■i^i^ii ', i' lull ')•!«> U''. * THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS AN EXPOSITION OF THE LAWS AND PRINCIPLES OF CHESS STRATEGETICS THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THESE LAWS AND PRINCI- PLES TO THE MOVEMENT OF FORCES : MOBILIZATION DEVELOPMENT, MANCEUVRE, AND OPERATION BY FRANKLIN K. YOUNG ATTXHOR OF "the MINOR TACTICS OP CHESS " BOSTON ROBERTS BROTHERS 1898 Copyriglt, 1897, By Fkanklin K. Young. All rights reserved. SSntijersttg ^rcss: John Wilson and Son, Cambridge, U. S. A. PREFACE. TN this volume is presented a complete system of -■- chess-play. This system is deduced from the play of the greater Masters ; and those processes by which they gained their renown are herein formulated and put into lan- guage for the first time. The principles which govern these processes are sim- ple and clearly stated. These comprehend every situa- tion possible on the chess-board, and, given the pomts occupied hy the opposing kings, then the proper posi- tions for the remaining pieces are readily depicted by the student who has mastered this theory. The chess-player will find this volume a compass, which at every move points the true course. The the- orist will find it a touchstone whereby the most subtle sophistry may be detected, and the " analyst " may come to understand from its pages why the house of cards he so laboriously constructs is invariably and with ease demolished by the " player across the board." Boston, 1897. CONTENTS. PAGE Introductory xiii Chess Strategetics 3 Basic Law 3 Strategy, Definition of 3 Tactics, " " ■ . 4 Minor Tactics, Definition of 4 Major Tactics, " " 4 Grand Tactics, " " 4 Logistics, Definition of 4 Lesser Logistics, Definition of 5 Greater Logistics, " " 5 Fundamental Principles 7 Grand Law of Strategy 7 " " Tactics 7 " " Minor Tactics 7 " " Major Tactics '7 " • « Grand Tactics 8 " " Logistics o . . 8 " " Lesser Logistics . j 8 " " Greater Logistics 8 The Strategetic Plane 9 The Topographical Zone 9 The Kindred Hypothetical Zone 11 The Adverse " " 13 The Strategetic Centre 13 " " Rear 15 " " Ris-ht Flank 17 viii CONTENTS. PAGE The Strategetic Plane (Continued). The Strategetic Left Flank 18 The Logistic Horizon 19 The Strategetic Objective (Single Front) 19 " " " (Double Front) 21 The Prime Strategetic Point 23 The Objective Plane 25 Strategetic Entireties 27 The Kindred Determinate Force 27 The Adverse " " . 29 The Kindred Hypothetical Force 31 The Adverse " " 32 Strategetic Weaknesses 33 Class I. (Schiffers vs. Tschigorin) 33 " II. (Bird vs. Gunsberg) 35 "' HI. (Pillsbury vs. Steinitz) 36 " IV. (Gunsberg vs. Blackburne) 37 " V. (Zukertort vs. Steinitz) . 38 " VI. (Zukertort vs. Steinitz) 39 " VII. (Weiss vs. Baird) 40 Strategetic Lines op Movement 42 Lines of Mobilization 42 " " Development 48 " " Manoeuvre 53 " " Operation 57 Illustrative Games 61 I. De la Bourdonnais vs. M'DonneU 61 II. Anderssen vs. Dufresne 64 III. M'DonneU vs. Amateur 66 IV. Anderssen vs. Kieseritzski 68 V. Morphy vs. Bird 70 VI. Morphy vs. Barnes 72 GRAND TACTICS. The Prime Strategetic Point 77 By the Right 78 " " Left 79 CONTENTS. IX The Prime Strategetic Point (Continued). By the Right Refused 80 " " Centre 81 Objective Planes 82 Class A 82 B C D E F G H I J 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Strategic Fronts of Operation Single Front by the Right 94 " Left 95 Double Front by the Right 96 " " " Left . 97 Minor Strategic Front 98 Major " " 99 Grand " " 100 Supplementary Formations 101 Minor Crochet 101 Major " 102 En Appui 103 Front Aligned 104 Double Alignment 105 Crochet Aligned 107 Enceinte 108 En Potence 109 Echelon 110 " Supported En Appui Ill Fianchetto , . 112 Lines of Mobilization 114 By the Right 114 " Left 115 " Right Refused 115 " Left " 115 X CONTENTS. PAGE Symbols and Abbreviations 116 Minor Right Oblique 117 " Centre Enceinte 131 " Left Oblique 135 " " " Refused 148 " Right Oblique Refused 156 Lines of Development , 159 Major Right Oblique 160 " " Enceinte 189 "• " Oblique Refused ' 194 " Left Oblique 198 « « " Refused 225 " " Enceinte Refused 236 Grand Right Oblique 243 " Left Oblique 255 " Right Oblique Refused 267 " Left Oblique Refused 269 LESSER LOGISTICS. Logistics of the QRP 280 " Q Kt P 283 QBP 286 " QP 288 " KP 290 " K B P 291 " K Kt P . . 292 « KRP 293 " KKt (White) 294 " " (Black) 296 " QKt (White) 297 " « (Black) 299 « KB (White) 300 « « (Black) 302 " Q B (White) 303 '' " (Black) 305 « KR (White) 306 « " (Black) 307 « QR (White) 308 « " (Black) 309 CONTENTS. xi PAGE Logistics of the Q (White) 310 " « " (Black) 311 Lines of Manoeuvre 312 Simple (Young vs. Ware) 312 Compound (Young vs. Fiske) 314 Complex (Young vs. Fellnar) 316 Lines of Operation 318 Strategic 318 a (Young vs. Kelsey) 319 6 ( " vs. Panin) 320 c ( " vs. Hill) 321 d I " vs. Kaufmann) 322 e ( " vs. Harlow) 323 Tactical 324 a (Young vs. Ware) 325 & ( " vs. Stone and Saulsen) 326 c ( " vs. Ware) 327 d ( " vs. Harlow) 328 e ( " vs. Sargent) 329 Logistic 330 a (Young vs. Ware) 331 fc ( " vs. Mackenzie) 332 c ( " vs. Orde) 334 d I " vs. Ware) 335 e ( " vs. Saulsen) 337 • GREATER LOGISTICS. Logistics op White's First Move 341 " " Black's First Move 347 " " White's Second Move 351 " " Black's Second Move 354 " " White's Third Move 357 " " Black's Third Move 359 " " White's Fourth Move 361 " " the Prime Strategetic Point .... 362 " " Objective Planes .' . 364 " " Strategic Fronts 367 " " THE Strategetic Objective 370 xu CONTENTS. PAGE Logistics of Supplementary Formations . . . . . 372 " '' Open Files, Open Diagonals, and Points Offensive 374 " " Lines of Movement 377 " " the Strategetic Horizon 383 The Chess Plater's Epitome 387 APPENDIX. Illustrative Games 393 1. Young vs. Pillsbury 393 2. " vs. Ware and Stone 396 3. " vs. Lowe 398 4. " vs. Snow 400 5. " and Burille vs. Ware and Snow 402 6. " vs. Sanford 404 7. " vs. Snow 406 8. " vs. Richardson 408 9. " vs. Snow 410 10. " vs. Dore 412 11. " vs. Snow 414 12. " vs. Cummings 416 13. " vs. Burille 418 14. " vs. Micliaelis 420 15. " vs. Sawyer 422 16. " vs. Ware 424 17. " vs. Burille 427 18. " vs. Richardson 430 19. " vs. Ware 432 20. " and Ware vs. Burille 434 21. " and Stone vs. Burille 436 22. " vs. Mackenzie 438 23. " and Ware vs. Zukertort ....... 440 24. " vs. Steinitz 443 25. " vs. Ware 445 26. « vs. Pillsbury 447 THE MODEL GAME. The Model Game (C. P. Morphy vs. Judge A. B. Meek) . 451 INTRODUCTORY. Long ago, when you were a little fellow not yet in your teens, and fonder by far of the fields and the daisies than of school-books and the school-room, little did you think, in your rambles by hill and by dale, to search for the spring from whence flows all human knowledge. Still less did it occur to you, during your infrequent and oft-times involuntary attendance at the local em- porium of learning, to make such inquiry of the village pedagogue. Had you done so, it is probable that he would have answered your query in some such way as this : " My boy, all human knowledge is derived from expe- rience — either from your own or from that of others." Then, with a severe glance and a reproving inflection in his voice, he might have continued : " Personal experi- ence is a hard school, but fools will learn in no other." This, of course, is impolite on his part, and, as he is a grown man and you are but a small boy, the ensuing situation is, for you, one of embarrassment. It would have been kinder had he made a specific illustration without, by implication, including your mi- nute personality in the demonstration. For instance, he might have told you that from the experiences of past generations are derived those facts XIV INTRODUCTORY. upon which is founded all human knowledge, and that each complete series of such facts, properly classified and arranged, constitute what is termed a science. To make this clear to you, he might have further ex- plained that Strategetics is the name given to the science of war, to distinguish it from all other sciences ; that the science of Strategetics is made up of the classifica- tion and systematic arrangement of facts derived from the experiences of the greater military commanders — Cyrus, Bpaminondas, Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar, Julian, Belisarius, Timour, Gustavus Adolphus, Tu- renne, Cond^, Eugene, Frederick, Washington, Napo- leon and Von Moltke ; and that the knowledge thus acquired teaches how, in any situation, one or more bodies of men may accomplish the overthrow of one or more opposing bodies of men by means of the occupa- tion of specific points, by specific forces, in specific times. Now, it is not unreasonable to assume that the ven- erable pedagogue played chess, or even that he was a player of skill, and possibly of renown. In such a case he well might continue a little further, and tell you,— When the forementioned bodies of men are repre- sented by bits of bone or by wooden automata known as chessmen, when the surface of the chess-board takes the place of a map, or of an expanse of actual country, when the calculation contemplates the occupation of specific points on the chess-board by specific chess forces in specific times, and when the term chess-play is substi- tuted for the term warfare, then, that chess knowledge derived from the experiences of the greater chess mas- ters — and which, so far as it is teachable, is contained in a systematic classification of facts logically deduced from INTRODUCTORY. XV the chess games of Philidor, Deschapelles, De la Bour- donuais, M'Donnell, Cochrane, Staunton, Szen, Anders- sen, Petroif, Boden, Lowenthal, Harwitz, Jaenisch, Kling, Stamma, Greco, Mayet, Gullim Kassim, Hey- debrant. Von Bilguer, Paulsen, Kolisch, Zukertort and Morphy, and upon which is based that consideration of numbers, localities and distances whereby, in a given situation, one or more bodies of chessmen may accom- plish the overthrow of one or more opposing bodies of chessmen — is termed in this theory, and it is believed with entire propriety, the Science of Chess Strategetics. THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. CHESS STRATEGETICS. /"^HESS Strategetics Is that science which teaches ^^ how, in any situation, a given body of chessmen may exert its maximum power for offence and for defence. The science of Chess Strategetics is founded upon a self-evident truth, the operation of which at all times is uniform and irresistible. Basic Law of the Science of Chess Strategetics. — Given a force which at a given point and at a given time is the greater force, then the given force at the given point and at the given time will overcome the opposing force. The science of Chess Strategetics comprehends the harmonious union of three great primary elements : — I. ' Strategy. n. Tactics. HI. Logistics. Strategy is that branch of the science of Chess Strate- getics which treats of the relative values of localities. It specifies those points which in any given situation should and should not be occupied ; depicts the objec- 4 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. tive of, and designates the proper direction to be given to lines of Mobilization, Development, Manoeuvre, and Operation. Tactics is that branch of the science of Chess Strategetics which treats of the relative values of forces. It defines those processes whereby a given integer of force may properly co-operate with or be opposed to any other integer of force. Tactics • is divided into three primary classes : — I. Minor Tactics. II, Major Tactics. III. Grand Tactics. Minor Tactics treats of the proper construction of Primary Bases. Major Tactics treats of the evolutions appertaining to any given integer of chess force when acting either alone or in co-operation with a kindred integer against any given adverse integer of chess force, the latter acting alone, or in combination with any other of its kindred integers. Grand Tactics treats of the values of objective planes ; of the construction of strategic fronts, of the locating of the Prime Strategetic Point, and of the exploitation of lines of Mobilization, Development, Manoeuvre, and Operation. Logistics is that branch of the science of Chess Strate- getics which treats of the movement of forces from a given point to any other point. Logistics is divided into two primary classes : — I. Lesser Logistics. II. Greater Logistics. CHESS STRATEGETICS. 5 Lesser Logistics treats of those movements of forces which are contained in lines of Mobilization and in lines of Development. G-reater Logistics treats of those movements of forces which are contained in lines of Manoeuvre and'in lines of Operation. I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES SCIENCE OF CHESS STEATEGETICS. Grand Law of Strategy. — AlwajS oppose a force united, and thus capable of putting forth its maximum power for offence and for defence, to an adverse force disunited, and thus incapable of putting forth its maxi- mum power for offence and for defence. Grand Law of Tactics, — The force exerted by a given piece against a given point is equal to the force exerted by any other piece against the same point; but the force exerted by two or more pieces is greatest at that point where their radii offensive intersect. Grand Law of Minor Tactics. — Whenever, in the de- ployment of opposing forces, a formation is adopted by one player which properly belongs to the other player, the incident is favorable to Black. Grand Law of Major Tactics. — The offensive force of a given piece is valid at any point against which it is directed ; but the defensive force of a given piece is valid for the support of only one point, except when the points required to be defended are all contained in the perimeter of that geometric figure which appertains to the supporting piece. 8 TEE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. ' Grand Law of Grand Tactics. — Always act on a line of Operations when it exists. Otherwise, always act on a line of Manoeuvre. Grand Law of Logistics. — All the pieces move in straight lines from one point to another point within the Strategetic Plane, and their lines of movement take the form of verticals, horizontals, diagonals and obliques. Grand Law of Lesser Logistics. — When exploiting a line of Mobilization or a line of Development, so deploy or develop that each pawn and piece may reach its proper post in the minimum number of moves, and without obstructing the movement of any other kindred pawn or piece. Grand Law of Greater Logistics. — When acting on a line of Operations no movement should be considered whose outcome cannot be mathematically demonstrated ; and wdien acting on a line of Manoeuvre, that movement always is to be selected which combines with the ma- noeuvre either a deployment or a development. THE STRATEGETIC PLANE. The Strategetic Plane is that surface within whose limits are contained all the forces, and upon which are executed all the movements, that are comprehended in a game of chess. Its salient characteristics are the following : — The Topographical Zone is that part of the theatre of conflict which is in view of the contestants, and is known as the material or visible chess board. THE TOPOGKAPHICAL ZONE. ElG. 1. {Black.') (White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 11 The Kindred Hypothetical Zone is that invisible part of the theatre of conflict which appertains to a given player, and within which is contained all the forces and executed all the movements incident to the materializa- tion of the Kindred Hypothetical Force. KINDRED HYPOTHETICAL ZONE. White. Fig. 3. Er^<- ^^~ ■.//.\7..T>/yA 12 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. KINDRED HYPOTHETICAL ZONE. Black. EiG. 4. m Wi O'//////////. fm^.^4A^m m ■W////////yA- i i i t i I i I i I i ■%7//////A\ CHESS STRATEGETICS. 13 The Adverse Hypothetical Zone is that invisible part of the theatre of conflict which appertains to the oppo- nent, and within which is contained all the forces and executed all the movements incident to the materializa- tion of the Adverse Hypothetical Force. The Strategetic Centre of a given position is that cen- tral diagonal which extends in the direction of the objec- tive plane, and divides the topographical zone into two equal parts. THE STEATEGETIC CENTKE. By the Eight. EiG. 5. {Black.) 1^^ '^^: mm "^m. m #^g m '^mi (White.) 14 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE STRATEGETIC CENTRE. By the Left. EiG. 6. {Blaelc.) {White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 15 The Strategetic Rear of White is the first horizontal. THE STRATEGETIC REAR. White. EiG. 7. {Black.) (White.) 16 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. The Strategetie Rear of Black is the eighth horizontal. THE STRATEGETIC REAR. Black. EiG. 8. 'MAMmAMAMm M 'mm,__ mm, {White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 17 The Strategetic Right Flank is the lateral extremity of the King's side. THE STKATEGETIC RIGHT FLANK. EiG. 9. {Black.) (White.) 18 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. The Strategetic Left Flanh is the lateral extremity of the Queen's side. THE STKATEGETIC LEET FLANK. EiG. 10. {Blach.) 'WM 1 m i Pi 'mm. m ■ i m msB, '"^■■md^rw m.. '*^'-ww^^'-m^"^^''fw (White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 19 The Logistic Horizon of a given force always is the strategetic rear of the opponent. The Strategetic Objective in a single front of opera- tions is that point the occupation of which by a pawn or by a piece establishes the kindred force on a Grand Strategic Front of Operations. THE STRATEGETIC OBJECTIVE. Single Eront by the Eight. EiG. 11. {Black.) m ,,,jmm. ^,mm^:'Mm^ 'mm 'mm. w/. ^B^^^^^^^l'-'"-" m (White.) w>i^ y//////M 20 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE STEATEGETIC OBJECTIVE. Single Front by the Left. EiG. 12. {Black.) 'MM^y m wJm 'mwA m m 'mm, 'mm'. m X Wa 'mm. ''>y//////V'. va 1 mm.^'mm, 'mm> n ''^W/M. n ^ mm^. mm^. ^W a W /////y////A ,q ^i: y////////M„ m _ ^m^^'Sm. OVhiie.) CRESS STRATEGETICS. 21 The Strategetie Objective in a double front of opera- tions is that point which is situated at the angle formed hj the union of the major crochet with the riglit or left oblique. THE STRATEGETIC OBJECTIVE. Double Eront by the Riglit. EiG. 13. (.Black.) 'mm e Wa Wa s&a w,y a f fif {White.) 22 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE STEATEGETIC OBJECTIVE. Double Eront by the Left. EiG. 14. {Black.) {White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 23 The Prime Strategetic Point is that point in the topographical zone which at a given time is occupied by the kindred king. PRIME STRATEGETIC POINT. Normal position — White. EiG. 15. {Black.) (White.) 24 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. PRIME STRATEGETIC POINT. Normal position — Black. Pig. 16. {Black.) (White.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 25 The Objective Plane is composed of the point occu- pied by the adverse king, together with the immedi- ately adjacent points. (Cf. Minor Tactics, p. 44.) THE OBJECTIVE PLANE. Normal position — White. EiG. 17, {Black.) Wmwmmm ^ ^^^i^r-"-^ % '^ P 'mm, — .^— .^.^ m ^ ( White.) 26 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS, THE OBJECTIVE PLANE. Normal position — Black. EiG. 18. (Black.) -mm. — -^^"^^^'^p ^^^^'"""^ e^ ^e,. -m -- 1 wm.^^ ^^ mm,.. y///A O ^&| O m mm, d ^^_ (F?i«e.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 27 Strategetic Entireties. — The Kindred Determinate Force is composed of those pieces belonging to a given player which at the given time are contained within the topographical zone. KINDRED DETERMINATE FORCE. Normal position — White. Fig. 19. (Black.) m .. ..^^ wi mm. mm.. ,,, ■y^//////m , ^//////m'. w////M^, y/z/z/y/M ■^m. /x fim (White.) 28 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. \ KINDEED DETERMINATE FORCE. Normal position — Black. EiG. 20. {Black.) ¥A ^ ^mmT^^. {While.) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 29 The Adverse Determinate Force is composed of those pieces belonging to the opponent which at the given time are contained within the topographical zone. ADVERSE DETERMINATE FORCE. White. EiG. 21. (Black.) i i 'wm. m mm. '■mm. {White.) 30 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. ADVEESE DETEKMINATE EORCE. Black. EiG. 22.' {Black.) S, ? ^ IS *" ^////////Y/ (White,) CHESS STRATEGETICS. 31 The Kindred Hypothetical Force is that accession of force possible to a given player through the promotion of one or more pawns, which at the given time are con- tained within the topographical zone. KINDEED HYPOTHETICAL EOKCE. White. Fig. 23. :^ m m THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. KINDRED HYPOTHETICAL FOECE. Black. Fig. 24. {Black.) ''//:■ ■///////////Ya' # (T7Ai/e.) 2%e J.d;t>erse Hypothetical Force is that accession of force possible to the opponent through the promotion of one or more pawns which at the given time are con- tained within the topographical zone. STRATEGETIC WEAKNESSES. A Strategetic Weakness exists in a given position, when by violation of the principles of Major Tactics two or more portions of the given force are exposed to be simultaneously attacked at a time when they cannot be simultaneously defended; or when by violation of the principles of Grand Tactics an improper strategic front is selected, or the proper strategic front is im- properly constructed, or when the Prime Strategetic Point is improperly located ; or when the King, together with one or more portions of the given force, or one or more points in the Logistic Horizon, are exposed to be simultaneously attacked at a time when they cannot be simultaneously defended. Strategetic weaknesses are divided into seven classes : Class I, contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the Prime Strategetic Point being open and exposed to the attack of hostile pieces. 34 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. TSCHIGORIN. mm^ • 'WiM W^M 'W£M mim wi 4m <^^M^y. ^ ^y^M M^^A ^^M Am mk fm ■ 111 fm f^i m ■my, _^=_^^^^ SCHIFFEES. Black to play and win. This position occurred in a match game played in 1890. Tschigorin, having to move, played P — Q Kt 3, and ultimately the game was drawn. The correct play is as follows : — White. 2. KtxR. 3. KxB. 4. K-Kt3. 5. K moves. Black. 1. R-R8(ck). 2. B-R7(ck). 3. R-KRl (ok). 4. Kt-B4(ck). 5. R-R5(ck). Checkmate. CHESS STRATEGETICS. 35 Class II. contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the Prime Strategetic Point being improperly posted, covered, supported, or sustained. GUNSBERG. ^«^ 'mw3 m ^•1 wM 4M 4M ili m,^T^....'<^^/A. 1 , iWi I m i fMI P Bird. Black to move. This position occurred at the Third Annual Congress of the British Chess Association, 1887. Gunsberg, having the move, played Kt — Q 3, overlook- ing the resulting situation of his King. Bird, instead of mating in two moves by 1 Q x P (ck) and 2 B — Q B 3 (ck) and mate, played B X P. Gunsberg then won by Kt X B. 36 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. CLA.SS III. contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the exposure of the Prime Strategetic Point and one or more parts of the kindred force, to be simul- taneously attacked at a time when they cannot be simul- taneously defended. Steinitz. ■ i • Al 1 ill i i H Mi i fM WA m. IS PiLLSBURT. White to play and win. This position occurred in the St. Petersburg Master's Tournament, 1895. White, having to move, played P — Q 5, and ultimately the game was drawn. The correct play is as follows : — CHESS STRATEGETICS. 37 Black. 1. K-Bl (best). 1. K-Rl. 2. P-KE3(best). 3. R X Kt. White. 1. Kt-KB6(ck). 2. Kt X R P (ck) and wins. If Black plaj'S, 2. Q-KR5. 3. Kt X B. 4. Q X B P and wins. If 2. P X Kt, White wins by 3. Q-R6,Kt-Kt3; 4. Rx Kt and mates next move. Class IY. contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the exposure of the Prime Strategetic Point and one or more points on the Logistic Horizon, to be simultaneously attacked at a time when they cannot be simultaneously defended. Blackburne. ei«._ » M i ^m X §m Hi i,.^i^^^ y^m. iS '^IT^^TT^y,.^ ^ m% ^ '%^/A pi ill 'm ^ ''mm " MM. m>. 'mm, '/zzzzzzz^, iWz. 31 i tsl GUNSBEKG. Black to play. 38 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. This position occurred in a match game in 1887. Black, having to play, manoeuvred to combine a pawn advantage on the Queen's side with an exposed objec- tive plane, and moved R X Q R P. White replied R x R, and Black played Q x Kt P (ck). Gunsberg now, instead of winning by Kt — Q 2, moved K — K 2, and ultimately the game was drawn. After Kt - Q 2, if Q x R, then Q x R (ck), K x Q ; Kt — R 5 (ck^, and White is a R ahead. Class V. contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the exposure of the Logistic Horizon and one or more portions of the kindred force to simultaneous attack at a time when they cannot be simultaneously defended. Steinitz. ,, ^ i mm. % '^S!^M. i B i Pl i PI " ^^ y///////m, iiTTT^y./-^^'^ y/z/z/z/M',^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^'^^^^^^{^^^{^^^^^^^^^S^^^^^^^^ ^^^'^- ^'Z- ZUKERTORT. Black to move. CHESS STRATEGETICS. 39 This position occurred in the match of 1886. Black, having the move, played P x P, and ultimately White won the game. The correct play is as follows : — White. Black. 1. B-QR4. 2. PxP. 2. BxB. 3. PxB. 3. R (Rl) — QKtl. 4. P X P. . 4. P X P. 5. Q-Ql. 5. Q-KB4. And Black wins by 6 R X P, or 6 R - Kt 7. Class VI. contains those strategetic weaknesses pro- duced by the exposure of two or more portions of the kindred force, to be simultaneously attacked at a time when they cannot be simultaneously defended. Steinitz. i ■ ^ 1 pl mm . ^p 'mm la^^ m wsM. m'm%,. ^ p W, mM, ffii '£| fc •Moy/zZm^ ^ (White.) 44 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. LINES OF MOBILIZATION. Minor Front by the Left. Fig. 26. (Black.) 'mm- ^''mm. ^\ m ^B ^fe %... '^^ '^^/////M, /'-///■■////y. mi^^ . y//////M, -■ „,,,, -^^'^^^^ (Tf^iie.) STRATEGETIC LINES OF MOVEMENT. 45 LINES OF MOBILIZATION. Minor Eront by the Right Refused. Fig. 27. {Black.) ||i'B«ll III ' M^ % i ■ m m////z//. ^«^ 6'/////////. j^^m ^^ WM$ WM k ^P m ^P Pi * ^P m ../'^m. m ^^B ^B ^m 46 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. LINES OE MOBILIZATION. Minor Eront by the Left Eefused. (Attack.) EiG. 28. {Black.) ''^■■mmF^% m mm. 'M -^'/////////.^ y//////M„ Wy>mm PI wmA m '^A 1 {White.) STRATEGETIC LINES OF MOVEMENT. 47 LINES OE MOBILIZATION. Minor Front by the Left Kef used. (Counter Attack.) Pig. 29. {Black.) i. wBi"— H •««^«^^» m.....,mm,,^ (IFAte.) 48 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. A Line of Development is composed of those move- ments whereby the primary base is developed along the proper major or grand strategic front. LINES OE DEVELOPMENT. White. — Major Eront by the Right. Black. — Major Eront by the Left Refused. EiG. 30. {Black.) Hi m mm ^ mm m "AMJ^ ^^ ^»^^"w^^" ^^^ 'mm^.^d&M ^mi ^^w^^-^^^ ^^- ^^ m V/MM wm% mm. w/////^, ,,,,,„jM. Bird. Black to move. 72 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. VI. Another of Morphy's masterpieces. This game illus- trates the formation of the first supporting parallel by Black and the attack of the objective plane located on the centre. It, of course, ranks as one of the finest games ever played. PHILIDOR'S DEFENCE. Barnes. MOKPHY. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. P-Q3. 3. P-Q4. 3. **-KB4. 4. PxKP. 4. BPxP. 5. Kt-Kt5. 5. P-Q4. 6. P-K6. 6. B-B4. 7. Kt-B7. 7. Q-B3. 8. B-K8. 8. P-Q5. 9. B-KKt5 9. Q-B4. 10. KtxR. 10. QxB. 11. B-B4. 11. Kt-QB3. 12. Kt-B7. 12. QxP. 13. R-Bl. 13. Kt-B3. 14. P-KB3. 14. Kt-QKt5. 15. Kt-R3. 15. BxP. 16. BXB. 16. Kt-Q6(ek) 17. QxKt. 17. PxQ. 18. Castles (QR). 18. B X Kt. 19. B-Kt3. 19. P-Q7(ck). 20. K-Ktl. 20. B-B4. 21. Kt-K5. 21. K-Bl. 22. Kt — Q3. 22. R-Kl. 23. Kt X B. 23. QxR. And White resigns. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 73 ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. Position after White's 14th Move. EiG. 47. MOEPHT. mmi^'. M. ^ % .^ Oyy^//y///j 'YZ/y/////// ^/////////// '^////y/////, ■^^■^fi„aj ^ .J 1 '^1 41 i 'mm m. /yy,yyy,///, /////////V/. '^/^y^^'M '///////M, ill,: 'm_ Barnes. Black to move. GEAND TACTICS. THE PRIME STRATEGETIC POINT. The Prime Strategetic Point always is that point which is occupied by the kindred King. PEmCIPLE. The proper post for the Prime Strategetic Point is at the extremity of a straight line drawn from the centre of, and at right angles to, the grand strategic front. It never should be posted at the extremity of an adverse major or grand strategic front ; nor on the same side of the board with the crochet aligned in a double strategic front ; nor on the wing refused of a kindred minor or major strategic front. 78 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. PKIME STRATEGETIC POINT. (By the Eight.) Fig. 48. {Black.) ^— "^ 4M. ^ ^ r'F ^'^ y/ ^Sl (White.) THE PRIME STRATEGETIC POINT. 79 PEIME STKATEGETIC POINT. (By the Left.) Fig. 49. i,Black.) {White.) 80 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. PEIME STRATEGETIC POINT. (By the Eight Eefused.) Fig, 50. {Black.) J .. #Si P^^ « w W mm wm 'mm w§ m -mm^ iBM. -'mm,. 'm'////^' ^^^^^^^^^ ^ m w^M. 4M ^p ^^ m I {While.) THE PRIME STRATEGETIC POINT. 81 PEIME STRATEGETIC POINT. (By the Centre.) Fig. 51. {Black.) J ^e ,, -mm, *m ^^..,.,,,,„,,^^^^^^^ OY//////77J'. ^'wJ^% m -mm, mm. m mm/A m #Mi. {White.) OBJECTIVE PLANES. PRINCIPLE. The mobility of a given Objective Plane decreases as the number of points open to the movement of the ad- verse King decreases. The vulnerability of a given Objective Plane increases- as the number of radii of offence possible to be operated against it by hostile integers of force increases. The potential value of a given Objective Plane is as the sum of its mobility and its vulnerability is to the sum of the radii of offence operated by a hostile deter- minate force. There are sixty-four Objective Planes. These are divided into ten classes : — Class A comprises the four objective planes in which the adverse King is situated at R 1. The normal vul- nerability of a plane of this class is 21 ; its normal mobility is 4. OBJECTIVE PLANES. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class A. Fig. 52. {Black.) ^^P ^P ^P ^P ( White.) Vulnerability . . 21 Mobility . . 4 Summary. Sum of Verticals aud Horizontals .... 4 Sum of Diagonals 5 Sum of Obliques 12 Total 21 Sum of Points of Movement 4 83 84 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Class B comprises the eight planes in which the adverse King is situated at Kt 1 or at R 2. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 30 ; its normal mobility is 6. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class B. EiG. 53. {Blacle.) i^^,. m WM. m ^^.. % "• m 'mm^ Wi ^» iSl i IBI {White.) Vulnerability . . 30 Mobility . . 6 Summary. Sum. of Verticals and Obliques 5 Sum of Diagonals 7 Sum of Obliques 18 Total 30 Sum of Points of Movement OBJECTIVE PLANES. 85 Class C comprises those eight objective planes in which the adverse King is located at K B 1, Q B 1, R 3, R 6. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 39 ; its normal mobility is 6. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class C. Fig. 54. {Black.) PPi v/w/// %/' '^^ M w0Wa.. 1 imI m.^ 'mi f^A 1^ ^^ 'mm... %; mm. (White.) Vulnerability . . 39 Mobility Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals . . Sum of Diagonals 9 Sum of Obliques 23 Total 39 Sum of Points of Movement 6 86 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Class D comprises the eight objective planes in which the adverse King is situated at K 1, Q 1, R 4, R 5. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 42 ; its normal mobility is 6. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class D. Fig. 55. {Black.) 'mm^y. mm^y. mm>A w^- 'IS' W!'j 4^^/A ^ ^ ■Z^m^W. (White.) Vulnerability . . 42 Mobility . . 6 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 7 Sum of Diagonals 9 Sum of Obliques 26 Total 42 Sum of Points of Movement 6 OBJECTIVE PLANES. 87 Class E comprises the four objective planes in which the adverse King is situated at Kt 2. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 42 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLAJSTES. Class E. Fig. 56. {Blach.) m i '^^?> y///////'/ m mm. OVhiie.) Vulnerability . . 42 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 9 Sum of Diagonals 9 Sum of Obliques „ . 24 Total 42 Sum of Points of Movement 9 88 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Class F comprises the eight objective planes in which the adverse King is situated at K B 2, Q B 2, or Kt 3. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 54 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class F. Fig. 57. (Black.) W^/ m mm, .,,, "M ^ m .^m 'mm. {Whiie.) . Vulnerability . . 54 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 9 Sum of Diagonals 12 Sum of Obliques 33 Total ; 54 Sum of Points of Movement 9 OBJECTIVE PLANES. 89 Class G comprises the eight objective planes in which the adverse King is located at K 2, Q 2, Kt 4, or Kt 5. The vulnerability of a plane of this class is 58 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class G. Fig. 58. (.Black.) ^^%%^ % '/mm ^^ =^^' m, ^ 'mm. mm. M. IMI 'mm m. {White.) Vulnerability . . 58 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 9 Sum of Diagonals 11 Sum of Obliques 38 Total 58 Sum of Points of Movement 9 90 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Class H comprises those four objective planes in which the adverse King is located at B 3. The normal vulnerability of a plane of this class is 71 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class H. EiG. 59. (Black.) I m. mm. 'WW/ M i^i. ^«"^ ^ -^^w^ % mm. L„.^ m. m mmy. {White.) Vulnerability . . 71 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 12 Sum of Diagonals 16 Sum of Obliques .43 Total 71 Sum of Points of Movement 9 OBJECTIVE PLANES. 91 Class I comprises those eight objective planes in which the adverse King is located at K 3, Q 3, K B 4, Q B 4, K B 5, Q B 5, K 6, or Q 6. The vulnerability of a plane of this class is 78 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class I. Fig. 60. {Black.) m, mm \mm .^^f'm 'mm. pK 'm m^'. m. 1 m IMI 'mm. ''mm. 'mm. m. ^^ 'mmy. [White.) Vulnerability . . 78 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 12 Sum of Diagonals 16 Sum of Obliques 50 Total 78 Sum of Points of Movement 4 92 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Class J comprises those four objective planes in which the adverse King is located at K 4, Q 4, K 5, or Q 5. The vulnerability of a plane of this class is 92 ; its normal mobility is 9. OBJECTIVE PLANES. Class J. Fig. 61. (Black.) m. y//////M m mm, mm. .^ m 'mm. 'mm. m. \ mm, ^''■mm^'m ^ {White.') Vulnerability . . 92 Mobility . . 9 Summary. Sum of Verticals and Horizontals .... 12 Sum of Diagonals 16 Sum of Obliques 64 Total 92 Sum of Points of Movement 9 STRATEaiC FRONTS OF OPERATIONS. Those dispositions of the pawns, which, properly sup- plemented by the pieces, establish a given determinate force in such a formation that it properly may cover the prime strategetic point and the strategetic rear, main- tain the integrity of the strategetic front and flanks, and operate in the minimum of time with the maximum of force against the objective plane, are termed in this theory, Strategic Fronts of Operations. PEINCIPLE. Always establish the strategic front of operations upon the strategetic centre, and extend it in the direc- tion of the objective plane. Strategic Fronts of Operations are of two kinds, viz. : — I. Single Fronts. II. Double Fronts. A single front of operations always is adopted when the objective plane is located on the centre or at the extremity of the strategic front. 94 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. SINGLE FKONT OF OPERATIONS. (By the Right.) Fig. 62. {Black.) m M^ J^%, ^-^ a .. ^ e« I m. mm. 'mm. m ^ ;^^^^ (White.) STRATEGIC FRONTS OF OPERATIONS. 95 SINGLE FRONT OF OPEEATIONS. (By the Left.) Fig. 63. {Black.) m 'mm. ■mwA o m m W/Z/Z/Mi, I m {}Vhiie.) ^ w/////m'. i 96 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. A double front of operations always is to be adopted whenever the objective plane is located otherwise than on the centre or at the extremity of the strategic front. DOUBLE FEONT OF OPERATIONS. (By the Eight.) EiG. 64. [Black.) ^^1 iSl ^ Pf fSf mm ^— .^^ (White.) STRATEGIC FRONTS OF OPERATIONS. 97 DOUBLE FRONT OF OPEEATIONS. (By the Left.) Fig. 65. {Black.) {White.) 98 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Strategic fronts of operations are divided into three classes : — I. Minor Strategic Fronts. II. Major Strategic Fronts. III. Grand Strategic Fronts. A Minor Strategic Front is formed by a salient ; or by the union of a salient and a supporting parallel ; or by the union of two salients ; or by the union of two salients and a supporting parallel. It may properly be aligned, doubly aligned, and reinforced by the minor crochet and by the crochet aligned. MINOR STEATEGIC FRONT. (By the Right.) Fig. m. {Black.) i m 9-,„.,„4&M M W////M, I ,w/////m '//yj ^yyyyy/Wy <^ „,.,„„„^^^^^^^ y^/////M^' Wa IbI {^W-Uie.) STRATEGIC FRONTS OF OPERATIONS. 99 A Major Strategic Front is formed by the extension of the salient one point along that diagonal upon which the minor strategic front already is established. It may properly be aligned, doubly aligned, and reinforced by the minor crochet, the major crochet, the crochet aligned, or supplemented by the formations echelon, enceinte, and en potence. MAJOR STRATEGIC FRONT. (By the Right.) Fig. 67. {Black.) m ^m. hm, .^ ^r^r^ ^^^^^^ 4m ^ 4M ^ iM i ■/////////// '^'^"y/ i tgl {White.) 100 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. A Grand Strategic Front is formed by the extension of a salient two points along that diagonal upon which the minor strategic front already is established. It may properly be aligned and reinforced by the minor crochet, the major crochet, the crochet aligned, or sup- plemented by the formations echelon, enceinte, and en potence. GEAND STRATEGIC FRONT. (By the Right.) Fig. 68. {Black.) ^"■mJ^'m. ^. ^^^,«,^^p.^^^ 4M m m. 4m^. (White.) SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. Minor Crochet. — The Minor Crochet is formed by deploying the K R P or the Q R P at R 3. Its use is to sustain the strategic front against an adverse major oblique refused en echelon. MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 69. {Black.) ^ '^"m^^m '////////m w///////^. ,Cl ■, Cl s si '^ ^ » {White.) 102 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Major Crochet. — The Major Crochet is formed by posting the K Kt P or the Q Kt P at Kt 4, to sustain the double front of operations ; or to cover a major or grand strategic front, by preventing the alignment of an adverse minor strategic front refused. MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 70. (Black.) 'Wa 'mM ^ii^ a M ■ f si 'mm wm m la m ^^'^g^^w^^^ i a s 4M. (White.) SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. 103 En Appui. — The Mn Appui is formed by posting at R 3 that Rook's pawn which when thus posted does not constitute the minor crochet. The utility of this formation consists in the support it affords for establishing the echelon by P — Kt 4, and in permitting the K to occupy R 2 in the fronts directed by the right. EN APPUI. Fig. 71. {Black.) i 'mm m ^e "■■ m. Wa. W/W//} 'mm. e^ m w/m, ^ta '^"^B. ^^^g 104 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Aligned. — The Front Aligned, or the single Alignment, is a supplementary formation in which the K P is posted at King's fourth in the minor right oblique, and the Q P at Queen's fourth in the minor left oblique ; the K B P at King's Bishop's fourth in the minor right oblique refused, and the Q B P at Queen's Bishop's fourth in the minor left oblique refused ; the K B P at King's Bishop's fifth in th6 major right oblique, and the Q B P at Queen's Bishop's fifth in the major left oblique ; the K Kt P at King's Knight's fifth in the major right oblique refused, and the Q Kt P at Queen's Knight's fifth in the major left oblique refused ; the K Kt P at King's Knight's sixth in the grand right oblique, and the Q Kt P at Queen's Knight's sixth in the grand left oblique. The utility of this formation lies in the facilities it affords for assuming the offensive either by attack or by counter-attack, and for establishing the major front. SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. 105 ALIGNED. Fig. 72. {Black.) {White.) Double Alignment. — The Froyit Doubly Aligned is a supplementaiy formation in which the K P and K B P are posted at their fourths in the minor right oblique ; the Q P and Q B P at their fourths in the minor left oblique ; the K B P and K Kt P at their fourths in the minor right oblique refused, and the Q B and Q Kt P at their fourths in the minor left oblique refused ; the K B P and K Kt P at their fifths in the major right 106 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. oblique, and the Q B P and K Kt P at their fifths in the major left oblique. The utility of this formation lies in the facilities it affords for the deployment of the forces and for estab- lishing the major front. DOUBLY ALIGNED. Tig. 73. (Black.) 'mm ^p m ^^ ^^" m % " -mm. '^'fJ^'-^^-^^' 4&A ^H, ^K^ '^ 4^A (White.) SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. 107 . Crochet Aligned. — The Crochet Aligned is formed bj the deployment of the K R P and the K Kt P, or of the Q R P and the Q Kt P, at their fourth squares. This for- mation belongs exclusively to the double fronts of opera- tions, and is never properly combined with a single front. Its use is to bring into action the refused wing, when a change in the direction of the strategic front is not feasible, and after the objective plane is permanently located at a point which neither is on the centre nor at the extremity of the already established strategic front. CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 74. (.Black.) {White.) 108 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Enceinte. — The Enceinte is a supplementary forma- tion in which the K B P is posted at King's Bishop's fifth and the K Kt F at King's Knight's fourth, or the Q B P at Queen's Bishop's fifth and the Q Kt P at Queen's Knight's fourth, to sustain the major right oblique or the major left oblique, respectively ; or the Q Kt P is posted at Queen's Knight's fifth and the Q E, P at Queen's Rook's fourth, to sustain the major left oblique refused. ENCEINTE. Fig. 75. {Black.) (White.) SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. 109 En Potence- — The formation En Potence is a supple- mentary disposition of either the K B P or the Q B P, in which one or the other of them is posted at Bishop's fourth for the purpose of supporting the vertex point of the major right oblique or of the major left oblique, respectively ; or of the K Kt P or the Q Kt P, in which case one or the other of these is posted at Knight's fifth for the purpose of supporting the vertex point of the grand right oblique or of the grand left oblique, re- spectively ; or of the K Kt P or the Q Kt P, in which case one or the other of them is posted at Knight's fourth for the purpose of supporting the vertex point of the major right oblique refused or of the major left oblique refused, respectively. EN POTENCE. Fig. 76. {Black.) {White.) 110 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Echelon. — The Echelon is a supplementary formation in which either the K B P and the K Kt P, or the Q B P and the Q Kt P, are posted at their fourth squares, for the purpose of supporting and sustaining the major right oblique or the major left oblique, respectively. ECHELON. Fig. 77. {Black.) mi y///'w/ ■ m. W//M mm.. GA 4SA, p^....:^9a (White.) SUPPLEMENTARY FORMATIONS. Ill ECHELON SUPPORTED EN APPUI. Pig. 78. (Black.) '*-m ^ m 'mm. 'MM WfW WfW/ R & p €SI (TF7Mte.) 112 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Fianchetto. — The Fianchetto is a supplementary for- mation wherein the Q Kt P is posted at its third square, to permit of the deployment of the Q B at Q Kt 2, This formation is properly established only in the left oblique refused. THE FIANCHETTO. White. Fig. 79. {Black.) ^ m. ,.J^^. m 'mm m, ^B m P, #^J , mm. WM. ^^^, ^mm. i/e.) Maxim. — White must not permit the black Kt to establish itself at ■Q 4, as it would do if White now proceeded to form the major front by P-K.5. All else being equal, the development in the text will give White the superior game. 124 TEE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 7. M R O D A K OFcTOPR^ M O P B 1 A. V^xB.KtKBS. D .•.K5P B. KtKB3x.-.KB5P. MINOE EIGHT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED WITH MINOE CEOCHET. Fig. 87. (Black.) ill. i "^^ iM S « ^ yy//////^. fm m Mi '■V/T/y/zv// 'y////7////' i^iijTifv^ r, n r, '//yy////>y ///////////a //////////a %^:^, 1^ mm^A {White.) Maxim. — In this situation White has nothing to fear from the posting of the black Kt at Q 4 after White's advance of P — K 5, as after the alignment of his major front b}^ P — B 5, White threatens to occupy the strategetic objective by P — K B 6. THE MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 125 FORMULA No. 8. MROJ OPL M < (O P B 2 A - R, Q, Kt U) + K R K 1 + Q Kt Q B 5. VxB. QKtP. D .•.QR6RP. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 88. {Black.) (White.) Maxim. — This double front of operations having been established, the only resource left to the opponent is to throw his whole force by the right against the white K. For this reason, White must never invalidate his formation by the right, as he must rely on it for the integrity of his prime strategetic point. The advantage in mobility tliat Black already possesses on the right, will be much intensified should White, by changing his front to the left oblique, thus locate his king on his refnsed wing. 126 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 9. M R O A J OPL M < (O P B 2 A - R, Q, Kt, U) + Q Kt Q B 5. y/ X B. Q Kt P. D .•.QR6RP. MINOK EIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MAJOE CEOCHET. Fig. 89. (Black.) (White.) Maxim. — White must never advance the Q Kt P to Q Kt 5, attacking the black Q Kt in this double front. Black would retire Kt — Kt 1, and either exchange or compel the retreat of the white Kt at Q B 5, where- upon the strategic vaiue of White's position is greatly depreciated. White would commit a strategic error if, in this situation, he were to establish the major left oblique by P — Q 5, as his prime strategetic point would then become posted on the refused wing. THE MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 127 FORMULA No. 10. MRODAJ OPL M < (0 P B 1 A - R, Q, Kt, U) + Q Kt Q B 5. V^ X B. Q Kt P. D .•,QR6RP. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 90. (Black.) i III ■ ■mm. - mM0<^} ^ m 'm//mf^^w'Wr\Wm'mM^'*\ (White.) Maxim. — It would be a strategic error for "\^ite to establish the major right oblique by P — K 5, as he would be extending his strategic front not in the direction of the objective plane. 128 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 11. MROCA- OPL M < (O P B 2 A - Kt, R, Q, U) + K R K 1 + Q Kt Q B 5. y/xB. QKtP. D .•.QR6RP. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 91. (Black.) iim. ^''-=^'^s=t 4r7^^'>7-77^^/. 'V/y. <^, S/////M> wm. i '*^JM i^lMl ( White.) Maxim. — This is the position of grand tenace at chess. From it the permanent location of the objective plane should be calculated, and the proper major front projected. In all cases wherein the permanent location of the objective plane cannot be calculated, that line of development should be selected which at the given time seems most in accord with strategic principle, with the resource con- stantly kept in hand of adopting a double line of operations and estab- lishing the crochet aligned. MINOR CENTRE ENCEINTE. 133 FORMULA No. 15. MCE OPR M < (0PB3-R,Q,U). y/.-MRO. D '. K Kt 1 K + K B 1 R + K B 4 P + K 5 P. Fig. 95. MINOR CENTRE ENCEINTE. {Black.) ■ 1 Am . m m msM. wiw.r^ w/z/zM z^y///////. '>(0/mM 111 ■ 111 » 1 1 ^ l^ft (TFAWe.) Maxim. — White would commit a strategic error in attempting to establish the major front by the right previous to castling K R, on ac- count of white's K R 4 being open to occupation by the black Q. 134 TEE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 16. MCE OPL M < (0 P B 1 A, reversed, - R, Q, U). V.-.MLO. D .'. Q B 4 P, Q B 3 Kt, K 2 Q Q Kt 1 K Q B 1 R. Fia. 96. MINOR CENTRE ENCEINTE. (Black.) 'mm. .w/////^,,. M?^i IS ''^B..xu:^m .w/////^. ^^,™„„^W^ ( TTMe.) Maxim. — White could also castle K R and establish the M R O D A J in this situation. But this would be inferior, as the prime strategetic front is more exposed, and defended with greater difficulty, in a double front of operations than in a single front. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. This front properly is adopted only when the objec- tive plane is located on the Queen's wing. 136 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 17. MLO OPL M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed, - R, Q, U) + Q R Q 1. v/ .•.,MLQ OPL X B. Kt Q B 3. D Q 5 Kt, QKt 5 B, Q 3 Q R, Q 1 K R, K 2 Q. Fig. 97. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. (Black.) (White.) Maxim. — This situation is decidedly more to White's advantage than when the objective plane is located on the right. It requires more time for Black to perfect his line of defence, owing to the fact that his Q is exposed to the attack of the white Q R, and does not naturally defend the black Kt at Q B 3. The point Q 5 is usually open to immediate occupa- tion by the white Q Kt, and the black Q R P is undefended. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 137 FORMULA No. 18= MLOA OPL M < O P B 2 A, reversed. V' X B. Kt Q B 3. D .•.Q5P B. Ktx .-.QKtSKt. Fig. 98. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED. [Black.) m mm 'mm Wa fii fi '&^..m>A..&. (White.) Maxim. — Black is lost. In most cases it will be found that White can properly sacrifice a piece in order to so expose the objective plane that it may be readily and decisively attacked. It will be observed that Black has no offensive resources, as the entire White force interposes between him and its prime strategetic point. 138 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 19. MLOD A OPL M < O P B 1 A, reversed. / ,MLO OPL X B.Kt Q B 3. D .-. Q5P B. Ktx .-. QB5P. MINOE LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED. Fig. 99. {Blach.) m., y//////M., wm (H II 1 , &Ji,-a.iSi ^ ,mm. HI 'V>yyyy^///y //////////Z ////A m m mm. (White.) Maxim. — White wins easily in this situation. It is of no consequence that the black Kt maj'- occupy Q 4, and from thence exchange for the white K B, for White's superiority in force and position is so sufficient that noth- ing can prevent his ultimate command of the objective plane. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. FORMULA No. 20. MLOK 139 OPL M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed, - R, Q, U) + Q R Q 1. v/ | MLO 1)PL. D .-. Q 5 Kt, Q Kt 5 B, Q 3 E, Q IQR. MINOE LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fis. 100. {Black.) M..^J^Mi WM. WM m mm. ^ m mr^;^m. 'mm. '^m wm x ^ ^^^B^^^ij^^^j (^VMie.^) Maxim. — In the formations which include the minor crochet, it will he observed that the B is invariably retired to B 2. It must never be posted at Kt 1, even though the R's are deployed, as it is essential to the safety of the refused wing that no adverse piece, especially if the latter is a Kt, be permitted to occupy the point R 5. 140 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 21. M L O A K OPL M < O P B 2 A, reversed. v/ X B. Kt Q B 3. D .•.Q5P B.KtQBSx.-. QKtSKt MmOE LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 101. {Black.) iSl WS^.: mg ■ 1 /////////A {White.) Maxim. — In all fronts directed by the left, and wherein the objective plane is the result of Black's castling Q R, if the latter attempts to sup- port the black Kt at Q B 3 with the Q, the white K B can usually be de- veloped at Q Kt 5 with advantage, especially after the white Q Kt has occupied the point white Q 5, for then the latter piece in many cases may be posted at Q Kt 4, and the disintegration of the pawns on Black's Queen's side ensured. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 141 FORMULA No. 22. < M L O D A K OPL M O P B 1 A, reverse d. .-. MLO b?L X B. Kt Q B 3. D s/ .•.Q5P B. Kt Q B 3 X QB5.P. MINOE LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 102. (Black.) (Whiff.) Maxim. — It seems worthy of remark in resjard to this position, that under the most favorable circumstances, and even should Black break through the white minor crochet, still Black's game is hopeless, for the white R's are not required in the attack of the objective plane, and may both be sacrificed to prevent the queening of one or more black pawns, the white force in the interim having acquired a decisive advantage over the ailverse kins'. 142 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 23. MLOJ OPE M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed, - Kt, R, U) + Q R Q 1 + K Kt K B 5. V/xB.KKtP. D QR6P. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Tig. 103. {Black.) 'mm. m, 4a 'mm,. 1 4M 1.,-:?^,/^^^ WM. __,, m mm. ^ PI m ^T^./mm, W'^...wm^ {White.) Maxim. -= In all double fronts the presence of the white R P at R 5 is a serious matter to Black. Whether the pawn proceeds at once, to R 6 and forces the black Kt P to Kt 3, or whether this is delayed and subordi- nated to the action of the other Avhite pieces, is immaterial, and is always determined by the conditions which actually exist. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 143 FORMULA No. 24. M L O A J OPR M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed, — R U) + K Kt K B 5. VxB.KKtP. D ' .-.QRGRP. MINOE LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MAJOE CEOCHET. Fig. 10-i. (Black.) {^Vhite.) Maxim. — Whenever, in the double front, Black's attack against the white K becomes too powerful for the force defending, the white Q E must be played to Kt 1 , and the K Kt retired to Q 1 ; while the white K, if necessary, may retreat via B 1 and Q 2. But this manoeuvre is seldom advisable, except when the checkmate of the black king can be forecasted, as it is only a temporary expedient. If the command of the objective plane cannot be calculated, and Black's attack is more immediate, it is best to rest on the crochet aligned and counter attack on the other side of the board, and in defence of the white K. Black will not be able to develop offensive measures of such strength except through errors on the part of White. 144 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 25. MLODAJ OPE M- < (O P B 1 A, reversed, - Kt, R, U) + K Kt K B 5. V^xB.KKtP. D .•.QR6RP. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 105. {Black.) ^^ ^^ fm ^/ mm. -mw/A W/^^y. '^m. (^^ m mj-^..,:mm. ■^'///////Ai m 'mm. ^^ IS 1 1 ^ 4^, y/y////yZvC' ^^p^/-^/--^ Maxim. — In the double front doubly aligned White is practically im- pervious to attack, and may proceed against the objective plane with entire security. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 145 FORMULA No. 26. MLOCA OPR M < (O P B 2 A, reversed, - Kt, R, U) + Q R Q 1 + K Kt K B 5. V X B. Q Kt P. D .-. QR6RP. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUfe WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 106. (Black.) ^e ^ m.. m mrn^,. ^ mm.^^mm. wM v/////////. ;^^^^ m wr m 'mm, ^ ymm. m km. '^^z:m/A m m ^^m. fi mm. m,^ mm. ( Wliile.) Maxim. — In all double fronts, wherein Black plays Kt P — Kt 3, and attacks the Kt at the angle of the salient and the major crocliet, it de- pends upon the situation entirely as to whether the Kt be sacrificed or not. As a rule, this manoeuvre will be fatal to Black. 146 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 27. MLOAC A OPR M -< (O P B 2 A, reversed, - Kt, R, U) + K Kt K B 5. VxB.QKtP. D .-. QR6RP. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH CROCHET ALIGNEI^. Fig. 107. {Black.) m.^^^^jmm mm p m mM:... m IS 1 Si^ ^ Zm w/z/zM, 'mm " s^ m. w/,..t-:^.:mwA i ..9,...C^J 1 m. &Ji.^,iMjf„„^e., wM wz/y/z/M!, ^m^M P_^rf 1^1 ^P. ^ {White.) Maxim. — It must never be lost sight of that in the double front a prime object is to create an open file, either the Kt's or the R's, whereby the wliite Q and white R's may be brought into action against the objec- tive plane. After the R P has reached R 5 it will be found impossible for Black to prevent the creation of this open file. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 147 FORMULA No. 28. MLODACA OPR M < (O P B 1 A, reversed, — Kt, R, U) + K Kt K B 5. y/xB. QKtP. D .-. Q R 6 RP. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. iG. 108. (Black.) ■ W i m itai-*- ^*^^ 6vy/xyyyOV/ mm^^^^^ p m^tm. 1 ^^? (TFMe.) Maxiji. — The defensive resources of this position are surprising. * White has not a piece nor a pawn which is not supported ; but one point on White's side (Q Kt 4) can be occupied by an adverse piece, and the white pieces command 42 out of the total 64 squares of the chess-board. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This front may be adopted either by White or by Black, or by both. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. Fig. 109. {Black.) W'ym 'mwA ^'wwM ^%. ^ '^"pp ^ P ■ .™g_4l^^^ W/////ZM '!m%!mK ^:^f^.y!^//////w, '//J^/y/. ^% W.^y, IH^aw; (TFMe.) MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 149 MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. Fig. 110. (Black.) ^ m i ill si ill i I 1 *..« Ml '»////////^,. '//////////'^y (White.) Maxim. — This front is far inferior to either the right oblique or the left oblique. It does not take the direction of the objective plane, it is not established on the strategetic centre, and it compels the prime strate- getic point to become permanently located on the refused wing. 150 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 29. MLORF OPC,OPL,OPR ^ M (CPBl-Kt,E, U). \J .'. | M LOR. D .-. Q 1 K^ QB4P,QB3Kt,QBl QR. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED EN FIANCHETTO. Fig. 111. White. (Black.) m 'mm, ^^mm, mm, 'mm "mm. 'mm- ^ m. im M ■ 5j^%; y/A m IM ^^75S^,2 ^^^^„~r^,^^^^^^^ . 'Z//////M'. i^^ '^-^ W/mA mM, ^ ^^ White.) MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 151 MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED EN FIANCHETTO. Black. Fig. 112. {Black.) mAm^m i III i m ^^ ^^ ^^5 Pi^ »^ mm. IWI iwi iwl jy^MM. ^ '^y^?wM . (White.) Maxim. — This formation frequently is much preferable to aligning the front, on account of its preventing Black from exchanging the Q P and Q B P until such time as White may profit hy such manoeuvre. The fianchetto should be adopted only when the range of the B takes the direction of the objective plane. 152 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ALIGNED. Fig. 113. White. {Black.) — PI P'^ - ^^ i, .&j fsf. &. ^.^M^fii^^M JBg y^////////y/. vf^^Ty?^'^' {White,) MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 153 FORMULA No. 30 MLORA OPC,OPL,OPR M < (C PB 1 — B, R, Q, U and 2nd aux. salient). \l .-. M L E R. D .-. Q Kt 3 P, Q Kt 2 B, Q B 1 Q^, Q 2 Q, Q 1 K R. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ALIGNED. Black. Fig. 114. {Black.) I^^K,^ ^ Sl^^ mm ///yyy.y///, '7//////yy//j ^IT^^TT^/; '^//////M'. ^ 4 IB 1 1. mm ^^ ^>^g m I^P '^m> l^fl %% wmmm ^/^m/m ^^My//y ( White. ) Maxim. — This aligned front is much less valuable to White as an offensive formation than it is to Black as a defensive measure. In the latter case it is of great utility, and one of the strongest minor fronts at Black's disposal. 154 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 31. MLER OPC, OPE, OPL"^ M CPBl. V-: . ,M L R H. ' D QB5P, QKt4P, QR4P. Fig. 115. MINOR LEFT ENCEINTE EEFUSED. White. (.Black.) M ^M ^^ MM pgl ^ '^m, mm. m iwi { White.) Maxim. — This front is much inferior to the right and left obliques, on account of the fact that it is not coincident with the strategetic centre. Black should oppose it with the P B 2 A, and direct his whole attack by the right against the objective plane. MINOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 155 FORMULA No. 32 MLER ^< OPC, OPL, OPR M CPBl. y/ ■•■ ,M L R H. _D .•.QB5P, QKt4:P, QR4P. MINOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. Black. Fig. 116. {Black.) w mk-WMim i Pi i ■ Mi, ^, ^ v/////////. 'Z^mmm; '^m ^g ^g ^ ^^^m/a '^^w/A ^^^y Maxim. — The CPBl belongs equally to Black and to White, but the former never can safely adopt it if White initiates it ; neither can he safely adopt it against the minor right oblique initiated by White. On the other hand, it is the most effective mobilization against the major right oblique when prematurely established by White. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This front properly is adopted only by Black, and by him only when the objective plane is located on the King's wing. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 157 FORMULA No. 33. MROR P C, P R. M P B 5 A. y/.-. 0PB4A. D .-. K Kt 5 Kt, K B 4 P. MINOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. {Blach.) Si*^ 11 i 'm^Mim i fMI m m m m,^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ ., ^ i%^^^ 4^^A (White.) Maxim. — In this situation it often is extremely good play for Black to manoeuvre K Kt — Kt 5. If White at once replies with P — K R 3, it may create a weakness from which he will suffer throughout the game. Otherwise Black may follow with P — K B 4, securing the desired position. 158 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 34. MRORA P C, O P R M 0PB4A. < / .-. OPBIA X W. Kt K B 3. D .•.K5P W. Kt K B 3 X .-. Q 4 P, K 2 Q Kt, Q B 3 P. MINOE RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ALIGNED. Fig. 118. {Black.) '//y//////// '^///////w. /T/MyZy/i '///////////. ^ 'm i.,#„i#l^. irn^. 'y///////yA„ B Bi ■'mm %, i e^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^5 '^^77^^ 'Ty-TPry^/A. m #^^ ^Mi ( TFAiife.) Maxim. — This powerful position belongs to Black. It is the strongest formation possible for him to attain, with correct play by White. It should be the model for the second player in all games which open with 1 P - K 4. There is no reason why Black should lose, after he has once perfected this line of mobilization. LINES OF DEVELOPMENT. Lines of Development are divided into eight classes according to their direction : — I. Major Front by the Right. II. Major Front by the Left. III. Major Front by the Right Refused. IV. Major Front by the Left Refused. V. Grand Front by the Right. VI. G-rand Front by the Left. VII. Grand Front by the Right Refused. VIII. Grand Front by the Left Refused. The object of a line of development always is to take possession of the strategetic objective. PEmCIPLE. A line of development should always take the direc- tion of the objective plane. Whenever the line of development does not take the direction of the objective plane, the strategic front of operations always should be reinforced by the crochet aligned. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. The objective plane being located on the King's wing, this front, properly constructed, gives the advantage in position as compared with any adverse minor or major front of operations. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 161 FORMULA No. 35. MRO "'"O P C, O P R^ M (OPB2A + PK5). y/.-. KB6P: D K Kt 5 Kt, K B 4 P, K B 5 P. Fig. 119. MAJOR EIGHT OBLIQUE. (^Black.) Pi I ^ 0//////m mm 1^ ^ '^/////M, '///////m!!/. ^"^^^ iS'^ P^ g eI ^ IMI (TfMe.) Maxim. — In all single major fronts directed by the right, the object of White is to occupy the point white K B 6 with a piece or a pawn, and if the latter, then preferably with the K B P. All else being equal, this manoeuvre, if successful, will give White a winning superiority in position. 162 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 36. MROA o p c, o p r"^ M (0 P B 1 A + P K 5 + P K B 5). V/ .-. G R 0. D .-. K B 6 P. Fia. 120. MAJOE RIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED. {Black.) 'rnm^y. '^m m d,^ 4QA WM.,^ . r////yj'/////. v=^:^ 1 ^8 _ Isls^a Maxim. — When the opportunity is presented to occupy the strategetic objective on a single front, it must be remembered that mere occupation is not enough, but that the piece or pawn must be established on K B 6. Thus, if the latter point is supported, White usually should so manoeuvre as not to be compelled to retake adverse pieces with the white K P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 163 FORMULA No. 37. MROP ~OPC,OPR M < (OBP1A + PK5 + PKB4). V/.-.MRQA. D .-.KB 5 P. MAJOE EIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE. Fig. 121. {Black.) 'wm 'mm II 'm-^^^'^K w//////m, w/z/z/m. BlJ ■ZZ7//ZZ////^^^^^' '"^^ ifeS?^.;^^ i--« ^ €SJ ^ ^^ Maxim. — In this situation White secures a winning position hy P — K B 5. As a rule, Black can prevent this only by the deployment K B P — B 4, in which case White should take with the K P en passant, followed hy P — K B 5 and K Kt - K 5. 164 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 38. . MROK O P C, O P R M < (OPB2A + PK5 + PQR3). V/.-.GEO. D K Kt 5 Kt, K B 4 P, K B 5 P, K B 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE WITH MINOR CROCHET. Tig. 122. {Black.) m. i fSl ^s^^ m ■ m. W////M, vy/////M. '^1777^777}'/- ^^^^;?;^«{i«^,'=^^!7r!.J«^^^ yy/z/z/M, ^/////M, 4, m IbISiS (TFMe.) Maxim. — In this and similar situations Black's attack is not decisive except through an error on the part of White. The latter should attack the objective plane with the utmost vigor ; exchange the Q R P for the Q Kt P when advanced, in order to reduce the promotion value of the black force. Usually White will win, from the fact that his front is directed against the objective plane, while Black's is not. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 165 FORMULA No. 39. MROAK O P C, O P R^ M (OPB1A + PK5 + PKB5 + PQR3). y/.'.G.R.O. D .•.KB6P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 123. (Black.) i « '/y//////W'j'. W/Z/Z/jW. 'f*777^r7Ti'/. ^^-^^^^^^^^^gJJJ^^^^^^^gg^^^^ ^yy/xyZ^ v^=e7S:=e y/ ^T TT^Ov. IMI lai (TFMe.) Maxim. — This is the model for attack in all situations wherein the adverse king is located on the refused wing. It particularly shows the line of counter-attack which Black should always adopt whenever White initiates the left oblique refused. 166 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 40. MROPK "^0 P C, O P R^ M (OPB1A + PK5 + PQR3). V/.-.GRO. D K B 5 P, K B 6 P. MAJOR EIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH MINOE CROCHET. Fig. 124. (Black.) ( White.} Maxim. — After the establishment of the front aligned bv P — K B 5, White usually can, with great advantage, manoeuvre the K Kt — Kt 5. be- fore playing P — KB 6. At the same time it frequently happens that the immediate advance by P — K B 6 is preferable, retaking with the K P, and then posting the K Kt at K 5. In all cases wherein other things are equal, this is a winning position for White, as Black is enormously outflanked on the right, and will be found utterly unable to defend his prime strategetic point against the white force thus massed against the objective plane. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 167 FORMULA No. 41. MEQAW "^O P C, P k"" M (OPB1A4-PKB5 + P-KR3). y/GRO. D K Kt 4 P, K Kt 5 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUL Fig. 125. {Black.) ^. mm,.. M #J^^ ^^ %f^"^ ^ W IB! M S Maxim. — The formation en appui is chiefly clirected against those positions in which Black has occupied the strateg-etic objective with his Tv B P strongly supported. The object of White is to break up this posi- tion by exchanging his K Kt P for the adverse K B P, and then to occupy the open K Kt file with his K R. 168 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 42. + MRQDAW OPC, opr' M (0PB1A + PKB5, PKKto,PKR3 + KRKKtl + QRKB1 + KR2). V . •• open K Kt file KR. D .•.KB6KKtP. MAJOE EIGHT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUL Fig. 126. (Black.) e^^«« Ky,„ /////mi iSi i f^J 'mwA mm^ 'mm mm a Mf r-N ^P (TFMe.) Maxim. — The white K Kt P should exchange for the black K BP. There are no cases in which the K Kt P should advance to K Kt 6. The motif oi this situation is to permit of the white Q and R attacking the ohjective plain via the open K Kt file. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 169 FORMULA No. 43. M R O P W '*"0 P C, O P R^ M (OBP1A + PK5 + PKR3). open K Kt file K R. D •• K R 2 K, K Kt 1 K R, K Kt 4 P. MAJOE RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI. Fig. 127. (Black.) {White.) Maxim. — In this and similar situations the object of White is to open the K Kt file by exchanging the K Kt P for the adverse K B P at K B 4, and then to occupy the open K Kt file -vvith K R. Usually the K Kt P should not be advanced to K Kt 4 until sTipported by the K R at K Kt 1 ; but there are cases wherein White may properly advance K Kt P - K Kt 4, and if Black plays K B P X Kt P, then White may proceed P — K B 5. But this last manoeuvre is only feasible when Black has committed an egregious error, which opens to White a strategic line of operations. 170 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 44. MROHW O P C, P R M (OBPlA + PK5 + PKKt4 + PKIl3). y. •. open KKt file KR. D K B 5 K Kt P. MAJOE EIGHT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI. Fig. 128. {Black.) m ^m. i m mm: mm. m. ,w/////m', '///////My, m y, fmMJm'. W, , W/////// *^=fe"S^ <,i779^h7}'/, ■W^m. y//////y. iSl. ^S m ■mJ^^'-md^'m m ^ ym ^^^/M. IS {White.) Maxim. — In this position Black's game is untenable, but White must never play P — K Kt 5, nor prematurely exchange the Kt P for the black KB P. Instead, the white Q Kt may be developed at K Kt 3, after which White may frequently initiate a strategic line of operations by the sacri- fice of a piece for one or more pawns. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. FORMULA No. 45. MROFWK OPC, OPR^ M (OPB1A+PK5 + PKR3+PQR3). y/.-.KKtP echelon. D^ '•. K R 2 K, K Kt 1 K R, K Kt 4 P. 171 MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 129. (Black.) ^ m 'mm,.„T...mM. ^ ^^^^^^ wMAMAJMA. i I SI iSl -mm. 1^1 ^ ^» ^ €^l ^ ^B (While.) Maxim. — In this situation many opportunities will be presented for breaking the right wing of Black, but in all cases the exchange of the K Kt P for the black K B P must be reserved for the decisive moment, and until such time as White has absolute control of the K Kt file, and in no case must the white K Kt P be advanced to K Kt 5. 172 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 46. MROAWK "^OPC, OPR'^ M (OPB1A + PK5 + PKB5 + PKR3 + PQE3). V/xB.PKB3 D .•.KB4KKt. MAJOR EIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 130. {Blach.) i .til 4M Pi ial ■ »< i ^ lai ^ iMi Maxim. — White should never attempt to form the echelon in this and similar situations, but should seek for the strategic line of operations which will usually be found to exist. The sacrifice of a pawn, or even of a piece, Avill frequently be justified, if thereby White is enabled to occupy the strategetic objective. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 173 FORMULA No. 47. . M R D A W K "*" OP C, OPE M (OPBlA + PK5 + PKB5 + PKKt5 + PKR3 + PQR3). y' .•. open Kt file. D /. K B 6 Kt P MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fio. 131. {Black.) '*'M^'W i 4M. S 4M 'mm^. X mm mm. m e^ *^ ife^^^ „^ ^ 7y//////mi w/y/zM. . 417^7^77^2.^ -mm fm§ WM' "^ '^'' ^ Fa^ AWf':'^^ IS fSJ m (TF^iYe.) Maxim. — White must never change the direction of his front hy play- ing in this situation P — Q 5. So long as no line of operations exists, the Q E P should steadily he advanced to its sixth. If P — Q 5, Black will retire Kt — Q Kt 1, and the white Kt must then either retreat or be ex- changed, and White's strategic front is disorganized, and although it so happens that in this case he undoubtedly will win the game, the process is not scientific, and is far less easy than the consistent developing of the strategic front. 176 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 50. . M R O A C A . •\ ^ ^ ^ < OPL M (OPBlA-Kt,Il,U) + PK5 + PKB5 + PQKt4 + PQR4 + Kt-QB5). V X B. Q Kt P. P .-. Q E 5 P. Q E, 6 P. MAJOR EIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 134. {Black.) ^ Kl i pj m W/////M'. m'/////Z^/. '^■r^^rr>z. m mm m ^Wi .'M'/////m, Wi pi Wy^ 'My/Mm'.^ fffii *-mm^'m. m (White.) Maxim. — White should not proceed with P — KB6, thus establish- ing the grand right oblique, as that front would not have the direction of the objective plane. He should continue with the advance of the Q R P to Q R 6. It does not follow that a player should adopt a course which will ulti- matelj" win; the true criterion of skill is the selection of that course which wins in the quickest and surest manner. The high art consists in despatching a beaten antagonist like a master, and not like a novice. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 177 FORMULA No. 51. ■ MBOPC A "^ OPL M (0 P P 1 A - Kt, K U) + P K 5 + P - Q R 4 + P Q R 4 + Kt Q B 5). V/ X B. Q Kt P. D .-. Q R 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 135. (Black.) II i I| ■ m m ww^ WKr W^ m 'rnm^y. ^ ^ m ffilJ,«€^« m ^ ^J fil ^8 ^H ^ IS! fSl (Tf%i'/. 'yy/mrny til ^ i^^. ^ ^^ ^ ^M (TF;i?7«.) Maxim. — If in this situation Black makes the error of playing P — Q Kt 3, White replies B - R 6 (ck), followed by K R — Q K 1, and then by P ~ Q J^ 5. If the B K retreats to Q 1, however, on the check White may usually best proceed with Kt — Kt 7 (ck), followed by B — Q Kt 5. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 181 FORMULA No. 55. MEOHWC A OPL M < (0 P B 1 A - Kt, E, U) + P K 5 + P K Kt 4 + P K E 3 + P Q Kt 4 + PQE4 + KKE2. V/ X B. Q Kt P. D .-. QE6P. MAJOE EIGHT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI WITH CEOCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 139. (Black.) 1! i II ■ (White.) Maxim. — In all cases wherein Black makes the error of playing P — Q E 4, White should reply with K E - Q Kt 1. If Black now ex- changes the white Kt at Q B 5, White retakes with Q Kt P, followed by Q — (J Kt 2. The black K thus being driven to the centre, White now con- tinues the attack by developing his major front by the right unto P — K B 5 and P — K Kt 5, with the piirpose of occupying the strategetic objective with a piece. 182 THE GRAND TA,CTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 56. MRO J +- OPL M < (0 P B 2 A - Kt, R, U) + P - K 5 + P Q Kt 4 + Q Kt Q B 5. v/ .•.en potence X B. Q Kt P. D .-. K l«or K Kt 5 Kt, + K B 4 P .-. Q E 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOR ^CROCHET. Fig. 140. (Black.) PI i Pi m ^//-///^.^ Y//////////. c-r77T^7r>A 'Km, w//////A_ 'Z^/////M, ^ftw WKD/ ^B ^ B. S ■ m.k.m. 'om'y w//////m'. '%Z^{(/M 111 i i ,„„„„,» 4M fi 4M m. ^ 1^^ {White.) Maxim. — White must prepare to support his major front with the K B P en potence, and his best move is Kt — K Kt .5, all else being equal. Otherwise, he should plav Kt — K 1 , followed by P — K B 4 in either case, and returning the Kt to K B 3 with all despatch. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 183 FORMULA No. 57. MROAJ OPL M {O P B 1 A - Kt, E, U) + P K 5 + P K B 5 + P Q Kt 4 + Q Kt Q B 5. V X B. Q Kt P. D .-. Q R 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MAJOR CROCHET. {Black.) Hi„li ■ ®-WM''^^"- ■mm ^iS »»^*^ m m ^^w-^.^ ^^g^^^'^^ .^k^M Vyk^M %^4% mS^m^m. ^m/tM? 4sk '^9/, ^W ^ IWI {Whiie.) Maxim. — White must establish the crochet ah'^ned bv P — Q R 4 at once ; and as in all similar cases, he must hold his right wing and centre immovable, and press the attack on the left with all possible energy. 184 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 58. MEQD AW J OFL M (OPBIA-Kt, R,U) + PK5 + PKB5 + PKKt5+PKK3 + PQKt4 + QKtQB5 + KKE2 + KRKKtl. V/ X B. P Q Kt 2. D .-. Q R 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fio. 142. {Black.) if ill ■ mm^; mm mm a ^^WKM '''' 1 '^^A III '%m ■Z^^'A K €SI {While.) Maxim. — Here is presented a strong temptation for White to develop a single front by the right, all of which is wrong at this time. White should at once establish the crochet aligned by P — Q R 4, and hold sta- tionary his centre and right wing until a line of operations is initiated. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 185 FORMULA No. 59. MEG P J OPL M < (0 P B 1 A - Kt, R, U) + P - K 5 + P Q R 4 + Q Kt Q B 5. V X B. Q Kt P. D .•. Q R 6 P. MAJOR EIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 143. (Black.) PI i PI m^ W. m. ^^^^, g«??^ IP i S {White.) Maxim. — White should establish the crochet aligned by P — Q E 4 at once, and foUow this with P — Q E 5. This is one of the safest positions that White can adopt, for Black can make no impression whatever on the white right wing. 186 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 60. ,MRO W J OPL M < (O P B 1 A - Kt, R, U) + P K 5 + P K E 3 + P Q Kt 4 + Q Kt Q B 5. / .-. appui V XB. q: D KtP. .-. K R 2 K .•o Q R 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fis. 144. {Black.) ^m W% Wm m Wa mM mMmt isl (While.) Maxim. — White should play at once K — K R 2, in order to perfect the en appui and to permit of the quick formation of the echelon on the right, when necessary. Then he should at once proceed to establish the crochet aligned by P — Q R 4. ' MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE. 187 FORMULA No. 61. MRO A W J OFL M < (O P B 1 A - Kt, R, IT) + P K 5 + P K B 5 -I- P K E 3 + P Q Kt 4. V/ X B. Q Kt P. D QR6P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 145. (Black.) mi i mi i ^«^«g^e W/////^. ^/////////.. fMf m m mm, 1 ^^ p^ »# « '^ (TlVuVe.) Maxim. — Whenever the formation en appui is adopted, the K should be posted at R 2, in order to support the R P and to make room for the posting of the R at Kt 1. This may be delayed in cases where, as in this instance, the strategic front is so powerfully developed that White has nothing to fear from any attempted adverse attack. 188 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 62. MRO H W J + OPL M -< (OPBl A-Kt, R,U) + PK5 + PlvKt4+PKE3+PQKt4 + QKtQB5 + KKR2 + KRKKtl. V' X B. Q Kt P. D .-. Q R 6 R P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fio. 146. {Black.) P .^.^H ^M ■ i ■ ■ .M--Pm m to. ^ u i * Is '''^/MvM ^..,.'!^M^y IBP ^ ^^ '^m ^ ^^^y i^'" e Bl (Ti^tite.) Maxim. — In these fronts, never change the direction by advancing P — Q 5, nor extend further in the same direction by P — K B 6. Put all your time and energy into the attack of the objective plane, by means of the crochet aligned. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE. The objective plane being located on the King's wing, this front, properly constructed, constitutes a winning advantage in position. 190 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 63. MRE W O P C, P R M < (OPBlA-RU) + PK54-PKB5 + PKKt4 + P-KE3 + K K E 2 + K R K Kt 1 + Q R K B 1. ^ Grand Right Oblique. D .-. K B 6 Pj^ or K Kt 5 P, or K B 4 Ktj^ or K Kt 5 Kt. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE EN APPUI. Fig. 147. {Black.) ««^^ m IMI IS (TFAiile.) Maxim. — "White's win is assured, the question being merely one of manner of finishing the game. The best move usually wUl be P — K Kt 5. Either P — KB6 (if no black pawn is at either K2 or KKt2), or Kt — Kt 5, or Kt — B 4, and in some cases Q B — Kt 5, are available. The object is simply to establish the grand right oblique and to open the K Kt file for the rooks in case Black has castled K R. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE. 191 FORMULA No. 64. MB E WK ^ OPC, OPR M (OPBlA-RU) + PKR3 + PKKt4 + PKB5 + PK5 + PQR3 + KKR2 + KRKKtl + QRKBl. V -■• Grand Right Oblique. D .-. K B 6 P, or K Kt 5 P, or K B 4 Kt, or K Kt 5 Kt. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 148. {Black.) «.^, ^«^"-^«f^p."-^ J ^B ^ ^^ Z'^^A f^^^ I (TTMe.) Maxim. — The remarks on the foregoing apply equally to this situa- tion. White establishes the minor crochet in order to properly oppose the major left oblique refused and echeloned adopted by Black. 192 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 65. MRE W J PL M (OPBIA-Kt, R,U) + PK5 + PKB5 + PKKt4 + PKR3 + KKR2 + KEKKt 1. v/ .•. Crochet aligned C A .-. X B. Q Kt P. D .-. QR4P,QE.5P^QR6P. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 149. (Black.) [White.) Maxim. — In this and similar positions establish the crochet aligned, and attack the square Q R 6 with the Q R P, meanwhile availing of any opportunity to win in any other way by an error of the opponent, and especially by Kt x Q Kt P, or by P — Q Kt 5. Changing front by P — Q 5 will seldom be found desirable, although it may be adopted at times when the opponent has played so unscientifi- cally that he is without resources. The right enceinte rarely should be adopted without the en appui, and as a rule the latter should be constructed first. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE. 193 FORMULA No. 66. M R E W C A OPL M {0 P B 1 A - Kt, E, U) + P K 5 + P K B 5 + P K Kt 4 + P K R 3 + K K R 2 + P Q Kt 4 + P Q R 4 + Q Kt Q B 5. V X B. Q Kt P. D .-. Q R 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT ENCEINTE EN APPUI WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 150 (Black.) ^ 'mm m -■ •^I*"- -^^ 1 H, 4M H,.,e,„;^ ■mf'W^ ''W'W ■^^m^'^^^'-/ i ^, ^^^... ill ■ 1 IS (TFMe.) Maxim. — In all formations which include the en appui, it is necessary to prevent the opponent from creating by the exchange of pawns open files which cannot be controlled by the kindred rooks. It is equally important to maintain intact the P at K 5 and at Q 4 until the decisive moment. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This is the model front for Black to aim at when the objective plane is located on the King's wing. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 195 FORMULA No. 67. , MKOR O P C, P R M < (0PB4 A) + PKB 5, V X W. Kt K B 3. P .-. K 5 P W. Kt K B 3 X ••• K 4 Q Kt. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED, Fig. 151. {Black.) {White.) Maxim. — This position belongs to Black, and is the most powerful formation possible for him to attain with proper play on the part of White. Black can now proceed with P — K 5, or P — K Kt 4 (in which case he should first move K — R 1 ), or Kt — K Kt 5, or B — K Kt 5. After either of these moves Black may continue as best suits the resulting situation, having always in view the dislodging of the white Kt at K B 3 and the establishing of the O P B 1 A by P - K 5, followed by P - Q 4 and P — QB3 (after Kt — K4 or Kt — K2), if and when necessary. 196 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 68. MROE A +- OPR M -< (0PB4A-R, U) + KKRl+KIlKKtl + QRKBl +P K B 5 + P K Kt 5. V X W. Kt K B 3. D^ W. Kt K B 3 X .-. K B 6 P. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ALIGNED. Fig. 152. {Black.) i'--iil^aj m^. fm m ^2. m-///////!/. ''i^^0^//j i ill * -mm, ^ ^ 5^^^ {White.) Maxim. — After establishing the grand right oblique by P — KB6, Black should not neglect to support it by properly developing the K P and Q P along the strategetio centre. MAJOR RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 197 FORMULA No. 69. ,MROEP OPE M ^ (OPB4A-R,U) + PKB5 + PKKt4 + KKEl + KRKKtl + QEKB 1. V/ X W. Kt K B 3. D .-. K Kt 5 R MAJOE EIGHT OBLIQUE EEFUSED EN POTENCE. Fis. 153. (Black.) m\mM. "" ■^^'^. ^—.Jy^^y^/- ^ ^^^/A ^^^ (TFAtte.) Maxim. — It is usually well to defer the attempt to dislodge the white K Kt in this and similar situations until such time as nothing can prevent the quick development of the front from the M R E to the G E 0, by the advance of P — K 5 and P — Q 4. If, however, White's king's wing be- comes disintegrated, and the front refused is sufficient for forming the base of operations, then, of course, there is no hecessity for further developing it, and Black should manoeuvre to initiate a strategic line of operations. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. The objective plane being located on the Queen's wing, this front, properly constructed, gives the advan- tage in position as compared with any adverse front of operations. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 199 FORMULA No. 70. MLO OPL M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed) + P Q 5. ^ .'. en potence. D .-. Q Kt 5 Kt + Q B 4 P. Fig. 154. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. {Black.) (White.) Maxim. — It is a serious matter whenever the major front is adopted and there is inability to support it at once with the formation en potence. The opponent, in such a case, should violently attack the vertex pawn, and endeavor to destroy the front at once. In this position White, if he has the time, and if thfi black K is per- manently located on the Queen's .side, may properly form the appui and retire the Q Kt temporarily to Q R 2, in order to advance P — Q B 4. 200 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 71. M L O A OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed) +PQ5 + rQB5. V •'. Grand Left Oblique. D .-. Q B 6 P, or Q Kt 5 Kt, or Q Kt 5 B, or Q B 4 Kt. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED. Fig. 155. (Blach.) ^^^^.ii.^p m ^^..^fMi^..._^...:mm. W/o<^ wn.-.-AiM fm Wa ^ ^^% (White.) .. Maxim. — The idea is to establish a white pawn or a white piece at O B 6, without removing the white Q P from Q 5. This may be done in several ways, all of which are indicated in the line of development. ' MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 201 FORMULA No. 72. M L O P OPL ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed) + P Q 5. V •'• front aligned. D .-. Q B 5 P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE. Fig. 156. {Black.) i ^ ^»^P ■^^\^ ® im, % ^^^ fAi I3WM A pAl (TTVwYe.) Maxim. — In this and similar situations White wins by establishing the major front aligned. Whenever Black presents this alignment by playing P — B 4, White seldom should take the pawn en passant, but, instead, he should form the echelon supported en appui. 202 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 73. MLOK ' OPL M < (0 P B 2 A, reversed) + PQ5 + PKR3. V .'• en potence. D .-. QKt5Kt + QB4P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 157. (Black.) m ^8 '^m ■m MS III III i - Wpfl, 'y///////M'. /V///////A /^f^^^T*'/. i&^^'W'""""^ WM A ^ €S I Maxim. — White's object is to form the en potence at once and after- ward to establish the grand left oblique, while the minor crochet covers the right wing against the adverse major front echeloned. The Kt always is preferably developed at Kt 5 in these situations. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 203 FORMULA No. 74. MLO AK^ OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed) +PQ5 + PQB5 + PKE3. V .'. Grand Left Oblique. D Q B 6 P, or Q Kt 5 Kt, or Q Kt 5 B, or Q B 4 Kt. MAJOE LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fia. 158. {Black.) ^— ^ Jp A^r '■P^'-^ - 'BTr-- PI P1#B ^ ' W/////7M ■/>'////////: ^fTTrTTTT}?. Wa ^ €SI {White.) Maxim. — In this and similar situations a line of operations usually exists, whereby the command of the objective plane may readily be secured. Otherwise, the object of White always is to establish the B P or a piece upon the strategetic objective, without eliminating the white pawn at Q 5. 204 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 75. ,MLOPK OPL M -< (O P B 1 A, reversed) +PQ5 + PKE3. y .•. front aligned. D .-. Q B 5 P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fie. 159. {Black.) m mm. Wa ■ fijll ill i Wy &^i ^...,i-^„..^^5!^.^ mM', {^White.^) Maxim. — White must push his attack against the objective plane with all vigor, while Black must with like energy attack the logistic horizon. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 205 FORMULA No. 76. M L A W OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQE3. V .■■ Major Left Enceinte. D .'. Q R 2 K, Q Kt 4 P, Q Kt 1 R. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI. 160. {Black.) Sli i m mm. M 4&M,. 07/////M <^//M fa w% ^^ -^- pl| g i wy> W////M, m (White.) Maxim. — Never be guilty of the folly of advancing P — Q 6, unless on a line of operation. The proper manoeuvre is to advance P — K Kt 4, thus forming the major enceinte, which latter may be later resolved into the double alignment. 206 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 77. M L O D A W OPL "^ M (O P B 1 A, reversed -E, U)+PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt5 + KQR2 + QRQKtl + KRQBl. \l .-. open Q Kt file * X B. P Q B 3. D .-. Q B 6 OKtP. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUI. Fig. 161. (Black.) 11 i' 4m wwm""""\. 1 m. % « mm '^ ___ i fell - 111 i |Ai 1 ^B (Wh&e.) Maxim. — If Black plays B P X Q P, always retake with the Kt at B3. Never advance the Kt P to Kt 6, nor the P to Q 6. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 207 FORMULA No. 78. MLOP W OPL ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed) +PQ5 + PQR3, y .'. frout aligned. D .-. Q B 5 P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUL Fig. 162. (Black.) wm fm^^ ill i m iBM...^.3M..^mm MM^^ m 'm//M. 'M m mm. W/////m ■%'/////////. ■'~^J=^,'ii^77^/. , W'j w/zz/M. m (White.) Maxim. — Whenever the major front is established en potence, never hesitate to form the front aligned by advancing the B P to B 5 on the next move. All else being equal, the establishment of the front aligned constitutes a won game. 208 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 79. ,MLOH W^ OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -R, U) + PQ5 + PQR3 + PQKt4 + KQR2 + QRQKtl+KEQBl. y .'. open Q Kt file. D .-. Q B 5 Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI. Fig. 163. (Blaek.) 4m § m mm. m w^M ^ WM A ^p. A 'mm m. ^ i^^^i (TirM7e.) Maxim. — This situation usually results from Black's effort to prevent the alignment of White's major front. White must never fail to open the Kt file by exchanging the Kt P ; still he need not do this at once, but may properly await the opportune moment- MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 209 FORMULA No. 80. MLODA WK OPL M (O P B 1 A, reversed- B, R,U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt5 + PQE3 + KQK2 + QBKB2 + QRQKtl + KRQBl. V .-. Q Kt file. D .-. Q B 6 Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 164. (Black.) mAm.. *wJ^'wJ^^- ^— ^^^— »ir'r*^4^ 'Z>/////M 'i^///////A 't^T-^-" m ^^J ^ fMw^. ^ -mm, ^ |g| ^ {White.) Maxim. — White, of course, lias a won game, and to finish it off in an elegant manner is the particular object he has in view. The initial step always is to open the Kt file by Kt P X B P. 210 TEE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 81. MLOP WK OPL M < (0 P B 1 A, reversed -B,U)+PQ5 + PQR3 + PKE3 + QBKB2. V .". echelon. D Q E 2 K, Q Kt 1 QR, Q Kt 4 P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 165. {Black.) B m,. mm 9 m mmi m Ji A p| PI i m "„ ■„„4„ill 'mm 'm>^^. iSJ „„l^4 ^jmiite.) Maxim. — This position invariably necessitates the formation of the echelon. In such a case always post K at R 2, before advancing Kt P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 211 FORMULA No. 82. MLOHWK OPL ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed - B, E, U) + P Q 5 + P Q Kt 4 + P Q E 3 + PKE3 + QEQKtl + KEQBl + QBKB2. Sj .: open Q Kt file. D .-. Q B 5 Q Kt P. MAJOE LEPT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI WITH MINOE CEOCHET. Fig. 166. (Black.) m 111 H ^^^ ^^-^» 1, m.^.m illi miA..^.AMi ,H m s.i Maxim. — In this situation it is sometimes well to double the rooks on the Kt file before exchanging Kt P for the adverse B P, but more fre- quently this is immaterial. 212 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 83. MLO J +- OPR M < (O P B 2 A, reversed - Kt, R, U) + P Q 5 + P Q Kt 4 + K Kt K B 5. ^ .-. en potence -f crochet aligned. D .-. Q Kt 5 Kt, Q B 4 P, Q R 4 R MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 167. (Black.) iiii i 9 '^m SlJ ^m m ■■mm:!', . 'm 111 1 Maxim. — The sacrifice of the Kt for the Kt P must always be borne in mind by White in these situations. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 213 FORMULA No. 84. ,MLO A J^ T ^ -r^ ^ < OPR M (O P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, E, U)+PQ5 + PQB5 + PKKt4 + K Kt K B 5. / .•. crochet aligned X B. K Kt P. D .-. K R 4 P, K R 5 P, K R 6 P. MAJOR LEPT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Re. 168. (Black.) « '^■■mmF^'i^^i^' I i ■ i ^ fi A 4a ^^ ^^^ fcj^^,^^^ ^ r^F » 1"""" i e^iei Maxim. — Always remember that there is no quicker nor safer way of winning the game, than by the march of the R P to R 6 after the for- mation of the crochet aligned. 214 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 85. ■ M L O P J OPE ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed - Kt, R, U) + P Q 5 + P K Kt 4 + K Kt K B 5. y/Tcrochet aligned. D .-. K R 4 P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 169. (Black.) 'mm. m m.. m 'mm. ^ 'mm. t w£ k.m i ill M tiSj 'mm, A mm, r~. m, " Wf«"- I Mi. m..-:Tr...:mmA. (White.) Maxim. — The en potence is invaluable in these situations, as it pre- vents the disintegration of the strategic front by the adverse pawns. The front must always be relied on to cover the prime strategetic point when attacking by the crochet aligned. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 215 FORMULA No. 86. M L A W J OPR ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U)+PQ5 + PQB5 + PQR3 + P K Kt 4 + K Kt K B 5. V .'. crochet aligned. D .-. K R 4 K R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. ma. 170. (Black.) y.,.,,,,,,, ^'v/////v//J^^^^'7/ ^^'^ W%Mi W/. 'WM..,^JMMi ■mm, ^"miT"mmfTmm M.m. i ill W^^^l 'm. I 'm^.m^m ^^^ P^""a''^t-^T% ^'^^ W/Z/zM, '^//////A: *=^ 'mwA_^^^_ €^y_ m mm. (White.) Maxim. — White wins in this situation with ease. Black is on the defensive on both wings. This is one of the few situations in which White ever is justified in attacking on both flanks simultaneously. 216 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 87. MLOD A W J +- OPE M -< (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt5 + PQR3 + PKKt4 + KKtKB5 + KQE2. ^ .-. crocliet aligned. D .-. K R 4 K R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE DOUBLY ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 171. (Black.) 1 Ill 1.. isi ''' 1 WMm lSii«^^ifei#i-55'^.iS«di_. m 111 ^ -my/z/M, (White.) Maxim. — White's superiority in position is manifest, and he can win either on the right or on the left. The attack always, however, should he directed against the objective plane in preference to any other line of manoeuvre, but the first line of operations presented must always be accepted. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 217 FORMULA No. 88. MLOP W J OPE M < (O P B 1 A, reversed - Kt, R, U) + P Q 5 + P Q R 3 + P K Kt 4 + K Kt K B 5. V .'. crochet aligned. D .-. K R 4 K R P. MAJOR LEPT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 172. (Black.) ^p p m «^>,^^^^v^.^^ !■ i if mi M m^/i, m^m. ^-^ ^^S^^?^^^^^' ^^ mm-^r^m ^^^^ ^^^ 1 'mm/, ^€^1 (TF^i/e.) Maxim. — This is another winning position for White, the proper pro- cess being the formation of the crochet aligned. 218 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 89. MLOHWJ OPE M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U) + PQ5 + PQKt4 + PQE3 + P K Kt 4 + K Kt K B 5. ^ .•. crochet aligned. D .-. K E 4 K E P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI WITH MAJOE CEOCHET. Fig. 173. (Black.) % «^ I Si m. m .laii ^^^i il MMM. W/, 4^M {White.) Maxim. — This is a powerful formation, and all to White's advantage. It usually results from the eccentric manoeuvres of Black in the location of his prime strategetic point. White should, of course, at once attack with the crochet aligned. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 219 FORMULA No. 90. M L C A OPE ^ M (0 P B 2 A, reversed -Kt, R, U) + PQ5 + PKKt4^-PKR4• + K Kt K B 5. V X B. K Kt P. D K R 5 KRP, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fia. 174. (Blach.) m III 1 WS mm, ^^'^'^^ 1 ^^^ - 1^1 ^^ ^ 4^im (White.) Maxim. — In this situation, if Black menaces a strong attack by the left, it usually is well to reinforce the major front with the en potence for the purpose of covering the prime strategetic point, and preventing the disintegration of the strategic front. 220 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 91. M L O A C A OPR ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed. - Kt, E, U) + P Q 5 + P Q B 5 + P K Kt 4 + P K R 4 + K Kt K B 5. V/ X B. K Kt P. D .-. K R 5 K R P, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEPT OBLIQUE ALIGNED WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 175. {Black.) " "^rn. ■mm, mm 'f'-md"':f-m ^^' ffif ^^^^""^e v/z/fm^} m. ^M. [White.') Maxim. — This aligned front is not so desirable as the front en potence, unless the attack takes the direction of the left, for the purpose of acting against the logistic horizon on a line of operations. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 221 FORMULA No. 92. M L O P C A "*" OPR ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U) + PQ5 + PKKt4 + PKR4 + K Kt K B 5. V' X B. K Kt P. D ,-. K R 5 K R P, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEET OBLIQUE EN POTENCE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 176. {Black.) !>■ i ill i '■'W^mi.y, ^^^^S ^^1 ^--.,^». W/,^^. irffflfSii &»*! i i w/////^,. m m^'m. m §.WM {White.) Maxiim. — This is a model front when operating with the crochet aligned. Black is, and must remain, absolutely on the defensive, or attack at a great disadvantage. 222 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 93. , M L A W C A OPE ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, E, U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQR3 + P K Kt 4 + P K E 4 + K Kt K B 5. V X B. K Kt P. D .-. K E 5 KEP, K E 6 K E P. MAJOE LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH CEOCHET ALIGNED. Tig. 177. {Black.) 'mm m A. ^..../^^.^ m aiMiB Maxim. — The front aligned in these situations is not desirable unless Black has serious defects existing in his left flank. "Whenever the objective plane is not posted at its extremity, the strate- gic front is stronger en potence than in any other formation. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE. 223 FORMULA No. 94. MLOP WC A OPR M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U)+PQ5 + PQE3 + PKKt4 + P K R 4 + K Kt K B 5. V X B. K Kt P. D .-. K R 5 KRP, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 178. {Black.) % mm mXm. i m ■ IP I m. "^g^^*^-^*;. .'M'//////a,. m ^IbI ^^.,!/.^^p m. ( While.) Maxim. — The appui in these situations is not desirable, as it offers a chance of success to a proper attack by Black, should any opportunity arise for the sacrifice of a piece for the white R P and Kt P. 224 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 95. MLO H WC A OPR M (0 P B 1 A, reversed - Kt, R, U) + P Q 5 + P Q Kt 4 + P Q R 3 + PKKt4 + PKR4 + KQR2 + KKtKB5. V X B. P K Kt 2. D K R 5 KRP, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE ECHELONED EN APPUI WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fie. 179. (Black.) m ^^•. m m ^^Sl ^^m m .W/////M., m w/y/z/Zy, '^^//////A ^^^;^;7;.,„:;%%^m^ ;;«^j:j^ ■^'^^H^H FBI ^ ( White:) Maxim. — To permit the formation of this powerful front, Black must manoeuvre with great eccentricity. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This front, properly constructed, gives the advantage in position against a minor front of the same class ; but it is inferior to a front directed either by the right or by the left, or by the right refused. 226 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 96. ML OE ' P c, QPR, QPL^ M (C PB 1- B, R, U) + P Q B 5. . en potence. D .-.Q Kt 4 Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. White. Fig. 180. (Black.) d ^b , ^w - ^^^^^'^^ i.,. ^-^p..^^^^^ m 4m ,,, « 'fm> mm - ^ ( White.) Maxim. — This front is a desirable front for White to establish only when Black has adopted the major left oblique refused. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 227 MAJOK LEFT OBLIQUE EEEUSED. Black. Fig. 181. (Black.) im. wz/xv///. - '■:w/////Z', ^ w//Le/// K^,;^^...*,„sii ^^ ^^ ^p X m. Wa WM WM. 'WM ^^' ^p ^p ^p ^ '^^^/A -^^^A: ;^^^% (White.) 228 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS, FORMULA No. 97. MLOR A OP C, OPR, OPL^ M (C P B 1 - R, U) + P Q B 5 + P Q Kt 5. V .•. Major Left Enceinte Refused. D •. Q R 4 QRP. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED KKD ALIGNED. White. Fig. 182. {Black.) ,rfSJ, ^m,.. m 4m... Wi m. im. f f ^1 'mm. mm. s i^i y/mii''. i (TFMe.) MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 229 MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ALIGNED. Black. Tig. 183, {Black.) 7^ y///yy//M'. ifam .^. w///^^ ai mm mKM.. 'm^m^, w^^A ■i^^^/A ^^^A. (White.) Maxim. — This front is legitimate for both White and for Black, but its weakness consists in the fact that it has not the direction of the objec- tive plane, and does not permit of the crochet aligned. 230 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 98. MLORD A OPC, OPE, OPL M < (C P B 1 - R, U) + P Q B 5 + P Q Kt 5 + P Q R 5. y/ .-. open Q R file. D Q Kt 6 QKtP, or .-. Q R 6 Q R P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND DOUBLY ALIGNED. Fig. 184. White. {Black.) ^ ^^W ^^^^ ^^P ill i III 1 ^Si ^p 'mm(>. '^m^. w/m^A ^ m i ill m m^Mm a Pi 4, Wa ^ ^^ (TK^jVe.') MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 231 MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND DOUBLY ALIGNED. Fig. 185. Black. (Black.) 1S5 m. ISl",.^e 'mm. '' i m i »J i w^y ''^/////////.^ ^^^^^ iiil i fM., pi m w/z/z/w. Wz 'w/zM, WM, s s s ^ 4^^ZA ^ 'i^^Z^y ( TFAiVe.) Maxim. — This front, all else being equal, is certain to pierce the ad- verse left wing, and to ensure the queening of a kindred pawn. 232 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS, FORMULA No. 99. M'LOKP O P C, O P E, P L M < (C P B 1 - R, U) + P Q B 5 + P Q Kt 4. V .•. echelon. D .-. Q R 4 QRP. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED EN POTENCB. White. Fig. 186. {Black.) m WW y "r ia4 i sJI €fii m 4m ^ ^ ^ Wk (WUte.) MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 233 MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE EEFUSED EN POTENCE. Black. Fig. 187. (Black.) i* elJ fc »m .% 4Mi ^ ^^ WWA WM, '^^% ^ ^ 'my- ^^^^ '^^^y-^ ^^^^/A. (White.) Maxim. — This en potence to the major left oblique refused is a very necessary formation. It usually is develpped from the fianchetto. It prop- erly may be reinforced by the echelon, but the most powerful method is to convert it into the major left enceinte (0 P R). 234 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 100.. MLORH ore, OPE, OP L^ M (CPBl-R, U + PQB5 + PQKt4 + PQR4. y .•. Major Left Enceinte Refused. D .-. Q Kt P Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ECHELONED. White. Fig. 188. (Black.) c^^? ^^^^ ^^^^ m .feJ ^^^^, ei ( TFA?7e.) MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 235 MAJOR LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED AND ECHELONED. Black. mo,. 189. (Black.) m 4MS.^..mmA p » 1 iilii mM W', w////////.. ii km\ £#J 'mm p m mM,. Wa WM MMa wTTryrTZ/y. 'yy^y^/yO'. yyyTT^yT^/^'. m m^^/A 'Zv^w'A ^^^//'a (White.) Maxim. — This powerful formation ensures the superiority in position on the left. Its weakness lies in the exposure of the King's side to the attack of the right oblique. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. This front, properlj constructed, gives, all else being equal, a winning logistic line of operation against the logistic horizon. „^t MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. 23T FORMULA No. 101. + MLEK OPC, OPR, OPL M < (CPBl-R, U)+PQB5 + PQKt5 + PQR4. ^ .-. Major Left Oblique Refused and Doubly Aligned. D .-. Q R 5 QRP. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. White. Fig. 190. {Black.) y ///////// '^ m r^^i Vyk^M. yf^^T^/''...,, '^^^^^,^'^^,.'^/////M ■^^w/A i^^w^ ■^^w/A (White.) Maxim. — This formation is decisive of the advantage on the Queen's wing, and inaugurates the process which disintegrates the adverse right oblique. But the weakness of all these fronts directed hy the left refused is, that the prime strategetic point is located on the wing refused. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. 239 FORMULA No. 102. M L E W OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -R, U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt4 + PQR3 + K Q R 2 + Q R Q Kt 1 + K R Q B 1. Y ••• Major Left Oblique Doubly Aligned. D ;. Q Kt 5 Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE EN APPUI. Fig. 192. {Black.) '*-mm^'m ^ Y///////m 4m m. '^m!^'''mrVm m mMM "^^^^ r# ^ m feJ m Ill i ISI {White.) Maxim. — This powerful position is decisive of the advantage on the Queen's wing when attacking by the left oblique. 240 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 103, M L E W K OPL M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -R, U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt4-fPQK3 + PKR3 + QRQKtl + KRQBl + KQR2. \/ .-. Major Left Oblique Doubly Aligned. D Q Kt 5 Q Kt P. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 193. (Black.) m mm m" ^«"i Pi A fii Pi i w/y/z/m', „,„^J^;:*^ {White.) Maxim. — In this and similar situations "White will gain command of the objective plane before Black can profit by occupying the logistic hori- zon and uniting with his hypothetical force. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE REFUSED. 241 FORMULA No. 104. MLE W J +- OPIi M -< <0 P B 1 A, reversed - Kt, R, U) + P Q 5 + P Q B 5 + P Q Kt 4 + P Q K 3 + P K Kt 4 + Q H Q Kt 1 + K. Kt K B 5. ^ .'. crochet aligned. D .-. K R 4 K R P. MAJOR LEFT ENCEINTE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fio. 194. {Black.) ^ ^e^^^e^^^^e AM i t! m Sl^ mm ffif {White.') Maxim. — "White will win by the advance of Q K P to R 6 after the formation of the crochet aligned. 242 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMUJiA No. 105. M L E W C A "* OPR ^ M (0 P B 1 A, reversed -Kt, R, U) + PQ5 + PQB5 + PQKt4 + PQE,3 + PKKt4 + PQE4 + KQE,2 + KKtKB5. V X B. P K Kt 2. .-. K R 5 KRP, K R 6 K R P. MAJOR LEPT ENCEINTE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. JFiG. 195. {Black.) t W^M. T M "fm ^ ■ ^^^ flij m mm... % 151 Maxim. — Black is obliged to expose either the objective plane or the logistic horizon. Thus is created a strategetic weakness of which White can readily avail by lines of operation. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE. Properly constructed, this front constitutes a winning superiority in position in all situations in which the ob- jective plane is located on the centre or on the King's wing. 244 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 106. GRO OPE, M < Fig. 196. Major Eight Oblique + P K B 6. \J .-. P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GEAND EIGHT OBLIQUE. {Black.) m im ■mmr"""'m m fm 'mm p m 4m^/. J^^k^M 'WM, m. Worn '^Bl ^ J a ffii m _ 'mm i^i ^ t^i s ^ « fa ^ IWI (TFMe.) Maxim. — In this situation the object of White is to maintain a piece at K B 6 and to prevent the disintegration of his front. Consequently the K B P rarely should occupy K B 6, unless supported by a piece in addition to the K P. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE. 245 FORMULA No. 107. GEOK OPE M -< Major Eight Oblique + PKB6 + PQE3. v/ .-. O P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GEAJSTD EIGHT OBLIQUE WITH MINOE CEOCHET. Fig. 197. (Black.) KfOyy//////^ ^///////////. '^////^^yy/Z/j ;^^/^^^^^j^^^^^^ ^^^;^;^^. i 4M. i *^i©J „^^B mm. wm^. i__^M_j^^S {WhUe.) Maxim. — If the grand front is established, it will not he necessary to form the minor crochet. Otherwise, this precaution should not he ne- glected, whenever the opponent establishes the major left oblique refused and echeloned. 246 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 108. GEO J OPL M (Major Eight Oblique - E, Q, U) + P K B 6 + P Q Kt 4 + Kt Q B 5. V .-. O P. D_ If Strategic Line of Operation then .". Q E 4 Q E P. If Logistic Line of Operation then .•. K Kt 5 Kt. GEAND EIGHT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOE CEOCHET. ria. 198. {Black.) iii # f* #j^^. 11 '% .««. M mmm'. WW^/ WW W^W''' P w/MM^ 'mm/ "^m m ^ d (TFAife.) Maxim. — This front needs no comment. Black's situation manifestly is hopeless, as the objective plane is open to the attack of the entire White force. 248 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 110. GBOF W OPR M < (MajorRightOblique — R,U) + PKB6 + PKKt5 + PKR3 + KKR2. V .-. O P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUL Fig. 200. {Black.) ■mm,. m m, mm.. ■ ISI ^^ 'm 4M ,^ 'yy/////My. 2%^^^ <^_ ^ ^^^^ ^^^A {White.') Maxim. — This is one of the most powerful of the single fronts. The accumulation of the White force against the Black King obviously cannot be prevented. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE. 249 FORMULA No. 111. GROA WK OPR M (Major Eight Oblique -R,U) + PKB6 + PKKt6 + PKR3 + PQR3 + KKR2. Sj .-. P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND EIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 201. (Black.) .w/////mi. im ffii »4 m t^J ^ ^ €SI (TFAJ/f.) Maxim. — This situation, like all the grand fronts, is an easy winning position for White. The particular line of strategic operations, however, varies in all, according to the value of the objective plane. 250 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 112. GBOP W K OPE M < (Major Eight Oblique -E, U)+PKB6 + PKKt5 + PKE3 + PQE3 + KKE2. \J .: P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GEAND EIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MINOE CEOCHET. rio. 202 {Black.) ^■mmF^-mmF^'-m^,^^% m M„ iM, pl, i H i Ml fc '^ i pi ^ 7y//////m'.„,„ ,^„ ^/////M. c?77?7777f^. m^myM „^ ^^y^J'^\ m.kM^m 111 IWI {White.) Maxim. — Black has not time even to attempt to attack the White salient, which on this account is well secured, even without the protec- tion of the crochet. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE. 251 FORMULA No. 113. GEO AW J OPL M (Major Eight Oblique -E, Q, U)+PKB6+PKKt6 + PKR3 + PQKt4 + KKE2 + KtQB5. V .-. O P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GEAND EIGHT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CEOCHET. Fig. 203. {Blaeh.) im m 'z^/M/zZ^A i M m ■mwJ^' 'WW "^^'w/>i W^ ^/M^M W/.^^ wm/A. Ill m '^^. (White.) Maxim. — White may attack either by the right or by the left, accord- ing to whichever flank presents the most desirable line of operations. 252 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 114. GRO P W J OPL M < (Major Right Oblique -R, Q, U) + PKB6 + PKKt5 + PKR3 + P Q Kt 4 + Kt Q B 5. \J .: O P. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 204. (Black.) ■mmr"fm iim , i^M_ mi '" ■mm. -mm m^ M^ m. £j, m. CI ■mm 'WW 7\Wi^''''it^''B, m mm. mi ^-^ rf m ^ '^m fil {White.) Maxim. — The attack on the right is merely supplementary to the attack by the crochet aligned. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE. 253 FORMULA No. 115. GKOC A OPL M < (Major Right Oblique -R, Q, U)+PKB6 + PQKt4+PQR4 + Kt Q B 5. V^ X B. Q Kt P. D QR5 QRP + QR6 QRP. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 205. (Black.) i £j 151^ mm,. i MJ.H 111 • m 1 m^ mm. ^ Bl {White.) Maxim. — "White should remain passive on the right, and attack by the advance of the Q R P to Q R 6. 254 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 116. GROP WC A OPL M (Major Right Oblique -R, Q, U) + PKB6-l-PKKt5 + PQKt4 + PQR4 + KtQB5. V X B. Q Kt P. D If Strategic Line of Operation then .-. Q R 5 Q R P, Q R 6 Q R P. If Logistic Line of Operation then .*. K Kt 6 K Kt P. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fig. 206. {Black.) .W//////M'^ W/Z/Z/M'.. III % —•■ {White.) Maxim. — White should merely maintain his position of advantage on the right and attack by the crochet aligned, unless an immediate line of operations is presented, when it always must at once be accepted. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. Properly constructed, this front constitutes a winning superiority in position in all situations wherein the ob- jective plane is located on the Queen's wing. 256 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 117. GLO PL M < Fig. 207. Major Left Obliq ue + P Q B 6. y/ .•. Objective Plane. JD . Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. (Black.) Y/y. % %e„„«i„ m. ® m m, mm. mi (White.) Maxim. — What has been said in regard to the grand fronts by the right applies equally to the grand fronts by the left. Support the B P before occupying the point B 6, if that point is defended by adverse pieces. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. 257 FORMULA No. 118. GLO K OPL M ^ Major Left Oblique + PQB6 + PKR3. ^ .•. Objective Plane. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 208. (Black.) m mm ::: m .r'. M «wa s (White.) Maxim. — If the minor crochet is formed, so much the better; but it is superfluous after the occupation of the strategetic objective. 258 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 119. GLO J OPR M < (Major Left Oblique -E, U) + PQB6 + PKKt4 + KtKB5. V' X B. k~kTp. D •.• K R 4 K R P. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fig. 209. ^ {Black.) m mm,^.:mm. i 4M. m 'mm,x^,jmm.^ i wMM Ill i I 151 ^ (White.) Maxim. — Form the crochet aligned and attack with the K R P. Never he deterred from this process unless you can accurately calculate the checkmate of the adverse K, or the decisive gain of material. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. 259 FORMULA No. 120. GLO A W OPL M < (Major Left Oblique — R, U) + PQB6 + PQKt6 + PQR3 + KRQBl + QRQKtl + KQR2. V .•. Objective Plane. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPXH. Fig. 210. {Black.) m^^ mm m M 'mm .W/////M'. m ,mm. 4a ^ wm%. ^ W////M. W///////A I m ^ €SI (White.) Maxim. — Exchange the pawns and open the adverse K to the attack of the White pieces, or hold the position and concentrate upon the objec- tive plane. 260 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 121. GLOFW OPL M < (Major Left Oblique -R, U)+PQB6 + PQKt5 + PQR3 + KRQBl + QRQKtl + KQR2. V .•. Objective Plane. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI. Fig. 211. (Black.) J^iSl {White.) Maxim. — This is one of the finest formations known in grand tactics. Black is helpless. This position should be White's model in all lines of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the left. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. 261 FORMULA No. 122. GLQP W K OPL M < (Major Left Oblique -R, U) + PQB6 + PQKt5 + PQR3 + PKIl3 + KRQBl + QRQKtl + KQR2. V Objective Plane. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEPT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 212. {Black.) VA y/. m„^ ,^ ■mm. ,^ m, mm, ^ #S^ „^» ISi ^ ''m/z/A, ^^^, mmm i 111 i (White.) Maxim. — The crochet is well to have, but is not indispensable in this situation. All grand fronts which are directed by the right or by the left consti- tute a winning superiority in position, all else being equal. 262 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 123. GL O A W K OPL M < (Major Left Oblique -R,U) + PQB6 + PQKt6 + PQE3 + PKR3 + KRQBl + QRQKtl + KQR2. V .•. Objective Plane. D Strategic Line of Operation. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MINOR CROCHET. Fig. 213. {Black.) f w. mm. m, m mm. m mmy. y/M^I'''''''''''vMm''''T'"w/^^^^^^^ {White:) Maxim. — Black can do nothing on the right. Long before he can avail of his occupation of the logistic horizon, the objective plane will be com- manded by White. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. 263 FORMULA No. 124. GLOP W J OPR M -< (Major Left Oblique -R, U)+PQB6 + PQKt5 + PQR3 + PKKt4 + KtKB5 + KQR2. V/ X B. K Kt P. D .-. K R 4 K R P. GRAND LEET OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Fia. 214. (Black.) m .™,. ill 1 , m WM^, ^ WM^/.. m (White.) Maxim. — Attack with the crochet aligned P — K R 4 is the move. 264 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 125. GLO A W J OPL M < (Major Left Oblique -R, U) + PQB6 + PQKt6 + PQE3 + PKKt4 + QEQKtl + KQR2. V .*. Objective Plane. D If Strategic Line of Operation then .-. K R 4 K R P . If Logistic Line of Operation then .■. Q B 1 K R. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE ALIGNED EN APPUI WITH MAJOR CROCHET. Pig. 215. {Black.) ^F m la ■/////////y//. y/A ^B m, ^^A 4M i .W/////7M, m. ^Sl '■'Wim^'/, m Bill m 'mm... P i^ 4Ma (Wliite.) Maxim. — Attack by the left, if a line of operations exists ; otherwise, form the crochet aligned. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE. 265 FORMULA No. 126. GLOC A OPR M < (Major Left Oblique -R, U)+PQB6 + PKKt4 + PKE4 + QRQBl + KQKtl. V/ X B. K Kt P. D ,-. K R 5 KRP, K R 6 K R P . GRAND LEPT OBLIQUE WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fia. 216. {Black.) 1 m ^^^^^ 4m 1 "„,^S Si mm. m mm. ^ , ij m m^m {White.) Ma^im. — Attack by the advance of the R P to R 6. 266 TEE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 127. GLOF W C A OPR M < (Major Left Oblique -R, U)+PQB6-f-PQKt5 + PQR3 + PKKt4 + PKR4 + QRQKtl-l-KQR2. V^ X B. K Kt P. D K R P KR5, K R P K R 6. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE EN POTENCE EN APPUI WITH CROCHET ALIGNED. Fio. 217. {Black.) m,S-.mM ■mm ■mm^'-mJ^^' ill — " — w'""- ^ 'W/mm <'7///////,y. ^^^ " mm> A 'mm ;^ m ■'Am *'•■»■*- W////M, 'y////////A *=S=-=^ %779l777f/'. Maxim. — Attack by the advance of the R P to R 6. GRAND RIGHT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This front, properly constructed, establishes Black with the superiority in position. 268 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 128. GROR OPE M < (Major Eight Oblique Eefused — E, K, U) + P K Kt 6 + K E K Kt 1 + QEKB 1 + KKEl. V .-. G E A. K 5 K P, K B 6 K B P. GRAND EIGHT OBLIQUE EEFUSED. Black. Fig. 218. (Blach.) I! i%!#rf""Wi' ^^^,...... ^//////y/y- ""^^ ■^/////////, mi^m, y/w/M WW^ WM> W ^ PI m 4 m^A m wmA mm. ZM ^^w/A (White.) Maxim. — This is the best front that Black can hope for, and better than he ever can get if White plays properly. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. This front, properly constructed, establishes a win- ning superiority in position as against the logistic horizon ; but it is inferior to either the grand right or the grand left obliques. 2T0 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 129. GLOE OPE,OPC,OPL M < (Major Left Oblique Eefused — E, U) + P Q Kt 6 V ■•• G L E A. D Q E 4 QEP, Q E 5 Q E P, Q E 6 Q E P. GEAND LEFT OBLIQUE EEFUSED. White. Tig. 219. {Black.) Oy//////yy/. ISI ^. fa^lWI {White.) Maxim. — Black should attack by the major right oblique, and en- deavor to obtain command of the objective plane while White is laboriously moving against the logistic horizon. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 271 GRAND LEET OBLIQUE REEUSED. Black. Fig. 220. (Black.) ""''-mw/A _ , ^'''mM:m"7'^''m m wm. .y km m -i- m mm, WM. WM/, ^ ^ ^ ^^y^ ^gi ^^^^ m ^^1 ^^^ ^^(f %^ T/y^P^/Z: i%?^^%^ m^^M. (White.) Maxim. — This front is not desirable, as a rule, unless it can be aligned without difficulty. Consequently it is far better to echelon the major front and proceed by the major left enceinte refused. 272 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. FORMULA No. 130. GLORP OPE, OFC, OPL M < (Major Left ObUque Refused - R, U) + P Q Kt 6 + P Q R 5. V/ .-. G L O R A. D ,-. Q R 6 QRP. GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED EN POTENCE. White. Fig. 221. {Black.) %. mm. Of^p^^f^. "M^TTT^^, «=SS=. '^■////y/Z', W/////yM. V////////// (White.) GRAND LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED. 273 GRAIJD LEFT OBLIQUE REFUSED EN POTENCE. Black. Fig. 222. (.Black.) %*,„»1 mm. ^ i^^^% ^^^/A i^^y (TFAi^ rnm^^. . mm^ p i ^ iili ^*^— .^1 Wa 'mim <^m^A ^^^^ ^^^^ # i^^l i^l i^P ^^^ ^/^y^/M. ^^T/Z/Vy '>y/^y^/M (White.) Maxim. — This front is much more faA'orable to Black than to White. It is defective inasmuch as while it is bound to penetrate to the logistic horizon, this event does not of itself win the game. LESSER LOGISTICS. Lesser Logistics treats of those movements of forces which are contained in lines of Mobilization and in lines of Development. LESSER LOGISTICS. PKINCIPLE. . I. In the construction of a minor oblique, so deploy that each pawn and each piece may reach its proper post in one move, whether the resultant strategic front takes direction either to the right or to the left. II. In the construction of a major oblique, so deploy that each pawn and each piece may reach its proper post in one move, whether the resultant strategic front takes direction either to the right or to the left, except: In the major right oblique, the K P, K B P, and Q Kt may each be moved twice, and in the major left oblique the Q P, Q B P, and K Kt may be moved twice. III. In the construction of a grand oblique, so deploy that each pawn and each piece may reach its proper post, in one move, whether the resultant strategic front takes direction either to the right or to the left, except : In the grand right oblique the K P and Q Kt may each be moved twice, and the K B P may be moved three times ; and in the grand left oblique the Q P and K Kt may each be moved twice, and the K B P may be moved three times. LOGISTICS OF THE QRP. PRINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, and in all single strategic fronts directed by the right, the QRP, if deployed, should be posted at Q R 3. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, and in all double strategic fronts directed by the right, the Q R P, if deployed, should be posted at Q R 4. III. The QRP should never be deployed in any strategic front directed by the right refused. The Q R P is the guardian of the extreme Queen's wing. Its duty is to prevent an adverse piece from occupying Q Kt 3, and especially to prevent the adverse QRP from occupying the point Q R 1. But it is not responsible for the preservation of both these points against a simultaneous attack of the hostile QRP and another adverse piece, and to suffer the Q R P to be thus assailed, is, all else being equal, a serious error. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, and in which the objective plane is located on the centre or the King's wing, the duties of the QRP are absolutely con- fined to the defence of the Q R file, or the points Q Kt 3 and Q Kt 4. For the fulfilment of this duty it is best posted at Q R 2 or at Q R 3, and its removal from these points is an error, entailing loss of time by the wasting of moves which properly should be devoted to develop- ing the main line of offence and of defence. LOGISTICS OF THE QRP. 281 The only case in which the functions of the Q R P be- come offensive is when a tactical defect exists in the adverse position, whereby the advance of the QRP ensures the gain of adverse material. In all such cases, all else being equal, the neglect to at once assume the offensive with the Q R P is an error. In all strategic fronts of operations directed by the right, and in which the objective plane is located on the Queen's wing, the functions of the QRP are defen- sive, only when it is needed to support the occupation of the point Q Kt 3 by a Kt eyi route to Q B 5 ; in which case the QRP remains at Q R 2, so that in case an adverse piece captures the Kt in transitu at Q Kt 3, the- QRP, by retaking, may strengthen the strategic front, and also open the Q R file for the attack by the R's against the objective plane. In all other cases the best post for the QRP is at Q R 5, where it covers the Kt posted at the logistic ob- jective from the attack of the adverse Q Kt P, as, if the latter is advanced, the Q R P at once exchanges, thus opening the Q R file for the action of the R's. ^ In all fronts of operations . not refused and directed by the left, the objective plane being located on the centre or on the King's wing, the functions of the QRP are absolutely defensive, and its movements are limited to forming the en appui. In all minor strategic fronts of operation refused and directed by the left, the objective plane being located either upon the centre, the King's wing, or the Queen's wing, the functions of the QRP are absolutely defen- sive, and it should not be removed from Q R 2, and such removal is an error. In all major fronts of operations refused and directed by the left, the objective plane being located either upon 282 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. the centre, the King's wing, or the Queen's wing, the functions of the Q R P are absolutely offensive, and it early should be posted at Q R 4. In all strategic fronts of whatever nature, when the opponent has made a tactical error, by reason of which any manoeuvre of the Q R P ensures a gain in material, such manoeuvre, all else being equal, is true, and must always, and at once be made, and any neglect to make such manoeuvre is an error. Whenever the opponent has established a major front of operations by the left, and is moving on a compound line of manoeuvre en echelon or doubly aligned, then, and in this case only, the Q R P should be advanced to Q R 3, and placed en crochet in the minor, major, or grand strategic front directed by the right, for the purpose of covering the logistic horizon. LOGISTICS OF THE QKtP. PRINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, and in all double strategic fronts directed by the right, and in all major and grand strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the Q Kt P, if deployed, should be posted at QKt4. II. The Q Kt P never should be deployed in any single strategic front directed by the right, or by the right refused, or in any minor strategic front directed by the left. III. In a minor strategic front directed by the left refused, the Q Kt P always should be deployed at Q Kt 3. The QKtP is the prime component part of the Queen's wing. Its duty is to support or to cover the Q B P, and to co-operate at all times with the latter for maintaining the integrity of the strategic front. Its special duty is to prevent the adverse Q Kt P from occu- pying the point Q Kt 1, to prevent the adverse Q B P from attacking the Q P in the major and grand right obliques, and to sustain the Q B P in all single fronts of operation directed by the right, or by the left, or by the left refused. Incidentally, it devolves upon the Q Kt P to support the point Q R 3. But while its duties are manifold, it is responsible for the execution of only one at a time, and 284 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. to allow the points which it guards to be attacked simul- taneously by two or more adverse pieces, is, all else being equal, an error. In all strategic fronts directed by the, right, the func- tions of the Q Kt P are absolutely defensive. It is best posted at Q Kt 2, and its removal from that post, unless the objective plane is located on the Queen's wing, is an error entailing loss of time by the wasting of a move which properly should be devoted to developing the main line of offensive or defensive operations, and by seri- ously, and frequently fatally, weakening the defensive resources of the general position by creating a defect in the strategic front, by thus uncovering the point QB3. But in all cases wherein the objective plane is located on the Queen's wing, the proper post for the Q Kt P is the point Q Kt 4. Prom thence it protects the Q P from the attack of the adverse Q B P, and is in a situation to retake any adverse piece which may capture the Kt oc- cupying Q B 5. There it establishes an impregnable strategic front, and opens the Q Kt file for the action of the rooks against the objective plane. In all minor strategic fronts refused and directed by the left, the functions of the Q Kt P are absolutely de- fensive, and it should be posted at Q Kt 3, in support of the Q B P. In all baajor strategic fronts refused and directed by the left, whatever the location of the objective plane, the proper post for the Q Kt P is Q Kt 4, in support of the QBP. In all major strategic fronts not refused and directed by the left, with the objective plane located on the centre or on the King's wing, the proper post for the Q Kt P is Q Kt 4, in support of the Q'B P. LOGISTICS OF THE QKtP. 285 In all major strategic fronts not refused and directed by the left, the movements of the Q Kt P are limited to the formation of the en echelon. Errors in tactics by the opponent in any strategic front, whereby the opportunity to gain material is pre- sented, must be availed of by the Q Kt P. But all such opportunities must be cautiously and thoroughly investi- gated, as the sacrifice of a pawn, and often of a pie.ce, is fully compensated for by the elimination of the support of the Q Kt P from the strategic front. LOGISTICS OF THE QBP. ' PEINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the QBP always should be deployed at Q B 3. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left and by the left refused, the QBP always should be deployed at QB4. III. The QBP never should be deployed in any stra- tegic front directed by the right refused. The Q B P is the corner-stone in all strategic fronts not refused which are directed by the right, whatever may be the location of the objective plane, and for purely defensive purposes it is the most important factor in the strategic front. The duty of the Q B P is to support the Q P after the establishment of the latter at the point Q 4 ; to cover the point Q Kt4 from occupation by the hostile Q Kt or K B, and in all situations wherein the objective plane is located on the Queen's wing, to support the Q Kt P after the latter has been advanced to its fourth point. Inci- dentally it is the province of the Q B P to co-operate with the Q Kt P to cover the left wing of the general position, to prevent the adverse Q or K B from penetrat- ing the centre via the King's major diagonal, and to pre- vent the adverse Q Kt from acting via Q 4 or Q Kt 4, upon the point Q B 2, at which point there originally LOGISTICS OF TEE Q B P. 287 exists a tactical defect arising from the relative situation of the K and QR in the normal position. In all strategic fronts not refused and directed by the right, the objective plane being located either on the centre, on the King's wing, or on the Queen's wing, the proper post for the Q B P is Q B 3. In all strategic fronts refused and directed by the right, the proper post for the Q B P is Q B 2, and it should not be removed from this post antil such time as the Q P has either been advanced to Q 4 or exchanged. In all minor strategic fronts directed by the left or by the left refused, the Q B P should be posted at Q B 4. In all major and grand strategic fronts refused and directed by the left, the proper post for the Q B P is QB5. Errors by which the opponent exposes himself to the loss of material must, all else being equal, at once be availed of by the Q B P. But these opportunities must be regarded with the greatest circumspection, as the sac- rifice of a pawn, and even of a piece, is frequently justi- fiable for the purpose of eliminating the support of the Q B P from the strategic front. LOGISTICS OF THE QP. PRINCIPLE. I. The Q P always should be deployed at Q 4 in all strategic fronts directed by the right, or by the left, or by the left refused. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the right re- fused, the Q P always should be deployed at Q 3, The Q P is the centre of all strategic fronts not re- fused which are directed by the right. In all such positions the Q P always should be posted at and be maintained at Q 4. Failure to do this is an error, and to advance the Q P from this post, except on a line of operations, or in a change of front from the right oblique to the major or grand left oblique, is usually a fatal error, which should lose the game with correct play on the part of the opponent. This likewise applies to all fronts of operations which are refused and directed by the left. All else being equal, the Q P may usually be ex- changed without detriment, provided it can be replaced by a Kt, and any opportunity to gain material presented to it through tactical errors by the opponent may, under like conditions, be availed of without fear. In all strategic fronts refused and directed by the right, the proper post for the Q P is the point Q 3. In all strategic fronts not refused and directed by the left, the proper post for the Q P is Q 5. The neglect to so post the Q P is an error, and its removal from this LOGISTICS OF THE QP. 289 post is frequently a fatal error, which, with correct play on the part of the opponent, should lose the game. Tn all mobilizations wherein the strategic front is to be directed by the left, the preservation of the Q P is of the highest importance. LOGISTICS OF THE KP. PRINCIPLE. I. The K P always should be deployed at K 4 in all strategic fronts directed by the right, or by the left, or by the right refused. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the K P should be deployed at K 3. The logistics of the K P are identical to the logis- tics of the Q P, as this pawn holds the same relations to the fronts directed by the right as the Q P does to those fronts directed by the left, and to those fronts directed by the left as the Q P does to those fronts directed by the right. LOGISTICS OF THE KB P. PEINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, or by the right refused, the K B P, if deployed, should be posted at K B 4. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, the K B P always should be deployed at K B 3. III. The K B P never should be deployed in any front directed by the left refused. The K B P is the complement of the Q B P, and the logistics of one are identical to those of the other. But the K B P is especially sensitive to strategic con- ditions, inasmuch as it is a chief factor for the defence of the prime strategic point, whether on the centre or castled K R. Consequently, by its advance, either by one or by two points, the strategic radii are frequently exposed to the attack of the adverse Q or K B with detrimental effect. This circumstance peculiarly affects the defensive power of the K B P, particularly when the kindred King is located on the centre, and consequently one or more pawns, or even pieces, may properly be sacrificed to eliminate the protection which the K B P affords to the strategic objective in the normal position of the objective plane. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the K B P should be posted at the point K B 4 as soon as possible after the K has castled K R. LOGISTICS OF THE KKtP. PRINCn'LE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, and in all double strategic fronts directed by the left, and in all major and grand strategic fronts directed by the right refused, the K Kt P, if deployed, should be posted at KKt4. II. The K Kt P never should be deployed in any strategic front directed by the left refused, nor in any. minor strategic front directed by the right refused. The logistics of the K Kt P are identical to the logis- tics of the Q Kt P, and the considerations which govern the Q Kt P apply equally to the K Kt P. LOGISTICS OF THE KRR PRINCIPLE. I. Ill all strategic fronts directed by the right, and in all single strategic fronts directed by the left, the K R P, if deployed, should be posted at K R 3. II. In all double strategic fronts directed by the left, the K R P, if deployed, should be posted at K R 4. III. The K R P never should be deployed in any refused front. The logistics of the K R P are identical with the logis- tics of the Q R P, and the considerations which govern the latter apply equally to the K R P. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE KKt. PRmCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused or by the left refused, the white K Kt always should be deployed at K B 3. II. In all strategic fronts directed either by the right or by the left, in which the supporting parallel is com- pleted, the white K Kt should be deployed at K 2 ; and in all strategic fronts directed by the right or by the left, in which the supporting parallel is incompleted, the white K Kt should be deployed at K B 3. The white K Kt is best posted at K 2 previous to the advance of the K B P to its fourth in all strategic fronts directed by the left wherein Black has adopted the close defence, z.e. has made any other move than IP — K4 in reply to White's initial deployment of the K P two squares. But in all cases wherein Black answers 1 P — K 4 by 1 P - K 4, the best post for the K Kt is at K B 3, and the response of 2 K Kt — B 3 is White's best second move. The chief functions of the white K Kt when deployed at K B 3 are, to support the advance of the Q P to its fourth, to menace the black K P at K 4, to sustain the points K Kt 5 and K R 4 wliich are menaced by the hostile Q, and to cover the point K B 2 from any attack by the adverse Q or R's along the K B vertical. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE K Kt. 295 Furthermore, Black is thus compelled ou his second move, either directly or indirectly, to protect his P at K 4, and should he commit an error either in strategy or tactics, in so doing the white K Kt is finely posted for quick and vigorous co-operation in a possible strategic or tactical line of operations, by occupying at once either the points K 6, K Kt 5, or K R 4. Should the strategic front take the form of the major right oblique minus Q P, the proper post for the K Kt is Q 4. Should it take the form of the major left oblique, the K Kt should retire to Q 2 — never to K 1 — in order to permit the advance of K B P to K B 3. In the minor right oblique the proper post for the K Kt is at K 5, provided the kindred K P has been ex- changed ; but so easy is it for Black to render this point untenable to the white K Kt, that such occupation is sel- dom justifiable previous to the commission of a strategic error by Black. Whenever White opens with the close game, the white K Kt should always, and at once, be deployed at K B 3 to cover the P at K B 2. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK KKt. PRINCIPLE. The black K Kt always should be deployed at K B 3. The black K Kt never should be deployed at any other point than K B 3. If, however, through an error of the opponent. Black has been enabled to establish the major right or the minor left oblique, then, and in this case only, the black Kt may be deployed at K 2. For the special province of the black K Kt is to pre- vent the white Q from occupying the points K Kt 4 and K B 5, and to cover the point K B 2 against any attack via the KB vertical. This point KB 3 never can safely be denuded of the presence of a Kt so long as the prime strategetic point is located on the centre or the King's side, and Black has not established a major front of operations by the right. Consequently it is evident that it is a serious strategic error for Black to exchange his K Kt, or to interrupt in any way its line of communication with the point K B 3, until he has first established his game as fully equal to White's, and has initiated an offensive line of develop- ment by the right, so long as his K remains on the centre or has castled K R. Whenever White has adopted a close opening, or Black a close defence, the black K Kt always should be deployed at K B 3. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE QKt. PKmCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused or by the left refused, the white Q Kt always should be deployed at Q B 3. II. In all strategic fronts in which the kindred K Kt is deployed at K 2, the white Q Kt always should be deployed at Q 2. In all the strategic fronts directed by the right, in which the Q P is located at Q 4, the white Q Kt should be deployed at Q 2. But in all such fronts in which the Q P is absent, the Q Kt is best deployed at Q B 3. Should the strategic front take the direction by the left, the Q Kt always should be deployed at Q B 3 ; but such deployment usually should not take place previous to the advance of the Q B P to its fourth, if the Q P is on the board. Consequently it is obvious that the deployment of the Q Kt, while extremely simple, nevertheless requires accurate timing, and that it should be delayed until the permanent location of the objective plane is determined, and until such time as the Kt can be brought in one move to his proper post. Whenever the opponent has adopted the close de- fence to the open game, by replying to 1 P — K 4 by any other move than 1 P — K 4, and especially if BJack has weakened his centre or Queen's wing by one 298 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. or more strategic errors, the Q Kt should be quickly deployed at Q B 3 to co-operate with kindred pieces in preventing Black from eliminating such defects from his strategic front. Thus, if Black plays 1 P — Q 4, or 1 P — K 3, or 1 P - Q B 4, the Q Kt should be deployed at Q B 3 ; but if Black plays 1 P - Q Kt 3, or 1 P- K B 3, or 1 P - K Kt 3, or 1 K Kt - B 3, or 1 Q Kt - B 3, or 1 P — Q 3, the Q Kt should be deployed at Q 2, unless the white strategic front takes the direction of the left, in which case the white Q Kt is best deployed at Q B 3 after the advance of P to Q B 4. Whenever White opens with the close game, the white Q Kt always should be deployed at Q B 3, but never before the Q B P has been first deployed to its fourth square. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK Q Kt. PRINCIPLE. The black Q Kt always should be deployed at Q B 3. The black Q Kt always should be deployed at Q B 3, whether in the open or in the close game, but in the latter it never should be deployed previous to the ad- vance of the Q B P to its fourth. In case, however, the opponent has made such errors as permit Black to establish the minor or major right oblique, then, and in that case only, the black Q Kt may be deployed at Q 2. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE KB. PKmCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the white K B is best deployed at Q B 4 if the objective plane is permanently located on the centre, otherwise it is best deployed at Q 3. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the white K B always should be deployed at K 2. III. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, the white K B always should be deployed at Q 3. The K B is the chief bishop in all lines of mobiliza- tion which are directed by the right, and it is hardly less valuable than the Q B in all lines of mobilization which are directed by the left. It is a strong piece in every situation, and should not, without due regard, be ex- changed for a Kt, the adverse Q B, or even for R. The points at which the K B is properly to be deployed in the open game are Q 3, Q B 4, or Q Kt 5. Whenever Black has made one or more strategic errors, and has exposed the objective plane to decisive attack by a simple strategic line of operations, then the proper post for the K B is at Q B 4, where he co-operates to the best advantage with the Q at K R 5, and the Kt at K 5, K Kt 5, or K R 4, in the attack of the objective plane. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE KB. 301 But in all positions wherein Black has made no error, the correct post for the KB is at Q 3 ; "and this is its proper post whatever the location of the prime strategic point, or whatever the location of the objective plane. Whenever the objective plane is situated on the centre, and a tactical defect exists in the black position, the white K B can frequently, with much effect, be posted at QKt5. But in all cases whenever the white K B is forced to retire from either Q Kt 5 or Q B 4, he should always re- tire to Q 3, unless, on account of a strategic or a tactical error by Black, the command of the black K Kt major diagonal is an essential factor of the line of action. In the close game the best post for the white K B is always at K 2, as it is his specific duty to defend the K Kt posted at K B 3 against the attack of the hostile Q B posted at Q Kt 2, and its functions are primarily defensive. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK KB. PEINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused, the black K B always should be deployed at Q B 4. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the black K B always should be deployed at K 2. The black K B is one of the most important factors in the early operations of Black, and always should be posted as soon as possible at the point Q B 4, and never should be deployed otherwise in all those strategic fronts which result from 1 P — K 4 on the part of Black. The black K B never should be posted at K 2 or Q 3 in the open game, and as a rule it should be deployed at Q B 4 as soon as may be after the occupation of the point K B 3 by the black K Kt, and even before that, if opportunity serves. The correct point of retreat for the black K B in the open game is the point Q Kt 3, and it is a serious disad- vantage to be compelled to retire this piece to K 2. In the close game the functions of the black K B, like those of the white K B, are defensive in character, and it is best posted at the point K 2 in support of the Kt posted at K B 3. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE Q B. PEINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right or by the left, the white Q B always should be deployed at K 3. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the white Q B always should be deployed at Q Kt 2, In all the openings which result from 1 P — K 4 by White, the proper deployment of the white Q B is of high importance. The functions of this piece are entirely defensive, and its only correct post is at K 3 ; and this is true of the Q B in all strategic fronts of the -open game, whether directed by the right or by the left. In case the oppon- ent commits errors in strategy or in tactics, the white Q B may be deployed with much effect at K Kt 5 ; and if Black replies to 1 P - K 4 by 1 P - Q B 4, the Q B may ' often be deployed at K B 4 with much effect, especially if by this process the adverse K P can be compelled to advance to its fourth point, thus leaving the adverse Q P at Q 3, which point has been already converted into an uncovered point by the unscientific advance of the black Q B P, and is thus by the forced advance of the K P converted into a strategic defect which, by cor- rect play on the part of White, should properly cost Black the game. Whenever the Q B is compelled to retreat from the points K B 4 or K Kt 5, his only correct point of retreat 304 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. is K 3, unless by reason of other strategic or tactical errors by Black he is most properly manoeuvred on the black Queen's major diagonal, in which case he may re- tire to KR4. In the close game the white Q B is correctly posted only at Q Kt 2. His functions are in all such cases pri- marily offensive. He should be deployed at this point as early as possible, and the student is warned against the fallacious deployment of the white Q B at either K B 4 or at K Kt 5 in the close opening, except when such deployment is dictated by the principles of greater logistics. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK Q B. PRINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused, the black Q B always should be deployed at K 3. IL In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the black Q B always should be deployed at Q Kt 2. The functions of the black Q B in the close game, like those of the white Q B, are primarily offensive. This piece is usually best deployed at Q Kt 2, and always so if both Q P and Q B P be not exchanged. But in all cases wherein the Q P and the Q B P are early ex- changed, the black Q B is best deployed at Q 2, and thence to K 1. Later, if the black strategic front takes the form of the minor left oblique, the best post for the black Q B is the point K B 2. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE K E. PEINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the white K R should be deployed at K B 1. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left or by the left refused, the white K R should be deployed at Ql. In all strategic fronts of operation which are directed by the right, the proper post for the K R is the point K B 1. But in case the prime strategetic point is perma- nently located on the centi"e or Queen's wing, the best post for the K R is either K Kt 1 or K R 1, In all cases in which both K P and Q P have been exchanged, the proper post for the K R is the point K 1. In the close game the best post for the K R is the point Q 1. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK K R. PRINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused, the black K R should be deployed at K B 1. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the black K R should be deployed at Q 1. In all defensive situations in the open game, the cor- rect post for the black K R is the point K B 1, as it thus defends the K B P, and supports the advance of the latter to its fourth square, should the opportunity to do so occur. In the close game the only proper post for the black K R is the point Q 1. Whenever the offensive has been assumed by Black, the K R may be properly manoeuvred on the lines laid down for the manoeuvring of the white King's rook> LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE Q R. PKINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the white Q E, should be deployed at K 1. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left or by the left refused, the white Q R should be deployed at QBl. In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the proper point at which to deploy the Q R is the point K 1. But if the Q P has been exchanged, or both K P and Q P have been exchanged, the proper point at which to deploy the Q R is the point Q 1. In all strategic fronts which are directed by the left, the only correct post at which to deploy the Q R is the point QBl. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK Q R. PKTNCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused, the black Q R should be deployed at K 1. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left refused, the black Q R should be deployed at Q B 1. In ail strategic fronts of operations directed toward the right, the only correct post for the Q R is the point K 1, and in all strategic fronts which are directed by the left, the only correct post for the black Q R is tlie point QBl. In all cases, however, in which Black has been able to assume the offensive, the black Q R may be deployed in the same manner as the white Q R. LOGISTICS OF THE WHITE Q. PRINCIPLE. I. In all strategic fronts directed bj the right and by the left refused, the white Q is best deployed at Q 2. II. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, the white Q is best deployed at K 2. In all strategic fronts of operations which are directed by the right, the Q is best deployed on the point Q 2. She may also be deployed at Q B 2, but such deployment is only justified by a strategic or a tactical error of the opponent. In all strategic fronts directed by the left, the Q is best deployed at K 2 ; and, in fact, in these situations she may not properly be deployed at any other point. - Whenever the opponent has committed one or more strategic or tactical errors in the early opening, and es- pecially if the objective plane be located either on the centre or on the King's side, the Q may frequently, and with much effect, be deployed at K B 3, at K R 5, or at QR4. It is extremely rare that the Q can be deployed at either Q Kt 3, or at K Kt 4, or at K B 3, to any lasting advantage ; and never can she be thus deployed if the defensive measures taken by the opponent have been scientifically correct. In the close game the Q is only properly deployed at the point Q 2, and the Q is never properly deployed at K 1 or at Q B 1, except when by such deployment one or more strategic or tactical errors on the part of the opponent may be availed of to the most advantage. LOGISTICS OF THE BLACK Q. PKINCIPLE. In all strategic fronts directed by the right refused or by the left refused, the black Q is best deployed at Q2.' In all strategic fronts directed by the right, the Q is best deployed at Q 2 ; and in all strategic fronts di- rected by the left, the Q is best deployed at K 2. The Q is seldom correctly deployed at the points K 2, Q B 2, Q Kt 3, K B 3, almost never at K 1 or Q B 1 ; and only gross strategic or tactical errors render her deployment at the points Q R 4, K Kt 4, or K R 5 feasible and effective. Also in the close game the Q is best deployed at the point Q 2. LINES OF MANOEUVRE. A Line of Manoeuvre is composed of those movements whereby a given force augments itself to the greater force as compared to the opposing force. Lines of manoeuvre are divided into three classes : — I. Simple. II. Compound. III. Complex. PRINCIPLE. When not acting on a line of operation, always manceuvre, and never manoeuvre otherwise than strate- gically, i.e. against points; and always combine with a manoeuvre that deployment or development which properly is in sequence in the given situation. A Simple Line of Manoeuvre is composed of those movements whose object is to occupy a given point with a given piece, at a time when such occupation will compel the opponent either to adopt an improper strategic front, or to improperly construct the strategic front adopted. A simple line of manoeuvre never aims at more than a gain in position, and is never based upon a strategetic weakness. A simple line of manoeuvre always has for its object the proper deployment or development, and the compelling of the opponent to adopt an inferior strategic front, to establish improper piece units, to improperly locate the objective plane, and to establish uncovered points. LINES OF MAN(EUVRE. 313 PRINCIPLE. Having the initiative in a single line of manoeuvre, always select that move which will establish the strategic front upon the strategetic centre and prevent the oppon- ent from doing likewise, or will oppose a full front to the adversary's front refused, or a major front to his minor front, or a grand front to his major front. SIMPLE LINE OF MANCEUVEE. Fig. 225. Mr. Wake. {Black.) MfMm 'Zy////////. , v/^TTTTM. Itl ill i 111 ill m i ■ 11 «! — ^ ^ #*^' wd ^M^M. 'Vy^^z/yAfY^ m mA..mi '/,_ ___ __/y////////'Z. (White.) Mr. Young. White to move. 314 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. THE PLA Y. White. Black. 1. P-K5. 1. Kt-K5. 2. B-Q3. 2. P-Q4. 3. Castles. 3. P-K3. 4. Q-K2. 4. B-B4. 5. B X Kt. 6. BxB. 6. Kt-Kt5. 6. B-B4. 7. P-KKt4 . 7. P-KR3 8. PXB. 8. PxKt. 9. P-B6. 9. B-Bl. 10. PxP. And White won A Oompound Line of Manoeuvre is composed of those movements whose object is to occupy a given point with a given piece at a time when such occupation will compel the opponent either to adopt an improper strategic front, or to improperly construct the strategic front adopted, and at the same time will menace him either with loss in material, or with the junction of the given determi- nate force with the kindred hypothetical force. A compound manoeuvre aims at gain in material, either indirectly by destroying a portion of the adverse force, or directly by occupying a point on the logistic horizon and uniting with the kindred hypothetical force. A compound line of manceuvre always is based upon a strategetic weakness contained either in Class V., VI., or VII. PRINCIPLE. Having the initiative in a compound line of manoeu- vre, always select that move which unites the proper development of the strategic front, with the greatest possible gain to be derived from menacing the strategetic weakness existing in the adverse position. LINES OF MANCEUVRE. 315 COMPOUND LINE OF MANCEUVRE. Fig. 226. Mr. Fiske. (Blach.) 'Wm^ rnKmi 'mi wmMm W.T.MTf^M. wi. — — %^#-^. .,w/////m', w/z/zm',,. Mr. Young. White to move. White. 1. Kt-Q5. 2. P — Q4. 3. Q-QB3. 4. Q-E5. 5. Q — B7(ck). 6. Q B X P. 7. B X Q. 8. Kt X Kt (ck). 9. B X R. THE PLAY. Black. L Castles (Q R). 2. Kt X P. 3. P — QB4. 4. K-Ktl. 5. K-Rl. 6. Kt — K3. 7. Kt X Q. 8. K-Ktl. And White won. 316 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. A Complex Line of Manoeuvre is composed of those movements whose object is to occupy a given point with a "given piece at a time when such occupation will com- pel the opponent to adopt either an improper strategic front, or to improperly construct the strategic front adopted, and at the same time will menace him with the loss of the prime strategetic point. A complex line of manoeuvre always aims at gaining command of the objective plane, and is based upon a strategetic weakness contained in either Class I., II., III., or IV. PEINCIPLE. Having the initiative in a complex line of manoeuvre, always select that move which unites the proper devel- opment of the strategic front with the greatest menace against the objective plane. LINES OF MAN(EUVRE. 317 COMPLEX LINE OF MANCEUVRE. Fig. 227. Mr. Fellnar. {Black.) iW0 « "1 Kill flli mm. '/.Vr^Kr/, mm i -% ?^ ^ ''^~M. e ^^, m Bl 'mm. 'w^y. ..J mm. m m iwl IS ■ 111 (White.) Mk. Young. THE PLAY. White. Black. 1. B-QR6. 1. P-QB4. 2. Kt-B6(ck). 2. PxKt. 3. QBXP. 3. Q-KB2. 4. B-Q6(ck). 4. K-Rl. 5. Kt-B5. 5. B-QBl. 6. BxB. 6. P-QR4. 7. P - K 6. 7. Q-KB3. 8. B-K5. 8. Q-K2. 9. B-Kt 7(ck). 9. K-R2. 10. E X Kt. 10. RxR. 11. RxR. 11. Q-KR5. White announces mate in nine moves. LINES OF OPERATION. A Line of Operation is composed of those movements whereby the greater force overcomes the opposing force. Lines of operation are divided into three classes : — I. Strategic. 11. Tactical. 111. Logistic. The object of a line of operation always is either to command the objective plane, to unite a determinate force with the kindred hypothetical force, or to destroy a portion of the adverse force. A Strategic Line of Operation is composed of those processes whereby the greater force acquires possession of the objective plane. A strategic line of operations always originates in a complex line of manoeuvre ; it always is directed against a strategetic weakness either of Class I. or of Class II., and its value is determined by the coefficient of mobility of the ultimate objective plane. The validity of any projected strategic line of oper- ations is determined by the mobility of the ultimate objective plane. PRINCIPLE. Whenever the net value of the kindred radii of offence is equal to the mobility of the ultimate objective plane, the projected strategic line of operation is valid. LINES OF OPERATION. 319 STRATEGIC LINES OF OPERATION. Fig. 228. Mr. Young. (Black.) Im^^TAF ^^ p (White.) Mk. Kelsey. Black to move. THE PLAY. White. Resiffns. C^/^Sk Black. 1. Q — KRo. 320 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. {White.) Mr. Young. White to move. THE PLAY. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. White. B X Kt. RxB. P-B6. Q — Kt5(ck). BxR. QxP(ck). Q X P (ck). R-KRl. Q-KKt7(ck). Black. BxB. QxR. Q-Bl. K-Rl. KxB. Q — R3. K-Rl. QxR. Checkmate. LINES OF OPERATION. 321 Fig. 230. Me. Hill. (Black.) m, w ^Wl^ »..• »i% m M'4? f //////////. ■A'///////A. m. w^S^^^^ (White.) Mk. Young White to move. THE PLAY White. Black. 1. B - K B 6. 1. BxB. 2. Q - Kt 4. 2. Kt-Kt3. 3. Kt-B5. 3. B - K 3. 4. Kt-R6(ck). 4. K-Rl. 5. Q — Kt 5. 5. Kt (B 3) - K 2 6. BxKtP(ck). 6. KxB. 7. Kt-KB6. 7. Q-Ql. 8. Kt-R5(ck). 8. K-Rl. 9. Q-KB6 (ck). Checkmate 322 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Fig. 231. Herr Kaufmann. (Black. ) ^ ^^ ^»^^^^ lsi?,.^8 ^■i-Si ■ 111 -mm. m^m. m. 'Mm%%' "7///////^ '<^////////a y/z/y/A mm^y. 'WW3 ''^w/m. n m (White.) Mr. Young. White to move. THE PLAY. White. Black. 1. P-Kt5. 1. PxP. 2. PxP. 2. KtxP. 3. Q-Kt3. 3. B-R5. 4. Kt-Kt6. 4. Kt-R2. 5. QxB. 5. QxQ. 6. Kt-K7(ck). 6. K-Rl. 7. IlxKt(ck). 7. KxR. 8. R-KR2(ck). Checkmate. LINES OF OPERATION. 323 Fig. 232. Mr. Harlow. (Black.) '^M/A ^W ;^ ^^ PI i H J. ^//-//;% W//yy///A, ~~~ fill i ^W^--''"^"' wa PI If^T^TT^A '>y///////Z', m y////m My WMB, II 'mm 1^1 (n'-A(ye.) ■"■" Mr. Young White to move. THE PLAY White. Black. 1. Q — Q5(ck). 1, R-KB2. 2. P-Kt6. 2. B-B3. 3. PxR(ck). 3. K-Blo 4. BxP(ck). 4. KXB. o. Kt-K4 (disck). 5. K-R3. 6. P-B8(Qck). 6. QXQ(B8). 7. Q-Q2(ck). 7. K-R4. 8. Q-Kto (ck). Checkmate 324 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. A Tactical Line of Operation is composed of those processes whereby an opposing force is reduced to the lesser force by the destruction of one or more of its integers. A tactical line of operation always originates in a compound line of manoeuvre. A tactical line of operation always is directed against those strategetic weaknesses which are contained in Classes III., V., or VI., and its value is determined by the excess of radii of offence over the adverse radii of defence. The processes which appertain to tactical lines of operation are dominated by the principles of major tactics. These evolutions are treated of in extenso in "The Major Tactics of Chess." The validity of any projected tactical line of opera- tions is determined by the excess of kin'dred radii of offence over the adverse radii of defence. PRINCIPLE. Whenever the sum total of kindred radii of offence is greater than the sum total of adverse radii of defence, the projected tactical line of operations is valid. LINES OF OPERATION. 325 Fig. 233. Mk. Young. {Black.) W^/'^^ W3M mm. f^f% j° ^ ^ fm 'M y^w.y////. 'mm X mim * m ^ w^M. wm m.... mm.. '^ f^^ -mm 'mm. 'mm. m i la i ^^""^F^#^""^mf--- "^ ^ iSf 1. '^K......j^^Kt^w^^^^......... ?^D^^'i s. gl ^ Ifli 'M^^f////, ^ »..B..3^M %y7777f/A /?7S?777"i '/^/^?^/A *=^S=. '^^^^y///) {White.) Mr. Ware. White to move. THE PLAY. In this situation White played Kt X Q P, and the same continued : — White. Black. 1. KtXKt. 2. Q-K4(ck). 2. Kt — K2. 3. Q X R. 3. B - Q B 3. 4. QxRP. 4. Kt-QBl. And Black won. 326 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. i^iG. 234. Messes. Stone and Saulsen. {Black.) i« iffll ^ ^^' • i » • Pf WMm^^hm w////M''1t^-m 'm m ^ «„,9„„s ^ y///////yM '///////////, ISi^™^^^^. Me. Young. White to move. THE PLAY. In this situation White played P — Q 5, to which Black replied with Q - K B 3. Wliite then played Q - Q B 2, and Black took the white Q R. The game continued : — White. 1. Kt-QB3. 2. B-QKtl. 3. B-QKt2. Black. 1. B-Q5. 2. P-KB4. And White won. LINES OF OPERATION. 327 Fig. 235. Mr. Young. {Black:) Pi i s fm i^' i m W/////M'... Wa mm//. fSm, (White.) Mk. Ware. Black to move. White. THE PLAY. 2. RxP. 3. RxB. 4. B-KR3(ck). 5. Q-KBl. Black. 1. P-KR5. 2. P X P. 3. Q X R. 4. K-Ktl. 5. Q-KR5. And Black won. 328 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Fig. 236. Mk. Young. {Black.) 'mm i ma. VM^,.. m ■ i ^^m m 111 WZ ^T^TTv^i '^/mW Vy/yy^yy/A ^'vTvJ^^KZvz-^^^'- _ %/^*S^-4 — ^ft y/jSSi^'y VymMm. 'yy///A/yy/ L-J %k7^x^ »^ ■• ^ 1 M Vyyyyy///// {White.) Mr. Harlow. Black to move. THE PLAY. White. Black. 1. R — QKtl. 2. Q-QBl. 2. Q-K7. 3. RxP. 3. BxKt. 4. Q-Kl. 4. Qx Q. 5. R X Q. 5. B X B P. And Black won. LINES OF OPERATION. 329 Fig. 237. Mr. Young. {Black.) PI i PI ■ ■ Pi i yy/yy/yy/// ^^^^ y/////y////^^^'y////////// ^^^' y^^ ^mm ^mm^ I»! i» I m wm..B..3^^y. i^i .^yyyyyM mmm. ^^'^^'^ 'yyyyy'yyyy ^^^'^ ''^^^/^^^^^^^^^'y {White.) Mr. Sargent. Black to move. THE PLAY. White. Black. 2. Q-Ql. 3. B — QB2. 4. B-QBl. 5. Q-Q3. 6. R X R. 7. B-K3. 8. K-Ktl. 1. Q-K6. 2. Kt(R4)-B5. 3. KtxKtP. 4. Q-Kt3. 5. R X Kt. 6. Kt-K8. 7. BxR(ck). 8. Kt x Q. And Black won. 330 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. ■ A Logistic Line of Operation is composed of those processes whereby a given hypothetical force is united to the kindred determinate force. A logistic line of operation always originates in a compound line of manoeuvre, and always is directed against a strategetic weakness contained either in Class IV., y., or VIL A logistic line of operation'always is directed against those strategetic weaknesses v/hich are contained in Classes IV., V., or VII., and its value is determined by the freedom of the pawn altitudes from adverse points of resistance. The processes incident to logistic lines of operation are treated in extenso in " The Major Tactics of Chess." The validity of any projected logistic line of opera- tions is determined by the absence of adverse points of resistance from the kindred pawn altitude. PRINCIPLE. Whenever all adverse points of resistance are or can be eliminated from one or more kindred pawn altitudes, then the projected logistic line of operations is valid. LINES OF OPERATION. 331 LOGISTIC LINES OF OPERATION. Fig. 238. Mr. Young. [Black.) jPm 4Pm ^fc :^ ^^^^/A ■W///M. VMrn w. i ^ « ^« m :mm. fSf « ^^« i {WMie.) Mr. Ware. Black to move. THE PLAY. White. Black. 1. B~Kt3. 2. B - K Kt 4. 2. P-KR4. 3. B - Q B 8. 3. P-E5. 4. BxP. 4. P-R6. 5. K-B2. 5. P - K 6 (ck) 6. KxP. 6. B-K5. And Black won. 332 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. Tig. 239. Mr. Young. (Black.) ,f/////////A wA -'^^^M 4 if i S i i ^B i C^ «^ WoSy WWM 'fiM.^^lM\ 1^1 ^'^^'^ ''//■//////// ^^^^^^'// -^////////y. W//////. m .w/z/z/m ^^y. M^^^^^^iy W^3 w/////yM [White.) BUEILLE AND YoUNG, 404 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 6. Played at the Boston Chess Club, May 14, 1885. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the centre and not covered by a salient nor by a Kt at K B 3. MUZIO GAMBIT. r. K. Young. G. W. Sanfokd. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. P-KB4. 2. PxP. 3. Kt - K B 3. 3. P-KKt4. 4. B-B4. 4. P - Kt 5. 5. Castles. 5. P X Kt. 6. B X P (ck). 6. KXB. •7. QxP. 7. Q-B3. 8. Kt - Q B 3. 8. P-Q3. 9. P-Q4. 9. Q X P (ck). 10. B - K 3. 10. Q-B3. 11. Q-R5 (ck). 11. Q - Kt 3. 12. RxP(ck). 12. Kt - K B 3. 13. R xKt(ck). . 13. KX R. 14. Q-R4 (ck). ; 14. K-B2. 15. R-KBl (ck). 15. K-Kl. 16. Kt-Q5. . 16. Kt - Q R 3. 17. R-B6. 17. Q - Kt 5. 18. R X B (ck). ,18. K-Q2. 19. QxQ(ck). 19. K-B3. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 405 20. Kt - K 7 (ck) . 20. K - Kt 4. 21. Q-K2(ck). 21. K-R4. 22. RxR. And Black resigns. Position after Black's I7th move. Fig. 248. Sanfoed. (.Black.) ftliH '""^7^^. Vz/y/wA ,e^,- ^^^"-^^^ B ^ el l..^„M 1 ISl Young. 406 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 7. Played at the Boston Chess Club, June 11, 1886. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manceuvre against an objective plane located on the centre and lacking a strategic front. EVANS' GAMBIT. 1 '. K. Young. Ci lARLES B. Snow. White. Black. 1. P-K4, 1. P-K4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. Kt-QB3. 3. KB-B4. 3. K B - B 4. 4. P-QKt4. 4. B X Kt P. 5. P-QB3. 5. B-R4. 6. P-Q4. 6. PxP. 7. Castles. 7. PxP. 8. Q-Kt3. 8. Q-B3. 9. P-K5. 9. Q-Kt3. 10. KtxP. 10. KKt-K2. 11. B-R3. 11. P-QKt4. 12. Kt X P. 12. R - Q Kt 1. 13. Q-R4. 13. P-QR3. 14. Kt-Q6(ck). 14. PxKt. 15. PxP. 15. Kt-KB4. 16. KR-Kl(ek). 16. BxR. 17. R X B (ck).^ 17. K-Bl. 18. Q X Kt. 18. Kt - K 2. 19. P X Kt (ckV 19. K-Kl. 20. Q-B7. 20. Q - Kt 3. 21. Kt-K5. 21. P-Q4. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 407 22. BxP. 23. Q-Q7(ck). 24. BxBP(ck). 22. B-K3. 23. B X Q. Mate. Position after Black's 13th move. Fig. 249. Snow. {Black.) ^^«/....^^. mi - '"^ '% , V////////0, ^ B Bl H 7/////y.. P is ^«^^ ^ 151 ^ ^ ^ gj ^^^^i w/z/y/m'. (White.) Young. 410 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 9. Played at the Boston Chess Club, Aug. 2, 1885. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the centre, and exposed to attack via open files and diagonals not guarded by proper deployments. EVANS' GAMBIT. F . K. Young. Charles B. Snow. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. Kt-QB3. 3. KB-B4. 3. KB-B4. 4. P - Q Kt 4. 4. B X Kt P. 5. P-QB3. ■ 5. B-R4. 6. P-Q4. 6. PxP. 7. Castles. 7. Kt - K B 3. 8. B-R3. 8. Kt x K P. •9. Q-Kt3. 9. Q-B3. 10. E-Kl. 10. Q - K B 5. 11. R X Kt (ck). 11. QXR. 12. B X P (ck). 12. K-Ql. 13. QKt-Q2. 13. Q.-Q6. 14. B-KR5. 14. PxP. 15. Kt - Kt 5. 15. Kt-K4. 16. Kt-QB4. 16. P-Q3. 17. Kt X Kt. 17. Q-B4. 18. Kt (K 5) - B 7 (ck). 18. K-Q2. 19. B - K Kt 4. 19. QxB. 20. Kt-K5(ck). 20. PxKt. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 411 21. Q-Q5 (ck). 22. Q — B7(ck). 23. Q-K7(ck). 21. K-Kl. 22. K-Ql. Mate. Position after Black's 1 5th move. Fig. 251. Snow. {Black.) 'mm m W m^^'^^i. .. 'mm. Mi 11 i Si i 'MM: IMJ 1 mm. "^■"^iT H#iii IS '^M ^^ ^i^ isl P |g Young. 412 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 10. Played at the Boston Press Club, Nov. 8, 1892. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the centre and compromised by the formation of the minor left oblique. DANISH GAMBIT. F. K. Young. L. DoKt. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. P-Q4. 2. PxP. 3. P - Q B 3. 3. PxP. 4. K B - B 4. 4. Kt-KB3 5. Kt - K B 3. 5. KtxP. 6. Castles. 6. Kt - Q 3. 7. KtxP. 7. KtxB. 8. R - K 1 (ck). 8. B-K2. ,9. Kt - Q 5. 9. Kt-QB3, 10. B - Kt*5. 10. P-KB3. 11. R — QBl. 11. P-QKt4, 12. Rx Kt. 12. PXR. 13. Kt - K 5. 13. PXB. 14. Q - R 5 (ck). 14. P - Kt 3. 15. Kt-B6(ck). 15. BxKt. 16. Kt X Kt P (dis ck). 16. Q-K2. 17. R X Q (ck). 17. B X R. 18. Kt-K5(disck). 18. K-Ql. 19. Kt-B7(ck). 19. K-Kl. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 413 20. Kt-Q6(dleck). 21. Q-K8(ck). 22. Kt - B 7 (ck). Mate. 20. K-Ql. 21. R X Q. Position after White's 13th move. Fig. 252. Dork. {Black.) « ^ZM.^^-^ r^\i MZ^M^y^. ^^ e 'mm. m mm. im ^m Pi S wm .■Z/////M 'W/ZM '>y/////m 'Zy/z/zM ■ISP ^^ (TFAJte.) Young. 414 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 11. Played at the Boston Chess Club, June 15, 1893. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right oblique refused, by White ; opposed by a complex line of manoeuvre by Black, against an objective plane located on the right and not properly covered nor supported. CUNNINGHAM COUNTER GAMBIT. Charles B. Snow. r. K. Young. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. P-KB4. 2. PxP. 3. Kt - K B 3. 3. •B-K2. 4. B-B4. 4. P - Q Kt 4. 5. B-Kt3. 5. B - R 5 (ck) 6. P - Kt 3. 6. PxP. 7. Castles. 7. PxP(ck). 8. K - R 1. 8. B - Kt 2. 9/ BxP(ck)- 9. KxB. 10. Kt X B (dis ck). 10. Kt - K B 3. 11. Q - R 5 (ck). 11. P-Kt3. 12. Q-B3. 12. Kt - Q B 3. 13. P-Q3. 13. K-Kt2. 14. B - Kt 5. 14. R-KBl. 15. Kt - Q B 3. 15. Kt-Q5. 16. Q-B2. 16. Kt - K 3. 17. B X Kt. ■ 17. QxB. 18. QxQ. 18. RxQ. 19. RxR. 19. KxR. 20. Kt X Q Kt P. 20. P-Q4. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 415 21. R-KBl (ck). 22. Kt-B3(ck). 21. K-K4. 22. K-B5. 23. KKt-Q4(disck). 23. K-Kt6. 24. KtxKt. 25. Kt-B5. 26. KtxB. 27. R-Kl. 24. PxP. 25. P-K6(disck). 26. P-K7. 27. R-KBl. And White resigns. Position after Black's 20th move. EiG. 253. Young. {_Black.) ^ ,^jmm 4 mm r'm k m wmz^.3^A...^....mm. ^fm. ^^^J W^ A m. ^^ ill (TP^rte.) Snow. 416 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 12. Played at the Boston Chess Club, Sept. 9, 1877. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a compoimd line of manoeuvre against a premature counter attack by the right refused, by Black. KING'S GAMBIT EVADED. F. K. Young. Prentiss Cummings. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. P-KB4. 2. B-B4. 3. Kt-QB3. 3. Kt - K B 3. 4. Kt - K B 3. 4. P-Q3. 5. B-B4. 5. Kt - Kt 5. 6. P-Q4. 6. PxP. 7. Kt X Q P. 7. Q-R5 (ck) •8. P - Kt 3. 8. Q — R6. 9. B-Bl. ■9. Q-E3. 10. Kt - Q 5. 10. B - Kt 3. 11. P-KB5. 11. Q-R4. 12. P-KR3. 12. B X Kt. 13. QxB. 13. Castles. 14. B-K2. 14. Kt - Q B 3. 15. Kt-K7 (ck). 15. K-Rl. 16. Kt X Kt. 16. P - K B 3. 17. BxKt. 17. Q-Kl. 18. Kt-QR5. And White wins. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 417 Position after Black's 14th move. Fig. 254. cummings. {Black.) ^i^Z m'''^v//////M mm 4M i ill i,:.f?„i5?^ i^i il!i i.,„^^i» ^ ill m. r^f. ^^ ^^1 {White.) Young. 418 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 13. Played at the Deschapelles Club, Oct. 8, 1889. This game illustrates a line of mobilization bj the right, combined with a complex line of manceuvre against an objective plane located on the right, the black K Kt being dislodged from the point black K B 3. BUY LOPEZ. F . K. Young. C 1. F. BURILLE. White. BLACK: 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. Kt - Q B 3. 3. B - Kt 5. 3. Kt - B 3. 4. P-Q4. 4. Kt X K P. 5. PxP. 5. Kt-QB4. 6. Castles. 6. Kt - K 3. 7. Kt-QB3. 7. B-K2. 8. Kt - Q 5. 8. Castles. 9. P-QB3. 9. P-QR3. 10. B-Q3. 10. B-B4. 11. P-QKt4 11. B-R2. 12. P - Q B 4. 12. P-QR4. 13. P - Kt 5. 13. Kt - K 2. 14. B - Kt 2. 14. Kt - Kt 3. 15. Q-Q2. 15. P-R5. 16. QR-Kl. 16. P-R6. 17. B-Rl. 17. P - Q B 3. 18. Kt-QB3. 18. B-B4. 19. Kt-K4. 19. B - K 2. 20. Kt-Q6. 20. P-QKt3, 21. Kt-Q4. 21. BxKt. 22. PxB. 22. P-QB4. 23. Kt-B5. 23. P - K B 3. 24. P-KB4. 24. R-B2. 25. Kt-R6(ck). 25. P X Kt. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 419 26. P-B5. 27. PxKt. 28. QxP. 29. R X K P. 30. R X R. 31. B X K P. 32. Q-R5(ck). 33. B X P (ck). 34. Q-Kt6(ck). 35. B - Kt 7 (ck). 36. B-R6(disck). 37. Q - Kt 7 (ck). 26. Kt(Kt3)-Bl. 27. P X P. 28. P-K4. 29. PxR. 30. KxR. 31. B-K3. 32. KKtl. 33. Kt x B. 34. K-Bl. 35. K-Ktl. 36. K-Rl. Mate. Position after Black's 28th move. Fig. 255. BUKILLE. {Black.) m 11 .•:^^'.' iB*^ P m si Bl m ■I ■^^^/A WZ/Z/M!, (White.) Young. 420 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 14. Played at the Deschapelles Club, March 14, 1889. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against' an objective plane located on the centre and improperly covered and supported. EVANS' GAMBIT. I \ K. Young. Major 0. E. Michaelis. White. Black. 1. P-K4. 1. P-K4. 2. Kt - K B 3. 2. Kt - Q B 3. 3. K B - B 4. 3. K B - B 4. 4. P-QKt4. 4. B X Kt P. 5. P - Q B 3. 5. B-B4. 6. Castles. 6. P-Q3. 7. P-Q4. 7. PxP. 8. PxP. 8. B - Kt 3. 9. Kt - Q B 3. 9. B - Kt 5. 10. Q-R4. 10. B-Q2. 11. Q - Kt 3. 11. Kt-QR4. 12. B X P (ck). 12. K-Bl. 13. Q-B2. 13. KxB. 14. P-K5. 14. P-KR3. 15. P-Q5. 15. Kt - K B 3. 16. P - K 6 (ek). 16. BxKP. 17. P X B (ck). 17. KxP. 18. Q-KKt6. 18. Q - K B 1. 19. B~R3. 19. R-Kl. 20. Kt - K 5. 20. B-Q5. 21. QR-Kl. 21. B X Q Kt. 22. Kt-B7 (disck). 22. K-Q2. 23. Q - B 5 (ck). 23. K-B3. 24. Kt - K 5 (ck). 24. RxKt. 25. Rx P. 25. Kt-Kl. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 421 26. Q-B2. 26. K-Q2. 27, QxB. 27. Kt-B3. 28. Q-KR3(ck). 28. K-Ql. 29. R-K6. 29. Q-B2. 30. KR-Kl. 30., Kt-K4. 31. P - K B 4. 31. QxP. 32. R (K 1) X Kt. 32. PxR. 33. B-K7(ck). 33. K-Q2. 34. R X P (dis ck). 34. K-B3. 35. R-QB5(ck). 35. K - Kt 3. 36. Q-QKt3(ck). And Black resigns. Position after White s 21st move. Fig. 256 MiCHAELIS. {Black.) m mm,..^j;^. tsi 111 i «1 wmwfmMim m fiM ^ '^^i ^ d IB ^ ^ ^ m ■_ m m ^^^i. «^^ P m. mm. fMA4m Si^P^ 1 i lai ^ 1^ . OVhite.) Young. 422 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 15. Played at the Boston Chess Club, Dec, 25, 1877. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane not covered by a Kt at K B 3, and weakened by the premature, formation of the en appui. PHILIDOE'S DEFENCE. F. K. Young. KuFus Sawyer. White. Black. 1. P - K 4. . 1- P - K 4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. P-Q3. 3. P-Q4. 3. PXP. 4. QxP. 4. B-Q2. 5. B - K 3. 5. Kt-QB3. 6. Q-Q2. 6. B-K2. 7. B - Q B 4. 7. Kt-KB3. 8. Kt-QB3. 8. Castles. 9. Castles (KR). 9. P - K R 3. 10. P - K R 3. 10. P-QR3. 11. Kt - R 2. 11. R-QKtl. 12. P - K B 4. 12. P-QKt4. 13. B-Q3. 13. Kt - Q Kt 5. 14. R - K B 3. 14. P-QB4. 15. P-K5. 15. PxP. 16. PxP. 16. Kt (B3)-Q4, 17. Kt X Kt. 17. Kt X Kt. 18. B X K R P. 18. P - Q B 5. 19. B X Kt P. 19. B - K Kt 4. 20. R - Kt 3. 20. Q-Kt3 (ck). 21. K-Rl. 21. P-KB3. 22. Rx B. 22. PXKB. 23. B X P (dis ck). 23. K-B2. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 423 24. R-Kt7(ck). 24. K-Kl. 25. QxP. 25. B-K3. 26. Q — Kt 6 (ck). 26. B — B2. 27. RxB. 27. R X R. 28. Q - Kt 8 (ck). 28. R-KBl 29. Qx Kt. 29. R-QBl. 30. P - K 6. 30. RxB. 31. Q - Q 7 (ck). 31. K-Bl. 32. P - K 7 (ck). And Black resigns. Position after Black's 16th move. Fig. 257. Sawtek. {Blach.) SI wm »i«fe.i i ^m/^' ^P !■ i II m jmii mi. kmMim 0M.^„iSi.. m. m feJ fiM. m & w/////m, ^^^^, 111 " ^pl^^^ i ^S (TFMe.) Young. 424 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. GAME 16. Played at the Boston Chess Club, Sept. 7, 1885. Match Game. This game illustrates, first, a line of mobilization by the left refused, afterwards converted into a line of de- velopment by the right, and combined with a compound line of manoeuvre against a strategetic weakness on Black's left flank. Secondly, the combining of the de- velopment by the right with a complex line of manoeu- vre against an objective plane not covered by a Kt at K B 3, and Weakened by the improper establishment of the right major crochet and the en appui. ENGLISH OPENING. E . K. Young. P. Ware. White. Black. 1. P-QB4. 1. P-QB3. 2. Kt - Q B 3. 2. P-K3. 3. P-K3. 3. P-Q4. 4. P-Q4. 4. PxP. 5. BXP. 5. B-Q3. 6. Kt - B 3. 6. Kt-B3. 7. P-K4. 7. B — Kt5. 8. Q-Q3. 8. P-KR3. 9. P-QR3. 9. B-K2. 10. Castles. 10. P - Q Kt 4, 11. B-R2. 11. P-Kt5. 12. P-K5. 12. Kt-Q4. 13. Kt X Kt. 13. K P X Kt. 14. R-Kl. 14. B - K 3. 15. B-Q2. 15. P-QR4. 16. B - Kt 3. 16. PxP. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 425 17. PxP. 18. B-R4. 19. QE-QBl. 20. Q-B3. 21. P-K6. ■22. R — K3. 23. B-Kt5. 24. Q X R P. 25. B-R4. 26. Q-B3. 17. P-KKt3. 18. Q — Bl. 19. QB-B4. 20. P-KKt4. 21. P-KB3. 22. R-R3. 23. R-Kt3. 24. Q-Kt2. 25. Castles. 26. R-R3. Position after Black's 26th move. Fig. 258. Ware. {Black.) mm ^ M$fim'§ tm^m. ii ■'Mm^^'-^^''- 'fsr * «"»^%s^. ^^^ ^g^ ^s^^ ^r«' VA WM WM^ WM 1 fSf M ttl ^^. ^^ 1^1 ^p (TFAite.) Steinitz. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 445 31. Kt-Q5. 31. Q X B (ek). 32. QxQ. 32. B X Q (ck). 33. KxB. 33. R-KBl(ck), 34. K - Kt 3. 34. Kt-Q5. 35. KtxP. 35. R-Ql. 36. Kt - K 4. 36. K-Kt2. 37. Kt (K 4) - Q B 3. 37. P - Q Kt 3. 38. Kt - B 4. 38. B-B2. 39. K-R4. 39. K-R3. 40. R — K5. 40. R-KKtl. 41. B-Q5. 41. R-Kt5 (ck). Drawn. GAME 25. Played at the Boston Chess Club, Sept. 19, 1886. Match Game. This game illustrates the overthrow of an improperly constructed major right oblique by the minor left oblique refused and aligned, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the centre and improperly covered. REMOVE BLACK'S K B P. P. Ware. F. K. Young. White. Black. 1. P - K 4. 1. Kt - K R 3, 2. P-KB4. 2. Kt - B 2. 3. P-Q4. 3. P-K3. 4. Kt - K B 3. 4. B-K2. 5. B-Q3. 5. P-Q4. 6. P - K 5. 6. P - Q B 4. 7. P-QB3. 7. Kt - Q B 3. 8. P-QKt3. 8. B-Q2. 446 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. 9. B-K3. 10. Q-B2. 11. Q-KB2. 12. P-KR3. 13. QKt-Q2. 14. P X P. 15. K-K2. 16. K X Kt. 17. Kt-QB4. 18. K:-Q2. 9. P-QKt3. 10. R — QBl. 11. Kt-KR3. 12. Castles. 13. PxP. 14. Kt-QKt5. 15. Kt X B. 16. B-QKt4(ck). 17. P X Kt (ck). 18. PxP. Position after White's 13th move. Fig. 267. Young. {Black.) M Hi-B Hi w. WM. « mM^-M^^mm 111 * m fc^i 1^,...^,.,.^^ wm. m ..... f^rJ {WMie.) Ware. ILLUSTRATIVE GAMES. 447 19. PxP. 19. Q-Q4. 20. K R - Q Kt 1. 20. Q-K5. 21. K-Ql. 21. Kt-B4. 22. B-Q2. 22. Kt - Kt 6. 23. Q-K3. 23. Q-B7(ck). 24. K-Kl. 24. Kt-B8. 25. Q-B2. 25. KtxB. 26. Kt X Kt. 26. KR-Ql. 27. Q-K3. 27. RxQP. 28. R-QBl. 28. B - K R 5 (ck) 29. P-KKt3. 29. BxP(ck). And White resigns. GAME 26. Played at the Boston Press Club, Jan. 26, 1893. This game illustrates a line of mobilization by the right, combined with a complex line of manoeuvre against an objective plane located on the right, not covered by a Kt at K B 3, and weakened by the false fianchetto of the K B and the premature formation of the minor left oblique refused. RUY LOPEZ. F. K. Young. H '. N. PiLLSBURT. White. Black. 1. P - K 4. 1. P-K4. 2. Kt-KB3. 2. Kt-QB3. 3. B - Kt 5. 3. P-Q3. 4. P-Q4. 4. B-Q2. 5. Castles. 5. P - K B 3. 6. P-QB3. 6. K Kt - K 2. 7. Kt-KR4. 7. P-KKt3. 8. P - K B 4. 8. B - Kt 2. 448 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. 9. P-KB5 10. PxP. 11. Q-Kt4. 12. R-KB3. 13. R — R3. U. Q-R5. 15. Kt-Kt6 (ck). 16. QxP. Checkmate. 9. PxP. 10. Castles. 11. K-Rl. 12. R-KKtl. 13. B-,R3. 14. BxB. 15. K-Kt2. Position after Black's 8th move. Fig. 268. PiLLSBUKT. {Black.) ^''WM'" " ^ m 'mmwm'M 4M. i * «MJf!lisi,,„, fill, *,,,«», yy..rB^..^m, §BM 'mm. LJSl S, H M ^,,,^.^ ^r?w^^^ '^/ ///y'}/ '' Vf^^TTfi'. i^^^^ •^ ' -^i^^/A (White.) Young. THE MODEL GAME. THE MODEL GAME. Played in the Second Round of the First American Chess Congress, at New York, 1857. FRENCH DEFENCE. Chakles Paul Mokphy, Judge A. B. Meek, New Orleans, La. Mobile, Ala. White. Black. 1. P-4. The best opening deployment for White, combined with the correct manoeuvre, viz., to prevent P — Q 4 by Black. See " Grand Tactics," page 341. 1. P-K3. Inferior to 1 P — K 4, which last is best for Black. The second player is now committed to the strategic front by the left refused. A prime defect in this de- ployment lies in the fact that it permits White at once to establish the first supporting parallel. 2. P-Q4. The best deployment for White, combined with the correct manoeuvre, viz., to form the first supporting parallel. White can now develop either by the right or by the left, which is the desideratum previous to the locating of the objective plane. 2. P-KKt3. Entirely unscientific, being neither a deployment nor a manoeuvre. The weakness thus created in Black's 452 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. right wing makes it perilous later to properly castle his king. 3. B — Q3. White proceeds to establish the primary base Q P B 1 A as laid down in " Minor Tactics," pages 125-142, and page 139 (j), and so deploys as to retain the option of developing either by the right or by the left. 3. B-Kt2. This also is entirely unscientific, being again neither a deployment nor a manoeuvre. 4. B-K3. See " Minor Tactics," page 139 (k). 4. Kt — K2. The natural sequence in Black's position, which already is far inferior to that of White. 5. Kt-K2. See " Minor Tactics," page 138 (h). 5. P-QKt3. Black now commits himself irrevocably to the left oblique refused. This deployment is valid. See "Minor Tactics," page 162(f). 6. Kt — Q2. See " Minor Tactics," page 138 (i). 6. B-QKt2. This also is a valid deployment See " Minor Tactics," page 163 (k). 7. Castles. By this move White initiates the line of development, and announces his purpose of attacking by the right oblique if Black castles K R, and by the crochet aligned THE MODEL GAME. 453 if Black castles Q R. It will be observed that the advanced Kt P's make it equally hazardous for Black to castle on either side. 7. P-Q4. Black permits White to establish the major front by the right. 8. P-K5. And then, in open defiance to this theory, Black locates his prime strategetic point at the extremity of the adverse strategic front. Position after Black's 6th move. Fig. 269. {Black.) m 1 IS '^m. A ^B ^^^^ Hill i p i m. i H H,„4 y/////M. w///////; mm. 'mm ^^ ^ ^ ^ W/////M. '^^M. % mm^. m mm M^i w/z/m, '/y//////M', ( ^Yh^te.') "White to move. 454 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. 8. Castles. See " Grand Tactics," page 362. 9. P-KB4. White reinforces his major front with the K B P en potence, and thus combines the best deployment with the correct manoeuvre, viz., to develop the strategic front. 9. P-KB4. White's superiority seems demonstrated by the fact that Black voluntarily creates a strategetic weakness in his position by making K 3 an uncovered point. See " Minor Tactics, page 130 (a). 10. P-KR3. White proposes to reinforce his major front en potence by the echelon, and to that end he first estab- lishes the K R P en appui to support the advance of the K Kt P. See " Grand Tactics," page 372. 10. QKt-Q2. An unscientific move, which is necessitated by the general inferiority of Black s position. The Q Kt, of course, should be deployed at Q B 3, after the deploy- ment of Q B P at Q B 4. See " Minor Tactics," page 160, and page 162 (c) and (i). 11. K — R2. The King is deployed to make room at K Kt 1 for the KB, and it is placed at R 2 in order to be secure from the attack of the adverse Q B, and to support the point d' appui. 11. P-QB4. This deployment is valid. See "Minor Tactics," pages 160, 164, 166. THE MODEL GAME. 455 12. P-QB3. See " Minor Tactics," pages 106 and 133 (d) ; " Grand Tactics," page 286, Formulas 1 to 16. 12. P-QB5. See " Grand Tactics," page 225, Formulas 96 to 100. Black has now established the major left oblique re- fused. The defect in this strategic front lies in the fact that it has not the direction of the objective plane. See " Grand Tactics," page 159. Position after White's 12th move. Fig. 270. (Black.) ^^« mm, I mm , m mm i ill i m i J^r'^^r-f ^^^"^ ■ '///////M. ^:0/////////. §M EjI*^'^ a ^i Black to move. 456 THE GRAND TACTICS OF CHESS. 13. B — QB2. 13. P — QR3. Entirely wrong. Black always with all speed should reinforce this front with the echelon by P — Q Kt 4 and P-QR4. 14. QKt — KB3. See " Minor Tactics," page 138 (i). 14. P — KE3. White menaces to avail of the strategetic weakness in Black's position by attacking the unsupported K P, and Black, in preventing this, creates another uncovered point at K Kt 3. As the result, his position is now fatally compromised. 15. P-KKt4. 15. K-R2. 16. R-KKtl. 16. R-KKtl. The reader will observe that every white piece de- ployed has been posted in exact accordance with this theory of chess play. It also will be observed that the faults in the Black, position are occasioned by the post- ing of pieces not in accordance with this theory of chess play. To rectify Black's position, see Frontispiece. 17. Q-Kl. Up to this point, every move by White has combined either the line of mobilization or the line of develop- ment with the line of manoeuvre. Black, very im- properly, has limited his efforts not only to the strategetic defensive, but even to the tactical defensive. Consequently White's constructive processes incident to the strategetic offensive not having been interrupted, the present game stands a perfect model of the art of combining deployments and developments by the right oblique with a simple line of manoeuvre against an THE MODEL GAME. 457 objective plane located on the refused wing of an adverse strategic front directed by the left oblique refused. The Black front not being echeloned, the establish- ment of the minor crochet by White is unnecessary. The strategetic weakness contained in the Black posi- tion makes it possible for White to mathematically demonstrate a decisive loss to Black either in position or in material, or in both. Therefore White, by the move in the text, initiates a strategic line of operations, i. e. he forecasts the capture of the adverse king. Position after Black's 16th move. Fig. 271. {Blacl:. ) 'mm m. m. ^^^^Bl^^H m.,^j.i!^M 3^&,.