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 Copy 1 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WISCONSIN STATE COUNCIL 
 OF DEFENSE 
 
 April 12. 1917— June 30, 1919. 
 
 PubliBhed by 
 
 Wisconsin State Council of Defense 
 
 Madison, Wisconsin 
 
> MM ' 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 WISCONSIN STATE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE 
 
 Covering the Period 
 
 April 12, 1917— June 30, 1919 
 
'^. of fi. 
 
Honorable E. L. Philipp, 
 
 Governor of Wisconsin, 
 State Capitol, Madison. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 We have the honor to transmit herewith a report of the activ- 
 ities and the finances of the Wisconsin State Council of Defense 
 from April 12, 1917, the date of the passage of the law authoriz- 
 ing the appointment of the Council, to June 30, 1919. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chm. 
 J. S. Evans, 
 J. G. D. Mack, 
 J. M. Reese, 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 Henry A. Burd, 
 
 Executive Secretary. 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 This is not a history of Wisconsin in the World War. It is 
 a record simply and concisely presented of the State Council of 
 Defense — its organization, method of procedure, and principal 
 activities. Source material for the future historian of Wiscon- 
 sin's part in the Great War will be found here, as well as nu- 
 merous suggestions which, followed out, would open up vast 
 stores of information for his use. 
 
 Neither is this an exhaustive account of any single activity 
 connected, directly or indirectly, with the war. It is only an 
 outline, a mere sketch of the general field. The specific work, 
 the detailed accomplishments, of the seventy-one County Coun- 
 cils of Defense could not be included. These bodies received 
 their legal status through the State Council, and suggestions 
 and general directions Avere given by the parent body, but it 
 is to the resourcefulness and energy of the individuals in the 
 County Councils of Defense, of the officers and members, that 
 full credit must be given for the magnifieent record made by 
 Wisconsin in non-combatant military activities. Their records, 
 as well as those of the State Council, have been carefully pre- 
 served and should some day form the basis of the permanent and 
 official Historj' of Wisconsin in the War. 
 
 Nor is this an account of the accomplishments of individuals. 
 To include only the names of state chairmen in the reports of 
 the various committees and thus imply that they brought about 
 the results accomplished would be manifestly unfair to the 
 thousands of men and women throughout the state whose 
 patriotic and self-sacrificing voluntary service alone made pos- 
 sible whatever was done. Furthermore, there was no self-seek- 
 ing. All labored toward the common end of strengthening 
 Wisconsin and the Nation to win the decisive victory which 
 came to Allied arms. A list of all the individuals serving in 
 this "home army" would be virtually a roll call of the popula- 
 tion of Wisconsin. No individual called upon for service, no 
 matter how menial the task or how insignificant the station, 
 ever failed to respond with full measure of devotion. To at- 
 tempt to name them all is manifestly impossible. 
 
 The "Directory'' of state and county chairmen of the various 
 war bodies in Wisconsin is included primarily as a reference 
 list, secondarily to exhibit the interrelations of the Council of 
 
 4 
 
Defense System with all other war bodies. Because of promis- 
 cuous and indiscriminate use, the word "cooperation" has fallen 
 somewhat into disrepute during the war. Even a casual per- 
 usal of this Report and of the names in the Directory will, in 
 the light of Wisconsin's record, demonstrate conclusively that 
 real cooperation in this state was not a name merely but a fact. 
 The story herein briefly suggested is one of humble service, 
 of willing and generous sacrifice. These were they who w^ore 
 the garb of plain citizenship, who served their country in her 
 hour of need by purchasing government bonds, by producing 
 and conserving food, fuel, and the other implements of modern 
 warfare, by educating the people in the righteousness and the 
 justice of America's cause, by organizing the "home army" 
 whose moral and material contribution played a not inconse- 
 quential part in the winning of the war. 
 
 But w^hatever service is here represented, whatever sacrifice 
 is here delineated was made necessary and rendered useful only 
 by the greater service and the nobler sacrifice of those thou- 
 sands of Wisconsin 's sons and daughters who served as soldiers, 
 sailors, marines, and nurses. Those who served in camp, in 
 hospital, in the trenches, or on the sea ; those whose bodies 
 blocked the advance of selfish tyranny ; those whose souls were 
 seared by the fire of battle ; those who gave their lives for a 
 great cause and now sleep in foreign fields — to each and all of 
 them w^as dedicated and is dedicated the humble labor of us 
 at home. 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chm. 
 J. S. Evans, 
 J. G. D. Mack, 
 J. M. Reese, 
 
 Executive Committee. 
 Henry A. Burd, 
 
 Executive Secretary. 
 
ARRANGEMENT OF MATERIAL 
 
 I. Chronology 
 
 II. Organization 
 
 A. Members 
 
 B. Officers 
 
 C. Changes in members and officers 
 
 D. County and Community Councils 
 
 E. Committees 
 
 III. Method of Operation 
 
 IV. Major Council Activities 
 
 A. Agriculture 
 
 B. Confidential Work 
 
 C. Cooperation with Federal Organizations 
 
 D. County and Community Councils 
 
 E. Fund for Minnesota Fire Sufferers 
 
 F. War History 
 
 G. Labor 
 
 H. Legal Aid 
 I. Liberty Music 
 J. Medical Preparedness 
 K. Non-War Construction 
 L. Publicity 
 M. Recruiting 
 N. Soldier Pal 
 0. Speakers 
 P. Women's Organizations 
 
 V. Miscellaneous Council Activities 
 
 VI. Financial Statements 
 
 A. Under Chapter 82, Laws of 1917 
 
 B. Under Chapter 356, Laws of 1917 
 
 C. Under Chapter 561, Laws of 1917 
 
 VII. Directory 
 
 A. Personnel of State Council of Defense Committees 
 
 B. Executive Officers of County Councils of Defense 
 
 C. Chairmen of County Woman's Committees 
 
 D. County Explosives Directors 
 
 E. Comity Food Administrators 
 
 F. County Fuel Administrators 
 
 G. County War Savings Directors 
 
 6 
 
I. CHRONOLOGY 
 
 Upon recommendation of Governor E. L. Philipp, the Wis- 
 consin State Legislature on April 12, 1917, passed a bill which 
 became Chapter 82, Laws of 1917, establishing a State Council 
 of Defense, the first in the nation to be created by legislative act 
 following the declaration of war. The law specified the func- 
 tion of the Council to be, "to assist the Governor in doing all 
 things necessary to bring about the highest effectiveness within 
 the state in the crisis now existing and to coordinate all our 
 efforts with those of the Federal Government and with those 
 of other states." Within a week the Council was organized 
 and in operation. Rooms were assigned it on the fourth floor 
 of the Capitol, and the weekly meetings of the Council were 
 held in the Governor's Reception Room. Before a month had 
 passed the work of the Council had grown to such an extent 
 that the offices were moved to the third floor of the west wing 
 of the Capitol, where, at the time of the signing of the armis- 
 tice, eleven rooms were occupied. Meetings of the Council and 
 of the Agricultural Committee were held weekly in the Judi- 
 ciary room. 
 
 When the U. S. Food Administration was authorized by act 
 of Congress in September, 1917, the Chairman of the State 
 Council of Defense was made the Federal Food Administrator 
 for Wisconsin, and the two ofifices were conducted jointly. The 
 work grew very rapidly, and in the spring of 1918 it was seen 
 that a division was advisable. Accordingly on the 13tli of 
 May the offices of the Food Administration were removed to 
 the south wing of the Capitol. 
 
 Not long thereafter the Non-War Construction Committee 
 was organized and met in daily session until the armistice. 
 
 With the signing of the armistice on November 11, a studied 
 reduction in the working force and the expenses of the Council 
 was inaugurated. On November 15 the following telegram was 
 sent by Chairman Heddles to President Wilson and to Secretary 
 Baker as Chairman of the Council of National Defense : 
 
 "The Wisconsin State Council of Defense was 
 created by Act of the Legislature April twelve, nine- 
 teen seventeen as an advisory body to the Governor to 
 carry out the recommendations of the Council of Na- 
 tional Defense and to cooperate with other State Coun- 
 cils in the war program. 
 
 7 
 
"The law specifies that 'all departments, bureaus, 
 boards, commissions, and institutions receiving public 
 funds, or officers of state or of any county or munici- 
 pality therein and all citizens shall cooperate with and 
 give all such reasonable aid to the Council as may be 
 required by it. ' 
 
 "The State Council of Defense with headquarters in 
 Madison has had close and wholehearted cooperation 
 from the legislature and its communities, all depart- 
 ments of the state government, the University, College 
 of Agriculture, normal schools, public schools, and 
 state organizations of labor, farmers, merchants, and 
 professional men. No other body could possibly have 
 been so universally favored with counsel, moral sup- 
 port, and active assistance of so many able men and 
 thoroughly equipped organizations. All are ready to 
 continue during the period of reconstruction. 
 
 "State Committees of the Council covering every 
 branch of war and reconstruction work embrace rep- 
 resentatives of all state departments and institutions. 
 
 "Early in the war a Council of Defense was organ- 
 ized in each of the seventy-one counties of the state 
 with committees of men and women. There were later 
 developed local or community councils with their 
 committees of men and women. Our organization now 
 comprises the State Council, seventy-one County Coun- 
 cils, upwards of twenty-five hundred Community Coun- 
 cils, all with their committees and sub-committees, to- 
 gether an army of more than fifteen thousand active, 
 voluntary workers. 
 
 ''Forward, the official bi-weekly publication of the 
 State Council carries a record of Wisconsin's war 
 activities and the recommendations of the National 
 Council to fourteen thousand Council workers in the 
 state, reaching thereby several times that number of 
 individuals. 
 
 "Through this Council of Defense system or by its 
 aid were developed all the federal agencies which have 
 operated in the state during the war ; the food adminis- 
 tration, fuel administration, explosives regulation, lib- 
 erty loan, war saving stamps, Red Cross, united war 
 fund, and private volimteer organizations have secured 
 their county chairmen and local committees on recom- 
 mendation or from the membership of the County 
 
 8 
 
Councils. Many Connty Conneils as such have handled 
 all activities. 
 
 "These thousands of men and women giving their 
 time and energy voluntarily to Council of Defense 
 work would not be available for other services at any 
 salary that could be paid. They comprise the pick of 
 the state's men and women, the best and most promi- 
 nent in every activity. No worthy organization of any 
 type could be established on a state-wide basis without 
 drawing heavily on the Council of Defense w^orkers. 
 No organization could be formed in less than two 
 years' time which would begin to compare with the 
 Council of Defense system in varied ability, number 
 of capable persons involved, thoroughness of coopera- 
 tion, speed, smoothness, and efficiency of operation. 
 
 "Unless this Council of Defense system is used in 
 federal reconstruction activities in Wisconsin, or if 
 other agencies are formed in this state to carry out the 
 national After-the-War program, this system, built up 
 through nineteen months of travail, will disintegrate 
 and its tremendous possibilities be lost. 
 
 "The Council of Defense system in Wisconsin, an 
 organization reaching every village and rural section 
 of the state, with thousands of willing and able men 
 and women ready ,to put in motion a working set of 
 machinery, I have the honor to offer freely to the Presi- 
 dent of the United States and the Council of National 
 Defense with the praj^er that they make direct use of 
 it in all federal reconstruction activities in Wisconsin. 
 
 "AVe await your instructions." 
 
 The President's Secretary acknowledged receipt of the mes- 
 sage, but no acknowledgment was ever had from the Council of 
 National Defense. As this silence in Washington continued, 
 the Avonderful organization built up over the state began slowly 
 to disintegrate as the individuals relaxed from the strain of 
 war times. It appeared that no constructive program was to 
 be forthcoming from Washington. On December 10, accord- 
 ingly. Governor Philipp sent to the Chairman of the State Coun- 
 cil of Defense the following letter : 
 
 "In accord with the conferences with your executive 
 committee relative to the advisability of continuing 
 the functions of the State Council of Defense and its 
 subsidiary organizations, the County Councils of De- 
 
 9 
 
fense, I request that the matter be brought before the 
 State €ouncil at its next meeting. 
 
 "I feel that the demobilization of such a splendidly 
 organized group of men and women, who have so un- 
 selfishly performed their duties throughout the state, 
 must be accomplished only when conditions are such 
 that their services as official representatives of the 
 state and counties are no longer needed. I, therefore, 
 request that your body consider carefully the prob- 
 able necessities of the future and insofar as you deem 
 advisable for the welfare of the state, to transfer all 
 activities to existing departments of state and county 
 government. 
 
 ''It is my earnest desire that the state resume its 
 normal functions as soon as possible both from the 
 standpoint of state economy and from the standpoint 
 of relieving those patriotic and self-sacrificing men and 
 women from duties which during the war emergency 
 greatly interfered with their personal interests and 
 which now may be performed by the paid servants of 
 the citizens of the state. 
 
 "At the same time I desire that all records of the 
 state and county councils be properly filed for future 
 reference and that due consideration be given by your 
 body for the maintenance of a skeleton organization 
 which may be quickly mobilized if an emergency arise. 
 It will therefore be necessary for the State Council to 
 determine what activities may still be considered as 
 war emergencies of the state and to advise me as to the 
 proper disposition of such activities. 
 
 "At this time I desire to express to you and through 
 you to the members of the State Council and of the 
 County Councils my sincere appreciation of the efforts 
 of you all in mobilizing the resources of the state not 
 only to meet the war needs of the Federal Government, 
 but those of the civilian citizens of our state." 
 This communication received the very serious consideration 
 of the Council and especially of its Executive Committee, who 
 formulated the following plan of demobilization which was 
 formally approved by the Council and the Governor on Decem- 
 ber 19, 1918 : 
 
 "WHEREAS the Executive Committee of the Wis- 
 consin State Council of Defense, with the addition of 
 Mrs. E. C. Thompson, Assistant Executive Secretary, 
 
 10 
 
representing the Woman's Committee, was on Decem- 
 ber 9, 1918, appointed by the Council to formulate a 
 plan of demobilization for the State Council of Defense, 
 and 
 
 "WHEREAS the major war activities of the Coun- 
 cil are now ended and as the problems from this time 
 forth will be essentially those of peace, 
 
 "THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the State 
 Council recommend that the Governor take the neces- 
 sary steps to dissolve, legally and formally, this body 
 created by the Wisconsin Legislature under Chapter 
 82, Laws of 1917, for the purpose of meeting a war 
 emergency; and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the following 
 committees of the State Council be immediately de- 
 mobilized : Agriculture, Capital Issues, Emergency 
 Employment, Labor, Manufacture, Legal, Military 
 Survey, Mineral Resources, Mobilization, Non-War 
 Construction, Organization, Patriotic and Recruiting, 
 Reconstruction, Red Cross and Relief, Science and Re- 
 search, Soldier Pal, Transportation and Communica- 
 tion, and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the activities 
 of the Americanization Committee be transferred to 
 the Department of Education and to the proper Com- 
 mittee of the Wisconsin Division of the Woman's Com- 
 mittee of the Council of National Defense, and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Commit- 
 tee on Medical Preparedness be demobilized and its 
 various activities transferred to the State Board of 
 Health, State Board of Nurses' Examiners, and the 
 Wisconsin State Committee, Medical Section, Council 
 of National Defense, and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Commit- 
 tee on Woman's Organizations be demobilized and such 
 of its activities as it is deemed advisable to continue 
 because of recommendations of the Woman's Commit- 
 tee of the Council of National Defense, be transferred 
 to the Wisconsin Division of the Woman's Committee 
 of the Council of National Defense, and further that 
 the State Council of Defense express sincere apprecia- 
 tion to the eighty thousand organized women of the 
 state for their cooperation in affiliating themselves 
 with the state and county organizations of the Wis- 
 
 11 
 
consin Council of Defense system during the war emer- 
 gency; and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the War Gar- 
 dens Committee be continued under the direction of 
 Mr. Frederick Cranefield until such time as it has com- 
 pleted the important work Avhich is now planned ; and 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Home 
 Demonstration Agents employed under a sub-commit- 
 tee of the Agricultural Committee be financed at the 
 discretion of the different County Boards of Supervis- 
 ors upon request of the proper authorities having in 
 charge the administration in Wisconsin of Federal 
 Act No. 347, Sixty-Fourth Congress; and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the History 
 committee be continued until dissolution of the Coun- 
 cil and that the 1919 legislature be requested to take 
 steps to create and finance a State War History Com- 
 mission to compile and publish the history of Wiscon- 
 sin during the Avar; and further that the State Council 
 of Defense strongly urge that the History Committees 
 of all the counties continue their efforts unabated in 
 order that a complete history of all community war 
 activities as well as of each County Council of Defense 
 may be carefully compiled ; and 
 
 ''BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Executive, 
 Publicity, Finance, and Auditing Committees be con- 
 tinued until all outstanding debts have been liquid- 
 ated and the final auditing of all books made ; and 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Governor, 
 for the State Council of Defense, express sincere appre- 
 ciation of the patriotic services of all the faithful co- 
 workers for their hearty cooperation in carrying the 
 war burdens Avhieh have been placed upon them and 
 congratulate these self-sacrificing men and women on 
 the success which has attended their efforts. These 
 workers have performed their tasks at great personal 
 sacrifice of time, energy, and money with no expecta- 
 tion of reward, except the pride and satisfaction of 
 having stood for the principles of righteousness as ex- 
 emplified by their nation in the world confiict. To 
 each and all of them the State Council of Defense gives 
 full measure of praise and honor. 
 Hardly had this scheme for demobilization been decided upon 
 when the Council of National Defense began urging that the 
 
 12 
 
State Council not disband but continue its organization for 
 post-war reconstruction work, definite programs for which 
 were said to be forthcoming- soon. With the desire that Wis- 
 consin should always be found ready to support the Federal 
 Government, the demobilization was not concluded at this time. 
 
 When the Legislature convened the first week in January, 
 1919, the State Afi:'airs Committee requested that the State Coun- 
 cil of Defense continue until the County Councils of Defense 
 should finish the major tasks which were then before them, chief 
 of these being the coming Fifth Liberty Loan Campaign. In this 
 request the Federal Keserve Banks and the Liberty Loan Di- 
 rectors for Wisconsin joined with extreme urgency. The Coun- 
 cil was accordingly continued, although with greatly- reduced 
 personnel and quite limited expenditure, to cooperate in the 
 Liberty Loan campaign and in any other activities proposed by 
 the Federal authorities. 
 
 After the conclusion of the Victory Liberty Loan campaign 
 and upon the presentation to Germany of the peace terms, the 
 Executive Committee recommended that the State Council of 
 Defense be officially disbanded. Accordingly the State Affairs 
 Committee of the Assembly on May 14 introduced a bill repeal- 
 ing the law under which the Council was created and providing 
 that this action should take efi'ect June 30, 1919, prior to which 
 date a report of the Council of Defense should be published. 
 
 13 
 
II. ORGANIZATION 
 A. Members 
 
 Pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 82, Laws of 1917, the 
 Governor appointed the following members of the Council (the 
 Governor is ex-officio a member of the Council and all its Com- 
 mittees) : 
 
 A. T. Van Scoy, Milwaukee, representing the manufacturing 
 interests. 
 
 Fred Brockhausen, Milwaukee, representing labor. 
 
 Edward Nordman, Polar, representing the farmers. 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan, Madison, representing the Red Cross and 
 Relief Societies. 
 
 Dr. J. S. Evans, Madison, representing the medical profession. 
 
 J. R. Wheeler, Columbus, representing the bankers. 
 
 P. C. Eldredge, Oeonomowoc, representing the railroads. 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Madison, a trained engineer. 
 
 Orlando Holway, Madison, State Adjutant General, ex-officio. 
 
 Mangnus Swenson, Madison 
 
 John M. Reese, Dodgeville '"^^''^ citizens. 
 
 B. Officers 
 
 The members so appointed met in the Executive Chamber at 
 10 A. M., April 18, and elected the following officers : 
 
 Mangus Swenson, Chairman; J. G. D. Mack, Vice-Chairman ; 
 A. L. P. Dennis, Secretary. 
 
 C. Changes in Members and Officers 
 
 On May 31, 1917, Mr. Dennis resigned as secretary, and A. H. 
 Melville was elected to succeed him, H. A. Burd being chosen 
 assistant-secretary. 
 
 Because of the pressure of private business, Mr. Nordman re- 
 signed on May 2, 1917. Governor Philipp appointed George 
 Carpenter of Baraboo in his stead. Later, on August 11, Mr. 
 Carpenter resigned because of his inability to attend the meet- 
 ings of the Council as regularly as he wished. The Governor 
 appointed Georg-e A. Buckstaff of Oshkosh as his successor. 
 
 Upon the separation of the Food Administration offices from 
 those of the State Council on May 13, 1918, Mr. Melville re- 
 
 14 
 
signed as secretary. The Council elected J. B. Borden, then 
 Assistant State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 On October 15, 1918, Mr. Swenson resigned as chairman in 
 order to devote his entire time to Food Administration prob- 
 lems. He was succeeded by W. S. Heddles. 
 
 Pursuant to agreement Avith the Governor, Mr. Borden was 
 released on November 1, 1918, to assume his duties at the Uni- 
 versity. H. A. Burd was elected as his successor. On Novem- 
 ber 14, Mrs. E. C. Thompson of La Crosse was chosen assistant- 
 secretary. 
 
 On November 15, 1918, Mrs. Morgan resigned to become Exe- 
 cutive officer of the AVoman's Compound, AVar Prison Barracks, 
 Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. Because the armistice had been signed 
 and there was no certainty as to the continuation of the Council, 
 the vacancy was not filled. 
 
 Mr. P. C. Eldredge died at his home in Oconomowoc the 
 morning of May 6 and was buried May 10. The following 
 resolution of appreciation and sympathy was f orAvarded to Mrs. 
 Eldredge by the Executive Committee of the State Council : 
 
 "WHEREAS it has pleased the Omnipotent Creator 
 of heaven and earth to call from this life our esteemed 
 colleague PERCY C. ELDREDGE, 
 
 "THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED by the AVis:Mm- 
 sin State Council of Defense that we express our sin- 
 cere appreciation of the loyalty and devotion of our 
 late comrade, of the spirit of unselfish service which 
 animated him throughout the two years of his member- 
 ship on the State Council of Defense, of the unpreten- 
 tious sacrifice which caused him freely to spend and be 
 spent in the service of his state and nation. His was 
 the unassuming service, the quiet demeanor Avhich bears 
 the dignity of deep sincerity. We came to know him 
 intimately — as soldiers know each other in the fire of 
 battle — to admire his fairness of mind, his rectitude of 
 conduct, to depend upon his seasoned .iudgment, to love 
 him as a true friend. We mourn his loss and take pride 
 in the fact that we served with him for the perpetua- 
 tion of those personal and national ideals which he 
 cherished and exemplified. 
 
 "BE IT FURTHER RESOLA'ED that a copy of this 
 resolution be perpetuated in the records of the State 
 Council of Defense, a copy sent to Mrs. P. C. Eldredge, 
 and a copy given to the press." 
 
 15 
 
D. County and Community Councils 
 
 It is provided by Section 8, Chapter 82, that the Council 
 "shall have the right to form advisory or other committees 
 from outside of its membership and may organize subordinate 
 bodies for its assistance in special investigations either by the 
 employment of experts or by the creation of committees of 
 specially qualified persons, and may form such committees from 
 among its own members as may be necessary and convenient." 
 
 Accordingly the organization of County Councils was begun 
 at once. Plans were prepared, meetings called, and a Council 
 of Defense organized in each county in the state. In fact, 
 many counties had already begun organizing before the plans 
 of the State Council reached them, and some had perfected their 
 Councils of Defense. Wisconsin was perhaps the first state to 
 have, a complete count}' organization and has frequently been 
 commended by Federal authorities for its efficient operation. 
 
 At a meeting on April 23, the State Council recommended that 
 County Councils organize local councils "in cities, towns, and 
 industrial centers." Local councils were formed steadily as 
 the county organizations saw the advantage of this decentrali- 
 zation. By means of volunteer organizers who traveled from 
 county to county this growth was so stimulated that by Feb- 
 ruary, 1918, when the Council of National Defense sent out its 
 first request for the formation of "Community" councils, Wis- 
 consin had practically completed the work. 
 
 On recommendation of the State Council, the Legislature on 
 May 22, 1917, passed a bill (Chap. 241, Laws of 1917) authoriz- 
 ing county, town, and village boards, and city councils to ap- 
 propriate annually for the county councils "a sum not to exceed 
 3/100 of one mill on the dollar on the assessed valuation of the 
 property in said county, town, village, or city." Under the 
 provisions of this statute there was appro]n'iated, in round 
 numbers, $235,000 in 1917, and $105,-000 in 1918, for the use of 
 county councils. In addition several thousands of dollars were 
 provided by private subscription. Many counties also received 
 appropriations for 1919. 
 
 E. Committees 
 
 A uniform policy with respect to State Council Committees 
 was adopted : the chairman of each committee should be a mem- 
 ber of the Council ; those committees dealing only with internal 
 affairs of the Council (e. g. Auditing) should be composed en- 
 tirely of Council members ; other committees might have ' ' ad- 
 
 16 
 
visory members" outside the Council. The following' com- 
 mittees were formed upon organization of the Council. A brief 
 statement of the functions of each is appended. 
 
 Agriculture: To encourage food production and conserva- 
 tion ; to aid in securing seeds and fertilizers ; to assist in pro- 
 curing markets for produce; to help in relief of the farm labor 
 shortage; to cooperate with farmers' organizations, county 
 agents, the College of Agriculture, and the State and Federal 
 Departments of Agriculture in protecting and promoting the 
 agricultural and dairy interests of the state. 
 
 Auditing: To audit the books of the Council and recommend 
 the distribution of funds to the various committees. 
 
 Emergency Employment: To aid in meeting such labor emer- 
 gencies as might arise in connection with the harvesting season 
 or sudden industrial expansion to meet war needs. 
 
 Executive: To outline matters of policj^ and to act for the 
 Council in the interim between its regular sessions. 
 
 Finance : To determine questions of financial policy ; to ad- 
 vise with and assist Federal authorities in the sale of Govern- 
 ment securities within the state. 
 
 Labor: To analyze the labor situation; to cooperate with 
 local, state, and Federal authorities in matters affecting the 
 supply, distribution, and welfare of labor in all occupations; to 
 discourage idleness of both men and women in every walk of 
 life. 
 
 Legal: To furnish counsel on all legal problems; to examine 
 witnesses; to aid in investigations; to assist drafted men, men 
 in service, and their families in adjusting their business affairs. 
 
 Manufactures: To assist the manufacturers of the state in 
 adjusting themselves to war time conditions and meeting its 
 problems. 
 
 Medical Preparedness: To provide for the proper supervi- 
 sion and protection of civilian health ; to cooperate with organ- 
 izations of physicians, nurses, and dentists, with the profes- 
 sional staffs of hospitals, with Federal, state, and local health 
 authorities, w4th the Medical Committee of the Council of Na- 
 tional Defense, with the Red Cross, and with other relief so- 
 cieties in all matters of health and sanitation. 
 
 Military Survey: To study the military potentialities and 
 requirements of the state; to cooperate with the Federal gov- 
 ernment and the State Adjutant General in military matters. 
 
 Mineral Resources : To cooperate with the proper authorities 
 to derive the greatest Avar value from the mineral resources of 
 the state. 
 
 17 
 
Mobilization: To assist state and Federal governments in 
 mobilization of the various army units. 
 
 Organization: To plan for and supervise the organization of 
 County and Community Councils. 
 
 Patriotic and Recruiting-: To stimulate the patriotic spirit 
 of the state ; to aid in recruiting for the State Guard and for all 
 units of the United States Army and Navy. 
 
 Publicity: To disseminate information concerning the activ- 
 ities of the State and County Councils and their committees ; 
 to give statewide publicity to the causes of the war, the issues 
 involved, and the importance of America's participation; to 
 cooperate with the Publicity Director of the Council of National 
 Defense. 
 
 Red Cross and Relief: To cooperate with the Red Cross and 
 all relief organizations in providing personnel, funds, and ma- 
 terials for relief work at home and abroad. 
 
 Science and Research: To cooperate with scientists and in- 
 ventors in placing the results of their researches before the 
 proper army officers. 
 
 Transportation and Communication: To study the problems 
 of steam, electric, motor car, and water borne transportation ; 
 to assist in relieving transportation difficulties ; to keep in touch 
 with telephonic and telegraphic conditions. 
 
 Women's Organizations: To organize and coordinate the 
 woman power of the state ; to cooperate with state organizations 
 of women and with the Woman's Committee, Council of Na- 
 tional Defense ; to aid in the proper adjustment of women to the 
 altered home and industrial conditions brought about by the 
 war. 
 
 The following committees were appointed as necessity re- 
 quired : 
 
 Americanization: To promulgate American ideals among all 
 the people of the state; to further the use of the English lan- 
 guage, to promote the study of American institutions, to dis- 
 courage sectionalism among foreigners and those of foreign 
 birth. 
 
 Capital Issues: To cooperate with the state representatives 
 of the Federal Capital Issues Committee in selecting county 
 committees and in passing upon proposed bond issues. 
 
 Explosives: To assist the Federal State Explosives Director 
 in the regulation of the storage, sale, and use of explosives and 
 explosives' ingredients in the state. 
 
 18 
 
Highways Transport: To cooperate with Highways Trans- 
 port Committee of the Council of National Defense in promot- 
 ing use of highways for motor transportation to relieve rail and 
 water congestion. 
 
 History: To outline and organize a comprehensive war his- 
 tory of the state and to direct and supervise the collection and 
 recording of material in the counties. 
 
 Liberty Music: To encourage community singing of patriotic 
 songs ; to organize and enroll choruses, bands, orchestras, etc., 
 for voluntary service at patriotic meetings. 
 
 Non-War Construction: To carry out in the state the program 
 of the Non-War Construction Section of the Federal AVar In- 
 dustries Board for the curtailment of all non-war construction. 
 
 Reconstruction: To plan, with State and Federal authorities, 
 for the rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and sailors; to aid 
 in the general readjustment to peace conditions. 
 
 Soldier Pal: To provide, through county and local commit- 
 tees, for a "Pal" for each soldier and sailor, so that all might 
 be kept in touch with home news. 
 
 Speakers: To furnish speakers on patriotic and special sub- 
 jects as required in any part of the state ; to supply bulletins, 
 pamphlets, and other literature for information of speakers ; 
 to foster and- encourage public meetings; to aid in all war 
 "drives." 
 
 19 
 
III. METHOD OF OPERATION 
 
 All the work of the State Council of Defense was handled 
 directly through its committees or indirectly through the 
 County Councils. Each State Council committee was repre- 
 sented by a similar committee in each County Council, and the 
 County Councils were further decentralized into the corre- 
 sponding committees of their local or community councils. 
 Under this arrangement it was possible, Avithin twenty-four to 
 forty-eight hours, to reach several thousand active war workers. 
 
 Intercourse with County Councils was maintained chiefly 
 through mimeographed and multigraphed "Bulletins" and 
 "General Letters" addressed to the chairman or secretary or 
 both. A "Bulletin" was a circular of instruction, direction, 
 or information which did not require an answer ; a " General 
 Letter" was a communication which required action and a 
 reply. This material Avas in turn relayed by the County Coun- 
 cils to their local organizations. Under this plan, which func- 
 tioned with a gratifying-lj' high degree of accuracy and speed, 
 any action of the Council of National Defense or of the State 
 Council was quickly spread to every school district in the state 
 and the necessary work accomplished. 
 
 The State Council committees were each composed of mera- 
 bers of the Council who gathered about themselves an advisory 
 body of men and women especially fitted by training or exper- 
 ienced to handle the problems presented. In all its work the 
 Council has had the full support of all organizations and de- 
 partments directly concerned in war work and of all groups 
 and individuals indirectly affected. One of the main purposes 
 of the State Council was to coordinate all war efforts Avithin 
 the state, with other states, and with the Council of National 
 Defense. The unstinted cooperation of practically every indi- 
 vidual and every organization made this possible. 
 
 20 
 
IV. MAJOR COUNCIL ACTIVITIES 
 A. Agriculture 
 
 The Agricultural Committee was composed of six members 
 of the State Council of Defense. There were advisory members 
 representing- practical farmers, special agricultural interests, 
 the College of Agriculture, and the Home Economics Depart- 
 ment. The Agricultural Advisors for the district draft boards 
 were also made advisory members of this Committee. The 
 Council of National Defense took occasion to commend Wiscon- 
 sin on the personnel of its Agricultural Committee. 
 
 For purposes of careful treatment and expeditious handling 
 of the different problems, the Committee maintained four sub- 
 committees, one on Conservation of food and nutrition, another 
 on Conservation of fuel, wood ashes, fertilizers, etc., another on 
 Marketing, and another on Agricultural labor. The Commit- 
 tee met almost as regularly as the Council and handled numer- 
 ous problems affecting the farmers of the state. 
 
 Marketing. On April 20, 1917, the State Council secured 
 an option on 100 cars of seed potatoes for two weeks. This 
 provided ample seed for the state at $3.00 per bushel and re- 
 sulted in an exceptional crop. At the same time the Council 
 secured an option on several cars of beans for seed. As a re- 
 sult 18,000 acres of beans were produced. 
 
 A Marketing Department with an experienced man in charge 
 was formall}^ established September 10, 1917. Its activities 
 practically ceased at the end of the year because marketing con- 
 ditions made it virtually impossible to secure sufficient results 
 to warrant continuing the expenditure. As spring approached, 
 however, the Council realized the necessity of aiding the farm- 
 ers in finding markets for the surplus 1917 crops that remained 
 in their hands. Accordingly the Department was reopened on 
 April 25, 1918. During the period from September 10 to Decem- 
 ber 31, 1917, 700,000 pounds of rough fish were provided for the 
 people of the state at a retail price of 6 cents per pound. Pota- 
 toes and apples were marketed in carload lots. This material 
 was practically all handled through County Councils or city 
 markets, eliminating the middleman's profit. The Marketing 
 Agent of the State Council of Defense acted in the capacity of 
 intermediary to bring seller and buyer — producer and consumer 
 • — together. Municipal and curb markets sponsored by the 
 
 21 
 
State Council, many of which were established under its direc- 
 tion, saved thousands of dollars to the people of the state — both 
 to the farmers and to the city consumer. 
 
 In the fall of 1917 thousands of small pigs were being 
 marketed because of the scarcity of feed. The Council pro- 
 vided for the shipment of these pigs to Iowa and Illinois for 
 fattening, and also for the shipment of soft corn into this state 
 to enable the farmers to fatten pigs at home. 
 
 From April 25, 1918, to May 31, 1919, the following produce 
 was handled by the State Council Marketing Agent at an ad- 
 ministrative cost of less than 1^/4% : 
 
 Apples, bulk, 117,000 lbs $2,925.00 
 
 Apples, barreled, 1,600 bbls 8,800.00 
 
 Beans, 2;324,150 lbs 201,281.25 
 
 Fish (with Conservation Commission) 4,571.00 
 
 Onions, 750 bu 375.00 
 
 Peas, 180,000 lbs 6,755.00 
 
 Potatoes, 58,560 bu 34,248.00 
 
 Potatoes, certified seed 1,840 bu 1,830.00 
 
 $260,785.25 
 
 The above figures cover only the orders actually placed 
 through the State Council office. How^ many thousands of dol- 
 lars were involved in transactions made on the basis of informa- 
 tion furnished from this office there is no means of knowing. 
 Because of the facts that market information here was always 
 available to every one, that many producers and dealers secured 
 that information by letter, wire, or personal visit, and that few 
 of them reported sales or purchases to this office, it is fair to 
 assume that the "outside" transactions reached a very large 
 total. 
 
 No funds were available on which to do business, that is, to 
 make purchases. The Coiuicil conceived it to be the function of 
 the Marketing Agent to assist the producers in every way possi- 
 ble to market their crops, especially surpluses which were hard 
 to move. His work was primarily a war measure. Farmers 
 were urged on every hand to increased production. They raised 
 enormous crops, and they were entitled to aid in marketing 
 those crops with the greatest profit to themselves. 
 
 The Council's duty was to the whole people of Wisconsin — to 
 the producer, to the dealer, to the consumer. It was ready to 
 help any Wisconsin citizen, or any group of citizens to market 
 
 22 
 
their produce to best advantage or to buy to best advantage. 
 And it did help them, whenever opportunity was presented. 
 
 Being firmly convinced that standardization of produce and 
 emphasis on qualit}^ are the two factors which will cause buyers 
 to seek stock and Avill thus increase the producers' income, 
 the Marketing Agent lost no opportunitj^ to counsel the farmers 
 to increase the quality of their produce, to prepare it carefully 
 for the market, and to standardize their goods. On March 12, 
 1919, he sent a letter to the dealers in the potato section urging 
 them to undertake an educational campaign to induce farmers 
 to sell their common potatoes and plant certified stock in order 
 that "Wisconsin grown potatoes may be known the country 
 over as QUALITY STOCK." To this appeal many commend- 
 atory replies were received. As a result several carloads of cer- 
 tified stock were purchased for seed purposes. 
 
 When the Food Administration regnlations were in effect, 
 there frequently arose difficulties between producer and dealer 
 over quality or grading. The Marketing Agent, who endeav- 
 ored to keep posted on these regulations though they were out- 
 side his Department, was often called in to inspect and grade 
 shipments. In every case his efforts at arbitration met with 
 success, and an adjustment satisfactory to both parties to the 
 controversy was arrived at. 
 
 Food Production Campaign. Although the time was short, 
 the State Council in collaboration with the College of Agricul- 
 ture in the spring of 1917 put on a vigorous campaign for in- 
 creased production of grain and livestock, laying special em- 
 phasis on wheat, dairy products, "back yard poultry flocks," 
 and "war gardens." This campaign was carried out by means 
 of letters, bulletins, posters, personal visitation, and the cooper- 
 ation of County Agents. An enormous increase in production 
 of all foods resulted. Late in the summer the Council made a 
 survey and published a list of ' ' Pedigreed Seeds for Fall Plant- 
 ing, " giving the name and address of owner and the price. The 
 building of silos was urged, especiall}^ as a means of securing 
 maximum feeding value from the immature corn crop. Both 
 the spring and fall campaigns were so successful that the plans 
 were printed by the Council of National Defense and sent to all 
 the states as an example to be emulated. 
 
 In the spring of 1918 an earlier start was secured and practi- 
 cally the same program was carried out. A special bulletin on 
 the growing of sugar beets was printed and 45.000 copies dis- 
 tributed in the vicinity of the five sugar beet factories in the 
 state. A bulletin prepared by Edward Nordman, entitled "A 
 
 23 
 
Substitute for Cora Silage," Avas published and widely dis- 
 tributed in the northern counties. 
 
 For 1919 the campaign was launched still earlier, with a 
 special "Food Production Drive" during Thanksgiving week 
 of 1918. This was followed up through the usual channels 
 during the winter and spring. 
 
 War Gardens. The war garden work was thoroughly system- 
 ized in the spring of 1918 in cooperation with the State Horti- 
 cultural Society. An edition of 70,000 copies of gardening 
 pamphlets prepared by experts on seven phases of the work was 
 carefully distributed. Three experienced men addressed thou- 
 sands of amateur gardeners and organized the work in fifty-six 
 cities. A plan for periodic inspection was carried out. In 
 these cities there was an increase of 45% in acreage of war 
 gardens, exclusive of back yard gardens. Complete details of 
 the War Garden work may be found in the Annual Report of 
 the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, January, 1919. For 
 the 1919 season the work was again administered by the State 
 Horticultural Society, wdth splendid results. 
 
 Seed Corn. Because of the failure of the 1917 crop the out- 
 look for seed corn for 1918 was very discouraging. As the re- 
 sult of a careful seed survey conducted through the schools, it 
 was found that virtually no germinable corn remained in the 
 state. Quick and vigorous action was necessary to insure even a 
 reasonable amount of seed corn for spring planting. By author- 
 ity of Chapter 561, Laws of 1917, known as the "Emergency 
 Statute," $20,000 was set aside to be used as a revolv- 
 ing fund in the purchase and distribution of seed corn. 
 Commissioner Norgord was authorized to administer the fund. 
 A total of 19,148 bushels, costing $109,748.85, mostly northern 
 grown seed, was distributed at cost, resulting in one of the best 
 stands and largest yields of recent years. 
 
 General. The State Council gave full cooperation to the Col- 
 lege of Agriculture in" placing County Agents, Emergency Food 
 Agents, and Home Demonstrating Agents, and assisted them 
 in their Avork for the increased production and conservation of 
 food. 
 
 Several thousand acres of unused land were listed and re- 
 ferred to the County Councils with the recpiest that all tillable 
 land be put into crop. 
 
 The Council aided in enforcement of the order to destroy tall 
 barberry bushes to prevent wheat rust. 
 
 A proclamation was issued ordering the muzzling of dogs to 
 prevent destruction of livestock. 
 
 24 
 
Early in 1917 the Council requested Federal anthorities to 
 place agricultural implements, repairs, and material for their 
 manufacture in class with munitions for preferred shipment. 
 
 In cooperation with the College of Agriculture 32 bulletins 
 and circulars were published and distributed in editions of 
 50,000 or more each. 
 
 Special posters designed to stimulate production and con- 
 servation of food were prepared for the 1917 and 1918 State 
 Fairs. 
 
 B. Confidential Work 
 
 The Council conducted numerous secret investigations for 
 the Council of National Defense, the War Department, the Fed- 
 eral Reserve Banks, and other governmental agencies. The 
 Chairman was called into conference both at Washington and 
 Chicago on secret matters vitally affecting the prosecution of 
 the war. 
 
 C. Cooperation with Federal Organizations 
 
 Food Administration. In the spring and summer of 1917, 
 before the Federal Food Administration was authorized, the 
 State Council inaugurated a strenuous conservation campaign. 
 One of its first acts was to call a conference of representatives 
 of the Industrial Commission, the Fire Marshall's department, 
 and the Fire Underwriters ' Association for the purpose of work- 
 ing out plans for the protection of food in storage. The in- 
 spectors of all these departments were made special agents of 
 the State Council to inspect elevators, warehouses, and all food 
 depositories and make recommendations for reduction of the 
 fire hazard and the placing of competent guards and watchmen. 
 As a result the loss of food in storage in the state was practically 
 negligible. 
 
 Much publicity was given to methods of canning, drying, and 
 preserving, and experts were provided for lectures and demon- 
 strations. In June all the wholesale bakers of the state were 
 pledged not to accept the return of unsold bread. A resolution 
 was passed requesting the discontinuance of free lunches in 
 saloons. The use of punch boards and other gaming devices 
 with any food or food product as a prize was forbidden. 
 
 The first Hoover Pledge Card campaign was handled under 
 direction of the Council. 
 
 Upon the organization of the Federal Food Administration 
 the State Council urged the appointment of its chairman as 
 Federal Food Administrator for AVisconsin in order that the 
 
 25 
 
war work might be centralized and duplication and overlapping 
 of effort avoided. The entire resources of the Council of De- 
 fense system of the state were placed at the disposal of the Food 
 Administration. The County Food Administrators were nom- 
 inated by the County Councils, who assisted finanically and 
 morally in their work. The work of the Food Administration 
 increased enormously, and in May, 1918, it was fomid necessary 
 to separate the state offices from those of the State Council, al- 
 though the close cooperation between the two departments con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Fuel Administration. In June, 1917, the State Council be- 
 gan an investigation of the fuel situation and recommended 
 with insistence that the Federal Government take over control 
 of the coal mines. Through the County Councils it conducted 
 a coal survey of the state and reported the amount of coal on 
 hand and the amount needed for the winter to W. N. Fitz- 
 gerald afterwards Federal Fuel Administrator for Wisconsin, 
 who was then in Washington representing the Governor in an 
 effort to secure shipments of coal to lake ports. By vigorous 
 action an ample supply of coal was provided for Wisconsin. 
 
 A "Cut a Cord" campaign was instituted with appreciable 
 results. The railroad companies were induced to give their 
 old ties for fire wood. 
 
 The State Council has cooperated with the Federal Fuel Ad- 
 ministration and was able to render valuable service in the 
 selection of County Fuel Administrators through the County 
 Councils and in the enforcement of the "Fuelless Week" and 
 ''Gasless Sunday" edicts. 
 
 Liberty Loan. The State Council assisted in the supervision 
 and carrying on of the first Liberty Loan campaign. It aided 
 the Federal Reserve Banks in organizing the state for all sub- 
 sequent loans and provided publicity and numerous speakers 
 for each campaign. Through its help subscriptions were re- 
 ceived from every bank in the state for full quotas of Certifi- 
 cates of Indebtedness. 
 
 Secretary McAdoo was the guest of the State Council on 
 October 3, 1917. A reception was held in his honor and a pub- 
 lic meeting planned at which 6,000 persons from all over the 
 state heard his masterly address opening the Liberty Loan 
 Campaign. 
 
 General. The War Savings Stamp Director and the State 
 Explosives Inspector were both accorded free use of State Coun- 
 cil resources. Their county representatives were selected 
 through the County Councils, and they were assisted in special 
 campaigns by the State Council. 
 
 26 
 
A committee of the State Council was frequently called into 
 conference by the state representatives of the Federal Capital 
 issues Committee. 
 
 D. County and Community Councils 
 
 One of the first concerns of the Council was the organization 
 of the entire state for effective war work. It was first decided 
 to form in each county a Council of Defense organized on the 
 same plan as the State Council. Men were sent out from Madi- 
 son and other points to assist the County Boards. Associations 
 of Commerce, and other local groups in organizing County 
 Councils and to outline in a general way the nature of the work 
 that would be required.. Practically the only stipulation made 
 by the State Council was that the County Councils were to be 
 absolutely non-political and that they were to be composed of 
 the best and busiest men and women in the county. 
 
 It was soon seen that the most effective County Council of 
 Defense was the one which had a large membership and main- 
 tained "local councils" in the cities, towns, or school districts. 
 A few counties from the very beginning worked out organiza- 
 tions of this type and enrolled in their membership practically 
 the entire population of the county. Early in the summer of 
 1917 the State Council secured the voluntary services of two 
 men who had been instrumental in building up strong County 
 Councils, and another able organizer from the College of Agri- 
 culture. These men visited practically every county in the 
 state, studying the council organizations, passing good ideas 
 from one to another, aiding in forming local luiits, strengthen- 
 ing the work here, extending it there, and instilling everywhere 
 the spirit of organized effort to win the war. Thus not only 
 seventy-one County Councils, but as many counties were organ- 
 ized. This idea was promulgated six months later bj' the 
 Council of National Defense as the "Community Council" plan. 
 
 It was by and through the County Councils of Defense that 
 the real war work in Wisconsin was accomplished. The State 
 Council laid general plans, offered suggestions, issued direc- 
 tions — but the loyal and patriotic men and women of the coun- 
 ties, under the leadership of their County Council officers and 
 Executive Committees, did the work and produced the results. 
 
 E. Fund for Minnesota Fire Sufferers 
 
 On October 17, 1918, Governor Philipp requested the State 
 Council to raise a fund of $50,000 for the relief of the Minne- 
 sota Forest Fire sufferers, many of whom had sought refuge in 
 
 27 
 
Superior. The call was sent to the County Councils, and the 
 fund was soon oversubscribed. A total of $62,016.65 was re- 
 ceived by the State Council and forwarded to F. A. Baxter, 
 chairman of the Superior Relief Committee. Of this amount 
 $116.10 was contributed by the Society of Equity, $2,458.00 by 
 the Wisconsin Retail Lumberman's Association, and the re- 
 mainder by County Councils of Defense, who raised it by private 
 subscription or contributed from their War Chests. Besides 
 this, County Councils sent a total of $7,003.12 direct to the re- 
 lief committee, and one fraternal organization reported contri- 
 butions of more than $13,000.00. In addition to all this the city 
 of Superior paid out $48,878.90 for the sufferers, making a grand 
 total of $130,898.67. No doubt many other contributions were 
 sent direct but not reported to the State Council. Clothing and 
 food were sent in such cjuantities that their collection was 
 early discontinued by request. 
 
 The contributions by counties, exclusive of the lodge subscrip- 
 tions, follow : 
 
 *Ashland $3,369.24 
 
 Barron 80.00 
 
 *Bayfield 628.00 
 
 Brown 1,756.04 
 
 Buffalo 1,480.17 
 
 Calumet 25.00 
 
 tChippewa 2.067.00 
 
 Clark 1,668.82 
 
 Columbia 112.87 
 
 Crawford 10.00 
 
 Dane 8,010.76 
 
 Dodge 200.00 
 
 Door 11.00 
 
 *Douglas 48,878.90 
 
 Dunn 733.48 
 
 Eau Claire 30.60 
 
 Florence 226.50 
 
 Fond du Lac 3,529.71 
 
 Grant _ 522.50 
 
 tGreen 2,459.00 
 
 Green Lake 1,086.45 
 
 Iowa 325.00 
 
 Jackson 5.00 
 
 Jefferson 2,461.46 
 
 Juneau 131.50 
 
 Kenosha 2,513.00 
 
 28 
 
Kewaunee 30.50 
 
 La Crosse 2,698.89 
 
 Lafayette 1,414.85 
 
 Lincoln 554.00 
 
 Manitowoc 20.00 
 
 Marathon 1,484.50 
 
 Marinette 1,731.15 
 
 Marquette 10.00 
 
 Milwaukee 6,120.00 
 
 Monroe 2,096.48 
 
 Oconto 20.05 
 
 §Oneida 1,137.00 
 
 Outagamie 332.55 
 
 Ozaukee 25.00 
 
 Pepin 50.00 
 
 Pierce 972.23 
 
 Polk 25.00 
 
 Portage 5.00 
 
 Price 676.75 
 
 Racine 1,545.00 
 
 Richland 10.00 
 
 Rock 1 ,604.29 
 
 Rusk 45.00 
 
 St. Croix 15.00 
 
 Sauk 570.00 
 
 §Sawyer '. 1,000.00 
 
 Sheboygan 1,356.00 
 
 Taylor 525.00 
 
 Trempealeau 2,465.44 
 
 Vernon 1,034.28 
 
 Walworth 1,417.00 
 
 Washburn 5.00 
 
 Washington 117.00 
 
 Waukesha 943.56 
 
 Waupaca 133.00 
 
 Winnebago 2,003.00 
 
 Wood 1,384.15 
 
 Total $117,898.67 
 
 * Sent Direct. 
 t $2,000 sent direct. 
 t $5.88 sent direct. 
 § $500.00 sent direct. 
 
 29 
 
F. War History 
 
 The History Committee of the State Council has prepared 
 plans for a complete and exhaustive war history of the state. 
 Under the direction of this body the History Committees of the 
 County Councils of Defense gathered information relating to 
 enlistments, inductions, casualties, Red Cross, Liberty Loans, 
 War drives, and general Council of Defense activities. Many 
 counties are prepared to publish fairly complete and exhaustive 
 war histories. 
 
 In the office of the State Council of Defense was kept a card 
 file of Wisconsin casualties. These were published in For- 
 ward up to December 1, 1918. The tremendous mass of ma- 
 terial in the files of the State and County Councils will be of in- 
 calculable value to the future historian of Wisconsin's activities 
 in the World War. 
 
 G. Labor 
 
 Agricultural Labor. The agricultural labor situation became 
 increasingly serious as the war wore on. By careful planning 
 and vigorous action the actual shortage of farm labor was re- 
 duced to a minimum. In the spring of 1917 the State Council 
 worked out plans with the Highway Commission to release road 
 workers for the farm whenever a county Highway Commis- 
 sioner was notified by the County Council that they were needed. 
 This scheme was highly recommended and sent broadcast by 
 the Council of National Defense as "The AVisconsin Plan." 
 
 The Council cooperated with the University in placing stu- 
 dents for summer work ; it urged retired farmers to return to 
 the farm for the duration of the war at least; it advocated 
 "auto squadrons" of business men to carry the peak load at 
 harvest time ; it requested large manufacturers to release a 
 portion of their men each daj' for harvest work ; it asked the 
 curtailment or postponement of public improvements ; it dis- 
 couraged idleness among men and women in all walks of life. 
 A conference with the Chiefs of Police of the largest cities re- 
 sulted in the virtual elimination of vagrants from the state. 
 A vigorous bill to compel every able bodied person to work 
 was passed by the senate but rejected by the assembly in 1917. 
 
 As one means of relief from the shortage of men the Council 
 advocated the more extended use of all kinds of power machin- 
 ery on the farm but was careful to see that its name was not 
 used in connection with any commercial venture. 
 
 U. S. Boys' Working Reserve. The State Director of the 
 
U. S. Boys" Working- Reserve was fnriiislu'd desk room and 
 stenographic and clerical assistance by the State Council. Ap- 
 proximately 10,000 boj's between the ages of 16 and 21, under 
 the direction of the Reserve received special practical training 
 in elementary farm operations before they were released from 
 school on April 15, 1918, to go onto farms for summer work. 
 Fully ninety per cent, of these boys made good. 
 
 More extensive plans were already under w^a.v for 1919, when 
 the armistice was signed. The consequent return of the men 
 from Service upon demobilization permitted of a lessening of 
 the intensity of the Boys' Working Reserve drive. The situa- 
 tion was always such that, had conditions required, a large num- 
 ber of well trained boys could have been sent to the farms on 
 short notice. 
 
 Industrial Labor. Although the major portion of the work 
 of the various labor committees had to do w^ith agricultural re- 
 quirements, they did not neglect industrial needs. In coopera- 
 tion with the Industrial Commission, labor offices were main- 
 tained in the principal cities to place transient Avorkers. In all 
 its labor problems the Council was benefited greatly by the 
 recommendations and by the cooperation of organized labor. 
 
 U. S. Employment Service. The employment activities of 
 the State Council were coordinated with those of the Federal 
 Employment Service. Through the labor committees of the 
 Count.y Councils thirty local bureaus of the Service were estab- 
 lished over the state. When in the spring of 1919, Federal 
 funds became exhausted and a reduction of 80^ in the U. S. 
 Employment Service was planned, an appeal was made to the 
 County and Community Councils to make provision for the con- 
 tinuance of every necessary labor office. There was a generous 
 response and as a result the reduction in employment offices in 
 this state was less than 25%. 
 
 U. S. Public Service Reserve. Until June, 1918, when the 
 offices were moved to Milwaukee, the State Director of the U. S. 
 Public Service Reserve was quartered in the rooms of the State 
 Council of Defense. Close cooperation was accorded him in the 
 enrollment of men for ship building and other government proj- 
 ects. 
 
 H. Legal Aid 
 
 In the aj^pointment of legal committees who should give ad- 
 vice to registrants and their relatives as well as aid the County 
 Councils in all matters requiring legal counsel, duplication was 
 avoided and a harmonious organization developed through mak- 
 
 31 
 
ing the Legal Advisors to the Draft Boards the Legal Aid Com- 
 mittees of the County Councils. These committees continued 
 to give their services free to Service men and their families 
 long after the signing of the armistice. Their work was es- 
 pecially valuable during the period of demobilization. The 
 Council of National Defense has commended Wisconsin as "es- 
 pecially fortunate" in its legal committee organization. 
 
 I. Liberty Music 
 
 In March, 1918, the Liberty Music Service ^YiiS organized with 
 the purpose of stimulating interest in patriotic music and en- 
 listing groups of people for leadership in the music of war 
 meetings. 
 
 A total of 205 definite organizations, comprising approxi- 
 mately^ 10,000 people from 48 counties was enlisted in this work. 
 From many reports received there is every reason to believe 
 that these musical groups were responsible in no small degree 
 for the stimulation of the patriotic fervor of the people. 
 
 During the fourth Liberty Loan Campaign the director of 
 the service, as the community singing leader, accompanied the 
 Blue Jacket Band and Speakers' Party throughout the eastern 
 and northern portions of the state, visiting 35 different towns. 
 In many of these communities the Liberty Choruses were on 
 hand to assist in making the music a feature of the Liberty Loan 
 program. 
 
 Wisconsin was one of the first states in the Union to develop 
 this phase of patriotic work, and its success Avas so signal that 
 it was selected for special mention by the writer of an article 
 in the Ladies' Home Journal. 
 
 After the armistice the Liberty Music work was continued as 
 an adjunct of the Community Council in many places, and in 
 others in connection Avith welfare and recreational work in in- 
 dustrial plants. 
 
 J. Medical Preparedness 
 
 The Medical Committee of the State Council and the State 
 Committee of the Medical Section, Council of National Defense, 
 being one and the same, the medical problems in Wisconsin 
 were handled with smoothness and dispatch. A complete sur- 
 vey of the medical and nursing situation was conducted. Priv- 
 ilege of registration for nurses previously qualified to register 
 but who had failed to do so was secured, and a Central Nurses' 
 Directory was maintained in Milwaukee. 
 
 The serious shortage of trained nurses was offset in some 
 
 32 
 
measure by the emeroency training of civilian Health Aides. 
 Under Chapter 356, Laws of 1917, which provided for the 
 establishment of training units, six months' courses of intensive 
 training were given under direction of the State Medical Com- 
 mittee at Mihvaukee County Hospital, St. Mary's Hospital, 
 Green Bay, and St. Agnes Hospital, Fond du Lac. Certificates 
 M^ere awarded 42 girls. 
 
 The committee made a complete survey of physicians of the 
 state. Through the county committees it conducted the enroll- 
 ment into the Medical Reserve Corps, made numerous read- 
 justments which were necessitated by the Avithdrawal of phy- 
 sicians into the service, and took measures for the relief of 
 physicians' families. In cooperation with the state health 
 officials it used its organization in the spreading of health prop- 
 aganda and in meeting emergencies of both local and state 
 scope. 
 
 As early as July, 1917, the committee sent a resolution to the 
 Federal authorities requesting that medical students be granted 
 fufloughs to enable them to complete their courses. This priv- 
 ilege was later accorded. 
 
 K. Non-War Construction 
 
 On September 15, 1918, the Council of National Defense 
 created a Non-War Construction Committee whose duty it was 
 to carry out through the states the order of the War Industries 
 Board to reduce non-essential building to a minimum that men 
 and materials might be released for essential war work. The 
 Wisconsin State Council Committee was formed shortly there- 
 after and immediately secured the appointment of a committee 
 in each county. 
 
 The State Committee was charged with the responsibility of 
 stopping all non-essential building which had not reached a 
 substantial degree of completion, and with preventing any new 
 building .not essential to the war or for necessary agricultural 
 purposes. Because of delay in receiving materials from Wash- 
 ington, the State Committee prepared and printed its own 
 blanks for individual building requests and County Committee 
 reports. 
 
 The work of this committee, crowded into less than two 
 months, was more intensive than that of any other State Council 
 Committee. It convened daily and during its short life con- 
 sidered 285 petitions for new buildings, 125 of which, valued at 
 $2,543,753, were denied. Of the decisions sent to Washington 
 
 33 
 
only 20^ were not concurred in by the National Committee, 
 as against a national average of 90^/c . The rulings of this com- 
 mittee were accepted without complaint in every case, even 
 though acceptance always meant inconvenience and frequently 
 financial sacrifice to the petitioner. 
 
 All restrictions on building were removed shortly after the 
 signing of the armistice and every kind of construction en- 
 couraged to provide work for returning soldiers and sailors. 
 
 L. Publicity 
 
 The Publicity Committee of the State Council functioned 
 through a Publicity Director whose duty it was to give wide 
 circulation to all State and County Council news and to Council 
 of National Defense doings of interest to Wisconsin, and to 
 disseminate American propaganda by every means possible. 
 The usual news channels were employed for matters of imme- 
 diate interest. In addition, plate material was furnished free 
 to 400 weekly newspapers, printed in both English and German. 
 Through this means the series of twelve articles prepared by 
 the War Committee of the University was put before the people. 
 The newspapers. of the state donated practically unlimited space 
 to the publicity work of the State and County Councils. 
 
 The Germania Herald editorial, "An open Confession," was 
 reprinted in both English and German and 60,000 copies dis- 
 tributed as requested by County Councils. The Council of 
 Defense of a western state requested 5,000 copies of this edi- 
 torial. 
 
 Thousands of copies of speeches by Secretary McAdoo and 
 Clarence Darrow, as well as innumerable posters, bulletins, and 
 booklets from the Council of National Defense and the Com- 
 mittee on Public Information were distributed. 
 
 Forward. The initial number of Forward, official publica- 
 tion of the State Council of Defense, was issued May 22, 1917. 
 It was the first bulletin of its type in the United States, but was 
 soon followed by the official organs of other State Councils, 
 many of them modeled closely after it. The Council of National 
 Defense declared Forward to be of "great value" to them in 
 their work. Originally Forward was intended as a sort of 
 "house organ" to carry State Council information to the 
 County Councils and was accordingly published weekly. With 
 the completion of County and Community Council organizations 
 and the attendant success of intercourse hx circular correspond- 
 ence. Forward took on more the character of an official war 
 
 34 
 
record of the State and Coimty Councils and was made a bi- 
 weekly paper in December, l'J17. One or two pages of each 
 issue Avere devoted exclusively to County Council news, one 
 pag-e to women's activities, and one to the U. S. Food Admin- 
 istration. The Wisconsin casualty list was published in For- 
 ward before any other State Council bulletin had undertaken 
 this work. 
 
 At the time of its discontinuance, December 19, 1918, Forward 
 was being: mailed free to more than 14,000 w^ar workers in the 
 state. The mailing list had grown steadily as the influence of 
 the Coimcils of Defense spread. Copies w^ere also sent to all 
 public libraries, county clerks, officers of state, and other State 
 Councils of Defense. K gross total of 559,750 copies of Forward 
 was printed at a cost, including Editor's salary, printing and 
 paper, postage, envelopes, and mailing, of less than two cents 
 per copy. 
 
 M. Recruiting 
 
 The Committee on Recruiting printed and distributed the 
 Governor's proclamation declaring the first Registration Day 
 to be ''Duty Day" and sponsored public celebrations in honor 
 of that historic occasion. It aided in the organization and di- 
 rection of the first registration and cooperated with the Draft 
 Administration in later registrations. On each day Wisconsin 
 was among the first three states to report a complete registra- 
 tion. 
 
 This committee aided in bringing the old National Guard 
 regiments to war strength and assisted in every recruiting cam- 
 paign put on by the United States Army and Navy. 
 
 N. Soldier Pal 
 
 On July 14, 1917, a committee of Madison business men pre- 
 sented to the State Council a plan called the ' ' Soldier Pal Move- 
 ment" which had as its object the pledging of some one at home 
 to act as "pal" to every man in the service. The Council im- 
 mediately adopted the plan and appointed a State Committee to 
 supervise its execution. County committees were organized in 
 practically every county. This or a similar plan was later 
 adopted by many other states. 
 
 0. Speakers 
 
 Through the cooperation of the University Extension Divi- 
 sion a Speakers' Bureau was maintained by the State Council 
 of Defense to aid in securing speakers for all war topics on 
 demand. 
 
 35 
 
A list of speakers covering the entire state was prepared and 
 every call was supplied with a speaker located as near as possi- 
 ble in order to reduce expenses, all of which were borne by the 
 local organization. No speaker was paid any other compensa- 
 tion than his traveling expenses. Out-of-state speakers were 
 routed by this Bureau. Prof. Max Mej^er of the University of 
 Missouri w^as brought into the state for a week of addresses. 
 His work was valuable and extremely popular. 
 
 A course of lectures on the organization and work of the 
 State Council of Defense was given at the 1917 University Sum- 
 mer Session. Patriotic and conservation speakers were fur- 
 nished at County Fairs, Farmers' Institutes, School Board Con- 
 ventions, and many other ready-made occasions. In the summer 
 of 1918 this work was taken over by the Speakers' Bureau of the 
 Woman's Committee. 
 
 P. Woman's Committee 
 
 The objects of the Woman's Committee were: (1) to learn 
 where and to what extent Avomen were needed in defense work ; 
 (2) to coordinate all women's organizations and bring together 
 the unorganized women to the end that duplication of effort 
 might be avoided; (3) to spread information from the Federal 
 Government; and (4) to report the war activities of women to 
 the State and National Councils of Defense. 
 
 In order to centralize the work of the Woman's Committee 
 an Advisory Board made up of the heads of all statewide 
 w^omens' organizations met bi-monthly. From this Board was 
 appointed an Executive Committee which met every week to fa- 
 cilitate business. The work was standardized through the crea- 
 tion of the following departments as demanded for the work 
 arose : Americanization, Child Welfare, Food Production and 
 Conservation, Health and Recreation, Home and Foreign Relief, 
 Information, Nursing, Publicity, Speakers' Bureau, Women in 
 Industry, and Woman's Land Army. Thus women carrying on 
 one line of work held themselves to that particular line, becom- 
 ing thoroughly familiar with their neighborhood and its need of 
 the special work they were assigned to do. 
 
 Each county had a Woman's Committee chairman who was a 
 member of the County Council of Defense. In thirty-four coun- 
 ties the organization was complete, with a working unit in every 
 school district. The remaining thirty-seven counties found a 
 township and village organization adequate. These school dis- 
 trict, village, city, and county units included all departments, 
 with an active force of workers including ward, block, and 
 
 36 
 
district officers, making- a total of 80,000 organized women work- 
 ing. Man}' of the counties perfected their own organization 
 and others were assisted by the State Chairman or by one of the 
 three organizers appointed for that purpose. In those counties 
 in which the Woman's Committee was not financed by the 
 County Council the expenses were defrayed by individuals. 
 
 The Committee was represented at national meetings of the 
 Woman's Committee in Washington, May, 1918, and February, 
 1919 ; National Industrial Conference ; National Child Welfare 
 and Health Conference, May, 1919 ; and at various district 
 conferences in Chicago. 
 
 , Americanization. The work of the Americanization Com- 
 mittee was chiefly in the way of inspiration and instruction, 
 the distribution of literature, the encouragement of a higher 
 type of citizenship, especially in schools, the providing of pub- 
 lic speakers, etc. Classes in English for foreign born were 
 conducted in the large cities. Pageants, receptions, and nat- 
 uralization exercises were conducted for foreign born in several 
 counties. Forty-two counties had Americanization chairmen, 
 and most of them carried forward the work successfully. 
 
 The location and character of the foreign groups in the state- 
 was determined by means of a questionnaire sent to the county 
 committees. Although there are foreign colonies all over the 
 state, the big Americanization problem centers in the larger 
 cities, and here the work was most intensive. Milwaukee 
 county alone reported between 38,000 and 50,000 persons who 
 do not speak English. 
 
 Child Welfare. Child Welfare Work was the carrying out 
 of the Children's Year Campaign, planned by the National 
 Children's Bureau, to determine the physical conditions of 
 children under six by means of weighing, measuring, and other- 
 wise examining. Every county except one was organized to 
 carry out this campaign. Although the work was not com- 
 pleted, because of conditions which made it undesirable to 
 bring children together, 166,000 children were weighed and 
 measured at a cost to the state of only $125.00. This num- 
 ber is 65^ of the children under six years of age. Wiscon- 
 sin thus leads all the states of the Union in the percentage of 
 children weighed and measured. For her services the State 
 Child Welfare Chairman received a medal and a certificate 
 from the National Children's Bureau. 
 
 The greatest results from the Children's Year Campaign were 
 the incentive to accurate registration of births and deaths, 
 the arousal of interest in the physical welfare of young children, 
 
 37 
 
and the instructing of parents as to their obligation to provide- 
 for them at the age when remedial measures are effective. More 
 than that, it has stimulated an interest in clinics and health 
 conferences (which have been held in ten counties) and has 
 brought home to Health Officers a realizfttion of the fact that 
 their greatest service is in prevention, and that preventive work 
 must begin early. 
 
 The women all over the state who have been interested in 
 Child Welfare work strongly supported the measure passed hy 
 the 1919 Legislature appropriating $5,000.00 to the State Board 
 of Health for the establishment of a Bureau of Child Hygiene. 
 
 Food Production and Conservation. Upon its organization 
 the Food Production and Conservation Committee took over 
 the work of the Woman's War Preparedness Committee of the 
 University. It later was made a sub-committee of the Commit- 
 tee on Agriculture of the State Council with the special purpose 
 of preparing- publicity material and teaching canning and 
 drying of fruits and vegetables. 
 
 By means of lectures, demonstrations, circulars, bulletins^ 
 and special war schools an intensive campaign in food conser- 
 vation was conducted by and among the women of the state. 
 Special emphasis was placed on canning and drying and the 
 use of substitutes for wheat, meat, fat, and sugar. Demonstra- 
 tions were given in practically every city and village, and food 
 shows were held in the ten largest cities. Food Conservation 
 Window Displays were put on in all the principal cities. Classes 
 were conducted for hotel and restaurant cooks ; premiums were 
 offered for conservation dishes; and contests for food posters 
 were conducted in the schools. Canning club classes of vol- 
 unteer food workers were organized and given special instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 Three national speakers sent by the U. S. Food Administra- 
 tion were accompanied by members of the AVoman's Committee 
 on a week's speaking tour through the state in February, 1918. 
 
 Health and Recreation. The aim of the Health and Recrea- 
 tion Department was to aid the counties in securing permaan- 
 ent agencies for the protection of the health of the civilian pop- 
 ulation and the development of recreation, especially in the 
 rural districts. Committees were organized i n sixty-one 
 counties. As the result of a questionnaire it was found that 
 actual war community problems in Wisconsin existed in a rela- 
 tively few places and should be met locally. 
 
 In cooperation with the State Department of Health and the 
 
 28 
 
Anti-Tuberculosis Association the first section of a Health and 
 Recreation Survey was issued. 
 
 Recreation Institutes were held at La Crosse, Oshkosh, and 
 Madison, to train workers to conduct Patriotic Play Week 
 celebrations which were later conducted in Appleton, La Cross, 
 Two Rivers, Grand Rapids, Green Bay, and Oshkosh. 
 
 Model play grounds were exhibited at the 1918 State Fair and 
 at many County Fairs. 
 
 Home and Foreign Relief. The Department of Home and 
 Foreign Relief was created in May, 1917, to cooperate with the 
 civilian branch of the Red Cross and furnish such other relief 
 as might be necessary. 
 
 The Committee secured from the War Department a list of 
 places where detachments of soldiers were located to guard 
 bridges, buildings, tunnels, etc., and through local patriotic 
 «ocities furnished them with "eats" and entertainment. 
 
 Sewing units were promoted all over the state, and a Central 
 Depot was established at Madison where the product of these 
 units could be assembled, inspected, and shipped. From this 
 Depot were shipped 8 tons of clothing for Belgian Relief, 200 
 pounds to Fond du Lac Associated Charities, 50 pounds to 
 Rhinelander, 75 pounds to Madison, and 6 tons to Red Cross and 
 Duryea' Relief. In addition, the Committee furnished 35 tons 
 'Of clothing for the victims of the recent forest fire in Minnesota 
 and assisted in raising the relief fund paid through the State 
 Council. 
 
 Other foreign relief committees promoted are the American 
 Pund for French Wounded, American Fund for Devastated 
 France, Durj-ea Relief, and Little Bees of Belgium. 
 
 Forty-five comities had Home and Foreign Relief Depart- 
 ments, the remaining twenty-six did all relief work through the 
 Red Cross. 
 
 Information. The Information Department maintained files, 
 properly card-indexed, of reports, bulletins, clippings, biblio- 
 graphies, and such printed matter as came through exchange- 
 mailing lists; the Woman's Committee News Letter, Official 
 Bulletin, Forward and other State Council publications ; and 
 clippings pertaining to the activities of women in the counties. 
 
 The Wisconsin Library Commission furnished lists of free 
 bulletins for use in the counties ; and through the Library Com- 
 mission and the University Extension Division, outlines for 
 study clubs and loan package libraries were sent to individuals, 
 ■especial attention being given to communities where there were 
 no libraries. Through the Wisconsin Library School and the 
 
 .39 
 
traveling' advisors it was possible to keep in touch with the 
 librarians, and through a member of the Department of Public 
 Instruction many of the teachers and schools were reached. 
 
 Information chairmen in all the counties sent clippings 
 and reports concerning local activities. The state committee, 
 since its orgranization in January, 1918, sent out 1.800 cir- 
 cular letters, 87,000 pieces of printer matter, and answered 
 more than 800 letters. 
 
 Publicity. The purpose of the publicity department was to 
 keep the work of the Woman's Committee constantly before the 
 public, thus awakening a wider interest in it and enlisting the 
 support of women in the various measures outlined by the Gov- 
 ernment. Through the Publicity Director of the State Council 
 of Defense news messages from the AVoman's Committee of the 
 Council of National Defense were sent to both daily and weekly- 
 papers, and short articles expressly designed for the use of the 
 county press were sent direct to county chairmen. A weekly 
 news letter of general interest to defense workers was another 
 feature of the work. A department in Forward was devoted 
 exclusively to the work of the Woman's Committee. 
 
 In the counties many of the Publicity chairmen conducted 
 departments in the county newspapers, publishing local as well 
 as state and national items of interest to women. 
 
 Speakers. "Patriotism through education" was the slogan 
 of the Speaker's Bureau. Its main object was to spread 
 quickly and effectively through the state accurate information 
 on the war, and thus stimulate all patriotic activities. This was 
 done by enrolling 700 speakers, covering every county of the 
 state and furnishing them with bibliographies and special litera- 
 ture on a list of selected topics ; by encouraging the study and 
 practice of public speaking ; by the promotion of community 
 singing and patriotic ceremonies and pageants ; and by the sub- 
 stitution in schools, clubs, and other study groups of war topics 
 for other subjects. To the usual duties of the Speaker's Bureau 
 was added the educational propaganda of the National Educa- 
 tional Department. Tavo pamphlets were published by the 
 Bureau. 
 
 The work of the Speaker's Bureau was carried on through 
 County Chairmen in sixty-eight counties. Both men and 
 women speakers were enrolled and every demand for a 
 speaker was met. In fact, the Bureau took the initiative^ in 
 creating the demand. More than 3,700 addresses were given 
 under direction of the Bureau, all of them at no other cost than 
 traveling expenses, and 30,000 pamphlets were distributed. 
 
 40 
 
Women in Industry. This conimittee, (•()ni])()sed of repre- 
 sentatives of employers and employees, service workers in fac- 
 tories, the medical profession, and the public at large, is- 
 sued recommendations concerning' the hours and conditions 
 affecting women elevator operators, opposed the employment 
 of women on street cars at night, advocated a minimum wage for 
 women in pea canneries, adopted a set of nationally known 
 "standards for Avomen's work," and gathered all possible in- 
 formation concerning women in industry. 
 
 The county committees furnished women workers for the pea 
 canners and volunteer clerical assistance to the local draft 
 boards. A total of 5.202 workers giving 90,811 hours of service 
 was re})orted from fifty counties. 
 
 Woman's Land Army. In September a Land Army Encamp- 
 ment on the State Fair grounds enrolled eighty-one members. 
 These were young women interested in problems relating to 
 farm life. Lectures on dairy cattle, swine, chickens, horses, 
 etc., by eminent specialists were illustrated by the fine exhibits 
 in the State Fair. A tractor was explained and several young 
 women learned to run it. The members of the encampment are 
 ready to take up Land Army work should it be found expedient. 
 
 General. May, 1917, conducted a state-wide nurses' survey. 
 
 Held state-wide conferences in Madison July 6 and Octo- 
 ber 9-10, 1917, March 27-29, 1918, and February 2-3, 1919, and 
 district conferences at Oshkosli and La Crosse. 
 
 Had exhibits at 1918 State Fair and at many county Fairs. 
 
 As a result of intensive campaign in July and August, 1918, 
 secured 735 girls for Student Nurses' Reserve. 
 
 Sold 8,240 Woman's Committee pins. The official arm band 
 signifying 48 hours of volunteer service was worn by 1.851 
 women. 
 
 Assisted in Liberty Loan, AVar Savings and Thrift Stamp, 
 Red Cross, and L^nited War Fund drives and aided in raising 
 Y. W. C. A., Salvation Army, and Armenian and Syrian Relief 
 funds. 
 
 Assisted in registering alien women. 
 
 Furnished sugar rationers for Food Administration. 
 
 Provided entertainment for entraining drafted and enlisted 
 men. 
 
 Conducted intensive campaign for Fatherless Children of 
 France and promoted organization of Society of War Mothers. 
 
 Advocated military rank for nurses in camp and field hos- 
 pitals. 
 
 Sought to place county nurse in every county. 
 
 41 
 
Conducted eampaigii to put a flag ou every school, labor hall, 
 and factory. 
 
 Gave organized assistance during influenza epidemic. 
 
 Supported the following bills before the 1919 Legislature : 
 
 285, A, To provide graduate public health nurse in every 
 county. 
 
 216, A, To establish and maintain public comfort stations for 
 both sexes. 
 
 Appropriations to the State Board of Health for an epidem- 
 iologist and for a fight on communicable diseases. 
 
 42 
 
V. MISCELLANEOUS COUNCIL ACTIVITIES 
 
 The State Council of Defense acted as a clearing house be- 
 tween County and Community Councils on the one hand and 
 the Council of National Defense and all Federal Departments on 
 the other. Its activities have been so numerous and so varied 
 that it is impossible within reasonable space limits to notice 
 them all. Some idea of the scope of the work handled can be 
 gained from the following brief notes which supplement the 
 material given under "Major Activities" above. 
 
 Held three conferences of County Council officers in Madi- 
 son, on May 22 and October 9 and 10, 1917, and February 14 and 
 15,1918. 
 
 Followed the recommendations of the Council of National 
 Defense for reduction of deliveries, refusal of returned goods, 
 early closing, and the "Cash and Carry" plan. 
 
 August, 1917, began campaign to limit Christmas giving. 
 
 December, 1917, conference with Railroad presidents on ad- 
 visability of discontinuing competitive passenger trains. 
 
 Gave publicity to law relating to "Government Allowances" 
 and "Allotments of Soldiers' Pay." 
 
 Cooperated with Railroad Commission in providing cars for 
 shipment of farm produce. 
 
 Requested County Councils to furnish clerical help to draft 
 boards. 
 
 Sent out Resolution of Council of National Defense requesting 
 public to discontinue sending foodstuffs to soldiers and sailors 
 in camp, in order to safeguard the health of the men and in the 
 interests of food conservation. 
 
 After formal hearing of arguments approved "War Chest" 
 plan of providing funds for War Relief Organizations but left to 
 each County Council the working out of details if it chose to 
 adopt the plan. Twenty-five counties maintained war chests. 
 
 Aided wood working industries of Fox River Valley. 
 
 Urged all young women to continue school work during 1918. 
 
 Collected and sent to proper Federal authorities valuable 
 pictures, maps, drawings, and descriptions of bridges, buildings, 
 cities, and localities in Germany and occupied territor^^ County 
 Councils sent much material direct. 
 
 Secured through County Councils list of "Enemy Owned 
 Property" within the state and transmitted it to Alien Property 
 Custodian. 
 
 43 
 
County and Community Councils enlisted in publicity cam- 
 paign urging' purchasers to hold their Liberty Bonds. 
 
 Maintained supervisory control over solicitation of funds by 
 private organizations for war relief. County Councils refused 
 to assist in campaign of any organization which had not re- 
 ceived endorsement of the State Council. 
 
 Through Forward and weekly bulletins gave publicity to 
 names of Wisconsin men listed as deserters or delinquents and 
 aided in their apprehension. 
 
 January 2, 1918, requested President and Congress to speed 
 work for improvement of conditions in camps and cantonments. 
 
 At the request of the Council of National Defense called a 
 conference on March 6, 1918, of representatives of all Federal 
 Departments and Administrations doing war work in the state 
 for the purpose of "comparing notes" so that the most perfect 
 concert of action might be obtained. 
 
 Declared April 6, 1918, "County Council Day" and arranged 
 for local celebrations for the opening of the Third Liberty Loan 
 Campaign. 
 
 Gave wide publicity to regulations governing Students' Army 
 Training Corps. 
 
 Cooperated with the Collector of Internal Revenue in the col- 
 lection of Federal Income taxes. 
 
 Assisted the Library Commission in the collection of books 
 and magazines for men in service. 
 
 Through County Councils secured binoculars and field glasses 
 for Navy. 
 
 Indorsed principle of Universal Military Training. 
 
 Sponsored meetings for drafted men at which addresses were 
 given on legal, military, and medical topics, and distributed 
 literature on these subjects. 
 
 Secured free war films from Committee on Public Informa- 
 tion. These were circuited through County Councils and 
 County Fairs by Bureau of Visual Instruction of the I^niversity 
 Extension Division. 
 
 Maintained booths at 1917 and 1918 State Fairs and at some 
 County Fairs where publicity material was distributed and the 
 work of State and County Councils explained. 
 
 Sponsored community Fourth of July celebrations. 
 
 Distributed 16,960 Council of Defense badges to County Coun- 
 cil officers and members. 
 
 Supported national movement for Roosevelt Memorial Serv- 
 ices, February 9, 1919. 
 
 44 
 
Distributed Coimeil of National Defense publicity on "Buy 
 what you need, and buy it now. ' ' 
 
 Gave publicity to request of Shippinof Board for nation-wide 
 comment on future of our merchant marine. 
 
 Assisted State Board of Health in carrying- out provisions of 
 Governor's proclamation for "Clean-up Weeks." 
 
 45 
 
VI. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 
 Funds for the use of the State Council of Defense were avail- 
 able under three different laws. Chapter 82, Laws of 1917. 
 provided for meeting the general administrative expenses out of 
 funds set aside for that purpose by the Governor, in amomits of 
 not more than .$10,000.00 each. Chapter 356, Laws of 1917. 
 carried an appropriation of $15,000.00 for the purpose of train- 
 ing civilian Health Aides. Under Chapter 561, Laws of 1917, 
 the Governor placed $20,000.00 at the disposal of the Council 
 to be used as a revolving fund in the purchase and distribution 
 of seen corn. 
 
 The Council of Defense funds were handled in the same man- 
 ner as those of other state departments. Vouchers approved by 
 the chairman were presented for all expenditures, audited by 
 the Secretary of State, and paid by the State Treasurer. Copies 
 of all vouchers were filed in the office of the Council, and the 
 books were verified and checked each month with those of the 
 Secretary of State. 
 
 The total expense of the Wisconsin State Council of Defense, 
 although extending over a period of more than twenty-five 
 months, is surprisingly low, the cost to the people of the state 
 being barely above 2i/2 cents per capita. The financial state- 
 ments for each fund, covering the period from April 12, 1917 to 
 May 31, 1919, follow. 
 
 46 
 
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Reconciliations with Secretary of State 
 
 May 31, 1919 
 
 State Secretary 
 
 Council of State 
 
 General Administration — Chapter 82 
 Receipts 
 
 Allotment by Governor $75,000.00 $75,000.00 
 
 Credit from sale of service buttons __ 61.26 61.26 
 
 Refunds *153.3fi 
 
 Total receipts t$75,061.26 $75,214.61 
 
 Expenditures 
 
 Total audited expenditures 74,859.66 74,531.97 
 
 Balance May 31, 1919 $201.60 $682.64 
 
 Vouchers drawn but not paid $481.04 
 
 $201.60 $201.60 
 
 "* On the books of the Secretary of State refunds were credited as 
 receipts, on those of the State Council they were deducted from the 
 original expenditures. 
 
 t In addition to the receipts here credited a total of $5 69.45 was 
 received from the sale of service buttons and county record cards 
 and as refunds from the U. S. Food Administration and U. S. Public 
 Service Reserve. See Detailed statement above. These funds were 
 deposited in the General Fund but not credited to the Council. The 
 actual cost of the Council to the state is therefore $569.45 less than 
 appears in this statement. 
 
 t Payroll vouchers were entered by the Secretary of State as of 
 the month following the time for which they were drawn, by the 
 State Council as of the same month for which drawn. 
 
 48 
 
B— Under Chapter 356, Laws of 1917 
 
 Committee on Health Aides 
 
 General Administration $690.50 
 
 Salary of Director $625.81 
 
 Traveling and Field Expenses 41.42 
 
 Postage 4.00 
 
 Telephone and Telegraph .60 
 
 Printing and Publication 1.39 
 
 Sundry Supplies and Expense 17.28 
 
 Milwaukee County Hospital 5,024.21 
 
 Salary of Supervising Nurse 6 2 5.81 
 
 Allowances of Health Aides 1,139.94 
 
 Board, Lodging, and Laundry 3,258.46 
 
 St. Agnes Hospital, Fond du Lac 4,371.02 
 
 Salary of Supervising Nurse 4 50.00 
 
 Allowances of Health Aides 1.079.92 
 
 Board, Lodging, and Laundry 2,841.10 
 
 St. Mary's Hospital, Green Bay 4,090.02 
 
 Salary of Supervising Nurse 450.00 
 
 Allowances of Health Aides 960.00 
 
 Board, Lodging, and Laundry 2,680.02 
 
 Central Nurses' Directory, Milwaukee 18.17 
 
 Printing and Publication 18.17 
 
 Total Expenditures $14,193.92 
 
 SUMMARY 
 
 Appropriated by Legislature $15,000.00 
 
 Total Expenditures 14,193.92 
 
 Balance in fund May 31, 1919 $806.08 
 
 49 
 
661 
 
 0— Under Chapter ^, Laws of 1917 
 
 Emergency Seed Corn Fund 
 
 Salaries and Wages $l,043.0a 
 
 Traveling and Field Expense 235.27 
 
 Postage 105.75 
 
 Telephone and Telegraph 357. 9» 
 
 Express. Freight, and Drayage 19.24 
 
 Advertising — Printing and Publications 56.53 
 
 Seed corn purchases — Sundry Supplies and Expense 17,995.81 
 
 Total Expenditures $19,813.59- 
 
 Received from sale of corn 18,686.04 
 
 Loss in handling corn $1,127.5S 
 
 SUMMARY 
 
 Appropriated to Emergency Fund $20,000.00 
 
 Total Expenditures 19,813.59 
 
 186.41 
 Total Receipts 18,686.04 
 
 Balance in fund May 31. 1919 $118,872.45 
 
 50 
 
• t 
 
 VII. DIRECTORY 
 
 A— Personnel of State Council of Defense Committees 
 
 \V. p. Busse 
 F. Cranefield 
 A. J. Glover 
 W. J. Hansche 
 K. L. Hatch 
 E. C. Jacobs 
 A. L. King 
 H. E. Krueger 
 Geo. McKerrow 
 
 AGRICULTURE 
 
 G. A. Buckstaff, Chairman 
 
 P. C. Eldredge 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan 
 
 J. M. Reese 
 
 A. T. Van Scoy 
 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 
 Sub-Committees 
 
 R. A. Moore 
 C. P. Norgord 
 J. O. Parrish 
 J. P. Riordan 
 H. L. Russell 
 C. O. Rusty 
 N. J. Swan 
 
 Conservation of Food and Nutrition 
 
 G. A. Buckstaff, Chairman 
 
 Miss E. Conley 
 
 K. L. Hatch 
 
 Mrs. D. O. Kinsman 
 
 Miss A. L. Marlatt 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan 
 
 Marketing 
 
 C. P. Norgord, Chairman 
 
 Chas. Blodgett 
 
 T. F. Daly 
 
 P. C. Eldredge 
 
 B. H. Hibbard 
 
 A. T. Van Scoy 
 
 Conservation of Fuel, Fertilizers, etc. 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 
 C. F. Burgess 
 
 Ben Faast 
 
 C. P. Winslow 
 
 AMERICANIZATION 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 
 AUDITING 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 F. Brockhausen 
 Dr. J. S. Evans 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 
 A. B. Cook 
 H. L. Geisse 
 
 CAPITAL ISSUES 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 
 51 
 
 W. H. Graebner 
 A. R. Hirst 
 
J. A. Craig 
 C. A. Johnson 
 
 EMERGENCY EMPLOYMENT 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 F. Brockhausen 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan 
 
 C. P. Norgord 
 H. L. Russell 
 
 EXECUTIVE 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 Dr. J. S. Evans 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 J. M. Reese 
 
 EXPLOSIVES 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 G. 
 
 D. 
 
 Mack 
 
 , Chairman 
 
 
 
 
 
 J. 
 
 S. 
 
 Guidice, 
 
 Federal 
 
 Explosives 
 
 Director 
 
 
 F. 
 
 T. 
 
 Beers 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Victor Lehner 
 
 J. 
 
 E. 
 
 Florin 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fred Mil mm 
 
 E. 
 
 , G. 
 
 . Frazier 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 H. D. 
 
 . Plimptoi 
 
 J. 
 
 T. 
 
 Janssen 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S. J. 
 
 Williams 
 
 E. 
 
 R. 
 
 Jones 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 FINANCE 
 
 J. R. Wheeler, Chairman 
 G. A. Buckstaff 
 J. M. Reese 
 
 F. A. Cannon 
 
 HIGHWAYS TRANSPORT 
 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 
 A. R. Hirst 
 
 M. M. Quaife 
 W. W. Bartlett 
 C. R. Fish 
 J. H. A. Lacher 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 
 W. N. Parker 
 A. H. Sanford 
 Capt. H. A. Whipple 
 A. O. Barton 
 
 LABOR 
 
 F. Brockhausen, Chairman 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 A. T. Van Scoy 
 
 Spencer Haven 
 Walter Owen 
 
 LEGAL 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 
 J. B. Sanborn 
 
 LIBERTY MUSIC 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 E. B. Gordon 
 
 52 
 
MANUFACTURES 
 
 A. T. Van Scoy, Chairman 
 P. C. Eldredge 
 F. Brockhausen 
 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 M. J. Cleary 
 
 MEDICAL. PREPAREDNESS 
 
 Dr. J. S. Evans, Chairman 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan 
 
 Sub-Committees 
 
 Central Nurses' Bureau 
 
 Dr. J. S. Evans, Chairman 
 Mrs. L. A. Moore, Sec'y 
 
 Health Aides 
 
 Dr. L. M. Warfield, Chairman 
 Mrs. M. Bradshaw 
 Miss S. Mathews 
 
 Council of National Defense 
 Medical Section 
 
 Dr. J. S. Evans, Chairman 
 
 R. Sleystery, Sec'y 
 
 H. E. Dearholt, Asst. Sec'y 
 
 C. R. Bardeen 
 
 G. V. I. Brown 
 
 F. G. Connell 
 J. M. Dodd 
 
 G. A. Harlow 
 C. A. Harper 
 R. H. Jackson 
 L. F. Jermain 
 W. T. Sarles 
 C. H. Stoddard 
 C. H. Vilas 
 
 G. X. Windesheim 
 
 MILITARY SURVEY 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 A. R. Hirst 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 
 W. O. Hotchkiss 
 
 C. J. Leith 
 
 C. R. Van Hise 
 
 MOBILIZATION 
 
 Orlando Holway, Chairman 
 E. A. Fitzpatrick 
 
 NON-WAR CONSTRUCTION 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 J. R. Law, Secretary 
 W. S. Heddles 
 T. C. McCarthy 
 
 53 
 
J. E. Doyle 
 J. Q. Grabill 
 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 G. A. BuckstafE 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 J. M. Reese 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 
 PATRIOTIC AND RECRUITING 
 
 Reid Murray 
 
 F. A. Baxter 
 W. P. Bloodgood 
 Mrs. G. A. Buckstaff 
 T. Burke 
 P. E. Butcher 
 E. E. Garrison 
 Frank Hixon 
 Frank Hughes 
 Mrs. J. P. Hume 
 T. Kingston 
 
 W. F. Dunlap 
 E. H. Gardner 
 A. W. Hopkins 
 
 Orlando Holway, Chairman 
 
 PUBLICITY 
 
 J. M. Reese, Chairman 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 J. R. Wheeler 
 
 W. Koehler 
 A. L. Kruetzer 
 Mrs. J. W. Mariner 
 F. W. Oakley 
 O. L. Rosenkranz 
 W. M. Spooner 
 Roy Wilcox 
 A. H. Wilkinson 
 Voyta Wrabetz 
 W. H. Zuelke 
 
 G. M. Hyde 
 R. B. Pixley 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION 
 
 Dr. J. S. Evans, Chairman 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 
 Mrs. J. W. Hobbins 
 
 RED CROSS AND RELIEF 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan, Chairman 
 Dr. J. S. Evans 
 Orlando Holway 
 
 S. M. McFedries 
 
 G. C. Comstock 
 J. A. E. Eyster 
 E. B. Hart 
 
 H. C. Bradley 
 R. L. Jones 
 
 SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 
 SOLDIER PAL 
 
 J. G. D. Mack, Chairman 
 
 C. S. Slichter 
 C. "R. Van Hise 
 
 C. L. McMillen 
 H. J. Thorkelson 
 
 R. B. Duncan 
 W. H. Kiekhofer 
 
 SPEAKERS 
 
 W. S. Heddles, Chairman 
 
 W. H. Lighty 
 Miss Juliet Thorpe 
 
 54 
 
TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION 
 
 P. C. Eldredge, Chairman 
 Orlando Holway 
 
 J. G. D. Mack 
 A. R. Hirst 
 
 WOMAN'S ORGANIZATIONS 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan, Chairman 
 Mrs. B. Burrowbridge 
 Mrs. W. E. Fitzgerald 
 Mrs. J. S. Foley 
 Mrs. M. F. Grimshaw 
 Mrs. E. Hammett 
 Mrs. L. D. Harvey 
 Mrs. J. W. Hobbins 
 
 Mrs. J. P. Hume 
 Mrs. W. A. Lawson 
 Mrs. J. H. Lund 
 Mrs. J. W. Mariner 
 Miss E. Regan 
 Mrs. O. L. Robinson 
 Mrs. M. B. Rosenberry 
 Mrs. C. M. Towne 
 
 Sub-Committee Chairmen 
 
 Americanization 
 
 Mrs. H. M. Youmans 
 
 Child Welfare 
 Mrs. E. E. Hoyt 
 
 Food Conservation 
 Miss A. L. Marlatt 
 
 Health and Recreation 
 Mrs. E. F. Bickel 
 
 Home and Foi'eign Relief 
 
 Mrs. E. L. Maloney 
 Home Work 
 
 Mrs. J. Schumacher 
 
 Information 
 
 Miss Mary Oakley 
 
 Publicity 
 Mrs. C. F. Burgess 
 Speakers Bureau 
 Miss Juliet Thorpe 
 Women in Industry 
 Mrs. Wm. Kittle 
 Woman's Land Army 
 Mrs. N. K. Jones 
 
 55 
 
B — Executive Officers of County Councils of Defense 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams John W. Purves, Chm. Friendship 
 
 Chas. W. Oilman, Sec'y Friendship 
 
 Ashland Carl A. Rudquist. Chm. Ashland 
 
 Ralph F. Brown, Sec'y Ashland 
 
 Barron R. B. Hart, Chm. Cumberland 
 
 T. T. Hazelberg, Sec'y Barron 
 
 Bayfield D. M. Maxcy, Chm. Washburn 
 
 Nels M. Oscar, Sec'y Washburn 
 
 Brown John A. Kittell, Chm. __, Oreen Bay 
 
 F. B. Desnoyers, Sec'y Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo Charles W. Oilman, Chm. Mondovi 
 
 Edwin F. Ganz, Chm. Alma 
 
 Peter H. Urness, Sec'y Mondovi 
 
 Theo. Buehler, Jr., Sec'y Alma 
 
 Burnett Hon. A. P. Nelson, Chm. Grantsburg 
 
 Harry E. Krug, Chm. Webster 
 
 Paul C. Meier, Sec'y Webster 
 
 J. E. Spangberg, Sec'y Siren 
 
 Calumet Alfred T. Hipke, Chm. New Holstein 
 
 Wm. N. Knauf, Chm. Chilton 
 
 Leo P. Fox, Sec'y Chilton 
 
 A. C. Kingston, Sec'y Chilton 
 
 Chippewa L. M. Newman, dim. Chippewa Falls 
 
 Wm. E. DeKelver, Chm. Chippewa Falls 
 
 G. O. Banting, Sec'y Chippewa Falls 
 
 e. L. Ainsworth, Sec'y Chippewa Falls 
 
 Clark Wm. A. Campman, Chm. Neillsville 
 
 Alfred L. Devos, Sec'y Neillsville 
 
 Columbia H. E. Andrews, Chm. Portage 
 
 T. H. Cochrane, Chm. Portage 
 
 Chas. Caldwell, Chm. Rio 
 
 C. H. Hall, Sec'y Portage 
 
 E. C. Jones, Sec'y Portage 
 
 Rev. E. G. Sanderson, Sec'y Fall River 
 
 Crawford O. P. Vaughan, Chm. Wauzeka 
 
 Eugene C. Amann, Sec'y Prairie du Chien 
 
 Dane John S. Donald. Chm. Mt. Horeb 
 
 W. N. Parker, Sec'y Madison 
 
 G. W. Gehrand, Sec'y Madison 
 
 Dodge Wm. H. Sherman, Chm. Beaver Dam 
 
 John Clifford, Sec'y Juneau 
 
 Door H. C. Scofield, Chm Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Ralph Herlach, Sec'y Sturgeon Bay 
 
 56 
 
Douglas Solon L. Perrin, Clirn. Superior 
 
 John P. O'Connor, Sec'y Superior 
 
 Dunn L. D. Harvey, Chm. Menomonie 
 
 H. F. Good, Sec'y Menomonie 
 
 R. E. Bundy, Sec'y Menomonie 
 
 Eau Claire Geo. B. Wheeler, Pres. Eau Claire 
 
 O. G. Brice, Chm. Exec. Com Eau Claire 
 
 F. W. Thomas, Sec'y Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Max Sells, Chm. Florence 
 
 Jas. J. Pontbriand, Sec'y Florence 
 
 Chas. R. Tideman, Sec'y Florence 
 
 Fond du Lac H. E. Swett, Chm. Fond du Lac 
 
 Frank J. AVolff, Chm. Fond du Lac 
 
 F. A. Foster, Sec'y Fond du Lac 
 
 F. W. Chadbourne, Sec'y Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest H. A. Fry, Chm. Hiles 
 
 Dr. R. S. Elliot, Chm. Laona 
 
 H. P. Keith, Chm. Crandon 
 
 John Swenehart, Sec'y Madison 
 
 S. J. Conway, Sec'y Crandon 
 
 Grant Harry E. Carthew, Chm. Lancaster 
 
 E. B. Goodsell, Sec'y Lancaster 
 
 Green H. W. Chadwick, Chm. Monroe 
 
 P. F. Neverman, Chm. Monroe 
 
 C. A. Roderick, Sec'y Monroe 
 
 Green Lake John J. Wood, Jr., Chm. Berlin 
 
 G. A. Weinkauf, Sec'y Green Lake 
 
 Iowa J. B. Eagan, Chm. Avoca 
 
 J. A. Van Natta, Sec'y Dodgeville 
 
 R. E. Gribble, Sec'y Dodgeville 
 
 Iron Geo. C. Foster, Chm. Hurley 
 
 E. S. Hagen, Sec'y Hurley 
 
 Jackson B. L. Van Gorden, Chm. Taylor 
 
 Samuel Lund, Sec'y Black River Falls 
 
 Jefferson W. D. James, Chm. Ft. Atkinson 
 
 A. L. Stengel, Sec'y Ft. Atkinson 
 
 D. Q. Grabill, Sec'y Ft. Atkinson 
 
 Juneau G. H. Livernash, Chm. Necedah 
 
 J. T. Hanson, Sec'y Mauston 
 
 Kenosha Edward J. Sullivan, Chm. Kenosha 
 
 Cathie C. McNamara, Sec'y Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee A. B. Leyse, Chm. Kewaunee 
 
 C. L. Duvall, Sec'y Kewaunee 
 
 Frank Hamachek, Jr., Sec'y Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse J. E. McConnell, Chm. La Crosse 
 
 James R. Kinsloe, Sec'y La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette Dr. C. C. Gratiot, Pres. Shullsburg 
 
 J. G. Monahan, Sec'y Darlington 
 
 57 
 
Langlade F. Freiburger, Chm. Antigo 
 
 C. J. TeSelle, Sec'y Antigo 
 
 Lincoln F. E. Donoghue, Chm. Merrill 
 
 Joe A. Chilsen, Chm. Merrill 
 
 Joe A. Chilsen, Sec'y Merrill 
 
 Herman Walther, Sec'y Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc R. C. Douglas, Chm. Manitowoc 
 
 George Vits, Chm. Manitowoc 
 
 Harry F. Kelly, Sec'y Manitowoc 
 
 H. G. Kress, Sec'y Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon C. B. Bird, Chm. Wausau 
 
 E. B. Thayer, Sec'y Wausau 
 
 H. E. Marquardt, Sec'y Wausau 
 
 Marinette J. F. Wittig, Chm. Marinette 
 
 Ralph Skidmore, Chm. Marinette 
 
 H. C. Baker, Sec'y Marinette 
 
 G. H. Landgraf, Sec'y Marinette 
 
 Marquette B. Houslet, Chm. Oxford 
 
 M. M. Smart, Chm. Montello 
 
 Chas. Barry, Sec'y Montello 
 
 Chas. Butler, Sec'y Montello 
 
 A. H. Wetlaufer, Sec'y Montello 
 
 Milwaukee D. W. Hoan, Chm. Milwaukee 
 
 Chas. Allis, Chm. Milwaukee 
 
 E. E. White, Chm. Milwaukee 
 
 Aug. H. Voge!, Acting Chm. Milwaukee 
 
 Willits Pollock, Ssc'y Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe W. H. Hanchett, Chm. Sparta 
 
 H. W. Jefferson, Sec'y Sparta 
 
 H. J. Masters, Sec'y Sparta 
 
 Oconto John B. Chase, Chm. Oconto 
 
 Eldon Witter, Sec'y Oconto Falls 
 
 Oneida Ira E. Smith, Chm. Rhinelander 
 
 Charles F. Smith, Chm. Rhinelander 
 
 A. J. O'Melia, Sec'y Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie Gustave Kellar, Chm. Appleton 
 
 Wm. H. Zuehlke, Sec'y Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee Harry W. Bolens, Chm. Port Washington 
 
 Geo. H. Adam, Sec'y Port Washington 
 
 Mrs. Walter Erler, Sec'y Port Washington 
 
 Pepin Marcell Dorwin. Chm. Durand 
 
 Dr. C. C. Clemens, Sec'y Durand 
 
 Pierce Warren P. Knowles, Chm. River Falls 
 
 J. M. May, Sec'y River Falls 
 
 Polk George A. Nelsbn, Chm. Milltown 
 
 Harry D. Baker, Sec'y St. Croix Falls 
 
 Portage G. L. Park, Chm. Stevens Point 
 
 A. E. Bourn, Sec'y Stevens Point 
 
 58 
 
Price Michael Barry, Clirn. Phillips 
 
 L. P. Goodrich, Sec'y Ripon 
 
 W. H. Lippel, Sec'y Phillips 
 
 Racine Wm. Mitchell Lewis, Chm. Racine 
 
 F. Lee Norton, Chm. Racine 
 
 Minnie I. Queckenstedt, Sec'y__ Racine 
 
 Richland C. B. Thompson, Chm. Richland Center 
 
 F. L. Brewer, Sec'y Richland Center 
 
 Rock Simon Smith, Chm. Beloit 
 
 M. P. Richardson, Chm. Janesville 
 
 Howard Lee, Sec'y Janesville 
 
 C. J. Smith, Sec'y Janesville 
 
 Rusk J. C. Stubbs, Chm. Weyerhauser 
 
 F. E. Munroe, Sec'y Ladysmith 
 
 J. W. Carow, Sec'y Ladysmith 
 
 St. Croix Richard Baker, Chm. Boardman 
 
 Hakkon S. Offerdahl, Sec'y Hudson 
 
 Sauk Chas. A. Clark, Chm. Reedsburg 
 
 Albert H. Clark, Sec'y Baraboo 
 
 Sawyer Henry B. Rohlf, Chm. Hayward 
 
 John Berger, Sec'y Hayward 
 
 Shawano Herman Rafoth, Chm. Shawano 
 
 R. A. Upham, Chm. Shawano 
 
 J. E. Scanlon, Sec'y Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan Thos. McNeil, Chm. Sheboygan 
 
 A. L. Sommers, Sec'y Sheboygan 
 
 Trempealeau F. M. Symonds, Chm. Galesville 
 
 E. E. Barlow, Sec'y Arcadia 
 
 Taylor Jos. Brehm, Chm. Rib Lake 
 
 F. G. Pierce, Chm. Medford 
 
 Jas. E. Phillips, Sec'y Medford 
 
 T. W. Andresen, Sec'y Medford 
 
 Vernon C. V. Porter, Chm. Viroqua 
 
 A. H. Dahl, Chm. Westby 
 
 F. W. Alexander, Sec'y Viroqua 
 
 H. P. Proctor, Jr., Sec'y Viroqua 
 
 Vilas Dr. Jno. B. Powell, Chm. Eagle River 
 
 G. E. O'Connor, Chm. Ex. Com. Eagle River 
 Chas. H. Adams, Sec'y Eagle River 
 
 Walworth Hon. J. F. Lyon, Chm. Elkhorn 
 
 Grant D. Harrington, Sec'y Elkhorn 
 
 L. L. Oldham, Sec'y Elkhorn 
 
 Washburn O. K. Kjorstad, Chm. Nobleton 
 
 Frank A. Keeler, Sec'y Shell Lake 
 
 Washington H. J. G. Lieven, Chm. Hartford 
 
 D. E. McLane, Sec'y West Bend 
 
 Geo. H. Scljmidt, Sec'y Kewaskum 
 
 59 
 
Waukesha Howard T. Greene, Chm. Genesee Depot 
 
 Burton M. Smith, Chm. North Lake 
 
 Carl H. Sawyer, Sec'y Waukesha 
 
 Waupaca George H. Dobbins, Chm. Fremont 
 
 John F. Jardine, Chm. Waupaca 
 
 R. C. Bigford, Sec'y Manawa 
 
 L. D. Smith, Sec'y Waupaca 
 
 Waushara E. F. Kileen, Chm. Wautoma 
 
 F. S. Durham, Sec'y Wautoma 
 
 Ward B. Stilwell, Sec'y Wautoma 
 
 Winnebago John C. Thompson, Chm. Oshkosh 
 
 E. R. Williams, Sec'y Oshkosh 
 
 Wood W. D. Connor, Chm. Marshfield 
 
 C. E. Briere, Sec'y Grand Rapids 
 
 (Grand Rapids Division) 
 
 I. P. Tiffault, Sec'y Marshfield 
 
 (Marshfield Division) 
 
 Geo. Brown, Chm. Pittsville 
 
 (Pittsville Division) 
 
 GO 
 
C — Chairmen of Woman's Committees of County Councils of 
 
 Defense 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams Mrs. J. B. Pierce Friendship 
 
 Miss Hanna Poppe Priendsliip 
 
 Ashland Mrs. W. J. Hodgkins Ashland 
 
 Mrs. Geo. A. Sparling Ashland 
 
 Barron Mrs. J. E. Bowen Barron 
 
 Mrs. E. C. McClelland Rice Lake 
 
 Mrs. E. M. Burnstad Chetek 
 
 Mrs. F. W. Miller Cumberland 
 
 Bayfield Mrs. E. C. Alvord Washburn 
 
 Mrs. A. H. Wilkinson Bayfield 
 
 Brown Mrs. W. P. Wagner Green Bay 
 
 Mrs. S. D. Hastings Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo Mrs. M. C. Fisher Mondovi 
 
 Burnett Mrs. Alice Anderson Grantsburg 
 
 Calumet Mrs. W. S. Lloyd Chilton 
 
 Chippewa Mrs. Edward Porter Cornell 
 
 Clark Mrs. L. H. Howard Neillsville 
 
 Columbia Mrs. A. H. Whitney Columbus 
 
 Crawford Mrs. Alvin Peterson Soldiers Grove 
 
 Mrs. G. T. Atwood Gays Mills 
 
 Dane Mrs. W. S. Marshall Madison 
 
 Dodge Mrs. A. G. Hill Beaver Dam 
 
 Door Miss Margaret Reynolds Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Sampson Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Douglas Mrs. Philip G. Stratton Superior 
 
 Dunn Mrs. A. Egdahl Menomonie 
 
 Mrs. R. E. Bundy Menomonie 
 
 Mrs. H. C. Inenfeldt Menomonie 
 
 Eau Claire Mrs. A. H. Shoemaker Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Mrs. E. A. Thieman Florence 
 
 Fond dn Lac Miss Frances G. Perkins Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest Mrs. A. L. Mordt Crandon 
 
 Grant Miss Emma Schreiner Lancaster 
 
 Green Mrs. F. B. Luchsinger Monroe 
 
 Gl 
 
Green Lake Mrs. C. S. Morris Berlin 
 
 Mrs. Ardin Buell Berlin 
 
 Iowa Mrs. John Williams Edmund 
 
 Iron Mrs. Luella Trier Hurley 
 
 Jackson Mrs. L. M. Cumnock Black River Falls 
 
 Jefferson Miss Carrie J. Smith Ft. Atkinson 
 
 Miss Gladys Mollart Watertown 
 
 Juneau Mrs. Brand Starnes Juneau 
 
 Mrs. C. S. Huntley Elroy 
 
 Kenosha Mrs. D. O. Head Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee Mrs. W. A. Cowell Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse Mrs. E. C. Thompson La Crosse 
 
 Mrs. E. G. Perkins La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette Mrs. Geo. W. Rass Darlington 
 
 Langlade Mrs. H. V. Mills Antigo 
 
 Mrs. E. A. Morse Antigo 
 
 Lincoln Mrs. L. J. Belott Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc Mrs. F. C. Robinson Manitowoc 
 
 Mrs. Alice Green Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon Mrs. W. H. Nablo Wausau 
 
 Marinette Mrs. Joshua Hodgins Marinette 
 
 Marquette Mrs. Lottie Woodford Westfield 
 
 Milwaukee Mrs. J. W. Mariner Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe Mrs. W. W. Warren (East) Tomah 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Williams (West) Sparta 
 
 Oconto Mrs. J. B. Chase Oconto 
 
 Oneida Mrs. S. S. Miller Rhinelander 
 
 Mrs. R. F. Tompkins Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie Mrs. Frank Wright Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee Mrs. Julian Zilleir Port Washington 
 
 Pepin Mrs. Harry N. Orlady Durand 
 
 Pierce Mrs. Jessamine B. Costelloe Prescott 
 
 Mrs. O. W. Groot Elmwood 
 
 Polk Mrs. G. Hanson Osceola 
 
 Portage Mrs. D. J. Leahy Stevens Point 
 
 Price Miss Bernice H. Marsh Phillips 
 
 Mrs. Wm. Milne Phillips 
 
 Racine Mrs. John W. Owen Racine 
 
 Mrs. Stuart Webster Racine 
 
 Mrs. R. S. Preble Racine 
 
 Mrs. W. G. Rasch Burlington 
 
 G2 
 
Richland Mrs. Jno. Kirkpatrick Richland Center 
 
 Mrs. Fred Thomson Richland Center 
 
 Rock Mrs. A. C. Anderson Edgerton 
 
 Miss Ruth Jeffris Janesville 
 
 Mrs. Frank Van Kirk Janesville 
 
 Rusk Mrs. Geo. Manley Ladysmith 
 
 Mrs. Chas. Eisnach Ladysmith 
 
 St. Croix Mrs. H. H. Smith New Richmond 
 
 Mrs. Fred J. Carr Hudson 
 
 Mrs. Andrew Tobin New Richmond 
 
 Sauk Mrs. Frank Avery Baraboo 
 
 Sawyer Mrs. J. S. McGeorge Hayward 
 
 Shawano Mrs. Mary E. Weber Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan Mrs. T. M. Bowler Sheboygan 
 
 Mrs. C. E. Hillyer Sheboygan 
 
 Mrs. Harriet Corbett Plymouth 
 
 Trempealeau Mrs. J. M. Ingalls Whitehall 
 
 Taylor Miss Irene Stone Medford 
 
 Miss Margaret Ryan Medford 
 
 Vernon Mrs. T. O. Mork Viroqua 
 
 Miss Maude Neprud Viroqua 
 
 Vilas Mrs. W. H. Radcliffe Eagle River 
 
 Walworth Miss Helen Martin Elkhorn 
 
 Washburn Miss Laura E. Kellar Shell Lake 
 
 Mrs. John Putz Shell Lake 
 
 Washington Mrs. C. C. Henry West Bend 
 
 Miss Sadie Le Count Hartford 
 
 Waukesha Mrs. M. Kartak Oconomowoc 
 
 Waupaca Mrs. A. R. Lea Waupaca 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Bronsom Waupaca 
 
 Waushara Mrs. Fay M. Patterson Wild Rose 
 
 Winnebago Mrs. Edw. R. Smith Oshkosh 
 
 Wood Mrs. Isaac P. Witter Grand Rapids 
 
 Mrs. W. P. Kellog Grand Rapids 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Marsh Marshfield 
 
 63 
 
D — United States Explosives Administration 
 
 Joseph S. Giudice, Schleisingerville, Federal Explosives Director 
 
 State Advisory (^omiiiittee 
 
 John G. D. Mack, Vice Chairman, Madison 
 Sidney J. Williams, Secretary, Madison 
 Howard D. Plimpton, Milwaukee 
 E. G. Frazier, Milwaukee 
 John T. Janssen, Milwaukee 
 
 E. R. Jones, Madison 
 
 Prof. Victor Lenher, Madison 
 
 F. T. Beers, Barksdale 
 Fred Mumm, Brillion 
 J. E. Florin, Madison 
 
 County ExplosiA'es Directors 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams Frank E. Parks Friendship 
 
 Ashland M. H. Wright Ashland 
 
 Barron J. H. Johnson Cheteh 
 
 Bayfield James M. Long AVashburn 
 
 Brown Thomas Hawley Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo Frank Harry Alma 
 
 Burnett J. A. Moran Webster 
 
 Calumet William Hoeing Brillion 
 
 Chippewa A. C. Mason Chippewa Falls 
 
 Clark E. J. Ketel Neillsville 
 
 Columbia R. G. Stotzer Portage 
 
 Crawford G. J. Lengst Prairie du Chien 
 
 Dane F. W. Huels Madison 
 
 Dodge L. C. Pautsch Juneau 
 
 Door L. J. Meverden Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Douglas w. J. Leader E. End Superior 
 
 Dunn Alfred Thomas Menomonee 
 
 Eau Claire Geo. L. Blum Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Gust. Westin Florence 
 
 Fond du Lac P. A. Dolan Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest L. A. Rogers Nashville 
 
 Grant W. N. Smith Platteville 
 
 Green F. W. Wettengel Monroe 
 
 Green Lake D. C. Williams Green Lake 
 
 Iowa W. B. Peters Dodgeville 
 
 Iron F. M. Duffy Hurley 
 
 Jackson Andrew Nanstad Black River Falls 
 
 Jefferson A. F. Gafke Jefferson 
 
 Juneau R. D. Chamberlain Mauston 
 
 Kenosha R. H. Jones Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee J. G. Lanzansky Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse B. C. Smith La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette W. R. Buchan Benton 
 
 Langlade J. W. Parsons Antigo 
 
 Lincoln E. E. Howland Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc Ralph G. Plumb Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon J.Montgomery Wausau 
 
 G4 
 
Marinette D. H. Smith Marinette 
 
 Marquette H. A. Wetlaufer Montello 
 
 Milwaukee Fred Rogers Milwaukee 
 
 William Thomson Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe Robert Canfield Sparta 
 
 Oconto w. M. Conestock Oconto 
 
 Oneida __ w. D. Juday Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie C. I. Marston Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee Harry Bolens Port Washington 
 
 Pepin R. p. Nicklas Durand 
 
 Pierce f. G. McGee Ellsworth 
 
 folk N. Sorenson Luck 
 
 Portage a. C. Krembs Stevens Point 
 
 Price w. H. Lippels Phillips 
 
 Racine n. C. Nelson Racine 
 
 Richland Geo. W. Miller Richland Center 
 
 Rock H.W.Lee Janesville 
 
 c."^n H. W. Ture Ladysmith 
 
 bt. Lroix Andrew Hope Hammond 
 
 Sauk F. A. Cooper Baraboo 
 
 Sawyer Lee Swift Hayward 
 
 Shawano w. J. Dolan Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan T. E. Fleischer Sheboygan 
 
 Taylor n. A. Urquhart Medford 
 
 Trempealeau ___ Warner Sconar Galesville 
 
 Vernon Chas. A. Parker Viroqua 
 
 w f -:r ^^''- ^- O'Connor Eagle River 
 
 Walworth T. J. Sleep Elkhorn 
 
 Washburn s. H. Williams Earl 
 
 Washington Joseph S. Giudice Schleisingerville 
 
 Waukesha William Tuohv Eagle 
 
 Waupaca Ward Fallgatter Waupaca 
 
 Waushara Guy Munbrue Wautoma 
 
 Winnebago F. H. Hull Oshkosh 
 
 Wood F. Normington Marshfield 
 
 65 
 
E — United States Food Administration 
 
 Magnus Swenson, Madison, Federal Food Administrator 
 A. H. Melville, Madison, Secretary 
 
 County Food Administrators 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams G. W. Bingham Friendship 
 
 Ashland Walter S. Cate Ashland 
 
 Barron John L. Dahl Rice Lake 
 
 Bayfield John J. Fisher Bayfield 
 
 Brown Frank H. Smith Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo Val Thoeny F'ountain City 
 
 Burnett F. R. Huth Grantsburg 
 
 Calumet Peter Iversen New Holstein 
 
 Chippewa J. A. Brooks Chippewa Falls 
 
 Clark J. E. Ketel Neillsville 
 
 Columbia Geo. Bunsa Columbus 
 
 Crawford A. M. Laird Prairie du Chien 
 
 Dane C. B. Chapman Madison 
 
 Dodge J. W. Deniger Beaver Dam 
 
 Door H. A. Wagener Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Douglas F. B. Jerrard Superior 
 
 Dunn Alfred Thomas Menomonie 
 
 Eau Claire D. R. Moon Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Oscar Soderberg Florence 
 
 Fond du Lac W. P. Leek Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest H.P.Keith Crandon 
 
 Grant Len Stauffacher Fennimore 
 
 Green F. W. Wettengel Monroe 
 
 Green Lake D. C. Williams Green Lake 
 
 Iowa John M. Reese Dodgeville 
 
 Iron P- J- Lanzer Hurley 
 
 Jackson Freeman B. Dell Black River Falls 
 
 Jefferson Fred Prentiss Watertown 
 
 Juneau R- D. Chamberlain Mauston 
 
 Kenosha H. L. Bullamore Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee Jas. H. McGowan Algoma 
 
 La Crosse G. Van Steenwyk La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette Chas. F. Palmer Darlington 
 
 Langlade Mose Jansen Antigo 
 
 Lincoln Fred Heinemann Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc Henry Mulholland Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon W. R. Chellis Wausau 
 
 Marinette Dan Madagin Marinette 
 
 Marquette G. L. French Montello 
 
 Milwaukee A. T. Van Scoy Milwaukee, 
 
 Monroe Myron Bracket Sparta 
 
 Oconto Harry Serier Suring 
 
 Oneida D. F. Recker Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie Theodore Sanders Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee W. H. Ramsey Port Washington 
 
 Pepin George Kees Durand 
 
 Portage J. M. Pfiffner Stevens Point 
 
 Pierce W. G. Haddow Ellsworth 
 
 66 
 
Polk Dr. L. A. Campbell Clear Lake 
 
 Price F. H. Sargent Phillips 
 
 Racine W. T. Harvey Racine 
 
 Richland G. E. Gillingham Richland Center 
 
 Rock Fred L. demons Janesville 
 
 Rusk Glen H. Williams Ladysmith 
 
 St. Croix S. Swenumson Baldwin 
 
 Sauk H. L. Halsted Baraboo 
 
 Sawyer H. Sabin Hayward 
 
 Shawano H. B. Richmond Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan Emil Clarenbach Sheboygan 
 
 Trempealeau A. E. Whitney Medford 
 
 Taylor Frank George Whitehall 
 
 Vernon Gus. A. Monerud Westby 
 
 Vilas Amos Radcliffe Eagle River 
 
 Walworth L. L, Oldham Elkhorn 
 
 Washburn A. J. Donnelly Shell Lake 
 
 Washington Henry Rolfs, Sr. West Bend 
 
 Waukesha Roy T. Benjamin Waukesha 
 
 Waupaca Llewellyn Cole Clintonville 
 
 Waushara G. E. Dafoe Wautoma 
 
 Winnebago Geo. A. Buckstaff Marshfield 
 
 Wood E. C. Pors Oshkosh 
 
 67 
 
F — United States Fuel Administration 
 
 W. N. Fitzgerald, Milwaukee, Federal Fuel Administrator 
 
 State Advisory Coininittee 
 
 George A. Buckstaff, Oshkosh 
 Stephen W. Oilman, Madison 
 Fred W. Rogers, Milwaukee 
 
 County Fuel Administrators 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams C. B. Meteyard Friendship 
 
 Ashland A. J. Kull Ashland 
 
 Barron T. T. Hazelberg Barron 
 
 Bayfield D. M. Maxey Washburn 
 
 Brown John A. Kittell Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo A. L. O'Mera Mondovi 
 
 Burnett James Jensen Grantsburg 
 
 Calumet Leo P. Fox Chilton 
 
 Chippewa L. M. Newman Chippewa Falls 
 
 Clark William L. Smith Neillsville 
 
 Columbia F. L. Van Epps Portage 
 
 Crawford O. P. Vaughn Wauzeka 
 
 Dane 1 George E. Gary Madison 
 
 Dodge A. B. Chandler Beaven Dam 
 
 Door Frank Graas Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Douglas P- G. Stratton Superior 
 
 Dunn E. O. Wright Menomonie 
 
 Eau Claire John G. Owen Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Max Sells Florence 
 
 Fond du Lac E. H. Lyons Ripon 
 
 Forest John Swenehart Crandon 
 
 L. A. Rogers Crandon 
 
 Grant H. E. Schreiner Lancaster 
 
 Qreen R- D. Gorham Monroe 
 
 P. J. Weirich Monroe 
 
 F. J. Bolender Monroe 
 
 Green Lake W. J. Patton Berlin 
 
 Iowa J- B. Eagan Aurora 
 
 J. H. Ford Dodgeville 
 
 Iron J- A. Slender Hurley 
 
 Jackson B. L. Van Gordon Taylor 
 
 Jefferson G. J. Kispert Jefferson 
 
 Juneau J- T. Hanson Mauston 
 
 Kenosha Walter M. Burke Kenosha 
 
 Dr. George L. Ross Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee C. W. Andre Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse D. W. MacWillie La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette Thomas Kirwin Darlington 
 
 Langlade R. Koebke Antigo 
 
 Lincoln Geo. A. Schroeder Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc Thomas Higgins Manitowoc 
 
 Henry Vits Manitowoc 
 
 John Miller Manitowoc 
 
 William Rahr, Jr. Manitowoc 
 
 68 
 
Marathon E. A. Dunn Wausau 
 
 Herman Marquardt Wausau 
 
 Marinette W. E. Morton Marinette 
 
 S. R. Brough Marinette 
 
 Howard I. Wood Marinette 
 
 Marquette Charles Barry Montello 
 
 Milwaukee John C. Post Milwaukee 
 
 James A. Hannan Milwaukee 
 
 Monroe T. P. Abel Sparta 
 
 Oconto William Comstock Oconto 
 
 Oneida Albert J. O'Melia Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie George F. Kull Appleton 
 
 Maj. H. E. Pomeroy Appleton 
 
 Geo. H. Beckley Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee Harry W. Bolens Port Washington 
 
 Pepin W. H. Biles Durand 
 
 Pierce Charles Hanson River Falls 
 
 Polk C. B. Casperson Luck 
 
 Portage W. E. Fisher Stevens Point 
 
 Price Michael Barry Phillips 
 
 Racine F. Lee Norton Racine- 
 Richland George Miller Richland Center 
 
 Rock Jesse Earle Janesville 
 
 A. J. Raubenheimer Beloit 
 
 Rusk L. E. McGill Ladysmith 
 
 St. Croix Spencer Haven Hudson 
 
 James H. Walker Hudson 
 
 Sauk W. E. Beringer Baraboo 
 
 Sawyer C. P. West Hayward 
 
 Shawano J. E. Scanlon Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan A. L. Sommers Sheboygan 
 
 Taylor H. M. Koehler Medford 
 
 Trempealeau Richard Holtan Whitehall 
 
 Vernon O. G. Munson Viroqua 
 
 Vilas O. H. Wiegand Eagle River 
 
 Walworth Riley S. Young Darien 
 
 Hon. O. R. Rice Delavan 
 
 Washburn Frank Hammill Spooner 
 
 Washington Henry Lieven Hartford 
 
 Waukesha Howard T. Greene Genesee Depot 
 
 T. J. Hughes Wales 
 
 Waupaca L. D. Smith Waupaca 
 
 Waushara F.M.Clark Wild Rose 
 
 Winnebago Edward Nielson Oshkosh 
 
 I. S. MacNichol Oshkosh 
 
 Wood Robert Nash Grand Rapids 
 
 69 
 
Gr — War Savings Organization 
 
 J. H. Puelicher, Milwaukee, Federal War Savings Director 
 
 State Advisory Committee 
 
 Emanuel Philipp, Governor 
 
 Henry Johnson, State Treasurer 
 
 A. E. Kuolt, Commissioner of Banking 
 
 August H. Vogel, Federal Reserve Bank Director 
 
 S. G. Messmer, Archbishop 
 
 Chas. R. Van Hise, President of the University 
 
 Wm. M. Post, President Wisconsin Bankers' Association 
 
 Magnus Swenson, State Council of Defense 
 
 Judson Rosebush, Wisconsin Loyalty Legion 
 
 Mrs. H. H. Morgan, Women's Organizations 
 
 Fred H. Clausen, Wisconsin Manufacturers Association 
 
 Wm. L. Davidson, Boy Scout Organization 
 
 State Executive Committee 
 
 Robert W. Baird Geo. B. McKerrow 
 
 Geo. D. Bartlett Robert N. McMynn 
 
 Dr. Chas. H. Beale Fred J. Schroeder 
 
 C. P. Gary F. B. Schutz 
 
 Joseph M. Crowley H. O. Seymour 
 
 Albert Friedman M. I. Stevens 
 
 A. C. Grant A. T. Van Scoy 
 
 J. J. Handley Fred Vogel, Jr. 
 
 E. J. Kearney Herman Wagner 
 
 Mrs. John W. Mariner Dr. Karol Wagner 
 
 County Chairmen 
 
 County Name Address 
 
 Adams Chas. H. Oilman Adams 
 
 Ashland Carl Rudquist Ashland 
 
 Barron Laurence S. Coe Rice Lake 
 
 Bayfield F. W. Downs Washburn 
 
 Brown Mitchell Joannes Green Bay 
 
 Buffalo D. A. Whelan Mondovi 
 
 Burnett James A. Corcoran Webster 
 
 Calumet Wm. N. Knauf Chilton 
 
 Chippewa T. J. Cunningham Chippewa Falls 
 
 Clark W. L. Smith Neillsville 
 
 Columbia A. M. Bellack Columbus 
 
 Crawford E. C. Amann Prairie du Chien 
 
 Dane Fred M. Brown Madison 
 
 Dodge W. H. Sherman Beaver Dam 
 
 Door Henry Fetzer Sturgeon Bay 
 
 Douglas F. A. Russell Superior 
 
 Dunn R. E. Bundy Menomonie 
 
 Eau Claire Geo. B. Wheeler Eau Claire 
 
 Florence Max Sells Florence 
 
 Fond du Lac D. F. Blewett Fond du Lac 
 
 Forest H. E. McGraw Soperton 
 
 Grant O. E. Gray Platteville 
 
 Green C. H. Dietz Monroe 
 
 70 
 
Green Lake John J. Wood, Jr. Berlin 
 
 Iowa Ernest C. Fiedler Mineral Point 
 
 Iron R. Paul Hurley 
 
 Jackson Frank Johnson Black River Falls 
 
 Jefferson Henry Schempf Ft. Atkinson 
 
 Juneau C. E. Babcock Necedah 
 
 Kenosha C. C. Brown Kenosha 
 
 Kewaunee Edward Seyk Kewaunee 
 
 La Crosse E. S. Hebbard La Crosse 
 
 Lafayette H. W. Burmeister Gratiot 
 
 Langlade J. C. Lewis Antigo 
 
 Lincoln E. E. Donoghue Merrill 
 
 Manitowoc George Vits Manitowoc 
 
 Marathon Harry C. Berger Wausau 
 
 Marinette F. J. Lauerman Marinette 
 
 Marquette Chas. T. Dahlke Neshkoro 
 
 Monroe Fred Gross Sparta 
 
 Oconto W. A. Holt Oconto 
 
 Oneida A. J. O'Melia Rhinelander 
 
 Outagamie Gustave Kellar Appleton 
 
 Ozaukee M. P. Becker Cedarburg 
 
 Pepin Geo. Tarrant ^_ Durand 
 
 Pierce Geo. B. Skogmo River Falls 
 
 Polk Harry D. Baker St. Croix Falls 
 
 Portage Alex Krembs Stevens Point 
 
 Price J. L. Davis Phillips 
 
 Racine Warren J. Davis Racine 
 
 Richland O. D. Black Richland Center 
 
 Rock Malcolm G. Jeffris Janesville 
 
 Rusk W. E. Thompson Ladysmith 
 
 Sauk R. P. Perry Reedsburg 
 
 Sawyer C. E. Wise Hayward 
 
 Shawano Geo. J. Schutz Shawano 
 
 Sheboygan Edw. Hammitt Sheboygan 
 
 St. Croix W. J. Barter Hudson 
 
 Taylor J. W. Benn Medford 
 
 Trempealeau O. B. Strouse Arcadia 
 
 Vernon W. F. Lindemann Viroqua 
 
 Vilas Amos Radcliffe Eagle River 
 
 Walworth T. M. Blackman Whitewater 
 
 Washburn J. M. Smith Shell Lake 
 
 Washington Edw. Russel Hartford 
 
 Waukesha E. R. Estberg Waukesha 
 
 Waupaca Wm. Dressen Waupaca 
 
 Waushara G. D. Sargent Plainfield 
 
 Winnebago W. J. Wagstaff Oshkosh 
 
 Wood L. M. Nash Grand Rapids 
 
 71 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS # 
 
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 020 933 485 9