kilpatrick's raid, in Libby Prison for a short time, and was finally discharged in August, 1865. In 1866, he embarked in the mercantile trade at Alliance, 634 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Ohio, but two years later sold his business and purchased a farm, which he operated successfully for two years. He then disposed of his farm, and engaged in selling the domestic sewing machines. He orders machines by the car load, and has sold at retail over 1,600 machines. He understands his business in all its branches, is a ready salesman, and a practical sewing machine man. In 1867, he married Ellen K. Hall, a native of Ohio, of Scotch descent, who died in 1876, at Elmira, N. Y., leaving one child, Ordella, now in the Richwood graded schools. Mrs. Hayden was a member of the Baptist Church. EZRA HEDGES, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Fairfield County, Ohio, October 17, 1826, and is a son of Caleb and Mary (Clellen) Hedges, natives of Maryland, of English and Dutch descent. His father was a cooper and farmer, and very successful in business. He raised a family of ten children, to each of whom he gave 100 acres of land. Our subject was raised and educated as a farmer, and has followed that occupation through life. In 1855, he came to Claibourne Township, and located on the farm now occupied by him, which consists of 176 acres. In 1854, he married Sarah A. Goss, by whom he has three children, viz.: Hulda, wife of Will- iam Decker; Clara A., now engaged in teaching, and Samantha, the wife of William Lawrence. Mrs. Hedges died March 2, 1861, and, in 1863, he married Nancy Young, a native of Delaware County, by whom he had one child — Grant, who died December 10, 1882. Mr. Hedges is a Re- publican, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. society. L. D. HERR, proprietor of the Richwood Temperance Billiard Parlors, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Wayne County, Ohio. May 9, 1857, and is a son of Henry and Sarah E. (Elgin) Herr. His father was a school teacher in early life, and later acted as traveling salesman for an exten- sive nursery company. Our subject graduated at the high school in West Salem, where his parents resided, in 1874, and chose the occupation of an engineer. He operated a stationary engine at Richwood for four years, and then entered the employ of Camp, Randall & Co., in their ware- house at Richwood, remaining with them eight years. He now conducts a billiard room on strictly moral principles, allowing no swearing, gambling, drinking, or other bad order, and giving the youth of the village opportunity for indulging in a very pleasant pastime without being brought under the pernicious influence of liquor drinking. The room is a bright, airy apartment, comfortably furnished, and with a full complement of five tables, and is presided over by the proprietor in person. He is a young man of strictly moral principles, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a worker in the Sabbath School. In 1881, he married Flora Belle Farris, a native of Delaware County, by whom he has one child — Elmo Leon. Mr. Herr is a Republican in politics. M. W. HILL, Richwood, was born in Knox County, Ohio, December 24, 1843, and is a son of Nathaniel Birt and Mary (Roberts) Hill, natives of New Jersey. His father died in 1852, and his mother died one month later, leaving our subject alone in the world, at the age of nine years. During the next four years, he lived at several difi'erent places, and when thirteen years of age he began learning the printer's trade, which he only followed for a short time. He then commenced working on a farm at $6 per month,which was afterward raised to $9, and continued working as a hand four years. In 1861, he met with an accident, by having his hand badly injured in a clover huUer, that almost resulted in the loss of his right arm. During the years 'of 1862 and 1863, he went to school, and having obtained a certificate, began teaching. One year later he went to Iowa and engaged in farming and trading, and in 1864 returned to Union County. In 1867, he came to Richwood, and since then has been variously engaged in business. He is in very comfortable circumstances, owns 460 acres of land, eighty of it in the corporation, several houses and lots in the village, a butcher shop and grocery, a half-interest in a furniture store, and a half-interest in a store at Green Bend, Ohio. He and his partner, Mr. Lenox, arc the most extensive dealers in and shippers of stock in this part of the country. They are im- porters of French horses and have made two trips across the water for that purpose. Mr. Hill is a Democrat in politics and is now serving his second term as Justice of the Peace. He is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 443, and, as is his wife, a member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. In 1865, he married Margaret A. Fisher, daughter of Benjamin Fisher, and by her has four children, viz.: Lizzie Belle, Wilbert C, Viola J. and Morris W. G. W. HOLLAND, T. F. A. of the N. Y., P. & 0. R. R., Richwood, was born in Richland County, Ohio, June 15, 1844, and is a son of Richard and Eliza (Flynn) Holland, natives of Phila- delphia, Penn., the former of English and the latter of Irish descent. Our .subject received an academic education in his native State, and early chose the occupation of a telegraph operator. In 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was dis- charged in 1863 on account of disability. On his return to civil life, he obtained a situation as clerk in the post office at Mansfield, and one year later returned to Richwood and resumed his old occupation of operator. He was subsequently appointed as ticket agent and has worked in the office at Richwood for sixteen years. In 1882, he was appointed traveling freight agent for the western division of his road, and is now serving in that capacity. He is a Republican in politics, and was a member of the electoral commission for the election of President Garfield. He has served as a Councilman and member of the Board of Education of Richwood. In 1867, he mar- ried Mary E. Searles, a native of Connecticut, and a daughter of W. H. Searles, of Marion, Ohio. They have had one child that died in infancy. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 635 0. HOLMES, retired farmer, P. O. Rich wood, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, May 29, 1827, and is a son of Isaac and Ellen (Blackburn) Holmes. His father, who was a native of New Jersey, was a blacksmith by trade, and died in 1862, at Columbus, Ohio, where he had re- sided for fifteen years. He had a family of ten children, nine of whom reached their majority. Our subject was educated in the common schools of Highland County, Ohio, and followed the occupation of a farmer until he was twenty-one years of age, after which he filled the position of clerk in a general store for twelve years, giving that up to resume farming operations. In 1865, he came to Union County, and in 1873 he sold his farm of 100 acres and purchased a handsome property in Richwood, to which he has retired and which he is now engaged in beautifying. He was married, July 29, 1852, to Miss Mary A. Johnson, a daughter of William Johnson, a native of Pennsylvania, and Caroline Burtner, his wife, a native of Kentucky. Mrs. Holmes was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in 1828; her ancestors emigrated to America with the "Pilgrim Fathers," in the Mayflower. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes' marriage has been blessed with six children, three boys and three girls, of whom two now survive, viz., Anna Belle and Charles T. The parents are members of the Methodist Protestant Church at Richwood. J. M. HORN, of the firm of J. M. Horn & Bro., manufacturers of brick and tile, Richwood, Ohio, was born September 8, 1852, in Tuscarawas County, Ohio ; he is a son of Noah and Rebecca (Tucker) Horn, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Virginia, both of English descent. His father was an enterprising and intelligent farmer, who went to California, but lost his life while en route for home. Our subject chose the profession of an artist and for some time was engaged in that occupation, traveling around the country in a gallery car. He sub- sequently embarked in the dry goods business, and in 1882 began his present enterprise, pur- chasing five acres of land for that purpose. He has ample facilities for the manufacture and storage of his ware, and finds a ready market for more than he can supply on demand. On February 17, 1880, he married Lucinda Spratt, a native of Union County, and a daughter of Andrew Spratt. They have one child — Ivan. Mr. Horn is a Republican, a member of the I. 0. 0. F. fraternity and of the Prudential Order of America. JESSE D. HOSLER, furniture dealer, Richwood, was born in Fountain County, Ind., Jan- uary 18, 1846 ; he is a son of Benjamin Hosier, a cabinet-maker, and Lydia Shively, his wife, both natives of Pennsylvania, of German descent. Our subject received a good English educa- tion in the graded schools of his native State, and, after leaving school, learned the trade of a blacksmith, serving a four years' apprenticeship at Covington, Ind. He then worked at Monti- cello, Ind., as a journeyman for four years, and in 1875 came to Richwood, where he built the brick shop in which his brother now carries on business. He worked in this shop seven years, and then entered the furniture business in the firm of M. W. Hill & Co., but discontinued this in December, 1882. In 1863, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Sixteenth Indiana Infantry, for three months, and re- enlisted in Company G, of the Fifty-first Regiment. He was once a prisoner, being taken at night by a band of guerrillas, but succeeded in making his escape after two houi's' imprisonment. In 1874, he married Miss Mary Sabin, a native of Troy, Ohio, and a daughter of Dr. Roswell Sabin. By this union two children were born, viz. : Lucy C. and Charles S. Mrs. Hosier died February 3, 1883. Mr. Hosier is a Republican, and a mem- ber of the Richwood Methodist Church, of which his wife was also a consistent member when living. JOHN E. HOWE, of the firm of Loveless, Howe & Bishop, proprietors of the Richwood Woolen Mills, and dealers in wool, grain, hides, furs and staves, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Logan County, Ohio, September 26, 1845 ; he is a son of Julius and Ellen (Richardson) Howe, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of Ohio. His parents came to this State in 1830, and located on a farm in Logan County, where the subject of this sketch was reared. He re- mained on the farm until twelve years of age, when he began working at his present business for J. S. Loveless, with whom he worked four years, to learn the trade, receiving SPSO and three months schooling per year. He proved himself such a worthy apprentice that his employer took him as a partner, and with him carried on the business until recently, when the firm assumed its present proportions and style. Mr. Howe was 'married, in 1869, to Elizabeth Gum, a native of Logan County, Ohio, of English descent, and by her has had one child — George R. Mrs. Howe is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Howe is a Re- publican in politics. He is a successful business man, and owns a half-interest in 265 acres of land in Washington Township, which he has accumulated by his own efforts. EDWIN S. HUBBARD, Postmaster, Richwood, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., April 30, 1841, and is a son of Alexander and Mandane (Van Dusen) Hubbard, natives of Connecticut. His father was a lawyer by profession, and at one time occupied the office of High Sheriff of his county, in Connecticut. Our subject received a common school education, and early learned the trade of making cutlery, which he followed three years. He then learned carriage paint- ing and followed it twelve years, six of which were spent in Richwood. He afterward became Assistant Postmaster, and in 1876 was appointed Postmaster being re-appointed in 1881 by Presi- dent Garfield. On October 3, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company D, Tenth Connecticut Infantry, and in 1863 was promoted to First Lieutenant for gallant conduct, and transferred to the Nineteenth Connecticut Heavy Artillery, with which he served until 1864, being again promoted to 636 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. First Lieutenant. He was later detailed as Aid-de-Camp to Gen. R. S. McKinzie, with the rank of Assistant Adjutant General. He served in Burnside's expedition, at the battle of Roanoke Island, Newburg, Port Royal, Goldsboro, Whitehall, Spottsylvania and three last days of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Shenandoah Valley twice, Winchester, first and second assaults on Fort Sumter, in Sheridan's raid and many other important and hard-fought engagements. While in action at Cold Harbor, he had the visor of his cap torn off by a piece of rebel shell, but never suffered any injury of a serious nature. He was married in 1867 to Mary L. Hoover, daughter of Daniel and Ellen Hoover, and by herhashadtwo children — Effie and Vellie Maudane. Mrs. Hubbard and her eldest daughter are members of the Presbyterian Church, while Mr. Hubbard is a member of the Methodist Church. C. W^ HUFFMAN, dealer in pumps, and well-driver, Richwood, was born in Knox County, Ohio, August 18, 1840, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Stilley) Huffman, natives ol^ Pennsylvania, the former of German and the latter of English descent. He was raised on ttie farm until fourteen years of age, when his father died, and his mother moved to Columbus, where he attended the graded schools. He then worked for a lightning -rod company. In 1861, he enlisted in the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, as color-bearer of Company G, and with his com- mand served in eigliteen well-fought battles. He was taken prisoner by the enemy, and suffered all the horrors of Andersonville Prison for six months, from the effects of which he will never re- cover. He was discharged in 1865, after fouryearsand three months' gallant service. In 1865, he married Lavina Moore, a native of Pennsylvania, by whom he has two children — Charles Henry and Matilda K. Mr. and Mrs. Huffman are members of the Methodist Protestant Church, in which Mr. Huffman has been a Steward, Treasui-er and Trustee. He is a Republican, and a member of the Lodge and Encampment of Odd Fellows, He engaged in his present business at Richwood in 1868. NELSON HURD, minister and farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born at Middlebury, Vt.. Sep- tember 5, 1816; he is a son of .lohn and Abigail (Lindsley) Hurd, natives of Vermont, of Eng- lish descent. His grandfather Hurd was a soldier in the Revolutionary waf, and was wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill. Our subject has been a resident of Ohio since one year of age, his parents having moved from Vermont in 1817. The whole journey was made in a wagon, the father going afoot, driving the cattle, and the mother driving the wagon, in which the children were placed. They settled in what is now known as Thompson Township, Delaware County, where our subject spent his youth. He was brought up on a farm, receiving a common school educa- tion, and followed the duties of the farm until he was thirty years of age. He has been a mem- ber of the Christian Church since sixteen years of age, and has been a minister of that denomi nation since he was thirty, for several years of that time devoting his time exclusively to the ministry. He has usually owned a farm,. which he conducted in connection with his ministerial work, and now owns twenty-two acres, on which he resides, while he officiates as pastor of the Glendale Church, which he organized. He was married in 1339 to ^Nliss Sylvia Decker, by whom he has three children — Zerah, a farmer in Nebraska; Sarah, wife of I. Taylor; and John, also a farmer in Nebraska. Mr. Hurd is a Republican in politics. J. C. IRWIN, tailor, Richwood. The paternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch emigrated to the northwest territory prior to the erection of Ohio as a State, and here raised a family of children. Jacob Sidle, the maternal grandfather, came to Union County over half a century ago, and located in Claibourne Township. Dr. Aaron J. Irwin, the father of our sub- ject, was of German extraction, and was brought up as a farmer. In early life, he evinced a de- sire to study medicine, and accordingly entered the office of Dr. Heaston, with whom he acquired his preparatory education. He afterward took three courses of lectures at Columbus, Cincinnati and Nashville, Tenn , and began the practice of his profession at Richwood. In 1863, he en- listed in the One Hundred and Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but was transferred to the Twenty-second Tennessee Mounted Infantry. He was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the regi- ment, and was subsequently promoted to Surgeon, but soon afterward was taken sick, and died at Paducah in 1864. In 1856, he married Martha, daughter of Jacob Sidle, and by her had one child — our subject. Mrs. Irwin died in 1866. The subject of this sketch was born at Rich- wood, Ohio, December 11, 1858, and received his education in the schools of his native village. He early learned the trade of a tailor, and for four years has been engaged in that business with W. H. Richard in Richwood. He is a Republican in politics, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and a member of Mt. Carmel Lodge, No. 303, F. & A. M. On February 5, 1883, he married Miss Anna Walters, a daughter of John and Anna AValters, of this county. A. J. JOHNSON, barber, Richwood, was born in Miami County, Ohio, December 4, 1846, and is a son of Aben C. and Anna Johnson, natives of Virginia, who emigrated to Miami Coun- ty about 1836, and were among the early settlers in that county. Our subject was raised on a farm, but not liking the occupation he began an apprenticeship at the barber's trade, when eight- een years of age, under Frank Brown, at West Milton, Ohio. At the expiration of one year, he began working as a journeyman barber, and in this capacity continued until 1870, when he opened a shop at North Lewisburg. In 1872, he came to Richwood, where he has since been in business. He has a shop containing three chairs, nicely equipped, on Main street, and is at all times assisted by thoroughly competent workmen. In 1873, he married Almeda F. Clark, at CLAIBOURNE TOAVNSHIP. 637 Dayton, by whom he has two children— VVilbert A. and Edker W. He is Senior Steward of White Sulphur Lodge, F. & A. M, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and a Repub- lican in politics. In 1864, he enlisted in Company D, Fifth United States Colored Troops, and was discharged at the close of the war. He owns a nice, dwelling in Richwoo:l,and is doing a thriving business. LEWIS JOLLIFF, farmer, P. 0. Rich wood, was born in Pennsylvania February 12, 1812 ; his parents were William and Catherine (Yager) Jollifif, natives of Ohio, the former of English and the latter of German descent. They emigrated to Ohio in an ox cart in 1817, and settled in Wayne County, afterward moving to Stark County, where both died. They had fifteen children, twelve of whom grew up, married and raised families. Our subject, who was the fifth child, grew up on the farm, inured to the hardships of all kinds and accustomed to hard and incessant labor. He had no educational advantages whatever, and knows but little about the English language, though perfectly familiar with German. He has spent his life in agricultural pursuits and has arisen step by step from a poor farm boy and renter to a well-to-do freeholder. He came to this county in 1836, purchased land and set to work clearing it for cultivation ; he now owns 180 acres of good land, in the best order and well improved, in addition to his town property. In 1834, he married Catharine Swartz, by whom he had five children, viz.: AVashington, who enlisted in the army in 1861, was wounded, returned home and died; Eli, deceased; John, whose sketch appears in this work ; Isaac, and Barbara, deceased. Mrs. JoUiff was a member of the Methodist Protestant Church ; she died in 1855, and on December 10, 1856, Mr. Jolliff mar- ried Hannah Pennypacker, a daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Scofield) Pennypacker, the latter still surviving, aged eighty-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Jolliff are members the Methodist Prot- estant Church at Richwood. Though Mr. JolliflF has survived the allotted time of man, he has full possession of all his faculties and is remarkably hale for one of his years. He tells many interesting anecdotes of early Ohio, and of life in a new country ; of adventures with wild ani- mals and escapes from other dangers ; and of being lost in the woods when hunting his cows. Many pages of reminiscences could be called from the memory of this old pioneer, had we space for-their production. JOHN JOLLIFF, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, August 7, 1844, and was a son of Lewis and Catherine (Swartz) Jolliff, natives of Ohio, of Dutch descent. He was reared on a farm, receiving a common school education, and early adopted the occupa- tion of a farmer, which he has since followed successfully, now owning a good and well-im- proved farm. In 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, as a non-commissioned ofBcer ; was with his command in twenty-six hard-fought battles, and was wounded at the battle of Peach Tree Creek, Ky. He was discharged in 1865 at the close of the war. In 1865, he married Mary Sidle, a daughter of J. C. Sidle, and by her has had seven children, viz.: Sarah E., Isaac G., John D., William T. S., Martha A., Eva C. and Charles E. The parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been steward. He is a Republican in politics. DR. E. Y. KING, physician, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, August 80, 1836, and is a son of John and Mary Ann (McClain) King, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of German and the latter of Scotch descent. His father was a dry goods merchant, and in 1830 emigrated from Pennsylvania, with his family, to Holmes County, Ohio. The subject of this sketch received a good common school education in the high school of Fayette County, Penn., and in 1859 entered the medical department of the State University at Ann Arbor, Mich.; but not being satisfied with the knowledge obtained in his course at that institution, he entered the Medical College at Bellevue, New York, in 1864, and graduated from it in the same year. Aftei^ leaving college, he enlisted in the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry and served as Assistant Surgeon until the close of the war. In 1866, he located at Richwood, then a village of about fifty houses, and immediately began the practice of his profession, which he has since carried on with flattering success. He entered upon the practice here under very adverse circumstances, when the roads in the surrounding country were so poor as to require him to go on foot to see his patients, but by his indefatigable energy he has overcome all obstacles and now stands at the head of his pro- fession in the village. He is the oldest practitioner in Richwood, and has a large and lucrative practice, which he is still actively engaged in attending. He was married in 1862 to Elizabeth Rogers, a native of Knox County, Ohio, and a daughter of James Rogers. This union has been blessed with one child — Charles E., now a clerk in a hardware store in Delaware, Ohio. Mrs. King is a member of the Presbyterian Church. The Doctor is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he takes an active interest in educational matters, and has served as a mem- ber of the Board of Education at Richwood, and has had some town office during most of the time of his residence here. ISRAEL KINNEY, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, January 8, 1824; he is a son of Thomas J. and Nancy (Biggs) Kinney, natives of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Ohio in 1808, and settled in Muskingum County. His great-grandparents, Thomas and Anna Kinney, were residents of New Jersey, and came to Ohio with the family in the above year; the former lived to reach eighty-nine years of age, and the latter ninety-two. The an- cestors, as far back as known, were tillers of the soil. Our subject was raised to farm life, but, 638 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. in his younger days, taught school, i-eceiving his first certificate in 1845. During one winter, he taught in the same township with the late President .James A. Garfield, with whom, however, he had only a slight acquaintance. He heard that such a man had been employed in a neighbor- ing disti'ict, but, when he met him, saw nothing in him to indicate the force of character, noble nature or sound judgment that afterward endeared this man to the hearts of the people. Mr. Kinney continued teaching during the winter seasons, for sixteen years — farming in the sum- mer. In 1851, he married .Jane W. Monlux, by whom he had three children, viz. : Mary, wife of George 0. Fisher; Thomas F., who married Maggie Maskill, and died in 1879, and W. W. The latter was born in Claibourne Township December 24, 1857 ; received a common school education and has followed farming for life. He was married, October 7, 1879, to Ella, daughter of John Maskill, of Richwood, and by her has one child — Clarence. She is a member of M. P. Church. Mr. Kinney is a Republican in politics. Our subject lost his wife in 1860, and on February 3, 1861, he married Mary J. Snedeker, who died in 1865, without issue. On Decem- ber 1, 1866, he married Mrs. Sylvia Hurdle, who was a widow with one child at the time of her marriage to Mr. Kinney. The latter union has been blessed with one child, C. E., now thirteen years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Kinney are members of the M. P. Church, in which he has been a Deacon, Trustee and Superintendent of Sabbath school. He was a Democrat until the discussion of the Missouri Compromise, when he became a Republican, but latterly, he is a Prohibitionist. He came to this township in 1845, and now owns a farm of 270 acres, one of the best in the county. ELIAS KYLE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, October 19, 1840; he is a son of .James and Elizabeth (Boyd) Kyle, natives of Delaware County, the former of Irish, and the latter of Dutch descent. Our subject was raised and educated as a fapmer, and has followed that occupation through life, with success. He owns 137 acres of good land three and a half miles southwest of Richwood, to which he moved from Delaware County in 1876, and on which he still resides. He is also a carpenter, and able to do almost any kind of woodwork. In 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Sixty-sixth Ohio, Capt. Buxton, and, with his command, took part in sixteen hotly contested battles. At Savannah, he was dangerously wounded in the neck by a minie ball, which broke his under jaw bone and tore away fully two inches of the bone. His life was despaired of, and his wound was dressed only at the ear- nest solicitation of his friends, as the Surgeon thought it a waste of valuable time to " tie up the wounds of dying men." At another time, he had a furrow plowed along the top of his head by a ball that just grazed the skull, felling him to the earth, where he lay unconscious, and tear- ing away a part of his hair, which he keeps, having recovered it, for a memento. After the war, he returned home, and resumed his peaceful avocations. In 1866, he married Ellen- J. Jones, a daughter of David L. Jones, and a native of Ohio. They have two children — Laura E. and Lucy M. Mr. Kyle is a member of the Baptist Church, and Mrs. Kyle of the Congrega- tional. He is a Republican, and a prominent member of Rising Sun Lodge, K. P. JOHN LAKE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, September 10, 1848 ; he is the son of Lewis and Hannah (Ilurd) Lake, the former a native of New York and the latter of Vermont, both of English descent. The father was a merchant in Delaware and Richwood, and a farmer. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of Delaware County. He early chose the occupation of a farmer, and in it has been very successful, now owning 110 acres of good and well-improved land. He was married, October 18, 1873, to Ella M. Biddle, daughter of Richard Biddle, her parents being natives of Wales. By this union three children were born, viz.: Charles F., Mary E. and Lewis J. Mr. Lake is a Republican in politics, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He is also a member of the K. P. and I. O. 0. F. societies. In 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Eighty- second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., and was also made prisoner, but paroled. He came to Union County in 1881, and settled one and one-quarter miles north of Richwood. JOHN LANDON, merchant, Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, November 25, 1838. His grandfather, Cyre Landon, was a Pennsylvanian, who, with his family, came to Ohio in 1821, and located in Marion County. James Landon, the father of our subject, married Rebecca Cochran, and was a life-long farmer in Marion and Delaware Counties. Our subject was brought up in Delaware County, receiving the advantage of a district school education, and in school, as on the farm, he was characterized by his industrious habits. He followed farming until 1863, when, finding a farmer's life not congenial to his taste, he engaged as a clerk in a hardware store iu Marion for one year, since which time he has been engaged in mercantile pur- suits. When he concluded to go into business, he entered the store of Mr. Kling at Marion, to learn the methods of mercantile business, and proved himself to be an apt scholar. In 1864, he began business in Richwood, with a capital of $300, and from that small start he has risen, step by step, through his industry and perseverance, until now he occupies a place in the front rank of the substantial business men of the county. He employs a large number of assistants, who are under perfect discipline, and has the duties of the store systematized to a degree seldom seen except in the largest metropolitan establishments. In fact, the arrangement and display of his stock cannot be bettered. He is a thorough advertiser, and for years did his owu advertising. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 641 preparing his circulars at night and having them scattered broadcast in the morning, offer- ing inducements that would flock his store with customers. By offering special inducements to farmers for their produce, he succeeded in abolishing the huckster trade in a circuit of several miles around the town, much to the satisfaction of the people and other merchants. He was the first merchant to ship goods to the town by rail. In 1867, he married Abbie Gast, daughter of Christian Gast, the founder of the village of Prospect, Marion Co., Ohio. By this marriage, one child was born, viz., Eddie B. The family are all members of the Presbyterian Church, in which Mr. Langdon has been an Elder and Sabbath School Superintendent. He is a Republican in politics. .JAMES H. LANGSTAFF, deceased, was born in New Jersey March 4, 1809, and died in Claibourne Township in 1869. When nine years of age, he came to Ohio with his father, who was a farmer, and in 1833 he came to Claibourne Township, where he resided until his death, at that time owning 350 acres of land. He was a prominent and influential citizen, a member and class leader of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a successful farmer. He had a family of nine children, viz.: Lana A., widow of the late Nelson McCallister, a member of Company C, One Hundred and Seventy- Fourth Ohio Infantry, who died in the service; A«a, a farmer in this township: Lemuel, also a farmer; Margaret, wife of Calvin Rictiards; Lamanda; Martha, wife of Isaac Stafer ; William, Kendrick ; and Oscar, deceased. The survivors are all married and doing well. Two sons, Lemuel and Asa, were in the Union army during the war of the rebellion. Mrs. Catharine Langstaff, the widow of our subject, is a prominent member of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and now resides in Richwood. ASA LANGSTAFF, farmer and stock-raiser, P. 0. Richwood, is a son of J. H. and Cather- ine (Dixon) Langstaff. the former a native of New York, and the latter of Virginia. They came to Ohio, and settled in Union County. His father was a wealthy and successful farmer, and owned about 400 acres of land in this county. Our subject was born May 24, 1836, and was raised on a farm, receiving his education in the district schools. He has been a farmer and stock dealer nearly all his life, and raises cattle that rank high in the grade of stock cattle, some of them hav- ing taken several premiums at the fairs. He owns 200 acres of land, well stocked and thoroughly equipped, and a herd of the best short-horn cattle in this section. He was married, in 1858, to Hannah Lockhart, a native of New York, by whom he has four children, viz.: Marshal!, James C, Lawrence and Minnie. Mrs. Langstaff is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Langstaff is a Republican in politics, and has been Trustee of his township. In 1864, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Capt. Robb, of Marysville, and served with that company. J. K. LANGSTAFF, farmer, P. 0. Richmond, was born in Leesburg Township, this county, March 5, 1858, and is a son of James IL and Catherine fDixon) Langstaff, whose biography ap- pears in this work. He received a good English education, which was perfected in the college at Granville, Ohio, and has adopted the occupation ot a farmer. He was married, December 1, 1881, to Miss Sarah Watson, a daughter of A.* and Eve (Phillips) Watson, residents of Richwood, where the former is engaged as a photographer. Mr. Langstaff is a Republican in politics, and a prominent member of Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 443, at Richwood. Though young in years, he is a practical farmer, and is cultivating his land in the most approved manner. ELMUS W. LANGSTAFF, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio January 24, 1831. He is a son of Asa L. and Laney (Boylan) Langstaff, natives of New Jersey of English and Irish descent. His father, who was a shoe-maker by trade, came to Ohio in 1815, and in the latter part of his life engaged in farming. Our subject has chosen farming for a life, occupation, and in it has met with success, having accumulated fifty acres of good land in this township. In 1850, he married Eliza J. Norman, a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Taylor) Norman. They have six children — Laney A., Millard F., Emma C, Ida May, Judsonand John E. [n 1865, Mr. Langstaff enlisted in Company E. One Hundred and Ninety-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged at the close of the war. His son Millard is one of the owners of the Magnetic Springs summer resorts. ZERAH LINSLY, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Vermont August 8, 1808 ; he is a son of Simeon and Rutilla (Benedick) Linsly, natives of Vermont, of English descent. His father was a Revolutionary soldier, and a farmer by occupation. Our subject received an ordinary education, and in 1820, came to Ohio with his parents, settling in Delaware County. In 1828, he came to Union County, where he has spent the rem.ainder of his life. In 1828, he married Miss Parmela Waters, by whom he had six children, three boys and three girls, five of whom are living, all married and well to do. Mrs. Linsly died in 1864, and in 1878 Mr Lins- ly married Mrs. Phebe (Rose) Beem, a widow lady, who had ten children by her first husband. Mr. and Mrs. Linsly are members of the Christian Church, and Mr. Linsly has been a Deacon in the church over half a century. He is a Democrat, in politics, and during his residence in Delaware County served as Assessor and Justice of the Peace. He has retired from active life and is spending his remaining years in peace and comfort at his home in Richwood. THOMAS S. LOVELESS, senior member of the firm of Loveless, Howe & Bishop, proprie- tors of the Richwood Woolen Mills, and dealers in wool, grain, hides, furs and staves, Richwood, Ohio, was born in the Empire State May 25, 1821 ; he is a son of Thomas and Sarah (Sprowls) 34 642 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. Loveless, the former of English, and the latter of German descent. His parents emigrated to Ohio in 1832, and settled near Akron. Our subject received a common school education, and remained with his parents on the farm until sixteen years of age, when he began learning the manufacture of woolen, in which he was engaged ten years. He then commenced the business at East Liberty, Ohio, in 1846, and remained fourteen years. In 1869, he came to Richwood and started the Richwood Woolen Mills, in which he has been since engaged. In 1849, he mar- ried Miss Miranda James, who was born in Logan County, Ohio, December 3, 1830 ; she is a daughter of Thomas .James. Her parents were members of the Society of Friends, and of En- glish descent. To this union two children were born, viz.: E. 0., a jeweler in Delaware, Ohio, and Jennie, wife of S. W. Van Winkle, a lawyer of Richwood. Mr. Loveless has been in busi- ness all his life, has never been sued, and has made what he now owns by his own exertions. J. P. MARRIOTT, farmer and stockman, Richwood, was born in Licking County, Ohio, August 16, 1832 ; he is the son of Henry T. and Rebecca (Penn) Marriott, natives of Maryland,, of English descent. His father was born May 9, 1807, and was a son of William and Edith (Waters) Marriott, natives of Maryland, who came to Ohio in 1825, and settled in Licking County, where they remained a short time, and then moved to Knox County, where both died. Henry T. married Rebecca Penn, who was born September 29, 1807, and with her moved to Claibourne Township, in 1845, buying land near Richwood, about thirty acres of which has since been sold oiF in town lots. He died in 1875. He raised a family of ten children, eight boys and two girls; seven of the children now living, six boys and one girl. They are all shrewd business men, but they have been only moderately successful. They are all residents of Clai- bourne Township, and all the male members of the family are rather small in stature, except our subject, who is above the average height. He was reared on the farm, and has made farming, his life occupation, now owning a well-improved farm near Richwood, on which he resides. In 1855, he married Theoba Farrier, by whom he had one child — Eliza, now the wife of William Feet, of Delaware County. Mrs. Marriott died in 1863, and, in 1865, Mr. Marriott married Sisson Fisher; she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Richwood. Mr. Marriott. IS a Republican in politics. FRANK A. MARTIN, of the firm of Martin & Wynkoop, dealers in lumber, shingles, doors, blinds and lath, and proprietors of the Richwood Saw Mill, Richwood, Ohio, was born in Knox. County, Ohio, May 22, 1848; he is a son of George R. and Agnes (Shipley) Martin, the former a native of Ohio, of Irish descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of English descent. His father was a carpenter by trade, and also owned and operated a saw mill. Our subject spent his early life in school, in the saw mill and on the farm. He has been successful in busi- ness, and owns a fine farm of 116 acres in Claibourne Township. He came to Union County in 1874, and, in 1881, embarked in business in Richwood with his present partner. He was mar- ried, in 1870, to Amanda C. Morton, a native of Knox County, Ohio, by whom he has two chil- dren — Anna May and Ray M. He is a steady, industrious man, and has made his way in the world by his own individual eflorts. He is a Republican in politics. JOHN M. l\[x\RTIN, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born at Mt. Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, July 31, 1828. His father, Jacob Martin was born in Pennsylvania in 1799, and died in Ohio in 1870. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and by occupation a cabinet-maker and carpen- ter, but in the latter part of his life he followed carpentering, house-joining and farming. He was married at Mt. Vernon to Ann J. Adams, who was born in Virginia in 1800, and died in Ohio in 1881. Our subject was raised on a farm and has made farming the occupation of his life. He came to this county in 1864, and now owns a farm of 116 acres in Claibourne Town- ship. He was married in 1859 to Martha J. Marquis, who was born in this State August 18, 1833; she is a daughter of William and Elizabeth Marquis. The former died in 1877, aged seventy nine years, and the latter still lives, in her eighty-first year. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have had three children — Lizzie, Anna and John D. Mr. Martin is a Democrat in politics, and one of the Trustees of the Township. JOHN MASKILL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Clark County, Ohio, December 5, 1822; he is a son of Robert and Isabella (Middleton) Maskill, natives of Yorkshire, England. They came to America in 1818, and settled in Springfield, Ohio, where they resided until 1832, when they came to Union County. They raised a family of seven children. Our subject was raised on a farm and has devoted his whole life to farming, now being the owner of 175 acres of land in Leesburg Township. He was married in 1850 to Adeline Wells, a daughter of James Wells, who came to Union County in 1834. By this marriage, nine children were born, all girls, of whom six now survive, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of William Styres ; Isabella, wife of George W. Jolliff ; Harriett, wife of S. B. Taylor; Charlotte, wife of E. Freeman; Ella, wife of W. Kinney ; and Mattie, wife of James JolliflF. Mr. and Mrs. Maskill are members of the Methodist Episcoiml Church, and he is Secretary of the Sunday school. He cast his first vote for Taylor, but is now a Republican. He has a nice property in Richwood, where he now resides, in addition to his farm in Leesburg Township. FRANCIS M. McADAMS, gardener, Richwood, Ohio. John McAdams, Sr., and Catherine Stewart were married in Pennsylvannia, of which State they were natives, about the year 1797 ; coming to Ohio in 1804 or 1805, they settled in Champaign County, near the present site of CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 643 Kingston, where they lived to the end of their days, he dying June 16, 1839, in his eighty-fifth year, she dying March 26, 1839, in her eighty-second year. Their ofltspring were Isaac, born 1798, died 1869 ; Samuel, born 1800, died 1832 (was killed by a fall from a horse); Elenor (Dillon), born 1803, died 1865; Nancy (Spain), born 1806; John, born 1808, died 1866; Archi- bald, born 1812, died 1845 ; William, born 1814. Both the paternal and maternal ancestry were of Scottish descent, but about all that is known of the family tree is what is above stated. The elder McAdams was a large, muscular man, fitted for the pioneer days in which he lived. He was fond of the sports of the chase, and usually kept about him the fleetest dogs and horses in the country. He served his township as Justice of the Peace for a series of years, and was prominent in the public affairs of his county. He served in the war of 1812 in the capacity of a scout. He was a great story-teller, and had a foot nearly double the ordinary size. John Mc- Adams, Jr., and Rachel Graham were married by Peter Igou .January 21, 1829. The Grahams were of Irish descent. To them were born Ellen, Eliza J., Samuel, Melona, Francis M., Mary A., Harriet and Ruth. These all grew to mature years and married. Francis Marion, the sub- ject of this sketch, is the youngest son, and sixth child of the family. He was born near the head-waters of Treakle's Creek, in Union Township, Champaign County, Ohio, October 13, 1838. He spent the years of his minority on the farm where he was born, and assisted materially in bringing up the family, giving some attention to school during the winter season, thereby ob- taining more than an ordinary common school education, and in later years became an efficient teacher. July 17, 1861, he married Susannah M., the second daughter and fourth child of War- ren and Susannah Freeman, of Goshen Township, Champaign County. The Freemans were from Ontario County, N. Y. Mrs. McAdams was born July 17, 1843. To this marriage have been born nine children, all of whom are still living, to wit : Charles Francis, born September 5, 1862; Janet Gertrude, born June 12, 1866 ; Laura Eliza, born April 5, 1868 ; Eva Marie, born May 6, 1869 ; Carrie Amelia, born April 15, 1871 ; Lydia Catherine, born May 9, 1873 ; Susie May, born February 16, 1875 ; Howard Deuel, born August 8, 1880; Ralph Thomas, born Sep- tember 25, 1882. August 15, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served as a private some months, when he was promoted to a non- commissioned officer, and at his muster out was Second Sergeant of his company. His regiment campaigned in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas, sharing the well-fought fields of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw, Bentonville and other lesser engagements. After the close of the war, our subject was selected by his regimental comrades to write the his- tory of the command, a duty for which experience as a writer and the possession of a vast amount of the necessary data, made him particularly qualified. His writings found in the histories of Champaign, Clark and Fayette Counties, to which he contributed largely, attest his ability as a writer. From 1865 to 1870, he sold general merchandise in the village of Mutual ; then he became a resident of Mingo, and resumed the same business, continuing for several years. After residing at Mingo nearly twelve years, during which time he was twice elected Justice of the Peace, besides serving the public in other capacities, he purchased property in the north suburbs of Richwood, and November 10, 1881, came to that village, having in view the business of gardening. Mr. McAdams takes an active interest in public aflFairs, speaks his stntiments openly, scans public men and public measures carefully, and votes the Republican ticket continually. He and his wife and the adult members of the family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. NELSON McAllister (deceased) was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, December 4, 1827, and was a son of John and Mary (Grayton) McAllister, who were among the pioneers of Union County. Our subject grew upon the farm, with no educational privileges, except three months' attendance at a school which was taught in his father's corn-crib. He was a farmer, and followed that occupation until the rebellion, when he enlisted in Company E, Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and died in 1865. He was a brave and faithful soldier, a kind and indulgent father and an affectionate husband. He was married January 16, 1850, to Lany A., daughter of James H. Langstaff, whose sketch appears in this work. They had four children, viz.: Olintha E., born January 29, 1851 ; Luther E., born May 21, 1854; Cassius R., born March 24, 1856; Ida v., born October 18, 1861. Mr. McAllister was a Republican in politics. He owned 125 acres of land which his family has improved and increased to 350 acres. At the death of her husband Mrs. McAllister assumed the management of the farm affairs and under her every- thing has prospered. R. T. McMILLIN, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, June 4, 1818 ; he is a son of Robert and Nancy A. (Mitchell) McMillin, natives of Pennsyl- vania, of Irish descent. The former was a commissioned officer in the war of 1812. Our sub- ject is a farmer by occupation, as was his father and grandfather, and he has been successful in all of his farm operations. He opened and improved his present place of residence and on it has raised a family of children, who are all well-to-do citizens of the county. He is a liberal, high-minded gentleman, and speaks his opinions openly and freely, without regard to the feelings of others. He was married in 1839 to Margaret A. Moore, a native of Belmont County, Ohio, born in 1820, and a daughter of Samuel Moore, a prominent farmer of that county. By this union eight children have been born, viz.: Rachel A., wife of J. B. Thompson ; Robert G., wh& 644 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. was born in Harrison County, Ohio, October 4, 1847, and, having received a limited education, has devoted his life to the farm ; he was married in 1874 to Mary Ellen CofFman, who was born in this State October 1. 1849 ; she is a daughter of Samuel and Ellen (Thompson) CofiFman, of English descent. By this marriage two children were born — David B. and Matilda. The third child, Andrew, was born in Harrison County in 1850, and in 1880 married Amanda Hedge, a dauo-hter of Absalom Hedge ; she was born in Union County in 1856. They have one child — Nettie May. He has been a life-long farmer and now owns fifty-five acres of land. The fourth child, Margaret J., is the wife of A. C. Staneard. The fifth, Mary M., is the wife of James Trimble. The sixth, John, is at home. The seventh, Martha, is the wife of J. D. Powell, and the eighth is Amos, who lives at home. Mr. and Mrs. McMillin are members of the Presby- terian Cflurch, in which he is an active member and has been a Trustee. He is a Democrat in politics and a firm friend of education, having been a School Director twenty years. He has recently retired from the active labor of the farm and in his latter days is enjoying the rest he so well merits. P. R. MILLS, Superintendent Public Schools, Richwood, was born at Reynoldsburg, Franklin County, Ohio, August "23, 1850; he is a son of Nelson T. and Eleanor (Rhoads) Mills, the former oative of Pennsylvania and the latter of Ohio. His father was a saddler by trade, and came to Ohio in 1830. His mother died when he was but six months of age. He was educated prin- cipally at the Reynoldsburg Union Academy, from which he graduated in 1874. During the winters of six years previous to his graduation, he taught school to obtain the means necessary for completing his education. After leaving the academy, he taught at ^Etna, Licking County, Ohio, one year; Pataskala, one year, and Canal Winchester three years, resigning his position at the latter place on account of ill health. He afterward accepted the position of Superintendent of the South Grammar School at Lancaster, Ohio, which he resigned one year later to assume the duties of his present charge. Since leaving school, his entire time has been devoted to the public schools, both in self-education and management, and his vacations are spent in visiting metropolitan and other schools, to obtain ideas for the better management of his own school. His success as a Superintendent is partly due to a meeting of his teachers, which he holds each week with some definite object in view. One year ago he engaged, with marked and promising success, in conducting a teachers' normal school during the summer vacation. In the fall of 1882, he was instrumental in organizing a lecture association that has given Richwood a higher order of lectures, and has enabled the people to enjoy entertainments that would otherwise have been denied them. In 1874, he married Zoda Howard, a daughter of William and Mary J. (Reynolds) Howard, and a native of Reynoldsburg. By this union two children have been born, viz., Glennie and Bertha. Mr. Mills is a member of the Odd Fellows society, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. C. MOORE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Hamilton County, Penn., Octo- ber 11, 1806 ; he is the son of Christian and Ann Moore, the former a native of Maryland, of German descent, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Welsh descent. Our subject was reared on his father's farm, and early adopted the occupation of a farmer. After reaching his majority, he attended school 100 days, which was the most schooling he ever had. He is now the owner of 125 acres of good land, which he has made by his own industry, having worked himself up from a penniless young man to a well-to-do freeholder. He was married, January 28, 1828, to Anna Long, a native of Pennsylvania, of Dutch descent, and a daughter of Ben- jamin Long. After their marriage, he emigrated to Licking County, Ohio, and followed fai-ming until 1854, when he purchased the farm on which he now resides. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have had the following children: John, born December 11, 1830, now farming in this township; Ellen, born August 10, 1832; Thomas (deceased), born August 22, 1834; James, born Novem- ber 15, 1841, and now farming in Jackson Township ; W. W., born August 1, 1849; and Henry, born August 21, 1853. The family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Mr. Moore has been a member sixty years, and for forty years has been a class leader and eight years Superintendent of the Sunday school. Mr. Moore is a Republican in politics. Thomas, the third son, lost his life in the service of his country. DAVID MURPHEY, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, the fourth child of nine children, born to Joseph and Rebecca (Geer) Muiphey, was born April 2, 1829. His pkrents, who were natives of Pennsylvania, came to Union County in 1834, and settled in Claibourne Township, where his father died in 1836. His mother was born in 1800 and is still living. Our subject was raised as a farmer, but has spent most of life at the carpenter's trade. In 1858, he married Mary Ellen Cooksey, a native of Virginia, of Irish descent, and a daughter of Simpson Cooksey. By this union, six children have been born, viz.: Frances, Jennie E., Rebecca Ellen, Minnie Ophelia, Wealthy Ann and George W. The parents are both members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church. Mr. Murphey is a Democrat in politics. The family reside on fifty-six acres of land belonging to Mrs. Murphey. LEMUEL MYERS, retired farmer, P. 0. Richwood, is a son of Henry and Rebecca (Stone) Myers, natives of Virginia, the former of German and the latter of English descent. They emigrated to Ohio in 1810, and located in Licking County, where they spent their lives, both dying at the age of oighty-iwo years, on the farm where our subject was born and reared. They CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. , 645 raised a family of nine children, five boys and four girls. The subject of this sketch was born in Licking County, January 1, 1816, and was raised on a farm, receiving but a meager educa- tion. From the age of fifteen years until he was forty-five, he followed farming, and in winter taught singing school. He has been a student of music all his life, and for forty years has sang in a church choir. He is a large, powerful man, of the old pioneer type, and well remembers the time when roads — even mud roads — were scarce, and log rollings of frequent occurrence. He has helped to carry logs every day, Sunday excepted, for three weeks at a time, and was never known to shun his place at the handspike. He has always been a strong temperance man, and is now an advocate of prohibition. Of a peaceable nature, he shuns quarrels and was never known to be engaged in a fight, although amply able to take care of himself, if assailed. In 1842, he was appointed Captain of a company of militia, and was afterward promoted to the rank of Major. He came to Ohio in 1842, and during his residence here has served as Infirm- ary Director and Trustee of Claibourne Township. He has recently given up active life and re, tired to a neat and substantial home in Richwood, which, with the adjoining farm of 110 acres he owns. He was married, July 1, 1837, to Elenora Gill, a native of Maryland, of English de" scent, by whom he had eleven children, seven now living. The parents are both members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Mr. Myers was a Democrat until 1861, after which he was a Republican until he became a Prohibitionist. He had three sons in the rebellion — William S. and 0. S. in the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and Henry in the One Hundred and Eighty-second. A. K. NEER, dealer in produce, Richwood, was born in Clark County, Ohio, January 31, 1859, and is a son of Joseph C. and Dorotha Ellen (Smith) Neer, natives of Clark County, of English descent. His father was a prominent farmer and an extensive stock dealer for years in Clark County, and still resides on his farm in that county, devoting his entire time to agricult- ural pursuits. His farm consists of 170 acres of fine land, thoroughly improved and under a high state of cultivation. Our subject received a common school education, and remained on the farm until twenty-one years of age, since which time he has been in the employ of Edward Thomas &-Co., wholesale dealers in butter, eggs and poultry, whose headquarters are at Urbana. They have branch establishments at Richwood, Marysville and New Bremen, the former being under the control of our subject, who is thoroughly conversant with all branches of the business. He was married, January 28, 1883, to Mary 0. Ayers, a native of Morrow County, Ohio, and a daughter of Lyman N. and Harriet (Truesdale) Ayers. Mr. Neer is a Republican in politics ; he is also Superintendent of the Baptist Sabbath school. JOHN OGAN, Village Marshal of Richwood, was born in Allen County, Ohio, May 31, 1846, and is a son of Peter and Caroline (Vertner) Ogan. the former a native of Virginia, of English descent, and the latter a native of Kentucky, of ^German descent. His father came to Ohio in 1830, and settled on a farm in- Putnam County. Our subject received the educational advantages usually aflForded to boys on a farm, and chose farming for his occupation, beginning life for himself with nothing. He has been a trader all his life, has dealt largely in farm lands, and for two years in horses, with Solomon Walker, and has been very successful in all his operations. During the rebellion, he offered himself for service seven times before he was accepted, but finally enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He is now Second Lieutenant of the Gibson Guards, Ohio Militia, of Richwood. In 1880, he came to Richwood and engaged in the livery business with H. J. Perry, but has since rliscontinued that and is nosv officiating as Mar- shal of Richwood. He is a man of great physical ability, very determined, but cool in judgment, and an excellent officer, of whom the violators of the peace have a wholesome fear. He is a member of the Lodge and Encampment of Odd Fellows and of the Knights of Pythias, and a Re- publican in politics. He has made his way in the world unaided, has no debts to incumber him, and owns eighty-five acres of good land. In 1871, he married Rebecca M. Sterling, daughter of David Sterling, of York Township, and by her has one child — David E., born October 8, 1874. Mr!?. Ogan is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Richwood. JOSEPH PARISH, fixrmer, P. 0. Richwood, is a native of New Jersey, and a son of William and Margaret (Bingham) Parish, the former a native of England, and the latter of Germany. His father, who was a school teacher and artist, came to Ohio more than half a century ago and settled near Zanesville, where he spent the remainder of his life farming. Our subject was raised on the farm, receiving a limited education, and has devoted most of his life to agricultural pursuits. He now owns a farm of 140 acres, and has given his children eighty acres. He was married October 30, 1838, to Keziah Ramey. Her parents were Virginians, of German descent, and her father was a Captain in the war of 1812. By her marriage, she has had six children, viz.: William A.; Daniel; Elizabeth, wife of James Moore; Frances Ellen, wife of D. F. Carr ; Joseph; and Louise, wife of Perry Barker. The parents are members of the Methodist Church, in which he has been a steward and trustee. He is a Republican in politics. He had two sons in the Union army, and both were taken prisoners. WALTER SCOTT PARK, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Crawford County, Ohio, March 20, 1834 ; he is a son of Thomas and Sugannah (Marquis) Park, natives of Ohio, of Scotch- Irish descent. They came to.Ohio at an early day and settled on a farm, where the father died (346 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. in 1845. The mother died in 1882. Our subject was raised and educated as a farmer, and has devoted the whole of his life to that occupation. In 1860, he married Lydia Bretz, a native of Ohio, of Dutch descent. She has a farm of 100 acres, on vs'hich they reside. They have four children, viz.: Ida May, Oscar V., Deborah A. and .John M. Mr. and Mrs. Park are members of the Presbyterian Church, in vyhich they are active and zealous workers. Mr. Park taught district school for a time in his younger days, but since 1867, when he came to this county, he has been engaged in farming. He is a Democrat in politics. D. F. PARSONS, proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, Richwood. was born in the State of Maine June 20, 1834; he is a son of Charles and Martha (Pernel) Parsons, natives of Maine, the former of English and the latter of Scotch descent. His father was a cabinet-maker by trade. Our subject received a common school education, and at the age of seventeen began working at cabinet-making, which he followed during his residence in his native State. After coming to Ohio, he engaged in merchandising, and resided in Knox County until 1864, when he came to Richwood, and for nine years engaged in the furniture business. He also dealt in dry goods in connection with his furniture trade. In 1879, he opened the Commercial Hotel, a neat and commodious building, three stories high, containing twenty-five rooms, a large and well fur- nished dining room, and good sample rooms. He is a generous and thoughtful laiyllord, particu- lar about the comfort of his guests, and very popular with the traveling public. He owns valu- able property in the business center of the village, and is driving a thriving trade at his hotel. In 1857, he married Mary Swelland, a native of Ohio, of Dutch descent, and a member of the Methodist Church. Mr. Parsons is a member of the Masonic order, and a Republican in politics. HUGH J. PERRY, liveryman, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, Novem- ber 25, 1838, and is a son of John and Gwynn (Hughes) Perry, both of Welsh descent, and early settlers of Delaware County, where his father was engaged in farming. Our subject was raised on the farm, and at the age of eighteen years purchased a threshing machine, which he operated during the fall and winter seasons for fifteen years. He has since made several changes in business, but has been a trader all his life, having sold several farms and dealt largely in town property. He has met with success in all of his business operations, and at one time owned 220 acres of very fine land. He deals in the French and Clydesdale horses ; went to France for them in 1871, and in 1874 went to Wales, Scotland and Belgium for the same pur- pose. He sold one horse for $3,000, and another for $3,500. During the late rebellion he was a First Lieutenant in the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Ohio Infantry. He is a Republican in politics, and at present is serving as a Trustee of his township. He was married in 1866 to Miss Sarah J. Anderson, a native of Fairfield County, Ohio, by whom he has had six children, four now living, viz. : Nellie M., Charlie, Lizzie and Allie. Mrs. Perry is a member of the Bap- tist Church. JOHN A. PHILLIPS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Richwood, Union County, Ohio, March 22, 1836. He is a son of William and Isabella Ann (Woods) Phillips, both of Scotch- Irish extraction. They emigrated from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1832, and settled in Richwood, where they remained until their deaths, he in 1880, and she in 1875. The former was a potter by trade, and in 1834 built the first pottery in Union County, which business he followed most of his life. Our subject and two sisters are the only survivors of a family of eight children. He received a common school education and learned the harness-maker's trade inRichwood, follow- ing it seven years. In 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company F, Sixteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for three years, and was discharged in 1864, at the expiration of his term of Bervice, as Fourth Sergeant. He served under Gen. Sherman, and at the siege of Vicksburg he and over three hundred of his comrades were taken prisoners and confined for three months in two different rebel prisons. Returning to civil life, he embarked in the drug trade in the firm of Phillips & Woods; then in the lumber business two years, dry goods trade one year, drug busi- ness with A. Z. Converse eighteen months, and finally purchased a farm south of Richwood and partly in the corporation, on which he still resides. He was married. October 13, 1869, to Mary C. Fisher, daughter of Benjamin Fisher, and by her has had two children — Lizzie L. and Alfir- etta G. Botn parents are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Phillips is a Republican in politics. His brother, A. G. Phillips, was killed at the battle of Atlanta. Ga., in 1863. NEWTON PIERCE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, June 7, 1837, and is a son of J. G. and Celestia (Lusk) Pierce, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Hampshire. He received an ordinary education in Delaware County, and chose the occupation of a farmer. In 1859, he went to Pike's Peak, and remained in the West ten years. At the breaking-out of the rebellion, he enlisted in the First Colorado Cavalry, for three years or during the war, and at the expiration of his term he re-enlisted in the State Militia. His command was principally engaged in fighting the Indians on the frontier. In 1865, he was wounded in an engagement, but not seriously. After the war closed, he was for two years in the Government employ at Fort Leavenwortli, Kan., after which he returned to his native county. In 1870, he married Adelia Flemmiag, by whom he has four children — John, Howard, Hosea and Melvin. In 1877, they settled in Claibourne Township, where he owns 110 acres of good land. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 647 WILLIAM H. RICHARDS, merchant tailor, Richwood, was born in Wales August 19, 1851, and is a son of Henry and Anna Richards. He learned the trade of a tailor in his native coun- try, and, in 1867, came to America, spending the first three months after his arrival in New York City. He then came to Jefferson County, Ohio, and, in 1874, came to Richwood, where he worked as a journeyman until 1878, when he commenced business for himself. On August 17, 1870, he married Anna Evans, a native of Wales, and a daughter of Henry Evans. To this union one child has been born, viz., Mary Tabitha. Mr. and Mrs. Richards are members of the Bap- tist Church. He took an active part in the building of the church at Richwood, was a member of the building committee, and is now a Deacon in the church. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Prudential Order of America, an Odd Fellow and a Freemason. He is a thorough master of his trade in all its details, understands several systems of cutting, and is d >ing a thriving business in Richwood. He employs three or four first-class assistants, giving them good wages and employment all the time, and is thereby enabled to guarantee his patrons satis^'action. His correct workmanship and strong desire to please, coupled with his extensive knowledge of the business, reasonable prices and choice selection of goods, procures for him a ^'ery large proportion of the custom of the town and surrounding CDuntry. J. N. RODGERS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, January 12, 1845. He is a son of Joseph and Hannah (Corbin) Rodgers, natives of Vermont, the former of Irish and the latter of Scotch descent. Our subject was raised and educated on the farm, and has followed farming through life. He owns 130 acres of land in Claibourne Township, where he has spent most of his life. In 1865, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a drummer boy, and served until January 20, 1866, when he was discharged at Columbus. He was married, in 1869, to Mary Baumgartner, a native of Ohio, of German descent. They have had four children born to them, viz.: Charles W., Hattie, Dora and Clara. Mr. Rodgers is a Republican in politics. JOHN E. ROSETTE, of the firm of Barnes & Rosette, of which a description is given in the sketch of P. E. Barnes, was born in Richwood, Ohio, November 22, 1849, and is a son of Charles W. and Mary (Milligan) Rosette, natives of Ohio, the former of French and the latter of Irish and English descent. His father came to Richwood in 1845, where he engaged in the wool trade, and where he died in 1877. He was Assessor and Treasurer of the township, and for twelve years filled the office of Justice of the Peace. He raised a family of six children, five boys and one girl. Our subject was educated in the Richwood Public Schools, and for a time worked in a mill, after which he engaged in buying grain. In 1870, he engaged in selling buggies, and has since continued in that business. In 1873, he married Annie Shelton, a native of Columbiana County, Ohio, of German descent, and by her has two children — Iva, and a baby not yet named. Mr. Rosette is a member of the Knights of Pythias and of the Odd Fellows society, and a Republican in politics. He has served two terms as Clerk of Claibourne Township. JAMES A. ROSS, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, November ■y, 1829, and is a son of Dr. .loseph Ross, whose sketch appears in this work. Our subject re- ceived a common school education, and early adopted the profession of a farmer, which he has followed through life with marked success, now being the owner of seventy-one acres of good land. His farm is well improved and thoroughly cultivated, and has good piked roads on three sides of it. He has made his way in the world entirely without aid, having started with noth- ing but a year old colt. He is a horse fancier, and he and his brother own one of the best Norman horses in the county. He was married, October 27, 1852, to Nancy Headley, who was born in ■Coshocton County January 4, 1833; she is a daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Dial) Headley, the former of Pennsylvania and the latter of Virginia. By this union three children were born — Laura E., wife of L. 0. Slemmons ; Lawrence E., deceased, December 18, 1878, accidently shot while out hunting; and Imogene, now attending school. JOHN RUHL, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Pennsylvania June 6, 1826 ; he is the son of Michael and Elizabeth (Curfman) Ruhl, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Ger- man and the latter of Dutch descent. Our subject was raised and educated as a farmer, and has followed that occupation through life. He was married in 1851 to Elizabeth Walters, who was born May 8, 1827 ; she was also of German descent. By this marriage seven children were born, viz., James W., deceased, born March 25, 1854; Mary E., born January 23, 1856 ; D. C, deceased, born December 26, 1858 ; Maria C, born June 5, 1860 ; John M., born February 10, 1862 ; W. M., born February 7, 1864, and J. F., born November 20, 1865. Mrs. Ruhl died September 29, 1867, and on March 6, 1868, Mr. Ruhl married Julia Ann Snyder, a daughter of Jacob Snyder. Mr. Ruhl came to Claibourne Township in 1861, and now owns a farm of nearly fifty -four acres in this township. He is a Republican in politics, and he and his wife are both members of the Methodist Protestant Church. HON. HYLAS SABINE, the son of John F. and Euphemia (Clement) Sabine, was born June 5, 1829. His father is a native of Vermont, and of English descent. His mother was born in the State of New York, and was of German ancestry. John F. Sabine located in Union Town- ship, Union County, Ohio, in 1812, and became a prominent farmer. From 1854 to 1856, he held the position of County Auditor, and has been for many years a member of the board of In- 648 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. firmary Directors for the county, being the present Secretary of said board. Hylas Sabine- began to receive an education iu the common schools of his neighborhood, and sub8equentl3' attended college at Delaware, Ohio. For two years, he engaged in teaching in Kentucky, and at the expiration of that time returned to Union County, locating in Marysville. He succeeded his father as County Auditor, and held the office two years. In October, 1858. he established a newspaper at Marysville, known as the Vnion Press, which was continued till August, 18G3. The editorial department of the paper was conducted by J. B. Coats (present Ju Ige of Probate), from the .spring of 1861 to the autumn of 18t52, Mr. Sa'iine having, in the meantime, resided a few months in Washington, D. C, and also taken a law course at Harvard University. October 8, 1857, he married Anna Ware, daughter of .J. R. Ware, and a descendant from Scotch and English ancestors. Like her husband, she attended the law school at Harvard University, and is a thorough classical scholar. Her course of studies was taken under the widely-known instruct- or, Horace Mann, at Aatioch College. Mr. and Mrs. Sabine are the parents of two children, a son and a daughter. The son, who is the younger child, is a present member of the Freshmao class of the Ohio State University, and is fourteen years of age. The daughter is a student at the same school. After his return from Harvard, Mr. Sabine located, in 1863, at Richwood. Union County, Ohio, and became a prominent real estate dealer. He also opened up a farm three miles west of that village, and expended largely from his means in making general improve- ments, winning a position among the leading men of the county, for enterprise. He built the finest house and barn which have ever been erected in Richwood ; these are now the property of A. J. Blake. Mr. Sabine's business ventures were moderately successful, and a great portion of their proceeds are invested in improvements. He has considerable political fame, and in 1877 was chosen on the Fiepublican ticket to the position of State Senator, representini< the Seventeenth Senatorial District, composed of the counties of Logan, Hardin, Marion and Union. This position he filled honorably and acceptably for two years. His political faith is pinned to the platform of the Republican party. February 25, 1880, he i-eceived an appointment from Gov. Foster as State Commissioner of Railroads and Telegraphs, which official position he aow holds. Mr. Sabine ^ business and public career have extended through but a comparatively few years, yet the result- of his efforts are certainly such as to afford him much gratification. JOHN M. SANDERS, of the firm of Gardiner & Sanders, dealers in real estate, Richwood. was born in Union County, Ohio, August 25, 1837; and is a son of Samuel R. and Peggy (Hop kins) Sanders, natives of Kentucky, of English descent. He received a common school educ;i tion, and remained on his father's farm until twenty -two years of age, after which he farmed fn'- himself about four years. In 1862, he came to Richwood, and for three years conducted th.- Atlantic Hotel, which he sold to 0. Beem. He then spent one year in the West, after which h • purchased the Beem House, and one year later sold it to Wesley Abrahams. Subsequently hi- purcbased a farm in Jackson Township, and sooa afterward he purchased sixty-five acres mot >• iu the same township. After his father's death, he purchased a four-fifths interest in the home farm of 185 acres, and now he owns 165 acres of good land, in addition to a neat residence, anl two lots in Richwood. In 1859, he married Elenor Blue, a native of Jackson Township, Union County, and a daughter of Michael and Elenore Blue. This union was blessed with three chil- dren, William D. being the only survivor. Mrs. Sanders died April 10, 1870, and on October 10, 1872, Mr. Sanders married Artemissa Stacey, daughter of Ira and Ellinor R. Stacey, of Madison County, by whom he has two children — Clarence M. and Percival H. Mrs. Sanders is a member of the Disciples Church. Mr. Sanders is a Democrat in politics, and has served as a delegate from his township to the county convention of his party. He is a member of the Lodge and Encampment of I. 0. 0. F. He has been in active business since. eighteen years of age has a wide business experience, is a good judge of land, and has succeeded in all his business undertakings. He shipped the first poultry from this point, in 1864, and also the first from Larue, Marion County, at that time being engaged with W. W. Manughu, of New York City. He was also engaged for a time in selling threshing machines, is thoroughly versed in all the points of a thresher, and has sold more machines than any man in the surrounding country. He is said to be one of the best salesmen iu Union County. NICHOLAS SCHARF, deceased, was born in Germany in 1832, and emigrated to America in 1854, settling in Franklin County, Ohio. He was a life-long farmer by occupation, a Catholic in religious belief, and a Democrat in politics. He was married in France, in 1840, to Magleine Frund, a daughter of Frank Frund, a prominent German farmer of Franklin County. This union was blessed with an issue of nine children, viz.: George, Annie M., Marianna, John A., Maggie J., Joseph Frank, Katie E., Clara V. and Louise M. They are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Scharf died in 1879. Mrs. Scharf came to Union County in 1879, and settled in Claibourne Township, where she owns a farm of fifty-four acres of good land. She is a careful manager, and with the aid of her son George, who stays at home to work for her, she is con- ducting her farm in a most prosperous manner. PEfER SELLS, farmer, ?. 0. Richwood, was born in Green Township, Franklin County, Ohio, June 15. 1811, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Thrush) Sells, the former a farmer and teamster by occupation, and both of German descent. Our subject was educated in the select schools of his day, and in early life followed the carpenter's trade, but latterly has been engaged CLAIBOURNE TOWNSHIP. 651 in farming. He owns 100 acres of gooil land, which he has acquired by his own personal eiforts. He has been twice married. By his first wife, Catharine Stambaugh, he had nine children, four now living, all married and doing well. His wife died in 1876, and on February 17, 1881, he married Nancy .J. Clark. He is a Republican and a member of the United Brethren Church, in which he has been a class leader. C. D. SIDLE, former, P. O. Richwood. Rev. John C. Sidle, the father of our subject, was born in Ohio in 1812 and died in Richwood in 1877. He came to Union County with his wife, Elizabeth (Himilton) Sidle, in 1838, and for nearly half a century officiated as a minister of the Methodist denomination in this county. In addition to his ministerial duties, he devoted con- siderable lime to farming, and at one time owned 1,400 acres of land in Union County. He was an honorable gentleman, of a genial, social disposition, a good linguist and fluent speaker, charitable to a fault, and wonderfully attachedto his children. He was Trustee of Claibourne Township for a time, and for twenty years served as a .Justice of the Peace. It is said of him that he married more couples than any man that ever lived in the county. His family consisted of seven children, and included three pairs of twins, viz.: John, now a merchant in Chicago; Mary and Martha, the latter deceased and the former now.the wife of J. J. JollifF; W. H. and Hannah, now wife of W. H. Tan- ner; and Sarah R., deceased, and our subject. The latter was born in Claibourne Township March 17, 1883, and wis reared on the farm, receiving the rudiments of his education in the common schools, after which he attended Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware and graduated in 1867. He has followed farming for a livelihooil and owns a good farm of 132 acres in the town ship. , In 1869, he married Emeret Wood, a daughter of Benjamin Wood, of English descent. By this union three children were born, viz., Laura C, C. D. and Jacob P. Mr. and Mrs. Sidle are members of the Methodist Protestant Church. W. H. SIDLE is a farmer of this township, where he was born November 18, 1839. In 18T8, he married Martha A. Dilsaver, daughter of Adam Dilsaver, whose sketch appears in this work They have one child— Frederick C. Mr. Sidle and wife are members of the Methodist Protest- ant Church. In 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, and served until 1863, when he was discharged on account of disability. He is a member of the Odd Fellow and Masonic fraternities ; a Republican, and owner of 121 acres of land. His first wife, Malissa Kinney, died in 1875, leaving one child, Anna L., the only sur- vivor of her two children. J. D. SLEMMONS, carpenter, Richwood, was born in Harrison County, Ohio, July 26, 1841, and is the sou of James L. and Susannah (Osborn) Slemmons, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Pennsylvania, both of English and Irish descent. Our subject was reared on his father's form and received a common school education. In 1864, he came to Union County and for eight years clerked in the store of John Landon at Richwood. In 1876, he engaged in the insurance business, as agent for the Richwood Mutual Company, in which capacity he con- tinued for some time, with success. He has for many years been engaged more or less as a car- penter, but has never devoted his time exclusively to that trade. He is a Republican, and the owner of a house and four acres of land lying in the corporation of Richwood. His father died in 1865, and since that time his mother has lived with him and attended to the household duties of his home. ISAAC SMART, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Union County May 16, 1850, and is a son of Joseph and Hannah C. (Cowgill) Smart, natives of Ohio, of German descent. They came to Union County in 1849, and located on a farm in Claibourne Township, where the father died in 1879. The mother now resides with our subject, who is engaged in farming, at which he has worked all his life. He was educated in the district school, and in 1872 married Harriet Wurtsbaugh, whose people were of German and Irish descent. By this union two children were born — Lora and Lawrence. Mr. Smart was the ninth child of his father's family of ten children, six of whom reached their majority. ROBERT JAMES SVIITH (deceased) was born in Franklin County, Penn., February 2, 1800, and died April 23, 1882. When he was two years of age, his parents moved to Washing- ton County, Md., where the early portion of his life was spent. On the 22d of April, 1824, he married Miss Catharine Kuhn, who lived but one year and seven days after their marriage. In the early summer of 1828, he moved from Maryland to Muskingum County, Ohio, making the trip across the mountains on foot. On June 23, 1830, he was again married, to Miss Mary Haines, with whom he lived until September 17, 1874, when she was called from him. In the spring of 1851, they removed from Muskingum County, the last dwelling-place of both. To them were born nine children, five of whom preceded them to the spirit land, and four are left to mourn their loss. Mr. Smith's remains were interred in the Claibourne Cemetery. In his death, the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he had been a member for half a century, lost one of its most conscientious, faithful and incorruptible members ; the family a noble father ; and the community a man and a fellow-citizen of sterling wortu and unsullied excellence of character, in whose ripe years nature fulfilled her work and loaded him with the fruit of a well- spent life. In his death, he closed a career of exemplary fidelity to his aim in life — to be a quiet, unassuming and honorable man and an humble Christian, which he followed through many changes and trials with quiet confidence to the end; '652 HISTORY OF UNION COUNTY. GEORGE SMITH, grocer, Rich wood, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, July 15, 1846, ani is ason of Robert J. (deceased) and Mary (Haines) Smith deceased, the former a native Maryland, of Irish descent, and the latter a native of Ohio, of English descent. He was educated in the grad- ed schools and raised on a farm. In 1851, he came to Richwood and followed farming as an occu- pation until twenty-six years of age. In his twenty-seventh year he began clerking for John Landon in the dry goods store and two years later assumed the management of the grocery depart- ment of Mr. Landon's store, in which he was engaged live years. In 1879, he began business for himself and has met with more than average success. In 1874, he married Mattie Landon, a native of Marion County. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in which he has been steward and trustee, and an active worker in the Sabbath school. He also takes an active interest in the cause of education, and is a member of the Board of Education of Richwood. He is a Republican in politics. ISAAC SNARE, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in Pennsylvania December 28, 1819, and is a son of David and Catherine Snare, natives of Maryland. His father was a carpenter, but died in 1823, and Isaac was raised on a fiirm, his e lucation being very meager. In 1845, he came to Licking County, Ohio, and in the following year returned to Pennsylvania for his mother, who lived with him until her death. In 1853, he came to Claibourne Township and set- tled on the farm of fifty-two acres where he now resides, taking the laud in its wild state and improving it. When he first came to this township, he killed thirteen deer and forty-eight wild turkeys in one winter. In 1847, he married Phebe Edwards, daughter of Ira and Ann (Evans) Edwards, and by her has had seven children, viz.: Susannah L., Edith, Minerva, Eliza, George W., Anna A. and Mary. The family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Snare is a Republican in politics. During his long life in a new country, he has met with many narrow escapes of injury, and has frequently had his life placed in imminent jeopardy. MOSES SNEDEKER, farmer, P. 0. Richwood, was born in this State June 2, 1846 ; he is the son of John F. and Sina Snedeker, who were of Dutch descent. The former was in early life a school teacher, but after coming to this county in 1852, he followed farming until his 'tp. ^ci-. I A "bo^ •J .C^ %. '/ » - ^ " ^-^^^ . . . , <^A * 5 N ^ .<^^ "%.. * , , A "^^ ^0' ■^^^ ■ '^^ ^ o <, X * .0 V, , -^ ' ' « c s '^^ ''- ^•%, .^'^ . ... ... . •i»-. .V .> i . 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