-y 2, No. 23. Monthly. JULY, 1894. fl.20 per Year. rice, 10 Cents. GV 783 Copy 2 ^J6i ^' \^y yiTtlLETJC CAiNOEIiNC PUBLISHED BY THE W£Rf0N 5P9R3PUBU5I1IN(} €9 2^1. bl^ADWAV, yVEW YQRK Entered at the New York Post Office, N. K., as Second Class Matter* [ROWING GOODS. 'i,2ii4iti,jiiiNyi,5iii.:!!iiiiiiiiiiiii....itiiii- Our Illustrated Catalogue contains a full list of SHIRTS, KNEE PANTS. TRUNKS, SWEATERS. JERSEYS. ROWING MACHINES, REQUISITES FOR ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS. Special goods made to order and designs furnished for Club Buttons, Badges and Prize Banners. Catalogue free to any address. fl. Q. 5F/ILbINQ &r BR05., Chicago. Philadelphia. New York. V War Canoe, Toronto Club. 30 feet by 5 feet, lioltls 20, 16 paddlcii Paul Butler, of Lowell, Mass. Canoe "Wasp," winner of American Cf Association Sailing Trophy, 1892 and 1893. Hoisting Sails, Deck Scat and 'Thwartship Tiller. Ca.noe;s Canoeing, BY V c. bo\we:r vaux. PADDLIXCl, SAILIX(i, CRUISING AND RACING CANOES, AND THKIR US-KS, WITH HINTS ON RK; and ^lANAGEMKNT, ETC. THF S;PORT IS PURELY AMATEUR. 'S FULLY '^LLUSTRATED 1 PUBLISHED BY THE AnERlCAN SPORTS PUBLISHINQ COAPANY, QSFYKII.HI, l.-iyt. I ■ 'HE AmEKILA-N ShoRTS PUBLISHING, Co.MPANY. N_ RACING RIG, LEG OF MUTTON STANDING SAI] CANOES AND CANOEING GENERAL SUGGESTIONS. i/f is a boat, sharp, at both ends, propelled by e. It may be of bark, a log hollowed out, ^ CANOE ^ a padd I the skins of animals, thin boards secured to a frame, a^vfri^-si^yfr^ metal, paper or any other suitable material, built open or decked over. The size of a canoe depends on the needs of the owner. The smallest canoes are those built to hold one man. A canoe ten feet long and weighing less than ten pounds, has been built and used for cruising. The canoe in the Natural History Museum, New York, from Queen Charlotte's Island, is sixty-three feet long, eight feet three inch&s Avide and five feet deep. It was cut out of a single log. Canoes are now built in length between ten and thirty-five feet. Many people think only of the birch bark when they hear the word canoe. Birch canoes are in use to-day in the Maine woods, but the light, open, Canadian canoe, built of cedar or basswood. has almost entirely taken its place. The cedar boat is even lighter than the bark canoe, stronger and of better lines, though quite similar to the birch in its form and general appearance and is more easily paddled. Then there is an almost endless varietv of decked canoes. O CANOEING. Canoes in Canada cany the spoilsman, his provisions and camping outfit to the hunting ground, and the fisherman to the pools and rajyids wliere salmon and trout are taken with the fly The single blade paddle is used on still water and in running rapids. A pole is often depended on when the canoe has to be forced up stream. The hunting canoes usually hold two men And all their baggage. -^ - Open Canadian Canoe, Single Blade Paddle. Kneeling Position. Sometimes these boats are built large enough to hold four men or even more. Decked cruising canoes rarely hold more than one and never more than two persons. A country of lakes, rivers and forests, where there are few if any roads, is inaccessible except by means of the canoe — a boat light enough to be carried on the shoulders of a man over a portage from one watershed to another or around a fail or rapid Canoeing and Camping, There are more people every year who go to the woods to camp out. and many of them go simply for the benefits to be derived from an out-of-door life, without any idea of hunting or fishing. The canoe is one of their chief sources of enjoy- ment, because in it they can exph^re rivers and lakes, and take short journeys from camp to attractive points in the neighbor- hood. The canoe may be the means by which they reach their camp-ground from civilization, and in it they return home, CANOEING. 1 ':ogetlicr Avitli lluir canipiiiL; nuttii, a\ lieu tlie vacation is ove; . Whole families niake sucli canoeing-cam^iiiig excursions in Canada yearly, and the ladies enjoy paddlin;^ and llie camp <|uitc as keenly as do the men. Choice of a Canoe. ^\'hal kind oi a canoe do I want ? Tliat depends on the water near your house (if you expect tc use the canoe there), the kind of canoeinj^ you propose to do and the price )'ou are Axilling to pa\ . Cost. There are nc>w many canoe builders in the country and a ^reat variety of canoes can l>e bought in stock ready made. The small, open boats, suitable for smooth water paddling neai jumic. cost irom $35 up to $60. The full size Canadiaii (\\noes in the States, i6 feet by 30 inches, cost from $60 to , DouIjL Blade Puddles. Sitting Position. ir cruising canoes cost from $100 to $150, and ihe racing, sailing canoes, built to order, cost, fully rigged, from ^175 to $250. and then a large part of the rigging must b ■ dime by the sa'lor himself. The big war canoes, as they a: j called, usually purchased ])y clubs, cost !)etween f 200 and ?^30 ; ^ CANOF.ING. The standard canoe is i6 feet long and 30 inches wide, and is intended to carry one man comfortably. The American Canoe Association rules* do not allow any canoes over 16 feet by 30 inches in the races ; and experience has shown that for general canoeing purposes this is the most economical size for one man, take it all in all wSuch a canoe is easily paddled and a very fast sailer when properly built and rigged. It is not too large or heavy to be easily handled on shore by two. Varnish. Canoes are usually varnished and not painted, and therefore should be kept under shelter when not in use. It is not possible Cruising Tent lor Decked Canoe. to keep a canoe under cover when not in use on a cruise and therefore care should be taken to cover the deck with a sail or blanket when the canoe is i)ulled up on shore and left exposed to the sun for any considerable length of time. A coat of good spar varnish should be put on before the cruise is begun, and after it is over the canoe should be rubbed down with sand paper and carefully varnished. A good canoe, properly cared for. will easily last twenty years. There are canoes in use to-day older than that. Cruising Canoe. If you intend to cruise on streams and rivers A\'hcre ra])ids are * See Appendix for A. C. A. rules. CANOFJNC.. 9 met with, the canoe shnuUl be Imilt very light, so it can be easily carried l)y one man througli the woods and around dani, and falls ; and the paddle alone should be depended on — sails are used when the cruise is on open water and portaging is never necessary. A sailing canoe must be built very strong, and IS therefore somewhat heavy, with its centreboard, rudder, masts and sails. A sailing canoe is really a small yacht. Perhaps the l)est general cruising boat is what is known as Canadian open canoe. It is certainly the best for cruising w here portages are frequent, as it is very much lighter (for the load it will carry) than any decked canoe, and may be made i|uile as safe if " watertights " are built in the ends. It will carry two easily. Capacity. A cruising canoe should always be so built that it will hold easily, besides the paddler. provisions for a week, extra clothing. Decked Cruising Canoe, Folding Centreboard and Drup Rudder. a camping outfit, including a tent ; cooking utensils, blankets and other small necessaries. The cruiser should be ready to cook a meal at any time and also prepared to provide a night's b)dging for himself. If he is dependent on hotels for his bed and board he must 1)e pre])ared to give up the most enjoyable cruising waters. The cruising canoeman must be a jack-of-all trades if he expects to thoroughly enjoy his trips. He should be an expe- rienced camper, cook and boatman, as vi'ell as a good shot and handy with the rod. If you cannot do all of these thing-s your- L-elt, then arrange to lake your tirst cruise witli some one \\hi; can. Other Uses. Though cruising is by far the most enjoyable form of canoe- ing, pleasure may 1)6 derived from "afternoon" paddling and sailing, short excursions racing, and even from the purely mechanical work of paddling for exercise — and capital exercise It is. Safety. People say, " I don't like boating, it is not safe, many people are drowned every year." Quite true ! But did you ever stop to think how many people are killed on railroads and by runaway horses ? A man should never go canoeing, rowing or yachting until he can swim. There is really only one accident to guard against while canoeing — drowning — and with ordinary care the chances of this are very small. Every canoe is a lifeboat, or it should be. Canoeing is not agreeable in cold weather ; there- fore if one is upset no great harm can result, as the canoe will not only float, but it will keep its crew afloat also, and a duck- ing in summer is not a serious mishap. A few fatal accidents have happened to canoemen, but almost without exception tht- unfortunates could not swim or took foolhardy chances. Testing a Canoe. It is well to prove a new canoe safe by trying experiments with it near the shore, in order to find out if the air chambers are watertight, and to make sure that you can get in a capsized canoe from the water and bail it out. If the compartments are not watertight, have them made so at once. If you find you cannot get in the canoe after upsetting it. practice till you can. This trick is quite simple when you have acquired the knack. Learn to get in over the side, either side, and over the end; sometimes this is a more convenient way. If this sort of experi- menting has been tried, tlie canoeman who is pitched overboard at sometime or other (as all aie sure to be sooner or later) will know just what to do and will have confidence in liimself, and that is always half the battle. This confidence may be the means of saving another's life. The Canadians have a trick of shaking the water out of a swamped open canoe while swim- ming alongside, and then the paddler climbs in over the side withou-: upsetting even a very cranky craft. It is a pretty trick and few would believe it possible without seeing it done. PADDLING. Position. •^^^^^-^^^ADDLINCr is good exercise for the aims, wrists. f^ hack, and even the legs come in for a share. The I paddler may sit, kneel on one knee or on two. ^•i;rypyp-!ipr^ OT Stand while paddling. The standing position is only taken for racing — and rarely even tken. The sitting position is the most comfortable, naturally, and the one usually taken for double blade paddling in either decked or open canoes. (See illustrations on pages 6 and 7.) When learning to paddle, it is well to sit very low down in the canoe, as the boat is far less likely to upset. The greatest power can be obtained when the paddler sits on about a level with the gunwale, but the canoe is usually very cranky then. Single Blade. (See cut, page 6.) The Canadians kneel on a cushion when paddling with the single blade, and half sit on a cross piece under which the feet are put, so that the heels also get a good brace. When two persons paddle an open canoe one sits forward and the other aft, and they paddle on opposite sides, changing from right to left, or left to right when they get tired. It requires consider- able skill for one person to paddle a canoe with a single blade CANOEING ^3 naddle. for.hcn.hepaddlersitsin the middle and paddles on ,„e side only. The canoe is kept from changing Us course by a tnrn of the paddle at the end of the stroke. Th,s tnrn of the paddle is done by the ^vrist, and when once acquired u ,s very easy to keep the canoe on a true course all the time. Cushions. cushions for canoes should be filled with cork .havings. They can then be used as life preservers in case of accdent. Double Blade. (See cut. page 7 > The double blade paddle is frequently used in open canoes and when the paddler takes a kneeling posit.on. A fomplete stroke then means a dip of the paddle on the rtght s,de of the ,nd one on the left. It is entirely unnecessary to describe rro:ro:T;:dd,ing_anyone takes .0 ;---yJ- seated in a canoe and a paddle is placed m his or her hand rTl^mer faces forward and paddling is a perfectly natural motion quite ttnlike rowi.g. The usual position for the double blade paddler to take is on a cushion four or five inche "hove the bot'om of the boat. The feet rest on a stretcher which gives them a good brace. There is a cushioned back es against which the back and shoulders -e comfortably bTaced and in this delightfully easy position the work o paddling is done, while the paddler at all times sees where he '-T-^'te^'romrarCr^/'oXaierr; rranTt:: n"r find them very sore if he padd.s ^ ^,„ Iv the first few times he tries this new exercise. Writer s rampinthewHstscanbe cured by a little paddling exercise daily- „. . Paddling Fittings. , pa.ldlii.g canoe needs only a cushion back rest foot brace J Twiddle .0 make it complete. Add a line at the bow (the 14 CANOEIM.. painter) for towing or ticing the canoe and a sponge, and you' have all that the most exacting enthusiast could desire. Varieties of Canoe Some of the paddling canoes in conimoi: use are : the very small, light, open or decked canoes between ten or twelve feet long, the Canadian open canoes, and the regular decked canoes of {lom fourteen to sixteen reet in length. Still another form of paddling canoe was originated by the Toronto Canoe Cli^b in 18S9. and has since become quite a club feature of the sport — the big war canoe as it is called. This is a canoe thirty to thirty-five feet long, holding sixteen paddlers and several passengers besides. The big club canoe is very popular with the ladies, as there is plenty of room in it for them to move about, and they are in no danger of getting their dresses damaged by spray and the drip from the paddles. Then there is a certain sociability about a big party in one boat, that is al)sent when the same number, perhaps, are in small boats. A race between two or three of these big fellows is a fine sight, the sixteen men in each bending all their strength to the paddles at each stroke, and the several captains shouting orders or encouraging their crews. The \\ ar canoe when fully manned and going at racing speed looks, at a little distance, like soane great sea monster walking over the water on sixteen legs, as the men and the paddles move in unison and the individuals cannot he distinguished, and w^hen the men are all dressed alike in s6me appropriate costume the effect is still more striking. Steering Qear. Carroes used almost exclusively for paddling are sometimes fitted ivith a rudder, from the head of which lines run to pedals in the bottom of the canoe against Avhich the feet rest, and by this means a .slight movement of one foot or the other steers the canoe, thus relieving the arms of considerable work, especially in rough water. Open canoes are generally round bottomed and have little or no keel, and are therefore so easily steered 1)_\: the paddle ih.at a rudiler is entirely unnecessary. I'he rudder is absolutely necessary for sailing, and on a sailing canoe is very convenient even when i)addling, especially when a strong wind is blowing which ha-, a constant tendency to drive the bow 0:1 the true course. Paddles. The single blade ])addle should be quite stifl", with very little spring to the blade and handle. A springy blade is known m (anad.a as a "woman's paddle.' The double l)lade should be about nine feet long, with a joint in the middle, so it can be taken apart and stowed below wdien not in use. The blades should be comparatively long and not very wide to get the best effect with the least effort. A short, wide blade is apt to get broken or split easily and strains the arms, as it does not give when dipped. A blade should slip through the water a little, especiallv during the Hrst few strokes, to give the best results. Drip Cup. The beginner will find that the water from the blades will run down the round of the paddle to the hands. This is caused by raising the paddle at too great an angle at each stroke. The drip can be prevented by putting drip cups on the rounil of the paddle just above the blade at each end. The best drip cup i> made by cutting the nipple off a rubber breast shield and sliij- ping the round of the paddle through the hole thus made. These breast shields can be bought at any drug store. An experienced paddler needs no drip cup to keep his hands dry. Getting In and Out. A beginner should be careful when getting in or out of a canoe, for at such times capsizes are most likely to occur. The canoe is very steady and not at all likely to up.et when the , paddler is sitting down, as his weight is then so placed that the centre of gravitv is verv lnw — much more so than in a r(Mv boat, i6 CA.NOF.IN(; in which the oarsman sits on a seat near the level of the gun- wale and far above the water line. But when the paddler stands up, the conditions are reversed, and the narrow beam of the canoe, compared with the ordinary row boat, tells heavily against it in the matter of stability. A little practice in getting afloat RACING. and ashore at the beginning will help the novice to avoid a couraging upset, which is almost sure to ensue without it. Feathering. Join the two parts of the paddle with the blades at right angles to each other, so that the blade in the air at each stroke pre- sents its edge to the wind—'- feathers " in other words. A slight turn of i!.e wrist at each stroke accompli dies the result. It will be^ound far easier to paddle against a breeze when feathering. The A\ ind you cannot control, and therefore learn to paddle --Sainst It with the least friction of paddle, canoe body and annd. It is well to arrange a cruise down stream if you cr.n. Take every advantage of eddies and slack water along shore when paddling up stream or against the tide. Carry a light at night if in navigable waters— it is the law. 18 CA.NOKING. Criiising Rig, Hoisting Sails wiili battens and Reefing Gear Sections, Lines, Deck and Sheer Plans of a Decked Racing C:aiK SAILING. ♦'^^^^^^^^^ i I E ^ail plays the principal pari w lic-ii Lanoc cruising i "T" fi is done on open water. A sailing canoe i-, nmcl, I I I more complicated than a paddler. It must \t:\\x- a ^sprvjirsFrep-^ rudder, a centreboard or keel, besides one or more suits of two sails. The canoeman used to sit on the bottom for sailing, but the deck position has so many advantages that it is now universally taken. (See frontispiece and cut on page i6 ) Canoes are sailed exactly in the same way as a larger boat, and the canoe racing rules are almost exactly the same as those for the yacht racing. The paddle is always carried when sailing, to use in case the wind fails. There is not a prettier thing in the world than a canoe under .sail. ■ It is a little butterily on the water. If you want to see a pretty sight, go to one of the American Canoe Association's annual meets and watch a canoe sailing race, where twenty or more of these little fellows cross a line and sail over a triangii iar course in sight all the time. Every style of canoe, sail, and rig maybe seen along the shore and on the water during the two weeks of the meet, and more can be learned in a half days study of them than in a year of reading. The racing men some years ago adopted what is known as the sliding deck seat, which extends over the side of the canoe and on which the captain sits when sailing. It can be shifted from one side to the other when the canoe tacks and is much more comfortable to sit on than the deck, and dryer when sailing in rough water. Considerable skill is required to keep a canoe right side up when sailing, r.:- the harder the wind blows the further out of the canoe must the skipper get to hold it up. Crui>ers now use a deck seat, as it adds so much to one's com- fort when sailing. The regular sailing-racing canoes are now decked over entirely. 20 rANOKlNi;, with the exception of a small hole, called a cockpit, for the feet. This cockpit is boarded in on all sides, so that whatever water gets into it cannot get into the hold of the canoe. An upset in such a canoe does not matter in the least. The skipper climbs out on the windward side and by his weight lifts the sails out of the water and thus rights the canoe. As no water has been able to get into the canoe except the gallon or two in the cock- pit, the skipper sails on again as though nothing had happened. No canoeman minds getting his feet wet when sailing. The cockpit in an ordinary cruising canoe should l>c at least six feet clear between the bulkheads if the captain expects to sleep in it at any time. The deck opening need not be over five feet long and at least half of this can be covered with removable hatches. The Sailing Canoe. The paddling canoe is simple — boat, seat and paddling be- ing the essentials. The sailing canoe has, in addition to these, spars, sails, rigging, centreboard or keel, rudder or steering gear (perhaps ballast,) and a sliding seat. The canoe is so small and light a boat that it is necessary the sailor should keep in the middle to trim ship. Thus, it has come about, in order to get an effective rig. that the sail area is divided into two sails, one in front, and the other behind him. A rudder is necessary to control the movement of the canoe at all times. A boat must have considerable lateral resistance (as it is called, to sail in any direction relative to the course of the wind except straight before it. If a sail is put up in a shallow pad- dling canoe, and the boat is headed at right angles to the direction of the Avmd, for instance^ it will be found to drift sideways almost as fast as it goes ahead — it makes "leeway." accordmg to the sailor's vernacular. The addition of a straight, deep keel will prevent this and make it possible for the canoe to sail to Avindward; that is, by a series of tacks — sailing dagonally to the course of the wind — actually to make pro.gress CANOEING. '"^crXG RIG. STANDING bAlL AND SLIDING SEAT, 22 CAXOUNC,^ against tlic wind. Iheie arc many disadvantages to the 'use of a keel. It makes the boat draw more water and, consequently. it cannot be navigated in sliallows. The long, straight keel prevents quick turning, and it adds materially to the weight. A hoisting centreboard serves the same jnirpose and does away with these disadvantages. The first sailing canoes had only one .small sail forward, about an inch of keel along the bottom, and were steered with the paddle, the skipper sitting at the bottom in exactly the same position as when paddling. Gradually the keel was deep- ened, the sail area increased, a se. ond sail added, and the rap- tain changed hi:; seat to the deck, so that his weight would be more effectively exerted against the sail ])ressure. Then the rudder became a necessity. The idea of making the earn c a general all-around sailing, paddling, cruising and campirg boat was alone recognized for many years, and all improv mients in rig were in this line. Therefore, when the centre' )ard was introduced, it was placed well forward so as not to c xmy the open cockpit space which the skipper occupied. The rig necessary with such a disposition of centreboard, in order to preserve the balance, was a large sail forward and a small sail aft. Some canoes were built with two centreboards, a very small one aft, so that more sail could be carried on the mizzenmast. The modern sailing canoe is the direct result of racing. The canoes that entered the races at the annual American Canoe Association meets, previous to iSSS. were all fairly good cruising canoes. Since then, the purely racing machine has come to the front^ and the general utility canoe relegated to the rear. Forty-three canoes crossed the finishing line in one sailing race at the meet of 1889. Six Avas the largest oum.ber that completed the course in 1893. A good sailing canoe can be built and rigged for $150.00. A fully equipped sailing-racing canoe, to compete successful!}- — 'th the modern flyers, costs considerably over $200.00. Long practice and great skill are required to win a sailing race; but CANOE GYiMNASTICS OX SLIDING SLAT. 24 CAKOVINa. anyone who knows even a little about sailiiirr, can very soon learn to manage a moderately rigged ciuising canoe and derive great pleasure from the sport. Racing at present is too expen- sive in time and money fi;r many men to indulge in it. A few years ago the canoemen were ©bliged to make iheir own sails, do their own rigging, and even design and superin- tend the building of their canoes. The expert racers do this to-day. Now, the best builders supply all the modern improve- ments, and a fully equipped saling canoe can be purchased ready for the buyer to put in the water, get in himself and sail away. The Centreboard. This IS a brass plate working in a trunk, hoisted and lowered by a rod or line. The nearer it is placed to the centre of the canoe the better from a purely sailing point of view. It can be so placed without inconveniencing the canoeman, if he gives up all idea of sleeping in his boat. This was thought to be a necessary qualification of any canoe formerly, and veiy pretty and convenient tents were made to put up at night over the cockpit as a shelter, the canoe, of course, being drawn up on the shore. (See cut on page 8.) There are two makes of folding boards, fan-shaped, in lim- ited use to-day, which, when hoisted, occupy a small, water- tight box in the keel of the canoe and leave the cockpit clear for sleeping room. They are somewhat prone to get out of order and check the speed considerably when lowered, and are, consequently, not popular. (See page 9, Radix Folding-board.) If a small and compact shore tent is carried in the hold of the canoe, all camping requirements are provided without in any way lessening the speed and handiness of the canoe. The centreboard is dropped when sailing on all points of the wind, except just before it, and may be left down then as bal- last without any appreciable loss of speed It is hauled up when paddling, cruising in shallow water, and when the canoe is housed or drawn up on shore. It can even be lifted out of the rAN«lKlN(;. 25 trunk and clear of llie canoe lo lessen the weight to be carric'. if so dc ired. (Canoe on paj^e iS has plate-board.) The Rudder The drop rudder is now almost universally used. It .s of brass, and the plate that is in the water can be raised when it is down by means of a line leading to the cockpit ; when up it From au instantaneous photograph. drops of its own weight, if the line is released. The drop rud der, when down, reaches far below the keel, and rarely if ever jumps out of the water when the stern goes up in the air as the canoe rides over a high wave. It is thus always partly in the water at least, and will steer the canoe at any time. It is 20 CANOKINC".. raised' up just as llic centreboard is -when the eanoe is run into ^hallcnv water or on .-here. (See cut on pa;.;e (j. ) Lines run from the rudder crosshead to a tiller w ilhiu easy reacli of the canoeman's hand. This tiller is a movable stick luvoted on the deck, a\ liich can t)e reached from either side of the canoe on which the skipper happens to be sitting. (See ( ut on page iS — upper one ) If a sliding deck seat is used, on which the sailor sits well out over the side of the cai^.oe, tlie tiller is made to slide also, so as always to l)e within reach. (See frontispiece.) The sliding seat is a racing device, as is also the athwart ship tiller, but both have been found so comfortable for cruising ])urposes that they are now generally used on all sailing canoes. but not, of course, made to the extreme racing sizes. The cut of a crack racing canoe on the preceding page shows to what lengths the sliding seat has been carried. A smart squall has just struck the sails and the skipper has gone out to the extreme length of his seat to keep the canoe from capsizing, thus getting his entire body out to the windward of the boat. It requires strength and skill to go to such extremes, as the slightest let up in the force of the wind, without a quick shift of position, would upset the canoe to windward. (See frontispiece, cuts on l>ages i6, 21 and 23 for sliding seats.) Sails. There is proliably no form, shape, cut or make of sail that has not at some time l)een tried on a canoe. The sails and rig must be very simple, as one man has to handle them and at the same time balance and manage the eanoe. The lateen is a simple sail, and for this reason was very popular and largely used a few years ago. The sail is triangular, with sticks (spars) on two sides linked together at the angle — boom and yard. A short mast with a pin in the top completes the spars. A ring is lashed to the yard which fits over the pin in the mast, and a jaw on the boom, which fits the mast and holds the boom in place. A line attached near the end of the boom, called the sheet. ANOEINC, ^7 V LATEEN SAIL AND SPARS. completes the out.k. The canoeman trin.s ,he sail with the sheet ana the sail is bochly Mte.l off the mast when n .s to be taken dosvn. ^Vhen two sails are used, the sheet of the m..zen ,,.h>ch is belund the skipper) lea- sociate any other member with himself. RiTLE III. — All entries must be in writing, on the blanks pro- vided, and must be handed in to the Regatta Committee within such time as they may direct. Rule IA". — Every canoe entering, except for an upset race must have her entry number conspicuously placed on canoe or man when jiaddling, and